^fe
 
 1
 
 .OCSB LIBRARY
 
 GEORGE the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great 
 Britain^ France, znd Irelatidy Defender of the -Faithj ^c. To all 
 to whom thefe Prefents {hail come ; Greeting : 
 
 IHuai Daniel Penning, Gentleman, I;.a.b', by i^ijj 5?erittan, i^um- 
 tj(vi tcprtienteD untj Uit, Ciiat \\i i)ati] alveaQn torittcn, anD 
 
 publlltjeil, feV) era ('^00 Ills ,- viz. A Treadfeof Arithmetic ; One 
 upon Geography ; anb another, intitleti. The Univerfal Spelling Book ; alt 
 
 tohicl) Ijalie bun licrv mucfj npp20i!eD of: €i)at Ije Ija,^ note, toitl) great 
 ^^flboiir anD <j2rpenr£, iron>:ten anD cam;it[Ei*! a iDodt, intitUti, The Royal 
 
 IDiaionary : Or, A Treafury of the Engliih Language; in taj^IC!^ t)e Ijas fjaD 
 
 t\]t Ifuiiaucc auD '^vpmbation cf fcii^ral Icarncti a3ent(cmcn, in order ta 
 render ttje lame a;:; perfect and complete a^ potTibie ; anu Ijatlj tljeccfore 
 moll Ijumblu befonaljt i!.^ to grant him <^nt llonaf licence f02 rlje folc 
 ©rintmtt, ^ubii{I)ing, and J^ending tlje faid IDorli, fo; tfje €erm of l^our* 
 teen r^earii : iBe, being toilling ro gitie all due Encouragement to flDocli^ 
 cf ti'ft' ii^'ature.aregranouflrt pieafcdto condefcend to 10 l^equefi ; and 
 iDe Votljerefcre, ^i tijefe g^refentj^ (fo far a^ man be agreeable to ti)e 
 Statute in tljat ^elialf made and probtded) grant unto fjim, tlje faid Da- 
 niel Penning, ^i^ <Ef ecut02:S, •^dmini?lrat02.-s, and ^ffigni?, >©ur Sonal %U 
 fence for the fole JD2!nting and f»ubUfljing tlje faid iDorft, tntitled. The 
 
 Royal Englilh Diftionary : Or, A Treafury of the Engliih Language, a^ 
 
 5f^clumc 02 Ji^olume.^ taljatfoevier ; o: to import, 2?uit, j^^nd, Utter, 02 ^ip 
 tribute, anl? Copied tijcrcof i^e-pcmted bejiond tlje .^cap, during tfje afore- 
 faid Serm of ^rourtecn ?3car.i?, toitljout tlje €onfcnt and 'Approbation of 
 
 <!l?-ur ^Jluftoni!^, and tl)c .itiatter, iDarden.i?, and ^ompann of ^tationerjiJ, 
 are to tahe i)otice, tijat due v3bedience be rendered to <8ur J©ili Ijcreiii 
 fjcciared. 
 
 Given at Our Court at 5/. Juaies's, the Third Day of Julj, 1761, in the 
 Firll Year of Our Reign. 
 
 By his Majcfty's Command, 
 
 BUTE. 
 
 k
 
 THE 
 
 Royal Englilh Didionary; 
 
 o R, A 
 
 TREASURY 
 
 OF T IT F 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 CONTAININ G, 
 
 I. A Full Explanation of all the TERMS made Us e of 
 
 I N 
 
 GUKNERY, 
 
 Heraldry, 
 
 Hieroglyphics, 
 
 History, 
 
 Husbandry, 
 
 Hydraulics, 
 
 Hydrostatics, 
 
 Law, 
 
 Logic, 
 
 Mathematics, 
 
 Mechanics, 
 
 M1LITAR.Y Art, 
 
 Music, 
 
 II. Tracing the Words from their original Fountains. 
 
 ill. Explaining the various Senses in which they are ufed, fupported by 
 Authorities from the befl: Englijh Writers. 
 
 IV. Accents are properly placed, to facilitate the true Pronunciation. 
 
 V. Each Word is followed by an initial Letter, to denote the Part' of 
 
 Speech to which it belongs. 
 
 VI. A Geograohical Account of the principal Kingdoms, Cities, &c. 
 
 of the World. 
 Vn. A Defcription of the Cities and Counties of ^w^/aW and Wales. 
 VIII. The Lives of the moft eminent Poets arid other ingenious and 
 
 illuftrious Men, who have flourilhed in thefe Kingdoms. 
 The Whole on fo E X T E N S I V E a P L A N, as to unite the different 
 Excellencies of all other Englijh Dictionaries. 
 To which is prefixed, 
 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 ' By D. PENNING, 
 
 AUTHOR of the Universal Spelling Book; A Treatife of Arithmetic i 
 The Young Algebraist's Companion ; The Use of the G lobes ; &c. 
 
 The Fourth Edition Improved; to which aie added, 
 the Lives of feveral eminent modern Writers. 
 
 Algebra, 
 
 An tomy, 
 
 Architecture, 
 
 Arithmetic, 
 
 Astronomy, 
 
 Botany, 
 
 Chemistry, 
 
 Dialling, 
 
 Divinity, 
 
 Gardening, 
 
 Geography, 
 
 Geometry, 
 
 Grammar, 
 
 Natural History., 
 
 Navigation, 
 
 Optics, 
 
 Painting, 
 
 Perspective, 
 
 Philosophy, 
 
 Pneumatics, 
 
 Poetry, 
 
 Printing, 
 
 Rhetoric, 
 
 Sculpture, ^ 
 
 Surgery, 
 
 Surveying, &c. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for L. Havves, and Co. T. Caslon. S. Crowder, Robinson and 
 Roberts, B. Collins, and A. Ham ilton, jun. mdcclxxi. 
 [PRICE BOUND SIX SHILLINGS.]
 
 TO THE 
 
 I 
 
 MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAJESTY, 
 
 TH E author of the following work has 
 prefumed to infcribe it to your Majefly, 
 as the moft proper Patron for a fubjed: 
 of this nature. Born an EngHfliman, and glory- 
 ing in the place of your nativity, it is not ima- 
 gined but your Majefty will have fome regard 
 for the purity of your native language. Your 
 fpeeches already delivered in the Senate, are 
 ftrong arguments that your Majefty is no ftranger 
 to its elegance and its ftreno-th. Could the 
 author be indulged one wifh, your Majefty's 
 court would admit no other language within its 
 verge, and foreigners would be obliged to make 
 themfelves mafters of it to render them fuccefsful 
 in their applications, and acceptable in their ad- 
 dreffes. It was fuch a ftep as this that contri- 
 buted to make the Roman language the moft 
 extenfive, and the moft elegant of any in the 
 univerfe. The French, though now fpoken 
 in all the courts of Europe, cannot lay claim 
 either to the concifenefs, purity, or ftrength of 
 
 a 3 expreflion
 
 VI 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 expreffion to be found in the Englifli ; its fbft- 
 nefs may fuit the difpofition of thofe who are 
 born flaves, but is neither fuitable to the free 
 and manly fentiments of Englifli Kings, or 
 Englifli Subjeds. 
 
 Proud of the honour of being an Englifliman, 
 and governed by a Prince born in England, the 
 author begs leave to fubfcribe himfelf, 
 
 Your Majesty's moft loyal^. 
 
 And mofl: obedient 
 
 Subjed and Servant, 
 
 Royal Exchange, July ^, 
 1761. 
 
 DANIEL PENNING
 
 P R E F A C 
 
 1 
 
 ■^HE ftudy of languages has, in all ages, been recom- 
 mended by the example of the greatefl; fchoiars and 
 ftatefmen j but the knowledge ot our own language 
 fhould be the firft objed of our thoughts, and the chier em- 
 ployment of pur kifure hours. By thefe means, we ihall be 
 enabled not only to free it from the ruft of barbarity, which 
 cleaves, in fom.e meafure, to all languages, but {hall likewife 
 acquire tafte fufficient to form a proper judgment of the ftile 
 and elegance of our native authors. Jf we take into our confi- 
 deration the variety of acceptations in which the fame word 
 is ufed by different writers, nay, even by the fame author, we 
 lliall find a fbrong obligation to make the language of our 
 country the fubjedt of our meditations, Without this applica- 
 tion, we mufl: be ftrangers to propriety, and blind to the beau- 
 ties, which the pages of our learned countrymen difplay to our 
 minds. The only books which could fuinifh us with any afiif- 
 tance in this literary purfuit, muft be the works of fuch au- 
 thors, who have applied themfelves to compile the various 
 fcnfes, in which the words of our language are ufed. 
 
 But thefe compilations are not confined to the ufe of the 
 natives ; the inhabitants of all the globe are compelled to avail 
 themfelves of their help, and are obliged to make ufe of them 
 as keys to unlock the treafure of our language. The import- 
 ance of Z)/^/c?j,3nVj being fo great, the public, inftead ot won- 
 dering at their variety, fhould rather wonder that their variety 
 is not greater. As moft lexicographers have had a difierent 
 point in view, their labours have all proved, in fome d-jgree, 
 of general uie ; and none, unlefs the mere copier of a prece- 
 dent work, can be faid to have been ufelefs. Yet, while the 
 different branches of lexicography were kept diilinui:, the 
 public feemed to have been defrauded of the profit that might 
 have been acquired from their cultivation. Neither time, nor 
 curiofity, nor v/ealth, have put it in the power of every one 
 to be mafter of the various Diolionaries which have been pub- 
 lifhed in the different branches of fclence. To unite thef<s; 
 fcattered rays, as it were, into one focus, has been the inten- 
 tion of the author of this work; who is fo far from depre- 
 ciating the labours of his predeceffors, as to own, that, were 
 it not owing to them, this work would have been v/aating in 
 
 a 4 many
 
 Vltl 
 
 PREFACE; 
 
 many of Its perfedions. To unite profit with amufement, im- 
 provement with delight, and worth with frugahty, has been 
 his chief aim •, and if the reader attends to the articles which 
 are contained in the fubfequent pages, he doubts not but he 
 will congratulate himfelf in having met with a Didlionary on a 
 more extenfive plan than any that have already been publifhed. 
 Every word made ufe of in the common occurrences of life, 
 cr in the feveral arts and fciences neceflary for the fubfiftence 
 or improvement of our being, are explained, fo as to convey 
 a precife and determined idea of their meaning. The various 
 fountains, from which they are derived, are pointed out in 
 fuch a manner, as renders them intelligible to the moft illite- 
 rate, and the meaneft capacity. The different fenfes affixed 
 to the fame word, are fupported with authorities from the moft 
 celebrated writers. The accents are placed over the proper 
 fyllables, to prevent a vicious pronunciation. And, in order 
 to inform thofe, who are not acquainted with grammar, of 
 the part of fpeech to which each word belongs, the initial let- 
 ter is placed immediately after the word, to fhew whether it 
 be a verb, lubftantive, adjeftive, &c. The principal king- 
 doms and ciaes of the world are delcribed with a comprehen- 
 five brevity, which conveys to the mind an idea of their im- 
 portance, as well as their fituation. As this work, may prob a- 
 bly be more ufed by natives than foreigners, a defcription is 
 criven, under their proper articles, of all the counties and re- 
 markable curiofities that are contained in this ifland. 
 
 For the amufement of the curious, the lives of the moft emi- 
 nent poets and other illuftrious men, who have flourifhed in 
 thefe kingdoms, are delivered in a fuccind manner. And that 
 the fair fex, as well as foreigners, might not lament the want 
 of a Grammar, adapted to the genius of our language, and 
 fuited to the meaneft underflanding, we have prefixed a ma; 
 Grammar^ which, we may venture to fay, is plainer (if not 
 more comprehenfive) thap any that have yet appeared.
 
 A CONCISE AND COMPREHENSIVE 
 
 GRAMMAR 
 
 I O F T H E 
 
 ENGLISH TONGUE. 
 
 GRAMMAR is the art of fpeaking and writing any language properl'/* 
 As language is compofed of words, a word of fyllables, and a fylla- 
 ble ct letters. Grammar is properly divided into four parts ; lit, That 
 which treats of letters, or the moft convenient and proper marks or founds for 
 exprefTing words, called orthography, when confined to writing •- and ortheapyt 
 when applied to fpeech. zdly, 1 hat part which relates to fyllables, and 
 treats of their true pronunciation with refpeft to accent and time, is called 
 profody. 3dly, That part which relates to words, and treats of their kinds, 
 their derivations, their endings, their changes, their analogy or likenefs to 
 each other, is called etymology : and 4thly. That part which treats of the right 
 placing or joining of words together in a fentence, is called ^«/^x. 
 
 To begin with the firlt partof thefe branches, taat is to fay, with orthogra- 
 phy, or the art of writing words with their true and proper letters. This word 
 is derived from e^Gu;, orthos, Gr. right, and y^^ap/,, graphe. Gr. writing. 
 
 The firft ftep to orthography mud be to know the true found of the letters-, 
 which in the Englifli alphcibet are twenty fix, as 
 
 Rom: 
 
 n. 
 
 Italic. 
 
 Old Englifh. 
 
 Their powers. 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 ai 
 
 B 
 
 b 
 
 B 
 
 b 
 
 3 
 
 b 
 
 be 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 € 
 
 € 
 
 t 
 
 fee. 
 
 D 
 
 d 
 
 D 
 
 d 
 
 © 
 
 D 
 
 dee 
 
 E 
 
 e 
 
 E 
 
 e 
 
 € 
 
 t 
 
 e 
 
 F 
 
 f 
 
 F 
 
 f 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 
 
 cir 
 
 G 
 
 g 
 
 G 
 
 g 
 
 03 
 
 8 
 
 jee 
 
 H 
 
 h 
 
 H 
 
 h 
 
 t 
 
 ij 
 
 auch 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 J 
 
 7 
 
 j 
 
 % 
 
 j 
 
 i confonant, jay, or jod 
 
 K 
 
 k 
 
 K 
 
 k 
 
 li 
 
 ft 
 
 kai 
 
 L 
 
 1 
 
 L 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 el 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 9^ 
 
 m 
 
 em 
 
 N 
 
 n 
 
 N 
 
 n 
 
 d 
 
 n 
 
 en 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <JB> 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 # 
 
 9 
 
 pee 
 
 Q. 
 
 q 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 q 
 
 cue 
 
 R 
 
 r 
 
 k 
 
 r 
 
 a 
 
 t I 
 
 ar 
 
 S 
 
 f s 
 
 S 
 
 fs 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 5S 
 
 efs 
 
 T 
 
 t 
 
 T 
 
 t 
 
 € 
 
 t 
 
 tee 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 U 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 <v 
 
 © 
 
 tJ 
 
 u confonant, va, e, oret: 
 
 w 
 
 w 
 
 W 
 
 nv 
 
 !© 
 
 Di 
 
 doable u 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 •^ 
 
 >• 
 
 ex 
 
 Y 
 
 y 
 
 r 
 
 y 
 
 i 
 
 P 
 
 wy ( commonly izznrd or u 
 
 Z 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 z 
 
 ^ 
 
 5 
 
 zed 1 zard, that is/ hard. 
 
 From the foregoing alphabet it appears, that among the fmall letw.rsf has 
 two forms, the long/ being uCed in the beginning and iniudic ol vvo;di, and 
 thefhcxt /at the end. 
 
 2 "i'he-
 
 z A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 
 The letters are divided into vowels, femivowels, confonants and diphtliODes. 
 
 A vowel is a letter that makes a full and perfeft found by itfelf. 
 
 A femivovvel is a letter which makes an imperfed found by itfelf; fuch are 
 r, which is founded by twirling the tongue, and / by hiding. 
 
 A confonant is a letter that cannot be founded without a vowel. 
 
 A diphthong is a found compounded of the found of two vowels, fo as both 
 of them may be heard. 
 
 A triphthong is a found compofed of three vowels, as in lieu, 
 
 C H A P. I. Of the Vowels. 
 
 THE vowels are fix, njix, «, e, i, o, «, y, 
 A, has three founds ; flender, open, and broad. 
 
 ^Jlendery is found in moft words, particularly in thofe which end with an 
 t final, as mfacey grace, lane; and in thofe which end in iion, as creation, aba- 
 mination, hejitation, jlalion. 
 
 A optn, is the a oi the Italians, or nearly refemblcs it, and is ufed in man, 
 tan, father, glafs. 
 
 A broad, refembles the a of the Germans, and is pronounced as if followed 
 by an u or ay, as in all, fall, call', this pronunciation feems to be borrowed 
 from the Saxons, many of thefe words being foimerly written with an u after 
 them, which is now dropped. 
 
 The a Ihort approaches to the a open, as in lafs. 
 
 The rt long, if followed by an ^ final, is always flender, z.%cam,came,fam,fame. 
 
 The a forms a diphthong only with ; or y, and u or ou, as in gam, plain^ 
 day, may, wherein it is pronounced like the « flender, as in plane. 
 
 Ju or a-M has the found of the German a, as in cla'w, haughty. 
 
 E. This vewel occurs more frequently in the Englifh language than anjr 
 other, and varies perhaps more than any other in its ufe and founds. 
 
 Before a double confonant it is always fhort, us \n fell, dzvell, cellar ,fer pent. 
 
 At the end of words, it is generally mute, or not founded, unlefs in mono- 
 fyllables that have no ether vowel, as //c, me', or in proper names, as in 
 Penelope, Dcrbe ; or when ufed to foften the foregoing confonant, as in fme, 
 judge, ficge ', or when it ferves to lengthen the preceding vowel, as cauy 
 lengthened into cane ; n.van, lengthened into ivane. 
 
 But it mufi be obfcrved, that it does not always lengthen the preceding 
 vowel, efpecially in fuch words as were written with zr\f in old Englidi, as 
 gif, now written gi-ve; lof, now written loue : its being added to fuch words 
 was perhaps owing to the change of ^ into i;, which being formerly written 
 liu, with an u vowel, required fome other letter to be added, in order to fhew, 
 that the u was to be pronounced like the 'v confonant, not like the « vowel. 
 In the participles of verbs this e is dropped, as in loving, not loveing ; and 
 nvri/ing, not tvriieing. 
 
 When the e comes before an v, or after an r or /, it has an obfcure found, 
 which i.s'fcarcely perceptible ; as in hearkin, audible, maffacre. 
 
 It forms a triphthong with a, as in near ; with /, as in <vie^ ; and with «, 
 as in litu. 
 
 Befoe a it is generally founded like e long, or double f^, as mdean, or fear i 
 but in great it is dropped, :;nd gives the a the fame found as in grate. 
 
 Ei ;s founded like ce, as in decei've, feize. 
 
 Eu i.s founded like « long and foft, as in Eudofa. 
 
 E, a, u, are combined and founded like u long in beauty, and its derivatives. 
 
 £,: is founded like e long in people ; like ^ fhort in leopard', and like o fliort, 
 \nyecmcu. 
 
 /, ii founded long before a confonant followed by an e final, as in fne ; 
 but is ihort in/«. Before
 
 THE ENGL. ISHTONGUE. g 
 
 Before ror « it is generally fhort, as in dirt: it forms a diphthong only 
 with e, as mftld or beUe've, vviiere it is founded like double e ; but infytcua', 
 the i is dropped, and the found ihort. in the triphthongs iuu, adieu, -vie-zv, 
 it is founded like u open. 
 
 O, is long in words ending with an e mute, as in hone, corrcde ; and this is 
 ftill obferved in compound words where the ^ is omitted, as in corrodin?. It 
 forms a diphthong with «, and has the found of o long, as in moan ; as ic 
 likewife does- with /, which is the only proper diphthong in the Englifh lan- 
 guage, ^% in foil, toil; but in fome words it is mute, and fsrves only to 
 lengthen the found of the /', as in fpoil^ pronouncedy//7t^; bjcil, pronounced' 
 brile. Joined to another o, it forms a dipthong, and is founded like the Ita- 
 lian «, as in boot. It forms a diphthong likewife with u or iw, as in hour, 
 poixier ; but in fome words has only the found of o long ; as jn foul, groiv > 
 inyiw, the verb, fignifying to fcatter feed, to diftinguifli it tromfon.v, the (he 
 of a boar ; in boiu, an iuftrument ufcd in ihooting, todiftinguiih i: from /oa',?, 
 a declining of the head ; in boivl, a round or fpherical body, to diuinguilTi it 
 fjom bo^'l, a wooden veffcl or difh. Ou is likewife fomeu'incs pronounced 
 like foft, as in court, and in cough ; like u clofe, as in could ; and like u open 
 as in rough, tough. It frequently flisuld, confident with analogy, be ufed ia 
 the lad fyllables of words, which are derived to us by the medium of the 
 French from Latin words, ending in or ; thus we Ihculd fpell authour, errcur 
 honour., labour; but not as inno'vators, who for want <• attending to the eenius 
 of cmr language, and from an utter ignorance of our ancient writers, general- 
 ly write author, error, honor, labor; for indeed the laft fyl! L'e of thefe words 
 is neither pronounced as if written or, or ur, but as if compounded of both 
 thofe founds. Mr. Samuel Johnfon, whofe works have rendered him juftly 
 efteemed, for their elegant corrednefs and fublime fentiments, has endeavoured 
 to reftore this fpelling, and it were to be wifhed, that if the analogy of our 
 language will not ftrengthen bis reafons, yet fafliion will give force to his e;i- 
 ample. 
 
 O, in the plural oi nxoman, is pronounced like an /iJiort, ivomen being pro- 
 nounced <vL'imen; the reafon of which feems to be, that this word was originally 
 derived from the Sa.xon %vifman, or ^viman, which makes the plural ivitncn. 
 
 O fhort is founded like u, in fen, come, which alludes to the (-iothicoripinals 
 funnam-,cuman, from whence thefe words are derived ; nvcnder'i^ foundedTn the 
 fame manner, becaufe at firil written uunder, from tL-undcr, Sax. but after- 
 wards, when the iu was ufed, o was added to fupply the want of a vowel. 
 
 U, is long in the laft fyllable of words ending with an e mute, as in ufe, 
 and it retains that found even in words wherein the e mute is fuppreifed, ?s 
 \Xi profufion \ otherwife it is Ihort, as in hut, cut, turf. It is joined with 
 a, e, i, 0, but in fuch combinations has the force of -v or 'zt', aj. in qucTf, rerucft, 
 acquit, requite, anguifi). Sometimes in ui the i lofes its found, as injuia, truije :. 
 it is mute fometimes before «, e, i, and >•, ns in buy, guard, guef, guil'e ; in the 
 laft it feems to be inferted purely to fiievv that the g is to be founded hard. 
 This vowel ends no Englilh words except thou and j«?a, and in other words its 
 found is expreiTed by ue or fw, as in 'virtue, true, argue, nephew. In words 
 that terminate with ue, the u is mute, in imitation of the french, as in pro- 
 rogue, plague, fynagogue, n.'ague. 
 
 T, This vowel is borrowed from the Greek, and its name from the Saxons. 
 As no Englilh words end in /', wlien / would occur at the end of a word, it is 
 ufcd to fupply its place, as in thy ; it is likewife ufcd before an /, z% dying. It 
 forms a diphthong with a, e, o, and «, as in may, they, defroy, buy ; and is re- 
 tained in fuch derivative words a? contain thefe diphthongs, as defroy, dtfrcyer, 
 . betray, betrayer, pray, prayer, fay., faying. 
 
 Befides thefe particular obfervations refpefting the found of the vowels, we 
 muft add the following general rules. ' jj^^
 
 4 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 
 ift. A vovvel is commonly {hort in the beginning, or in the middle Syllable 
 
 of a word, when followed by two confonants, as in opportunity. 
 
 2d, A fingle vowel, coming before a Tingle confonant in words of one fyl- 
 
 lable, is fhort, as in bag, dog. 
 
 CHAP, II. Of the C K 3 N A N T s. 
 
 A Confonant is a letter that cannot be founded without adding a vowel be- 
 fore or after it, as m, which is founded im by prefixing a vowel before 
 it; and/ founded pe, by fubjoining a vovvel after it. 
 
 The confonants are fubdivic'ed into mutes, and femivowels. 
 
 A mute is a letter which makes no found without a vowel, fuch are h, c, g( 
 «, a, t, z ; all the other confonants are called femivowels. 
 
 A femivowel is a letter that makes an imperfedl found without the addition 
 of a vowel ; fuch are/", b, /, w, «, r, s, x \ four of thefe are called liquids. 
 
 A liquid is a letter which lofcs part of its found in another confonant joined 
 with it ; fuch are /, m, w, r. 
 
 5, has one unvaried found, is ufed before all the vowels, and before the 
 confonants / and r, as in blame, break- In the following words it is mute, 
 12V/'/, debtor, fuhtle, doubt, lamb, limb, dumb, thumb, climb, comb, nvomb. 
 
 C, is founded like/ before e, i, andy, or before an apoflrophe, denoting 
 the abfence of ^, asin ccr-cut, city, cjpLr, grac'd (or graced ; but before a, 0, 
 u, I, or r, and at the ends of words, it is founded hard like k, as in can, coft, 
 cub, clafs, crufi, p: hlic. It (hould be obferved, it has been the cufto.m to add. 
 2i k io c zi the ends of words ; but as this deltroys their analogy, and renders 
 their etymology uncertain, the moderns have juftly omitted the k. Joined 
 to h, it has a like found 2ii/h, as in church, crutch ; but in words derived from 
 the Greek, it is founded like k, as in che}nifi,fcheme, archatigel; but when arch 
 is compounded with a word beginning with a confonant, it has the found of 
 the Englifh ch in church, as in arch-bifrop. In words derived from the French^ 
 it is founded like/, as in machine, chaije. 
 
 D, has but one uniform found, and is ufed before all the vowels^ and the 
 confonants r and --uj, as draiv, dwell. 
 
 F, is pronounced before a liquid, as in ^ame, fright, ana has one unvariable 
 found, excepting that of is fometimes pronouncea like cv. 
 
 G, has two founds, that before a, 0, u, being hard, as in game, gone, gun j 
 but foft before ^, i,y, or before an apoflrophe, when it denotes the abfencc 
 of ^, as m gender, ginger, gypfy, and Judged i^or J udired. At the end of a word 
 it is always hard, as in deg, bring. Its found before e and i is fometimes hard, 
 efpecially in words not derived from the Latin or French, as in give, get, geldj 
 bepin, and all their derivatives. For this reafon it is foft in giu:.t, gigantic, 
 gibbet, giblet,giles, gill, gilUflo-jjer , gin, ginger, gjngle. In words ending with 
 er it is hard, as in anger, Jinger. When it is followed by u, or an h, at the be- 
 pinnino- of a word, its found is hard, as in guide, guilt, ghofi ; but when g is 
 followed by h in the middle^ and fometimes at the end of words, it is filent ; 
 thus though is pronounced tho' ; right is pronounced rite, and fought is pro- 
 nounced yij'w;/^. Otherwife, at the end of words, it has the found off, as in 
 ecugh, enough ; but the laft word is fometimes founded, according to the pre- 
 ceding rule, eno-rv. 
 
 H, is a note of afp^ration, and (hews, that the vowel following it mud be 
 pronounced with a ftrong emiifion of brtath, as in hat, horn, ftgenerally is; 
 pronounced in this manner at the beginning of words, excepting in. heir, hirbi 
 hoftler, honour, humble, hor.ejl, humour, and their derivatives. 
 
 J, This confonant is founded like a fott g, and might very properly be 
 fubllituted inftead of the g, when founded foft, to prevent roiftakes in fb- 
 reigners ; as in jejh
 
 THEENGLIStI TONGUE. 5 
 
 K, has the found of f hard, and where, according to the analogy of our 
 language, the c would be foft ; as in kept, Jkirt, kmg ; Jkeptic fhould likevvife 
 in Englifh be written with a k, not a c, as/ceptic. This letter is never doubled, 
 but has c often before it, to fhorten the preceding vowel, as in cock. 
 
 L. The found of this Jetter is the fame in Englifh as in othtr languages. 
 At the end of monofyllables it is doubled, as in kill, fall ; becaufe thefe vi^urds 
 were originally written kille, falle ; but in compound words one of the V% is 
 fupprefled, as mjkil/ul. In fome words it is mute, as in calf, half, could, 
 rwould,talk,fal>n.on, falcon ; could and nvould are however feldom pronounced 
 co^^d, nvoit'd, but by Londoners ; and falmon, falcorf, drop the found of /, in 
 allufion to the French pronunciation of taein, from whence they are derived. 
 
 M, has always the fame found. 
 
 A^, has always the fame invariable found, and after an m at the end of a 
 word is mute ; as in condemn, hymn. 
 
 P, has always the fame found ; when followed by s, and between m and e, 
 it is mute ; as in damn, condemn, tempt, pronounced dam, condemn, temt. 
 
 When joined with h, in words derived from the Greek, it has the found of 
 /, as \n philofophy, Philip, p v ono a n ccd flof op hy, Filip. 
 
 ^ In Englilh, as well as in other languages, is always followed by u, and 
 has then the fame found as our Saxon anceftors exprefled by oiv ; as in quai.-cr, 
 quein, quire. But in words derived from the Fiench, it retains the French 
 found, and is pronuonced like k, as in conquer, liquor, rifque, chequer. 
 
 R, has the fame rough fnarling found as in other languages. In words 
 derived from the Greek, it is joined with h, efpecially in fuch as had the r 
 afpirated, as in m)rrh, catarrh, or rheum. Re at the end of words derived 
 from the Greek or French, is pronounced like^r, weak, as in theatre, metre, 
 tnaffacre, fepulchre. 
 
 S, has naturally a fharp hifling found, as inffer ; when it ends a word, it 
 is founded like 2; ; zs in hees, pies ; an]s(s in this, thus, us,yes ; in thofe words 
 which are derived from the Latin, asfurplus, rebus, and in adjsflives which 
 end in us, and are derived from the French, as in gracious, religious ; where 
 we fhould remark that the u fiient, thofe words being founded as if written 
 gracius, religius. S has likevvife the found of z before ion, if a vowel goes be- 
 fore it, as in iifufeon ; but that ofyfliarp, if it follow a confonant ; as in rever- 
 fion. Before If mute it hss the found of s;, as in advife ; befcre_>' at the end of 
 words, as inrojy, and in bofom, defire, prifon, and its derivative?, prefent, dam- 
 Jel, cafement. It is mute or not pronounced in ifle, ifland, njifcount, demefne. 
 
 A iingle/feldom ends any word, except the third perfon of verbs, the ge- 
 nitive cafe, ar.d the plurals of noun?, the pronouns this, his, ours, yours, us, 
 the adverb thus, and words derived from the Latin. Where it would ciofe a 
 word, we generally add an e final j as in houfe, or elfe ufe a y}, as in grafs, 
 formerly written graffe. 
 
 T, is founded hard before a, e, 0, u, and /, provided a vowel does not fol- 
 low /, in which cafe it has the found ci f, as in falvation ; btjt when /goes 
 before it, it retains its hard found, as in qusftiou; as it docs likevvife in de- 
 rivatives from words ending in y, as mighty, mightier. When joined with h, it 
 has two founds, the one foft, as in all the pronouns, relative words and con- 
 jundions, in all words between two vowels, efpecially fuch as end in ther, as 
 father, and between r and a vowel, as in burthen, in other words, if is 
 founded hard, as in the prepoficions nvith, ivithout, through : and in the words 
 think, thrive, thigh, thro fig, death, faith, &c. and in the adjedives thick, thin. 
 Where it is foftened at the end of a word, an e final fliould be added j as in 
 breadth, th is founded hard, but in breathe, foft. 
 
 y, has a found much refembling an / foft ; as in 'vain, it being in the 
 lllandilh or Runic alphabet diilinguilhed from/ only by a diacritical point.
 
 € A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 
 J'f'''. It will not be amifs to cbferve, that this letter is borrowed from the 
 Gothic or Saxon, and receives its name, though improperly, from its fhapc, 
 not from its found;, had we retained ive-i, the antient Saxon name for it, it 
 \vou!d have facilitated the underllanding its power. The Latins, Greeks, and 
 ieveral modern languages, have no letter tbac anfwers it. At the beginning 
 of a fyllable, it fomewhat refembles a 'v, as in tvater, but founded rather 
 broader. It is ufed before all the vowels except u, this exception feems to have 
 been introduced when the Gallic uu were introduced, inflead of the Saxon 10, 
 for it feems odd to have three to's together. In the Saxon, u follows the ou, 
 as oficn as any other vowel, as in nvuce, vjund. As we write xu as one letter 
 and not as ////, we might have u after nv, as well as fo.merly ; but being too 
 ilrid imitators of Gallic nicety, and at the fame time forgeiiing the fources of 
 our language, the «, which follows the ^v in the original words, has been 
 changed into 0, 00, ou, and we have d-sme all we can to render the derivation 
 of our words impracticable. At firlt indeed writers and printers were content 
 ivith uu in fuch words, writing nunder, from the Saxon ivundor ; but afterwards 
 thinking a vowel was Itill wanting, even when the -uu were printed clofe as iy, 
 they thou£;ht itncceflary to add another vowel to fupply the feeming omiffion, 
 and produced the word ^vender . Vi'Haen nv is ufcd before the letter ky it is 
 really founded after it, as in ivhen, ivhich, nvbut ; which our Saxon anceftors 
 even fpelt Ih this manner, writing hxven, hivicb, hwal. In ivbore, and 'whoU- 
 Jamr, which are pronounced bore, holcfome, the to is filent. 
 
 X, begins no Englifli word ; but when ufed, has the found oi ks. 
 
 7', is ufed as a confonant before a vowel or diphthong. 
 
 Z, begins no Engliili word ; when ufed it has the foand of y" hard, as its 
 name exprelTes. 
 
 CHAP. III. Of Etymology. 
 
 ETYMOLOGY teaches the derivation ef one word from another, and 
 the various modifications by which each word is diverfified. 
 Words are either primitive or derivative. A primitive word is that which 
 is derived from no other word in our language, as 6a!/. A derivative word is 
 that w hich comes from fome other word incur language, as nji/her, from_y^'^. 
 Words are again divided into eight forts, as 
 
 Noun Adverb 
 
 Pronoun Conjunflion 
 
 Verb Prepofition 
 
 Participle interjedion. 
 
 The firft four, njiz. noun, pronoun, verb, and participle, are declined ; but 
 the lall four, adverb, conjunction, prepofition, and interjeiflion, are not declined. 
 Declerifion means the altering of the Jail fyllable of a word. 
 A noun is a general word made ufe of to convey the idea of any thing, or 
 the quality belonging to it ; and is therefcne fubdivided into (ubftantive and 
 adjedive. 
 
 A noun fubftantive is the name of the thing itfelf, as a mau. 
 A noun adjedlive is a word that exprelTes only the qualities or propetties of 
 a thing, as gooJ, had, ivife. 
 
 To diftinguiili a fubllantive from an adjeftive, join a verb to it, and if it 
 makes fenfe, it is a fubilantive, but on the contrary, an adjcAive. Thus, if 
 J join the verbye^ to a man, it makes this fcntence, I fee a man, which is fenfe, 
 and (lie word man is ccnfequentlv a fubllantive ; but if we join fee to nxife, 
 we form this fentcnce, I fee a avlf, which being nonfenfe, the word lAjife is 
 confcquently an adjedive. 
 
 Subllantive- are fubdivided into proper, or common. 
 A noun fubllantive common, or appellaiive, n a word which {lands for an 
 
 univerfal.
 
 THEENGLISH TONGUE. 7 
 
 unWerfal, or a whole rank of beings of the fame kind, as man^ hlrti^ rhver, 
 troulf eel, 
 
 A noun fubftantive proper, is a word that belongs to feme individual, and 
 diftinguifhes it from others of the fame kind ; as Jnne, is a name which be- 
 longs to a particular woman, and is ufed to diftinguifh her from others of the 
 fame fex or family. 
 
 Number. Subftantives may likewife be confidered as applied to one or 
 more, which is called number, and diftinguifhed into fingular or plural. 
 
 The fingular number is ufed when we fpeak but of one perfon or thing, as 
 /, thou, he, zjlick. 
 
 The plural number is ufed when we fpeak of more than one perfon or thincr, 
 as 'we,ye, tkey, boys,Jl:cks. 
 
 The plural number in Englifh is generally made by adding an / to the fingu- 
 lar of the fub!lanti\'e, as Jfick makes Jlicks, and boy makes hoxs, in the plural. 
 The plural number therefore has no more fyllables than the fingular ; thus boy 
 has but one fyiiable, anH <^»y/ has but one likewife. In the fingular yiz/A^r is 
 a diflyllable, and the plarj] fathe/s is a diflyllable likewife. 
 
 But when the finguiir ends in ve^ zs, ce, or ge, the plural has a fyllable 
 more than the frigular ; thus cage makes cages, maze makes mazes, face makes 
 faces, and hor/e makes horfes. 
 
 When the fingular ends in ch, Jh, Jf, or x, an e is put before the j in the 
 plural, thus. Church *1 j- Churches 
 
 B!u(h / , \ Blufhes 
 
 Witncfs f "^^'"" 1 WitnefTes 
 Box J L Boxes 
 
 Words that end in / orfe, make the plural by changing/andy> into 'vcs, 
 thus, 
 
 Singular Plural - Smgiilar Plural 
 
 ' Sheaves 
 Shelves 
 Selves 
 . . _ - - , . Thieves 
 
 Loaf J (.Loaves 
 
 Calf "7 r Calves 
 
 Half / \ Halves 
 
 Knife N makes < Knives 
 
 Leaf I / Leaves 
 
 makes 
 
 Wives 
 , Wolves 
 But the following words hoof, roof, grief d'v.mrf chief handkerchief, relief, 
 fcarf vjharf reproof Jirife, feoff, fluff, and, generally fpeaking, words ending- 
 inj^, make the plural according to the general rule, i. e. by the addition of j**; 
 thus w///makes muffs, and ho^vnzkt^ hoofs ; \iwXfaffm^ks%Pa=ves. 
 
 Nouns ending in y make their plural in ies, becaufe they were formerly 
 written with ie in the lingular, as appears from Chaucer's prologue of the 
 Teftament of Love, " The names of 'hem in the boke of perpetual memorit 
 " in virtue and pece are written." According to this rule, glory aizk^s gloriss, 
 znA frailty, frailties, in the plural. 
 
 The following words form their plurals irregularly ; 
 
 Singular Plural Singular Plural 
 
 Die ~ 
 
 Moufe 
 
 Loufe 
 
 Gojfe 
 
 and its compoundi 
 
 * This plural feems rather owing fo falfefpelHng than a departure from analogy, fqrJhft 
 plural, according to the general rule isdles, which is pronounced much the fameas'</;<,-r?^id 
 the fpelling it in the prefent manner might be in order to diflinguidi it from dies, the third 
 perfon lingular of the verb die. 
 
 t Feet is borrowed (romfet, the irregular plural of/jc, Saxon. P.-tice\s a contrartion from 
 tenny, plural pennies, pomes, pens, orj>me. A'Ln is borrowed from n:a.i, Saxon, whofe plural 
 ?5 irregular, and makes men. Cbu'd 
 
 }r Dice* Foot -j r Feetf 
 
 makes )^^*^^ J°°^h Uakes ) T"''''' 
 
 1 Lice Penny I ) Pence 
 
 LGeefe Man 3 L Men
 
 8 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 
 Child tnAke% children, which is an imitation of the Dutch plural. Brother 
 makes hrcthnn, and brothers, which is borrowed from brother, plural oi brother 
 in Jjaxon. At prefent brethren is feldom ufed but by divines. 
 
 Ox makes cxen, from the Saxon words in a making an in the plural : thus 
 ex/i Saxon, makes cxan in the plural. 
 
 The following words are ufed in both numbers. 
 
 Sheep, hcfe, prn, deer, fwine. Deer retainj ^ts form according to the Saxon 
 Jeer, which being of the fourth declenfion, has the nominatives fmgular and 
 plural the fame. S^.uine is a con'raftion ot /oiven ; yet it muft be obrerved, 
 that wheny^-u.' is ufed of the female onl\ , we jTc /oivs ; but when it is a fpeci- 
 fic same, we ufe only/it'/w. Chicken, is ufed lilcewife in both numbers, and 
 formed aftcj- the Dutch manner, chick, plural chicken ; though Greenwood is of 
 opinion that ckickenM fmgular, and chicken; the plural ; yet this feems a miftake, 
 founded on the errors of the vulgar. We likewife izy Ji'veyear, but then ufe 
 it as a compound word borrowed from the S&xon ff gear ; and ten pound from 
 iyniund SRxon, fund in Saxon being of the fourth declenfion, and the fame in 
 the nominative fmgular and plural ; yet it /hould be obferved, that ten pounds 
 znc\ Jiw years is better Engliih on the modern analogy. 
 The following words have no fmgular. , 
 
 As apes, bellows, bonuels, breeches, entrails, lungs, fcijfars, Jhears, /nuffert, 
 toti^s, thanks, and i<jages. 
 
 Thefe wordi have no plural number. 
 
 ift. The proper names of «Vw, countries, rivers, mountains', the names of 
 i-irtitei and -vices ; fpeciric names merely fuch : thofe of-gold, filver, or copper } 
 the names of herbs, excepting nettle, poppy, lily, cole-wort, cabbage, iffc. zdly. 
 The names of Uv^inl kinds of corn and pulfe, as nvheat, rye, barley, darnel, ^c. 
 except btan, which makes beans^ znd pea, peas. Bread, "zvine, beer, ale^ honey , 
 cil, milk, butter want the plural ; but when fome of thefe ftand for individuals, 
 cr feveralforts, they then admit of a plural, as ii-ines, oils. 
 
 A fpecific name is that which fignifies a whole fpecies or kind, and may be 
 diftinguifhed, in our language, both from its having no plural, and likewife 
 from its never being ufed in the fmgular with a before it ; for we never fay a 
 jiejh, a gold, h\it Jlejh, or gold ; and when a word is ufed both for an individual 
 and a fpecific name, we leave out the article a, when we ufe it fpecifically ; 
 thus we fay a man tvas killed, when we ufe the word man of an individual ; bat 
 man is mortal, or man fell, when we ufe it fpecifically. 
 
 CHAP. IV. The Englifh Nouns, with refpea to Cafes. 
 
 IN order to denote the different relations in which one word flands to another, 
 the learned languages have made a change in their laft fyllables ; but as we 
 find no other charge in Engiiih nouns, excepting in the genitive, we may fay 
 >vc have no otlier cafe ; for excepting in the genitive, the refpeft which things 
 bear to one another, is in our language exprefTed by means of certain word« 
 called prepofitions; fuch are cf, to, for, from, nvith, by. 
 
 Jn Englifh the genitive is exprefled by adding an 'j to the nominative, ac- 
 cording as the pronunciation requires; as the j(y»^'j prerogative; Charleses 
 wain. This cafe is generally dilHnguilhed by prefixing an apoftrophe before 
 cr over the s. 
 
 The aLlative is exprefTed in Englifh by the pTepoCitiOn with, /rom, or by ^ 
 ifffk.^^ He cut him nvtth a knife." '• Engraved by Strange." *' He rofe 
 *♦ from the dead." 
 
 C H A P.
 
 Male 
 
 FemalS 
 
 Kino- 
 
 Queen 
 
 Lad 
 
 Lafs 
 
 Lord 
 
 Lady 
 
 Mafter 
 
 Miftrefg 
 
 Miker 
 
 Spawner 
 
 Nephew 
 
 Niece, is't. 
 
 THE ENGLISH TONGUE, j; 
 
 C H A P. V. Of G E N D E R. 
 
 THE want of that variety ofcafestobe found in other languages is an 
 advantage, by which our language is freed from perplexity: but ic 
 boafts Hill of another, in which no other language, but thd Chinefe, can rival 
 It; I mean, that the Englifh nouns admit of no difference of gender. 
 Gender is the diftinclion of fex. 
 
 Sex is either male or female; inanimate things are neither^ and there* 
 ©re faid to be of the neuter gender. 
 TheEnglifli have four ways of diftinguiCiing the ftx. 
 I. By different words, 
 
 Male Female 
 
 Bachelor Maid, or Virgin 
 
 Boar Sow 
 
 Boy Girl 
 
 Brother Sifter 
 
 Buck Doe 
 
 Bull Cow 
 
 tL When both fexes are comprehended Under one word, we add an ad- 
 jeftive to the word to diftinguifli the fex. Thus the word c/ji/d, being ap- 
 plied to both fexes, we add the words male or female; as a fiiale ch.Idj ^ 
 female child. 
 
 III. Sometimes we add another fiibflantive to the word, as a mari-fr-vani 
 for the male fx, TLmai J -fcrvant for ihc female. THefe words being generally 
 ufed to diftingiiifh the fex of nouns, are applied only to rational ci'eatures. 
 To dlftinguifh the fex of birds, we add the words cock, or hen, as a cock- 
 fparrovj, z. hcn-fparto-Jj . 
 
 But the common words we make ufe of to diftinguifh the fex are he and 
 ^f ; When we fpeak of the tnclcfx, we ufe the word /y, as a he hear', whea 
 we fpeak of the female fex, V/e ufe the word fpe, as a./ibe Sear; but when 
 we fpeak of a thing that is neither male or female, we ufe //; forexample, 
 fpeaking ot'fno-w, we do not fay, he ct Jhe melts, but it melts ; and when 
 we ufe a word v/hich leaves the fex undetermined, we add // iTkewife. 
 *' Do not wske the child, tt is alleep." 
 
 Some words, which exprefs inanimate things, and therefore fhould befol-t 
 lowed by it^ a»-e ufed figuratively, and ferving formerly for hieroglyphics ta 
 fignify perfons, are therefore fpokcn of as being of fome fex: thus of the 
 fun, we fay, •' //i.j going forth is from the end of the iieaven." Of the 
 moon, " In borrowed majtlly Jke walks abroad;" — and of ^^t churchy 
 ♦' Sh&^^h. nouriftrtd her children." 
 
 IV;.' Welikewifedillinguifh the female fex in fome nounSx*^y adding^/} to 
 the male, orchanging the termination into ef ; and this method of diliindioa 
 wehave borrowed from the Normans, ■ei5\n al/bidij/i:; though we might trace 
 it Hill higher, eilhertotheLatintermination/^, ortheGieeki?? z^> '5"^»> {^'v 
 as 7rfo(pr:Ti<;,p>ophetTS, Greek, prophenffe, ^rcn^h, prof Iff e. Old Englifh ; and 
 at prcitnt ft pphttifs. Thus lik^wifc ^urO.^v^, bcfileus, Greek, forking, from 
 (Sx^tMf, bafilis, or ^xffthtaau., baftliffat for the female, which is a queen. 
 
 Mnle FemaVe Male Female 
 
 Abbot Abbefs Jew Jcwcfs 
 
 A£lor ■ Artrefs Lion Lionefs 
 
 Adulterer Aduheicfs Prince Priacefs, tV. 
 
 B C M A P;
 
 i8 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 CHAP. VI. Of the Adjective. 
 
 THE Englifliadjeftiveis entirely undecllned, having neither cafe, gen- 
 der, or number, but being added to the fubftantives in all relations 
 without any change : thus we fay, a goc^ hther , a gocJ moihsr, gsodiihtrf 
 gjod men. 
 
 The Comparifon of Adjeftives. 
 
 Comparifon is the adl offetting twoormore things together in themind, 
 inorderto find out their agreement or difagreement; but by grammatical 
 comparifon, we mean comparing two or more qualities, whereby we are able 
 to affirm, that the one is more or lefs, or poflefTed of any quality in thehigh- 
 eft degree ; fo of three foft things, we, by comparing them together, find 
 three degrees of foftnefs, the one hc'mgj/ter than the firfl, and the third 
 th.e J'oftejt of the three. Hence we have three degrees of comparifon, 'viz. 
 t\iC poji live, iht comparative, and x\\z. fuperlaii-ue. 
 
 Tht pojiti-ve exprefTes the quality of a thing fimply, without any com- 
 parifon included, as Jc/t. 
 
 Th'ic-Kiparati've heightens Or lefTens thefenfeof thepofitive, anddenotes 
 that the thing compared enjoys any quality in a greater or lefs degree than 
 the thing itis compared with; as this wooVn/ofier, orfheis z fairer womap. 
 
 The/uptrlati'vc heightens thefenfeof the pofitive inthehigheft, ordimi- 
 nilhes it to the lowed degree ; or elfeflievvs thataperfon or thing poffelTes any 
 quality tofuch a degree, as nothing can go beyond, or equal them ; as ihtnui/ejl 
 ma:), /. f. one who has not his equal, or cannot be furpafled in wifdom. 
 
 'Thz comparaU've degxcth formed or made by adding^;- to the pofitive j 
 thus, to form the comparative ci fair we add er, which makesyiz/rfr. But 
 if the pofitive ends with an e final, wc add only r; thus, to form the com- 
 parative oiivife, we add only r, which makes nvfer. This method offorra- 
 ing the comparative we borrowed from the Saxons. 
 
 T\vef..perLui'i;e is formed by adding ef to the pofitive ; thus, to form the 
 fuperlative of fair, vveadd^y/; which v.\cikcsfaire/}; but, in cafe the pofitive 
 ends with an ^mute, we then only add /r, as weob/erved in the comparative; 
 lor if the pofitive be 'wif , we only add}?, which forms the fuperlative 'it^//'y?. 
 
 But fuch adjeftives as are borrowed from the Latin, and fuch as end in 
 
 ain 
 
 cal 
 
 OUS 
 
 ant 
 
 ive 
 
 en 
 
 ent 
 
 ible 
 
 ly 
 
 lefs 
 
 id 
 
 fome 
 
 ry 
 
 al 
 
 
 
 able 
 
 in* 
 
 iiTi 
 
 ed 
 
 providing they be words of more than one fyllable, form their comparative 
 by putting mare before the pofitive, and their fuperlative by prefixing //vo//; 
 thus the comparative of certain^ is more cer'ai/i, and the fuperlative moji 
 tcrtain. AhleznA ha^iHfofi:; arc exceptions to this rule, making abler, hand- 
 fomer, in the comparative, and abUjl, handfmeji, in the fuperlative. 
 
 Some adjedives likewife are compared by ufing better to exprefs thecom- 
 parative, and btft to denote the fuperlative; thus learned, in the compara- 
 tive, jnakes bett.r learned, and in the fuperlative b ft learned. 
 
 Jjig^ Int, andft, double the lafl confonant in their comparative and fu- 
 perlative degrees, in order to retain the (hort found of the pofitive; thus, ^/^ 
 makes birder, biggejl-, hot, hotter , ho;teJi; and^/ iiiakes_/5"//£r andftteji. 
 
 The
 
 THE ENGI^ISH TONGUE. u^ 
 
 The comparifon of the following adjeftives are irregular. 
 
 Pofitivs Comparative Superlative 
 
 Good Better Bell 
 
 Bad 1 
 
 Evil J. Worfe Worft 
 
 111 i 
 
 Little Lefs Leaft-. 
 
 This irregularity Gr^^axioodTuppofes owing to borrowing words from 
 other languages; butfurely that learned man could not be igi-iorant that this 
 irregularity is to to be found even in the languages from. 'whence they are 
 borrowed. Thus gccJ, god, or bet', in Saxon, makes b-ettera in the compara- 
 tive, and bcijiin the foperlative. Goo/i, inandic, makes betre in the compa- 
 rati\'e, and bej^e in thefuperlative. ///, the feminine of lUur, Ifl. makes ^.rra 
 in the comparative, and ^jejl in the fuperlative. Little is likewife irrep-ular in 
 the Saxon, as /y.'f/makes l,es in the comparati\e, and li^ft'in the fuperlative. 
 
 The following words have not the comparative degree ; tniddU^ middle-^ 
 incjl ; 'very, 'veriejl, ■ . . . ; . 
 
 Some adjc(5lives make their fuperlative by adding ;««/?; thusyQjr^, fron^ 
 the Saxon far o; forma, vmkss/ornier and forems/h From neatb, obfoicte, 
 comes neaiher^ and neathermoft ; but bind has two fuperlatiyes, as hind, hin-^ 
 der, kindenn-J}, and hindmoft ; yet it mull be remembered, that hmdmoji ia 
 not fo proper as hindermoji. Late has two comparatives as well a§ two fn-« 
 perlatives, for from late comes later and latte>' ; la eji or lajl, 
 
 Moji is fometimes added to a fubftantive, when it implies cojnparifpHj 
 as topmojl, Jouthmoji. 
 
 CHAP Vir. Of the Pronouns. 
 
 AS too frequent repetition of the fame words is both difagreeable and 
 inconvenient, we make ufe of feveral words to fupply the place of 
 fuch v/ords, which are therefore called pronouns. 
 
 A pronoun is a word that may be ufed inftead of a noun fubftantive j 
 thus, inflead of my own name, I fay / ; inftead of your name, I {d.y,yau 3 
 and inftead of another man, or woman's name, I fay, he, or (Is:, 
 
 As all difcour/e may be confined to thefe three heads ; ifl;, in fpeaking 
 of ourfelves: ?dly, in fpeaking to another; and ^dly, fpealcing a/'anptherj 
 thefe three heads are therefore called by the name c^ p,rjcns. For, 
 
 ift, When I fpeak of myfelf, I ufe the word /; and when feveral fpeak 
 of themfelves, they ufe the word ov^ • which words, / and wf, are of the 
 firll perfon. 
 
 zdiy, When we fpeak to another, we ufe the v/crd thou ox you ; but wheq 
 we fpeak to^morcthan one, we ufe the word ye ovyou : arjd the vvords, tbotf 
 or ye, ape of the fccond perfon. 
 
 3dly, In fppking of another of the male fex, we fay be; but of the fe, 
 male fex, we {^y /6e; and {hou\d we fpeak of any thing that is neither x!j. le 
 X\ox female, we fay /^ ; and if we fpeak of more things than one, Jet them ba 
 of the male or female fex, or even of no fex, we always ufe they. The v/or(4s 
 i!efiei.it,2,nAthc^, are of the third perfon. Hence th? 
 
 Singular Plural 
 
 111 Perfon, I V/e 
 
 ^d I'crfcn, Thcu, or you You, or ye 
 
 3d Perfon, He, ilie, it They. 
 
 All other noans, when fpoken ■;/, are of the third perfon 5 Angular whc-n 
 one only is meant, ai?d plural, when we fpeak of jpore than on?. 
 
 5 ^ Ir.4cB4
 
 20 A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF 
 
 Indeed, though we fpeak only afingle perfon, we aCeyou, which is plural; 
 but never ye. So likewife, out of complifance, we frequently ufe y cur for 
 riiy, andycurs for thhie. We likewife akyou inllead of re, feldom placjagye 
 before the verb, though it be the nominative, or foregoing Itate, unl^s by 
 way ofdiuindioii, familiarity, orconteinpt ; as, ♦' T^ are the men " Again, 
 which is likewife againlt the rules of grammar, we commonly ufe ye after 
 the verb, or a prepofition 3 as, " i will glveje a f|)ecimen ;" or, " I will 
 ** take it away from ye." 
 
 When pronouns are declined, they are faid to have a foregoing {late and 
 a following ilate. 
 
 'Ths/orei^cia^JIati', is that in which a word is ufed before a verb; and 
 the following itate that in which it is, ufed after the verb. 
 
 From thefe pronouns are derived others, called pronouns pofTeffive, fo 
 called becaufe they denote pofleflion ; from me comes z^ and mifie ; from 
 i6ei:, ;hy and thne; from us, our and ours ; and from you, your andyours. 
 Thefe pronouns are fometimes ufed to exprefs the caufe or author of a 
 thing; as, '* This isj'-ywr doing ;" i.e. you are the caufe of this. Again, 
 " This is my book ;" that is, I am the owner of this book. Thefe pof- 
 feflive pronouns have no cafes. 
 
 In order to render the declenfion of pronouns, and the proper ufe of 
 them more plain, we have fujoined, from Dr. Wallis, 
 
 A TABLE of all the Pronouns in the feveral States. 
 
 fSing. 
 I Perfon \ 
 
 [Plur. 
 
 2 Perfon s 
 
 [Sing, 
 [Plur. 
 
 ta 
 
 £^2 
 ^ ^ 
 
 (Z) 
 
 M 
 H 
 
 bSi 
 
 o *J 
 
 
 Me 
 
 We 
 
 Us 
 
 Thou or youl Thee 
 
 5 Perfons 
 
 Sing. f. Male. 
 Fern. 
 
 Prur. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Ye or you You 
 
 He 
 
 Him His 
 
 TheirPofTefiives 
 
 to be ufed 
 f\ 
 
 
 My 
 
 Our 
 
 Thy 
 
 Your 
 
 She 
 
 Her 
 
 It 
 
 It 
 
 They 
 
 Her 
 
 
 Thine 
 
 Yours 
 
 His 
 
 Hers 
 
 Its 
 
 Their 
 
 The Intcr- 
 rof^ative 
 
 Of Perfons 
 Of Things L 
 
 Who Whom Whofc 
 
 Its 
 
 Theirs 
 
 Whofe 
 
 rogative 1 of Things 1^ What | Whereof 
 
 Pronouns are likewife divided into fubltantivcs and adjeAives. The pro-. 
 jiouns fubftantive are,/, thou, he,Qxfi>e,\n both numbers, together with Jf/'/w- 
 ftif. The a," ■^''ves are, hsyjhe^ it, minet iby, thirnt her» I4^hs
 
 THE ENGLISH TONGUE. 21 
 
 Who Is an interrogjitive, (0 calle<l from ita being ufed in alklrg a quef- 
 tlon ; and is ufed only when we fpeak of perfons. 
 
 Thii, that, and ivhich, are adjedives, though commonly reckoned to be 
 pronouns, for they arc not put to fupply the place of fubllantives, but are 
 joined with them; as, ** This man ;" " That book." And if they occur at 
 any time without fubitantives, their fubllantives are then underftood. This 
 and thcit are called dtmonjfratives^ becaufc they fhew what particular pcrfon 
 or thing you naean. This makes thfe, iu the plural, and that makes thofe. 
 Which is called an interrogative, when ufed in afliing a qucllion, and a rela- 
 tive, when it has relation to f.ine fubftantive exprefied or unuerflood j as, 
 " Here is the book, 'whi^b (book} you loft." It is the fame in both num- 
 bers, and is ufed only when we fpcak of things. 
 
 CHAP. VJII. Of V E R B s. 
 
 A Verb is a word that fignifies being, aflion, or fufferlng ; thus, to I'le, 
 fignifies being in fome pof'ure : tof.ght, fignifies aStion; and to be he- 
 loved, fignifies the pafiion of a pcrfon. Such verbs as fignify merely being, 
 are ejje7ttial verbs ; tliofe that fignify doing or aclion, are acli-^)e verbs ; and 
 thofe that fignify fufFering, are called verbs pajjive. Verbs tb?: fignify con- 
 dition or habit, are called muter. In EngliOi we have, ftriflly fpeaking, no 
 pafiive verbs, butexprcfs fuch verbs by means of auxiliary words. 
 
 As aftions may be confidered as being paft, or prefent, Verbs have tenfes, 
 by which ihefe fenfes are exprefied. TheEnglifn indeed have but two tenfes 
 or times, •viz. the prefent and the preter time; the verb having different 
 endings only 10 exprefs them. 
 
 The prejlnt tenj'e, or time which now is, is expreflied by the verb itfelf, 
 as, 1 1 urn. 
 
 The preterienfe, ortime, called the preterite, is commonly madeby add- 
 ing ^rt' to the prefent tenfe, as burn-ed : but if the prefent tenfc ends in <?, 
 it is made by adding ^only, as lo've., loved. 
 
 Some verbs, whole prefent tenfe ends in d or f, have their preter and pre- 
 fent the fame, as read, had ; but it is to be obferved, that in pronu.i' iation 
 we make a diftiniftion, the prefent being pronounced long, and the prettr 
 fhort ; on which account feveral authors of note have chofen, fordiftini-.don's 
 fake, to write the preter as pronounced; amongft whom is Bolingoroke, 
 who writes the preters oi lead, and rend, Id and r d. 
 
 As adions are to be affirmed of ourfelves, to others, or of others, verbs 
 are faid to have perfcns, which are diltinguifhed by prefixing the pronoun* 
 pfirfonal to them in Englifli, as 
 
 Sin;;ular Pluial 
 
 I 1 burn We burn 
 
 z Thou burned Ye burn 
 
 3 He or ihe burns They burn 
 
 In other languages, either of the p<?rfons are exprefied by an alteration 
 made i') the end of the verb; but in Englifli this takes place only in the An- 
 gular number of the prefent and preter tenfes, accordingtothefubfequent 
 icheme, wherein the endings of each perfon arc exprefied. 
 
 Prefent tenft fingulnr Pvctcr tcnfc fingular 
 
 Perfons i. The verb (d {^ 1 
 
 2, fjl edjl or < dji S- after f final. 
 
 2, eth or s ed (_d ^ 
 
 As the Engliih differs from other languages, with refpefl to its tenfc?, 
 fo it does likevvif*; with vefpect to th*" moodtt 
 
 B 5 " C H A Pi
 
 H A c6MPR£HE!4$IV^ bRA'lV^lMi^k- ®P 
 CHAP. IX. Of M o o D s. 
 
 AMcodh a method made ufe of to exprefs the manner, pcflibilityi 6f- 
 necefiltyofan aftion, together with the inclination of the agent. In the 
 learned languages, thefe different circumftances are exprefled by the altera-, 
 tions madeintheendingsof their verbs; batastheEnglifli does not admit of 
 fuch a changCj it is evident that it has no moods. The manner in which we 
 exprefs theie circumllancesof aftion, is by means cf auxiliary words, and by 
 the place of the nominative. To exprefs the pcJphiUty of a thing, we ufe can{ 
 to' convey the idea ol r.ecejp.ty, we ufe muft, or ought; to exprefs the lihtrty of 
 thefpeaker, we ufe»;flv ; todenote the indinction, we ufe-u;///, or^ouLi; and 
 to fi^nify eommand, perm'ffion^ entreaty, ov exhort ction ox douht, we place the 
 itubilantive alier the verb : as " f.ght the French ; do / underftand V* 
 
 CHAP. X. Of P A R T I C I P L E S. 
 
 As participles are joined to auxiliary or helping verbs, it will be prnpei* 
 (o premife fomething concerning them, that the auxiliary verbs 
 themfelves may be better undcrftood. 
 
 A participle is derived from a verb, and receives its name ^rom partaking 
 both of the natureof a verb and of an adjedive : it partakes of the nature 
 of a verb, becaufe it fignifies being, doing, and fuffering, as a verb does; 
 and partakes of the nature of an adjective, becaufe it v/ill not make fenfe of 
 itfelf : it fignifies barely a quality, and is joined to a fubftantive as an adjec- 
 tive is : thus, in the fentence, " a loHjhig child," the word Ic-jtng is a parti- 
 ciplCj andfignities aftion, a: the verb /o'z;^ itfelf does : it partakes likewifeof 
 the nature cf an adjeflivc, becaufe v/hen the word louing llands by itfelf, it 
 requires fome other word to determine its fenfe, and when joined to the fub- 
 iianti.ve thilt;!, makes a complete fentence. 
 
 There are two participles; one of which is acii^oe, and theother/<5^'Z.'(?. 
 The active participle is made by adding 77?^ to the verbj as bur^if turu-ing \ 
 fcut if the verb ends in ^-mute, the e is omitted, as in lurite, nx}riting\ this is 
 called the aftive participle, becaufe it fignifies aftion. 
 
 The paflive participl;; is made by adding cr/, /, 01 en, to the verb ; as burn^ 
 hurned; Ur.d, lent', heat, beaten. This is called the paflive participle, becaufe 
 when ji,ioed with the verb to be, it makes up the whole paffive voice. 
 The auxiliary verbs are either perfeft or defedive. 
 
 CHAP. XI. Of the defective auxiliary Verbs. 
 Defeflivc aujjiliary verb is that which is not ufed but in its own, orthe 
 prcrer tenfc;, has no participles, and admits of no helping verbs to be- 
 put before it: of this kind arc d:, tvill, Jhall, may, can, with their pretei* 
 tenfes did, luoul I, Jhould^ might, cculd, or /;,«/?. 
 
 When do is ufed as an auxiliary verb, it emphatically denotes Caepre/eni 
 time; and did\.\\t jireter. Thus, I burn, or I burr.d, is more emphatical oi 
 firong when weTay / do hunt, or / did burn. Do and did are formed thus j 
 Singular Plural' 
 
 r I 1 do We do 
 
 Perfofts -j 2 Thou dofl, or you do Ye do, cr you do 
 
 [3 He doth, cr does They do 
 
 j I I did We did 
 
 Perfons ^ 2 Thou didil, or you did Ye did, or you did 
 
 l;3Hedld They did 
 
 ^hall or Will, 
 i Jha'l, thou JJ;ah,c:ycuJhc.ll, heJhalU Piural-, V/e Jlsall, y: Jhalli oryeit 
 /Wj they lha.i. ■ 
 
 6 ■ ' 'iitiilh
 
 T H E E N G L I S H T O N G U E ij 
 
 I •uill, thou at'///, OTyou 'will, he iviU. Plural, /?> ivill, ye or jou nvil!, 
 they w 11. 
 
 To diftinguiihy^^/Zfrom nvill, though they are both ufed toexp-refs fome- 
 thing future, it will be necefiary to obferve, that in the firll per fon /;>«// ex- 
 prefTes a future a£lion ; buc it'/V/promifis or threatens ; thus 1 fljall proceed^ 
 or ixjt Jhall proceed, implies, that our procef;ding is fomething future : but 
 when we fay, /w;"// beat you, or I <wdl pay you, 1 promife or threaten beat- 
 ing, or payment. Again, in the fecond or third perfons,^^i7//comtr,a!^ds, 
 promifes, and threatens ; but 'will barely foretels ; thus when we fay, you 
 Jhall go, we command a perfon to go ; when we fay, you /-«// have your 
 money, we promife to pay a perfon ; and when we fay, he/'^//be hanged, 
 we threaten : but when we fay, he iviU be beaten, they awJrun away, we 
 only foretel fomething that may happen. 
 
 Shall, from the cid vtxhjhalk, cv ftsaldan, Saxon, mAzn's Jhould, which 
 is thus formed, 1 Jkould, thou Jhouldfi , or youjhould, he JhoulJ. Plural, PJ''s 
 Jhoidd, ye or you Jhould, th'^y Jhould. 
 
 Wtlly in the preter tenfe, makes nx.ould, from the old Saxon verb <u'pUe or 
 ijoold, and is declined thus, / ivou'd, thou 'wouldj}, or you 'would, he ivould. 
 f lural. We "jjmdd, ye ox you 'would, the]/ <v.'Ould. 
 
 In order to prevent impropriety, it fliould be obferved, that though both 
 ivould ax\dpoul{zTe ufed to denote what was, or had been to come, yet 
 fwould is only ufed to intimate. the will or intention of the doer ; as, Invould 
 write, i. e. I am willing to write; h\it I Jhould, denotes the bare futurity, 
 or that the thing will be, and the propriety of doing it ; as, I Jhouldwiie, 
 i. e. it is proper for me to write. 
 
 May is declined thus, I might, fhouird^htejl, or you might, he might. Plaral. 
 We might, ox you wight, they might. 
 
 May comes from the Saxon migan, to be able, and rrdght, its preter, 
 from might, the preter in the Saxon, 
 
 / ma^, thou mayd, or you may, he may. We may, ye or you may, they may. 
 Ca:i forms could, in the preter, and is thus declined ; / car., thou canjl or 
 you can, he can. Plural, PFe can, ye or you can, they can. 
 I could, thou couldjl, &c. like Jhould. 
 
 Though both can and could intimate the power of doir.g a thing, yet 
 they differ in this, that 7nay and might implies the right, lawfulnefs, or 
 poflibility of a thing; as I ?>iight write, implies it right, lawful, or poilible 
 for me to write. But can or could are ufed only to imply fafHciency of power 
 or ftrength fordoing a thing; as, I can write, or, 1 could wrhe ; i. e. 1 had 
 pov\tr lufficient, or was able to write. 
 
 Muji, which comes from the Saxon moi9, and ought, are thus declined. I 
 tnuj}, thou muJl, i^c. without any variation in the perfons. I ought, thou 
 ought eji or you ought, he ought, <jfc. both thefe words imply necellity or 
 duty. Miijl is ufed with relation both to the future and prefent time ; but 
 cughi to the prefent time only; but ifhav:' follows either v;«y? or ought, they 
 tlien relate to the time paft; as, I ouoht to have done it, /. e. it is fit I 
 fhould ha've done it at fome time pali. 
 
 Of the perfeft helping or auxiliary Verbs. 
 
 THE perfedt helping verbs are have, am, or he : they called perfedl 
 verbs, becaufe they may be joined with other auxiliary verbs, and 
 are ufed in mo.'l of the tsnfes. Thefe verbs we have borrowed from the 
 Saxon and Gochic languages. When have is uiti. as an auxiliary, it de- 
 notes the time in which any pafl aflion was done, and is thus declined ; I 
 have, xhonhajl, he htiih. Plural, We ha^-j:, ye hc'ue, they have. Its per- 
 it-^'^kad, ami \z declined after the following manner > I hjtd, thou hadjl, 
 
 B 4. or
 
 f I A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR O F, S:c. 
 
 or you had, he hati. Plural, We had, ifc. When had\s prefixed to another 
 verb, it denotes that the a*flion is juft part ; as, •' I bj've dined," /. e. the 
 adlion of dining is juil pall, /^a^/denote^, that an adlion was pad before 
 another which was pafl lik.ewife; as, " When Peterc ame to my houfe, 1 had 
 dined;*' ?. c. the aftion of dini g was pafl, before that of Peter's arrival, 
 though paft likewife, Had is likiewife ufed to lignify the time pafl: of an 
 a(5tion not done, bac intt.;.ded to be done ; as, " I had gont thither, but 
 Peter prevented me ;" /. t. the adion of going thither was intended, and 
 would have beep part, had it not been for Peter's prevention. In this fenfe 
 the fecond part of the fentence begins with but, as in the example pro- 
 duced. YVhan Jha' I or -u/'/ is added to have, it denotes the time that is not, 
 but will be pail ; as, " I Jhall have burned it," I w/// ha^fje tranfcribed it an 
 hour hence. 
 
 As the Englifn, properly fpeaking, have no verbs pafiive, this defefl is 
 fupplied by adding am or he, to the participle paffive : thus in lo-ve, the 
 participle paffive becomes a kind of verb pafiive, when joined with am, as 
 / am In-vid, Yet as am is a very irrreguiar verb, it v/ill no: be unnecefi'ary 
 to add the manner in which it is declined in the prefent and preter tenfes. 
 In the prefent tenfe it is declined thus; Angular, / «.•«, thou art, or yon 
 are, he is : plural, t: e are, &c. or, / he, thou b^'Ji, he be : plural, lue be, ye be, 
 &c. In the preter, we decline thus, 1 'was, thou nxjaft, or you luere^ he nxias ; 
 plural, ive nvere, ye 'txere, or you niuere. See. or I •uuere, thou ~u;^rt, he 'Were > 
 plural, v.'c ivere, ye tvere, they 'vjcre. 
 
 This verb makes to be in the infinitive ; the aflive participle is being ; 
 and the paflive participle been ie, be'' jl and iicsre iu rt, are generally ule^ 
 after the conju nations if, that, although, &:c. as, if I be then at home ; although 
 J fi-'uU be at hiine ; admi ting that 1 nxiere your trcihcr. Et is ufed after let ; 
 as Lt him he qitiei. The irregular vprbs are fo numerous, that a particular 
 detail of them would take up too much room in this treatife ; but as this 
 ominion is already fupplied in the fubfequcnt fheets, we may be excu!cd for 
 not producing them here. The reader, whether a native or a foieigncr, 
 whether male or female, whether learned or unlearned, may eafily compre- 
 hend what has b'jen delivered in the foregoing pages, a.id be abandriutly 
 guarded by thcrr., either from a vitious pronunciation, or an impropriety of 
 
 ^1^^' ' ' ' 
 
 TH E
 
 THE 
 
 Royal Engliih D16lionary. 
 
 A The firfl letter of the alphabet in ' 
 all known languages, excepting 
 the ^thiopic, in which it is 
 • the thirteenth. It is the firft 
 and eafieft pronounced by children in their in 
 fancy, one of the five vowels in the Englifli 
 language, and has three different founds, viz. 
 thtjlemhr, open, and broad. A (lender, pe- 
 culiar to the Englifh, re'.embles the French e 
 ina.'c"'lne, <jr 'heir a in ^a\s\ as alfo in the 
 Engiiili words, plocs, face, and in all thole 
 wh'ch terminate in at'ion, as nation. A open, 
 like the a of the Italians, .s founded in fci- 
 ther, .Abroad, is ibuniied in talk and ivalk, 
 Jike the au in j aitfe. A is fhort in gla(s i^ni 
 fancf ^nd ir ger.erat'y m-!delon£ by an e final, 
 as plane, or by the addiiior. of an /, z% plain. 
 When placed before nouns of the fmgular 
 number^ i'. Jc-nf-es one, as a To:t\, i. e. one 
 man 5 or fignifies fnmeti-ing indefinite, as, a 
 vmn m.!y pafs this w ly, that is, any man. 
 Belore a word bejj'nning with a vowel, we 
 write an, as an ox, and likrwiie Het'ore an h 
 filent, a? an he-b ; b«r wKfn the h is founded, 
 we thr;, wr.ie .z, a-^ n h "'-:, Before a par- 
 ticiple it denotes fome action ni ; yc ;" ii(h -H, 
 as, lam a walking. Formerly it was a con 
 traflion nf at, as Thomas a Bectcet, f;ir at 
 Eecket. Sometinics it fij;nihes to, as, " a 
 hun'.ing Chloe went," in Prior It his like- 
 wife a peculiar fignification implying Mr'', lis, 
 he gains a hundred pounds a year. In abb-e- 
 viations, with a ftroke over it thus, [ A ] it 
 flood for 5000 among the Romans. With 
 logicians, it denotes an univerfal affirmative 
 propofnion. On the infcriptions of marbles 
 it ftands for Aagujius, ager, aiunt ; when 
 double, Auguft't; when triple, auro, ar^enfo, 
 isre, i.e. gold, filver, brafs. On the reverfe 
 of ancient medals, it fignifies that they we'e 
 ftriick at Argos, or Athens; on modern'', at 
 Paris. Among meiciiani!!, if fet alooe after a 
 
 ABA 
 
 bill of exchange, it fi^n'xiits accepted, and is 
 ufed by thern to diftinguiih their lets of ac- 
 compts imiead o( a figure : thus, A, B, C, are 
 inftead of i, 2, 3. a, or aa, is ulcd by phy- 
 ficians inflead of ana, and fignifies that the 
 proportions of the ingredients, to which it 
 refers, are to be equal. In abbreviations it 
 ftands likewife for Artium, or Ar:s, as A- B. 
 artium bacalaureus, or bachelor of arts j when 
 applied to time, for anno, A M. anno mundi, 
 the year of the world, A. D. anno domini, 
 the year of our Lord. A in Mufic, is that 
 note which lies between the 2d and 3d line in 
 the Treble; or upon the top, or 5th line in 
 the Bais. 
 
 A'AM, S. a ipejfure madeufeofin the 
 Low Countries; which, when filled with 
 common v/ater, weighs 28S pounds, and 
 makes 14S ^. Paris pints ; in Englifh it 
 
 makes the fame number of pints as it weighs 
 pounds. 
 
 A'ARON, S. [Heb. a mountaineer, or 
 teaclier] the brother of Mofes, the firil high- 
 prieft o; the Jews, in whofe family that dig- 
 niy W..S hereditary. 
 
 Al.', ut the beginning of Engliih Saxon 
 names, is 'eneraliy a contradlion oi abhct, or 
 abhan, and fhews that they eitiicr ha-! an ab- 
 bey, or belonged to om;, as Abingdon. 
 
 AB, S. [Heb. fa iher I thu eleventh month 
 of the civil, and the fifth of the ecclefi- 
 jftical year of the Jews. It anfweis to our 
 July. On the fnft they faft, in commemora- 
 tion of Aaron's dea h ; ontlieninh, for the 
 burning of the temp'-, cf Solomon by the 
 Chaldeans j ana likewife o;, .iLcmmtof Adri- 
 ^n's edifb, by which they w.-:v iv^nirtnid from 
 Jeiufdlcm; andon the eight<.,;nili,becaure the 
 lamp in the fanftuary was thai night extin- 
 guilhed, in the reign of Aii.iz. 
 
 AI>A'CA, S. [Ferf J an Indian plant in 
 the Philippines, fawn every year, and when 
 
 gather'
 
 ABA 
 
 gathered Aeeped in water, an<i beaten like 
 hemp. The white makes very fine linen, but 
 the grey is ufed only in cordage. 
 
 '^«'^',S^' ^ Adv. backwards. Obfolete. 
 
 A'BACOT, S. a cap of ftate, in form of a 
 double crown, worn by ancient Engliiii kings . 
 
 ABA'CTED, Part, [yiltaflus, Lat. driven 
 away] Law term, driven away by Health, or 
 violence. 
 
 ABA'CTOR, S. [AbaBor, Lat.] in Law, 
 one who drives away cattle in herds, either by 
 ftealth or violence, in oppofition to thofe who 
 fleal onlv a fheep or two. 
 
 ABA'CUS, [Phonic. Habak, dufl] among 
 Mathematicians, a table covered with duft, 
 on which the ancients ufed to draw their 
 fchenies, or write their figures ; hence. 
 
 A'BACUS Pytki:gorkus, or Pythagorean 
 abacus, fignined a table of numbers ufed for 
 the more eafily conveying tlie fi:!! elements of 
 arithmetic, and derived its name from Pytha- 
 goras the inventor, 
 
 ABA'CUS, S. in Architefture, the upper- 
 moft member of the capital of a pillar, ori- 
 ginally intended to rcprcfent a fqiure tile laid 
 over a bafket. Its form varies in the dift'ereni 
 ordeis. In the Tufcan, Doric, and ancient 
 Ionic, it refembles the tile its original. In the 
 richeroiders, fuch as the Corinthian and Com- 
 pofite, its fouriidea are arched, or cut inwards 
 v.'ith fome ornament, as a rofe, or a fifli's tail, 
 in the middle of each arch. 
 
 ABA'DDON, S. [H-b. a deftroycr] the 
 name given in the Revelations to the king of 
 locufts, an infernal angel ; and one of the 
 names of Satan. 
 
 ABA'FT, Adv. {/Ihaftan, Ss\-. behind] 
 that [virt of a fliip which Is towards the hinder 
 part or flern, including all the fo.ae from 
 thence to the fore-maii, ufualiy allotte.l to 
 the roafler and captain. Sttittly fpciking, 
 the ftern is only the ou;fide, but abaft includes 
 both inf.de and outfide. 
 
 ABAl'SANCt', S. [Aha^jer, Fr. to deprefs 
 or bring dov^u j an acf of refpe£t paid to a per- 
 fon by a bow, &c. now wrote o/^fi/awce, though 
 cortiiptly, according to Skinner. 
 
 To ABA'LIENATE, V. Acl. [.t'-aticro, 
 Lat. J in Civil law, to make that another's 
 which was our own before; to tiansfer pro- 
 perty from one ucrfon to another. 
 
 ABALIEN.VTION, S. [AlaVtenat]o,Lii.] 
 the att of transferring one's ri^ht to another. 
 In the Roman law, the things ^transferred 
 were (liled res mar.apU, the pcrfons capable of 
 f-iirchafin^ were Roman citizens, or foreigners 
 by particular indulgence ; the manner in which 
 it was performeil, was either by weights, ready 
 money, or furrender before a m.i(»i(>r«ic. 
 
 To AB'ANU, V. Aft. [con'trafted from 
 abandon, now obfolete] to forfake. '• And Vor- 
 " tigern enfo'Ccd the kingdom to ahar.d." 
 Taery S<ueen. 
 
 To ABA'NDON, V. Aa. \ahandonncr, 
 
 ABA 
 
 Fr. from abardonnare. It. to forfake ona's 
 colours, bandum in Italian fignifying an enfign \ 
 or rather from the Saxon ia/ia, deflruftion oi" 
 a curfej to give up, refign, or quit, followed 
 by the paiticle to ax aver, before i fubftantive j 
 to forfake or cafl oft'. 
 
 ABA'NDONED, Part. Adj. [ftom aban- 
 dcn] given up, forfaken, deferted. 
 
 ABA'NDONER, S. [from abandon] the 
 perfon guilty of forfaking or deferting. 
 
 ABA'NDONING, S. [ttom abundo's] the 
 aft of deferting or forfaking. 
 
 ABA'NDONMENF, S. [abandinr.emenf, 
 Fr.J the aft of forfaking. 
 
 ABA'NDUxM, S. [/»-;'.'^, Sax.] in Law, any 
 thing fequeftered, confifcated, or denounced to 
 be forfeited, 
 
 ABA'NET, S. [Heb.] a kind of girdle 
 worn by the Jewifti priefts. 
 
 ABANNI'TION, S. [abannlm, cor. Lat.] 
 a banifiiment for one or two years, on account 
 of man-llaufhter. 
 
 ABAPTI'STON, S. [AQaitmrm, from * 
 not, and (Jiir":-.;, Gr. to fink under] in Surgery, 
 the perforating past of an inftrument cil.'ed a 
 trepan, which derives its name from its bting 
 contrived io, as to hi kept from finking into 
 the brain, when the (kull is cut through. 
 
 To AB'ARN.'VRE, V. Aft. [Sax.] in Lasr, 
 to inform ; to difcover a fecret crime to a 
 magiflrate. 
 
 ABARTICULA'TION. [from ab from> 
 vinA arf.cutusy Lat. a joint] an apt ronftruc- 
 tion of the bones, by wi)ich they can readily 
 perform their tunftions, and move itrongly 
 and eafily, as in the thighs, arms. Sec. 
 
 AB'AS, S. [Perf.] a wtight ufed in Perfia 
 tor weighing pearls, being an eighth part 
 iighrer 'han the European carat. 
 
 ToABA'SE, V. Aft. [al'H'JI'tyyVr.from. 
 f>as, low, or / tjjtty Lat. a foundation] lo hum- 
 ble ; to bring down j to deprefs ; to lower. 
 At fe.i, it denotes to (Irike, take in, or lower 
 a flag, in token of fubmiflion. 
 
 ABA'SED, Adj. [from abafe] brought 
 down; humbled. In Heraldry, it denotes the 
 top of the wings of any bird to look down- 
 wards towards the point of the fhield, or ell's 
 to be fiiur, A chevron, pale, or bend are a- 
 bafedy wiien their poi'its terminate in or be- 
 low the center of the fliield. 
 
 ABA'SEMENT, S. [.i'^aiJJhr.ent,Ti-.] the 
 aft of bringing, or ftate of being brought low j 
 deprefTion. 
 
 ABA'^SI, S. [Perf.] afilvercoinlnPerfia, 
 which takes its name from Sbab Abbas II. 
 tlie inventor. 
 
 To ABA'SH, V. Aft. [■verhaef/en, Dutch, 
 to aftor.ifhj to affeft with fudncn (hame, or 
 confufion ; to d.>ftl. '* They heard and were 
 a'a/hed." Mn'ion, The paffive is followed by 
 the pariicies at or cf. 
 
 To ABA'TE, V. Aft. {ahattn, Fr. to 
 beU down] to lefTen or diminifh ; to dejeft, 
 ,or dcpTcls rbe ir.ind. Ja Commerc-s, to lower 
 
 or
 
 ABB 
 
 W fclien the price of goods either in buying 
 or felling. 
 
 To ABA'TE, V.N, togrowlefs: fome- 
 limes ufed with the particles/" before the thing 
 leflem-d. " Abated o^ their virulence." Dryd. 
 
 To ABA'TE, V. in common law, ufed both 
 aflivcly andneuterly; aftively, it implies to 
 beat, or pull down; todtftroy; to defeat, or 
 overthrow a Writ on account of fome errors, or 
 to ftep into the polTefiion of land b:tvveen the 
 former poflelfor, and ins next fiiiviving heir. 
 In the neuter fignification, it denotes, to be 
 J'ruftr-ted, overthrown, or difabJed. 
 
 To ABA'TE, V. A. in Horfemanfhip, is 
 spplied to the curvets of a horfe, which is faid 
 to abate his curvet?, when he puts his two 
 hind legs upon the ground both at once, ob- 
 ferving the fame exaSneft always. 
 
 AxBA'TELEM, S. [Fr.] the ccnful's pro- 
 hibition of trading, ilfued againfl: al! French 
 merchants in the Levant, who do not difcharge 
 their debts, or ftand to their bargain, 
 
 ABA' TEMEN'T, 5. [from abate] the aft 
 of remitting or abating ; the (fate of a perfon 
 who is deprived of a poft ; the caufe of abat- 
 ing ; extenuation. In Law, the aft of the 
 abator. In Heraldiy, fomething added to a 
 "Coat of arms, to diminilh its dignity, and is 
 either by diminution, or reverfion. In Com- 
 merce, ai-aterr.eni denotes the al'owance given 
 any trader in the price of goods, for prumpt 
 payment, when he might have inhfted on cre- 
 dit. At the cuftom houfe, the word is ufed 
 for an allowance made for the damage re- 
 ceived by the goods delivered in. 
 
 ABa'TER, S. [Lat.j one who abates or 
 allows of an abatemeht. 
 
 ABA'TOR, S. [Lat.] in Law, one who 
 enters on a lioiife or land, void by the death 
 nf the laft poficffor, before the heir takes 
 pofTcflion. 
 
 AB A'TUDE, S. [in old records] any thing 
 "dimini/hed. 
 
 ABATURES, S. [from abate] in Hunt- 
 ing, the fprigs of grals beat down by a ftag in 
 his paflage. 
 
 To ABA'Y, or ABE'Y, [from J?//y, the 
 letter a beirg added, according to Skinner] in 
 Law, to fuffer a great penalty j to purchafc, or 
 pay dear for. " You Ihall fore al>ay it," 
 Ci^auc. 
 
 ABB, S the yarn of a weaver's warp. 
 
 ABB-'vVOOL, S. a compound word ufed 
 in the fame fenfe as the former. 
 
 ABB'A, S [Syr. a Scripture word, fignify- 
 ing father] " The Spirit, whereby wecry yfi- 
 ij, Father," Rom. viii. 15. At firft a teirn 
 of affe£tion both in the Hebrew and Chaldaic, 
 but at length became a title of digniiy, very 
 much atiedtd by the Jew:lh doflors, as is 
 evident from Thrift's forbidding his difciples 
 to call any man tht'u father upon e^rth. 
 
 ABBa'CY, or ABBA'THEY, S. [yJlba- 
 :':a, Lat.] the lights, privHege";, crjurifdiiiion 
 «f an abboii 
 
 ABB 
 
 AB8 A'TIS, S. in old records, the Rcmti 
 of the ftables or groom. 
 
 A'BBER, S. [Brit.] the mouth or fall of 
 a river, prefixed to the names cf towns fituated 
 in fuch circumftances. 
 
 A'SBESS, S. [ahutejfa, Lat. from whence 
 ahiideJJ'a, S^x. and thence by contradion ab- 
 bejfe, Fr.] the fupcrior or governefs of a nun- 
 nery r>f women. 
 
 A'EBEY, S. {Abhat\a, Lat. ahaie, Fr.] a 
 religious houfe governed by an abbefs whea 
 appropriated to the fair fex, and by an abboc 
 v.'hen inhabited by men. The privileges of 
 thefe places were formerly fo great, that thef 
 were exempted from the viutation of the bi- 
 /hop, and were a faniluary for any malefaftor 
 after the commifiion of the moft atrocioa* 
 crimes. Prior to the Reformation, one third 
 of the benefices of England were appropriated 
 tCrthem ; and at the difiblution of them by 
 Hen. VIII, there were 190 of them, whofe re- 
 venues were between 2Co/. and 35000/. pet 
 annum (according to biihop Burnet) which, at 
 a medium, amounted to 2,8 <; 3 000/. yearly. 
 
 A'BBEY- LUBBER, S. [compounded of 
 abbey and luhbed, Dan. fat.] a (Jothful loiterer 
 in a religious hou!e, under pretence of fan'Siity 
 and auftetity, •< No huge over-grown ahbej^ 
 lubber." Span- Fryar. 
 
 ABBO'T, S. \a'iud Qt ebbod, Sax from ah^ 
 Heb. father, abbots being fliled patres, or 
 fathers ; and abbefles, matres, or iriothers] the 
 chief or fuperiorof an abbey inhabited by the 
 male fex. They were at firft laymen, fubje£L 
 to the bifl;op, and had no fhare in ecclefia.lical 
 altair', were men of great plainnefs and fimpli- 
 city, and were contented with the government 
 or their own monafteriesv At length they were 
 allowed a priefl: nut of their own body, and 
 fome of them having rendered themfelvescon- 
 fpicuous for their learning, they were called 
 from their obfcurity, and affe£ted indepen^'. 
 dcncy, which was at laft granted them, after 
 great oppofition. Hence arofe the new diftinc- 
 tion of abbots mitred or not mitred, croziercd 
 or not croziered. The mitred abbots were 
 exempt from the jurifdi(ftion of the diocefan, 
 and inverted with epifcopal authority withia 
 their fevcral precindts, and in England were 
 lords of parliament, of which Camden reckons 
 twenty-five, ss may be feen in Gibfnn's edi- 
 tion, p. 242, The unmitred abbots were 
 fubjeft to the vifitation of the diocefan. 
 Crox'crcd a'ibcts are thofe who bore the crozier 
 or paftoral ftaf^', and uricrocered thofe who 
 did nor. It is likev/ife an honorary title 
 borne by magiftrates, which was anciently af- 
 fumed by perfons who had net the lead con- 
 cern with a monallic life. Thus Philip I. 
 Louis VI. and the dukes of Orleans, were 
 called abbots of St. Agnan, 
 
 To ABBPvE'VIATE, V. A. [abbrn>;are, 
 Lat. to Ihorten] to /horten by omiflion of 
 the lefs important parts; to abridge; to fhor- 
 ^(.n b^ coatiadlion. Figuratively, to cut fhort. 
 
 " Our
 
 A B D 
 
 ** Our livei ?rc abbreviated into hundreds and 
 
 {Cfflf,''^ Br-1U>^^i Vulg. Err. 
 
 ABBREV iH'riON, S. [!"rcm abbreviau] 
 the z€t ot fhorttii.ng, by dropping fome lei 
 ters ot a word, or iubftituring marks in thei- 
 ftead. Phyficiansxrijke ufe of them both tor 
 fpeed and ivivftery. Aq. mcnth. I'or Aqua 
 ihenihse, mipt w^ter. 
 
 AEBREVJA'TOR, S. \M>e-viatiur,Yr.] 
 one who (oort. ns or abridges. 
 
 ABBREVIA'TURE, S. \ahbre^..i2te] » 
 mark ultd for the lake of fliorteiiiMp, as D f(.r 
 five hundred. Figurolivelj', a compeofiiurr,, 
 or abrideeiT.e^it. " An excellent ujhri-uiatuie 
 of the whole duty." Tii^hr'^ Guide. But this 
 is 2 lenfe in wh'ch it is feldom ufed at prefent. 
 ABBREUVOIR, S. [Frfnch, from hrou- 
 neen, Dut. o; Li .. jk, Six. to hoilj a waCeririj: 
 place, now oblclctc. Cut in iVIafonry ftill uleii 
 lor ;he place wheie two flones join, which is 
 filled up with mort.ir oi cement, 
 
 ABBRO'CH, V. a. \obb,ocher,Tt.Uom 
 cb, from, anJ b'ocLe, a ipit, i. e. to fnatcb oft 
 the fpitj in Law, to biiy up, or engiol's any 
 corr.inodities, in order to fell ihtm again, be- 
 tore they hive bren brought to or expo fed in 
 a market. M ^'. 'Tefb. Ediv HI. 
 
 ABERf/CHMi NT, S. [abhr^c3ttttr.:un!, 
 Lai. fee To ABBRO'CHj the ad of fore- 
 fl.vllir.e. 
 
 ABBUTTA'LS, S. [abbuio, c( r. Lat. <ji- 
 ttit^r, Fr. to bound, from ^t^;, f r. a b und or 
 end] in Law, the buttinps or bourdir.gs o! 
 Ian.!?, (hewing on what other lands they are 
 bounded The fides a^e laid to lay bordering, 
 but the ends are faid, picperly, abutting, or 
 abuu'.cing. Cjmd. 
 
 A'EDA, S [Heb. a ferv^ntj a fcriptuie 
 appellative, or proper name. " Adoiliram Ion 
 of j^hda." I K:r:fs iv. 6. 
 
 ABDA'LS, S."rFerf.J a kind of furiou? 
 entniifirffts m Afia, who frequently lun about 
 the ftreeif, killing all tliey met. 
 
 AF.DELA'VJ, S. in Botany, the Egyptian 
 melon. 
 
 ABrERl'TE, S. [I'rom y^bdera, the name 
 of a fcd-town in Thace] an inhabitant of 
 Abdcra, ajiplied by way ol emphafis, to fignify 
 Democritus, who wss bom there. 
 
 AbDERl.AN, A.j. ftrom ,4bdea] Abde- 
 r':a:: h-jgi.'.cr, by medicr-l wriicrs, ufed to de 
 rote iiictllant laughter, in allufion to that of 
 Dcmocritus of .'\!>t!cra, who always laughed 
 at the tollies ot mankini. 
 
 ABPE'liT, S. fArjS.J a kind of ablution, 
 or wafliing, ufed by the Mrh::mmedans, Kefo'e 
 prayer, at -.ntcring their molqucs, or reading 
 the Koran. 
 
 Ar-DE'VEXIIAM, S. a term ufed in Af- 
 tror.oniv for the V.cri uf ihc twelfth houfe. 
 
 A'JjDL S. filsb. my fcrvant j tlie fa- 
 ther of Cis, the Lcvite, mentioned zli<tf;/. 
 sxix. 12. 
 
 To A'DDICATE, V. A. [abduo, Lat.J to 
 
 ADD 
 
 renounce, rsf-gn, withdraw from, or volun- 
 tarily to forfake an office. 
 
 ABDICA'TION, S. [abdUatlo, Lat.] the 
 & whereby a perfon in office renounces the 
 lame, before the legal time of fervite is expired. 
 Ic differs trom refignation, becaufe that implies 
 he quitting the olTite in favour of another, 
 but ihis does not. Thus James IL is faid to 
 h^ve rd'duJ'ed \\\<t crown 5 but Philip IV. of 
 Spain tu have ref.gr.ed it, becaufe he did it in 
 lavour of his fucctflbr, 
 
 ABDI'EL, S. [Heb. the fervant of God] 
 the proper name of a perfon mentioned 
 1 ChroH, V. 15. ♦' Ahi, fon of Abdiel, chief 
 of the houfe." 
 
 ABDITO'PvlUM, S. [Lat.] in old records, 
 a place in which goods or money were preferv- 
 ed in thurclies, or a cheft wherein reliques 
 were depofited. Mon. ying. 173. 
 
 ABDOTvlEN, S. {abdo,!:en, Lat. froip abdo, 
 to hide, or from ahdo, and omentum, Lat. the 
 caulj The cavity called the lower i/tlly, which 
 contains the ftomach, £uts, fpleen, bladder, 
 and in'eflines. It is divided ir.to three lefs 
 cavities or regions, termed the epigafliium ; 
 the umbilicus, or regio umbilicalis ; and the 
 hypogjftrium. It is lined on the infide with 
 a t.hin, fnft membrane, called the peritonsum, 
 which keeps the vifcera in their places. On 
 the ouifide it is dct'ended by five pair of mul- 
 cles, which nut only preserve the vifcera from 
 cafualtie.-, bu: likewife by their alternate re- 
 laxations and coniraiftionf, prumote digeftion, 
 and evacuate the fceces. 
 
 ABDO'MINAL, ? Adj. [abdomen] feated 
 ABDO'MiNOUS, ^ in or oeionging to the 
 abdomen. Pauncli-^ellied; unwielay, but 
 now feldom ufed by any but medical au- 
 thors. 
 
 To AB'DUCE, V. Aa. [ahducp, Lat. to 
 draw fromj to craw away, or move from one 
 place or pofi! ion to another. " ]( weabducexne 
 e-,e upon eilher corner." Brozvn's Vulg. Err, 
 This word ftarcrly ever occurf, unlefs in me- 
 dical or fcientific authors. 
 
 ABDU'CF.NT, Part. [iTon\ ahduce] indued 
 with a power of drawing, or pulling back. The 
 abducent mujdcs .ire thole which pull back the 
 parts to which they are joined ; when applied 
 to the hand, they are thofe mnicles which are 
 made uie of to open it, when fhut. 
 
 ABDU'CllON.S. [J'dua:o, Lit. airavr. 
 ing, deducing fromj in logic, is an argument, 
 wherein the major is evident, but the minor 
 i'.ands in need of further proof. Thus in this 
 lyllogilm: "All, whom God abfolves, are 
 need from fm : (which is the major) but 
 Godabfolvtsallsvhoare inChrift (theminor); 
 therefore, all, who are in Chrift, are freed from 
 fin (the concluficn)." The major, that, all 
 ivbom Cod ahjolves are f>etd from Jin, is evident j 
 but the minor, that, God abjoh'es all ivbo a>e 
 in C/jriH, is not, aid therefore ftands in need 
 ot the following piopofjtion to prove it, name- 
 
 « ly. 

 
 ABE 
 
 ly, that God received (zthfa&ion for f n by 
 the fufierings of Chrift, In furgery, it figni- 
 iies a fradure, uherein the ends of the bones 
 recede from each other. 
 
 ABDU'CTOR, S, [Lat.] in •Anatomy, ap- 
 plied to thofe i-nuicles which draw back the 
 parts to which they are joined. j^hduBor au- 
 rlcularis, or the abduEior of the Ji'ttle finger, is 
 the mulcle which is inferted in the firft bone, 
 and ferves to draw it from the reft, and bend 
 it a Hitle. Jlbdufior Ind'uis, or the mufcle 
 which draws baclt tlie lore-finger, is infertrd 
 ill the fiiit Pone of that finger, and draws it 
 towards the thumb. AbduFtor minimi digiti 
 manus^ or tee drawer-oack of the little finger j 
 already described, wnder the terms a^duBo' 
 tturicularis. The ahduBor mirdm digiti pedi:, 
 er the little toe, is irferted in its fcccnd bone, 
 and pulis it trom the reft. The Abduclor oculi, 
 or abduclor of the eye, is one of the four muf- 
 cles, which rifcs from the bottom of the orbit, 
 and draws the eye towards the outward can- 
 thus or corner. The AbduBor fjollicis, or of 
 the thumb, ftiled likewiie thenar, makes the 
 flefliy body, called by anatomifts, mons LunJe, 
 or mountain of the moon, and drav.s the 
 thumb from the fingers. The AbduB.r />cllici: 
 fedis, or mufcie which draws the great toe, is 
 that which draws it from the reft. 
 
 ABECEDA'RIAN, S. [abecedarius, Lat.] 
 one who teaches the alphabet or firft' rudiments 
 of learning. " Firnaby was reduced, by his 
 misfortunes, to follow the trade of ^n A!>c:eda- 
 rian.'"'' li'^ocd. Ath. Ox'jn, Now out of ul'e. 
 
 ABECE'DARY, Adj. belonging to, or in- 
 fcrlbed with, the letters of the alphabet. *•' Jn 
 the Center of two abecedary ciicics, or rings of 
 letters." Biown^ l-'ulg. Err. Scaice ever 
 ufed by any authors at prefent. 
 
 ABE'D, Adj. [from a contraflcd from at 
 and bed.] In bed. See A. 
 
 ABhDNE'GO, S. [Heb. a fervant of light] 
 the name given byNebuihadntzzar C;) Azarias, 
 whom he likewife made his minifter, and 
 afterwards ordered to be thrown into the fiery 
 furnace. " He gave to Azari.is the name of 
 Abfdnego.^' Dan i. 7. 
 
 A'BEL, S. [Heb. frail, mortal, unftablc] 
 the fecond fon of Adam, mentioned Gi.«. 
 iv. 2. a fhepherd of unblemilhed integrity, 
 and approved by the Deity, but w.s through 
 envy iiain by nis brother Cain. 
 
 ABELi'TlON, S. the licence given to a 
 criminal to defift trom profecutlon. Harris. 
 
 ABENA'QJJIES, S. the French name for 
 the Owenagungas, North- England, or eaftern 
 Indians in America. 
 
 ABENAQUi'SE, S. an Indian tribe on the 
 back parts 01 Nova Scotia. 
 
 A'Bi:.R, or A'BBER, S. [Brit.] the fall, or 
 emptying a ietfcr water into a greater, as of a 
 hrook into a rivr, ti e mouth of a rivar ; 
 hence feveral towns fituated on or near the 
 mouih of riveis generally derive the firft 
 
 ABE 
 
 part of their names, as Aber comeay, Sec, 
 
 A'BER-RROTH, S. f from ^/w, Brit, the 
 mouth, broth, or brofhock] a royal hu'gh, ia 
 the fhire of Angus in Scotland, famous for its 
 mineral waters. I. at. 56. ceg. 36. min, Long, 
 25. deg. 2 min, W. 
 
 ABERDE'EN, or ABERDO'N, S, [from 
 Aber, Brit, a mou'h, and Dm or Don, the 
 names of two rivers] the nam? of tv,o places 
 in the counties of Aberdeen or Mar ; the one 
 feated on the river Den, th-:- other Dse, vmd 
 ftiled 0!d jna Ntta. Old Aberdeen is enno- 
 bled by being a bifhop's lee, which wis tranf- 
 lattrd from IVlurflake by K. D.ivid 1. Jn I ico*. 
 The King's colh-ge here, fo called from James 
 IV. is a very neat, if not ftately edifice. The 
 river Don, on which this city is fituated, is 
 remarkable for i's abounaicg in falmon and 
 peJch. A mile fouthward from hence lies 
 New Aberdeen, on the tiver Dee, as it- name 
 imports ; both thefe towns, taken together, 
 form one city, whith furpafTrs all in the north 
 lor largenefs and beauty. It Itands in i fine 
 air 5 its inhabitants are well-bred, and the 
 houfes well-built, moll ly of ftone, and four 
 llories high. The greateft ornament to this 
 city is the Marefcha! college, or academy, ori- 
 ginally a Francifcan friery, built by George 
 Keith, earl-mavfhal in 1693, but enlarged and 
 hesutified fince bythecity. This is the capital 
 of the /heriftdom, a royal burgh, and gives the 
 title of earl to an ancient branch of the family 
 of Gordons. It has a gTcat revenue from its 
 falmon filliery, produces excellent linen, and 
 has a good manufa£luie for thread and worfted 
 ftcckings. It has a great exportation for pick- 
 led pork, which isrepiittd the bed cored, for 
 long voyages, of any in Europe ; and on that 
 account vidtiiah moft of the Dutch Eaftlndia 
 fhips. In the middle of the city is a fpring, 
 called the Aberdonian fpaw, from its being 
 fimilar to that in the bifhepric of Liege, both 
 in tafte and quality. 
 
 ABERDE'EN-SHIRF., S. [from Aberdetf!, 
 3-n d fey r, or fcyre, Sax. a portion or province, 
 from fcyriin Sdx, to divide into portion?, or 
 parts] a county in the middle dlvifion of 
 Scotland, bounded on the (wv.ih with part of 
 Angus and Merns, or rather with the river 
 Dte and the Grandbains; on the N. W. by 
 part of B.inift" {hire ; on the N. by part of 
 Murray j on the E. by the German ocean j 
 and on the W. hy the river Spey, and part of 
 Badenoch ; being in length, according to 
 Templeman, 73 rr.iles, but 46 only accord* 
 ing to Gibfon's Camden; in breadth it is zZ, 
 and in area 1 179 fquare miles. The foil pro- 
 duces corn, particularly barley, rye, and oat3, 
 in great plenty. The hilly parts abound in 
 eagles, and are covered with firs and oaks. 
 It ha-: quarries ofviriegated marble, lime-flone 
 and ftjte. Its livers yield muHVIs, containing 
 large pearls of a tolerable g.od colour ; the 
 winters are more gen'le than could be e«-
 
 ABE 
 
 A B I 
 
 ftliei ; and It has fprings of alum-wafer, sndfare mafters of all its b?.ys and ports. 
 
 eins of flonc, from whence alum boils 
 
 ABERFRA'VV, S. [Abcr. Brit, a mouth, 
 and Fraw, the river's name] a fmall village in 
 Anglefea, N. Wales; formerly the royal feat 
 of the kings of Guynedh, or N. Wales, thence 
 ftilcd kings oi Aberfranu, The refloiy is in 
 the gift of the prince of Wales. 
 
 ABE'RRANCE, or ABE'RRANCY, S 
 [Aberro, Lat. to wander from the right wayj 
 a deviation from the truth, an error, miflake, 
 or falfe opinion. " Alter the crafis o'i his 
 nnderftanding, and render it as obnoxious to 
 oberrances, as now." Ghniilk^t Seep, Sclent. 
 This term is not ufed at prefent, 
 
 ABE'RR ANT, Part. [Aberram, Lat. wan- 
 dering, from aberro\ deviating from the right, 
 or common way. 
 
 ABERRA'TION, S. [ahmauo, Lat. a 
 going out of the way] the aft of departing 
 from the common track. " There is no hsrefy 
 in fach an aberral'ion.^' Glani'ilU Sett. Scisrt, 
 This word is ufed by prefent writers but very 
 feldom. In Aftronomy, it implies a fmall ap- 
 parent motion of the fixed ftars, difcovered by 
 Dr. Bradley, owing to the prr^grefiive motion 
 of light, and the fenfible proportion which 
 the velocity thereof bears to the velocity of the 
 annual motion of the earth. Thefe fmall 
 ecliptic motions of the ftars occafon their de- 
 cb'nations and diftances from the poles of the 
 world to vary jo min. and a half on one fidt 
 cr the other. 
 
 ABE'STA, S. fArab. J in Perfan antiqtli^y, 
 ene of the facred books of the Magi, afcribed 
 to Zoroafler their founder. 
 
 To ABETT, V. Aft. f^^Vr, Sax. Bo 
 teren, Tent, or Boten, old Eng. to kindle or 
 blow In the fame manner as a fire] to fupport,' 
 encocrage, or help. " It is well known, they 
 fibettciihoih parties In the civil war." Aiid'f. 
 Freehold. No. aS. 
 
 To ABE'TT, V. Aft. In Law, to aid, in- 
 cite, advife, encourage, or fet another on. 
 
 ABE'TTMENT, S. the aft of fitting an- 
 other on, or encouraging him to the commif- 
 £on of a crime, 
 
 ABE'TTER, or ABE'TTOR, S. ^Uom 
 *hett\ the perfon who encourages, fupports, or 
 fiirs up, " Whild this fin of calumny has two 
 fuch potent ^if'rari." dyienim. ifthi Tcr.^ue. 
 In Law, oncwhoimligates, encouiaees, or fets 
 another on to the commiflion of fomething 
 criminal, or affids in the performance of it. 
 There are abettors in felony, but none in trea- 
 fon, becaufc the law deems all concerned in 
 treafons to be principals. 
 
 ABEYA'NCE, S. [/■"«)'«'', Fr. to gape after, 
 to expe£l, or long for] in Law, a thinp not in 
 pofFeffion, but in reverfion or expcftation, 
 
 A'BEX, or HABE'SH, S. [Arab,] a nar- 
 
 jfw traft or flip of land, on the weftern or 
 
 African fhore: of the Red-fea, formerly a part 
 
 »! Upper Ethiopia, and fubjcft to its emperor; j hope, deprived of coififoi 
 
 l»t iiijie conijucred bjf the Turks, who nvce 
 
 To ABHO'R, V. Aft. {abb^rreo, Lat. te 
 deteft] to rejeft with a ftrong and violent aver- 
 fion ; to detefl with great loathine. 
 
 ABHO'RRENCE, ABHO'RRENCY, S. 
 fthe firft ufed by the beft Englifh writers, from 
 abh-,r\ a paflion of the mind, arifing on the 
 contemplation of any thing entirely difagree- 
 aLle, viricus, and worthy of its hatred. 
 
 ABHORRENT, Part, and Adj. [from 
 abhor] exerting the pafjlon of a ftrong averfion, 
 or abhorrence ; ufed with the particles to and 
 iiiiih ; and when joined with the former, im- 
 plies fomething contrary to, incompatible, or 
 inconfiftent with. *' Abhorretit toy out func- 
 tion." Dryd. Don. Sebaft. 
 
 A'BIB, S. [Hcb. green fruits, or ripe ears 
 of corn] the firft month of the Jews eccle- 
 fiaftical year, anfwering to part of our Mjrch 
 and April, and derives its name from the ma- 
 turity of corn, which afed to be on that month 
 in Judea ; at firfl it was named Nifan, and be- 
 fore the Jews left Egypt, was reckoned tha 
 (eventh ; but afterwards by the command of tha 
 Deity, in the ecclefiaf^ical accognt, reckoned 
 the firft. In this month, the patfovsr was 
 celebrated by the Jews in commemoration of 
 their leaving Egypt. " Ye came out in the 
 month .'\bib." Exod. xiii, 4. 
 
 To ABI'DE, V. N. [ahidan, Sax. to ftay, 
 preter. abode and abid; particfp. prtf. abidirg^ 
 To ftay or remain in a place j to continue in 
 the fame ftate without alteration; to diflika 
 being with, or to have an averfion to, Figu- 
 ratively, to endure, or fupport, ufed with the 
 particle w'i'fj, before a perfon, . and at or in, 
 before the name of a place. " The ark of 
 God (hall not abidi with us," 1 Sam. v. j. 
 " Abide at the door of the tabernacle," Le-v. 
 viii. 35. " If ye o^jVf m this land," j'fr. xliii. 
 10. When followed with bj, it fignifies to 
 fupport, ftand by, confide in, or rely upon : 
 and in common converfjtion, to fecond or fup- 
 port a pprfon. But this is a fenfe fomewhat 
 low. By Chaucer and Pope, it is ufed for re- 
 frain, oruifTer. '' Calamitous relhzint abides." 
 Pope^ Odsjf. Aftively, it denotes to wait for, 
 to expeft, or await, " Bonds and affliftious 
 abide me," Acii xx, 23. 
 
 ABI'DING, S. [from ah]dt\ a permanent 
 ftate, or continuance. " Our da. s are as (ha- 
 dowf , .'-nd there is no absdirg," iChron. \7.ix. I ?. 
 
 ABIDING, Part. pref. [from abide] fixed, 
 fettled, permanent, " No abiding; place. Ap- 
 plied to Qoftrine, it denotes its leaving ftrong 
 and lafting imprcrTions on the undcrft.anding, 
 " His word abidir-g in you." 
 
 ABjE'CT, Adj. [Abjeaas, Lat. Part of 
 a'^'/icio, to throw away, as of no value] When 
 applied to perfons, mean, low, or bafe ; whea 
 fpoken cf things and aftions, contemptible, 
 worclilefs and defpicable; when ufed of con- 
 dition, miferable, forlorn, wretched, void ©f 
 Alii abandoned to 
 
 ABJPCT,
 
 AB J 
 
 ABJE'CT, S. [from ahjeaus, Lat.] a per- 
 fon in the extremities ot poveriiy ; in the 
 greateft infamy 5 in the loweft abyfs of bafe- 
 nefs, and void both of confcious integrity, or 
 icputed honefty. 
 
 To ABJE'CT, V. Aa. {abjic'io, Lat. to 
 cafl away] to reject with difdain, fcorn, or 
 contempt ; to throw away as of no worth. A 
 word feldom ufed, and void of any good au- 
 thority among modern writers. 
 
 ABJE'CTEDNESS, S. [compound o^ ah- 
 jeiled and ticfs, from the Goth.' N. S, which 
 implies abflradionj the ftate or condition of 
 sn abjeft perfun. 
 
 ABJE'CTION, ABJE'CTNESS, S. [ab- 
 jeSi'w, Lat.] a bafe, fervile, mean difuofi- 
 tlon. 
 
 ABJE'CTLY, Adv. [fiom abjeE}} in a 
 mean, bafe, fervile, contemplibie, or defpica- 
 ble manner. 
 
 ABIE'NA, S. [aheo, Lat. to go out] fpelt 
 Jikewife yibeona ; a goduefs, fuppofed, by the 
 Romans, to pioteft adult perfons in their go- 
 ing out of doors, and render their departure 
 from home, either profpcrous or unfuccefs- 
 ful. 
 
 AEIGA'IL, S. [Heb, Father of joy, or 
 the father's joy] a woman of great per- 
 fonal charms, who by her eloquence and 
 •beauty, diverted David's aneer from her 
 firft hufljand Nabal, and fo captivated him, 
 that when Nabal died he married her, i Sam. 
 
 XXV, 3 XXX. 5. 
 
 ABIGE'AT, S. [from ah'igo> to expel by 
 force] ufed, by medical authors, for an abor- 
 tion procured oy art, now obfeiete. 
 
 ABI'LITY, S. [of habiUte, Fr. of ahaJ, 
 Sax power] In the fingular, power fufficient 
 fur the performance of any thing, whether it 
 require wealth, underftanding, or ftrength. 
 In the plural, abilities, peculiarly the powers 
 or faculties of the mind. " We find our abi 
 iities too weak for the performance." Rogers'' 
 Serin. 
 
 ABi'MELECH, S. [Heb. my father 
 the king, or the greateft king] a king oi 
 Cerar in Philiflia, about the year of the world 
 1086, famous for his detention of Abraham's 
 wife. 
 
 ABINTE'STATE, Adj. [ofaiand inyf- 
 tatiu, Lat. one who leaves no will behind him] 
 in Civil Law, one who inherits the eftate of 
 another, who died without a will. 
 
 ABI'SHERING or ABISHE'RSING, S. 
 [hfjhatextn, Teut. to fine] in ancient records, 
 a liberty, or free.iom from ameiciaments; and 
 alfo to have thofe of others within one's 
 fee. ^ 
 
 ABJURA'TION, S. [ahjurath, Lat.] in 
 a generul fenfe, the aft of renouncing or de- 
 nying with an oaih j among the Romans, the 
 denying of a debt or depofite by a falfe oath. 
 In a more reflrained and modern fenfc, a fo- 
 lemn recantation, . or rmuflciatioa ot fom<- 
 f erfon, doftrine, or thing. . 
 
 A B L 
 
 Oath 0/ ABJURA'TION, is that which i» 
 taken by all perfons matriculated in upiverfi- 
 ties, by thofe admitted to fcholarfhips, fellow- 
 Ihips, headlhips, holy orders, or ports in ths 
 government : it confifts ii renouncing upoa 
 oath every title or claim of the pretender and 
 his heirs to this crown. In Law, it fignifies a 
 fworn banifliment for life ; for if a man com- 
 mitted felony, and fled to fome church-yard, 
 on confefiion of his crime to the coroner, he 
 was admitted to his oath of abjuring the king- 
 dom, and freed from further profecution. But 
 by the fiatute 21 "Jac. I. all ufeof fandtuaries 
 being taken away, this kind of abjuration 
 ceafed. 
 
 To ABJURE, V. Aft. [abjurer, F. of 
 abjurare, hat.] in a fecondary fenfe, to quit or 
 abandon, in allufion to the neteffity of their 
 quitting the realm, who had taken this oath ; 
 to call ofF, and hav- no conneftion with. 
 " Abjure for ever the fociety of men." Shakef. 
 To retraft, renounce, or recant an opinioa 
 upon oath. 1 
 
 ABLA'DIUM, S. [obfolete] corn mowed 
 and reaped. 
 
 To ABLA'CTATE, V. Aft. [abla^fo, Lat. 
 of ab, negative, and lac, Lat. milk] To wearj 
 from the bread : in a fecondary ie.n(t to leave 
 off a thing which is become habitual j a word 
 feldom ufed, 
 
 ARLACTA'TION, S. [AblaBatio, Lat.] 
 the aft of weaning a child ; metaphorically, 
 the quitting an inveterate habit. Seldom ufed 
 by modern writers. In gardening, a method 
 of grafting, wherein the cy»n of one tree is 
 united to another by degree?, and then cut off 
 or weaned from its mother flock. In modern 
 gardening it is called inarching, or grafting by 
 approach, and is prafticable only when two 
 trees are fo near, that the cyon of one may be 
 applied, without cutting off, to the ftock of 
 another. 
 
 ABLA'QUE, S. \Ablaque, or la foy ablaque, 
 Fr.] the Ardalfine filk, which comes lron> 
 Perfia by way ol Smyrna : though very fine and 
 little inferior to the Sourbaftis, it is feldom 
 ufed in the filk manufjftures at Lyons and 
 Tours, tecaufc it will not bear hot water in 
 the winding. 
 
 ABLAQUEA'TION, S. [Abhqucatio, Lit. 
 of ab, from, and hiqutus, a dirchj in Garden- 
 ing, the digging away the mould from the roots 
 of treer, that the fun, air and rain may operate 
 upon them, and recover their loft, or improve 
 their prcfent fecundity. 
 
 AE'LATIVE, Adj. [ablativus, Lat. tak- 
 ing .Tway] in Latin Grammar the fixth cafe: 
 it is peculiar to that Lingt^^ge, and therefore 
 ftiled by fome the Latin cafe. This is oppofcd 
 to the d.itive, becaufe that implies the aft of 
 giving, but the ablative that of taking. In 
 Englifh we ufe the term only in allufion to itj 
 force in the Latin, our nouns having properly 
 fpcakins no fuch cafe. Thus in this fentence, 
 
 " Of
 
 A B L 
 
 ABO 
 
 ** 0/ rr'.?n's firfl cifobedience and the fruit — j mote thedlgeftlon of thehoft. And islikewjfj 
 Of thst forbidden tree." I'ar.l.oft. ©/"^jn'si made ufe of to fignify what the prieft wafhes 
 jirji difohedience is ternned ibe ablative, and Of 
 that Jorbiiiaei tree the genitive, becaufe they 
 would be rendered by thofe cai'es in Latin. 
 
 A'BLE, Adj. [abal, Sax. ftrength, power, 
 or fortitude] endued with, or having power 
 fufficient j metaphorically, great powers arifing 
 from knowledge or wealth, " He was ferved 
 by the aW^ tnen." Bacon s Hen. VIU. When 
 joined witbybr, it implies qualified. " Able for 
 utterance." Wilkin^, Matbtvi. Mafic. 
 
 ABLE-BODIED, Adj. [compounded of 
 able and bciiy\ (frong in body. 
 
 ABLE'CTI, S. [of fl^,Lat. from, and leBus, 
 LsT. chofen] in Roman antiquities, a felefl 
 body of foldiers chofen out of the Extraordi- 
 narii. 
 
 To AB'LEGATE, V. Ad. [ahkgo, Lat.] 
 to fend abroad upon an emb^fTy, or other public 
 emplov ; figuratively, to lend a perfon, one is 
 tired of, out of the way. This word is not 
 fqpported by the ufe of any good modern 
 writer. 
 
 ABLEGA'TION, S. [from ablegate,^ the 
 aft of fending, or the ftate of a perfon fent a- 
 broad, or out of the way. A word which 
 wants authority. 
 
 ABLE'GMINA. S. [of a^, from and lego, 
 Lat. to cliufej in Roman sntiqultieF, choice 
 parts of the entrails of viflims. 
 
 A'BLENESS, S. [fiom able] fufficient 
 power, or capacity to do a thing; ability of 
 mind or body. " Both for comelinefs and 
 sbu'refs," Sidney, Inftead ot the word modern 
 writers ufe ability. 
 
 A'BLEPSY, .S. [aCXE^.a, Or. not feeing] 
 want of fight 5 figuratively, inadvertence, 
 unadvifednefs, or ralhnefs. 
 
 To A'BLOCATE, V. Acl. {abkco, Lat.] 
 to let out to hire ; fpoken properly of one, who 
 is hired himfclf. Cahins Lix. "Jud. Seldom 
 ufed. 
 
 ARLU'ENT, A.ij. \abluo, Lat. to waft 
 ofF or away] that which ws/hes clean, or 
 cleanfes, y!?Wafnr medicines are fuch as d'lute, 
 diiTolve, and carry off the acrimonious falts 
 lodged in any psrts of the body, ftilcd mere 
 properly detergents : which fee. 
 
 ABLU'TION, S. \ablutio, Lat.] The aft 
 of cleanfing, or walhing clean, in i;s primary 
 feme. In its fecondary, what is left after the 
 aft of wafhing. Ablution was a religious cere- 
 mony praftifed by the ancient Romans before 
 they began to facrifice, which they probably 
 borrowed from the Jews ; for whom Solomon 
 made a great laver, or brafs fea, wherein the 
 priefts ufed to wafli themfelves before tliey of- 
 fered facrifice, having firll fanftified the water 
 by throwing in the aflies of a viftim that had 
 been flain for the facrifice. The Mohamme- 
 dans retain this ceremony with religious fcru- 
 puloufnefs. In the Roman church the word is 
 ufed for a fup of wine and water not confecrat- 
 ^; given by the ptiefl to walh dov/a, and pw- 
 
 his hands with. In pharmacy, ablution de- 
 notes the preparations which divers medicines 
 undergo, to dsanf's them from their impuritief . 
 In phyfic, the wafliing the external parts of 
 (he body by baths, or the internal, by thin 
 diluting fluids. In chemilVy, the wafhing or 
 infufing certain mtdicines in water, to frefhen 
 them and diiTolve their falts. See DULCI* 
 FYING. 
 
 ABLY'ING, Part, [abal, Sax. power] 
 communicating fufficient power for the per- 
 formance of any particular aftion. Bailey hom 
 Chaucer : A word now obfolete. 
 
 To ABNEGA'TE, V. Aft. [abnego, Lat.] 
 to deny. , 
 
 ABNEGA'TION, S. [Abregatio, Lat.] a 
 poliiive and abfolute negation, or denial of a 
 thing. With divines, the renouncing our pa£- 
 fions, interells, and lufls j being fynonimous 
 to filf-denial. 
 
 A'BNER, S. [Heb, the father's candle] 
 the fon ot Ner, and general of Saul's forces, 
 to whom he introduced David after his 
 llaying Goliath the g^ant. His fidelity to 
 Saul's houfe is reprefented in ftrong terms 
 by the facred pages : but meeting at length 
 with abufe inftead of gratitude from IHibo- 
 fheth, he quitted his party ; and as he was re- 
 turning from making fome overtures to David, 
 was treacheroufly killed by Joab, David's ge- 
 neral, in rever.ge for the de<ith of Afahel his 
 brother, i Sam. xvii. 57. xxvi. 15. 2 Sam, ii, 
 and iii. 
 
 To A'BNODATE, V. Aft. [o( ab nega- 
 tive and nodus, a knot] to cut off the knots of 
 trees, 
 
 ABVODA'TION, S. {abnodatio, Lat.] in 
 gardening, the pruning away knots, knobs, 
 or other excrefcences from trees. 
 
 ABXO'RMITY, S. [abnormitai, Lat.] 
 ugiinefj, deformity. A word of no ufe, or 
 authority, perhaps coined by Bailey. 
 
 ABNO'RMOUS, Adj. {a'-nomiii, Lat.] 
 irregular, in fhape deformed. Seldom occurs 
 in good authors. 
 
 ABO'ARD, Adv. [from a implying on or 
 in, and bcrd. Sax. a houfe. A fhip being by 
 the Saxons termed a vvater-houfe] a fea-term, 
 in a fhip. " Called to them that were ^^o/i;-^.'* 
 Faer'^' ^ In gaming, it is ufed to imply that 
 the fide which at nrit was lefs, is equal to the 
 other. 
 
 AEO'DE, V. Neut. [the preter. o( abide] 
 remained, continued fome time, 
 
 ABO'DE, S. [dom abide] theaftofftay- 
 
 ing any time, or continuing in any place, 
 
 when joined to the word maie. Figuratively, 
 
 the place wherein a perfon flays, continues, or 
 
 wells. " I know thy abode" z Kings xix. 
 
 To ABO'DE, V. Aft, [bod^ian. Sax. to 
 foretel] to prefage, fhew, or threaten a thlnj; 
 before it happens 3 to foretel. It is uf«d both
 
 ABO 
 
 in a good of bad fsnCc. " This tempen: ahodcd 
 a fuddtn b'-eich." Shakefp. Hen. VI If, 
 
 ABO'DEMENT, S. '[uoni a'odi] a fairret 
 irnpreflion of the mind, anticipation, or p:e- 
 fage of fomethin^ future. " y^bodemems inu{k 
 not fright us." lie/:, VIII. 
 
 ABO'GEN, Part, [a.''o^e, Sax. from /rhoo- 
 Fijn, Sax. to benti] bowed ; :'n obfolete word. 
 To ABO'Ll^H, V, Aa. [abolir, Fr. from 
 ttbolco, Lat. to blot out] to deftroy. pigiirativs- 
 ly, to annihilate. " Wih tliou xiiyi^li abolifi 
 thy creation ?" Par, L'fl. j 
 
 ABp'lJSHAELE, V. Aft. {irom abci;fl:\ 
 and ah'.i. Sax. powtrj that which may or can 
 bt: aboii/hed. 
 
 ABO'LISHEK., S. [from abcUJJil the thing 
 or perfon which abolfhss. 
 
 AEO'LISniNG, Part, [from uboUfi] that 
 which annuls, repeals, or defiroys. " The 
 (tbci'ijhing c\iu(c of an att." 
 
 ABO'LISHMENT, S. [(torn abi'lfi'] the 
 aft or daufe oi'abolifhlng. This term is now 
 changed for the word 
 
 ABOLITION, S. [ahoH.io, Lit. nowufed 
 inftead o^ aboliJhmcnt\ the afl of deftroying. 
 ]n common law, the repealing any law or 
 flatute; in civil law, the leave given to defift 
 from luthcr profecuiion 5 in met3,^hyfics, aa 
 abfulate dtllruftioii. 
 
 ABOMa'SUS, ABOM A'SUiVr, S. [Lat.] 
 the maw, or lad of the four rtomnchs, in ru 
 minating animals, wherein the chyle is form- 
 ed ; and in calves, wheiethe reaneL is found, 
 which is made ufe of to curdle milk. 
 
 ABO'MINABLE, Adj. [from Mnlnabl- 
 lis, Lit. J thit excites horror, joined with 
 averfion and detefiation. In converfation,^ 
 this term is ufed to convey an idea of fome- 
 thing fuperlativc. ^' Ahominabk unclean," is 
 fomething fuperlatively fo. 
 
 ABO'MINABLENESS, S. [from abovd- 
 rabilii, Lat.] the quality wliicii renders any 
 ihinc odious 
 
 ABO'MINABLY, Adj. [UomahpKimHi] 
 extremely, fuperlatively, in an illfenfej and 
 a word of low lant^uage. '' Cheat you inoit 
 dbcminably.'''' Jlift. c-fji'. Bull, 
 
 To ABOTvIlNATE, V. Aft. [^/-r;/?.-/, 
 Lat.] to abhor, deteft, or h 've any ctreme 
 averfion to. " Abominate and deipife all my- 
 ftery." GiiUiv, 
 
 ABOMINATION, S, [from abonrnath, 
 Lat. or ab'j7K!natc\ an objeft cauiing extreme 
 aveifion. W.hen ufed with the .uxiliary verb 
 to hai'.\ followed by the particle in, to reckon, 
 or. look upon as an objeit of deteflaiion. As 
 idolatry and idols are objefts of the divine 
 avetfion, they are therefore figuratively ex- 
 frefl'cd by this word in fcripturc ; " Aftitorejh, 
 the tit!)j3.'V.V!C,'5/;*of the. Set.'" z Kings xxxW. 15. 
 ABORi'GlNES, S. [of ab negative, rai 
 crigo, Lat. a fourc?, or bep,".ning] the . ncient 
 innabitants 01 a Country, whole or gin is un- 
 knov.n. 
 ABORTIO>L S. [ubirtio, Lat.] a ir.if- 
 
 A B 
 
 earring?, or ths exclulion of a child from th» 
 womb before the due time of delivery : in ir- 
 rational :^nimals, it is termed flinking or ceil- 
 ing their young. Abortion is produced by 
 c.iufes immediately affefting the child or the 
 mother ; v/ith refpeft to the child, whatever 
 occafions its death caufes abortion ; with re- 
 fpeft to the mother, immoderate evacuations, 
 fudden paflions, frights, dillemperj, either 
 acute or chronical, lifting too great a weight, 
 flraining in order to fpe.'k loud, a difagreeable 
 fmell, the heavinefs andlargenefs of the foetus, 
 irritation of tlie womb, relaxation of the pU« 
 centa, weaknefs and want of notirilhment ia 
 the fcetus, excefs of eating, fafting, or w.itch* 
 ing, the ufe of bufrcs, and every thing which 
 tends to promote th; menfes. Abortion is dan- 
 gerous, when the time of pregnancy is far ad- 
 vanced ; where the caufe is violent, the patient 
 convulfed, large haemorrhages precede, or the 
 fcetus is putreiied. By the figure metonymia> 
 wherein tiie caufe is made ufe offer the etiectj 
 this term is ufed for the fostus thus expelled ; 
 " The abortion proved only a female fcetus." 
 In gardening, the wordfignifies fuch fruits a8 
 are produced too cjrly. 
 
 ABO'RTIVE, Adj. [abcrtivus, Lat.] that 
 which ic brought forth before its time ; figu- 
 ratively, any thing or defign which mifcarries, 
 is fruftrated, or comes to nothing, 
 
 ABO'RTIVE, Adj. [from ab, a negntiv?, 
 and ort;is, a rifing] that which one cannot rifa 
 iVorn. '•' Plunged in that ab:rti-vc gulph." 
 Par. L'jjl. B. ii. 451. This is an unufual ac- 
 ceptation, and, as far as we knov/, to be meC 
 with only iii the author jufl produced. 
 -■' ABO'RTIVE VELLUM, S. [compound 
 word] vellum made with the /kin of aa abor» 
 tive calf, 
 
 ABO'RTIVELY, Adv. of quality, or the 
 manner, [(rovci ahorti'-je zni Ij ; thofeacj;c- 
 tives which end in this fyll :ble,which anfwers 
 to tlie Sax. lie, or lia, denote the fame qua- 
 lity or manner, as the adjeftives from whence 
 thev are derived] born b£.''ore the due time. 
 
 ABO'RTIVENESS, S. [from abortit'sj 
 the ll^ate of abortion ; fig\na.iiyi\y , want ot' 
 fuccefs, difjppointment, 
 
 ABOO'T, Part, [a corruption o? abazL-:d\ 
 caft down, dcjefted, daunted. " She was 
 abafhed, and ahoot," Cr^auc, fol. 340. p. !• 
 C, i. n<nv obfolete. 
 
 ABO'VE, Prep. \B:ip^n, Sax ] higher in 
 plice, or pofition ; before nouns of time, it 
 denotes more, or longer thin ; figuratively, il 
 fignifies fupericriiy, or higher in rank, power, 
 or excellence ; 1 kev/ife beyond, or more than. 
 " We are prelfed out of meafurc, abovs 
 flrength." 2 Cr. i. S. When joined with th^ 
 word rt\:fo;:, it denot::s a difproportion between 
 the objeft and oui' intelleftual faculties, and 
 its not being difcoverable by the esercife of 
 them. Whea ufed compartivcly, it implies^ 
 prefer3''.le'trt, 
 
 ABO'VE. Adv. [this is'diflinsuiflisd ffons
 
 ABO 
 
 the prep, by ihs manner in which it is ufed, 
 becaufe that is folIowe>^ by nouns, but this is 
 not ; and has a relation not to the words 
 which precede, but thofe which follow it] a 
 higher place ; and, figuratively, the heavens. 
 In allufion to the method ot writing antiently 
 on Icrolls, it denotes before. 
 
 ABO'VE-ALL, [compounded of aio-J'eand 
 a'/j chiefly, efpeciallyj after a deduction of 
 feveral particulars, it fignifies a preference 
 given to that which follows. 
 
 ABO'VE BOARD, [compound word,bor 
 rowed from gamefters, who generally put their 
 hands under a table in order to changf their 
 cards] in open fight, plainly, honeftly, with- 
 out art fice, deceit, or diffimulation. 
 
 ABO'VE-CITED, Part, fcompoi'nd word, 
 for the origin of this exprellion, lee aboze^ 
 quoted, or cited before. 
 
 ABO'VE- GROUND, [compound word, 
 alluding to a perfon's being put under-ground 
 at his burial] alive; to be met with, or found. 
 *' I'll find him if he be above-g'cund.'" A low 
 and familiar expreflion. 
 
 To ABOUND, V. Neut. [ahndo, Lat. 
 ahonder.. Fr.] when ufed with the particles in, 
 or iviih, to have an exceflive great number, 
 .or quantity of any thing ; when ufed without 
 the particles, to increafe prodigioufly, to be 
 in great number, plenty, or txcefs. 
 
 ABOU'T, Prep, ^aluton, Sax. encircling] 
 "when appl'ed to time or place, it denotes near 
 or within compafs of; and when ufed beforf 
 words implying meafure. " About night." 
 " About Cheapfide." Its moft fimple accepta- 
 tion is that of round, furiounding; or encir- 
 cling, according to the Saxon, from whence 
 it is derived. " About the keel." Waller. 
 Figuratively, annexed, or appendant to a 
 perfo 1, as cloaths, Sec, concerning, of, relat- 
 ing! tv. 
 
 ABOU'T, Adv. in circumference, or com- 
 p3f;. " Twoyirds about." Me'ry W. oflVindj'. 
 Figurit.'vely, the lonteft way, in oppofition 
 to the ihorieft, alluding to the difference be- 
 tween the circutnference and diameter of a 
 circle. When joined with gOy it fignifies from 
 pbce to place, or every where: "He ncert 
 tlout doing good." A^'s. When prefixed to 
 other verSs, it implies thit the action or 
 thing affirmc'd will loon happen; as, ''about 
 to fight." When following the verb to be, it 
 det.otes being engaged, or employed in : 
 ** What are you about r " 
 
 ABOU'T, Arij. [a bo:'t, to an end, Fr.] 
 a certain point, period, or ft.ite : " He has 
 bro'.ight about his purpofe; ;" i. e. he has tc- 
 coniplifhed them. When joined with ccmi,. it 
 implies the thing arrived at a certain ftate or 
 point: •' When the time was zome about." i 
 Sam, i. 20. When joined with go, it implies 
 preparation or deiign : " Why go ye about to 
 kill me?" ^cZ.n viii. ig. In familiar dif- 
 coutfe, we f,;y, " to con:e about a man," i. e, 
 t* circumvent him. 
 
 A B R 
 
 ABP. an Abbreviation for Archblfliop,' 
 
 A'BRA, S. a filver coin in Poland, worth 
 24 or 25 French fols, current in all the do- 
 minions of the grand feignior. 
 
 ABRACADA'BRA, S. [Abracax, the 
 name of an Affyrian Idol] a charm invented 
 by the elder Serenus Samonius, to cure agues. 
 It was to be Wrote as many times as it con- 
 tains letters, omitting a letter each line; fo 
 that it formed an inverted cone, having this 
 property, that which way foever the letters be 
 taken, they form the fame word as the firft 
 line. 
 
 ABRACA'LAN, S. a word ufed by the 
 Jews, for the fame purpofe as the former. 
 
 To ABRA'DE, V. Aft. [abrado, Lat. to 
 fhave off] to rub off, or wafle by degrees. 
 
 A'BRAHAM, S. [Heb. 'the father ; 
 or the purifier of many nations] the foa 
 of Thare, both the firft and moft eminent 
 of all the patriarchs. He was born A. M. 
 1948, about 58 years before the deatii 
 of Noah, and was at firft named Abram, 
 the high father. In his 75th year he left 
 his own country, by the command of God, 
 and dwelt in Canaan, where, in his 99th 
 year, he was circumcifed, and God chang- 
 ed his name from Abram to Abraham. He 
 died in his 175th year, and wis buried by 
 his fons Ifhmael and Ifaac in a cave at Macli- 
 pel'.h. Gen. xi. 
 
 A'BRAHAM's BOSOM, a fcripture term 
 to denote a place or ftation of the higheft de- 
 gree of felicity and eminence in heaven. "Car- 
 ried by the angels to Abraham's bofom." 
 Luke xvi. 22. 
 
 A'BRAHAM's, BALM, S. [compound 
 word] in botany, the hemp- tree, a fpecies of 
 the willow. 
 
 ABRA'SION, S. [fee abrade'] The aft of 
 wearing away by rubbing. In medicine, the 
 wearing away the natural mucus, which co- 
 vers the membranes of the ir.teftines, by cor- 
 rofive medicines. Figuratively, ihefubftance 
 worn off by the rubbing of bodies againft each 
 other. 
 
 ABRE'AST, Adv. [breaft, Sax.] fide by 
 fide ; in fuch a pofition that the breaft may 
 bear againft the fame line. Ships are faid to 
 (dU a-breaft, when two or more bear down by 
 the fi'^e of each other in the fame line. 
 
 ABRENUNCIA'TION, S. [abrenundarle, 
 Lat.] a renouncing or forlaking a thing en- 
 tirely ; leldom ufed, even by lawyei^s, though 
 a law ter.n, and ftands in need of authori- 
 
 To ABRI'DGE, V, Aa. [abreger, Fr.] 
 to fborten in words, fo as to retain the fub- 
 ftjnce ; to exurefs a thing in fewer words : 
 '' We will eliay to abridge in one volume." 
 2 Maccab. ii. 23. Figuratively, to diminifh, 
 leiTsn, or cut ihort. " Such dctcrminatioa 
 iji'iV^fi not that powe/." Lo:ke. Followed by 
 the particlesyrcw or of, to deprive : " To be 
 abridged from fuch a noble rale." Mercb. of 
 3 Vcnic'e.
 
 A B R 
 
 Pewir*. In common law, to make a de- 
 claration Shorter, by taking away ibme of 
 the fubftance of it : " Tho' the demandant 
 has a/'r((/p-f^ his plaint." Brs. Abridg. 
 
 ABRl'DGER, S, [from Abridge, and er, 
 derived from the Sax. Wa:r, a manj a fliort- 
 ener, a writer of abridgements, 
 
 ABRI'DGEMENT, S, [abregement, Fr.] 
 the contradtion of a larger work into fewer 
 •words, and lefs compafs j a leflening, or di- 
 minution, in a fecondary fenfe : " An abridg- 
 ment of liberty." Locke. 
 
 ABRO'ACH, Adv. [fee BROACH] run- 
 ning out, in allufion to liquor which is broach- 
 ed or tapped ; to be in fuch a pofition that the 
 liquor may eafily run out : figuratively to \\n- 
 dertake with a fure profpedl of fuccefs. 
 *' What mifchiefs might be fet abroach ?" 
 Shakefp. Hen. IV. 
 
 ABRO'AD, Adv. {a, and brad, Sax.] with- 
 out confinement, at large, out of the houfe, 
 in a foreign country; in alldiredlions j from 
 without, in oppofition to within : " Through 
 difeafes bred ivitbin themfelves, than through 
 violence from abroad,'''' Hioker, 
 
 ABRO'CHMENT,S.fa/'ro<rfl»;M?K«,Lat.] 
 in law, foreftalling. See ABBROCH- 
 MENT. 
 
 To A'BROG ATE, V. Aft. [abrogo, Lat.] 
 to deprive a law of its force ; to annul. 
 
 ABROGA'TION, S. [from abrogatio, 
 Lat. fee A'BROG ATE] the aft of repealing, 
 or the repeal of a law, ufed in oppofition to 
 rogation-, d\&\(ig\i\(htA{Tom derogation, which 
 implies the annulling only pan of a law j 
 (xovn fubrogat'.on, which denotes the adding a 
 claufe; from adrogation, which implies the 
 limiting or reftraining it ; from d'ifpenjaiion, 
 which fets it afide, only in a particular in- 
 ftance; and from antiquation, which is the 
 letufing to pafs a law. 
 
 To ABROO'K, V. Aft. [from a, fuper- 
 fluous, and to brook, now obfolete j from Brit- 
 can. Sax. to enjoy, or digeft] to bear, or en- 
 dure. *' III can thy noble mind abrook.^' 
 Shakefp. Hen, VI. an obfulete word. 
 
 ABROHA'Nl, or MALMO'LLE, S. 
 £Ind.] the name of a muflin or fine cloth, 
 brought from Bengal. 
 
 ABRU'PT, Part, or Adj. [abri-ptus, Lat. 
 broken oft" J craggy, broken; fudden, unex- 
 pe£ted, without the cuftomary preparations ; 
 unconnefted, when applied to compofitions : 
 *' The abrupt ftile." Ben. John. D'lfco-v. Ufed 
 fubftantively, a great cleft, or cavity. '' Over 
 the vaft abrupt,''' Par. Loft, B. ii. 40a. 
 
 ABRU'PTION, S. [abruptlo, Lat.] bxeak- 
 ing off, feparation: "Marks oi 'its abruption.'" 
 IVoodivard's Nat. H'ft, 
 
 ABRU'PTLY, Adv. [from abrupt] in a 
 hafty, unexpected, rude manner ; without the 
 previous ceremonies required. 
 
 ABRUPTNESS, S. [from abrupt'] an 
 
 faafly, un^fs(ft|d, vncsrsuienms in?.nner; 
 
 A B S 
 
 fudclennefs, theftate of unconne(^pJKers, rii%* 
 gednefj, cragginefs : " Which alrupfr.sji is 
 caufed Ivirs being broken off." JVoodiv, 
 
 A'BRWS, S. in Exctic Botany, a k'nH of 
 red phaltilus, or kidney-bean, growing in 
 Egypt and theTndies. 
 
 A'BSALOM, S. [H-b, the father of 
 peace, or the father's pea-c ;J the fon of 
 David by Maacha, who, together with his 
 fifter, were remarkable for their perfonal 
 charms. After his return from exile, for 
 the murther of Ammon his brother, he con- 
 fpired againft his father, and drove him out 
 of his kingdom ; but was flain by Joab, as 
 he hung by his hair on a tree, z Sam. chap, 
 xlii. to xviii. 
 
 A'BSCESS, S. {abfceffus, Lat.] a critical 
 difcharge of humours, which collefts itfelf fa 
 as to form a tumour, or fwelling, and break 
 or corrode the veffels, if not difcufTed ; the 
 matter thus colledted is fometimes included in 
 a cyftis or bag, and appears curd)', and is then 
 termed an encyfted tumour. Hippocrates and 
 Galen ufe this word, a'fcefs, for the change of 
 one fpecies of fever into 'nother; as aninter- 
 mittent into a continual ; and fometimes they 
 fubftitute it for anv critical evaluation. 
 
 To ABSCI'ND; V. Aft. [abjci,!do, Lat.] 
 to cut off. Not oiten n/ed. 
 
 ABSCI'SSA, or ABiCi'SSE, S. [ahfciffus, 
 Lat.] in Conies, that part of the nxis in a 
 curve-lined figure, that is cut off by an ordi- 
 nate, and contained between the vertex and 
 the ordinate : hence there may be an infinite 
 number o( abfnj/a in the fame curves, as well 
 as ordinates. 
 
 ABSCI'SSION, S. [ahfcljfto, L:it.] the a£t 
 of cutting off; the ftate of being cut off. 
 " This intercifion, not abj'cijjion, or total de- 
 ftruflion." Broivnt.'l^ulg. Err. 
 
 To aBSCO'ND, V. N. [abfion'io, Lat. to 
 hide] to keep one's fi;lf from the view or ' 
 knowledge of the public ; to hide : applied 
 to thofe who fly from the commerce of man- 
 kind, to efcape the law, whether on account 
 of debt or criminal adtioni. 
 
 ABSCO'NDER,S.[from ahfcond, znAivair, 
 Goth, ivar, Sax. a man.] the pefibn who 
 quits his dwelling on account of debts and 
 crimes, to orevent his being d fcovered. 
 
 ABSCO'NDING, Pa,c''Pref. [from ah- 
 fcond] the att of avoiding the fight of man- 
 kind, or leaving one's veiiience with that 
 view ; in law, it is generally aliowen a 
 circumftantial proof of the guilt of a cri- 
 minal. 
 
 A'BSENCE, S. {abjence, Fr. abfirtia, Lat.] 
 d'.ftance, which renders a perfon incapable ot 
 fei'ing and converfing witli another ; ufed in 
 onpofition to prefence ; fij^uratively, inatten- 
 tion to the prefent objeft ; becaufe a perfon in 
 that ftate refembles one who is diftant. It is 
 ufed with the particle from which limits it» 
 Cgnificawn, " His auicnct from his iBOth?r."
 
 A B S 
 
 Vryih In law, it is diftinguifhec^, t. into 
 neceirary anJ involuntary, which is that of ba- 
 niHied perfons ; z. neceliary and voluntary, or 
 the»: which is in the fervice of the church or 
 ftate ; 3. probable, which is that of a ftuilent, 
 on acc'iunt of ftudy ; 4- entirely voluntary, 
 whicii is that of a perfon on account of trade, 
 and the like ; and, 5. an abjence cum dob et 
 culpa (with deceit and blame) being thatwhich 
 js committed by a perfon on his rot appearing 
 on a citation, through contumacy. 
 
 A'BSENT, Part. [aKens, Lat.J at a dif- 
 tance from, out of the fight and hearing of a 
 perfon ; figuratively, inattentive to, or regard- 
 lefs of fomeihing prefent; ufed fometimes 
 with the particle from : " abfir.tfrcm London." 
 
 To ABSE'NT, V. A^. [horn abf.nt] to 
 wltlidraw, or decline the prefence of a perfon, 
 •r thing. 
 
 ABSENTA'NEOUS, Adj. [abfentanem, 
 Lat.] done in, or relating to abfence j feldom, 
 if ever, nfed by modern authors. 
 
 ABSENTEE', S. [See A'BSENT] inlaw, 
 he that is abfent from his ilation, or country ; 
 moft generally applied to the Iri/h refugees : 
 "A great part of eftates in Ireland is owned 
 fcy abfcntees." Child on Trade. 
 
 ABSE'NTER, S. [from ahfent and ivair, 
 Goth, or tear, Sax. a man] one who does not 
 attend : " An abfenter from church." " An 
 ebjcnter trom parlinment." 
 
 ABSl'NTHIATED, Part, [from a'fm- 
 ihhiw, Lat. wormwood] in medicine, impreg- 
 nated with wormwood. 
 
 ABSI'NTHIUM, S. [wormwood, a|iv- 
 6i:y, Gr. apfwth'ior, unpleafant, from a nega- 
 tive, implying 1/0/t/, and 4'*^'?? pf'nthos, ac- 
 cording to Hcfychius, delii'ht] There are 33 
 fpecies of this plant ; but that ufed in phyfic 
 is the abfinihium vulgare majus of Bauhine, or 
 common wormwood : the leaves and flowers 
 have a very bitter tafte, and a very (Irong fmell. 
 The virtues of this herb, sccording to Boer- 
 hiave, are immortal J as curing all dropfies 
 not attended with a rapture of the vifceraj a 
 «onferve m 'de of the tender tops oi the leaves 
 is of great fervire to perfons labouring under 
 a languor; and an infufion of ihem in wine 
 is very good for the worms : it grows on roads 
 and dunghills, and is very common in Eng- 
 laed • flowers in July, may be propagated 
 from flips in Match or Oftober, and is by 
 Linna"us ftiled, " Artemefu folio compofitis 
 miiltifid!?, floribus fub-globufis pendulis, re- 
 ceptaciiio globofo." i. e. Muawort, with 
 multifidous compound leave";, hanging hulf- 
 globular flowers, and a hairy receptacle. 
 
 AB'SIS. See APSrS. 
 
 ABSO'LVATORY, Adj. [alfolutalre,Yr. 
 from alj'jlutcriui, Lat.J that has relation to 
 pardon, or abfolution. 
 
 To ABSO'LVE, V. A. [abfolvo, Lat.] to 
 clear, or acquit ofa crime 5 to free from an en- 
 gagement, or promife ; to pardon, i.ialhifion 
 to the jbjolu.'an of aprieft j tofeiiect, accom- 
 
 A B S 
 
 plifli, or complete, applied to time: " ^hfoK 
 I'tdin the fpace of twenty-four hours," Hales 
 Orig. 
 
 A'BSOLUTE, Adj. [ahfolutut, Lat.] per- 
 feft, without defeft, complete, without con- 
 ditions : " Though it lunsin forms ahJoluteJ'^ 
 South. Independent, without relation : " ylb- 
 folute fpace." Without rcftraint, or limita- 
 tion : " My crown is ahfo'ute.^'' Dryd, Pofi- 
 tive : " Tm abjolute it was." Shakcfp. This 
 latter fenfe feems now quite obfolete. 
 
 A'BSOLUTE NUMBER, in Algebraic 
 Equations, the known quantity which pol- 
 fefleth one lide of the equation, being the rec- 
 tangle, or folid whofe root or value is to be 
 found : thus in this equation, a aX 16 ZT 56; 
 the abfolute number is 36, which is equal to 
 a <2 multiplied by itfcif added to 16 times a. 
 Ahjolute ejlatey in Law, is one free from in- 
 cumbrances, j^'i'ati've absolute, ingratnmar, is 
 a phrafe which has no dependance on any 
 other in the period of which it makes a part. 
 
 AB'SOLUTELY, Adv. [from a>'folute, and 
 the termination /y, from the Sax. Ic, which 
 implies manner] in an entire, compleat, per- 
 fect manner ; without any check, reftraint 
 or limits : pofitively, " Command me ahfo- 
 lute'-f not to go." Far. Lcf:. 
 
 A'ESOLUTENESS, S. [from ahjolute and 
 NS, Goth.] compleatnefs 5 freedom trom re- 
 ftfidlion : when applied to the exercife of re- 
 gal power, arbitrarinefs, defpoticirm. 
 
 ABSOLUTION, S. [ai^joli-tio, Lat.] in 
 Common Liw, a ful> acquittal of a perfon, 
 by fome final fcntence ; a temporal difcharge 
 from farther attendance upon a mefne pro- 
 cefs : in ecclefiaftical law, a juridical aft, 
 whereby a prieft pronounces a pardon for fins 
 tofuch as, upon confeflion, feem to have the 
 neceliary qualifications. Abfolutions from 
 Rome are high treafon, by AVa.'. 23 Elia, 
 
 AB'SOLUTORY, A>:j. [abjolutorius, Lat,] 
 that which imports pardon, forgivenefs, or 
 abfolution. 
 
 AB'SONANT, Part, [ahfonans, Lat.] 
 founding harfhly ; figuratively, contrary to 
 teafon, abfurd, foreign to the purpofe. 
 
 AB'SONOUS, Adj. [ahjonus, Lat. ill- 
 loundingj not agreeable to, in allufion to the 
 concords of mufic: " ylbfonoui to reafon." 
 Glan'vUle. This word is, at prefent, very 
 feldom ufed. 
 
 To ABSO'RB, V. Aft. [preter. a^Jorhed^ 
 part, preter. a''^j':rbed or abfoipt, from abforbeo, 
 Lat. to fup upj to fuck up. 
 
 ABSO'RBENT, [abj.riem, Lat.] in Phy- 
 fic, medicines which dry up rtdundant hu- 
 mours, whether applied internally or exter- 
 nally ; likewife the lafteals, which alforb the 
 chyle; the cutaneous velTels, whiih admit 
 the water in baths or frmentations ; or thofe 
 vellcls which open into the c.ivities of the 
 body, and imbibing the extravidated juices, 
 convt-y tl.fim to the circulating Klood. 
 
 AB'SORPT, Part. pret. [See ABSORB]
 
 A B S 
 
 fwallowed up, whether ufed in its primitive 
 fenl'e of things, or in its fecondary fenfc of 
 perfons; 
 
 ABSO'RPTION, S. [from atfori] the aa 
 of fwallowing, or fucking up : " The caufe? 
 of this difruption, or this abforpthn,''^ Burr.et. 
 AB'SQUE HOC, [Lat. without this] in 
 Law, words of CKCeption ufed in a traverfe : 
 " The defendant pleads, fuch a thing v.'as 
 done at B a'^fque hoc, i. e. unlefs it was done 
 at C." M'.d. Cafes, 103- 
 
 To ABSTA'IN, V, Neut. {abfnneo, Lat.] 
 to forbear, to refrain from, or decline any gra- 
 tifttation : it is ufed with the particle //^jot ; 
 " j^i^j/'jyVo;?; all appearance of evil." i TheJ'. 
 V. 22. and with great elegance applied to in- 
 animate thines : " The doubtful billows fcarce 
 obflain from the tofs'd vefTel," Dryd. Virgil. 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUS, Adj. {alfiemiui, Lat. 
 temperate in the enjoyment of fenfual gratifi- 
 cations: figuratively, the cjufe of temper- 
 ance: " Such is the virtue of the abjiemioin 
 well." Dryi. Fab. Sometimes ufed fub- 
 flantively, for thofe who praftife the virtue 
 of temperance : *' Chiefly among the abjia;.i- 
 eaj." Arbutknot on Aliment. 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUSLY, Adv: [from abp- 
 ir.'icuz and ly, from the Sax. Ik or lice, which 
 denotes manner] in a fober, temperate man- 
 ner. 
 
 AESTE'MIOUSNESS, S. [from ahfe- 
 mo'js, and NS. Goth.] the quality of beiRg 
 temperate, or declining the gratifying of cui 
 fenfual aprerites. 
 
 ABSTE'NSION or AB.STE'NTION, S. 
 [abjiineo, Lat.] the aft of holding oft", or re- 
 ftraininp : in Common Law, the with-hold- 
 ing or hindering an heir from taking pofTef- 
 fion of his right. 
 
 To ABSTE'RGE, V. Aft. [abprgo, Lat. 
 to wipe off] to wipe clean, to cleanle : ufed 
 moftly by medical writers. 
 
 ADSTE'RGENT, I'art. pref. [abfiergens, 
 Lat. J endued with a clcanfing quality: ufen 
 fubftantively in medicine, it fignifies medi- 
 cines which abrade and wipe away fuch mu- 
 cous particles as they meet with : their moft 
 ufual nanfe is that of detergents. 
 
 To ABSTE'RSE, V. Ad. [ahfiergo, Lat.] 
 to cle^nfe, or purify: a word feldoin ufed. 
 Not fo analieical as abjlerge, 
 
 ABSTE'RSIVE, Adj. {objl.rfivus, Lat. 
 from al>fiergo\ endued with the quality of 
 clean fine. 
 
 ABSTINE'NCE, S. [abjlwerua, Lat.] in 
 a general fenfe, the refraining from any thing 
 to which we have a propenfity : ufed with the 
 particle yVc/?;. In a more limited fenfe, fac- 
 ing, or the forbearance of necefljry food: 
 riiftinguifhed from temperance, as that im- 
 plies a moderate ufi- of Idod, but this a total 
 avoiding cf it, for a time. It is a virtue o*" 
 great terviceto perfons of a fedentary life, aiiu 
 numerous in.1.>iices could be produced of its 
 eSicaty in the cure of chfonicjl difcifes, and, 
 
 A B S 
 
 in lengthening out the fliort fpan of humaij 
 exiflence. 
 
 A'BSTINENCY, S. ^ahfir.evtw, L.t.] 
 the fame as ahfi'in^nce : " Wr-re our rewaids 
 tor the ahjhnencies," &c. Ham. Fund^m. 
 
 A'BSTINENT, P^.t. pref. [^hjii„ers, Lat.) 
 temperate, moJeft, whether applied to perfons 
 or things. 
 
 ABSTO'RTED, Part, [abjlcrtus, Lat.] 
 torn, or forced from another, by violence. 
 
 To AESTR A'CT, V. Aft. [abftmho, Laf. 
 to draw from] to ta.ke one thing from ano- 
 ther : figuratively, to feparate, followed by 
 the particle frcm: ufed abfolijtely, the exer- 
 cife of the faculty of the mind, named ab- 
 fl ration ; or feparating ideas from one ano- 
 ther. When applied to writings, to reduce 
 their fubftance to lefs compafs. 
 
 ABSTRA'CT, Part. [ahilraHus, Lat. fee 
 To ABSTRA'CT] feparated from fomething 
 elie 5 generally applied to the operations of 
 the mind. AbHratl terms, are thofe which 
 fignify the mode or quality of a being with- 
 out any regard to the fubje£l in which it in- 
 heres : it is ufed with the particle /row Ab- 
 fii-afl mathematics, thofe br.inches which con- 
 fidcr the quantity, without reflriftion to any 
 particular fpecies of it. AijiraSi rwr.bcrs are 
 afiismblages of units, ccnfwlered in themfelves, 
 without being applied to any fubjeft. 
 
 ABSTRA'CT, S. [from toabjlraa] a com- 
 pendious view of a treatife, more fuperficial 
 than an abridgement: figuratively, npp'ied to 
 perfons, thofe who comprehend all the quali- 
 ties, good or bad, to be found in the fpecies: 
 " A msn who is the ahJlraH of all faults, all 
 men follow." Shakcfp. Anton, and Chop. 
 An abpraB ftate, in allufion to the faculty of 
 abJiraB'ion: "If they be confidered in the 
 abjlraci.'''' Wotton. In a particular fenfe, an 
 idea formed in the mind, on conf.dering a 
 mode, or quality, feparate from all the parti- 
 cular fubjefts in which it inheres : thus mjg- 
 nitude \%&n. abftraEi, when confidered Without 
 being attached to anv panicolar bo.^. 
 
 ABSTRA'CTED, Part, [from abflraB^ 
 feparated, refined, or abllrufe: a difpofition 
 of mind, whereby a perfon is inattentive tj 
 external obje£ls, though prefent : " An ab- 
 JiroEled fcholar." 
 
 ABSTRACTEDLY, Adv. [from chjiraa 
 and ly, of lie or /;«, Sax. implying manncrj 
 in an abflraft manner, diftinft or feparate from 
 contingent circumftaiices. 
 
 ABSTRA'CTION, S. [ahftraBlo, Lar.] 
 an opeiation or faculty of the mind, whereby 
 we feparate things naturally exifting togsther, 
 form and confider ideas thus feparaied. This 
 is performed, ift, by confidarmg one part of a 
 thing, in fome refpedts diftindl from the 
 whole: zdly, by cor.f' 'ering a mode diflindt 
 from the fubjeft in which it inheres: or fe« 
 ver.'.l modes which exift together : as gconic- 
 iricians, when they confider a line, omitting 
 the idea of Icneth and breadth : 3o}y, when 
 C 3 the
 
 ABU 
 
 the tnin^ forms general and univerfal ideas by ' 
 leaving out thofe icieas in which they differ, 
 retaining thofe only in which tliey agree, and 
 connefling then^ together into one complex 
 idea, by giving therr- one name. Ahjirail'iort 
 IS fometimes u'ed for the exercife of this fa- 
 culty- The ftate of being inattentive to ex- 
 ternal objects, or abfence of mind. In Phar- 
 tnacy, the drawing ofFjOr exhaling a menftruum 
 from the fub;eft it w.s intended to refolve. 
 
 ABSTRACTI'TIOUS, Adj. [from ab- 
 Jii-aB]in Pharmacy, the native fpirit of ve- 
 getables, in centtadifiinftion to that which is 
 procund by fermentation. 
 
 ABSTRa'CTIVE, Adj. [from a^ftraa] 
 endugd vith the power of abilrafting, 
 
 ADSTPs-U'SE, Adj. {'■■bffruje, Fr. ahfinijo, 
 It. ahjliufo, Sy-n. oi ah/iiufus, Lat.] obfcure, 
 dark, note^fy to be underftoodj deep, hid- 
 den, or far remoTed from the common appre- 
 henfions or w.iys of conceiving. 
 
 ABSTRU'SENESS, or ABSTRU'SITY, 
 S. difficulty, darknefs, obfciirity, hard to be 
 onJeiftood, or comprehended. 
 
 ABSTRU'SELY, Adv. obfcurely, unin- 
 telligibly. 
 
 AESU'RD, Adj. [o(abfardus, Lat.] jft, 
 not agreeable to reifcn or common fenfe, or 
 that thvvartjjcr goes contrary to, tl.e common 
 notions and apprehsnfions of n\cn. 2d!y, In- 
 confiftent, contrary to reafon. 
 
 ABSU'RDNEGS, or ACSU'RDITY, S. 
 i of abfurditai, Liit.] a contradiftion to com- 
 mon fenfe ; an inconfiftence with reafon. 
 
 ABSU'RDLY, Adv. impertinently, fool- 
 ilhly. 
 
 ABUNDA'KCE, S. [o( abundantia, Lat.] 
 J. great plenty, a. a great many, vaft num- 
 bers : as a^'undanci of people. 3. a great 
 qusntitv. 4. more than fufficient. 
 
 ABUNDAINT, Adj. ^oi abundans, Lat.] 
 plentiful, exuberant, numerous, well ftored 
 with, leplete, or abounding. 
 
 ABUNDA'NT NUMBERS [with /lAth- 
 Tr.tUc'iar.'^ fuch numbers, whofe aliquot parts, 
 added together, make more than the whole 
 jinmlx;r of which they are pares; as 20, 
 whole aliquot parts are 10, 5, 4, 2, I, v.hich 
 jnake 12. 
 
 ABUNDA'NTIA, as an allegorical deity, 
 was reprefentid by ;he ancients as a beautiful 
 woman, crowned with flowers, having on a 
 green garment bordered with gold : in her 
 right hand was a horn fiUed with fruits^ and 
 in her left, ears of corn, f^anjing in the midft 
 of all forts oi temporal WlefTin^s. 
 
 ABUNDA!NTLY, Adv. plentifully, in 
 great numbers, amply. 
 
 To ABUSE, V. A,&. [abutor, LtH.'] i 
 To mace a bad ufe of. 2. To impol'e upon, 
 er deceive. 3. To aftVont or treat rudely. 
 
 ABC'SE, S. [from cbuje] ift, the ill or 
 improper ufe of a thing. 2. A vicious prailice 
 pr bad cuftoTi. 3. Unjuft cenfure. 4. Carnal 
 Unowledoe^ either with or v/ithout viclenct. 
 
 A C A 
 
 SELF-ABU'SE, S. the crime called other- 
 wife felf-polhition. 
 
 ABU'SER. S. [from alufe'] the perfoq 
 wha makes an ill ufe of any thing. An im- 
 poftor, feducer, ravifher ; one who makes uf? 
 of reproachful language, or is guilty of rude- 
 nefs towards another. 
 
 ABU'SCO, S. [in iJierar/c] a figure, the 
 fame as catachrefis, by which a word is not 
 ufed in its {}ri£l and moft proper fenfe, but 
 with fome confiderable reduftions and abate- 
 ments, as W5r/;/), though, ftriclly fpe^king, 
 appropri?.ted to God, by a catachrefis, may be 
 applied to magiftrates and women. The 
 Scriptures ufes it in thefe (o widely different 
 fenfcs in one and the fame fentence : " They 
 tuorpipped God and the king." 
 
 ABU'SIVE, Adj. [ahufivui, Lat.] info- 
 lent, offenfive, injurious, 
 
 ABU'SI VEL Y, Adv.improperly, ofFenfiv^- 
 Iv, rudelv, reproachfully. 
 ■ ABU'SIVENESS, S. [from abufe'] the ufe 
 of reproachful language ; or the exercife of 
 rude and unmerited incivility. 
 
 To ABU'TjOrABU'TT, V.N. [of abutir, 
 Fr.] to terminate, bound, or border upon an- 
 other place or thing. 
 
 ABU'TMENT, S. that which abuts or 
 borders upon another. 
 
 ABU'TILON, S, [in Botany] the yellow 
 marfli mallows. 
 
 ABY{SM, S. [abifmc, old Fr. now wrote 
 abin:(} a deep place that has no bottom, whe- 
 ther by land or water. 
 
 ABY'SMAL, A. pertaining to an abyfs. 
 ABY'SS, S. fof ASj^isf^, Gr. of a pri- 
 vative, and Buj-j-©^, a bottom] i. A bottom- 
 lefs pit or gulf, or any prodigious deep where 
 no bottom can be found, or is fuppofed to have 
 no bottom ; a vaft unfathomable depth of wa- 
 ters. 2. In a figurative fenfe, that in which 
 any thing is loft. 3. The vaft colleftion of 
 waters, fuppofed to be inclofed in the bowels 
 of the earth. 4. Among Divines, it is ofter> 
 ufed to fignify hell. 
 
 A. C. an abbreviation for Ante Chriftum ; 
 or. before Chrift. 
 
 AC, AK, or AKE, at the beginning or 
 end of a name of a town or place is the Saxon 
 v/ord [flfj which fignlfies an oak, as A£ton 
 is as m ch as to fay osk-town, and Auftiij's 
 ac, Auflin's oak ; and as for the names of pcr- 
 fons of the fame form, they are for the moft 
 part derived from the places of their birth, or 
 f'jme atchievement there, 
 
 ACA'CIA, [in Botany] Egyptian thorn, 
 or binding bean-tree. This Acacia ftiled Vei.', 
 i. e. true, is the tree from whofe branches ex- 
 udes the Gum Arabic, and from whence the 
 Succus Acacia?, or juice pf Acacia, is drawn 
 and ftiled. 
 
 ACA'CIA-VERA.S.istheinfcirTated juice 
 of the above, which is brought from the Le- 
 vant in round balls of difTvirent fizes, wrapt in 
 very thin (jladdcrso 
 
 ACA'CIA,
 
 r 
 
 A C A 
 
 ACA'CIA, S, [with Medalifts] a kind of 
 Toll, refembling a bag, feen on medals, in the 
 hands of fcveral of the confute and emperors 
 after Ana'afius. 
 
 ACA'CIA GERMANICA, S, 5. e. the 
 German Acacia, which is made of the in- 
 fpiflated juice of unripe floes, and put up in 
 bladders in the fame manner as that of Egypt, 
 yet it is eafily diftingui/hed by its colour; 
 which is as black as that of Spanifh liquorice. 
 
 ACA'COS, Adj. [of a private and KflKoj, 
 Gr, bad] a term applied, by medical writers, 
 to dirtempers which are not dangerous. 
 
 ACADE'MICAL, Adj. [from Acadenucus, 
 Lat. of Ana^nfjunoi;, Or.] belonging or relat- 
 ing to an academy, 
 
 ACADE'MIC, or ACADE'MICK, Adj. 
 ffrom Academicus, Lat.J belonging to the 
 academy. 
 
 ACADF-'MICS, S. [AxaS^.uoiof, Gr.] the 
 difciples of Plato, who were fo named, be 
 caufe they ftudied in the public fchool, calle) 
 ^cadem'ta, a famous fchool not far irom A- 
 thens, built and planter! with trees, as fome 
 fay, by Cadmus the Phoe.nician, > thers by 
 ^cademicus, whofe great dogma was, unum 
 fcio quod nihil jcio, i. e. I know this one thing, 
 that 1 know nothing; A feci of fceptical phi- 
 lofophers, who taught, that all things were 
 uncertain, and that men ought lo doubt oi all 
 tfainps, and believe nothing. 
 
 ACADE'MlCIAN.orACA'DEMlAN.S. 
 a name ufed for me»T.l)ers of modern Academies, 
 •r inftituted focieties of learned men, 
 
 ACADE'MIC, ACADE'MICK, S. in a 
 large fenfe, fignifies a member of an univerfity 
 at fchool, where languages and other branches 
 of polite education are taught. 
 
 ACA'DEMY, S. [otAcademla, Lit.'] It 
 was originally a public place planted with trees 
 at Athens, fo called from one Academus, who 
 prefented it. A place where learned rru'n met 
 to confer upon the difcoveiies already made in 
 the fciences, or to try experiments for their 
 further improvement. It is fometimes ufed for 
 a college, or univerfity; a place where per- 
 fons are taught the liberal arts and fciences, 
 &c. It is alfo ufed for a particular f< ciety of 
 ingenious perfons, rflablilhed for the improve- 
 ment of learning;, &c. and lor a fort of col- 
 legiate fchool, or feminary, where young per- 
 fonr are inftru£let1, in a private way, in the 
 liberal arts and fciences. 
 
 ACA'DEMY, or ACA'DEMY FIGURE 
 [with Painters] is a drawing or defign, done 
 after a model with crayon or pencil. 
 
 ACA'DtMY, S. [of Horfemanftiip] is alfo 
 ufed to f)j;nify a ridire fchool, a place where 
 perfons arc taught to ride the great horfe, and 
 other exercites, as fencing, &c. 
 
 ACA.'DIA, S. or New Scoi'artd, one of the 
 Britiili colonies in North- Amcrca, fituated 
 between 41 and 51 degrees of North latitude, 
 and between 63 and 70 Jeg:ees of Welf ionpi - 
 tu^e. It is bounded i^y the river St. Lawrence 
 
 AC A 
 
 and the Atlantic Ocean on the eaft, and by 
 the bay of Fundy, and the feas of Acadia on ' 
 the fouth, and by Canada and New England 
 on the weft. The chief town is Annapolis, 
 
 ACA'ID, S. [with Chemifts] vinegar. 
 
 ACA'JOU, S. [the cofl'u-nut] the fruit of 
 a tree growing in the Antilles, and in many 
 places of the continent of America. 
 
 ACALY'PHE, [AxaXufr,, Gr.] the fea- 
 nettle or great ftinging nettle ; likewife a fi/h 
 of eafy digeftion; a fea-fowl, jnd a fea-animal. 
 
 ACALY'PHE, [in Botany] three- feeded 
 mercury. There are three fpecies of it; pro- 
 pagated from feed, which (hey fcatter them- 
 felves, better than if fown by the hand. 
 
 ACANACE'OUS, [of Ax^^a, to fh..rpen, 
 or rather Axa 9st, a thornj ptickly ; applied 
 toalJ plants of ihethiftle k:nd, and fometimes 
 alfo to the promin-nt parts of animals. 
 
 ACANTA'BOLUS, S. [Axav1a|3sx©-, of 
 AKav9a, a thorn, and BaXXo;, to caft out, Gr.J 
 a iurgeon's inftrument, defcribed by Paulus 
 .^gineta, refembling tweezers, ufei in ex trac- 
 ing a cariated piece of a bone, th-it is loofe, or 
 thorns, or any thing extriineous In a wound, as' 
 a tent, &c. Alfo, in pulling aw sy hairs, &c, 
 
 ACAN'THA, S. [AKayBa, Or.] a thorn, 
 brier, or brjmble, Lat, 
 
 ACA'NTHA, S. [with Anatomifts] the 
 moft ^'ickward protuberance of the vertebrae of 
 the back, otherwife called Spina Dorfi. 
 
 ACA'NTHICE, S. [Axa-Ay.n, Gr.] 3 
 fweef and plealant juice, contained in the top 
 of pejletorv. L^t. 
 
 ACA'NTHUS, S. [Axavfi©-, Gr.J the 
 herb bear's-brrech, or bear's-.'OiJt, or brank- 
 urfine. 
 
 ACA'NTHUS, S. [in Archlteaure] the 
 reprtfentation of the precedent pl.tnt on the 
 capitals of pillars. The Greek archite£ts made 
 ule ot the I'mooth fort in the Corin'hian and 
 Compofite orders ; and the Goihic, the wild, 
 not only in their capitals, but in other orna- 
 ment"! likewife. 
 
 ACA'NTHUS, S. [in Mythology] a youth 
 chjneed info the flower or his n^me. 
 
 ACA'NZII, S. T.irkifh light horfe; the 
 advanced guard of the Grand Seipnior's forces. 
 
 A- APA'LTI, S. a plant of New Spain or 
 Mexico, which produces long pepper, 
 
 ACAPU'LCO, [P. N.J ^ port- town of 
 North America, fiiuated in 'he province of 
 Mexico, on a fine bay ot tlie South Se , from 
 whence a rich <hip fails annually to M.)nila, 
 in the Philippine illes, near the coall 01 China 
 Ti Alia, and another returns annu.illy Ironi 
 thence to Acapulco, laden with all the trcafures 
 of the Eaft-Jndies. 
 
 ACA'RNAR, or ACHF.RNER, S. fin 
 Aftronoinyl a bright rixed ftar of the firll 
 magnitude in Eridanus. 
 
 A' •A'RON, [Ax.^ov, Gr.] the plant wild 
 myrtle, or gow ; alfo butcher's broom. 
 
 ACA'RUS, [Axa.^©-, Gr.J in Natural 
 
 Hiftory, almall wor.n brccQing in wax ; ai.''c» 
 
 C 4 a kind
 
 A C C 
 
 ikind of vermin which lodge themfelvcs lin- 
 ger the cuticula, by fome ftiled hand worms. 
 
 ACA'STUS, the fon of I'eiias, king of 
 TbefTdly, famous for his fportmanfhip. 
 
 ACA'TALECTOS^orACA'TALECTIC 
 Verfe, ["AxaTaXtjxltx©', Gr.] a verle exaftly 
 perfefl, in which there is not one fyllable too 
 much or too little. 
 
 ACA'TALEPSIS,S. [ofAK.n:tx4ia,Gr.] 
 incomprehenfiblenefs, or the impofTibiliiy of 
 comprehending or conceiving a thing. 
 
 ACA'TALEPTIC, Aaj. [AxaTaXi"®', 
 Gr.J inconiDrehenfible, 
 
 ACA'TALIS, S. ['AHclaMi, Or.] the lef- 
 {et kind of juniper. 
 
 ACATERA, S. ['Ayalr.^a, Gr.] the 
 great juniper tree. 
 
 ACATE'RY, S. in the king's hoiifliold] 
 a fort of check between the clerks of the 
 king's kitchin and furveyor. 
 
 ACATHA'RSIA, S. ['AxaS^^s-ia, Or. of 
 <6 negative, and Kx.6xt^v, to puree or cieanfej 
 that filth or irr^purity in a cifeafed body, which 
 IS not yet purged oft'. In Surgery, ic fignifies 
 the forde? or impurities of wounds. 
 
 ACATIA, or ACA'CIA, S. a little thorn 
 growing in Egypt, out of the leaves and fruit 
 cf which is prcircd a bldck juice, which being 
 dried, is called by the Ume name, and h^s a 
 *ery aftritlive qasl ty. 
 
 ACA^TIUM, S. [from Akk, a point. Or.] 
 a kind of boat or pinnace, u'.'ed by tiie ancients 
 in military afljirs ; of the fptcits of the naves 
 adhuaiia?. or veiTeis wrought by oars. 
 
 ACAU-'LiS, or ACaI'LOS, S. [from a 
 reg. and Caul:!, a ftalk] in Botany, applied to 
 plants, wh'ife fiower rcfts on ihe gtojnd, with- 
 out any vifible lialk. 
 
 A'CCA, S. bifhop of Hogulftjrft, or Hen- 
 bam in Northumberland, in which fee he 
 fucceeded Wilfrid, anno 709. 
 
 ACCAPI'TIUM, S. [from cJ and caput 
 the head] in law-boo.ks, the fum of money 
 paid by a vafi'ai to his lord, upon his admilTjon 
 to a feu. Likewifereiiefdue to the chief lord. 
 
 ACCE-'DAS AD cu.-iiAM, S. a writ di- 
 ^edled to the flierifT, rtrquiring him to go to 
 the court of fome lord or fr.inchife, where any 
 falle judgment is fuppofed to have been made 
 an any fuit in a court of record, that a record 
 may be mr.de of ihe fame fuii there, and cer- 
 tified in the king's court. 
 
 ACCE'DAS An vicecomitek, V. [in 
 tawj is a writ diiedled to a coroner, com- 
 jnanding him to deliver a writ to the fiieriff, 
 who fuppclTes a />£)/;i- delivered. 
 
 ToACCt'DE, V.N [.icce,-lo, Lu. cf ^^ 
 lo, and c:Jo, to yield] to come Ut, to draw 
 ^lear to, to enter into, or to add one's felf t.- 
 fcmethmg .already fuppofed to take place; as 
 1" iuch a fiate acceded to a war ov treaty ;' 
 i, e. ihe joined the other powers, and became 
 jQ psrtv if, it. 
 
 " To'aCCE'LF.RATE, V. A. [acakro, Lit. 
 ti ad and c(ti.r, fwittj to Iiaften, to cjuickcji,, 
 
 A C C 
 
 to fpur on with fuperaddcd motion and esp^» 
 dition. 
 
 ACCE'LERATED MOT.ION,S. [in Me- 
 chanics] a motion which receives continual 
 increments or acceflions of velocity. 
 
 ACCE'LERATION, S. [of acceUmio, 
 Lat.J J haftening, &c. 
 
 ACCE'LERATION, S, [with Philofo- 
 plursj a continual encreafe of velocity in any 
 heavy bodies, tending towards the center of 
 the earth by the force of gravity. 
 
 ACCE'LERATION. S. [with the antient 
 Aftronomers] a term ufed in refpeifl to the 
 fixed rtars, which fignified the difference be- 
 tween the revolution of the primum mobile 
 and the folar revolution ; it was computed at 
 3 minutes and 56 fcconds. 
 
 ACCE'LERATORES, S, [in An.^tomyJ 
 certain mufcles fo called c,^ accelero, to hailcn. 
 
 ACCE'LERATORES URIN^^.S. [with 
 Anatomifts] a pair of muicles belon«;ing to the 
 penis; the ule of which is to expedite the. 
 palTage of the urine, and the feed. 
 
 To ACCEIsD, V. A. [aucr.d;, Lat. oi ad 
 to, and candeo, to glowj to fet on fire. 
 
 ACCE'NSION; S. [in Philbfophy] the 
 kindlinj or fttting any natural body on fire. 
 
 ACCE'Nil, S. [Lat. of ac and c<n/ro, t.o 
 reckon] a kind of fupen.umcrjry foldiers a- 
 mcng the Romans, fubiV.iutcd in the place of 
 thcfe who were killed, or rendered incapable 
 by their wounds. 
 
 ACCE'NSI, S. [Lat. from acc'ieo, to fend 
 lor] a kind of ofiicers among the antient Ro- 
 mans, rel'embling our uihers, (erjeants, or tip- 
 ftavcs, which eenjrally attencied the magif- 
 trates. They were chofen out of the libeiti 
 or eiiJrancliifed, and the oftice was elleemed 
 rather laboricus than honourable. 
 
 A'CCENT, S. [of Acfcnttis, Lat. of ad. to» 
 ?.nd car.Oy to fi.Tg] the rifing or falling of the 
 voice, a tone and manner of pronunciation, 
 contracT>;d from thecouBtry in which a pcrfon 
 was bred, or refided a confiderable time. 
 
 A''CCENT, S. [viith Rhetoricians] a tone 
 or mod'jl.tiion of the voice, ufed foinetimes to 
 denote the intention of ihs fpealter witii re- 
 gard to energy or force, and exprelTive of the 
 fcnijments and pafllons. 
 
 Grave A'CCENT, S, is this mirk (') 
 over a vowel, to /hew that the voice is to be 
 deprefTcd. 
 
 Acute A'CCENT, S. is this mnrk (') 
 over a vowel, to Ihevv that the voice is to be 
 raifed. 
 
 Circumflex A'CCENT, S. is this 
 n';ark(") over a vowel in Greek, and poiius 
 oiit a kinJ of undulation in the vtice. 
 
 The Long A'CCENT [in Grammar] 
 {liews that the voice is lo dwell upon the 
 vowel, and is cxpreffed ihus ( - ). 
 
 The Short A'CCENT [\:\ Grammar] 
 fhews that the time of pronouncing ought to 
 be rtiart, and is marked thus ( " ). 
 
 A'CCENT, S. [in MulicJ a certain undu- 
 
 l.ition 
 
 \
 
 AC C 
 
 tation or warbling of the voice, to exprefs the 
 paiFions either naiuially or artificially. 
 
 To A'CCENT, V. A. [accent us, Lat. of 
 acano] I. To mark with an atYf«r. z. To 
 pronounce with regard to the accents, 
 
 ACCE'NTOR, S. [of accino, Lat. to fing 
 jn concertj one who fings the tieble or highcil 
 pait in a choir. 
 
 To ACCENTUA'TE, V. A. [accentuer, 
 Ft.] to place the proper accents in reading, 
 fpeaking, or writing, on the vowels or fyJla- 
 bles *f any word. 
 
 ACCENTUA'TION, S. a pronouncing or 
 marking a word, fo as to lay a ftrefs of the 
 voice upon the right vowel or fyllable. 
 
 ToACCE'PT, V, A. [of accipio, Lat.] 
 to receive favourably or kindly, to take with 
 particular approbation, either with or without 
 the particle of. " He will accej>i money," or 
 of money. 
 
 ACCEPTABLE, Adj. [of accepiabUis, low 
 Lat.] that may be favourably or kindly re- 
 ceived, agreeable. 
 
 ACCETTABLY, Adv. Agreeably. 
 
 ACCEI-'TABi'LlTY, S. [of acaptalle] 
 the qualification of being received with liking 
 and approbation, 
 
 ACCE'PTABLENESS, S. [{torn accept- 
 able] the quality wliich renders a thing worthy 
 of a reception, joined with approbation. 
 
 ACCE'PTAN'CE, S. [of acceptans] an ac- 
 cepting or receiving favourably or kindly 5 
 fometimes the meaning or manner of taking a 
 word, with the accent promikuoufly on the 
 firif or fecond fyllable. 
 
 ACCE/PTANCE or ACCEPT A'TION, 
 S. [in Law] is the tacit agreement to fome 
 att done by another bernre, which might have 
 been avoided, if fuch agreement or acceptance 
 had not been made. 
 
 ACCE'PTANCE, S. [in Commerce] is 
 the fubfcriliing or figning an inland bill of ex- 
 change, which makei the perfon debtor for 
 the fum of its contents, and obliges him to 
 difcharge it at the time which it mentions. 
 
 ACCEPTA'TION, S. [acceptatwr., Fr.] 1. 
 The received meaning 01 a v^ord, or the fenfe 
 jn which it is uiually taken. 2. Reception of 
 any perfon or thing, cither agreeably or not. 
 3. Particular regard as to acceptabienefs and 
 manner of reception 
 
 ACCL'PTLR, S. [from accrft] he who 
 accepts, 
 
 ACCE'PTER, S. [in Commerce] the per- 
 fon who accepts a bill oy figning it, and there- 
 by obliges himfclf to pay the contents when 
 due. 
 
 ACCEPTILA'TION, S, [in Civil Law] 
 an acquittance given by a creditor to a debtor, 
 without receiving any part of the debt. 
 
 A'CCESS, S, [oi accefus, Lat.J i. Ad- 
 mittance, approach or psliate to a place or per- 
 fon. 2. Licence or means to approach any 
 thinj, 3. [of ac'rjTio, LiK.} acccfiion to any 
 tjiing, additicnil increafe. 
 
 A C C 
 
 A'CCESS, S. [acrs, Fr.] return, or fit oF 
 an ague or other dil^emper. 
 
 A'CCESSARINESS, S. [accifary, corrupt- 
 ed for acc:£oiy, which fee] the quaHty otftate 
 of being acce[fory. 
 
 ACCE'SSIB'LE, Adj. [oi accejibilh, Lat.] 
 that may be approached, reached, or come to. 
 It is ufed with the particle fa before theobjedV. 
 ACCE'SSIBLE HEIGHT, is either that 
 which may be mealured mechanically, by ap- 
 plying a raeafure to it; or elfe it is a height 
 whofe bafe can be apj-roached to, and from 
 thence a length meafurcd on the grotind. 
 
 ACCE'SSION, S. [acceffio. Lit.] i. Ad- 
 dition or incrcafe J the adl whereby a thing is 
 Superadded to another; joining one's felf to 
 any thing elfe. 2. Coming to, as thecotning 
 of a king to the crown. 
 
 ACCE'SSION, S. [in Phyfic] the begin- 
 ning of a paroxyfm. 
 
 ACCE'SSOR, S, [accede, Lat,] a comer 
 to ; one who joins himfclf to any party, 
 
 ACCE'SSORILY, Adv, [from accefory'^ 
 in the manner or form of a partaker, aider, 
 abettor, or accefl'ory, 
 
 ACCESSO'RIUS WILLISII [witli Ana- 
 tom.ifts] a nerve fo termed from Dr. Willis, 
 who firft difcovered it, 
 
 ACCESSO'RY, Adj. [acc^orius, Lat.] ad- 
 ditional, fuperadded, an accomplice. 
 
 ACCESSARY or ACCESSA'RY, S. [in 
 Civil Lasv] any thing that of right belongs or 
 depends on another, although it be feparated 
 from it ; as it tiles be taken from an houfe to 
 be laid on again ; they are an accejfary, if the 
 houfe be to be fold. 
 
 ACCESSO'RY, S, [by Statute] a perfon 
 who commands, advifes, or conceals anoffen- 
 dsr, guilty of felony by itatute, 
 
 ACCESSO'RY or ACCESSA'RY, S, pa 
 Common Law] a perfon guilty of felony, 
 though not principally, as by advice, com- 
 mand, concealment; and this may be eitiier 
 before or after the fatl, 
 
 A'CCIDENCE, S, [r.ccldentia, Lat,J a lit- 
 tle book, containing the firft principles of the 
 Latin tongje. 
 
 Per A'CCIDENS [withPhilofophers] that 
 which does not follow from the nature of th^ 
 thing, but *rom fome accidental quality of it. 
 A'CCIDENT, S, [ofacc'iderz, Lat.J a ca- 
 faalty or chance; a contingent efte£^, or fome- 
 thing produced cafually, or without any fore- 
 knowledge or dcrtination of it in the agent that 
 produced it, or to whom it happens, A thing 
 is alfo frequently ftiled an accidcKt in reference 
 to its caufc, or at leaft to our knowledge of 
 it, and by this an effert either cafnally pro- 
 duced, or which appears to have been fo to 
 us, is commonly underftood. In Grammar, 
 the property of words, fuch as their d.vifion 
 into fubftantives and adjeflives, their dcclen- 
 
 Ifions, cafes, numbers, and genders of nouns J 
 their conjugations, moods, Kinfc^, nuntiers, 
 perfons^^iS'f, pf verbs. In phyfic, it is an tfW^ 
 
 which
 
 A C C 
 
 •which IS not produced imrredistely from tlie 
 firft caulc, dul by fcm<; other iiitervenirg in- 
 cidents, and is analogous to tlie word Synip 
 tool. Among the Logicians, whatever dues 
 hot belong to the being or eliVncc of a tr<'nu, 
 as a man's cloaths, money, &c. are called ac- 
 eidintt; alfo (u h qu.iiiiies as are changeable, 
 as red in cloth, btcauie that, purely -^s cloth; 
 it might have been, and may fli 1, be brown, 
 bkck, tff. In Heraldry, accidctits are the 
 principal points in the efcutchron; and witn 
 the Aiiroiogcrs, the moft extraordinarv cir 
 cumfhnces thai have occurred in the coutieof 
 a perfon's life. 
 
 Abrolute A'CCIDENT [with Roman C^ 
 tholicsj is an accuknt which -tees or mn- 
 po/Tibly fubfill at lead miraculoufly, o^ by 'omc 
 iupernatural power, without a fuhjf<f>. 
 
 ACCiDi:'NTAL, Adj. {accukntal.s., Lat.J 
 pertaining to accidents, happening by ch mce j 
 Ibmetimes it dcBotes any thing adventitious. 
 This lad is uniifual. 
 
 ACCIDE'NTAL POINT, S. [in Per- 
 fpeftivej a point in the horizontal line, wherr. 
 lines parallel among theml'elves meet, though 
 not perpendicular to the figure. 
 
 ACCIDEN'TALLY, Adv. in a manner 
 not eiFei ti.il or neceffary ; by mere chance , 
 vithout previous defien or inteniion.' 
 
 ACCIDEN'T ALNESS, S. \o\ accUentalii, 
 Lat j I. The happening by chance, z- Qua- 
 lity of being accidental, 
 
 ACCi'DjOUS,Adi.[afir;W;w,Lat.]nothful. 
 ACCi'Dny, S. [acciduat, Lat.J floth- 
 fulnefs. 
 
 ACCI^NCT, Adj. [accir.liusyhzu] girded, 
 prepared, read v. 
 
 ACCl'PIENT, Part, [accifiem, Lat.] J. 
 Receiv.ng, 2. A receiver. 
 
 ACOPITRI'NIA, S. [in Botany] the 
 herb h^wkweed. 
 
 A'CCIUS, [Ltic'.us] a celebrated traeii 
 writer among the Romans : He was the fun of 
 a freedaian. and, according to St. Jerom, was 
 born in the confulfliip of y^«/i/j Hoftihui Man- 
 c'.iius, and AtlUiui Serxanui, about 170 years 
 before Chrift. 
 
 ACCLA'IM, S. acclamation, Mlhov. 
 ACCLAMA'TION.S. fof<7a/tfw;ar;o,Lat.] 
 a fhouting for joy ; exprelTing applaule, e! 
 teem, or approbation. 
 
 ACCLI'VIS, S. [in Anatomy] a mufde 
 called A^o oldi'^uui ajcendcm. 
 
 ACCUVITV, S. [accli-vl-at, Lat.] the 
 afcent of a liill j and among Oeometcrs, the 
 Copeof a lineor plane incliai.g to thehonzon 
 upwards. 
 
 ACCLKVOUS, Adj.[«c.'//w, Lut.] rifinn 
 upwards with a flope. 
 
 To ACCL'OY, V. A. I. To trowd, or 
 ovctf.ll. 2. To furfeit or fatialp. 
 
 ACCLO'VD, Pait. [with Farriers] de- 
 note? a horlc's bein;; pricked in Ihoeitig. 
 
 Jo ACCO'lL, V. N. to bunie, ciuwd, or 
 be in a hutiy. bee Co it. 
 
 A C C 
 
 A'CCOLADE, S. an embracing about the 
 neck ; a ceremony anciently ufed in conferring 
 of knighthood. 
 
 A'CCOLEN T, S. [sccokns, Lat.] he who 
 inhabits near, or a bor<lerer on any place. 
 
 ACCOLLE', Part, [in Heraldry] collared 
 or wearing a colbr. Fr. 
 
 ACCOMMOD A'BLE, Adj. [cc:ommodabi- 
 
 I.s, Lat.] that which may be firteo to another 
 
 tnu g, in it: orimaiy lignificatioo ; in its fe- 
 
 oniary, thai which miy be reconciled to, is 
 
 ^o ififlent With, or may be applied to. 
 
 To AvCO'M.V.ODATE, V. A, to pro- 
 vide or furnifh with conveniences ; to agree, 
 compofc, make up, or adjuft a matter in dif- 
 pute; to adapt, fit, or app.y one matter or 
 'hing to ano'her. 
 
 To ACCO'iMMODATE, V. A. [with 
 Oeoirjetririans] to adapt or fit a line or figure 
 ij.to a circle, &€. according as the conditions 
 of the propofilioii or problem require. 
 
 ACCO'MMODATE, Adj. [o( a$:o>rmoda- 
 iu!y La'.J when ufed wih the particle_/b^, it 
 oenotes convenient or proper J with the particle 
 to, it implies fuital le. 
 
 ACCO'MMODATELY, Adv. in a con- 
 venient, fuiiabi'e, or fit manner. 
 
 ACCOMMODA'TION, S. [accommodatio, 
 Lnt.] I. An adapting, fitting, adjufting, &'c, 
 2. The compofin^ or putting an end to a dif- 
 ference, q\i 'rrel, Gfc. 5, Convenience. 
 
 ACCO'MPANIMENT,, S. the adding of 
 one thing to another by way of ornamervt. In 
 Heraldry, the m.mtlings, fupporter , &c. In 
 iVlufie, the inffrumentsl part playing or mov- 
 ing, while the voice is llnging. 
 
 To ACCCMPANY, V. A. [acccmpagnen, 
 Fr] I. To go or come with, to wait on, to keep 
 company with. a. To join or unite with. 
 
 To ACCO'MPANY a Voice, /. e. to play 
 to it with proper inftrnments. 
 
 ACCO'MPLICE, S. [accomplice, Fr.] one 
 who has a hand in a matter, or who is privy 
 to the fame crime or dcfign with another. 
 
 To ACCOMPLISH, V. A.[<«aow/>/;V,Fr.] 
 I. To perform, fini/h, or fulfil. 2. To exe- 
 cute or bring a matter or thing to perteftion. 
 3. To complete a p^iiod of time. 4. To obtain 
 or acquire. A pcrfon well accomphjhed, one 
 who has extraordinary parts, and has acquired 
 great acromnlifhments in learniug. 
 
 ACCO'MPLlSHMENT,S. the perfefling, 
 ending, fulfilling, or atchieving of any mat- 
 ter or thing entirely or completely. Alfo an 
 acquirement in learning, arts, Iciences, or 
 gcod behaviour. 
 
 ACCO'MPT, [accompie,Yi.'] all computa- 
 tio;is made arithmetically. In Commerce, 
 jll thofe bcoks in which merchants and olher 
 frjders regirtcr their tranl'a£\ions. Merchants 
 acronpts aie thole which are kept by double 
 cntiy. 
 
 ACCO'MPT in Company, is between two 
 merch.= n s or tracers, wherein the tranlaftiona 
 lelat.ve 10 their partncrlhip are r.-^jriOered, 
 
 ACCO'MPT,
 
 A C C 
 
 ACCO'MPT in Bank, is a funci depofite 
 either at fome banker's or the bank, by tra- 
 ders, as running calh, to be emploj';'d in pay- 
 ment of bills. 
 
 ACCO'MPT of Sales, is an information 
 given by one merchant to another, or by a 
 faftor to his principal, of the difpofal, ret 
 proceeds, &c. of goods fent for the proper 
 account of the fender or fenders who confign- 
 ed the fame. 
 
 ACCO'MPTANT, S. [aaomf^fant. Fr,] 
 one who is not only well Skilled in carting up 
 accompts, but in book-keeping. 
 
 ACCO'IVIPTANTSHIP, S. [from aaomp- 
 tant] the qualifications neceflary for an ac- 
 comptant. 
 
 ACCO'RD, S. [Fr.] i. Agreement or 
 compaft. 2. Agreement of mind. 3. Mutual 
 harmony or fymmetry. 4. Self-motion j as, 
 *' It opened of its own accord.''^ 
 
 ACCO'RD, S. [in Common Law] agree- 
 jnent between feveral perfons or parties, to 
 make fatisfadlion for an affront or trefpafs 
 (Committed one againft another. 
 
 ACCO'RD, S.[in MuficJ is the proJuaion, 
 mixture, and relation of two founds, of which 
 the one is grave, and the other acute. 
 
 To ACCO'RD, V. N. [i'aucrJer, Fr.] to 
 agree, to hang together. 
 
 To ACCO'RD, V. A. t. To tune two or 
 more inftruments, fo as they fi»ll found the 
 fame note when touched by the hand or bow 
 Z. To harmonize. 
 
 ACCO'RDING, or ACCO'RDING TO. 
 I. Agreeable to, in proportion. 2. With re- 
 gard to. 
 
 ACCO'RDANCE, S. friendlhip, confor- 
 mity, confiftence, or agreement with. 
 
 ACCO'RDINGLY, Adv. [from accorj] 
 conformable or confiftent with. In the be- 
 ginning of a fentence it refers to what went 
 before, and implies a dedu(ftion from it, 
 
 ACCORPORA'TED, 'Parr, [accorporatus, 
 Lat.j joii'ied or put to, embodied. 
 
 To ACCO'ST, V. A. [accojler, Fr.] to 
 piakeorcomeup to a petron,and fpe<ik to him. 
 ACCO'UNT, S. [conte, Fr.] i. A com- 
 putation of the number of certain things j a 
 reckoning. 2. The total or tefult of computa- 
 tion. 3. Eftimation or value. 4. Rank, dignity, 
 or diftinftion. 5. Regard, confideration, for the 
 fake ot : as, " Sempronius gives no thanks on 
 this flfcouw/." 6. Reafon or caufe. 7. Narra- 
 tive or relation. 8. Opinion or belief. 9. Review 
 cr examination. 10. Explanation, or aflign- 
 ment of caules. 1 1. The reafons of any thing 
 collefted. 12. Profit, gain, or advantage. 
 
 ACCOU'NT, S. [in a Law fenfej a par- 
 ticular detail or enumeration delivered to a 
 court or juHge, &'c. of what a man has re- 
 ceived or expended for another, in the manage- 
 ment oi his affairs. AKo, 
 
 ACCOU'NT.or ACCOMPT, S. [in Com- 
 pipn Law] a v/rit or atlion that lies againft 
 
 A C C 
 
 a man, who by his office is obliged to give ai* 
 account to another (as a bailiff to his mafter,) 
 and refufes to do it. 
 
 Upon no ACCOU'NT, or by no means. 
 
 Upon a!l ACCOU'NTS. i. By all means. 
 2. In every refoect. 
 
 To ACCOU'NT, V. to compute ; in the 
 paflive voice, to be reckoned, or efteemed. 
 With the partideyor, it denotes to explain, by 
 afligning the caufes and reafons. With the 
 particle ro, it implies to be charged, applied, 
 appropriated, or affigned to. With the par- 
 ticle of, to eftimate, or to be valued. Laftly, 
 to be imputed. 
 
 ACCOUNTABLE, Adj. [from accouvtj 
 liable to give an account, anfwerable. 
 
 ACCOU'NTANT, S. [in Law] a perfon 
 who is obliged to render an account to another. 
 
 ACCOU'NTANT GENERAL, an officer 
 belon-ging to the court of chancery, appointed 
 by parliament to receive all money lodged in 
 court, and convey it to the bank of England. 
 
 -To ACCO'UPLE, V. A. [aaoufler, Fr.] 
 to link or join together. 
 
 To ACCOU'TRE, V. A. [accoutrtr, Fr.) 
 to drefs, attire, trim, efpecially with warlike> 
 accoutrements, 
 
 ACCOU'TREMENT, S. i. Drefs, 2. 
 Equipage, furniture, or habiliments of war. 
 3. Ornaments. 
 
 ACCRE'TION, S. [of cd and crefco'] 
 growing to another, fo as to augment it. 
 
 ACCRE'TION, S. [with Naturalifts] an 
 addition of matter to any body externally ; 
 but it is frequently applied to the increafe of 
 fuch bodies es are without life ; and it is alfo 
 called appofition, or juxta-appofition. 
 ^ ACCRE'TION, or ACCREMENT, S. 
 [with Civilians] a vacant portion, joined with 
 grounds poffeffed by another. 
 
 ACCRE'TIVE, S. [from accreth, Lat.] 
 that by which growth is increafed; that by 
 which vegetation is augmented. 
 
 To ACCRO'ACH, V. [accrocher, Fr.] a 
 law term, to inctcach to drav? away anothet's 
 property. 
 
 ACCRO'ACHMENT, S. the aft of in- 
 croaching on the property of another. 
 
 ACCRO'CHE, Part, [in Heraldry] is 
 when one thing hooks into another. 
 
 To ACCRU'E, V. N. [o(accrefco, Lat. 
 or accro'itre, Fr.] i. To Le encreafcd or added 
 to. 2. In a commercial lenfe, to arife or pro- 
 ceed from. 
 
 To ACCU^MULATE, V. A. [accumulo, 
 Lat.] to heap up, or pile one thing upon an» 
 other; to gaiiier or amafs together in great 
 quantities. 
 
 ACCUMULATION, S. \accumulatlo, 
 Lat. J rejieated acquilitions and additions J an 
 .imaffing ; the ftate of a thing amalicd. 
 
 ACCU'MULATIVE, Adj. [from accu- 
 mulute] that which iiicreafes, or that which is 
 .tdded 103 addrcionaL
 
 A C C 
 
 ACCUMULA'TOR, S. one who repeats 
 any a£>ion. 
 
 A'CCURACY, S. [accuratio, Lat.J exaft- 
 jiefs j juftnefs or nicety. 
 
 A'CCURATE, Adj. [accuraiiis, Lat.] done 
 with care, exaft either as to perfons or things. 
 A'CCURATELY, Adv. [from accurate} 
 with nicety, not negligently. 
 
 A'CCURATENESS, S. [from ai'curatej 
 exaft, nicely, not carelefTnefs. 
 
 To A'CCURSE, V. A. to blaft or load 
 with a curfe ; to doom to delhuftioa j to im- 
 precate curfes upon. 
 
 ACCU'RSED, Part, [from accurfe] i. 
 Lying under a curfe, or excommunicated, z. 
 Ixecrable, that which dcferves execration, 
 
 ACCU'RSIUS, S. a Florentine, profeffor 
 of the civil law in the 13th century. 
 
 ACCU'SABLE, Part. [flccufaiUis, Lat.J 
 that which is liable to be found fault with, 
 cenfured, or blamed. 
 
 ACCU'S.'\T10N, S. the charging with 
 fome defcfl or crime. In Law, the preferring a 
 criminal a£lion aeainft any one before a judge. 
 ACCU'SATIVE CASE;[flfa;/a/r-/</s,Lat.J 
 in Grammar the 4th cafe of nouns. It de- 
 notes the relation of the noun, on which the 
 aftion of the verb termip.atcs. 
 
 ACCU'SATORYjAdj. [a rn^falorl us, Lzt.] 
 ©f or belonging to accufation. 
 
 To ACCU'SE, V. A. laccufo, Lat.] to 
 charge with a crime, to inform againft, in- 
 dift, or impeach ; to cenfure. It has the par- 
 ticle cf, and fometimes/irj before the matter 
 of ceni'ure or accufation. 
 
 ACCU'SER, S. [from accuje] the perfon 
 who accufes. 
 
 ACCU'SERS, S. [according to Corre'ius 
 /lgii(ipa\ the eighth order of the devils, whofe 
 prince is called Afteroth, t. e. fpy. 
 
 To ACCU'STOM, V. A.' [accoutumer, 
 I'r.] to inure or ufe one's felf to any thing. 
 3t hath the particle to before the thii.^ accuf- 
 tomed to. 
 
 ACCU'STOMABLE, Part, that which a 
 perfon has praflifed or been ufed to for a con 
 tinuance. 
 
 ii.CCU'STOMABLY, 7 Adv. arcordinj. 
 ACCU'STOM ARILY, ^ to ufeor cuftom. 
 ACCU'STO MAR.Y, Adj. commonly prac- 
 tifeo, cufiomaty, ulually done. 
 
 ACE, S. [frcm ax, Fr. as, Span, ei;, Cr. 
 an unit or oncj a fingle point or fptck on cards 
 cr dice. Figuiatively, the kaft fjuantity, or 
 the fmalleft diftante, i. e. within an ace 
 of it. 
 
 A'CES, S. [a fea-term] hooks for the 
 chains. 
 
 ACE-POINT, S. the fquare of a die have 
 ing a fingle point. 
 
 ACL'LDAMA, S. pronounced Meldama, 
 [Htb. the field, inheritance, or poitioii of 
 blood] the name of the field bouelit by the 
 Jewifli priefis with thi- thiity pieces of filver 
 jivcn Judas Ifcarloi, to betrjy our Lord Jefus 
 
 ACE 
 
 Chrift. It was likewife called the Potter's 
 field, ylSs i. 19. 
 
 ACE'TIAM [Lat. and likewife] in Law, 
 a cliufe of a writ, where the aftion require* 
 fpccial bail, founded on the fiaiute, 13 Car. 
 II. ch. II. 
 
 ACE'PHALI, [ax6*aXo(, of a priv. and 
 jui^clK^, an head, Gr. i e. having no head] 
 certain ecclefiafrics fo called, who, making 
 prufeliion of extreme pov-.Tty, would not ac- 
 knowledge anyct'ief, whether laym.m orec- 
 defiadic. Alfo certain Icvelleis mentioned in 
 the laws of I-Ienryl.v.ho;ickno\\ledo»d no head. 
 ACE'PHALl VERSUS,, S. [Poesry, Gr. 
 and Lat. Jverles ha- bep.in with a Ihort fyllable, 
 and end v iili a loi-g one. 
 
 ACE'PH ALOUS, Adj. fomething without 
 a head. Naturilifts apply this term to worms, 
 which have, been fuppofed formerly to have no 
 head. Figuratively, thoi'e who have no fupe- 
 rior, chief, cr leader. 
 
 ACERE'NZA, S. [anciently Achcrontia^ a 
 fmall town in the kingdom of Naples. 
 
 AC'ERNO, or ACE'RNUM; S. a fmall 
 epifcopal fee, under that of the Picentini, at 
 the foot of the Appenines. 
 
 ACE'RB, Adj. \acei-hus, Lat] that which 
 hath a cotr.pauiid taftc between four and bit- 
 ter, fijc'ii ;^s moil unripe fru'ts have. 
 
 ACE'RBITDDE, or ACL'RBITY, S. 1. 
 The rough lour tafle of unripe fruit. 2. Se- 
 verity of tempe'-, roughnefs of manners. 
 
 ACE'ROSE, Adj. [acc'.Jas, Lat.] chaffy, 
 full of, or mixed with (haff'. 
 
 ACE'RRA, S. a fmall town in the king- 
 dom of N.!ples, on the river Patria. 
 
 ACE'RVAL, A. [acervalh, Lat.] belong- 
 ing to a heap. 
 
 To ACE'RVATE, V. A. [acer-vo, Lat.] 
 to raife up in heaps, 
 
 ACERVA'TION, S, heaping up, Lat. 
 ACE'SCENT, Adj. [acejcens, Lat.] tending 
 to fournefs. 
 
 ACE'SIS, S. [ay.ic-n;, Gr.] in medicine, 
 a r; medy or cure. 
 
 ACETA^BULA, S [in Anatomy] certain 
 glandules in the chorion, one of the fkins 
 which cover a child in "the womb. 
 
 ACETA'BULUM. S. [with Botanifts] the 
 herb navelwort. 
 
 ACE TA'BUl.UM, S, [with An^tomifls] 
 a large cavity in a bone, Khich receives an- 
 other convex bone, for the convenience of a 
 ciicular motion of the joint thus articulated. 
 In AntiCjuiticS, it is ufed tor a mealure equal 
 to one eighth part of our pint. 
 
 ACE^yTA, S. [fiom Ak:9,'.'.^», Gr. to cure] 
 in Medicinf, riidempers that are curable. 
 
 ACE'S rORIS,S.rAK£r;ei;>Gr.] a female, 
 ufed by ancicnimedicil waters, and fometimes 
 applied to a midvi'ite. 
 
 aCETARS, S. [acetaria, Lat,] fallads and 
 vinegar. 
 
 ACE'TIAM BILL, S. the words of a writ, 
 where the action requires good bail. 
 
 A'vPTOSA,
 
 A C H 
 
 ACETO'SA, [with Botanif!?] forrel. 
 ACETO'SE, Adj. [acet-fus, Lat.] eager, 
 four, full of fournefs. 
 
 ACETO'SELLA, S. [with BntaniftsJ 
 WOod-forrel. 
 
 ACETO'SILY, Adv. foiirnefs, fliarpnefs, 
 tar'nefs. 
 
 ACETOUS, Adj. [tf«/o/"^i, Lat.] having 
 the nature of v negar, or being fomewhat like 
 vinegar in quaiiiv. 
 
 ACE'TUM. S. vin?gar in general; any fharp 
 liquor, as fpirit of fait, nitre, vitriol, &c. j 
 ACE/fUM DISTILL ATUM, S. [Lat.] 
 in Chemlftry, diftiiled vinegar, chieflv ufed in! 
 pieparations for preciDltation and diflotation. 
 ACE'TI SPiRITUS, S. [Lat.] fpirit of 
 vinegar, or diftilled vineg?r reflified. * 
 
 ACE'TUM ROSARUM, [Lat.] vinegar 
 of rofef. 
 
 ACE'TUM ALCALISATUP4, S. [in 
 Chemiftry] vinegar diftilled, in which fome 
 akalifed fait is infufed. 
 
 ACE'TUM PKILOSOPHORUM, S. [in 
 Chemifiry] a four liquor, made by diffolving 
 the butter or icv oil of antimonv in water. 
 
 ACE'TUM 'RADICATUM, S. [with 
 Chemiftsj the fliarpt-ft part of vinegar, having 
 its phlegm drawn off. 
 
 A'CHA, S. one of the four diftrids of 
 Tefit, in Africa. 
 
 ACHA'JA, now LIVADIA, a province of 
 Turkey in Eurrpe, containing the famous 
 cities of Athen'5, Delphi, Pythia ; the mounts 
 Parnaffu?, Helicon, and other pUces cele- 
 brated in ancient writers. 
 
 A'CHAM, S. a country in the Eaft-Indies, 
 bordering upon Bengal. 
 
 ACH/ATES. S. [«X°^^?. Gr.] an agate, 
 fo called from a river in Sicily where it was 
 firft found. 
 
 ACHA'MECH, S. [in Chemiftry] the 
 drofs of filver. 
 
 A'CHAT, S, [of achat, Fr.] a purchaf- 
 ing or buying. 
 
 A'CHAT, S. [in Common Law] a con- 
 tracl or bargain. 
 
 A'Cf4E, S. [of ace, Sax. pain, or a;^<2^, 
 Gr. pain] a continued p:.in or fmart in any 
 pait of the body. 
 
 ACHE, S. [with Farriers] a difeafe in 
 horfes, caufing a numbnefs in the joints. 
 To ACHE, V. N. to be aflefted with pain. 
 A'CHEM, S. the capital of the ifland of 
 Sumatra in the Eaft Indies. 
 
 ACHE'RNER, S. [in Aftronomy] a bright 
 fixed ftar of the firft magnitude in Eridanus, 
 whofe longitude is lO. 31. of Pifcet, and la- 
 titude 59, iS. 
 
 A'CHERON, .S. [Apcfp*v of «;/©-, for- 
 row, and fsa; to flow ! or of a priv. yatp;-,', 
 Cr. to rejoice, i. e. a river of forrow] a rivr.r 
 ot Epirus, over which the poets ffigned de- 
 parted fouls were ferried. Alfu a ftinking fen 
 or Ir.ke in the Terra di L:uoraof Naples, be- 
 tween Cuma ami Mifeno, naineJ Tenebtofa 
 
 A C H 
 
 Palus by Virgil, on account of the hhckn?fif 
 of its waters. Figuratively, it is ufed for the 
 ftate of departed fouls, or the grave. 
 
 ACHERONTIC, Adj. of or pertaining 
 to Acheron. 
 
 A'CHIA, S. a fpecles of cane growing in 
 the Eaft Indies, which is pickled green there, 
 with ftrong vinegar, pepper, and other fpices. 
 
 A'CHIAR, S. [a Malayan word, fignify- 
 ing all forts of fruits and roots pickled with 
 vin'-gar and fpices] pickles. 
 
 To ACHIE'VE, V. A. [acheverVt.'] i. 
 To fnifh, to accomplifh, to perform fome 
 notable exploit with fuccefs. z. To gain or 
 procure. 
 
 ACHIE'VEMENT, S. i. Achh'vement, 
 the finiftiing of a notable adlion. 2. The 
 enfigns armorial of a family. 
 
 ACHIE'VER, S. he who acquires, or ob- 
 tains, or performs fome great exploit. 
 
 A'CHILLEA, S. an iliand of the Euxine 
 Sea, called the ifland of Heroes, the ifland Ma- 
 caron, or the ifland of the BlelTed, Leuce, &c. 
 
 A'CHILLEA, [Ax^XKisi., Gr.] fo called of 
 Achilles, who is faid to have cured Jofephus 
 of a dangerous ulcer with it, the herb miUfoil 
 or yarrow. It is a good vulnerary, is cooling, 
 drying and aftringent, of fervice in all kinds of 
 hemorrhages, whether fpitting or vomiting of 
 blood, and of fome efficacy in gonorrhaeas, 
 
 ACHI'LLES, S, [A;5^(XX„;,Gr.froma;c®', 
 grief, and Xwiv, to diftblve or mitigate] the 
 name oi divers illuftrious perfons among the 
 Greeks ; but more particularly the fon of Pe- 
 leus and Thetis, 
 
 ACHI'LLES, S. [with Anatomifts] a ten- 
 don formed by the tails of feveral mufcles, 
 and tied to the os calcis. It derives its name 
 from the wound given Achilles, which is fup- 
 poied to have been in this part. 
 
 A'CHI'LLESjS. a name which the School- 
 men give to the principal argument, alledged 
 by each (e€t in their behalf. 
 
 ACHI'SH,S,thenameofthekingofGath, 
 to whom David fled, when perfecuted by Saul, 
 
 ACHLYS, S. [ay\u<;, Gr. darknefsj ia 
 Phyfic, a diforderof the eyes, occafioningdim- 
 m^"^. Condenfed air in the uterus. According 
 to Galen, a fmall mark or fear on the cornea, 
 caufed by a fuperfirial extilceration ; or, accord- 
 ing to Aetius, th'-' exukeration itfelf, almoft 
 covering the pupil, of a verv light blue colour. 
 
 ACHN'.', S. [avv6, Gr.] froth, chat^', 
 fmoak, or any light fubftance, ufed by Galen, 
 ifl'. For a foft vvh'te mucilage fwimming in 
 the eye, very common in fevers. 2. A frothy 
 m;itter with which the fauces are fometin»os 
 filled in an ejtuiccrition of the lung'., 
 
 ACHO'R, S. [Achor, Lat. oi^X''?' <^"''] 
 1 fpecies of the herpes. 
 
 ACHO'RES. [of « negat. and x'"p;, 
 (pace, Gr. becaufe thefe eruptions have out i 
 linall ven', as Galen fu-ppofes J the plural 
 of Advjr ; ulcers in the heads of infants, 
 which perforate the fkia with many fm.)ll 
 6 hoks5
 
 A C I 
 
 koles, through which a thin glutinous mat- 
 ter oozes. 
 
 A'CHOR, S, avaireyinthefribeof Judah, 
 fouth of Jericho, not far from Gilgal. Like- 
 wife the name of a deity, called the god of 
 flies, to whom the Greeks and Cyrenians fa- 
 crificed, when troubled with them. 
 
 ACHORISTOS, Adj. [«;!^:p<,-^. Or. of 
 a priv. and X^P-?' f«paratej infeparable ; in 
 Medicine, applied to thofe accidents, fignsand 
 fymptoms, which always accompany each 
 other. 
 
 A'CHROI, S. {a-xf'^i Gr. of a. priv. and 
 j(/>oa, colourj pale, according to Galen, 
 through a deficiency of blood. Applied by 
 old medical writers to thofe perfons who have 
 loft their natural colour. 
 
 ACHRO'NICAL, Adj. [ayjoviy-o-, Gr. 
 rut of rime] a term in aftronomy. It figni- 
 fies therifing of a ftar when the fun fets, or 
 the fettting of a ftar when the fun rlies t in 
 which cafes the ilat is faid to rife or fet acbro- 
 mcaJly. 
 
 ACHTE'LING, S. [gum] a liquid mea- 
 fure in Germar;y. 
 
 ACHTENUE'LEN, or ACHTELING, S. 
 a dry meafure in Holland, 
 
 ACl'CULA, S. [with Eotanifts] the herb 
 Shepherd's net-die, or wild cherfil. Lot. 
 
 A'CID, Adj. [of ari<i«j, Lat] four, fliarp. 
 
 A'CJDS, S. all things that afteft the organs 
 of tnfte with a pungent fournefs. But thc/Che- 
 mifts call all fubftances acids, that make an 
 efFervefcence with analcali. This, however, 
 does not feem to be a true chara^leriftic of 
 acUs, becaufe fome acids will make an efFer- 
 vefcence uponbeingmixsd withaciVi of another 
 kind, and alfo with natural bodies. Another 
 mark of acids is, that they change the colour 
 of the juices of the reliflropium, rofes and 
 violets, red, whereas a/calies, efpecially thofe 
 extrafted from animals, turn it green. 
 
 Natural A'CIDS, S. [with Phyficians] 
 are fuch as have a proper fliarpnefs of their 
 own, as iuiceof lemons, &c. 
 
 Artificial A'CIDS, S.fwiihChemifts] 
 are fuch as are prepared by the fire in che 
 mical operafions. 
 
 Manifest A'CIDS, S. are fuch as affed 
 the tongue with afenfe of Iharpnels and four- 
 nefs. 
 
 Dubious A'CIDS, S. are fuch things as 
 have not enough of the acid nat\ .e, to give 
 ienfible marks to the tafte ; but yet agree 
 with the manifeft acids in other properties. 
 
 A'CIDITY, or ACI'DNESS, S. [^cidi- 
 tas, Lat.] kee efs, fharpnefs, that tafte which 
 scid OT fharp bodies leave in the mouth. 
 
 A'CIDITY, S. [with Chemifts] the ^ci- 
 di:y or keenefs of any liquor that confifts in 
 fharp particles of filts diflolved, and put in- 
 to a violent motion by the means of fire. 
 
 A'CIDULA, S. [in Botany] an herb, a 
 kind of forrel. 
 
 To A'CIDULATE, V. A. [addultr, Ft} 
 
 A C O 
 
 to impregnate with, or turn four by the Iflfu- 
 fion of acids. 
 
 ACI'NE, S. [with Botanifts] are taken for 
 thofe grains that grow thick, or fmall grains 
 growing in bunches after the manner of grape- 
 ftones, of which the fruits of the elder-tree, 
 powel, and other plants of the like kind are 
 compo.'ed ; alfo, the protuberances in the 
 mulberry, ftrawberry, (sfc, 
 
 ACINE'SIA, S. [axmra, Gr.] the im- 
 moveablenefs of the whole body, or any pare 
 of it, as in an apoplexy, paify, &c. 
 
 ACI'NI, S. [with PhyficiansJ the feed 
 within a fruit. 
 
 ACl'NIFORMES TU'NICA, S. [with 
 Anatomifts] a coat of the eye, called alfo 
 Uvea tunica. 
 
 ACl'NOS, S. the herb wild bafil. 
 
 ACl'NUS, S. [itKC.^, Gr.] a grape or 
 raifin ftone. 
 
 ACKMASTI'CA, S. [ox^arii"', Gr.] a 
 fpecies of ihs fynochus or fever, which, during 
 its continuance, has no remiflion or abate- 
 ment of the fever. 
 
 A'CME, S. [with Phyficians] is ufed to 
 denote the third degree or height of diftem- 
 pers, of which many have four periods, i. 
 The arche, or beginning. 2, Anabalis, or 
 growth. 3. The ^cme, when the diftemper 
 is at the height. 4. The paracme, or declen- 
 fion of the difeafe. 
 
 ToACKNO'WLEDGE, V.A. i.Tocon- 
 fefs or own. 2. To be grateful or thankful 
 for any benefit. 3. To own or profefs a former 
 acquaintance with a perfon. 4. To approve. 
 
 ACKNO'WLEDGMENT, S. i. Concef- 
 lion of any thing. 2. Thankfulnefs, grati- 
 tude. 3. Confeflion of a fault. 4. Belief, 
 attended with open orotefTion. 
 
 ACKNO'WLEDGMENT MONEY, S. 
 money which was paid in ancient times by fome 
 tenants upon the death of their landlord, as 
 an acknowledgment of the new one. 
 
 ACO'LOTHJST, S. [axo^ovBica, Gr. to 
 follow] one of the lowefl order in the Roman 
 church, whofe office is to prepare the ele- 
 ments, to light the ch«rch, te'c. 
 
 ACOE'METES, S. [Ax:i^a7oi, Gr.] cer- 
 tain monks in the ancient church, fo called, 
 becaufe divine fervice was performed in their 
 churches continually,and without interruption. 
 
 ACO'MAC, S. a county of Virginia, in 
 America, being a peninfula, bounded on the 
 north by Maryland, on the eaft and fouth by 
 the Atlantic ocean, and on the weft by the 
 bay of Chefepeak. 
 
 ACONI'TE, or ACONI'TUM, S. [aceni- 
 turti, Lm.] I. Properly the herb woltsbane. 
 2. With poets, poifon in general. There are 
 feveral fpecies of it, and moft of them are 
 deadly poifon. 
 
 AC0'NTI.4.S, S. a comet or meteor with 
 an oblong head, and a tail, refemblinga dart 
 or arrow. 
 
 ACOTIS, S, [axsttis, Gr. of « Jieg. aad
 
 ACQ^ 
 
 ktn^, wearlnefs, becaufe the oil wherein it 
 is boiled is fuppofed to be a remedy for wea- 
 rinefsj a precious ftone refembling glals, 
 marked with fpots of gold. 
 
 AGO PICA, S. [Axwjxa, Gr.] irxgredi- 
 ents in medicines to relieve wearinefs. 
 
 ACO'PUM, S. [Akottov, Gr.] a fomenta- 
 tion made of ingredients tliat are foft anu 
 warm. 
 
 A'COR, S. [in Medicine] a fournefs at 
 the ftomach, whence flatulencies and four 
 belches proceed. 
 
 A'CORN, S. the fruit or feed of the 
 oak. 
 
 A'CORNED, Part, [in Heraldry] bearing 
 acorns. 
 
 A'CORNA, S. [A)to§v<t, Gr.] the thkftle 
 called And'-ofaemon, or man's blood. 
 
 APO'RUS, S. [Ax:{(^, Gr.] Calamus 
 aromaticus, the fweet rulh. 
 
 ACO'SMIA, S. ['Axos-.uia, Gr. of a. priv. 
 and n'.a-fAog, adorned] an ill ftate of health, 
 with the lofs of the natural colour in the 
 face. 
 
 ACOU'STICS, S. aKticlina., of a.x.a-j}, Gr. 
 to hear] i. Tlie doftrine of founds. 2. Ei- 
 ther inftruments or medicines that help the 
 fenfe of hearing 
 
 ACOU'STIC, Adj. that which belongs to 
 theorgan of hearing, ^coufiic nerve, in Ana 
 tomy, the fame as auditory nerve. 
 
 To ACQUAI'NT, V. A. i. To inform. 
 2. To be accuftomed or habituared to. 3. To 
 know perfe£lly. 4. To make one's felf agree 
 able to, to infinuate one's felf in'o the favour 
 of. 5. To acquire a perfect and intimate 
 knowledge of. 
 
 ACQUAl'NTANCE, S. {accointance, Fr.] 
 applied both to perfons and tilings, and fol- 
 lowed by the particle wi//j. i. 'Application pro- 
 duftive of knowledge. 2. Pcrlonal knowledge 
 arifing from familiarity. 3. An intimate 
 friendlhip and alliance. 4. A familiar and 
 conftant companion. 5. Without the prepo- 
 fition, I'omeihing to which one has been ac 
 cuftomed, wlien applied to things 5 applied to 
 perfons, a llightor luperficial knowledge. 
 
 ACQyAl'NTED, Part, ["from acquMr.t'\ 
 1. Informed. 2. Accuflomed, or habuuated. 
 3. Familiar or haviiig perfedl knowledge of; 
 and when followed by the panicle nv'ttb, fig- 
 nifies perfeft knovwledge by application. 
 ACQUi'ST, S. [from acquerir, Fr.] add! 
 
 A C K 
 
 confent or agreement a perfon makes to fol- 
 low the determin?tion of" an arbitrator. 
 
 ACQUIETA'NDIS PLEGIIS [in Law] a 
 writ which lies for a furety againft a creditor, 
 who refufes to acquit one after payment of a 
 debt. 
 
 ACQUIETA'NTIA de fkhh fef hundreds, 
 Lat. [in Law] a freedom from fuits and ler- 
 vices in fhires and hundreds. 
 
 A'CQUIETARE, V. A. [Law word] to 
 pay the debts of a deceafed perion, as an heir 
 does the debts of his father, 
 
 ACQUl'RABLE, Part, that may be ac- 
 quired. 
 
 To ACQyi'RE, V. A. [of ar/ww, Lat.] 
 to attain, to puichafe by one's bbour. 
 
 ACQUIREMENT, S. [iiQm'acquire]^\iit 
 is gained, or acquired. 
 
 ACQUI'RER. S. he who acquires or gains 
 by labour or induftry. 
 
 ACQaiSl' riON, S. [acquifim, Lat.] aa 
 obtaining, the thing obtained. 
 
 ACQni'SITlVE, Adj. that which is ac- 
 quired. 
 
 ACQUrSTS, S. \acju:fita, Lat. acqueftif 
 Fr.] procurements, purchales, things acquired. 
 
 To ACQUI/T, V. A. [of acquitter, Fr.] 
 I. To difcharge or free from. 2. To clear 
 from guilt, not to condemn, with cf, or from, 
 before the crims. 3. To difcharge from any 
 obligation. 
 
 ACQUI'TMENT or ACQTrTTAL, S. 
 [in Law] a fetting free from the fu^picion of 
 guilt, or an ofience j alfo a tenant's difcharge 
 from or by a mefne landlord, from doing ler- 
 vice to, or being difturbetf in his pofTefhon by, 
 any fuperior lorJ, or paramount. 
 
 ACQUITTAL, S. [in Law] is when two 
 perfons are indifted, the one as principal, and 
 the other as accelTory ; the principal being 
 difcharced, the acceflory of confequence is 
 acqu tted. 
 
 ACQUI'TTAL, S. [in Faft] is when a 
 perfon is found not guilty of the offence he 
 was charged with, either by verdi<fl of a ju- 
 ry, or by overcoming his adverlaiy in the an- 
 cient wav of trill bv combat. 
 
 ACQUI'TTANCE, S. [of acquit] I. A 
 dilchargc or releafe given in writing for a lum 
 of money, of oth^r duty paid or done. 2. The 
 writing itfelf. 
 
 A'CRA or A'CRE, S. the moft fouthern 
 city on the Phoenician coaft in Al'-atic Tur- 
 
 tional increafe, fomething acquired or gained, I liey, alfo a town of Africa, on the cjaft of 
 
 acquifition. In Law, goods not held by de 
 fcent or inheritance, but obtained by purchafe. 
 In Politics, fomething gained by conqueft, 
 
 A'CQUI, S. [aqua, Lat. water] a fortified 
 town in tne dutchy of Montferrat in Italy. 
 
 To ACQiriE'SCE, V. N. [of acquit/are 
 Lit.] to yield to, to comply with, to reft fa- 
 tisfied with, ufed with the particle irt. 
 
 ACQUIE'SCENCE, S. 1. A tacit confent, 
 fubmiirion, or yielding to. 2. Approbation 
 
 Guinev. 
 
 ACRA'PULA, S. [ax^xiwaXn, Gr.] a re- 
 medy by way of prevention of' drunkennels 
 and furfeitini. Lat, 
 
 ACRA'SIA, S. [a'xjac-ia, Gr. of a priv. 
 and xEpavviz/yCi, mijceo, becaule the ancients uied 
 always to mix their wine with water] in Medi- 
 cine,intemperaiiceor excelslji eating, drinking, 
 fleeping, or venery, or debility, impottncv, 
 from relaxation or loft tone of the pait . Alfo 
 
 excluding all repining. In Commwce, the thepredominanry ofcnequaiityajxvcaiiuthe
 
 A en 
 
 either in mixtures, or the conftituiion of a 
 human body. 
 
 A'CRE, S. [of ager, Lat. or ayp^, Cr. a 
 fielrf] a meafure of land containing forty per- 
 ches in length and four in breadth. 
 
 A'CRE, S.a word uTed in the Moguls do- 
 minions, inftead of lack, to fignify ico,ooo 
 rupees. Likewife a weight v.fed in the Le- 
 vant, named more generally a rotte. 
 
 A'CRE-TAX, S. a tax'laid on land, at fo 
 
 much per acre, called in fome places acrc-fi>ot. 
 
 A'CRID, Adj. [j«r, Lar. fharp] taking 
 
 hot and bitter, leaving a painful heat on the 
 
 tongue and palate. 
 
 ACRlDO'PHAGI,S.[ofc;<;ihdocuiTs,and 
 *aj/£iv. Gr. to eatj a people ot Ethiopia, that 
 led principally on iocufts, which they took 
 and failed in the fpring of the year, for their 
 ftanding food the reft of it. 
 
 ACRIFO'LIUM, S. [of acer fnarp, and 
 folium a leaf] in Botanv, a prickly leaf. 
 
 ACRIMO'NIOUS, Adj. [tiom aclmony'] 
 abounding with (harp or corrofive p<)r!;cles, 
 ■when applied to things. Figur.Uivoiy, Iharp 
 and auftere, applied to behaviour. 
 
 A'CRIMONY, S. [acriniowa, Lat.] I. 
 Sharpncfs, tartnefs, corrofive quality, 2. Se- 
 verity of difpofuion ; fliarpnefs of temper. 
 
 A'CRITUDE, S. [acritiido, Lat.] a quality 
 In a body, which affeifts the tafte with a fen- 
 fation of rough, pungent, and hottifh four, 
 
 ACRlVrOLA, S. [of aar /harp, and 'vi- 
 §Ij a violet] in Botany, Indian crefs, of which 
 there are five fpecies. 
 
 ACROAMA'TICAL, Adj. [tn^oofjuai, 
 Gr. to hear] of or pertaining to deep learn- 
 ing, ufed in oppofjtion to fxoterical. 
 
 ACRO A'TiCS, S. a term applied to fome 
 leftures of Ariftotle on the more abftrufe parts 
 of philofophy, to which only his moll inti- 
 mate friends wer; admitted, 
 
 ACROCHO'RDON, S, [of axj©- ex- 
 treme, and X'^i^"} ^'■- 3 ft'i"g] ^ fort of large 
 wart, having a fmall root like a firing, 
 
 ACRO'DRIA, S, [u>is-.l:vs of axj'^, 
 extreme, and J^y?, Gr, an oak] all forts of 
 fruits having hard rinds or /hells, asacarns, 
 almonds, nuts, &c, 
 
 A'CROE, S, [in Botany] the narrie g'vcn 
 
 ACT 
 
 ACR'ONYCHALLY, Adv. [from acre 
 r.ychal] ia an acrnnvchal manner. 
 
 A'CROSFiRE,' S. a /lioot or fptout from 
 the end of feeds before thev are fown. 
 
 ACRO'SS, Adv. [vide Cross] crofs-wife, 
 thwart- wift:, 
 
 ACRO'STIC, S, [from dn^o^ zni ^uQh, 
 Gr. a verfe] a pnetical composition, the ini- 
 tial letters of which, when added together, 
 form a pariicuhr name. 
 
 ACRQ/STIC, Adj. that v/hich has the 
 property of an aaofi^c. 
 
 ACRO'TERS.or ACRO'TERIA, S. [in 
 Architedure] I. Little peoeftilr, commonly 
 without bafes, placed at the middle and both 
 extremes of frontifpieces or pedime:''-ts, which 
 ferve to fupport flatues. 2. Thofe /harp pin- 
 cacles, or fpiry battlements, /landing in 
 ranks about /iat buildings, with rails and bal- 
 lufters. 3, The /ignres, whether of ftone or 
 metal, which are placed as ornaments, or 
 crownings, on the tops of temples and other 
 edifices. 
 
 To ACT, V, A, [from ago, Lat.] i. To 
 be aclive, to exert one's adhve powers. 2. To 
 exercife its aftive powers, to perform its pro- 
 per funflions. 3. To perform the funflions 
 of life, to be excited to aiSioa. 4. To per- 
 form, in allufion to the theatre. 5, To coun- 
 terfeit, in allufion to the ofHce of a player, 
 6. To be impelled, forced, or incited to or by 
 aflion. 7. To exert sdlion, or produce efFefls 
 upon a fubjeft. 8. To aftuate, cr be incited 
 to aclicn. 9. To perform a charafter in a 
 play. 
 
 ACT, S. [of ai!7aw, Lit.] i. A deed, a 
 performance. 2. A parr in a play. 3. The 
 power of producing an effedt. 4. A deed, or 
 decreeof parliament, or other court of judi- 
 cature, 5. Ln Phyfics, an efTeilive applica- 
 tion of fome power, or faculty, 6. With Me- 
 taphyficians, that by which a being is in real 
 aftion. 7, In Law, an inrtrument, or other 
 matter in writing, to dec!:,re or juftity the 
 truth of a thing. L". which fenfe records, de- 
 crees, fentences, reports, certificates, &^c. are 
 called aJ?:, 8. Matters of faft, tranfmitted 
 to pofterity in certain authentic books and 
 memoirs. 9. At the univerfity of Oxford, the 
 
 by the natives of Guinea to a kind of /hrub, time when degrees are taken 
 
 which they ufc in wine as a re/iorative and 
 anti-epileptic, 
 
 ACRO'MION, S. of axj^(^ and <w^©-, 
 Cr. a /houlder] the upper part of the fcapula 
 or fnoulder blade, which receives the clavicula. 
 
 ACRO'MPHALUM, S. [a^-^^ and 
 c/.t^'flX©', Gr. the navel] the top or middle of 
 the navel. 
 
 A'CRON, S. [a/;cv, Gr. the top or ex- 
 tremity] in Botany, applied to the topcrca- 
 fiiulum of flower plants of the thi/Ue kind. 
 
 ACR'ONYCHAL, Adj. [from axfcv and 
 K^ night] in .^ftronomy, the rifing ot a liar 
 
 ACT of F.AJTH, S. [in the Inqnifiiion} 
 a folemn day held by the inquifitors, for the 
 punifhment of fuch ss they declare heretics, 
 and the abfolution of the innocent accufed, 
 called by them auto dafe. 
 
 ACTS, [in Poetry] the divifioii: or princi- 
 pal parts of a play, 
 
 ACTIAN, Adj. belonging to ASi'mm. 
 A^i^n ^ivncs, games inftifuted, according to 
 fome, by Auguflus, in memory of the vi£lory 
 obtained over Antony, I'e.ir the promontory 
 and city of Aiftium ; though others f-y, that 
 Ausuflu? only rcftored them. Aclian yeais. 
 
 ■when the f\in fcts, or' the letting 0/ ? /f^r or Afriac jcra, in Chronology, a ferii-s of 
 wl.e'i the fun rifef. 'years, beginning from the conqueft of Egypt 
 
 by
 
 ACT 
 
 fc'y Oclavlus, called alfo the aera of Auguftus. 
 A'CTION, S. [aaio, Lat.] j . The exerting 
 or employing any adtive powcis in oppofition 
 to reft. 2. Something done, or performed, a 
 deed, 3. Power, influence, agency, or ope- 
 ration. 4. In Metaphyfits, the exercife of 
 an ability, which a being has to begin or de- 
 termine a particular train of thought, or 
 motion. U\ Ethics, the voluntary motion of 
 a reafonablc creature. In Painting, or Sculp- 
 ture, he pofture, attitude, exprcflive of the 
 pafiion the painter or carver would convey to 
 the mind of a fpeiflator. In Horfemanfhip, 
 the adion of the mouth, the motion of the 
 tongue and champing on the bit, which is 
 difcovered by an abundance of white foam, 
 and is a token of mettle. With Orators, Ac- 
 tors, &c. it is the accommodating theperfon, 
 voice, and gefture to the fubjedt. In Poetry, 
 an event or feries of occurrences, mutually 
 coiinedted and depending on each other, ei' her 
 re.il or imaginary, which makes the fubjeft 
 of a dramatic or epic poem. In Law, a legal 
 demand of, or the form of, a fuit given by law, 
 for recovery of a perfon's righr. Aliicns are 
 either criminal or civil. Criminal are fuch as 
 have judgment of death. Umler this head arc 
 included, ift, /]flhn% penal, which lie for fome 
 penalty, corporal or pecuniary. 2. AB.oni 
 upon the ftatute, brought on breach of any 
 flatute, and which did not lie before, as an oc- 
 cafion of perjury. 3. AtTiom popular, given 
 on breach of fome penal ftatute, for which 
 any perfon has a tight to fuet Anions civil 
 are divided into real, perfonal, or mixt. The 
 ASi'ion real, is where a perfon claims lands, 
 &c. in fee, or lor life. AEiion perfonal, is 
 that which is brought to recover what is due 
 to us. Anion mixt, is that which lies both 
 tor the thing demanded, and the perfon that 
 has it. In the plural number, Amo/,s, in 
 Commerce, imply the moveable eftedls : thus, 
 a merchant's creditors have feized upon all his 
 Anions, i. e. they have feized upon all the 
 debts owing to him. Applied to public com- 
 panies, an equal part of the (lock, which 
 forms the capital of any trading company; 
 the iame in France, as fhares, flocks, or fub- 
 fcriptions in England, &c. alfo the obligation, 
 inftrument, or bill which thedireiftors of fuch 
 companies deliver to thofe who pay money 
 into thtir ftock. Anion upon the cafe, in 
 t.aw, a general anion given for redrefs of 
 wrongs done without violence, and not pro- 
 vided againft by a law. Anion on the cafe of 
 
 ACT 
 
 it IS pleaded that the plaintiff has rtb Caiife t* 
 have it brought, though he may have anoihet 
 for the fame. 
 
 A'CTIONABLE, [from anion and wW, 
 Sax. power or pofiioili'.y] in a Law Senle, 
 that which will fiibjeft a perfon to an action j 
 punifhable, blameable, or culpable. 
 
 A'CTIONARY or A'CTIONIST, S. a 
 proprietor of ftock in a public company. 
 
 A'CTIVE, Adj. [a^iwj, Lat.] that which 
 has the power vf aifling, as oppofed to palfive j 
 bufy in aiftinp, as oppofed to idle ; praftical, 
 not merely fpeculativej or in theory j nimblcj 
 quick, apt, 01 forward to aft. 
 
 A'CTIVE Principles, [in Chemlftryf 
 are fpirit, oil, and fait, fo named, becaufe 
 when their parts are brilkly in motion, they 
 caufe atlion in other bodies. 
 
 A'CTIVE, [in Grammar] applied to verbs 
 that afKrm ftition of the word going before 
 them. 
 
 A'CTIVE, Adj. [in Medicine] fuch a dofe 
 as operates quick and with fome force, aS 
 emetics, cathartics, and cordials. 
 
 A'CTIVELY, Adv. [from aniw and ly^ 
 of lie. Sax. denoting manner] in a biifti, 
 nimble, or induftrious, or bufy manner. In 
 an aftive fenfe, in Grammar, 
 
 ACTI-'VITY, S. propenfity, readinefs, 
 n'mblenefs to do a thing. Applied both to 
 perfons and things, a power of afting, opera- 
 tion, influence, continual exert'on of our ac- 
 tive powers, in oppofition to indolence. 
 
 A'CTIUM, now called Figilo, in Epirus, 
 a pr.jvince of Turkey, in Europe, famous (or 
 a naval vificry gained by Auguffus over iVIa'lc 
 Antony and Cleopatra, in the 723d year from 
 the building ol Rome. 
 
 A'CTIUS \NiEviui] a celeb'ated augur, 
 in the time of Tarquinius Prifcus. 
 
 A'CTON [from ac S x. an oak, and dun, 
 Sax. a town] the name of two villages, called 
 E, and U^. Anon, fix miles ftOm London, 
 which derive their names from the oaks that 
 grew there formerly. 
 
 A'CTON BURNEL,aplaceinShror/!iire, 
 which takes its narre from the B> rneis» 
 who had a caftle here. In Law, it fitnifiej 
 the ftatute merchant for the recovery of 
 debts, fo called from this place, where u was 
 held. 
 
 A'CTOR, S. [anoi-, Lit.l he that does 
 any thing •. he that praftifes, in oppofition to 
 theory. A player. 
 
 A'CTRESS, S. [aBrict, Fr.] a womaa 
 
 words, is where a perfon is injured in his re- who psrUiiutes a part on the Itage. A fe 
 
 putalion by words malicioufiy fpoktn. Anion 
 prejudicial, in Law, called likewiie prepara- 
 tory, or principal, is what ariirs from fume 
 doubt in the principal j thus, v\hcn a younger 
 brother is fned for lands from the father, and 
 
 male who performs any thing- 
 
 A'CTUAL, Adj. that which include* or 
 implii-s adlion. That which is real, or has 
 an ,riftence in nature. 
 
 ACTUA'LITY, 3. [from onu;l\ i. The 
 
 bafiaidy is obiefled to him, the point of | pow-r of exertir.^ aftion or ojecj.ing, adlivity, 
 baftatdy is to be tried before the caufe can j 2. Real tv, or certainty, 
 proceed. A'CTUaLLY. Adv. really, in h(X. 
 
 A'CTION tf a Writ, [in Law] i» wheal A'CTU ALNESS, S. a qualUy whch dc- 
 
 O notc»
 
 ADA 
 
 notes 'h.c real'Hij' of the operation, exiftence, 
 •r truth of » thing. 
 
 A'CTUARY, S. [a3uanis,Lv.'] in Law, 
 the reg.ifter or Cicrk who co.Tpiles the mi- 
 nutes of the proceedings of acourtjparticuhr- 
 Ty the cletk that regifters the afts and pro- 
 ceerfings of the convocjtion. 
 
 To A'CTUATE, V, A. [from ago, Lat.] 
 to eX'ite to aflinn, to move, to quicken. 
 
 ACU'LCATE, Adj. \aculcatus, Lat.] in 
 Potanv, that which ends in a fliarp point, or 
 is prick Iv. 
 
 ACU'MEN, S. [Lat, of ^ac] fliarpnefs ; 
 applied either to material objects, or ihe fa- 
 cuitifs of the mind. 
 
 ACU'MINATED, Part, [from acumen, 
 Ljt.J fharp-pointed. 
 
 ACU'TE, Adj. [of acutus, Lat.] fliarp- 
 pointed, fliarp-v-itteJ, fubtl-', ingenious, vi- 
 gorous in operation, or eftect. Acute, in Geo 
 nieiry, that which terminates in a Iharp point; 
 acute angle, that which is lefs than ninety de- 
 grees. Acute-angled triangle, is that whofe 
 three angles are all iif?^r«. Acute-angular fec- 
 tions of a cone, the fame as an ellipfis, Acuti. 
 in Mufic, ihtill, /harp, or high in refpeft of 
 fome other note, oppoled to grave. Acute, in 
 Grammar, an accent which teaches to raife, 
 or fli.irpen the voice. In Phyfic, applied to 
 difeafes, are thofe that are very violent, and 
 termiiiared in a few d^ys. 
 
 ACUTELY, Adv. in a fharp manner, with 
 accuracy, fagacity, and precifion. 
 
 ACU'TENESS, S. [from acute} Iharpnef?, 
 applied to matter. Sigacity, or quicknefs of 
 difccrnment. Capacity of dillinguilhing, or 
 receiving imprefiions. Vehement, productive 
 of a fpeedy crlfjs in a difeafe. Shrillnefs, ap- 
 plied to found. 
 
 AD, at the beginning of Englifli proper 
 names, fignifies the fame with ad or apud 
 amongft the Latins. So Addon fignifies at or 
 near fome ftone; Adhill, at or near foma hill. 
 
 A'DAGE, S. [aJagiWf, Lat.] a maxim or 
 principle received as felf- evident. A prover- 
 bial faying. 
 
 ADA'GIO, S. [ItaL] flow, grave, folemn. 
 In Mufic, a flow movement, ortinae: when 
 it is repeated twice, as adagic, adtigio, it im- 
 plies a very flow motion or movement. 
 
 ADA'LIDES, S. [Spanifo] a kind of offi- 
 cers in Spain, reprefented m the kw of Al- 
 phonfus, as occupied in guiding and directing 
 the march of forces in the time of war, and 
 by Lopez, as taking cognizance of the dif- 
 ferences from excurfions, tke dirifion of 
 plunder. 
 
 A'DAM, [Heb. a man, earthy, or red] the 
 firft of the human race, and from whom all 
 ,thc reft are defcenderi. 
 
 A'DAMANT, S. [adamat, Lat.] a ftone, 
 imagined of impenetrable hardnefs. Thedia- 
 oiond, the lojdftune. Figuratively, fomething 
 that has any i^rornr attiaitipn 
 
 ADAMA'NTINE, Adj. from j.^'-^wan/] ' ufed in a bad fenfe. 
 
 ADD 
 
 I. Made of adamant. 2. Endued with the 
 properties of adamant, not to be broken. 
 
 A'DAM'S- APPLE, [Adami fon:um, Lat.] 
 in Anatomy, a prominence in the throat, ia 
 the middle of the cart'dago fcutiformis. 
 
 ADAMl'TES, [from Adam\ a fed of he- 
 retics, who imitated the nakednefs of Adam 
 during his refidence in Paradife, and contemn- 
 ed marriage, becaiife he is not faid to have 
 known Eve before the fall. 
 
 To ADA'FT, V, A. [adapto, Lat.] I. To 
 fit one thing to another, to proportion. 2. To 
 make one thingcorrefpond with another, to fuit. 
 ADAPTATION, S. [from flj'j;>f] the art 
 of fitting one thing to another, or the fitnefs, 
 fuitablenefs, or correfpondence of one thing 
 with another. 
 
 ADA'PTION, S, [from adapt] the aft of 
 fitting, or fuitablenefs. 
 
 A'DAR, [Heb. mighty] >he twelfth month 
 of the Jewifn ecclefialticaJ, and the fixth of 
 their civil year, containing twenty-nine days, 
 anfwering fometimes to our February, and 
 fometimes entering into March. 
 
 A'DARME, S. a fmall weight in Spain,, 
 the fixteenth part of an ounce ; called the 
 demi-gros, or h.^lf drjchm, at Paris. 
 
 ADATA'iS, or ADA'TIS, S. amuflinor 
 cotton cloth, the fineft of which comes fioin 
 Bengal in the Eafi-Indiea. 
 
 To AD'CORPOR ATE, or A'CCORPO- 
 RATE. v. a. to joia.«ne body to another, 
 to mix together. 
 
 To ADD, V. A. \addo, Lat.] to encreafe 
 by joining fomething new; to enlarge; to 
 aggrandize. To perform the operation of 
 joining one number to another. 
 
 A'DDABLE, or A'DDIBLE, Part, [from 
 add] that may be added. 
 
 A'DDER, S. [Sax.] a kind of ferpent, 
 whofe poifon is fo quick and fatal, that few 
 remedies are ftr^ng enough to overcome it. 
 
 A'DDER'SGRASS, S. Skinner imaginei 
 this herb to be fo called Irom ferpents lurking 
 about it. 
 
 A'DDER-STUNG, a term ufed of cows, 
 horfes, and other cattle, that have been bit 
 by any venomous reptiles, or adders; a hedge- 
 hog, or ftirew, &c. 
 
 A'DDER S-TONGUE, S. an herb which 
 has one fir.gle leaf, in the middle of which is 
 a fmall ftalk, like the tongue of an adder. 
 
 A'DDER 'S-WORT, S. an herb fo cvlle^ 
 on account of its virtue againft the bite of 
 ferpents, and, as Skinner fuppofe;, from its 
 refembling the orbs of a ferpent in its growth, 
 ADDiBl'LlTY, S. [from add] the poffi- 
 bility of being added. 
 
 A'DDICE, or A'DZE, S. [from adeza. 
 Sax- an ax] a cooper's inltrument to chop, or 
 cut with. 
 
 To AT)DJCT, V. A. [from addlco, Lat.] 
 to give up one's felf wholly to a thing, to ap- 
 ply one'f mind v»holiy to it. it is moftly 
 
 ADDV 
 
 /
 
 A D E 
 
 ADDI'CTEDNESS, S. propenfity, affidu- 
 ity, a ftate devoted to a particular employ, 
 
 ADDI'CTIO, S. [from aJdico'\ a transfer- 
 ring goods to another by au£lion. Add'.Blo in 
 diem, the adjudging a thing to another for a 
 certain price, unlefs the owner, or another 
 perfon, bid more for it within a certain day. 
 A'DDISON {'Jofepb] thefonof Launcelot, 
 dean of Coventry, born at Milfton in Wilts, 
 on May 14th, 1672, and baptized the fame 
 day, being not expefted to live. He was 
 brought up at the Charterhoufe-fchooi, and 
 was entered at Magdalen college in Oxford 
 when but fixteen. 
 
 ADDITA'MENT, S. [addit amentum, Lat.j 
 a thing added, or addition. 
 
 ADDJTl'ON, S. [from addo, Lat.j the 
 adl of adding or joining one thing to another, 
 in order to increafe it? quantity or dimenfions. 
 2. The thing which is added, increafe. 3. 
 Interpolation, or the corrupting of writings or 
 tenets, by tnferting fomething new,orfpu'ious. 
 In Aiichmetic, one of the five principal rules. 
 In Law, a title given to a man, bef:des his 
 chriftian, or furname, implying his eftjte, 
 degree, occupation, age, or pLce of r fidence. 
 
 ADDI'TIONAL, Adj. th.t which isadded; 
 th'it which incieafes. Wiih 'ifpeft to argu- 
 ments, a great num 'cr, or more forcible ones. 
 
 ADDi'TIOR Y, Adj. that which is added ; 
 or has the power ot increafiiig. 
 
 A'DDLE, Adj. [of adl, or add, Sax. a dif- 
 ealej empty, rot' en ; commonly nid of eggs 
 thjt produce no chicks, though J^id un 'cr the 
 hen : and hence it is applied to a brain chat 
 produces nothinsj. 
 
 A'DDLE- PATED, Adj. empty. fcuUed, 
 filly, ftupid, giddv he.ided, &c. 
 
 To A'DDRESS, V. A. \ oi' addrejir, Ft.] 
 I. To prepare for ufe. 2. To make ready, 
 to prepare one's felf for any adlion. 3. Tu 
 prefent a petition to. 4. To make app ita- 
 lion to a perfon. 5, To direft one's l^>eech to 
 a particular perfon, or body of men. 
 
 A'DDRESS, S. [addtejji. Ft.] i. An ap- 
 plication in order to peiAiide. 2. Tile fuit or 
 application of a lover. 3. Behaviour, or gen 
 teel carriage. 4. Quicknefs of underftancfint, 
 preftnce o! mii;d 5. An application (rom 
 an irj^ferior to a/uperior. 6. The direction ot 
 a letter, or the method in which a petfon is 
 direfled o. 
 
 A'DDRESSER, S. [from addrefs] the per- 
 fon who carries the petition and delivers the 
 adrirels. 
 
 ADDU'CENT. Part, [ar'ducens, Lat.j that 
 which diaws to, or clofe. In Anatomy, ap 
 plied to thole mufcl s that brine forward, 
 clofe, ordaw together, the parts of the body 
 to v/iiich they are fixed. 
 
 ADF.'LARD, S a Aord of honour among 
 the Sax )ns ap ropria'ea to the roval blood. 
 
 ADcNOGRA'PHY, S. [of aS^v, a gl.md, 
 £nd y^a^-i), a writing or defcriptionj a treatife, 
 «r dsicfiption of the gland*. 
 
 A D J 
 
 A'DEPT, S, [of adipifcor, adepm, Lat] 
 one that underftands all ihe fecrets of his art, 
 originally appropriated to chemifts, but novy 
 applied to perfons ot any pr<-ftfiion. 
 
 A'DEPT, Part, ihorou-hly fkilled in any 
 thing, well verfed in any matter. 
 
 A'DEQUATE, Adj. \adcquani!, Lat.] t. 
 Equal or proportionate to. 2. Full, pe.feft, 
 proper, fole, and entire. Adec^uau ideas are 
 thofe which more perfedlly reprefent than 
 archetypes. 
 
 A'DEQUATELY, Adv. fully, completely, 
 in exa£l croportion, juftly. 
 
 A'DEQUATENESS, S. equ.llty,- perfeft 
 refemblance; juftnefs of correfpondence, ex- 
 aftr.cfs of proportion, 
 
 ADE'SSHNARII, S. [of adejfe Lat. to 
 be prcient] thofe who hold the corporal pre- 
 fence of Chrift at the faciament, but in a 
 mannfr different from the Papifts. 
 
 ADFE'CTED, Adj. [adfUius, Lat.] com- 
 pounded, or confviling of known ,.nd unknovsn 
 parts. .^.//"iifTcii cqudiions, |n Algebra, com- 
 pcunJed eciuttions. 
 
 To ADHE'RE, V. A. [of adhero, Lat.] 
 to ftick to, like any glutinous muUcr; firti- 
 rativeiy, to hold together, join, or unite with. 
 To perfift in, or remain firm to a party, per- 
 fon. or opinion. 
 
 ADHERENCE, or ADHE/RENCY, S. 
 \trcim adhere,] the quality of fii'-king jto 5 
 ftrong artacnments, fteady of peifever^nce. 
 
 ADHE'RENT, Part, or Adj. clinging or 
 (licking to. in Logic, fomethng added or 
 not rflential to a thing, 
 
 ADHl.'RENT, S. one who is, firmly at- 
 tached to any perfon, parly, or opinion. 
 
 ADHE'RER S. one who is tenacious of 
 any te.'iet, or iharply attached to any perloit, 
 parly, or proteffion. 
 
 ADHE'SiON, S. the a£l of cleaving, or 
 flicking to. Adhejion to a n.tural body is 
 u!ed and adherence to a par-.y; but lometimes 
 promifc- ouflv. 
 
 ADHE'Sl'VE, Adj. remaining cl fe at- 
 tachni, ft. I king, or keepinj; to, without any 
 deviation 
 
 ADJA'CENCY, S. i. State of lying near 
 to. 2. The w ing itfelf fo lying. 
 
 ADfA'CENT, Part. or'Adj. lying near, 
 or bordering upon, contiouous, or touching 
 each other. 
 
 ADJA'CENT, S. the context, or words 
 irr.mecutcly foHowing, or going before. 
 
 ADIA'PHORISTS, S. [Irom a?;a^!!poc, 
 Gr. indifferent] a na.me given to the rrKxierate 
 Lutherans in the fixteenth centurv. whoad- 
 liered to the fentiments of Mebnifhon. Af- 
 terwards to thofe who fubfcribed the Interim 
 of Charles ihe fiUh. 
 
 ADIA'PHOROUS, Adj. [of a priv. aal 
 ^(a<|>0|Ptj, different] indiiierfot (ir neutr'' ; '\r\. 
 v.. nc oii^jy, applied to lutli falls, as are neither 
 acid or alkaline. 
 
 APJE'CriVE, 6, UdjeHivum, of adjiciot 
 D a " L-t. j
 
 A D J 
 
 Lat.] i word which denotes the qualities of a 
 fubjeft, as a ^reat miniftiir ; the word great is 
 an adjfdlive, as denoting only the qualities ot 
 the n-.inifter. It derives its name from its 
 being joined or added to another word, either 
 exprelTed, or underftood, in order to limit the 
 fenfe. 
 
 ADJE'CTIVELY, Adv. in an adjeftue 
 fenfe, in the manner of an adjedlive. 
 
 ADIEU', Adv. [a ditu, Fr.'j farewel, God 
 be with you. 
 
 To ADJO'IN, V, A. [of aJjungo, Lat.] 
 to join, to unite to, to add to ; alfo, to be 
 contiguous to, to lie fo near as to touch or 
 join to. 
 
 To ADJO'URN, V. A. [of a.^joumer, Fr. 
 compofed of aJ ana jour, a day] to appoint a 
 day, to put olf to another time ; ufed chiefly 
 et juridical proceedings, and the meeting ot 
 parliament. 
 
 ADJO'URNMENT, S. the deferring or 
 putting off to another day ; delay, or procra- 
 Aination. 
 
 ADIPO'SA MEMBRANA, S. [with 
 Anatomifts] a membrane which inclofei the 
 c^llulas adipofas ; or a number of holes or 
 cells full of fat ; but more particularly that 
 in which the kidneys are wrapt up. 
 
 ADIPO'SA VEN A, S. [with Anatomifts] 
 a vein which arifes from the defcending trunk 
 of the cava, and fpreads itfelf on the coat and 
 fat, covering th? kidneys. 
 
 ADIFO'SI DUCTUS, S. [with Anato- 
 mirtsj certain veilels of an animal body, 
 which convey the adepsor far, into the inter- 
 llices of the mufclcs or parts that are between 
 the flelh and the (\i\n. 
 
 ADIPOUS, Aoj. [aciipojus, Laf.] full of 
 adeps, .:deps-hearted or fat ; t;reaf) . 
 
 A'DITS, S. [aditus ftoin adto, Lat. to go 
 to] a palTage, or entry, the /hafl or entrance 
 into a mine. 
 
 A'DITION, S. [of aditum, Sup. of adeo, 
 Lat. J a going or coming nigh to. 
 
 To ADJU'DGE, V. A. [of adjuduo, 
 Lat.] I. To give judgment or fentence in a 
 cou.'t of jultice, with to before the perfon. 2. 
 To award, to fentence. 3. Simply to deter- 
 mine or judge. 
 
 ADJU'DICATION, S. [adjudlcatlo, Lat.] 
 the ad of judging, or giving to a perfon by a 
 ju'licij) fentence. 
 
 To ADJU'DICATE, V. A. to determine 
 any claim at law; to give or affign the right 
 of fomething controverted to one of the clai- 
 mants. 
 
 ADJU'NCT, Part. {adjurHum, Lat. of ad- 
 jungo, to join to] I. Something united, but 
 not efTential. 2. One joined to another as 
 a companion, or afiiilant. In Philofophy, 
 fomething added to a thing not efTentially be- 
 longing to it ; a mode that may be feparat- 
 ed from its fubjeft. yldjunBs are either 
 abfolute or limited \ the former relate to 
 the whole of their fubjeif^, the latter only 
 
 ADM 
 
 to a part of it. AdjunBs, In Grammar 
 and Rhetoric, are adjeftives or epithets add- 
 ed to enlarge or augment the energy of a 
 vlifcourfe. 
 
 ADJU'NCTION, S. [adjunffio, Lat.] the 
 a£l of joining things together; or ftale of a 
 thing joined. 
 
 AD JU'R A REGIS, S. [Lat. to the king's 
 right] a writ that lies for a clerk, prefented to 
 a living by the king, againft thofe who en- 
 deavour to eiett him. 
 
 ADJU'RATION, S. [adjuratto, Lat.] 
 the form of an oath taken by any perfon ; or 
 an oath idminiftered to any perfon, whereby 
 lie is under a necsflity of fpeaking the truth 
 without difguife. 
 
 To ADjU'RE, V. A. [odjuro,^ Lat.] to 
 bind a perfon to do or not do any thing, under 
 the penalty of a dreadful curfe. To entreat 
 earneftly by the moft pathetic topics. To 
 fwear by. To oblige a perfon to declare the 
 truth upon oath; a form made ufe of among 
 the Jews, which laid the malefaftor under.a 
 necefiky of fpeaking the truth without dif- 
 guife. " I adjure thu by the living God." 
 Matih. xxvi. 23. 
 
 To ADJU'ST, V.A. \adjufier, Fr. from ad 
 to, inA jujium, Lat. right] tomakeconfiftent, 
 to regulate. To fettle, to reduce to a ftandard, 
 or criterion. To reconcile. 
 
 ADJU'STMENT, S. [from adjuft'] a juft 
 defcription, an explication and obviation of 
 difficulties in a fubjeft. A juft difpofition of 
 parts, wherein they confpire to promote and 
 aflift: each other's motion. 
 
 A'DJUTANT, S. [adjutars, Lat, of ad- 
 juto] in the Military art, an helper, or aflift- 
 ant. More particularly an officer in the army, 
 v/ho affifts a fuperior, particularly the m?jor, 
 in diftributing the pay, and overfeeing the 
 punifhment of the inferior men. 
 
 ADJUTANT GE'NERAL, is one who 
 attends jhe general, affifts in council, and car- 
 ries the orders from one part of the army to 
 another. 
 
 ADJUTOR, S. [udjutor, Lat.] a helper; 
 one who gives affiUance. 
 
 ADJU TO'RIUM, S. [Lat. fromadjuvo, to 
 help] in Anatomy, the humerus, or (houlder- 
 bone. 
 
 ADJUrrORY, Adj. [adjuisrius, Lat.] that 
 which gives, or can give sfTiftance. Adjutory 
 bones, in Anatomy, are two bones which reach 
 from the fhouUers to the elbows. 
 
 ADJU'TRIX, S. [Lat.] a female helper, 
 or a woman whoaffifts. 
 
 AD LlBl'TUM, [Lat.] as you pleafe ; a 
 phrafe ulcd by medical and mufical writers. 
 
 ADME A'SUREMENT.S. the meafuring, 
 or finding the dimenfiens r.ad quantity of a 
 thing by the application of a ftandard or rule : 
 III Law, a writ brought sgainft fuch as ufurp 
 more than their due. 
 
 ADMENSURA'TION,S. [of adto, and 
 men/ura, Lat. a laeafurej the a^ of determin- 
 ing
 
 ADM 
 
 ftration.with the will annexed to it, Is grant* 
 cd to the next of kin. 
 
 ADMINlSTRA'TlVE.Adj. [fromadtnt- 
 
 nijlrate] that which aids, fiipports, or aflifts. 
 
 ADMINISTRA'TOR, S. {adminiftratort 
 Lat.] the perfon who officiates as a minifter or 
 prieft in a church. He that has the chief ma- 
 nagement of national afF.iirs. In Law, he who 
 has the goods of a man dying without will 
 committed to his charge, and is accountable 
 for them, when required by the ordinary. 
 The office of adminiftrator is the fame as that 
 of executors with regard to the burial, dif- 
 charging funeral expences, and payment of 
 the debts, &c. of the deceafed ; but as this 
 power is communicated by adminiftration, he 
 can do nothing before that is granted. 
 
 ADMINISTRATORSHIP, S. [from ad' 
 minijlrator and /hip] the otfice of an adminii 
 ftrdtor. 
 
 ADMINISTRA'TRIX,S. [Lat.] a female 
 who has the goods and chattels of a perfon 
 dying inteftate, committed to her charge, 
 
 A'DMIRABLE, Adj. [admWabiUs, Lat. 
 from admiro, to admire] worthy of admiration, 
 A'DMIR ABLENESS, S.the quality which 
 is capable of exciting won<ier, admiration, and 
 including the idea of worth, excellence, and 
 unexpefted perfeftion. 
 
 ADMIRABi'LITY, S. [admtrabilh, Lat. 
 the quality or ftdte which caufes admiration, 
 A'DMIRABLY, Adv. [from admWMe, 
 and /y] in a manner which excites an idea of 
 contrivance, perfeftion, and worth, fo as to 
 produce- admiration, 
 
 A'DMIR AL, S. formerly fpelt ammtral, 
 from amm'iral, Tevit, atr.nr.rael, Dut. and ad- 
 mirai, Fr.] an officer, who has the chief 
 command of a fleet. According to Dii Cange, 
 tJe Sicilians were the firft, and the Ccrijefe 
 the next, who gave this name to the comman- 
 der of their naval affairs ; an^ it is fuppofed 
 that Philip of France introduced the name 
 into Europe in 1214; and the firft mention of 
 this name among us was in the reign of Ed- 
 v/atd 1. Lord high admiral, one inverted with 
 power to determine by himfelf, or deputies, all 
 crimes committed on the fea and its coafts, 
 James, duke of York, and afterwards king, 
 bore this office; but at prefent it is divided 
 among fevcral pcrfons, who arc ftiled lords 
 commiffioners of the admiralty. Under the 
 a'fmirdl is a rear-admiral, who commnds a 
 third fqiiadron of men of war, and carries hii 
 (lag, with ihe arms of his couniry, in the 
 mizxen-top of his ftiip ; and a vice-admiraj, 
 who commands the fecond fquadron, and 
 carries his flag on the fhip's fore top. 
 
 A'DMIR ALSHIP, S. [of admiral and 
 Jhif>\ the office of an adm ral. 
 
 A'DMIRALTY, S. [ammirawte, Fr.] the 
 
 office or power of the lord high- admiral, or 
 
 lords commiffioners. k confilh at prefent of 
 
 a firft commiflioncr, wlio prelides at the board, 
 
 to prove a will, and, on that account, admini- 'and fix others, which take place in the order 
 
 D 3 Xheir 
 
 ADM 
 
 ing or finding out the length and other dimen- 
 fions by a ftandard, rule, or meafure. 
 
 To ADMINISTER, [adminiftro, Lat.] to 
 afford, including the idea of help or fervice ; to 
 |;ive. In Politics, to manage, or conduft the 
 aflPairs ef government, including the idea of 
 fubordination. In judicial courts, to render, 
 or apply to a perfon to take his oath. " To 
 adminifier an oath." In Church govern- 
 ment, to perforin the office of a minifter, or 
 prieft, in giving the elements of bread and 
 wine, (^c. in the facrament. " To adminijier 
 the facrament." In Phyfic, to difpenfe me 
 dicines, prefcribe and apply remedies. " yid 
 minijlering phyfic." To be fubfervient to \ 
 to contribute to ; with the particle to. " jid- 
 minifieri to the pleafure." Spell. No. 477. 
 In Law, to take pofTeffion of the goods and 
 chattels ofa perfon dying without a will, to give 
 in an inventory thereof on oath at the Com- 
 mons, and oblige one's felf to be accountable 
 for them. 
 
 To ADMI'NISTRATE, V. A. [admini- 
 Jiro, Lat.] to apply, or make ufe of. " In 
 wardly adminijirated,''' A term peculiar to 
 phyfic, but feldom ufed by rnndern writers, 
 
 ADMI/NISTRATION, S. [admirifraiio, 
 Lat,] the aft of enforcing, or applying, or 
 giving fentence according to the (enie of a law, 
 " In the adminijiration of his law.*' Shakefp. 
 Hen. iV. The difcharge of one of the chief 
 offices of flate, which refpefls the direftlon of 
 public affairs. The a£live or executive pajt of 
 government. Thofe who are entrufted'with 
 the care of public affairs. •' The prefent ad- 
 miniflration has retrieved the character of our 
 nation, and made England as illuftrious as 
 Rome or Greece are fuppofed to have been in 
 the height of their glory." The due dif- 
 charge of an office. The performitncc of the 
 neceffary rites, the aft of diftribuling bread 
 and wine, &ff, in the eucharift. In Law, the 
 aft or ftate of a perfon, who takes charge of 
 the effefts of one dying inteftate, and is ac- 
 countable for them, when thereto required. 
 The bifhop of the diocefe, where the party dies, 
 is to grant adminiftratinn ; but if the deceafed 
 has goods in feveral diocefes, termed in law 
 bona notahilia, it muft then be granted by the 
 archbiflinp in the pi erogati ve court : The per- 
 fons, to whom adminiftration may be granted, 
 are, lil, to the huft)and, of his wife's goods 
 and chattels : 2d, to the wife, of the huftiand's, 
 but in default of cither of thefe, 3d'y, to the 
 children, of either lex: In cafe there be none, 
 4thly, to the father and mother ; after them, 
 5thly, to a brother or fifter of the whole or 
 half blood ; in default of thefe, 6thly, to the 
 next of kin, as uncle, aunt, or coufln ; and tor 
 vrant of all thefe, ythly, to any other perfon, 
 at the difcretion of the ordinary, (sfc. 
 ADMINISTRA'TION,cuM tf.stamen- 
 TO ANNExo, [Lat, with a teftament or will 
 annexed] in Law, is where an executor refufes
 
 ADM 
 
 iheir rsmes are fct down in the coTnm'(T\on. 
 They have their chief direflion in the affairs 
 of the navy; their jurifliftion is over Great- 
 Britain, Ireland; Wale«,and the dominions and 
 jf]es thereto belonging. All warrants for 
 buiU'ing, and previewing /hips with warlike 
 Acres, are flgncd by them. 
 
 ADMIRATION, S. [tft/«;r^?70, Lzt.] a 
 pafiion excited, when we difcover a great ex- 
 rellence in an dbieft:. In fuch a manner as 
 to excite wonder. " Reafoning to admiration.'' 
 Surprize, including the fecondary idea of 
 f')mething culpable. " Vour bol'lnefs I with 
 " admiration fee." Dryri, In Grammar, a 
 poi nt or ftop, which denotes, tba' the fentence 
 before it implies wonder or allonifhment ; 
 marked thuf (!) 
 
 To ADMi'RE, V, A. [^.-/wrVo, Lat.] to 
 Inok upon with wnder, inclu.iing efteem ; and 
 arifing fiom the difcovery of unexpefted and 
 5ne::hsiifted excellence. Sometimes, but fel- 
 jJon), ufcd in a bad fenfe, to imply the paffion 
 of wonder arifing fror;i fomehing which is 
 cxtrav-igan'ly vicious, and diforderly. 
 
 ADMl'R-ED, Part, [of admire] that which 
 CCcaGons E'^eat furprize and aflonifliment. 
 
 ADMI'RFR, S. [from admire and er] a 
 pcrfon wh'> fee's thtfp.'fiion oi admiration ri- 
 fing at the f'tiht, or cdniemplation, of any 
 thing furpiifingty excellent. He who won- 
 der", orrcg-irds with admiration. 
 
 ADMl'RJNGLY, Adv. [from admiring 
 and ly\ as touched with adiniratinn,. " Admi- 
 rir.ply and mnnrn'iiliy." ^bahefp. 
 
 ADWl'SSIBLF., Adj. [ad>>}iiti, Lat.] that 
 wliich msy te granted or admitted. 
 
 ADxMI^^SrON, S. [<j<^»/.J//7p, Lat.] liberty 
 pr perminioii of entering. Accefs or liberty ot 
 approaching. A power of entering. The 
 granting a propcfitinn not fully proved. In 
 Law, is when a biihop, after examination. 
 ;i!low'S a prieft to enter into a benefice ti 
 v.ihich he is pre'ented, faying, admitto te ka- 
 iifem. " I admit you as a perfon properly qua- 
 Jified." 
 
 To ADMIT, V. A. [admiito, Lat.] to 
 , grant accefs to. To permit or fuffer a perfon 
 to enisr upi-n an office. To grant, in a gene- 
 ral f;nfc ; to allow. 
 
 ADIWPTTABLE, Adj. [from admit, and 
 a'~a!, Sax.] that which may be admitted, ap- 
 plied Ix^'h to pcrfons and things. 
 
 ADMITTANCE, S. [from admit^ a per- 
 inifi'on of a perfon to take and txeicife the 
 tunctioKs of any office. A.ccefs, paflage, or 
 foweroi entering. A prerogstive, or right of 
 finding a ready accefs lo the great. The ac- 
 ledingto, granting, or conceilion of, any po 
 fiiion. 
 
 To ADMl'X, V. A. [jdmifce-i, Lat.] to 
 join to^ 0' mingle vtiih fomething elff. 
 
 ADMl'XION, S. [from admtx] the join 
 ing, bleruhnc, or incorporating one body or 
 fiuid with niiiher bv mixing. " By admixion 
 ol idit, iuiph r, &f." Bacsn. 
 
 ADO 
 
 . ADMIO^TURE, S. [from admU'] the 
 blending or rrinelmg rne body with another. 
 
 To ADMO'NISfi, V, A. [admomi, Lat.] 
 to exhort, or give advice, with the prepofition 
 aga\nji. " Adtnnmjhed him againfl that un- 
 skilful piece of ingenuity." Dei ay of Piety. 
 To reprove. " AdmorAp him as a brother." 
 2. Thejjal. iii. 15, To give a perfon a hint, to 
 warn- " A? Mo!c5 was odmon'ifoed of God." 
 lleh. viii 5. To "ut in mind of a fault. 
 
 ADMO'NISHER, S. 'from adirjifr, and 
 er] the perfon who reminds another of his 
 t'utv, ar.J reproves him fcr his faults. 
 
 ADMONL'SHMENT, S. [from adnwmfa] 
 a hint by \s hich a perfon is reproved for his 
 laults, o' rem'nded of his duty. 
 
 ADMONI'TION, S. [adnonltioy Lat.] a 
 hint of duty. A reminding a perfon of his 
 duty, or reproof foi the negleiSt of it. A ftate 
 ot reverentis} awe and obedience to the warn- 
 ings that are given. " Bring them up in the 
 admonition oi' the Lord." Ef-bef. vi. 4. 
 
 ADMONI'TIONER, S. [fiom admomtion, 
 and er] a perfon fond of giving advice. Ufe4 
 lometimes in a ludicrous fenfe. 
 
 ADMO'NITORY, Adj. [admonitoriut, 
 Lat. j that whith gives and excites us to the 
 perttxmance of a duty. ^' Adnior.itory, open- 
 ins, what is convenient .for us to do." Hooker, 
 
 To ADMO'VE, V A. [admoieo, Lat.] to 
 move towards, to approach, or bring neater to. 
 " If unto the powder of loadflone, or iron, 
 we adriafi the north pole of the loadftone." 
 Broivn. 
 
 ADNA'TA, Part, [from ctdnajccr'] in Ana- 
 tomy, applied to a coat of the eye, called /«- 
 fica adnata; and likcvife conjuvltifa or albu- 
 genea It is that which is called the white of 
 I he eye, and is formed by the tendons of the 
 mufcli-s which move it j likewife, thofe things, 
 ■Ahich grow upon animal or vegetable bodies, 
 luch as wool, hair, horns on the former ; and 
 tupi',', miPeto, or other excrefcsTces on the 
 latter. — in Gardening, thofe itts produced 
 from bulbous rooted plants, clofely connefted 
 with the parent plant, as in the narciffus, ama- 
 ryllis, (^c. which in a year or two grow to the 
 fize of the original roots. 
 
 Ai.O'". S. [from a expletive and do, in the 
 fame manner as the French a in affaire, of a 
 and fain Xo do] difficulty, ,whtn foilowing 
 much; "With much ado he partly kept a-? 
 wake.'' Dryd. With the prepofi;iun about, 
 buftle, noife, or tumult. " All this ado about 
 Adam's faiherhood," Locke. With the words 
 great, or more, it fignifies a greater appe^.rance 
 or fhow of bufinefs than what is real, and is 
 taken in a ludicrous fenfe. " I made no more 
 ado, but took all." tihaiefp. Hen. IV. 
 
 AD O'CTO, [Lat. to the eighth] a ternf 
 ufed by fome philofophers,to denote the higheft 
 or fuperlative degree, becaufe, in diflinguifhing 
 qualities, they never went beyond the eighth, 
 ADOLE'SCENCE, S. [adoleUer.tia, Lat.] 
 '■ the ftale of a eroyving youth, commencing 
 
 frotn
 
 ADO 
 
 ftom his infancy,and ending at his full growth; 
 «nd lafling at long as the fibres continue to in- 
 creafe in dimenfion or firmnels ; commonly 
 computed to between fifteen and twenty-five, 
 Lf not thirty years of age. The Romans com- 
 puted it from twelve to twenty five in males, 
 and to twenty-one in femalas. '* A tedious 
 time of childhood and adchfcencey Bentkf. 
 
 ADO'NIC, Adj. [from Adorns] in Poetry, a 
 Ihort ver!e confifting ©nly of a daftyl and fpon- 
 dee J and derives its name 'from its being ufed 
 in the dirges made to lament the lofs of Adonis. 
 ADO'NIS, S. [Heb. pleafure] in Mytho- 
 logy, the fon of Cynaras, king of Cyprus, by 
 inceft J a favourite of the goddefs Venus ; he 
 was fo beautiful, that ftie carried him away by 
 violence ; and torfook the celeftial abodes for 
 the fake of his company. But he being at laft 
 (lain by an Erymanthian bojr, the goddefs wis 
 inconfolable for his lofs; which wasiikewife 
 celebrated by an annual mourning ; and the 
 Kver Byblib's becoming red was generally ef- 
 teemed as a proper time to begin the ceremony. 
 Mon'ia Jacra, were the folemn ceremonies 
 hnted at above, which v/ere celebrated at 
 Byblis, in the temple of Venus, in honourof 
 Venus, and in memory of Adonis. Adonidh 
 bci-u, or the gardens of Adonis, were pots of 
 fiowers carried in the procefiion ; they became 
 proverbial, to fignify tranlient pleafure ; and 
 are, by modern botanifts, applied to thofe 
 jslants and flowers which grow in pots, and are 
 fet on the outf:deo of windows, balconies, £^c. 
 
 To ADO'PT, V. A. \cdopto, Lac.J tofub 
 ftitute another perfon's fon inflead of one's 
 own, and make him capable of inheriting, as if 
 Jo by nature. " Yet I could fome adopted heir 
 provide." Dryd. To acquire, in oppofition 
 to what is inherent by nature. To rely or 
 confide in, and make ufe of as if our own. 
 
 ADO'PTION, S. [adopth, Lat ] The ad 
 by which a perfon takes the child of another 
 fur his own fon. 
 
 ADO'PTIVE, Adj. [adoptlvus, Lat.] that 
 ■which is adopted, in oppofition to a fon by 
 procreation. 
 
 ADO'RABLE, Adj. [adorable, Yt.] that 
 which is worthy of, and ought to receive di- 
 vine honour. 
 
 ADO'RABLENESS, S. [of adorable, and 
 N^ Goth.] the quality which renders a being 
 worthy of divine honours. 
 
 ADO'RABLY, Adv. [fxom adcabk and /y 
 of the Sax. lic\ in a manner worthy of divine 
 worihip. 
 
 ADORATION, S. [a^orariff, Lat.] the 
 aft of worfh'pping, including in it reverence, 
 efieem, and love. The external atl of homage 
 paid to God, d.fbini^uifhed from mental wor- 
 ship. " By way of externa; adoration.'" Ha- 
 mage paid to perfons in^high poils, or in gccat 
 efteem. " What is thy toll, O adoration f' 
 Sboktff. HtK.V. 
 
 To ADO'RE, V. A, [adcro, Lat.] to reve- 
 jenie, to honour with divine woifhip. To pay 
 
 ADR 
 
 a high degree of regard, reverence, efte«m, 
 and homage. 
 
 A,DO'RER, S. [from af/orf and fr] one who 
 pays divine honours to the Deitv. One who ' 
 has a gre.it and reverential reg.ird. " Hr; was 
 fo fevere an adorer of tru h.' Clarend. In. 
 common converfuion, a lover who almoft 
 idolizes the objeil of his afieftion. 
 
 To ADO'RN, V. A. [adorr.o, Lat.] to fet 
 'off with drefs. " As a bride aJorneih for her' 
 hufband." Rev. xxi. 2. To deck wirji orna- 
 ments. To convey fplendor, or pomp. To 
 be embeUiflied, or graced with oratory, and 
 elegance of lahguage. 
 
 ADO'RNMENT, S. [from adorn] the ad- 
 vartage of "rnament, applied both to drefs and 
 the faculties of the mind. 
 
 ADO'WN, Prep, towards the ground, 
 downwards, or down. " Adoivn her ihoul- 
 ders fell her length of hair." Diyd. 
 
 ADRA'GAN TH, S. [.n-MedicineJ Gum 
 Dragon ; it diftils by inclfion from the trunk 
 or great roots of a plant, which is fmall and 
 thorny, with thin Jiender leaves, and grows 
 in feveral parts in the Levant. The gum is of 
 difierent colours, as white, red, and black. It 
 mufl: be chofen clear, fmooth, and twifling. It 
 is of great ufe in medicine. Skinnersand cur- 
 riers ufe great quantities of it in preparing 
 their leather, and prefer the red and black, 
 though all others ufe the'white or grey. 
 
 A'DRIAN, IV. pope of Rome, born at 
 Langlcy near St.Alban's in Hertfordfhire : Hi-s 
 origHal name being Nich.'Brekefpere. V/hcn 
 he applied to be admitted into the abbey at St. 
 Alban's, he was rejected by abbot Richard, 
 which fet him upon trying his fotlune ahroad. 
 By his merits and integrity, he acquired the 
 puntifical dignity in 1 154, and aflun-jed the 
 name of Adrian. On the news nf his promo- 
 tion, Henry IL fent Robert, abbot of St. Al- 
 ban's, in company with three bifhops, tc com- 
 pliment him, who offering him fome valuable, 
 prefents, he refufed them, faying, with great 
 good nature, " I will not accept your gifts, 
 becaufe, when 1 defired to take the habit in 
 your monaflery, you rejected me." *' Sir," 
 anfk'.'ered the abbot, " V/e could bynomeatis 
 receive you, it being repugnant to the vi ill of 
 God, whole providence reiervedyou for greater 
 things." Tiie pope replied, " I tharji you 
 for this polite a.'".d obhging anfwer; ' and 
 added, " D-areft abbot, abk boldly, whatever 
 you defire, I (hall be always ready-to f.Tve St. 
 Albaii, as I am inyfeU hisdlfciph." He ab- 
 folved Henry from his oath, not to fet a(ide 
 his father's will.; had his ftirrup held by Fre- 
 derick, king of the Romans, as he mounted his 
 horfe, and is reported to have died in 1 1 59, by 
 poifun. or f hoaked by a fly as he was drinlcing, 
 A-DiRl'FT, Adv. [drcif. 111. to be toffed a- 
 bout, dt:fji! or adrifan, Sax.] driven at the 
 plealure of a torrent. In a figurative fenfe, at 
 random, without jcfiraint, wr following the 
 firfl i.mpwlfe. 
 
 1) 4 ADRO'IT,
 
 A D V 
 
 ADHO'lT, Ad]. [Fr. from adroit, icxte- 
 xou] one wlio is very aftive; dexterous, 
 cunniii , n"" Ciaity. 
 
 ADRO'lTNESS, S. [from aJret't, anA J^S 
 Goth.] dexterity; readiaefs, aiHivity ; afli 
 duiiy. " Keither this nor the prccc^iri<j word 
 fecm to be p:rteftly naturalized. ' Jih^fon. 
 
 ADR'Y, AJj. [trom a and^'_y] in wane ot 
 d:ink ; (hirfty. 
 
 ADS JITl'TIOUS, Adj. [aJfcifir.-u^, Lar.] 
 faken in to fupply or cotnplcie, added unnecel- 
 fariiy. Spurious; inierpalited, and not ge- 
 nuine; biirrowfd, o' counterfeit. 
 
 AD,STR1'CT10N,S- [adjlrUHo, Lit.] the 
 aft of binding together; conuading into a 
 Iril'cr cirnpafs ; applied to medicines which 
 have the power of contratling thole parte. 
 
 To APVA'NCE, V. A. [a-L-aw; Fr.J to 
 bring foi ward, with relation to place. To raile 
 tc a higher poll; to prefer. To exalr, by im- 
 provement. To adorn, heighten, to comnriuni 
 cate hoficur. To haften the jirowth, applied to 
 vegetables. To propofe ; to ofrer to the public ; 
 to produce. In a mercantile fenfe, to pay the 
 char^;es of an undertaking before the time of 
 rcirnburffemeiit arrives. To give or lend a per- 
 I'cn money or commoditie?, be lore he begins 
 th" bufine*"' •• hich ii to reimburfe it. 
 
 To ADVA'NCE, V. N. to come forward. 
 To make a progrefs. 
 
 ADVA'NCE, S. [from advc^nce] the aft of 
 coming fcrivards, to approach. Gradation, or 
 gradual intreafe. Raifing to a higher degree of 
 dignity or perfeftion. 
 
 ADVA'NCE FO'SSE, or DITCH, in For- 
 tification, a ditch, dravMi round the efplanade 
 or glacis of a place, as far as the counterfcarpc-, 
 to prtv'-nt a furprize from the bedcger.'. [See 
 FOSSEj AdvaiKeGua!:d,\_a'uar.t guarde,Yr.^ is 
 tlie fitft line of aa army in battle array next 
 to the enemy. 
 
 ADVA'NCEMENT, S. [from advance] 
 the aft of gaining ground, progrefs. " It 
 makes da ly advancements,^' Sivift. Promotion 
 to a highar ftation ; preferment. Raifing to a 
 greater r'fch o{ perfeftioii, imnrovement. 
 ADVA'NCER, S. he that promotes or 
 
 forw-iids, 
 
 ADVA'N TAGE, S. \ai-antagt, Fr.] ufed 
 viih of or o-ver before the perfon, the better 
 of a jjerfon, or fuperiority. Ufcd with make, 
 taie, or get, it implies fuperiority aicjuired by 
 Uratagem, or cunning. " Defigning to take 
 ad^i-cntage, and profecute him." tiicift. A 
 favcutable opportunity. In Mercantile afl'jirs, 
 a premium, or profit prealer than what can 
 be c!ain;td by law ; " You neuher lend nor 
 borrow uro'i advantage' Mercb. cf Ven, 
 
 To ADVA'NTAGE, V, .\.'\awntage, 
 Fr.J 10 bc'.nttic. To improve, promoie, or for- 
 ward. To acquire profit ; to pr.ilit. 
 
 ADV.V'NTAGED.Part [from adiianta^e} 
 fclTfiied of advantages; refined by fuperior 
 aitjinmeni'. 
 
 ADVANTA'GEOUS, Adj. [from advan- 
 
 A D V 
 
 tage, avantageux, Fr.] that which conduces 
 to profit. Ut'eful or ferviceable. 
 
 ADVANTA'GEOUSLY, Adv. [froma^- 
 vanfiigeoui and ly] in a manner conducing to 
 convenience, or profit. 
 
 ADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, S. fervice or 
 convenience. 
 
 To ADVE'ME, V. A. [advinio, Lit.] to 
 becoirc a part of a thing, including his idea 
 of fomethine fuperadded, and not efTential. 
 
 ADV£^\IENT, Parr, [ad-veniens, part, 
 pref. o( adicnio, Lat. to come to] that which 
 is fuperadded ; additional, incidental. " Ex- 
 triniically ad'venient.'" Glan-u. " Yet further 
 removed by advenknt deception." Broivn 
 
 ADVE'NT, S. [adventus, Lat, a coming, 
 an approach] the fpace of four wee.ks fet apart 
 by the church, as a pieparation for the ap- 
 proaching feftival of Chrrtmas. 
 
 ADVE'NTINE, Adj. [adventlmn, Lat. of 
 advenio] that which is actjuired, in oppofition 
 to that which is natural. 
 
 ADVENTI'TIOUS,Adj.[<zrfwsMm«,L3t.l 
 that which is fuperadded, or aujuired, in oppo- 
 fition to natural. That which is not of the 
 fame nature. Addi-ional, or increafeJ. " Ad- 
 ■ventitioui fires r.aifed by high mtats.'' D'yd. 
 
 ADVE'NTURE, S. [avanture. Fr.J an 
 incident, which is not under our dircftion ; a 
 haz.ird. Hazarding a!! dangers. " Rtfolved 
 to take Qi^ebec at all Ad-netitures.^^ Wolf, 
 An attempt in which fome rifque is run. " Or, 
 tailing in the adventure, die," D^yd. An 
 incident, or occurrence. In Commerce, a 
 parcel of goods, fent b\ fea, at a peifon's own 
 rifque, to foieign parts. 
 
 To ADVENTURE, V. N. to fland the 
 chance, to run the rifque. " I have ad-ven- 
 turcdx.ouy,'" Shalcfp, In an aclive fenfe, to 
 endanaer. " Ad-L-imuied \\\%\\ic." Judg \x.i-j, 
 ADVE'NTURER, S. {avantuner, Fr.J 
 one who feeks occafjons of hazard; one who 
 expofes himfelf to danger; a knight errant. 
 
 ADVE'NTUROUS,Adj.[fl'ytfnCKr£ax,Fr.] 
 that is ready to expofe himfelf to the greatcft 
 dangers, 
 
 ADVE'NTUROUSLY, Adv. [from ad- 
 ■venturous, and ly] in a hazardous, daring, and 
 bold manner. 
 
 ADVE'NTURESOME,Adj.[from citw- 
 ture, and fome, of lum, Sax. Thefe words were 
 formerly wrote like the Saxon, from whence 
 tht;y derive their termination, as tei'fum] in a 
 manner fubjeft to hazard. 
 
 A'DVERB, S. [adverbiun:,^^ Stom adxo, 
 and vcrhum a verb] in Grammar, a word joined 
 to a verb, adjeftive, or participle, to fhew 
 their manner, degree, or quantity. Thus, he 
 runs fwftly ; the word Jtoftly is an adverb 
 joined to the verb runs, to Ihow the manner 
 in which the aftion of running is performed ; 
 and as this term is moft commonly joined with 
 verbs, it derivesits name from thence, 
 
 ADVE'RBIAL, Adj. [ad-verbialis] that 
 which is uicd in the fenfe of an adverb. 
 
 ADVER-
 
 A D V 
 
 ADVE'RBIALLY, Adv. illce, or in the 
 
 manner of, an acverb. 
 
 AI)VERSA'R.IA, S. [Lat.] a common- 
 place book. 
 
 A'D VERSARY, S. [aJveifaln, Fr. adver- 
 yiiriui, L^t.] one who fcis himielf in oppofition 
 to another. An enemy, or one who feeks to 
 do another an injury f 
 
 ADVE'RSATIVE, Adj. {adverfaiivas, 
 Lat.] in Grammar, a word which implies op- 
 pofition, or contraft ; as in this Tentence, 
 " This diamond is orienial, />ut it is rough." 
 But is zn adi^erj:itii!e conjuniftion. 
 
 A'D VERSE, Adj. ladi'erfus, Lat. in profe 
 It is now accentedon the firft lyliable 5 in verfe, 
 OB the firft by Shakefpeare and Rofcommon ; 
 on the laft by Dryden ; and on either, indiffe- 
 rently, by Milton J contrary. " Tvvice by ad 
 
 i;erfc winds from Engl.ind's bank Drove 
 
 back." Sbakefp. Ilsnry VL A£^ing in oppo- 
 Cte direftions. Figuratively, contiary to the 
 wifli or defjre. Applied to condition, unfuc 
 cefsfiilj calamitous, in oppofition to profper- 
 ous. 
 
 ADVE'RSITY, S. [ad'verfuai, Lat.] a ftate 
 which is oppofite to our wiihes, and the caufe 
 of forrow. 
 
 A'DVERSELY, or A'DVERSLY, Adj. 
 in an adverl'e, or unhappy manner 5 difagree- 
 ably. 
 
 To ADVF'RT, V. N. ladwno, Lat. oi ad 
 to, and •veno to surnj to take notice of; to re- 
 gard, oHferve, or attend to: with the particle 
 to before the obje<ft. " Not capable at once to 
 advert to more than rns thing." Rayon Great. 
 _ ADVE'RTENCLjS [from ad'vert} atten- 
 tion to; -reeard ro; rondderstion of. 
 _ ADVE'RTENCY.S [Uomad-vert] atten- 
 tion; repatfi ; coiifideration ; hredfulnefs. 
 
 To ADVERTJ'SE, V A. [c.dr:ert!r,0\i 
 Fr. now accented on the )aft, but by Shake- 
 fpeare on the fecond fyllablej to dccrmine a 
 thing in fufpence. To give a perfon notice or 
 information. To publi/li j thing loft, found, 
 or wanted in thenews-papers, or by h,>nd bills, 
 ■with a df Icription of its peculiarities ; now 
 praflifed inftesd of crying it. 
 _ ADVE'RTISEMENT,S. [accented fome- 
 tinies on the third fyllilile, from advert ■fement, 
 Fr.] admonition ; inftruftion ; advice. Pub- 
 lication, a notice of a thing in a news- paper; 
 or an article, containing the defcripticn of a 
 thing loft, fcff. and a reward for bringing it to 
 a piacs named. 
 
 ADVERTI'SER. S. [from aduertifewA 
 er\ he that brines, or eives intelligence, or 
 information. The paper which contains ad- 
 veitifcments. 
 
 ADVERTI'SING, Part, aaivc in giving 
 intelligence, advice, or admonition. 
 
 ADVJ'CE, S. [advis or a-vh, Fr,] opinion 
 or counlel ; inftrudtion; the refult of judi- 
 cious reflection ; prudence, or difcretion. Fol- 
 lowed by the particle ivith, confultation, or 
 deliberation. Ufcd with the word reaeh-t 
 
 A D U 
 
 or kave, information, news, or intelJigence. 
 
 Alivj/CE^QAT, S. [compound word] a 
 veffel ufed by the ftate to bring or carry intel- 
 ligence. 
 
 ADVl'SEABLE, Adj. [from aJwfe and 
 alal. Sax.] that which may, or is fit to be 
 advifed ; prudent. 
 
 ADVI'SEABLENESS, S. the quality 
 which renders a thing proper to be advifed: 
 firnel's, propriety. 
 
 To ADVI/SE, V, A. [^tj/cr, Fr.] to re- 
 commend a thing as ufeful. To give a perfon 
 an idea or hint of; to remind. To inform, or 
 give intelliiience of an aition tranfaded at 4 
 diftance. 
 
 To ADVI'SE, V. N. ufed with the particle 
 iv'th before the perfon, to confult. *' He ad- 
 ■vijed '-.mth his companions." Jahnjon. To 
 confider ; to examine ; to give one's opinion. 
 
 AD VI'SED, Part, [from «ir,/^] deliberate; 
 guided by prudence after a due examination of 
 the nature and confequences. Done on pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 ADVrSEDLY, Adv. in a deliberate man- 
 ner ; with due confideration ; prudently. With 
 any peculiar defign ; on purpofe. 
 
 ADVI/SEDNESS, S. a ftate wherein a , 
 perfon h»s taken the advice and counfel of 
 olhe-s; d'-liber.Ttion ; caution. 
 
 ADVl'SEMENT, S. [avifemer.t, Fr.J ad- 
 vice, or counftl. Prurience and circumfpection, 
 ADVi'SER, S. [from ed-vije and er] he 
 that gives advice or counfel; an advifer, or 
 counfellor. 
 
 ADULA'TION, S. \adulatio, Lat.] the 
 a£l of brftowing more praife on a perfon than 
 his due : including in it too high a commenda- 
 tion of his virtues and excellencies, and an en- 
 tire negleG of his defeffs. '■ With titles blown 
 from adulation," Skakej'p. Hen. V. 
 
 ADU'LA'TOR, S. [from adulor, Lat. to 
 flatter] a fiatterer ; one who p^ys a higher 
 compiment to anoiher than he deferves. 
 
 ADULA'TORY, Adj. {adu'atorius, Lat.] 
 in a fl.itKring or complimt;n;al manner. 
 
 ADU'LT, Part, [of adi^ltus, Part, of ado~ 
 kjco, to gtow ftrong, GfcJ grown up; arrive^ 
 to the a^e of difcretion. 
 
 ADU'LT, S. [fee ADU'LT, Part.] one 
 who is arrived at the intermediate age between 
 inf.Tncv and manhood. 
 
 ADU'LTER ANT, Part, [aduherar.s, Lat. J 
 the perfon who is guilty of adultery; or thing 
 which de^afes bv admixture. 
 
 To ADU'LTERATE, V, A. {ad-uh{iverj 
 Fr. adu'teio, Lat.] to violate the bed of a 
 married perfon by unlawful knowledge. To 
 corrupt or debafe by fome foreign mixture, 
 " To adulterate them with folt-petre." Boyle. 
 To fpoil, by incorporating foreign words, 
 " The prefent war has fo adulterated our 
 tongue." SfjffJator. 
 
 ADU'LTERATED, [fee to ADULTE- 
 R ATEJ flowing from, or owing to the crime 
 of adulietv. i, Ccunteilcit, though refeni- 
 
 bling
 
 A D V 
 
 feTrr.g in appearance, yet inferior in value. 3. 
 Debafed by mixture. 
 
 ADU'LTERATENF.SS, S. tlie quality, or 
 ftate ot hcir)s; ailiilterate, couniertcit. 
 
 ADUL'i'ERA'TlON, S. [ndulieram Lit.] 
 the a£l of cofiupting by a toreiga mixture; 
 or ernlf avouriiig to mak-e things pals for mere 
 thsn thciT intiinfic vjlue, by its relemblance 
 to fomcthing better. A thing which is de- 
 bafcd, cr in a debafed ftate. " Such tranfla- 
 tions are like the adulteration of the noblcft 
 ivines." Filtons ClaJ]'. 
 
 ADU'LTERER, S. [aduher, Lat.] the 
 perfon guilty of lying with his neighbour's 
 *vife. 
 
 ADU'LTERESS, S. a woman guilty of the 
 crime of violating her hufband's bed, by lying 
 witli another nun. 
 
 ADL'/LTERJNE, Adj. [adulterine, Fr. 
 of aduhcrwu!, Lat. J Jn Common Law, a 
 child got in adulttry. 
 
 ADU^LTEROUS, Adj. [from advlter, and 
 the Latin termination ejus, which fignifies a 
 vitious qualilyj giiilty of adultery. Bafe and 
 rckitupted ; idolatrous; the Jews being in 
 Scripture language underftood to be under a 
 contrait with the Deiiy, not unlike that of 
 niatrimony. '• An adultcroui generation leek- 
 cth a fiftn." Mntt. xii. 39. 
 
 ADU'LTERY, S. [^dtihcVium, Lat.] in 
 jts primary fi;jnification, the crime of being 
 falfe to the marriage bed. Figuratively, 
 idolatry. 
 
 To ADU'MBRATE, V, A. [sduwhro, of 
 ad and vndira, Lat. a fhsdow] to fhadow ; 
 to give a fl:ght refemtlance, or faint likeneis, 
 alluding to that of fiiadow^, with ie!'pe£t to tht. 
 bodies by which ihfy are formed. 
 
 ADUMBR A'TION, S. [rrom adumbrate] 
 the &€i of giving a flight rei;refentation, 01 
 elluflration, " To make fume aditmLretion 
 •«f that we mean." Bac. N'li. Hijl. An im- 
 perfeit refemblance, like that of a (hadow. 
 A faint glimmering, a diftant and confufed 
 likenefs. In KeraLiry, when any figure in a 
 coat is fo obfcured, that notliing but the bare 
 profile, or outline, is vifible. 
 
 ADn'OCATE. S. [adf'.ciius, Lat.] in 
 the general import of the word, one who has 
 the plcjdiog or managere.ent of the caufe ; in 
 a mor«: confined fcnfe the patron of it. One 
 who vindicates, or anfwers objed^iofiS made 
 sgaini^ any tenet, or aiSlion. This term is 
 in Scr'pt\ire, tpplied in both the fiifV fenfes 
 to Chrift. *' We have an ad-vccate with the 
 father." i John, ii. i. Ufed with the pjr- 
 t'cleyijr, befi)ie the perfon or thir.g, for which 
 the pica is ufd. " j^Id-vccatcs fcr folly." 
 Pefe, I.crd /idvccatc, one of the officers of 
 ftate in Scotland, who gives his advice in all 
 cafes about makin- or executing lawF, defends 
 tiie king's rights in all public meetinus, pro- 
 fccufes all capital crimes before the jud.ciary ; 
 concurs in all purfuitf, wherein the king has 
 ifitereAj aj:;d is at liberty 10 pkasi Ail caufe*j 
 
 ^ D I 
 
 unlefs wTien jrfling as an ordinary lord of fef- 
 I'lons, in vs'h;ch cafe he can plead only the 
 king's, 
 
 ADVOCA'TION, S, ffrom advocate'] 
 the ofSce of an advocate. " JAy ad'z>«(:a(faa 
 is not now in tune." O't'cf' 
 
 ADVOUTRY, S. [a-joiitr!e, Fr.J aduU 
 tery. 
 
 ADVOWE', S. [adTCKc', or a-joue', Fr. 
 from avoue'r, Fr. to confefsj he that has the 
 right of advowfon. 
 
 ADVCWSON, or ADVO'WSEN, S. a 
 right to prefent to a benefice, in the Common 
 Law, becaufe thofe who had obtained the right 
 of prefenting to a living, were generally great 
 benefaftors to it. Cowell. 
 
 To ADU'RE, V. N. \aduro, Lat.] to 
 confume by fire, to burn up. " Such a degree 
 of hejt, which doth mellov/ and not adure.^ 
 Bac. Njt. HiJ}. 
 
 ADU'ST, Part, [adujiui, Lat. from aduro] 
 burnt up, ftorched, and thereby rendered 
 brittle. " Such a heat as will not render the 
 body ad:Jl, or fragile." Bac. Able to burn, 
 fcorching hot. In Medicine and Philofophy, 
 thofe humours and that habit of body which 
 arife from a fermentation of choler and bile» 
 and betokens warmth of temper, choleric. 
 
 ADU'STED, Part, [from adufi] burnt, or 
 fet on fire. Warm, v/ith refpedt to the hu- 
 mours of the body, or temper. 
 
 ADU'STABLE, Adj. [from aduj}] that 
 which may be burnt or fcorched up. 
 
 APU'5TI0N, S. [from aduji] the afl of 
 burning up, or drying. Applied to the blood, 
 is the evaporating its mofl fubtile particles by 
 heat, and leaving the grofTer, as half-parched. 
 In Phyfic, an inflammation ab< ut the brain 
 and its membranes, attended with a hoUow- 
 nffs in the eyes, a pale colour, and a drynefs 
 of the body. 
 
 JE,, a diphthong, wherein the found of the 
 A is very obfcure, ufed by the Romans and 
 Saxons, butfeems now quite out of ufc among 
 modern writers, being changed for the fimple 
 e, as in equator, cquinoBial, and even in 
 Eneas. 
 
 MAfQA, S. [from Macus] a folenan 
 ft- O, celebrated at ./Egina, in honour of 
 .^acus, their king; who, on account of his 
 impartial diftribution of juftice to his fub- 
 jevits, is fuppofed, by the ancients, to be 
 conftituted one of the judges in the world of 
 fpirits. 
 
 .i^'DES, S. [Lat.] in Rrmsn antiquity, a 
 chapel diftinguifhed from a temple, on account 
 of its not being confecrated. 
 
 ^'DILE, S. [of ades, Lat. a temple] 
 a Roman magifliate, deriving their name 
 from their being furveyors of the buildings, 
 both public and private; fuch as baths, 
 aquaedufts, bridges, an^roads ; they infpccled 
 the weights ar.d meafures; took cognizance 
 of diforderly houfes ; revifed all plays be- 
 fore ibtir being exhibited j had the care of 
 
 th£
 
 JET K ■ 
 
 taxed the world] in Chronology, a fixed po'nt 
 of time, from which any computation com- 
 mencrs or begins, 
 
 ^RA^RIUM, S. [Lat. from as copper, 
 wh'ch was the only money in gfe till the 
 48vh vear of RoBiej the pui'lic treafury o£ 
 tnt Roman ftate, like our bank, or exchequer; 
 it w £ erefted unoer -lugaf^us, and maintained- 
 by yearly voluntary coninbutions,.and guarded 
 by three of the emperor's life guards, ftiled 
 ■preefeEti israrVi, 
 
 AE'RIAL, Adj. {ac'rlus, Lat.] conliftins 
 of air. Produced by the air. Inhabiting 
 the air. Placed in the air; lofty; high. 
 
 AE'RIAL PERSPECTIVE, the art of 
 giving a proper diminution to the fhades and 
 buckler of Jupuer, or Pallas. It denves its ! light of colours, and fize of o.jeils, in pro- 
 name from Jupiter's covering his fhield with | portion to the fuppol'ed diftance of the objeft 
 the fliln of 'he goat Amalthea, which he is j from the eye. 
 
 reported to hve fucked. This buckler he alter- i AE'RIANS, S. [tenant from y4<fr.-«s] a re- 
 wards gave to Minerva, whofe Ihield is called' ligious fed in the fourth century, who derived 
 by this name. [their name from Aerlus their founder. 
 
 ^'GLOGUE, S. [from aij/of, Or. agoaf,j A'ERJE, S. [aine, Fr.] a neft approp/I- 
 and Xcyo;, Gr. a difcourfe] a fpecies of pneiry, [ ated to hawks, and other birds of prey, 
 wherein ruftics are introduced as the adVors, j AERO'LOGY, S. [aap, Gr. air, and 
 
 ^ R A 
 
 the afts of the fenate, and the examination of 
 all books, which were intended for publi- 
 cation. 
 
 yi^'GILOPS, S. f«i>iXfti4-, Gr.] in Me- 
 dicine, a tumour or ukcr in the great angle or 
 corner of the eye, either with, or' without an 
 jnfl:^mm.itioR. 
 
 ^/GIPAN, S. [from aiyos, Gr. a goat, 
 and Pan] a term applied to Pan and other 
 faryrs, who are fuppofed not to have a hu- 
 man face, like the fylvans, but that of a 
 goat; the upper part of their body refem 
 blina that animal, and the lower painted with 
 a fifh's tail. 
 
 JE'GIS, S. [from ctiyof, Gr. a goat] in 
 Mythology, the name given to the Ihield or 
 
 In its primary fignification, it fignified a dia- 
 logue in verfe, between goaiherds, from Theo- 
 critus, the author of this fpecies of poetry,- 
 having introduced thofe charafters therein; 
 but now it j^oes by the denomination of a paf- 
 toral, or poera wherein the peifons are (hep- 
 herds : from the Lat. paflor, a fhepherd. 
 
 iENPGMA, S. [antyiji.ci., from a(Voj, Gr. 
 an obfcure fpeech j a propofition put in obfr ure, 
 
 Xcj/©-, Gr. a diitourfe] a nfcourfe on the 
 natuit; an ' properties ot the air. 
 
 A'EROMANCy, S. [frdm «^», Gr. air, 
 and jWciVTSW, divination] the art of divining or 
 foietel'ing hy the air. 
 
 A'LROMETRV, S. fa«j, Gr. and 
 fxiT^iCii, Gr. to meal'ure] the art of meafuring 
 the air, comprehending the laws of motion, 
 gravitation, preflion, eiaiicity, rarefaftion. 
 
 and often contradictory terms, in oiocr to . condenfation, £f(r. See Pneumatics. 
 exercife 'he fag.i>y of a penon ; oranob-j AERO'SCOPY, S. \art^, Gr. air, and 
 fcure dcfcription of a thinj:, delivered in fuch ' «-xo7r£^, to look into] the oblervation of the 
 terms, as render the explication diflicult, and '. air. 
 
 the meaning not intelligible at firft fight. 
 
 JE^OLIJS, S. [trom ^V-'w, in Mythology, 
 the god of wind] th'j name of a ventilator, or 
 inachine ufed to extract foul air out of rooms, 
 called Tiod's .^^o'us, from the inventor. 
 
 yE'OLlPlLE, S, [Aio'oj 7ru\ru, /Eolus's 
 gates, from AioXoj, yEolus, the god of winds, 
 and irv'Kai, gjtes] an hydraulic inftrument, 
 confifting of a hollow copper ball, with a 
 flender neck and pipe, having a fmall ori- 
 fi<e i which being filled with water, and very 
 much heated by fire, will afford a vapour, 
 which ifTues out with a prodigious violence 
 and noife. The ftronger the fire, the more 
 
 /ERU'G INDUS, Adj. [from aru^o,Lat.] 
 refcmbling or belonging lo the ruft of copper. 
 Applied to colour, it is by foms defcribed as 
 a green, and by others as a brown. 
 
 ^RU'GOS, S. [Lat.] ruft, particularly 
 that ofcopp r; veroigreafe. 
 
 .^SU'STUM, [Lat. burnt or ca!cineJ 
 copp r] in Cherriftry, made of thin plaes of 
 copper pur into a crucible, with alternate 
 layers of fulphur and fait, and continued oa 
 a hot charcoal fire, till the fulphur is con- 
 fumed. 
 
 /ESCHYNO''MENOUS,Pait,[««-;(^-jvoy.£. 
 V®', afhamed ; this plant fhrinking as if 
 
 violent will be the force of the neam, till the i afteded with that pafiion at the approach] 
 water is entirely evaporated. It is filled by in Botany, applied to thofe plants called Sea^ 
 heating it red hot, and holding the pipe under fitive. 
 
 water, which will afcend by the preffure of 
 the atmol'phere. 
 
 /E'KA, S. [Lat. of uncertain etymology. 
 Sepulveda fuppofes it to be coinpofed of the ab- 
 breviature, A. ER. A. annus aiat Augufti : 
 pccafinned by the Spaniards beginnini; their 
 computation from the time they were fubjeft 
 to Auguftus. Voflius is of the fime opinion. 
 IfiJore derives it from ara, the plural of <fi, 
 fft the uibtJte money with which Auguftys 
 
 i^'STUARY, S. [aparium, Lit.] ia 
 Geography, an arm of the ca, running a 
 good way into the land. In Pharmacy, a 
 vnpour bath. 
 
 y^'THER , S.[a(5Da,Gr from a;8£(y,to burn 
 ot* flame, Anaxigoras fuppofing it to be of (he 
 nature of firtj in Phyfics, a thin fubtile mat- 
 ter, finer and rarer than air, commencing from 
 the limits of our atmolphere, and expanded 
 through all the regions of fpace. 
 
 ^THE'^
 
 AFE 
 
 ' /ETHE'RIAL, Adj. [atlenus, Lat.] 
 fi>!i:ething which belongs to, or partakes of 
 the nature of aeiher. JEti.eri/:l fpace, or re- 
 gion, is that (pace in the heavens, where the 
 pure unmixed athcr is fuppoTed to be fouoc: ; 
 and figuralivtly, is ufed for heivcnly- JEihi- 
 rialoW, inChemiftry, named likewife eflen- 
 tjai, is a fine, fiibtile, eflential oil, approach 
 ing nearly to the nature of a fpirit. The 
 pure liquor, which rifes next after the fpirit, 
 in diftiiiing turpentine, is termed the atber'ial 
 oil o\ turpentine. 
 
 ^THIO'PS MINERAL, [compound 
 word; it derives its name from its colour, 
 vhich is black, and fuppofed to refemhle the 
 complexion of the i^thiopiansj in Pharma- 
 cy, a preparation of equal quantities of quick- 
 filver and flour of brimftone, ground in a ftone 
 or iron mortar, till they become black, and 
 no particles of quickfilver remain vifible, It 
 is preferibed as an ointment in the itch, and 
 other cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 ^.TIO'LOGY, S. faHioXo)-.*, Gr. from 
 ojTja, Gr. a caufe, and Xcfof, Gr, a dif- 
 courfe] in Medicine, a difcourl'e explaining 
 the caufes of a difeafe. 
 
 /E'TNA, S. [from ai9», of aiSsiv, Gr. to 
 burn, Heb. a furnace] a burning mouniain, 
 thehigheft of any in Sicily. The inhabitants 
 call it Monte Gibello, or by contraftion, Mon 
 G'thello, i. e. the mount of mounts ; for the 
 Saracens, when mafters of Sicily, called it 
 Cihel ; pronounced by the Germans G^kel, or 
 C'fjel, thefummitofa hill; fothat the name 
 Monte, Italian for a mount, feems, when 
 joined to the Saracen, to deno'e bo'h the great 
 impreflion its ravage? made on their mmds, 
 and likewife to Hiew, that, in making a com- 
 pound of two words in different languages, 
 which im['ly the fame thing, they were not 
 ▼ery nice in their obfervatlon of analogy. Its 
 afcent from Catanea is 50,000 paces, but on 
 the fide next Randazzo, only 20,000; its cir- 
 cumference, at the bottom, is about 100,000 ; 
 it is of a circular form, and terminates in a 
 peak, refembling a fugar loaf. The bottom 
 is pl.inted with corn and fugar-canes, the 
 middle with woods, olive-trees, and vines, 
 and the top is covered with fnow all the year. 
 The prodigious quantity of burning matter 
 ejeftcd, and the earthquakes attending its 
 eruptions, have occafioned terrible devaftaiions 
 and calamities. During thst eruption of 1693, 
 fifteen or f xteen towns, eighteen cftates, with 
 men and cattle, befides villages, and 93,000 
 fouls, were deftroyed. 
 
 AFA'R, Adv. [of <j expletive, and far of 
 /for, or fei>'ran, SixJ\ at a dift.vnce. Figu- 
 ratively, foreign or ftrange. Diftant, in op- 
 puficion te intimate friendftiip. 
 
 AFE'ARED, Part, [from/wr] to be ftruck 
 with apprehenfions at the ptofpeft of fome 
 approaching evil, or fome mifchievous or ca- 
 • Tii'ous obje£l; to be frighted; or afraid. 
 I Hal, -Kit thou not horribly aftar'd?'" 
 
 A FF 
 
 Slakefp. Her. IV. This word ts nowobfoletff, 
 Sedley being perhaps the laft author in which 
 it occurs. JoLnJcn. 
 
 AFFABI'LITY, S. [affabiUte', Fr. affa- 
 iilitat, Lat.] a quality which renders a peifon 
 ealy to be fpoke to; including modefty, good- 
 nature and condefcenfion j generally applieil 
 to hiper.orc. 
 
 A^f FABLE, verbal Adj. [afaile, Fr. «/- 
 fjhi/is, Lat.] eafily to be fpoken to, on ac- 
 cour.t of complaifance, good-nature, and con- 
 delcenfion. 
 
 AVFABLENESS, S. courteoufnefs; ci- 
 vil and complaifant behaviour. See AFFA- 
 BILITY. Adv. in an affable, courteous, and 
 compLifant manner. 
 
 AFFA'iR, S. [affaire, Fr.] fomething 
 done, or to be done. Employment. The con- 
 cerns and tranfa£tions or a nation. Circum- 
 fiances or the condition of a perfon. Bufinefs.In 
 a ludicrous fenfe, joined with/i/r/c, an intrigue* 
 " He had a little affair with mifs Fiftier." 
 
 To AFFE'CT, V. A. [aff^Her, Fr. of 
 affeflum, fupine of affcio, Lat. J to produce an 
 eft'ed, to caufe, ufed with the particle loitb, 
 Toaftupon. To influence. To excite, ftir up, 
 or work upon the paflions. To aim at, to en- 
 deavour after, applied to perfons. To have a 
 tendency; to affume; k) tend to. To be fond 
 of, or long for. To affume a charafter not 
 real, or natural -. and to fupport it in an auk- 
 ward manner. 
 
 AFFECTA'TION, S. [affeHatlo, Lat.] an 
 artful, or hypocritical afTuming of a charafter, 
 or appearance, which is not our own, and to 
 which we have no claim, 
 
 AFFE'CTED, Part. [affeSu!, fee AF- 
 FECTJ having the affeftions excited. To be 
 peculiaily fond of, Difpofed, with the word 
 ill. " No marvel then if he we-^e ill affeSedS'' 
 Peifondted, or appeiring unnatural. *' Thefe 
 antic, iifping, and affcEied phantafies." Rom. 
 and Juliet. 
 
 AFFE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a manner which 
 has more of appearance than reality. 
 
 AFFE'CTEDNESS, S. the quality of af- 
 fumingan unnatural or falle appearance. Dif- 
 tinguifhed from hypocrify by its objeft, that 
 being religion, and this politenefs, grandeur, 
 learning, &€. 
 
 AFFt'CTlON, S. [affeaion, Fft affenlo, 
 Lat.] ftte of being affe£led, or wrought upon 
 by any caufe. Paflions in general. Love, 
 fondnefs, regard, or good-will. Zeal ; a de- 
 fire of obtaining. " Set your eff(£Iions on 
 things above." Col. iii. 2. In Logic, an at- 
 tribute peculiar to fome fubjefV, and arifing 
 from the very idea or effence of it ; ftiled by 
 the fth ol men, /To^ritr; quarto modo. Affec- 
 tions of the body, in Phyfics, are cctain mo- 
 difications, occafioned by motion. InMedicine, 
 it implies a morbid, or preternatural flate of 
 the boJy, or fome of its parts. " An hypo- 
 chondria' al affefiion.'' Ct^amh. 
 , AFF'tCTiONATE, Adj. [affcahni, Fr.J 
 
 zealous.
 
 A F F 
 
 zealous, or a ftrong and longing defire ; warm. 
 Strongly inclined, or difpofed to. Fond, ter.der, 
 with all the glowings of paternal love. 
 
 AFFE'C710NATELY.A<ij.inanaffeaio- 
 
 nate, fond, endearing, and benevolent manner. 
 
 AFFE'C TIONATENESS, S. the equality 
 
 or ftate of exercifing the I'ociai, bcnevoknt, 
 
 kind, and endearing pafHons. 
 
 AFFE'CTIONED, Adj. fullof afteaation, 
 conceited, affedled. " An aj/>if?(cntft/afs that 
 cons (late withaut book." ^bw^efp Twelfth 
 Night. Exercifing the paffionj in a general 
 fenl'e, " Be kindly afftEihmdo^t lo another." 
 Rom. xii. lo. 
 
 AFFECTIVE, Adj. [from affeal that 
 •which afts upon, or excites a difagreeaMe or 
 painful fenfation. " Ungrateful or affdTt-ve 
 fentiments." Rogers. 
 
 AFFE'RORS, or AFFEE'RORS, [affi- 
 rour, Fr.] in Law, perfons appointed to t^x, 
 aiFefs, and confirm fuch fines as are fet in 
 inferior courts ; in court htts, to fettle the 
 fines of thofe that are guilty of fault?, which 
 have no exprefs penalty affigned by the ftstute ; 
 in courts baron, to moderate amerciaments 
 they are to affirm on oath what penalty they 
 think ought to be infli£ted upon offenders. 
 25 Edw. III. c. 7. 9 H. III. c. 14. 
 
 AFFi'ANCE, S. [affiance, Fr. from after] 
 to confirm one's own by plighting of faith ; 
 betrothing. Figuratively, truft or confider.cp, 
 the efTeft of the mutual vows perfons make 
 each other. '* Ah! what's more dangerous 
 than this fond affiance.'' Sbakejp. Hen, VI. a 
 firm truft, and unfhaken reliance. 
 
 To AFFl'ANCE, V, A. [affiar.cer, Fr.] to 
 bind one's felf to marry. Figuratively, con- 
 fident, or fecure. 
 
 AFFIDA'TO DOMINORUM, [Lat. the 
 oath of the lords] in Law, an oath taken by 
 the lords in parliament. 
 
 AFFIDA'VIT, S. [Lat. he hath made 
 oath] an oath in writing, fworn before an 
 authorifed perfon ; which contains the lime, 
 refidence, and addition o£ the perfon who 
 makes it. 
 
 AFFKED, Part, [from affier, Fr. or affido, 
 Lat.] joined by contraft, affianced ; betrotbed. 
 " Eaweaffied." Shakcfp. 
 
 AFFlLlA'TiON, S. [from <j<f to, and/- 
 I'lus, Lat. a fonj adoption, or the making 
 a fen. 
 
 AFFI'NED, Part, [affinis, Lat.] joined by 
 affinity, or marriage to another j related to. 
 •' If partially affined." Shakeff. Othello. 
 
 AFFI'NITY, S. [affinite, Fr. from affinh, 
 Lat.] relation by marriage : in oppofition to 
 thaS which is by blood. Connexion; refem- 
 blance to, applied to things. 
 
 To AFFI'RM, V. N. [affirmo, Lat.] to 
 confirm a thing as truth ; to declare ; to alTert ; 
 t» tell confidently. 
 
 AFFI'RM ABLE, Adj. [from affirm and 
 ahal, Sax.J that wbich may be afJiimcd, or 
 afferteB. 
 
 AFF 
 
 AFFI'RMANCE, S. [in Law] confirma- 
 tion ; oppofed to repeal. 
 
 AFFI'RMANT, S. [affirmam, Lat.] the 
 perfon who affirms, or makes a pofitive decla- 
 ration. 
 
 AFFIRMATION, S. [affirmath, Lat.] 
 the aft of rtrengthening or fupporting any 
 opinion; confirmation. AfTertion ; or tena- 
 cioufnefs of any thing or pofition atrtrted. 
 Confirmation, in oppofition to repeal. la 
 Grammar, what is otherwife called a verb, 
 becaufe it exprelTes what we afKrm or aiTert of 
 any fubjeft. Thus "'P\ttendear:th.''\ Endear- 
 etb is an aff.rmation, becaufe it alFerts, or afHimj 
 the quality oi endearing to be in Pitt. In a le- 
 gal fenfe, the method silowed by law to the 
 Qn^aker! as a pledge of their truth in judicial 
 courts, inrtea..J of an oath, which they hold 
 to be inconfiftunt with Chrift's command j 
 " S-'Vear not at all." If they make a falf« 
 affirmation, they are fubjedt to the penaltieB 
 of perjury ; but this is only with regard to 
 oaths of allegiance, and on public occafiona j 
 for in criminal cafes their affirmation is noC 
 taken in evidence. 
 
 AFFI'RMATIVE, Adj. [rrom^,^^^] that 
 which pofiiively affirms or alTerts a thinj. 
 Applied to perfons, pofuive ; obftinate in 
 opinion; dogmatical; or one that v/oull 
 affirm any thing. Affirmative, in Algebra, 
 applied to quantities, are thofe which exprefs 
 a real magnitude, in oppofition to thofe which 
 are negative, or lefs than nothing. Affirmative 
 fign, in Algebra, is that which fhews that the 
 quantity it is prefixed to, is affirmative, and 
 is marked thus -\-. 
 
 . AFFl'RMATIVELY, Adv. in an affir- 
 mative or pofuive manner, in oppofition to 
 negative. "Concluding not only affirmatively, 
 but negati'uely.''' Brown, 
 
 AFF'IRMER, S. that perfon who aiTerts 
 a thing to be tiue; he that affirms; he who 
 takes the affirmative fide of a queftion in a 
 difpute. 
 
 To AFFI'X, V. A. [affixum, fupinc of a/- 
 jjgo, Lat.J to be fixed or united to. " Deter- 
 mined ideas, with names affixed to them.'* 
 Locke. To connefl with, to fubjoia, to 
 eftablifti. 
 
 AFFIX, S. [affixum, Lat.] in Grammar, 
 fome letter or fenience joined to a word. " Ira 
 the Hebrew language the noun has its affix." 
 C'arie. 
 
 AFFI'XION, S. [from affix] the art of 
 affixing, or ftdteof a noun that has an affiic. 
 
 AFFLATUS, S. [Lat.] divine infpiration. 
 In phyfic, a vapour, or biaft, which is preju- 
 dicial to the he.ilth. 
 
 To AFFLICT, V. A. [affiiHuw, fuplne 
 of affligo, Lat.] to ufe with fuch barbarity as 
 may occafion a deep forrow. To mortify, or 
 praftife all the duties of fincere repentance. 
 To punifh. To be in adverfity, or involved in 
 
 I temporal unhappinefs, 
 AFfLl'CTION, S. [affliaie, Lat.] that 
 4 which
 
 A FF 
 
 which canfes a fenfation of pin ; a very dlf- 
 agreca'le c'rcumftance ; calamity. " All af- 
 " Jhiicn if nanirallv grievous." Hooker. 
 
 AFFLKCTIVE A.ij. [( ^ om offlia] that- 
 vhich occafori', torment, mifs>y, or a fenfi- 
 tion of pain on aicoufU of its d.fd|:reeablenefs j 
 that w-h ch roncerns ; forrovv. 
 
 A'FFLUENCE, S. [affluence, Fr. n^uenda. 
 Lit. from ad, to, 3nA Jiuo, to flow] in its pri- 
 mary fenfe, the fl wing to any place; re'ort, 
 or concourfe. It is al Ti.ft always ufed figura- 
 tively. AbiinHance of wealth ; plenty. 
 
 A'FFLUENT, Part, [affluent, Fr. affluem, 
 Lat.] in its primary fenU-, flowing to any part. 
 " The affluent blooJ." Harvey In its fccon- 
 dary, almndsnt in wealth ; plentiful; exube- 
 lant ; wealthy. " Loaded and bleft wi'.h all 
 the affl:.ent ftore." Prior. 
 
 A'FFLLTENTNESS, S. the quality of being 
 wealthy, or abounding with all theconvenicn- 
 cies of life. 
 
 A'FFLUX, S. [affluxus, Lat.] the a£t of 
 flowing, or thing which flows. " It muft be 
 by new affluxes to London." Graunt. 
 
 To AFFO'RD, V. A. [from ferdsrn, or 
 fcrdern, Teut. or vorderen, Belg. to promote, 
 or afllftj to yield or produce. " The i'oil af- 
 fortii grain." To fupply, caufe, or grant. 
 To be able to fe!', without lofing. 
 
 To AFFO'REST, V. A. [afforeftare, bw 
 Lat.] to turn ground into a foreft. " He af- 
 forefled many woods and waftes." Dai'te. 
 
 To AFFRANCHl'SE, V. A. [offrancber, 
 Fr.] to make free. 
 
 AFFRA'ID, Part, [hnm affrayer, Fr] to 
 be timorous; to be aftefted with fear, either 
 by a prefent obje£l which may endanger our 
 fafety, or by the ptofpett of a diftant, or future 
 evil. It is generally fpelt with a finglc^, but 
 this is more confiftent with analogy. 
 
 To AFFRA'Y, V. A. [effayer, Fr. 
 from a fro d cold, or chilly, the blood of 
 people thus afi'edted being fuppoled to be 
 chilled] to ftrike with terror or fear; to 
 fright. 
 
 AFFR.Vy,or AFFRA'YMENT, S. [fee 
 To AFFRAY] in Law, formerly an aft'right 
 caufed to one or more, by perfons appearing in 
 tinufual armour, 2 Ed. lU, c. 3. At prefent, 
 a fkirmi(h or fighting, wherein fome blow is 
 given, or fome weapoii<Jrown. It diflVrs from 
 an alfault, as this is a public, but that a per- 
 fonal wrong. 
 
 AFFRFI'GHTMENT, S. [from fret, 
 Fr.] in Law, the freight of a fhip. See 
 FREIGHT. 
 
 AFFRi'CTION, S. [affriah, Lat, from 
 td, to, and frico, to rnbj the ■a& of rubbing 
 two bodies together, or one thing on another 
 Fri£iion is the word now in ufe. 
 
 To AFFRI'GHT. V. A. [from a exple- 
 tive, 3nd freight of frlhlar, Sax. to fear] to 
 aftcdl with fear, including in it the idea of 
 fomething dangerous and mifchievou?, fomt- 
 ihing that can deprive us of pleafure, or iffcQ. 
 
 A F 9 
 
 UJ with pain ; and that the Imprfffion of 
 this paffion is fudden. To intimidair, dif- 
 heartcn, and be depiived of every fpaik «f 
 courage. 
 
 AFFRIGHT, S. terror, fear, denoting a 
 fu.iden imprcffion, in oppofUion to fear, which 
 imolies a long continuance. " In fear and fad 
 "ff'tg^'t" Fairy ^ The obje£l which ex- 
 cittrs, or caufes the paflion of fear. 
 
 AF FRl'GHTFUL, Adv. abounding in fuch 
 qu.ilides as may caufe fear. 
 
 to AFFRO'Nr, V. A. [the is pro- 
 nounce-d like an u fhort, as aflrunt, from af- 
 fronter, Fr. of ad to, and frontem, Lat. th« 
 forehe^id or face] In its primary fignification, 
 to meet face to face, to confront. Figurative- 
 ly, to injure a perfon before his face, including 
 in it the fecondary ideas of contempt, difdain, 
 and entire negleft of decorum, 
 
 AFFRO'NT, S. [affrcni, Fr. affronto, Ital. 
 fee the verb] an infult, or injury offered to 
 'he !ace; including the ideas of contempt and 
 ludenefs. Indecent beh.iviour, outrage. 
 
 AFFRONTER, S. the perfon who ofFers 
 the affront. 
 
 AFFRO'NTIKG, Aa.Part,[from affront'\ 
 l\w wh ch ocraflons or caufes an affront. 
 
 AFF'RONTIVE, Adj. [from a//c7:rj that 
 which m v g've offence. 
 
 AFFRO'NTIVENESS, S. a quality of 
 giving, or ofifing aflfronts. 
 
 AFFU'SION, S. [affufis, Lat.] the aft of 
 pouring one thing upon another. 
 
 AFIE'LD, Adv. [from a to, z.M f.dd, of 
 fe'-d. Sax. and Teut, or ftu'.d, Hung.J to the 
 field. 
 
 AFLOA'T, Adv. [from a T^w^fnt, from 
 fr.i'.er, Fr. to fwim on the furface of the wa- 
 ter] borne up by the wa'er; floating, " On 
 fuch a full fea are we now afoat.''' Shakefp, 
 Ji'L Caj. Figuratively, fluduating. 
 
 AFO'OT, Adv. [from « and foj'] walk- 
 ing, in opfolition to riding. " Co -e cfoct 
 thither," Hamlet. Figuratively, in agUalion ; 
 commenced, " When thou feed: thit acl a- 
 foot."'' Idem. 
 
 AF'ORE, Prep, [from a and fore, offorar:, 
 Sax. J S« BEFORE. 
 
 AFO'RE, A. IV. [from a zndfore, Sax. for, 
 Dan. -vor, Belg.] afiplied to timf, that which 
 is paft; prior or antecedent to a thii;g men- 
 tioned. 
 
 AFO'REGO'ING, Part, [compounded of 
 afcre an(] gcirtg] tha. which precedes any thing 
 in order, or n otion. 
 
 AFO'RE-NAME^, Part, [compounded of 
 <i/crf and natr.ed] that whch has be<n men- 
 tioned It a tormer part o' a v ork. 
 
 AFO'RE-SAID, P.rt. [trom afore and 
 faid\ th.it which has been (aid or mentioned 
 prior to the time and place in which it is re- 
 ferred tn. 
 
 Al O'RE-TIME, Adv. [fmm afore and 
 time\ in tines part, or ihbfe which have pre- 
 ceded that la which they are reftrring to 
 
 " What-
 
 AFT 
 
 *' Whatfoever was written afore-tme^'' Bern. 
 XV. 4. 
 
 AFRA'ID, Part, [from affrayer, Ft. and 
 fiiould therefore be written with a doubley, 
 as obferved in affra'id] See AFFRAID. 
 
 AFRESH, Adv. [from a and frejh, of 
 ferjcb, Sax. fi'jcb, Belg. whence f}a:s, Fr. 
 flewj a-new j again ; a fecond time. " They 
 crucify the fon of God afrep.''^ Htb. \\. 6. 
 
 AFRO'NT, Adv, {afr'.nt, Fr. to the face] 
 in the front. See AFFRONT. 
 
 A'FRICA, S. [At^-iKfl, Gr. from a, Gr. 
 negative, and •^^iy-i^, Gr. cold J one of the four 
 principal parts of the world j buuiided on the 
 N. by the Mediterranean, and on the E. by the 
 Red Sea, and on the S. and W. by the main 
 ocean. It extends from the 35th degree S. to 
 the 37th N. latitude ; being from N. 10 S. 72. 
 degrees, or about 4320 miles 5 from E. to W. 
 it reaches from 17 W. to 63 E. or 77 degrees 
 of longitude, :'. e, 460 miles. Its fituation 
 for commerce is preferable to either of the 
 other quarters of the world j as it llands in the 
 center, and has a nearer communication with 
 Europe, Afia, and America, than any other 
 quarter with refpefl to the others. It is fur 
 nilhed with the greatcft and moft convenient 
 navigable rivers j is populous beyond credibi- 
 lity; its foil is fruitful, and produces corn 
 in abundance. Gums, ivory, wax, civet, and 
 oftrith feathers are in fuch quantities, that 
 they never can be exhaufted by the har>d of 
 profufion. They have very rich mines of cop- 
 per j and as for gold and filver, there is no 
 country in the world that can produce more. 
 
 A'FTER, Prep. ]Jxorn^aJtei, Sax. af,ir or 
 afaruh, Goth, tbre, Arm. abar, Perf.J it is 
 applied both to time and pl.ce. Applied to 
 time, it denotes that fomething had been done 
 before. Joined with verbs, it ha a reference 
 to time, with fucceeding or following. " On 
 the fecond fabbath flfter the firft." Luke vi. I. 
 Applied to place, behind, or following. 
 •' That he might hear it after Jefus," Luke 
 xxiii. 26. Concerning. *' Thou enquired a/"- 
 /«r my iniquity," Job, x, 6. According to; 
 agreeaiile to, in imitation of. " ylfier the 
 oriental manner.'' Pope. 
 
 A'FTER, Adv. [it is diftingui/hed from the 
 prepofition, becaufe it has a relation to that 
 which goes before it; but not to the fentence 
 which follows it] fucceeding or following in 
 time. "The law which was 430 years fl/i.;/-." 
 CaL iii. 17. Second or foUov/ing in place, in 
 oppofirion to before. " Let him draw thee 
 after. ^'' Shake fp. Lear. 
 
 A'FTER- ACES, S. [from after and ages] 
 ages which are to come, or future. 
 
 A'fTER-ALL, taking evety thing into 
 confideration ; in fine ; notwitnftanding all 
 that has been faid ; at lalh " yifterall, it 
 they have any merit." Pope. 
 
 A'FTER-B1RTH,S. {Uomaferznibhth] 
 5n Midwifry, the coat, membrane, or cafe 
 wkereJH the fcetw, or cbi;*^, is inrloferf iu the 
 
 AFT 
 
 womb, called the fecundine, and derrv'ng* 'iT* 
 name fi>om its coming away after the birth of 
 the child. 
 
 A'FTER-CLAP, S. [from after and da^, 
 of clap, Brit, a ftrokej fome unexpefled inci- 
 dent alter an affair is fuppofed to be ended, 
 " For fear of after-claps.'''' Spencer, It is ufsi 
 in an ill Icnfe, but leems a low exprelTion. 
 
 A'FTER-COST, S, [u'-im after snA cofy] 
 expences which arc incurred after the original 
 bargain or plan is finifned. 
 
 A'FTER-CROP, S. [itomaficmrA crop'] 
 the fecond crop or produce of a grounJ in one 
 year. 
 
 To A-'FTER-EYE, V, A. [from afnrini 
 eye] to purfue with one's eye ; to keeo Jil 
 vie.v. " L»fr to after eye him." bhakffp. 
 
 To A'fTER-GAME, S. [from after and 
 game] an expedient after the original plan of 
 firft attempt has mifcarrjed. — " Stil) there re- 
 mains an after-irame to play." AiUif. Cato. 
 
 A'FTER-HOURS, S.'[feldom ufed in ths 
 fingular, from after and 'e-mn] the hours which 
 fucteed or follow any acfioa. 
 
 A'FTER-NOON, S, [(rom after inincov] 
 that fpace, or interval, which is from twelve it 
 noon to the evefiing. " On dice and drink, 
 and drabs, they fpend the afierr-oon.'" Dr;d. 
 Figuratively, in the decline. *• Even in th<: 
 afternoon of her beft days." Skakefp. R'lcb. lil. 
 
 An- TER. PAINS, S. [never 'ufed in ths 
 fmgular, from after and pains] In Midwifry, 
 thofe pains which are felt in the loins, groin, 
 &c. after delivery, proceeding from a diftenfion 
 of the ligaments of t.he uterus. 
 
 A'FTER- PART, S. [fuim after 3-\i part} 
 the decline or latter part. " In tiie after-pan 
 reafon and forefight begin a littk to take 
 place." Locke. 
 
 A'FTER- PROOF,S. [from fl/r«rand/)r»r/j 
 evidence, following that which has been pro- 
 duced. " Under the expectation of his after- 
 proof. ''^ U'otton. 
 
 A'FTER-TASTE, S. [from after and 
 tajle] that tafie which is perceived by the or- 
 gans of fenfation after, which was not fen- 
 fible during the aft of drinking. 
 
 A'FTE'R-THOUGHT,S. [ from c/w and 
 thought] an expedient formed too la",e ; reflec- 
 tion, or thought arifing after the finilhing of a 
 thing : Repentance. " Expeiice, and after- 
 thought, and idle care." Dryd. 
 
 ATT£R-TIMES,S.[fromfl/}rt-ani/;««. 
 Seldom uled in the fingularj futire agss ; in 
 lime to come. " In after-t'ima fhall not hold 
 the world in awe." Dryd. 
 
 A'FTERWARD, or A'FTER WARDS, 
 Adv. I from (ftir and iccard, Sax. of ivairth, 
 or tvairthi, Goth. J in fucceeding, or future 
 time, referring to famething which preceded, 
 and which it is fuppofed to tollow. " Prepare 
 thy v.'ork, and afterward build thy houle," 
 I'lov. xxiv."27. 
 
 A'FTtR-WIT, S. {(rom after and wif] 
 
 an unfcafonable cxpedieiit, or a contrivance 
 
 S ^ whifth
 
 A G A 
 
 vphich is too late. " Ajttr-iuit comes too j 
 late." VEfirar.ge. 
 
 A'FTER-WRATH, S, [from afttr and 
 'Kraib\ anger, when the provocation feems 
 p^ft. " T'cxcufe their afur-iuratb.^^ 
 
 A'GA, S. [Ardb. krj] a litle ufed among 
 the Mogols and Turks, for a commander. 
 
 AGA'IN, Ariv. [a^ert, Sax. 'gien, Din. of 
 tff, Sax. one more, and are, Sax one, accord- 
 ing to Skinner] a fecon-i time, implying the 
 repetition of the fime aftion. " 1 will not 
 tfffffn curie, nor ag^m im\ie." C««. viii. zi. 
 At the beginning ot a lenience, it imports an 
 addition to what has been laid before. " j^gair. 
 I will be to him a father." lle^>, i. 5. On 
 the other hand, denoting a cotrefponaence or 
 reciprocation of ad^ion. " His fortune worked 
 upon his nature, and his nature again upon his 
 fortune." J-hnj. DiR. Alter fljk, a return of 
 a thing given. " I did never ask ii you again," 
 i>/jakefp. Return by way of recompence ; or 
 reimburfement. " Th.it he hath given, he 
 win pay again." Proi. xix 27. After much, 
 cr words implving dimenlion, a repetition of 
 the fame quantity which preceded, " As large 
 and as deep again as ours." Dryd. " Want as 
 TTUcb again to manage it.'' P'pe. When 
 doubled, it implies frequent repetition. "It 
 Itiuft be repeated again and azoin" 
 
 AG A'JNST, Prep, [agcn, ongean. Sax. ge- 
 gcn, Teut.J ul'ed of perfons in oppofuion, al- 
 luding to the pofition of two armies ready to 
 attack each other. " He that is not with me, 
 is agaifft me." Matth. xx. 30. After fpeak, 
 to be rerrefented in a bad light. " This ki\ 
 is every where I'poken agnirji." Ails xxviii. 
 2a. Applied to motion, contrary direflion ; 
 or that in which one bodv meets with another. 
 "Troutsand falmons fwimi?o'j;>/?the|ftream." 
 Bac. Clofe to, joining, or contiguous, *' The 
 pi(Sure hangs agairji the wall." Immediately 
 preceding ; previous to, or near. " jigainj} 
 that feal'on comes." ^hakefp. 
 
 AGA'LLOCHUM, S. a fpecies of aloes- 
 wood, in the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 AGATE, S. [from aj/c-n, Gr, love] 
 lovs-feafts, exercifed by the primitive Chri- 
 flians; originally cf fuch fervicc, that they 
 caufed the admiration of the Heathens ; but 
 feeing attended with fome incidents which are 
 better guefTed at, than mentioned, the whole 
 was at length difufed, 
 
 AGA'PE, Aiv. [from a and gape, from 
 gape, Ifl. ghpar.. Sax, gaeptn, Bclg. to fet 
 any thine, and particularly the mouth, wide 
 open] a (tupid kind of admiration ; wondering, 
 as expreffed by the ignorant, with open mouths. 
 " The whole croud flood agape." SpeEi, 
 No. 572. 
 
 A'GARIC, S, [agar'icus, Lat ] in Botany, 
 an excrefcence growing in the Hiape of a mufh- 
 room, upon the trunk and great branches of the 
 oak and other trees, but the larch-tree efpe- 
 cially. Mineral Agaric, is a kind of (lone 
 found in the clefts of rocks in Germany. 
 
 AGE 
 
 AGA'ST, Adv. [from a and i-^j/?, a fpec- 
 trt, /, e. terrified as if one had Icen a fpectre 
 or ghoft, according to Skinner : but is it not 
 mote natural to derive it from aya^o^uaj, Gr. 
 to Icok upon with amaze] with all the figns of 
 a perlon who is terrifi d at the fight of feme 
 dreadful objeft. " With ftiudd'ring horror 
 pale, and tyci agaj}," Par, LoJ), 
 
 A'GATE, S. [agate, Fr, agat, Belg. of 
 ax^-r^.', Gr.J a precious ftone of the flmt 
 kind, much harder than jafper, and receives a 
 better poli/h. Its colours are various, and in 
 foine of them, reprefcnt fuch f cures Ai are 
 very furprifing, jigat:, likewife, among the 
 gold wire-drawers, is the inihument they 
 make ufe of in burnifhing, and deiives its 
 name from the agate-ftone, which is in the 
 middle, and forms the moft confiderable part 
 of it. 
 
 A'GATY, Adj, [from agatti pertaking of 
 the natnrs of Agate. 
 
 AGA'VE, S. [Lat.] in Botany, the com- 
 mon American aloe. 
 
 AGA'ZED, Fart, [from agaxe,"] ftruck 
 with a fudden terror ; terrified to ftupidity. 
 '* All the whole army flood agazcJ at him." 
 Sl'akefp. Hen. VI. 
 
 AGE, S. [from age, Tt. atta, Say:, or a. 
 Run. and Dan. always] any limited part of 
 duration, or time, applied both to peifons and 
 ttiin^j'. " His life being feven aga." ^kakefp. 
 The number of years of which a perfon's life 
 conlifts ; the period of his exiftence. " The 
 whole age of Jacob was 147 years." Gen. 
 xlvii. 28. The advanced part of a long lit'ej 
 that ftats of life wherein a perfon has feen a 
 great number of years, in oppofition to youth. 
 The fpace of 100 years. In aftronomy, ap- 
 plied to the moon, it is the number of days 
 elapfed fince the lallconjunftion, or full moon, 
 ililed her quarter. In Chronolo^-y, a certain 
 period of ycarspaiTsd llnce the creation. This 
 by fome is rediic-.-d to three portions, viz. the 
 age of the law of nature, from Adam to Mo- 
 fes ; the age of the Jewifh law, from Mofes 
 to Chrift ; and the age of grace, from thence 
 to the prefent year 1770. Others divide 
 this grand period into fix ages ; the ift, 
 t'rorr. the creation to the deluge, contain; 165G 
 years. 2d, From thence to Abraham's enter-' 
 ing the promifed land, 426 years. 3d, To the 
 deliverance from Egypt, 430. 4th, To the 
 foundation of Solomon's temple, 467. 5ih, 
 To the foundation of the temple in the Bjby- 
 lonilh captivity, 424. And the 6th, From the 
 Babylonifh captivity to the birth ot Chrifl, in- 
 cluding 484 years. The poets divide the world 
 into four ages ; called the Goken, Silver, 
 Brazen, and Irofi age. Age in Law, is that 
 time of life at which a perfon is qualified to af- 
 fume and exercife certain offices of fociety, 
 which before he WiS, for want of years, inca- 
 pable of. The age of twenty- one is the full age, 
 when a m^nor woman may contraft, and ma- 
 nage for themf«lv«3 with rcfpetl tfi their eflates, 
 
 A'GED,
 
 A G G 
 
 A'GED, Adj. [from age] that which has 
 lived a kngcourfe, or lenes of years, genenlly 
 applied ;o animals. Fituraiivt-iy, lliatvhich 
 has flood lor many years j decayed fcy length 
 of tinie, apolied to iii?nimate thinRS. 
 
 A'GEDLy, Adv. [troni aged, and !y] after iiXion. 
 
 A G G 
 
 cation, thofe fu"bftanccs which i;ave a (jualiry 
 of ^lev.ini;, or ftick'uii any bodies to{;ethcr. 
 In phyfic, flrengtheniiig medl'tincs, which ad- 
 hering to the folirls in the humjn body, re- 
 cruit and fupply what is wafted in the animal 
 
 4he manner of a peilon advanced in years, or 
 in the decline of life. 
 
 A'GEN, Ad. [^gen, Sax.] a repetition of 
 the fame deed 5 fomething by way of reply to 
 what had been faid. " Thus her fon reply'd 
 irp-fn." Dryd. This is the true fpeiiing, thi u^;h 
 now ufed only by pocta for the \a^& of riivme. 
 See AGAIN. 
 
 A'GENCY, S. [from agcnt^ the quality of 
 afting; a£tion J the date of bting in, or ex- 
 erting aiSiion. " The fuperintendence and 
 ttgency of Providence." IVocd-zv. 
 
 i\GENH]'NE, S. [from agen, Sax. eygcn, 
 Teut. one's own, and hire, a fervantj in L'.w, 
 a gueil at an inn, who alter three nights con- 
 tinuance therein, is deemed one of the fa- 
 mily. 
 
 A'GENT, Part, [from agcns, Lat. part, of 
 oge, to aftj that which afts, or is a£tive, in 
 oppofition to patient, or paffive. " The force 
 of imajiination upon the bocj agent,'''' Bac. 
 Nat. WJl. 
 
 A'GENT, S, \agen'., Lat.] a being endued 
 with the power oi .iC\ion. " A miracle is a 
 work exceeding the power of any created 
 agent." Hcutij. In [hyfic, that which is en- 
 dued wizh pov;cr to a£t on another, and to 
 produce a change or alteration by fuch aition. 
 ' The fchools divide .igents into natural, ot free. 
 Nitural, are thofe which are determined by 
 the great author rM' nature to one fort of eftVdi, 
 vith an incapacity to perform any oiiitr, as 
 fire \o heit only, not to cool. A free agent is 
 that which iray do or not do any action, and 
 has the confcicus perception tiiat his aiiions 
 are cauied by his own will, without any ex- 
 ternal neceflity, or dcterniin uion whatever. 
 h\ Commerce, an agfni is a perfon entrufted 
 with tranfacling bufiuefs for another ;t a dj:- 
 tancc, or the ncgociat.on of the aHairs ot a 
 fttte Of corporation. 
 
 A'GENT and PA'Tl^Ltl'T, [in Law] is a 
 pet fon who does o.- j, ves fomtthin^ to himiclf, 
 htiig b'jt!) the docr of a thinjj and the party 
 to whom it IS < one. I'lUi", a creditor, being 
 Irf: eyectitor, lie may r';:a;n fo much ol tlie 
 eilate of the dec^jied, is will pny his debt 
 and by that mean^ become b^th agent .■nUy'-rt- 
 f'e>!t, i. e. the party to whom the ocjt is dUv, 
 and the perfon wh 1 ;-ays ir. 
 
 To AGGLO'iV^LK AT2, V. A. [a^rgjomc 
 to, Lat.j to gather up ir. a ball j to jiather to 
 gather. 
 
 To AGGLO'MERATE, V. N. to cludti 
 together, apphed to the .''u'arniing ol bets, Fi- 
 guratively, 10 iiick together fo a> 10 compoft 
 one rPifi-. 
 
 AGGLU'TIN ANTS, S. [rgg'::n':ar.i Uov. 
 *d to, and glutin, gluej ia its primary fi^nili- 
 
 To AGGLU'TINATE, V A, [fee AG- 
 GLUTINANTS] ta unite one part to ano- 
 ther, as it were with glue ; to make one part 
 flick to another. *"' yjyglut'inat'ing to ihuls 
 parts." Hari/eV' Ufed with the particle ra. 
 
 AGGLUl'lN.'v'TlON, S. [from agg^itti- 
 nate] in its piimary fignilication, to join two 
 bodies faft ro ethef. 
 
 AGGLU'TIN ATIVE, Adj. [fromagg/u- 
 tinale] in Medicine, that whicJi has the power 
 ot thickening the animal juces, fo as to ren- 
 der them tit for nourifliing. 
 
 To A'GGRANDIZE, V. A. [agg>a>!dlfer, 
 Fr. j to exalt, prefer, or make conliccrable by 
 the addition of pofls and penfionf. To enlarge, 
 exalt, or ennoble, avplied to the fatuities anj 
 lenlinients ot the mind. 
 
 AGGRA'NDIZEMENT, S. [from ag- 
 grandixe] the aft of promotinj; to a higli place 
 in a flate ; or the act of conferring power, ho- 
 nour, atid wealth, on a perfon. 
 
 A'GGRANUIZER, S. [rem aggrand.'xi: 
 and er, implving ag<-ncv, from iraiVj Goth. 
 and ivar, S.iX.J the perfon v.ho conteVs ho- 
 nour and riches on another, or one who makes 
 great. 
 
 To AGGRA'TE, V, A. [^r aggraiare, 
 hil. gi-iitus, Lat.] to ingratiate One's I'clfj to 
 gain the eftecni of a icrfon ; applied to the 
 addiefles of a fu<tor to the obieft of his love. 
 To A'GGRAVATE, \agr,(}vi!t„nij fitpine 
 of aggra-vo, Lat. from ad, to, and gravis, 
 heavy] to lucreafc the weitht of a thing ; in 
 is primary fenfe. Li its fecondary or figura- 
 tive lenfej to add to the enormity applied to 
 crimes. 
 
 AGGRAVATION, S. [from aggravate} 
 the aift of makinjT wcrfe, applied to the dcmer'.c 
 of aftions. Some circumfl.ince which heigli- 
 tens the guilt of any crime, &c. 
 
 A'GGRlGATE, Attj. [aggregattn, Lat.] 
 an alTfirvblage, or collechon of ibc pntticlcs 
 into one mafs. " Aggugate forms of particular 
 thin;;." 'Ray. 
 
 A'G GREG ATE, S. [aggngatm, Lat.] an 
 ad'cnbl^ge formed of leveral particnlass. /Jhe 
 f;.m tut-1, or rcfult of fevcral things added to- 
 gether. 
 
 To A'aGRECATE, V. A. [aggr/goj.^t.'] 
 to coUeft together feveri.l particuiais ifito one 
 lum, or feveral parcel? or particles into one 
 mafs. " The agtrrrgjted fol." Par. Lojl. 
 
 AGGREGA'riON, S. [i'rom aggre^atlc, 
 Lat.j a whole made up at feveral parts added 
 together. In Arithmetic, the fom total, formi- 
 •;'1 by the addition of feveral units together. In 
 ;hyfics, an afiVmblage of feveral things, whicii 
 havf no natural conneiflion with ea.'h othsv. 
 To AGGRE'SS,. V. A. [from aggre/nx, 
 E luj'. n:
 
 A G 1 
 
 fupine of agfrrtdior, Lat, to attack, to (^t upon] 
 to coiTifnit the firft a£l of hoftili;y; to make 
 the tirfl attack; to occafion or beg'n a quar- 
 rel. 
 
 AGGRE'SSION, S. {aggyffi", Lat.] the 
 sf> of beginning a qujrrel, or being guihy of 
 the firft attack. 
 
 AGGRE'SSOR, S. [See AGGRESS] the 
 per on who commits the firft aft ofhofiiiity or 
 injury. " We are in danger already ot appear- 
 ing the firft aggrejjirs." Sivift. With due de- 
 ference to fo great a genius, let it be obferved, 
 that the woriji^ji is iiied very improperly in 
 this fcntence, it being included in the word 
 Oggrfjfor itfelf. 
 
 AGGRIE'VANCE.S. [fee AGGRIEVE] 
 an aftion which caules pain, or uneafinefs in 
 the perfon to whom it is done, and includes in 
 it the fecondary idea of injury, or fomething 
 undefervec". 
 
 To AGGRIE'VE, V. [f:om a^, for ad, to, 
 and p-'if^f, formerly wrote grel-ve itom gre%'er. 
 Fr. to vex, of gratih, Lat. grievous] to do or 
 fay fomething which fhall make a pcrlon \in 
 eafy. " Which yet aggrieves my heart.' 
 Spencer. To offer an injury, which fhall occa- 
 fion vexation. A'. B. In all thefe fenfes, the 
 idea of grief is includcJ, as flawing fiom their 
 difagreeablenefsjor the inconvenience to which 
 they fubjeft the perfon who endures ihem. 
 
 AGHA'ST, Adv. [from a>'«(v^a(, Gr. 
 to be aftoniflied; but, according to Skinner, 
 from a and gl-^ajl, Sax. and Goih. a fpeftre, 
 or apparitif^n, or ghoft j bec.iufe thty vvho fee 
 thofe fights are afiscled with thi-i pafTion] all 
 the figns of a perfon terrified by an apjjaiition, 
 like one who had feen a ghoft. " With 
 dreary drooping eyne locked up like one 
 agbaj},^' Sirircer, Elegantly applied to inaiii 
 mate things, as in the following fentence to 
 the earth at the refurreftion. " The aged 
 «a;th agbaft — Shall from the furface to the 
 center quake " R!il. CLr Njt. 
 
 A'GILD, Part. [i:gi!d, Sax. from a nega- 
 tive, and gilJ, Sax. a fine, or a price fet on a 
 perfo.a's life, from gUdan, Sax. to pay] free 
 from penalty, of not Aibjtfl: to the ctifti)mafy 
 fines and taxes. Skinner fays it is applied to 
 outlaws, for whofe death no compenfation 
 need be made, 
 
 A'GILE, Adj. [of agik, Fr. of ogUh, Lat.] 
 aftive; afting with great fpeed and leadinefs; 
 nimble. " Forewarned ftruck his irg//; heels." 
 Sla'e'p, Hen. IV. Applied to the mind, 
 alert, vigosou?, in oppofition te flow, and 
 ftupi'. 
 
 A'GILENESS, S. [from agile and rejs] 
 the quality of performing with fpeed, quick- 
 Befs, or nimblenefs. 
 
 AGI-'LITY, S. [dguhe, Fr, from agilh, 
 Lat. nimble] a capacity of moving wuiiouc 
 pain, cr any oiher i.mpediment. 
 
 A'GINCOURT, or A'ZINCOURT, S 
 a village of Poniheu in Picardy, memorable 
 ler the glorious vid;ry whicii the Enjlilh, 
 
 A G L 
 
 under the command of Henry V. gained ovtr 
 the French, the 25th of October, 1415, lof- 
 ing only 1600 .-nen, and killing 6000 of the 
 ;nemy. Lat. 50 deg. 39 min. N. Long. 7, 
 deg. 10 min. E. 
 
 A'GIO, S. [Venet. ajd or affiftance] in 
 Commerce, the exchange or difference be- 
 tween bank and current money, or cafli. 
 Thus if a bargain be made to pay either 100 
 ivres bank, or 105 cafh, the ag:o is faid to be 
 5 per cent. The agio varies almoft every 
 where; at Amfterdam it is ufually from 3 to 
 5 per cent, at Rome rear 25 per 1500; at 
 Venice 10 per cent, fixed ; and at Genoa 
 from 15 to 16. It likewife fignifies the pro- 
 fit which arifes from money advanced, and is 
 the fame as premium. 
 
 To A'GIS T, V, N. [according to Skin- 
 ner, from gijle, Fr. a bed, or place to lie 
 down in ; but Kennet conjeftures from ager, 
 Lat. a field] in Common Law, to take in the 
 cattle of ftrangers into the king's forefts, and 
 colleifl the money due for it. Chart, de F»-efi, 
 9 Hen HI. c. 9 
 
 AGl'STAGE, S, See AGI'STMENT. 
 AGI'STER, S. [from agijl and cr] in 
 Common Law. officers appointed by paten*, 
 to take in and feed the cattle of ftrangers, 
 and colleft the money arifing from thence, 
 ot which they are four in every fcreft, where 
 the king hath any pawnage= Maniv. Forefi 
 Laivu, 80. 
 
 AGI'STMENT, S. [Uom agif.o] in Com- 
 mon Law, the feed of other people's cattle, 
 ken into any ground, at a certain rate per 
 eek. In a large izn(t, it extends to all 
 manner of common cr herbage, or the profits 
 arifmg from thence. 2 Inft. 643. 
 
 A'GITABLE, Adj. [d^;Vd/iiM, Lat.] that 
 which mav be put in motion. 
 
 To A'GITATE. V, A. lagila, Lat.] to 
 move by repeated aiflions. " The furf?ce of 
 the water is agitated by the winds." To ac- 
 tu;ite, ^£i upon, or give motion to. To 
 difturb, or oiforder by the diflra£lions of dif- 
 ferent motive'. To tofs from one to an- 
 other, to difcufs, or controvert with grtat 
 warmth, 
 
 AGITA'TION, S. [from agiietio, Lat.] 
 the aft of fh^king or putting the pariicles 
 of a body into motion. " Difturbed by any 
 agitation.^' Bac. D:forder of the mind, a- 
 rifing from the violence of diflere.^t paflions. 
 Ccnfideration, or deliberation of feveral per- 
 fons. " The projcft now in agitation tor re- 
 pealing the teft," Sivift. 
 
 AG'.TA'TOR, S. [irom agitate'] the per- 
 fon who projefts any Tcheme, occafions ary 
 dif.urbance, or caufes any motion. He who 
 manages and condufts th/* affairs of another. 
 A'GLETS, S. laigyiUete, Fr.] a fharp 
 point, a tag, formed 10 refemble forae anim.<l, 
 but efpecially a man. " His ga.vn addrelEed 
 with fl^/cfi." Haswo'jd. In Botany, the 
 pendants hinging on the tips, or apices, of the 
 
 chives.
 
 AGO 
 
 chives, and ftamina of flowers j as in the tu- 
 lips, rofes, tS'c. 
 
 AGNA'T'l, S. [from ad to, and vifcor to 
 be born] in the Roman Law, the male de- 
 fcendan's fronn 'he fame father, diliin^uifliel 
 from cognati, which includes the female de- 
 fcendjnts. 
 
 AGNATION, S. [fee AGNATl] in 
 the Civil Law, the relation between the de • 
 fcendants from the fame father, including 
 only males. 
 
 AGNI'NA MEMBRANA, or PELLI- 
 CUDA, S. [in Anatomy] the memnrane in- 
 cluding the fcBius, fo named by Aetius, called 
 likewile amnios. 
 
 AGNI'TION, S. [_cign:lum, Lat.] an ac- 
 knowledging. ^ 
 
 To AGNI'ZE, V. A. [from agmfco, Lat.] 
 to own; to avow ; to acknowledge. " I do 
 agnize a natural and prompt alacrity — I find 
 in boldnefs." OtheUo. Obfolete. 
 
 AGNO'MEN, S. [Lat. from ag for ad to, 
 and nomen, a name] an addition oi name add- 
 ed to the furname of a perfon on account of 
 fome peculiar aftion or circumftance ; as the 
 addition of Africanus to the name of Scipio, 
 on account of his exploits in Africa 5 and of 
 Cicero to that of Tully, on account of a pro- 
 tuberance on his nofe, like a vetch, whicii 
 Cicero fignifies. 
 
 AGNOMINATION, S. [agnomiratio, 
 Lat.] the refemblance or allufion of on- 
 word (o another, both in found and Unfc 
 *' Pleafantly running upon egnominatiors,'" 
 Camden. 
 
 AGNOET./^, S. [aj/voETai, Gr. from 
 i/yvoioo, Gr. to be ignorarjt of] in Kiftory, a 
 feet of heretics, who held that Chrift, \vi:h 
 rerpe<£l to his human nature, was ignorant of 
 fome things, andefpecially the day of judgment. 
 A'GNUS CASTUS, S. [from agnw, a 
 lamb, and cjiui, chade] in Botany, called 
 I ikewife •£/;?«; it is reputed a cooler and pie- 
 fe'ver of chadity, on which account the A 
 thenian hdies u(ed to lay on beds of it during 
 the feaft of Ceres ; but modern praiflice feems 
 to have entirely dilchinied the ufe of it, 
 
 A'GNUS DEI, S. [L-t. the Lamb of 
 God] in the Romin church, a flu piece of 
 white wax of an oval form, flampt with the 
 figure of the lamb, and confeciated by the 
 pope. They are now prohibited to be brought 
 into England, by 13 Eliz. c. z, 
 
 AGO', Adv. [from agan, S.ix. paft : 
 whence fome counties Itili pronounce it ag'Me \ 
 pift. " Some time ago''' Addtj. When we 
 retkon paft time, toivards, or ending with 
 the prefent, we nfejf;.'ff; a% " It is a year 
 Jince it happened." But when we rcckon/;t» 
 the prefent, and end with the paft, we ufe 
 *gi-, as, " It happened three nijihls ago." 
 This is a nicety, which foreigners ought pe- 
 culiarly to attend tc. 
 
 AGO'G, Adv. 
 
 agogo, Fr. as r/s fi-venr 
 
 A G R 
 
 th^'ir wifTies] eager for the pofTcfTion of fome- 
 thingj lon<;inp. To fet one's fancy or af- 
 feftiuns on. " On which the faints are all 
 agog." Hudi'-ras. 
 
 AGO'NE, Adv. {agan,- Sax. pafl-. See 
 
 AGO] paft, with refpedl: to time; formerly. 
 
 " As you fpeak him iongagone."' B'^nJ^hnfon. 
 
 A'GONIST, S. [fee AGONl'STES] a 
 
 champion or contender for a prz". 
 
 AGONI'STES, S. [Ay=v,r.., Gr.] one 
 who ufed to exhibit at the public games of 
 Greece and Rome ; being a candidate for the 
 prizes awarded (or .uperiority of ftrength, &c. 
 m allufion to this, Milton has (filed his trage- 
 dy Gampfnn Agor.iftes. 
 
 AGONi/STICI, S. [Lat. from ayo^y. Gr. 
 a combat] the name given by Donatus to thofe 
 ot his feet-, whom Jie fent into the fairs and 
 markets to propagate his doOrines, being, as 
 the name imports, theological knights-errant. 
 ToAGONl'ZE, Ugo,:iJer, Fr. from ^^0- 
 n^c,}, Gr. of a.yom, Gr. ur an agony] to be 
 aff-edled with acute and exct/Tive pain. 
 
 A'GONY, S. [from a;/i;v, a fharp conteff, 
 or ftruiglej exceflive pain, wherein all the 
 powers of nature are convulfed, and fhe ftrug- 
 gles, as it.were, with death for the maftery. 
 
 AGO'NYCLITES, S. [from aneg. yovv, 
 a knee, ar,d JtXivu, Gr, to bend] a left in the 
 feventeenth century, who derived their name 
 from their diftrnguiming principle, never to 
 kneel, but to f,iy all their prayers ftanding. 
 
 A'GRA, S. [Perf.j the principal kingdom 
 of the empire of the Mol-uI. It has Bando 
 on the W. Dely on the North, Sambal oa 
 the E. Gualcar and part of Narvar on the S, 
 Its quota of forces to the Mogul's army, is 
 15,000 horfe, and 30,000 foot; and its re>- 
 venue is computed at near three millions fter- 
 ling. Agra, its capital, founded in 1566, by 
 Eckbar, or Eckbarat, is a place of gr.:at traf- 
 fic, having merchants from China, Perfia, 
 »11 parts of Indii, and from England and 
 Holland. Its indigo is reckoned the verv beft 
 in the world; befides which, they export a 
 great many fluffs and linens, tilfues, lace, 
 rice, and cotton. The number of its me- 
 dians, or public bazars, covered bazans, or 
 quarters for merchants, fome of which are 
 a quarter of a league long, together with lis 
 caravanferahs, which are about eighty, are 
 luflicient to convince us both of the prodigi- 
 ous extent, and of the immenfe trade which is 
 carrird on in this city. Ldt. i6 deg. 29 min. 
 N. Long. 79 deg. 12 min E. 
 
 AGRA/RIAN, A^'j. [agranus, Lat. of 
 ^gcr, a field] in the Rom:ui Law, a term ap- 
 plied to fuchlaws, as relate to the divifion and 
 diftribution of lands. 
 
 To AGRE'E, V. A. I'agr/e, from gr?, 
 lilcing, confent, ap^robation, or g.ood-v.'ill'j 
 to be friends, or in concord, i. e. a flate 
 where;n the fcniiments of one perfon arefimi- 
 larto, or the fame as ihofe of another, " The 
 
 #»oo^t-, tiiey live as they ^.leafc; or according to inoie jou agne together, the kfs hurt can 
 
 £ a you
 
 A G R 
 
 Jrour enem'es do you." Pope. To confent to 
 do a thing upon certain conditions ; to bar- 
 gain. To rei'cinble; to be like. To match, 
 applied to colour. To tally with ; to be con- 
 fiftent with. 
 
 AGREE'ABLE, Adj. \_agrea' U, Fr.] fuit- 
 able ; conformable to, or confident with. 
 Pleadrg; grateful; as fuitable to our inclina- 
 tions, or faculties. 
 
 AGREE'ABLENESS, S. [hom agrceaih 
 and nejs, of A'.S', Goth.] the quality which 
 renders a thing grateful to the talle. The qua- 
 lity which rendfrs a thing pleafing, below 
 rapture, and lefs than admiration. Likenefs; 
 affinity; refemblance. 
 
 AGKEE'Al^LY, Adv. [(torn aj^reiakle, and 
 /y, of lie, SiX.] in a manner confiftent with, 
 or conformablt to. In a manner which afiords 
 a pleafing fatisfaiTlioa. 
 
 AGREE'!), Part, [from agne] fettled by 
 mutual ccnfenr. 
 
 AGREE'MENT, S. {agr^-inent, Fr, in law 
 Latin agreammtum, w'nich Coke would will- 
 ingly ftretch into aggyegntio nunlum, an aggre- 
 gr.tion of mind?] frieniUhip ; alliance; con- 
 cord. A contract, bargain, or compact, Re- 
 femblance. 
 
 AGRE'SSES, S. {ergr:[Jcs, Fr. bullets, 
 from c^a. Sax. terrorj in Heraldry, the fame 
 as prl'ets. 
 
 AGR'ESTIC, or ACRE'STICAL, Adj. 
 [agrejiis, Lat.] favoring of, or belonging to 
 the country ; clowoifti ; rude. Seldom ufed. 
 
 AGRE'STJS.Adi. fLat.] wild. In Botany, 
 applied to thofe plants which grow in the fields, 
 \d oppofition to thrf; that are cultivated. 
 
 A'GRICULTURE, S. [from ogri the gen. 
 • f .iq-t-r. Lit. a field, and cultu^n, Lat. tillage, 
 from colo, Lar. to tilij the art of tilling and 
 manuring theground, fo as to make it fruitful 
 and bear plants ; confifting in manuring, fal- 
 Jov.inj:, fowing, harrowing, reaping, mowing, 
 i^c. the management of the produftions of 
 •JifTerent foils, and planting ; together with 
 the cnltureofforefts, timber, Sfr. The high eft 
 ei-.comitim that could be given a rran in Rome, 
 was, that he cultivated his own fpot of ground 
 well; the moftilhiftriousfenators applied ihem- 
 lelves to it, and their didtators were taken from 
 the plough. Agriculture, or hufbandry, is the 
 original fourceof molf ot curtreafures.and the 
 great fountain of all materials for commerce. 
 
 AGRIFO'LIUM, S.[Lat,from ay^is<;. Gr. 
 rough, and <^v>Xc'j, a leaf j in Botany, the holly 
 tree. Miller reckons thirty-three fpecies of it. 
 
 AGROU'ND, Adj. [from a and ground, 
 implying on ground] a marine term, llrand- 
 ed ; ftuck fa/f upon ihore, fo as rot to be got 
 rfij and purfue a voyage; hindered bv the 
 ground from psfling further. Figuratively, 
 Uieeting with fome impediment or obfticle, 
 which renders it impcfiible to advance in, or 
 ^u on with an affair. 
 
 A'GL'K, S, [trom a:gu, Fr. acute, on ?c- 
 ccL-ntot ibc acuteuefs ajid violence ei (he pain 
 
 AID 
 
 It occafions duiing the fit] a periodical fpecies 
 of fever, beginning with a cold fnivering, 
 which is Uiccetded by heat, and terminates in 
 a fwcat. When the cold fit is fcarcely percep- 
 tible, and there is a return of the hot one only, 
 it is called an intermitting fever. According 
 to the returns of the fit, it is differently deno- 
 minated. If it returns every day, it is then 
 called a quotidian j if every third day, a terti- 
 an; and it every fourth dayj a quartan. 
 
 ARGUED, Part, [from ague] ftruck, or af- 
 fefled with an ague ; figuratively, cold ; 
 (liivering, trembling, in allufion to the ef^'edls 
 of this diforder. 
 
 A'GUE-FIT, S. [from ^^j/<r and//] the 
 cold, ihiyering, trertibling fit, which atiefts 
 people in the ague. 
 
 To AGUI'SE, V. A. [ftomguije, Fr.gulfa, 
 Ital. guijc, Bclg. a form, fjfhion, or particular 
 cut ot a-gjrment] to drefs, adorn, cmbellifh, or 
 fet oft with external ornamentf . " Soroetimes 
 her head fhe fondly would ngu'ife.'''' Faery S^.^ 
 
 A'GaiSn, Adj. [from ^af and i/h,oi IJc, 
 Sax. iyfts or ijk, Goth, which, being added to a 
 fubftantive, imports likenefsj like, or having 
 the properties of an ague. 
 
 A'GUISHNESS, S. [from agu:^ and w/j] 
 the quality which refembles an ague. 
 
 AH! aninterje<S. [acA, Teut.] a word made 
 ufe of to denote fume fudden difiike, and oc» 
 caf:oned by the apprchenfion of evil confe- 
 quences. " Ah ! finful nation." Jfj. i. 4. 
 Sometimes giief, and an appeal to the paffion 
 of pity Jnd cornpbfiion. *' ^h tr.e !" 
 
 AHA', an interjedlion denoting the trl- 
 umjih ofconterr.pt ; intended to expiefs joy at 
 the calamities of others, and to increafe the 
 uneafinsfs which tlicy themfelves experience. 
 " They faid, a/ja ! our eye hath feen it." 
 PfaL XXXV. 21. With contempt. 
 
 A/HEAD,Adv, \trom a znd hiJd of kKJ,lf]. 
 height] a fea term ; beyond ; implyinga greater 
 degree of Iwittneff. " And now the fpeedy dol- 
 phin gets a-bead.'" Dryd. Applied to perfons, 
 to coniraft an inveterate habit, which is not to 
 be eafily furmounte<» by advice, or inftiudlion. 
 " They fcffer them at firfl to run a-bead; and 
 v/heiiperverfe inclinations are advanced into ha- 
 bitSjthere is no dealingwith ihem.^'L^IIJirange. 
 
 AHEI'GHT, Adv. [from a and i>:ight] on 
 high ; a great di<Tance above us. " Look up 
 ahright." Sha'^efp. K. Lear. 
 
 A'JALON, S. [Heb. an oak; ftrength,or 
 a flag, from aiel, Heb.] the name oi a valley, 
 f.imous for a battle ot the Ifraelites with the 
 allied nations, alter the taking of Jericho, 
 during which, the fun is, by the facied writer, 
 afierted to have flood ftiU in, or over, this 
 valley, by Jofhua's command. 
 
 To Alb, V. A. [from aider, Fr.] to giva 
 afliftance or fuccour to; to deliver a perfon in 
 danger, or diltrefs, out of it, by giving him all 
 ihe bfiiflance, help, or fuccour in one's power. 
 To fuf port, wht-n applied to the means ufed 
 to free a ptrfon from want. 
 
 AID,
 
 A I M 
 
 AID, S. [from aid;, Fr. aha or a'uite, Iti!. ' 
 <if ijdjuto, Lat. to hclpj that which contributes 
 to render a thing mare eaCy. Aflillince. Sup- 
 port given to a peri'on. An affiUant, or perfon, 
 who, by co-operating with another, either by 
 advice, or exertion of bodily ftrength, renders 
 difficulties furmountable, diftrefs more toler- 
 able, and ptofperity more tranfporting. In Po- 
 litics, a fubfidy, or money given to fupport the 
 neceffities of the ftate. 
 
 AIDDE-CA'MF, S. in the army, an of- 
 ficer, who receives and carries the orders of a 
 general officer to the relt of the army, y^id- 
 Major, or adjutant; one who affifts the major 
 when prefent, and performs his office when 
 he is abfent, 
 
 Al'DER, S. [fronri aid] one who affifts, or 
 helps ; one who takes parr with a perfon, and 
 endeavours to promote his uTciertalcing. " The 
 adherents and aiders of the late rebellion." 
 Bac. Hen. VII. 
 
 AI'DLESS, Adj. [of aid and /i/s, a negative 
 ending, from leafe or leas, Sax. ians, Goth, 
 denoting a privation, lofs, or denial of the 
 ienfe of the fubftantive to vvhich it is fub- 
 joined] deprived, or in want of help or affift- 
 ance to render an undertaking fuccefsful, or a 
 misfortune fupportable. Without aid, or affift- 
 ance from another. 
 
 AI'GUILLON, S, a fmall townofGui- 
 enne inFrance,famous for the moft remarkable 
 liege that ever was recorded. In the year 1346, 
 being then in the poflijffion of the Engli/h, the 
 duke of Normandy fat down before it with 
 on« hundred thoufand men ; yet, though bat- 
 tered with eight of the greateft engines that 
 France could produce, and attacked by the be- 
 fiegers three times every day, it fuftained a 
 fiege of fourteen months, which was raifed by 
 the battle of Credy. 
 
 AI'GULET.S, S. [aig'det, Fr.] tags; or 
 gold tags at the end of tnngf s. 
 
 To AIL, V. A. [from egle, Sax. to grieve, 
 or be uneafy] to difturb ; to afti^dt with a dif- 
 agreeable lenfatioa ; to make uneafy ; bea\iti- 
 fully applied to inanimate things. " What 
 ailed thtOy O fea, ihat thou fleodeft ?" PJj!. 
 cxiv. 5. 
 
 AIL, S. [from aiJ, the verb] a didemper. 
 
 AI'LING, Part, [from ci/ \ one of a weak 
 conftitution, fubie£l todifordrrs ; valetudinary. 
 
 Ai'LMENT,'S. [from «/7J indifpolition j 
 diforder ; diminution of health. 
 
 To AIM, V. A. to put a weapon in fuch 
 a direftion or pofuion, as to hit any objeft j to 
 throw a thing at an objcdf, in fuch a manner, 
 as to render the ftriking of it poffible. " ^ims 
 his airy fpear." Dryd. To endeavour to ftrike. 
 Figuratively, to direft the edge of f.ityr againfl: 
 a particular perfon. " At hiin, or him, 1 take 
 no aim.'" Gay, 
 
 AIM, S. the pofition or direction of a wea- 
 pon, in order to ftrike ari objedt. The point 
 which is Intended to be hit ; or the objedl de- 
 figned 10 be ftiuck. Figuratively, an endea- 
 
 A I R 
 
 vour to obtain any thing j intention ; purpofe ; 
 or defign. 
 
 AIR, S. [from air, Fr. aer, Lat. ar.p, Or.] 
 that thin fluid body wiiich furrounds ourglobe, 
 forms the atmofpht-re, and is the caufe of 
 breathing. A portion of the element which 
 encompalfes u?, confidered as put into motion. 
 In aiigurative fenfe, a difcovcry made of a 
 thing not known before. *' Still you lov'd ; 
 you gave it air before me." Dryd. Pofture, 
 attitu ie, mien, manner ot behaviour. " Her 
 graceful innocence, her every air,'' Par. hcji. 
 " He gave liimfelf air;." An affected, or 
 laboured, and aukward manner of addre(s or 
 behaviour, la Philofophy, that thin dilat- 
 able and compreflible fiuid, in wliich we 
 breathe, and which furrounds the globe to a 
 great height, though fcarcely perceptible to our 
 lenle5, yet of lo great necefiity to our exiftence, 
 that the lamp of life would be extinguiflied, 
 were we deprived of its benefit. If we exa- 
 mine the volume of creation, we fh.:ll find it 
 the grand inftrument of the Deity in mcft of 
 his operations, and th.it it is united or includ- 
 ed in almoft all the fubftanccs which fall 
 within our notice. It is this vvhich puts every 
 thing into motion, it lends aftivity to fire, 
 growth to vegetables, improvement to chemif- 
 try, fluidity to water, health to animals; in 
 d word, there is fcarce any operation in na- 
 ture, which h.\npens without its zfliftance ; 
 there is no produOiHon of art, which can dif- 
 claim its necelfannefs. Air, in Mufic, a com- 
 pofuion, v/hich is played alone, without either 
 bais or any other part to accompany it ; or the 
 melody and inflexion of aTnuficalcjmpofition. 
 Thus we fay Handel's airs, &c. Airs iij 
 horfemanfhip, the artificial, or pradlifed mo- 
 tions of a man.iged horfe, inch as the dcnii 
 air, demi volt, curvet, &<% 
 
 To A!R, V. A. [fee AiR, S.] to expofe 
 to the air. To enjoy the benefit from the air^ 
 To expofe to the fire, in order to free from the 
 inconveniences of damp and ftagnating air. 
 
 Al'R -BLADDER, S".[from air and i>/adder] 
 a bladder found among ths entrails of filh, 
 which Serves, by its contraiflion or dilatation, 
 to enable them to rife, or dive in the water. 
 
 A1'R-BU!LT, Adj. [from air and i'w'A] 
 built in the air; chimerical, without any fo- 
 lid foundation. 
 
 Al'R-DR AWNjAdj [from air snddraivn] 
 formed by a condeufaiion of the air, that 
 whicli has no exillence in nature ; chimeri- 
 cal ; imaginary. 
 
 AI'RER, S. [from air and er, implying an 
 agent, from tvair, Goth, and luaer, Sax. a 
 man I he that expofes a thing to the air, 
 
 Al'R-GUN, S. [from air and gun\ an in- 
 firument invented to flioot with, purely by 
 mci-.s of coniprelicd air. 
 
 Al'RING, S, [from <7iV] a fhort walk or 
 ri.^e abroad ; fo called, becaufe we then enjoy 
 the frefh and open air. 
 
 ArR-HOLE, S. a hole made to admit, 
 E 3 or
 
 A IC E 
 
 er let out, the air; a vent; or Vent-hole. 
 
 AI'RINESS, S. [from airy ^nii nefs} ap- 
 plied to fituation, expof'J to a I'ree current of 
 air, in oppofition to confined; opennef? : Fi- 
 guratively, applied to a perfon's manner, or 
 bcliaviour; levity, gaiety. 
 
 AIR'LESS, AJj. [of a'lr and kfs] that 
 which has not a freecunent of air ; that virhich 
 has no comrnunication with the ex ernal ^ir. 
 
 Al'RLING, S [from dir, fignifvin^' ra/^/y, 
 and iiiig, a diminutive termination among the 
 Saxuns ) a youthful, light, gay, and thought- 
 !els perlon. 
 
 Al'R-PUMP, S. [Crom air and /-wm/-, of 
 pump:, Dan. pompe, B-^k. fiom fovipen, Belg. 
 to draw water] in Philojophy, an inflrumcnt 
 or machine ufed for exrrading air, coniifting of 
 a receiver made of f-'-fs, wnerein the ohjedfs 
 ate placed , two brafs cylinders or piifons to 
 extract the air with; a gage to determine the 
 rareta£lionof the air during any experiment j a 
 tube called thi: Swan's Neck, communicating 
 V itli the receiver and the piftons ; and a wincli 
 that gives motion to the whole. 
 
 A'lR-SHAi'T, S. [from a<r and foafi, of 
 Jchaft ot fckach: B -Ig. a branch, ramification, 
 Or cavity, from jchfiffin, Belg. to work, or 
 p-itBTrto, Gr. lO dig I ■n Mining, a palTige made 
 for the air hy dij-gii5g. 
 
 A'lRlE, S. [of aiVjuj, Lat. in allufion to 
 the loftine's of its fitu .tion, or aire, Fr. trjm 
 {y, Tf uf. and Bdg. an egcj fee AIRV. 
 
 A'IRY, Adj. [from avr:us, Lat.] the fub- 
 tile parts of bodies. On hi^h, or in that fpace 
 cf the fvftem above the eanh, aiTi^ned to the 
 air. " Wondering at ', iieir height throuu.h iiirj 
 cliannels flow," ^-Idd'ij'an . Figuratively, chime- 
 rical, wanting lolidity, or foui dation. " I holo 
 ambition of io aiV)-, and light a qualiiy, that 
 it is but a fiiadow's fhadow." Shaieff. Uamkt 
 i\pplied to drefs, that which cxpofes to the 
 weather, in oppofition to war.Ti, clo'e, cr con- 
 lined. Applied to temjier, or behaviour, gay, 
 jpr'ghtly, full of vivacity. ^-5?/;j triplicity, in 
 Aftioir.gy, ire the thiee f.gns, Gemini, Libra, 
 and Aiitiiti'is. 
 
 Al'SLE, S. [pronounced if,c, from di.'e, Fr. 
 2 wing, o' o!j, Lat.j the fiOc-walks or paths 
 • >f a church, r.mning parallel to the greater in 
 the center, called the rief\ reprefe'itiiig, in 
 that refpeifV, the wijigs of a builajng eiccced 
 on each fice the center. " The <.hurch is 
 one huge rrf^ with u double aijle to it." Ad 
 Jifon, 
 
 AISTKILTE'RIUW, S. [ats-:-.:"--:;!:-/. G'. 
 from ai-rBavofxai, Gr. to perceive] in Fhilolo- 
 f hy, the fenfoi iuni, or the place wherein ihe 
 loiil is imagined to rcluie, and receive the no- i 
 ticcs of external objefls by means of the or- 
 gans of fciifation. 
 
 A'JUT.'i.GE, S [ajutey, Fr. to help] in 
 Hydraulics, the fpout fitted to an drtificial 
 tount.iin, tluou^h which the water afcends. 
 
 To AKE V . N. [from ace, Sjx. of a'^_®-, 
 Cr, painj to feel a dull and zonlinual pajn. 
 
 ALA 
 
 in oppofition to fmart, which Is ari acute oris# 
 and of a fhort comiuuance, 
 
 AKI'N, Adv. [from a and kin, of kyn, Id. 
 cyr.ne, Sax. kun, Goth, relation, or likenefsj 
 rtlatid by blood or defccnt. Figuratively, re- 
 fembling ; having the la.-ne properties ) having 
 a near relation to. 
 
 A'LA, S. [Lat. a wing] in Botany, the 
 hollow ofaftalk, which the leaf, orits pedicle^ 
 makes with the flalk or branches j or (hit hol- 
 low between the branch and leaf, from whence 
 new {hoots arife. 
 
 ALABA'STER, S. [from aXaSarfsv, Gr.] 
 a kind of fione, folter than marble, but haroer 
 than plaifter of Paris. It is of different colours : 
 the fhining or white is the moft common ; the 
 horny and tranfparent is not much valued; 
 and that of the colour of honey, fpotted with 
 points or veins, which is the muft Vdlued. 
 
 ALABA'STER, Adj. [See ALABA'S- 
 TER, S. I Ibmsthing made of alabaffer. 
 
 ALA'CK, Interj. [were it not that moft 
 ot the in'.rrjedions are the genuine efforts of 
 nature on fome fudden iffcftion, this might 
 be derived frotn ael, and dee. Sax i. e, perfe£l 
 pain, or grief, aei, in conipofiiioii, fignifying 
 fuilnefs] it implies furrow, or fomething 
 vvhich caufes it. 
 
 " Nay, what's incredible, ahck ! 
 
 I fcarcc can hear a woman's clack." Sivi/t. 
 
 AL.VCK-.^ Day, Interj. [from a/ack and 
 a day See ALACK] a fudden cry on feeling 
 prelent, or ieeing appro.iching calamity; and 
 li^nifies that the pcrlon labours under the bur- 
 'hcn of miferv. 
 
 ALA'CRlbuSLYjAdv. [Lat.] with great 
 chearfuinels. 
 
 ALA'CRITY, S. [a/^oi!as, Lat.j aihear- 
 ful aftivenefs. 
 
 A-LA-MO'DE, Adv. [according to the 
 fafliion] a French phrafe, ufed to imply, that 
 a thine is the reigning tarte, or fafhion, 
 
 A LA-MO'DE, S. [Fr.J a thin, light, 
 gloffy, black filk. 
 
 ALA'ND, Adv [from a and /aMif] on land, 
 on fliore ; on dry gicund, in oppofition to the 
 waters of the river, or fei, 
 
 ALA'RIS, or ALlfO'RMlS, S. [Lat. in 
 the fhape cf a wine, fiom a/j, a wing, and 
 JlrK.'j, Lat. a fhape] in Anatomy, the inner- 
 moft of the th:ee veins oppc.fite ihe elbow. 
 
 ALA'RM, S. [from :J!, Lai. to, and arme, 
 Iial. arms] a milit.ry fignal, either by beat 
 of drum or found of trumpet, by which men 
 are now called lo arms, but before the inven- 
 tion of thofe iiiftrumei.ts, it was done by a 
 loud Cry or iiiout. It generally includes in it 
 an idea of appioachiiig or fudden rfanger. 
 " When you go to war, then ye fiiall blow 
 an alarm.'''' Kunib. x. 9. Figuratively, the no- 
 tice fignifying the approach of any fudden 
 danger. Tumult, or difmrbajice, caufing tear, 
 iir apprehenfion ot danger. 
 
 To ALA'RM, V, A. [See ALARM, S.] 
 to give an urmy the fignal of arming, or 
 
 pre-
 
 ALB 
 
 preparing themfelves to encounter any fudilen 
 danger. In a fecondiry fcnfe, to caufe fe\r, or 
 apprehenfion of feme approaching mifchitf. 
 
 ALA'RMING, Part, [from a/am] that 
 whica cccafions terror, fear, or apprehenTion 
 from the iJea of approaching Hanger. 
 
 ALA'RM-POST, S. [from a/arm and 
 fo/}\ the place appointed for the feveral com- 
 panies of an army to repair to, in cafe of any 
 iudden and unfotefeen dangers, which occa- 
 fions an alarm to be beat or founded. 
 
 ALA'RUiM, S. [a corruption of a/arn] 
 This feems to have been the genera! method of 
 Ipelling in forr.er times. " Our ftern alanims 
 chang'd fo merry-meetings." Sbakefp. Rich, 
 III. Likewife a doclc, calculated to give no- 
 tice to a perfon of any particular t me it is fet 
 to, by the running down of its weight, which 
 is attended in its defcent by a continual ilrik- 
 ing of its hammer on the bell. 
 
 To ALA'RUM, S. [fee ALARUM] to 
 give notice of an approaching enen.y. 
 
 ALA'S! In'erject. [he/as, Fr. ey/aa, Belg. 
 ehilajfo, lal.j when ufed of ourfilves, it im- 
 plies lamentation, occafioned by the idea of 
 fome calamity, f j^lasl how little r'rom the 
 grave we claim." Pope. When applied to 
 others, it implies pitv, caufed irom an idea or 
 their diiirefs. ^^ Alas ! poor Protheus !" Shakejp. 
 
 ALA'TE, Aav. [from a and laie] a fpace 
 of time not \on% pa(t ; lately. 
 
 ALATE'RNUS, S. [called t^aioTrjiv^, 
 Gr» from £Xai2>', Gr. an olive, anj tt^iv'^, 
 Gr. an ilex or oak] in Botany, the cv^r gieen 
 privet. 
 
 ALATERNOE'IDES, S. [from alatermts 
 and EiJ^, Gr. a fhapcj in Botany, a plant 
 refembiiug the aldiernus. 
 
 A.LA'T1-PR0CE'S.SUS, S. [Lat. winged 
 proniineiiccs nr protuberancrsj in Anatomy, 
 the procellcs of the os ffheiioida. 
 
 ALA'Y, S. [in Hunting] the adding frefli 
 dogs into the cry. 
 
 ALR, S. [from alburn, Lat. white] a veft 
 or gar.Tient of white linen, reaching down to 
 the feet ; worn by priefts ; lurplice. 
 
 A'LBE, S. a fmall piece of money in Ger- 
 many, worth eight fenins, or two creukers of 
 that country; or one fol feven deniers French. 
 
 ALBE'lT, Adv. [from al and though, it 
 and be\ ufed to infer fomething, though we 
 fhould admit of the pofition of an adverfary j 
 although; notwiilitlanding ; granting. 
 
 ALBE'RNUS, S. a kuid of cambler, or 
 barraccan, which comes from the Levant. 
 
 ALBUGI'NEA, S. [Lat. from albus, 
 white] in Anatomy, the outcrmoft coat of the 
 eye, which compofes the white, called adnata 
 and conjunctiva. Liltewife, the membrane 
 immediately covering the tefticles. 
 
 ALBUG'INEOUS, Adj. [albugo, Lat. the 
 white of an egg] fomething belonging to that 
 part of an egg svhich is called its wiiite ; oi 
 iomething which refembles ir, " Eggs will 
 freeze in the albugineQus p»rt." Broivn, 
 
 A L C 
 
 ALBIT'GO, S. [Lat. from alhus, white] 
 in Anatomy, the white of the eye. Likewife, 
 a dilotder of the eye, whereby the horny tunic 
 loles its rr ■afpirency, and becomes opake. 
 
 A'LBUM-GR/E'CUM, [in Pharmacy] 
 dog's white dung; ufed with honfry as a 
 plainer, to deterge and cleanfe inflammations 
 in the throat, 
 
 ALBU'MENOVI, S. [Lat.] the white 
 of an egg, ufed in meiicine on account of its 
 glutinous or binding nature, mixed with bole 
 armpniac. 
 
 A'LBUS, S, a fma!l coin, current in Co- 
 logne, tff. four of which make one blafFart. 
 
 ALCAHE'ST, S. [Arab.] in Chymiftry, 
 an univerfal di'Tolvent ; a m:nftruum capable 
 of dilTolvinj any body put into it, 
 
 ALCA'IC, Adj. [from Alcaut, the Inven- 
 tor] in ancient Poetry, a name appropriated 
 to feveral forts of verfes, the fitft confiiling 
 ot five feet, of which the firft i; either a 
 Ipondee, or iambic ; the fecond, an iambic j 
 the third a long fyllable ; the fourth a dadyl ; 
 and the fitth a daflyl or amphimacer; at 
 omnei ecdtm cogimur omnium. The fecond fpe- 
 cies confifls of two dadyls and two trochees ; 
 as exuli impofitura cymhie. Examples of each of 
 thefe forts may be met with in Hor ce, who 
 not only introduced this fpecies of poetry into 
 Rome, but transfufcd the fpirit of Alcseus 
 likewife into all his imitations. 
 
 ALCA'ID, S. the governor of a city or 
 caOle in BarHary, who has a fovereign jurif- 
 Jiction in 'ivil and criminal caufcs. 
 
 ALCA'LDE, S. [lee ALC.VID, from 
 whence it is borrowed] a judge, or minifter 
 of jultice, refembling a provoft among the 
 French. 
 
 A'LCALLor A'LCALY. SeeALKALY, 
 ALCALiZA'TION, S. See ALKALI- 
 Z'ATION. 
 
 ALCA-'NNA, S, [Arab-.] a drug ufed in 
 dying, which comes from the Levant. In 
 powder it is green, but the tinfture it makes 
 dilTeis according to the difference of the liquor 
 in which it is IteepeJ ; when foaked in water, 
 it is yellow; but when in vinegar, citron- 
 juice, or allum-water, it is red. 
 
 ALCA'NALA, S, [Span.] a cuftom- 
 houfe duty of five per cent, paid on the im- 
 port of merchandizes in Spain and Spanilh 
 America, 
 
 A'LCHYMICAL, Adj. [from akhymy'\ 
 according to the procefs, or method made ufe 
 of by alchymifts. 
 
 A'LCHYMl-ST, S.[fromfl/fAymj] one who 
 protelfes or p-uifues the fcicnce of alchymy, 
 
 A'LCHVMY, S. [offl/ and /t^.'j/ia, Egypt, 
 of p^>),ui*, Gr.] apart of chcmiftry employed 
 m curious and myfterious refearchcs ; its chief 
 olijeits have been, firtl, The making of gold. 
 Secoadly, An univerfal medicine, or one to 
 cure all dife.'fes. ThirJiy, An univerf.l dif- 
 fjlveut. And, fourthly, A.n univerfdl fer- 
 ment j or a fubftance, which being applied to 
 £ 4 any
 
 A L D 
 
 any feed will incrcafe its Vecunaity to infinity. 
 
 ALCMA'NIAN, Adj. [trom /j/f,-?M«J h 
 kin.i of lyiic veile, fo called from the inven- 
 tor ; tonfiiting of two da£lyls and tvM; 
 troches. 
 
 A'LCOHOL, S. ("Arab, to attenu:Ve or 
 fu^^tlllze] in Cheminiy, ihe pureft fpirit ot 
 wine, rectified, by frequent difiilialions, to 
 its lamoft fubtillty. Likewife, a very fine 
 imp.;!p:ble powdrr. 
 
 ALCCHOLIZA'TION, S. [from alcchl] 
 the acl of retlifyine fpiiiis ; or ot reducing 
 bodies to an impalpable powder. 
 
 To ALCOHOLi'ZE, V. A. [from ahohol] 
 to make an alcohol ; or to rectify fpirits by 
 frequent diftillatio.'S, fo that, when tec on (Ire, 
 they ftiall conlume away, without leav, n^ aiiy 
 moi/iure or drefis behind them. 
 . A'LCORAN, S. [Arab, to colieft, or 
 read] the book, of the Mohammedan law, 
 rompofed by Mahomet, with the aJ]i:!arcc ot 
 Batiras, a J.icobin, S^rgiu?, a Ntfiorian 
 monk, and fome Jews : it is divided into foui 
 parts, c Ilcd by the name of fome aniniil, 
 as the Cow, the Emmer, the Spider, and the 
 Fly. Though wrote by a ptrfon of no learn- 
 ing, it is by tiie M< h-mmedans extolled for 
 tiie elegance oi its (liic, and, on that accou.'-.t, 
 u'i'ged to have been a divine compofition. It 
 abounds not only in ubfcrdit es but contra- 
 6i(fiioiis, wl Ich hii thfy vindicate, by fying, 
 that it w;.5 three and twenty years in coinpo- 
 fing; and thit tne cirt;umi'*ancps of things al- 
 tering in that interval, the Deity hirrfelf le- 
 peaKd and altered fcveral precepts, to fuit them 
 wilh the nature of things. It was originally 
 in li'ofc fleets,' whici> T^l^homet repoited he 
 received fi'^fly fiom God. This took is 
 held in fuch veneration by its profetTor<;, that 
 it is death for a Chriftizn or a Jew to t-i'ith 
 it j and trciially fatal to a MufTulman himfelf, 
 if he handles it wiih unwiifhed hands. 
 
 ALCOA'E, S. [aL-cf>at, Span, oi tha-^f, 
 Arab, a cj^inet, or flecping place; or eicohut, 
 Arab, atenlj a rece's, or part of a thamhet 
 fc^arated by an eHrade, or paniticn oi columnii 
 in which is placed a bed of fiate, or feats to 
 entert;<in comp. nv. 
 
 A'LCVON. See H A/r,CYON. 
 
 A/LDl:BARAN,S.[Perf.lin Agronomy, 
 a ftar of the lirft magnitude in she eye of tiie 
 conftellation Taurus, or the Bull, and from 
 thence named the Bull's Eye. Long. 50 deg. 
 49 min. 50 fee. of Gemini. L?t, 5 deg. 27 
 min. 30 fee. S. according to Fiamftead. 
 
 A/JuDER. S. [f om aJdi-, Sax. bcft or 
 chietj a tree with leaves refcmbling tbofe of 
 the hazsl. The trees are prodoced eithci by 
 Ijyeis or truncheons, about- three feet in 
 lengiti, in February or Ma;cii. 
 
 ALUERLI'EVEST, Adj. Super!, [from 
 ee'd, Sax. pofnive or compar. and Ikieji, ,fu- 
 peJaiive, moftdc^r, or b.;lovedJ moft beloved; 
 that which is preferred to .-.nother, or has held 
 the Itngeft pofit/Tion of the heart. '• With 
 
 ALE 
 
 you mine aJdeiUeviJl fovereign." Shaltfp, 
 Henry VI. 
 
 A'LDKRMAN, S. [Uom alderman, Si^. 
 o( aluer, comparative ot tfld, Sax. and n:an] 
 in its original fignification it implied aperfon, 
 who, on account of his years and experience, 
 was proper to prrfide over the affairs of a 
 nation, and to afiift a prince with his counfel ; 
 in this r.-fj-efl it lignified the fame as a privy- 
 cou/ilcllor, or parliament-man. But this will 
 appear more plain, if v. e recolleifl, that the 
 three flaies of ihe kingdom were divided inio 
 Atheltrg, which included the nobility; j^lder- 
 mari, the fecond rank ; and Thane, the laft : 
 ti;l Athe ftan's li'tic, th.- term wis iifed for an 
 Cir! or count, which after hi? reign were fub- 
 (iicuted iijftejd of it. In the time of Edgar it 
 iiriplied a judge or juftice. But the term is 
 njw appropriate.) to the twenty-fix perfonS 
 who pttfiJe over ihe twenty-fx wards, into 
 which the city of London is divided ; out of 
 which the lord-mayor i< generally chofen by 
 rotation. They are all qualified to aft as 
 juliices of the pesce at prefent, though for- 
 ivierly, only fuch aldermen as had been lord- 
 mayors, and the three eldeO, or next to the 
 chair, were inverted with that honour. But 
 ihey have not only the management of the 
 ctv;l, butl kewifc the military government of 
 the c;ty, are officers in its militia, and mem- 
 bers ot the artiller>-comp>.ny. Aldermen 
 prefiJe in other cities befides London. 
 
 A'LE, S. [m/j, eaie, or eahth, Sax. eala. 
 Run. Dan. ail, Ifi. eVi, Brit, oil] a liquor the 
 common drink of the Englift; made of an 
 intufioii ot malt and hops in boiling xvaterj 
 aiterv.ard.'! fermented with yeall or b.»rm ; it 
 is di.linguifliable fiom beer in refpe<a of its 
 iirength and a-e ; ow^ng to its having a lefs 
 quantify of hops and malt than beer has, in 
 proportion to the lame quanti:v of water. 
 
 A'LE, (GILL) S. [from gdl. Sax. ground- 
 ivy, and aie\ a liquor made of ground-ivy 
 leaves, iieeped in ale. 
 
 AL'E-CONNHR, S. [fro.m <i/s and ccn, of 
 connan, Sax. to know, or kiinden, Teut. to 
 ihow] an officer of the city of London, whofe 
 buf;ncfs is to infpect the meafu.'es of the pub- 
 lic-houfes. 
 
 A'LEGAR, S. [from o/«and carer of ager. 
 Run. and Dan. or ef^r, Brit. ai':^re, Fr. fourj 
 ihroughoiiC all tlic county of Lincoln the term 
 given Ux four a)c ; by Londoners ftiled, with 
 ^reat iinproprieiv, a!e -vir.egar. 
 
 A'LEHdOF,' S. [fiom a/f and iij/, Sax. 
 ground ivyj in Botany, the groiind-ivv, \o 
 called by i.'ie Saxoi s, becaufe a chief ingre- 
 dient in their r.iali liquors, in'iead of hnps. 
 
 A'LE-HOUSE, S. [ea:iu[e, Sax.^frcm ea'e 
 Sax. ale and huj'e, a houfej a houfe where ale 
 is fold. Dirtinguifhed from a tavern^ becaufe 
 that is aopropriated to wine. 
 
 A-'Le'H0U3E-KEEP£R, S. [from aU- 
 houfe and keepf, called ealajccp, Sjx. from 
 eala, Sax. ale, and jlr/i^J a perfon v«ho keeps
 
 ALE 
 
 a houfe where beer is to be folJ ; a pnblican ; 
 in oppofition to a vintner, who only It-Ils wine. 
 ALE'MBIC, S. [ixom ahmbic, Arab, the 
 upper part ot a diftilling ve'lelj in Di'^illery, 
 originally the upper part or hcjd ot a i\\\\ ijito 
 which the vapours afcend ; and, being there 
 condenfed by the external air, flow out ih 
 drops, or ftream like a thread, through an 
 aperture, vith a long neck. 
 
 A'LENGTH, Adj. [from a and length} at 
 foil length ; along ; ftretched upon the 
 ground, 
 
 ALE'PPO, S. tailed by the natives HM, 
 the metropolis of Svri^ ; for bu'ldings fecond 
 to none in the TurkilTi empire : it is fituated 
 on an eminence, and together with the fub- 
 uibs, occupies eight fmall hills. Over the 
 doors and uindowF, within the houfes inha- 
 bited by the Tories, are written pafi'aaes cf 
 the Koran ; but, in thofe of the Chriflians, 
 texts of Scripture. The mofques are very 
 numerous, fome of which are very mag- 
 nificent ; bL'fore each is a fquare area, in the 
 center of which is a .♦'ouctain, intended tor the 
 ablutions before prayers. The number of in- 
 habitants in the city and fuburbs is com- 
 puted at about 235,000, of which 200,000 
 are Turks, 30,000 Chriflians, and 5000 Jews j 
 the majority of the Chriftians are Greeks or 
 Armenians ; befides which they are divided 
 into Maronites and Syri.-.ns. The language 
 generally fpoken is vulvar Arabic. TheTurks 
 of diftinction uCe the Turkifli ; moft of the 
 Armenians, the Armenian ; fome of the 
 Syrians underfrand Syriac ; many of the Jews, 
 the Hebrew ; but fcarce one of the Greeks, 
 a word of Greek, wheih.:r it be ancient or 
 modern. Lat. near 36 deg. 12 min. N. Long. 
 37 deg. 40. min. E. Old Aleppo, called by 
 the Arabians Kennaf-jrin, is about twelve 
 miles from the modern, and has nothing to 
 rccommefid it to notice, unlefs the leffon its 
 ruins give us of the inftability of earthly 
 things. Lat. 36 deg. 8 min. N. Long. 37 deg. 
 30 min. E. 
 
 A'LtRT, Adj. [alert, Fr.] watchful, ac- 
 tive, diligent ; ready on any emergence : brilk, 
 pert, flurp. 
 
 ALE'RTNESS, S. [from alert and nefs, of 
 NS, a Goth: termination] the qu..lity of 
 being aleit, fjisi^htly, pert, aftive, or vigi- 
 lant- 
 
 A'LESBURV, AY'l.ESEURV.orAI'LS- 
 BURY, S. [ecgl-jbuiirh, from eagln, Sax. an 
 eagle, rind burgh or huritr, Sax. a town] the 
 largeft and belt borou^ti town in Bucking- 
 hamrtiire, as early as the times of tiic S.ixons, 
 \A'ho took.it by force in 571. It was chiefly 
 famous for St. .^'Edith, a native of it, who is 
 rcp)t:od to h.'va performed fcvi^rjl miracles. 
 In the lime of William the Coiiqireror it 
 was a royal manor ; wlio i;uve feverai \ard 
 land?, on conlition th.": the owner fliouli 
 finJ litter nr Jlrti"v, f.r iii'; I'lJ, whenever 
 be came th-t way. Let the foiis of volup- 
 
 ALE 
 
 tuoufnefs attend to this circumffance; and 
 admire the fimplicity of former times ! Wil- 
 liam of Ailefbury held it by this charter, 
 with this addition, that he fnould Irkewife 
 ftraw the king's chamber, and provide him 
 three eels, if he came in the winter ; but 
 if in fummer, befides ftraw for the bed» 
 he was to provide two green geefe. 1 his 
 he was to repeat three times a year, if the 
 king csme thither fo often. It has given 
 the title of carl to the noble family of the 
 Bruces ; Charles II. having conferred that 
 title in 1664 on Robert Bruce, earl of Elgin 
 in Scotland, defcended from the kings of that 
 countrv, to which their mono, far mm, " we 
 h3ve been," feeins rtiongly to allude. It was 
 mide a town incorporate by Q;_ Mary, m 
 I5:;3; conjlfting of a bailiff, ten ?lderme_n, 
 and twelve capital burgelfes ; at prefent, its 
 chief officer is termed a conftable. Its fairs 
 are on the Saturday before Palm Sunday, the 
 14th of June, and on the 25th of September, 
 for cattle ; it fends two members to parliament, 
 and is thirty-toiir computeil, or forty-lour 
 meafured miles, N. VV. of London. 
 
 A'LESHAM, S. [^gfejvoim, Sax. from 
 rf-^/ti, an eagie, haem, ham, Sax. hym- Teut. 
 a dwell;ng-houfe, or fmali village] a market- 
 town in Norfolk, very much peopled by 
 knitters of ftockings ; its market is on Satur- 
 day ; and its fairs for lean cattle, ordinary 
 horfes, and chapmen or pedlars wares, on the 
 23d of March. It lies 119 miles, N, of 
 London. 
 
 A'LE-TASTER, S. [from ak and tajierl 
 an officer fworn in every court-leet, to exa- 
 mine into the goodnefs and meafures of ale 
 and beer, within the jurifdiftion of the leet 
 or lordihip. 
 
 A'LE-VAT, S. [from ale and -vat, from 
 luJt, ^it\%. fat, fata, fat, Sa;-. a velfel] the 
 veffel in which ale is termented or worked. 
 
 A'LE -WASHED, Part, [from ah and 
 ivafil fteeped or foaked in ale. Applied to 
 immoderate drinkers of ale. 
 
 ALEXA'NDERS, S. [from Aky^^rJria, 
 where it grows in gre.'sr abundance, Skinner \ 
 in Bntnny, the Smyrnium. 
 
 ALEXA'NDER's-FOOT, S. [In Botany] 
 an herb To called, from its roots refcmblinga 
 foot. 
 
 ALEXA'NDRINE, S. [f'om Alexander 
 Paris the inventor of this metre] a kind of 
 verfe borrowed from the French, confilling 
 among them of twelve or thirteen fyllables ia 
 alternate couplets, and among us of tvelve. 
 They -a ere formerly pretty much ufed by cur 
 poets to clench iheir verfes, and generally were 
 tne lail of three ending in the fame rhyrne ; 
 but are now difcarded On account ot their 
 want of harmony, 2nd their fufpending the 
 mind too much by their extraordinary length. 
 But both tiicfe defecls cmnol be better con- 
 ceived, I ban tiy Mr. Pope's ofiaiuii of them 
 'in\i'i Alt cfCiiliciJm.
 
 A L G 
 
 " A needlefs AlexarJrire ends the fone, 
 
 That, like a wounded fnake, drago its flou 
 length along." 
 
 ALEXIFHA'RMIC, Adj. faXiv>,.fjua- 
 Kov, Gr. troni aXi^cjo, Gr. to diive oiu or re- 
 pel, and <f!tpy.aKyy, Gr. p( ifonj in its prim'- 
 live fenfe, I'onicthing which nas the virtus ot 
 expelling poifons taiitn internally, and i^ the 
 fame as an antidote. UfeJ fu'ulldiuivelv, 1-y 
 inoderii praclitioners, it means remedies a 
 •jjpied, or proper to expel that malignancy 
 with which the animal Ipirits are aittdled in 
 acute diftempers, ihrough the poies oi' the 
 fein, in the form ot a Iweat. 
 
 ALEXITE'RIAL, Adj. [from cXe^o., 
 Gr. to r..pelj that which drives away poilun, 
 or expels the malignant humours aciendin^^ 
 acute difeafes. 
 
 ALEXITc'RIAL, ALEXITE'RICAL.'- 
 ALEXITE'RIC, Adj. [r'rom aAs^si-, Cr. -o 
 diive av/ayj thJt whiih repels poUon, or the 
 malignant humours ot fevers. 
 
 ALFANDl'GA, S, [Port.] the name of 
 the cuftom-houfe at Lilbon where the duiiej 
 of export and impoiC ate paid. 
 
 A'LGETRANE, S. a kind of pitch, oi 
 bituminous matter foiind in the b^y irrmed 
 iiy the rape of St. Hekna, on th:ifle La Plata, 
 which iiiuesout at a hule three or lour paces 
 Jrom the high water mark. 
 
 A'LGEBRA, S. [from alandgdtr, Arab. 
 ifae reduction of broken numbers to wholej a 
 branch of Arithmetic, which takes the quan- 
 tity fought, as if granted ; and, by means of 
 cne or more qu^intities given, proceeds by 
 confequence till the quantity at firft only fup- 
 pof^a to be ];nown, or fome power of it, is 
 found ti) be equal to fome quantity or quanti- 
 ties known, and, confequenily, itfelf known 
 iik«wife. The origin ol this art is very much 
 controverted, though, iridee.!, its invention is 
 univcrfally atrrlbuted to Diophantus. 
 
 A'LGEERAIC, or ALGEBR A'ICAL, 
 Adj. [frcm algeira] fomeihing relative, of 
 bfloncmg to algebra. 
 
 ALGkBRA'iCAL Curvf, is that where 
 in the relation of the abfciili to the fcmi^rd - 
 jiau'5 m.iy be determined by an algebraic cqna- 
 iiijn y and is contradiuiaviuilhed to a mechani- 
 <a! and tianfcendental one. 
 
 ALG-ijRA'iST, S. [from a/^f^ra] aper- 
 I'on acquainted wi;h, or converfant in, th;: 
 operations of algebra. 
 
 A'LGENEL, S. [in Afticnomy] a fixed 
 liar of the lecond magnitude, on the left fide 
 ci thu conlieilacion named Pcrfeus. Long. 
 27 deg. 46 min. 4 fee. of Taurus; and Lit. 
 30 deg. 5 inin. 20 fee. N. according to f !am- 
 iiead. 
 
 A'LGIDITV, A'LGIDNESS, S. [from 
 rf'£r</J that quality wliicii makes a thin^cold. 
 
 ALGIE'RS, or ARGlE'R, S. a ki gdom 
 of Africa, bounded on the E. by Tunis ; on 
 the W. by the kingdom of Fez; on the N. 
 by the MeJlUrranean, and on the S> by 
 
 A L I 
 
 Mount Atlas. Fom N. to S. it is 450 m5ley» 
 where broadcft ; hut, in other pices, only 
 180. It is fuppoied to have been the Mauri- 
 tania Cie''aricr.l)S of the Romans, and is con- 
 firmed to havi been Co from the city of Cael'a- 
 re?, which vv.«3 built by Jubi, in honour of 
 Auguftus. After its corqueft by the Arabs, 
 't W3S failed the kirgdon:i ot '1 rerrecen. Its 
 climate is fo temp erue, that it enjoys a con- 
 ilant verdure rll the year round. Algier, the 
 capital of this kingdom, is fo very populous, 
 that the foreign merchants amoun: at lead 
 U) three thoufand f'amilifS; and the Jews 
 tJ no Id's tjjjn eight thou'"and : almoft the 
 whole trade palTes through their hands. The 
 gre.iteft rommerce of thi Algerines confills in 
 'he goods th'.y obtain by the pyratical plunder 
 of all Chriltiar.s they meet wtth in the Medi- 
 terranean, and that pait of the ocean near 
 them. Their marine is fo ftrong, that they 
 can ..t ou'. tweUy-n-o or twenty three vel- 
 icls annually, with three cr four hundred men 
 each. There s i.ot one p^yfici^n in Algiers, 
 IK r throughout the «hole kingdom ; for they 
 l:'ck upon the taki.ig 01 medicines as nothing 
 lefs than tem^rting God. 
 
 ALGI'FIC, Adj. [from algtdui, Lat. cold, 
 and ;;V;, Lat. to makej that which caufes or 
 ptocuces cold. 
 
 A'LCO'., S. [in AOronomy] Medufa's 
 head, a fixed ftar of the third magnitude, in 
 Perleu'. Long. 21 degr. 50 min 42 (tc^i 
 Taurur. Lat. 22 deg. 23 min. 47 fee'. N, 
 according to Flimdead. 
 
 A'LIAS, Adv. [Ltt.J otherwife; ufed in 
 law to fpecity the diiferent names by which 
 the criminal has gone: as " Storke, alias 
 Yo'.mg, a/i.Ji G.iffi;h:," /. f. " Storke, oiher- 
 wife Young, olherwile Griffiths." 
 
 ALIBA'NICS, S. cotton clotli, imported 
 into HoU.ind from the Ea't- indies. 
 
 A'LICHONS, S. the w.ngs, o» ladles of a 
 wheel. 
 
 ALrcONDE, S. [..^thlop.] a tree which 
 grows in Lower i^ihiopis, whofe Iruu re- 
 lembles the cocoa, but is not fie to eat. 
 
 A'LIHL'-, Adj. [aitiilii, Lat. from aleo, 
 to nourifhj that which nourilhcs ; or thoC 
 wh'ch may be nouiifiied. 
 
 A'LIEN, Adj. [uiicnus, Lat.] not of the 
 fame kind. Inconfiftent witn j eflranged 
 ir^m ; at enmi-y w-tii. 
 
 A'LIEN, S. [alicKus, Lat.] fomething nd- 
 verle to, or atciimtty v. ith. " An j/.t;i toilni 
 hearts of all the cour;." Sl>jiJf. Hamkt. A 
 foreigner, or one of another countiy. Not of 
 the fame prot'ciri.n, paity, or left. 
 
 To A'LIEN, V. A. [alienor, Fr. al.^M, 
 Lat. J to transfcrr our own property to another. 
 To grow avi;rle ^o ; to d (like. 
 
 A'LIENABLE, Ad. [{tarn alien and aral. 
 Sax. power or poiribilityj that which may be 
 transferred 10, and become the property of 
 another. 
 
 To A'LIEyATE, \^ A- [from alienatuK, 
 
 lupine
 
 A L I 
 
 fopInC of fl.'///;a, Lat.] to transfer property to 
 another. To grow averfe to, by transferring 
 our arTe£lions ti> fome other perfon or thing. 
 
 A'XIEN ATE, Adj. [<i/ie»afw,Lat.j;averfe, 
 or enemies to. 
 
 ALIEN A'TION, S. [alknatia, Lat.] the 
 aft of transferring property to another. Change 
 of ..fi'-ft-on fiom approb.uion to diHike. 
 
 ALI'CEHOUS, Adj. [Sliger, Lat. of ala, 
 Lat. a wing, and gero, to bearj that which 
 has wings. 
 
 To ALI'GHT, V. N. [from alihtan, Sax. 
 or allchtan, Dutch] to delcend from a higher 
 liruation to a lower. To defcer.d from, or get 
 cfFan horfe. To tall upon from a higher 
 place. 
 
 ALI'KE, Adv. [from a and like] equally, 
 or in the fame manner. Both 5 without dif- 
 ference, or diftinftion. Refembling. 
 
 A'LIMENT, S. \_aliinentum, Lat. from ale'o, 
 to nourifhj food, or that which nourifhes, or 
 fatisfies the calls of hunger. 
 
 ALIME'NTAL, Adj. [fiom aliment] that 
 which can increafe the dimenfions of plants 
 or animals, by being txken in food. 
 
 ALIME'NTARINESS, S. [horn anmen- 
 tary and ne/i] the quality which renders a 
 thing capable of affording nouri/hment. 
 
 ALIME'NTARY, Adj. [trom aliment'] 
 that wliich hath relation, or belongs to ali- 
 ment J that which nourilhes, or is eaten for 
 diet. 
 
 ALIMENTATION, S. [from aliment] the 
 quality, a£lion, or power of affording nourifh- 
 ment j or the increafing of the dimenfions of a 
 body, by converting food into its own fub- 
 ftance. " They have an accretion, but no 
 alimentation." Bac. Nat. L''ji. 
 
 ALIMO'NIOUS, Adj. [from aHmonia, 
 Lat.] that which nouriihes. A word feldom 
 ufed. 
 
 A'LIMONY, S. [from aliminia, Lat.] in 
 Its primary {tnh, nouriflimenr ; but nov/ ap- 
 propriated to the law, v, herein it implies that 
 allowance wAich a married woman fues for, 
 and is entitled to, u;;on any occafional fepara- 
 tion, provided it be not for elopement or adul- 
 tery. 
 
 A'LIPOW-MONTIS CETI, S. [in Bota- 
 ny] a kiad of white turbeth, a very ftrong 
 purgative. 
 
 A'LIQUANT, Adj. {al.quaniumy Lat.] in 
 Arithmeiic, is that part 01 a number wh ch 
 will not meafure 01 divide it, without having 
 a remainder. Or that which, being taken 
 any number of times, will always be greater 
 or lefs, than the number or quantity of which 
 It is an aliquant part. Thus 2 is the aliquant 
 part of 7 J becaufe twice 2 wants 3 of 7, and 
 4 times 2 exceeds 7 by i. And 7 isanali^uiirt 
 part of 30, becaufe it will not divide cxadlly, 
 or without leaving a for a remainder. 
 
 A'LIQyOT, Adj. [of aliquot, Lat.] in 
 Arithmetic or Geometry, fuch a part of any 
 quantity or number, as will exaftly meafure 
 
 ALL 
 
 or divide It, without any thing remaining 
 over. Thus 4 is the alic^wit pdit of 8 j 5 of 
 10 J and 6 of 13. To timi l\ie.' aliquot parts 
 of any number, divide the j.iven nuT-ber oy 
 its Icaft divilor, and the, quotient by its laft 
 divllor, till you find a quotient no longer di- 
 vifible. 
 
 A'LISH, A.fj. [from ale and ifi, of the 
 Saxon termination ifc, or ijk, Goth.] that 
 which is like, or refemble? ale in Tome of its 
 qualities. " The iv/tet alijh tifte." Mortim. 
 
 ALi'VE, Adj. [from a and ti-ve, ot liiaa, 
 or leoban, Saic. lehen, Teut. or kven, Dutch] 
 enjoying all the powers of adion belonging to 
 a living an'mal J a ftate wherein the fouTrc- 
 mains united to the body. Chearful, fprght- 
 ]y, gay, sod full of fpirits. Figuratively, 
 without diminution, or lefTening. 
 
 ALKALE'SCENT, Tart, [from alkali] 
 that which refembles the qualities of an alka- 
 li. " All animal diet is ali:akfcent, or an an- 
 tiacid." /Jrhuth. 
 
 A'LKALI, S. [from kali, Arab. glj/Tgvorr, 
 which having been burnt toaflies, they boilej 
 in water; and after evaporating, called the 
 white fait remaining/a/ ^tf//, or alkali] in Me- 
 dicine, by fome \vritcrs defined to be that 
 which will caufe an effetvefcence when 
 mingled with an acid j but Boerhaave explodss; 
 this definition as defeftive, and fbewS, that 
 too great a dependence on it may beproduftivc 
 of dangerous confequences. 
 
 ALKALl'NE, Adj. [from alkali] that 
 which has the qualities of alkali. 
 
 To ALKA'LIZATE, V. A. [itomalhalil 
 to make bodies alkaline by chemical proccfi j 
 or to draw out the latent alkaline virtues of a 
 body, by reducing it to a di-^erent form. 
 
 ALKA'LIZATE, Adj. [itom alkali] that 
 which has the powers and qualities of a body 
 which is termed an ali^ali by medial writers. 
 
 ALKALIS.VTION, S. [horn aikahz.!] m 
 Chemiftry, the aft of impregnating, or ming- 
 ling, a fluid with an alkaline fait, cither to 
 make it a better diifolvent, or to lo.id the 
 phlegm fo that it may not arife in d'iliilation. 
 
 A'LKANET, S. [_Uom altanneinA (Ikanne, 
 Arab, alcana, corrupt, Lat.J in Botany, the 
 anchufa, a plant of the buglofs kind, with a 
 red root, brought from the fouth of France. 
 
 ALKEKE'NGE, S. [in Medicine] a fruit 
 or berry, produced from .i tree of the fame 
 name, the leaves of which are acid and bitter. 
 ALKLE'RMES, S. [Arab.] in Medicine, 
 a term borrowed from tlie Arabs, denoting a 
 rich cardiac eleftuary, coiififtint* of feveral 
 warm and aromatic ingredients, of which 
 kermes is the bafis. 
 
 ALL, Adv. [fee ALL, Adj.] enttrely, 
 " yill amaz'd the pried let fall the book." 
 Sbakefp. Exclufive of any other. •' To love 
 my father all.''' Shaktfp, Lear. 
 
 ALL, Adj. [a/, aal, ea'le, all. Sax. ell, 
 Brit, all, alls, Goth, alle. Run. and Dutch, 
 alle, Teut. and e^®-, Gr.j applied to number, 
 
 i'
 
 ALL 
 
 'f fometimes is iifed colleftively for the whole 
 or every one of the parts without exception. 
 We are all one man's fons." Gen. xlii. 2. 
 Applied to quantity, every parcel, or eveiy 
 particle. Applied to time, the whole fpace 
 
 lent The major part, or gre.ateft 
 
 ALL, S. the whole, oppofeJ to a part, or 
 nothing. " She cart in a'l, even all that fhe 
 had." MJrk xii. 44. This ivord is much ufea 
 i/rcomDofition. ■ 
 
 ALL-BEA'RING, Pait. [from a'!, figni- 
 (ying r^'eclion, and fuUnefs, in allufion to 
 that of the Sax. a:l. in comporuion, and bear- 
 ing] that which is fully, entirely, and perfeifi:- 
 I7 iiuitful; that which pr(^dt;ccs all thinps. 
 
 ALL-CHE'£R1NG, Part, [from tf/, Six. 
 and cheering'] that which imparts comfort and 
 cheerfulnefs to ail ; that which perfe(Jtly pof- 
 fefles the power of communicating gaitty, or 
 fitisfaftion, to every one. 
 
 ALL-COMP4A'NDlNG, Part, [from all 
 of a!, entirely, and commandirf] that which 
 over-rules all ; that which governs with un- 
 controulabje fway. 
 
 ALL-COMPO'SING, Part, [from all, of 
 eel. Sax. and coinfofirg] that v. hich is endued 
 With a power of compofinn or ending any an- 
 xiety, or difturbance. " The bands of all- 
 compcf.rg reft." rope. 
 
 ALLANTO'IS,or ALLANTOEI'nES,S. 
 ffrom «X>.a;, Gr. a gut, and siJt^, Gr, a re- 
 femblancej a thin fmooth membrane inverting 
 the fcetus ; whofe reality, though long con- 
 troverted, has been cftablifhed by Dr. Hals 
 ■and M. Littre. 
 
 To ALLA'V, V. A. [from alloytr, Fr,] 
 to mix one metal with another, to render 
 it fit or proper for coinage. In this fenfe fome 
 fpel! it alhy, in order to keep more tlofcly to 
 the French, from whence it is borrowed. To 
 ibare, or lelTen any (quality. " No friendly 
 offices fhall alter or allay that rjncrur." Scab. 
 To quiet, pacify, or reduce a boifteroiis tern 
 peft into a calm. " If by your art you have 
 put the wild waters in this tos,T,aliay them." 
 ^hahjp 
 
 ALL 
 
 ALLA'Ynfr.NT, S. [from aVay] a dlral- 
 n',/hir>g, or lf(Tc-nin '. applied to the pafli'inf. 
 
 ALL-CONQUERING, P^srt. [from all oi 
 the S-Jx. al, and conjueritig] that which fub- 
 Jues every thing. 
 
 or interval. Applied to place, its whole ex- ALL CONSU'MING, Part, [of a.V, from 
 
 <?/, Sax. and co'ifumitig] th.t which perfcftly 
 confumes J that whicii deftroys everything in 
 Us tiower. 
 
 ALL-DEVOU'RING, Part, that which 
 perfeflly devoiirs j that which eats up every- 
 thing. 
 
 ALLEGA'TION, S. [from allego, Lat.] 
 an affirmation, decl.iration ; inciud ng the fe- 
 condaryidea of fomeihin J ciilpaole, or criminal. 
 
 To ALLE'GE, V. a'. [a%<7, Lat.] to de- 
 clar*?, or affirm; to pl;;d as-^an excufe; to 
 produce in defence. 
 
 ALLEGE/ABLE, Adj. [from alkge and 
 nl'al, S x. implying pofiibility, or powerj any 
 thing that maybe charged; anyNhing that 
 mav be p'ejj.'d in excufe. 
 
 ALLE'GER, S. [from allege] he that af- 
 ferf or declares ^ny thing. 
 
 ALLB'GI-^NCE, S. [allegiance, Fr.] in 
 Law, tlV.Tt natural, fworn, or legal obedience 
 every fobjeft owes to his prince, and is an in- 
 ci.ient inlep.irible, or that wl'iich follows a 
 pctfnn, whercfoevur he goes. Oath of allegiance 
 is that, v.rhifh is taken tei the king in quality 
 of a fcmooral piince, and is diftingui/hed from 
 ihit of fuprcmicy, which is take*n to him in 
 quality of fupreme head of the church. 
 
 ALLEGO'RIC, Adj. [Uom al'cgory, wrote 
 formerly all£c,o''ick] fomething wlmh muft be 
 underftood figuratively, in oppofition to literal. 
 
 ALLEGO'RICAL, aA. [from all(go<y] 
 that which cnnfirts of expu fTijns purely figu- 
 rative, whete fomething elie is meant than 
 what is CTpiefTed ; opuofi-d to literal; mvftical. 
 
 aLLEGO'RICALLY, Adv. [ixom al!eg»- 
 ric-il and ly\ figurativjly, in oppofition 10 lite- 
 ral h''. 
 
 ALLEGCi'RIC ALNESS, S.the quality of 
 being figurative. 
 
 ALLEGO'RY, S. \eiKKr,yma., from aXXoc, 
 I Gr. ailother, and tiyi^ivi, Gr. u> Ipcak J a figu- 
 
 ALLA'Y, or ALLO'Y, S. {alky, F.] injrarive fpeecii, i,i whuh fomething clfe is con- 
 its primary fenfi., a mixture of divers metakj-i^fHiiied th^n what the literal meininj convey 
 
 or of divers pirccls of the famemcial of diffe- 
 rent finenefs. Minters never ftrike Tny gold 
 or filver without allay; brafs coin is made of 
 an .illy of copper: )ewelltrs, Wire-rirav/er«, 
 and Gold-beaters, are obliged to ufe an allay 
 in the gold" they work 5 the Rfai's-founders 
 haveiheir allay of copper. AUay is uled in a 
 fecnndary fenfe for fomo'hing wliich leiTens, 
 cr diminifties the properties of the thing with 
 Tfchich it is mix.'d. That whleh depieciates, 
 or renders bafe, by diminut on or lelTeoing. 
 
 ALLA'YER, S. [from alhiy and er, imply 
 5ng nnagsnt, of wj r, Goth, or loaer^ S :x. a 
 manj the perfon or th np wni .h is endued with 
 a power ot allaying, Icfi'-j.i.ig, licoafing, eor- 
 upung, or ditn'.ni.'b'rij. 
 
 Thus the Roman commonwealth isaddrefl'ed 
 ky Horiice under the pi(fture of a (hip. The 
 Fables of ^f .p, the llia« and O.iyfTey af Ho- 
 ir.cr, aif.d the /En;is of Virgil, may be includ- 
 ed under this fpecies of writing. 
 
 ALLE'-GRO, S. [Itil. gay^or fprightiy] In 
 Mufic, one of the fix diflin<ftions of time, ex- 
 prefiing the quickeft motion, excepting prefto, 
 as "■Allegro ma r,ijn prejlo," quick, but not fo 
 faft as pre!lo. If it be preceded by poco, it 
 mufi be played in a fiower or graver'manner 
 than w'nen allegro ftands alone; if hy piu, it 
 miift then be talleft of all. It will not be im- 
 proper to 4dd, that the fix divifions of time 
 jie ^s folinw: gravc^ Oiliigio, largo, vivace, 
 allegro, prefio. 
 
 ALLE,
 
 ALL 
 
 AI.LELU'j AH, S. fa corrupt fpell'ng, in- 
 fteavi of hallehijah,'] a word of fpiritu?! lap- 
 ti're, whirh, cii account ofits peculiar energy, 
 is generally untranilated ; but fignifies, Praife 
 ye the Lord. 
 
 ALLEMA'NDA, or ALLEMA'ND, S. 
 fital.j in mufic, a grave air, compofed in 
 cor.imon time, ccnfilHng of two pans, or 
 itrains. 
 
 ALLE'RIONS,S.[Fr.] in hcr?.Kiiy,easlets, 
 reprelentcd (preaii, and wuiiout beaks or feet ; 
 and dittVr fro;n the martlet, liecaule that has 
 a beak, and has its wings ihut. 
 
 To ALLE'VIATE, V. A. {alh-iw, Lat.] 
 Figuratively, to lighten, to make lighter or 
 lels, in ailufion to the diminifning the preflure 
 of a he^ivy load. To lellen, mitigate, or di- 
 minlih the enormity ot a fault. 
 
 ALLEY, S. [aiUe, Fr.] in gsrdtning, a 
 ftrsit walk, bounded on each fide with trees or 
 Ihrubs. Alleys are diftmguifted I'rom paths, 
 as being broad enough for t/-o people to walk 
 abreafi. The word is in towns applied to nar- 
 row paflages, to diftinguiJh them from firects, 
 which are wider. Alley in f>si fpeni-ve, is that 
 which is larger at the entiance than ?t the 
 Oppofite extremity, in order to make it ftem 
 long. 
 
 ALL-FOU'ilS, S. [from ali and fcur] in 
 gaming, a particular play, wherein the whole 
 fum a perfon gains each deal is limited to four, 
 which are tiie hijheft, loweft, and the knave 
 of trumps, and the game, or the greaieft num- 
 ber to be made from tens and court cards ; the 
 latter of which are reckoned four for an ace, 
 three lor a king, two for a queen, and one for 
 the knave; and he who has all thele particu- 
 lar?, is faiU to be all-fours, 
 
 ALL-HA'IL, Intc'j. [from a// of <r//, Sak'. 
 in compofition, iT.plying perfeft, and h/'U, 
 fignifying health] a fslutation or invocation 
 inadeuleofin acknowledgment of heneriLS, 
 or in tcHimony of jiratitu tL-y a'ld good will, 
 
 ALL-H.VLLOWN, S. ftrom' ^2// snd Lai- 
 low, of halgean, Sax. to con'ecrate] the fiifon, 
 or fpacd oj time near All- Saint's dav. 
 
 ALL-H A'LLOW-TIDE, S. | comFounded 
 of a//, halloiv, and lUc, from tid, S.x. ttid, 
 Teut. taydan, Dalm. ttUUn, Sclav. i.nd Boh. 
 te%!n, a week; hence ivh'tfo-.'-tide, o' whit- 
 Ion- weekj that fpace ef time v.huh is near 
 Al!-Sair.i's day, (•!■ :he 2l o. N verriber. 
 
 ALL-HL'AL, S. (ti^m all, of aell, Sax. in 
 compofition, f.gnilying pjif-dlion, and heal, of 
 talen, Sax. lieler:, Bclg. heykn. Tout, to curej 
 in Botany, a fpecies of iron wort, a vulnerary, 
 deriving its name from its gr^at efficacy. 
 
 ALLl'ANCE, S. \al\aTice, Fr. from aU-.er, 
 of lur, to bind, or of ad to, and ligo, Lat. to 
 t'.ndj.the union or connexion of two pett'ons 
 or two families by mariiape. In a polit cal 
 fenfe, the leagues or treaties between different 
 ftates for their munia! f>ate of defence. 
 
 ALU'CIENCY, S. [from alliao, Lat. to 
 
 ALL 
 
 entice, or alli:re] the quality of attrafting, or 
 
 drawing to ; attrai^inn. 
 
 ALLIGA'TION, S. [from alllo-ate] the a£l 
 of uniting, or the ftatc of things united, linked 
 or joined together. In Arithmetic, the rule, 
 wherein queOions are refolved relating to the 
 mixtures of different ccmmodities, vvith their 
 value, eftefls. Sec, when lo compounded 
 
 A<.L.JU'DGING, Part, ftrom all and 
 judge] that which exercifss juugmcnc without 
 controvil, or partiality. 
 
 ALL-KNO'WING, Part, ffrom alUni 
 ^Mcwjthatwhichisintimately acquainted wicli 
 every thing that is the obj.-iT: of knowledge j 
 or whole knowledge is perfedt without defeat. 
 " An all wife, all-kmiuwg Being lowers 
 down, every day, his henchts, on the un- 
 thankfti! and undefcrving." Alterbury. 
 
 A'LLIO TK, S. in Aftronomy, a ^ir, ia 
 the tail of the great bear, of great ufe in ob- 
 fervations at Tea. 
 
 ALLOCA'nOM,S.ffroma//5«,Lat.]the 
 aft of putting one thing to another. In com- 
 merce, the admifii-^n or allowance of an ar- 
 ticle to an acro'snt, ard the ptfii.ng it as fuch. 
 In the Exchequer it is an allowance made up- 
 on account. 
 
 ALLO/DFAL, Adj. [from allcdwrn, Lat.] 
 in Law, rhat of which a perl'on has an abfolute 
 proper:y,v,i;hout paying any acknowledgment 
 or fc'vice, and is oppofed to feudal. 
 
 ALLO'DIUM, S. ffrom all, and lojxt, "Pfeut. 
 frecj a poffefllon v.-hich a man holds in his 
 owji rigin without any dependence, charge, 
 •Vrvice, or homage to be paid to a fuperior 
 lord, 
 
 ALLO'NGE, S. \allor.ger, Fr.] in Fencing, 
 a pals, or pufh, which derives its name 
 from the lengthening of the arm in link- 
 ing it. 
 
 i o ALLOC, or HALLOO', V. A. fpro- 
 no.mced balko, oi halUr, Fr. t ) make a noife] 
 t') tet a dog on ; or excite his courage, fo as to 
 I'^i-^e one of Jiia own or any other fpecies. 
 
 To ALLO'T, V. A. [from a and lot, of 
 lot,?t. hkt, S.^x.] iodiftribute by lot ; to »f- 
 fign a (hare ; to grant. 
 
 ALLO'TTING, S, [from allot'] in Com- 
 merce, is when a ftiip's goods are divided into 
 different parcels, to be purchafed by petfons 
 whofe names are wrote on pieces of paper, 
 which are indifferently affixed to each of fuck 
 lots, and the goods thus divided without any 
 partiality. 
 
 ALLO' TMENT, S [from allot} the parcel, 
 (hare, lot, office, or coiiditi')n afligned to any 
 on". 
 
 ALLO'TERY, S. [from odd] that whi::!! 
 is grained, or ^ffxiuvA "> u.iy j^crJon Oil a divi- 
 lion, diilrthu'ion, or lot 
 
 To ALLOW, V. N. {a'lo::"r, Fr.] tocon- 
 fefs, to yield, auinit, grai.t, ^acknowledge, or 
 jflcnt to J principle, in oppofirion to contra- 
 ^idion. " The pow'r of ii-ulcallour hearts
 
 ALL 
 
 slfoiu.'^ Pope. To yield, or permit. To confer 
 an honour on a perfon. To approve as jufl, or 
 confirtent with one's duty. To give, tobeftow, 
 to pay as a debt. " If we no tears allcnu — To 
 him." iValkr, To grant without any obligati- 
 on to do It. To make a conceflion, abatement. 
 
 ALLO'WABLE, Adj. [from allmv and 
 chal. Sax. implying power, or pofTibilityJ that 
 which may be granted, or permitted. Thu 
 which does not imply an error, or contrsrtic 
 tion. That which may be fuffered, as repug- 
 nant or inconfiftent with no laws, 
 
 ALLO'WABLENESS, S. [horn aUo-wnh!r 
 ar,d n?/jj the quality of a thirip, which f^erotpf 
 it to be lawful, proper to be granted or per- 
 mitted, and no ways inconfiftent wi;h the 
 rules of reafon, the ctiOoms of a place, the 
 written ftatutesof a country, or the rules o! 
 fcrjpture. 
 
 ALLOWANCE, S. [from alhiv'] the 
 granting, conceflion, or yiel.-iing affent to ?ny 
 <lo£lrine, opinion, or piinciplc. Permiflion, 
 licence, or confent, appi-ed to fuperior:. Li- 
 berty, tteedom from reflraint, uled with the 
 word give, " GHe alloiviirce to their imlin,'- 
 tions.' Lockt. Conceflion. " Parents nsver 
 give allivar.ct (or zn innocent jiaflion,'' Snvift. 
 In Commerce, thofe deduftions granted at the 
 cuftom-houfe for goods rated by weight, and 
 by dry or liquid meafure. 
 
 ALLO'WED, Part, [from a.'.W] univer- 
 fally acknowledged ; eftabl Ihed with refpefl 
 to chara£ler. " There is no fl^nder in an al- 
 IcnvediooX." Sbakajp, Tivelfib Nigkt. In Com- 
 merce, it is written in the m.irgin of an ac 
 count of expences, oppofite to fuch articles, a; 
 are granted. 
 
 ALLO'V, S. [See ALLAY] bafer metal 
 mlxc with that of greaicr value; made ufe of 
 in coinage to give the metal it is mixed wiih a 
 greater hardnefs, by which it might be kept 
 Irom wearing; or to increale its dim&nfions. 
 
 ALL-POWERFUL, .'Vdj. [from all, o( 
 aell, Sax. or al! Goth, md poueiful\ a power 
 capable of operating without dete£l, or con- 
 troul, and of producing every thing that is con- 
 fident with infinite wifdom. " O a// po-werf„i 
 Being, the leaft motion of whofe will can ere 
 ate or deftroy a world." Sivift. 
 
 ALL-SA'INTS DAY, S. [from alljjir.ts, 
 and t^ay] the day fet apart by the chuich u> 
 commemorate the exemplary lives and noble 
 fortitude of all the faints and martyrs ; added 
 as a fupplementary day to the reft of the felii- 
 vaU, that thofe who were worthy of remem- 
 brance, might not be paffed over without no 
 tice, and that the human mind might be more 
 ftrongly excited lo exemplary piety, or pious 
 martyrdom; by confideringlhenumberof ihofc 
 v;hich have preceded in thofe fhining paths. 
 
 ALL-SEE'R, S. [(torn all and/f<J he that 
 is prefeiit tveiy where; he that fees all things. 
 " That high ai!-[ar which dallied with." 
 Shakcjp. Rich. 111. 
 
 ALL-SEE'ING, Part, [from c// and /«] 
 
 ALL 
 
 endued with the power of feeing every thing; 
 ■ mnifcient. '• That all-feeing and all-making 
 mind." Drfd. 
 
 ALL-SOU'LS DAY, S. [from all, foul, 
 and day^ a feftival obferved by the church of 
 Rome, on the zd of November, with a par- 
 ticular fervice relating to the louls, fuppofed to 
 i'e in purgatory. 
 
 ALL-SUFFi'CIENT, Part, [from a// and 
 f'fficienr] capable of procuring every thing 
 which is the objeft of power or wildom ; ab- 
 folutely perfeft in himfelf. " He is every way 
 perfeft, and aV-fujfider,t ." Noriis. Perfeflly 
 adapted to; applied to evidence, capable of 
 producing all that confirmation, or convidlion, 
 (or which it is intended. 
 
 To ALLU'DE, V. A. [alludo, Lat.] to 
 have a diftant refpeft to a thing, without men- 
 tioning it exprefly ; to hint at. " True it is, 
 that many things of this nature be alluded un- 
 tc.'^ Hooker. 
 
 A'LLUM, S. [alurm, Lat. ahm, Teut.] 
 foflil fair, or white mineral, feparated from 
 the earth by walhing it with water, which be- 
 ing impregnated with its falls, is after boiled 
 and evaporated. Italy produces the greateft 
 quantity, and the beft allum of any country. 
 That of P.ome or Civita Vecchia is reddifh, 
 bccaufe the earth from whence it is taken, is 
 ot that colour. The allum of England is in 
 great pieces or lumps, clear and tranfparent 
 like chryftal ; and is more or lefs fine, accord- 
 ing as it is well or ill purified. It ismade of a 
 ftone of a blueilh colour found in Yorkfiiire, 
 ur'ne, i-nd fea-weed. The allum of Liege, or 
 M-cziers, is of the f'me nature as the Engli/h, 
 excepting that it is lomewhat fatter. Allum 
 ol the Levant differs but little from thofe al- 
 ready mentioned. The large is the beft, and 
 the mine lies about three or four days journey 
 from Smyrna. There is another fort brought 
 from Conftantinople, which is reckoned pre- 
 terable to it. 
 
 ALLU'MINOUS,Adj. [from alumer., Lat,] 
 that which has the properties of allum ; or 
 that which is mixed with allum. Waters of 
 this kind are prepared by dyers, to make their 
 rtuffs take their colours the better; and thofe 
 which are to be crimfon, muft be fteeped in 
 water made very ftrong wiih this ingredient. 
 
 To ALLU'MINATE, [allumer, Fr. of a- 
 luir.en, Lat.] to embellilh. In Painting, to 
 waili prints with al.'um water, to keep the 
 colours from finking or running. 
 
 To ALLU'RE, {leurer, Fr. km:, or leuren, 
 Belg. leuder, Teut, ludro, Ital. or bilanvan. 
 Sax.] to entice, or attraft, either in a good 
 or bad fenfe ; to perfuade or draw, by the ad- 
 dition ol fomething befides the intrinfic value 
 and advantages of the objctt. " In laws it 
 has always feemed neeot'ul to addre.^ards, 
 which may more altwt unto good." Hooker, 
 To charm or affeft the mind with a fenCarion 
 of pleafuic. " Each fiatt'iLog hope, and each 
 : alluring joy." Lytlle'on. 
 ■ ALLU'RE,
 
 A L M 
 
 ALLU'RE, S. [her, -v^'ghel, Teut. hder, 
 Belg. a betrayerj originally fomeartificial bird, 
 made life of by bird-catchers, to entice birds 
 into their traps. Figuratively, any dilng that 
 entices, or driv.s a perfon into the power of 
 another. " The rather to train them to his 
 oUure,^'' Ifjyiv. 
 
 ALLU'REMENT, S. [frGm alhre] that 
 which has the power cf cniicing by its 
 charm': ; temptation ; enticement. 
 
 ALLU'RER, S. [from aL'u-e and f,] the 
 perfon who tempts, or fcduces by fair fpeeches ; 
 entices or invfiiles. 
 
 ALLU'RlNGLY,AJv, [from a//«rjV^, and 
 />•] in .1 manner proper to entice, tempt, in- 
 veigle, or fed lice. 
 
 ALLU'RINGNESS, S. [horn al/uihg and 
 refs] a quality, whofe charms have fuch efieft 
 upon the mind, as to prevail on it to eng,»ge 
 in any aftion, either good or bad. 
 
 ALLU'SION, S. [from aJ to, and Iiidt-rt, 
 to pljyj lomethifjg fpoken, with reference to a 
 thing already known, and on that account not 
 cxpreff'd A reference; hint, or impl. cation. 
 
 ALLU'SIVE, Adj. [from a.'/ufuir, fupin.- 
 of al!u!'.'j\ that whicii does not mention a tbiap 
 exprefly, but comprehends it by implication ; 
 that which hints at fometiiing not fuily ex- 
 prefTed; figuratively, in oppoiition to plain, 
 or exprefs. 
 
 ALLU'SIVELY, My. [from aUuJlre and 
 ly, of/jf,Sjx.J in a manner wherein a reference 
 ismade to fomethinp not cxprefTedjbut implied. 
 
 ALLU'SIVEKESS, S. the quality of ex- 
 prefiing a thing bv implication, or by reference, 
 oppofed to exprefly, direttly, or pbinly. 
 
 ALLU'VION, S. [allwuio, Lat. from ad, 
 to, and U'vo, to wafhj in its primary fenfe, a 
 flowing, or fwelling of waters near any land. 
 
 ALLU'ViOUS, Adj. [from ai:ui'ium,\.3.u\ 
 that which is wafhed away from one place, 
 and carried to another. 
 
 ALL-WrSE, Adj. [from a!', of <r//, Sax. 
 and w;/r] that which is endued w;th abf lute, 
 perfedt, or infinite wifdom. " There is an in- 
 finite, etern.il, aU-ivifc mind governing the 
 aflair' of the world.'* South. 
 
 To ALL'Y, V, A. [from allicr, Fr. oUJ, 
 and //^;J to join toe^•th^r,, or unite by kind- 
 red, friendfhip, c r in etell. To refitr.ble, or be 
 like, in the pafuve. 
 
 ALL'V, S. [in the plural all. a, from aUit, 
 Fr.] one who is joined to, or has connexions 
 with another, owing to fome contrafV, whether 
 that of marriigeor treaty ; and is applied both 
 to perfons an.i kins;j(,ms. One who is united 
 to another by hi-^ndfhip. 
 
 ALMACA/NTAR, [from almocarttar, a! 
 mucantar, ox a'mjcantharat, Arab.) in Aftro- 
 nomy, a circle drawn parallel to the horizon. 
 It is generally ufed in the plural, and fifnihes 
 a feries of parallel circles drawn thrc,uj;h the 
 feveral degrees of the meridian. ./^lmacLintai''s 
 fi^ff, a mathematical iniuument, made of pear- 
 tt«c oi bo.x-wood, with aii arch cor.uLniiiic 15 
 
 A L M 
 
 -leg. formerly ufed to find the altitude of the 
 fun at its rifing, in order to difcover its ampli- 
 tude, and the variation of the compafs. 
 
 ALMAGE'ST, S. [of alrr.agife, Arab, 
 which they fubftitutedin th;-ir tranflation for 
 Its title j-i;/Ta|iV ju^^iri, Or.] the name of a 
 ce'cbiated work of Ptolemi?, containing a col- 
 leftion of geometri:al problems, and aftrono- 
 mical obfervalions madr by the ancients, 
 
 A'LIvTANAC,or AL'MAN ACK, .S.[frotn 
 alm&r.ack, Fr. of cl, Arab, and tnanah, F-ieb. 
 but mod probably from al, maen, and acbtt, 
 Tcut.j a cable or calendar wherei > the days of 
 the weeks, fHfts,feftivals, changes of the moon, 
 variation of time between clocks and the fun, 
 scliplcs, t:meof hij.h water at London Bridge, 
 begin lines and endings of terms, Sfc. are noted 
 for the enfuing year. The modern almanack 
 refembles the fafti of the ancient Romans. As 
 the almanac-makers were formerly great ef- 
 poufers of judicial aftrology, or pretended to 
 predid future events by the Itars, Hen. 111. of 
 France, made an edlfl in i579> " That none 
 of that tribe fliould for the future prefume to 
 publi/h pred'flions relating to the afl'airs of 
 the ftate, or of private perfons, in terms either 
 txprefs or covert." 
 
 ALMA'NDIN, or ALMA'NDINE, S. 
 [alrr.and.r.e, Ital.J a precicu'; .lone, fomewhit 
 like tha ruby, but fouler and lighter than the 
 oriental, and rather refemblirig the granate in 
 celour. 
 
 ALMIG'HTINESS, S. \(rama'mlghtyini 
 «c/i] that attribute of the Deity, wherein he 
 is confidered as able to perform everything that 
 is the objedt of abfokite, perfcfl, uncontroul- 
 able, and infinite power; Omnipotence. 
 
 AL.Ml'GHTY, Adj. [formerly fpelt (J.'.'- 
 Kiighiy, from admigltig. Sax. from ad', Sax, 
 or liu, Goth, and niightyl that which is pof- 
 feffed of perfect, abfolu'.e, uncontroulable, or 
 unlimited power; that which can do every 
 thing that infinite wifdom can dictate, or in- 
 finite pov.cr can execute. "Lord almigh'y,')nik 
 and true nre thy ways." Re-v. xv. 3. and xvi.7. 
 
 A'LMOND, S. lamande, Fr. amanddj, 
 Ital. j a fruit containe'l in a ftone full of little 
 cellf, which is ir.clofidin a tough fkin. They 
 are divided into fweet and bitt;r, on account 
 of their difTcrcnt taftes. The French lapida- 
 ries give this name. Almonds, or .Amande?, 
 to tiiole pieces of rock cryftal which are cut 
 with'a whsel, into forms refembling this fruif, 
 and are ufcd to adorn chindeliersof glafs, and 
 other pieces of furniture made of glafs, or 
 chryllal. 
 
 A'LMOND.TREE, S. [from fl/W«</ and 
 tret] the tr.'e which beart almond?. 
 
 A'LMONDSoF theThroat, or TON- 
 SILS, improperly ililed Almonds of the eats. 
 See T0>;:,1LS. 
 
 A'LMONER, or A'LMNER, S. [amm. 
 Ker, fr. oi e'.eemojynarius, Lat. J a per Ion em- 
 ployed by a prince to diilribute his alms to 
 ihi puur, 
 
 A'LMO-
 
 A LO 
 
 A'LMONRY, S, [from almoner, the place 
 vherein the almoner keeps his office, or dif- 
 
 tributes the alms to the poor. 
 
 ALMO'ST, Adv. [al-n.eejl, Belg.] applied 
 to aflion, near performing it. " They be a!- 
 wo/2 ready to ftone me." Exod. xyn.^. Ap- 
 plied to number or mii!titi;de, a confiderabij 
 majority, liitle lefs than the whole. " Came 
 alu'oji the whole city together." u^B^y-va. 44. 
 Applied to tiine, very near ihe period men- 
 tioned. "When fevendays werea/w^/Zended." 
 A8s xxi. 27. Applied to the efteft of an argu- 
 ment, not far from perfuading, or convi£lion. 
 " ^-.ir.cj} thou perfuadeft me to be a Chrifti- 
 an." y:lBi xxvi. 28. 
 
 ALMOUCHI'QUOIS, S. a favage nation,, 
 near the river Chovocovet, and the illand Bac- 
 chus in Canada, North America, who (have 
 ihftir foreheads to the crown, wear long leeks 
 «n the hind part of their heads, tied in knots, 
 and adorned with feathers ; their faces are 
 painted red and black; they plant tobacco, 
 iiave great plenty of wines, and do not quit 
 their fettlements, like the other favages. 
 
 ALMS, S. [never ufed but in the plura', of 
 'tbntiy or dmejj'e, Sax. from Ef^eny-oTWi, Irom 
 EXiii?, Cr.j money, or other necefiaries given 
 to relieve the necelTities of the poor and dif- 
 trefled, including in it a tender fympathy in 
 their afflirtions, and a pious readinefs to re- 
 lieve thsm. " Do not your a/nu before men." 
 Mett. vi. I. 
 
 A'LME-EASKCT, S. [from a/ywand bjf- 
 ket] a bafketcanied about, in t'oreign coun'rics, 
 to collect provifions, and other aim.-, i.jr the 
 benefit of a convent, or religiiius hoLfe. 
 
 A'LMS-DEED, S. [from alms and deed] an 
 a(f> of charity ; or fomething done out of com- 
 p.'Hii-n, 10 relieve the diltrelles and wants of 
 others. 
 
 A'LFv'tS-GlVER, S. [from alin% and give] 
 one who IS charitable ; or is fond of relieving 
 \hi necelfities of the poor, 
 
 A'LMS-HOUSE, S. [from alms and houje] 
 a houfe endowed by legacies, or other dona- 
 tions, for the indging and fupport of the de- 
 cayed, and poor. 
 
 A'LMS-lV'ftK, S. [from alms and man] a 
 man wh"^ is lupporied by charity or alms ; one 
 who belongs to an alms-houfe, a.Td wea:s the 
 gown apprciprla'ed to it. " My gay apparel for 
 an alw.i-mahz gown." iihakefp. Pich. II, 
 
 A'i.KAGER, A'LNEGER,or AU'LNE 
 GER, S. [from aulnage or aunage, Fr.] in its 
 primary fignification, a meafurer by the ell ; 
 applied to an officer who is to Inlpedl the fize 
 cf woollen cloth throughout the land, with 
 refpeft to the length, breadth, fabric, and the 
 feals ordain. d for that purpofe. But the ainager, 
 at trefcnt, feems to be only the colltdlorot 
 the duty granted to the kin^ for that com- 
 modity ; and the other branches of his office 
 are fupplied by two oher per.ons, nan)fly a 
 feaichev and mt^aUjrer. 
 
 A'LOES, i.[acbalQS, Ksb. *>m, Or. alee. 
 
 A L O 
 
 Lat-] this word is applied to a tree^ a plan*, 
 and a medicinal juice extrafted from the plant. 
 The wood grows in China, in the kingdom 0/ 
 Lao, and in Cochin China. It is a large tree, 
 or at leaf! about the fize of the olive, refembles 
 it likewife in its leaves, and its fruit is red, 
 like a cherry. The wood of the trunk is of 
 three colours j under the bark it is black and 
 heavy ; the next wood is of a tanned colour, 
 lieh', an J refembles rotten wood ; but the heart 
 is tiiB tambac, or calembac, which is dearer in 
 the Indies than gold itfelf, and was reckoned 
 by the Siamc'e the moft valuable prefcnt they 
 could make to Louis XIV. Tavernier fays, 
 he faw at Ifaphan, a log of this wood, about 
 fix feet Ion J, and two in compafs, which coft 
 40,000 pardoes, or 5.1,000 French livres. 
 
 ALOE'TIC, Adj. [from^tej that which 
 confids of aloes. 
 
 ALGE'TICAL, Adj. [from akei] medi- 
 cines compofed of aloes. 
 
 ALO'FT, Adv. [lofier, Dan.] in the air, 
 in Cfpofition to the ground ; on high ; above. 
 " Love ha? wings, and foars akft,^^ 
 
 AL'ON.E, Adv, [from al-ecr, oxalUen, Belg. 
 alleln, Teut. or all and ain, Goth,] without 
 a companion, " It is not good for man to be 
 alove.'" Gen. ii. 18, V/ithout any afTif^ance. 
 Ejcclufively of all others ; folely. 
 
 AL'ONG, Adv. [au Icngiis, Tr. al lungt, 
 Ital.J at fi4l length ; pruftrate on the ground. 
 Motion or p rogr er/. on, meafuied lengthwife. 
 Ufed with .a//, for a ro!itiriu,ince, or during a 
 whole fpace of time. Througliout, or from 
 ons end to the other, applied to writings. 
 After cowe, it implies attendsiice, and encou- 
 ragement to proceed. 
 
 A.LO'OF, Adv. [from all of the Sax. aeU, 
 Goih. or all a.nd (ff,] ufed w'th the particle 
 from, zx. a diftaiicc which is within fight. 
 When applied to perfons, ic implies a diflance 
 occafioncd by cution and circumfpeflion. At 
 a djftance, fo as not to :\; pear as a principal, 
 or party in any defign. Not connefted with 5 
 having no relation to. Among failors, the 
 fame as keep your luff; a word which implies, 
 that the perlon at the helm, is to keep the 
 fhip near the wind, when failing on a quart,;r 
 wind, 
 
 ALOPE'CIA, S. [from aX^Tr-i?, a fox, be- 
 caufe that animal is fnppofed to be very much 
 ;.;bjt<rt to this diilempei j adiftemfr, whereirJ 
 ali, or a great part of the hair fills off'. 
 
 ALO'iE, S. a fi(h, refembling ihe fardine^ 
 which grows to the fize of a filrnon, called a 
 Fifh of Paffjge, or, of a feafon, becaufe it 
 never appears in rivers, but in the fpring. 
 
 ALO'L'D, his. [from a and bud,] with art 
 increafcd flicngth of voice, fo as to affe£l the 
 ear more ftrongly, or to be heard at a great dif- 
 tance. With a great noife. " Strangled he 
 lies, yet fcems to cry aloud.'''' Waller. 
 
 ALO'W, Adv. [from a and kiu, by poe- 
 tical liberty inftcad of helow] in a low pldce j 
 near the ground, in oppofition tu aloft, or 
 2 above< 

 
 ALP 
 
 isVove. " And now alow and now aJoft they 
 fly." Dryd. 
 
 ' ALPA'GNA, S. an animal refsmbling fb-^ 
 ib'mns and v.gognaB, which the Peruvians ufe 
 as a bead of butthen, anJ make it carry lOO 
 v.t. Ot' its wool they make itufi's, ropes, and 
 basis; of its bone, tools for v'L"aversj and of 
 
 ALP 
 
 The Chinefe were formerly fiippofeJ to have 
 no alphabet, property fpeakinf, as having 
 only hierogiyphicj, which flood for whole 
 words, and amounted to i^o.ooo ; but an in- 
 genious profellbr of the French academy ha* 
 lately demonftrated the Chinefe themfeives ta 
 have been a colony of the Egyptians, that thejr 
 
 its excrements, fires, bo:h for their chambers i derived their language from that fertile fource 
 
 and kitchens 
 
 A'LPHA, S. [derived from the aleph, 
 Heb. to learn, wh-.rce it was ufed to fignify 
 ihe leader, or fiift of a company; in whicii 
 fenfe the Jews called the firil letter of their 
 Alphabet, aUph ; the Syrians, olal^h; the 
 Arabians, elifjb ; and the Greeks alpha] the 
 firfi: letter of (he Greek al^h.ibet, which like- 
 wife ftanding for one among their numerals, is 
 ufed figurativelyto (ignily the firftin order of 
 t.rne, &c. as owfja, tne lafl letter in their al- 
 phjber, fignifiis ihe laft j in al'ufion to this, 
 Chrilt fays, in Rev. vii. S, II. xxi. 6. and 
 jcxii, 13. " I am A'pha and Omega.'''' In com- 
 pofition it fignifits negJi'on, or denying the 
 len!e which the word wuuld bear without it. 
 Truij B-'.T^y Gr. is fnmething acreffible ; but 
 wiien the a is prefixed to it, as inaSal©', Gr. 
 it fignifies a dental <.-f what is fi^nified before ; 
 and implies that the tnin^ is not acceffible, or 
 is inaccefTible. 
 
 A'LFHABET, S. [from alpha and beta, 
 the two firft letters of the Greek, of aiepb, 
 arid beth, the two firft of the Hebrews a 
 table of all the letters which compofe the 
 fyilables in any lanou.ige, and are marks to 
 convey the fimple founds made ufe of in 
 forming words. Moderns have found great 
 fault with thofe that are now in ufe, charg- 
 ing them v^ith being inaccurate, precarious, 
 arid ccnfufed ; redundant in allotting difFereru 
 Jetters to the fame found, and deficient in 
 
 of knowledge, which watered the whole 
 world, and that their fuppofed charadlers are 
 not liierogiyphics, but combinations of letters, 
 vvhich he has refolved into their primitive 
 element'^, and fhewn tc* be the ancient letters 
 of the Egyptians, thought very much altered 
 by time, corrupted by ignorance; and oblite- 
 rated for wanr of tracing them fOoner to their 
 origin. Alphabet, in Commerce,. is an inde< 
 ufed by merchants and traders, having the 
 twenty-four letters, in their natural order, 
 affi.ved to different leases, in which they feC 
 down the fyrnames and chriftiart names of 
 thofe with whom they open accounts, with 
 references to the folio, in which fuch accounts 
 are opened. 
 
 To A'LFHABET, V, A. [from alphabet 
 the fubft.J to range in the order of the aU 
 ohahet. 
 
 A'LPHABETIC, or'ALPH ABE'TICAL, 
 Adj. [from alphabet] placed in thefameordet 
 as in the alphabet. 
 
 ALPHABETICALLY, Adv. [from al- 
 phabet'ical and ly\ in the fame order as in 
 the alphabet. " A di£lionary, alphabetically 
 containing the words of the language." 
 HoUer. 
 
 A'LPH^NIX, S. [of al and phcenix^ 
 i e. the phcenixj a name given to white 
 oarley fugar, in order to enhance its fuppofed 
 alue, 
 
 ALPHE'TA,S. in Agronomy. SeeLAU- 
 
 n'ol having letter^ enough to exprefs all the 5 DA COflONA. 
 
 varieties of found, which arife from the dif- } ALPHO'NSINE, S; [from A'phonfus Fere- 
 ferent combinations wf vo'ivels and confonants. I /r/tfj, its inventor] in Surgery, an inurumenC 
 To obviate thefe defefts, fom3 very ingenious 1 made ufe &f to e>;tra£l bullets, confiding of 
 
 perfons liave undertaken the coaflruition of 
 new alphabets j but as they have appeared 
 rather fpecious than uferul, they have never 
 had the luck to recommend themfeives to 
 pradicp, or to mike their way into the 
 world further than in a volume by which 
 they were communicated. The number of 
 letters in the alphabet ditlers in mod of the 
 languages we know ofj the Englifh have 
 taenty-fix ; the French tvveniy-three ; the 
 Ilebrc'.v, Syriac, ChalJjir, and Samari'an, 
 twenty-two eich ; the Arabic twenty- ;ight ; 
 , the Perfiari thirty-oiie ; the Turkifti thirty- 
 three; the Georgian tliirty-fix J the Coptic 
 thirty-two; the Mufcovi^ns forty-three ; the 
 Greek twenty-four; the Latin twenty-two; 
 the S^lavoni- twe.nty-feven ; the Saxon 
 t'Venry-tour 5 the Goihic twenty-five ; the 
 IfiandiC twenty. two; the Dutch twenty- 
 fi:c ; the Spanifli twenty-feven ; the Italian 
 ffwerjty j ;he /liihiofic two hundred and two. 
 
 three branches, which are clofed together bv a 
 ring that Aides Ofer them. -B'lb, Anatom. Med, 
 
 t- '■ S'7- •■ • . 
 
 ALFHO'NTSO, Adj. [!^rom A'phonfo] ini 
 Aftionomy, applied to the tables of Ptolsmy's 
 Alma,iell:, corrected by Alphonfo XII. king 
 ofCallile. 
 
 ALPHO'S, or ALPHU'S, S. [from aXfai- 
 ?■/.', Gr. from, its changing the colour ot the 
 ilvinj in Medicine, a diftemper, in which the 
 n<in becomes rou^h, and variegated with 
 white foot«. 
 
 A'LPINE, Adj. [alpinu!, Lat.] that whicH 
 may be met with on the Alps. 
 
 ALPl'STLE, or ALPIA, S. a kind of 
 feed of an oval figure? of a pale yellow, in- 
 clining to a fable colour; bright and gloiTy ) 
 made ufe of to feed birds wiihj when intc.id- 
 ed for breeding. 
 
 ALPS, 3. {Alpcs, Lit. it has c.-> fmgu- 
 lar] a long chain of mountains, beeiniiing 
 t at
 
 ALT 
 
 at the mouth of the Varo in Piedmont, «ni^ 
 terminating at the Gulph of Carnaro, which 
 is part of the Gulph of Venice. Thele 
 mountains divide Italy from France, Switzer- 
 land, and Germany 5 have but few pafTcs, of 
 very difficult accels, if not imprafticable, 
 and are on that account a great fecurity to 
 Piedmont from France. Hannibal the fa- 
 mous Carthaginian, loft moft of his elephants 
 in attempting the paffage ; and is leported to 
 have made his way through fome part of them, 
 by making a road with boiling vinegar. 
 
 A'LQUIR, S. called alfoCANTAn, a li- 
 quid meafure, ufed in Portugal for oil, con- 
 taining fix canadars or cavadas, Lilcewife- a 
 dry meafure for grain at Lifbon, two and an 
 half of which is an Engliih bufiiel. 
 
 ALRE'ADV, Adj. pronounced as if the a 
 was dropped, [alree^, Belg. from al! of the 
 Saxon ac//and all, Goth, and ready] the time 
 prefent j even now. " Methinks already I your 
 tears furvey." Pope. Before the prefent time; 
 3n a time part. *' V/hich hath already been 
 anfvvered." Hooker. 
 
 A'LSH AM, A'Y LSH AM,or A'LESH AM, 
 S. [ai alyfjan, Sax. to redeem, and ham, Sax. 
 a fuffrage] a market town in Norfolk on the 
 river Yare, noted for knitters. The manor 
 of Sextons is held from hence by the will of 
 the lord. Its fairs for lean cattle, ordinary 
 horfes, &c. are on March 23, and the laft 
 Tuefday in September. It lies 117 miles from 
 London. 
 
 A'LSO, Conjun£t. [aljii-a. Sax. al'-fco, 
 Belg. j it is ufed to fhew, that what had been 
 affirmed of one fentenceor perfon, holds good 
 of the fucceedir.g part of the period, and of 
 another perfon, " Surely thon alfo was one 
 of them." Matt. xxvi. 33. In the fame 
 manner; likewife. When at the end of a 
 fentence or ?• period, it implies befides. " Suc- 
 courer of many and of myfclf a^f'i." Rom, 
 xvi. 7. 
 
 A'LTAR, S. [ahare, Lat, as Junius ob- 
 ferves, adopted into all languages, on the 
 eftabllfhment of Chriftianity, and varied 
 according to the difi't-rent dialefls cf the 
 country] a kind of t.'ble, or raifed place ; 
 ■whereon the ancient f.crifices v. ere ofTcred. 
 " There Abraham built an a/.'d/- to the Lord." 
 Since the eftablifhment of Chiiltl<.nity, that 
 place of the Aurch, where the coinmuniyn 
 is received, or the table on which the vafes 
 and the elements of bread and wine are 
 placed; figuratively, Chrift himfelf, to whom 
 •we bring all cur offerings and fervices. 
 Among the ancient Remans the altar wai 
 a kind of pedeftal, either fquare, round, 
 or triangular, adorned with fculptures and 
 infciiption*. In Aftronomy, a conftellation 
 cf the fouthern hemifplisre, confifting of fcven 
 ftars. 
 
 A'LTAR-CLOTH, S. [from fi!tar and 
 t^otb] the cloth v.hich immediately covers tiic 
 communion Ubie. 
 
 ALT 
 
 To A'LTER, V. A. [allerer, Fr. from 
 aiter, L^t, another] to change ; to make a 
 hing different from what it is j ufed both 
 ot a part and the whole of a thing, and ap- 
 plied both in a good and bad fenfe. " He 
 (hall not a/ter it a good for a bad." Lev. 
 xxvii. 10. To vary, or differ in fenfe ; to cor- 
 rupt the fenfe of an author or period, by crazing 
 fome of his words, or adding and changing 
 them for others. Ufed neuterly, to change; 
 to become different from what it has been s 
 "The wcilhti alters," " His countenance 
 altered.'''' 
 
 A'LTERABLE, Adj. [from alter and ahl. 
 Sax. implying poflibility, or power, alterable, 
 Fr.] that which may be changed, or be 
 itiadc to appear different from what it is. 
 
 AL'TERABLENESS, S. [from alterable, 
 and nefs, Goth.] the quality of being 
 changed ; or liable to have its prefent proper- 
 ties and appearancec hanged by external or in- 
 ternal caufes. 
 
 AL'TERABLY, Adv. [from alterable, 
 and ly of lie, Sax,] in a manner that will 
 admit of changes. 
 
 A'LTER ANT, Adj. or Part, [alterant, 
 Fr.] that which has the power of producing 
 changes in a body, 
 
 ALTERA'TION, S. [alteyathr., Fr.] the 
 aft of changing the form, or purport of a 
 writing; the fhape and other qualities of a 
 body; the properties and faculties of the 
 mind, and making them different from what 
 they vfere. The change itfelf, or the ftate 
 of a thing changed. 
 
 AL'TERATIVE, Adj [from ^/r«r] that 
 which has the power of making changes. In 
 Medicine, fuch remedies as produce a change 
 in the humours of the body, without any ap- 
 parent operation. 
 I To A'LTERCATE, V. N. {altercor, 
 Lat.] to wrangle, or contend with another ; 
 to clifpute. 
 
 ALTERCA'TION, S. [altercatlo, Lat. 
 altercation, Fr.] a debate or difpute, on any 
 fiibjeft, between friends, incluoing a warm 
 efpoufal or defence of the contraiy fide of a 
 queftion, but liot fo great as what is involved 
 in the idea of a quarrel. " Little elfe than 
 a perpetual wrangling and altercat'ion.'"'' Haks- 
 luell en Pi crc. 
 
 . ALTE'RN. Adj. {altemus, Lat.] in Trigo- 
 nometry, the bafe, fo called, is either the 
 fum., or oifFcrence of the fidt-a of an oblique 
 triaogle; if the true bafe is the fiim, the 
 alcern bafe ii. the difference; but if the true 
 bafe be the diiT.-rance, the altern bafe is the 
 fum of th-i fiJes,. 
 
 ALTE'RN, S. \_al3rnui, Lat.] that which 
 fucceeds anotliec by turns; fuscefiive, or al- 
 icrnatelv; that which loHows by fucceffion. 
 ALTE'RNACY, S. [from a:terr.cte\ the 
 fuctciiion or following of o:-e afiion alter ano- 
 ihc! in its turn, 
 
 ALTE'RN.'^TE, Adj. laltor.xn, Lat.J 
 
 things
 
 ALT 
 
 things which fucceed or follow one another bv 
 turns ; fucceflive. i" Bid aberrate pafliojis fd|} 
 and rife." Pope. In llotany, applied to the 
 pofition of the leaves of a plant, it implies 
 that the leaves on e^ch (ide of the flalk, or 
 branch, do not ftand diredlly onpofire, but be- 
 tween, OT a little higher, than each other. 
 In Geometry, applied to angles, it figiiifies 
 the internal ones, and is mude by a line cut- 
 ting two parallels, and lying on oppofice fidts 
 of it. Alternate, in Heraldry, is applied to 
 the (ituation of the qu-irters of a coat ; thus, 
 in quarterly, ecarteW, the firft and fourth are 
 alternate, and of the fame nature. 
 
 ALTE'RNATE, S. laltenu^, Lat.J that 
 which follows another in fucceiTion, or by 
 turns; viciliitude, 
 
 ALTE'RNATELY, Adv. {homahermte, 
 and ly of lie, Sax.j in fuch a manner that the 
 thing which precedes ftiall follow that which 
 comes after it. Thu', when we fay, that 
 darknefs follows light, and light darknefs, 
 they are faid to follow esch other alternately. 
 ALTE'RNATENESS, S. ffrom alternate, 
 and nefs, of nes, tiejje, nyj/e, Sax. or A'S, Goth.j 
 the quality whereby things mutually precede 
 and lucceed each oiher 5 or fometimes go be- 
 fore, and lometimes follow each o'her. 
 
 ALTERNATION, S. ffrom alt^r.^atel a 
 fucceflion, wherein that which preceded re- 
 turns again, after fame period or vicifRtude. 
 *' The defeft of aitemation would utterly im- 
 pugn the generation of all things." Browni 
 Vul.Err. In Arithmetic, the different changes, 
 alterations of place, or combinatioris, that any 
 propofcd numbers are capable of; which is 
 found by a continual multiplication of ail the 
 numbers beginning at unity, and ending with 
 the laft number of the things to be varied. 
 
 ALTE'RNATIVE, S. [from alternate, of 
 ohernut, Lat.J a choice of two things, where- 
 by, if one be rejected, the other muft be ac- 
 cepted. 
 
 ALTE'RNATIVELY, Adv. [from aher- 
 nati-ve and /y] in fuch a manner, that the 
 thing or perfon which goes before, fliall re- 
 turn again in fuccefiion, or io as to follow 
 that which it preceded } by turns j mututilly ; 
 reciprocally. 
 
 ALTE/RNITY, S, [from ahem] a ftate 
 wherein there is a continual/ucceflion,chan£e, 
 or viciffitude. 
 
 ALTH^'A, S, [fronfi cXflaia, Cr. of aX- 
 fiaivai, to healj in Botany, the marlh-m.illow. 
 ALTHO'UGH, Adv. [pronounced as it 
 written alt ho" from all and though, of theah. 
 Sax. doch, Belg. and Tcut.] ufed to imply 
 that a thing or conciufion may be allowed and 
 maintained, notwithftandii,g fomelhing (cem- 
 ingly inconfiftent had been allowed, admitted, 
 or granted : Notwithftanding. 
 
 ALTIME'TRY, S. [aX-rifAir^M, Or. from 
 ahus, Lat. high, and /xn iai, Gr. to meafuicj 
 the art of taking, ormeafuring heightSj whe- 
 ther accefiibic or injcccifibls. 
 
 ALTITUDE, S. [ahltudo, Lat.] helrbf, 
 or ihe dift.mce of any thing from the ground 
 meai'ured upwards. " Ten malls attached, 
 make not the ahituJe." Hhakefp. Lear. Su- 
 peiiority of dignity ; or height of preferment. 
 Applied to virtue, the highert: pitch of per- 
 Icdlion. " Even to the altitude of his virtue." 
 •^lakcjp. Cor'iol. In Geometry, the height of 
 a body above the ground, or the horizon. Al- 
 thucie uf the eye, in Pcrfpeftive, a right line, 
 let f^ll perpendictiLr to thegeometrical plane. 
 Altuude of a figure, is the length of a per- . 
 pendkular line let fill from the vertex to the 
 bafe, i. e, from the top to the bottom. A-t't^ 
 tilde of things on the furface of the earth is 
 divided into acceJfthU and inaccejjlhle. AcceJJlbU _ 
 s that whofe bafe )ou can approach, fo as to 
 meaiure your diftance between your ftation and 
 the ofejea on the ground. Inr.acccJfiLh al'.itudi 
 is that whofe foot or bottom cannot be ap-, 
 proached, on account of fomething interven- 
 ing. Altitude, in Aftronomy, or the height 
 ot atiy object above the horizon, is divided 
 into real or apparent. Aiparent altitude is tha 
 arch of a vertical cir;le, intercepted betweea 
 the fenfible horizon and the center of the ob- 
 je£t. Real o\ true althude, is the arch of a 
 vertical circle, intercepted between the center 
 ot anobjeft and the rational horizon. . Mtri- 
 dian altitude of the fun, &c. is an arch of the 
 meridian, iniercepted between the horizon 
 and the center of an objeft. Altitude cf tht 
 pale, is the height of the pole above the ho- 
 rizon, or an arch oi the meridian, intercepted 
 between the pole and the horizon. Altitude 
 of the equinoSiial, is its elevation above the 
 horizon, and is always equal to the comple- 
 ment of the altitude of the pole. Altitude of 
 the nonagefimal degne, is its hr^ight, counted 
 from the place where it rifes. Parallax of 
 altitude, is an arch of a vertical circle, inter- 
 cepted between the true and obferved place of 
 a ftar, or other objea. Altitude of motion, 
 according to Dr. Wailis, is the meafure of 
 any motion, computed accoi ding to the line of 
 direflion of the moving force. 
 
 A'LTO-RELIEVO, S. See RELIEVO. 
 
 ALTOGE'THER., Adv. [aHis, Giuh. mid 
 ealle, cetgcederc, all and togagedere. Sax. alkga- 
 der, B'.lg, of aell, and gader, Belg. to join] 
 entirely, without any excsption, applied to 
 number and quality. " Man, at his beft ef- 
 tate is altogether vanity." Plalm xxxix. 5. 
 in alliefpettsj perfc^ijy. In company; with- 
 out fcpa'-aing; in a body. 
 
 A'LUDEL, S. [tiom a privative, and lu' 
 turn, luting, i. e. without luting j in Cho- 
 miftry, a range of earthen pots without bot- 
 toms, fitted into t-ach lothflr without luting. 
 
 ALVJ: A/RIUM, S. [Lat. from al'vcus^ 
 a channel, and auri%, the ear] in .'VnatoiEy, 
 that cavity of the outer ear ia which the wax 
 is lodged. 
 
 ALVE'OLI, S, [Lat. a diminutive of a> 
 vius, Lilt, a cavity or channvij ia Anatomy,
 
 A U A 
 
 the foctetsin the jaw-bone which eontain the 
 taeth, and a'e lined with a nervot.s mtm- 
 brane, v^rappint; itfelf about the ends of the 
 lAeth, of exqiiifi'tt fenfs, and the feat of pain 
 in the tooth- Ache. 
 
 A'LUM, S. [a?umfn, Lat.] a kind of nni 
 reral fjlt, of an acid tjfte. See ALLUM. 
 
 ALU'jMINOUS, Adj. [from ^/.vmM, Lat.] 
 that which refembles alium in its properties^ 
 or conftfts of aihi^Ti. 
 
 ALU'M-.'iTONE, S. [from ^r/^w 3ndy?5fff] 
 a flone or calx, of a cormfu'e natnrt;, iifed to 
 confiime the fungous excrefcences, or proud 
 fyefh of wounds. 
 
 ALWAYS, Ad». [ahvo'ga, Sax. akvrg, 
 Celg.] applied to action, without ceafing or 
 intermiffion j cotitinually. 
 
 A. M. an abbieviation, before the date of 
 the year, for anno ir.i/iyii, or the year ot the 
 \*orirl J and, alter the name of a pcrfon, for 
 (trt'ium ma^jjhr, or niafter of arts. 
 
 AM, V. Sub. [of en, eatr, and am, Sax. 
 the firft perfon of /•«:«, Sjx. to be, or exiftj 
 ■wlieti ufed fingly, it implies exigence : fol- 
 lowing ivhat, it implies nature : " Knowing 
 tvhat I cm.'" Prior. Applie;! to plr.ce, it fg- 
 iiifie"; prefence: "Where /aw, there fhall 
 my fervants be," J-bti x\\. zj- Applied 'o 
 truths, it implies affirmation: " Jelus laid, 
 } am the bread of Jife." John vi. 35. When 
 repeated, it 'implies felt ai'd indcpendant ex- 
 jficnce, or a being which is the uncreated 
 iouTce of the exift-nre of ali other beings. 
 
 AMADO^W, S. [Tei'.t.j a kind of black 
 inatcli, tinder, or touchwood, which comes 
 from Germany, m.'de of a fpongy excrei- 
 cence growing on old trees, fuch as oak and 
 
 AMA'IN, Adv. [from a and wjrf'ff'^n. Sax. 
 with 3I! one's ftrength] with all one's torce, 
 or ftrengrh, applied to a£\ion: " We fied a- 
 r^ain." M'Jron. Applied to the voice, ex- 
 tremely loud, or as loud as pofilble. 
 
 AMA'LGAM, or AMA'LGAMA, S. 
 from a[ji.a, Gr. and ysjCtEfV, Gr, to marry] in 
 chemiftry, a fubftance produced by incorpo- 
 rating quickfilver wit'n a metal j which is ex 
 prefTed by thechefnifts thus A. A. A. 
 
 To AMA'LGAMATE, V. [See AMA'L- 
 GAMj to incorporate metah with quick- 
 filver. 
 
 AiMA'LGAMATlOy, S. [from amal- 
 gamate] the mixing or incorporating quick 
 /dver with othtfr metals. 
 
 AMANUE'NSIS, S. [Lat. from a, rr.ar.us, 
 J,at. a hand, and erfa, Lat. a fword, or in- 
 ftrument] a perfon who writes down wh-it 
 is di£>atcd by another j likewife a perlon who 
 copies wiifing«, or writes extrjfts from books, 
 
 AMARA'NTH, S. [avaravtbus, fiom « 
 Gr. ncgaiivr, and /^-'fx;>a', Gr, to wither, be- 
 cauie the flowers when cropped donot wither, 
 but retain their colour for fome time after] in 
 potany, amaranth, or fiowe'-centle. It has 
 Wale ami ;'ejBtle ficvjtj in ike f^me pljwt. 
 
 A LI A 
 
 There are four'??n fpecies. In Poetry, it Is 
 u'ed for an imaginary flower, which never 
 (iic^. " Immortal amaranth." Par, Loji. 
 in Dying, a colcur which inclines io purple, 
 a fpecies of red, fu called, becaufc it refemhleJ 
 hat ot the flower iufr mentioned. 
 
 AMARA'NTHINE, Adj, [Worn amaranth, 
 ani err, S<x.J compo eJ of amaranth. 
 
 To AMA'SS, V. A. {amaf(r, Fr.] to ga- 
 ther together, fo as to fo'm a mafs or heap, 
 " To anujfs riches." /htub. Figuratively, to 
 •lay up; or (lore in the memory, wi'h great 
 alrduity, and litle difcretion. To colle£l to- 
 gether m great quantities. 
 
 AMA'SSMENT, S. [from aws/j] a ccl- 
 leflion of thines heaped together, 
 
 AMA'TORY, S, \amator\us, Lat. frooi 
 aim, to lovcj in Anatomy, a tcm applied rr; 
 the obliqui loperinr and inferior, from their 
 drawing the eye hde-wsys, and alTifting in 
 that particular look termed ogling. 
 
 AMOURO'SIS, S. [ay.2t;;.v5-;c, Gr. from 
 af/.avpi)j Gr. to darken] in Medicine, a dim- 
 nefs of f'ghr, wherein the eye, to external ap- 
 pearance, feems to be unaff-dled. 
 
 To AMA'ZE, V, A. [from mifen, Belg. 
 to wander, or mafe, Sax. a whirlpool] to flrike 
 with allonifhment. To beconfnfed, or thrown 
 into perplexity, by fome fudden change of 
 addrcfs. 
 
 AMA'ZE, S. [S-e AMAZE, the verb] 
 af^onifhment, or perplexity, caufed by an un- 
 expected objeft, whether good or bad ; in the 
 tormer cafe it is mixed with admiration, in the 
 latter with fear. 
 
 AMA'ZEDLY, Adv. [from amazed and 
 /y] in a manner exprefTive of furprize or afto- 
 nifhment on the appearance of fomething un- 
 expedled. 
 
 AMA'ZEDNESS, S. \fTom amaxed and 
 nefs] the Hats of a perfon'smind when afFeft- 
 ed with furprize, aftonifhment, confufion, or 
 perptrxitv. 
 
 AMA'ZEMENT, S. [from amaze] con- 
 fufion ; perplexity ; adiniration ; furprize. 
 
 AM ADZING, Part, [from an-azc] that 
 which caufes furprize, aftonifiiment, oradmi- 
 rjtion. 
 
 AMA'ZINGLY, Adv. [from amazing 
 and /y] in a manner capable of exciting dfto- 
 nifhment, wonder, or admiiation j prodi- 
 gioully; furprizingly. 
 
 A'M.ASON, S. [from a, Gr. negstivr^ 
 and fACL^o-, a breafi:]' one of tbofe women, 
 who compoicd lire nation fo called, who are 
 fiippofed to have dw^-Jt near the river Ther- 
 modoon, on the BUck Sea. They are re- 
 ported to have compofed a nation of them- 
 frlves, exclufive of male?, and to have de- 
 rived their name from cutting oti one of their 
 brcalls, that it mi^ht not hinder the citercife 
 of their arm?, and Ikswife that it might add, 
 according to HiDpocnte', ftrength to that fide 
 v.'hich fofTired the arnputation. Flowevar, it 
 I niull l>c faid, thi-; the reality of fuwh a .•iati<yt\ 
 
 krs
 
 A J.I B 
 
 ll-asbeen v"r3' warmly difputed both by ancients 
 and moderns. This term is I'i.ewire given to 
 a celebrated river, called likewile the Marag- 
 Bon, in America. It received its firft name, 
 i. e. the river of the Amazons, tVom the ufual 
 ciiftom of the women aitcndiny iheir iiuiliands 
 to wur, either to animate them by tlielr words, 
 or affift them by their prefcnce ; a^; was cnm- 
 mon in the early ages, n-^t 0):ly amoiiR 
 the Gauls, but hkewite among ourfelves in 
 England. 
 
 AMBVGES, S. [Lat. from a;u-;<.', Gr. 
 
 A LI B 
 
 the rpirlts, and accelerate their motions. 
 
 A'iVBER SEED, S. called likewile mufk, 
 Ofed, is i)roduced from a plant, both in th« 
 Antilles and in E^ypt. In a good foil it 
 fMov.? fix or feven feet high, if it be near 
 fome t-ee to fupport it. The feed rcfembles 
 millet, is cordial, and gives the breath an 
 ayreeabie fcent after eating. 
 
 A'M[JER-TREE, S. [from ^«*^rand fw] 
 by Bijl«n\i\s, ftiled fruto: yjfriccimts ambiam 
 ri>lravs, rr tlie Afiic^in fhrub, exhaling an 
 odour icfi:mbli/i^ amber. Its chief beauty 'm 
 
 about, and a70, Lat. to lead] a round about its Ini ill over-;ireen leaves, which, when rua- 
 way of exprcffion j a method of relating any bed between the hands, emit a fragrance i«- 
 fuhjecl, wherein the nair itive is not conduft- 1 fembi ng arr.her. ' 
 
 ed directly to the point. Circumlocutions. AM iSlDE'XTEIv, S. [Lat. from amhsf 
 
 AMBASSA'DE, S. [ambt'Jfade, Fr.j the both, snd dexter, Lat. the right handj a per- 
 cffice of a pcrfon who is commifTioned to| f<>n who can ufe both hands equally. " J'o 
 negotiate the affairs of a f.ate in foreijin par^s. I give a realon of amhldixters and left-handed 
 
 AMBA'SSADOR, S, [an:b,:Jhdeur, Fr. im-n." Br'.ivnWwg Err. One who would 
 dwj^iirrti^r, Span.] a perfon fciit by a prince occafiorjally engage in parties diametrically 
 or ftate into that of a foreign one, as (heir | oppofite. 
 
 reprefcntative, to traufafl: fuch aft'iirs ao con- j AMBlDE'XTERITy, S. [from aml'tdex- 
 cern the public. Their perfons hive always umVjj, Lat. the power of being able to uf? 
 been efteemed i.nvii.lable : and, by the civil bo'.h hands equally. Double-dealing. 
 law, their moveables, efpeciaily fuch as are AT-.IBIDE'XTROUS, Adj [from amhi- 
 deemed an acceiiion to their perfon, cannot I (/i.',rffrj he who can maice ufe of either hand 
 be feized on, either as a pledge or payment of inniiierently. Adopting the fentiments of 
 a debt, by order of execution or judgment, or i contrary parties. 
 
 by leave of the ftate wherein they refide. In 
 a fecondary fenle, it implies any p-^rfon fent on 
 a mefFage, even by a private perfon ; a mei- 
 fenger. 
 
 AMB A'SSADRESS, S, {arnk-,pdrke, Fr.] 
 in its primitive fenfe, the wife, or lady of an 
 amVialTador : in a fecondary one, a woman 
 fent on a mel'age. 
 
 AMBa'SSAGE, S. [amiqfjge, Fr.] the 
 employ or office of a perlon acting as an arn 
 baiTador. 
 
 A'MBE, S. [Gr. a commander] in Sur- 
 gery, the /wime of an in'irument made ufe of 
 
 AMBIDE'XTROUSNESS, S. [from £;»:. 
 
 l.Jextrcus and nefs, of r.es, re!Je, riy£'e, or A^V, 
 Goih. j the quality of beinc ub!e lo ufe either 
 hand v.'iih equal eafe, or the engaging with dif- 
 ferent parties withour fcrunle; double-dealins;. 
 A'MBIENT, Part, [from anMens, l\-.rt. cf 
 imt'io, La', to lurroimdj that which covers 
 every psrt, that whicli tncompalies or fuf- 
 rounds. 
 
 AMBI'GENAL, A.'j. [from awii, of e/.i- 
 
 'N, Gr. about, and y:\:a-j.a.i, Gr. to bej in 
 
 L'thematics, a name applied by Sir Il'iac 
 
 I Newton, to one of tiie triuli hyperholas of 
 
 fpr reducing Jjflocdtt^d bones, ih't is, fuch as i the i'ccond order : one of the infinite k-gi; of 
 
 are out III joint. 
 
 A'MBEk, S. \amhrt, Fr. amhra, It.] a 
 kind ot gum, or rofin, found iti the Balic, 
 an llie coall of Pru/Tia. The piiyfical quali- 
 ties of this fubft-ance have recommended it in 
 funuijation to remove dtfluxii^n?, and in pow- 
 i.KX as an al'erative, ahtorocnt, fwceteJier, 
 aftrinaent, liiiiontripic, diuretic, &:c. 
 
 ATvIBER, Adj. th^t which is made of 
 amber. " Atnber bracelets, beads, and all 
 bis knavery." Shakcfp. That which is of a 
 y-ilow crilov.'r, and tranfpsrent, refembling 
 ainuer \n thole refpt-iJts. *' All your clear 
 tLHiLe'- drink is flat." Mac, 
 
 A'MDERGRIS, S. [from amber zni grh, 
 grey, amhra g^ng'ia, Ital J a fragrant diug of a 
 luety fubftance, not ponderous, of an a(h co- 
 lour, varegated like marble, fometinies mark- 
 ed with white foecks, and melts like wax. 
 It IS ufed by confectioners and perfumers, in 
 ofder to fcent their commodities, and is re- 
 co;nmcnded by phyficians, as picper ta tnk 
 
 which falls with an angle foim'd by the 
 aiymptotes, and the r)ther without it. 
 
 AMBICU', S. [Fr. f,om ambiguus, L-t ] . 
 an entertainment, wherein the diihfS .re (at 
 on tabic in a promifcu.ius manner, wiihi.ut 
 any ree.ard to ot1cr, (o as to pcrul-x theuuflls. 
 
 AMBlGU'lTY, S. [fro-n d'/;;%«;«-,' Lar.] 
 the quility of a word, or exprcfiino, received 
 in difi'crcnt fenfcs; words whofe fignificati-.njs 
 are dou'itful or uu<.ert<iri. 
 
 AMBl'GUOUS, Adj. [arnblgiius, Lot.] 
 npplied to exprellions, having rrvire ienfes than 
 one, which are not ej'iiv dc'cniined. 
 
 AMBlGU'OUSL'i', Adj. {iramambig;iofS, 
 and /yj uf.ered in equ vocal lerins, ( r words 
 huvii'^ iwii fenfef. 
 
 AMIGU'DUSNESS, S. [from anbifrucvs 
 and !/ /j] he quality which rcndeis tne hjjiil- 
 ficali.in of a word un. ertain. 
 
 A'MBIT, S. [an:i''itus, Lat.] the circurn- 
 ference, circuit, ov meafurc of the outfide of 
 any ihin^. 
 
 1- 3 AMBI'TIONi,
 
 A M B A M E 
 
 t'c.cctf.rf th; sS of wii!c nf. ' More cT;nr.vf hfli-. 
 tenrr than tudtj than from »2R£i-^;::«." Brcvm" i Vulgsr 
 
 AdeSrecf mare Err en 
 
 .-p;Ki a<ie£re ot 
 
 cf 
 
 F 
 
 ^-' — :. 
 
 £e:' : r iftcr, ici indoftrioos to ob- 
 
 nveiit ic hsn-ur. or a more exieiibve t^omi- 
 liioa. P- 
 pUii to 
 
 A\!BULA'TORY,Aij. [from fl«EA«Zafi.jB, 
 laf ia£ cf aadisJa, to wzlJc] that wbkb exer- 
 ciics iHc facal'y or power of waikicg; or ihac 
 whkb moves by wailclivg. 
 
 A'MSURy, S. [f'om ami:, or eeih, Sai. 
 
 faxfut, and £»««, a h'J!, or ^*-, an eminence 
 
 ca ths earth] a blooiy wart on a borfe's becy. 
 
 AMBU'SCA'DE, S. [e«-i/lfl<a:, Fr. em- 
 
 "^':ais, Sp-a. imktjcata, Itil. from ^ii, Fr. 
 
 fc^cTs, Irai. and enjjue, Spa. a woodj a plsce 
 
 wbercaa rocn are bit: in order co farphfe an 
 
 eoemy. " Roiis'a li.e Grecians from their 
 
 i:-;r g^e5ter iiini-j, pcwer, ricissSjOO- 1 *«ii«/£Ai."' D'yd. Applied witb great ele- 
 
 "■ ::arious fcozi, which teem with 
 
 :%. "Irini;3>eraD;e«iidemper» lie 
 
 --i among the diies." Sfi8. Ne, 
 
 JSLy, AiT. [froai etrJ^rt-'cas, ! 
 ciaaner ».h.ch ietrs a dciire tr I 
 
 H.;.': ■'•n, or ^teicrsr.t:.^. 
 
 AM3:''r;0'JSN"£;S,' S. [nom axiirina: 
 znc T^'i] -.h^ q.iil;;y cf being cefiroos of i 
 great r Cijrteof hcaciir, r ches, orpowsr. 
 
 A'MSLE, V. N. [<ow:ap-, Fr. ^ntiUge, 
 Iia!- fr'ai ae^ulo, Lat. to wallcj to ixu»c up- 
 on £n sm'slej to move with a gea'leiz-tion ; 
 tc — -T- w-th a." astSei rronnata'a! asoticrn- 
 
 .-. MLLE, S. {f.:^ A'MELE, Vex.j in 
 I-: - - --■--. 2 ptc- wfitreixi the two fettof 
 a i ilx.e £i« EOTC atihe ttiDi 
 
 Aj-ioLcA, S, rfrcrarjr.;] 2 horfe that 
 hiS Le:rj titbit to amble: .<.~.-~s.iSS\ci caJ=J i 
 
 Ca££T. 
 
 AMELIGCVNIUM, S. TLaf. ftooj o^- 
 
 f- "^ '■ •'■■ - -" >--■ - - '. 
 
 tii - • ^ - - ' . 
 
 A'MriLI"*TGLy. A-?-. ffMr^ tf-^'-'T ajjrt 
 Ir ^'r aj «o p«r- 
 
 -ea-ble- 
 ■ !.-i;, Cr. from 
 .Vieckioe, a mif. 
 
 AMrii.v'OPV, s. r 
 
 ia J.icxi.c^nt, 
 tr.it cirfljfi 
 I 
 
 G 
 
 AMBL'SCAIK), S. [emhifca^. Span.] a 
 prirs'e place vtoerein mca are hid to furprize 
 an enemT. 
 
 A'MBUSH, S. [fas^if.'iie, Fr. of embucher, 
 Fr. to place in a wood, from ^u, a wood ; 
 or huiJ'.K, a baij a place wherdn fol<tiers are 
 hi-!, ia ordir to lurprize aa enemy. " Bold 
 in cbii amiaJJb, bafe in open fieW." Drjd, 
 A iaare laid by a pnTate pirfoe to af&ffinate. 
 ** Ones cid I iav an ambujb tor your life." 
 i,k}'efp. Fub. lii. 
 
 A'MfilrSHED, Ac], [of amiujb] Uy'uig ia 
 ■-:.'- — -n orr.er to (mfrizt. 
 
 ■HMENT, S. [fr-im amlr.fo^ a 
 -r, in o^er to furprize. 
 
 A .^VixiL'STlON, S. \jvibujiic, Lat. from 
 Axiaai fc/-;, to onrn\ in Me4 c>i>', the effe^ 
 ■which fiie, cr - 2ve on the 
 
 £eih : whco ca-:: fly, term- 
 
 ed a bnrr j wher. ,.,...,., j/;, a fcila. 
 
 A'.VIEL, S. ftTtfr.'/if, Fr. from Jctat'r.tz.inf 
 jcimtltzen. Teat, t-r iKutti:, B?lj. to melt. 
 
 ;om niiA'-v^siA, Or. 'crfuCeJ ihe iiquia matter which bodies are av 
 3r:d fc-^., Gr. theeyej fered wi'-b by tbeenamelter. See ENAMEL. 
 ■ -crarei, to fi^niry AMEN, Adv. fHeo. rrutb, oi ayiar, Heb. 
 mon to trie ai,ea ; to te trjej whci placed at tbe er.d of a fen- 
 •■: '^'.rer:i. tervce, it implies either an sfSrm-t;&n, or a 
 
 r -. G'. cf *, w-fh. Aoc'ic4 to ChriA. it impLts the truth, 
 ■ mcrfalj the 'c he *iu> hiJ accomplifhed znd ve-itiea not 
 ir . 1 oi the hea:heaIonly alj that the prcpnets naTe foretold coo- 
 
 c .. ^m im r.orL.1. Fi!cern;ng him, but liltewi^e zii init be hat 
 
 c. . ..ti to ar.y celiriio'i trait, by ■ himfeli prefttSed. When repeite-; at theend 
 
 V :e, afld £jn f"ri:3f. that i: waif of a fenserce, it implits a very fti&ng affir- 
 
 f •- cr diit It wotw cozununi- mation, atcording to the Hcb-e«, uhich ex- 
 
 preilea tbe fuptriaiive detre.- i.T this mariner. 
 ALjAdj. ["from^sijrc^f •, La'.j " Woman fhail fay ^t^s and svr.^n." 
 
 AWE'NAtLE, S. [fln!«!<2«:*, Fr. from 
 an:erer juflijuun} in l^w, rjfpor.fiele, or fab- 
 ject 'o enquiry and examination. Likewifie 
 ] a t.'^.rtw on dice, in wteicft t*t. aces j caciabJe or eaf.iv governed. 
 g:: -v bid chance. ** 1 j To AME'ND, V. [</nnd«r, Fr. amenJaf 
 
 l^ -:, ihaa throw o^i j La:,] to a'tcrJome-'bing fiuity for the better. 
 
 ^. .. . I Applied to writinz", to correct- To reform, 
 
 A.MfcU i-ATiC'S, S Cfr4m <7«rAj?ijrH, of ! applied to ma--ir.er» or behariour. " jimaid 
 fRt-tlaam, Leiac o' am^uky Lat, u> walkj • jvn *aj» and your deists.'' JJ'»-flK. xx»i 13. 
 
 T« 
 
 A 
 
 :, or iam€'hia% beyond the 
 
 0: rr.-^rrijs. 
 
 -.*C£; S. fawfoj «) span, ^rriis
 
 A M E 
 
 To grow from a more infirm ftate to a better; 
 to recover. 
 
 AME'NDABLE, Adi. [from CKenJ] the 
 pDiribi'ity of an error's b»ing corre;led. 
 
 AME'ND, S. [Ft. from amviicr, to finej 
 a fine bv which a conipenfition is made for a 
 fault committed. We generally fubftitute a- 
 mendi in the plural for this word. Arr.cn.ie 
 konourahle, is an infamous kind of punifliment 
 in France, infli<f^ed on traitors, parricides, and 
 other capital offenders, ronfifting in ftripping 
 the m::!ef.'Clor to his fhirr, and leading him 
 with a rope round his neck into court, to beg 
 pardon of his king, court, and country 5 
 fomctimesdeath or the galleys are annexed to it. 
 
 AME'NDF.R, S. [from <2mend and *rj the 
 petfon who mikes the changes or alterations 
 in a thing for the better. 
 
 AME'NDMF.NT, S. [aneidtment, Fc] 
 an alteration wliich makes it better; a cor- 
 reft'on. A change from vice to virtue. It 
 fignines a change from ficlcnefs t«wards 
 health ; a recovery. 
 
 AME'NDMENT, S. [^mtnd.Jth, L»t.] in 
 Law, the corre^ion of an error committed in 
 a procelf. 
 
 AME'NDS, S. {jintndt, Fr] fomething 
 paid to make good a damage done. Atone- 
 ment, or fariffadlion. 
 
 AME'NITY, S [o^Jrht, Fr. am«n:tas, 
 Lat.J a fituition orprofpeft, which aftedsthe 
 mind with plesfure or delight. 
 
 To AME'RCE, V. A. \[amcrner. Norm, 
 to fine] in Law. toinflirt a pecuniary pnniA- 
 ment, or fine a perfoa a fum of money for an 
 offence. 
 
 AME'RCER, S. [from amcut tni er] the 
 perfon wko fe;s the fine upon an oflfendrr ; or 
 fettles the value of the fa:ista£lion or fine 
 which is to be paid. 
 
 AME'RCEMENT, or AME'RCIA- 
 MENT, S. [from ^jmfr.v] in Law, the fine 
 inipofed on an offender againft the king, or 
 other lord, who is convirted, and therefore 
 ilands at the metcy ot either. 
 
 AME'RICA, S. [from Amiruvs Vcfp^fii, 
 a Spaniard, fcnt, in 1497, to improve the 
 difcoveties made by Columbus] one of the 
 four quatters of the world, by far the largefl, 
 the \iA fliicovered, and the rlcheft. Its extent 
 is fo vaft, that notwithftanding the centuries 
 which have eUpfcd fince its tirft diicovcry, 
 its bounoaiies have nrvcr been properly de- 
 tetmincJ j >vh.it has hiihcao heen difcovered 
 reaches from Lat. 7S deg. N. to lat. 56 deg. 
 S. ;. r. 134 drg. which taken in a tiraight 
 line amounts to above ^040 miles in length ; 
 with regard to its breadth it s veiy inti:iibr, 
 bring iniome places ^690 miles, and in others, 
 not above 60 or 70 utiles ovci : this vafi 
 country was boried from all the rcrt of thr 
 world, till 149a, when the entciprifing jc 
 nius of a Columbus drew afide the v;i! of ic 
 norancr, and ihewed it to the furptiltd inlia- 
 iitan'.t oi th« (.Id wciKl Th« honour ol riii' 
 
 A MI 
 
 crest difcorery ha? been claimed by almoU *I1 
 the maritime nations in Europe; ti>e Spa- 
 niards tell us, that Columbus received his 
 lights from the papers of captain Aidres, their 
 coiii-itryman, who had been raft on ihecoafl^s; 
 and the French ag^in, that he bad tncm from 
 Betincouit, who fir;^ di.'covered the AzMesj 
 not to deternriine a conteft, which would ra- 
 ther occafion laugKrer than knowle-ge, we 
 muft add, that our claim to the difcovery of 
 this new world is prior to that of the Spa- 
 niards, whofe pretenfions feem to be the be4 
 grounded ; no one can difpute the authen- 
 ticity of thole vouchers, wherek.y it appears 
 that John Cabot, a Venetian, a man no ie/s 
 enterprifing or lefs fliilled in navigation, thaa 
 Columbus himfelf, was fent by Hen. V^ll. 
 in 1469, a year before the di"*covfry of Co- 
 lumbus, who firft d.fcowred Newfoundland, 
 and failing along tht- coatt went as far a« Flo- 
 ri.-:a. We muft not omit that the Welch 
 ciaim a more ancient difcovery than any 
 vet produced j allerting that prince Ma- 
 Joc. fon c-( Owen Gwincth, was call on the 
 lOait of Florida, as earlv as 1 170, or XI90. 
 Though indeed fome look on this relation as 
 fabulous, yet it has a great manv conoSoratinjj 
 circumilanccs, that make it appear not at all 
 improbable. For Mcrc.^iih ap Rheife, who 
 gives us the account, was prior to Columbus, 
 and died in the year 1477, which is fifteen 
 yes-rs before Columbus began his cxpedirion. 
 To ei5umerare all the produAs of ;hi$gre.:6 
 conrinrnt, would fwtll this volame far bevond 
 irs prefcribcd limits. Let it fuffice to hint, 
 that moti nations, who have any conceins in 
 this part of the globe, aie taught by experience, 
 that they, who pro.mote tne trade of their 
 plantations, in due fubfervicncy to the intertft 
 of I heir mother- country, are likely to have the 
 greateft ihare of mercantile (hipping, can boafc 
 the be't nurfery for icamen, enjoy an inex- 
 hauftible fund of riches, ind wUl always bs 
 able to msint.ajn the fovereignrv of the feas. 
 
 A'MErHVST, S. [from A.ardi..-®". Gr. 
 ofaGr. negative, and )»tSy«, Gr, to get 
 drunk ; becaufc it was fuppoled, when put 
 into any liquor, to prevent the drinkers rrom 
 intoxicating thcmfclvesj ia Natural Hiftort-, a 
 precious itoneof a violet colour, approaching 
 tomewhat towards purple ; it is (omc'.imc* 
 found without .iny colour, and is fcarce to be 
 dirtifigui/hed from a diamond, except by iti 
 weight, and degree of hardnefs. 
 
 AMETHySTlNE, Adj. [from «wtri,./?J 
 of a fine violet purple colour, rclcmbliug tiiat 
 of an amethj'ff. 
 
 AMl'ARLE, S. {"from «m,aJ^, Fr. of 
 /inahtls, Lat.J that which is An oKjert of 
 li*ve. ** "Twould make htr etrnthk.'''' ShMejf, 
 OihrVo. That which is able to atrratt th« 
 *ffj-i^ion of love or delight, ./imijahie, or <.'»;»- 
 ,/>h'f numbers, in Aiiti.i-.i^tic, areihofe, which 
 aic equal to the iaott Ot" ««<h other's aliquot 
 p,ru. 
 
 F + AMI.
 
 A M M 
 
 AMIAB'LENESS, S. [fiom amiahlf atiH | 
 jrir/jj the quality which renders a perlon or 
 thing an obJLdt of delight, pleafure, or Jove. 
 *' As foon as the natural gaiety and amuible- 
 rejs of the young man weais oft." Guard, 
 
 A'MIABLY, Adv. [from annable and ly] 
 \n fuch a mnnrer ss to gain love. 
 
 AMLVNTHUS, or AMIA'NTUS, 'or 
 ASBESTOSES. fay.iavT*^, Gr. from a. Gr. 
 Negative, and fxtaiiai, Gr. to pcUute] in Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a fiifni ftcne, or mineral fub- 
 ftance, of a wh)tii(h colour, and woolly tex- 
 ture, confifting of fmall filaments, which 
 refifts, and is not confumed by the moft iii- 
 tenfe fire ; it is fouod in India, T^rtary, 
 Siberia, Egypt, the ille of An^j^kley in Wales, 
 Scorland, and other parts. 
 
 AMICA'BLE, Adj. [of amJcahiUs, from 
 «ir'.cut, Lat. a friend] ejidowed with all tlic 
 qualities, kindnefs, and focial bt;nevoknce, 
 which can knit the tie of friendniip. 
 
 AMICA'BLENESS, S. [from amUnbUzrA 
 fiefs j that quality which is excrtco in perform- 
 ing ads ot kindnefs, and in exercising th- 
 offices of friendfhip. 
 
 ^ AMIC A'BLY, Adv. [from aw/M^.V and !y] 
 in luch a manner as is cor.fjftent with the 
 "warmeft atTed^ion. 
 
 A'MlCEj S. [of aKiflus, Lat. cmic'?, Fr.] 
 the firft or undermoft of the fix garments 
 worn by priefts, and next to the .Tlbe. 
 
 AMl'D, or AMI'DSr, Adv. [from a and 
 inid. Sax, and Belg.] in the middie,with refped 
 tofitiiationj applied to things, placed in a 
 flrait,ht line, between or in the center. Sur- 
 rounded by objefts. " jdiKtd my flock i^ith 
 \voe my voice I tear." Sidney. Within the 
 comnafs; or aniongfl-. 
 
 A'MISS, Adv. [from a and mis, Sax. Ifl. 
 and Cimb, or mi/Ja, Goth, which implies er- 
 ror,defe£t, corruption, ordilTimilitudej wrong, 
 or contrary to any law, divine, or moral. Im- 
 proper, blameable, ^or inconfiftent with the 
 (Jiftates of reafon. Contrary lo a perfon's 
 ^janing. 
 
 A'MITY, S. [jK:it!/, Fr. from amiaiia, 
 Lat. J a itate wherein thcie is the grcitcti con- 
 *ord harmony, or a mutu.il intercourfe be- 
 t ween two or more perfons. A pplied to nations, 
 p«9ce, wherein dates are employed in pro- 
 aaoting the good cf each other, oppofed to war, 
 
 A'MMI, S. [Ay.fAi, Gr.J in Eotany, bi- 
 ftop's-weed, an umbelliferous plant. The 
 flowers have each five petals, ftaped like a 
 hc^rtj and five flender ftamini crowned with 
 louiidifti fummits. 
 
 A'MMON, [Gr. from Ay/A^, Gr. fand, 
 •r omMtt, Egypt, a ramj one of the titles oi 
 Juriier, an ong the Scythinns ; by mylhul'.)- 
 |ifls imagined to be the hieroglyphic of the 
 $un, and that the horns which he i'' repre- 
 lenfed with, are its beams : what corroborates 
 ilieir conjfcfture i<), that Jupiter Ammon ^.as 
 ufua'ly reprefented in thengure of a ram; nut 
 ^ut it muft be conitffed, ihat on feme mc- 
 
 A ISI O 
 
 dais he is f!'gured in a human fliipe, with tvr# 
 rjnis horns growing out of his head, near 
 his cars. 
 
 AMMO'NIAC, S {ammcr.iocum, Lat. f^ 
 called from its growing near the temple of 
 Juoiter Ammon, in LybiaJ a medicinal gura 
 which difiils in white drops ftoir. a feruUce- 
 oiis plant, on the fandy plains of Lybia. 
 
 AMMO'NIAC, [SAL]S a volatile fait, of 
 whith th-^re are two forts, the natural and ar- 
 tificial. The natural vv.is tound near the fame 
 place as the plant, and derives iis name from 
 the lame fojrce. Ths artificial fal ammoniac 
 is brought from Egypt, and is made from the 
 foot ot tufts, ordu.-igof animals fed with firaw, 
 lublimed in pjafs botil;s ibaped like bombs. 
 
 AMMONl'ACAL, Adj. \Uoxn a,hmo,uac\ 
 that which has the projcrties of ammoniac^ 
 as above defcribed. " Dili illation deftroys 
 the ammoniacal quality of animal lalts." 
 
 AMMUT^I'TION, S. [from m:.m:io, Lat. 
 of tnumo, Lat, J fuch arms, inftruments, an4 
 (lores, as are neceffary to carry on a war j 
 militsry flores. 
 
 AMAlUhfl'TICN-EREAD, S. [from am- 
 r/:;.ni:;or. and iicad\ bread provided for an aimy 
 or gjrrifon. 
 
 A'MNLSTV, S. [A/uKg-ia, Gr. not to re- 
 memberj an ail wherein a prince promifes 
 psrdon to criminals for cficnces pafi; j an a£l 
 of oblivion. 
 
 A'MNION. or A'WNIOS, S. [from a/^vcg, 
 Gr. a lainb, the whole being put for a part, 
 i.e. the fkin, by a figure of rhetoric, called 
 lynecdochej in Anatomy, a v.hite tranfpa- 
 rent, thin, fott membra.".c, cf an uneven fur- 
 f 'Ce on the outfide, but fm.ooth on the in!:dc, 
 immetiiatelv covering the 'a'tus. 
 
 AMO'NG, or AMO'NGST, Prep. [on. 
 rriatig, geiiiang, Sa,^. from gitvangan, Sax. or 
 )r,ci!^en, Teut. to mix or minglcj prcfent, or 
 icfiding with. " Thoii, Lord, ait awjsw^ them." 
 A'm«^. xiv. 14. Misgled witi;. 
 
 A'MORIST, S. [from amor. Lat. love] 
 one who is captivated with the charms of a 
 leinale; one who is in love; a lover. 
 
 A'MOROUS, Adj. \amoureux, Fr. amoroft), 
 Jtal.J fond. Smitten with love at the fighi of 
 an amiable object. " The ainious mafler 
 own'c her po'cnt eysf." I'ricr. Figuratively, 
 that which isthecaufeot love; or that Vk'hich 
 is ufed by lovers. 
 
 A'MOROUSLY, Adv. [from ^v/o-e.vj and 
 /y] with great appearance of aftettion or love J 
 in a fond or loving manner. 
 
 AMO'RT, Adv. [amor'.ir, Fr, or a la mort, 
 Fr. at death's doorj iminerfed fo deeply in the 
 thought of fome prcfeiit calamity, as to appear 
 quite ftu;iified, fpiritlefs. " How fjres ir^ 
 Klale r What! ('tiK.tUne., amort !." Sbakcfp. 
 
 AMORTJZA'TION, AJVIO'RTISE- 
 MENT, S. [aiKortsJatient, aiioitifj'abk, from 
 amcrtir, Fr. to extinguiflij in Law. a tranf- 
 ferring of lands to a corporatiun, &c. to remait) 
 
 in, 

 
 A M P 
 
 in fbeir poffeflion tor ever; called an aHena 
 lion of lands or tenements in mort-main. 
 
 To AlviO'R TIZE, V, A. {amcn.r, Fr.j 
 to alien or transfer iinds to any corporation, 
 guild, or frater lity for ever. 
 
 To A'MOVE, V. A. {amofeo. La:.] in 
 Law, to remove a perfon from his poli, o: 
 ildtion. 
 
 To AMOU'NT, V. N. [jr,y.r,(er, Fr.] ap 
 plied to arirhmetical procefs, to make up, to 
 fo r,e to, when all the feparate parts, <>r figures 
 are added togerher. To compofe, when unit- 
 ed. " How much this will amount to.*' 
 Burn. Theory, To ar.fe, or flow from, as a 
 c-onftquence. 
 
 AMOU'MT, S. [from amount, the verb] in 
 Arithmetic, the fum produced by the addinon 
 of feveral numbers or quantities ; the produdl 
 of fever; 1 quantities iudcd togetjier. The 
 confequence, refult ; or value. 
 
 AMO'UR, S. fficm amciir,TT.'] a iove 
 intrigue : including the fecondary ideaof fome- 
 thing vicious, 
 
 AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, S. ffrom a,Mti, 
 pr. lioth, and ac^sxa-:;, Gr. j ining, or ar- 
 ticulj'iion] in Aur-Womy, a dubiour, or neu- 
 tral articulation, or joining, diitinginfted from 
 the diarihrofiS from its having no conlpicuoiis 
 rnotio.T ; and from tiie fynarthrohs from its 
 not beir-.g without kniibl- motion. 
 
 AMVHl'BIOUS, Adj. [Gr. from aa^i, 
 Gr, both, double, or on both fides, and, /S;^, 
 Gr. lie, as living both kinds of life] that 
 which can live both upon the earth, and in 
 the water, as if either element was natural to 
 jt. " j4>y'l>h'b'cus animals partake fomewhat 
 of the nature of tilhes." Arhuth. The beaver, 
 frog, otter, torioife, fea-calf, crocodile, ^c. 
 ^re of' this fp-cies, 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROI'DES.S. [Gr. from 
 f/yt^fiS^Dri'v, Gr, a net, and ido^, Gr. a form, 
 or ihapej in Anatomy, a coat of the eve. 
 
 AMPHIBO'LOGy, S. [from a/x-jxeoX©-, 
 Gr. and \'j-/'^, fpeech or a woidj in Rheto- 
 ric, an abule ot langu.igc, wherein words are 
 fo placed in a fent'^'iice, that they will admit 
 of a diiYerenC fenfe, accordmg to the difierent 
 manner of combining them, as in the follaw- 
 in}j fentence. Noll re^em occidcre t'lmeie bonum 
 eji. V/hich may either be rendered, " Dn 
 riot fear to kill the kin;; ; ir is a good a£lion , 
 or do not kill the king j for it is good to fear, 
 or decline it." 
 
 AMPHI'DRACHYS. S. [Gr, from a^<f:i, 
 Gr. on botii fn'.es, and B^-^^v;, Gr. /liortj the 
 nai:ie of a toot in Latin atid Greek poetry, 
 Vonfifting of three fy'lables, the firil- and laft of 
 which are (ho: t, and the middle lonjr, as in 
 amo't, the n and e are fhort, and wo the middle 
 TyllabJe, is long, 
 
 AMFHl'.\lACER, S, [Lat, from a^^.,, 
 on each fide, ,uiix;.?, Gr. lofifij a foot inGrer.k 
 Latin poeiiy, tcnt;rting of three fylLiblcs, 
 
 AMP 
 
 AMPIIISC/E/NA, S, [Gr, nfx<pi:,<:azyn\ 
 a ferpent, fuppoied lo have tvvo heads. 
 " Scorpion and afp, and awphllbama dire.'* 
 Par. Loii. 
 
 AMPHI'SMILA, S, [Or. from «f>.<{.i, on 
 both fides, and <r,aj?,n, Gr, a knifejadif- 
 fefling knife, fo called from its having an 
 edge on both fides, 
 
 AMPH1THE'ATRE,S [a^-^.asarjM, Or. 
 of ^/<ti, Gr. about, and Cia-.fxai, Gr. to fee} 
 an a.-iCient building of an oval form, with 
 fea's rifing above each other in theinfide, for 
 ipectators to fee the combats of gUdiaiors, 
 wild brafis, Sfc. 
 
 A'JViPLE, .4dj. {arrpiui, Lat.] applied to 
 extent, wide, or fpacious, " On nature** 
 ampU lap." Thomf. Applied to bulk, large, 
 great or big. " And now and then an amplt 
 tear irill'd down. Shakefp. Lear. Applied to 
 permilfion, or liberties granted, full ; without 
 reftraint. " Land where, and when you pleafc, 
 with avipk leave." Dryd. Applied to gifts, 
 large, liberal. "Theearl made jm/;.'epromife." 
 Clayfnd. Applied to writings, full, niiiiute, 
 containing all the circuniftances. 
 
 To A'MPLL^TE, V. \a,r.pno, Lst.] t» 
 enlarc-e, extend, to make addilions to. 
 
 A'MPLIATION, S. [from a w/,/;^//^, Lat. 
 ampbat'iort, Fr.j applied to rumors, increating 
 their lenfe by aiditionjl circumflances ; an 
 exaggeration, or enjjigement. Enlargement, 
 or riweUine ]..ng upon a funjeft. 
 
 To AMPLIFICA'TE, V, A. [ani^!ifc}, 
 Lat. J to enlarge, toowvll long upon a fubjccl. 
 i^MPLIFlCA'TION, S. [ampUf cation, t'r. 
 amp'ificatii, Lat.] enlargemenr, or incrcafe of 
 dimenfions applied to a body ; but gen-.rally 
 fpeaking, it is ufed fwr a figure of rhetoric, 
 v.hicli confifts in a heightening of a defcrip- 
 tion, commendation, definition, or the blame 
 ot a th;ng by fuch an enumsration of particu- 
 lars, as mod forcibly affedt the pafiii-ns. Hy- 
 perbolical expreffion. " Is the poet juftifi- 
 aole tor relating fuch incredible a^Wiyjt-a/i'jw.'.'* 
 
 F'P.', 0,/v//; 
 
 AMPLll-I'ER, S. [from amp':ify and fr] 
 one who enlarge:. 
 
 ToA'iMPLIFY, V, A. [amplifier, Fr. 
 fiom amph.is, Lat. large or ample, and Jio, 
 Lat. to be made] to imreife the dimo.Tfio;is, 
 <)r number of partr, applied to inatter or body. 
 Toincre'fe or heighten .-spplied to quality. 
 " Amplify the found." Bac. A'.ir Uijl, To 
 exicnd, or enlarge, applied to power or domi- 
 nion, " r\ dcfirc- of orr.p'ifying their power.** 
 To render connpleat, orincre.lc by addition'!, 
 applied to writings. " My health is infuiltiient 
 to inc.eafe and amj'lify thefe remarks." ly'^ttsl 
 To cxp.itiale, to treat fully, to enlarge upon. 
 To rcprefent in a pompous, heiglit! nel, and 
 hyperbolical manner. " Homer amptif.es, not 
 invents." Pepe. 
 
 A'lVlPLlTUDE, S. [amplitude,YT. ampFt- 
 
 the firrt and lall ot wnicJi are long, and the | .■:.;/'j, Lat. J conp.ifsor extent. GreirneJi, ot 
 middle Ihujt. jiargcncfs. " To enlirge their minds to the 
 
 arttphtude
 
 ANA 
 
 mi^flUtiJ; of the world." Eicon. Caparity, 
 indued with powers fufficienr. Amplitude, 
 ill Aftronomy, is an arch of the horizon, iii- 
 lercepted between the eaft and weft part there- 
 of, and the center of the fun, ftar, or planet 
 at i's rifingor fetiing; at the riling it is called 
 ortive, and at the fctting occafive. 
 
 To A'MPUTATE, V. A. ymputo, Lat.] 
 in S'jrperyj to cut ofi" a limb. 
 
 AMPUTATION, S. [amputath, Lat] in 
 Surgery, the cutting oflF a limb, or other part 
 of the bodv. 
 
 AMSTERDA'M, S. [Amlldodamum, Lat. 
 from Amfiely the name of a river, and dam, 
 Belg. a dyke] the capital of the United Pro- 
 vinces, fituated ill North Holland, one of the 
 moft beautiful and richeft cities in Europe 
 for its fize. It is fituated in lat. 52 deg. 20 
 min. N. long. 4 deg. 30 min. E. 
 
 To AMU'SE, V. A. {am-Jer, Fr. muyfen, 
 Belg.] to employ a perfon's tlioughts on fome 
 Object, that may engage them from wandering 
 to any other, including the idea of iomething 
 trifling. " He amukd his followers with idle 
 ^lomifes." To entertain with fomething a- 
 gieeable, which has not force enough to di- 
 vert ; and wants importance to pleafe. " I 
 cannot think it natural for a man, v/ho is 
 much in love, to amii^e himfelf with wifhes." 
 Walfn. 
 
 AMU'SEMENT, S. [from amu^c^ an em- 
 ployment, in order to avoid the tedioufnefs of 
 inaftion. " His arr.ufement was to give poi- 
 fon to dogs and cats." Pope. Any thing 
 which engages the mind, or is the objedt of 
 the fenies ; an entertainment. 
 
 AMU'SER, S. [from amufe and er'\ one 
 who deludes J or engages the attention of an- 
 other, bv fpecious or falfe promifes. 
 
 AMU'SIVE, Adj. [from afnuje] that which 
 engages the attention to fomething trifling, 
 fpecious, anddelufive. 
 
 A'MY, S. [ami, Fr. from a».vV«s, ' Lat. 'a 
 friend] in Law, fliled \\\i.tw'i\e. ptcchein arry, 
 the neateft friend, the nearell relation to an 
 iiitant or orphan, and on that account to be 
 eiitrufted for him. 
 
 AN, Article, [ar.e. Sax. a'tn, Goth, ear., 
 Belg. a'ut, Teut, v,, Gr. j an indefinite arti- 
 cle put before nouns of the lingular number, 
 which begin with a vowel, or an h, when not 
 founded or alpirated, as an eye, an hour ; but 
 if afpirated, the iithen is k'oked on as havinj; 
 the power of another confonant, and a is ulcd, 
 as a hand, (2 hare. Applied tonumler, ic fig 
 rifles one, in a loofe and undetermined fenle. 
 " Theie will be many <2;! hour." Locke. Ap- 
 plied lo a fingle thing, as rcprefentir;g the fpc- 
 cic?, it fignifies any, or fome. " /In elephant 
 mii!ht fvvim in this water." 
 
 A'NA, Adv. [flva. Or.] a word ufed in 
 ph)fical prefcriptions, to figr.ify that the in- 
 gre'ieiiis which immediately precede, are to 
 be in ei;Uil Quantities. 
 
 ANABA'P TISTS, S. [from ava, Gr. a- 
 i> 
 
 ANA 
 
 gain, and S^ifiic, Gr. to baptize, from tJieit- 
 baptising thofe a fecond time, who had re- 
 ceived that facrament in their infancy] a re- 
 ligious fedl, whole dirtinjiuilhed tenet is, that 
 perfons are not to be baptized before they come 
 to years of difcreiion, and are able t» give an 
 account of the principles of their proieflion. 
 The firft founders of this feft were originally 
 difciples of Martin Luther, whofe names were 
 Nicholas Storcb, Mark Stubner, and Thomas 
 Munzer ; they firft broached their principles 
 in 1521. 
 
 ANACA'SIS, S. fava^as-i?, Gr. from a. 
 vcc/Saiva, Gr. to afcendj in Phyfic, the aug- 
 mentation, or ftate of a difeafe, fever, or fit, 
 in its grov.'th. 
 
 ANABIBA'CON, S. [Arab.] in Aftro- 
 nomy, the node of the moon, where fhe 
 pafles the ecliptic from N. to S. called the 
 Dragon^s Tad. 
 
 ANACA'MPTIC, Adj. [from avxya-xn- 
 T»-, Cr, to fend back] that which is returned ; 
 beat back again; reflected. In the plural, 
 Anacamptics, is a term applied to that part of 
 philolophy which treats of the refleftion of 
 the rays of light, called likewife Catoptrics. 
 
 ANACATHA'RTIC, Adj. [from ava>, 
 Gr. upwards, and KaBai^'ji, Gr. to cleanfe or 
 purge] in Medicine, that which purges up» 
 wardf, as a von-it. 
 
 ANACHRO NISM, S. [ava, Gr. and 
 Xi'^'»®^> time] in Chronology, the mifplacing 
 an a(ftion with refpe>tl to the time in which 
 it was performed ; a miftake in computing 
 the time when an event happened. 
 
 ANA'CREON, S. [Gr. from aia, and 
 «^£i), Gr. to reign] a Greek poet, "born at 
 Teios, a town of Ionia, who flourifhed when 
 Polycrates reigned at Samos, and Hypparciius 
 at Athens. As a wriier, he was a perfon of 
 an elegant tafte ; his poems have a gaiety that 
 charms, and an eafinefs which fteals away our 
 praife; though his fubjefts are trifling, they 
 would extort a fmile from the fulle.i cheek of 
 aufterity, and make the eye of gaiety fparkle 
 with joy. His death is very remarkable, fup- 
 pofjd to have been owing to a grape- (tone, 
 whicli ftuck in his throat, and choaked him, 
 in the 85th yejr of his aue. 
 
 ANACREON riC, Adj. [from Anacrecn] 
 that which is written in the tafte of Anacreon. 
 
 ANADIPLO'SIS, S. [Gr. avaJnrXiw^i,', 
 Gr. of ava. Gr. again, and JcsrXoiv, Gr. to 
 double] in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein the 
 word, whidi ends one fentence or verfe, be- 
 gins another. 
 
 ANAGO'GICAL, AJj. [from avu, up- 
 wards, Gr. aud ayca, Gr. to lead] applied to 
 Scripture, thofe pans which relate to eternity, 
 or the life to come. 
 
 A'NAGRAM, S. [of ava, Gr. and y^afx- 
 /j-a, Cr. a letter, or writing, Irom yja^pai, Gr. 
 ;o write] the trjn''pof:ng of the letters of a 
 name fo as to compofe fome aew word or fcn- 
 unce from thcsi, 
 
 ANA-
 
 ANA 
 
 ANAGRA'MMATISM, S. [from ana- 
 frsm] the aft of tranfpofing letters fo as to 
 form an anagram. " The only quinteffence 
 that hitherto the alchemy of wit could draw 
 out of names, is ana^rammatifm." Camden, 
 
 ANAGRA'MMATIST, S. [from ana- 
 gram] one who makes anagrams, 
 
 ANALE'CTA, S. [Gr, plural, from am, 
 Or. and ^Eyiw, Gr. to colleftj a colleftion of 
 fmall and detached pieces ; a mil'cellany. 
 
 ANALE'MMA, S. [Gr. ava\>i|U,aa, from 
 evttXa/wCava), Gr. to refumej an orthographic 
 projeftion of the fphere on the plane of the 
 meridian, by flrait lines and cllipfcs ; wherein 
 the eye is fuppofed to be at an infinite diftance, 
 and in the E. or W. points of the horizon. 
 Likewife a mathematici.! inftrument, with the 
 fphere projected on it, and a moveable horizon 
 and index, by which fevera! problems relating 
 to the fphere may be folved, without the trou- 
 ble of a calculation. 
 
 ANALE'PTIC, Adj. [cvaX^-srloc©', Gr. 
 from avaXa^vtSavu, Gr, to reftorej in Phyfic, 
 medicines proper to reftore the body when 
 emaciated, either by the long continuance of 
 a diforder, or want of food. " Analeptic me- 
 dicines cherifli the nerves," ^i/icy. 
 
 ANALO'GICAL, S. [from ana/ogy] ap- 
 plied to words, a term, which fignifies any 
 particular idea as attributed to feveral others, 
 not by way of refemblance, but on account of 
 fome evident reference to the original idea. 
 
 ANALO'CICALLY, Adv. [from analo- 
 gical and /)'J in a manner wherein there is 
 fome refemblance to the thing compared, 
 though it may not hold good with refpcft to 
 all its properties ; defined by Johnfon in an 
 analdguel manner. 
 
 ANA/LOGISM, S. [avaXsj/ijr/^©-, of am, 
 Cr. and Xoy©', Gr. reafcnj in Logic, an ar- 
 gument drawn from the caufe to the eftedt, 
 and importing an unanfwerable necefTity. 
 
 To ANALO'GIZE, V. A. [from analo- 
 gy] to turn into an analogy ; to form a re- 
 femblance, or run a parallel between things 
 which differ ; to interpret a thing as if it had 
 a reference or refemblance to fomething elfe. 
 
 ANA'LOGOUS, Adj. [from analogy] that 
 which bears a refemblance to a thing, in fome 
 particulars, but not in a!i. 
 
 ANA'LOGy, S. [from a»aXoyia, Or.] a 
 refemblance which one thing bears to another, 
 in fome of its properties or qualities, though 
 not in ail ; wlien we fpe .k of the Divine Be- 
 ing, we are obliged to h..ve recourfe to this 
 method of expreffing ourfelves, becaufe divine 
 matters are not the objeft of our fenfes, and 
 cannot be conceived any other ways than by 
 their fimilitude, proportion, or connedlion 
 with fenfible things; fo that analogy mear.s a 
 refemblance in kind or fort, but a difference 
 with refpeft to manner. 
 
 ANA'LYSIS, S, [av«Xua-(?, Gr. from ava., 
 Gr. and Xvca, Gr. to difToivejOr break in piecesj 
 a leparation or folution of a compou.id body 
 
 ANA 
 
 into the parts of which it confifts. '^ The 
 iJ««/>;^i of the dew of any place." Arhulhn. In 
 Philofophy, the confideiing the diftereut p^rts 
 of a thing feparately, and drawing conclufions 
 from the experiments made on them in that 
 flate. " Ana'.yfa confirts in making txperi- 
 ments and obfervatlons." Neivt. Opt. The 
 refolving of a thing into its conflituent parts, 
 as of a fentence into fingle words 5 of words 
 into fyllables; of fyllables into letters ; of a 
 tune into its fingle notes ; of an argument into 
 its feveral propofitions ; and of a book into 
 the feveral heads, or topics, of which it treats. 
 In Mathematics, it implies the difcovering of 
 the truth or falfhood of a propofition. 
 
 ANALYTIC, Adj. [amXvTiM-,, Gr.] the 
 refolving a thing into its primary, elemental 
 or conftituent parts ; the reducing a book into 
 the feveral topics which it treats of; the argu- 
 ing on the principles or conceflions of an op- 
 ponent, till he is reduced to a dilemma. 
 
 ANALY'TICAL, Adj. [from analyfnl 
 that which pretends to refolve things into 
 their firft principles. 
 
 AN ALY'TIC ALLY , Adv. [from analytical 
 and ly] in fuch a manner as to feparate a thing 
 into the parts of which it is compofed, to re- 
 folve a fubjeft into its firft principles. 
 
 To ANALY'ZE, V, A, [«vaXu<w, Gr.J 
 in Chemiftry, to refolve a compound into its 
 firft principles. " To analyse them, and take 
 afunder their heterogeneous parts." Boyle. To 
 inveftigate, or trace a thing to its firft princi- 
 ples or motives. 
 
 ANALY'ZER, S. [from aWjze and «r, 
 implying an agent, from war, Sax. or ivair, 
 Goth, a man] that which can reduce a tiling 
 into its fi;(l: principles. 
 
 ANAMORPHO'SIS, S, [from ava., Gr. 
 and jUo^<fa!i-i?, a configuration, of (Ao^fu, Gr. 
 a fliapej in Pcrfpeftivf, thedefcribing a figure, 
 which in one point of view /hall appear to be 
 deformed, and monftroufly mifliapen, but 
 in another regular, and in due proportion; 
 or a delineation of an objeft which fhall 
 appear monflrous to the naked eye, but when 
 viewed in a cylindrical mirnr, fliail appear 
 regular ar.d harmonious : there are feveral 
 pieces of this kind in the Aflimoleaii Mufeum 
 at Oxford. 
 
 ANA'NAS, S.'f in Botany] tke pine-apple, 
 fo called from its refemblance to the cones of 
 pines. 
 
 ANATHORA, S. [Gr. etvufo.;a., a repe- 
 tition] a figure in Rhstoric, wherein feveral 
 fentL-nces bejin with the fame word ; of which 
 the following; Pfulm aftords a beautiful and 
 noble exampl-. " The 'voice of the Lord i« 
 powerlul; the "Voice of the Lord is full of 
 majefty; rht: -t'oice of the Lord breaketh the 
 cedars of Lebanon," (2?c. PJal. xxix. 3. 
 
 ANAPLERO'TIC, S. [am-rrXn^om, Gr, to 
 fill up] in Medicine, that which incarns, or 
 fills up any wound with fle/h. 
 
 A'NARCH, S. [fiom « Gr. negstlve, and
 
 ANA 
 
 tfy^o?, Gr. a ruler] one who js the aathor or 
 prumoJcr of ccntufiun, or ledition j a rebel. 
 
 ANA'RCHiCAL, Adj. ffrom anarchy] 
 tb.it w hich is not fubjeft to rule, laws, or go- 
 vernment; rebellious J or feditious. 
 
 A'NARCHY, S. [ayap;yja., Gr. anarchia. 
 Lit. j a ftate wherein there is not, or no one 
 will 3cknowled|e a fupreme magiftrate ; a ftae 
 wherein people are without the enforcement of 
 laws, and will not fubmit to them j rebellion ; 
 fiedition ; and confufion. 
 
 ANASA'RCA, S. ffrom ava.Cr. and s-n-^f, 
 flefh] in Phyfic, a kind of univerfal droply, 
 wherein the fkin appears bloated, and yicios 
 to ths imprcfiion like dou^h. 
 
 ANASTOMO'SIS, S. fGr. from ava, 
 through, and r'/"") Gr, a mouth] in Ana- 
 tomy, the indfculations, or opening of two 
 vefl'els into each other. 
 
 ANA'STROPHE, S. [from ava, and 
 f.^ii^'o, Gr. to turn] in Rhetoric, difpofition, 
 or placing of words, wherein they do not fol- 
 low the grammatici! tonflruftion, an3 ih(if<- 
 which fliould follow are placed fiift ; as LaLam 
 (or.tra, for centra Italiaiv, in Virgil. Notes an- 
 srelical, for yir.gcltcal ):o:is, in Mikon. 
 
 ANA'THEMA, S. [from avi, andnV' 
 Gr. to place, or feparate] among the Jews it- 
 fignificd 5 Firft, Soinetliing dedicated to the 
 lervice of the Dsity ; Secondly, Something de- 
 voted to defliui3ion,;it ihe cty of Jericho war, 
 Jojh. vi. 17. Thiidiv, A perfon who was the 
 objedl of univerfal aveifioii j and Four'hly,One 
 V hoj III account of lome c4lence, was denied 
 the privileges ot locie'.y, and baniflicd from tlie 
 iynagogue. The term im(.rK-5 not only the 
 curfe, or aift of excommunication, but the 
 perfon exccn^munica'td or curfcd likewife. 
 
 ANATHI/MATICALLY, Adv. [from 
 a^:a:ltn;r.t\( a! ■ivi'^ ly\ in the manner of an ana- 
 thema, or feritencc of rxcnmmunication. 
 
 To ANATHE'MATIZE, V. A. [from 
 iir.a'haKa\ to pronounce the fentence of ex- 
 Cf.nimunication againft any perfon. 
 
 ANATO'MICAL, Adj. [from anatoviy] 
 that whicti is ufed in anatomy to fep.^rate the 
 parts of an animal, or Uibft?nce to be diffedled. 
 That v\hich is difcovered by anatomy, f>r in 
 the diilciflion of a body. That which is fepa- 
 r-ted, applied to the fmall and ccnllitueni 
 jjart-des of a body. 
 
 ANA'TOMIST, S. {anatuwjle, Fr.] one 
 who dill'efts the body of hum<.n creature 
 brute?, or plants ; dividing every one of the 
 parts from each other j enquiring into their fe 
 vcral ufec and properties; their various afl'ec- 
 tioPS; tlie wonder of ih;ir ftriifture, &€. 
 
 To ANA'TOMI/LE, V. A. [from ai.-t, 
 Cr, and tevvh, Gr. to cut] to dillect, or fe- 
 parate, by means of inftruments, every part 
 of ihe body ; to difcover all the properties of 
 a truth or thing; to lay open the fecret 
 motive?, afleflions or difpofitions of a per- 
 fon's mind. 
 
 AN ATO'MY,S.[a»aT«//i*,Gr.See ANA- 
 
 A N C 
 
 TOMIZE] the dilfedling, or feparating the 
 p<<rt3 of a human, or vegetable body, in order 
 to difcover its ilru£lure, and the djilerent ufcS 
 ot its feveral parts. Applied in a humorous 
 manner to a perfon who has little fiefli on hi» 
 bones; one who Is emaciated by difeafe or la- 
 bour, fo as to rcfemble a fkeleton. 
 
 A'NATORON, S. a kind of native fait 
 extrafted from the waters of the Nile, bv eva- 
 pofaiion and cryltaiizauon, and is fuppuied t« 
 be the nitre of the antients. 
 
 A'NX'ESTOR, S. \ar.cefire, Fr. oi antncjj'or^ 
 Lar. one who goes before] the perf> n from 
 whom one is defcended by birth. It is difiin- 
 guilhed Irom frtiUcsfJ'or, becaufe that is ufed 
 to fianily thofe whum we fucceed in dignity 
 or office, but anceftor thofe whom we follow 
 by natural defctnt, and as men, whether by 
 fa;h^--r or mother's fide. 
 
 A'NC!;.STRAL, Adj. ffrom anceftor'] in 
 Law, that whicti may be claimed in right of 
 our ancetttr:, or that whicli has been done l»y 
 them. 
 
 AN'CESTRY, S. [from ar.uf.or'] fuck 
 perfons of a f.;mily from whom a peifon is de- 
 fccnoed ; tamily, lineage; progenitors j pedi- 
 gree, dtken!: or birth. 
 
 AN'CHOR, S. [anchcra, Lat. from ay- 
 yvpx, Gr. wherein ihe g is always pronounced 
 like I! before k, as it is in the Gothic like- 
 wiiej an inltrument formed of an heavy Hiuiig 
 piece of iron, with a double hook or two 
 barbs at one end, and a ring to hold a cable 
 with in the other, uled to keep fiiips or other 
 vefTcls from driving with the wind, tide, or 
 currents. It is ufed with the followiiij verbf, 
 to drop, or cajl, which imply the letting 
 down ; and to weigh, which fignifies the pul- 
 ling up the anchor. Figuratively, it denotes 
 any thing which keeps from molion or fluiTiu- 
 ation, inclu^'ing the fecondary ioea of ftcu- 
 rity, " Which hope we have as an anchor of 
 the foul." Hch. vi. 10. 
 
 To AN'CHOR, V N. [from ar.ch^r the 
 fubflantive] to be fecured from danger; or 
 flopped ; to Le kept from driving by me^ns of 
 an anchor. Figuiatively, to taften ; to ftop. 
 " My intention aruhois on Ilabci." Skakefp, 
 " My nails were avchortd in thine eyei." 
 ^hakifp. Rub. 111. Ancbor-hsUi, the fallnefe 
 procured by an anchor. 
 
 A'NCHORAGE, S. [from arcbor] the 
 efFe£l which an anchor has, fo as to hold or 
 keep a fliip from driving ; the anchors thcm- 
 felves, or tlie dutv pjid tor anchoiing in a port. 
 
 A'NCHORET, or A'NCHORITH, S. 
 [a contiaftion oi anachorei] one who goes into 
 ceferts and unfrequented places , in order to 
 pradtife the great^ft aufterities, and put hini- 
 felfoutof the teach of temptation. 
 
 ANCI-IO'VY, S. [ancbois, Fr. aKcho-i.-a, 
 Span, ancio-ve, Ital.] a Imall fifh, much ufed 
 for fauce, hflied for on the coal^ of Proven.e, 
 generally in the nieiii- tiniCj with a light a? 
 the ftcrn of the vefi'el. 
 
 A'NCIEN'T,
 
 A N F A N G 
 
 A'NCIENT, Adj. [anclen, Fr.] tliatj ANFR ACTUO'SITY,or ANFRA'CHT. 
 which has endured for fome time ; that which OUSNESS, S. [i'lom anfracluous, and nefi] 
 has been form'rrly, or foms tune ago; opithe quality of turning and winding like a 
 pofej to t;iodern ; but not to veiv, ApnlieJ to maze, or labyrinth, Se! iom ufed. 
 life, or the duration of thing?. " With the A'NGEL, S. [aiicrelusy Lat. ayyi\^, 
 ancient \% \w\{Acirr\.''^ 'Job ■xw. 12. When ap- Gr. two eamrras coming together, being in 
 plied to the revivj] ot a thing, it lignifies pafl that language pronounctd like r^, a meiren- 
 or former, " Thoifgh the ancknti th'js their ger, or petfon which is Tent] a rclaiivs erm. 
 
 rules invade." Pope. 
 
 A'NCIENTLY, Adv. [from anaent, and 
 /y] in former times, in times li)ng paft, or be- 
 lore th? prefent indant. 
 
 A'NCIENTRY, S. [from ardertl a pedi- 
 gree which can be irsced a great m.iny years 
 backwards ; or a f.imily which has been noted 
 for a long coiirfe of years. 
 
 AND, Coniunrt. [from and, Sax. ende, 
 Belg. itnd, Teut. cmie, Fr. Th.j a particle, 
 by which fentcnces are joined together, figni- 
 fying that what was affirmed or denied of the 
 fentence before it, holds good, or may be 
 afHrmed likewifeof that which comes after it. 
 *' He honoured his father and his mother." 
 Likewife; *' To make difccveric-s in human 
 life, and to fettle the proper diiliniftions." 
 1'atlcr. 
 
 ANDI'RONS, S. irons placed at each end 
 •f a grate, in which a fpit turns ; or irons on 
 ■which wood is laid to burn inflead of a grate. 
 ANECDOTE, S. [a.ExJorcv, Gr.J an 
 article relating to a fecret tranfa6tion of a per- 
 fon's life, whether it be that 0/ a prince or a 
 private perfon 5 a piece of fecret hiflory. 
 " Som? modern ancc.iotei aver." Frier. 
 
 ANEMO'GR.'^PHY, fS. [from avE^©-, 
 Cr. the wind, and yjafw, Gr, to defcribej a 
 defcription of the winds. 
 
 ANEMO'METER. S. [from avs^t/.'^-, 
 Gr. and ^xstjov, Gr. a meafurej a machine, or 
 inftrument, to meafure the force of the wind, 
 ANE'MONE, S, [from avEy.a-v», Gr.J 
 m Botany, the wind flower; there are two 
 fpecies, one planted in gardens, and the other 
 wild, 
 
 ANEMO'.SCOPE, S, [from a-.E^w^, Gr. 
 and c-xoTT'©', Gr. an examination) an inflru- 
 nient or machine, which foretelfi the changes 
 •f the wind. 
 
 ANEU'RISM, S. [from viBv^vrji, Gr. 
 to dilate] in Surgery, a tumour or fwelling 
 caufed by tlie weaknefs of an .irtery ; or by 
 blood extravafa'ed and fpread under the flefti 
 fey a wound, or a rupture of an ar ery. 
 
 A'NEW, Adv. [of a and n-iv, from n't- 
 ewiu or ne-zv, Btlg. neiv, Teut, ny, Dan, and 
 fiie-ue, or reo-we. Sax. J again; over again; 
 once more; a fecond time, whrther in ihe 
 fam", or a riifTcrKnt form, " Be freed, or 
 arrrt'H iint'io.'" D>jd, 
 
 ANFRAC'TUO.SE, or ANFRA'CTU- 
 OUS, Aoj. [from arfrafi''!, L'.\.} that 
 which is full of v.iir)ding pali.'.ge'; cr caviies, 
 lefembling a maz*- or l.ibyrinih. " Several 
 Vaults and atfraSu-if: cavities in the ear bonc.V 
 
 implying a perfon who is fent, or commiflion- 
 cd by another; in its primitive fenle, being a 
 denom.ination of office. A fpecies of incor- 
 poreal beings fuperior to mankind, relident ei- 
 ther in heaven or hell, and of different degrees 
 of dignity, power and perfeftion. And a gold 
 coin, fo called from its having the figure of an 
 angel upon it, which weighed 4 dwts, and 
 was valued at 6s. 4d. in i Hen. VJll. and los. 
 in 38 Eiiz. Figuratively, a perfon of exquifite 
 beauty, and fuperior to the common run of 
 mortals. " Sir, as I have a foul, fhe is <\nan- 
 ^c7." Sbakcjp. Uied as an a(;)jeftive, it im- 
 plies fomething more than human, or fuper- 
 latively perfedl ; one of the order of angels. 
 " In c/iiTr/ -.vhitenefs." Shakcfp. 
 
 ANGE'LIC, Adj. [ffom angel and //V] 
 fomething refembling, belonging to, or par- 
 taking of, the nature of angels, 
 
 ANGE'LICA, S, [Lat. io called from its 
 fuppofed efHcacy again't poifonj in Botany, 
 the greatert: of the umbelliferous plants. 
 
 ANGF.'LICaL, Adj. [from iingel] that 
 which refembles angels; "Angelical fwilt- 
 nefs." Rah'.gh, That which belongs to, or 
 partakes of the properties or nature of angels, 
 A'NGELOT, S. a fort of fmall cheeje ge- 
 nerally made in the form of a heart, at the 
 county of Boay, in Normandy ; it is very fat, 
 and of an exquifite tafte. Likewife a mufical 
 inftrument refembling a lute. 
 
 AN'GER, S. [from ange, Sax. vexed, awf/. 
 Belg. to repent; or ongo, Lat.j a defire of 
 thwarting the happinels of another, on ac- 
 count ot an injury received. 
 
 To AN'GER, V. A. [See ANGER the 
 nounj to injure or oflend a perfon, lo a? to 
 provoke him to refentment, or to defire to 
 thwart one's happinefs. " Who would an^fr 
 the meaneft artifan ?" Hooker, 
 
 A'NGERLY, Adv. {i^oni anger ^r\A ly^'^i 
 the manner of, or like, a perfon who refcnts 
 an injury, 
 
 ANGiO'GRAPHY, S. [from a-/y!i:v, Gr. 
 and y^'x^-j}, Gr. to defcribej a defcription of 
 the veliVls or tubes of fhe human body. 
 
 ANGiO'LOGY, S. [from a^y-Mi, Gr. 
 and Xoj'oj, Gr. ] a treatife or difcouile of the 
 veflVIs of tlie human body, 
 
 A'NGLE, S. [angulus, Lat, ang'e, Fr.J 
 in Gcom-try, the meeting of two lines which 
 incline to each other, and meet in a aoint. 
 
 A'NGLE, S. [from arff/, Sax. Belg. and 
 Teut, J an inftrument to catch fifti with,c-Ort- 
 fifting of a line, hook, and rod. 
 
 To A'NGLE, V, N. [trom angle the nmm] 
 
 tQ fiH) with a kook, line, and rod. " ^■■'glin£
 
 A N G 
 
 in the cryflal lake." Waller. Figuratively, to 
 entice by fome allurements, or artifice. 
 
 A'NGLE-ROD, S. [argel-r'jede,^t\g. ar.gzl, 
 Port, anxueli, Span.] the rod to which the line 
 and hook are faftened in angling. 
 
 A'NGLER, S [from argk and er^ he that 
 fiflies with a rod, hook, and line. 
 
 A'NGLES, S. ihe nation from whence our 
 jfiand and people are named, who are luppofed 
 to have come from a city formerly named 
 Angd, in the kingdom of Denmark ; in Latin 
 they were called Gem Ar.ghrum, the nation ot 
 the angels j and in their own language, Eng!a. 
 Thetd. 
 
 A'NGLESEA, [formerly called Mcna by 
 the Romans, Mok, or Tir-Mon, i. e. the hnii 
 of Mona, and lays diiiylb, cr the Shady Ifland, 
 hy the Welch, and Evglsfaz, or .■^rglefty, i. e. 
 the Englifh Ifland, by the SaxonsJ an ifland 
 over againft Caernarvonfiiire, in the Irifh fea, 
 about twenty miles long, and feventeen b'«ad. 
 It was formerly the fe^t of the Driiidf, and fo 
 fertile, ss to be named Men Mam Gyrr.ty by 
 the Welch, i. e. Mona the nurfery ot Wales : 
 it has two market towns, and fends one mem- 
 ber to parliament. 
 
 A'NGLICISM,S. [from Jrglkus, Lat.] a 
 method ofexpreflion peculiar to the Englifh 
 language. 
 
 A'NGLING, Verbal Noun, [fiom angle] 
 the diverfion of fiihing by a rod, line, and 
 hook, armed with a bait. 
 
 A'NGRED, Part, [from anger provoked 
 to a defire of revenge by fome injury. 
 
 ANGRILY, Adv. [from argry and /y] a 
 manner which befpeaks refentment, on ac- 
 count of fome injurv. 
 
 A'NGRY, Adj. [Ucmargfr'] dcfirous of 
 revenge, on account of fome aftiont j highly 
 difplea'ed. 
 
 A/NGUISH, S. [angdfe, Fr. argofda, Ital. 
 '"'iJh Teut. anghjl. Belt;.] exceflive pain, ap- 
 plied to the body. " Death's of fuch incre 
 diblc anfwfh.^^ South.' Immo^ierate, or the 
 highcft riei,ree of forrow, anxiety and torture, 
 applied to the mind. 
 
 A'NGUISHI.D, Adj. [from argutjh] to 
 be alTefled with the profoundefl anxie'y, tor- 
 ture, and lorrow, on account ot fome cala- 
 mity. 
 
 A'NGULAR, Adj. [from angulus, Lat.] 
 that which has corners cr angles. Angular 
 moi'ion, in Aftror.omy, is the increafe ot the 
 diftance, or angle, between any two planets 
 moving round any body, as the common cen- 
 ter of their motions. 
 
 A'NGULARITY, S. [from arguljr] the 
 quility of hjving angles or corners. 
 
 A'N'GULARLY, Aqv. f fiOOT argular and 
 ly] with angles and corners, like an angle, 
 
 A'NCULATtD, Arj.[fromflr^i/.Vj,Lat.] 
 that which has angles or corners. •' Snot in-* 
 to arrulaini figures." W'.'J.i-j. 
 
 A'NGULOUS, Adj. [trom ar.guht, Lat.] 
 that which ba$ cornsr; or angle:. " Hda 
 
 A N i 
 
 togetlier by hooks and angulous Involutions.'* 
 Giar'^: 
 
 ANHE'LITUS, S. [from arhelo, Lat. to 
 pant, or breathe with difficulty] a fhortnefs 
 of breath, or quicknels of breathing, occa- 
 fioned by running, or going up any high and 
 fteep place. 
 
 ANI'GHTS, Adv. [from a for at, and 
 rightl'in \hi night- time, or every night. " Yoii 
 muftcome in earlier a nights J''' Shdkefp, 
 
 ANI'LITY, S. [anduai, Lat,] "eld age, 
 confidered as it refpe£ts a woman ; figurative- 
 ly, applied either as a term of honour or re- 
 proach, 
 
 A'NIMA Mo-N-Di, S. [Lat. the foul of the 
 world] a pure aeiherial fubftance or fpirit, ac- 
 cording to Plato, and other ancient philofo- 
 phers, diffuled through the m^fs of the world, 
 informing, adluating, and uniting its feverat 
 parts into one treat body or animal. 
 
 ANIMADVE'RSION, S. [animad'verfi», 
 Lat.] a taking notice of a fault with fome de- 
 gree of anger, feverity, or difpatch. " Dif-' 
 mified with fevere and (harp anlmadferfior.s" 
 Clarend. Punifhment, cenfure, or the execu- 
 tion of the laws ; confirieration, refle£lioii, 
 
 ANIMADVE'RSiVE, S. [from ar,msd' 
 I'erfum, fupine of oumad'virto, Lat.j that 
 which has power to make the mind attend to, 
 or confider any particular objedl j that which 
 has the power of judging. " The foul, the 
 only ammadi'erfi've principle." Glant>. 
 
 to ANLMADVE'RT, V. N. [ar.imad^-er. 
 to, Lat.] to cenfure, to blame, including the 
 feccndary idea of defeft in the perfon animad- 
 verted on, together with authority, difpleafure,^ 
 and feverity in the animadverter. 
 
 ANIMADVE'RTER, S. [from arimad- 
 ■vert, and er, a conttaftion of ivcer, Sax. or 
 ivair, Goth.] he who infli£Vs punifhrncnt, or 
 paffes cenfure on crimes. " A tevere animad-' 
 ■verier upon fuch." South 
 
 A'NJMAL, S. lan'imal, Lat,] a being, 
 confifting of a body and a foul; diftinguiflied 
 from pure fpirit, with rel'pc<ft to its corporeal 
 part, and from mfre matter, by its fpiritual. 
 An:rr:al, ufed as an adjefiive, implies fome- 
 thir.j which relates to animal^, or beings pof- 
 ftfled of a foul. Animal fecreliony is the a&y 
 whereby the juices q( the body are feparated 
 and fecr«ted from the common mafs of the 
 blood, by means of the glands. Aiimal fpi- 
 rits, are a fine fubtilc juice, fuppcfed to be the 
 great inftrument of mufcular motion and fen- 
 fation. 
 
 ANLMA'LCULE, S. [or.ln:akulum, Lat. a 
 diminutive of ar.ii>:al] a very fmall animal, 
 generally applied to fuch as are nut vifible to 
 the n.~.ked eye. 
 
 ANIM.VLITY, S. [oTiimal, Lat.] that 
 property which determines a being to be an 
 .■\nimal j that which h^-s ihe properties of an 
 nnimal. " The word animal here only fig- 
 nifies human ar.'imaVtty,^'' JVatts, 
 
 Tg A'NI.MaTE, V, A. {ammo, Lit.] to 
 
 give
 
 ANN 
 
 f.ive life to; to quicken ; to join, or unite, 
 a foul to a body j figuratively, applied to mu- 
 ficalinftruments, to enliven, to make vocal, 
 to infpire with the power of harmony ; to 
 communicate boldnefs toj to encourage, or 
 excite. 
 
 A'NIMATE, Adj. [ammam, Lat.] that 
 which is endued with a foul ; that which has 
 liii;,, or the properties of an animal. " The ad- 
 miralil'; ftruftnre oi animate bodies." Ber.tlty. 
 
 A'NIMATED, Part, [from animate] th'at 
 which has a great deal of life ; vigorous ; fpi- 
 rited. 
 
 ANIMATION, S. [from animate] the 
 a£t*of bringing intoexiftence, or enduing with 
 life, both vegetable and animal. The ftate 
 wherein the foul and body are united j the en- 
 joyment of life. 
 
 A'NllVIATLVE, Adj. [from animate] that 
 which has. the power of communicating a 
 loul or principle of life ; that which has the 
 power of enlivening, encouraging, or making 
 vigorous. 
 
 ANIMA'TOR, S. [from animatum, fopine 
 of animo, Lat.] that which enlivens, or con- 
 fers the principle of life. 
 
 ANIMO'SE, Adj. [from arimfus, Lat.] 
 full of fpirit ; violent ; courageous ; vehement. 
 
 ANIMO'SITY, S. [animrjiias, Lat.] a 
 difpofition of mind wherein a perfon is in- 
 clined to hinder the Aiccefs, thwart the hap- 
 pinefs, or difturb the tranquility of another; 
 it includes in it a degree of enmity, and is 
 oppofiteto friendfhip ot benevolence. " Thole 
 heats and anin^ofuies among the fair fe.x." 
 Htvift. 
 
 A'NKLE, S. [anchv.', Sax. ankle, Dan.] 
 the joint which unites the leg to the foot. 
 Ai.kle-bone, enclrl been, Belg. the protuberant 
 bone at the ankle. 
 
 A'NNALIST, S. \\xQm annali] one who 
 writes or cotrpoles annals. 
 
 A'NNAI.S, S. fit has no Angular; from 
 annales, Lat.] a narrative wherein the tranf- 
 actions are dijiefted into periods, confifling 
 each of one year ; or relations whicli contain 
 the public ocnirrences of a finale year. 
 
 A'NNATES, or A'NNAfS, S. [Lat. if 
 has no finguiarj in Law, the firft fruits, fo 
 cill^d, becaufe they are paid after one year's 
 profits. 
 
 To ANNE'AL, V. A. [from onahn, Sjx. 
 to fee fire to ; tu burn] to heat glals fo as ro 
 make it retain 'Jie colours laiii on it. " A 
 pifturc fhone in glafs annsakd.''^ Dryd. To 
 lieat glafs after it is blown, to prevent its 
 , breaking ; to heat any thing fo as to give it 
 its temper. 
 
 To ANNF.'X, V. A. [anr.sxum, fupine of 
 enr.cSio, Lat. an/:ex!r, Fr.J to join, or fur- 
 join as a fupplemcnt ; to conneft ; to unite 
 With. '/ Annex happinefs always to the oc- 
 ercile." Roge.ri. To belong to ; tojoinasa 
 property, tlftd as a fuaflantive, propertits, 
 «r attributes, 
 
 ANN 
 
 ANNE'XION, S. [from annex] the adding 
 of fomething ns an enforcement, fupplement, ' 
 or aid ; addition. " To engage the fear of 
 men, by the annexion of fuch penalties as," 
 i^c. Rogers. 
 
 ANNE'XMENT, S. [from annex] fome- 
 thing which is joined to another. " E,)ch fmall 
 aiwixmcnr, petty confequence." Hamlet. 
 
 To ANNI'HILATE. V. A. [annibila, 
 Lat. from aJ to, and nihilum nothing] to re- 
 duce to nothing; to deprive of exiilence. " It 
 is impoffiSle tor any- body to be utterly anni- 
 hilated.^' Bacon. To put an end to j to ex- 
 tinguifh; to deftroy utterly. 
 
 ANNIHILA'TiON, S. [from annihilatel 
 the aft by which the very exiftence of a thing 
 is entirely deftroyed. " Their utter anmhila' 
 cion could not chufe but follow." Hooper, 
 
 ANNIVE-'RS AR Y, S. [anniwrj'arius, Lat. 
 from annus, a year, and "vcrto to turn] the re- 
 turn of any remarkable day in the calendar. 
 Some public rejoicing performed in honour of 
 the anniverfary day. " In his admirable an- 
 nii/rrfaries," Dryd, 
 
 ANNIVE'RSARYv, Adj. [anr.iverfarius, 
 { at,] that which falls out once in the regular 
 courle of every year ; annual, or yearly, 
 " Keeping their anniverfary day." StiUing. 
 
 ANNO Domini, [Lat.] 'eKpreflcd by 
 abbreviature, -A. D. 1762, /. e. in the year 
 of our Lord one thouf.nd I'eveii hundred and 
 fixty two. 
 
 ANNOTATION, S. [anrntatic, Lat.] ex- 
 planations of the difficult pallages of an au- 
 thor, written by way of notes. 
 
 ANNOTATOR, S. [Lat.] a perfon who- 
 explains the difficult p^fl'^gcs of an author j, 
 a commentator. 
 
 To ANNOU'NCE, V. A. [annoncer, Fr. 
 Uom anauncio, Lat.] to proclaim; to reveal' 
 publicly. " Announced by Gabriel." Par^ 
 Reg, To pronounce; to fentcnce. Inajudi- 
 cial fenfe, to condemn to. " Ann.unce — or 
 life or death." I'rior. 
 
 To ANNO'Y, V, A. {annoy tr, Fr.] to 
 difturb ; to vex; to m.>,ke a perfon uneaiy. 
 
 ANNO'Y, S. [from the verb] an attack.. 
 " Ci-od angels gu.ud thee from thi; boar's nn- 
 nsy,''' Shakc'ip. Trouble, misfortune, or any 
 ftate which is prodrii^tive of anxiety. 
 
 ANNO'YANCE, S. [from «««»y] that 
 which ocofions any trouble, inconvenience, 
 diflike, injury, or hurt; the rtate wherein a> 
 perfon is aO't^'iled with the fi°ht, hearing, (ic-^ 
 ing, £ff. of a difjgreeable objeit. " The 
 further annnyarue and terror of any befieged 
 place." fVilkins. 
 
 ANNO'YER, S. [from annoy and er] the 
 perfon who caiifes any annoyance, diflike, 
 tronl^le, or loathing. 
 
 A'NNUAL, Adj. lanin'c!, Fr. frorn annus, 
 Lat. a year] every year, or vorly. " Annual 
 for me, the grape, the rofe renew." Gfc. 
 Pope. For the whole duration of a year ; that 
 which endures only one ■^txx, 
 
 A'NNU-
 
 A N O 
 
 A N S 
 
 A'NNUAI.LY, Adv. [from annua! anJ k] \ nuKaLuJIy proceeded from Adam." Smvni 
 
 tvery year, yearlv 
 
 ANNU'lTANT, S. [from armut, Lat.] lie 
 that potTed' s ot receives an annuity. 
 
 ANNU'ITV, S, [annuiic, Fr.J a yearly 
 revenue, paid every year during a perfon's 
 life, on Certain term of years j a yearly al- 
 lowance. 
 
 To ANNU'L, V. A. [from nuUus, Lat.] 
 rone] applied to hws, to deprive them of 
 their force j to abrogate; to abolifli. " Who- 
 ever deftroys this authority, Hoes, in ePiVft, 
 *«n;(.' the Uw." Rogers. Made impercept.b'e, 
 or, as it deprived of their exiftence, and an- 
 nihila'td. 
 
 A'NNULAR, Adj. [from dr«^/aj, Lat. a 
 ling] refembling, or in the form of a ring. 
 
 A'NNULAR V, Aoj. [from J.'wa/aj, Lat. 
 a ringj in the form of rings, " The wind- 
 pipe is made with annulary cartilages," Ray, 
 
 A'NNULET, S. [a diminutive from an- 
 Tuius, Lat. a ring] a fmall ring. In Heral- 
 dry, uTed for a mark that the perfon is the 
 fifth brother. Sometimes indeed a part of 
 the coat of levcral families, reputed a maik of 
 dignity. In Architeflure, the fmaij fquare 
 member in the Doric capital under the quarter 
 round. Likewife a flat moulding coTimon to 
 the other parts of the column which derives 
 its name from its furrounding the column. 
 
 ANNU'LLING, Part. Noun, [irom an- 
 »!&/] the revoking, aboLfhing, or repeating of 
 an aft, (Sc. 
 
 ANNUNCIA'TION-DAY, S. [from <in- 
 Tundate] the day celebrated in comfnemora- 
 tion of the antj;e!'s vifitation of the DieiTetl 
 Virgin on the a5th of March, 
 
 A'NODYNE, S, [from a, neijative, and 
 eJwn, Gr. pain] a remedy which abates the 
 force of pain, <md renders it more tolerable. 
 *' Anodynes, or abateis ot pain, ol the aliment 
 kind." /.rhuth. 
 
 To ANOl'NT, V. A. [from oint, enoir.t, 
 Fr. the fupine=. ot cindrc, or enlnJrc, Fr.] to 
 rub with lome fat, or greafy preparation, 
 " Thou fiialt not anoint thyfelf with oil." 
 Deut. xxviii. 
 
 ANOI'NTER, S. [from aw/Vr and er] the 
 perfon who anoin'.s. 
 
 ANOMAl.l'STICAL, Adj \{fom ancmaly] 
 irregular, yi'ioirahjiicul yea: , in Aftronomy, 
 the (pace of time wherein the earth pailes 
 thro' her orbit, and differing !rom the com- 
 mon year, on account of the prcceflion of the 
 equinoxes, 
 
 ANO'MALOUS,, Adj. [avs.ua?,^;, Gr. of 
 •c negative, and c//.aXof, Gr. plaiiij in Gram- 
 mar, fuch words as are not confirtent with the 
 rules of declining, CTf. In Altiononw, thii 
 which feemingly deviates from its regul.ir 
 motion. 
 
 ANO'MALOUSLY, Adv. [from anor?,a- 
 kus and ly] in a manner not condfteni with 
 eftafclifhcd hws or rules; in an irregular, un- 
 •onuBon, or cxtraordtnary niann«r. " £v« c- 
 
 l^ulg. Ert 
 
 ANO'MALY, S. ^anomaVe, Fr. anonialiai 
 Lat. See ANO'M.^'.LUUSJ a derivation from 
 the eftabljfhed rules and laws, whether thote 
 of nature, focieties, or particular branches of 
 fcience. '* A pecu'iar /Jrowrt/y and bafenefs 
 of nature." ^^outh. In .■^ilronomy, applied 
 to a planet, is that whereby it differs from 
 the aphelion or apogee. 
 
 ANO'N, Adv. [from a and tiubn, Belg. 
 nus Sax. ayrtii, Spin, now] foon after any 
 time expreiled ; quickly. ** Not without de- 
 (ign at that prtfent, as fha'l be made out a- 
 nun,''^ Ciarend. When applied to viciflitude, 
 revolution, or change of adion, it fignifies, 
 then, afterwarrfs, or lometimes. " On bill 
 fome'imes, atiin in (hady vale." Par. Reg. 
 
 ANO'NYMOU'S, Adj. from *, Gr. pri- 
 vat!ve, and viofj-a, Gr. a name] tiist which 
 haj not yet received a name. " Another a- 
 nor:\mous jnfeft of the waters." Ray. Ap- 
 plied to books or puDl'cations, that which is 
 without a name, or that which has not the 
 au'hor's name, " The author's being 0no-> 
 nyntjus.^^ Dunc'icd- 
 
 ANO'NYMOUSLY, Adv. [from ar.ony. 
 ntius and /y] in luch a manner as to be with- 
 out a nan.e. 
 
 ANOTHER, Pronoun, [from an, Sax. 
 one, and oiber, Sax. more, or befides] applied 
 to things, Ibmething not like that which is 
 mentioned; different. " Becaufe he had an- 
 alher fpirit." A'umb. xix. 24. Applied to 
 number, or fuccefiion, one more; an addi- 
 tion; befides. Applied to identity, not the 
 fame. Joined with on, it implies a thing 
 mutually performed ; fomething reciprocal. 
 " If we love one amtier, God dwelleth in us." 
 I Jibr iv. 12. 
 
 A'NS/E, S. [Lat. the plural of anfa, Lat.] 
 a handle] in Aftronomy, thoie pans of the 
 ring of Saturn, which appear at a diftance 
 from its body, and reiemble a couple of 
 handles. 
 
 ANSATED, Parr, [anfatus, Lat.] that 
 which has hanoles. Ui'ed only by fcieniific 
 writers. 
 
 To A'NSWER, V. A. [arfn-cnan, Sax.] 
 to give that information which is required by 
 a quefiion. " They could not anjiver him." 
 Lukeyixs. 6. To reply to an objetlion ; to 
 obviate or give a foluiion ; to afTign realons ; to 
 be accountable tor; or latisfy any claim or debt 5 
 to pay ; to bear a proportion ; to be proportio- 
 nate to. To vindicate ; or be reteived as * 
 witnefs, tefiimony, or voucher in a perfon's 
 behalf. " So ihall my rigbteoufncfs anjiver 
 lor me." 6't'n. XXX, •53. 
 
 A'NSWER, S, [an '~xare. Sax, urt'ivcorjt, 
 Belg. Seethe verb, to ANSWER] an Ini'or- 
 mution, or reply to a quefiion ; a joiution of 
 jny dirficultv, or objection. 
 
 A'NSWER ABLE, Anj. [from^r 'ti-', ani 
 tk'e\ i.hjt whlclft will *daut »f a rep'v, 
 
 A'>Ni.\V£ft%.
 
 ANT 
 
 A'KSWERABLY, Adv. [from an}wer. 
 ahk, and /)'] in proportion j in a manner 
 which correfponds with, or is (^uitable to. 
 
 A'NSWERER, S. [from anjiuer znA er] 
 One who gives fuch information as a queftion 
 requires, he that folves, obviates, or clears up 
 the obie£lions of an adverfafy. He who writes 
 againft another in any controverfy, " It gives 
 his anftvtrer double work.' Sivft, 
 
 ANT, S. [from amt, a contraftion of 
 temttr, Stx, and was afterwards foftened into 
 ant^ fmall infeOs, remarkable for their in- 
 duftrv, tendernefs, and pconomy. 
 "ANTy^'Cl, S. [has no Angular, from 
 «!VTJ, Gr. and cixSi), Gr. to dwelij in Geo- 
 graphy, thofe who live under the fame femi- 
 cirde of the meridian, but in dift'erent paral- 
 lels, the one being as far diftant from the 
 equator S. as the others are N. Their longitude 
 is the fame, as are likewie their noon, mid 
 night, and all their days : but their feafons 
 are contrary, it being autumn with the one, 
 when it is fpring with the other, &c, Th 
 inhabuants of Peioponnefus are the Antaeci to 
 thofe o: the Cape of Good-Hope. 
 
 ANTA'GONIST, S, [from avrt, Gr. 
 againft, and afni^ai, to contend] applied to 
 ptrfons as fuch, one wlio contends with 
 another. " None daring to appear antagon'ijl,''^ 
 Milt. Sampjon. Applied to writers, he who 
 oppofes the opinion or fentiments of another j 
 an oppofite. 
 
 To ANTAGONI'ZE> V. A. of avrj, Gr. 
 and aywi^'ji, Gr.j toftrive, or contend againft 
 another. 
 
 ANTANACLA'SIS, S. [of avraxXacrif, 
 Gr. from a'/ravaxAaa;. Gr. to drive back, or 
 ftrike back againj in Rhetoric, a figure where- 
 in a word is repeated in a different fenfe ; it is 
 likewife the refuming of the fame fentsnce, 
 after the intervention of I'everal others. 
 
 ANTANA''GOGE, S.[from ai-Ti, Gr. and 
 avafa), to drive, or take away] in Rhetoric, a 
 figure, wherein, being unable to deny the 
 crimes with which we are charg'jd by an ad- 
 verfary, we endeavour to load him with the 
 fame, or others, 
 
 ANTAFODO'SIS, S. [from am, Gr. 
 •ndi^, genitive of wovf, Gr. a foot, and 
 J«s-if, Gr. of JiJoj^j, Gr.J a retreat, or re- 
 turning. In Rhetoric, a figure, containing 
 the counter-part of a fimile. 
 
 ANTA'RES, S. in Afironomy, a ftar of 
 the firft magnitude in the conftellation Scor 
 pio. Long, J. deg. 20 min. 4 fee. according 
 to Flamftead. 
 
 ANTA'RCTIC, Adj. [from avT<, Gr. 
 contrary, or oppofite to, and apKT(^, Gr. the 
 bear] that which is oppofite to the urfiic, ap- 
 plied in Aftronomy, to the fouihern pole and 
 circle. The ar,tail}ic poli, in Al'ronomy, is 
 the fouth pole, or that part of the heavens to 
 which the fouih end of the eartli s axis points. 
 The (intarBic circli, is one of the ItiTer circles 
 »t the fphere, par^li?! 19 tji? tquatgr, and 
 
 ANT 
 
 43 deg. 30 min. diftant from the fouth poll* 
 The antarEIicpole, in Geography, is th2 fouth- 
 ern extremity of th* earth's axis. 
 
 A'NTE, [Lat,] a particle, fignifyingA(/«rf, 
 and frequently ufed in compofitionj as anle^ 
 dilwvian, that which exifted before the tiond } 
 ante chamber, a room which muft be paffed 
 through before you can enter into a chamber j 
 or a room which leads to a chamber. 
 
 ToANTECEOE, V. A. [from a;;^« be- 
 fore, and cedo, I<at. to go] to have a prior 
 exiftenre j to precede, or 9,0 before. 
 
 ANTECE'DENCE, ^".[uamantcctdt^ pri- 
 ority of exiftencej exiftence before Ibrr.e period 
 or being. 
 
 ANTECE'DENT, Adj. \ar,teciie„i, Lat.] 
 prior J before; or exifting before. " Withr 
 uut any ar.Vff,/».'C fins." South. Ufed fubftan- 
 tively, it implies the thing which is prior ia 
 time, or which muft have gone before. " It i^ 
 indeed the necefTary anucediftl.'^ South. In. 
 Grammar, the noun, which, in the order of 
 conftrudlion, goes before a lelative, as " Chriji 
 who redeemed us." The word Chriji is th« 
 antecedent which goes before the relative, w£»«. 
 In Logic, the firft part, or propofition, of aa 
 enthymcme, or fyUogifm, confifting of two 
 propofitions only ; as, " Chriji is rijen from the 
 dead; therefore we are redeemed ;" the words 
 in italic are the antecedent, 
 
 ANTECE'SSOR, S. [Lat. from ar.tecedo, 
 Lat. to go before] one who precedes, oris be- 
 fore another in the order of time. 
 
 ANTECHA'MBliR, S. [See ANTE. 
 Written generally, but improperly, antichant' 
 her\ a chamber which leads to a ftate room, or 
 chief apartment. 
 
 To A'NTEDATE, V. A. [from ante be- 
 fore, and datum, fupine of do, Lat. to givej 
 to' place too early, or before its real period. 
 By reading, a man does, as it were, ar.tS' 
 date hij life." CoHicr. To enjoy a thing ia 
 imaginaiion before it exifts. 
 
 ANTEDILU/VIAN, Adj. [from antc\>z- 
 fore, and dilui'-um, Lat. a fiood, or delugej 
 that which exitred, or had a being before the 
 flood. Ufed fuhftintively for the perfons whd 
 lived before the flood. 
 
 A'NTELOPE, S. [from avti, Gr. con- 
 srary, and >,ef^, Gr. a horn, becjufe its horns 
 are inverted] in Natural Hiftory, a kind of 
 goat with curled or wreathed horns. 
 
 ANTEMERI'DIAN, Adj. [from ar:tc be- 
 fore, and meridiem, Lit. noon) before noon. 
 
 ANTEMU'NDANE, Adj. [from rw« be- 
 fore, and murdanuSf of mundus, Lat, the 
 world] that wliicii was before the creation ot 
 the world. 
 
 ANTEPENU'LT, or ANTEPENU'LTI- 
 MA, S. [L?t, from ante, before, pcr.c, al- 
 moft, and '.tlttr::r, hift] in Gramm.r, the laft 
 I'yllable but two of a word ; as the fyllable nut 
 in the woril artejcnult'wia. 
 
 ANTEPRE'DICAMENT, S. \antcpradi- 
 
 ,«tn7(nta, iiQin anti before, ^nd p'adiiumenlum, 
 
 Q Lat,'
 
 AN T 
 
 Lat. predicament, (o called from AnftotJe's 
 treating of them hifors the predicaments] in 
 Logic, fomething requifite to be known, in 
 order to render the knowledge ot the predica- 
 ments more eafy. 
 
 ANTE'RIOR, Adj. or ANTE'RIOUR, 
 [Lat.] that which is before another with re- 
 gard to time or place. " The anterior, or upper 
 pair." Broti.-r.^s Vu'g. Err. 
 
 ANTERI'ORITYjS. [from anterhr, Lat.] 
 the fiate of being before another, with refpeft 
 to time or place. 
 
 ANTHE'LIX, S. [fromavTi, Gr. oppofite, 
 and eX'l, Gr.] the inward piotuberance of 
 the external ear, oppofite tolhe outward, call- 
 ed helix. 
 
 ANTHELMI'NTHIC, Adj. [from cyr:, 
 againfl, and iX^uivSoj, Gr. a worm] in Medi- 
 cine, that which kills worms ; a vermifuge. 
 
 A'NTHEM, S. lar.tlen.a, Ital. ai9t;,«V5,-, 
 fiom tt'/T!, Gr. oppofite or reciprocal, and 
 viJi-viq, Gr. a hymn orfong] a hymn performed 
 in two parts, by the oppofite members of a 
 choir. Socr.iics fays, Ignaiius w..s the in- 
 ventor of it among the Greeks, and St. Am- 
 brofe among the Latins. 
 
 ANTHO'LOGY, S. [from av5oj, Gr. a 
 flower, and >.o^5;, a difcourfe] a treaiife of 
 flowers ; a collection of the moft beautiful 
 .paflages of one or more authors; whence the 
 colledlion of Greek epigrams, is filled Antho- 
 logia. 
 
 ANTHROPO'LOGY, S. [from avSj..-- 
 ^c;, Gr. a man, and Xcyoj, Gr. a difcourfe] 
 a difcourfe or treatife upon man, or human 
 niture, confidered as in a ftaie ot health, in- 
 cluding the confideration both of the body and 
 fcul, with the laws of their motion. 
 
 ANTHROPO'PHAGJ, S. [never ufed in 
 the lingular, from ay&ouiTtoi;, Gr. a man, and 
 ^■^yv, Gr.toeatj favages, who eat human 
 tiefh. 
 
 ANTHROPOPHAGI'NE AN, Adj. [from 
 jinlhropofkagi^ like one of tiie Anthropopha- 
 gi ; in a terrifying, terrible, or lavage manner. 
 " He'll fpeak like an Antbropophaginean .^' 
 Skulefp. 
 
 ANTHRO'POMANCY, S. [from a:5fu>- 
 TTif, Gr. a man, and !j.ci.;tu%, Gr. divination] 
 a fpecies of divination, Irom infpecling the 
 entrails or vifcera of a human bodv. 
 
 ANTHYPO'PHORA, S. | Gr'.J in Rhe- 
 toric, a figure, whereby the objections an ad- 
 verfary may be fuppoicd to make, are obviated, 
 and anfwercd. 
 
 A'NTI, [Gr.] a particle, which in com- 
 pofitions, f'^nifies contrary or oppofite ; and in 
 works of literature, is prefixed to tlie anfwers 
 wrote in oppofuion to an author ; as Antl' 
 C.i'or.es, the name of the anfwers Julius Cx- 
 ijT wrote to the ohjeflions made againff him 
 by C>to. 
 
 A'NTIACID, Adj. [from a«f/, contrary to, 
 at'.d aciJ] that which is of < n.iiure coatrary 
 to acid, an alkalii 
 
 ANT 
 
 ANTIARTHRl'TICS, S. [Gr.] remedies 
 
 againit the gout. 
 
 ANTIBA'CCHIUS, S. [from anti, oppo- 
 fitp or contrary, and Eacetiui] in ancient 
 Poetry, a foot confifting of three fyllables, the 
 two firft of which are long, and the third 
 flio'-t, as in i/i'/Vfi/ir; the fyllables fir and /«, 
 are long, and te is ftiort. 
 
 A'MTIC, S. [a Pantique. Fr. after the 
 manner of the ancients, from amlquus, Lat.J 
 one who plays tricks, and makes ufc of odd 
 and uncommon geftures j a M^rry Andrew j 
 a buffoon. 
 
 ANTICHA'MBER, S. See ANTE- 
 CHAMBER. 
 
 ANTI'CHRIST, S. [from ««/■;, oppofite, 
 or contrary, and Chnjl] in its primary fenfe, 
 one who oppofes the dodlrine and miflion of 
 Chrift. 
 
 ANTICHRPSTIAN, Adj. [from Anti- 
 ehrij}] contrary, or oppofite to Chriftianity. 
 
 ANTICHRI'STIANISM, S. [from Anti- 
 chrij}] any do£liine, or opinion, oppofite or 
 contrary to Chriftianity. 
 
 ANTICHRO'NISM, S. [from avri, Gr. 
 and ;v*5vi?, Gr. time] contrary to the right 
 order of time. 
 
 To ANTi'CIPATE, V, A. [from ante, 
 before, and caph, Lat. to take] to be before- 
 hand with another in taking, fo as to difap- 
 point him that comes after. To do or enjoy 
 a thing before its fixed period. 
 
 ANTICIPATION, S, [from anticipate] 
 the dating a thing earlier than its due period. 
 Tlie enjoyment of a thing in imagination, be- 
 fore its real exigence j a fsretaftc. 
 
 ANTICLI'MAX, S. [from £:vt;, and x>i- 
 /^a*, Gr. a ladder] in Rhetoric, a vicious 
 figure, wherein the laft fentence or member 
 is weaker in its fignification, inllead of being 
 ftronger, or higher than the firft. See CLI- 
 MAX. 
 
 ATSTTICLY, Adv. [from antic, and ly of 
 /ic. Sax. implying manner] in the manner of 
 an antic or buffoon j with odd gefticulitions 
 and grimaces. 
 
 ANTICONVU'LSIVE, Adj. [from ar.:i, 
 jgainft, and coni/ui/he} in Phyfic, medicines 
 againft convulfions. 
 
 ANTICOU'RTIER, S. [from a!:tl, op- 
 pofite, and courtie--] one who oppofes the mca- 
 lurcs of the court. 
 
 ANTIDO'TAL, Adj. [from artidue] that 
 which has the quality of preventing the effcSs 
 of anv contagion, or poilon. 
 
 A'NTIDOTE, S. [anrido.-us. Lat. of av-i, 
 Gr. oppofition, and ^otrig, of h^x/jii, Gr. to 
 give] a medicine given to expel poifon, or 
 prevent its effe^s, and to guard from conta- 
 gion. 
 
 ANTIEPILE'PTIC, Adj. [from av-ri, Gr. 
 againft, and ETriXtj^i:, Gr. a convulfion fitj 
 ill Medicine, temedies again.f convulfions. 
 
 ANTi'LLES, S. [properly Ar.tijles, from 
 , ii.cir I'mallnefsJ a fmall tlufier of iflanda ia 
 
 the
 
 ANT 
 
 ANT 
 
 the Weft Indies, extending from 1 3 to 24 ds- lor thafe wha live fo diametrically oppoHte to 
 grees N. Lit. anJ are diding'jifhed into Wind- ! s^ch oxher, that if a right line were continived 
 
 gre 
 
 ward and L'jevvnrd lilands. j 
 
 ANTILO'GARITHJVI, S. ffrom anti and 
 lo^.irhbuil the complement of a logarithm, or 
 its diftcrence from one of 90 degrees. 
 
 ANTl'LOGY, S. [ofavr; and Xovo,-, Gr.] 
 contradiftion in its primary fenl'e, applied to 
 thofe patTdges of an author, wherein there 
 feens to be, or really is, a manitell contra- 
 didlion. 
 
 ANriMOMA'RCHICAL, Adj. [from 
 avTi, again'i, and [y.oy^t^^^Xs,, Gr, monarchy] 
 that which is contrary to monarchy, or that 
 fpecies of government wherein the ciiief rule 
 is inverted in a fingle perfon. 
 
 ANTIiVIO'NiAL, Adj. [from ant'imory'l 
 that which confifts of, or has the qualities of 
 antimony. 
 
 A'NTIMONY, S. [the piBlum of the an- 
 cients, and rv-^,'-*' of the Greeks] it is a mi- 
 neral fubftance, poflefling all the properties of 
 a metal, excepting malleability and dudlility ; 
 is found in moft mines, but eipecially thofe of 
 filver and lead, and is diftinguifhed into two 
 forts, ciuJe and prepared, 
 
 ANTINQ/MIANS, S. [from ctvn and va- 
 (A,'^, Gr.] a fe£t who look upon the perfor- 
 mance of moral duties as infignifican'-, and 
 prefer the articles of faith to thofe which en- 
 join praftical holinefs. 
 
 A'NTINGMY, S. [from mti, Gr, a- 
 gainil, and vo'-i'^, Gr. a law] a contradidion 
 between two laws, or the different parts of the 
 fame law. 
 
 ANTJPARALY'TIC, Adj. [from =vti, 
 Gr. aaaiiifl, and nra^aKua-ii;, Gr. the palfyj in 
 Medicine, remedies for the palfy. 
 
 ANTi'PATHY, S. [from ^rtifiathie, Fr. 
 from avTj, Gr. againft, and Traj^;, Gr. an af- 
 fefti )n] a natural averfion to any particular 
 obje" ; which operates fo ftrongly, as neither 
 to be controuled by the will, nor reafon. 
 
 ANTIPERISTA'SIS, S. ffrom avri and 
 jii^:^a.y.at, Gr.J in Philofophy, the adion 
 ot two contrary qualities, whereby the force 
 of the one is incejfed by the oppofition of 
 the other. This doftrine was efpoufed by the 
 Peripatetics ; but is exploded by Mr. Boyle, in 
 bis hiilory of cold. 
 
 ANTl'PHRASIS, S. [from avri, Gr.and 
 <ff5r;c, Gr. a form of fpeech] in Rhetoric, a 
 figure, wherein a word is ufcd in a fenfe quite 
 diiferent to i's original meaning. 
 
 ANTPPODAL, Adj. [from anupoths] 
 thofe who are antipodes wiih refpedt to their 
 fuu:\tion. " /tntipodal to the Indians." 
 Bro'T'jn'! Vul^. Err. 
 
 ANTPPODHS, S. [by fome accented on 
 the laft fyllible but one, and vitioufly pro- 
 nounced as if a word of ihree fyllables, from 
 f, t;, over- againft, or oppnfitc, and TrsJe,-, the 
 plural of "^i's-C; Gr, a font] in Geography, 
 thofe who live on the contrary fide of th-.- 
 gbbej with their feet direiUy oppofite to aurii 
 
 through the earth, e^ich of its ex'remities 
 would touch the feet of one of the parties, 
 
 ANTIPTO'SIS, S. [from a.\r,, Gr. and 
 WTMo-;?, a cafe] in Grammar, a figure wherein 
 one cafe is ufed inftsad of another. 
 
 A'NTIQUARY, S. [antiquar]us, Lat,] 
 one who applies himfelf to the iludy of anti- 
 quities ; whether they be mottos, infcription':, 
 or ancient manufcripts ; and makes coilciSlions 
 for that purpofe. 
 
 To A'NTIQir ATE, V. A. [ar.t-quo, Lat.] 
 to render ufelefs ; in the paffive, 10 be growa 
 out of ufe. 
 
 A'NTIQUATEDNESS, S. [from antijuat~ 
 ed and r^efi] theftate of being out of vog'je or 
 ufe; the being obfulete. 
 
 ANTl'QUE, Adj. [amiqtie, Fr. from an- 
 tiqu'js, Lat. formerly accented on the firft fyU 
 labie, but now marked and pronounced like 
 the French] that which was in vogue in for- 
 mer or ancient times, in oppofition to modern, 
 " The old and antique fong." Shakefp. That 
 which is really odd ; Vt'hofe antiquity is ge- 
 nuine and indifputable. " Being true an' 
 tique.''\ Prior. Old-falhioned ; out of the 
 talhion ; uncouth, and ridiculous for its anti- 
 quity. Ufed fubdantiv^ly, for a genuine piecq 
 of antiquity, or a relic of the ancients. " Both 
 very choice antiques.'''' Swfc^s Will. 
 
 ANTPQUlTY, S. [from antiqu't'ai, Ln.] 
 that time or period which has long precedec} 
 the prefent. " The moft confummUc ftatef- 
 iryn of all ar,t'\qwty.''^ Freehold, No. 51. An- 
 cj^nt writers ; thofe who lived in former 
 titles J the hiflories wrote at a great diftance 
 before tiie prefent period. '' All antiquity 
 has avowed." Rale'igh. Long life ; or old 
 age. " Every part about you bUfled with 
 antiquity.'''' Sha'^efb. lieu. IV. 
 
 AN riSCORBU-'TiCAL, Adj. [from anti, 
 Lat. againft, and [coibutum, Lar. the fcurvyj 
 in Medicine, remedie<i againft the fcurvy. 
 
 ANTISPA'STUS, S. a poetical foot, of 
 four fyllables, the firft and laft of which ara 
 Ihort, and the fecond and third long. 
 
 ANTlSPLENt'TlC, Ad;, [from artl^ 
 Lat. againft, and fplemtic] i.T Medicine, re- 
 medies agiinft the fiiieen. 
 
 ANTi'STROPHE, S. [from avri, G'. 
 contrary, and rTjc^";, Gr. a fjrning] a dance 
 of the ancients. In CJ-rammar, it is ufed for 
 a figure, wherein two t-.;rms that depend on 
 each other are mutually converted, i%thskiKgt 
 miniftcr, or the m r.ijiei- of the kin^. 
 
 ANTISTRUMA'TIC, A^. [from arti, 
 agiinft, and JJruma, a fcrophuiaus humour] 
 in Medicine, remedies againft 3 fcrophul'.iu-8 
 humour, or the king's evil. " DiftiUeJ mills 
 v\ith ur.ti/lruKar'us." IVil'e.Tt. 
 
 ANTPTHESIS, S,' [Gr. in the plural 
 anti'.hejei, from tf.Ti, Gr. oppof.te or cootra-» 
 ry, and Ti3ii/.t(, Gr. to place] in Rhetoric, a 
 figure v/hsrein opofi:; qualities arc' placed in
 
 ANY 
 
 Cftntraft, or compared with each other, In or- 
 der to illufirate, amplify, and anorn the fpeech 
 of an orator, or piece of any author : a beau- 
 tiful inftance of this is in the following verfe 
 of Denham — " Tho' Jeep, yet clear, tho' 
 gentle, yet not dull," tfir. 
 
 A'NTITYPE, S. [from ariti and type] in 
 Divinity, that which is formed according to a 
 model, or pattern ; a general fimilitude, or 
 refcmblance of circumftanccs. 
 
 ANTITY'J'ICAL, Adj. [from antitype] 
 that which anfwetE (o fome type. 
 
 ANTIVENE'REAL, Adj. [from anti and 
 venereal] in Medicine, remedies againft ve- 
 nereal complainis. 
 
 A'NTLER?., S. \andouilUr, Fr.] among 
 Hunters, the fiifl pearls which grow about the 
 tur of a deer's horns : fomttimes ufcd in a 
 more general fio^e for any of the branches. 
 
 ANTOXOMA'SIA, S. [from avTi, Gr. 
 and o'U|Ua, Gr. a name] in Rhetoric, a fi- 
 gure, \,\ herein the name of fome dignity, of- 
 fice, profpfTion, fcicnce.or trade, or fome figni- 
 ficant epiihet, is put for a per ion's proper 
 rame. As 'he Philofcpher, for Newton ; the 
 Poet, for Pope i the Admiial, for Hawke; 
 the Orator, or the Mn ifter, for Pitt. 
 
 A-'NVIL, S. [arfu, arjit, 01 anfiltf, Spx. 
 from a>i fur on, and fealian, Sax. to fall, from 
 <the hammer's falling upon it j or of amhol:, 
 Dan. aedLud, Bck. from aed, to, and bUd, 
 Teut. a iorm or fhape, from bih'er, to foim, 
 Ihape, or forgej in its primary fignification, a 
 l.irge mafs of iron, on which handicrafts lay 
 thtir work to fcrj;e, or beat it iiuo its defign- 
 ed fl-.ape. In a fecondjiy fenfe it implies any 
 thing wiiich is fubjudt to blows •' The .»;- 
 i-:l of my fword." i'hahjp. Figurativcty, 
 ufed with the particle :pon, it implies, that a 
 thing is in agitation, is in readinefs, or under 
 conf: deration. " Knov.'ing what was vpcn the 
 ar.vil.''^ Sicift. 
 
 A'NUS, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the ori- 
 fice of the inteiiiner, thro' which the excre- 
 ments are difcharged by ftool ; likewife a 
 fmall hole in the third ventricle of the brain. 
 In Botany, the pofterior, or back opening of 
 a monopetalous flower, or that which has bui 
 one petal. 
 
 ANXI'ETY, S. [anxietas, Lat.] an un- 
 tafinefs of the mind, cauled by its apprehcn- 
 iion of the confcfjuence ot fome luture event. 
 
 A'NXIOUS, Adj. [froma«.rii/j, Lat. J un 
 eafy on account of the uncertainty of fome 
 event. Very folicitous about any future e- 
 vent ; dilturhed, or not bearing, wiih an equal 
 temper of mind, the imprtfllon of any prefent 
 evil. 
 
 A'NY, Adj. [of antg, enig. Sax. the ^ be- 
 ing pronounced like y at the end of woids; 
 thigh, Belg. einer, Teut, ene, enai, and eroc, 
 "RxiiX. eniz. Arm.] applied to time, it denotes 
 either of the pans of which it is compofed. 
 •* ^ny time thcfc four hours." Shakefp. Ap- 
 plied to fpace, cilher of iis parts without i'e« 
 
 APE 
 
 rtriftion. " Motion begun any where below," 
 Locke, One, in oppofition to none. "Nei- 
 ther is there any that can deliver." Deut, 
 xxxii. 30. 
 
 A'ORLST, S. [aoj;c©', Gr. from a, ne- 
 gative, and ofa^w, Gr. to limit] in the Greek 
 grammar, a tenfe wliofe fignification is not 
 limited of deierminate, but is applied either 
 to tiir.e prefrnt, paft, or future. 
 
 A'ORTA, S. [acfT«, Gr. a vefTel, bag, 
 or cheft I the great artery rifing immediately 
 out of the left ventricle of the heart j the 
 trunk out of which all the other arteries 
 f(.ring, and a great canal from whence the 
 blood is conveyed to every part of the human 
 body. 
 
 APA'CE, Adj. [from « and /><»«} applied 
 to things in motion, fwiftly ; applied to lime, 
 quickly, or fpeedily ; and applied to the tran- 
 fii ion from one ftate to another, in hafte, with 
 ipeed. 
 
 APAGQ/GICAL, Adj. [of a-ro, Gr. from, 
 and ttfaj, Gr. to lead, or draw] ihe eOablifli- 
 iag an opinion by {hewing the abfurdities, 
 which would follow from its denial j called 
 likewife a reduclii ad abfurdam. 
 
 APA'RT, Adv. [a/ar?, Fi.] feparate, or 
 at a diftance. Afidc, or tor a particular ufe. 
 
 APA'RTMENT, S. [afartement, Fr.] a 
 part of a houft: ; a room. 
 
 A'PATHY, S. [from «, Gr. seg. and 
 OTttCS^, Gr. a pafTioii or feeling] a freedom 
 from all paflion ; a ftate of inlcnfibilify. 
 
 APE, S. [ape. 111. aep, Bel-, appa, Brit. 
 apa, Sax. abc, Dan.] an animal refembling 
 the human form ; of which there are a va- 
 tiety of fpecics \ the tees of their f;et are as 
 long as thtir fingers ; they have pockets on 
 each fide of their jaws, which ferve them as 
 (tore-places. The females have but a fingle 
 young one, which they carry on their back, 
 and, when they fuckte it, take it in their 
 arms, and give it the breaft, in ^he fame man- 
 ner as a woman does to her child : they are 
 very rem.irkable for their mimicking the ac- 
 tions of human creatures ; hence the word is 
 ufed in a fecondary fenfe, tor one who un- 
 couthlv, or afftr<f\edly, imitates another. 
 
 To APE, V. A. [Sec APE, S.J to mimic 
 or imitate. 
 
 APL'AK, Adj. [from a and pique] in s 
 pofture to pierce ; a-tiit. 
 
 A'PER, S. [from ape and er] one who 
 mimics Or imiiates the aftions of another* 
 An iiritator ; a mimic. 
 
 APE'RIENT, Part, [aperient, from ape- 
 rio, Lat. to open] in Medicine, that whicli 
 has the quality of opening 5 applied to gentle 
 purges. 
 
 APE'RTION, S. [aperiio, Lat.] an open- 
 ing ; a pafi'age ; a gap ; an aperture; or the 
 a£lion of making an opening, or paflaj;e, 
 
 APE'RTURE, S. [apertus, Lat.] the aft 
 of opening j an open place, or opening; a 
 pafi'agct 
 
 APE'.
 
 A P O 
 
 APE'TALOUS, Adj. [from «, Gr. pri- 
 vative, and viraXov, Gr. a leaf] in Botiny, 
 without petals, or flower-leaves. 
 
 A'PEX, S. fLat.] the top point, or fum- 
 mit of any thing. In Geometry, the angular 
 point of a cone, or any like figure. 
 
 APH^RE'SIS, S. fafaipEa;, G. to take 
 awayj in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein a word 
 or fyllable is taken away from the beginning 
 of a word, as in the ingenious motto of Sir 
 John Phillips. Arr.ort, more, on, re. 
 
 APH'ELION, S. [of tx'Tto, Gr. from, and 
 nXi^, thefun] in Adionomy, that point of 
 the earth, or a planet's orbit, !n whicn it is 
 at its greateft diftance from ihe fun. 
 
 APHILA'NTHROPY, S. [from a, ne- 
 gative, and 4>iXttvfljwwttt, the love of man- 
 kind] the Want of iove towards human kind : 
 want of benevolence ; inhumanirv. 
 
 A'PHORISM, S. [fr..m a<pcap'tl^io, Gr. to 
 feparate] a maxim, or princ pie, in any fci- 
 encej a fentence conprehendir.g all the pro- 
 perties of a fling in a concife manner. 
 
 APHORI'STICAL, Adj. [from aphorifm] 
 that which is compofed in the manner of a- 
 phorifms, or maxims. 
 
 APHORl'STICALLY, Adv. [from apho- 
 rijli cal ind ly] in (he manner of an aphnrilm. 
 
 ATHR0N1TRE,S. [fromaf^, Gr. and 
 ViTpov, nitre] in Natural Hiftory, a kind of 
 natural falt-petre, gathering like froih on old 
 walls, now tailed falt-petre of the reck. 
 
 A'PIARY, S. [afiarium, Lat. from apis, 
 a bee] ihe place where bees are kept ; which 
 ftiould be ftieltered from h'gh winds, and de- 
 fended from poultiy, whofe dung is very of- 
 fenfive to this animal. 
 
 A-l'IECE, Adv. from a, each, and piecf] 
 each; or feparateiy taken. " A farthing a- 
 ^w<." Swift, 
 
 ATIS, S. an ox, or bull, worlhipped by 
 the Egyptians under that name; which was 
 cohfecrated to the moon, and fed at Memphis. 
 Its whole body was to be black, except a white 
 fquare fpot on its fsjrehead, feff. When a calf 
 was found with thefe marks, it was carried t . 
 the temple of Ofiris, where it was kepr, and 
 wor/hipped, as the reprefcntitive of that dei- 
 ty, while living ; and lamented a.md buried, 
 with great folemnity, when dead. 
 
 A'PISH, Adj. [from ape and ijl\ from ij?. 
 Goth, and Dan. implying nature.] This word 
 has various fignificaiions, on account of its be- 
 ing applied to the ditfereut qualities of an 
 ape ; thus it fijinifies mimicking, or imitative. 
 " u^pijh nation.'" Sbakefp. Rich. III. Affeded 
 or foppifli. " French nods and api/fj courie- 
 fy." Shdhfp. Rich. III. Silly, inhgnificant, 
 empty, fpecious. 
 
 A'PISHLY, Adv. [from apijh and ly] 
 full of wantonnefs, miroickry, uncouth and 
 afFefted imitation. 
 
 Al'OCALY'PSE, S. [from diroxaXuTn^), 
 Gr. to reveal] in i*s primary fignification, a 
 Revelation or the difcov«ry of fgmcthing by 
 
 A P O 
 
 the Deity, before unknown to mankind. Ap« 
 piled peculiarly to fignify the book of Revrja- 
 tion, which appears to be written by St. John, 
 from feveral paff.iges and peculiar expreiJions 
 to be found in it ; and the tcfiimony of Ire« 
 nsEus, Juflrin Martyr, Clemens Alexandrinus, 
 Origcn, and Tertulli.in. 
 
 aPOCALY'PTICAL, Adj. [from apnea- 
 lypfs] that which contains the revelation of 
 any thing myflerir.us. 
 
 APO'COPE, S. [from a.'rto, Gr. from, 
 and «j^7ij Gr. ro cut] in Grammar, a figure 
 wherein the laft letter or fyllable of a word is 
 cut off, as thro' lor through ; byp. for hypo* 
 cho'idriac. 
 
 APO'CRYPHA, S. [from aire, Gr. and 
 xfvTiTui, Gr. to hide] in its primary fignifica- 
 tion, fomething which is not known. Ap- 
 plied to books, it denotes that their authors 
 are not certainly known ; and confequently 
 their authority and genuinenefs uncer.ain. 
 
 APO'CRYPHAL, Adj. [from apocryph^ 
 of doubtful and uncertain authority ; not in- 
 ferted in the canon of Scripture. 
 
 APO'CRYPHALLY, Adv. [from apoay. 
 phal and ly] in a manner which will not c.ir- 
 ry conviftion with it ; in a manner which 
 is in want of authority, or the marks of au- 
 thenticity. 
 
 APODIC'TICAL, Adj. [from airo^u^i^, 
 Gr. a demonftration] demonftrative, or fo 
 plain and convincing, that no perfon can rC' 
 fufe his aifent to it. Applied in logic to a 
 lyllogifm. 
 
 APO'LLO, S. [Lat.] in Mythology, the 
 fon of ]upiter and Latona ; hern at Dclos ; one 
 of the heathen deities, to whom thi-y attribut- 
 ed the art of divination, anJ the patronage of 
 phyfic, and is the fun. Said to have killed 
 the ferpent Pytho, becaufe its heat rxhales 
 pedilcntial vapours ; reprefented wiih long 
 hair, in allufion to the fun-beams. The fa- 
 ble reported of his feeding Admetuss Ihcep, 
 denotes that all creatures are fuftained by his 
 genial warmth ; and his killing the Cyclops 
 for forging Jupiter's tliunderbolts, his dif- 
 perfing thofe peltilential vapouta which ara 
 fatal to mankind. He is called the Sun in 
 heaven, Bacchus on earth, and Apollo in the 
 infernal regions, atiu repretented wi'.h an harp, 
 to fliew the harmoiiy of our fyllem ; with 
 a buckler, to denote his defending the earth j 
 and with arrows, to figuify his power of life 
 and dejth. 
 
 APOLOGETIC AL, Adj. [from a7ro>a. 
 ysci', Gr. to de'end from any obiection, or 
 charge] th^it which is faid, or written in de- 
 fence of any perloo, or opinion, 
 
 APOLOGETICALLY. Adv. [from apa. 
 logetical iwA ly] in the manner of an anUver, 
 defence, or apology. 
 
 APOLO'GIST, S. [from afologtxe] the 
 perfon who writes or fpeaks in vinrtication of 
 the fcntiments of another; one who endea- 
 vours to extenuate the fsuUs of another. 
 ' G3 To
 
 A P O 
 
 To APO'LOGIZE, V. A. [from apck^y'] 
 to plead in favour of a peifon or thing; to de- 
 fend, or excute, a pcrfor, or thing. L'fed 
 with the partidt y^jr, before the fubjefl^. "I 
 fcught to ajiclogix^e for my inuilcreiion.' 
 Wake. 
 
 APO'LOGUE, S. [from airo and Xo;c;, 
 Gr.l a ftory, or ficlion, which is foimed ic 
 convey feme mor 1 and intcftfting tru'h to 
 the mind, under the images of beafts, aiid 
 other iriatior.al animals; a fable. 
 
 APO'LOGY, S. [from a7roX;j-i2, Or;] in 
 its primary fenfe, implying a dilcourfe msde 
 by a defendant, to clear himfelf from a 
 charge of guilt brought agairft him; thus the 
 difcourfc Socrates made for hin-.lelf, when ac- 
 tufcd, is ftiled his ap',h^y. Hence the de- 
 fence or vindication of an opinion from the 
 objeflions it is charged wi^h, is called by 
 the fame name. Jn this fenfe bifliop Jewell 
 tails his defence of the church of Eiiglind an 
 apology ; and Robert Barclay, his vindication 
 of Qu^akerilm, an apclc^y for the principks 
 of the Qi2,akers. At piefentthe term is ufsd 
 to imply rather an excufe than a vindication ; 
 and an extenuation of a fault, rather iha.n a 
 proof of innocence. 
 
 APOMECC'METRY, S. [of arto, Gr. 
 from, fj-iv.^, Gr. a diftarice, and fj-ir^m, Gr. 
 to meafurej the art of meafuring things 
 at a diftance, to know how far they are frcm 
 us. 
 
 APO'PHASIS, S. [frcrs awo*a<r(?, Gr. 
 a denyingj in Rhetoric, a figure in v^hiiL 
 the orator feems to wave what he iionicall) 
 jT.entions;; as, " Neither will 1 mention your 
 cowardice; though, ifl fliould, you coula Jioi 
 deny it." 
 
 APOFHLEGMA'TIZANT, S. a remedy 
 which evacuates fetcus or phlegmatic humours 
 bv the ncftrils. 
 
 ' APO'PKTHECM, S. [from a.noi$iy;:Le., 
 Cr.] a fententious or ihcrt exprcfiion utieiec! 
 without deliberaiion ; or s fentence containint: 
 fome important truvh, moral or divine, which 
 burfis, un-xpefled, from the fpe^ker. 
 
 APOPLECTIC, or APOPLE'CTJCAL, 
 Adj. [from ep:p'ex\ that which is of the na- 
 ture of an apo'.'Icxy. 
 
 APOPLE'XED, Adj. [from apoplcx] af- 
 fefted or fcized with an aDonJexv. 
 
 A'POPLEXY, S. r.-.7;-c7r/iJij, Gr. from 
 tfrriTrhri^cii, Gr. to flrike on a luddenj in 
 Phyfic, a difcafethat luddenly deprivesa perfon 
 of his fenfes, and ail fciifinie motions of the 
 body, fxcep'.irg thofe of the heart and lungs, 
 attended with a fufpenfon of the pr'ncipal 
 faculties of the f ul. C»ufed generally by 
 repletion ; the head's being naturally large, 
 ana the neck Jl.oit; the pe:fons being corpu- 
 lent, and fat, or o: a ple'horic habit ol body, 
 and redundant in pituitous humours, 
 
 APO'ZIA, S. [from cTTOfia, Gr.] ii; 
 
 Pbeoiic, a f'^.ure where the ipeaker fhews 
 
 himfcIf in acubt where to begin, on ac- 
 
 6 
 
 A P O 
 
 count of the ccpioufnefs of the fubie<£V, the 
 ambiguity of the thing, and includes a 
 kind of a foliloquy, or deliberation of the 
 Ipeaker. 
 
 APO'STACY, S. [from «7rora<ri«l, of 
 a.<pt^afxai, Gr. to depart] tlie abandoning and 
 renouncing a religion one has before ptofelTed j 
 ufed always in a bad fenfe. 
 
 APO'STATE, S. i^from af^o/lata, Lat. 
 aTrcroTijf, Gr.j one who has forlaken or re- 
 nounced the religion or principl s he formerly 
 profeiisd. 
 
 To APO'STATIZE,V. A. [from apcjlan} 
 fo abandon or renounce one's religion ; uled 
 alwavs in a tad fenfe. 
 
 To APO'STEMATE, V. A. [from apo- 
 /lc;::e] to turn to an apofteme ; to form an 
 ablcefs; to coUedl and fwell with corrupt 
 matter. 
 
 APOSTEMA'TION, S. [from apc/fe,naie] 
 in Surgery, the forming an abfcefs. 
 
 APO'STEME, or AP0'STUME,S.ra,r5- 
 rv-ta, Gr. from ci^iiray.at, Gr. to depart] a 
 hoilow fwelling filled with purulent or corrupt 
 matter ; an abfcefs. 
 
 A PO'STERIORI, a kind of demonftra- 
 tion. See DEMONSTRATION, 
 
 APO'STLE, S. [apcjiolus, of a<!ro7o\o<; . 
 Gr. Irom an-t^zhX-j), Gr. to fend] in its moft 
 limited fenle, one who was an attendant and 
 dilciple of Chrift on earth, and ccmmifTioned 
 by h m, after his refurreftion, to preach the 
 gofpei to the world. In allufion to the cuf- 
 tcm of the Jews, one who is fent to cclleft 
 alms and contiibutions, " Epaphtoditus, your 
 meficnger, or apcjilt" air or '>>■■;, Gr. Philip. 
 i\. z^. 
 
 APO'STLESHIP, S. [from aponU and" 
 [cyp or Jcype, Sax.] the dignity or ojiice of an 
 fl/;t^'?/ejV.hxhcoiifii'led in preaching the to-'p'^'> 
 baptizing, woiking miraclss, and otdaini.ng 
 minifters, 
 
 APOSTO'LIC, or APOSTG/LICAL, Adj. 
 [from apcJlUj that which was taught or autho- 
 rized by the apofiles. 
 
 APOSTO'LIC ALLY, Adv.Tfrom apcpli- 
 :al iT\i />;] after the manner of an aptftie. 
 
 APO'-STRCPHE, S. [of a7r;i, Gr. from, 
 and t^giiju, Gr. to turn] in Rheroric, a break- 
 ing off from the thread of one's difcourfe to 
 addrefs foine other perfon or thing. In Gram- 
 mar, the cont.'ii^ion or fhortening of a votd 
 by the placing a comma over that part which 
 is dropped, as in the word y^cr^KiV??-. 
 
 To APOSTROPHIZE, V. A. [from a/'o/- 
 tropht\ to interrupt the thread of difcourfe, in 
 orcer to introduce fome foreign fubieft. 
 
 APO'THECA.RY, S. [from a7rcS);x»), Gr. 
 a fhop] one who pr^tlifes phsrmacy, or pre- 
 pares medicines according to the prefcriptions 
 o. the college, and occalion:lly vifr.s patients; 
 a praflice which is an encroachment on the 
 province cf phyficians, and did no: originally 
 oelong to the trade. 
 
 APO'TOME, S, [of ttTTo, Gr. ahd vf/uv*, 
 
 Gr. 
 
 t
 
 A P P 
 
 ■Gr. to cut] in Mathematics, the difierence 
 between a rational line and one only commea- 
 furable in power to the whole line. In Mufic, 
 the remaining part of an entire tone, after a 
 greater femitone has been taken from it. 
 Jts proportion in numbers is that of 204S 
 to 218^7. 
 
 A'POZEM, S. [from aTTo^ioi, Gr. to boil] 
 in Pharmacy, a medicine made by boiling 
 roots, plants, i^c. in vvater, called likewife a 
 iiecodlion. ' 
 
 To APPA'L, V. A. [appSlie, Fff.] to ftrike 
 with terror or fear^ to aifright ; to damp a 
 perfon's. courage ; to diihearten, including in 
 its fecondary ide^, the fudden appearance of 
 fome terrible obje£l. 
 
 APPA'LMENT, S. [from appaUn^ ment'] 
 fudden aftright, which robs a perfon of his 
 ■courage, and renders him inadlive. 
 
 APPARA'TUS, S, [Lat.] a colleaion of 
 inftruntients, neceffary to acc-omplifh any de- 
 lign, and applied to the tools of a trade ; the 
 inftruments ufed in philofophical experiments; 
 the bandages, .&c. of a furgeon; the furniture 
 of a houfe ; tiie ammunition for war. 
 
 APPA'REL, S. [It has no plural, fro.-n 
 appareil, Fr.] the cloathing worn for orni 
 ment or decency ; drefs. Figuratively, appear- 
 ance, or ornament. 
 
 To APPA'REL, V, A. to death; to drefs ; 
 to adorn ; lo fet out or embellifli. 
 
 APPA'RENT, Part, [apparent, Fr. from 
 apparens. Lit.] applied to truth, plain and 
 indubitable. Applied to fhape or form, feem- 
 ing, in oppofition to real. Applied to adlions; 
 or qualities, vifible ; manifeft or known, op- 
 pofed to fecret. And applied to the fucceflbr 
 to the crown, certain, oppofed to prefumptive. 
 y^ppattnt diameter in Aftronomy, is the angle 
 under which we fee the fun, moon and liars 
 apparent rr.agnitiide, is that which appears to 
 the eye, and is meafured by the quantity o! 
 the optic angle. 
 
 APP A'K ENTLY, Ad v. [from apparent and 
 /y] plainlj' ; evidently ; manifeftly. " Vices 
 apparently tend to the impairing of mens 
 healths." Tilktfos. 
 
 APPA'RITJON, S. [from appareo, Lat.] 
 the appearance of a thing, fo as to become vi- 
 fible to the eyes, or fenfible to the mind j a 
 vifible objedl; a fpeflre ; a ghoft, which is 
 the moft ecmmon acceptance at piefent. In 
 Aftronomy a flat's becoming vifhle, which 
 before was below the horicon j oppofed to 
 occultation. 
 
 APPA'RITORS, S. [from apparto, Lat.] 
 perfons who are at hand to execute the orders 
 of the magiftrate in any rourt of judicature; 
 the beadle who carries the mace before the 
 maflers, &c. in our uiiivf rfities. 
 
 APPEA'CHMENT, S. [from afpearb] an 
 information made againfl a perfon ; an accu- 
 fjtion. 
 
 To APPEAL, V.A.[^/>^£.Vo,Lat.]to trans- 
 fer a caufe, or difpute from one to .inotlier ; 
 
 APP 
 
 to apply one's felfto others for their opinion?; 
 or to cite as witneffes. 
 
 APPEA'L, S. fSe-To APPEAL] in Law, 
 the removal of a caufe from an inferior judge 
 to a fupcrior. 
 
 APPEA'LER, S. [from a/>/>fa/ and er, of 
 ivifr, Sax.] one who makes an appeal. 
 
 To APPEA'R, V. Neut. [from app.ino, 
 Lat.] t-o become an objeft of fight, or vi'ible 
 to the eye ; to make its appearance, like a fpi- 
 rit or ghofl; to be in the prcfence of another, 
 fo as to be feen by him ; to anfwer a fum- 
 mons, by attending a court of juftice; to feerh 
 to refemble, in oppdfjtion to reality. 
 
 APPEA'RANCE, S. [from appeay~\ the 
 a£l ot becoming an objp£l of fight ; the thing 
 leen, or obje£l of fight ; a phainomenon, or 
 the vifible qualities of an object ; femblance, 
 or fhow, in oppofition to reality ; that which 
 flrikes the eye ; the culfide ; the coming into 
 a place ; perfonal attendance or prcfence at a 
 court of juftice ; probability; refemblance. 
 
 To APPE'ASE, V. A. [appafir, Fr.] to 
 bring a perfon that is angry to a calm and even 
 temper; to pacify; to ailay the ravings of 
 a difordered mind. Figuratively, to quiet any 
 noife, outrage, or violence ; beautifully applied 
 to inanimate things. " A.s by his counfel he 
 appeajetb the deep." I Mac. xiii. 42. 
 
 APPE'ASABLE, Adj. [from appeafe and 
 abal, Sax. power, or pofTibility] that v^hich 
 may have the violence of pafTion lelTened, or 
 loftened ; that which is reconcileable. 
 
 APPE'ASEMENT, S. [from appeafe] a 
 flate of reconciliation, a ftaicof peace and 
 calmnefs. 
 
 APPE'ASER, S. [See APPEASE] one 
 who prevails on another to flifie his anger; or 
 brings about a reconciliation between parties* 
 APPEL'LANT, S. [from appellans, part, 
 of appello, Lat.] in Law, the party who brings 
 an appeal againft another ; one who appeals 
 from a lower to a higher court. 
 
 APPELLA'TION, S.[appellarlo, Lst. from 
 appello, to call or name] the name, dignity, or 
 title, by which one man is diftinguilhed rrom 
 another. 
 
 A.PPEL/LATIVE, S. [appellatk'tir,:, Lat.] 
 in Gr;unmar, words which itand f ( r univerfal 
 ideas, or a whole rank of beings, whether ge- 
 neral or fpecial ; as f/:', or eel, which agree 
 to many individuals, and the former to many 
 fpecies. 
 
 APPELLA'TIVELY, Adv. [from appet- 
 Jati-Je, and /y] after the manner of nouns ap- 
 pellative. 
 
 APPE'LLATORY, Adj. that which con- 
 tains an appeal. 
 
 APPELLE'E, S. [from nppeal] the perfon 
 againfV whom an appeal is brou;iht. 
 
 To APPE'ND, V. A. [from rr,/, to, and 
 pendeoy to hang] to hang on another ; to join 
 icmething as an additional, not as a principal 
 part. 
 
 APPEN'DAGE, S. [of a/i/.M</er<',Lat.]ahy 
 C 4 thin 2
 
 A P P 
 
 thing that being confidered aslefs principal, is 
 
 annexed or added to the principal. 
 
 APPEN'DANT, Af^j. [Fr ] hanging on 
 fomething elfe ; belonging or annexed to; ac- 
 companying. Thus an hofpiial may be a{>- 
 fetidant to a manor; a common of fiihing to 
 a freehold, Ufod likewife fubftantively for 
 fomething which belongs :o another, not as a 
 necefiary, but a cafiial and adventitious part. 
 ** A word, 3 look, a tr?ad, are appendants to 
 external beauty." Crew's Cojwol. 
 
 APPENDiCA'TiON, S. any thing whiih 
 is added as anoynament or ccnveniency, not as 
 necelTary to another. 
 
 APPEN^DIX, S. [Lat. its plural appen- 
 dices^ fomething added or appended to another, 
 not as conftitutlng a ne-efJ>.ry part of it, but 
 only as an emiitlhfhment or convenience- 
 Applied to aiSio.'a, concuirer.t circutr.flances. 
 Applied to book?, a kind of fupplemenr, or an 
 addition, in order to fnpply fome omiflions, 
 and render "hnn complete. 
 
 To APPERTAI'N, V. N. [appartenlr, 
 Fr.] t-i belong to as a right, by nature, or 
 appointment ; to relate, or be confined t 
 " Things appertair.'n? to this life." Ho:iker. 
 APPER'TAINMENT, S [from uppe^ 
 ta'iii\ that which relates, belongs to, or is a 
 property of, any rank or dignity. 
 
 APPER'TENANCIES, S. [apfarUnance, 
 Fr.3 that which belongs or rcUtes to a thing ; 
 the qualities, or prvpeitics of a body. 
 
 APPER'TiNENT, Adj. [from aW to, and 
 fert'wc>:s, Lat. belonging] that which is re- 
 tiuifite, or has a relation to. 
 ' APPETICI'LlTYj S. [from opteublc] the 
 qualitywhichrendersathjne theobjtCfofdefirc. 
 ■ AP/PETITE, S. [from appetite, Fr, of 
 oppetuus, Lat. J a defue of enjoying fomething 
 under the appearance of fenfible good ; a pro 
 penfity to an objed on account of tiie good it 
 is imagined to polVefs; a violent longing after 
 any thing. " Immoderate appetite of power." 
 Clarer.d. In Medicine, a natural periodical 
 call, or defire to eat or drink, in order to re- 
 pair the waftes occafioned by the excretions of 
 the body. 
 
 APPETI'TIVE, Adj. [from appetite] that 
 which defires; that which has the power of 
 defiring. 
 
 To APPLAUD, V. A, \app!audo, Lat.] 
 to teflify one's approbation by clapping of 
 hands ; to |)raifc, or fliew efteem for a perfon'4 
 nrierits. 
 
 APPL.AUD'ER, S. [from applaud and er,] 
 one who piillicly ihews his .ip^jrobation ; or 
 highly commends or praifcs the merits of an- 
 other. 
 
 APPLAUSE, S. [from applau^ut, Lat.] 
 approbation exprclTed witli all the trilimonies 
 of turbulent juy ; praife beftowed on merit by 
 public an<l privjte teftimonies of approbation 
 and ranturc. 
 
 AP'PLE, S. [apl, apple, e!p, Sax. aptl, 
 Belg. nfpfel, Teut. i^fa!, Brit, eble, Dan. 
 
 A P P 
 
 jahilko, Pol.] any kind of large fruit of a 
 round form, but appropriated at prefent to that 
 of the apple-tree, jppleof theeye. See PUPIL. 
 
 A'PPLE-TART, S. [apple and, rjrr] in 
 PaOry, a fmall pye, having apples within the 
 pafte. 
 
 A'PPLE-TREE, S. [apl-tree, or apl treow. 
 Sax. afallen, afallenrren, Biit, jabldrt, Ruff. 
 Sclav. Bohem.J in Gardening, a tree, whofc 
 fruit is round, generally hollowed about the 
 foot-ftalk, with cells including the feed, fepa- 
 ratcd by cartilaginous partitions. Its juice i« 
 fomewhat acid, the tree large and fpreading, 
 and its fl-owers confift of five leaves, expanding 
 in the, form of a rofe. Its fruit has various 
 names, and are diftinguifhed generally into 
 thofe that are fit for the defert, the kitchen, 
 and the cyder-prefs. 
 
 APPLl'ANCE, S. [from apply] the a£V 
 whereby one thing is applied to another ; or 
 the thing applied. AppUcai'tw is the word 
 now ufed. 
 
 APPLICABPLITY, S, [from applicable] 
 the placing or applying one thing to another ; 
 the quality which renders a. thing fit to be ap.. 
 plied. 
 
 AP'PLICABLE, Adj. [from applico, Lat.] 
 that which is agreeable, fuits, or may be af- 
 finned of a thing. 
 
 APP'LICABLY, Adv. [from applicable ani 
 /y,] in fuch a manner as to fuit, a-ree with, 
 or be conformable to, and confequfrntly may be 
 affidnned of, or applied ro, any thing. 
 
 AP'PLICATE, A.ij. [hom apply] in Ma- 
 themstics. See ORDINATE. 
 
 APPLICA'TION, S. [applicatin, Lat.] the 
 aft of applying one thing to another, either 
 by malcingthem touch, or bringing them near- 
 er to each other. Intenfenefs of thought or 
 (fudy. The employment of a means to pro- 
 duce a particular end, the addrefs, fuir, or re- 
 queft of a perfon. The adjufting, or dravving 
 inferences from the comparifon of one thing 
 to another. " The application of a fable." 
 
 AP'PLICATIVE, A6y [from applicate'] 
 that which applies or makes the application. 
 
 AP'PLiCATORY, Adj. [from applicate] 
 that which exerts the art of applying; Ufed 
 alfo fubftantively. " Faith is the inward ap- 
 plicatory.'" Bramhall. 
 
 To APPLY', V. A. [applico, Lat.] to 
 put one thing to another ; to lay remedies or 
 emplafters on a wound ; to ufe as relating or 
 conformable to any perfon or thing; to em- 
 ploy ; to put to a certain ufe ; to ufe as a 
 means to fome end ; to fix the mind or aiten- 
 lion upon any particular objefl ; t.i ilu-iy ; to 
 have recourfe to ; to work upon; to addrefl 
 as a petitioner. In Mathematics, to transfer a 
 given line into any figure, pirticularly a cir- 
 cle ; to fit quantities, whofe areas are eqnal, 
 but figures different. 
 
 To APPO'INT, V, A, [app-.in'er, Fr.] 
 to fettle or fix the time of fomctliing future j 
 to e/labli/h by decrte. 
 
 APrOI'N'TEX,
 
 A P P 
 
 APPCI'NTER, S. [from appe'int and er\ 
 of "Kar, Sjx. a man] lis who retcles or fixes 
 any time, thinf!, or place. 
 
 APfOPNTMENT, S. [nfpointmert,YT.'] 
 a thing fettled between two or more ; an agree- 
 ment to perform fomething future. 
 
 To ATPO'SE, V. A. [for cppofe] ufed by 
 Chaijcer to imply an examination of a fc'hol<r, 
 by embatafliag or puzrling him with quefti- 
 nns. For this We now ufe the word {ofe, which 
 is a coniraflini) o'' this word, 
 
 APPO'SITE, Adj. ftrom appSfius, L^r..'\ 
 proper, fit, I'uitable, well adapted to the pur- 
 pofe for which it wa? intended. Applied to 
 time, feafonable, or conrormable. Applied to 
 opinions Cr fentiments, proper, reafonable, or 
 agreeable to the fiibje£l which they tri-at of. 
 
 AP'FOSITELY, Adv. [*"rom dpp'Jiie,, and 
 y\ fiilv, fu'tablv, conforrhablv, properly. 
 
 APPOSi'TiON, S. [fro^i. 'app'f.m, Lit.] 
 the addition of fomething new, which is unit- 
 ed to that which was before, In Grarhrnar, 
 the putting of two fubftantive?, which fignifv 
 the fame thing, in the fame cafe ; as Chrljtus 
 Sahetor, Lat. " Chrift the Saviour," arid 
 "the River Thame?," in Enc^lifh. 
 
 To APPRAPSE, V. A/[<7/./.rwV, Fr.] 
 to rate, value, or fet a price on goods intended 
 for fale. 
 
 APPRAI'SER, S. [from appraife ^nd er} 
 one who fets a value upon goods, who is fworn 
 to do juftice between party and party, from 
 v.hence he is termed a fworn appra.fer, and is 
 obliged to take the goods at ths price which 
 he appraif's them at, providing no other will 
 purchafe them at that rats. 
 
 To APPRE'MEND, V. A. [from appre- 
 lendo, Lat.] to lay hold on j to fcize a perfun 
 as a malefiftor, in order lo brinij him to juf- 
 tice; to think on with f .medei;ree of anxiety 
 or terror. Applied to the operations of the 
 mind, to conceive fuperficially ; to have an 
 imperfefl or i/iadequ.:te idea of a thinj?. 
 
 APPRE'HENDER,S [UomappreherjAni 
 «r,] one who conceives a tiling imperfeiEtly ; 
 one who feiz s a malefaflor in order to bri''g 
 hiif) to iurtice ; aconc»iver; a thinker. 
 
 APPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [from fl/./,rf;f.«»- 
 fihilh, Lat.l that which may be apprehended 
 •r conceived, though not comprehended. 
 
 APPREHE'NSION, S. [apprehenfo, Lat.] 
 >mong Logicians, the me.-e contemplation of 
 things, without aff.r.Tiing or denying any thing 
 concerning them ; the faculty by whi.h we 
 perceive thofe ideas whic,'^. arc prtfent to the 
 tnind ; fear or anxiety ; fu'piricn of fomething 
 future. In Liw, the ''cizing of a malefadlor, 
 •r taking him into cuftoiy, in order to bring 
 Jiim to iuftire. 
 
 APPREHENSIVE, Adj. .[from aptre- 
 he^d'} that which is quick to ujideiftand, or 
 Conceive; fearful ; or fufpicious. 
 
 APPREHE'NSIVLY, Adv. [from ap- 
 prcbenftve, and /y] after the manner in which 
 the apprehenJJoa excrcifei itl'clf, with refp^d 
 
 A P P 
 
 'o its id -as ; in an inadequate, fuperficlal man* 
 ner, in oppOiicion to comprthenfively. 
 
 APPRE'N'TICE, S. [appnnti, Fr. from 
 appnrdrc, to learn] a youth boun.i for a cer- 
 tain number of years to a perfon, in order t» 
 learn his trade or profeHioa 
 
 To APPRE'NTICE, V, A. [fro-n the 
 noun] to bind a perfon .'or a certain number of 
 years to one who is to teach him his trade, (Sc. 
 APPREN'TlCFSHiP, S. [uom appnntict 
 3nd Jhip, {Tor{\ fcyp, or fcype, S:xx.^ the time 
 for which .1 perion is bound to continue to 
 another, in order to lern and pradife his 
 trade ; or the office of an aparentice. 
 
 To Ai^PR'lCE, V. A. [apri:, perfeft par- 
 ticle oi apprendre, Fr.] to give a perfun notice 
 of what he is a flranger to. 
 
 To APPRO'ACH, V. N. \approch'.r, Fr.] 
 api-lied to motion, to fhorten the diltance be- 
 •wecn objects ; to draw nearer, or go towards. 
 Applied to tirne, to be nearer its completion; 
 to bcne->rer or at hand. Figuratively, to come 
 near ; to refemble ; to bring nearer to j to lef- 
 (tn the dif^ance between objetTts. 
 
 APi^RO'ACH, S. [from the verb] the aft 
 of coming nearer to any objeifl ; accefs ; means 
 ufed to come nearer to a diftant: objeiV. In 
 Fortification, ufed in the plural, woiks thrown 
 up by the beiiegers, in order to adv^inct- nearer 
 to the place beCeged. Lin s of approach, are 
 Frenches cut in the ground, the earth of whick 
 is thrown up in the form of a parapet, on the 
 iide tov.ards the enemy, in oider to approach 
 the ccvert way, without being expofed 10 the 
 cannon of the befieged. In Ma'hematic, the 
 curve of Ci^uahle approach, is that wherein a 
 body defcending by the fole power of gravity, 
 .liall approach the earth equ jUy in equal times; 
 this problem of Leibnitz hjs been found by 
 Mjupertuis, to be the fccond cubical para-, 
 bola, placed fo, as its cubical progreflion is 
 uppermoft. 
 
 APPRO'ACHER, S. [from approach tmi 
 fr] the perfjn who come, nearer to another, 
 or advances towards a difiant objeft. 
 
 APPRO A'CHMENT, S. (horn approach] 
 the ::ft whereby the objcdt draws nearer to 
 anoilier. 
 
 APPROBATION, S. {approbaiio, Ln."] 
 'he acknowledging a thing to be worhy of 
 client, and of el^eem, eithei by a tacit conienr, 
 iir public confc/Tion; tho adl of spprovirjf, 
 liking, or efiec ning any thing; the confirma- 
 tion or fuppori of a thing. " Diop ihcir blood 
 in approtalhit of what, £ff." Sh.tkcl'p. 
 
 To APi'ROPERATE, V. A.\appr(,pero, 
 Lat, J to quicken a thing, with refpeit to mo- 
 tion ; to haflen action, applied to the lim; 
 in which it i<i cxL)e(ffed. 
 
 To APPROPrNQUE, V. N. lo fhorten, 
 applied to time ; to oiaw neater to. " My 
 days atipropirijuc to an end." Hud b. 
 
 A; PRQ'PRIADLE, Adj. [from apprO' 
 pr'iaic] that which may be confined or re- 
 i fliained to fomc'.hing particular.
 
 APS 
 
 To APPRO/PRIATE, V. A. [afprofrkr, 
 Fr. fiom propr'ium, Lat.] to dedicate, or con- 
 fine to a pirticular ufe; to claim an eXilufive 
 »if ht to. In Law, to annex as a property. 
 
 APPROn^RIATE, Adj. [from the verb] 
 peculiar; confined, reftrained, or limited to 
 lome peculiar (enfe, or ufe, 
 
 APPROPRIA'TION, S. [from abp>opn- 
 ate] applied to things, the appLcaiion of 
 them to fome peculiar ufe. Applied to qua- 
 litiet, the cbiming as belonging to one's felf, 
 in an extraordinary, if not exckifive manner. 
 Applied to words, the itftraining them to a 
 particular fcnfe, or confining them to fignity 
 a particular idea. In Law, the annexing a 
 beaefice to the proper arid perpetual ufe of 
 lome relieioiis houie. 
 
 APPR'OPRIA'TOR, S. [from apprcpn- 
 ute] one who is pofieifed of an appropriated 
 benefice. 
 
 APPROVANCE, S, [from atpro-ve] a 
 word feldom uled. " The leaft afprctance to 
 bcftow." 1 bcmfcni Sprhig. 
 
 To APPROVE, V. A. [apprcfcr, Fr. 
 from approto, Lat.] to be pleafed with ; to 
 be delighted with from a conviftion of merit; 
 to make worthy of approbation. " 'i'o tippro-ve 
 himfelf to God by righteoufnefs." Rogers. 
 
 APPRO'VEABLE, Adj. [from iippro-vc 
 and able^ that which, on account of its merits, 
 appears worthy of approbation. 
 " APPRC'VEMENT, S. [from appro-ve] 
 confent, including liking, or approbation. 
 
 APPRO'VER, S. [trom approve and er, 
 of 'zuar, Sax, a man J one who approves j 
 one who puts to the proof, or mrlccs trial of. 
 
 APPRO'XIMATE, Adj. [from ad, to, 
 and proxhhui, Lat. near] that which approach- 
 es near to. 
 
 APPROXIMATION, S. [from approxi- 
 rr.a:e\ the comijig, or apprtaching nearer to 
 anything. In Arithmetic, a continual ap- 
 proach to a root or quantity fought, without 
 being able ever to arrive at it exa£\!v, 
 
 A'PRIL, S, [/JprUls, Lat.] the fourth 
 calendar month in the year ; rtprefented by 
 ancient painters, as a young mm in green, 
 whh a garland of myrtle and hawthorn buds; 
 in one hand, primrofes and violets; and in 
 the other the tign Taums. 
 
 A'PRON, S. [from afcrar. for foran, Sax. 
 before; fupp6fcd by Minfhew to be a contrac 
 tion oi apJic-rine] a pate of drcfs cc^fiiling of 
 cloth, (fc. which hanjs from the middle 
 oownW.iri^E, worn by the ladies for ornomcnt, 
 by aitificsrs to keep their cloaths clean. In a 
 goofe it flei^ifi^s the fat frcin which covers the 
 belly. Jn Gunnery, a piece of lead which co- 
 vers thp tf>\ich-hole of n great gun. 
 
 A'PRON-MAN, S. [horn apron and »;an] 
 a man who %vears an apron; amethanic; a 
 word of rtproich. "'You and y<iui apron- 
 men." Shxiifp. 
 
 A'PSi\S,ii.[a-U?,C,r. an arch or. vnult] 
 in Aftronomy, the hlgheft or lowtft point 
 
 of a planet's orbit, i. e. either in Its apogee, 
 
 or perigee. 
 
 APT,' Adj. [from aptus, lat.] fit ; a 
 relative term, implying the fuitaliienefs of a 
 thing to procure fome end ; that which has 
 a tendency to. Ready or quick, applied to the 
 mind 
 
 A/pTITUDE, S. [Fr.] fitnefs to bring 
 about the defued end ; tendency; propenfity, 
 
 ATTLY, Adv. [from apt and /j»] with 
 great propriety ; jafliy, or pertinently ; readily 
 or quicklv, "He learnt his bufinel's aptly." 
 
 A'PTNESS, S. [from apt and nejs'] a 
 relative term, implying the fuiiableiiefs of any 
 means to procure its ^nd. Applied to bodies, 
 tendency; to minds, di pofition, or inclina- 
 tion; to the undeirtanding, quicknefs, facility, 
 or eafe in conceiving. 
 
 A'PTOTE, S. "[from a, Gr. negative, 
 ■rrlaxrig, a cafij an in' eclinable noun, or fuch 
 ashab no variation of cafes. 
 
 A'PUS, S. [Lat.] in Aftronomy, the bird 
 of paradife, a conftellaiion in theS.hen-iifphere. 
 
 A'PYREXY, S. [from a, negative, and 
 TTDjE^ia, Gr. a fever] in Phyfic, the interval 
 between the fits of an intermittent, or the 
 entire ctfidtion of a continual fever. 
 
 A'QUA, S. [Lat.] water, y^ qua forth, 
 or ftrong wafef, a corrofive liqxior, made by 
 diflilling purified nitre with calcined vitriol, 
 or redlified oil of vitriol, in a ftrong heat. 
 ylqua n:ariiia, aqua tnarim, in natural Kiftory, 
 a precious ftone, which takes its name from 
 its fea-green colour. Aqua mlrabilh, or the 
 wonderful water, is diftilled from fpices, 
 infufe in fpirits of wine, and is a very 
 good cordial. Aqua reg'ia, the royal water, 
 a ftrong corrofive fpirit, v.'hich difiolves fold, 
 and is compoftd of fpiiii of nitre and fpirit of 
 fea fait. Aqua -vifa, or water of life, in a 
 general fenfe, brandy or fpirit of wine ; but in 
 a more confined fenfe, reftrained to that fpirit 
 which is drawn from malt; the other term 
 l/ranJy being appropriated to that which is 
 dr.iwn from wine only. 
 
 AQUALl'CULUS, S. [a diminutive from 
 aqua, Lat. water] in Anatomy, that part of 
 the belly wiiich leaches from the navel to the 
 pubes. Likewife applied to the flomach, or 
 interna! tube. 
 
 AQUa'RIUS, S. [ftomaqua, Lat. water] 
 in Aftroncmy, one of the twelve figns in the 
 ecliptic, which the f'jn enters in the beginning 
 of January, and deiivcs its name Iro.m the fup- 
 pofed quantity of ran which falls while the 
 fun is in it. In allufion to which, it is de- 
 fcribed in the Zndlac on globes, in the form of 
 a man inclining on «n um flawing with water. 
 
 AQUA'TIC,or AQyA'TICK,Adj.[fl^^>2. 
 t'lctii, Lat. horn aqua, water] applied to ani- 
 mals, that which lives in the water. Ap- 
 plied to vegetables, that which grows in the 
 water. 
 
 A'QUEDUCT, or A'QU/EDUCT, S. 
 [j^r/aj Lat. water, and duBut, Lat. a conduitj 
 
 a chan-
 
 A R A 
 
 a channel formed of ftone, brick?, or timber, 
 to convey water from one place to another. 
 In Anatomy, this term is applied to a long 
 canal in the os fetiofum. 
 
 AQUE'OUS, Adj. [from aqua, Lat. 
 waterj watery particles. Jlquecitn humour. 
 See EYE. 
 
 A/QUILTNE, Adj. [from aquUa, of aqu'i- 
 Irins, Lat, an eagle] refembling an e.gle. 
 Applied to tlie nofe, hooked, or like aa eagle's 
 beak. 
 
 A'QUOSE, Adj. [from a^j/5/i/j,L3t.]wateryj 
 abounding with particles of water. 
 
 AQUOSI'TY, S. [from aquofe] waterifh- 
 jiefs ; or the quality fo named from its abound- 
 ing with particles of water. 
 
 A. R. an abbreviature for Anna rcg'wa, Q^ 
 Anne, or anno regm, in the year of the 
 reign. 
 
 A'RABIC, S. the tongue of the Arabians, 
 a branch of the Hebrew. Arabic is likewiie 
 applied to a gum, which diftils from a thorny 
 plant in Arabia. 
 
 A'RABIC, Adj. that which belongs to, 
 or is ufed in Arabia. Arabic cbaracicrs, are 
 the figures which we make ufe of at prefent 
 in arithmetic. 
 
 A'RABISM, S. {arabifmus, Lat.] a me- 
 thod of expreflion, or idiom peculiar to the 
 Arabs. 
 
 ARA'BLE, Adj. [from an,, Lat. to plow] 
 that which is fit for plowing, and to produce 
 corn. 
 
 A'RAC, or ARRAC, S. [pronounced 
 rtick,\ni, implying ftrons waters, or fpirituous 
 liquors] an excellent fpirituous liquor, made by 
 the Chinefe from cocoa, rice, or fugar ; the 
 former of which is the beft: there are two 
 forts imported into England, I'ia. the Goa and 
 Batavia. 
 
 ARACHNOI'DES, S. [from afaxm, Gr. 
 a fpider, and ei!©^, a form or fiiape] in 
 Anatomy, a fine flcnder tunic, encompafling 
 the cryftalline humour of the eye, which de- 
 rives its name from its refembiing a cobweb. 
 
 AR.ffiO'METER, S. [from a^at®-, Gr. 
 thin, and fxn^iji, to meafure] in Hydroftatics, 
 an inftrument ufed to difcover the weight or 
 gravity of fluids. 
 
 AR.^O'STYLE, S. [from ajai©-, Gr. 
 thin, and rf^"^, a column] in Archittdlure, 
 the greateft interval or diftance whicii can be 
 between pillars; which is eight modules, or 
 four diameters, 
 
 AR.(EO'TICS, S. [from a^Mv, Gr. to 
 rarify] in Pharmacy, medicines which rarify 
 or thin the blood. 
 
 ARAI'GNEE, [Fr. a fpider] in Fortifi- 
 cation, a branch, return, or gallery of a 
 mine. 
 
 ARA'NEA TUNICA, S. See ARACH- 
 NOIDES, 
 
 ARA'NEOUS, Adj. [from aranea, Lat. 
 a cobweb] that which refembles a cobweb. 
 "The avaneoui membrane of the eye." Derham, 
 
 A R B 
 
 ARA'NEA, S. [from aranea, Lst. a 
 cobweli] a filver ore found in the mine of Ca- 
 tamito in Potofi, which refembles a cobweb, 
 beinff compofed of threads of pure filver. 
 
 A'RATORY, Adj. [from aro, Lat. to 
 plow] that which relues to plowing. 
 
 A'RBITER, S. [Lat.] a perfon chofen by 
 mutual confent between two or more parties, 
 to decide the fiibjedt of their difagret-meiit ; 
 one who is in veiled with a power to decide any 
 difference. " Sole arbiter of the affairs of 
 Chriftendom." "Temple. 
 
 A'RBITRABLE, Adj. [arbitrcr, Lat.] 
 arbitrary, voluntary j determined purely by 
 the v.'ill, v/ithout regard to any other motives. 
 
 ARBl'TRAMENT,S,[trom<3;/';.';-jr,Lat.j 
 choice; or the exercife of the will in choofip.g 
 or affenting to any thing, " In thine arbi~ 
 trament it (lands," Par, Lofl, 
 
 ARBITRA'RILY, Adv. [from arbitrary 
 and /y] in fuch a manner as implies a bare 
 exertion of the will, without any regard to 
 motives or confequences; inaiefpotic, tyran- 
 nical, or abfolute manner. 
 
 ARBITRA'RIOUS, Adj. [from arbUra- 
 rius, Lat. J depending entirely on the will ; 
 precarious, " No precarious exifience, or 
 arbitrarious dependence on any will." Norris, 
 
 ARBITRA'RIOUSLY, Adv. [from ar~ 
 bitiarious and /y] arbitrarily; according to 
 the mere and obftinate determination of the 
 will. 
 
 A'RBITRARY, Adj. {arhltrarlus, Lat.J 
 not reltrained or determined by any law, or 
 reafons ; capricious, poficive, defpotic, and 
 dogmatic. 
 
 To A'RBITRATE, V.A. [artoror, Lat.] 
 to decide or determine a difference; to judge 
 of. Uled r.euterly, to give judgment, or pro- 
 nounce fentence. 
 
 ARBITRATION, S. [from arbitror, 
 Lat.J the determination of a caulc by a judge 
 mutually chofen by the parties at difference. 
 
 ARBITRA'TOR, S. [from arbitratus, 
 Lat.J a perfon chofen by contending parties lo 
 determine a difference between them j a deter- 
 miner. 
 
 ARBl'TREMENT, S.[from arbii.ror,Ut.] 
 dccifion, or determination pronounced by an 
 umpire ; a compromife. 
 
 A'RBOR, [Lat.J in Botany, a tree. Ja 
 Mechanics, that part of a machine which 
 fupports the rtfl-; likcv;ife the fpindle or asis 
 on w}:f h a machine turns. 
 
 A'RBOR PHILOSO'PHICA, S. or the 
 philojOphicat tree, in Chemiftry, that which is 
 formed for metalline cryftallizations, which 
 refemble a tree : of this fort is the Arbor Di- 
 'inte, formed from 4 precipitation of filver with 
 mercury. Arbor Martis, or ihe /la!- tree, that 
 whith is formtrd from a diflbiution of iron 
 filings in fpirits of nitre. A-bor Porpbyriana, 
 or Porphyry''! tree. In Logic, it it a fcale ot 
 beings, cotififtin:^; of three rows. 
 
 A'RBOR YITJE, S. or the tiuofllfe, in 
 fiocany.
 
 ARC 
 
 Botany, fo called from its perpetual verdure. 
 Its branches are flattiih, bearing leaves fome- 
 what like the cyprefs, and having white cones 
 at the extremity of the branches. 
 
 ARBO^REOUS, AJj. [arhoreus, Lat.] 
 belonging to trees. In Botany, a fungus or 
 mofs, whiah grows on trees. 
 
 ARBO'RIST, S. [arionjfe, Fr. from ar- 
 ior, Lat. a treej a naturalift, who applies 
 himfelf peculiarly to ftudy the nature and cul- 
 tivation of trees, 
 
 ARBO'ROUS, Adj. [from arior, Lat.] 
 that which is formed of, or be!onf;s to, irees. 
 *' Under a fliady arborous roof." Var. Loft. 
 
 A'RBOUR, S. [of arbore, Lat. heiberga, 
 Sax. herberghe, Belg. ha berg, Teut. a houl'e. 
 Spelt berber by ChaucerJ a kind of fhady bower, 
 or cabin, formed of the branches of trees, and 
 contrived fo as to admit the air^ and keep off 
 the fuA and rain. 
 
 ARC, S. [flrcMi, Lat.] a fegment, or 
 part of a circle, not exceeding a lemi-circlej 
 an arch. 
 
 ARCA'DE, S. [Fr.] a continued arch, or 
 walk, confifting of feveral arches united toge- 
 ther. 
 
 ARCA/NUM, S. [Lot. in the plural ace- 
 ra] a fecret ; generally applied ;o the noftrum 
 of a quack. 
 
 ARCH, S. [arcu!, Lat.] the fky. " See 
 this vaulted arch." Shakefp. In Mathematics, 
 part of any curve 'ine, whether it be ellipfis, 
 circle, &c. Aich, in Arrhi'edlure, is a vault, 
 or concave building, bent in the form of an 
 arch of a curve, and is divided into circular, 
 elliptical, and itraight. Circular arches Art 
 cither fuch as are an exa£l lemi-cirtle, or 
 vhoi'e center is in the middle ol a line drawn 
 from one foot to the other, which are called 
 femi-circular a/i'Z>«. E'li}>f'eal arches are thofe 
 vhlch confift of a fcmi ellipfis, and were lor- 
 merly uled inftead of mantle-trees iri chlmiiies. 
 Sira^ght arches have flraight edges, boUi upper 
 a.'nd under parallel; but both tlieir enas and 
 joints pointing towards a certain center, j^rch 
 of a budge is the vaulted Interval between its 
 piers. A tr\ar>:pkal arch\s i gite built with 
 ftone, &c, "aud richly ornamtnced with tro- 
 phies, t3^f 
 
 To ARCH, V. A. [ercuo, Lat.] to b.iild, 
 or form into arches ; to cover with arches. 
 
 ARCH, Adj. [from afX'^c, Gr. chief] 
 ufed in ccmpofition, to exprcfs fometj^ing ot 
 the fitft rank, or order, apjlied to digni.y, as 
 arcb^'ijljop : but fomeihing fupeilative, applies 
 to quaniity, as an arihherei'ie, and is pro- 
 Jiouriced A>ft before a confnnant, like ch in 
 choice, but hard before a vowel, like the Greek 
 jj, or as if ihe h was dropped. It fometimes 
 implies a perfon endued wi h a great deal ot 
 low cunning, or tnflingly mifchitvous, *' He 
 had the reputation of an arch lad at fihool." 
 S-w'ff. 
 
 ARCHIAIO'LOCy, S. [from efX'"'«.Gr. 
 aiuiuit, and X'^^o;, a difcuurfcj a ailcourfe on 
 
 ARC 
 
 antiquity; or a treatlfe on the opinion, ^f. 
 of the ancients. 
 
 ARCH-A'NGEL, S. [from li^x^' ^r. 
 chief, and afyty^, an angel] one of the fu- 
 perior order ot angels. Likewife the name of 
 a plant, named alfo Dead Nettle. 
 
 ARCH-BE'ACON, S. [from arch and 
 ieacon\ the chief fignal, or place of profpeft. 
 " The Cornifh arch bcaccn.^^ Carezv. 
 
 ARCHBI'SHOP, S. [arcehifcope, Sax^ of 
 apxj^, Or. chief, and EWtyxow^, an over- 
 fcer, or bifhopj a chief bilhop, or metropo- 
 1 tan prelate, having under him feveral fuftra- 
 gan bi/liops. 
 
 ARCHBl'SHOPRIC, S. [from archbljhofi 
 and rifj the dignity, lltte, juriCdidlion, f.r 
 province belonging to an archbilhop. There 
 are two in England, namely, York, and Can- 
 terbury, the prehtes whereof are called pri- 
 mates, and alter fome altercation for fuperio- 
 .y'J'; that of Canterbury was called priinate of 
 •at! England, and that of York, only primate 
 f England. 
 ARCHDE'ACON, S. [archidiaconus, Lat. 
 arcbidiacom, or arcediacone, .Sax.] a prieft, 
 vefted with su'horiry or jurifdiflion over the 
 clergy and laity, next to the bifhop, either 
 through the whole diocefe, or only a part of 
 it. There are fixty in England, who vifit 
 every two years ia three, wherein they en- 
 quire into the reparatisrs 2nd moveables be- 
 or ging to churches, reform abufes, fufpend, 
 excommunicate, in fome places prove wills, 
 and induft ail clerks i: to benefices within 
 their relpp£^ive iurifJif.ion?. 
 
 AR'.HDEA'CONRY, S. \irom archdea- 
 con and ric, b.ix.] the jurifdi£lion, office, or 
 urovince of an archdeacon. 
 
 ARCHDEA'CONSHIP.S. [^rom arebde^i- 
 cvn ind J}jip} the office or dignity of an arch- 
 deacon. 
 
 ARCHDU'CKESS, S. [from arch and 
 duchejje, Fr.] the title of the fifter or daughter 
 ot an archduke. 
 
 ARCHDUKE, S. [archidux, Lat.] a duke 
 veiled with lome greater privilege, or autho- 
 rity, than others. 
 
 A'RCHE, S. [from ajx"- ^^i"- *^^ bfg'i- 
 ningj in Medicine, the beginning, fitft period, 
 orfirfl attack, of a difeafe. 
 
 AR'CHED, Part, [from to arch'] crooked, 
 or bent in the form of an arch. 
 
 A'RCHER, S. [archer, Fr.] one who 
 fliooin with a bow ; or one who ufcs a bow in 
 battle. 
 
 A'RCHERY, S. [from archer'^ the art or 
 exercife ot Ihooting with a bow. 
 
 AR'CHES-COURT, S, [fo called from 
 Bow Church, in London, where it was kept) 
 which likewife received its j>3me from its top 
 being raifed on pillar';, built bo-xv or arch- 
 wilej the chief and moft ancient conflfiory 
 or court of the archbifhop of Canterbury, for 
 debating fpiritual caufes. The judge of the 
 coutt is called I'm dean of the arclus, 
 I ARCIIE.
 
 ARC 
 
 ARCHETY'FE, S, [archety^um, Lat.J 
 the original model, or pattern of any thing. 
 " A man, a tree, arc the outward archetypes, 
 or patterns of our ideas." JVutti's Log. 
 
 ARCHETY'PAL, Adj. {'iiom archetype] 
 original ; that which has fomething which 
 may fervc as a pattern to copy from. 
 
 ARCH.ffi'US, S. [from a^^i,, Gr, a prin- 
 ciple] a word ufed by Paracelfus and other 
 chetnifts, to exprefs a principle of motion, the 
 caufe of all the vifible changes and operations 
 ef bodies. 
 
 ARCHIA'TER, S. [from afX^, Gr, 
 chief, and jarftoj, a phyfician] the chief phy- 
 fician of a prince, or crowned head. 
 
 ARCHiDIA'CONAL, Adj. [from archi- 
 diaconus, Lat,] that which belongs, or relates 
 to, an archde<icon. 
 
 ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, Adj. [from archi- 
 epijcjpus, an archbifhop] that which belongs 
 to, oris exercifed by, an archbifliop. 
 
 ARCHTiMEDES, a Greek, famous for his 
 knowledge of mechanics, and inventor of feve- 
 ral inftruments and machines, which are the 
 wonder even of th s enlightened age. 
 
 ARCHIPE'LAGO, S. [irom a^x^' ^^^ 
 chief, and WEAan^, a fea] a fea inierrupted 
 with a clufter of iflands ; the .^gean fea is 
 moft commonly meant by this word, though 
 it is a general term ; that of the Caribbees 
 has ia,oco iflands, and that of the Philip- 
 pines, 1 1,000 
 
 A'RCHITECT, S, [anhiteausy from aj- 
 J^©-, Gr, chief, and tatlxy, a workman] a 
 perfon fkilled in building ; who draws pbns 
 and rtefigns, conducts the work, and direfts 
 the artificers employed in carrying it on. fi- 
 guratively, any one who is au;hot of any grand 
 undertaking, or contriver of any defign. 
 
 ARCHITE'CTIVE, Adj. [irom architeB] 
 that which relates to building or architeftnre. 
 
 ARCHITECTO'NIC, Adj. [from ajp(;'^, 
 Gr. chief, and tek av, an artificer] that wiiich 
 has the power and fkill of an architeft. 
 
 ARCHIT'ECTURE,S.[arc/f-i/fj?ard,Lat.] 
 the art of building : divided into three bran- 
 €he<;, civil, military, or naval. The civil 
 confifts in cre<^Hnij habitations for men, or 
 temples for worfljip. The military confifts in 
 flrengthening and fortifying places, named 
 fortification. Naval architeBm c, i^^ that which 
 teaches the conllruftion of fhips, or vefTe's 
 floating on the water, anJ is named fliip- 
 building. 
 
 A'RCHITRAVE, S. [from aj^^ Gr. 
 chief, and trabi, Lat. 3 beam] in rtichitcc- 
 ture, the lowed member oi the cntabl.iture, 
 which lies immediately upon thecjpital. In 
 Timber-building, it is ftiled tiie leifon-piece, 
 or mafl-er beam. In chimnle^, the mantle- 
 piece ; and over jambs of dxnf, or windows, 
 hyperthyron. 
 
 ARCHIVAU'LT, . - chhoUe, ! r. from 
 srcus, Lat. an arch, and iwluius, volute] in 
 Architefturc, ths inward wntour of an arch j 
 
 ARE 
 
 or a band adorned with mouldings running 
 over the faces of the arch ftones, and bearing 
 on the impofts. 
 
 ARCHIVES, S. [it has no fingular, from 
 anhi-ja, Lat. oi area, a cheflj the places 
 wherein records, or ancient manufcripta are 
 preferved. Figuratively, the records and ma- 
 .^ufcripts themfelve?. 
 
 A'RCHON, S. [aix,<^y,GT.'] m Antiquity, 
 the chief magiftrate at Athens. 
 
 ARCH-TREA'SURER, S. [from avcb 
 and treaft/rer] the great treafuret of the Ger- 
 man empire. 
 
 A'RCHWISE, Adv. [from arch and "ujlfe, 
 from ghUje, Teut, a fhape] in the ihape or 
 form of ?n a'-ch. 
 
 ARCILB'UTO, S, [Ital.] In Mufic, a 
 long and large lute, with brafs firings, like a 
 theorbo, having each row double, with an 
 oftave or unifon, ufed by Italians for a tho- 
 rough baf?. 
 
 A'RCTIC, Adj [from a^xl^^ Gr. a kear, 
 ihe name of the northern conftslhuionj nor- 
 thern; Lying under, or near the north ftar, 
 c-^lled ^r^os. Ar£itc circle, a lefl'er circle of 
 the fphere, parallel to the equinoitial, and 
 66 deg. 30 min. diftant from it towards the 
 north pole. 
 
 ARCTU'RUS, S. [from ajXTsj, Gr. a 
 bear, and am^, a tail, becaufe fituated near 
 the tail of the Great Bear] a fi,>ced (lar oi the 
 firft magnitude in the conftellation Bootes. 
 Lat. 30 deg. 57 min. N. Long. 19 deg, 
 55 min, 52 fee. of Libra, according to Flacn- 
 ftead. 
 
 A'RCUATE, Adj. [from arcuatus, Lat.] 
 bent in the form of an arch. 
 
 ARCUA'TION, S. [from arcuo, Lat. to 
 bend] the a£l of bending any thing; the ftate 
 of being bent. In Surgery, a bending of the 
 bones, which appears in the cafe of the rick- 
 e s; the protuberance of the fore parts of 
 the body, with the bending of the bones of 
 tiie ftcrnum. In Gardening, the method of 
 raifing tree? by layers. 
 
 A'RDENCY, S. [from ardent] applied to 
 ;he affcftions, warmth; applied to ftudy, ac- 
 tivity. 
 
 A'RDENT, Adj. [arderts, Part. Lat. from 
 ardf), to Djrnj applied to the qualities of boJy, 
 hot, burning, infl<iming ; applied to thofe of 
 the mind, fierce, vehement, violentjpaflionate, 
 infl .med. 
 
 A'RDEMTLY, Adv, [from ardent and lyl 
 wariTily. eagerly, paffionately. 
 
 A'RDOR, S. [Lat. wrote ardour fomc- 
 timcs, as derived from ardcur, Fr.] heat ap- 
 plied to the quality o: body ; warnoth, violence 
 ot affi'f^ion, applied to the mind. 
 
 A'RDUOaS, Adj. [arduus, Lat] a thing 
 which is both lofty and difficult to afcend. 
 Figuratively, fomething vvhich is both im))or- 
 tant, fublimc, and difficult to compr.hend. 
 
 ARE, the third perfon plural of the verb 
 api, ufed when we f^ea}; of two or more per- 
 
 f«ns
 
 A tl G 
 
 fons, and feems to be derived from ihe'r, eru, 
 the third perfon pluial of eg, er, Icel. En/, 
 is likewife the third perfon pluril, Runic, ^re 
 is likewife in Miific, applied by GuidoRheni 
 to the loweft note in his fcale or gamiir. 
 
 A'REA, S. [Lat.J the furface contained 
 between any lines or limits. Any fuif^ce, 
 fuch as the floor of a room, the vacant part 
 or ftage of an amphitheatre. In Geometry, 
 the fpace contained vifithin the lines bounding 
 it, reckoned in tlie fquare part of any niea- 
 fure. In Phvfic, it is afpecics of the Alepecia. 
 AREFA'CTION, S. [from arefacic, Lat.] 
 the aft of making tliy, or the fiate of drying. 
 ARENA'CEOUS, Adj.' [horn arena, Lat. 
 fand] compofed of fand ; fandy. 
 
 ARENA'TION, b. [from arena, Lat ] in 
 Medicine, a dry bath, wherein the patient fits 
 with his feet upon hot fand, and has it caft 
 upon different parts of his body, 
 
 ARENO'SE, Adj. [from' areni, Lat.] 
 fandy, or abounding with fand. 
 
 AREOSrULOUS, Adj. [a diminutive from 
 arena, Lat,] confifting of Imall fand. 
 
 ARCO'LA, S. [Lac] in Anatomy, the 
 coloured circle furronnding the nipple. 
 
 AREO'PAGUS, S. [from A,:'^, Gr. for 
 Mars, and •jiay'^, a hill or plain, an emi- 
 nence] a tribunal belonging to Athens, re- 
 markable for the integrity of iheir decifions 
 who fat in the oppn air in the night time. 
 
 ARE0T0'L0GY,S. [iron ajsru, Gr. vir- 
 tue, and \oy@^, a difcourle] a treatife on vir- 
 tue i called likewife Ethics, or Moral Philo- 
 fophv. 
 
 A'RGAL, or AR.GOL, S. the hard lees 
 flicking to the lides of wine velTels, called 
 Taitar. 
 
 A'RGENT, Adj. [from argentum, Lat. 
 lilver] that which refembles filver ; filvered. 
 In Heraldry, the white colour in the arms of 
 gentry ; exprefTed by engravers by a total omil- 
 fion of lines in a fhield. 
 
 ARGENTA'TION, S. [from arg^ntwn, 
 Lat.j ,the overlaying a thing with fiiver; or 
 the covering any body with a thin or tliick 
 plate of filver; filvering. 
 
 A'RGIL, S. \argiUa, Lat.] potter's clay. 
 ARGILLA'CEOUS, Adj. [of argVla, 
 Lat.] of the nature of potter's clay. 
 
 ARGI'LLOUS, Adj [from argU] confift- 
 ing of clay; of the nature of clay. " Sand 
 and arg'illoui eaith." Brci.un'i V'ulg. Err. 
 
 A'RGO, S. [Gr.] in Antiquity, the fhip 
 wherein the Argonauts performed their famous 
 expedition. In Aflronomy, a fouthern con- 
 ftellation of fixed ftars. 
 
 AR'GONAUTS, S. a company of liluf- 
 trious Greeks who attended Jafon in hi: 
 expedition to fetch the golden fleece from 
 Colchis. 
 
 To ARGUE, V. N. \argito, Lat,] to 
 evince the truth or faifiiood of any thing by 
 proofs. Fi'^uratively, to perfuade ; to bring 
 leafons for or agavf, \ to plead; or handle; 
 
 A R I 
 
 to debate. " To argue a caufe." To infef^ 
 i.T allufion to the deduftions of reafon. " So 
 many laws argue fo many fins." Par. hoft. 
 To charge, or prove by rational confequence. 
 A'RGUER, S. [irom argus\ one who 
 akes ufe of realons in order to evince any 
 truth, or rails conviftion in the mind of an- 
 other ; a reafoner ; a difputer. 
 
 A'RGUMENT, S. [from argumentum, 
 Lat.] a reafon brought to prove, or difprove 
 any tl;ing ; the fubjeft of any difcourfe or 
 writing; a concife view of the heads of any 
 difcoaife. In Law, a caufe, debate, or fuit ; 
 a controverfy. In Rhetoric, a prob^ible rea- 
 fon aUedged to gain belief. In Allronomy, 
 an arch, by which we feek another propor- 
 tional to thefirft. 
 
 ARGUME'NTAL, Adj. [from argtment'] 
 that '.vhich is formed upon the deduftions of 
 realon ; belonging to argument; reafoning. 
 
 ARGUMENTA'TION', S. [from argu- 
 ;«e;;f] the evincing the truth or falftiood of any 
 propofiton by reafoning ; the aft or efteft of 
 reafoning. 
 
 ARGUMENT A'TIVE, Adj. [from argu- 
 ment'] confifting of argument, or the deduc- 
 tions of reafon; containing reafons. 
 
 A'RIA, S, [Ital,] in Mufic, an air, a fong, 
 a tune or a lelTon. 
 
 A'RIAN, Adj. [from Arius, the founder] 
 belonging to, or maintained by Arius. Ufed 
 fubftantively for one of the feft of Arius, a 
 prefbyter in 320, who held, that Chrift, 
 though the Word, was inferior to the Father, 
 with refpeft to his Deity, feff. 
 
 A'RiANiSM, S. [from Ariari] the prin- 
 ciples maintained by the Arians. 
 
 ARI'DITY, S. [ariditas, L.t.] a want 
 of mnifture, or drynefs. In Divinity, a ftate 
 of infenlibility, or want of ardency in devo- 
 tion. " The greatefl aridities and dejec- 
 tions." Norrii. 
 
 A'RIES, S, [Lat.] in Aftronomy, a con- 
 ftellation of fixed ftars, the firft of the twelve 
 f.^ns in the zodiac which the fun enters ; hie- 
 ro3lyphically reprefcnted by the ram, becaufe 
 it is tiien the teeming time for that kind of 
 animal. 
 
 To A'RIETATE, V. N. [arleto, Lat.] 
 to butt, or to attack with the head, like 3 
 ram. 
 
 ARIETA'TION, S. [from arieio, Lat.] 
 the aft of butting like a ram ; the attacking 
 with a battering ram; the collifion of pir- 
 ticles with each other. " Tumultuary mo- 
 tions and arieialions of other particles." 
 GlanvH. 
 
 ARI'GHT, Adv. [from a expletive, and 
 rigbi', of yi/;t, Sax.] truly, judly, or confiftent 
 with law ; properly, or in fu^h a manner 
 as to atta n the delired end. " Direft my dart 
 aright,'''' Dryd. 
 
 To ARI'SE, V. N. [its Pret. arofe, Part. 
 arijen\ from ar'ijan. Sax. ri'ifen, Belg. re'iffr, 
 D,in.] to afte.adj n^ove uf wards from the 
 
 earth %
 
 ARM 
 
 earth ; to get up as from fleep ; to change 
 the pofture from fitting or ftanding; to come 
 in view; to become vifible ; to ccme out of 
 the grave ; to flow or proceed from. 
 
 ARISTOCRACY, S. [from a^ir^, Gr. 
 the beft, or greaie'V, applied to dignity, and 
 upcLTiaj, Gr. to govern, or ru!ej in Politics, a 
 forno of government ^^'her^in the lupreme 
 power is loifged in the nobility. 
 
 ARISTOCRA'TICAL, Adj. [from an^^o- 
 crijcy] that which partakes of ariftocracy, or 
 includes a government adm'nillered only by 
 nobles. 
 
 ARISTOCRATIC A'LNESS, S. [from 
 artflecratical Ani nf/i]thatquality which makes 
 a government refemble an ariftocracy. 
 
 ARISTOLO'CHIA, S. [Lat. from ap(r2>', 
 Cr. and ^ox"*> if* Botany, binhwortj of 
 which there are three fpecies. 
 
 ARISTO'TLE, S. the fon of Nicoma- 
 chus, born at Stagyra, in tlie 348th year be- 
 fore Chiin, a difciple of Plato, whofs tenets 
 he afterwards oppofed, and founded another 
 fe£l:, called the Peripatetic, from his prac- 
 tice of philofophizing walking; his know- 
 ledge was univerfai, but his opinions errone- 
 ous ; however, they were reckoned for ages 
 the ftandard of truth, till our great country- 
 man. Sir Ifaac Newton, deftroyed his phy- 
 fics, and Mr. Locke exploded his metaphvfics. 
 ARISTOTE'LIAN, Adj. [from Arijiotli} 
 agreeable to the doftrine of Ariftotle. 
 
 ARFTHJVIETIC, S. [from ap.Sy.o?, Gr. 
 number] in Mathematics, the art of number- 
 ing, calculating, or computing with exaft- 
 nefs and eafe ; or the method of finding, from 
 certain numbers given, others, whofe relation 
 with the given numbers is. known. 
 
 ARITHMETICAL, Adj. [from arithme- 
 tic^ that which is performed by numbers, or 
 agreeable to fome rule in arithmetic. 
 
 ARITHMET'ICALLY,Adv. [from ariih- 
 TKetlca! and Ij^ that which is performed ac- 
 cording to fome rule of arithmetic, and con- 
 fjfts of figures. 
 
 ARK, S. [from area, Lat. a cheft] a 
 cheft, or coffer, applied in Scripture, to the 
 vehicle in which iVIoiVs was expofed in the 
 Nile j the cheft whersin the two tabhs of the 
 covenant, the pot of manna, and Aaron's rod, 
 were kept. But more particularly the veflel 
 built by Noah, to preferve himfelf, family, 
 and the whole race of terteftrial and aerial ani- 
 mals, from the flood, 
 
 ARM, S. [earm, eorm. Sax. arm, Dan. 
 Belg. and Teut.J the member, or limb, which 
 reaches from the fhoulder to the hand; but 
 more properly, according to anatomifls, begin- 
 ning at the flioulder, and en.^ing iit the elbow. 
 Figuratively, the branch of -a tree. In Statics, 
 that part of a bc.im which reaches from the 
 center, or point, where it is hung, to the end. 
 In Geography, a branch of the fca, which 
 runs Into the land. 
 
 •A R M 
 
 To ARM, V. A. [armo, Lat.j to fur- 
 nifh with weapons ; to cap, cafe, or cover 
 with metal, applied to the load ftone, or the 
 (hoes of a horfe. 
 
 To ARM, V. N. to. take arms; to be 
 provided apair.ft any attack, either of an ene- 
 my Or cafualty. 
 
 ARMA'DA, S. [Span.] a fleet of men of 
 war, applied by way of eminence tn that great 
 one fitted cut by the Spaniards, with an inten- 
 tion to conquer this iflan(J, in 1588. 
 
 ARMAD'ILLO, S. [Span.] a four-footed 
 animal of the Brazils. 
 
 A/RMaMENT, S. {a-manc:ituin, Lat.] 
 any place wherein ar.Tis are placed; great pro- 
 vifions of military ftores. Figu'-ativcly, an 
 army, but moft commonly applied to a fleet of 
 men of war. 
 
 A RMAN, S. among Farriers, a fonfec- 
 tion for reftoring a loft appetite. 
 
 A'R MATURE, S. [annMura, Lat.] 
 a m:litary drefs to defend the body from 
 the attack of an enemy in bat;le ; any 
 thing to defend the body from external in- 
 juries. 
 
 A'R MED, Adj. [from ann] in Heraldry, 
 ppplied to beafts and birds of prey, when their 
 teeth, horns, feet, beak, talons, or tuiks iSfc. 
 are of a different colour.; as, " A falcon 
 armed". Armed chair, an elbow chair, or one 
 which has refts for the arms, or elbows. 
 
 A'RMAGAUNT, Adj. [from arm and 
 gaunt, ior geiv ant, of ge^uanuiar., Sax. to con- 
 lume, or grow Jefs] flcoder or ftarved. " An 
 arma'Taiint ftfed." 6hakefp, ' 
 
 ARMI'GER, S. [Lat.] an efquire ; one 
 '.hat bears arms. 
 
 AR'MILLARY, Adj. [from armVla, Lat.] 
 fomething that is circular, in allufion to the 
 furrounding of a bracelet, Arm'dlary j'bhere, 
 is compofed ot fever^l brafs circle?, which re- 
 prefent thofe of the horizon, meiidian, eclip- 
 tic, Gff. drawn on the globe. 
 
 A'RMINGS, S. [plural] in a flilp, are 
 white, or red cloths hung fore and aft on the 
 outfide of a Aip ; thofe on the tops are named 
 to-p arntings. 
 
 ARMl'NIANS, S. [from Aminlusl the 
 followers of Arminius, a famous minifter at 
 Amfterdam; who, in the j6th century, fepa- 
 rated from the Calvinifts, holding, that prcdef- 
 tination was not abfolute, but conditional j 
 that Chrift h.ith not only redeemed all, but 
 that there is an univerfal grace given to all 
 mankind; that grace is not an irrefiftible 
 principle ; that man is a free agent, always at 
 liberty to obey all the motions of the Holy 
 Ghoft, or refift them ; that with refpeil to 
 perfeverance, a man may, afier juftification, 
 fall into ntw crimes. 
 
 ARMI'POTENCE, S. [from arma, Lat. 
 arms, and potentla, Lat. power] power, or 
 powerfulnefs in war. 
 
 ARMKPOTEN'T, Adj. {arm'>i>cten,, Lat.] 
 powrrftil.
 
 A R P 
 
 fewerful, or ftrong in the field, in arms, or 
 
 at war 
 
 AR'MISTICE, S. {armifihtum, Lat. of ar- 
 rua, Lat, arms, ix\6JiJio, to ftopj a fhort trnce 
 OT a ceffation from arms for a fhort time. 
 
 A'RMLET, S. [diminutive from arm] a 
 fmall arm of the fea. Figuratively, a brace- 
 let, or fome ornament worn on the arm. 
 *' What rings and armkti flie can find." 
 J)cnr.(. 
 
 ARMO'RIAL, Adj. [from tfr/nor, Lat.] 
 that which belongs to the coat or efcuichion 
 ofatamily. " Enfigns rtrn.orLt/." 
 
 AR'MOUR, S. [aryy.ure, Fr.] a cover for 
 the body, to defend it from the inftruments of 
 war ; w;irli!fe harnef'. 
 
 ARMO'URER, S. rarw5r;V,Fr.] one wlio 
 makes, forges, or fells armour j one who 
 drefl'es anothrr in armour. 
 
 AR'MOURY, .S. [a'-molr:, Fr.] a place 
 where arms are kejt. Figuratively, arms 
 *' CeUftial armoury." Par. Lofl. An enfign, 
 efcutcheon, <'r f.imilv coat. 
 
 ARMOUR^BEA'RER, S. [from arm and 
 hecr'\ he that cauies the arms of another. In 
 Romances, a knijhi's efquire. 
 
 ARMS, S. [not ufed in tlie fingular, arK:a, 
 Lat. J all kinds of weapons, whether often 
 five or det'enfive. Figuratively, a ftate o\ h f- 
 tility between two nations; war, " 'To arms, 
 to arms, to arrrs.'''' Jn Heraldry, the bridges of 
 diftin£\ion, efcutcheons, or other marks ot 
 honour, given by iovereigns, and borne on 
 banner;, Oiields, or coats. 
 
 ATIMY, S. [armee, Fr.] a colleftion of 
 jmen arnae.H, commanded by their proper ot- 
 ficeis. Figuratively, a g'eat number. " An 
 <fr;jni of good words." ^hakfjfi. 
 
 AROMA'TIC, 7.ndj. picey; fragrant; 
 AROMATIC AL, 3 ftrong-fcenied, or Imcl- 
 ling like fpices, 
 
 AROMA'TICS, S. [not ufed in the fingu- 
 lar] I'pires, or any ftrong- fcented, fragrant, or 
 high-ta(fcd body 
 
 A'RQUEBUSE, S, a hand gun, carabine^ 
 fufce, or calivcr. 
 
 A'RQUEBUSIER, S. [from arijuehufe at\\ 
 f/-] one wh.o carries, or makes ufc of, an ar- 
 quebufe. 
 
 A'RRACK, S. SeeARAc. 
 To ARRAIGN, V. A, [arranger, Fr.J 
 in Law, to ft a ihing in order, or fit it for a 
 trial. Applied to writings, to inciclj to ac- 
 cufe; to charge with crimes, " Arraign you 
 for want of knowleine " Dryil. 
 
 ARRAI'GNMENT, S. [from arrairg] 
 the aft of trying a perfon upon a.T indi£\ment, 
 accufation, or charge. 
 
 To ARRA'NGE, V, A. [an anger, Yt.?^ 
 to difpofe, or put in order, including the fe- 
 condary idea of art, or skill. 
 
 ARRA'NGEMENT, S, [from arrange'] 
 the aft of putting or placing thingc into order, 
 including the idea of fkill, art, or ipdgment. 
 
 A'RR.4.NT, Adj, [from «rJ-<j^/, Fr.J n3- 
 toriouf, infamous. 
 
 A'RRANTLY, A^-v. [from arrant and y>] 
 in a notorious, infamous, or ihameful man- 
 ner. 
 
 ARR A'Y, S. [See the verb] the order in 
 whirh an army is drawn up to give battle; 
 drefs, or external ornaments. In Law, ihe 
 ranking or placing a jury in proper order. 
 
 To ARRA'Y, V. A. [from array, Fr. of 
 array, raye, Teuf, order] in Military aflairs, 
 to place an army in proper order to engage. To 
 deck, embellifh, or .idorn with drefs, 
 
 ARRA'YER, S. [from arr^y and er] of- 
 fice's that had the care of foldiers, and faiY 
 that they were properly accoutred. 
 
 ARRE'AR, S. [from arrkre, Fr. behind] 
 that which remains unpaid. Applied to rent, 
 it fign fies that which has beendue/ome time, 
 and is not difcharged. 
 
 ARREST, S. [from arref.er, Fr, to ftop] 
 in Lnw, the leizinj^, or apprehending a man, 
 thereby depriving him of hif liberty by legal 
 procefs, either for debt, or ariy ofience againll 
 
 To AROM.VTISE, V. A, [from aroma, i the law ; a flopping or reflraint trom proceed- 
 
 Lat.] to mix or fcent with fpices. Figura 
 tively, to make any thing agreeable, which 
 in i'.s own nature would be loathfome, " As 
 though aromatized by their converfion.'" 
 Brcwr:, 
 
 AROU'ND, Adv. [a la ronde, Fr. rur.dt. 
 Dan. in a circle ; in a circular manner ; on 
 all fides. Ufed as a prepofition, enciicling ; 
 encompaffing ; round about. *^ Aro:-nd his 
 brows." Dryd. 
 
 To A'ROUSE, V. A. [from a and roufe, 
 of arcyier, Dan. ox arljen. Sax.] to wake from 
 fleep ; or excite an iniolent perfon to a£lion j 
 to rajfe up ; to (limulare. 
 
 ARPE'GGIO, S. [Ital.] in Mnfic, the 
 jnaking the notes of a chord to be heard di- 
 f inftly one after another, by a purling or 
 rolling of the hand on flringed inftnuneirs, 
 beginning at the lovrcft note, and tifing gra- 
 dually upwards. 
 
 ing in an undertaking. 
 
 To ARRE'ST, V. A. [frcm arrejler, Fr.] 
 to apprchena by virtue of a writ from a court 
 ofjuftice; tofeizeany thing by law ; to feize 
 upon; to flop, with-hold, or bindj to flop a 
 body in motion. __ 
 
 ARRE'T, S. [arret, Fr.] the decifion of a 
 fovereign court, or court of judicatuie ; refem- 
 blinjr out afts of parliament. 
 
 ARRETED, Adj. [from arre^cUus, "Livr 
 Lat.] in Law, imputed or l.iid to, applied to 
 one that is biought, and charged with a crime, 
 before a judge. 
 
 ARRIE'RE-FIEF, S [Fr.] a fief depen- 
 dent on another. Arritre vajjal is the vafl'al 
 of avaffal. 
 
 ARRI'VAL, S. [from arrii'e'] the coming 
 to any place, either by lea or land, Figuta- 
 tivelv, the attainment cf :ny defjgn. 
 
 ARRl'VAKCE, S. [from anl-ve} com-
 
 ART 
 
 par.y expefled to come. " ExpeSancy of more' 
 arrivance." Shaftefp, 
 
 To ARRI'VE, V, A. [from aniver, Fr. 
 to come to Aore] to come to any place by 
 water or land. Figuratively, to attain, or 
 come to. 
 
 AR'ROGANCE, or ARROGANCY, S. 
 l^from arr'-gantla, Lat.] the alluming or claim- 
 ing to one's fell more honour or merit, than 
 IS properly our due. 
 
 AR'ROG ANT, Part, [from arrogar.s,P3it. 
 of arrogo, Lat.J felf-conceited ; haughty. 
 
 AR'ROGANTLY, Adj. [(rom arrogant, 
 and /y] in an arrogant, felf-conceiced, or 
 haughty manner. 
 
 To AR'ROGATE, V. A. [from arroga- 
 tum, fupine of arrogo, Lat.] to lay claim to a 
 thing or quality which does not belong to us. 
 " Arrogated to herlelf." Til.'ot. "Arrogated 
 unto themfdves.^' Raleigh. 
 
 ARRO'NDIE, Adv. [of arrondir, Fr.] in 
 Heraldry, according to Diederot, the making 
 things appear in relief hy proper fhades. 
 
 AR'ROW, S. [arzc, Sax. jam, Span.] 
 a (lender piece of round wood pointed, barbed, 
 and fliot out of a bow ; diftinguiflied from a 
 flart, becaufe that wasvthrown by the hand. 
 Arroiv-head, is a Iharp point of an arrow, 
 which was ufually armed with fteel. 
 
 AR'ROWY, Adj. [from arroiu] confifting 
 of arrows. " Sharp fleet oi arrowy ffaow'r.' 
 Par. Loft. Seldom ufed. 
 
 ARSE, S. [ean, Sax. aers, eers, Beig. arfx, 
 Teut.] the pofteriors. Figuratively, the hind 
 part of any thing ; as, " The cart's arfe,^' To 
 hitng an arje, a low phrafe, to loiier or ftay 
 behind ; to bs fluggi/h or tardy. " The other 
 would not hang an arfc.'" Hud. 
 
 ARSE-SMART, S. [fo called from its 
 aflefting the pofteriors with exquifite p-^in 
 when applied to them] in Botany, the fnji- 
 caria. 
 
 AR'SENAL, S. [arfcnal, Fr. arfenrJe, Ital.] 
 a royal or public magazine j or place wherein 
 all warlike ilores are kept, or forged. 
 
 ARSE'NIC, S, [cxjcTEv.xcv, Gr. f,om a^^rv, 
 or a^j-r,Vj a man or male, and rixxa:, to Cv.n- 
 quer or kill ) in Natural Kiilory, a ponde- 
 rous, volatile, uninflammable, minsral fub- 
 ftar.ce which gives whittnefs to metals by 
 infufion, but dedroys their malleability, is 
 extremely torrofive, cauftic, and a ftjong 
 poifon. 
 
 ARSE'NICAL, Adj. [frr.m arfcnic] con- 
 flfling, or having the properties of arfenic. 
 
 ART, S. [art, Fr. of ars, Lat.] an ab- 
 flraft or mctJphyTic-l term, implying a col- 
 Icftion of certain rules from obfeivation and 
 experience, by which any thing may be per- 
 foimed, or any end obtained ; aifiinguifhed 
 from fcience by its object. If the obj.-ft be 
 attended by the application of rules, or re- 
 quire practice, then it is an <irf j bu: if con- 
 templated only with refpefl to its difierent 
 »i)i>e4raiKes, the colkdUon of obfcivationsre- 
 
 ART 
 
 latlve thereto is a fdc.cs. But thefe terms 
 being ufed promifcuoufjy by authors, for want 
 of affixing certain ideas to their words,the word 
 art is fometimes ufed for fomething acquired, 
 in oppofition to that which is implanted by 
 nature. A trade ; ctmning ; artfulnefs ; fpe- 
 culation. We have like wife the divificn of srts 
 into liberal and mechanic. The. liberal arts, 
 are thofe which confift in the at)plication, or 
 exercifeof the mind ; the n.-fi&ijn/f, thofe which 
 confift in the exercife of the body, or h.ind, and 
 make ufe of machines to .ittain their ends. 
 
 ARTE'RIAL, Adj. [from artery^ that 
 which belongs to, or is contained in, an artery. 
 
 ARTERIO'TOMY, S. ajTujioTo.uia, Gr. 
 from ajTC/fitt, and T£/.tvi), to cut] in Surgery, 
 the opening an artery with a lancet, in order 
 to draw blood from thence. 
 
 A'RTERY, S. [arteria, Lat. of asj, Gr. 
 and To^Sii, to keep] in Anatomy, a membrana- 
 ceous, elaftic, conical tube, internally fmooth, 
 without valves, which dccreafes in its dimen- 
 fion, in proportion to the number of its bran- 
 ches, deftined to receive the blood frooi the 
 heart, and to diftrlbute it to the lungs, and 
 other parts of the body; tiiat which has its 
 origin from the right ventricle of the heart, is 
 caJled the pulmonary artery, and that whicli 
 rifes from the left, the aorta. 
 
 A'RTFUL, Adj. [from art and full] per- 
 formed according to the rules of ait, including 
 the idea of skill, judgment, or wifdom. 
 
 ARTFULLY, Adv. [from artful and /v] 
 In fuch a manner as ihews a deal of cunning 
 or skill. 
 
 A'RTFULNESS, S. {ftomartfuUnA nefs] 
 the quality of performing any thing with skill, 
 or the attaining an end by running. 
 
 ARTHRI'TIC,orARTHRITJCAL,Adj; 
 [from aS^iTij, Gr.] gouty; or occafioned by 
 the gout ; that which has fomething like 
 Joints, " They have artbritical analogies." 
 Broiun''s Vu!g. Err, 
 
 ARTHRI'TIS, S. [from a^9av, Gr. a joint] 
 in Phyfic, a difeafe which aft'ctls the joints; 
 the gout. 
 
 A^'RTICHOKE, S. {a'tickaut, Fr, arti- 
 choca, Span, arrifchcck, Teut.] in Botany, 
 ihe cincra. Linnaus ranges it in tbeivi* 
 fe£l. of his 19th clais. There are three 
 fpecies. The truit is like the cone of a piuc~ 
 tree. 
 
 A'RTICLE, S. [o( articulus, Lat, a joint] 
 in Grammar, a word fet belore a fubllantive, 
 to diftinguifti and limit its fignification. la 
 Englifh, we ufe two forts, the definite, and 
 indefinite, /I is the inJcfinite, and rU defi- 
 nite. We ufe them betore a fubftantive, a» 
 a man, but not before a.'ieflives, udIcIs whea 
 they are folluwed by a fubft.intive, as a ivift 
 minifter. Bui when juii, -.vha!, as, ami Jo, 
 come before a fubftantive, the atticie is 
 placed between them ; a, Ju(h a man ; ivhat 
 a fool ; fo li'tle a coal ; as greit a comman- 
 der as Wcli'e. They are not fet b«fore prc- 
 H nouns.
 
 ART 
 
 jiouni, unlefs they include a fubftantive in 
 them. They are not put before nouns ufed 
 in a general fenfe, particular names ot virtues, 
 metals, or proper names, unkfs they are 
 ufed as appellatives, or feme fubrtantive is 
 underftood ; as 'The Norwich, i. t, the JJy.p 
 Norwich. Ihe Thames, the word ri-ver being 
 underftood. The word urtkfe llkewife implies 
 the heads of a difcourfe, or the different 
 fubje£\5 it treats of. In Commerce, a 
 lingle tranfaftion, thing, or parcel in an ac- 
 count. 
 
 To A'RTICLE, V. N. [See ARTICLE 
 the noun] to make conditions, or terms ; to 
 ftipulate; to bind or oblige a perfon to ferve 
 another under certain conditions. " He ar- 
 ticled him for three yea.s." " rie was an ar- 
 ticled cleric." 
 
 ARTl'CULAR, Adj. [Uom artkulus^.it.] 
 a joint] in Phyfic, a difeale which afFeCb the 
 i'linff. 
 
 ARTI'CULATE, Adj. [from anlculus, 
 Lar.] in its primary fenfe, applied to bodies 
 which are joined together, and may be bent 
 without being pulled afunder. Applied to 
 the voice, it implies, that its founds are 
 iJiftinft and varied, but connefted together, 
 io as to form words. 
 
 To ARTl'CULATE, V. A. {artkuhr, 
 Fr,] to pronounce fyllables, or words, in a 
 diftmft manner. 
 
 ARTl'CULATELY, A.^v. [from artku- 
 late and /)•] in fuch a manner as to pronounce 
 the fyllables of words diftii'.ftly. 
 
 ARTICULATION, S. [from artkula'.e] 
 in Anatomy, the jimtture of two bones in 
 furh a manner, that tliey may be bent without 
 being pulled afunder. Applied to the voice, 
 the modulations and vatimons of the voice, 
 vbich are fo conne£led as to form fylhblcs or 
 words, 
 
 A'RTIFICE, S. [arnfce, Fr. artifcium, 
 Lat. an indirect method of attaining one's 
 end ; a pretence, ftratagem, fraud, or contri- 
 vance. 
 
 ARTIFI'CIAL, Adj. {art\fckl, Fr.] 
 fomething made by art, in oppolition to the 
 produflions of nature; fomething counterfeit. 
 Artificial lint!, are thofe which are drawn 
 upon a fciftor, or fcale, to reprefent fines and 
 tangents. 
 
 ARTIFI'CIALLY, Aiv. [from artifdal, 
 and ly] in an artful, cunning, crafty, or ikilful 
 manner. 
 
 ARTI'LLERV, S. [a plural noun, arril- 
 itrie, Fr. from artiiUr , Fr. to furnilb with 
 arms] the heavy engines of war, fuch as 
 cannon, bombs. &fc- In a general fenfe, any 
 weapons ufed in battle. 
 
 A'RTISAN, S. [Fr.] prop»rly .ipplied to 
 thofe profefliirs of tiadef, which rcijuire the 
 leaft exercife of the underflanding j alow 
 mechanic, manvifa^ute', or tradefman, 
 
 A'RTIST, S. [.i'/i,'?f, Fr. J one who excels 
 to thofe arts which rc^uue good naiutal parts \ 
 
 A S C 
 
 or one who underftands both the theory and 
 pra(flice of the art which he profefTet. 
 
 A'RTLESS, Adj. [from art and /f/i] 
 without art, defign, craft, or cunning. 
 
 A'RTLESSLY, Adv. [from artkfi and ly'] 
 in'a fimple, innocent, and undefigning manner. 
 
 AS, Conjunft, [ah. Teut.] referring to 
 an aflion, or time pad, in the fame manner ; 
 when it anfwers fo, or fuch, it is ufed for 
 that. " So uncertain, as they require a great 
 deal of examination," Bac. In a particular 
 refpefl: j as far as a particular relation extends j 
 like, or of the fame kind. By an ellipfis, 
 for ai if. Referring to the prefent time, it 
 implies lomething done, during that particular 
 aftion, at the fame time. " Whittled as he 
 went." Dryd. According to, or in what 
 manner. " Ai they pleafe." BoyU. Anfwer- 
 ing to, like, or fame, it is ufed as -a relative, 
 and implies which. " The fame crime, as he 
 committed." When at the beginning of two 
 (entences immediately following each other, it 
 denotes a likenefs or comparifon between 
 them. Anfwering fo, it implies condition, 
 or the fame manner. " Some peculiarity as 
 ivell as his face," Locke. 
 
 A'SAPH. St, S, the name of a city in 
 Flintfhire, in North Wales, on the conflu- 
 ence of the rivers Cluyd and Elwy, thence 
 called in Welch Lhan Elwy ; but it takes 
 its name from St. Afaph, who was governor 
 of a monaftery in this place. It has a fmall 
 market on Saturday, and is 159 computed, 
 or 212 meafured miles from London. 
 Lat. 53 deg. 18 min. N, Long. 3 deg, 30 
 min, W. 
 
 ASBE'STINE, Adj. [from cl^t'ito:, Or.] 
 fomething which cannot be dcftroved bv fire, t 
 
 ASCA'RIDES, S, [from ae-na'cy^x, 'Ct. to 
 leap] fmall, white, round, and fhort worms. 
 
 To ASCE'NU, V. N. [afcend'', Lat.) to 
 rife upwards from the earth- figuratively, to 
 advance fiom any degree of knowledge to 
 another. In Gsnealogy, to trace a pedigree 
 backwards towards its firfl founders. 
 
 ASCE'NDABLE, Adj. [from afcer-I a^r.i 
 able; of deal. Sax. poflibility, or power] that 
 which mav be afcended. 
 
 ASCE'NDANT, S. [from afcir.Jant, Fr.] 
 in Morality, fuperiority or influence, whereby 
 one man or thing unreafonably blaffes or 
 tyrannizes over another. In Aftrology, the 
 horofcope, or degree of the ecliptic, which 
 rifes above the horizon at a perfon's birth. 
 Figurativi'ly, the greateft height cr perfeftion. 
 In Genealogy, anceftors, or thofe neared 
 the root of a pedigree. Ufed adjffctively, 
 for fomething fuperior to, or intiuencing 
 another. 
 
 ASCE'NDENCY, S. [from afcerdanr] a 
 bias; an undue influence, or fuperiority, 
 
 ASCE'NDENS, Part, [from ufcerdo,] in 
 Anatomy, thofe parts which carry the blood 
 or fluids upwards, or towards the head. Sec 
 ASCi,NDJNG. 
 
 ASCE'ND-
 
 A S C" 
 
 ASCZ'NDING, Parr, [from afccndens, 
 Lat,] going upwards from the earth. Jn 
 Aftronotny, thofe degrees, or ftars, which are 
 above the horizon. The ajcendlng node of a 
 planet, is that point of its orbit, wherein it 
 is found in its motion towards the north. 
 
 ASCE'NSiON, S. [from afanjio, Lat.] a 
 motion upwards. In Divinity, the miraculous 
 afcent oi our Saviour, wlien he went to 
 heaven in the figiit oi his apoftles. /ijcenf.on, 
 in ."Vftionomy, is eiiher right or oblique. The 
 difference between n^ht and o''li:jue afcenfijn, 
 js what the aflronomers mean by ajccnjional 
 diffiienci. This name is hkewife given to an 
 illand in the Atlantic, lat, 7 deg. 5 min. S. 
 and long. 17 deg. 20 min. W. from its being 
 difcovered on jifcenfior. day. 
 
 ASCE'NSIVE, Adj. [tro-n ajcenfus, Lat.] 
 that which is in motion upwards ; that which 
 is in a rlfjne ftare. 
 
 ASCE'NT, S. [from afcenfus, Lat.] tnotion 
 Upwards; (he plate by wJiicli an eminence 
 may be climbed. Figuratively, a high place 
 or em.nence. In Piiyfics, the afrent of fluids 
 is their rifing above the level of their own 
 furfaces, £fc. In Logic, a kind of argu- 
 ment, wherein we rife from particulars to uni- 
 verf.ils. 
 
 To ASCERTA'iN, V. A. laartener, Ft.] 
 to determine the fignification ot any word ; to 
 take away all oonbt. 
 
 ASCERTA'iNER, S. [from afceria!>! and 
 <r] one who limits or determines ths fignifica- 
 tion of a do btful exprefiion. 
 
 ASCERTA'INMENT, S. [from a/certain] 
 the determining the fignification of a doubtful 
 Cxpreflion ; a fettleJ rule or flandard. 
 
 ASCE'TIC, Adj. [acriin1a'S>^, Gr.] em- 
 ployed only in cxercifcs of devotion and 
 mortification. 
 
 ASCETIC, S. [from aanBv, Gr. to la 
 hour or exercifej |one who praftifes a greater 
 degree of auilcrny and mortification than 
 others. 
 
 ASCII, S. [from a negative, and s-nia, 
 Gr, a ihadowj in Geography, thole inhabi- 
 tants of the torri--zone, who have no (hadow 
 at lertain times of the year, beeaufe the fun is 
 then vertical, or ihines perpendicularly en their 
 heads. 
 
 ASCl'TES. 3. [from a^Ko?, Gr. a bottle] 
 in Medicine, a kind of dropfy, which princi- 
 pally affects the abdomen, or lower belly, and 
 is remedifd by lapping. 
 
 ASCITIC, A.ij. [from afciiei] caufed 
 by i'n afcites ; dropfica!, or refembling an 
 aicites. 
 
 ASCITI'TIOUS, Adj. [from afcititius, 
 Lat. J that which is counterfeit or fpurious. 
 
 ASCLE'FIAD, S- V^^o^ Ajdepim, its 
 invciitorj a fpecics of Greek and Latin poe- 
 try, confilting of four tset, the lirlf of which 
 is a fponfier, the fc;:ond and third a chon- 
 ambus, and the lourth a pyirichius ; or the 
 firit a fponoee, ths lecoiia d d^ityl, ;iie thltd 
 
 A S I 
 
 3 creftira, cr long fyllable, and the fcntth aSd 
 fifth a da£lvl. Such" is the ift ode of lib. i» 
 of H.r. 
 
 To ASCRIBE, V. A.. [from afc/ibo, Lat.] 
 to deduce from as a caufe j to attribute to } 
 to impure. 
 
 ASW, S. [from afce, ^fc. S.i>:. c/, Dan. 
 efi-h, Belg.] in Bota')y, the frdxinus. It hag 
 pcnnated leaves ending in a lobe. Its male 
 rtoweis have no petals; and the permen has 
 one feed like a bird's tongue, yjjh-cokured'n 
 that which is between brown and grey, like 
 the bark of the ajh. 
 
 ASHA'MED, Adj. [from a zni Jhame] to 
 bcconfcious of having done fomething which 
 a perfon may find fault with. 
 
 A'SHEN, Acij. [from apj and en, fignl- 
 fying the materials of v/hich any thing is 
 made, from en, Sax.] made of aOi, or afti- 
 wooJ. 
 
 A'SHES, S. [has no fingulsr. Afa, abfe, 
 ahfan, or afca, Sax. afgo, Goth, ajka, Ifl, 
 ajche, Belg J that fubltjnce which bodies 
 are reduced to by burning. The corpfe or 
 remains of a d-aJ perfon, in allufion to the 
 ancient cuftom cf burning the dead. Afh^ 
 Wednesday, the firft day of Lent, fo called 
 'rem the cuRom of the ancient Chriftians 
 ■prinklinp afoti on their heads. 
 
 A'SHLAR, S. in Mafonry, free-ftones, ps 
 they come out of the quarry, of different 
 lengths, breadths, and thicknefs. 
 
 A'SKLERING, S. [from ajhlar\ in Build- 
 ing, quartering to, tacked to, in ganets, about 
 two feet and a quarter or three feet high frooi 
 the floor, and reaching to the rafters. 
 
 ASHO'RE, Adj. [from a ^nAp'.ie] to the 
 (Tiore, on land, or to the land. 
 
 A'SHV, Adj. [from aJh] refenlbliiig the 
 ifii in colour, or of a whitilh grey; 
 
 A'SIA, S. (Lit. J one of tiie tour general 
 quarters into which the terrjqucoiis globe is 
 connmonly divided ; and it is in all relpe6ts al- 
 lowc'd to be by far the muft cotiTider^ble parC 
 of the whole worl ! : for here God pluited the 
 garden of EJen, in which he placed the firft 
 man and woman, Adam and Eve, from whorn 
 the I ell of mankind were to fpring. Attet 
 the deffrudion of the world by the flood, Afia 
 became tne nurlery from which Nnati's dclcen* 
 dant's difleminated various colon'es into all 
 the other parts of the globe. In Afia was 
 the del.j^htlul Canaan, wlu-re God planted his 
 lavourite nation th^- Hebrtws. Hr:re it WiS 
 that the iUipcn.lous work of our redemption 
 was acconiplilhed by his aivine Son Jel'us 
 Chrift : hence the benign light ot the go'pei 
 was cariifd hy his difciples and tollowers into 
 all nations, ditl'ufiog itfclf into the remoteft 
 parts J here the foundation c«f the firll Chrift- 
 lan churches vvas hid, the firlt rouncih held, 
 the firll biflioptics trefleJ, and the Chriliiaa 
 faith n-.irjculoully fimnded and promulgated, 
 being alio ftdined with the bl lod of numerous 
 inartyrs. who gate a nobis icJtimony to it. 
 H 7, Irom
 
 A 5 I 
 
 From hence, by an early comtiunication with 
 Egypt bv philofcphers, now reputed the mo- 
 ther of learning, all arts and I'ciences were 
 fecondarily derived. In Afia, it was that not 
 only the firft edifices and cities were railed, but 
 likewife wheie the firft kingdoms and monar- 
 chies were tounded. For here, in particular, 
 after the deluge, the empire of the Aflyrians 
 was begun by Belus or Ninus, and continued 
 to Sardanap3l-.i5 ; then it palled to the Medes 
 by Arbacis to Aftysges ; next to the Peifians 
 under Cyrus, till Darius ; and after him it 
 came to the Greeks and Macedonians by 
 Alexander the Great : when after his death it 
 was fplit into numberlefs fovereignties among 
 his captains ; and thefe in a little time were 
 dcftroyed by the Romans. In Afra, the 
 Parthians alfo eftaLlifhed a very powerful em- 
 pire, which ended under the emperor Alexan- 
 der Severus ; and it paiied again to the Perfians, 
 till it was dcftroyed by the Turks and Saracens. 
 But about the year 1515 it flouriihed again uii- 
 der Ifmael. Thus Alia was the ieat ot tiou- 
 rifhing kingdoms, whilft the other parts of 
 the world were inhabited, if at all, fo far as 
 ■we know, only by wild beafts. Befides thefe 
 advantages above mentioned, this part of the 
 world exceeds the other three (namely, Europe, 
 Africa, and America), if not in the largenefs 
 of its territories, particularly vith regard to 
 the laft oi thefe; yet in the richnefs of its 
 foil, ferenity of its air, falubrity of it drugs, 
 delicioufnefs of itsfruits,!: agrancy and bilfamic 
 quality of its plants, fpices, and gums ; in 
 the quantity, variety, beauty, and value of 
 its precious ftones 5 the fineneis of its filks 
 and cottons ; the richnefs of it% metals and 
 minerals, with many more advantages of the 
 like nature. It muft indeed be owntd that 
 fince the Turks, thofe e:;emies to learning, 
 politenefs and liberty, have become maP.eis of 
 Jo large a parr of Aha, its. ancient fplendor has 
 been quite eclipfed, and the mofl fruitful fpot 
 in all Afia become an cneuliivate.l defert ; and 
 fince that sera it has been only conlideriible 
 for the rich commodities it yields, and on ac- 
 count of which it is ftill reforted to by mer- 
 chants of other nations. Gut fuch parts as 
 hjve efcaped tl.e Turkifh borbaiity, are Rill in 
 a tiourifhing cumiiiion ; and that, in a great 
 rneai'ure. mi..re from the natural fertility of 
 the toil, than the indufiry of the inhabitants, 
 wiio are defervediy blamed for their indolence, 
 luxury, and elfeminacy. Thefe bad qualities 
 are pVincipally to be afcribed to the warmth ot 
 tlicT Climate j though psihaps not a little 
 heightened by cuflom and education, ?ndcon- 
 I'eijuently are more or lefs prevalent, according 
 ro the nearer farther di.'lance •"rom the North; 
 for it is plain that the foiithern climates do 
 not produce ptrfonsof fuch robuft conftitutions 
 83 the northern. Yet hence we may infer, 
 that thofe Afiitics, who Jive under the fame 
 Jjtiiude with uf, cannot be much inferior to 
 ca :n this reffed : at UaA fcveral among '.hem, 
 
 A S K 
 
 particularly the Turks and Tartars, are men 
 of as much ftrength a'-d courage as any are. 
 With regard to the more fouthern inhabitants 
 of Afia, what they want in robuftnefs of body 
 is in a great meafure corapenfated by the 
 vivacity of their mind, and in their ingenuity 
 in feveral kinds of workmanfhip, which our 
 ableft mechanics have in vain attempted to 
 imitate. All the Afiatic nations having been 
 always kept in abjeiSl flavery by their princes, 
 have never had an opportunity of difplaying 
 their love of liberty, which, no doubt, is as 
 natural to them as to the reft of mankind. 
 And hence they have no idea of any other 
 form of government than a defpotic monarchy, 
 which is the only one that reigns through all 
 the parts of that vait country. In religion 
 they are no lefs ilupid and ignorant, a great 
 part of Afia being over-run with Mahome- 
 tanifni, as Turkey, Arabia, part of Tartary, 
 and India. In Perfia, and the Great Mogul's 
 country, they profel's the fame religion ; but 
 are of the fe£l of Hali, who differ in fomc 
 points from the Turks ; though both acknow- 
 ledge Mahomet as their prophet, and the 
 Alcoran as the divine rule of faith and life : 
 v/hich diverfity arifes from the various inter- 
 pretations given by their commentators to the' 
 tenets in the laft mentioned book. Afia is 
 feparated from Europe, by the Archipelago, 
 the ftreights of C.itTa, the lake Mosotis, the 
 river Don in Ruffia, and a line drawn from 
 th.it to the river Obi. It is divided from 
 Africa by the Red fea, and bounded on the 
 VV. by the Black and Mediterranean feas j 
 on' the S. and E. by the Arabic, Perfian, 
 Indian, and Chinefe feas; and on the N. by 
 '.he Frozen ocean, or White fea. And thus 
 it is every where enco.Tipaffed by the fea, the 
 limits northv.-ard not having been dit'covered 
 till the reign of the hteCzar Peter the Great, 
 by whofe orders a furvey was made; from 
 vvhich a map of Ruffia was afterwards printed 
 at Amfterdam : according to which, thisnorth- 
 ern ocean begins a little beyond lit. 17. ex- 
 tending eaflwarJ trom Greenland along the 
 coafts of Mufcovy, Siberia, &c. till it joins 
 with the Oriental or Japan fea. But how far 
 it reaches northward is not yet known. The 
 extent of Ali<) frcim the Helicfpont to the city 
 of Mil^cca, the fartheft part of India, in the 
 Levant fea, is cornputed to be about 400& 
 miles, nearly from caft to weft, that is, from 
 the Archipelago to the Chinefe ocean, up- 
 wards of 5-^ao; and from N. to S. /. e, from 
 Malacca to the Tartarian ocean, about 4600. 
 Moll fays upwards of 6coo. 
 
 ASl'DE, Adv. [from a ar?d /c/^] applied to 
 fituatio.n, that which is not ftraijht. Op- 
 pofed to perpendicular, out of, or deviating 
 from, its true direftion ; not direftly towards 5 
 or from the company. 
 
 A'SINl-NF, Adj. [from. -Sr.us, Lat. an afs] 
 partaking of the nature of an als. 
 
 To ASK, V. A. [.«/f;-.T, or-ic/iJ.", Sax.
 
 ASP 
 
 to defire a thing; to demand; to put a quef- 
 tion ; Co enquire ; to require. 
 
 ASKA'NCE, ASKAU'NCE, or AS- 
 KA'UNT, Adv. [from a an6 Jknunt, of canton, 
 Fr. a corner] a look, wherein the pupils of 
 each eye are turned to the corners of the eye- 
 lid; obliquely, er with a leer, and is expref- 
 five of fiynefs or difdain. 
 
 A'SKER, S. [from afi and er] the perfon 
 who makes a requeft, or enquiry. 
 
 ASKE'W, Adv. [from a and Jkiw, from 
 ebef, Belg. oblique ; fcheiv, fearful] afide, 
 wherein the pupils are drawn to one corner of 
 the eye, and generally befpeaks contempt or 
 difdain. 
 
 ASLA'NT, Adv. [from a anijlant, from 
 f,angh, Belg.] on one fide ; obliquely. 
 
 ASLE'EP, Adv. [from a and Jletp] in 
 that ftate wherein all the fenfes are in a 
 manner' clofed, the eyes fhuC, and a perfon 
 enjoys that reft from animal labour called 
 ileep. 
 
 ASLO'PE, Adv. [from aandjlope; of flap, 
 Belg.] declining; obliquely. 
 
 ASP, or A'SPIC, S. [afph, Lat.] a kind 
 «f ferpent, whofe poifon kills in three hours 
 after the bite, without remedy. 
 
 ASPA'RAGUS, S. [Lat. afperge, Fr.] in 
 Botany, the plant fperage. It is aperient^ 
 diuretic, good in the gravel and flangury, and 
 makes the urine very fetid. 
 
 A'SPECT, S. [afpeBus, from sfpkio, Lat. 
 to behold or look at] the face ; a peculiar 
 caft of the countenance ; look or appearance ; 
 the front fituation of a building, or diredtiop 
 towards any point. In Aftroiogy, the fitua- 
 tion of flars or planets with refpeft to each 
 other. 
 
 To ASPE'CT, V. A. \afpicio, Lat.] to 
 iook upon ; to behold. *' The northern pole 
 .fifpe^is."' Temple. 
 
 A'SPEN, or ASP, S. [aps, or cpfe, Sax, 
 afp, Dan. efp, Belg.] a kind of poplar, whofe 
 leaves are fuppofed to be alv.'ays trembling : 
 ufed adje£lively for things made out of its 
 wood, or thofe which refemble it, with rcfpeft 
 <o the trembling of its leaves. 
 
 A^SPER, Adj. [Lat.] rough or rugged. 
 Spiritus afper, in Grammar, an accent in this 
 form ['] placed over the <J> X and © in Greek, 
 which fhews, that the letter under it is to be 
 pronouncrd ftroug, and the breath to fupply 
 che place of an h. 
 
 A'SPERA ARTERIA, in Anatomy, the 
 trachea, or windpipe, fituated in the fore and 
 lower part of the neck, and ending in the 
 thorax. 
 
 To A'SPERATE, V. A. [afpero, Lat.J to 
 roughen, or make rough. 
 
 ASPERIFO'LIOUS, Adj. [from afper, 
 Lat. rough, and folium, a leaf] in Botany, 
 applied to fuch plants whole leaves are rough, 
 ^nd plJced alternately, without any certain 
 order, on their ftalks. 
 
 ASPE'RITY, S. [ofperUas, Lat.] un- 
 
 ASS 
 
 evennefs, or roughnc-T--, applied to the furfare 
 of bodies and pronunciation. Molofenefs, 
 or roughnefs, applied to the behaviour or 
 temper. 
 
 To ASPE'RSE, V. A. [afpergo, Lat. to 
 fprinkle] to fay any thing injurious to tl-u: 
 charafVer of another; to flander; to ca- 
 lumRiate. 
 
 ASPE'RSION, S. [dfperfio, Lat.] the 
 a£lion of cafting wafer about, fo as it m^y 
 fall in fmall drops not in full llreams. Sp/ink- 
 ling, applied in Divinity, to the mode of 
 baptifm corrvTionly praftifed, oppofed toim- 
 merfioa. Figuratively, an unmerited calumny, 
 or tlander. 
 
 _ ASPHA'LTIC, Adj. [from .::r<f.aXTjj,Gr,] 
 bituminous, or pitchy. 
 
 ASPHO'DEL, S. [nUio-afpkodeJus, Lat.] 
 in Botany, the Day Lily. There are fix 
 fpecies; and were by the ancients planted near 
 burying-places to fupply the manes of the 
 deceafed with nurture. Hence we may learn 
 the bsauties of Pope's lines— 
 
 " By thofe happy fouls who dwell 
 
 " In yellov/ meads of afpbodel.^'' 
 
 To A'iPIRATE, V. A. [^fpiro, Lat.] to 
 
 lay a great ftrefs of voice upon any fyllable or 
 
 letter. When ufed neuterly, to be pronounced 
 
 with ftrefi and vehemence, or a full breath. 
 
 A'SPIRATE, Adj. [from afphatus, Lat.j 
 pronounced with feme degree of roughnefs, 
 ftrefs, or vehemence of voice, or a full breath, 
 ASFIRA'TION, S. [fxom afphatio, Lat.j 
 a fighing for, or longing after ; an ardent de- 
 fire, generally ufed in a fpiritual fenfe. In 
 Grammar, the a<£t of proiiouncing any word 
 ttrongly, vehemently, or in full breath. 
 
 'fo ASPFRE, v. N. [from afpiro, Lat.] 
 to endeavour to attain fomething above our 
 prefent circumftances, rank, or power. Ufed 
 with the particles to and after. 
 
 ASQUI'NT, Adv. [from a and /yat'^r, from 
 fcer.dan. Sax. jcb^nden, Teut. to difgrace] a 
 pofition of the eyes, wherein th"y do not both 
 feem to look the fame way ; obliquely. 
 
 ASS, S. [from ex. Arm. efol, Teut. ajiie, 
 111. afiniis, Lat.] in Natural Hiftnry, a do- 
 meftic animal, remarkable for its fluggiftinefs, 
 hardi.-.efs, patience in ldb,/ur, cnarfeneCs of 
 diet, and long life. Figuratively, the word 
 implies, a peifon of mean abje£l fpirit; bafe- 
 ly patient under provocations ; defpicable, 
 and dull. 
 
 ASS.'V, S. [in Pharmicy, divided into ajfa 
 duk'is, %x benzoin, and afja fcetida'\ a gum or 
 rcfin, of a brownilh colour, iharp tafte, and 
 a very fttong ofFcnfu'3 fmell ; from whence it 
 receives both the name above mentioned, and 
 likewifethat of deviPs duri;:;. 
 
 To ASSa'IL, V. A. '[from affhUer. Fr. 
 ajju'ire, Ital.] to attack, or fall upon, in order 
 to fubdue, as an enemy. Figutaiivel/, to at* 
 tack with arguments. 
 
 ASSAl'LABLE, Adj. [from .i/di/ and a^.'s] 
 that which may be attacked, 
 
 H 3 ASSAI-
 
 ASS 
 
 ■ ASSAI'LANT, S. {affaVdant, Fr.] he 
 vv^o intkes an attack, oppofed to ope who 
 
 dif.r.d,. 
 
 ASSAI'LANT, A»)j. bfing afts of vio- 
 lence againft another ) attacking. 
 
 ASSA'SSIN, or ASS ASSINA'TOR, S. 
 fFrom afs, Arab, one wljo lays in wait for 
 another] one'who murders another, either fcr 
 hire, or bv treachery. 
 
 To ASSASSINATE, V. A.[frcrTi tf/T^^c] 
 to murder another treacheroufly, revengttul- 
 ]y, or for hire. 
 
 ASSASSINA'TION, S. [^"^"1 afifrate] 
 theaf> of murdering by treacliery, or for hire. 
 
 ASSAU'LT, S. [;7/'j.7/,', Fr.'j in War, a 
 general and furious attack ot a c«mp, or fcr 
 tified plJce, with an intention to cany, or be- 
 come ma'iter of it. Tliis lias Leen Utt)y ftiled 
 a enup dc main, or a ftrong ani vigorous im- 
 prtfl'ion. In Law, a violent iniiry offered to 
 a man'sperfon, which may berommiited by 
 ofrering a blow, or a terrifying fpeecb. Lov.h. 
 ]ren. b. i. c. 3. 25th Edw, III. c 24. ;i2. 
 Lib. Aflif. pi. dc. 
 
 To ASSAU'LT, V. A. [See the poun] 
 jn War, to make a general and furioijs aitack, 
 without ary cover, 0.1 a camp, or fortified 
 place, in order to carry, or become mailers of 
 jt ; to f ffer violence to ; to attack, or invade. 
 
 ASSAU'LTER, S. [from flJJ'ai. It and erj 
 one who u''es violence' againft another. 
 
 ASSA'Y, S.[from f^ije.Fr.] examination, 
 trial, or attempt; attack. In Law, uj/hy of 
 weights and m.eafuies, is the examination of 
 them bv the clerks of maikets. 
 
 To ASSA'V, V. A. Ihomafc-yer, Fr.] to 
 put to the trial ; to try. 
 
 ASSA'YER, S. ("from ojfay and a] an of- 
 ficer of the mint, who tries metah, in o'der 
 to de-ermine their finenef--, and how much 
 they are above c. below ftandard. 
 
 ASSA'yiNC, S. [from c//.;y] ths art cf 
 feparating me'ah, fulphurs, miiK-ral falts, and 
 pther bodies, from each other. 
 
 ASSECU'TION, S. [ajecutic. Lit. from 
 ej/cjfor] in Canon Law, acquirement *' Thus 
 a firft tenefice is faid to be void by the ajjicu- 
 t'lo't of a fecond." 
 
 ASSE'MEL AGE, S. [Fr.] the colkaing a 
 number of individuals together, fo as to form 
 a whole ; it differs from affcmhly, becjufe that 
 »s ufed of perfons. and this of things. 
 
 To ASSE'MBLE, V.A. \o^aJfn:b!er, Fr.] 
 to unite feveral things together, fo as to form 
 a whole ; to bring feveral things together in 
 •ne pl.ice. Ufed with the piepofition tagetbfr. 
 
 ASSE'MBLY, S. {anemhl/e,?x.] In Hifto- 
 ry, or Jurifprudence, the union of feveral per- 
 fons in the lame place, with the fame delign. 
 In a more large fen'e, a coll'-dlion or Com- 
 pany of feveral perfons of each fex. 
 
 ASSENT, S. I from ajfenjus, Lat.] that i€t 
 of the mind whereby it takes, or ack nowledgf s, 
 any piopofr.ion to be true or falie. In a more 
 Ipofe fenfe, agreement, or ccnfent. 
 
 ASS 
 
 To ASSE'NT, V. N. [from afflnhre.Ut.l 
 to receive a thing as true. 
 
 To ASSE'RT, V. A. [from aftro. Lit.] 
 to affirm a thing as true j to claim a thing as 
 one's ^\^t•y to defend both bv words and sf^ions. 
 
 ASSER'TION, S.[lr(mi aferQ the affirm- 
 ing a thing as true ; a propofition conceived 
 or delivered in pofitive terms, 
 _ ASSE'RTIVE, Adj. [from a/Jirl] pofi- 
 tive; obftinate; dogmatical, 
 
 ASSE'RTOR, S. [from ayT^rr] he who 
 affirms any propofition as true ; the author, 
 or fuppotter of anv opinion. 
 
 To ASSE'SS, V. A [of ajijjare, lul tn 
 lay a fine upon a perfon, irom aljcjji, It^'- a 
 fine, tribute-, or cuftom] to ratg, or tax ; to 
 fine a perfon. 
 
 ASSE'SSMENT, S. [from aJfiJ!.] the fum, 
 fine, or cuftom, levied upon any p-rfon, cr 
 commodity ; the ad of levying a fine. 
 
 ASSES'SOR, S. [from tf//i,'i] in Law, one 
 who firs on the bench with a judge, in order 
 to affifl: him with advice; one who is next or 
 equal to another in rank and dignity. " His 
 (on — \h' aff'rjjcr of his throne." Par. Lojl. 
 One who letties a fine. 
 
 A'SSETS, S. [ufed only in the plural, 
 from cjfix, Fr. enough] the goods of a ptrfon 
 deceafen, which arc appropriated to the pay^ 
 ment of his debts. 
 
 To ASSE'VER, or ASSE'VERATE [af- 
 fct'fro, Lat. J to affirm or deny a thing, not 
 only with an oath, but Jikewife with impre- 
 cations, execration?, or curfes. 
 
 ASSE'VERA'TION, S [afe^.era!h.L>'.] 
 the aft of affirming a thing with great folem- 
 nity, by an oa h cr imprecation. 
 
 ASSIDU'ITY, S. [ajftdini/, Fr. affjuitas, 
 Lat.] a conffant attention or application to 
 bufinefs ; unwearied diligence. 
 
 ASSI'DUOUS, Arij. [aj[iduus,'LiX..'\ \\n- 
 weJried; incefl'ant; continual and unremitted. 
 
 ASSI'pUOUSLY, Adv. [frcm t^jjlducui 
 and /y] in fuch a manner as to exercii'e dili- 
 gence without wearinefs, ai;d application 
 without intermiffion. 
 
 ASSIE'NTO, S. [Ital. a farm, contra ft, 
 or bargain] a contratt m^rie between this na- 
 tion and Spa'n, ior fupplying their planta- 
 tions with negroes. 
 
 To ASSl'GN, V. A. [from <j/%«o, Lat.] 
 to diflribute; to allot ; t'j appoint. In Law, 
 to tran^fe' property to anotl:er. 
 
 ASSrONABLE, Adj. [from affigt and 
 ahle-y oi abalj^iX. poffibility] that which may 
 be detercnined, fettled, fixed or marke.i out. 
 
 ASSIGNA'TION, S. [Fr.j the ad of 
 transferring properly to another. Commonly 
 ufed in amours, for an appointment m^de for 
 meetini; by the two p irties. 
 
 ASSIGNE'p, S. [from ojfigne, Fr.] oqc 
 appointed by another to do an acf, or perform 
 any bufinefs in his {lead. Commonly ^ppli^-d 
 to thofe perfons who are ent:uftr.d with the 
 eftdjle ot a bankrupt, and are by law enij-u'vereJ 
 
 to..
 
 ASS 
 
 te collect h's debts, and make a dividend of 
 his efi'efls to his feveral creditors, 
 
 ASSl'GNER, S. [from ajfign and tr\ he 
 who fets out, determines, or appoints. 
 _ ASS1'GNMENT,S. [from afjign'] the fet- 
 ting a thing aptrt for any particular ufe 3 an 
 appropriation; an alienation. 
 
 ASSl'MILABLE, Adj. [from aJ;ni!o,LAt.] 
 that which may be converted into the fame 
 nature, or be made like another. 
 
 To ASSFMILATE, V. A. [ajfimlo, Lat. 
 of ad to, and Jim'iUs, like] to convert to the 
 fame nature 5 to bring to a refemblance. 
 
 ASSIMILA'TION, S. [from affxmdatil 
 the a£lion by which things are rendered like 
 each other. 
 
 To ASSI'MPLATE, V. A. [alfimuh, 
 Lat.] to put on a counterfeit appearance ,- to 
 feign. 
 
 ASSIMULA'TION, S. faffimuratio, Lat.] 
 a counterfeit, or fpeciout refemblance. 
 
 To ASSFST, V, A. [aJJi/ier, Fr. from ad 
 znAJiftc, Lar.] to relieve; to help. 
 
 ASSISTANCE, S, [ajfipnce, Fr.] the aft 
 of helping ; help. 
 
 ASSI'STANT, Adj. [from ajfijl] that 
 which fupplies the defe£ls of another; that 
 which helps. 
 
 ASSI'STANT, S. [from aJPft} one who 
 helpi another. 
 
 ASSrZE, S. {affe, Fr. a fitting] in Law, 
 a place, court, or time, wherein a judge and 
 jury are adembled for the trial of caufes. The 
 term is likewife applied to fignify the whole 
 ptocefs of a writ ; a jury ; a ftatute for regulat- 
 ing the weight of bread ; and the bread itfelf, 
 as prefcribed by the ftatute. 
 
 To ASSl'ZE, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 fix the price, weight, or fize, of a commodity. 
 
 ASSrZER, or ASSI'SER, S. [from ajfixc 
 and ^rj an officer who has the infpeftion into 
 the weights and meafures of commodities. 
 
 ASSO'CIABLE, Adj. [from ajociabilh, 
 Lat.] that which may be joined or united to 
 fomething elfe. 
 
 To ASSOCIATE, V. A. [alfoder, Fr. of 
 affoao, Lat. from ad, to, and focius, Lat. a com- 
 panion] to join as a companion ; to make one 
 of a company. To join infeparably, applied 
 to ideas. 
 
 ASSO'CIATE, Adj. [from afociatus, of 
 aJJ'ocio, Lat.] confederated ; joined as accom- 
 plices ; making part of a fociety, or company. 
 
 ASSO'CI.ATE, S. [See the verb] one who 
 it joined to another as afliilant, companion, 
 partner, confederate, or accomplice. 
 
 ASSOCIA'TION, S. [from ajfociate'] the 
 aft of uniting; union; fociety; a contrad 
 or treaty, by which two or more are united 
 together for their mutual afliftance, for the 
 better carrying on any defign. In Pbyficj, 
 combination, or union. 
 
 To AS'SOIL, [from ajoudre, Fr. to ab- 
 folve, or from a negative, and JoH of foui'/cr, 
 fx.Je(iiare,hi\. to dirtj in Law, todtliver 
 
 ASS 
 
 or difcl argc a perfon from eTcomtnunJcation*" 
 
 A'SSONANCE, S. .[afonance, Fr.] m. 
 Rhetoric and Poetry, is where the words of 
 a fentence or verfe have tha fame found, but 
 aie not properly a rhime. In verfe, the aflb- 
 nant rhime is common among the Spaniards, 
 a5 ligera, cabkita, as well as the French ; but 
 is intolerable in the Englifh. 
 
 AS'SONANT, Part, [from affor,tr, Fr.] 
 to range things in clafTes, according to their 
 refsmblante wiih each other. 
 
 AS'SORTMENT, S. lajfortment, Fr.] la 
 Trade, a ftock ot poods, confiding of VJrioui 
 pieces of different forts. In Painting, the pro- 
 porrion and harmony between the feveral parts. 
 
 To AS'SUaGE, V. A. [fuavis, adfuadere, 
 Lat. or ajfua-viare, Ital.] to cool, orleifen, ap- 
 plied to heat ; to calm, applied to the wind ; to 
 pacify, or appeafe, applied to paflion or rage j 
 to eafe, applied to pain. In iis general fenfe, 
 it implies the lefTening the violence of fome- 
 thing furious. Neuterly, to abate, or grovir 
 lefs. " The waters ajjuaged.''^ Gen. viii. i. 
 
 ASSUA'GEMENT, S [from affuage] that 
 which leflens the violence of any thing. 
 
 ASSUA'GER, [from ajfuage z.nA er'\ ons 
 who pacifies rage, appeafes anger, or leiTens 
 pain. 
 
 ASSUA'SIVE, Adj. [from affuadeo, Lat.j 
 that which has a great influence ; that which 
 affuages, mitigates, or pacifies. 
 
 ASSU'ETUDE, S. [from afuttudo, Lat.] 
 the being accuftomed to a thing; cuftom. 
 
 To ASSU'ME, V. A. [from ajfumo, Lat.] 
 to take ; to reprefeBt a charaiter ; to take 
 upon one's felf ; to arrogate, or claim whut is 
 not one's due. 
 
 ASSU/MER, S. [from ajumt and cr] one 
 who claims or arrogates more than ii his due ; 
 an arrogant perfon. 
 
 ASSU'MPTION, S. [from ajfumptio, Lat.J 
 the aft of taking, or appropriating any thing 
 to one's felf; the fuppofing a thing true, or 
 granted, without any formal proof. Thea/"» 
 /tt»/)/;on of the Virgin Mny is celebrated oft 
 the 15th of Auguft. In Logic, the minor, or 
 fecond propofition in a categorical fyllogilm ; 
 lometimes the confequence drawn from the 
 major and minor. 
 
 ASSU'MPTIVE, Adj. [from afumptivui, 
 Lat.J that which a perfon may take, or ap> 
 propriate to himltlf. In Heraldry, a£iin;i?u-J4 
 arwi are thofe which a perfon may ufe as hit 
 own. 
 
 ASSU^RANCE, S. [^/7a'-.J'?«, Fr.] a cer- 
 tain expeftation of fomething future; confi- 
 dence; truft ; conviftion. In Commerce, » 
 contraft by which a perfon fubjefts himfelf to 
 make good the damages to be fu(>ained by »n- 
 Otherinavoyage,or by fire. SeelNSURANCE. 
 
 To ASSU'RE, V. A. [affurer, Fr.] to 
 perfuade a perfon of the certainty of a thing; 
 to make a perfon confident, by removing the 
 CJufes of doubt or fear ; to be bethrollied, " I 
 was d/Tarfito her." Sbakifp, 
 
 H 4 ASSU-
 
 AST 
 
 .ASSU'REDLY, Adv. [from e[ft:red and 
 /)■] in fuch a manner as betrays no doubt j 
 certainly ; undoobtcdly. 
 
 ASSU'REDNESS, S. [from ajjurcd and 
 re/jj the ftate of a psrfon who is cetiainj oi 
 entirely free fronn doubt, 
 
 ASSU'RER, S. [^£ureur, Fr,] one who 
 removes the doubts of another. In Commerce, 
 one who indemnifies another againft hazards 
 at fea. 
 
 ASTERISK, S. [from aCE^ic-Kc?, Gr. 
 refembling a ftarj a charafter uicd to renaei 
 any particular paffage in an author confpicuouf, 
 or to refer to feme no'e in the margin, or at 
 the bottom of the page, marked thus [*J ; 
 when two or three are placed together in a line, 
 they denote that feme word is to be fupplieJ, 
 or is wanting * * *. 
 
 ASTE'RN, [from a wA fiern'] a fea term, 
 in the hinder part of a iTiip ; or any thing fitu- 
 aied behind the fhip. 
 
 AS'THMA, S. [Gr. from an, Gr. to 
 breathe] in Medicine, a difficulty of breathing 
 arifing from a diforder in the lurgs, at'ended 
 with a great uneafinefs in the diaphragm, or 
 praecordia. The gentral indication of core is 
 bleeding, difperfing the colledled matter, and 
 keeping up a confiant perfpiration. 
 
 ASTHMA'TIC, or AS THMA'TICAL, 
 Adj. [from ajlkma\ affected or troubled wiih 
 an aflhma. 
 
 ASTO'NIED, Part, a contraftion of the 
 vord aftoniflied. 
 
 To AST'ONISH, V. A. {ejlorrtir, Fr. at- 
 toniie. Ital. >rom a'.tor.itui, Lat.J to occjfjon 
 furprize by the immenfity and novelty of an 
 cbjedt ; to amaze. 
 
 AST'ONISHMENT, S. [fr«m etomement, 
 Fr.] a furprize, cccafioned by an immenk 
 and new onje£l, diftinguifhed trom admiration, 
 both by the decree, and the nature of the objeit. 
 
 To ASTOU'ND, V. A. [from «<;««.>. Fr.] 
 to aftonifh ; to confound with wonder. " May 
 llartle well, b'lt not aiicund." Par. Ljji. 
 
 ASTRAD'DLE, Aay. [from a andjirad- 
 dlc} to fit on a thing, I'o that one of our kgs 
 fhould be on each lide of it. See AS IRIDE. 
 
 A'STRAGAL, S. [arjxyaXoc, Gr.] in 
 Anatomy, a bone of the tarlus, with a con- 
 vex eminence, articulated with the tibia by 
 a ginglymus, commonly called the ancle bone. 
 In Architefture, a litde round nrember, in th; 
 form of a ring or bracelet, fetving as an orna- 
 ment to the tops and bottoms of columns. In 
 Gunnery, the little moulding on a piece of 
 ordnance, of which there are generally three 
 on each piece, 
 
 AST'RAL, Adj. [from aflrunt, Lat. a ftar] 
 tliat which belongs lo, or depends on the ftars. 
 jifiral year, is the time wliich the earth takes 
 lo make its revolution round the fun. See 
 YEAR. 
 
 AS'TRAY, Adv. [from a and j^ray] wan- 
 dering from the right or direcl path, f igura 
 lively, wrong, or in an error. 
 
 AST 
 
 To ASTRI'CT, V. A. [of afhllfutff, fa- 
 pine of a,'lrlrigo, Lat.] to lefien the diftjnce be- 
 tween two objedls ; to malce the parts of a 
 thing come nearer to each other, oppoled to 
 relax. Corifiringe is moft Commonly uled. 
 
 ASTR'iCTION, S. [fiom ajln'aio, Lat] 
 I he aft or power of making the parts oi a bo- 
 ly approach to esch o:her. 
 
 ASTRl'CTIVE, Adj. [from ajfria] that 
 which his a ftypic, or binding qua! ty. 
 
 ASTRI'CTORY, Adj. [from ajl'iaorius, 
 Lat, J that which has an aftringenl or binding 
 quality. 
 
 ASTRI'DE, Adj. [from a and /?ri,/?] a pof- 
 •ure wherein the legs are placed i:t a diftance 
 from each other. Open or wide, applied to 
 ihe legs, oppofed to c'oj'e, or together, 
 
 ASTRl'FEROUS, Adj. [from ajlnfer, 
 Lat.] bearing or having flars. 
 
 To ASTRI'NGE, V. A, [afirhgo, Lat.] 
 to prefs or clofe together 5 to force the parts 
 clofer to each other. 
 
 ASTRI'NGENT, Part. \aj}r'wgetis, Lat.] 
 in Medicine, that which contraiSfs the dimen- 
 fion of the vefTels by its roughnefs snd afpC'^ 
 rity, and thickens the fluids ; when ufed in- 
 ternally, oppofed to laxative ; when externally, 
 opppfed to flyptic. 
 
 ASTROITES, S. [Gr.] in Natural Hif- 
 tory, a kind of figured flone found at Shuck-* 
 burgh in Warwick/hire, nearBelvoir caftl-e in 
 Lincoliifliire, and at Touque in Normandy, 
 
 ASTROLA'BE, S. [from ar^cv, Gr, a 
 ftar, an<l Xi/x^av;», to take] in Aftronomy, 
 a fyftem or afTemblage of the different circles 
 of the fphere, refembling anarmillary fphere, 
 invented by Kippjrchus ; but being afterwards 
 .iltered by Ptoleiny to a pl.<ne furt,.ce, called 
 a planifphere, the word is at prefent applied 
 to a planifphere or ftereographic proieftion of 
 the fphere upon the plane of one of the great 
 circles. 
 
 A5TR0'L0GER,S, [from aJ}rohgus,Lzt.'} 
 one who pretends to predidl: future events 
 from the fujpofed influences of the ftars. 
 
 ASTROLO'GIC, orASTROLO'GIC AL, 
 Adj. [from ajircicgy] relating, or agreeable to 
 the princioles of aftrology, 
 
 ASTROLO'GIC ALLY, Adv. [from fl/?ro- 
 hghal and ly] According to the principles of 
 iiirologv, or after the manner of an aflrologer. 
 
 ASTRO'LOGY, S. [aJhoISgia, Lat. from 
 srjsv, Gr. a ftar, and Aofia, the anfwer of an 
 oracle or predi£lionJ the art of foretelling 
 future events from the afpeiffs, pofuions, and 
 influences of the ftars. 
 
 ASTRO'NOMER, S. [from arjcv, a ftar, 
 and vcu^, Gr. a rule] a perfon who applies 
 himfelf to the ftudv of aftror.omv. 
 
 ASTRO'NOMIC,orASTRONOMICAL, 
 Adj. [from ajironowy] that which is founded 
 upon the principl'is of aftronomy, j^jlroncmkal 
 place of a ftar, in its longitude, or place in the 
 ecliptic reckoned from the beginning of Aries, 
 i according to the natural order of the funs. 
 
 ASTRO-
 
 A T 
 
 ASTRO'NOMYj S. [a/lroncnuf, Fr. aJ!ro- 
 ncima, Lat. See ASTRONOMER] a branch 
 of mixt mathematics, whereby we are ac- 
 quainted with thecekftial bodies, their mag- 
 riitudes, motions, rrvolutions, ecliufes, &c. 
 
 ASTRO-THEO'LOGY, [trom afirum, 
 Lit. a ftar, and thtologm, Lat. divinity] the 
 proof; of a Deity drawn from an aftronomical 
 view of the heavens. 
 
 ASU'NDER, Adv. [from afundran, or 
 cfundron, S3X. of nJjyi'Jtan, to feparste j fonder, 
 or fondtren, Teat, to diftinguilh ; fonder, by 
 itfelfj at a dillance from each other j apart j 
 or feparate ; difiblution of the union of two 
 or more bodies. 
 
 ASY'LUM, S. [Lat. from a neg. and 
 wTk-xx, Gr. to pillage, or take out of a place] 
 a landfuary. or place of refuge, which fhelter- 
 ed a criminal, and fecured him from falling 
 into the hands of any officer of juftice. 
 
 ASY'MMETRY, S. [from a priv. and 
 <ry,vc,u£T^(a, Gr. lymmetry] a defeft of propor- 
 tion, harmony, cr cotrefpondence between 
 the parts of a thing. In Mathematics, the 
 inco.Timenlurability of two quantities, when 
 they have no common meafure. 
 
 ASY'MPTOTE.S. [that whichnever meets 
 or coincides, from a neg. cruv, with, and 
 'snriPi'ji, Gr. to fall] a right line, which being 
 continued indefinitely, continually approaches 
 to a curve, or a portion of a curve continued 
 indefinitely Jikewifo, fo as its dif^ance from 
 thence will never beiome an abfolute negative 
 or cypher, but will always be found lefs than 
 the leaft afTignabk quantity. 
 
 ASYMPTO'TICAL, Adj. [from afymp- 
 tole\ b-longing to, or partaking of the proper- 
 ties of an afymptote. Curves zre afympfotica/, 
 when tliey continually approach, without a 
 pofTibility of meeting. 
 
 ASYN'DETON, S. [from a neg. and 
 ••iv^Ei), Gr. to bind together] in Grammar, a 
 figure wherein feveral fentences meet together 
 without any conjunftion ; ufed to exprefs a 
 greater rapijity, or vehemence in the mind of 
 ihe orator, as in the lines of Pcf>e ; " To him 
 no high, no low, no great, no fmall — He fills, 
 he bounds, conneds." — Where the conjunc- 
 •tion a?td is omitted. 
 
 AT, Peep, [^r. Sax. at, Goth.] before a 
 place, it fignifies fometimes, tio^e '^o ; and at 
 other times, in it. Before a word implying 
 time,\t denotes the very inftaiit in which a thing 
 was, or will be, done } and fometimes is put 
 without the word lime in the fame fenfe. 
 Ufed inftead of ivitb, it implies caufe, or on 
 account of. " At this news he dies." Shakefp. 
 Before an adjedlive of the fuperlative degree. 
 It implies manner, or petfeflion. Before a 
 fubftantive, it fometimes denotes a particuhr 
 ciicumftance, and gives it an adverbial mean- 
 ing. As, at eafe, i. e. eafy. After be, it 
 implies de.*ign, intention, or employment. 
 ** She knew what he would be at.'''' Hud, 
 Ufed with anmiiind, it implies fubjcfl; 
 
 ATM 
 
 " Thou art leaft at my command.'''' Dtyd, 
 Sometimes flj" fipniilesyrowi as, " Endeavour 
 to deferve fomethinij iJf our hands." Pc^c. ylt, 
 joined with all, implies, in any refpeft, degree 
 or manner. " Mnft women have no charac- 
 ters at all.'' Pope. 
 
 ATABEK, S [Turk, the father of a 
 prince; atabek'un, Pert. j\n IhAnry, the title 
 borne by the preceptors of the Selgiucides. 
 ATE, (he prefer of eat. 
 A'THEISM, S. [aibeifme, Fr.] the opini- 
 on of thofe who deny the exlfte.--ice and being 
 of a Godj the creator and prefcrver of the 
 world. 
 
 ATHEIST, S. [of a nez. and S-ssj, Gr, 
 God] one who denies the exiftence of a God, 
 the creator and preferver of all things. Ufed 
 adjeftively, it implies fomtthing that partakes 
 of the principles of an atheiit. 
 
 ATHErSTlCAL, Adj. [from athelf}] 
 impious j or agreeable to the principles of an 
 atheift. 
 
 ATHEI'STICALLY, Adv. [ftotnatheifi;- 
 cal and ly\ after the manner of an atheifl. 
 
 A'THEOliS, S. [from a0£3?, Gr.] oppo- 
 (ite, or contrary 10 the belief of a Deity 5 athe- 
 iflical. " J}iheou! prieft." Par. Reg. 
 
 ATHERO'MA, S. [Gr. from aSsja, Cr. 
 pap] a tumour, or wen, which neither yields 
 to the touch, difcolours the fkin, or caufes 
 pain. 
 
 ATHERO'MATOUS, Adj. from aihero- 
 tfia] that which refembles, or is of the nature 
 of, an atheroma. 
 
 ATHl'RST, Adv. [from a and tFirJlJ 
 wanting drink, or a-dry. 
 
 ATHLE' T.^, S. [from a9Xof, Gr. a con- 
 teft] perfons of ftrength and iftivity, cxercilied 
 for the public games of Greece and Rome, 
 and exhibiting their fkill in fuch exploits as 
 required bodily ftrength. 
 
 ATHLE'TIC, Adj. [from athleta, Lat.] 
 ftrong, vigorous, and aftive of body j robud. 
 
 ATHWA'RT, Prep, [of a and tbxva>-[, 
 from ttvcrf, Dan. ziueieb, Teut.] tranfverfe ; 
 acrofs. " His bridge athwart the Hellefpont." 
 Bac. Thiough. " Athwart the terrors." Ad' 
 dif Cato. 
 
 ATLA'NTIC, S. [from atlas] in Geogra- 
 phy, that part of the ocean which lies between 
 Africa and America. 
 
 A'TLAS, S. [Lat.] a colkaion of maps, 
 generally folio, in ilUtfion to the fabie of 
 Atlas's bearing the world on his fhoulders. 
 In Anatomy, the firft vertebra of the neck, 
 which lies next to, and fupports the head. 
 In Archite.fture, thofe (latues, or half-ftatues, 
 of men, ufed inftead of columns or pilafterc 
 to fupport any member of architeflure, fuch 
 as a balcony, &c. They are likcwi.'e nair.ed 
 telanhne:, 
 
 A'TMOSPHERE, S. [from' ar^uof, Gr. a 
 vapour, and o-<j)aij'a, a fpherej air. In Phyfics, 
 that thin ehftic lluid with which the earth is 
 , coveted to a ceit^in height, gravitates towards 
 
 its
 
 A T R 
 
 its center, and on its furface, is carried along 
 with it, and ^lartakes of all its motions, botli 
 annual and diurnal : ibme confine the term 
 only to that part of the air which is neareft 
 the ejrth, receives its vapours and exhaUtions, 
 and refraiSs the rays of light. Its whole 
 weight is 14,831,308,800,000,000,000 lb. 
 troy, and its height, according to I ^e la Hire, 
 l6 leagues, or 48 miles. See AIR. 
 
 ATMOSPHE'RICAL, Adj. [from atrr,',- 
 fphtre] that which belongs to the atcnofphere. 
 ATOM, S. [from atomus, Lat. from a 
 neg. and Tj/xvai, Gr. to cut or dividej in 
 Phyfics, a particle of matter fo minute as 
 to be indivifible, or the primary immutable 
 particles of which bodies are compounded. 
 Any thing veiy minute, or extremely fmall. 
 
 ATO'MiC AL, Adj. [from atom] confifting 
 of, or relating to, atoms, j^tomkal fhUoJ'phy 
 is that which accounts for the formaiion or all 
 things, from the principle or hypothefis of 
 matter endued with motion and gravity. 
 
 ATOMIST, S. [from atem] one who pro- 
 fefTes the corpuftularphilofophy, which main- 
 tains, that all things are formed of immutable 
 particles, and for that reafon Ibll retain the r 
 primitive and original properties. 
 
 ATOMY, S. [the fame as atom'] " A 
 team of little atomia." Rom. and "Jul. 
 
 To ATO'NE, V. N. [of cf ana one, im- 
 plying to unite, or oi ad, to, and tr.r.e, im- 
 plying to harmonize, bkinntr] to agree, or 
 accord. " He and Aufidus can no more ator.e" 
 £fc. ^hakefl>. To make fatisfaftion for; 
 to compeni'ate; to expiate 5 to make a recom- 
 pence. 
 
 ATO'NEMENT, S, [from atore] recon- 
 riliatiun, agreement, concord ; the uniring 
 two perfons at variance with ejch other. 
 " VVbofe blood wss brought in to mjke arj 
 fitcnemtr.t.'''' Le-v. xvi. 27. Ranfcm. 
 
 A'l'ONV, S. (from a neg. and tesvol-, Gr. 
 to ftretcnj in Medicine, want of proper 
 lenfion, or tone, in the folids of a human 
 body, 
 
 A TO'P, Adv. [from a and top] on the 
 highcft part of a thing. 
 
 ATRABILA'RIOUS, Adj. [atrahihin, 
 Yr. from atrabdis, Lat.] that which aficils 
 with a difordtr flowing from a black aduft 
 ftate of the blood ; called melancholy. 
 
 ATRABILA'RIOUSNESS,S.[from/7rrj- 
 b'datious, and w/jJ that quality which cjufes a 
 ptrlon to be deemed melancholic. 
 
 ATRAME'NTAL, Adj. [\r<^fn atranicn- 
 tum, Lat. inkj that which blackens, or has 
 the qualities of ink. 
 
 ATRAME'NTOUS, Adj. rSeeATRA. 
 MENTALJ black, or having the quahty of 
 ink. 
 
 ATRO'CIOUS, Adj. [from atrox, Lat.] 
 that which argues a grear, if not the higheft, 
 degree of wickednefb in the committer j that 
 V hich is extremely, enormoufly, and H igrantly 
 -picked .j 
 
 ATT 
 
 ATRO'CIOUSNESS, S. ffrom atrecim 
 and nefs] that quality which argues a perfon 
 to be extremely, obftinately, and enormoufly 
 criminal. 
 
 ATRO'CITY, S. [from atrecitas, Lat.) 
 that which heightens the enormity of a crime, 
 and makes it an oKjetl of horror. 
 
 A'TROPHY, S. [from a. neg. and t/>e(}>v, 
 Gr. to nourifh] in Phyfic, an univerfal con- 
 lumption, proceeding from the whole habit of 
 the body, without any diftemper of the lungs, 
 or other entrail, or any remarkable fever. See 
 CONSUMPTION. I 
 
 To AT TA'CH, V. A. [attacher, Fr.J in I 
 Law, to feize either on a perfon or his goods ; 
 to have an aftjftion, defire, or inclination to- 
 wards a thing. 
 
 ATTA'CHMENT, S. attachment, Fr.} 
 an habitual dilpofition, or affe£lion of the foul 
 towards an objedl which is dear to it. In 
 Law, the taking or apprehending a perfon 
 or thing, either by commandment of 
 writ. 
 
 To ATTA'CK, V. A. [attaauer Fr, atta- 
 care, Ital.J in war, an effort or attempt, made 
 upon a perfon, or a work, in order to conquer 
 or fubdue them. Figuratively, to fet upon, 
 invade, or treat any one as an enemy, either 
 by attions or words. 
 
 ATTA'CK, S. [attajue, Fr.] in War, an 
 attempt to conquer a body of troops, or mailer 
 a fortified place. A falje attack, is that which 
 is made only to divert the attention of the 
 enemy, and to conceal that of the main one, 
 Figtiratively, any hoftile attempt, whether it 
 cenfift in ailions or words; 
 
 ATTrt'CKER, S. [from attack and «r] 
 the perfon who makes an attempt on a body 
 of loldiers or a fortified place, in order to fub- 
 due or conquer them j any one who ufes 
 another with violence. 
 
 To A TTAl'N, V. A. \attaindre, Fr. atti- 
 mo, Lat. J to make one's own by labour or ' 
 mental application ; to procure, or obtain; to 
 reach ; to arrive at, or acquire. 
 
 ATTAl'NABLE, Adj. [from attain and 
 able] that which may be obtained, acquired, 
 or procured. 
 
 ATTA'iNABLENESS, S. [from attain- 
 Me and ncjs] the quality which renders a 
 thing poflibie to be attained, 
 
 AITA'INDER, S. [attairdre, Fr.] in 
 Law, is where a perfon is convifted of a 
 Clime and fentenced ; or condemned of trea- 
 fon by parliament on a bill brought into the 
 houfe, A perfon, who fuffers attainder, 
 lofes hi' titles, if a nobleman ; and whether 
 private or noble, his children are deprived of 
 their inheritance. 
 
 ATTAINMENT, S, [from attain] that 
 which a perfon makes his own by labour or 
 mental application j the aft or power of at- 
 taining. 
 
 To ATTA'INT, V. A. {altenter, or at- 
 
 tair.dn.
 
 ATT 
 
 ta't'irjt, Fr.] to pafs fentence againft a perfon,' 
 either for telony, or treafon, wherehy he for- 
 feus all his lands, or hereditaments, his blood 
 is corrupte.-i, and his children rendered bale. 
 Figuratively, to debafe, corrupt, or make 
 intjmous, 
 
 ATTA'INT, S. .[See the verb] in Law, 
 a writ which lies againft a jury, that have 
 giv>;n a ialfe veraifi in any court of record, in 
 a trial or perfonal aftinn, where the debt 
 amounts to above forty (hillings. It lies like- 
 wife where- the jury give iheir verditl con- 
 tury to evidence. Figuiatively, a blot or 
 fl.in, in allulJon to the confequences of an 
 attainder. 
 
 ATTA'INTURE, S. See ATTAIN- 
 DER. 
 
 To ATTE'MPER, V. A. [attempero, 
 Lat.] to foften, applied to rigour; to render 
 i'upportable, applied to heat ; to IcTen any 
 i]>:ality by the mixture or addiiion of another. 
 Figuratively, to fui"^, adapt, or fit, in allufion 
 to the tempering metals. 
 
 To ATTE'MFERATE, V. A. [attem- 
 ftri, Lat.j to render i-greeable to ; to make 
 I'uitable to. 
 
 To ATTE'MPT, V, A. [attenler, Fr. at- 
 tcntare. Lit. J to nr.ake a trial; to try, or en- 
 deavour. Sometimes ufed infiejd uf ten pi. 
 
 ATTE'MPT, S. [l>cm the verb] an un- 
 dertaking ; a 'rial to do a thing ; fomelimes 
 applied to the attacks of an enemy. 
 
 ATTE'MPTER, S. [from attempt, and 
 er] the perfon who makes an enoeavour; who 
 tiies, tempts, or aite.Tipts. 
 
 To A'lTE'ND, V. A. [anendre, Fr. of 
 pttei.do, Lat.] to fix the mind to ?n ohjeit, 
 when applied to fpeculation ; to \\i\i\\ ; to 
 wait upon; to accompany; to follow; to 
 fxpec^ ; lo ftsyfor; to lay wait for, Ufed 
 ijru eily, it implies to yield attention; tofiay, 
 or dtlav. 
 
 ATTE'NDANCE, S. [attendance, Fr.] 
 the its. of wailing upon as a fetvant; fervice; 
 the perfon in waiting ; a fervant. 
 
 ATTE NDANT, A:1j. [attendant, Fr.] 
 v/aiting on another as an interior, including 
 the idea of fcrvlce. 
 
 ATTE'NDANT, S. [See the adjeftive] 
 one who accompjnies another; a fervant, or 
 dependant ot a nojleman ; one who depends 
 on another as a luitor j that which is infe- 
 parably united, as a concomitant, or confe- 
 quent, 
 
 ATTE'NDER, S. See ATTENDANT. 
 
 ATTE'NT, Adj. [titrentus, Ljt.J liftening 
 to, or applyin-i th'^ mind to the c jnf;derat'on 
 of any objeft ; int-nt. 
 
 ATTE'NTATES, S. [attentata, Lat.] 
 in L^w, proceedings in a court during a 
 fuit, and after an inhibition ; likewif.; tho'e 
 things which are done alter an extrajudicial 
 appezl. 
 
 ATTE'NTION, S. [Fr.] in Logic, an 
 operation of the mind, which fixes i: to 
 
 ATT 
 
 any particular obje£l, and engages it to con- 
 fmer it in fuch a mar-nevas to acquire adiftinc't 
 idea tliereo*', abforbing, as it were, all other 
 ideas which offer themft-lves to the mind. 
 A pplied to the hearing, it fignifies the ftretch- 
 iiig the drum in fuch a manner, ?s to make it 
 lii'crptible of the weakell impuhe of air, or 
 the loweft found. 
 
 ATTE'NTIVE, Adj. [attentui, Lat.] the 
 applying the mind or ear to one particular 
 objeft. 
 
 ATTE'NTIVBLY, Adv. [from attentivf, 
 and ly] in fuch a manner as to confider, or 
 liften to one particular obje£i. 
 
 ATTE'NTIVENESS, S [from attenthe, 
 and nsfi] that quality of mino wh^ersin a per- 
 loi coiifiders, or lidens to a particular objeft, 
 with a tctal difresjard Of all others. 
 
 AT lE'NUAN TjPart. and Ad].[attenuans, 
 Lat ] th»t which makes thin or dilutes. Ufed 
 fuiftantivcly, in Medicine, for thofe remedies 
 which rarify the fluids. 
 
 To ATTENUATE, V. A. to liquify or 
 make thin. 
 
 ATTE'NUATION, S. [Fr.] in Phyfic, 
 applied to fluids, it is the adt of rendering 
 them more liquid and thinner than they were 
 before ; the efFc<ft of attenuating medicines, 
 or c-iriain efFoits, which nature itfelf makes 
 to deflroy the force of diforders. In a general 
 fenfe, it implies the breaking or deftroying 
 the cohefion of the pirticles of any thing, and 
 increaling th;:r furface- 
 
 To ATTE'ST, V. A. [altefior, Lat.] to 
 zvt a proof r,{ the truth of _ a thing by evi- 
 dence or writing. 
 
 ATTEST A'TION, S, [atteJiaUon, Fr. 
 of aifejijtio, Lat.] evidence, or proof of the 
 truth of any fa£t, either by word or writing. 
 
 A'TriC, Adj. [irom Jttiia, Lat.] m 
 Architsclute, a kind of building or (hotter 
 Oory over another, wherein no roof is to be 
 feen, which is generally decorated with an 
 Older peculiar lo itfelf, compofcd of ths 
 o:her five, but fliould referable that moll 
 which is under it ; the breadth of its pilafter 
 fhoii!d be equal to that underneath it, and 
 juft half its height. The yiliic baje is the moft 
 beautiful of any. In Literature, it implies 
 a brilliant kind of wit, and an inexprellible 
 elegance of ftyle peculiar to the people of 
 Attica. 
 
 To ATT 1 'RE, V. A. [xie.en, or zWen, 
 Teut.J to adorn with cloaths or drefs, F^gu- 
 rativiiy, to embelliih or adorn. 
 
 ATTI'RE, S. [z.:er, xtcrd. Tent.] cloaths 
 or drefs to adorn or embelli(h a perfon. In 
 Botany, the third part or divifion of a plant, 
 including its generative parts ; -ind divided in- 
 to femi-form and florid. 
 
 ATTl'llER, S- [from attire, and fr] ona 
 who attires or drefTes another. 
 
 A'TTITUDE, S. [Fr.ofa///V«^;«^, Ital pof- 
 ture] in Painting and Sculpture, the pofture of 
 I a ftdtue, whereby it exprell'es fome aftion, or 
 
 paflion
 
 A T T 
 
 pafHon of the mind. Applied likewife to the 
 i>age, to imply the roi^iire of an attor to tx- 
 prefs the fentirrie t' of the poet. 
 
 ATTO'LLINT, Adj. [aitrj/ensy Lat.] 
 that which r.iife3 or lifts up. In Anatomy, 
 applied to thofe mufcles which raife the parts 
 thev belone to. 
 
 ATTO'RNEY, S. [atfomafus, Law Lat. 
 from ad and toiir, F. ftead, i. e. one who 
 fupplics the plate of another] a perfon ap- 
 pointed by another to do fomething in his 
 ftead, ylrtcrrey at Laiv, one re'ained to pro- 
 fecute Or defend a fuit or (xflion Attorrey- 
 Gfr.cral, is a great officer, created by letters 
 patent, to exhibit informations, profecute for 
 the crown in criminal caufes, 2nd tile bills in 
 the Exchequer tor any thing concerning the 
 king, in inheritance or profits. 
 
 To ATT'ORNEY, V, A. [from the 
 noun] to pefoim or employ as proxy. " lam 
 ilill attcrnied to vour fervice." ^hakefp. 
 
 ATTO'RNMUNTorATTOURNMENT, 
 S. j^attournenicrt, Fr.J in Law, the agieement 
 of a tenant for liie to the transferring of pro- 
 perty to another. 
 
 To ATTRA'CT, V. A. [of ^ttraSIum 
 Alpine of ^r^rflAo, Lat.J to draw towards iifelf 5 
 to allure or invite. 
 
 ATTRA-'CT, S. [from the verb, or rather 
 from ottrait, Fr.J that which has the power 
 •of allnring, engaging the (.ft'eifnon,, or atttaft- 
 ing, " Attrach and fijmes." Eudih. 
 
 ATTRA'CTICAL, Adj. [frrm attrari] 
 rtat which haih the power ui drawing fome 
 thing towards it. 
 
 ATTRA'CTION, S. [from attraBkn, 
 Fr.J in Mecha.nics, the aft of a moving 
 power, by which a thing that may be n.ovcd 
 is brtught nearer, or drawn towards it. In 
 the Mewtonian fyftem, it is an indefinite 
 principle, not implying a particular manner 
 nor phyfical caufc of aftion, but only a tenden- 
 cy of approaching, whether it proceed from 
 any external cau:e, or be inherent in bodies 
 themfelves, excluding the idea cf impulfe from 
 its confideration. It is divided into the attrac- 
 tion of gravity, or :he atrraftion of cohefi.-,n. 
 The attraihtn of gra-v'tty, called the centri- 
 petal force by mathematicians, is that by 
 which all bodies tend towards the cemer, or 
 a£l on each other at a diftance ; from hence 
 proceed almoft al) the motions and changes 
 in the fyftem; it is by this principle that lijht 
 bodies afcend, that projeftiles are regulated in 
 their courfes, the vapours ai'cend, and the rain 
 fails ; the waves roll, tlie air prelTes, and the 
 fea is fwelled or ciecreafsd by the viciflimtie cf 
 Its flux and reflux. The attraFlion of cokefion, 
 IS that which unites the infenfiDle particles of 
 bodies together into their dfterent maOes, and 
 caules the roundnefs we fee in drnps of water 
 or qu'ckfilver. Figuratively, the power of 
 alluring, enticing, or engaging the affcftions 
 of a perfon, 
 
 AtTR.^.'CTIVE, Adj. {ar.rarnf, Fr.J 
 
 ATT 
 
 that which ha: the power cf drav/'r.ganothsr 
 to Itfelf; inviting, alluring, engaging, applied 
 to pcrfonal charms. 
 
 ATTRA'CTIVE, S. [See the adjeftivej 
 that wliich can draw or engage the afl'edlions; 
 diifcring from alturemcr.t, as that is ufed in a 
 bad fenfe j but attraftion generally in a good 
 one. 
 
 ATTRA'CTIVELY, Adv. [from at- 
 fraSil've and AJ in the manner of a thing, 
 or perfon, which draws or allures fome- 
 thing. 
 
 ATTRA'CT) VENE3S, S. [from cHrac- 
 n'-ve, and refsj the quality by t\hich a thing 
 attraifls, or allures. 
 
 ATTRA'Cl'OR, S. [from attra3] that 
 which draws towards itfelf. 
 
 ATTRA'HEN T, S. [attrabcns, Lat.] that 
 which draws toward' itfelf. 
 
 ATTRIB'LJTABLE, Adj. [from attri- 
 hute, and able\ that which may be affirmed as 
 belonging to a thing ; that which may be af- 
 cribcd or imputed to a thing, or perfon. 
 
 To ATTRIBUTE, V. A. [oi attiibuum, 
 fupine of ainhuo, Lat.] to affirm as belong- 
 ing to a thing J to alcribe as a property j to 
 impute, or charge, applied to a caufe. 
 
 ATTRIBUTE, S. attnbut, Fr ] in Me- 
 taphjfjcs, a conftant property of a being flow- 
 ing from its e.Tence In Divinity, the quali- 
 ties or perfeftions of the Deity, which make 
 up the complex idea of his effence. Attri- 
 hut?s, in Mythology, are the qualities, or ac- 
 trihutes of the Deity, which were perfonized, 
 or reprefented under the idea of diflerent per- 
 fons by the Heathens ; thus Jupi'er was the 
 power, [uno 'he anger, and Minerva the 
 wifo-^m oi the fupreme Being. Atirihutu in 
 Painting and Sculpture, are thofe fymbols 
 which are added to any pifture or f(-atue, to 
 expref^s the peculiar office or dignity of the 
 chiet figure ; thus the Scythe ch.uafterifes 
 Ttrne in the monument of general Gueft; the 
 Cdduceus, Eloquence, in that of the duke of 
 Argyle ; and the Cornucopia iilled with appks, 
 corn, and a fufpeniied tleece, together with a 
 ftiio'? roiiruiTi on her head, the figure of Bri- 
 tannia, on that of Commodore Warren, ia 
 Weftminfter- abbey. 
 
 ATTRIBUTION, S. [from artril-.r.e'j^ 
 fomethlng .ifciibed ; ciiaratler or {cputation. 
 
 ATTRI'TE, Adj. [Mtnu:s, Lat.J worn off 
 by rubbing two bodies together, 
 
 ATTRI'TENESS, b. [ifomaiiriu, and 
 n.'/j] the q'lality produced by the rubbing of 
 two bodies together, fo a? ta wear oft fome 
 01 their furiaces ; the being worn. 
 
 ATTRITION, S. [f r. of a'.trhh, Lac] 
 the aftion of rubbing two bodies together, fo 
 as to wear away or tub ofr' fome particles on 
 their furfaces. 
 
 To ATTUNE, V. A. [from a and ture] 
 to put an inflrument into tune ; to make the 
 voice Or any inflru:n?nts accord together, 
 Ibund the fame notes, er i<ey, 
 
 6 To
 
 A U D 
 
 ToAVA'IL, V, A. [aualere,ltz\.va!sir, 
 Fr. or fain valoir, Fr.] to turn to one's own 
 ufe, benefit, profit, or advantage ; to promote 
 or procure ; to be of ufe, or advantage. " It 
 a-va'ils nothing to have been encouraged." Pope. 
 
 AVA'ILABLE, Adj. [I'rom a-v^il and 
 able] applied to means, it figiiifies their fuit- 
 ablenefs or efficacy to obtain tlie end ; power- 
 f;)l, or proper. " Availablt to fecure a con- 
 tinuance." /Jiterb. 
 
 AVA'NT-GUARDjS. [avant-guardi,Yt.'] 
 in War, the firll line, or divifion of an army 
 in battle array; or that part which is (ttn by 
 the enemy, and marches tirft againll him. 
 
 A'V'ARICE, S. [Fr. from ai-aritia, Lat.j 
 \n Pilorality, an immoderate love and defire 
 after riches, attended w-ith extreme diffidence 
 cf future events, exceffive precautions againrt 
 t'?c inftability of foitime, making a perfon rob 
 Jiimfelf of the neceliary comforts of life, for 
 fear of diminifhing his riches. 
 . AVARI'CIOUS, Adj. [from at-arlce] that 
 which partakes of the n.iture of avarice. 
 
 AVARI/CIOUSNESS, S. [irom a-vaxicicus 
 and ref:^ that quality which inclines a perfon 
 to defire riches im.-nolerately, to make no 
 ule of them when poiTelTcd of them, tor fear 
 cf diminiftiing them, and denominates him an 
 avarichus perfon, 
 
 AVA'ST, Adv. [of ab and ha-yler, Belg,] 
 Sea-term ; hold ; ftop. 
 
 AVAU'NT, Adv. [avar.r, Fr.] a word 
 implying detettation, or abhorrence j fignifying 
 begone ! out of my fight ! 
 
 AU'CTION, S. [Fr. of auBio, Lat. from 
 ougeo, Lat. to increafs] a method of fdle 
 wherein goods are fold to the higheft bidder. 
 Like wife, all the things to be difpofed of at 
 luch a fale. 
 
 AUDA'CIOUS, Adj. [audjce, Fr. of au- 
 dax, Lat. J a term relative to the nature of 
 an aftion ; the difpofition of mini of one 
 who undertakes it ; and the manner in which 
 it is executed. V/ich refpeft to the nature of 
 the adlion, it implies fomething difticult, and 
 attended with m^ny oDliacles, that the perfon 
 is of fuch a difpofition of min.i as not to mat- 
 ter what difiicuities he encounters, and that 
 he /hews a great deal of impudence in render- 
 ing nis attempt effectual; fo that the word is 
 properly apol ed in a bad fenfe only. 
 
 AUDA'CiOUSLY, Adv. [hom audacioui 
 and /y] in fuch a m;<nner as befpeaks a dating 
 impudence. 
 
 AUDA'CIOUSMESS, S. [from audacious 
 and 7Jf/i] that ijuality which argues a difpofiti- 
 on ot mind ihat will induce a pcrlon to under- 
 take any aftion, let the difficulties be what 
 they will. Always iifsd in a bad fen'e, and 
 including the fecondaiv idea of impudence. 
 
 AUDA'CITV, fi.'[o{auJax, L.t.J a dif- 
 pofition of niijid which makes a perlon ca- 
 pable of undertaking any difficult action, aiid 
 Jrees him irom thefe apprehenfions which 
 might render him in?.ttive, of unfit for the 
 tfficts of lurie'.y. 
 
 AVE 
 
 AU''DIBLE, Adj. [from euaibi'U, Lit.} 
 that which is the objeft of hearing j thai 
 which may be heard. 
 
 AU/DIBLENESS, S. [from audible and 
 nefs'] that which renders a thing the objedl of 
 hearinc, or 'o be heard. 
 
 AU'DIENCE, S. [Fr. of audio, Lat. ta 
 hear] that attention which is given to a per- 
 fon while he is fpeakin^. In a court fenfe, 
 the admiffion of ambafladors or public mini- 
 fters to a king, In order to deliver the creden- 
 tials of their fovereign?, and to open the in- 
 tentions for which they are fent. In Hiflory, 
 the tribunals or courts of juftice eflablifheil by 
 the Spaniards in America. Perfons allembled 
 in order to hear a public fpeaker. 
 
 AU'DIT, S. [from audir, he hears, the 
 third perfon fingular prefent of atidio, L^t. or 
 auditus, hearing] in Law, the hearing and 
 examining the accounts of a perfon concerned 
 in the receipt of money, by perfuns publicly 
 appointed for that puroofe. 
 
 To AU'DIT, V. A. [from audio, Lat.j to 
 examine on account, 
 
 AU'DITOR, S. [auditory Lat.] one who 
 hears ; one who is prefent when any thing is 
 delivered in public; one who examines and 
 palles either public or private accounts. 
 
 AU'DITORY, Ad>. [auditonus, Lat.] 
 thatjwhich conduces to hearing. In Anatomy, 
 the auditory nerves are a pair of nerves arifing 
 from the medulla oblongata, and di.lributed 
 the one to the ear, the foft and fpongy part of 
 which is the immediate caufe of hearing, an^i 
 the other to the eye, \^c. " 
 
 AU'DITORYjS. [audltoruhn.l.il.'] a pLicer 
 where perfons aflemble to hear any difcourfe j 
 a colleftion of perfons fo afTem'ikd. 
 
 AVE'LLANE, Adj. [nux avellana, Lat. 
 afilberdjin HenMry, croC'i aveHaiie, is that 
 which is formed of four filberds in thiir hulks, 
 joined together at the preat end. 
 
 A'VE MA'RY,S. [from Ave Man a. hi\l 
 Mary, the fuft words of the angel's fjKiiation 
 to the Virgin Mary] a prayer ufed by the 
 Romiih cluirch, v.hich begins with ihofe 
 wor.is, and imoloies her intercefTion. 
 
 To AVE'NGE, V. A. [fronwand i^cr.g,; 
 Fr. rjingar^ Span. i,eigirn, Ital.J to punith in 
 propoition Co the e.nurmity of crimes, and dif- 
 tinguifli'd from re-.tngt, becaufethat is always 
 ufed in a bid, bur this in a good fenfe. 
 
 AVE'NGEMENT, S. {ucm avengel the 
 a£t of punilhing for crimes. 
 
 AVE'NGER, S. [from aiienge'i.n^ cr'\ one 
 who intliifts puniiTiment for crimes. Or ihe 
 ill confcqueiices which attend the commiffioa 
 of crimes. 
 
 AVE-'NUE, S. [Fr. from a-vaur, Fr. to 
 come to] a p.^llaeo or opening. Jn Gardening, 
 walks of trees leading to a houfe. In Per- 
 ipective, it is a psfTage, which ;s narroweric 
 the end tn.m at the bcginnifi<r, in order to 
 make it appear the longer, or ilraiahr, when 
 Viewed iro:ft the narrowelt end, la Fortifica- 
 
 liuji.
 
 AUG 
 
 tion, the opening, inlet to, or communication 
 bet wren, a tort and baftion. 
 
 To A VE'R, V. A. [ui-erer,TT. from -verum, 
 Lar. truth] to affirtn or afTt^rt a thing to be 
 true, with tome degfee of pofitivencfs. 
 
 A'VERAGE, S. [a'verjg'uw, Law Lai.l 
 in Law, a cue or fervice which a tenant oweu 
 his lord, by his beaft or carriage. In Sea 
 Commerce, tiie accidentsor mis ortuncs v/hich 
 liap))''n to a lliip or cargo, divided into fimple, 
 Jarge or common, and fmall ; an jliov/a.icf 
 given the rnafter tor his care of tlie gjoJs, 
 above the freight. 
 
 AVERMtNT,S. [from aver] in Law, tiie 
 eftabliflimerit cf a tiling by ev;Qe:'Ce ; an offer 
 to m<ke good an exceotinn pleaJed in abite- 
 jnent ot the plaintiff's adtion, and an aftual 
 
 COlTlg it. 
 
 AVERSA'TION, S. [of averfjtus, L2it.] 
 a term alluding to the niction of a perfon who 
 deielis any thing, which is that of turning 
 away from it. 
 
 AVt'RSE, Adj. [aveffi.'s,hz'..'] hoftilc, or 
 angry win ; unwilling, abhorring 
 
 AVERSELY, Adv. [from jr^'/^ and /y] 
 in a manner which fliews great unwiliini^neii. 
 Backwards, oppnffd to forwards. 
 
 AVE'RSENESS, S. [from aierfe Rui Ms] 
 difficulty to be perfuided ; unvviUingncls ; 
 backwardnefs. 
 
 A VE'R SIGN, S. [Fr. from averjlo, Lar.] 
 diflike, arifing from the dilagreeablenefs of an 
 tiHjett ; the caufe of diflike. '^ An uvcrji^n 
 lo lubjeftion." ^"Iddijon. 
 
 To A'VERT, V. A. [awr/o,Lat.] to turn 
 afide, or keep off". 
 
 AUF, S. [alf, Belg. fooliff. ; ah-e, a de- 
 mon] a perfon void of difcretion, ot common 
 lenfe ; a fool. 
 
 AU'GER, S. \na"jegar. Sax. ax.egar, or 
 eg^er, Belg ] in Mechanics, an inffrument 
 uied by carpenters and cooptrs to bore holes 
 with ; confifliiig of a handle and bit. 
 
 AUGHr, Fron. [from avkt, or atvht, 
 Sax. J any thing applied to the extent of a 
 perfuu's knowledge, ai far as. *' For aurht 
 1 know." Boy'e. 
 
 To .^UG'MENT, V. A. laugmenter, Fr.J 
 to encreafe the value or dimenfion of a thing, 
 by the addition of fomething elfe. 
 
 AU'GMENT, S. [Fr.J increafe, applied 
 to the dimenfions of a body, or the progrefs of 
 a difeafe. 
 
 AUGjMENTA'TION, S. [Fr.] theaclion 
 of adding or joining one thing to another, in 
 order to increafe i;s (ize or value j the ttate ot 
 being incieafeJ. In Heraldry, adcitions made 
 to an efcu:cheon ; :is the arms of Ulfter,which 
 are worn by all baronets in England. 
 
 Al.'GRE,S. See AUGER. Jugre-hole, the 
 Cavity or Imle bored by an augre. 
 
 AU'GUR, S. [Lat. from auium gfjiu] in 
 AnLtcnl Hiftory, one who pretendetl lo lorc- 
 Ifrl Che fij- eels of any undertaking by the flight 
 ot birds; or miiiiicx in v\h.ch poui'rry cit 
 tiielt food. 
 
 A V O 
 
 To AU'CUR, V.K. [fxom augur] tofort- 
 tel ; to guefs at ; to prefage. 
 
 To AU'GURATE, V. "H.^auguror, Lat.] 
 to piediti by figns, after the manner of an 
 auizur. 
 
 AUGURA'TION, S. [from augur'] the 
 prailice of determining future events in the 
 manner of aisgurs. 
 
 AUGU'RIAL. Adi. [Uom augur] accord- 
 ing to the principles of an aueur. 
 
 To AU'GURIZE, V. N, [from /tugwl to 
 pretend to foretel future events, by the fiigiit 
 of brrds, &c. 
 
 AU'GUROUS, Adj. [from augur] prefaj.. 
 ing ; having a knowledge of fomething future, 
 generaltv including the idea of fear. 
 
 AU'GURY, S. [augurium, Lit.] the art 
 f predifting fuure events by the flight oi" 
 eating of b.rds; known to the Egyptians and 
 other nations, even in the time of Mofes. 
 
 AUGU'ST,Adj. [d«^tt,?«i,Lal,Jthat which 
 may claim reverence, on account of its digni'y 
 cr rank, or expect a\ve from its appearance. 
 
 A'UGUST, S. [fiom Juguftui] fince the 
 .ilteration of the rtile,the eighth month of the 
 year, called by the Romans Sext'dis, or th'i 
 lixth month from Match; but named Augr.ft 
 from Auguftus Cstfar. It wis repiefented by 
 the ancients under the figure of a young man 
 with a fair countenance, crowned with i« gar- 
 land of wheat, a baTKet of fruit on his arm, a 
 fickle in his hani, snd bearing a vicfim. 
 
 AUGU'STNESS, S. [Uomauguii and nef,] 
 that quality which renders a pes fun an objeft 
 of reverence, awe, and homage. 
 
 A'VIARY, S. [iToma-v-.i, Lat.] a place 
 inclofed for keeping a colledlion ot birds. Fi- 
 guratively, the colkftion of birds kept in fuch 
 a place. 
 
 A'VISO, S. [Ital.]in Commerce, notice 
 or intormation given by letter. 
 
 AtJ'KWARD, Adv. See AWKWARD. 
 AU'LlC, Afij. \auiicus, Lat. J belonging to 
 the court. In Hiftory, applied to the higiieft 
 court of the empire of Germany, originally 
 inflitutcd to determine the dilputes between 
 the emperor and his fubjecfs. 
 
 AUNT, S. [from tr.nt!, Fr.] a female le- 
 lation, who is a filter either to a perfon's fa« 
 ther or mother. 
 
 To A'VOCATE, V. A. [from a-vocatum, 
 of iiz'oco, Lat.] to call aperfca from any thing 
 he is engaged in. 
 
 AVOCA'TION, S. [(rom a-voca::o, Lit.] 
 the diverting a peifi n's attention Irom fome- 
 thing he is already engaged in. 
 
 To AVOl'D, V, A. [from a and 'vuiJe, of 
 ijuidery Fr J to forbear; to fhun; tu cjuit, or 
 leave. 
 
 AVOI'DABLE, Adj. [from awd and 
 ab!e] ttie pcfiibility of elcaping tlie eHcd\s ol a 
 thing ; thar which may t)e elcaped,or fiiynned. 
 AVOI'DANCE, S. [trom aveWjiheadt 
 whereby one fries himfelf from tfte eficfts of 
 any caufe; the att sf smptyir-gjor c:irryiiig olF. 
 AVOl'DER,
 
 A U R 
 
 AVOI'DER, S. [from avoid nod eri the 
 perfon who fhuns, efcapes, or carries away : 
 the vefTel ufed to carry things away in. 
 
 AVOlRDUPOHS, S. [from awir, to have 
 and (in poidi, Fr. weight] a kind of weight, 
 fiippofed to be borrowed from the Romans, a 
 pound o? which contains 1 6 oz. bearing the 
 fame proportion to a lb. troy, as 14 to 1 6. All 
 coarfer commodities are bought by this 
 weight : and it is obferved, that apothecaries 
 buy by this, though they fell by troy weight. 
 
 AVOLA'TION, S. [fromaWa, Lat.J the 
 fiyingawav; flight or efcape. 
 
 To AV'OU'CH, V. A. favour, Fr ] to 
 prove by vouchers, or proper authorities ; po- 
 iitively to maintain the truth of a thing j to 
 juftify, or vindicate, yauchh in ufe, at pre- 
 fent, in its ftead. 
 
 AVOU'CH, S. [from the verb] proof, 
 witnefs, evidence. " The fenfible and try'd 
 avouch — Of mine own eyes." Shakefp. 
 
 A U T 
 
 priv ite confeflion a perfon makes of his'fins t» 
 .1 prieft, in order to receive abfolution, 
 
 AURI'CULARLy, Adv. [from auricular 
 ind /iij in a private or fecret mariner. 
 
 AURI'FEROUS, Adj. [a«r</-cr,Lat.] that 
 which produces Rolr). 
 
 AU^'rIGATION, S. [ai/rr^ff, Lat.] the 
 drivine a vehicle or rarriace. 
 
 AURIPIGME'NTUM, S. See ORFf- 
 MENT. 
 
 AURO'RA, S. [Lat,] In Geography, that 
 faint dawn which appears in the E. when the 
 fun is within iS deg. of the horizon. In My- 
 tholcgy, the goildefs who prefides over day- 
 break, the daughter of Hyperion and Thea, 
 or of the Sun and the Earih. She is defcribed 
 in all the pomp of imagination by Homer, 
 coverej wiili i great veil, wish roiy lingeis 
 and hair fprinkling the dew, and expanding 
 the cups of flowers. 
 1 AURUM FULMINANS, [Lat. thunder- 
 
 AVOU'CHABLE, Adj. [from avoucbzni ing gold] in Chemiftry, a diiTolution of gold 
 
 tilk^ that which may be proved by evidence 
 or vouchers, 
 
 AVOU'CHER, S. [from avouch and er'] 
 he that proves the trurh of an allertion by 
 proper vouchers, or evidence. 
 
 To AVO'vV, V. A. [_hom avo-wer, Fr.] 
 
 to profefs openly, without any diflimulation. 
 
 AVO'WaBL'E, Adj. [from avoiu and able] 
 
 that which may be publicly owned without 
 
 liiiTembling, and fometimes without fhame. 
 
 AVOWAL, S. [from avoiv] a public 
 confeflion, without the leaft dillimulation, 
 
 AVO'WEDLY, Adv. [from avowed and 
 /y] in a public open manner j profclledly j 
 publicly, 
 
 AVOWE'E, S. [avoue\ Fr.] the perfon to 
 whom the prefentation of any benefice, or the 
 right of advowfon, belongs. 
 
 AVO'VVER, S, [from avoiv and er"] one 
 who openly profefles, afferts, or declares, with- 
 out diffimuUtion. 
 
 AVO'WRY, S. [from avoiu'\ in Law, the 
 avotving or confefling the having taken a dif- 
 trefs for rent, when the perfon diftrained fues 
 for a replevin. 
 
 AURE'LIA, S. [from aurum, gold] in 
 Natural Hifl:ory, the fecond change of a cater- 
 pillar towards a moth or fly, in which itfeems 
 deprived of motion, receives no nouri/hmerit, 
 and appearing fometimes with a yellow or 
 gold coloured fkin, is called by this name. 
 
 AURE'LIaN, S. [from aurelia^ a natura. 
 lift, who applies himfelf to fludy the various 
 changes of infedls; fometimes applied to one 
 who breeds and defctibes the various ftatee of 
 moths and butterflies. 
 
 AU'RICLE, S. [auriculus, Lat.] in Ana 
 tomy, the external ear, or that part which is 
 prominent from the head. 
 
 AURI'CULAR, Adj. [from «Kr;V«/fl, Lat.] 
 that which belongs to the 
 
 in aqua reg:d. Aurum (iotainle, a dilTolution of 
 gold which makes it drinkable, 
 
 AU'SPICE, S. [aufpicium, Lat.] the art of 
 divinjtion, coniined to the fliglits or finging 
 of birds; a prorpcrous event, or the favour 
 and prote£lion of a lucky perfon. 
 
 AUSPI'CIAL, Adj. [irom auffice] that 
 which relates to aufpicc. 
 
 AUSPI'CIOUS, Adj. [itamaujpUe] that 
 which promifes futcefs j favourable, tortunate, 
 kind, propitious, applied to psrfons. 
 
 AUSPI'CIOUSLY, Adv.' [Uom an fpkmn 
 and /yj in fuch a manni;r as to piomiie fac- 
 cefs, alluding to the ancient method of con- 
 fulting the aufpices, before the emoarking in 
 any undertaking. 
 
 AU'STERE, Adj. [auJJerus, Lat.] applie4 
 to morals, rigid, and mortified, oppofed to 
 effeminate, or luxurious. Applied to taftes, 
 rough, four, and aftringenC, like that of un- 
 ripe fruits. 
 
 AUSTERE'LY, Adv. [from aujlere and 
 /yj in a rigid, mortifying manner. 
 
 AUSTE'RITY, S. [from aup.-e] a (late 
 of rigid feverity and mortification, fometimes 
 including the fecondary idea of fournefs, or 
 morofenefs : feverity orhar.Tjnefs of difcipline. 
 AU'STRAL, Adj, [aujiralis, Lat.J that 
 which is towards the fouth. 
 
 AUTHE'NTIC, or AUTHE'MTICAL, 
 Adj. [authentkus, Lat.J in Grammar, a thing 
 of eftabliihed authority ; that which is at- 
 tended with all the proofs, and attefted by 
 perfons who deferve credit. 
 
 AUTHE'NTICALLY, Adv. [frohti cu- 
 thentical and ly\ in fuch a manner as to pro- 
 curs credit. 
 
 To AUTHE'NTICATE, V. A [autbvtl^ 
 quer, Fr,] to eilablifh a thing by the neceflary 
 proofs of it? genuincnefs. 
 
 AUTHEN Tl/CITY, S. [from autkenuc] 
 
 earj lecret or pri- 
 Va e, as if whifpered in a perlon's ear, Airi- I the genuinenefs of a thing, fupported by pro- 
 (ular confejjion, in U.e Romilh church, is the per proofs and authorities. 
 
 4 AUTHE.V-
 
 A U T 
 
 AUTHE'NTICLY, Adv. [from euthervc 
 and ly] in luch a manner as to evince a thing 
 to br genuine. 
 
 AU'THOR, S. \_autenr, Fr. auEir.r, Lat.] 
 in its more pioper fenfe, one who creates, or 
 produces any thing ; the original inventor or 
 difcoverer of any new art or principle; one 
 %vho writes upon any fubjeft, oppoftid to a 
 tranfli'.tor or compiler. 
 
 AUTHORITATIVE, Adj. [from a"tho- 
 r/VyJ that which has an influence over another} 
 that which commands or obliges. 
 
 AUTHO'RITATlVELY,Adv.[froma«- 
 thoutatiTe and ly\ in fuch a manner as to be- 
 Ipeak proper authority or licence. 
 
 AUTHORITATIVENESS, S. [from au- 
 tboritat'i've and w/s] that quality which fliews 
 a perfon to be properly licenfed, or to have au- 
 thority for the doing any thing. 
 
 AUTHO/RITY, S.' [autcrite, Fr. auHo- 
 r'ltas, Lat.] a power which leaves a perlon 
 the liberty of choice, arifing from fuperiority 
 of rank or reafon ; includes the fecondary idea 
 of refped, and is applied to God, with rei'pe<ft 
 to his creatures ; and to parents, with refpect 
 to their children : applied to arguments, it 
 denotes their ftrength. 
 
 AUTHORIZA'TION,S.[fromau/itWi;e] 
 the aft of communicating authority. 
 
 To AUTHORIZE, V. A. [jutorifer, 
 Fr ] to give a perfon licence or authority to 
 perform a thing j to encourage; to juftify; 
 10 give credit. 
 
 AUTO'CRASY, [from a-S:<^, and 
 xp ©-■, Gr.] independent power. 
 
 AUTO DA FEE, S. '[Span, an aft of 
 faith j a folemn d^v afiigned by the incjuiruion 
 for the puniftiment ot heretics, or the acquit- 
 tal of thofe who have been unjuftly accufed 
 as fuch. 
 
 AUTOGR.4.'PHlCAL, Adj. [of auT<^, 
 and y«a;+.a), Gr.] that which is wrote by a 
 perfon b own hjn.l. 
 
 AUTO'GR APHY, S. [SetJuUgraf^bica!] 
 a perfon's own hand-wiiting. An original, 
 o-poTed to a copy. 
 
 AUTOMA'TICAL, Adj. [from automa- 
 tcn] that which hath the qualities of an auco- 
 maton, or is endued with a power to move it- 
 felf. In the animal cpconomy, applied by 
 Eoeihaave to expre's thoie motions, which 
 arife purely from the firudtute of the body, and 
 over which the will has no power, 
 
 AUTO'MATON, S. [from av/^ and 
 fjia-ai, Gr.] in r.Iechanics, an engine which 
 moves of itfelf, or a mschine which has the 
 principle < ' motion in itfelf, 
 
 AUTQ/MATOUS, Adj. [dom autornaf on] 
 tjiii* which has the power of motion in itfelf. 
 
 A/UTOPSY, -S. [from au'^ nnd c-j-, 
 Gr.j the feeing a thing with one's own eyes. 
 Applied by the ancients to the communica- 
 tions whicn the foul had with the gods in 
 the E!euf>nian mvfttries, 
 
 AU'TOPTiCAL, A^], [from au'offy] 
 
 A W A 
 
 that which is feen by a per.'on's own eyes. 
 
 AUTO/PTlCALLY,Adv. [from a;/«/.n<tf; 
 and /y] in fuch a manner as a perfon may be 
 an eye-wirnefs. 
 
 AU'TUMN, S. [autumnus,Lit.'] in Aftro- 
 nomy, the third feafon of the year, wherein 
 the fruits are gathered in, commencing at the 
 equinox, and ending at the winter folftice ; 
 indudmg the months of Aiiguft, September, 
 and OdJober. Some nations co.mputed their 
 years by. autumns, the Saxons by winter;, 
 and, according to Tacitus, the Germans had 
 no idea of this feafon. In Alchymy, the 
 time employed in bringing the procefs for the 
 philofopher's ftone to perfeftion. 
 
 AUTU'.MNAL, Adj. [autcv.nal, Fr.] that 
 which belongs to autumn ; that which is pro- 
 duced in autumn. In Aftronomy, ^\\t autum- 
 nal point is that poi.nt of the equinoctial line, 
 from whence the fun begins to defcend to- 
 wards the S. The cutumr.al figns are Libra, 
 Scorpio, and Sagittarius. 
 
 A VU'LSION, S. [auulfio, Lat.] the aft of 
 pulling afcnder two bodies already united, im- 
 plying the fecondary idea of feme exeitien of 
 force. 
 
 AUXILIAR, or AUXILIARY, S. [a»m- 
 /i<2i/f, Fr,] a peifon who aflifJs another, whe- 
 ther in war, peace, works of ftreng.h, or the 
 produfts of the uaderllanding. Sometimes 
 applied to things. 
 
 AUXILIAR, or AUXILIARY, Adj. 
 [auxiliaris, Lat.] that which aftords help, or 
 afliftance. In Grammar, applied to fuch verbs 
 3S are prefixed to others, and help to conju- 
 gate certain tenfes, which are on that account 
 named compound ones. 
 
 To AWA'IT, V. A. [from a and wait^ 
 to expeft a thing future ; to be referved, or 
 defigned for. 
 
 To AWA'KE, V. A. [from a-zvacian, or 
 'H'eccian, Sax,] to raife from fleep. Figura- 
 tively, to reduce a thing in a dormant or 
 latent Rate into aftion, Neuterly, itfignifies 
 to ceafe to fleep. 
 
 To be AWA-'KE, V, N. to be cautions ; 
 to be on one's guard ; to take fuch meafures 
 as not to be furprifed by an approaching ca- 
 lamity, or enemy. 
 
 AWAKE, Part, [from the verb] fhaking 
 off fleep. 
 
 To AV/A'KEN, V. A. [Pret, axuakened, 
 from a-wjcian, Sax.] See AWAKE. This 
 fecms to be the beft word. 
 
 To AWA'RD, V. A.J from a and wtarj, 
 Sax.] to pafs fenrence, or determine a contro- 
 verfy, as an arb.trator. Figuratively, to give 
 one's opinion. 
 
 AW.VRD.S.ffrom the verb] the jutfgment 
 or opinion of a perfon chofen bycontend ng par- 
 lies, to deterifiine a diflerence between them. 
 
 A'WARE, Adj. perceiving J cautious; or 
 upon one's guard. 
 
 A'WAY, Adj. [atveir, Sax.] after the 
 verb^o, or it, it implies abfer-t, «r out of 
 
 f:ght.
 
 A X L 
 
 %ht. At the beginning of a fentence, it has 
 the force of a verb in the imperative mooJ^ 
 and iignifies, leave this place. '' Auay, old 
 man." i^halefp. Sometinies joined to a verb, 
 it implies to lofe, including the idea of kvifh- 
 ing, fquandering, or prolnUon, 
 
 AWE, S. [from'fiw, Arm.] a fefpea 
 mixed with terror, inciuding the idea of lu- 
 perior rank, authority, or parts. 
 
 To AWE, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 influence a perfon by one's authority, dignity, 
 or age. 
 
 AWFUL, Adj. [from a^ve and /«//] that 
 ■which ciufes refpe£l joined with fc'ar, on ac- 
 count of its dignity, authority, or age. 
 
 AWFULLY, Adv. [from ait/i/and lf\ in 
 fuch a manner as to command refpeiV, j.jined 
 with fear; including tlie fecondary ideas of 
 authority and digniiy. 
 
 A'WFULNESS, S. [from <2«-/L/and r.ej{\ 
 that quality which attrails refpeft mixed with 
 fear. 
 
 A WHI'LE, Adv. [from a and nuhiie'^ (pace, 
 or interval, applied to time j fome time. 
 
 AWKWARD, Adj. [from aiucd, Sa'j.] 
 applied to the mind, perveife; applied to the 
 behaviour, clumfy ; unhandv ; clownifh, 
 
 AW/KWAP<.DLy, Adv.' [from awkivard 
 and /y] in a ciumfy manner. 
 
 A'WKWAROkESS, S. [from aiukward 
 and nefi^ that quality which fhews a perlon 
 not to have been converfant with the elegan- 
 cies of polite life ; and denotes him to be 
 clownifh and clumfy. 
 
 AWL, S. [a.'V, ale, Sax.] a fharp-pointed 
 inQrument ufed by ihocmakevs to make holes, 
 in order to expedite their work. 
 
 AWNING, S. [from aulne, Fr.] the hang- 
 ing a fail, or tarpaulin, over any part of a fliip 
 to keep the fun off. 
 
 A'WRY, Adv. [from a and ivry~\ out of 
 a ftraight line j out of a perpendicular direc- 
 tion ; on one fide ; not even. Figuratively, 
 erroneoufly. " Much of the foul they talk, 
 but all anvy.''" Par. Reg. 
 
 AX, or AXE, S. [from acje, Sax.] a car- 
 penter's inftrument to hew wood ; its eJ e ta- 
 pers to the middle of the blade, and it h'^s a 
 Jong hancle to be ufed with both hands. 
 
 AX'IOM, S. (a^iijjMa, C] a proportion 
 whofe truth is fo ckar, that it is known as 
 foon as propofed, and cannot admit of proof 
 by any tiling more ckar, plain, or evident. 
 
 A'XIS, S. [Lat.j a line, either real or 
 imaginary, drawn through the center of a 
 body, about which i: turns. Axh in perhrocb'o, 
 , is one of the five mechanical powers, ufed to 
 raife weights, and confifls of a peritrochium, 
 or wheel, concentric witii the bafe of a cyliij 
 tier, together with which it moves ahout its 
 ax.s. In Botany, that long, round, fmooth 
 part placed in the center of the jujii, about 
 which the male or?JDs are difi)ofed. 
 
 A'XLE, or A'XLE-TREE, S. [from acf:, 
 Sax. and tieow, Sax.j a piece of wood, &c. 
 
 B 
 
 which pafTes tluough the center of a wiieeJ, 
 on which it turns. 
 
 AY, Adv. [from ja, Sax. or gah, Goth.] 
 ufed to afhrm the truth of a thing. '• LeC 
 your jy be <i>>" Matt. vi. 
 
 AYE, Adv. [a, and aa, Sax. alway ; an 
 ahvj, til aiiv'tn, and a:%u, Goth, for everj 
 generally ufed after for, and implies time 
 without end ; for ever; to-all eternity. 
 
 A'ZIMUTH, S. [Arab.] in Alhonomy, 
 an arch of the horizon intercepted betvv-ca 
 the meridian of a place, and any given ver- 
 tical line, in which the lun or ftar is 'ound. 
 Magiulkal azimuth, is an arch of tlie hori- 
 zon intercepted between the fun's azimuth 
 circle, and the magnetical meridian; or the 
 fun's apparent diftance from the N, or S, point 
 of the compafs, ./4z,imu!h ccmfjfs is an in- 
 ftrument ufed at fe3, for finding the fun's 
 m<igneiic.il azimuth. Az,lmuih circ'ts are 
 vertical circles, whicii cut each other at the 
 p:iles, inierfeit the horizon at right angles, 
 and are repreiented by the quadrant of altitud^^, 
 when Icrewed on the brazen meridian at li^ie 
 zenith of a place. 
 
 AZ.U'IIE, S. [azur, Fr. axxurro, Ital. 
 ax- 1, Spjn.] the blue colour of ih; sky. In 
 Heralcry, the name of the blue colour in aa 
 eicutcheoii of all below the degree of a baron, 
 called fapphire in that of a nobleman, and Ju- 
 piter in that of a fovereigh. 
 
 A'ZURE, Adj. [from the fubfcaniive] 
 that which is of a sky, or faint blue. 
 
 A'ZYGOS, S. in Anatomy, a vein which 
 empties itfelf intp the cava, is (ituated on the 
 right fide of the thorax, and is fo called, be- 
 caufe it has none to anfwer to, or pair it, on 
 the left, 
 
 AZY'MirS, S. [from a, t,vy.^., Gr.] 
 bread whicli has no ferment or leaven. 
 
 B. 
 
 The fecond letter of the Engli.li al^ 
 ^ phahet, and the firfi cor.fonant ; the 
 ■^ fit?c letter of the ancient Irifn, and 
 Abyflinian ; the ninth in the Ethiopic, and 
 the fixteenth in the Armeniaij. It is called 
 a Libia', from the rfisnni.r of pronouncing it, 
 which is by preffing the whole lenj,th of the 
 1 ps together, and fcrcing them open by a 
 flrong ^.reath. The fina'l letter feems to have 
 been borrowed from the Hhsnician q in 
 
 verted ^ and it is tifel! by the Spaniards very 
 commoniy for a v. Among the Romans it 
 
 flood for 500, v.ith a ftroke over it B, for 
 3C00, v.ifh -Ml accent below it, B, for soo ; 
 
 and among the Greeks and Hebrews for 2 on- 
 ly. It is ufed as an abbreviature for bachelofj, 
 B, A. bachelor of frts, or B. bifhop, as B. 
 Sherlock, biihop Sherlock. InJVtuhc, it is the 
 
 I mi.ldle lii:;e in the treble, and fecond line in 
 
 I the bafs. 
 
 I BA'A,
 
 BAG 
 
 BA'A, S. a found borrowed from, and ix- 
 freflive of, the Idening of a fliL^ep. 
 
 To BA'A, V. N. To bleat like a fiiecp. 
 To BA'BBLE, V.,N. [babelen, Eele. /-'- 
 f>i!e, Fr ] to prate like a child, without lenfe ; 
 to betray lecret? ; to t .Ik, without regard to 
 pl'.cc, or circumftantes. 
 
 BA'BBLE, S. [Mi/, Fr.] fenfelefs prat- 
 inp. 
 
 BA'BBLEMENT, S, See BABBLE. 
 BA'BBLER, S. [from k>b'>/e a.,.! er] one 
 who talks without any fund of fenfe, or 
 without proper ideas of the words he makes 
 tife of. 
 
 BABE, S. \/>at'..n, Brit, bahba'd, Bela:.] 
 a young child of either fex. Siometimes ip- 
 jjlied to one that can neither walk nor I'peak, 
 
 BA'BISH, Adj. [from babe and Ip, of ifc, 
 Sax.] that whicii reiembies tiie choice oi a 
 v^ry young child ; that which belongs to a 
 verv young child , childifh. 
 
 BABO'ON, S. {habou'i'r, Fr. babuino, Ital.] 
 in Natural Hiftory, one of the fpccies of mon- 
 keys of the largeft fize. 
 
 BA'BY, S. [See BABE] a yoi7ng child, 
 diftinguifted from babe, becauff that is ap- 
 plied to children who can both walk and fpeakj 
 but this to thofe who can do neither. 
 
 BACCHANA'iJA, S. in Antiquity, a 
 feaft celebrated in honour of Bacchus, and at- 
 tended with irregularities of condii£l, immo- 
 defty, intemperance, and debauchery. 
 
 BACCHANA'J.IAN, S. [from baccha^n- 
 Tio] one who attended the feaft of Bacchu'. 
 Figuratively, a riotous, drutiken perfoH. 
 
 BA'CCHANALS, S. Ibaccfjanalia, Lat.] 
 See BACCHANALIA, 
 
 BA'CCHIUS, .S. [from Eaccljtis'] in ancient 
 Poetry, a foot confiding of three lyllable?, 
 the firft of which is fliort, and the two laft 
 long 5 deriving its name from being ufed in 
 the hymns compofed in honour of Bacchus. 
 
 BACCl'f EROUS, Ai^i. [kaccifer, Lat.J in 
 Botany, fiich vegetables as bear berries, fefr. 
 
 EACCI'VOROUS, Adj. [from bacea, Lat. 
 a berry, and 'voro, Lat. to devour] that which 
 feeds on, or devours berries. 
 
 BA'CHELOR, S. [haccalaureut, Lat.] ap- 
 plied to a perfon who has never been married. 
 One vi'ho takfs the firft degrees in any pro- 
 feflion ; introduced by Pope Gregory IX. 
 Kni^h'i bachelors are the loweft degree of 
 knig)>ts, as tlieir title in French denotes, viz. 
 has chc'valkrs. 
 
 BA'CHELORSHIP, S. [from bachelor and 
 P^if\ the rtate of an unmarried man \ the ftate, 
 dignity, or office of a graduate, or bachelor, at 
 an univerfity. 
 
 BACK, S. [hnc, back. Sax. hack, 111.] in 
 Anatomy, the hind part of the human ftruc- 
 ture, from the neck to the thighs. Applied 
 to the hands, that part oppofite to the palms. 
 Applied to the array of an army, the rear. 
 Applied to fituation, the hind part, or that 
 vbitJi i« Hot in fight. Applied to any edge- 
 
 B A C 
 
 tool or infinimeot, the iliickefl part of fh'S- 
 blade, oppolt:d to the edge. A large fqnarC 
 trough or ciftern, ufed by brewers to hold li 
 quor in; which feems derived from backe, Iff. 
 a fhiire, or bok, Perf, Figuratively, a fupport* 
 er, or one who who will lecond another in aa 
 attempt. Uftd with the words turn and h':s, it: 
 im'|ilies abfence. " His /.ack was no foontr 
 turned, &c." Da-vics. 
 
 BACK, Adv. [en ^^c, or onhaeeking. Sax.] 
 applied to motion, to the place from whence 
 a perfon came. Applied to action, to retreat.. 
 Applied to time, that which is pafV. hhtr ket'p, 
 applied to the increale oi plants, to ftop of 
 hinder the growth. 
 
 To BACK, V. A. [from the noun] t» 
 mount a horfe ; to break him for the faddle ; 
 to make him go backwards by pulling the 
 reins. Figuraiiveiy, to fccoiid, fupport, or 
 affift. 
 
 To BA'CKBITE, V. A. \(,omhack and 
 bitc^ to fpeak againft a peifoii in his abfence. 
 BA'CKBITER, S. [from backhite wA er] 
 one who cenfures the conoucf, or vilifies the 
 adfion« of a perfon in his abfence. 
 
 BA'CK-UOOR, S, [Uom back zM door] a 
 
 door or p.iilage out of a lioufe behind, oppoled 
 
 to the front. Figuratively, a piivate palfage. 
 
 BA'CKED, Pa;t. [I torn bjck] having a 
 
 back. Forced to po go backwards. 
 
 BA'CK-FRlEND,S.[fromy^.;^and/f«r(^] 
 a falfe friend ; or I'ecret enemv. 
 
 BA'CK-GAM'MON, S, 'a game played 
 with dice and men on a board, or table, ve- 
 neered (or that purpofe. 
 
 BA'CK HOUSE, S. [from baching houft] 
 the building which lies behind a houfe. 
 
 BA'CKSIDE, S. [from back and fide] the 
 hinder j;art of anything. Applied, with de- 
 cency, to the pofteiiors of a human creature, 
 as not conveying fo coarfe an idea, as the pro- 
 per term. Figuratively, a yard or ground be- 
 hind a houfe. 
 
 To BA'CKSLIDE, V. N. [from back and 
 JJ'de} in Divinity, to return to idolatry, alter 
 having quitted it ; to apoftatize j to quit the 
 true mode of vvorfliip. 
 
 BA'CKSLIDER, S. [from iackjlidt and 
 er] one who quits cbe true religion, in order 
 to embrace a falfe one ; an apoftate. 
 
 B AC'K-STAIRS, S. [from back andy?<j;r.i] 
 the private flairs of a houfe, generally appro- 
 priated to the ufe of fervants. 
 
 BA'CIC STAYS, S. [from back andy?^ys] 
 in Ship-btiilding, the ropes belonging to the 
 main and fore mafls, whicli keep them trom 
 pitching overboard, 
 
 BA'CK -SWORD.S. [from iar^and/worif J 
 a fword with only one fharp edge, and blunC 
 back. Ufed figuratively, for a cudgfl, or the 
 art of difending one's fclf with a cudgel. 
 
 BA'CKWARD,orBA'CKV/ARDS,Adr. 
 [i'Tom back, Sax. and "tvearH, Sax.] applied to 
 m )ti<)n, it fignifies the going from a peifort 
 with the face towards him, the legs being mo- 
 ved
 
 BAG 
 
 ve^ towards the hind, inftead of the fore part 
 of a perfon ; towards the back, or behind 
 upon the back. " Backiuards and forwards." 
 Ne'uiton. Applied to tlie fuccefs of an under- 
 taking, it ii.iplies, not \o profper or advance ; 
 to want fuccefs. 
 
 BA'CKWARDjAdj unwilling, in allufion 
 to making advances; anticipating or meeting 
 a perfon's wifhes; reluftant ; flow. " The 
 hackivard learner." South, 
 
 BA'CKWARD, S. applied to time, fome 
 period that is pail j or a portion of time already 
 paft. 
 
 BA'CKWARDLY, Adv. [from hackward 
 and /y] applied to the motion whereby a per- 
 fon retreats or goes from another with his face 
 towards him; in a perverfe, unwilling man- 
 ner; reluctantly. 
 
 BA'CKV/ARDNESS, [from hackivard, 
 and wir/sj that quality which proceeds from a 
 diflike of the meafures a perfon is to put in 
 praftice, the undertaking he is to accomplifli, 
 or the perfon he is to oblige, including the 
 idea of flownefs. 
 
 BA'CON, S. [from haeancn, Brit] the 
 flefh of a hog faked and dried, having the 
 briOies burnt with ftraw. To fave one's hacon, 
 is a low phrafe for preferving one's felf from 
 liKrt or mifchief. 
 
 BA'CON [Francis] the glory and orna- 
 ment of his age and nation, was fon of SirNi - 
 cholas Bacon, lord keeper ot the great feal,and 
 of Ann, daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, tutot 
 to Edward VI. He v;as born at York-houfe, 
 in 1561, and gave fuch early proofs of an ex- 
 traordinary genius, that his converfation was 
 courted by perfons of the higheft rank, when a 
 boy; and fo much was queen Elizabeth charm- 
 ed with the folidity of his {trSz, that fhe would 
 often call him \ii.x young lord keeper. Her ma- 
 jefty once aflcing him how old he was, he re- 
 turned this witty and complimentary anlwer, 
 that be nvas tivo years yourger than her Kajefty^i 
 happy reign. On his return from the univer 
 fity, hir ^n'her fent him to France, to improve 
 under that honeft and able minifter Sir Amias 
 Paulet, ambalfador at Paris. Here he fo gained 
 the coaiidence of that minifter as to be Tent by 
 him on a commiflion of great importance to the 
 <5ueen, which he executed with lo much judg- 
 ment, as procured to himfelf, and the arrbafi'a- 
 dor, great credit. At nineteen years of age, 
 he wrote a fuccinfl viewof theflate of Europe 
 at that time. His father dying while he was 
 abroad, and leaving him but a very flender for- 
 tune, he applied himfelf to the ftudy of the 
 Jaw,and for that purpofe entered himfelf in the 
 fociety of Gray's-Inn ; but not confining him- 
 felf entirely to law, but indulging his extenfive 
 genius to a free contemplation of the whole 
 circle of fcience, he framed the plan of that 
 great philofophical work, which will not only 
 reader him immortal, but do honour 10 his 
 rounuy. After difcharging the office of reader 
 •J Gra)f"s-ln.i, in jjSS, in the a^th \ear of 
 
 BAG 
 
 h's age, the queen appoineed him hercounfal 
 learned in the law extraordinary. He wrote fe- 
 vcral treatifes on law fubjeifls; in all which he 
 gave evident proofs of his great abilitiesi He 
 likewife diflinguifhed himlelf in the houfe of 
 commons, where his fentiments were fo ap- 
 proved, that tho' he generally fpoke on the fide 
 of the cuurt, he was always looked upon as a 
 Iriend to the people. After the dcceafe of the 
 queen, he compofed a memorial of the happi- 
 nefs ot her reign, which did equal honour t<j 
 hel-adriiiniftrarjon, and the capacity of itc au- 
 thor. He applied very early to her fucctifor 
 K.James I. wiih a tender of his fervice, which 
 was kindly received. On the ;3d of July, 
 1603, he was introduced to theking atWnite- 
 hall, and received the henour of knighthood. 
 In 1604, he conftituted him, by patent, one of 
 his counfel learned in the law, with a fee 0/40!. 
 a year. He granted him likewife a penfion of 
 60I. a year, for fpecial fervices received from 
 his broilier and himfelf. In 1605, he pub- 
 lilhed the firft fpecimen of his great work, in 
 his book of tLc Adijjincement of Learning. The 
 king employed him to prevail with the parlia- 
 ment to agree to an union, between the two 
 kingdoms,and he laboured this pomt with great 
 diligence but without efr'eft. He married 
 Alice, daughter of Bcnedift Barnham, Efq, 
 an ald<rman of London, with an ample for- 
 tune, but he never had any children by her. 
 Soon after, he was appointeri folicitor. In this 
 ftation, he was very lerviceable in expediting 
 matters in parliament,agreeable to his mafter's 
 defire. Amidft fo many arduous affair? oi ftate, 
 he found leifure to prosecute iiis philofophic 
 iludies, and in fome meafure digefted the plan 
 of his great work, which he tranfmitted to his 
 friends, in order to have their free fentiments 
 upon the fubjedl, by which means he was ena- 
 bled to finilh thofe parts of his Injiawation to 
 fo high a degree of perfection. He publilhed 
 in 1 6 10, his celebrated treatife oftbiV/^jdomof 
 the Antienti, in which he {hewed that none had 
 ftudiedthemmoreclofely, was better acquainted 
 with ihirir beautie.^, or had pierced deeper intu 
 their meaning. In 1 61 1, he procured the 
 office of judge of the marfhal's court", jointly 
 with Sir Thomas Vavafor. On SirHenry Ho- 
 hart's being made chief juliice of the Common 
 Pleas,Sir Francis fucceeded him in his piace of 
 atrorney-general, in 1613. His credit at this 
 time wis fo great with tlie king, that his nia- 
 jefty depended chiefly on his integrity and abili- 
 ties in the mofi difHcuh affairs of Hate, par- 
 ticularly in healing the breich between the twa 
 courts ot King's Bench and Chanceiy, which, 
 by the haughtinels of lord chiel juftice Coke, 
 had bcengrcatly widened, Atterhe had occupied 
 fhisofHce three years, he was advanced to that 
 of lord keeper of the grfat leal, in the room oi 
 chancellor Egcrton. In the year 161S, Sir 
 Francis had the title given him of lord high 
 chancellor of England, and in the fame year 
 he was created baton of Vctulam. Tho"he.hai 
 
 I i now ' 
 
 '^
 
 BAG 
 
 new bufinefs fufl-.cicni to engrofs tlifi gve.atefl; 
 pari oi'' liis timr, he did not negleft his piiilo- 
 ir,:phic ftudies j for in j6io, he feiit his mafter 
 the moft peifedl and important work that ever 
 fell from his per>, his No-vum Oigavtm!' Soon 
 Kfrcr, his lordfhip was raifed to the oi^ iiiiy u* a 
 vikouiir, by the flyle and titl^f v.icount St. 
 Albans in the cftonty of Hertford, lie was 
 now arrived at the higneft honours, when ie- 
 veral complaints hi- tnibery and corruption a- 
 gainft him v.'ere laid before the parliarnent, and 
 thfv being fupponed by evidence, as well as 
 by his own confefRon and fucmifiion, he was 
 fined 40,oooj, ijjiprifoned in the Tower, du- 
 ring the icing's pleafure, rendered incapable ot 
 lioliling any employment in the ilate, of ever 
 fi'.ting in parliament, cr coming within the 
 verge of the court. Thus fell this great man 
 from the veryfummit of dignityand honour,and 
 in his fail had nothing left him but his bare 
 titles, which were faved by the tendernefs of 
 the biihops. After a (hort confinement in thi; 
 Tov/er, he was diltharued, and foon after had 
 other inJulgencies granted him by the king, 
 >vho at length figned a warrant for his pardon, 
 ,Thefe favours Tetiling the mind, .-snd raifing 
 the fpirits of his.lordfhip, he applied himfelf 
 again to his ftudies v.-.;h vigour, and the next 
 year pubiiihed hiJ U'fiory of king Henry VII. 
 Kowever, his debts bore fiard upon him; for 
 though he had a penlion irom the crown of 
 1200I. a yezr; his grant from the alienation 
 office w<:s 600 1. a year; and his own eftate 
 7C0I. j-er annum 'y his debts amour.ted to 
 5CjOCC>l. which v/as a load enough to deprefs 
 £im. He did,.->othov. ever fuft'er his misfortunes 
 cr difappoihtments to hurry his thoughts to the 
 prcjudiceof his fiudies. An inftance of which 
 will always do honour to hii memory, reported 
 by Dr. Rawley, One day his loidihip was 
 dictating to that doftor fome of his expeii- 
 rncnts in his SyU'a, and the fame i^^ he had 
 fenc a fr'cnd to court, to receive for him a 
 final anfwer, toucliing the efledl of a grant 
 ^hich had been made hiiA by king James. 
 His friend returning, told him plainly, that 
 he mull thenceforth defpsir of that grant, 
 how much foever his fortune needed it. Bt 
 it fo, faid his lordfhip, and then difmifled his 
 friend very cheari'ully j and coming directly 
 to Dr. Rawley, faid to him, ?/^/4 '■''"'» jO'"' 
 tt/jintfi ivont ^0 c^!, Itt ut go on with this in 
 mr pTjiver ; apd th.en didlated to hirn afreili 
 fcr fome hours, without any diicernible inter- 
 ruption of thought. A new pailiims.a bsing 
 called in 1613^ he employed his ;.rjri in poli- 
 ticnj fubjc£t'=, ;■! much to ths fatisfactic-a of 
 the kinf, thst he granted hi:r. a (xtc paidon, 
 which was ona of the Joft a€f.-' of his govern- 
 cnent ; in virtue of which. Lis lord.liip was 
 fummoned the kcond parliament in the 
 next reign, though his infirmities would not 
 permit him to attend. Being fenfible his end 
 drew r.:i.h, he ;re;;ared himfcif for it. By hi.s 
 viAlf he conuniueu fcveral of his Latia anU 
 
 # BAD 
 
 nhilofoDhical compofitions to the care of Sir 
 William Bofwel, his niajefty's agent in Hol- 
 land, where they were afterwards pubiiihed by 
 Gruter. His orations and letters he commend- 
 ed, the rirA to Sir Humphrey May, chancellor 
 of the cutchy ; and to the billiop of Lincoln, 
 the letters, to be preferved. By this judicious 
 care, moft of his papers have been handed 
 down to pofterity, and coIle£\ed into volumes. 
 The fevere winter, which followed the infec- 
 tious fummer of 1625, brought him very lowj 
 but the fpring reviving his fptrits, he made 
 a little excurfion into the country, in order 
 to try fome experiments in Natural Philo- 
 fophy. Being taken iill on the way, he was 
 obliged to flay at the earl of Arundel's at 
 Highgate, about a week, and there expired, 
 on the 9th of April, 1626, in the 66th year 
 of his age, and was privately buried in the 
 chapel oi St. Michael's church, within the 
 piovince of Old Vetulam. 
 
 BACL'LE, S. [fr.j in Fortification, a 
 kind of portculhf, or gate, made like a pit- 
 fall, wijh a counterpoife, fupported by two 
 flakes, placed before the corps du guarde, ad- 
 vanced near the gite, 
 
 BACULO'METRY,' S.;theart of mea- 
 furing acceilible or inacceffible heights, by 
 means of fiaves or rod?. 
 
 BAD, Adj. a relative term. Confined to 
 natural agents, that which lefiens or deft:roy» 
 the happinefs of ourfelves or others. Applied 
 to moral agents,. that which they voluntary 
 perform, in order to leden or deftroy theif 
 own happinefsj or that of others. Applied to 
 perfons, o.ne who- habitually tranfgrefl'es the 
 laws ot d'jiy prellribed by the Deity. Applied 
 to a£lions, that which is performed contrary 
 to any moral law. Applied to things, that 
 v'hicliis prejudicial to our health, happinefs, 
 
 BAD, or BADE, is the prefer tenfe of tid, 
 in imitation ol bad, at bad, the preter of b\d- 
 datiy Sax. or Lath, the preter of b'ldgan. Goth. 
 
 BADGE, S. [from bad. Sax. a token, or 
 biig-Mg, Arm. a markj a mark worn by a 
 pcrfon to denote his dignity, profefiion, trade, 
 rmk, C^f. 
 
 To BADGE, V. A. \bad\an, Sax.] to ^eX. 
 a mark on 3 perfon J to ftjgraatize. "Their 
 hands and faces were all badgcd with blood."' 
 
 BA'DGER, S. [%■«/»!, Lat.] in Law, 
 one who is licenfed to buy corn in orie place, 
 fell it at another, and is exempted from the 
 f unilhment of an engrofier, by 6 Ed. VL 
 
 BA'DGER, S. IbcJoiir, fr. or bader, 
 Teut.j in Natural Hiftory, a wild four-fooled 
 bsaft, fomewhat larger ih;n a fox, and re- 
 Icrn'iling a hog and i og. I: dwells in burrows, 
 lives on infe£t?, cani^jn, .inc .^rult, ftinks very 
 much, fattens by llecping, and fliews its age 
 by the number of-hn'es in its tail, one being 
 added every year. 
 
 BA'DiY, Adv. .['r.w hd and /y] not 
 agreeable
 
 B A I 
 
 fgreeatle to a perfon's wiflies ; in a manner 
 'neon fi {lent with/a perfon's undertakings. Ap- 
 plied to health, fickly. Applied to the exe- 
 cution of any thing, not fuitable to the ideas 
 of tart", plepance, or proportion. 
 
 BA'DNESS, S. [Irom bad and w/s] a 
 quality wliich denotes a perfon habitually to 
 tranfgrtfs agdnft the laws of his nature. 
 Appiiici to things, it denotes that they are 
 inconfiftent with the good, eafe, or pleaiure of 
 rational '-.r irrational beings. Applied to roads, 
 \t (ignifies (hat they cannot be travelled with 
 eafe or pieafure. Applied to weather, it de- 
 notes a want ol ferenity, cahnnels orfunftiine. 
 Applied to health, that it is iniirm, and in- 
 teiiuptcd with ficknefs. 
 
 To BA'fFLE, V. A. [haff.f, Fr.] to ren- 
 der the csre of another infig ificant, to fruf- 
 trate tl-'e intentions of anot.ner. 
 
 BA'f FLER, S, [from bnfie and er] the 
 perfon or thing, wliich defeats, or renaers 
 any defign abortive. 
 
 BAG, S. [t'rom ba^ge, Ifl.] in its primary 
 fenfe, a receptacle made of linen, f:lk, or 
 leather, to contain any thing, in the fhapeof 
 a long fquare when empty, and open oaly at 
 ©.■^e of iis ends, whicii is called the mouth. 
 Likewife a kind of fmallar bag, maje of black' 
 fiik, worn by g-^ntlemen over the hind locks of 
 their hair, or perukes, as an ornament. In 
 Natural Hillory, the thin membrane, or cyftis, 
 containing the poifon of vipers, which they 
 lay out of their mouths, when ealing their food; 
 that which contains the honey in bi:es, Gfc. In 
 Commerce, i C. wt. oiF alrrioiids ; from zto 4 
 of annifced ; itom i -i-half to 3 C. pepper j 
 from z to 4 of goats hi\r, arid trom 2 i-4th 
 to 4 i-4th C. of cotton yarn, &€. 
 
 To Bag, V. A. [See the noun] to put 
 into a bag j to load with a bag. '~ nafgd up 
 hot." Moit, " Baggd\n a blue cloud." Dryd. 
 *' Baggd with liis honey'd venom." D>yd. 
 Ufed neuteriy, to fwell fo as to refemble a 
 full bag. 
 
 BAGATE'LLE, S. [Fr.] a thing of no 
 confcquence ; a tiifle ; a toy. 
 
 BA'GGAGE, S. [Fr. ballo, Jtal.] the 
 utenfils of an army, fo called from theirjbeing 
 packeJ up in bags. Bag and baggage, a low 
 phrafe, to fignify all a perfon's goods ; a wo- 
 man of no charafter; a prollitute. 
 
 BA'GNIO, S. [from bagnn, Iial.] a houfe 
 for baihing, cupping, fweating, ^nd fwimming. 
 BAG Pli-'E, S. [from bjg and ;>!>(•] in Mu- 
 fic, a w;nu i.'iOrumentmuch ufed in the north. 
 BAGUE'TIE, S. [Fr. a diminutive of 
 hague, Fr, a jt^wclj in Archiredtme, a little 
 round moulding lefs than an afiragal, 
 
 BAIL, S, [from baillcr, Fr.J the aft of 
 freeing, or fetting a perfon at libevy wlio is 
 a; refted or imptifoned for an si£l civil or criini 
 
 B A L 
 
 calJet!, becaufeany fecuritiet are taken. 5/>#- 
 cw//?'ii/7is in caufes of greater weight, as debts 
 amounting to 10 1. where tho fiireties '.Tiuft be 
 fubfidy men, snfwerableto the value. 
 
 To BAIL, V. A. [See the noun] to de- 
 liver a perfon from artefl', or imprifonment, 
 by being furety for his appearance at a ccrtaia 
 day ; to admit to bail. 
 
 BA'iLABLE, Adj. [from ba'xl ini ablel 
 that which the law permits to be let at liber- 
 ty on proper furcties. 
 
 B VILIFF, S. [haUte, Fr.] in Law, an 
 officer who is empowered to execute writs, 
 arreft or take a perfon into cuftody ; one who 
 manages a perfon's eftates in the country, and 
 is a kind ot under-fteward. 
 
 BAl'LIWiC, S. [from ^ai7/;e and w;V, Sax. 
 a village or difiridlj the place or jurifdidion 
 of a bailift', within his hunared, or the 
 lord's iranchife 
 
 To BAIT. V. A. [batan. Sax. baltxcn, 
 Teur.] to put meat on a hook, &c. in ordjr to 
 caich fifh or other animals ; to re'rcfa cni-'s 
 felf or cattle by ealing on a journey j toatta.k 
 with violence ; to fcl dogs upon. 
 
 BAIT, S. [baitxe, Teut.] a piece of fiefh, 
 or.ot.her lure, made ufe of to catch fifh, oren- 
 fnare animals. Figuratively, an allurement, or 
 enticement; any thing which, under a Ipecioua 
 appearance, contains mifchief initfeU, or pro- 
 duces it by its confequences. A refrrfliment 
 on a journey, generally applied to cattle. 
 
 B.A1ZE, S. [baey, Belg." bay, Teut. haietta, 
 Ital.] a coaife open woollen cloth, with or 
 without a frize, without a wale, and wrought 
 like flannel, in a loom with two treddles. 
 
 To Bake, v. a. to drefs or heat any- 
 thing in an oven. Figuratively, to hardea 
 with heat. 
 
 BA'KE-HOUSE, S. \Jromhakc and Z.o.v>] 
 a place where bread is made, rendered eatable 
 by the heat of an oven, and expofed to fale ; 
 and where other meat or paftry is drefTed. 
 
 BA'KER, S. one who fubfifts by making 
 bread and baking. This trade is both very 
 ancient and ufeful, and was a brotherhood iti 
 England before 1155, in the reiga of Hen. II. 
 The white bakers were incorporated in 1307 
 by Edw. Ii. and the brown in i6zi, in 
 Jam. ll's time. 
 
 BA'L.'iNCF., S. [Fr. hhnx, Lat.] in Me- 
 chanics, one of the lix fimple powers, ufed tor 
 finding the quality or difl'cience of weights irt 
 heavy bodies. Figuratively, tlie aft ot com- 
 paring two ideas in {he mind. In Commerce, 
 the fum which one fide of an acco.inci-arrer.t 
 wants of being pqual to the other. In a po- 
 litical fenfe, that pitch of power wh'ch is 
 necellary to keep between flat-s, in order to 
 prevent ei'iu-r from acquiring univcrfal mo- 
 narchy. In Trade, the tquahUDf imporiing 
 
 nal, under f.'turity taken for his f.ppcarance ; Ifofeigi commojities, witn tnc exporting of 
 likewife the perfon who gives' fuch fecurity, nativa ones; and when one nation exports lefs 
 Ba'ilh either common or fpecial, Cowwj;;] than it impons, then the bUmce ot tradoi 
 ball is in adtions of ftnall coiicein, and is la faid to be agaiull: it, and luu'.l be paid in I ul- 
 
 1 y Itoiu
 
 B A L 
 
 lien. In Watch or Clock-work, that pait 
 which regulates the beats. Jn Aftronomy, 
 the fv^n called Libra. Ilydioji^tioil balonce is 
 an inHrunient which deiermines the Jpecific 
 gravity of fluids and folids, by weighing them 
 in water. 
 
 To B.V-LANCE, V. A. {balawr, Fr..] 
 to wtigh in a pair of fcales ; to bring two 
 bodies to an eqiiipoife in a pair of fcales. In 
 Mercantile afTaiis, the making the creditor 
 and debtor fide of an account, equal by the 
 addition of as much as the one is lefs than the 
 ether. Figuratively, to atone for former fail- 1 a ridge ef land left unplowed, between two 
 
 B A L 
 
 tivcly by fdilors, for laving water oij^ of a vef^ 
 fel, iiiftead of pumping. 
 
 DA'I.EFUL, Adj. [from hale and fulf] full 
 of sngufli, pain, mifcty, mifchief, and grief j 
 very fatal, or de!iru£\ive to the health. 
 
 BA'LEFULLY, Adv. [ixom bahfuUrA /y] 
 in fuch a manner as produces iorrow, angiiifhj 
 calamity, and ficknefs, 
 
 BALK, S. {balk, Belg. and Teut. /.^/cs, 
 lial.J a large piece of timber ; a beam ; a 
 rafter or pole over any out-houfc: or barn. 
 
 BALK, S. [from lalicdie] in Hiifl:)andry, 
 
 irags by one's future conduit 5 to be in a fldte 
 of fufpenfion. The feeming equality of oppo- 
 fite motives, applied to the mind, 
 
 BA'LANCE-MASTER, S. [itom balance 
 
 furrows, or at the end of a field. Figuratively, 
 the difappointment of a perfoa's curiofity, or 
 expeiElations, after having excited them. 
 To BALK, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 
 and majlerj one, who from his knowledge of difanpojiit a pjrfon's expeftations, after excit- 
 the centers of gravity and motion in bodies, 1 ing them ; to render a perfon's endeavour^ 
 entertains the vulgar with feveral feats of ba- ineiieflual ; to fmftrate; to mifs j to omit. 
 
 lancing bodies in different fituaiions 
 
 BA/LANCER, S. [from ha/ame and er] 
 tlie perfon wiio weighs any thing, or makes 
 weights iu oppofite fcales. 
 
 BALCONY, S. [balcon, Fr.] in Archi- 
 tefture, a projeflure beyond a wall or buiKlinc, 
 generally before a window, fupported by pil 
 Jars or confoles, and furrounded by bannifters, 
 or balluftrades. 
 
 BALD, Adj. [bal, Brit.] that which hat)) 
 lofl: its hah. Figuratively, applied to trees, 
 ftripped of their leaves. Applied to ftile in 
 writing, unadorned ; void of elegance. 
 
 BA'LDACHIN, S. [balduchwo, Ital.] in 
 Archite<fture, a canopy fupported with co- 
 lumns, and ferving as a crown or covering to 
 an altar. 
 
 BA'LDERDASH.S, any thing jumbled to- 
 gether without tafte, judgment, or difcretion. 
 BA'LDLY, Adv. [from bald and ly] with- 
 out hairs, applied 10 nnimals ; without leaves, 
 applied to trees ; without ornaments, or ele- 
 gance, applied to writings, or buildings. 
 
 BAL'DNESS, S. [from <^flA/ and ^/f/i] ap- 
 plied to animals, the warit or lofs of hair ; 
 applied to trees, lofs of leaves ; and applied 
 to writings, paintings, and buildings, want of 
 ornament or elegance. 
 
 BA'LDRICH, S. [from bale, and riV,'Sax.] 
 a belt, worn hanging from the fhould^'r acrnfs 
 the breaft, on which the Iword was formerly 
 hung, not unlike that worn by our foldiery at 
 prefent, to which they fallen their pouches. 
 Figuratively, the zodiac circle, which cuts the 
 globe obliquely, as the belt formerly was fuf- 
 pendcd. 
 
 BALE, S. [balli, Fr. bale, Teut. and Belg.] 
 a quantity of goods or commodities, packed in 
 cloth, corded round very tight. Bale goods ate 
 fuch as are exported in bales. 
 
 BALE, S. [from bala^^arr, Go'h,] fome- 
 thing which deprives a perfon of happineis, 
 or health ; milery. r.r guilTi, calamity. 
 
 To BALE, V. :,. fenbeller, Fr. en.laUare, 
 Ital. J to pack goods up in a bale. Ui'ed ac- 
 
 whei) the contrary is expefted. 
 
 BA'LKERS, S. in Fifhery, perfons whq 
 fldnd on a cliff to inform the fifhermen which 
 way th- fhoal of herrings goes. 
 
 BALL, S. any thing of a round form. Ball 
 atidfocket, in Mechanics, confiRs of a ball or 
 Iphere of brafs, fixed in a concave femi-globe 
 with an end lefs fcrew, that it mjy be moveable 
 horizontally, vertically, and obliquely, and is 
 generally added to furveying inftruments, to 
 fix them in any pofition. 
 
 BALL, S. {ball, Fr. from bailer, to dance] 
 an entertainment wherein people are aflem- 
 bled to dance. The puilic dances wherein 
 mafters difplay the abilities of their fcholars in 
 this qualific.ition, go by this name. 
 
 BA'LLAD, S. [balade,, Fr. balatta, Ital.] 
 words fet tomufic, and performed by a finger, 
 Atprefent the word is appropriated and con- 
 fined to trifling pieces fet to mufic, and fung 
 about the' (Ireets. 
 
 To BA'LLAD, V. N. to make a perfon 
 the fubieit of a ballad. 
 
 BALLAD SINGER, S, [from ballad AnA 
 fi/iger] one who fings ballads in the public 
 ftreets ; including the fccondaiy idea of lomic- 
 thini^ very mean. 
 
 BA'LLAST, S. [behlejiin. Sax. ballaj}, 
 Belg. and Teut.] a quantity of ftones, fand or 
 gravel, laid in a ihip's hold, to fink it to a 
 proper depth, i. e. to make it draw more wa- 
 ter, or fail upright, and to prevent its over- 
 fetting ; and a ihip is faid to be in ballafi, 
 when it has no other lading. Figurative- 
 ly, that which is ufed to keep any thing 
 ileady. 
 
 To BA'LLA.ST, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to lade a fhip with ftones, fand, CSfc to keep 
 her fleady. Figuratively, the addition of fom»- 
 thing to keep a thin? (leady. 
 
 B.A'LLETTE, S. [Fr. a diminutive of /'<3';'j 
 a ftage dance, which is mixed with dramatic 
 ch. ratleis, and alludes to fome alliens in real 
 life, or fibulous hilfrjry. 
 
 B.VLLIAGE, S. a I'mall duty paid to the 
 
 city
 
 B A L 
 
 clttf of London by aliens and den'zer.s, for 
 cenain comrDodities exported bv ihem. 
 
 JBA'LLON, or BALLO'ON,S. [LaHon, Fr.] 
 in Chemiihy, a la'ge, iTiO' t-necke.l, round 
 veiTel, orrnacrals, to receive the Ipirits which 
 corr.e over, or are >!ravvn otf by fire. In Archi- 
 teflure, a ball or globe on the top of a pillar, 
 &c. by way ot acrowniryg. In Fii-e- works, a 
 ball of pafteboard, filled with combuftiblcs. 
 ■which mounts to a confiderable heigiit, and 
 burfts into ftars. 
 
 BA'LLOT, S. [baUotte, Fr.] a little ball 
 made ufe of at eleftions, (S'c, in giving votes ; 
 the fum of votes fo colle£ted. At prefent ap- 
 plied to the votes which are gi ven at eleftions, 
 by each perlon's holding up his hand j forne- 
 times by a ticket dropped into fonie receptacle. 
 To BA./LLOT, V. N. [boUmter, Fr.] to 
 phoofe, by dropping a Imall ball into a box ; to 
 choofe cr eleft, by dropping in a ticket 3 to 
 «le£V, by holding up the hand. 
 
 BALLOTA'TION, S. [from halLt'] the 
 aft of voting or elefting by ballot, 
 
 BALLOTING, S. [from ballot'] a method 
 of voting for, or elefting a perft»n into an 
 office. 
 
 BALM, S. [bausne, Fr.] any valuable, or 
 fragrant ointment. Figuratively, any thing 
 that blunts, fooths, or lelfens pain. In Bo- 
 tany, a fpecies of mint, called r.:tl'ijj'a. In 
 Pharmacy, an oily refinous fubilance. See 
 JiALSAM. 
 
 To BaLM, V. A, ["from the noun] to 
 anoint. Figuratively, to Iclien, or t'xith piin. 
 B.\XMY, Adj. [from /-j/wj thit which 
 has the qualities of balm ; that which iooths, 
 lelfens, or mitigates pain. " Tir'd nature's 
 .fjft reftorer, balmy fliep." Ycurg''s I^'is;ht 
 yhoughts. Fragrant, fwcet-fcented. " O 
 hahr.y breath !" Othello. 
 
 BA'LSAM, S. [inlj'um, Lat.] in Phar- 
 macy, an oily, refinous, fragrant hibftance, 
 oofing from incifuns in certain plants 5 to 
 which the ancients always appraprint'd ihe 
 Idea of fomething very ferviceable to tht; ani- 
 mal frame, llalfam or balm of Gilead, ilfues 
 from an incifion made in a tree, called balja- 
 miini, in Judea. The bah?: or baliam of Mecca, 
 is a dry while gum which didils from a tree 
 that grows between Medina and M<^cca, re- 
 femMing the turpentine tree. Balf.imof Peru, 
 apaij, cr capivi, comes frotn Peru, Gu ana, 
 and the Levant j the hft of which is the beft, 
 and is much ufed in gonorrheas, obftruftions 
 in the urciers, gravel, feft. but too hot for fome 
 jconrtitutions. Balfam of 'Tolu, drops by in- 
 cifion from trees which grow in Spjin. 
 
 BALSA'MIC, or BALSAMICAL, Adj. 
 in Pharmacy, that which has the virtues ot 
 balfam J being like it with refpeft to its 
 confiftence, its mild, reflorative, and healing 
 qualities. 
 
 Baltic Sra, [in Latin Mare Vahkum.] 
 It is properly 3 l.irgc bay 01 »; , German ocean, 
 between Denmarkj Gerz^a;.y, Pfuflia, Cour- 
 
 BAN 
 
 land, Rv.llla, and Sweden. The Germaa 
 name of Oft-fea, or Eafl-fea, feems to have 
 been given it by the Dutch, it lying to the 
 E. of Holland. In the Baltic is neither eb'r) 
 nor flow J yet it is oblcrved, that the natural 
 current of its waters goes towards the Sound ; 
 but this may be hindered by a N, W. wind of 
 any long continuance, which alo drive? large 
 volumes of water into the Baltic out of the 
 German ocean ; whence the obfervable rifing 
 of the waters is caufed in its harbours. When 
 the N. wind blows, the water of this fea, 
 which is otherwife fait, becomes pretty frefh, 
 and in fome meafure may be ufed for culi- 
 nary purpofes ; but in general it is not very 
 fait, on account of the great number of rivers 
 that fall into it. The greateft depth of water 
 in the Baltic hardly exceeds fifty fathoms. 
 The fiihery in the Baltic is confiderable ; 
 particularly that of the ftreamer-fifti, thebeft 
 fort of which is called WafHuck. In winter, 
 the Baltic is commonly frozen for three or 
 four months ; by which its navigation is in- 
 terrupted all that time. 
 
 BA'LUSTER, S. [from balufrg, Fr.] ia 
 Archicefture, a fmall column, or pilaller, frcin 
 I 3-4ths of an inch, to four inches fquare, or 
 diameter, fometimes adorned with mouldings 
 of no certain form, and placed with lails 
 on ftairs, and in the fronts of galleries in 
 churches. 
 
 BALLUSTRA'DE, S. [from balufer] in 
 Architefture, an alfemblagc of onje or more 
 rows of balufters high enough to reft the el- 
 bow on, fixed on a terras, bridge, or building, 
 by way of fecurity, or for feparating one pare 
 from another. 
 
 BAMBO'O, S. [bar^iou, Ind.] in Natural 
 fliftory, a large kind of reed or cane, grow- 
 ing in the maritime parts of the Eaft-Inriies. 
 To BAMBOOZLE, V. A. to tnck, or 
 impofe on a perl'on, under the appearance ot 
 a friend; to confound, unler pretence of alliit- 
 ing. A word of low and ludicrous ufe, and 
 never fou:id in polite wiiters. 
 
 BAMBOO'ZLER, S. [trombanibynzlesind 
 fr] one who, under fpecious pretences, tricks 
 another; a cheat; a fharper. 
 
 BAN, S. in its primary fignification, any 
 thing pub)icly proclaimed, commanded, or 
 forbidden. In Church Government, a procla- 
 mation of the intention of two parties to cntei- 
 ir.ta matrimony, which is done thrice in the 
 church they belong to, befoie the marriage 
 ceremony can be performed ; a curfe, or ex- 
 communication. The bat; of the empire, is a 
 public aft or proclamation, whereby < perfon 
 is fufpended of all his rights as a member or 
 eleftor. 
 
 To BAN, V. A. [ba'iren, Bclg. to curfc] 
 to curie or devote to deftruftion ; to execrate. 
 Band, S. th^t which ties, or keeps a per- 
 fon to a certain plice, without liberty of going 
 firthcr; that by which a perfon or animal is 
 kept from exerting their natural flrength ; the 
 1 4 izmc
 
 BAN 
 
 fame 15 a bond. Figuratively, thit which, has 
 the power of knittinp a clois alliance or con- 
 nexion between perlons ; a company of per- 
 fons io united ; thit which is bound round a 
 perfon or thing, applied to cirefs ; particularly 
 a linen neckcloth, connfting of two fquare 
 leaves hanging rio«n from the cliiii to the 
 treaft, wora by clergymen, and lawyers. Jn 
 Architecture, any flat, low member, or mould- 
 ing, otherwife ti rmed zface, iromfajciij, Lr.t. 
 In Surgery, a fillet, or piece of cloth, to fur 
 round or fwa*h certain parts that need aihd- 
 ance ; called likewife a /o/Zi;'-. 
 
 ToBA'ND, V. A. [fee the noun] to unite 
 together by foms common tic ; to cos'er or 
 bind with fome narrow cit.th, nllet, or band. 
 
 BA'NDAGE, S. [Fr.] in Surgery, the 
 aft of applying bands or rolkrsj pioperly, a 
 piece of iinen cloth or fillet, fuitxble to the 
 p irt it is to be applied to, and ihould be made 
 of iinen that is worn, for tear of tretting the 
 part, or making it uneaiy. 
 
 BA'OTJALEER, [from tarJ, Goth.] a 
 large -leathern belt thrown over the right 
 ihouiiier, and hanging down under the left 
 arm ; ufed formerly by the foot to carry their 
 mufkets, and at prefent by the French horfe to 
 carry their carbines. 
 
 BA'NDBOX, S. [from hand and hox] a 
 li{:ht box made of paftebcarJ, def:gned foi 
 keeping bands, ribbands, heao-dreffcs, and 
 Other lijzht and fmall pieces ot diefs in. 
 
 BA'NDF-LET, S. [:rom bandekne, Fr.] 
 in Architedure, any little band or flat moulj- 
 ing, like that which crowns the Doric archi- 
 trave. 
 
 BA'NDEROL, S. [Fr. handaniolla, Ital.J 
 a little n..e, in form of a guidon, extended 
 more in length than breadih, and ioimcily 
 hung out at the top of veHcl?. 
 
 BaND'DITTO, S [Ital. thepluraUi?;;- 
 rf;Vf;] a fet of outlawed thieves on the conti- 
 nent, who generally herd together in woods, 
 and live on the plunder of paffengers. This 
 word is more proper th^n the former. 
 
 BAN'DOG, S. [from bjna, Sax. a mur- 
 derer, imdog] a large, iuiious fpecies of dog. 
 BA'NDO LEERS, S. [bandeuiiners, Fr.J 
 fm;il wooden cafes, covered with leather, cob 
 tailing a rharee for a ♦nufk-^t. 
 
 BA'NDROL, S. [See BANDEROL] a 
 liil-' filk P.ag, which hangs on a trumpet. 
 
 Ba'NDY, S. [ka:der, Fr to bend] a 
 crooked piece of wood towards the bottom, 
 broad, flat on one fide, rounded on tlje other 
 an.i at the handle, ufed in the game of cricket, 
 now called a ^^/, from hattre, F. to beat, hit 
 BAT. 
 
 To BA'NDY, V. A. to beat or tofs to and 
 fro J to give and take ; to exchange. Ufed 
 with the particle ™i.'i, to contend ; alluding 
 to the endeavour of twt, nerlons to btat a call 
 the contrary way. 
 
 BAN'DY, Adj. [fee the noun] crooked. 
 Thus biSrJj-leg is a cjooked kg \ and bar.dj 
 
 BAN 
 
 lerrgtd is applied to a perfon who has crook 
 legs. 
 
 BANE, S. that which deftroys life. Fi- 
 guratively, Doifon, ruin, deil'uftion. 
 
 To BANE, V. A. [from the noun] to de- 
 ftroy, kill, or poifon. " A rat — to have 
 band," i>hakefp. 
 
 BA'NEFUL, Adj. [from ^dKi and /«//] 
 abounding with qualities deflruilive to life ; 
 poifonous. 
 
 BANE-WORT, S. [from hare. Id. mur- 
 der, and -wort, of ivyrt, Sax. an herb, or root] 
 in Botany, a poifonous plant ; a,fpecies of the 
 nightfhaae. 
 
 To BANG, V. A, [from hevgel, Teut. and 
 Belg . 2 ftick, or club] to cudgel 5 a low fami- 
 liar word. Figuratively, to ufe a perfon rough- 
 ly, applied either to words or aftioras. 
 
 B aNG, S. [f;om the verb] a blow with a 
 ftick or cudtel. 
 
 BA'NCMER, S. in Commerce, a kind of 
 wroUj'ht camblet, manufaiflurt'd at Amiens, 
 in Picardy. 
 
 BANIA'NS, S. a religious feft in the Mo- 
 gul's Country, in the Eaft-Indies, who believe 
 the doftrine of tranfmigraiion ; will not eat 
 flcfti, nor kill any noxious creature. They 
 believe that God created all things, and at the 
 fame lime woi (hip the devil; becaufe he is 
 c.pable of ccing th"m a mifchief. They 
 nriarry their children atfeven years of age ; and 
 are fo fetrful of having any corrimunication 
 with foreignf rs, t)i.it they break their cups if 
 any ftranger fcas drank out of them, or touch- 
 ed ihem. If they touch one another, they 
 wafh and purify themfclves before they will 
 eat, drink, or enter ihto their own houfes. 
 
 To BANISH, V. A. [from bjnlr, Fr.] to 
 make a perfon quit his own country. Figu- 
 ratively, to drive from the mind j to expel. 
 
 BA'NISHER, S. [from baM/h and «r] 
 one who expel? from, or caufes another to quit 
 hi^ native ccuntrv- 
 
 BA'NlSKMF.NT,S.[from5a«i/Z.] the ftate 
 of a perfon baiiifhed. In Law, a kind of 
 civ 1 death, whe:eby a perfon is cut of^ from 
 g\\ benefits arifing from thefociety, cr country 
 in which he wos born, obliged to quit it, and 
 live in a foreign coun;ry. Oftentimes the pu- 
 nifhment of capital crimes is remitted, and 
 converted into banifhment for life; but it is 
 th' n termed tranjportation. 
 
 BANK, ?. [Lane, Sax. bank, Id. panka, 
 Perf.J a great fhoal of fand in the fca ; a 
 rifing ground on each fide of a river wa(hed 
 hy its waters, which it hinders from over- 
 flowing ; earth caft up on one fide of a trench 
 btt_)yeen two armies. 
 
 B^^NK.S. [banc, Fr. banco, I'.ii. banca. 
 Span.] a bench, where rowers fit in vefiels. 
 in Commerce, a common repcfitory, wherein 
 perfuns agtee ti.- keep their ca.'h, to be always 
 ready at their cail or direction. Likewife the 
 place where tlie public bank is kept. 
 
 To BaNK, V. A. [from the noun] to in- 
 
 clofe
 
 BAN 
 
 elofe with banks. In Commerce, to raife a 
 lum of money ; or to place monty in a b nk. 
 BANK-BILL, S. [from /w;<; and hUl] « 
 promiflTory note given by the bank for money 
 placed there, which is payable on prefcnting it. 
 BA'NKER. S.[fiom bank and er] a privaif. 
 perfon entrufted with the cafli of others, pay- 
 able on cieraand. 
 
 BA'NK-RUPT, S. {banquercuuer, Fr.] in 
 Law, one who living by buying and leiling, 
 ha? got the goods of others in his hands, and 
 concealcth himfelf from his creditors. After 
 a llatute of bankruptcy is taken out, a bank- 
 rupt not furrendering within forty days, and 
 not difcovering his eftatc-s, is adjudged yuiity 
 of felony. It is necen",<ry a perfon fhould owe 
 lool. and rnore to a fingle creditor, to entitle 
 him to this ftatute. 
 
 BA'NKRUPTCY,S. [from ian/Jra/O the 
 flate of a perfon declared a bankrupt ; wi;eie- 
 in his goods are fold, and a dividend made to 
 his creditors, in proportion to the amount of 
 their refpeiftive debt:. 
 
 BA'NNACK, S. a cake maoe with oat- 
 meal and peafe mixed with water j common in 
 the north countries. 
 
 BA'NNER, S. \hanne:, Brit, banniere, Fr. 
 har^diars, Ital.J a flag or enfign ufed in an 
 army. 
 
 B'a'NNERET, S.[adiminutivfeof<^an«fr] 
 in Heraldry, an order created by having tnc 
 end of their pennon or enfign cut oft" by the 
 king. 
 
 BA'NNI/^N, S. [from ban:an] a man's 
 undrefs oroutv»atd garment, wore inflrsad of 
 a coat, made double breafted, with the ex- 
 tremities of the forebouies to lap over each 
 other, and refembles the drefi of the Banians 
 in the Eaft Indies. 
 
 BA'NNIMUS, S. the form of baniihing 
 or expelling a fcho'ar from Oxlora, which is 
 generally done by affixing the fe.itence in 
 fome putilic place. 
 
 BA/NQUET, S. [Fr. banchio, Ital. 
 nianquttto, Span,] a feall, or grand entertain- 
 ment. 
 
 To BA'NQUET, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to entertain, or give a fcaft to one or more 
 ptrfons ; to feaft, or regale. 
 
 E'A'NQUEl £R, S. [from banquet and «;■] 
 a perfon who entertains another at a fu nptuous 
 feaft J one who lives fumptuouily, or liteps a 
 good table. 
 
 BA'NQUETING KOUSE, S [from I'on- 
 qucc and bouje] a houfe where public fcafts 
 are given. T/if btir^uctoi^-room at Vv'hitehall, 
 intended for the king to feall in, is a llrudture 
 of the great Inigo Jones, 
 
 BA'NQyETT£, S. [a diminutive of ^aw] 
 in Fortification, a faiall bank for foidiers to 
 mount upon, when they fire behind an en- 
 trenchment. 
 
 BA'NTER, S. [from the veibjthe'.urning 
 any thing tojeftj the being pleafint jSiJicule, 
 or raillery, 
 
 BAB. 
 
 To BA'NTER, V. A. to reprefent a per- 
 fon or rhing in fuch a light, as to HKikethem 
 laufhed at, or become objects of ridicule; to 
 rally ; to play Uj,'on. 
 
 EA'NTERER, S. [from banter and ffr] 
 one who represents the actions or expreffioiis 
 ot another in a ridiculous light; one who 
 plays on ariother, on account of fome fault. 
 
 BA'PTISM, S. [baptijmus, Lat. of |3aw- 
 Ticr/^o;, Gr. trom $-^7tti^v] in Divinity, one 
 of the facraments whereby people are init|ated 
 into the church ; and, as the church expreffes 
 it, made members of Cliiift, children of God, 
 and inheriiors of the kingdom of heaven. 
 
 BAPTl'SMAL, Adj. [from baj-'ilfn:] re- 
 lating to, or done at, our bapiifm. 
 
 BA'PTIST, S. [bjpi'iftc,^ Fr. from Bc.ts- 
 ■na-rr.q, Gr.] one who admlnifters baptifm j 
 applied, by way of eminence, to St. John, 
 our Savi.ur's fore-runner; iikewife one wha 
 holds that baptifm ought to be adaiiniftered 
 only to adult perfons. 
 
 BA'PTISTERY, S. [baptljierlum, Lat.J 
 the place in a church where the facramentof 
 baptifm is adminiflered ; the font. 
 
 To BAPTI'ZE, V. A. {0a7;ri^co, Gr.] 
 to perform the ceremony of bapiiini j to 
 chrillen. 
 
 BAPTIZ'ER, S.[from bjptixe and et] one 
 who admiiuftTrs the facrament of baptilm. 
 
 Bar, S. [iarre, Fr- barrah, Perf.] a piece 
 of wood, or iron made ufe of to fecure the en- 
 trance of any place from being forced ; a rock.-' 
 or fand bank, at the entrance of a harbour, oi 
 river, to keep off iliips of burden ; the part o 
 a court of juftice where the criminal generally 
 ftands,and within which the council and judge 
 fit to try caufes, fo called from a wooden bar 
 oeing placed there to keep oft" the crov^d ^ 
 an inclofed pi, ice at a tavern, coftse-houfe, 
 &c, wherein a perfon fus to take care of, 
 and receive the recltoning. Figuratively, any 
 obflacle, or thing wh.ch hinders ; anything 
 which keeps the parts of a thing together. In 
 Law, a peremptory exception agiinft a demand 
 or plea brought by a defendant in an adtion, 
 that deftroys the adi.m of the phintifFfor ever, 
 and is either bar to common intent, or fpccial, 
 A bay of gold or filver is a lump of either 
 melted and caft into a mould, without ever 
 having been wrought. In Mufic, the ftraight 
 ilrokes drawn perpendicularly ?crofs the Juies 
 in a piece of mufic, between as many notes / 
 as the meaiure of time confifts of, in which 
 the air is pricked. In Heraldry, an ordinary 
 refcmbling the_/"iy},<T;ft"i'ring from it in narrow- 
 nefs, and that it may be placed in any part 
 of the fhield : it is generally drawn horizon- 
 tally acrofs the field, dividing it into two un- 
 eq lal parts, and containing one-fifth of the 
 whole. Bar jhut, two half bullets joined to- 
 gether by an iron bar, ufed in fea engage- 
 ments for cutting down mads and rigging. 
 
 To BAR, V. A. [from the nounj to 
 I fallen or fecuie any entriuiceby a piece of iron,
 
 BAR 
 
 •r woodr Figuratively, to excIucJe, except 
 ajainft ; to hinder, or put a flop to. 
 'barb, S. [iaiha, Lat. tarlt, Fr.] in its 
 original (ignification, a beard. In its fecondary, 
 any thing that grows in its place, or refembles 
 it. The piece of wire at the end of a fifh- 
 hook, which makes an angle with the point, 
 and hinders it from being extracted; likewlfe 
 the pieces of iron which run back in the fame 
 manner from the point of an arrow, and ferve 
 for the fame purpofe. In Antiquity, an sr- 
 siour of iron or leather, which covered the 
 neck, hreaft, and fhoulders of a ho'tfe, called 
 Kkewife a barde. 
 
 BARB, S. [a contraflion of Bcrba'y] a 
 horfe brought from Bubary, efteemed for its 
 beauty, vigour, and fwiftnefs, for its never 
 lying down, and for its {landing ftill, wiien 
 the rider drops his bridle. 
 
 BAH^BACAN, S. [Arab, harbacar.e, Fr. 
 haibacana, Ital.] in Architeif\ure; a long nar- 
 jEow canal, or pafl'age for water in walls, wliere 
 buildir.E,s are liable to be overfiou'ed; likewife 
 to drain off water frcm a terras; a<i aperture 
 in the walls of a ci;y, to fiie mufquets thro' 
 3t an enemy. In Foitification, a fort at the 
 entrance of a bridge; an outer defence or for- 
 fcScation to a city ; a watch tower. 
 
 BA'RBARA.'S. in Logic, a fyllogifm in 
 the firft mode of the til ft figure, wherein .ill 
 rhe propofitions are univcrfal and sflirrnative ; 
 the middle term is the Uibjeft in the fitft, and 
 the attribute in the fcconj propofition , ..s 
 Kar, Alt animals are endued with lenfe. 
 Ba, All men are animals. Therctore 
 R A, All men are endued with fenfe. 
 
 EARBA1<.IAN, S. \ba>bcirus,Lzuirom 
 -■^tfr, Arpb. a dffait] in its primary feni'e, ap- 
 plied by the Greeks and Romans to all that 
 VI ere not of their own nation, .•. e. a toreigner; 
 bat jn procefs of time it acquired a fecondary 
 idea of cruelty, and was ufcd to denote a per- 
 fon void of all the elegant embelliflimcnts 
 of life, and the focial affeflions of benevo- 
 lence, klndnefs, pity, good nature, and hu- 
 manity. 
 
 BARBATIIC, S. Iharbancm, Lat.] fo- 
 reign ; brought from countries at a great dif- 
 tance. " Show'rs on ker king bariaiic 
 pearls." Par. UJi. 
 
 BA'KBARISM, S. [harberifwus, Lat.] in 
 Grammar, an offence againft the purity of 
 fiyle or language ; uncultivated ignor-ince 
 Applied to rnanntrs, rudenefs ; want ot po- 
 litenffs ; favagenefs ; cruelty. 
 
 BARB.-i'RlTY, S. [from harhjrui, Lat.] 
 applied to the behaviour, ii. civility, unpolire- 
 nefs. Applied moft commonly to mjnncrs, 
 cruelty, favagenefs, want of pity, kindnefs, 
 3nd humanity. Applied to language, an im- 
 proper sppliotion ot a word. 
 
 BA'RBAROUS, Adj. ( from harbaru'.,'L7iK. 
 £:.-p3a.fc;. Gr.J applied to learning, ignorant; 
 smacquainted with the polite ar's and fucnces. 
 i^pplied to manners, void of compjflion, be- 
 
 7 
 
 BAR 
 
 nevolence, p::y, or ccmpaiTion ; cruel ; fa» 
 vage ; inhuman. 
 
 BA'RBAROUSLY, Adv. [from iarbarous 
 and 'y^ in fuch a manner as fhews a mind un- 
 polifhed with learning ; a flranger to polite- 
 nefs, pitv, compafiion, or humanity. 
 
 EA'RBE, S. [Fr.] in the Military Art, t$ 
 fire en burbe, is to fire cannon over the para- 
 pet, inflead of the embrazures. 
 
 To BARBECU'E, V. A. [IndJ to drefs a 
 hog whole, by fplitting it to the back-bone, 
 and broiling it upon a girdiron, railed twg 
 feet above a charcoal fire, 
 
 BARBECUE, S. [from the verb] a hog 
 drefled whole after the Weft Indian manner. 
 
 BA'RBLES, S. [Fr. barbo, harbello, hi\. 
 barbe, Dan.] a large, iirong, but coarfe river 
 fifh; fo called, from its having a barb or 
 wattle un^er its chin. 
 
 BA'RBER, S. [barb:er, Fr. barblere, Ital. 
 from barva. Lat. a beard] one who rtiaves. 
 
 BA'RBER-CHIRURGEON, S. [pro- 
 nounced baher-furnecn, from barber and ckir 
 rurgeor] one who pradtifes the lower opera- 
 tions of furgery; f' ch as bleeding and drawi.Tg 
 of teeth, together with the trade of a barber, 
 
 Ba'R BERRY, «;. [Arab, from whence 
 barberes, low Lat.] in Botany, the piperidge 
 bufb, which grows in hedges to the height 
 of eiuht or ten feet. 
 
 BARD, S. [bird, Brit, and Run.] among 
 the ancient fifitcnf, Dane"^, and Irifh,an order 
 of men who ufed to fing the great exploits of 
 heroes to the harp, vveie perfons in the higheft 
 eftcem among all ra.^ks of people, and reve- 
 renced as pel Tons of extraordinary abilities evjn 
 by crowned heads, who paid them fo mi'ch 
 deference, as to be reconciled to their moft 
 inveterate enemies, at tiieir inftanccs. Even 
 in the (refent times, the .vord implies ti poet, 
 
 B-ARE, Adj. [bare. Sax. naked] uncover- 
 ed; without any drefs ; naked. Figuratively, 
 wiihot^t ornament ; dcrtitute, or in want of 
 neceflaries ; not joined with any thing elfe j 
 alone; folitary. " Live by your bare words." 
 ^^hakcj'p. Very much worn; that which has 
 loft its nap; threadbare. Ufed with cf, before 
 the thing wanted. " Bare 0/ money." Locke, 
 
 BARE, or BORE, the prefer of Bear. 
 
 BA'REBONE, S. [from bare and bore] a 
 very thin or lean perfon, who has icarce any 
 fle/h to over his bones. A low word. 
 
 BA'REFACED, Adj. [from bare znd/jce} 
 with the face uncovered. Figuratively, with- 
 out diflimulation, or difgufe; with great ef- 
 frontery, or impudence. Generally ufcd in a 
 bad I'enfe. 
 
 BAREFA'CEDLY, Adv. [from barefaced 
 and A] in fuch a manner as Ihows a bold 
 daring impudence. 
 
 BA'REf DOT, Adj. [from bare and foot, 
 barefoot, .Sax. J One who is without fliocs, or 
 any covering to his feet. 
 
 BA'REfOOTED, Adj. [from harrf^'^ 
 without ilioes, or other cov:ring to ths leer. 
 
 B.VRE-
 
 BAR 
 
 jBA'REHEADED, Adj. [from han anH 
 bead\ without a hat, or any covering to the 
 head. 
 
 BA'RELY, Adv. [from bare and ly] with- 
 out cloaths, applied to drefs ; without any 
 thing elfe, or only, applied as an exceptive. 
 
 BA'RENESS, S. [from bare and ncfs] ap- 
 plied to drefs, either total nakednefs, or a want 
 of fome neccffary parr of attiie ; meanne's, 
 with refpeift to the quality Oi" cloathing. Ap- 
 plied to circuiriftances. indigence j poverty. 
 
 BA'RGAIN, S. [largen, EnX. bargjgno, 
 Ital. hargalgie, Fr.J a voluntary agreement 
 made between traders to deliver or fell a com- 
 modity at a price agreed on 5 the thing boughi 
 or fold ; the conditions of fale. 
 
 To BA'RGAIN, V. A, [from the noun] 
 to agree to, or malie terms for the fale of any 
 thing. Ufed with the particle for. *' The 
 great duke may bargain for the republic." 
 
 BARGAINE'E, S. [from barg^n] theper- 
 fon who agrees to tlie condition of a bargain 
 or pirchsle. 
 
 BA'IRG AINER, S. [from bargain and er] 
 one who propofes the conditions of a bargain. 
 
 BARGE, S. [bargie, Belg. from barga, 
 low Ln ] a large flat- bottomed veffel ufed for 
 the carriage of goods in rivers ; likewife a ftate 
 or pleafure boat, built with a room capable of 
 containing feveral perfons. 
 
 BARK, S. [from harck, Dan. horct, Teut. 
 bink, Delg. from bergen, to cover] in Botany, 
 tin outfide coveting of a tree, which increafes 
 every vear. 
 
 BARK, or BARQUE, S. [barque, Fr. har- 
 ca, Ital. a boat] a fnull vefl'el with one deck 
 only, ufed in tr nfporting merchandizes either 
 by fea, or on rivers. 
 
 To BARK, V. A. [from the noun J toftrip 
 oft' the rind or baik of a tree. 
 
 To BARK, V. A. [beorcan, Sax.] to make 
 a noife like a dog, when he gives the alarm. 
 
 BARK-BA'RED, S. [from bark and bare] 
 flripped or robbed of the bark. 
 
 BARKBI'NDING, S. [from bark and 
 bind] in Gardening, a difeafe incident to trees, 
 wheiein the bark is fo clofe, that the vege- 
 tation, and the circulation of the fap is hin- 
 dered. 
 
 BA'RKER, S. [from bark and r] applied 
 to litigious, noify, or clamorous perfons, it al- 
 ludes to the noife made by a dog. 
 
 BARK-GALLING, S. [from bark and 
 gj'l] is the rubbing off, or wounding the bark 
 of trees. 
 
 BA'RKY, Adj. [from bark] that which 
 CO liiils of, or has the properties of, bark. 
 
 BA^^LEY, S. [from bere, Sax, which fig- 
 nifies the fame] in Botany, the grain from 
 whence beer is extrafted. 
 
 BARLEY-BRAKE, S. [from barley 2nd 
 irate, from braecan. Sax. to break] a kind of 
 ru'-al play which confifts in fwiftnefs of run- 
 ning. 
 
 BAR 
 
 BA'R LEY-CORN, S. [from barky an^ 
 corn] a grain of barley ; ufed in long meafure 
 as the third part of an inch. 
 
 BARLEY-MOW, S. [from barhy and 
 mnv] a heap of barley laid togctiier and form- 
 ed into a rick orft.ick. 
 
 BARM, S. [from barm, beorm, beorma. 
 Sax. barme, baerm:, Dan. barme, Belg. fer- 
 ment, or buramhidan, Perf. to fwcli, or fer- 
 ment, buriTi, Brit.j that which is put into 
 drink to make it work, or into bread to fwell 
 it, and make it light j called by the London- 
 ers yeaCi. 
 
 BA'RMY, Adj. [from barm] that which 
 has been well fermented or worked with 
 barm, or yeaft. 
 
 BAR>), S. [oi bem. Sax. a garner ; from 
 here. Sax. barley] a place, i»r houfe wherein 
 any grain, hay, (s^c. i^ ftored, 
 
 BA'RNACLE, S. [in Farriery] an inftru- 
 ment made of iron, which is fartened to a 
 liorfe's nofe, when he is reftiff and not fafe 
 tobefhod; when phyfic is adminiftered, a 
 vein is to be opened, or an incifion made. 
 
 BARO'METER, S. [from (3«j^, weight, 
 and f^if^ea], Gr. to meafure] in Hydroftatics, 
 an inftrument to meafure the weight or pref- 
 fure of a column of air, to difcoyer the heights 
 of mountains, &(. which confifts of a tube 
 herrneticaliy fealed, filled with quickfilver, 
 and imerged in a veflcl of the fame. 
 
 BAROME'TRICAL, Adj. [from baro- 
 meter] relating to, or tried by the barometer. 
 
 BA'RON, S. [from bar, Teut. Celt. 
 bcorn, Sax. a prince, wacr, Goth, a man] a 
 term which formerly included all the greater 
 nobility. It is now ufed as a degree of nobi- 
 lity next below that of a vifcount, and above 
 that of a baronet. Parliarncntary barons are not 
 barons by name only, but are all by birth, 
 peers, noblemen, and are fummoned by the 
 king, " to treat of the weighty affairs of the 
 nation, and to give counfel upon them.'* 
 They have the following immunities and pri- 
 vileges; in criminal caufes, they are judged 
 by their peers only, are not put on oath, but 
 deliver the truth upon honour; are not impan- 
 neiled on a jury, nor liable to the writs fup- 
 plicavit, capias, efoins. They had no coronet 
 till Charles II. gave them a u,old one, with fix 
 pearls, Befides thefe, the two archbifhops, 
 and all the bifnops of England, are parliamen- 
 tary barons, and enjoy all the privileges of 
 the others, excepting that they are not judged 
 by their peers ; for being not to be preient in 
 fanguinary caufes, in fuch cafes they are judg- 
 ed, as a fact, by a jury of 12. Barons of tb: 
 Exchequer, are four judges, who determine 
 caufes between the king an.d his fubieifls, \n 
 affairs relating to the revenue and the ex- 
 chequer. Barons of the Cinque ports, are mem- 
 bers elected two tor each, who have feats ia 
 the houfe' of commons. Baron and femme, 
 in Law, are hufband and wife. Ba>on and 
 femme, in Heraldry, is when the co«ts of 
 
 arm*
 
 BAR 
 
 arms of a man and hi? wife are borne per pale 
 in t'le fame efchutcheon. 
 
 BA'ilONAGE, S. [I'aror:agiur>i,LAt.] the 
 body of barons ; the dignity, or lands which 
 give title to a baron. 
 
 B A'RONESS, S. [bcroneffu, Ital. haronijja, 
 Lat.'] the lady, or wife of a baron, 
 
 RA'RONET, S. [from baron and tt'\ the 
 loweft decree of honour that is hcrfditary, 
 being below a baron, and above a,iknight. It 
 wjs founded by James I. in 1611; who al- 
 lowed them to charge their coat with the an.'^s 
 of Ulfter, /. e, in a field argent, a hand gules. 
 They take'piace according to the dates ot tiieir 
 •patents, in which the title of Sir is peculiarly 
 granted then'. 
 
 BA'RONY, S. [baroma] the lord/hip or 
 fee of a baron, whether fpiiitiial or temporal. 
 BA'ROSCOPE, S. [horn Ba.^'^, heavy, 
 and cuoTTio:, Gr. to txamine or learch into] 
 an inftrument to fhew the alteration of the 
 weight of the atniofphere. See BAROME- 
 TFR. 
 
 BA'RP.ACAN, S. \kciuracan, Fr.] a kin.l 
 e( ftufl'refi-mbling camlet, wove in a. loom 
 ■with two tredJles. 
 
 BA'RRACK, S. [^barracan, Span.] fmall 
 h'lts ere(fled by the Spanifti fifliermen along I to ftop up a pafl'age, ^o as an enemy may be, aC 
 the fhore; likewife buildings raifed to lodge jleaft, retarded in their march, 
 fuldiers in. 
 
 BARRAS, S. [Fr.] in Natural Hiftory, a 
 gum which drops by incifion from the pine- 
 
 BAR 
 
 BA'RREN, Adj. Hare, Sax. baer, Tenti 
 land Belg. naked] appli-d to animals or foils, 
 not able to produce its like. Applied to ge- 
 nius, not able to produce any thing new. 
 
 BA'RRENLY, Adv. [from barren and ly\ 
 
 ?n unfruitful manner. 
 
 BA'RRENWORT, S. [from harremnA 
 liisr?] in Botany, a plane ia cilled frottt'its 
 procuring fterility. 
 
 I BA'RRICADE, S. [i'jn-/V«^e, Fr.]any de- 
 fence in the milittiry art r, ifsd againfi an ene- 
 my h:ifti)y, made with vefllls, carts, balkets 
 of earth, treer, or p.tlUrades. Figuratively, 
 any thing which obfi:rii£ls or hinders the mo- 
 tion of a thinp. 
 
 ToBARRiCA/DE,V.A. [from thenoun] 
 to ftep up a paffage j to hinder the advance or 
 motion of any thing. 
 
 BARRICA'UO, S. [tarrkade, Span. See 
 BARRICADE] in Fortification, a defence 
 made with flakes fhod with iron, croiTed at 
 the top with batoons, and erefted in palFages 
 or breaches. 
 
 To BARRICA'DO, V. A. [from the 
 noun] to block up any paflagej to hinder an 
 enemy from pji^ifig any defile or place. 
 
 BARRICA'DOR, S. [irnmbarrtcadsr,7r.'\ 
 
 tree, called white or marcled incenft, 
 
 BA'RRATOR, {harauur, Fr. a cheat] 
 a litigious pcrfon, or one who is fond of quar- 
 rels and law-fuits. 
 
 BA'RR ATRY, S. [larratare, Ital. mifde- 
 iweanor or fraud] in Common Law, thejr.ov- 
 jng or maiiitaining of fuics in difturbance ol 
 the peace J and the taking and detaining 
 houfes, land, fe°f. by falfc pretences. 
 
 BA'RREL, S. [baril, Brit, barril. Span. 
 barile, Ital.] an oblong veflel made of fir, 
 6ak, beach, C^c. wood, of a fpheroidal, «r 
 cylindrical form, made to contain either dry or 
 liquid commodities, and 11, td as liquid or dry 
 ineafure. The i^jr'?/ contains in wine mea- 
 fure 31 gallons and a half, beer meafure 36 
 gallons, and ale meafure 32. Tht barrel oi 
 herrings (liould contain 32 gallons wine mea- 
 fure, and loco herrings; the ^a>rc/ of falmon 
 42 gallons; the barrel of eeh the fame, and 
 that of loip muft weigh 2561b. Barrel ap- 
 plied to 3 gun, that long cylindrical tube made 
 of metal, through which it is charged, and 
 from whence the expiofion is made. Gene- 
 rally applied to any thing of a cylindrical 
 form. In Anatomy, a large cavity behind 
 the tympanum, fcur or five Hues deep, and 
 f.ve or f;x broad, with a fine membrane. 
 
 To BA'RREL, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 put into, or indole in a barrel. 
 
 BA/RREL-BEI.LIED, Adj. [from barrel 
 and bci^yj withalar^e fwelling or piotubtrant 
 bcily. "■ I 
 
 BA'RR lER, S. [barrlere, Fr. barriera, 
 Ital.] that whi(h keeps an enemy ofT, or hin- 
 ders him from entering into any country ; a ■ 
 fence made al a paffage, retrenchment, &c. 10 
 flop up its entry. Figuratively, an obitruftion, 
 or hindrance ; a boundary or limit. 
 
 BA'RRiSTER, S. [fiom bar] one who is 
 qu;ilified from hrs having performed his exer- 
 cifes at the inns of courts, and by a licence 
 from, the lord high chancellor, after a proper 
 landing, to plead thecaufe of clients In a coutt 
 of juftice. 
 
 BA'RROW, S. [from berenve. Sax. bu- 
 rella, borcllo, Ital. from beran. Sax. to bear] 
 any carriage moved or fet in motion by the 
 hand; hence 'i. harA-harroia, is a frame of 
 boards, on which things are cariied by i;an- 
 dles at its extremities between two men. A 
 nobeel-barroiv, is that with one wheel at the 
 head, by which it moves when pufhed forward 
 by the handles at 'he other end. 
 
 BA/RROWS, S. [irom beorg. Sax. a hill] 
 hills or mounts raifed by the SaxonS; in ho- 
 nour of tho e who died in the field of battle. 
 BA'R TER, S. [from the verb] in Com- 
 merce, the purchafing one corrjmedity by an 
 other, or exchanging one ware for another. 
 
 Ti. BA'RTER, V. A. [baratter, Fr. ba- 
 rattare, Ital ] to exchange one thing for an- 
 other ; the original method of carrying on all 
 tr.adc and commerce, till the invention of 
 rnoney. 
 
 BA'RTFRER, S. [from bjrter and er] he 
 that trades by exchanging one commodity for 
 anoiher. 
 L BA'RTON; S. [Sax.] the demefne lands
 
 B A S 
 
 of a manor ; a manor houfe ; the fields, cat- 
 houfes, l^e, a term in great ufe in the W. of 
 England. 
 
 BASE, Adj. [from hat, Fr. lajjh, Ital. 
 baxo, Span, hafi, tajy, Perf.j applied to ac 
 tions, proceeding from a mean, narrow, abjeift, 
 and fordid Qifpofition. Ajiplied to rank, low, 
 mean, and void of dignity. Applied to birth, 
 <Jefcended from mean parents. Applied to 
 metals, counterfeit, or adulterated. In'Archi- 
 tedture, the lower pait of a column or pedef 
 taJ, being the fame to a column, as a fhoe is 
 to a man. Bafe, in Fortification, is an ima- 
 ginary line drawn from the flanked an^le of a 
 baftion to that vvhirh is oppofue to it. Baje of 
 a figure, in Geometry, is the lower part of it. 
 Baje of a triangle, is properly that fide paral- 
 lel to ihe horizon. Baje, in Anatomy; is the 
 broader or upper part of the .heart to which 
 the two auricles are fixed. Bafe fee, is a 
 tenure in fee at the will of a lord. Bafe, in 
 Mufic, the Urge firing of a mufical irillru- 
 ment. See BASS, or BASSO. 
 
 To BASE, V. A, [bajer, Fr.] to lower 
 the value of a thing by mixtures ; to debafe ; 
 to adulterate. " Refined metals, which we 
 cannot Aa/f." Bac. 
 
 BA'SENESS, S, [from ^^/e and «f/}] ap- 
 plied to aftions, that which is void of genero- 
 ftty, magnanimity, or noblenefs of foul, and 
 proceeds from a narrownefs or meannefs of 
 fpirit. Applied to metals, their want of the 
 itandard value. Applied to birth, difnonour- 
 able, or produced froni unlicenfed embraces. 
 Applied to found, low, grave. See BA'SE. 
 
 EASHA'VV, S. {{^ajcha, 6t pacha, Turk.] 
 a Turkifli governor of a province, city or dil- 
 tri£V, who has two iiorfe- tails carried before 
 him. 
 
 BA^SHFUL, Adj. [from ahap and /«/] 
 one who is foon put out of countenance. 
 
 BA'SHFULLY, Adv. [hom bafifuUni 
 ly] in a ti-T-.o^-ous, /heepifli manner. 
 
 BA'SHFULNESS, S. [from iaffi,/ and 
 Tifs] timoroufnefs, fear, or fhame. 
 
 B A'SIL, S. among joiners, the (loping edge 
 of a carpenter's or joiner's tool, which varies 
 according to the work it is to do ; the iTcin o{ 
 a rtieep tanned. In Botany, a plant, named 
 occymuin. 
 
 To BA'SIL, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 grind away the edge of a tool to a certain 
 thiicknefs, or angle. 
 
 BA'SlLiC, S. [bafliquc, Fr. (3:;j-iAiii>,,Gr.] 
 in A.chlteii^lure, a public hall, with two 
 ranges of pillars, aiUi or wings, an^ galleries 
 over them J formerly ufed for the palaces of 
 princes, and afterwards converted int^ courts 
 of jurtice, and churches. 
 
 BASI'LIC, or BASILICAL, Adj. [from 
 hafMca] in Anatomy, fomething belonging or 
 relating to the bifilical vein. 
 
 BASI'LICA, S, [from Qxc-iXun, Or. roy- 
 al] in Anatomy, the middle vein, rifisig from 
 the axilUry branch, and running the whole 
 k.n^tia of the armi 
 
 B A S 
 
 EASI'LICON, S. [Or. &xc-.\iKoy] in Phar- 
 macy, nn ointment called tetrapharmacon, 
 from its being compofed of four inzredients, 
 'VIZ.. renn, wax, pitch, and oil of olivv;s. By 
 fome, of Burgundy pitch, turpentine, refin, 
 and oil, 
 
 BA'SILISK, S. [jias-iXis-Ko;, royal, from 
 /ic.j-iXsr?, Or. a king] in Natural Hiftory, a 
 kind of ferpent about three palms long, with 
 white fpots on its crown, faid to drive all 
 others away by its hiffing, and to kill by its 
 veiy look ; called likewife a cockatrice. In 
 Gunnery, a fpecies of cannon or ordnance of 
 the larger fort. " Your greateft cannons and 
 bafil'.pr Bac. 
 
 B \'SIS, S. [Lat.] the foundatian, or that 
 on which any thing is eftabli/hed, or fupport- 
 ed. See BASE. 
 
 To BASK, V. A. [bactn. Sax. bakefr, 
 bac'rierei:, Belg.J to warm by expofing to, or 
 laying in, the heat of the fun. Neuterly, to 
 lie in a wann place. 
 
 BA'SKET, S. lbaf?_a-.vd, ox bafged, Bnt. 
 bafgauda, Lat.] a veflcl made with twigs, 
 ru'hes, ^c. woven together. A ba/ket nvomav.,' 
 is one who plies at markets with a bulker, te 
 bring home fuchprovifions as are bought there. 
 
 BA'SON, S. [bajfr,, Fr. bac'ino, Ital.J a 
 fmall velVel te hold water, or other liquTrs ; 
 an hollow place which contains water : a 
 pond; a canal J a dock for repairing or build- 
 ing /hips ; a concive piece of metal madi ufe 
 of by opticians to grind their convi;x glaifcs 
 in ; a round fhell, or cafe of iron, placed over 
 a furnace, wiierein hatter': mould their hats. 
 In Anat'imy, a round cavity in the form of a 
 tunnel, between the an-erior vea:ricL's of the 
 brain, the pituitary gla.ids, and the veins. Ea- 
 fons ef a balance, Are the fame as fcales, one of 
 whi^h contains the weii^ht, and the other the 
 commodity whofe weight is required. 
 
 BASS, S. [ba/f, Ital.] in MuGc, the 
 loweft of all the parts, v.'hich ferves as a foun- 
 ilution to the others. 7'iiat part of a concert, 
 confrling of the gravcft:, deeped, and mod fo- 
 lenin iounds. Conmcr-bafs is the fecond, whirj 
 there are fcveral in the fa iiie concert. 1 horough- 
 bas, is that which proceeds without inter- 
 niiflion from the beginning to the end, and 
 is the harmony made by bafs-viols, theorbo's, 
 &c. pKiying both while the voices fmg, and 
 other inftrurnents perform; and alfo filling the 
 intervals when they ftop. 
 
 Bass, S. [from bas, Fr.] a mat ufcd in 
 churches to kneel on, made of ruflies, in a 
 cylindrical form, and ftuft'ed with hay ; com- 
 monly called a bofs. 
 
 BA'SSO^ [Ital. See BASS] in Mufic, 
 fometi'nes'e.'itended to thebafs univerfally,an<J 
 at ether times retrained to thuonly which is 
 fung. Bijjj'u cor.certarto is the figured or tho- 
 rough bafs, going t.hroiigh the whole piece, 
 playing chord,, or whatever can convey har- 
 mony to the e.ir. Bafjo rep'ino, the b.if5 of 
 the graod chorus, which is heard only, or 
 
 comet
 
 B A S 
 
 comes In, at intervals, in order to make the 
 compofuion have a greater effect, 
 
 B.VSSON,or B ASSO'ON; S. [See BASS] 
 in Mufic, a wind inftrument, blown with a 
 rted, nine inches diameter at the bottom, 
 with eleven holes, flopped like thole of a 
 flute, dividing into two parts, and ufed for the 
 bafs in concerts with hautboys. 
 
 BA'SSO-RELIEVO, S. [Ital.] in Sculp- 
 ture, figures which do not ftand out much be- 
 yond the ground on which they are carved. 
 
 BA'SS-RELIEF, S. See BASSO-RE- 
 LIEVO. 
 
 BA'SS-VIOL, S. [from l^afs and ■^'kl] in 
 Mufic, a ftringed inftrument of the fame form 
 as the violin, but larger, ftruck with a bow ; 
 and has eight flops, divided by hajf ftops and 
 femi-tones. 
 
 BA'STARD, S. [t'rom baflard, Brit, of 
 low birth; batards, Fr.] in Law, a perfon 
 born of parents which have not been lawfully 
 married, and cannot inherit land as heir to his 
 father. In the hundred of Middleton in Kent, 
 whoever gets a baftard, forfeits all his goods 
 and chattels to the king. Figuratively, any 
 thing which degenerates from that which 
 produces it ; any thing fpujjous, not genuine, 
 or adulteraDe. 
 
 To BA'STARD, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to convidt of getting a baftard ; to prove a 
 perfon not begotten in lawful wedlock. 
 
 To BASTARD'iZE, V, A. [from laDard'] 
 to provi a perfoa not begotten in lawful 
 marriage ; to get a baftard. 
 
 BA'STARDLY, Adv. [from lajlard lM 
 ly\ like i baftard 5 in a degeneiate, fpurious 
 manner. 
 
 BA'STARDY, S. [from haflardl in Law, 
 »n unlawful ftate of birih, wherein a perfon 
 js produced from a couple not married, and 
 is therefoie difabled from fucceeding to an 
 inheritance. 
 
 To BASTE, V. A. [hattre, Fr.] to beat 
 with a ftick. In Cookery, to moiften meat, 
 while roafling, with butter, or dripping. A- 
 mong Sempftiefles, from hajlLr, Fr. to ftitch, 
 to few two felveges together. 
 
 RA'STES, S. fturts made of the bark of 
 tiees, which come from the Eaft Indies. 
 
 BASTI'LE, S. a royal caflle built by 
 Charles V. in 1369, for the defence of Paris, 
 DOW ufed as a place of confinement for ftate 
 pi i Toners. 
 
 ■ BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, S. 
 [bafliiiriaJe, Fr.j the aft of beiting with 
 a ftick orcudgelj the punifhment inflided by 
 the Turks, of beating the foles of a perfon's 
 feet with a heavy piece of wood, having a 
 lart;e knob or round head at the end. 
 
 To BASTINA'DE, or BASTINA'DO, 
 "V . A. [iajlonner, Fr. See the noun] to beat 
 with a ftick or cudgel. 
 
 BA'STION, S. [Fr.] in Fortification, a 
 large mafs of earth faced with fods, feld< m 
 with brick or flone, flanding oat from a ram- 
 part. 
 
 BAT 
 
 BA'STON, or BATTO'ON, S. [Fr, i 
 ftick] in Architefture, a mould at the bale of 
 a column called a tore. In Heraldry, a kind 
 of bend, not reaching quite acrofsthe fliieid; 
 a fign of bafiardy, and ought not to be re- 
 moved till the third generation. 
 
 Bat, S. [6m, ot bait, Sax. a ftick] any 
 large club ; particularly one curved, and flat 
 on one fide t.iwards the bottom, ufed in the 
 game of cricket. See BANDY. 
 
 BAT, S. [in Natural Hiftory] an animal 
 with the Lody of a nioufe, and wings like a 
 bird, confifting of a membrane, whicti it ex- 
 tends in its llightj it appears only in fummcr 
 evenings. 
 
 BA'TABLE, Adj. [from bat and <ibU] in 
 Law, applied to grounds whofe property is 
 difputable. 
 
 BATA'VIA,S. the capital of all thcDutch 
 fettlements in the EaftJndies, and center of 
 their commerce in Afia. It is fituated on the 
 N. E. part cf the iJland of Java, S. E. of Su- 
 matra, and S. W. of Borneo. Here is the 
 rehdence of the governor-general and coun- 
 cil ol the Indies. It has a moft excellent iar- 
 bour belonging to.it. The Dutch at Batavia 
 can now fit out fo manv fhips. that no Euro- 
 pean nation at that dirtance can cope with 
 them J lo powerful are they, and fo nume- 
 rous are the fubiefts and dominions dependent 
 upon them. When they firll came hither, 
 which was in the year 1619, the place was 
 only a viilage, in a flat country, with fenny 
 grounds round it y but they have fince made 
 it a very beautiful city, built of white ftone, 
 having cut canals, faced with ftone, on the 
 bord£rs of which are ever-greens planted, run- 
 ning all along the principal fttects ; fo that 
 the water of land floods is carried off. About 
 17 or iS fmall illands in the offing lb break 
 the violence of the winds and waves, that 
 1000 fail rnay ride there fafe at a time, befides 
 Imall craft, which go into the river, and lie 
 clofe in niore faftoncd to piles. Here all vef- 
 lels pay tell. A fea-gale ri^cs every mi>rning 
 .ibout ten, which brings veffels into ihe bar, 
 and a land one about ten that night, to carry 
 them out. The one comes from the N. and 
 the other from the S. 
 
 BATCH, S. the quar.ti'y of breai^ baked 
 at onetime. Figuratively, thst vvhich relem- 
 bles fome other thing in qualities. 
 
 BA'TCHELOR, S. See BACHELOR, 
 
 ToBA'1 E, V. A. [contracted from .^luie] 
 to leiicn a demand, or lower the price ot a 
 commodi y ; to abftain or re'rain from a 
 thing J to except, or take away. " Bare but 
 the laft, an.l 'tis what 1 would lav." Drfd. 
 
 BA'lEMENr, S. [tTom aiaimctit) the 
 IcfTening the quantity of flutV j ufed by car- 
 penli'is, and low mechanics. 
 
 BA'i -FOWLING, S, [from bat and fjivl] 
 a method vi catching birds in the night, 
 piadVuJ by lighting ftraw, or carrying a lan- 
 tern neai t^ie buihts, vvhich ben^beat with a 
 
 ftick, 
 
 m H
 
 BAT 
 
 filcU.tiiey fly toward: rhelicht, and are caught 
 jn nets provided fur ma: (.lu.-pje. 
 
 BATH, S. [.harb, Sax. trr>m hathian. Sax. 
 to vvalli] a fiifScienttjuaniiiy of watercolleClpd 
 into fome convenient k<lce forperfons towaih 
 in. Baihs are dvvide'l into hot and cold. The 
 moft celebrated of this kind in England are 
 thole near V/elis in Somerfetfhire. They pro- 
 duce a pei-fpiration ot 5 oz. in an hour, znA 
 are of great ufe :n diforders of the head, pally, 
 difeafes of the Ikin, fcurvy, ftotie, coniUpa- 
 tions of the bowels, and inoft chronical difor- 
 ders. Cold bathing operates both by its cold 
 andconftringing power, and its weight, which, 
 at the depth of two ieet under water, prelies 
 on the human fra.rie with a weight of 22oolb. 
 troy. It dillolves the blood, removes any 
 vifcid matter adhering to the fides of the vef- 
 fels ; generates fpirits; forces urine; and re- 
 moves obflruiSlions in the vifcera. Kriighis of 
 the Bath, io called from their being ufed to 
 bathe tormerly before their creation, fecm to 
 have been inftituted by Richard II. extended 
 by Henry IV. and revived by George I. 
 
 BATH, S. a city in SomerietiTiire. It is 
 fituated on a plain not very lar^e, and furround 
 
 B A W 
 
 is pretty confiJerable, but varies at the ■work." 
 min's clcafure. 
 
 To C.A' I'TEN, V. A. [from batten, Tetit. 
 to pcofilj to glut, or fatiaic ones felf j to grow 
 ii\. ; to live Kixurioufly. Applied to land, t« 
 make fruitful. Ncuteriy, to grow fat, to in- 
 dult;e one's lelf. 
 
 BA'T rtR, S. fin Cookery] a mixture of 
 flour, L-ggs, and milk, beaten together with 
 lome liquor. 
 
 To BA'TTER, V A. [battre, Fr.] to 
 beat; to beat down, Moft commanly applied 
 to the battering of walls by engines, cannon, 
 £ff. When applied to perlons, it fignifies tp 
 wear out with ufe or fervice. 
 
 BA'TTERY, S. [in Fortification] a plac« 
 where artillery is planted, in order to play 
 upon the enemy. In Law, the beating any 
 perfon unjuftly. 
 
 To BA^TTLE, V. A. [b^taUler, Fr.] to 
 engage in battle, or contend in any manner 
 whatever. 
 
 BA'TTLE-ARRAY, S. [from battk ?nd 
 array^ arrangement, or order of battle j th« 
 proper difpofnion of men in order to enga^g 
 an enemy. 
 
 ed by hills of an equal height, from which! BATTLE-AX, S. [from battle and av] a 
 
 town, weapon made wie. of in former times j fre- • 
 
 feveral fpring";, highly bentticial to the 
 take their rile. Tne waters of thefe fprings 
 are an efic£lual rc^medy to fuch bodies as pec- 
 cant humours have rendered dull and heavy. 
 The (Ircngth of the humour is abated, the 
 patient being thrown into a fweat by Jieir 
 heat. The three moft noted of thefe baths 
 are called, the cr/j bath, the hot bath, and the 
 kings or royal bath. Bath has been a flourifh- 
 ing place, both far the woolleo manufa£lure, 
 and the great xefort of flrangers. Its antiquity 
 is evident, from fome Roman images and in- 
 scriptions ; but the letters of thefe have been 
 fo worn by time, that they arc fcarce legible. 
 BATH-KOL, S, [from bath-hA, Heb. 
 the daughter of the voice] the pame of a 
 Jewi/h oracle, wiiich often occurs in the Tal- 
 inud. 
 
 BATTA'LIA, S, [from battaglia, Ital.j 
 the drawing up an army in order of battle. 
 
 BATTA'LION, S. [battallio,^, Fr.] a fmall 
 body of infantry drawn up in order of battle. 
 A battalion feldom falls /hort of ycOjOr exceeds 
 loco, men. It is generally ranged in fix 
 ranks. 
 
 BA'TTEL, or BA'TTLE, S, Ibattalk, 
 Fr.J an engagement between two numerous 
 bodies of men. The fight of two individuals 
 is frequently, but improperly, called a battle. 
 A battle fuppofes a number on both fides, 
 "When clad moft dreadful in the battlis 
 front." Clo-ver's Leon'ulas, The middle of 
 an army goes univerlally by the n.\me of the 
 main batt'e. 
 
 BAT'l EN, S. a name given by workmen 
 to along, thin piece of wood, of an inconli- 
 derable breath, leldom exceeding fo'.ir inches; 
 ic is generally about an inch iluck, lis length 
 
 quent mention is made of it by the hiftorians, 
 though none of them have left us a defcrip- 
 tion of it. 
 
 BA'TTLEDOOR, S.' [from batik an<i 
 door^ an inrtrument ufcd to ifrike a ftinttle- 
 eock ; it confifts of a handle and broad blade. 
 
 B.VTTLEMENTS, S. [perhaps corrupt-^ 
 ed from batitnait, Fr.] notches on the top of 
 a tower, wall, parapet, &c. to look through, 
 in order to annoy an enemy. 
 
 BA'TTOLOGY, S. [03tt(iXoj/i«, Gr. j a 
 tedious circumlocution, or the trequent repe- 
 tition of the fame wor4 without any reafon. 
 
 BA'TTON. S. [Fr. See RASTONj a 
 truncheon or ftalf, borne by a marlhal as a 
 mark of his dig.iityj likewife, any fliort fticfc 
 or club. 
 
 BAU'I'LE, S. [from bifubellum, barbarous, 
 Lat.] a play thing ; and figuratively, any thing 
 of a trifling infignificant natuie. 
 
 BAWD, S. {baude, Fr.] a perfon of either 
 fex, who lives by procuring wo;nen for lewd 
 pupofes. 
 
 B.VWDlLY, Adv. [from haiudy zn<!, ly} 
 \ii an obfcene, unchafte, or immoae.ll m inner. 
 ' B.-^'WDRY, S. [contraacd from ba:.dery\ 
 the arting like a bawd in bringing perfons to- 
 gether for immodcft purpofes. Applied to 
 language, that which is unchafle and ob- 
 fcene. 
 
 EA'WDY, Adj. [from baiud] that which 
 expredes obfccnity or unchafte ideas in plain 
 terms, and carries with it the idea of impu- 
 dence. 
 
 B.^'WDY-HOUSE, S. [from ^J-i'iy and 
 houjc] a place where llrumpets cany on their 
 imniodefty, and proftitution is prad^iied. 
 
 7 To BAWL,
 
 B E A 
 
 To BAWL, V. A.[hjIo, Lat.]to cry or fpeak 
 any thing with a loud voice. A low term. 
 CA'WSIN, S. [in Natural HiftoryJ a bad- 
 
 BAY, S- [badlus, Lat. %«, Fr. baio, Ita!.] 
 applied to the colour of a horfe, is that which 
 inclines te red, and approaches near to a chef- 
 nut. The light and gilded bays have a greater 
 caft of the yellow ; the dun, fcarlet, and 
 tloo^'y bay, a greater mixture of red ; and the 
 chelnut bay, that which refeaibles the colour 
 of a chelnut, 
 
 BAY, S. [baye, Bclg. baio, Ifal.] in Geo- 
 graphy, a part oi the lea which runs into ihc 
 lanr!, and is broader in the middle than at its. 
 firft entrance, called the mouth. 
 
 BAY, S. Figuratively, the flatc of one 
 furiounded by enemies, which cannot he 
 el'caped but by making head againft them. In 
 Aichite£lure, uftd to (ignify the largennfs ot 
 a building : tlius a barn, which has a floor 
 and two head?, is called a barn and two Iwys. 
 In Botany, the Liurus, a kind of ever- green, 
 which ufed to be f(.imed into wreaths as a 
 reward for poets, &c. Hence it is ufed as a 
 token of honour and a mark of nnerit. 
 
 To BAY, V. N. [n^^ayer, Fr.] to bark at ; 
 to furround, in the fame manner as hounds do 
 their prey. 
 
 BAY-SALT, S. [from bay and fait] that 
 •which is made of fti-v.attr, exhaled by the 
 heat of the fan. 
 
 B'AY-V/INDOW, S. [from bay anrl ivin- 
 Joii<} a window which fv/ells or projects out- 
 warcs. 
 
 BAY'NARD, S. [from bay] a horfe of a 
 bay colour. 
 
 BA'YONET, S. [baycuctte, Fr.] a fl.ort 
 troad dagger made !<> nee' -1^(1)1011, with a round 
 hollow iron handli;, which goes o«er the muz- 
 zle of a mufquetj and fixes to it. It is of 
 great fervice in paffing defiles, defends the toot 
 9gainft the horfe; and, when animunition is 
 Ipent, is no bad lerourcs, 
 
 BA'Y-YARNj 3. f from bay indyarn'] yarn 
 proper for making baize. 
 
 BA'YZE, S. See BAIZE. 
 BDELIUM, S. f,5of7>?.io», Gr.] a kind of 
 aror-Tatic gum, which, according to Jofephus 
 atid Sir Walter Ri'leigh, drops from a tree rc- 
 fem'.iling an olive ; now brought from the Le- 
 vant, and mentioned inGi;«. xl 12. 
 
 To BE, V. I. [from beon, S^x.] an auxi- 
 Jiary veib, by whicii we fon.i the pafiive j 
 fometimes ui'iJ to affirm the ft^ile or condition 
 of a thing, and at otiiers its exiilen-re. To be 
 xefervcd tor a perfon future, in oppofuion to 
 prcfcnt. *' Man never ;j, but always to be 
 bictt," Ptpe. 
 
 BE, au article ufed in compofition, anr 
 borrowed from the Sax. fometimes a mere ex- 
 pletive, and o^herwifs figi>ifies ujion, about; 
 as, to he-frai:e'-, to be-J^rifikle. 
 
 BEACH, S. that part of the fca-fljore 
 wUicU is wailisd by its waves. 
 
 B E A 
 
 BE A'CHED, Adj. [from beach] that which 
 is expofed to its wsves, 
 
 BEA'CH Y, Adv. [from beach] that which 
 abounds in bsaches. 
 
 BEA'CON, S. [from beacen, or beacn, Sax. 
 a fignalj a fi|j;nal, or coitibuftibles raife.l on an 
 eminence to be fired as 'he fi^nal of an enemy's 
 approach ; fignais and marks erefted at fea, 
 for the ftcuri:y of vellels. 
 
 BEA'CONAGE, S. [from itacon] a tax 
 psid for the ui'e and m.iijitainJnce of a beacon. 
 BEAD, S. [bead, Sjt.J a fmall round piece 
 of glafs or other liibflanre, moving on a firing 
 which runs through it, ufed by thofe of the 
 Romifh church to count their fins and priyers 
 0(1: hence to tell leads, or be at one's ieaJsf 
 fignifics to be at prayers. Likewife ufed as 
 ornaments for women, snd worn round their 
 necks in necklaces. Figuratively, any thing 
 of a round or ipherical form. In Arclutcc\urc, 
 a round moulding, or aftragal, carved fo as to 
 ref:njb!e a necklace. 
 
 BL'ADLE, S. [from bydel, Sax.] a public 
 crier, herald, or mtflenger. In Law, one 
 who cites people to appear at a court j one 
 whofe office is to i-unifli, or apprehend fltol-' 
 lers, vagrants, and petty oftendcts in a parilTi, 
 At tile univerfi:y, one who walks before the 
 maftcr? in public procelllons. Squire beadles' 
 are thofe who attend peruiiary on the vice- 
 chancellor, give no'.ice of convocations at each 
 colkee, and are generally malters of arts. 
 
 BE'ADROLL, S. [from had, Sax. a 
 prayer, and rolt] a lift or catalogue of a certain 
 number of prayers for fouL of the dead, which 
 are gcner lly crunted by the members of the 
 Romilh church on their beads. 
 
 BE'ADSMAN, S. [from head and w<i«J 
 one who devotes himfelf entirely to prayer } 
 one who undertakes or profcilcs to pray for 
 another, , 
 
 BEA'GLE, \b]ggles, Fr.] in Natural 
 Hiflory, an Englifh hound, or hunting dog, 
 of a final! fize, known by ics deep found, and 
 ufed in huntinj; hares. 
 
 BEAK, S. \_bec, Fr. beck, Belg. becco, Ital. 
 pig, Brit. J the bill of a bird, or any thing 
 which tefembles it. In Geovjraphy, a (harp 
 promontory, like the fpout of a cup, fo called 
 from its refembling the beak of a bird. 
 
 BE'AKED, Adj. [from beak] (harp point- 
 ed, re'.'embling the beak of a bird. 
 
 BEAL, Si [boVa, Ita!.] a pimple, or any 
 eruption in thi fkin, which raifes or^protube- 
 rates beyond it j a walk. 
 
 REAM, S. [Sa.-<. boom, Belg. bauvi, Teut. 
 a tice] in Building, a large piece of wood lying 
 acrois the wails of a bulidmg, furporting the 
 princip..l rafters of the too;. Applied to a 
 oalance, that piece of ircn, (^c. which fup- 
 ports the .''cales. Among Weavers, a cylin- 
 d.ical pieciof wood placed length- v/ays on the 
 bici- part of the loom, on v. lixh the threads 
 of the *->rp are rolled, and unto! as the work 
 I advances i hkewife the cylinder, or round 
 
 piece
 
 B E A 
 
 piece of wood, on which the RuffU rolled, as 
 it is weaved, pi iced on the forepart of the 
 loom ; a ray ot lieiu darted or emitted from 
 any luminous body. Applied to an anchor, 
 the ftiaightpart or (hank, to which the hooks 
 are fattened. Beam conipajjii are made with 
 fliding fockets, to draw circles with very long 
 radii, and ufed in drawing wall dials. 
 
 To BEAM, V. N. [from beam, Sax. a 
 ray of light] to emit or dart rays. 
 
 BE'AMV, Adj. [irombeam, a rsy of light] 
 that which darts rays ; fhining ; radiant. 
 Applied to deer, having hums 3 fiom beavi, 
 Sax. a tree. 
 
 BEAN, S. [bean, ikn, Sax, taun, 111. 
 ioone, Belg. bohr.e, bone, Teut. bonne, Dan.j 
 in Botany, a kind of pulfe. The germen be- 
 comes a long compreffed leathery poj, con- 
 taining compreffed kidney-fliaped feeds. The 
 Windfor bean is the beft. 
 
 To BEAR, V. A. in its primary fenfe, to 
 fupport, ftand under, or carry a burden j to 
 deliver or carry ; to wear. Ufed with name, 
 to go by. " Bcre that nanie.^^ Dryd, To 
 fupport, fuftain, or keep from falling J to en- 
 dure ; to permit, or fuiTer without refentment; 
 to produce, or bring forth. Joined with/f/?;'- 
 vtony, to give ; " Your tejlimony bear,^' Dryd, 
 Joined with charges, to defray, or pay ; 
 *' Somewhat that will bear your charges,^'' 
 Dryd. To carry away by violence. Joined 
 with down, to overcome, or carry along with 
 one like a torrent. " He bore dotun all oppo- 
 fition." To bear a head, in Diftillery, to /hew 
 itfelf to be proof by frothing v/hen ihook. To 
 tear a body, m Painting, capable of being well 
 ground down, and mixing with oil, fo as not 
 to (hew any grits or particles. Joined to price, 
 to fell weil, or at a certain value. To endure 
 the frowns of adverf:ty ; to fuft'er without re- 
 monftrance, er complaint. To produce fruit, 
 applied to vegetables. In Navigation, ufed 
 with in, to fail towards. Joined to "ivitb, tn 
 endure, im'r>lying feme reluftance j " To^t;^'- 
 ti'ith my abrence." 
 
 BEAR, S. in Natural Hiftory, a wild beaft 
 with long fhaggy hairs, hooked claws, fceoing 
 on fruits, honey, beer, and flefli. The fe- 
 males go on longer than thirty dayf, when 
 they eenerally produce five young ones. Bear, 
 in A*,ronomy, is applied to two conftcUati- 
 ons in the northern hemifphere, called the 
 greater and the lefs. In the tail of the lad is 
 the pole ftar, neves diflant above tv,'o deg. 
 from the pole, 
 
 BEARD, S. [beard, Sax. haerd, Belg. bart, 
 Teut.] the hair v.hich grows on a pejfon's 
 checks, iips, and chin, which has given no 
 Imall caiife of ccntentionin the military,civil, 
 and ecclefialric world. The Chinefe are very 
 for.d of long ones, but nature having been 
 Veiy fparing to them, they look on the Euro- 
 peins as very greit men on account of this ad- 
 vintage. Applied to vegetables, it fignifies 
 the prickles which grow on the ears ot cora. 
 
 B E A 
 
 In an arrow, it is the barb, or forked point at 
 the head. In Aftronomy, the bearer o/a comer, 
 is the rays emitted towards the part to which 
 it moves. 
 
 To BEARD, V. A. [from beard] to take 
 a perfnn by the beard, including the iiiea of 
 ftrength, and contempt in the agent. Figuri" 
 tively, to oppofe publicly; to der'y a perfon. 
 
 BE'ARDED, Adj. [from beard] applied 
 to perfons, one who has a beard. Applied to 
 vegetables, that which has long ears, lik© 
 thefe growing on the esrs of corn. Applied 
 to inftruments, that which is forked like a 
 filhhook, not eafily to be pulled out ; jagged. 
 
 BE'ARDLESS, Adj. [from beard an6 lefs] 
 without a beard. Figuratively, young, or not 
 arrived to the ftate of manhood, 
 
 BE'ARER, S. [from b^ar and er] one who 
 carries, or conveys a thing from one to another. 
 One who fupports, orfuftains, applied to dig- 
 nity. That which produces or yields fruit, 
 applied to veeetaijies. 
 
 * BEA'RGARDEN, S. [from L-annigar- 
 den] a place wherein bears are kept for diver- 
 fion. Figuratively, any place where low di- 
 verfions are exhibited, and tumult and confu- 
 iion are cuftomary. 
 
 BEA'RING, S. [from bear] the aft of 
 fupporting a weight ; the carrying a burden. 
 In Geography and Navigation, the ftuation 
 of one place to another, with regard to the 
 points of the compifs. In Arch;te£ture, the 
 fpace between the two fixed extremes, if it has 
 no other fupport ; or that between one ex- 
 treme and a pert, £ff, trimmed up to (horten 
 its bearing. 
 
 BEAS r, S, [bete, Fr. from lejlla, Lat,] 
 an animal not endued with reafon, generally 
 four-footed, and haung no other covering or 
 drefs, but that which nature has furniflied ic 
 with. Figuratively, a perfnn who iiks in- 
 confiftent with the chara(fter of a rational 
 creature. 
 
 BE'ASTLINESS, S. [irom beaflly and»f/i] 
 that which is unworthy of a manj indecent, 
 nafly, and highly difguftlul. 
 
 BE'ASTLY, Adv. [i'tomieajiini ly] that 
 which refembles a bealf, either in its forna, 
 or other of its peculiar qualities. 
 
 To BEAT, V. A. (betananA beatan, SaK. 
 bete, RufT. battre, Fr. the pret. bntt, and part, 
 p.fr. beaten] to ftrike a peifun; to pound, or 
 reduce to powder; to forge ; to fubdue, over- 
 come, or vanqui/l] j to mix together by violenc 
 llirring. Ufed with the particle doivn, to leflTea 
 the price. Ufed with brains, at bead, to apply 
 one's thoughts to a difficult fuhjeft. " To 
 beat his brains about things impornble.'' 
 Hayw. " Waile his tiros, and be.it bis head 
 abtiut the Latin Grammar. Lccke. Neuterly, 
 to move, or throb, applied to the pulfe, or 
 the heart. To beat up forfu'diers, to go a- 
 bout with a drum, in order to raife recruits. 
 The word ;./ is an cxpljiive, and might be 
 kft out. 
 
 K BE.\T,
 
 B E A 
 
 BEAT, Part. paff. [from leat] violently 
 
 attacked; ftruck. 
 
 BEAT, S. [from the verb] a ftroke ; the 
 found made by a drum, when ftruck by the 
 flicks; the firoke or throb of the puU'e, or 
 the heart. 
 
 BE'ATEN, Part, pafl". [from beat] con- 
 qutred, or vaiiquiihcd by an enemy ; often trod, 
 fo as to hinder the grafs from growing, ap- 
 plied to a pjth. 
 
 BE'ATER, S. [from heat and er] an in- 
 ftruKient by which blows or flrokes are given ; 
 a peftle. " Beat at yLurmotiai w'nh 3i Lea!er," 
 Moxor., 
 
 BEATI'FIC, or BEATI'FICAL, Adj. 
 [healifcus, from icalus, Lat. happy J that which 
 can render a peifon compleatiy happy. Ufed 
 ty divine;, for the b!if^ of heaven. 
 
 BEATI'FICALLY, Adv. [from ieatlf.al 
 and ly] in fuch a niin/ier as to make a perfon 
 perfectly happy. 
 
 BEATIFIC A'TION, S. [from beatijjc] in 
 the Rornifh clmrch, an acknowledgment that 
 a perfon is in he^v-n, and may be.efteemed as 
 blell'eJ ; but not allowed the honours of faints, 
 conferrel by canonization. 
 
 To BEA'TIFY, V. A. [from heatus, Lat. 
 und Jio, to make] to make perfeftly happy; 
 to blefs with a place in the heavenly rnanfions. 
 
 BE'ATING, S. [from ieat] punilhment 
 inflidtd by blows. 
 
 BE.^'TITUDE, S. [ieat}tuiio, Lat.] in Di- 
 vinity, a ilate of perfect ha(»pinefs, fiee from 
 defcdl or interruption, applied to that of the 
 deceafed faints and angels in heaven. 
 
 BE.'^TS, S. in Clock or Watch-work, the 
 flrokes made by the fangs or pallat of the 
 fpindle of the balance, or of the pads, in a 
 royal pendulum. 
 
 BEAU, S. [Fr. pronounced l>o, and has the 
 French plural ieaux} an effeminate perfon ot 
 the male (ex, v. hoib pafTiunately fond of drefs. 
 
 BEA'VER, S. [bie-vre, Fr. tebcr, Sclav. 
 iaber, Perf, teber, Luf. befoi-, befcr Sax. bejf- 
 der, Dan. bt-vtr, Belg.] in Natur^-.l Hiftoiy, 
 an animal which lives fometimes by land, and 
 Ibmetimes by water, about {( feet long, and 
 weighs from 40 to 60 lb. Its hair is either 
 brown, white, or black ; that on the t'clly is 
 of a very fine down, about an inch long, and 
 is iiitd tor hats. Its tail refcmbles that of 
 a fi/h more thaii any land animal, fervesit in- 
 flead of a trowel n buiidin;;, and of a rudder 
 in fwimming. Figur?ti»ely, ^cj^'er is ufed for 
 a hat made entirely of fea-ver^s hair. Like- 
 wife th;.t part of the helmet which covers the 
 tace, fri^m the Fr. hariire. 
 
 BEaU''1.SH, S. [pronounced bo-'ijh, from 
 heau ar,0 ijh} refembling a beau ; cflcminate- 
 ]y nice ; loppifli. 
 
 BEAU'f ECUS, Adj. [from beautyl that 
 which is formed with fo much elegai,ce and 
 Jymmetry, as to raife an agreeable fenfdiion 
 »»i the mind. 
 
 BE Ali'TEOUSLY, Adv. [from bcuutsQUi 
 
 BED 
 
 and ly] in fuch a manner as to raife an ideacf 
 regular features, finenefs of fhape, and elc" 
 ranee of complexion. 
 
 BEAU'TIFUL, S. [from beauty and/«/J 
 that which has all the fymmetry of parts ne/- 
 cefTary to convey the idea of beauty, applied 
 both to perfons and things. 
 
 To BEAU'TIFY, V. A. [from beauty and 
 jio, Lat. to make] that which recommends 
 any thing to the love or approbation of a per- 
 fon by heightening or increafing its charms. 
 
 BEA'UTY, S. bcaute, Fr.] a certain com^ 
 pofition of colour and ligure, which raifes de- 
 light and approbation in the beholder. Figu- 
 ratively, applied to Mufic, Morals, Painting, 
 Architefture, Statuary, and Literary compo- 
 fitions, implying an idea of excellence in the 
 objeft, capable of raifing delight in the mind. 
 A perfon bleft with all that fymmetry of fea- 
 tures, &c. that raife delight in the mind of a 
 beholder, and extort approbation by its excel- 
 lencies. 
 
 BEA'UTY-SPOT, S. [from beauty and 
 fpot] fomething artfully made ufe of to 
 heighten the charms of a perfon ; a patch. 
 
 To BECA'LM, V. A. [from be, SaX. pre- 
 fix, and cabn] to reduce a flormor tempeftuous 
 commotion of the elements to reft and quiet- 
 nefs. Figuratively, to pacify the turbulent 
 paflions that difturb the mind. 
 
 BECA'aSE, Conj. [from be, Sax, prefix, 
 and cauje] ufed to imply a reafon, or caufe of 
 an alfertion or truth which comes before it. 
 
 BECHICS, S. [8r,^i)ia., of Sr.!^, Gr. a 
 cough] in Pharmacy, medicines _to relieve a 
 coujih. 
 
 BECK, S. an external fign, generally fuch 
 as is made with the head. 
 
 To BE'CKEN, V. A. to make figns to a 
 perfon to approach, or come to one. Ufed 
 with the particle to. 
 
 To BE'COME, V. A. [pret. I became, 
 comp. pret. / ha-ve become ; thus <:*:t-'iw<jn, Goth, 
 to come, makes czcam, in the pret. fron* 
 whence this word feems derived, with be, the 
 Sax. prefix, a mere expletive in compofitionj 
 to be made ; to grow ; to alter or change fron» 
 one flare to another. Ufed with of, to hap- 
 pen, to fall out, to be the end of. "What 
 will become nf me ? Dryd. This phrafe is ge- 
 nerally ufed with the interrogative pSrtidc 
 •what. 
 
 To BE'COME, V. A. [from be and civi- 
 man, Sax. to pleafe, hequem, Teut. fit or pro- 
 per] applied to perfons, to appear worthy of ^ 
 to adurn, or grace. Applied to things, to fuit; 
 to be proper for; to agree, or be fo adapted ta 
 the circumftances of a perfon as to be graceful. 
 
 BEt O'MING, Part, [irom become'] that 
 which acquires a grace from its fuitablenefs or 
 profperity. 
 
 BECO'MINGLY, Adv. [from becoming 
 and iy] in fuch a manner as to luit thecircum- 
 ffances, rank, and charafler of a perlon, 
 
 Ii£D, S, [bed, 111. tuid, Sax. btdde, Belg. 
 
 tttij
 
 BED 
 
 leH, Teut.j a place defigned for a perfon to 
 fleep, or lay on, made of a facking covering, 
 ftuffed with feathers, flocks, &c. Figuratively, 
 lodging ; marriage. In Gardening, a piece ot 
 made ground, enriched with dung, i^c. for 
 .raifing plants, and other vegetable; ; ihe chan- 
 nel of any river. In Natural Hirtory, a range 
 er layer of earth, or mineral fubftince; a 
 ftratum. To be brongb: to bed of a foil, to be 
 delivered of", &c. To make a bed, to fliake it, 
 lay the cloaths fmooth, and make it fit to be 
 laid on. Bed, in Gunnery, a folid piece of oak, 
 hollowed in the middle, to receive the breech 
 and halt" the trunnions. 
 
 To BED, V. A. [from the noun, hedden, 
 Teut] to olace in a bed ; to goto bed. 
 
 To BEDA/BBLE, S. [from be and dabble] 
 to wet, fo as to occafion inconvenience and 
 uneafinefs. 
 
 To BEDA'GGLE, [from be and daggle] to 
 daub, dirt, or plafh ths bottom of a garment, 
 by walking carekfly in wet weather, and not 
 holding it up. 
 
 To BEDA'SH, V. A. [from be and da/h] 
 to wet a perfon with water by beating it with 
 a ftick, or carting a ftone in for that purpofe. 
 To BEDA/WB, V. A. [from be and daivb] 
 to cover a thing with dirt. Figuratively, to 
 apply or lay on paint in a rough and ignorant 
 manner. 
 
 To BEDA'ZZLE, V. A. [from be and 
 ^flxz/f] to overpower the fight by too much 
 briehtnefs or luftre. 
 
 BE'D-CHAMBER, S. [from /Wand cham- 
 ber] a room furniilied v^ith a bed, and fet apart 
 for fleeping in. Lords of the bed-chamher are lo, 
 of the firft rank, who attend, in their turns, 
 one week in the king's bed-chamber, laying on 
 a pallet-bed all night, and waiting on him 
 whenever he eats in private. The firft of them 
 is called the gro'^m of the Jiole. 
 
 BED-CLOi'ATHS, S. [itc^mbed?.n^chaihs] 
 the blankets, quilt, coverlid, &c. which are 
 fpre.id over a be<t. 
 
 To BI'/DECK, V. A. [from be and deck] 
 to embcilifh ; to adorn ; to grace. 
 
 To BE/DEW, V, A. [from ^f and dezv] to 
 moiflen, by fprinklingj in allufion to the I 
 mjnner in wliich the dew moiflens the earth 
 and v<;t£et3bles. 
 
 BED f E'LLOW, S. [from bedinifelloiv} 
 one who lie'; in the faine bed with another. 
 
 BE'DrORDSHlRE, S, one of the coun- 
 ties of England. It is bounded on the S, and 
 S, E. by He'tfordfhire ; on the N. and N- E. 
 hy the fliires of Huntington and Cambridge ; 
 on the N. W. by Northampton/hire, and on 
 the W. by Buckinghamfhire. It is twenty- 
 two miles Lng, not quite fifteen broad. It 
 contains 323 fquare mile?, nine hundreds, ten 
 TTi'-rket towns, and 124 parirties, all in the 
 diocef- nf Linoln, The air of this county is 
 irild and f lubrious j the foil is a deep clay, 
 a.'id abounds in corn and pafture in the nor- 
 tjjwfi farts, but fandy in the midd?, eff ecially 
 
 BEE 
 
 fromWoodburn toPotton,witha ucJgeof hil.'Sj 
 covered with woods. Its rivers nre the Oufe 
 and the Ivell. In this county are very few 
 manufaflures, ex. ept thp e of ftraw hats, and. 
 bone lace. Its forefts and f arks are well ftock'd 
 with deer, and other game. Its fit paftuieS 
 abounding with cattle, produce great quanti- 
 ties of butter and cheefe. Here is fullers 
 earth, with woad for dyin<T, and plenty 0? 
 poultry. It fends only four members to par.? 
 liament, two of which are for Bedford town, 
 which givts its naine to the county, which 
 has no citv in it. 
 
 To BEDI'GHT, V. A. [from be and dlght'} 
 to fet oft' with drefs, or other external orna-» 
 ments. 
 
 To BEDI'M, V. A. [from be and dim] to 
 darken, to obfcure by great briehtnefs. 
 
 BE'DING, S. [bed'wge, Sax.] the bed, 
 blankets, quilt, coverlid, &c. which are en 3 
 beH-fte>d. 
 
 BED'LAM, S. [formerly fpelt Bethlehem, a 
 religious houfe near ^'loor-gate, in London, 
 converted into an hofpital for mad people ; its 
 modern name may be derived from bettler, 
 Teut. a beggar, and bam, a dwelling] a houfe 
 fee apart for the abode and cure of mad people, 
 BED'LAM, Adj. [from the noun] belong- 
 ing to a mad-houfe. 
 
 BEDLAMI'TE, S. [from Bedlam] an in- 
 habitant of Bedam ; a mad perfon. 
 
 BED'MAKER, S. [from bed and maker] 3 
 perfon who makes beds. 
 
 BED'POST, S. [from bed and pofl] the 
 port at the head or foot of a bed, which fup.? 
 ports the tefter or canopy. 
 
 BED'.PRESSER, S. [horn bed &nA preffer} 
 a perfon fond of laying in bed j a heavy, lazy 
 teilow. 
 
 To BEDRA'GGLE, V. A. [from *« dnd 
 draggle] to dirt, or foil the lower part of a' 
 garment, by letting it drag in the dirt. 
 
 To BEDRE'NCH, V, A. [from be and 
 drench] to foak with an abundance of fome 
 fluid. 
 
 BED-RI'D, Adj, [from bed and rid] con- 
 fined to one's bed by age. 
 
 BED-RI'DDEN, Adj. [from bed and rid-, 
 din] one who, being worn out by age or fick- 
 nefs, is unable to quit his bed. 
 
 BEE, S, {beo. Sax. h], Dan. been, Beig, 
 haedJ, Brit.] in Natural Hiftory, a fmall in-t 
 feft, whnfe indurtry is become proverbial, 
 
 BEECH, S. lece. Sax.] a tree, from whofe 
 fruit an oilis extradcd, much efteemed by th« 
 French. 
 
 BEE'CHEN, Adj. [bucer.a. Sax.] confiftinf 
 of beech ; belonging to beech. 
 
 BEER, S. [here, Sax. bier. Germ, harley, 
 ber, Brit.j a liquor prcpiired from irijlt and 
 hops, and rendered vinous by fi;rmentation. 
 
 BEEF, S. [bxuf, Fr.] the flefh of black 
 cattle. drelTcd up for the markets. 
 
 BEEF-EATER, S, [frpm beef and to Mf] 
 a vegman of the gyard.
 
 B E H 
 
 BE'SOM, S. [befm, befma, Sax. hefem,' 
 Teut. and Belg.] a houfliold inftrument, more 
 generally called a broim, ufed by wemen to 
 fwei-p the duft off the ground. 
 
 BEET, S. [from beta, Lat.] the name of a 
 plant, of which there are it^cn fpecies. It is 
 boiled like parfnips, and often makes one o^ 
 the ingredients of a foop. 
 
 BEETLE, S. [hytel. Sax.] an infeft that 
 flies about in fummer evenings, having four 
 wings, the two outward being only iheaths for 
 the other: they are black, and abound in damp 
 places, fuch as vaults under ground ; alfo a 
 great fledge, ufed to beat down piles, ftakes, 
 wedges, &c. a wooden mallet, made ufe of in 
 beating hemp. 
 
 To BEE'TLE, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 fet out ; to hang over. 
 
 To BEFA'LL, V. N. [from be and /a//] to 
 happen. This word is moft commonly taken 
 in a bad fenfe. 
 
 To BE'FIT, V. A. [of ^« and//] to fuit ; 
 to tally with. 
 
 To BEFO'OL, V. A. [of be and foci] to 
 delude ; likewife to deride, and treat a pcrfon 
 as a fool. 
 
 BEFO'RE, Prep. [b\foran, Sax.] in the 
 front, or fore-part, applied to fpace. 
 BEFO'RE, Adv. earlier in time. 
 To BEFOU/L, V. A. [of be and foul] to 
 daub, fmear, or dirt. 
 
 To BEFRIE'ND, V. A. \o( hizuifneni] 
 to do a kindnefs to a perfon j to confer a fa- 
 vour. 
 
 To BEG, V. N. [beggncn, Teut.] to pray, 
 Intreat, petition, or crave charity, fcivour, or 
 alTiflance. 
 
 To BEGE'T, y. A. [prefer I begot, or be 
 
 gat, I hai-t begoUcn, or begot ; bigitair, h'lgat- 
 
 tyn, begettan, bax.] to generate, orpring forth. 
 
 BEGE'TTER, S. [from beget anA er,] he 
 
 that generates, or gets a child. 
 
 BE'GGAR, S. [See To BEG] one that 
 lives upon charity. 
 
 To BEGGAR, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 reduce a perfon from plenty to want. 
 
 BEG'GARLINESS, S. [irom beggarly znd 
 nejs] a quality which would permit a perfon 
 to fubmit to any meannefs, for the fake of a 
 fubfiftence. 
 
 BE'GGARLY, Adj. indigent. 
 BE'GGARLY, Adv. [from beggar and />■] 
 in a poor abjeft manner. 
 
 BE'GG.a^RY, S. extreme poverty. 
 To BEGl'N, V A. lo enter upon a thing. 
 BEGl'NNER, S. [from the verb] he that 
 jives the firfl: caufe or original to a thing. 
 BEGI'RT, Part, tied, or bound round. 
 To BEGUl'LE, V. A. [bigalian. Sax. to 
 inchant, orfeducej to cheat, impofe upon, or 
 deceive, 
 
 BEGUN, Part. oalT. of begin. 
 BEHALF, S. [from if and half] intereftj 
 fide j party. To fpeak on a perlori's behalf, to 
 ff uk in his favour. 
 
 B E 1 
 
 To BEHA'VE, V. A. [blhaavan, Luf.] t* 
 demean, aft, or conduft one's felf. 
 
 BEHA'VIOUR, S. [{lombehavi] a man'* 
 condu£V, or deportment. 
 
 To BEHE'AD, V. A. to cut off a perfon's 
 head. In Europe, this is thepunifhment of the 
 great and nobly born. In China it is the pu- 
 nifliment of the lower fort of people, whilft 
 their fuperiors are hanged on account of theiT 
 quality. 
 
 BEHE'LD, Part. pafT. from behold, which 
 feems to be a kind of tranfpofition from the 
 Saxon, wherein the preter is bold, and the pre- 
 lent healdan, 
 
 BEHE'ST, S, [from he and hefi, of hafa. 
 Sax. a command, keifen, Teut. to command] 
 the pofitive commands of a fuperior to an in- 
 ferior. 
 
 BEHITSfD, Prep, [of bt and h'mdan. Sax. 
 h'tndana, and h'tndar, Goth. Linden and blr.dtrf 
 Belg. and Teut.] at a perfon's back j back- 
 wards. "The Benjamites looked hehiTid ihtm.^* 
 Judges XX. 40. Following, remaining after 
 a perfon's departure, or death. Applied to mo- 
 tion, at a diftance from that which moves or 
 joes before, ufed with th-e verb /wj/f ; "It 
 lea-ves our fenfe beiyind." Dryd. Ufed com- 
 paratively, it implies great inferiority, or lefa 
 worth. Ufed adverbially, it implies f«me- 
 thing not yet difcovered or perceived by the 
 mind. " We cannot be fure that there is n» 
 evidence behind, and yet unfeen." Locke. 
 
 BEHFND-HAND, Adv. [from behindit\i. 
 hand] applied to perfons who live beyond their 
 ir.come, and arc in debt. Ufed r-s an adjeftive 
 in this fenfe by Shakcfpear, "My behindhand 
 flackens." 
 
 To BEHO'LD, V. A. [hebealdan. Sax.] to 
 take a view of a perfon ; to have a perfon in 
 fight, including the idea of attention, or look- 
 ing on him for feme time. 
 
 BEHO'LD, an intcrjeftion of the fame 
 force with lo, 
 
 " Beholdhovf fmallthat portion of the ball, 
 " Where faint at befl the beams of fcience 
 
 " fall." Po/.e. 
 BEHO'LDEN, Part, [from behold] indebt- 
 ed to ; lying under an obligation to a perfon. 
 
 BEHO'LDER, S. [from behold md ei] one 
 who cafts his eyes upon an objeft. 
 
 BEH0'LD1NG,'S. obligation. This word 
 is feldom ufed by elegant writers, 
 
 BEHO'OF, S. [from bdo-^-e, bihifts, Sa». 
 gain] an obligation which a perfon lies under j 
 alfo the prolir, benefit, or advantage whicb 
 may accrue from any thing. " In my behuof." 
 Shakefp. 
 
 To BEHO'OVE, V. N. [from behefatb, 
 Sax.] to be incumbent on a perfon as a duty j 
 or to be fit and fuitable in point of conve- 
 nience, 
 
 BE'ING, [the particip. of the verb to be] 
 " As being the contrary." Milt. 
 
 BE'iNG, S. aa ablUadlteim, fignifyingthe
 
 BEL 
 
 exiftence of a thing t thus we fay, the Su- ' 
 preme Be'tr.^ -^ a finite Being, &c. 
 
 BE'JNG^Conj. [from be] fince. 
 
 To BELA'BOUR, V. A. [oi be^n&la- 
 hour] to beat a pcrfon feverely : a low and vul 
 gar expreflion. 
 
 To BELA'CE, V. A. in Navigation, to 
 mend a rope, by laying one end over another. 
 
 BELA'T£D, Adj. [from be and late] be- 
 nighted j ufed to exprefs fomething which 
 ought to have been done, but was omitted at a 
 period part. 
 
 _ To BELA'Y, V. N. [from he and lay] to 
 lie in ambufh ; or to lie in wait for. 
 
 To BELA'Y, V. A. [from beleygen, Belg.] 
 in Navigation, to fatten. 
 
 To BELCH, V. A. [healcan, bakettan, 
 Sax.] to break wind upwards. 
 
 BELCH, S. [from the verb] the aft of 
 breaking wind upwards. 
 
 BE'LDAM, [from belle dame, Fr.] a name 
 given in derifipn to an old woman. 
 
 To BELEA'GUER, V. A. [hellegeren, 
 Eelg.] to block up, or befiege a place. 
 
 BELEMNl'TES, [from QeXai;, Gr. becaufe 
 of its refemblance to an arrow] in Natural 
 Hiftory, arrowhead, or finger- ftone, of a 
 whitifh, and fometimes a gold colour. 
 
 BELIE'F, S. the affent of the mind to, or 
 the aomi'.ting or receiving any propofition for 
 true, on arguments ufed to perfuade us to re- 
 ceive it as fuch, without certain knowledge 
 that it is fo ; the articles aflented to by a per- 
 fon ; the heads of a petfon's religion 5 the 
 things believed. 
 
 To BELIEVE, V. A. \geleafan, Sax. from 
 ^e and lyfun, Sax. to yield to an argument, or 
 grant the truth of a thing] to affert to the 
 truth of a propofition founded on probable ar- 
 guments ; to put a confidence in the veracity 
 or truth of any one. 
 
 BELIE'VER, S. [from believe and «r] 
 one who gives affent or credit to a thing; 
 one who aflents to the truth of Chriftianity, 
 upon the probable arguments produced in its 
 favour. 
 
 BELPKE, Adv. [from he and like'] perhaps j 
 f robably. 
 
 BELL, S. [hell. Sax.] a'popular machine, 
 pr veflel, ranked by muficians among the in- 
 ftrumcnts of percufTion j made of a compound 
 metal of tin and copper, or pewter and copper, 
 in the proportion of 20 lb. of pewter, or 23 lb. 
 of tin, to 100 wt. of copper J hung in fti-eples 
 of churches and in houles. Its lound arifes 
 from a vibratory motion of its parts, like 
 that of a mufical chord ; for the ftroke of the 
 jirlapper changing its circumference from a 
 round to a fpherical form, which by elafticity 
 endeavouring to recover its former fhape, un 
 dergoes alternate changes of figure, and by 
 that means give a tremulous motion to the 
 air, in which found confjfls. Thofe of the 
 Egyptians are made of wood. Tlie Tuiks 
 have a very great averfion 19 bells, and pr*©- 
 
 BEL 
 
 h'bit Chtiftlans the ufe of them in Conftanti- 
 nople, pretending that the found of them 
 would be troublefome to the fouls of the de- 
 parted. To bear the bdl, is to fupprefs others, 
 or to be the firfl: in merit. 
 
 To BELL, V. N. [fiom the noun] in Bo- 
 tany, to grew in the fliape of bells. " Hops, 
 'n the beginning of Auguft, bell.''' Mortlm. 
 
 BELLE, S. [from belle, the feminine of 
 beau, Fr. fine] a perfon who drelles with ele- 
 gance, behaves with gentility, and has all ihe 
 polite accomplilhments that can adorn a lady. 
 BE'LLES LETTRES, S. thofe branches 
 of education that polifh and adorn the mind. 
 Languages, clafllcal learning, both Greek 
 and Latin, Geography, Rhetoric, Chronology, 
 and Hiftory may be accounted the chief parts 
 of learning contained under this term. 
 
 BELL-FA'S HIONEDj Adj. that which 
 refembles a bdl in its fhape. 
 
 BE'LL-FOUNDER, S. a perfon who calls 
 bells. 
 
 BE'LLFRY. S. that part of the ileeple of 
 a church in which bells are rung : probably a 
 corruption of the French word Biffroy, a ftce- 
 ple, or tower of a church. 
 
 BEL'LIGERENT, Part, [from W/«?;r,Lat. 
 war, and gcrcr.s, Lat. waging] a modern term, 
 that which is at war; that which is engaged 
 in war, 
 
 BELLI'GEROUS, Adj. engaged in, or 
 waging war. 
 
 EEL'LING, Part, [a corruption of helloiv- 
 'ng, or bellan, Sax.] appHed to the noife made 
 by a doe at rutting time. 
 
 BE'LL-MAN, S. from W/and Kan] a fu- 
 perior kind of watchman, with a bell which 
 he rings at certain places in his parifli, before 
 he repeats fome verfesontheeves of a feftival. 
 In country towns, applied to the crier, wh» 
 bears a bell_j which he rings, to give notice to 
 the neighbourhood, before he makes his pro- 
 clamation. 
 
 BELL-METAL, S. [from belUnd metal} 
 the metal of which bells are made. 
 
 BELL'ON A, S. in Mythology, the fifter of 
 Mars, and goddefs of war. When war wa» 
 proclaimed, the herald fet a fpear upon a pillar 
 before her temple; th?- prieftefles, in their de*- 
 votions to her, Ijfed tp cut tliemfelves with 
 knives, to render her propitious. 
 
 To BE'LLOW, V. A. [Wan, Sax. balo, 
 Lat.J to make a very loud noilje; applied to 
 that of a bull, the lea in a ftorm, or the out- 
 cries of human creatures ; but, in the lall fenfe, 
 includes the ide i of tnntempt. 
 
 BE'LLOVVS, S. (btleg, Sjx] an inftru- 
 mcnr, into which air is alternately orawn and 
 expelled, rulhing io at fomc aperuires in its 
 bottom Called feeders, and ludiing out of a 
 metal tube called its muzzle. Theii ufe in in- 
 creafing the power of fire is weil known. 
 
 BE'LLV, S, [bellig, Sax. ba/g, hakh, Belg. 
 tola, Brit,] that part of the body which reach- 
 es from the breaft to the (hi^hSj and contains 
 K 3 t^w
 
 S E L 
 
 t!ie fhtra'ls both in men and hearts; ufed fi- 
 guratively, fiir eluttOiiv, or luxury in eating. 
 
 To BE'LLY, V. N. [from the nounj ro 
 fwell ; io proiuberate, applied to the thing 
 •which grows hrger in one part than it is in 
 another. 
 
 - BE'LLY- ACHE, [from hcUy and ache, of 
 art, Sax. a pain] a pain in the belly, arifing 
 fioiTi wind or other flatulencies; the cliolir. 
 
 BELLY-EOU'ND, Adj. [from hellj and 
 bcu>:d\ afrscled with cofiivenefs. 
 
 BE'LLYFUL, S. [from helly and fill] a 
 fufficiency of food, or as much as takes aw.y 
 the fenfation of hunger, and fatisfies the ap 
 petite. 
 
 BE'LLY-PINCHED, Adj. [from W/^ and 
 p'wch] denied> or in want of fufficient food ; 
 hungry. 
 
 BE'LLY ROLL, S. [from M/y and rc/l] in 
 Hufbandry, a roller or cylinder, madeufeof to 
 I'oll ground after it is plov.'ed. " Roll it with 
 a telly-roll that goes between the ridges." 
 
 Mrrt'wi. 
 
 BE'LLY-TIMBER, S. \frnm ie'ly and 
 t'lmier'j food, or that which fuffices hunger, and 
 fupports the human fabric, in the fanle manner 
 as props or timber does a building. *' Founded 
 in vour leUy-thnf^ery Prior. 
 
 BE'LLY-WORM,S.[from ^r-Z/yand 7vcr,n] 
 a worm which breeds in the belly or entrails. 
 
 To BELO'NG, V. N. [h!ar,gen, o::hiige», 
 Belg.] to be the property of a perfon. " A 
 field hlorgirg to Boaz." Ru'h ii. 3. To have 
 relation to, applied to the heads of a difcourfe. 
 To be dependent on as a fubjeiS, or dorneftic, 
 *' To v.h -m hil'^rgefi thou ?" i Sam. xxx. 13. 
 To be appropriated to ; to have for its pecu- 
 liar objeft. 
 
 BELO'VED, Part, [from hekfe, which is 
 hardly ever ufL-d, though nothing an b: more 
 frequent than theufeof the participle; thus we 
 fay, you are bek-.-ed by me, but never I behvc 
 youj carefTed v/ith the greateft warmth of 
 kind afl'edlion, as an ohjedl worthy to be be- 
 loved. " This is my bclo'ved (an,^^ Mat. iii. 17 
 ■ BELO'W, Prep, [from be and loiv, of /a, 
 or loh, Br-lg] applied to a place, not fo high 3s 
 another olijctt. Applied to dignity or excel* 
 lence, inferior. Applied to charafter, or rank, 
 unbecoming on account of its meannefs : unfit 
 or degrading on account of its bafenefs or vl- 
 cioufnefs. " 'Tis much heknu me." Dryd. 
 Uled adverbially, in a low fituation, or nearer 
 to the e.'.rth. On earth, when oiipofed to 
 above, fignifying hesven ; the regions of woe ; 
 hell. '•' Profperous traitors, gnjlh their tee;h 
 ielozi'.'" Ticiell. 
 
 BEI.SW.A'GCER, S. [from bel, Fr. fine, 
 and fvjagger,. of jufger, Dan. one v.'ho ftrnts 
 with pridej one who makes a noife, and puts 
 en an .I'r of importance. 
 
 BELT, S. [belt, or belte, Sax. and Dan 
 ha'fei/i, Lat.j a girdle f.iflencd round a per 
 foil's middle. When a fword i, huRg to it, i 
 is called a Jivord belt. In Alhonomy, two 
 
 BED 
 
 bright Hjarks like girdles furrounding the boJj^ 
 of the planet Juniter. 
 
 BE'LWETHER, S. \iron\ bell aniiuetber} 
 a flieep, which keeps the reft of the flock to- 
 gether, and draws them after him by the 
 found of a bell hanging to his neck. 
 
 To l'.I.'LY, V. A. [a compound of iff and 
 /v] to invent a falrtiood ; to feign ; to calum- 
 niate ; and to mifreprefent. 
 
 To BEMI'RE, V. A. [from bt and tn\re\ 
 to daub, or cover with dirt. 
 
 BEMl'RED, Part, [from bemrel covered 
 with diit. Figuratively, ftuck or finking irt 
 a dirty or bo^igy pbce. 
 
 To BE MO' AN, V. A. [from be and moatt, 
 bitmoenan, Sax.] to exprefs forrow for any dif- 
 after or calamity. 
 
 BEMO'ANER, S. [from bemoamnA er]on& 
 who pities, laments, or is afFefted with for*' 
 row, on account of the difafters of another. 
 
 To BEMO'IL, V. A. [from be and moil, 
 oi inoiiiUer, Fr.J to bedaub; to fall, to be roll- 
 ed in, or encumbered with dirt. 
 
 To BEMO'NSTER, V. A. [from be and 
 mar.fler\ to fpoil the proportions of a thing; to 
 make a thing hideous, horrible, unfightly, or 
 monftroiis. 
 
 BEMU'SED, Adj. [from he and mu^e\ given 
 to rhiming or poetry. A term of ridicule* 
 " A perfon much lemufedin beer." Pope. 
 
 BEN, S. an abbreviation ufed in common 
 difcourle for Berjamin. 
 
 BENCH, S. [from bene, hance, Sax. bene, 
 Dan. banck, Belg. and Teut. banc, Fr. panco^ 
 banco, Ital. j a feat made of a long board, dif- 
 tinguifhed from a fiool, by its length. Ufed 
 (or the prifon or liberties of the King's Bench, 
 which fee. The feat whereon judges fi'. Fi- 
 guratively, the petfons fitting in the trial of 
 
 C2UfcS. 
 
 To BENCH, V, A. [from <he noun] to 
 furniih with, ereft, or make benches in any 
 place. " It was benched with turf." Dryd. 
 To place, feat, or prefer a perfon to a feat, or 
 bcnth. " Who-:n I from meaner form have 
 bencFd.'"'' ^hakefp. 
 
 BE'NCHERS, S. [from ^mc;?.] in L^w, the 
 fenior barriftcrs of an inn of court, intrufted 
 witli the government and diredtion of it, out 
 of which is annually chofen a fteward. 
 
 To BEND, V. A. [pret. and part, pfetef 
 bended ox bent, like the Id. benJe, preter bendte, 
 bcndan, Sax. bander, Fr.] applied to /hooting 
 with a bow, to ftretch ; to force from a ftrai;.hc 
 line to a curve, or crooked one ; the poi:it or 
 olijeft to which a motion is direfted. Fifjura- 
 tively, to apply the mind to the confiiieiation 
 of any fubjedt ; to bedifpofed to; to make fub- 
 miffive. To tend the broiv, a motion of the 
 eye-brow, wherein it is drawn from its na- 
 tural fliape, generally done when a perfon is 
 in a deep ftudy. In Navigation, to faften 5 
 " Eend the cable ;" i. e. fallen it to the ring 
 of the anchor; to har>g, or jut over; to be 
 I itrcngly inclined to, or rcfolvcd on; to bow 
 
 the
 
 BEN 
 
 t^ebo^y, or the knee, in token of fubmilTion, 
 or refpedt. " ShM come bending unto thee." 
 Ifaiah ix. 14, 
 
 BEND, S. [from the verb] the part of a 
 line, &c. wliich is notftraight, and forms an 
 angle. In Heraldry, an ordinary or bearing, 
 formed by two lines drawn a-crofs the fhield, 
 from the upper part on the right, to ihe lower 
 on the left. This is called likewife the bend 
 ■dexter J the iend Jinijier is formed by drawing 
 the lines from the left fide of the /hield to the 
 right. 
 
 BE'NDABLE, Adj. {(xom bend mi able] 
 that whicli may be forced from a flraight to a 
 crooked line; that which may be bent. 
 
 BE'NDER, S. [from bend una er] one who 
 bends any thing j an inftrument by which any 
 thing may be forced from a flraight to a crook- 
 ed line. 
 
 BE'NDLETS, S. [from bend and !et, a di- 
 minutive article, bandde', Fr.] in Heraldry, 
 marks or diftin(flions in a fhield, of the fa.iie 
 length, and but half of the bre.dth of a b«nd. 
 
 BE'NDY, Adj. [bande, Fr.] in Blazonry, 
 the dividing an efcutcheon into an equal num- 
 ber' of partitions, 
 
 BENE'APED, Adj. [from ^^ and n«^/). from 
 tieafte, Sax. want, or neafttg. Sax. deficient] 
 a fea term, implying, that a fhip has not 
 depth of water enough to fet her a-float, bring 
 her over a bar, or out of a dock, 
 
 BENE'ATH, Prep, [heneoth, beneotian,S,aK. 
 ieneden, Belg.J applied to fituation, not fo high 
 as, or under, fomething elfe. Joined with Jtnk, 
 it implies the prefTure of fomething heavy on a 
 perfon, "Our country Jinks beneath the yoke." 
 Sbakefp. Applied to rank or dignity, inferior 
 to. " Far more fpecies of creatures above us, 
 than are beneath.'" Locke. Applied to a£lions, 
 notbecomingj unworthy of a perfon. "Be- 
 neath his high ftation." y^tter. 
 
 BENEDI'CTINES, S. [from Ben^di^, or 
 Bennet, whofe rules they profefs to follow] in 
 Ecclefiaftical Hiftory, an order of monks, who 
 wear a loofe black gown, with large wide 
 fleeves, and a capuche on their heads, ending 
 in a point behind j and were in England nam- 
 ed Bbck Friars. 
 
 BENEDI'CTION,S.[from^w^j;f7;o,Lat.] 
 a devout prayer or ejaculation to the Deity to 
 blefs a perfon 5 generally applied to the piou? 
 wirties of a parent for t!ie hai^pinefs of a child, 
 or the bleffiMg of a bifhop; happinefs acquired 
 by, or owing to a bleflingj a grateful acknow- 
 ledgment of bleflings received . 
 
 BENEFACTION, S. [of benefiaum, Ca- 
 ■p\n:oi benefacio, Lat.J a good and benevolent 
 aftion; generally applied 10 charitable gifis 
 for the relief ot perfons in diftrefs. 
 
 BENEF.V '.TOR, S. [See BENEFAC- 
 TIONj a man who confers a benefit, or Joes 
 an aiSHoii of kindnefs to a perfon in want 
 
 BENEFA'CTRES.S, S. [from benefaBor] 
 a woman or female, who contributes to \Y.t 
 relief of the indigent by fome charitable gift. 
 
 BEN 
 
 BENE'FICE, S. {benrf.aum, Lat.] a wor 
 bonowed from the Romans, who ufed to diftr 
 hute the lands conqu red on the frontiers t» 
 their foldiers ; they were called benefidai il, and 
 the lands themfelves benejicia, wlnrli v.ere at 
 firft given for life only, but afterwards were 
 made hereditary. Hence benefice, in the church, 
 Tlgnifies either a church endowed with a re- 
 ward or filary for the performance of divine 
 fervice, or the falary itfelf, given on that ac- 
 count. A fimpU benefcc, is that wherein a 
 perfon is obliged only to read prayers, as in 
 canonries, chaplainfliips, &c- A facerdotal h' 
 nejlce, that wherein he is charged with th« 
 cure of fouls. A benefce in comtfiendam, is that 
 which is given to a perfon on a vacancy for a 
 certain time, or till it is provided for. 
 
 BENE/FICED. Adj. [from btnefice] poffeffed 
 of a chui^ch-living. 5 
 
 BENE'FICENCE, S. [from beneficentla, 
 Lat,] a difinterefted inclination to do a good 
 aftion, or to promote the welfare of another. 
 
 BENE'FICENT, Part. Ibenefaciens, Lat. 
 performing afls of kindnefs, and affiftance, 
 without any views of intereft. 
 
 BENEFi'CIAL, Adj. [from bentficium, 
 Lat.] that which affifts, relieves, or is of fer- 
 vice to. " Very beneficial to m«;nkin.i." 
 
 BENEFI'CL'IL, S. a benefice. " How to 
 obtjin a bemficial" Spenjer. 
 
 BENEFl'CIALLY, Adv. [from beneficial 
 and ly] in fuch a manner as to relieve, eflift, 
 cr he of fervice to a perfon, 
 
 BENEFrClARY, Adj. [from beneficel he 
 that holds any dignity as dependent on, and 
 tributary to, another. Ufed fubftantively, it 
 implies one who is in poffefiion of a church, 
 living or benefice. " The benefiiciary Is obliged 
 to fervethe parifh churches." Aylifif. 
 
 BENEFl'T, S. [from bene, well, and/a, 
 Lat. to become] that which turns to tht pro- 
 fit of another; an a£l of kiiidnefs or love, 
 done to helper aflidjnother. Among players, 
 the whole takings of the theatre, which ?re 
 applied their own ufe. In Law, benefit -f 
 the clergy, was an ancient liberty of th' chuic'; 
 whereby any pricft: might on hi- petition, ;v.:n 
 in cafe of murder, be del vered to his ordinaiy 
 in order to purge himfelf. It is at pref'-nt con- 
 fined to figmfy a pcrlon's -'eing only burnt in 
 the hand for felony, and fee free for the firlt 
 time. 
 
 To BENEFl'T, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 do fomething to or for another, whereby he 
 may receive advjntage, or improvement ; to 
 promote, increafe, o. rcndtr better. " Sinrll 
 nothing benefit your knowledi;e ?" Shakei'f, 
 " Far from benefiting trade." Arbuth. Ufed 
 neuterly, to improve- Applied to the mi> d, 
 to reap advantage from. " What 1 have ^e^ 
 ^f^.V(f hrrei ■!." Milton, 
 
 3i-.NE'V0LENCr;, S. [from b^netiokntia, 
 
 Lat, bene, <.v:\\, and "r/c/s, Lat. to willj a <lif- 
 
 pofition of mind, whersby a perfon is fironv; y 
 
 impelled to do another all the good he can, 
 
 K 4 With-
 
 BEN 
 
 ^without any views of intererrand reward. Fi- 
 guratively, the adicn, or good deed, proceed- 
 ing from ihis difpofition. 
 
 BENE'VOLENT, Part, [from bintfohns, 
 Lat. inclined to do good from an affedlionate 
 regard lo a perfon, 
 
 BENGA'L, S. themofteafterly province of 
 the Mogul'sflominions in India,on ihe Ganges, 
 bounded on the N. by the provinces of Patmi 
 and Jefnat ; on the E. by Arracan andTi- 
 pra ; on the S. by the bay of Bengal and Orixa ; 
 and on the W. by Narva and Malva ; extend- 
 ing 400 miles in length, and 3C0 in breadth 
 fiom N. to S. and is annually overflowed by 
 the Ganges in the fame manner as Egypt by 
 the Nile. One of the Eaft India company's 
 fettlements is here ; this place affords rich car- 
 Eoes for 50 or Co vefiels yearly, befides what 
 3s carried in fmall veffels to the neighbouring 
 countries. Likewife a thin flight ftufr com- 
 pofed of filk and hair, ufed by women, and 
 jnsde in this phice. 
 
 To BENI'GHT, V. A. [from ie and r.igbt'] 
 to be overtaken by darknefs in a journey; to 
 be without light; to wander in the dark. 
 Applied literally to the eyes, and figuratively 
 to the mind, 
 
 BENI'ONf, Adj. [pronounced as if written 
 lemne, irom hcnignus. hixJ] having a difpofi- 
 tion that inclines a perfon to do a good a£lion 
 to another; a kind, generous, or liberal. In 
 Med cine, wholeforr.e, gentle. 
 
 BENI'CNESS, S. [from benign and ncfi] 
 that q-iality which inclines a perfon, or fits a 
 thing to do good to another. 
 
 BENIC'NITY.S [the ^ is retained in the 
 pronunciation of the word, though dropped in 
 the fornner; kinlgviiaiY^^X..^ a difpofi.ion of 
 inind inclining one perfon to be kind to an- 
 other. In Surgery, that which promotes or 
 favours any operation. 
 
 BENI'GNLY, Adv. [from lex-gn and ly] 
 in fuch a manner as to Ihew kindnels and con- 
 defcenfion. 
 
 BE'NISON, S, {hciiijhrs, of kmr, Fr. to 
 b'efs] a blefiing, or an adt, whereby a perfon 
 wiihes or prays for the happinefs of another ; 
 applied to the blefTings of a parent; a rapture 
 cf joyful gratitude on account of lome benefit 
 received. 
 
 BENT, S. [from iend, hendte, from hcnde, 
 jn] that part of a fiick, ifc. which is forced 
 from a right or ilraigbt li.ne ; that which foims 
 an angle, of crookedncfs, in oppofition to 
 fralgbt, the declivity, or llope of a hill. " On 
 &Unr, the temple flood." Dryd. T':ndency, 
 er the different appearances of an otjedt. 
 " Apply itfelf to henii and tuvns of the matter 
 in its rtfearchts." Lucke In Agriculture', a 
 kind of grafr, cilleJ bcrtl-graj'u 
 
 BE'NTiNGTlME, S. [from bent, a kind 
 of grafs, and tim: j the feafon wherein p'geons 
 feed on bent-grajs, which is before the peas 
 ate tipe. 
 
 To BENU'M, V, A, [from ienymai, Sjif.J 
 
 B E H 
 
 to rake a\yay, or deflroy the fenfe of fe:l- 
 
 ing, applied to the cffeft of cold upon the 
 extreme parts of the body; or the approach 
 of death, and flupifying violence of any dif- 
 order. 
 
 To BEPAI'NT, V. A. [from if andf^j'mt'] 
 to cover with artificial colours. Figuratively, 
 to change the colour of ihecomplexion. " Elfe 
 would a maiden blufh bepaint my cheek." 
 Shakcfp. 
 
 To BEPI'SS, V. A. [from be and ftftl to 
 be unable to retain one's urine; joined with 
 the perfonal pronouns "lyfelf, himfelf, SiC. 
 
 To BEQUE'ATH, V, A. [from beciuathafi^ 
 SM.Jkvithan, Goth, to fpeakj to leave a per- 
 fon any thing by will. 
 
 BEQUE'ATHMENT, S. [from bequeath. 
 and ment] the leaving fomething, or the thing 
 left by will. Seldom ufed. 
 
 BEQUpsT, S. [from bequeath] fomething 
 left by will ; a legacy. 
 
 To BERA'TTLE, V. A, [from be and 
 rattle] to make a noife at, including the idea 
 of contempt ; to fcold. 
 
 To BERE'AVE, V. N. [preter berea-ved, 
 or bereft, from hcrcafan, Sax. bero-vven, Belg. 
 berauhen, Teut.] to take away by foice, in- 
 cluding a want of pity ; tpfpoil; to rob J to 
 ftrip a perfon of his property. 
 
 BERE'AVEMENT, S. [from berea're'] the 
 adl of taking away, or leaving a perfon defti- 
 tute of any thing, 
 
 BERE'FT, Part, paflivc of boeaie. 
 BE'RGAMO, S. [Fr.] a coarfe taprflry, 
 maniifa<flurcd with feveral forts of fpun thready 
 or ot P.ocks of wool, filk, or cotton, ox, cow, 
 or j_o.ii's h.nr. 
 
 Bb'RGAMOT, S, [bergamotte, Fr. in 
 Gardening, a fine juicy pear, of a globular 
 form, and a coat of an olive cnlour, mixed 
 with brown ; an efTence or perfume, drawn 
 frcm the fruit of a lemon-tree ingrafted wittl 
 the ilock of a bergamont pear-tree ; likewife a 
 kind of fnufi, of a large grain, faid to be only 
 pure tobacco, with feme of thiieffence rubbed 
 into it. 
 
 BE'RG-MASTER, S. [from kerg, beorg, 
 or burig, Sax. a town, hill, or caflle, and 
 maf.er] the bailiff' or chief ofHcer among the 
 Derbylhiie miners. 
 
 BE/RGMOTE, S. [from berg, a hill, and 
 mot, Sax. a cotincilj a court held on a hill in 
 Derb\fhire, to decide the coiitroverfies hap- 
 pening between the mir.ers. 
 
 To BERHY'ME, V. A. [from be and 
 rhymi] to make a perfon or thing the fubjcft 
 ot a poem ; ufed by way of comempt. " Now 
 heriyrnd fo lung." Pope, 
 
 BL'RKSHiRE, S. [from Bearwucfcyre, 
 S<ix. whence Bearrucfyre and BarrucJJpyrc, and 
 thence Barkp.vre or BeikfAre] in Geography, 
 a county in England, bounded by Hampfliire 
 oa the S. by WiUfhire and Glouceflerfhire 
 on the W. by the Thames on the N. and by 
 ; Middkfex and Surry on the E. Its air is heal- 
 th v.
 
 B E S 
 
 thy, and Its foil fertile; its cliief produfts, 
 are woollen-cloth, fail-clotb, and malt. Jt 
 is 39 miles long, and 29 broad, containing 
 527 acres, 140 parifhes, 17,000 houfes, 12 
 market towns ; fends nine members to parlia- 
 ment, two of which are knights of the fhire ; 
 and gives the title of earl to a branch of the 
 Howards. 
 
 BE'RLIN, S. [fromhr, IH. hairgs, Goth, 
 atown, and lir, a diminutive partidej in Geo- 
 graphy, the capital of the marquifate of Bran- 
 denburgh, in Germany, and the royal refidence 
 of the prefent celebrated king of Pruflia. It 
 is large and well built; its chief manufac- 
 tures, befides various works of gold and filver, 
 are thofe in polifhed fteel, and glafs, light 
 fluffs, coarfe cloaths, ftocklngs, &€. Birlin is 
 applied to a carriage of the chariot kind, very 
 convenient for travelling, being both lighter 
 and lefs apt to be overturned than a chariot. 
 
 BERME, S. [Fr.] in Fortification, a piece 
 of ground from three to five feet wide, left be 
 tween the rampart and the moat, to receive 
 the earth falling from the rampart, by that 
 means hindering it from filling the moat ; it 
 is fometimes pallifadoed. 
 
 To BERO'B, V. A. [from be and rob] to 
 fleal ; to take away the property of a perfon 
 " Of yourfelf you thus ^froWf^ ate." Faery 
 .^ueen. Seldom ufed. 
 
 BE'RRY, S. [from Ser, III. l^ergien, Sax. 
 from teran, Sax. to bearj in Botany, See 
 BACCA. 
 
 To BE'RRY, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 produce berries. In the North, it fignifies to 
 jlrike, from ier, Ifl. to beat or threfh. 
 
 BE'RRY-BEARING, Adj. [from krry 
 and tearing] that which beats berries ; other- 
 Wif;; termed bacdferous, from the Latin. 
 
 BE'RTRAM, S. [pyrethum, Lat.] in Bo- 
 tany, an herb, named baftard pellitory. 
 
 BE'RWICK,orBARWlCK, upon Tweed, 
 on old fiontier-town, being a county and town 
 of itfelf, as in all proclamations, &c. it is dif- 
 tindtly mentioned after England and Wales. 
 Though on the north fi^le of the Tweed, it is 
 generally included in Northumberland. It was 
 long the bone of contention between England 
 and Scotland, and often pofletTed alternately by 
 each i till Thomas Stanley, with great iofs, re- 
 duced it to the obedience of Edward lY. from 
 which time it has been poHelfiid by the Englifli 
 without diilurbance. It is a large, populous, 
 and fortified mayor town, with a garrifon in 
 it, but not fo much minded fince the union of 
 both kingdoms. Its language, manners, and 
 laws, are a mixture of the Englifli and Scottift. 
 It fends two members to parliament, and lies 
 52 miles N. W. of Newcaftle upon Tyne, 
 and 340 N. of London. Lat. 55 deg. 40 min. 
 N. long. I deg. 40 min. W, 
 
 BE'RYL, S. [(Siij^xxcif, Gr.] a precious 
 tranfparent ftone, like ciyflal, found in the 
 frtines of the Indies. 
 To BESCRE'EiN', V, A. [from ^# and 
 
 B E S 
 
 fcrceri] to conceal, or hide any thing. " Be- 
 fcreeri'd in night." Shakejp. Seldoin ufed. 
 
 To BESE'ECH, V. A. \yrti&^ Ibejougbr, 
 I ba'ue bejought, from le and Jscan, preterjo/jcs; 
 ■verfoeken, Belg.] to intreat with great earneft- 
 nels ; to afk for as a favour, in an humbla 
 and fuppliant manner. 
 
 To BESE'EM, V. N. [lezhmm, Belg.] to 
 luit, applied to a means ; to become, or be 
 worthy of, applied to charaft&r or dignity. 
 
 To BESE'T, V, A. [prefer I befet, I have 
 bejel ; iefeta7i,SaK. ^efiet, preter; gafitan, Goth. 
 preter^a/a/J to furround, fo as not to be 
 able to efcape without difficulty, alluding to 
 an enemy's furroundinga body of men, or fome 
 fortified place. To endanger, to encompafs, 
 ufed with the particle ivith. " We are iefct 
 tulih thieves." Shak. 
 
 To BESHRE'W, V. A. [from befchreyen, 
 Teut. to inchant ; be[hryvcn, S^x. to coniefsj 
 to wifh any thing unhappy or mifcrable to a 
 perfon. " I bejhrew us both." Dryd, Sel- 
 dom ufed. 
 
 BESID'E, or BESIDES, Prep, [from he 
 and fide. Sax, befyden, bcfydeits, Belg. iefeict, 
 Teut. j by the fide, or near, applied to a fitua- 
 tion. " To fit down ^f/ji/s him." Bacon. 
 " Btjlde him hung his bow." Par. Lojl. la 
 the enymeration or detail of particulars, fome- 
 thjng more, over, and above. " In man there 
 is a nature found b,/ide the fenfe^." Da-vies» 
 " Great num.bers, bejide thofe whofe names are 
 in the Chriftian records." Addif. InconfiftenC 
 with ; not relating to ; not difcovcrable by. 
 " A method befide and above the difcoveries of 
 man's reafon." South, " It is be'ide my pre- 
 fent bufinefs." Locke. Before a reciprocal 
 pronoun, as hhnftlf, Sic. it implies the Iofs of 
 reafon, or madnefs. "Thou art bifide thyfelf.''* 
 AEis. Ufed adverbially, it implies an addition- 
 al circumftance, or fomething more than what 
 has been mentioned, " Bejides, you linovr 
 not." Dryd. The reft ; or that which has 
 not been already fpoken of, or mentioned^ 
 " f^aft thou any here ^c/;i/ifs." Gen. axx. 12,. 
 
 To BESIE'GE, V. A. [from bei^nAf.egr, 
 pronounced as if written with a double ec, he^ 
 feege\ to lurrousd, or attack a place with aa 
 army, in order to conquer and get mafter of it. 
 
 BESIE'GER, S. [from bcfiege and er] a 
 perfon who attempts to take a town, by en- 
 camping againft it. 
 
 To BESLU'i5BER, V. A. [from be and 
 jhbber] to daub, or fmite with any thing that 
 raifes a difagreeable idea. 
 
 To BESME'AR, V. A. [from be snA fmea.-'] 
 to cover or daub with any thing which al- 
 ters the colour of a thing, and raifes an idea 
 of fomething not cleanly. Figuratively, to 
 tarnifli, or deprive of its lufture, applied to 
 charafter, &c. 
 
 To BESMO'KE, V. A. [from be and 
 [moke] to foil j to foul, or dry in Imoke. 
 
 ToBESMU'r,V. A. [from /-^ and /m/Vao, 
 Sax.j to fmear with any thing black 5 t(^t~ 
 
 ciaily
 
 B A C 
 
 c'allv aprlied to difcolouring a thing ty'fmoke, I 
 
 BF.^SOM, S. [iefm, hefira, Sax ] an in 
 ftiument confjfting of a long handle, to which 
 birch or ruihes are fan-ened, ufed by houfewives 
 to fweep iheir floors fro.ii land ordiift. 
 
 To BESO'T V. A. [from if and fst] to 
 ftupify with gluttony and drunkennefs. Ufed 
 with the particle or, to doat, or be extremely 
 in lovewith. ''i/f/ef/^flfca that lace and eyts." 
 Dryd. 
 
 BESO'UGHT, Part. PafT. of 5*/"wi?>. 
 To BESPA'NGLE, V. A. [from be and 
 fp^'figfe] to make a thing glitter, by themear.s 
 «f forr.e fmall fhrningobjedi. " The heavens 
 iefpanglingJ'^ Pope. 
 
 To BESPA'TTER, V. A. [from *^ and 
 Jpaiter\ to wet, by caftiiig i'mjil quaniities of 
 water. Figuratively, to foil or tarnilTi the 
 charstler of a perfon •* Whom never faftion 
 could befpctter." Siuift. 
 
 To BESPE'AK, V. A. [prefer I be/poke, 
 crlbejpake\ I ba-ve bej^cki ox kcjpohn \ irom 
 le, for, and fpacan, Sax. bcftechen. Tent, to 
 buy] to giveoiders for the making i»f a thi.-g; 
 to makeabargain for the purchafeof any thing, 
 in order to prevent others from buying it; to 
 engage beforehand. " To /-efpsak his'cuftcm." 
 Llfi <if J- -Ka'/. To difcover beforehand, or 
 forebode ; to aiidtefs in difcourfe ; to fpeak to, 
 ** Thus the 'queen befpohs.'"'' Diyd. To de- 
 clare j to fhsvi. " Orders that be/peak a mind 
 compofed." /^ddif. 
 
 BESPE'AKEJl, S. [from iefpeai and er] 
 he that gives orders for the making of any 
 thing to an artificer, or manu'afturer. 
 
 To BESPE'CKLE, V. A. [from be and 
 fpeckie, fapiedc, Pol.] to mark w ith fpots. 
 
 To BESPE'W, V, A. [from be iad fpe<w, 
 oi fpii'van, Sax.] tn vomit upon. 
 
 To BESPPCE, V. A. [trom^eand//)i«] 
 to feafon with fpice?, geneially applied to li- 
 quors. *' Thou mif:h;eft bcipue^ cup." i-h~k. 
 To BESPI'T, V. A. to wet with fpittle ; 
 to fpit upon. 
 
 BESPO'KE. irregular Part, from Befpeai. 
 To BESPCT, V. A. [from be and fpot] 
 to mark with (pots. 
 
 • ToBESFREA'D,V.A.rfromi«and/^rM^; 
 of jpradan, or fpredan, S.ix. J to extend a thing 
 at full length over another; to cover with. 
 *' Jt'ltb psinted flowers befpread." Dryd. 
 
 To BESPRl'NKLE, V, A. [from be and 
 fpriukle, Oi fpringe, Sa.x. iefprsngen, bejprhit- 
 z,en, Teut.J to fpurt, or throw water upon a 
 thing fo as to make it fjll t-.pon it in drops. 
 
 To RESFUTTER, V. A. [from be and 
 fti;!rer] to wet any thin;.', by forcing fpitlle in 
 creeps from between the lips. 
 
 BEST, Adj. [the fuperlative degree o! 
 good ^ the comparative litter, from god or bet, 
 I'itKra, if'jt, Sdx.J the higeft degree ot good. 
 Ufed with the verb do, the utmoft exertion oi 
 l^owcr, or ability. " Let each man do hit 
 6 ■ , 
 
 BAD 
 
 hefty Sbak. " Alnafchar in order to make 
 hfbeftofh." Mdtf 
 
 BESTI'AL, Aiij. [from befi'iJ, Lat. a 
 beafl] that which has the nature of a beaft. 
 .Applied figuratively to one that feems to have 
 no regarJ for reafon, delicacy, virtue, fliame, 
 or humanity. 
 
 BESTIA'LITY, S. [from bejlial] that qua- 
 lity which is contrary to the light ufe of re:- 
 lon ; cppofite to every principle of humanity. 
 BE'STIALLY, Adv. [from bejiisl and fy] 
 in luch a manner as to refemble a bead, and 
 below the dignity of humanity. 
 
 To BESTJCK, V. A. [pre'ttrr I beftuck, or 
 hafe tefluck, Uom,li ^n6 j1ich'\ to fix darts, or 
 any pointed thing or mark upon a fubjefl ; to 
 wound all over. " Truth /hall retire — bejiuck 
 with flanderotis d.rts." Par. Left. 
 
 To BESTI'R, V. A. [from he ini ftir'] to 
 exert one'? power vigoroufly. Generally ufed 
 with the reciprocal pronouns, k:m, her, himfelfy 
 &c. " They muft needs icjlir tbemjehei" 
 Ray. 
 
 To BESTO'W, V. A. [bef.edan, Belg.] to 
 give a perfon a thing which he had no right to 
 oemand ; to give in marriage, ufed with the 
 prepofition upon, before the receiver. " I could 
 have bftoiued her upon a fine gentleman," 
 Tatler, No. 75. To place, to lay up in a 
 place. " Beftoived them in the houfe." a 
 Kings, vi, 24. This lafl: fenfe is derived from 
 be inAfsoiv, Sax. a place. 
 
 BESTQ/WER, S. Iftom beftc-w zni er'] he 
 that gives a thing ; he that confers a favour. 
 
 To BESTRE'W, V. A. [part, beftreiued 
 or Icftrcivn] to fcatter, or fprinkle over j to 
 cover with. 
 
 To BESTRl'DE, V. A. [fi-om be and 
 ftriJc] to (land over any thing, fo as to have it^ 
 between our legs, or a leg on each fide of it. 
 As this pofburs is that of a perfon on horfe- 
 bark, it is put figuratively for a perfon riding. 
 " He biffrides the hzy-pacing clouds," SLai, 
 To BESTU'D, V. A. [from le zndftudj 
 to adorn with fhining dors, marks, or ftods. 
 
 BET, S. [from tvsttan, Teut. ^vedJen, Belg. 
 iveddian. Sax. to hy a wager, from <iued. Sax. 
 a wager, h bring o ten exchanged for a tv, as 
 fzi'a'e'we, fchivulbe, Teut. a fwallow J the 
 money depofited by each of the parties who 
 lay a wager, to be given to him who wins, 
 
 'To BET, V. A. [from the noun] to lay a 
 wager. 
 
 To BETA'KE, V. A. [preter I bitook, part. 
 pafTive btti-ken, from i«and lake, b.tacan, SiX,] 
 to apply ; to have recourfe to, with the reci- 
 procal pronouns htm, her, &c. and the particle 
 10. " Here I betake myfeif to ihem again." 
 TVoidtv. To take to, fiy, or go, applied to 
 motion, " They both betuk them feveral 
 ways." Par. Left. 
 
 To BETE'EM, V. A. [from le and teetn\ 
 to bellow, or give, " So would 1 beteem tn yoa 
 this fword," Faery ^ To produce, alluding 
 ' to
 
 BET 
 
 to xht teeming-time of animals, *' t could 
 iiveW heteem them from the tempeft of mine 
 eyes." Sbakefp. 
 
 To BETHl'NK, V. A. [}^xt\itx Ihtihought, 
 from be and ther.can, Sax. which makes tbcthi 
 or thuthe in the preter ; thogkgan, preter thahta, 
 Goth.] to recal back fomething part into the 
 mind j to recolle£l one's felf ; to fufpend our 
 thoughts. 
 
 BE'THLEHEM, S. [the houfe of bread, 
 Heb] the name of a city in Jadea, famous 
 for being the birth-place of our Lord and S».- 
 viour Jefus Chrift. Applied, according to its 
 etymology, to an hofpital, and at prefent ap- 
 propriated to that where lunatics an- confined, 
 near Moorgate, London. See BEDLAM. 
 
 BE'THLEHEMITE, S. [from Bethlehsm] 
 a peifon confined, or fit to be confined, in a 
 mad-houfe, called a Bedlamite. 
 
 BETHO'UGHT, the preter of Bethink. 
 To BETHRA'L, V. A. [from ^« and thral] 
 to bind and fetter as a captive. " She it is that 
 did my lord bethraW'' Faery ;^ Seldom ufed. 
 To'BETHU'MP, V. A. [from be and 
 thump'\ to bang, or beat j a lud-crous word. 
 *' I never was fo bethumpt.'''' Shakefp. 
 
 ToBETI'DE, V. A. [^reltt it beaded, or 
 hetid; from tid, Sax. time, feafon, or oppor- 
 tunity] to happen to a perfon ; to betal ; 
 ufed both of good and bad events j and fome- 
 times with the particle to, '" What has betide 
 to Cloten." ^hakcfp. 
 
 BETl'lVrE, or BETIMES, Adv. [from be 
 Sax. about, near, or at, ixxAtime, of tlma. Sax. 
 a feafon, or opportunity] in Itafon ; without 
 delay. " Learn betimes.''' Par. Reg. Soon ; 
 in a Ihort time. Joined with monn'tig, early. 
 *' They lofa betimes in the morning.'''' i Mace. 
 iv. 52. 
 
 BETLE, BETEL, or BETRE, S. [Ind.] 
 in Botany, a plant, in great repute all over the 
 Ea(}, refembling that which bears pepper ; but 
 fo weak 2s to need a prop to fupport it. 
 
 To BETO'KEN,V. A. [from be ind tsken] 
 
 todeclare,tofhew,ordifcover bymarksor figns. 
 
 BETO'OK, irregular participle, from betake. 
 
 To BETO'SS, V. A. [from be and tofs] 
 
 to be tofled about : to be agitated, dillurbed, 
 
 troubled, or tormented. 
 
 To BETRAY, V. A. {bedrelghen, Belg. 
 httrlegen, to deceive, bed'ager, Dan. to deceive j 
 to defraud, oi drugen, Teut a trick, dry. Sax. 
 en impoflure, tradire, Ital, trchcr, I'r.J to df- 
 liver a perlon up to his enemies, though bound 
 to the contrary; to dilclofe a fecret entruftcd 
 to one ; to difcover fome failing. " Lett you 
 betray your ignorance." I'Vatts. To difcover. 
 " Nor a ftone betray — the place Where once 
 the very ruins hv." Addif. 
 
 BETRA'YER, S. [from betray and er\ the 
 perfon who treaL-heroudy delivers another into 
 the hands of his enemies; one who difciofes 
 
 to adorn or embellifh the perfon with ittts, % 
 applied with gre.itheauiyvo the flowery creation. 
 ''.The banks w ilh pionied and tulip'd brims, 
 " Which fpungy April at thy bed bcirims.^' 
 
 Shakefp. 
 To BETRO'TH, V. A. [from ^? and troth, 
 betr^iuen. Belg. betraiuen, Teut. oi treio,Tent^ 
 taith] to pronaife a perfun in marriage. In 
 Law, to nominate to a hiflionric. " Confe- 
 crated a biihop unto that church, whereunto 
 he was not before betrothed.^'' Ayl'iffe. 
 
 To BETRU'ST, V, A. [from be and trtifil 
 to truft, or rely upon the fidelity of another, 
 applied both to perfons or thing?. " Betrujl 
 him with all the good." Greiv. " Whatfoever 
 you would betruj} to your memory." Watts, 
 
 BE' ITER, Adj. [rhe comparative degree 
 of good, of which beji is the fup-rlativej that 
 which exceeds, is better or preferable to the 
 thing it is compared with. " Altered for the 
 htter.'" Uled as a fubftantive, a iicrton of rank 
 or authority fuperior to ourfclves. " The 
 coiirtefy of nation allows you my belter.''^ Sbak, 
 BE'TTER, Adv. [the comparative of we/Zj 
 in a more perfeft, exaft, manner ; more ad- 
 vantageous, or profitable. 
 
 To Be'TTER, V, A. [from the adjeftive^ 
 hejlern, Teut.] to improve; to increafs the va- 
 lue of a .hi);g; to amend by change; to fur- 
 pafs; to excel ; to drengthen, or add ilrength to. 
 i'E'TTER. S. [from bet\ one who lays 
 wagers. 
 
 BETWE'EN, Prep, [hettueonan, bet'wijnan. 
 Sax. from be and t'iuee, Sax. twit, or tivecp 
 Belg. two] applied to fituaiion, it fignifics the 
 middle, or the having one of the two things 
 mentioned on each fide of us. Applied to time, 
 the middle fpace, or that which is included 
 within the periods meationeu. " Betivecn the 
 promife made to Abraham, and the coming 
 of Chritt." Applied to qualitie?, partaking 
 of each. " i?e/'iy£fn blaclc and white." Ap- 
 plied to things oppofite or contrary to eacli 
 other, it implies fcparation, or the idea of dif- 
 ference acquired by comparifon. " Diftiiinuifli 
 hitzveen what require, and what not," Locke. 
 A reciprocation on both fides,applied tofriend- 
 thip. " A great frieniftiip betiveen him and 
 me." By themfelves, privately, exclulive 
 of. any others. "That was done betiveen 
 them. ' Greeiiivood. Betiveen is properly uled 
 of only tivo perfons, but among, when more 
 are included. 
 
 BETWPXT, Prep, [het-zvlx, bcnvux, and 
 betiveox, Sax.] ufed indifferently for between^ 
 which fee. 
 
 BE'VEL, or BEVIL, S. among Joiners, a 
 kind of fquare, one or both lec,s of which are 
 crooked,'according to the fwecp of an arch, or 
 vault. Bcvll angle, is that which is not 
 fquare, whether it be oStufe, or acute. 
 
 To BE'VEL, or BE'VIL, V. A. [from the 
 
 a fecret. Applied figuratively to things, with j fubflantive] to form a bevil angle, in oppofi- 
 great elegance. tion to a right one. 
 
 To BETRl'M, V. A. [fro.-n be and tr'im'] \ LEVERAGE, S. Ibevcragio, ital. [frot» 
 
 teverCf
 
 B I A 
 
 hnrre, to drink, bnuvage, Fr.] any com- 
 rnon drink, or any thing arinkable ; a treat 
 at putting on, or rirft wearing a new fuit of 
 «!ojth*s'i a treat at a perfon's firft -coming to 
 prifon, called likewife gurnifo. 
 
 BE/V'Y, S. [Itom hct-a, Itil] a flock, or 
 number of birds collected together ; an ail'em- 
 fcly, or company. 
 
 To BEWA'iL, V. A. [from be and 'wail, 
 •f Kva, Sax. grief J to grieve for any cjlamity. 
 
 To BEWA'RE V. A. [from he aNd -ware, 
 guvaru-^n. Sex. ivatcr, Belg.J to aft with fo 
 much caution as to prcvide againft any futuie 
 obftaclc or misfortune. 
 
 To BEWE'T, V. A. [from he and ivit\ to 
 make moift or wet. 
 
 To BEV/l'LDER V. A. [from he and 
 ci'fW. oi ivaids. Sax. a wood, or wildernelsj 
 to lofe in a place, or wood, which has no cer- 
 tain p3th. Figuratively, to puzzle and per- 
 plex the the mind with rifficuliics. "Loft and 
 itxuV.dirtd w the fruitle;s fearch." Addtf. 
 
 To BEWITCH, V, A. [from be and 
 nv'iich] to injure by, or fubjeft to, the power 
 of diabolical charms and incantations. Jn a 
 fccondary fenfe, to operate fo powerfully on the 
 mind by petfonai or mental charms, as to cap- 
 tivate and be irrefiftaole. " Filled with fuch 
 btivitchvrg tendernefs and lapture." SfeB. 
 No. 123. 
 
 BEWl'TCHEnY, S. [from hew'Mbj in 
 the times of ignorance, fuppofed to be anirre- 
 fiftable power, which perfons dealing in magic, 
 cr uith the devil, had over others. In its 
 ief ondaryfcnfe, a charm, either perfonal, men- 
 tal, £fr. " 1 here is a certain LtioUchery, or 
 fafciiztion in \vords." South. 
 
 To BEV/RA'V, V. A. [heivregat, or iitre- 
 ^an, Sax. the g founded like a y, ivrcegh:n, 
 Belg. Minfhew deduces it from beiuyre Goih.J 
 to difcovtr a ihing that is hid, or fecrer, either 
 tkrrugli fimpliiity or treachery. 
 
 EEVVR A'YER, S. [from heivray and er] a 
 perlon who difcovers a thing v/hich fhould be 
 concealed; a divulger of kcrets. 
 
 BEYO'fvD, I'rep. \gnnd, bigeond, hegeort- 
 «?a/». Sax.] a'word uled tu iignify exrefs in any 
 thing. Applied to a ;'!jre, the fiirther fide or 
 any thing, or that which is at the greateftdif- 
 tance from us ; farther than. " Ecycnd iht. 
 Hiountain." Acrofs, or over. *' B yyi:d ihi 
 fea. Den:, xxx. 1 3. Too ^rcat for, or out 
 of the reach of; excctding; above; fut^e- 
 rior. '* Thy gcodnefs ^{yo..-^/ thought." Par. 
 
 BE'ZOAR, S. in its primary fen''e, an an- 
 tidote agjinft poifon. In its fccandaiy, a me- 
 dicinal ftonc brought from the Eaft or Wefi 
 Indies, found in the fiOT«ach of an animjl 0! 
 the go»t kind, and compofed of feveral coats, 
 like -.xw onion. 
 
 BEZOA'RDJC, Afij. [from J.-asa/-] medi 
 eiies compounded with aezoar, 
 
 PIA'NGULATED, or Ef ANflULOUS, 
 Adj. !_from ba, Lat. iwi^j ar.d yng\-us^ Lit, 
 
 B I D 
 
 a corner] that which has two angles or cor- 
 ners. 
 
 BI'AS, S. [^'jij, Fr.] the weight lodged in 
 one fide of a bowl to direft or regulate it ia 
 its courfe, and to turn it from a ftraight line. 
 Figuratively, an influence, propenfity, or any 
 thing which direfts the courfe of a perfon's 
 actions to particular end. 
 
 To Bl'ASS, V, A. [from the noun] to in- 
 fluence a perfon to any particular meafures of 
 conduct. 
 
 BIB, S. [from b'lbo, Lat. to drink] a piece 
 ot linen put under the chins of infants when 
 feeding', to keep the viftuals which is fpilt 
 from their doaths; likewife a piece of linen 
 pinned on the front of the ftay of thofe of 
 iTiOre advanced years. 
 
 BIBA'CIOUS, Adj. [bibax/l.i.u'] much 
 addifted to drinking ; or drinking to excefs. 
 _ BlBACTY, S. [bibadtas, Lat.j the qua- 
 lity of drinking too much. 
 
 BI'BBER, S. [from blbo, Lat. to drink] a 
 perfon who drinks to excefs. 
 
 BI'BLE, S, [from BiBUq, Gr. a book] the 
 volume containing the great truths of religion 
 and conduft revealed from heaven by God, 
 comprehending the Old and New Teftament j 
 though fcmetimes applied to the Old only, as 
 the word Teftament is reftrained to the New, 
 The tranflationof this facred volume was be- 
 gun very early in this kingdom, and fome part 
 of it was done even by king -Alfred. Adelmas 
 tranfiated the Pfaims into Saxon in 709 ; other 
 parts were done by Edfrid, or Ecbert, m 730J 
 the whole by Bede, in 75 1. Trevifa publifhed 
 the whole in Englifh, in 1357. Tindal's was 
 broutht hither in 1534; rcvifedand altered in 
 1538 i publifhed %vith a preface of Cranmer's 
 in 1549. In 1551, another tranflation was 
 publ;/hed, which being revifed by feveral 
 bifiiops, 'was printed with their alterations in 
 1 560. In 1607, a new tran/iation was publifhed 
 by authority, which is that in prefent ufe. 
 
 BIBLIO'GRAPHER, S. [from /3,^X«f, 
 Gr. a book, and y:3.<^io, to write] one who 
 writes or copies books. 
 
 BIBLIO'THECAL, S. [from blbUothtcg^ 
 Lar. a library] beloneing to a library. 
 
 BIBULOUS, Adj. [bihu'.us, Lat.] that 
 which fucks or drinks any fluid or moifture. 
 
 BICE, S. in Painting, a blue, or bluifli. 
 green colour. 
 
 To BICKER, V. N. [from hkre, Brit, to 
 conteftj to fkirmifh, or quarrel ; to tremble, 
 Ji quiver, or move backwards and forwirds. 
 
 Bl'CKERER, S. [from bicker and er] one 
 who is qujirelfome. 
 
 BI'CKER1?CG, S. [from hhler'] a quarrel, 
 fKirmiili, or fudden attack, oppoled to a fet or 
 pitclifd battle. 
 
 BFCORN, or BI'CORNOUS, Adj. [from 
 y/j, twice, and tornu, Ljt. a horn, that which 
 has iwo horns. "'The letter Y, or ^corws^jJ 
 slefTitnt of Pv'hagoraf." Bromn. 
 . To BID, V. A. [pr«ter IbU^ ha^, ha/le, I
 
 B I G 
 
 have hid, or hidden; frem biddan, %i^. ^rtttr 
 ia^litibed; bldgan, prexer bath, Goth, bid, 
 Id. to pray, or bcodan, Sax. to command] to 
 requeft, or invite a perfoii as a gueft ; to order 
 or command ; to offer a fum for the purchafe 
 of a thing ; to puSlifh ; or proclaim. " Our 
 bands thrice iiW." Gay. To offeror denounce. 
 " He bids defiance." Granv, 
 
 BI'DDEW, Part. Paff. [from bhi, to invite, 
 cr beodan, Sax. to command] invited. " Bid- 
 den guefts." Phtlipps. Commanded or forced. 
 " Teach infant cheeks a bidden blulTi to 
 know." Pope. 
 
 BI'DDER, S. [from bid and er] one who 
 cfl'ers a price for any commodity, 
 
 BI'DDING, S. [from bid] command, and 
 •rder, including generally the idei of a fupe- 
 rior. " At his fecond bidding darknefs fled." 
 Milt. 
 
 To BIDE, V. A. {bidan, ahidan, Sax. bai- 
 <f(W, Goth.] to endure, or fufier ; to dwell, 
 live, remain, or continue, in a place. See 
 ABIDE. 
 
 BIDE'NTAL, Adj. [bidens, Lat,] that 
 which has two teeth. Figuratively, that which 
 has two prongs. 
 
 BI'DING, S. [from bide] conflant flay, or 
 refidence in a place. 
 
 BIE'NNIAL, Adj. [frombiennls, Lat,] that 
 which continues, or has been, for two years. 
 
 BIER, S. [beer. Sax. from bceran. Sax, to 
 bear, ber. Arm. bar, Perf.] a frame of wood, 
 on which dead perfons are carried to the grave. 
 BIE'STINGS, S. [from hyftincr, Sax,] in 
 Farming, the firft milk given by a cow after 
 calving, 
 
 BFFEROUS, Adj. [^'i, Lat. twice, and/^- 
 rens, Lat, bearing] bearing fruit twice a year. 
 BIG, Adj. [bcgate, bogatre, Ruil. a giant, 
 hug, Dan, the belly] applied to dimenfions, 
 large, imimenfe, fwelling out. Joined to -witb, 
 or of, pregnant 5 with child. <• Big with 
 young." Bac. Swelling, or diftended with 
 grief. " Thy heart is big." Sbak. Applied to 
 a perfon's looks or words, proud j haughty. 
 
 BI'GAMIST, S. [from bigamy] one who 
 has married another before the death of his 
 firft wife, 
 
 BI'GAMY, S. [from^M, Lat. twice, and 
 yt^-iq, Gr. a marriage] a double marriage, or 
 the having of two wives at the fame time; 
 which is felonv by the hw. 
 
 BIG-BEL'LIED, Adj. \ from big and beUy] 
 fwelling out, applied to fails filled with wind j 
 with child ; pregnant. 
 
 BI'GGIN, S. \beguin, Fr.] the under-cap 
 of an infant, covering the hind-part of its head, 
 and made clofe, to keep the upper or mould of 
 it warm. 
 
 BIGHT, S. [byg'an, ^^x. to bend] the cir 
 cumference of the coil of a rope, oppofed to its 
 ends or extremities. 
 
 Bl'GNESS, S. [from % and «/i] large- 
 nefs, either with refpeft to quantity, bulk, or 
 
 B I L 
 
 BI'GOT, S. [fuppofed to be derived frorai 
 Rollo's refuling to kifs the toe o/ Charles the 
 Vth of France, when he received his daughter 
 in marriage, and the inveftiture of the duke- 
 dom from him, with this Gothic exprefTion, 
 N'e le by Gud, on which account he was called 
 by the king a bigot j a perfon who is flrongly 
 and immoveably attached to any religion or 
 opinion, notwithftanding the rtrongefl reafon 
 urged to convince him by a contrary party. 
 Uied in a bad fcnfe. 
 
 BI'GOTTED, Adj.l[from%o?] obfVinate- 
 ly prepodefled in favour of a perfon, or opinion. 
 BI'GOTRY, S. [from%or] unreafonable 
 firmnefs ; obftinacy, or attachment to any par- 
 ty or opinion. 
 
 BILE, S. [from biHs, Lat.] in Anatomv, a 
 yellow bitter liquid or fluid, feparated from 
 the blood in the liver, colledled in the gall- 
 bladder, and diftharged into the lower end of 
 the duodenum. 
 
 BILE, S. [from bile, Sax. buyl, Belg. 
 builo, Dan, hue/, Teuv,] a red inflammatory 
 fwelling or tumour, very fore, and cured by 
 fuppuration. 
 
 BILGE, S. [bilig, SiX.bilgia, Ifl. a florm] 
 that part of the fhip's bottom on whicli, toge- 
 ther with the keel, (he reits, when a-grounj. 
 Bilge-ivattr, that which refts on a fhip's bot- 
 tom, on account of its flatnefs,and cannot go to 
 the well. Btlgs-pttmp, is that which is applied 
 to the fide of a fhip, to exhauft or pump ouc 
 the bilge-water. 
 
 To BILGE. V. N, [from thenoun] a fea- 
 term, to damage, or break the boards of a 
 fhip or vefltrl ?gainfl a rock, fo as to make a 
 palfage for the water to enter j to fpring a 
 leak. 
 
 Bl'LIARY, Adj. [from hik or bilis, Lat.] 
 in Anatomy, that which belongs to, or con- 
 vey, the bile. 
 
 BI'LINGSG ATE, S. a gate, port, or flairs^ 
 on the river Thames, London, noted for the 
 refort of filhormen, and fifliwomen. Figura- 
 tively, low abufe and fcurrilous languigc, al- 
 luding to that which is made u'e of by thole 
 who frequent thisnlace. 
 
 To BILK, V. A. [bilk, bilken,bien, Teut. 
 a gaming-table, bdecgan. Sax. to lye, or de- 
 ceive by lyes, hiluican, Goch,] to cheat ; ts> 
 defraud ; to contract a debt, and run away 
 without paying it. 
 
 BILL, S. [bile, S.1X.] the horny fjaflance 
 protuberating, and /landing our from the head 
 of a fowl, and forming its mouth ; a beak. 
 
 BILL, S, [bile, S.>x. of lull. Sax. fleelj in 
 Flulhandry, an crigtd tool, with a hooked 
 point, of an axe kind, fitted to a handle, and 
 ufid to lop trees. If the handle be (hort, it it 
 named a'hand-iill; but if long, a hedge-bill. 
 
 BILL, S, [bille, Sax. 'billet, Fr.j in Trade, 
 a written or printed account of goovls delivere4 
 to, or work done by a perfon. In Commerce, 
 a common ol'ligJtion given by one perfon to 
 another^ or t wiitin^ wherein a perfon obliges 
 
 himfelf
 
 BEN 
 
 himfeff to pay a fum of money to another a* 
 a certain iimc. Eil! of credit, is that which is 
 given by one perfnn to another, impowerina 
 him to take up money of his corrcfpondents in 
 foreign ci'iintiies. A. Bill of er.lry, is an ac- 
 count of goods entered at the Cuftomhoufe, 
 either inwards or outwards, mentioning the 
 perfon exponing, &c. the quality and fpecies 
 of tlie goods, where exported to, and from 
 whtnce. Bill of ixcbauge, is a piece of paper 
 drawn by a perfon on another in a different 
 place or country for money received by him at 
 home. Bill of lading, is a memorandum or 
 acknowledgmen;, under the hand of the truiftcr 
 cf a vefl'el, of his having received goods on 
 board, together with a promife to deliver them 
 as configned. Bill cf parcels, is an account given 
 by the feller or buyer of the feveral goods 
 bought, and their prices. Bill of f ale, is a 
 folemn contract under feal, whereby a perfon 
 transfers all right and intcreft lie has in his 
 goods to another. Bill, in Law, is a firigle 
 bond without a condition ; a declaration in 
 ■writing, exprefTing fome grievance or wrong 
 done by the perfon complained of. In Parlia- 
 ment, a writing containing feme propofals of- 
 fered to the houfe to be paiTed into a law. A 
 phyfician's preilription. A Bill of mortality., h 
 a bill, giving an account of the number of 
 perfons dying within certain limits and times. 
 A Bill cf fire, an account of the dirties of an 
 entertainment, or ot the provifions in leafon. 
 To BILL, V. A. [from bill, Sax. a beak] 
 to ioin bills together. Figuratively, to carels 
 •with great fondnefs, in allufion to the manner 
 of doves joining their bills together. 
 
 BI'LLET, S. [Fr.] a fmall paper, with 
 fomething wrote on it ; a ticket direifting fol- 
 riiers where to loJge ; a fmall log of wood for 
 firing. In Heralory, a bearing refembling a 
 long fquare, 
 
 Bl'LLIARDS, S. [it has no fingnlar. BH- 
 liardo, Ital.] a kind ol game played on an ob- 
 long table, fixed txaflly iiorizontal, and co- 
 vered with a cloth, with little ivory ball?, 
 ■which are driven by the tppofite parties into 
 haz.irds, holes, or pockets, placed at the ends 
 and fides of she tjble. 
 
 Bl'LLION, S, [Fr.] in Coinage, a bafe 
 metal, either of gold or filver, in which cop- 
 per \^ predominant. 
 
 BI'l.I.OW, S. [from W^jTeut. holge,'Dd.n. 
 iulgia, Ifl. a ftornn, iilur, Ifl. a whirlpool or 
 fudden tempeflj a large, hijjh, fwelling, and 
 hollow wave. 
 
 To BI'LLOV/, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 fwcll, or grov.- tempeftuous; to raile in large 
 heaps like the appearance of billows. "The 
 bill'.i:i:ng fnov/." Prior, 
 
 BVI.LOWY, Adj. [from hillcw] fiormy, 
 tempeftuous, fwelling into large waves. 
 
 BIN, S. [hinre, Sax. lenne, Belg.] a long 
 fquare frame, or cheftof wood, wherein coin 
 bteid. /sff. are out.. 
 
 To BIND, v. A, [pretcr kurj, bind, Ifl. 
 
 B I S 
 
 hancerdar., Perf. hindan, Sax and Goth.j to 
 deprive a perfon of the free ufe of his limbs 
 by bonds j to lurround, ericompafs, confine, 
 fallen together ; to fix a bandage on ; to com- 
 pel, force, reftrjin. In Phyfic, to flop a 
 loofenefs, or make coflive. To bind a book, 
 to few the fheets together, ancj place them iri 
 a cover. With the word o'ver, to be obliged, 
 under a certain penalty, to appear at a court of 
 juftice. 
 
 BI'NDER, S. [from bind] one who binds 
 books; one who lies (heaves together. In Sur-- 
 gery, a fillet, -jfed to keep on the dreffings of 
 a fore, and rolled feveral times about it. 
 
 Bl'NDlNG, S. [from bind] that which \i 
 bound, wound, or tied round anything; a 
 bandage, " The izni/iaj of his eyes." Tatler, 
 No, t;;. 
 
 BI'NOCLE, S. [from binus, Lat. two, and 
 eculus, Lat. an eye] in Dioptrics, a telefcope 
 fitted with two tubes, fo that diftant objeds 
 may be ften by both the eyes. 
 
 BINO'CULAR, Adj. that which has two 
 eyes or fights. Binocular telefcope. See BI^. 
 NOCLE. 
 
 BIKO'MIAL, Adj. in Algebra, a root, con- 
 fifting only of two parts, 
 
 BIO'GRAPHER, S. [from^.©', Gr. life, 
 and')';a<j>a;, to write] one who writes the lives 
 of particular perfons. 
 
 BI'PAROUS, Adj. [from birus and fario, 
 Lat. to bring forth young] bringing forth twa 
 at a time. 
 
 Bl'PARTITE, Adj. [from bifius, twofold, 
 inA partitut, fupine of pariior, Lat. to divide] 
 having two parts anfwering to each other ; di- 
 vided into two. 
 
 BIPARTI'TION, S. [from bipartite] th« 
 a£V of dividing into two. 
 
 Bl'PED, S. [^ipcs, Lat.] that which hath 
 two feet. 
 
 BIPE'NNATED, Adj. [from binus and 
 penna, a wing, Lat.] hiving two wings. 
 
 BIQUA'DRATE, or BIQUADR.A'TIC, 
 Adj. [from his, L.t. twice, and quadra, Lat. a 
 fquarej the next power above the cube, or the 
 fquare of the cube root. Biquadratic equation^ 
 in Algebra, is an equation where the un- 
 known quantity of the terms has four dinien- 
 fions. Biquadratic p'jiver, is the fourth powef 
 of a number, or the fquare fquared. Biqua-: 
 dratic root of a number is the fquare root of 
 the fquare root. 
 
 EIQUI/NTILE, Adj. [from bis, twice, and 
 quintus, Lat. five] in Altrology, an afpeft of 
 the planets, wherein they are 144 deg, from 
 each other. 
 
 BIRCH, S. [birc, hirce, heorce, Sax. bird, 
 Dan. b;rck, Belg. kiorke, Run.] in Botany, 
 beiula, it h3th male and female flowers at a dif- 
 tance from each other. Linnaeus places it ill 
 the 4th fe£l- of his2ift tlafs. There arefpur 
 fpecies. Bircb-broom, is a broom or befom, 
 mad- with the fipal} tsvi|5 of the birch-tree, 
 See P£50M, 
 
 BIRCKEN,
 
 B I S 
 
 BIRCHEN, Adj. [fiom birch uTii en] made 
 of birch. 
 
 BIRD, S. [bird, birrde. Sax. a young bird, 
 from hredan, Sax. to breeJ, orcherifli] in Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a two-footed animiil covered 
 with feathers, and furnifhed with wings, by 
 means of which it can raife and fuftain itfelt 
 in the air, and fly from place to place, 
 
 BI'RD-BOLT, S. [from ii» Jand boh, Sax. 
 an engine to (hoot with] a fma'l fliot, or ar- 
 row, ufed in killing birds, 
 
 Bl'RD-CAGE, S. [from bird and cage] 
 a receptacle made wirh wire, ©"c. to keep 
 birds in. 
 
 BI'RD-CATCHER, S. [from bird and 
 catcher] one who lives by catching and felling 
 birds. 
 
 BI'RDER, S. [from bird and <r] See 
 BIRD-CATCHER, 
 
 BI'RD-LIME, S. \hombirdini lim'e, of 
 Him, Belg. and Dan. kirn, Teur.] a vifcous 
 fubftance or glue, made ufe of by bird-catch- 
 ers to t?.ke birds with. 
 
 Bl'RD's-NEST, S. [from bird ani neft, fo 
 called from the flowers refernbiing a bird's 
 neftj in Botany, fuppofed to be a fpecjes of 
 the daucus. 
 
 BIRTH, S. [beorih, Sax. hu-t. Taut, ghe- 
 tsorte, Belg.j the nafurj] exclufion of the fee 
 tus by the vagina ; the aft of bringing forth ; 
 the entrance of a perfon into the world ; any 
 produ£li.}n J rank or dignity inherited by de- 
 fcent. In Sea affairs, a proper place for a 
 ihip to ride in j the diftance between a fhip 
 when under fait, and the fhore 5 a place fepa- 
 rated by canvafs wherein the failors mefs, and 
 put their chefts. A gooi-h'irtby good accom- 
 modations, wherein a perfon has every thing 
 that is convenient. 
 
 BFRTH-DAY, S. [from birth and day\ 
 the day on v,?hich a perfon co.iies into the 
 world, or is born, 
 
 BFRTH-NlGHT,S.[from irV/iand -night] 
 the night on which a perfon is born. 
 
 BIRTH-PLACE, S, [from binh and 
 flace] the town or place vvhertin a perfon is 
 born, 
 
 BHRTH-RIGHT,S.[from hirth and right] 
 the right which a perlon acquires by birth, 
 generally applied to the firft-born. 
 
 Bl'RTH STRANGLED.Adj. [from binh 
 and Jlrangk] ftrangled, choked, or killed by 
 fufFucation, in coming into the world. " Fin- 
 ger of birth-Jlrangled b>,be." i)bti,':r('p. Mjcb. 
 
 BI'SCOTIN, S. [Fr.J aconfetlion mjde 
 ©f flour, marmalade, eggs, Cfc. 
 
 CrSCUIT, S. [from bis, Lat. twice, and 
 cuit, Fr. baked] a kind of hard dry bread, 
 made entirely of wheat flour, mixed with 
 leaven and warm water, baked for long voy- 
 ages four tirres, and prepared fix months be- 
 fore it is fliipped. It will keep a whole year. 
 Likewifea fine delicate paftry, or cake, made 
 ot fine flour, eggs, almond?, and lofe water; 
 or oi flour, eggs, fujar, and citron, o> orangt 
 feel, and baked twice. 
 
 B I T 
 
 To BISE'CT, V. A. [from Bhnt, W9 
 andfeS, of feco, Lat.] ia Geometry, to divide 
 any line into tv^'o equal parts 
 
 ClSE'CTION,orBlSSECriON,S. [from 
 bifeS?]\n Geometry, the aft of dividing, of 
 the thing divided, into two equal Darts. 
 
 BKSHOP, S. [from bifce-jfi, ot'bifiop, Sax. 
 bifchjp, Belg. hijchzff, Teut. from s.Tiirxoffcf, 
 Gr. an overfeer] a prelate, or perfon confe- 
 crated for the fpiritual government and direc- 
 tion of the diocefe, whofc jurifdidion confifls 
 in collating to benefices, ordaining priefcs and 
 deacons, licepifing phyficians, furgeons, and 
 fchool-mafters. The bijhcp% are all peers of 
 the realm, except the bifhop of Sodor andMan, 
 who feems to be excluded that privilege from 
 his being nominated by the lord of that ifie, 
 all the others being nominated by his majefty; 
 and from the iflind's being, as lord Coke ob- 
 ferves, no:part of the lealm of Ei'gland. Next 
 to the two aichbifhops, the bifhops of London, 
 Durham, and Winchefter, have always the 
 precedence} and the others follow according 
 to the date of aheir confecration. 
 
 BI'SHOP, S, a liquor made of water, 
 wine, fngar, and a Seville orange roalted, 
 
 BlS-'HOPRIC, S, [from hifaop, and rrr. 
 Sax. implying a dominion, province, office, or 
 dillridl, fubjeft to a perfon] the province, dif- 
 trift, or diocefe, which belongs to a bifliop. 
 
 BISK, S. [from bifjue, Fr.J a foup, or 
 broth, made of different forts of fle(h boiled, 
 according to johnjon. 
 
 BI'jKET, S, See BISCUIT. 
 BISMUTH, S. in Natural Hiltory, a con- 
 fidcrable iieavy fcmi-metal, of a mucii harder 
 and firmer texture than antimony, very fuf- 
 ceptible of ruft. ^ 
 
 BISSE'XTILE, S. [from bis, twice, and 
 fextilis, Lat, fo called, becaufe the 6th of the 
 calends of March was repeated in that year] a 
 year containing 366 days, happening every 
 four years, when a d,iy is added to the month 
 of February, to make up for the fix hours 
 which the Inn fpends in his courfe each year, 
 beyond the 3f:5 days ufujlly aiTignsd toir. 
 
 BISTOU'H V, S. {b,flouri, Fr J a furgeon'a 
 inflrument, ul'cd in making incifions. 
 
 BISU'LCOaS, Adj, [from biJcu!cus,L?.x,} 
 cleft in two parts, cbven-fcoted. 
 
 BIT, S. [from bital, Sax.] the whole ma- 
 chine, or iron apurtenances of a bridle j more 
 particularly the bit-mouth, 
 
 BIT, S, [from hiie] as much a5 a perfon 
 generally bites oft" at once. A fmall Spamfh 
 coin in the Wed indies, valued at fevcii penes 
 h.i|f-penny. 
 
 To BIT, V. A. [from the noun] to pus a 
 bit into a hurft's mouih ; to htiole. 
 
 BITCH, S. [I'eice, bice, Sjx. beck, Tent. 
 hite, Belg.] t!)c female of the dog, wolf, fox, 
 and oier kind. 
 
 To BITK, V. A. [pfeter bit, part, pafliva 
 biiiin; of byt, 111. preier he^ia, bit, fubftrintive 
 bitan, S«.J la- wound, pierce,, or d'.viJftwith
 
 B I V 
 
 the teeth. To afFedl with pain, applied to 
 cold ; to make a perfon uneafy, applied to fa 
 tire or reproach ; to wound by its iharpnefs, 
 applied to a fword, &c, " With my good 
 titing faulchion." Shakifp. To make the 
 mouth frcart, applied to the Aarp tafte o' 
 fome acid bodies. To cheat or defraud. 
 
 BITE, S. [from the verb] to divide, feize, 
 «r wound any thing with the teeth, a fharper, 
 a cheat; trick or fraud. 
 
 BI'TER, S. [from bite and er] one that 
 feizes with the teeth, applied to a dog. One 
 that readily or quickly fwallows a bait, ap- 
 plied to a fifh ; one who deceives or defrauds 
 another by falfe appearances 5 a fliarser, 
 
 BI'TTACLEjS. ffrom^V?, Belg.] a frame 
 in the fteerage of a fhip, made of boards, and 
 faftened with wooden pegs, wherein the com- 
 pafs is placed. 
 
 Bl'TTEN, Part, pafiive of bht. 
 BITTER, Adj, [Sax. Belg. and Teut.] 
 that which excites a hot, pungent, and aftrin- 
 ^ent tafte, like that of worm v/ood. Figurative 
 ly, wretched, miferable, painful, difagreeable, 
 unpleafine' and hurtful, 
 
 Bl'TTER, S. in Sea language, any turn of 
 the cable round the bitts, fo that it may be let 
 out gradually, or by degrees. When a fhip is 
 flopped by the cable, (he is faid to he brought 
 up iy a bitter -^ likewife the end of the cable 
 wound or belayed about the bitts, callea the 
 Utter f.d. 
 
 BI'TTERLV, Adv. [from bitter and ly^ 
 that which haf a bitter tafte. Figuratively, 
 in a forrowful, painful, fharp, and fevere 
 manner; ufed fometimes to cxprefsthe fuper- 
 lative or highcfi degree ; very much. " He 
 •went out and weut bilttr'y.'" 
 
 BI'TTERN, "S. [h^four, Ft.] in Natural 
 Hiftcry, a bird v.'ith a long bill and legs, which 
 feeds on fifh, and is rematk.iblc tor its noife, 
 called burr.p'irifr, 
 
 BI'TTERNESS, S. [from bhter and --y/j] 
 a kind of favour or (enfation, the reverfe to 
 fweetnefs. Applied 'o manner, feverity, au- 
 flerity. Applied to reproach, keennefs, fh;irp- 
 nefs, or extremity. Applied to the polhon-, 
 foriow, trouble, diftre'.s. 
 
 Bl'TTER-SWEET, S. [from bitter znd 
 pweet] in Gardening, the name of an apple, 
 havinga tafte compounded of bitter and fweet. 
 BITTS, S. [fitar, SiX.J two perpendicular 
 pieces of tim;cr in the fore p;rt of a /liip. 
 bo!ted to the gun-deck ; their heads are braced 
 with a crofs piece, and feveral turns of the 
 cable are taken over them, lor fecuring the 
 (hir> when at anchor. 
 
 Bl'TUME, or BI'TUiMEN, S. in Naural 
 Hiilcry, a fat, tenacious, inflammable mineral 
 fubftance, or a lolFil body which eafily takes 
 fire, viclJs an oi!, and is not foluble in water. 
 Bl>TUMlNOUS,Adj.[from bitumen] hav- 
 ing the natiire and qualities of bitumen, 
 
 Bl'VALVE, Adj. [from binus, Lat, two, 
 anil -vaha, La:, a folding (loorj Ia Nik:u;ai 
 
 B L A 
 
 Hlftory, applied to fifli that hare two (hell», 
 fuch as oyfters j and in Botany to plants whofe 
 feed-pods open their whole length, to dif- 
 charge their feeds, as peafe. 
 
 BI'VaLVULAR, Adj, [from blval-ve] 
 that which has two fhells, 
 
 BIVENTER, S, in Anatomy, a mufcle 
 fituated between the whole bafjs of the jav/ 
 and the throat. 
 
 BI'UOAC, BIHCU'AC, or BIOJAC, S. 
 [Fr. from iveywatch, Tcut. a double guardj a 
 guard performed by the whole army, which 
 continues all night in arms, when before a 
 place or enemy, in order to prevent a furprize. 
 To raije the Ihuac, is to march the army t« 
 their tents or camp at break of day. 
 
 To BLAB, V. A. [blaberen, or blapperen, 
 Teut, latp$ren, Belg.] to reveal a fecret, 
 through heedlefihefs or want of caution, Ufed 
 neuterly, to talk or tattle. 
 
 BLAB, S. [from the verb] a tell-tale; one 
 who difcovers fecrets through inconfideration, 
 or too great a propenfity to talking. 
 
 BLA'BBER, S, [from blab and er] one 
 who difcovers a fecret through want of cau- 
 tion, and » great fondnefs for fpeaking. 
 
 BLACK, S. [blak, blak, Sax. black, Teut.] 
 abfence or want of light and colour, owing to 
 a body's refiefting no rajs of light. Dyers 
 black, for ftuft's of a high price, is compofed of 
 indigo, woad, boiled with allum, tartar, or 
 aflies of lees or wine, maddered with common 
 madder, and mixed with gall-nuts of Aleppo, 
 copperas and fumach. The beft black cloth 
 fiiould be firft: dyed blue. German black, is made 
 of the lees of wine, burnt bones wafhed after- 
 wards, and ground with burnt ivory, or peach- 
 ftones; that with ivory is the beft. This is 
 ufed by roiling-prefs printers. I'^cy black, is. 
 ivory burnt between two crucibles, and ground 
 with water, ufed by painters and jewellers, to 
 blacken the bottom ground of the collets or 
 bezels in which they fet diamonds, Spanijh 
 b'jck, invented by the Spaniards, is burnt cork. 
 Lamp or Ian-black, is the footy fmoak or foot 
 of rofin, received in ftieep fkins, or piece* 
 of coirl'e linens, fixed at the top of a chimney, 
 wherein it is burnt for that purpofe. Curriers 
 black, is made with gall-nuts, four beer and 
 cold iron, for the firft blackening applied to the 
 hides; but of gall-nuts, copperas, and gum 
 arable for the fecond. Black after the word 
 louk, and the prepofuion upcn, implies fuUen, 
 unfriendly, and is a fi-jn of difpleafure. " Look' 
 ed black ::'pcn roe." ^hakejp. Applied to moral 
 adlion, hurrible, or exccihvely wicked, " So 
 blfiik a deed," Dryd. Joined with blue, it im- 
 plies the colour of the fkin eccafioned by a 
 hard blow\ livid, " Beaten black a:\dbJue." 
 Shakcfp. 
 
 To BLACK, V, A. [from the noun] ta 
 make of a black colour. 
 
 BLACK, Adi. of a bhck colour. 
 BLA'CKANIOOR, S. [from black and 
 iiiior, mofl properly fpelt blackmcor] one whofe 
 
 com*
 
 B L A 
 
 Complerion is naturally black. See kEGRd. 
 BLAC'KBERRy,S. [from black and btrry, 
 fo called from its colourj in Botany, a fpecies 
 of the rubui or kiamble. Blackberry bufh, the 
 bud) or tree which bears the blackberry. 
 
 BLACKBIRD, S. [from War^ and ^Vi] 
 in Natural Hiftory, a bird fo called from the 
 colour of its feathers 5 its bill is yellow, and 
 Its fong refembling that of a man's whittling, 
 which it imitates with great exjflnefs and 
 docility. 
 
 BLA^CK-BROWED, S. [from Hack and 
 fjrczu] having black eyeibrows. Figuratively, 
 daik, ijloomy, difmal, or threatening. " A 
 black broiii'd ^\i(i begins Co rile." Dryd, 
 
 BLACK-CATTLE, S. [from black and 
 cati/tj in Huflandry, a general term including 
 ox-n, bulls, or cows. 
 
 BLA'CK-EARTH, S. [from black and 
 earth} in Gardening, that which is on the fur- 
 face of the ground, fo nanied ftom its colour, 
 and lilcewile called mould. 
 
 To BLA'CKEN, V. A. [from black] to 
 tnake a thing black, which was of a different 
 colour before ; to intercept th^ rays of light ; 
 to darken. " The cloud /'/(?£-^e«^ the face of 
 the jihole heaven.** South. Figuratively, to 
 fully a perfon's chara£ler by defamation, or 
 unmerited cenfure, " Let us blacken him 
 what we czn." South. 
 
 BLA'CKGUARD, S. [from black and 
 guard} in low and familiar language, ufed to 
 convey the idea of a perfon of mean circi m 
 ftances, dirty and ragged drel's, of bafc prin- 
 ciples, anrf worthy of contempt. 
 
 BLA'CKISH, Adj. [from Wjf* and ]Jk ; of 
 ijc, Sax.] inclining to a black colour ; fome- 
 what black. 
 
 BLA'CK LEAD, S. [from blacking lead] 
 See LEAD. 
 
 BLA'CKNESS, S. [from black and nefs] 
 that quality of a body which arifes fiom its re- 
 flefting few or no rays, and is owing to its 
 potofuy, the minutenefs of its particles, and 
 the rays of light fuft'ering fo many refieiflions 
 in the infide, that few return to the furface ; 
 war.t of light, or d.irknefs. 
 
 BLA'CK ROD, S. [from black and red] 
 the u/her of the or.ler of the Garrer, fo called 
 from his black rod with a golden lion at the 
 top. He jttends the king's chamber, and the 
 houfe of lords in parliament. 
 
 BLACK-SEA, [Mare Nigrum, Lat.] the 
 modern name of thr Pontus Euxinu=, or Euxine 
 fea. It lies betv/ecn Europe and Afia ; and, as 
 farasitgncs, is their common boundary. It 
 might more properly be called a large l.ik?, if 
 it did not communicate with the Mediterranean 
 by the Thracian Bofphorus. The Turks call 
 it Cara Din^h'is. It is faid to be 3S00 Engli/h 
 fniles in ciicuit. On account ot the dreadfu 
 ftorms which rage more furioufly here than in 
 any other lea, it has the name of the Black or 
 Terrible fea : though at the fame timtf it ap 
 peirs, that thofe frightful ideas were formed 
 
 SLA 
 
 of It before navigation had arrived at the pit' 
 feftion it is now brought to ; yet it has been 
 found, from later experience, that (he tempeft* 
 on this iea are ve:y violent and dangerous, from 
 the fea irlelf being inclofed almoft on every 
 fide, arjd the waves bearing circularly upon tha 
 vcfTel? that fail thereon. CefideS the danger 
 is increaled, as on its coafts are no gDod hai"- 
 bours ; efpecially towards the S. where the 
 Turks navigate for the rnoft part. The 
 loiitherri banks appear fomething black, by 
 reafon of the large woods growing every- 
 where on the confis. 
 
 BLA'CKbMlTH, S. [from blucizndfmh hi 
 a perlon who forges the larj;er works in iron, 
 and derives his name from their colour, which 
 is generally black, fr^m thi;ir not being po- 
 lifhed J oppofed to a ivbitsfmiih, lA-ho forges the 
 fmaller Works, which are generally poliflied. 
 
 BLAD'DER, S. [blKdtr, Sax. bladder, and 
 bladtr, Belg. blad<a. III.] in Anatomy, a thin 
 dilatable, membranous body, which ferves as 
 the receptacle of the uriae after iis fecretioil 
 fro:T» the blood in tne kidneys, fituatcd in the 
 pelvis o\ the abdomen j in men immediately 
 on the re£lum ; in women on the vagina uteri. 
 It likewife (ignifies a puftisle, blifter, or the 
 fwelling of a membrane filled with any juice 
 or fluid, fuch as that which arifes after fcald- 
 ing or burning. 
 
 BLADE, S. [from bydi bled, Sax. iW, 
 bladt, Belg. blafte or blatt, Teut. blad, a leaf, 
 Ifl. bled, Fr,J in Botany, the fpire or leaf of 
 grafs before it grows to feed j the green fhoots 
 or leaves of corn, which rife from the feed. 
 Hence that part of a fword or knife, is called 
 a blade, from the former's refenibling a blade 
 of grafs. Figuratively, a bold, entcrpiifing, 
 brifk, fierce, and gav perlon. 
 
 BLADE, or BLA'DE-BONE, S. in Ana- 
 tomy, the fcapula, or fcapular-bone, of a flit 
 and triangular form. 
 
 To BLADE, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 furniih with a blade ; to fit a blade to a handle. 
 
 BLA'DED, Adj. [from ^/a^/fj t,'aa: which 
 has leaves, fpire-:, or blades. 
 
 BLAIN, S. [bley/ne,S3x. the jt being found- 
 ed like a, gebleyn, Belg. from blaert, Teut. t» 
 IwcllJ a dillemper inci lent to beafts, ronfifting 
 of a bladder growing at '.he root of ihe tongue, 
 againft the windpipe, which at length groves 
 fo large, as to ftop the breath. Applied «0 
 human creatures, a puf.uL' or blifter. 
 
 To BLAME, V. A. [blu,uer, Fr,] applied 
 to perfons, to charge them with having don« 
 a fault. 
 
 BLAME, S. [from the vrrb] the charging 
 with wrong meafures or faults. Figuratively^ 
 the defeft which merits cenfure. Ufed with 
 to, it implies that which deferves blame, or i» 
 blamcable. 
 
 BLA'MEABLE, Adj. [from blame airi 
 able] that which may be found fault with, or 
 cenfured. 
 
 BiA'MEABLBNESS, %.\_Uom.blameahlt 
 L and
 
 B L A 
 
 inJ ne's] that which tenders a thing faulty, or 
 liable to blame or cenfute. 
 
 BLA'MEACLY, A .v. [from blanreat/e znd 
 /y] in fuch a manner as defetves cenfute or 
 biame. 
 
 BLA'MEFUL, Aclj. ("froin *.'a;.-^e and fir!!] I 
 tha' which highly dek;v;s to be found fau!t 
 with, cenfuiei, or blan ei. 
 
 BLA'MELESS, Adj. | (rom iljwe ard Itfs] 
 that which is no ways dcfrdtivs ; or defervci 
 no cenfure or blame j ufcd foine'iiries, htf 
 very rarely, with thf paitiric of. " V/c will be" 
 i.'ana, 'if: .f th\s." Jo/h.x'i. 17. 
 
 BLA'MELESxLY, Adj. ffiom b'arr.tljs 
 and !y] in fi'ch a manner as to be Irei fiom 
 f. ult, not merit cenfure. 
 
 BLA'MELESi.NZSS,S,rfrom hlamdtp and 
 tidfi] ihdt quality whiti> retirers a perlon or 
 thing by no means the objeft ot cenfure or 
 bljcne. 
 
 BLA'iMER, S. [from hhme and <r] the 
 jjcrfon v^lio cenfures, or cliarges a psilon or 
 thiii^ with ddfeiJ^, or being wrong. 
 
 BLA/MEVVORIHY, Adj. [from h'air.c 
 and ivcKkf] th.it which dtfetves cenfure or 
 blame, i''c u^iing thi idea of fomelhing wrung 
 or defedt've. 
 
 To BLANCH, V. A. [blamhir, Fr.] to 
 wliiltn a thing w hicli was before of another 
 colour. Fij.uia'.ivcly, to peel, applieil to the 
 peeling al.Tionds, which difcovcrs their kernel 
 of a white C(ilour. 
 
 BLA'NCHEii, S. [from blarch znA er^ one 
 who makes any thing white jaw hitencr. 
 
 BLA'KCHiNC;, S. [from Lljnch] the 
 aiHion, art, or inttlicd of making any thing 
 w liile. In C inaae, ihc mclhoa mace u e ot 
 to give the pieces tiia' brightnefsand la 're thty 
 have Oil ilicir (\tii coming out of the mint. 
 
 BLAr>iD, Adj. \l'uniius, Lat.J fooihing, 
 mild, applied to lan^uige, " "VViln bland 
 wi-rdi." Parntiije LoJI. Soft, t mperate, applied 
 to weather. " The Zephyts blind," Tkomjon. 
 To BLA'NUISH, V. A. [blandir, Fr.J to 
 inHiiUdte o;.e'& fcit into a perfon's lavour j tu 
 foo'-h, or allure. Seldom ufed. 
 
 BLA'KDJSHMEN T, S, [from bLndijh] 
 an iiiliriuaU/iii ad Irtis ; foft, mild, and knd 
 exprcliiuns, by which <t jxifoJi iltils into liie 
 Juvour of another. 
 
 BLANK, AHj. [b!anc, Fr.] whiLifh or pale, 
 applied to toiour. That which is not wrilien 
 tin. Uftd wit;i ihi v-oiAlyA, either cxprtirec 
 or Hnderiluod, coiWulcd ; dejected; 01 rtiewi'ip 
 t'le fi^iis of di'appointment. Applied tovcrfc,' 
 that wliich iias jio rhime j.bnt jMiltou, Thorn- 
 Ion, and olhf-rs, have fhewn this lo be the mod 
 mafculine ornament ot poetry, which bin-b 
 cur language to a nearer re!tm:)ldnce of the 
 Greek and Ronrian poetry, and f;ti in aixeiglii 
 beyond the p'.elry of the Frctjch and Italians, 
 which ihey mull look up ai with envy, ond ic- 
 knuwledge it impuflible for their enervate lan- 
 guages to attain to. 
 J5LANK., S. [from the adjedtivej la Com 
 
 B L A 
 
 merce, a void fpace, or that which has no 'a ri- 
 tiiit; on (T, but is left fo, in order to be fill?* 
 up. Jn Lotteries, a ticket which has no prize 
 crav.n sgiinft it. Figurav.vely, the mark or 
 point which an arrow or piece is aimed at. 
 
 To HLANK, V. A. [from the noun, blan- 
 
 chlr, Fr.J frgur. lively, to confiife; difappuintj 
 
 to evalV, Krinp to nothing, or render abortive, 
 
 BLaN'KF.T, S. [bhn^hitu, Fr.J a flulF 
 
 maie of woi.l, and uted for beds. 
 
 To BLA'NK.ET, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to cover or wrap in a blanket. " I'll blanket 
 my loins." Shaiffp. Lear. 
 
 BLA"NKLY,'Adv. [from bhnk and ly] In 
 fuc'n £ manner as caufes or fnews conlufion, 
 or oifippointment ; with whitenefs ; witk 
 palenefs. 
 
 To BLA'SPFIFME, V. N. [i/c,>.ff«jr#, 
 Lat. of ^Xa5->.^£/.4S.v, Gr. oLfihemcr, Fr.J to 
 fj ejk ill of God, his meiVengers, or things re- 
 lating to his fervite, and compreliended in hi» 
 revelation. In Law, an indignity, or injury 
 offered to the Almighty, by denying what is 
 h's due, or attributing to him what is not a- 
 grteable to his nature, L'lvdiv. cap. i. 
 
 BLASr-HE'iMER, S. [Uom blafpherr.e 3T,A 
 <rj one who utters difiefpeiSful or irreverent 
 things either of Cod, ChrilV, or any perfon in 
 ihe holy Trinity, God's mefRngers, or any 
 thing relating to religion, 
 
 ELA'SFHEMOUS, Adj. [frnm blajpbeme'] 
 that which is riifiefpeiflful or irreverent with 
 re!f.'e<^ to God and heaveiily things. 
 
 BLA'i.?H».MOUSLY, Adv. [from bUf- 
 flemcus and /y^ in fuch a manner as is incon- 
 fifte/it w;th that reverence wc owe the Deity ; 
 in fuch a manner as to fpeak ill of God, and 
 heaver.lv things. 
 
 BLA'SPHEMY, S. [from blaffime'] an 
 offering f^me indignity to God, any petf.,11 of 
 the Trinity, any melVcngers from God, hii 
 holv writ, or (he dod"lrinesof revelation. 
 
 BLAST, [bUJi, Sax, and Uan, from bU- 
 fan. Sax. blaafa i:ifinitive of blocs, Ifl. to blow] 
 a breath, pufl', or current of wind ; ihe found 
 made by blowing a trumpet or other wind in- 
 flrument ; a warm air, or other 2her.:tien in 
 the atmofphere, whicli withers trees, or caufes 
 a pcflilence; the plague or pcftilence, " By 
 the bliif} of God tb'V perifh." 'Job iv. 9, 
 
 To BLAST, V; A. [blafian. Sax. blafiiK, 
 Tout.] toinfedf vvi;h fome fudden plague or 
 infc6ticn, by means of the air ; to caufo a 
 thing to wither ; to luia a perfon's charafter 
 by fj,reading falfe rumour; to render an cn- 
 terprize abortive, or make it mifcariy. "This 
 wa'J blajled.^' Arhu!h, 
 
 BLA'STING, S. [from tljf,] in Mine- 
 ralogy, the blowing up a vein of a mine by gun- 
 powOer, which cannot be broken up by the 
 Ipade, the gal, and the ax, or foftened by fire. 
 BLATANf, Adj. [hkitari, Fr.] bellow- 
 ing, like a Calf. '• The blutanC be alls." £>rj«/. 
 Seldom u'ed. 
 
 ELAZE, S, Ib.'afe, Sax. H^/.a, h''Jk, Sclav.] 
 a flame,.
 
 B L E 
 
 i kitr.e, or the llglit of a fljine. Figuratively, 
 a Ipreading ahro.40 ; publication, or extending 
 a report ; JikewiCe, tile white mark on a horicS 
 forehead, reaching to his ncfe. 
 
 To BLAZ.E, V. [iroon the noun]ii''eH with 
 u^on, to fhine, or give ):glit. " Tlie third 
 tair morn now hlavid uf>on the main." Pcf^e. 
 Figuratively, to make a thing univerUllyknown 
 by report or rumour. Son-eimies ufed wi;h 
 the words abroad and a' out, " To bla'x.: abroad 
 the matter." Mark\.^^. '" Whofe follies, 
 i>hiz'd ab^ut, to allaie kno. n " Grairr. 
 
 BLA'ZER, S. [t'lom ^,'j^tr and «-■] one 
 Vi-ho fpreads abroad any report or ru.Tiour. Not 
 iiiuch in ufe. 
 
 To iiLAZ'ON, V. A. [b'afonncr, F..] in 
 Heraldry, to name all the parts of a toaf, in 
 their proper and technical term?. Figura'ive- 
 ly, tofetoui, deck or a<^orn. " Then i/aaoBS 
 in dread fmiles her hideous form" Gaitb. 
 To difcover to advantage ; to nifplay, " How 
 thylelf thou Z;/ii2;v«(y? — m thtfe two princely 
 boys j" Sbakejp. io fLr;ad abroad ; to make 
 univerfaily known. " £/jxow)nof ourinjultice 
 every where." Sba'-ffa. 
 
 BLA'ZON, S. [irom the verb] in Heraldry 
 the art ot exprtfiln^ the feveral parts of a coar 
 ot arms in its proper terms ; all perlons, be- 
 neath the oifii&e of a noble, muft have their 
 coats b/a'zcrid by metals and colours 5 nobles 
 by precious flones ; and kings and princes by 
 planets. Blazon is ufcd figuratively formsking 
 an) thing public; a p^mr^oas dlfphy of any qua- 
 lity, or claim iiu refprdl for any merit or dignity. 
 To BLEaCH, V. A. [ahlcce, Sax. of ^ 
 negative , and blece, Sdx. black, bkai, Balg. 
 bley.h, Teut. p^ilej to whiten a thir.g by ex- 
 poling it to the air and fun. Neuierly, to 
 grow white in the fun, (;r open air. " The 
 Vvhite (heet //iVac/jirp- in the open field." i^hak.\ 
 BLEACH1'NG,"S. [fn.m /-Atfdijthe art o* 
 making a thing w hitc, wh.ch w<.s not petfeftly 
 lo before, or which was of a different colour. 
 ELEAK. AJj. [\rnmbhcki.r blacc, Sax. 
 pale or liviH, cold having that eflecl on per- 
 lons] col ', fh^rp, ihill. 
 
 BJ-EAK. S. [fiom blaec. Sax. pale on ac 
 count of its C'llour] in Natural Hiftory, a 
 fmall river or frefii- w^ter fi'li, always in mo- 
 tion j its back is of a fea-v/atir green, and its 
 belly white, and (hining. Ehals ire excellent 
 feed, and in {e»(on in Auguft. 
 
 ELEA'KNESS, S. [irom lltak and c./jj 
 extieme coldnefs, applied to the air. 
 
 BLEA'KY, Adv. [from b.'eak} cold or 
 chiliy, owing to ihe wmH. 
 
 BLEAR, Auj. [l.'atr. Belg. a bllflcT] dim 
 or fore with water or rheum. Applied to the 
 eyes, that whi. h caufesdimnefs of fight. "Tc 
 cheat thee>e with bear iliufion." 
 
 To BLEAR, V. A. ffro:n the aHjcaiveJ 
 to orcafion riiinnefs of fight ; to make the 
 eyes furc with watsr or rheum. Eii'urativciy, 
 tu blind, or pr-jtenc the mind froTii taking no- 
 dte of things. 
 
 B L E 
 
 To BLEAT, V. A. i/aetan, Sax. bIctUn, 
 Delg. to make noife like a fheep. 
 BLE AT,S.( from the verb] the cry of a /heep. 
 
 BLED, Psrt. from BUid. 
 
 To BLEED, V. N. [prttet I bUd, or have 
 bkd i from bJeJdn, Sux.J to loofe bloovl by a. 
 wound, (^c. to die by bleeding. " The lamb 
 thy riot dooms tn/iiVf^." Pope. Figurativelr» 
 to drop like thick or rich blo9d. " For me 
 the balm ihall bhed.'" Po/.e. Ufed aftively, 
 to txcr»rt bl'jod from a perfon by opening a 
 vein viih a hfncet ; to let blood ; from iha 
 Saxon r-h.ildUdtt) or bleed- laetan, Bclg. 
 
 To BLE'MISH, V. A. to mark with any 
 de'eifl j to fpot, flain, or any others ways to 
 roDU thing of its beauty, value, or pcrfe£lion. 
 Figuratively, to def .ime ; to ruin a perfon's re- 
 I urat'on. " tint that my vcrl'e would bUh.ijb 
 all the fdir." Dryd. 
 
 BLE'MiSH, S. [from the verb] applied to 
 perfcnal charms, a fear, or any thing that di- 
 minifhes their perfection. Applied to manu- 
 faflu.'es, a defei£t either in the making, or 
 owing to fome accident. Applied to moral 
 conduiS, 3 reproach, difi'/ace, defeat, or fault. 
 
 To BLEND, V. A. [bitndan, Snx. blander, 
 Dan. J to rnix or minf;le things tcge'her im- 
 pcifetUy, or fo as the feveral compounds may 
 re difcovered, apolied to the mixing of colours, 
 '•' But b'enJtJ, not united." Boyh. 
 
 BLE'NDER, S. [from bknd and «.-] a per.^ 
 fon who rr.ir;g!es things together. 
 
 BLE'.MHEIM, S. a village of Bavaria, one of 
 the circles of Germany, on the V/. fide of the 
 Danube, betwi>.t which and that of Hochftet, 
 hence indifcriminstely called, the vidlory of 
 HuthfleC or Blenheim, was fought on ever- 
 memorable battli, Augufi: 2, 1704, by the 
 confederates under John duke of Marlborough 
 ar.d Prince Eugene, in which the French and 
 Bavarians, commanded by the duke of Bjvarii, 
 and t!;e mailhals T.illard and Mariin, where en- 
 tire'y defeated ; when Tallard was taken pri- 
 foncr, and contmued fo in England until per.ce 
 was cor^c uJed. In this bloody and obflinate 
 bdttle upv/nrds of 20,coo lives were loli : and 
 Blenheim, which lay on the flaik of the 
 French army, being crowded with their fol- 
 diert, upon the turn of the aftion, was fur- 
 rounded and fet on lire by the allies j whea 
 lo,cco men wcte forced to furrenricr at dif- 
 cretion, btfi^les tfhe many thoufands that were 
 pufhed and periflied in the Danube. It lies 
 three mik'S N. E. of Hochftet, and twenty- 
 five N. W. of Au',;(bourg, Lat. 48 dfg. 40 
 min. N. Long, lodeg. 25 min. E. 
 
 To BLESS, V. A. [preter 1 bUJftdor bUJl\ 
 from bier fain, Six. hU£adur, blijftd, blejj-ii 
 and blclpd, Jfl. blaxen, Dalm. ilaxtr.iy, Eoh. 
 !u'jx(ns, Scalv. an.l RufT.J to pray for, or 
 wiih happinefs or good to a perfon; 10 praife 
 for h?pp-nefs received ; or alcribc our hap- 
 pinels to God ; to confer every thing ihat 
 can make a psrfyn perfc<f\ly happy, applied to 
 God. 
 
 L z BLE'SSED,
 
 B L I 
 
 BLE'SSED, Part. pafT, of ttefs. 
 BLE'SSEDLY, Adv. [from blfffcd ini />-.] 
 in a manner which communicates the greateft 
 hapoinefs that can be wifhed. 
 
 BLE'SSEDNESS, S. [from hlcjfcdin^, ref:,] 
 that quality which renders a perlon extremely 
 happy ; the ftate of confammate felicity in hes- 
 ven. Figuratively, the divine favour. 
 
 BLE'SSER, S.' [from hltjs and e<-,'] he that 
 prays or wifhes ths happinefs of another ; he 
 that profpers any undertaking, applied to the 
 Deity. 
 
 BLE'SSING, S. [from W'/j,] a declaration 
 of future happinefs in a prophetic manner ; a 
 prayer in which happinefs is requefted. Figu- 
 ratively, the divine favour ; any means or 
 caufe of happinefs 5 any great advantage or 
 benefit. 
 
 BLIGHT, S. [from blyche, Teut.] in 
 Botany, a dileafe inLident to plants, or fruit- 
 trees ; the caufes of w hich have been varioufly 
 affijincd hy difierent author!. For t.ht blights 
 of corn, fee SMUT. Figuratively, any thin^ 
 which makes an undertaking mifcarry, or dif- 
 appoiiits a perfon's expectations. 
 
 To BLIGHT, V, A. [from the noun] to 
 ftop the vegetation of a tree j to tender it 
 barren ; to wither. Figuratively, to bUft; 
 deftrcy, kill, or wither. " BUgkt the tender 
 buds of ioy." Lytilet. 
 
 BLIND, Adj. [blirJ, Sax, D^n. Teut. Hinds, 
 Goth, blindur, Jfl.] not able to fee; dt^prived ot 
 fight. Figuratively, ipnorant, with the par 
 jicle to, before the object. " All authors to 
 their own defects are hlimi.'" Dryd. Some- 
 times with of. " Blind of ihe future." Dryd. 
 Dark, not e^jfily to be fcen, or found. 
 
 To BLIND, V. A. [from the noun] to de- 
 prive a petfon of hif fi§ht : to prevent a perfon 
 from feeing ; to darken. Figuratively, to ren- 
 der a thing obfcure, and not eafily compre- 
 hendeJ. 
 
 BLIND, S. fomething made ufc of to inter- 
 cept the light, Figuratively, fomething made 
 \ifeof to divert the tye or mind from attending 
 to the defign a perlnn is carrying on. 
 
 To BLIN'DFOLD, V. A. to hinder a perfon 
 from feeing, by folding or tying fomething be 
 fore his eyes 
 
 BLl'.N'DFOLD, Adv. with the eyes co- 
 vered ; with the eyes fhut. Figuratively, with- 
 out confireration ; without ufing our reafon. 
 BLl'NDLY, Adv. [from blind and /y,] 
 without fight. Figuratively, fcarcelyor hardly 
 to be perceived ; without examination j im- 
 plicitely. 
 
 BLrNDMAN's Bukf, S. a play wherein 
 a perfon endeavnurs to cateh fome one ot the 
 company, after fomething is tied over his eyes 
 to prevent his feeing. 
 
 BLI'NDNESS. "S. [from blind and nefs] 
 lofs of ihc faculty of feeing, arifing from the 
 lofs or diltemperature of the organs ot the 
 eye. Figurativcly> ignorance, or want of 
 knowledge. 
 
 S t 
 
 BLWDSIDE, S. ufed figuratively tii tt^ 
 prefs the foibles or weaknefs of a perfon, which 
 expofes him to the artifices of others, 
 
 BLI'NDWORM, S. in Natural Hiftory> 
 
 the larger flow worm, fo called from the fmall- 
 
 fs of it« eyes, which hath induced fome to 
 
 think it hss none ; a kind of fmall viper, the 
 
 leaft of the Englilh venomous reptiles. 
 
 To BLINK, V. N. [hlincktr, D*n. blwken, 
 Btlg.J to wink with one eye ; to (hut one 
 eye ; to be blind of, or to fee obfcurely with 
 one fve. 
 
 BlVnKARD, S. [from blink and aerdt, 
 Belg. natuie] one who has bad eyes; one who 
 fees but very dimly. Figuratively, one who 
 difcerns but very impetfeftly. 
 
 BLISS, S. \hli^'e, S»x. of br!f!an, Sax. to 
 rejoicej joy arifing from the oofTeflion of fome 
 great and important good ; a ftate of happinefj 
 or of the higheft felicity ; moft commonly ap- 
 plied to the happinefs of the heavenly man- 
 lions. 
 
 BLI'SSFUL, Adj. [from blifs and/a//,] a- 
 bounding with joy ; poiTefled of the higheft 
 degree of happinefs. 
 
 BLI'SSFULLY, Adv. [from blififul and 
 ly,\ in fuch a manner as to /hew the greateft 
 figns of joy ; occafioned by the poflirflion and 
 enjoyment of happinefs. 
 
 BLl'SSFULNESS, S, [from bUfsful and 
 nefs,] the quality or flate of extreme joy, 
 arifing from the enjoyment of an impoitant 
 and immenfe good, 
 
 BLI'STER, S. [bluyjler, Belg.] a fwcUing 
 ot the fkin, generally filled with a watry 
 flui^ afterburning, fcalding, &ff. In Phar- 
 macy, a medicine which attrafts the humours 
 to a particular pait, and by that mean: raifes 
 the cuticle. 
 
 To BLI'STER, V. N. [from the noun] 
 to rife in bliflers ; to be covered with blifters. 
 Ufed actively, to raife bliftcrsby burning; to 
 apply a plaifter, in order to ravfe a blifter. 
 
 BLITHE, Adj. [blithe, Sax, bUde, Belg. 
 blyUr, Ifl.J gay, airy, joyous, fprijhtly, 
 owing to the enjoyment of fome good. 
 
 BLl'THLY/Adv. [from blithe and /y,] in 
 a joyoiip, fprightly, or airy manner, 
 
 BLl'THNESS, S. [from blith and «/j,] 
 the ftate of joytul alacrity and fprightlinefs. 
 
 BLITHSOJVIE. Acj. [from blitb ind fome, 
 of fum, Sax. implying a great degree of any 
 quality, as lang, Sax. long, larg-fum. Sax, 
 very kfig] very gay, airy, or fprightly ; cheai- 
 ful. 
 
 To BLOAT, V. A. [probably from bkivart. 
 Sax. to fwell with wind] to /well with wind. 
 Figuiatively, to (hew pride by the looks or 
 gefture. Neuterly, it implies to look as if 
 fwelled by wind ; generally applied to a per- 
 fon's growing lufty, but appearing at the fame 
 timeof a-n unfound or weak conftitution. 
 
 BLO'ATEDNESS, S. [from bhated and 
 «/j,] the ftate of a perfon or thing puffed up 
 witb fat, or fwelled with wind. 
 
 BLO'BBER;
 
 B L O 
 
 BLO'BBER, S. a bubble. " There fwim 
 tneth in the fea a round llimy fubftance called 
 a hlohber.'"'' Carevi. Not in common ufe, 
 BLOBBER-LIP, S. a thick lip. 
 BLO'B-LlPPED.or BLO'BBER LIPPED, 
 Adj. that which has thick lips, appli-d both 
 to perfons and things " A blob-lipped Aell." 
 Grew, " Flat-nofed and bkbb:r-l'ipped.''^ 
 IS Eftrange, 
 
 BLOCK, S. \hlock, Belg. Teut. and Ifl. 
 hloc, Fr.] a heavy piece of timber, more thick 
 than lonp- ; any maffy body; a peice of wood 
 formed in the fhape of a fkuU, made ui'e of by 
 barbers to make their perukes upon ; a piece 
 of wood ufed by hatters to form or drefs their 
 hats on ; the wood on which criminals are 
 beheaded ; pieces of wood belonging to a (hip, 
 fitted with fhives and pins for running-rigging 
 to go through. Figuratively, an obflru£tion 
 or impediment. " No crime is bUck eno jgh in 
 our way." Decay of Piety. A perfon of dull 
 parts, flow apprehenfion, or remarkable ftu- 
 pidity. 
 
 To BLOCK, V. A. [%«^r, Fr.] to flop 
 up any paffage ; to indofe a town fo as to 
 hinder any one from going into, or coming out 
 of it. Generally ufed with the particle w/i. 
 *' Blocks up the town." ylddif. 
 
 BLOCKHOU'SE, S. [blockbuys, Belg.] a 
 fortrtfs built to fecure a pafl'ige, and hinder 
 any one from going through. 
 
 BLOCK'ADE, S. [from *^f^%f, Teut.] 
 a fortrefs or bulwark, eredled to ftop up or fe- 
 cure a paffage. In war, a kind of fiege, 
 wherein all paflagesand avenues are feized and 
 ftopt up, fo as the befieged can receive neither 
 provifions, reinforcements, nor intelligence, 
 and are rednced to the neceflity of furrender- 
 ing or ftarving. 
 
 To BLOCKA'DE, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to feize upon, and block up all the avenues to 
 a place, 
 
 BLO'CKHEAD, S, a figurative expreflion, 
 ufed to imply a perfon of a Jj 11 apprehenfion } 
 want of parts and great ftupidity. 
 
 BLOCKHE'ADED, Adj. [fmmbleckbead] 
 remarkably ftupid, dull, and incapable of im- 
 proving, 
 
 BLOCKISH, Adj. [from block and ;7?.]like a 
 blockhead. See BLOCKHEAD and BLOCK- 
 HEADED, 
 
 BLOC'KISHLY, Adv, [from hlockijh and 
 /y] after the manner of a perfon remaikable 
 for his ftupidity ; like a blockhead, 
 
 BLOC'KISHNESS, S, [from blccki.'h and 
 "*/*] great dulnefs of apprehenfion J or ftupi- 
 dity. 
 
 BLOCK-TIN, 'S. that which is pure and 
 pnwrought. 
 
 BLO'CKWOOD S, in Law, the log-wood, 
 brought from Honduras, and ufed in dying 
 blacks. 
 
 BLO'MARY, S. [from bloma, Sax. metal] 
 ^he firft forge in an iron work, through which 
 
 B L O 
 
 the metal pafTes after it has been firft melted 
 from the mine. 
 
 BLOOD, S. [pronounced as If written 
 bluJ ; bled. Sax. and Dan. ilooJ, Ifl. blotbi 
 Goth, iloed, bleit, Teut. In Runic bloot 
 fignifies bloody facrifices] a red warm fluid, 
 circulating by means of the veins and aiteries 
 through every part o( an animal body. Blocd 
 is ufed figuratively, for family-kinJted, def- 
 cent, life. Joined with hot or cold, a mild 
 or warm difpofitioa ; a perfon of a warm or 
 fanguine temper j a rak.e. Joined v/ithfejh, 
 ufed in fcripture to fignify human nature in 
 its corrupt ftate, or the ftate of unaflifted 
 reafon. '■ Flejh and blood has not revealed 
 iv," Alatih. xvf. 27. The juice of vege- 
 " tables. The A/oc)(f of the grapes." Gen.xMx, 
 II. 
 
 To BLOOD, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 ftain wifh blood ; to let blood. 
 
 BLOO'D-HOT, Adj that which has the 
 lame degree of heat as the blood, 
 
 BLOO'D HOUND, S. a hound that fol- 
 lows by the fcent j felzes with great fierceiiefs, 
 will not quit the track of the perfon he pur- 
 fues, and is trained to the fport by blood. 
 
 BLOO'DILY, Adv. [from bloody and ly] 
 in a cruel favage manner j inclined to murder 
 or bloodfhed. 
 
 BLOO'DINESS, S. [from bloody and rtefs] 
 the ftite or appearance of a thing ftained with 
 blooH. 
 
 BLOO'DLESS, Adj. [(rom blo^d ani lefs] 
 without blood ; having no blood. Figura- 
 tively, dead ; pale. 
 
 BLOO'DSHED, S. inurder occafioned by 
 giving a perfon a wuund, by which he bleeds 
 to death ; (laughter. 
 
 BLOO'DSHEDDER, S. [from hloodjhed 
 and f/-,] one who murders another, 
 
 BLOO'DSHOT, or BLOODSHOTTEN, 
 Adj. [from blood zni (hat, o\ Jhotten \ itom Jhot- 
 ten, Teut. coa^luated, oxfcletan, Sax. to rufhj 
 a diflemper in the eyes, wherein the blood* 
 veffels are fo dlftended as to make them appea- 
 of a bloody colon'. 
 
 BLOO'DSTONE, S. {hhod-pin, Dan. 
 hloedjhin, Belg. blut-ftein, Teut. J in Natural 
 Hiftory, a mineral of a green colour, fpotted 
 with a blood-red, hard, ponderous, eompofed 
 of pointed nee>'lle9, and generally found in iron 
 mines. It is ufed in medicine as a ftyptic, or to 
 ftop blood ; and by goldfmith? and gilders to 
 polifh their works. 
 
 BLOOfDY, Adj. [from blood] ftained 
 with blood. Flgiirativclv, cruel ; murderous. 
 
 BLOO'DY-FLUX, S. See DYSENTERY. 
 
 BLOO'DY- MINDED, Adj. cruel } inclined 
 to murder or bloodfhed. 
 
 BLOOM, S. [bloma, Goth, and III. Mum, 
 Teut. bloim, Belg. a flower] in Botany, the 
 Sower On fruit-trees and plant*, which pre- 
 cedes their fruit. The fine blue fubftance ap- 
 Dcaring on plumbs, £fc. Figuratively, a 
 L 3 flourifli-
 
 B L O 
 
 B L U 
 
 flcurjdiing ftate, wjjifh they admltof increa^'e ] contemptible on account of its b^ing univcr. 
 and improvement. P'i'ly known, even to the vulgar; to be fldle. 
 
 To BLOOM, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 produce blon'oms or flowers. Figuratively, to 
 flourifh 5 to be in a flouriiliing fla'e. 
 
 BLOO'MY, Adj. [from bhoni] full of blof- 
 foms or flowers. Figuratively, in a ftjte of 
 vigour, or perfe£\icn ; in a fluurirtiing (liUe. 
 
 BLO'SSOMS, S. [from 6hjm, or hlofir.i, 
 5ax. hlcrJJ'om, Belg. a flower] in Boiany, the 
 flower which aheirv\'ards turns to fc^iton trees 
 cr phnf. 
 
 ' To BLOSSOM, V. N. [from the noun] 
 to put forth flowers or bloilomf, Vkhi>-h a)"ier- 
 V-'ids tirrn to fruit. 
 
 To BLOT, V. A. \l:l.tt]0, Blit. to ta'-^rp jr 
 
 fl:rii:e ou' with in!c, bl-A'^r, Fr. to lii'le, hicto, 
 r*ol. and i/j.'a, Sclav. DiliTi. and Roh. airt, 
 piud, clay, pr a ilnnij to drop ink on a paper 
 or other fubflancc; to effaci; or dafli ojt any 
 word with ink ; ufed with out. Fi^uralively. 
 to render a thing imperceptible, or invifilile ; 
 to ert'ace ; to (lain, fully, or difgrace. " It 
 blcti thy beauty.' Slxiiefp. To make hUck ; 
 to dailcen. " Earlli blots the moon's girded 
 wane." Com! y\. 
 
 ■ BLOT, S. a fpot of ink dropped by accidi-nt 
 on paper J a dafli of the pen on a word, in 
 order to efface it. Figuratively, a (lain, or any 
 tiling which caufes difgrace, applied to cha- 
 laGcr. 
 
 BLOTCH, S. a fore, puftule, or any erup- 
 tion of the fkin, which conveys the idea of a 
 defea. 
 
 To BLOTE, V. A. \hkffen. Btlg. to prow 
 red] to fnrioak, or dry with fmoak j hence 
 hlottd or red herrings. 
 
 BLOW, S. \b]nuiv(, Belg. hluivekn, to beat 
 with a mallet] a ftroke given with the fift or 
 any weapon. U'ed with at, a fingle attempt ; 
 
 An intrigue that is not yet bkivn ufon by 
 common fame." SfitSf. No. lOj. 
 
 To BLOW, V. N. [t/o^vJ>;, Sax. i%f«, 
 Belg. bluen, Teut. to produce flowers] in Bo- 
 tany, to bloom, to bloTum, to flourifh. 
 
 BLOWER, S. [from i/ow and e'-j among 
 Miners, a melter of tin. 
 
 BLO'VVINC, S. the an of forming glafs 
 into its vavicus fhape?, by breathing or blow- 
 ing with the moijih throiipli the blowiu',: pipe. 
 
 BLO'WZE, S. a female of a healthy ruddy 
 coimteiiance, or one whofe hair is geiierjily in 
 di("rder, 
 
 BLO'WZY, Adj. [from ilczvz.e'] ruddy 
 faced, or with the hair difordercd. 
 
 BLU;nBEI^, S. [See B/Mer, or BMher^ 
 <:J] the f^t part of a whale, which contains 
 the oil. 
 
 To BLU'BPjER, y. N. Umbahla-f, Ital.] 
 to weep in fuch a manrer as to make the 
 cheks fwell. Ued aQ:ve!y, to fsyell tl>e 
 cheeks with weeiiing. 
 
 BLU'BBERED, Part, fwelled, big, or 
 large, appli-H to the lips. 
 
 BLU'DGEON, S. a fbort ftick, having 
 one end loaded wi.h lead, (3c ufed as an of' 
 lent^ve weapon. 
 
 BLUE, Adj. [formerly fpelt Heir, from 
 hkc. Six. hlatvr, Brit. l>l,iio, Teut, bhuio, 
 or bhuciv, Belg. hku, Fr. kl-^e. Span, flat-v^ 
 Sclav. Dalm. Carn. f^laiv^, Pol. be/crvhy, 
 Boh ] of a blue colour. Ufed fubilantivcly 
 for one of the primitive colours of the r^ys ot" 
 1 ght; and among dyers for one of the five 
 fimple ormiOiosr colours, of wh'cb they form 
 the others. It is made of woad, 'mall woad, 
 or voiiede, and indigo. Tolak tlue n^'On a pcr- 
 fon, is to beliold him with an unfavourable af- 
 
 a fuddtii event; at once. " They lofe the i peO, "r forbidding countenance. 
 
 province at a blow." Dryd. The a£t of lajing 
 ordtpofiting eggs in flefh, applied to flits : 
 " The bkiui of flies." Chapm. 
 
 To BLOW, V. N. [pret. bleii', pa.f. pif- 
 five, bLicn ; of blaivaa, Sax. hlafn, Teut,] 
 to move, applied to the a^ion ot wtnJ. Ued 
 fometimes imperfon -lly, with the panicle it. 
 *' It bloivi a hjppy gale " Dryd. To breathe 
 upon ; to found by me-:n"; of wind. " Lr:t the 
 prating organ bloiu." Diyd, To found a 
 inuf cal inf^rument by the breath. Uied with 
 ever, to paf? or ceafe wiihout producing da- 
 mage. " When the florm is blotun o-vcr — 
 how bleft is the fv.ain .''" Gran-v, Ufed with 
 up, to mount into the air, applied to the rfleff 
 of gunpowder, " Some of the enemy's maga- 
 zines bLiu up," Tat'er, No. jg. Ufed ac- 
 lively, to drive or move by the torce of wfrd ; 
 to tncreafe a fire, by meins of a pair of b 1 
 lowf ; to breatlie upon ; to found a wind in- 
 flriirrent by the breath. " Their loud up- 
 lifted an-'el triimf.ets blow-" Mi't. Ufed wuh. 
 cut. to extineuifli by the wind or brcjth. I'feii 
 yiiiih upon, to become common j to Ltcotnt 
 
 To BLUE, V. A. [from the noun"! to make 
 of a blue CO our, to give liien a blueilh caft 
 by dipping thein.in cild water, wherein foap 
 and iivrigo h^ive been ^iiiolved, 
 
 "LU'EL^', Aav. [irom blue and ^] like 
 a blue colour; bluilh. 
 
 BLUE'NESS, ^. ['"roni ^/i/^aiid nefs] that 
 nuabtv wh'ch denominates a thing blue. 
 
 BLU'FF, Ac.j. applied to the looks, big, 
 fwelling, furly. 
 
 To BLU'NDER, V. N. [blundur, 1(1. 
 blunderer, Be]e. blandern, Ttur.J to be guil- 
 ty of a grofs millikc, induding the Iccon- 
 dary idea of contempt, Uied .ifHvely, to go 
 in a confufed manner in qutft or feirth, 
 " Llu-i'!ders round about a meaning. " Po/e, 
 To mix ienorantiy and by giofs mifake. 
 " He biunde'S and conlounds all thefe toge- 
 ther," ^tiU'iv^f.cct. 
 
 BLU'NDER, S. [from tb» verb] a grofs 
 miftake, applied both to actiois ar.dAvorW'^ 
 and carrvinp with it the idco of grofs and lidi- 
 culcHS niioidity. 
 
 BLU'NDERBUSS, S. rf.otn io-.dfrh.fi, 
 
 Bl,. 
 
 #*
 
 B L U 
 
 Belg. from rfsM'<;r, Belg. thunder, sni I'ti/Je, or 
 ir'yj/e, Belg. a lube, or from Luldier, Dan. 
 to make a roife, and hujfe, a tube] a kind of 
 gun or fiifee, whofe bairel is generally male 
 of brafsj and may be charged with feveral 
 
 bullets. Figuratively, a perfon guilty ofgrofs j cei'ed opinion of his own importance j 
 and ridiculousmiftak.es either in attions or bully. 
 
 words. BLU'STROUS, Adj. applied to the wind, 
 
 BLU'NDERER, S. [from blunder and <■/•] making a great nolfe from its violence. A,o- 
 
 one who cannot diftinguiHi one thing from i flie) to pt-rfons making a nolle, an4 afiuiniog 
 
 another ; one who is guilty of grofs and ridi- I the airs of thofe who are of f)nje importance. 
 
 BOA 
 
 Ing noife occafioned by the v'olencc of tJre 
 wind. Figuratively, the height or noify tur- 
 bulence ot anger, or vain c.mceit. 
 
 RLU'STERER, S. [from blujlcr and frj 
 a perlon who makes a great noife tio n a Con- 
 
 culc'us miftakes either in adV.on or language 
 
 BLU'NT, Adj. [according to Skinner from 
 phmp, Belg.] applied to the point or edge of a 
 weapon, that which will not pierce or cut, on 
 account of its ihicknefs, oppofed to fharp ; 
 deficient in politenefs or behaviour.; void of 
 ceremony or politenefs ; not eafily to be pene- 
 trated, " I find rny heart hardened and blunt 
 to new imprefTions," Po^t, 
 
 To BLU'NT, V. A. [from the nounj to 
 fpoil the iliarpnefs of the edge or point o! any 
 weapon, fo as to hinder it from piercing. Fi- 
 
 BMI, S, a note in miific. 
 
 BO, Jnterj. a word ufcd to excite terror ; 
 nccording to Sir Willrim Temiilf, from Be, 
 an old northein optain, whofc very luuks 
 teirifirr' hi? enemies. 
 
 BOAR, S, [,*"oi-.T,erly fpa!t h^re-, bar, nr 
 bare. Sax. beer, Belg. cbir, Tcut. boyo-oiue, 
 RulT.] the male hog. 
 
 BOAR-SPEAR, S. a fpeir ufed in hunt- 
 ing wild boars. 
 
 BOARD, S. [bord, Sa-f. a table, or houfe, 
 bra.i, S,, a pljnk, boui-d, Goth bwdd, Brit, 
 
 guratively, to Icfl'en the violence of any paffion. I a table] a piece ot timber fawn ihin for the ufe 
 
 " Blur.t not his love." Shake','p, 
 
 BLU'NTLY, Adv. [from blunt and ^■,] 
 applied to edge tools, not able to pierce or cut. 
 Applied to behaviour, without ce;xemony, po- 
 litenefs, elegance, or elocution. 
 
 BLU'NTNESS. S. [from blufjt and vefs ,] 
 
 of building, when thick it is caiJcd a plank ; a 
 table. A table^ round which a council or com- 
 mittee fits; hence the ccuncU b',ard ; the board 
 cf works. Figuratively, enteitainment, diet, 
 or food^ " May Ceres blefsthy board." Prior, 
 The deck, or fi.ior of a fliip^ Ufed with 
 
 vant of edge, point, or fharpnefs, applied to c-", within the fliip. Joined to iv'itbiut, as 
 
 ■weapons. Flainnefs, abruptnefs, want of ce- 
 remony, or politenels, applied to manners. 
 
 BLUR, S. [borra, Span, a blot. SkinnerJ 
 bJot or ftain. Figuratively, a defeft. 
 
 To BLUR, V. A. [from the nounj to ef- 
 face, erafe, or render a thing impeicep'.ihle 
 Figuratively, to ftain, applied to credit, beha- 
 viour, or reputation. 
 
 To BLURT, V. A. to fpeak, difccyer, or 
 dechre, without confiJeration, or notwitli- 
 ftanding CdUtion to the contrary. Ufed wih 
 the particle out, " BLurt out thofe words." 
 Hakeit}. 
 
 To BLUSH, V. W. {Ikjen, Bdg. to grow 
 red] to redden, or giow red in the face at being 
 charged with any thing which excites fli^me, 
 or feeing any thing immodeft. Figuratively, 
 to bear the colour of a blufh. Ufed with at be 
 fore the caufe. " BkfJj at your vices." CaUmy, 
 
 BLUSH, S, [from the verj] arednefsof 
 the cheeks occafioned by the confcioufnefs of 
 fome deft'ifl, or the fight of fome uncliafleob- 
 jett. Figuratively, any red colour. " Tne 
 rofes bluj}} fo rare." Crafiaiv. With the word 
 firj}, a fudden appearance, or at fiift fit,ht.- 
 " Obvioufly, and '^'^ f-'Ji bluJJy, appear to con- 
 tain, &°c." Locke, 
 
 to BLU'STER, V. N. [from b'as, Ifl. to 
 biOw ; blirji. Sax, a blall of wind] to roar, ap- 
 plied to tiie noife of the wind in a florni. Fi- 
 guratively, to make a noife, bully, hedlor, 
 Iwajger, or be tumultuous through a vain per- 
 luafion or conceit of a perfon's importance. 
 
 j^LU'STER, S. [from the verbl the roat- 
 
 'Lvit^oi/t hoard, out of the fhip. "\Vi:h over, 
 over the (ides of the fliip, or out of the /hip 
 into the fea. " Throived h\fn o-ver-board.''^ 
 Si:j>t by the bonrd, is to flip by the fides of a 
 fliip. To make a boiird, is to turn the (hip to 
 the windward. To make a good board, is ufed 
 ot a fhip when advanced much to the wijvi- 
 ward at one tack, 
 
 ToCOARD, V, A. [from the noun] to 
 enter a flip by force j to at-tack or make tha 
 firft attempt ; from the French aborder qufl- 
 quun. To cover with boards. To board it 
 ujj to the wind, is to turn a ihip to the wind- 
 ward. 
 
 To BOARD, V. N. [from lurJd, Brit. 
 and bord, Sax. a table or houfej to live and 
 diet at a houfe j to place a perfon as a boardpr 
 at a houfe. 
 
 BOAR^D-WAGES, S, [from board, im- 
 piyirig food, and ^t'd^fij money allov/ed fcrvants 
 to find thenifelves in vidfuals. 
 
 B0A'R()1:R, S. [from bo^rd and er,] ope 
 who diets, or eats at another''s table, at a 
 feitleJ rate ; a fcholarthat lives in the mailer's 
 houfe, and eats at his table. 
 
 BO ^'R DING SCHOOL, S. a fchol 
 where thefcholars live wi;h, and are found in 
 vi6tujU by the mafter. 
 
 BOA'RISH, S. [from boar and ifc; Sax. or 
 i/k, Goth. J of the nature of, or like a boar. 
 Figuratively, fierce, cruel, favage, lurious, ai^d 
 void of t^ery principle of hum.mity. 
 
 BOA'RISHNESS, S. [from boarijif and 
 
 iiij't\ the fuiious favije qual.ty of a boar. 
 
 L 4 Figuratively,
 
 BOB 
 
 yig'jralivcly, want of delicacy. kInJnefs, pity, 
 ani humanity. 
 
 To BOAST, V. N. lb']*, Brit.] to difplay 
 one's abilities in a proud, affuming, and vain 
 planner 5 to magnify, exaIt,.or be proiid o(.\ 
 EO.\ST, S. the thing a perfon is proud of; 
 the caufc of a peiTon's piidc ; a vain and con- 
 ceited liirpby. 
 
 EOMSTER, S. {(tomhcajl and <r] one 
 who makes a pompous display of his advan- 
 tages, whether they conliii: in power, wealth, 
 leafninu;, virtue, or religion. 
 
 BO'ASTFUL, Ad.i. [from loafl and full] 
 Jnciined or fubjeft to hrag ; oTenuiiou'-. 
 
 nO'ASTIKGLY, Adv. Uzorr. bo.^fi'wg and 
 /y] in fuch a manner as to brag of; or dilplay 
 Vviih vain ponceit, and pompous eYpreflions. 
 
 BOAT, S. [hat,hatc,S^-i. boot', Lot, lie.\i. 
 and Teut. bad, Erit. bateau, Fr.J a fmall open 
 vefTel, commonly wrought or moved by oarS, 
 intended chiefly fur rivers and lakes. When 
 rowed by one m.in, called a f:ullsr ; when by 
 two, namc.H oars, by the Londonos. 
 
 B'OATMAN or BOAISMAN, S. he that 
 manager, or works a boat. 
 
 BO'ATSWAIN, S. [from heat inifwa''n, 
 q^ J-wan, Sax. a keeper, boatj-ivatn. Sax. J an 
 officer on board a ihip, who nas charge of all 
 her rigging, takes care of the longboat, and 
 per furniture, fleering her by .hiir.felf ; c.Uls 
 cue the feveral gangs and their cor.".p.inies to 
 their watches, and other offices, and punilhes 
 ail offenders that are fentenecd by tlie captain 
 pr a court-mariial. 
 
 To BOB, V. A. [from boho, Span, foolifh 
 or fi)|y according to 'Skinner^ to conquer, or 
 drub. " In their own Jand beaten, totbed, and 
 thump'd." Sh-ikejp. To cheat, or deprive by 
 fraud and cunning ; " Gold and jewels that I 
 bibbed from him." Sbakefp. Tliefe fenles 
 feem now obfolcte. 
 
 To I OB, v.. N. applied to any body, which 
 being hung or fufpended by a ihing, plays 
 backwards and forwards ; to play or fwing 
 againft a thine. " A birth-day jewel hcbbir.g 
 at their ears." D>yd. " Againft her lip 1 hob.^' 
 fi/lUt, To give a perfon a hunch or pudi with 
 the elbow, by way of figna], or to make him 
 take notice of any particular, 
 
 BOB, S. [from the verb neuter] a jewel or 
 other ornament which hangs loofe from the 
 ear J the word or fentence repeated at the end 
 of every verfe or ftanza of a fongj a blow, 
 bunch, or pufh with the elbow, 
 
 BOB, S. [from bob, to cut] a ftiort peruke. 
 BO'BBIN, S. [bobme, Fr. from hombyx, 
 Lat.J a fmall piece of wood turned in the form 
 of a cylinder, with a little border jutting out 
 St each end, and bored through its length to 
 fcrew a fmall iron fpindle, and to wind thread, 
 Viorfted, filk, ^c. upon ; the fmall reed put in 
 the hollow of a fliuttle, round which the 
 thread or lijk is wound to make the woot ; a 
 fn»?ll neat turned ftick, round which the 
 thread ii wound to mjke bone lace with j like* 
 
 BOD 
 
 wife t rotrnd white tape, ufcd by the ladies as | 
 running tiring for their aprons, c^ps, &c. 
 
 BO'BCHER RY,S.a game imong children, 
 wherein a cherry is fufpended by a firing, 
 which they ftrive tp bite, or get into their ■ 
 mouths. 
 
 BO'BTAIL, S. [from bob cut, and taU] a 
 dog which has his tail cut cfl" entirely, or very 
 fl'.ort ; hence the adjective Bfbta'd\i. 
 
 BO/CARDO, S. "in Logic, the fifth mode of 
 the fiift figure of fyliogilms, wheiein the firft 
 proppfition is particular and negative; the fe- 
 cond univCilal and affiima:ive ; the third, or 
 conclcifion, particular and negative ; and the 
 middle term the fubjeil of the iirrt and fecund 
 prorofiiions. 
 
 BO'CAINSF, S. [Fr.J a kind of gummed 
 linen cloth ; buckiam. 
 
 To BODE, V, A. [hodian, Sax.] to convey 
 the knov/Iedge of fome future event, applied 
 to an omen ; to portend, uled both in a good 
 and bad ftnlc. 
 
 BOD'l-MENT, S. [from bc^f] (igns fore- 
 (hewing fome fu^^re event, uLd both of good 
 and bad evenis, 
 
 BO'DICE, S. [from lodut plural of b»dy'] 
 (lays, or a kind of waiftcoat laced before', 
 made of leather, and worn by country women 
 next to their (hifts. 
 
 BO^DlLEbS, Adj. [from body and kaje. Sax, 
 or leife, Cimb. implying negation, abfence 
 or want] that which, has no body j iacuipo., 
 leal ; immateiial. 
 
 BO'DILY, Anj. thaf which confifts of, or 
 belongs to, matter ; that which belongs to thp 
 body. Real, oppofed to chimerical. " Brought 
 \o bodily i€t..'^ ^bakcfp. 
 
 BO'DILY, Adv. [from boiy and/>i] in fuch 
 a majiner as to be united to the body, or matter'j 
 corporeally. 
 
 BO'DKIN, S. [Brit, boddikw, Teut. a di- 
 minutive noun, implying a fmall body, SkiK~ 
 ner\ an iiiftrament with a fmill blade, and 
 (harp point, to make holes with ; an inrtru- 
 ment lormed like a needle with a long eye, 
 uf..d by (emalcs to run a ribbon orltiingin an 
 apron or other parts of their dreff , and tormcr- 
 ly ufed in confining and tying up their hair. 
 
 BO'DY, [bidige, Sax. ftature, bad, Brit, 
 a tabernacle or dwelling, the body hcing the 
 tabernacle or dwelling of the foul, rir of boede, 
 Teut, a covering in the lame fenlej in Fhy- 
 (ics, a folid, extended, palpable fubltance, of 
 itfelf merely pafTive, and indift'crer)t either to 
 motion or reft, but capable of any fort of mo- 
 tion, or any kind of forms, comp(>fed of par- 
 ticles infinitely hjrd, (f> as never to wear or 
 break into pieces. In A natomy, that part of 
 an animal compofed of bones, muicles, nerves, 
 canals, and ju'ces. The real exigence of a 
 thing or its completion, in opoofition to an 
 image, (ludow, rep'-efentation, or type. " But 
 the body is cf Chnlt." Coloff'. ii. 17. A collec- 
 tion ot perfons united by (bmc common tye, or 
 .charter. Applied to drefs, that part which 
 
 covert
 
 BOH 
 
 cover» the bndy. " The tody of a coat." The 
 materials which cotrpofe a (tuft or othcf ma- 
 pufadture. " Paper of a pood body.'"'' Applieii 
 to l.quors, ftrcngth. " Wine of a good body.'"' 
 Subftance. " A metalline *»^." B.yU. The 
 main or chief pait of a thinj;. '* The kody of 
 a church." A perfeft fyfliini, or thjt which 
 coiitainsall the branches of a fcieuce. " A 
 bedy of divinity." " A body of layis." 
 
 To BO-'Oy, V. A. to produce; to Iring 
 into beinj; \ " Imagination hodla iorth the 
 foi'ms o'' lliings unknown." Shakefp, 
 
 BO'DY-CLOATHS, S. the cloahs which 
 tover a ho'fc's body, when dieted, &?<:. 
 
 BOG, S. [from hog, Inft, foft, hiogJii, 
 Belg. to bsnd, hucca, Itdl. a hole] a moilr rot- 
 ten 'pot of emh, which finks and gives way 
 to the wcijiht of the booy, formed ol grafs or 
 plants puirificQ by fo:nc fpiing ; a mailh or 
 jnorafs. ,./ 
 
 To BO'GGLE, V. ^^ [bogil, Belg. a 
 Tpeiylre, ghoft, orbug-beatj to ftaiC, run, or 
 fly back at the fight of a terrifying objcdt. 
 Ufed wiih the panicle at, to hefitate ; lo 
 doubt ; to difftimble ; to be guilty of preva- 
 fication ; or to pljy \a^ and loofe. Ufed wiih 
 the particle iv'uh. " It was time to beggli tviih 
 tlie world." 
 
 BOG'GLER, S. [from boggle and rr] a 
 perfon lull of douois; a fearful or timorous 
 perfon. 
 
 BO'G-TROTTER, S. one who lives in a 
 boggy couniry. 
 
 BO'GGV, Adj. [from bog] abounding in 
 bogs, partaking ot the nature or c^u^lity of a 
 
 ifg. 
 
 BO'HEA, S. [I'eni hut. Chin ] one of the 
 be.'V teas w hich conies' from Chin.<, and is the 
 fecond gathering ; for all leas grow on the 
 fame planl, and differ only according to the 
 feafon of gathering ; and the method of drying. 
 After it k gathered, it is dried in pans over a 
 <ire, and rolled up in the form we have it, by 
 a perfon employed for that purpofc ; the juice 
 or oil of the pUnt, which then moKlens Ins 
 hands, being of fo corroding a nature, that i( 
 often eats into his fiefli, and produces the 
 fame effecV as a cauftic. Bohea tea is very 
 fe.'viceable, and where it agrees with a perfon, 
 excels all other vegetables for preventing 
 fleepinefs or dullnefs ; for taking oft' weari- 
 nefs or faiigue j for raifing ihe fpirits, corro- 
 borating the memory, and other faculties, 
 which depend on a due temperature of the 
 brain, if ufed chiefly in an afiernoon, drank 
 moderately, and not too hot, as is the general 
 cuftom. 
 
 BOHE'MIA, in general, includes the king- 
 dom of Bohemia Proper, the duchy of Sile- 
 fia, and marquifate of Moravia, lying all to- 
 gether ;n the form of a lozenge. It is bounded 
 by Auftriaand Bavaria on theS. Brandenburg, 
 the elcdlotate of Saxony, and Lufatia, on the 
 N. the palatinate of Bavaria, and another part 
 fif Saxony, on the W. Poland and Hungary on 
 
 B O I 
 
 the E. It lies between lat. 48 deg. and j* 
 min. N- being about 300 miles in length 
 and 150 in breadth. It formerly include4 
 Lufatia, till it was granted by the houfc of 
 Auftria to the eleftoral houfe of Saxony, 
 And the preateft part of this kingdom was 
 taken in the year 1741 by the kiugof Pruflia, 
 who ftill pofiefTes Silefia, it having been fincc 
 ced.ed to him by the queen of Hungary. Bo- 
 hemia being an inland country, and remote 
 from the fea, the cold is more intenfe here 
 than in fome ether places under the fame la- 
 titude ; and yet the air is not healthy, cfpe- 
 cially between Bohemia Proper and Moravia, 
 and towards the S. and E. parts of Bohemia, 
 on account of woods and miounrains, though it 
 lies more open to the N. and W. Its princi- 
 pal rivers are, the Elbe, Muldaw, Egra, Oder, 
 Viflula, Moraw, Teyn, and Igla. Its reve- 
 nues aie reckoned at about 1,400,00!. com- 
 munibus amis. 
 
 To BOIL, V. N, {bouiller, Fr.] to be vio- 
 lently agitated with heat ; to have its particlet 
 let into a violent motion by fire, and fo to be 
 able to fcald any thirigimmerfed in it, applied 
 10 water. Figuratively, hot ; to move with 
 4 violent motion, like that of boiling water ; 
 to be placed in boiling water, to drefs vic- 
 tuals by boiling. To boil ever, applied to 
 water, or other fluids, to have its contents fo 
 rarefitd by heat, as to take up a larger dimen- 
 fion than before, and to run over the fides of 
 a veflel. 
 
 To BOIL, V, A. to drefs victuals in water 
 boiled over a fire. 
 
 ROl'LER, S. [from i'oiV and frj one wha 
 bulls any thing } a veffel in which a thing is 
 Lolled. 
 
 BO'ILING, S. [in Phyfics] the particles 
 (if fuel p Jfing the pores of the veflel, mix 
 with the liquid, and meeting with a refiftance 
 there fufticient to deftroy their motion, they 
 communicate it to the water ; hence arifes a 
 Imall inteftinc motion in the particles of that 
 fluid ; but the firft caufe (till continuing, that 
 motion is increafed till the agitation of the 
 water becomes fenfible : but now the patticles 
 of fire, continual y flriking on thofe at the 
 lowetl furface of the *ater, will impel them, 
 both by its impull'c, and by their own rarefac- 
 tion, upwards, during which the particles at 
 the upper furface muft, by their own fpecific 
 gravity, be defcrnding towards the bottom ; 
 which will ejfily account for the furface 
 of water's being fooner hot than at the 
 bottom, and a perfon's being able to move 
 a velfel of boiling water by putting his hand 
 on the bottom, without receiving any hurt- 
 The air thus dimini/hing the fpecific gravity 
 of water, (o as to make tt mount not only in 
 water, but likewife air, we hence are enabled 
 to account for the fleam or fmoak.' The par- 
 ticles of air dilated and expanded thus by hear, 
 moving upwards, will meet and coalefce in 
 their afccnt, by which means great quanti- 
 ties
 
 B O L 
 
 ties of "'atcr will rife and fall alternately, or, 
 ill other words, the uaier will botl ; but the 
 hejt continuing, and therarefadlionincrejrms, 
 the water will now be too much for the veJjel 
 to contain, and will cunfequently fweli ovtr 
 iiS fide?, which the vulgar call h'Aiing oret . 
 Jt tnuft however be added, that when water 
 boil?, it cannot be rendered hotter by any de- 
 gree ot fire whatever, 
 
 BOKSTEROUS, S. [''ypy, Pol. rapid, 
 fehemsnt, or fuiiour, l^yfler, Belg.J violent, 
 iiirious,' vehement, cr ftcumy. Roaring, ap- 
 plied to the wind. Figuratively, furious, 
 warm, hot, outr.)geous. Applied to perfons, 
 Violent. 
 
 BOaSTEROUSLY, Adv. [from boljlerous 
 ?nd /yj in a violent manner; furiouHv. 
 
 CO'ISTEROUSNESS, S. [from ko^flerous 
 and r.ejs^ the ftate or quality of being turious, 
 tumultuous, turbi:lfr!t, and ftormv. 
 
 BOLD, A,-;j. [bald, Sax. bJth, Goth. 
 ia-jde, Btlg. balJo, Ital. bald, Teut.] not 
 hindered from an undertaking, either by the 
 threats of others, or the difficuliies attending 
 it J daring, brave, courageou?, feailefs. 
 Jmptidenr, rude, applied to the behaviour. 
 l.icent;ous, or too free, applied to woras. Le- 
 vel, ffnooth, even, cpplied by fai'ors to f;tu- 
 ation. " Bold, accsfiiMe coafts." Jlcwel. 
 70 tr:a}:e bold, to take the liberty or fieedom. 
 
 To BO'LPEN, V. A. [from hdd'] lo grow 
 bold ; to make bold j to dilpel a peifon's feajs 
 or douhrs. 
 
 BO'LD-FACED, Adj. impudent, rot 
 ftewing any figns of ihame by the counte- 
 nance. 
 
 BO'LDLY, Adv. [from ^»/</ and 7y] con- 
 iidenlly ; with aflurance ; impudently. 
 
 BO'LDNESS, S. [from holding nffs] cou- 
 rage, intr-pidity, undauntednefs. " Having 
 therefore Zic/..^/!^/i, to enter, &c.'" Heb. x. ig. 
 The power to Ipeak or do what we intend, 
 before others, without fear or diforder. In 
 .■J bad fenfe, a refolution to do or fpeak any 
 thing before other?, though confcions of it; 
 being wrong or indccenr j impudence. 
 
 BOLE, S. [bolui, Lat.j the trunk of a 
 tre;-. " Up went a!I the bohs and bows." 
 CLaf'Pi. A meafure aboot fix EngliHi quarters. 
 in Nc;tur.il Hift' ry, and Phatmacv, a ponde- 
 rous different coloured earth and fo"ne m?rle, 
 but lefs fat than clay, fomev/hat fulubleinthe 
 mobih, of a rough tafte, and ftains when 
 handled, yltmeman bo'e, is a ponderous, far, 
 friatle earth, of an aftringcnt tafle, of a co- 
 Jour between red and ytliow, found in Ar- 
 ineni 1. 
 
 BO'LIS, S. [Lat.] in Natural HilTory, a 
 great fiery ball, fwittly hurried through the 
 air, generally drawing a tail after it. 
 
 BOLL, S. "[in Bot^nyJ a round ftalk or 
 ftem. 
 
 To FOLL, V. N. to rife in a flalk. " The 
 flax w.s holled.'" Ex. ix. 14. 
 
 EO'LSTtxl, S. Ib-JJUte, Sax. b:Jfer 
 
 BOM 
 
 loly Run. a nsepinj; place] a long ticking fack 
 filled with feathers, flocks, tS'c. made ufe of 
 to fuppprt or raife a perfon's head in bed. 
 Applied to drefs, a pad made ufe of to hide 
 .lorne deformity. In Surgery, a comprefs or 
 piece ol linen doubled, laid, or bound upon 
 a wound. 
 
 To BO'LSTER, V. A. to fupport, or 
 raife a perfon's head with, a bolfter. In Sur- 
 gery, to furce or keep the lips of a wound 
 ciofe, by means of a comprefs. Figuratively, 
 to fupport or maintain. 
 
 BOLT, S. [bollt, Brit, bcult, Belg. ^«Xif, 
 Gr. j a dart fhot from a crofs bow ; lightning ; 
 a tliunder-bolt ; a fliort p-ece of iron made to 
 fallen doors ; a fpot, cbftjcle, impediuient. 
 
 To BOLT, V. A. [from the noun] to fa- 
 tten v^.ih a bolt ; to fling out ; to fpeak with- 
 out hefitation. " When vice can bolt her ar- 
 guments." Milton. Figuratively, to faften. 
 " The pins which ^c// (his frame." Bcnjohg- 
 Ion. To feparate the fine from the coarfe parts 
 of a tiling with a fieve, from blutir, Fr. '" He 
 now had /'<;// ft/ all the flour." Faery Slueen, 
 Figuratively, to feparate truth from falihood 
 by rigorous examination. " Time and nature 
 v.'ill belt out the truth." UF.jlr. 
 
 To DOLT, V. N. to fpringout with furl- 
 dennefs ; to ftart cut with the cjuicknefs of an 
 anow ; to come in a hurry, or without due 
 confideration. Ufed with the woid cut. 
 " Boitii'g out upon the ftage." 
 
 KO'LT-ROPE, S. theVope on which the 
 fail of a fhip is fjftened. 
 
 BO'LTER, S. [from /-/.'] to feparate with 
 a fieve ; a ficve to feparate finer irom cojrfer 
 parts, peculiarly applied to that made ufe of 
 to feparate flour from bran. 
 
 BO'LT-HEAD, S. [in Chrmiftry] a long 
 ftraight-neckeri glafs veflel ufed indiftilluions. 
 SsL- MATR-^SS. 
 
 BO'LTING-HOUSE, S. [from boh, to 
 fift, and houje] the place where meal is fifted, 
 or feparated f;om the bran. 
 
 BO'LTSPRIT, S. See BOWSPRIT. 
 
 BO'LUS, S. [Lat.] in Pharmacy, a medi- 
 cine made into a foft mafs, about the fize.of 
 a nutmeg, to be taken at once. 
 
 BOMB, S. [iombus,L^X.\ formerly a loud 
 noife. *' A little flat noife in the room, byt 
 a great bovi'> in the chamber beneath." Baccn, 
 In Gunnery, a hollow ball of caft iron, filled 
 with whole powder and nails, pieces of iron, 
 ^c. fiirnifhed with a vent for a fufee or 
 wooden tube, replete with combuflible matter, 
 to be tjirown out of a mortar-piece. 
 
 To BOMB, V. A. [from the noun] to at- 
 tack with, or flioot bombs againft ; to bombard. 
 
 BO'MBARD, S. [bombarda, Lat, from 
 b,n,bus, Lat. a bomb, and aideo, Lat. to burn] 
 a piece of artillery ufed before the invention 
 of cannon, exceeding fliort and thick. 
 
 To BO'MBARD, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to fling bombs intp a town j to attack wiiti 
 bon bs. 
 
 BO'iM-
 
 BON 
 
 BOMBARDI'ER, S. [from hojuhaiJ] the 
 ei;;.incer who Pres or directs ths throwing of 
 bombs I ut of the mortars. 
 ' BOMBA'RDMENT, S. ffrom bombard] 
 an attack m3dc upon a cUy, &c. by llirowif.g 
 bombs into it. 
 
 BOMBA'SIN, S. [Fr. pronounced as if 
 wrote hor.hjzeen, (t'.m hmhinnus, Lat. ftlk- 
 enj a llighc filken manutadture, ufed for 
 mourning. 
 
 BOMBA'ST, S. high, pompous and fwel- 
 linc expreffinns, without any meaning. 
 
 BQiVIBA'ST, Adj. [from tlie noun] pom- 
 pout, fnnnroii-, but conveyinc mejn ideas. 
 
 BOMB-CHEST, S. [from h'.mb and cbefl] 
 a cheft fillaJ wi h gunpowder and bombs, and 
 y)l<red under ground in order to blow it up, 
 .together with thofe that are uorn ir. 
 
 BO'MB I-;ETCH,orEOMB VESSEL.S. 
 a fmail veflel, ftrongly Luilt, being ftrength 
 cned wi h lirge beams, to bear the ftiock of 
 a mor;ar at fea, when bombs are to be thrown 
 Irom it into a town. 
 
 BONA ROBA, S. flal. a fine gown] a 
 woman of the town, a proftitute. 
 
 BONA'SUS, fl.at.] in Natural Hiftory, a 
 fciild of bufJMo, or wild bull. 
 
 BON-CHRE'TIEN, S. [Fr. good chri- 
 ftian] a pear, i^ called perhaps from the name 
 of tome gardener. 
 
 BOND, S. \honA, londa, Sax. band\, Goth. 
 hand, Per. and 111. from bindan. Sax. and 
 ■Goth, bancerdan, Per. to bind] any thing 
 which confines a perfon's arms fo, that he has 
 not the tree ufe of them ; con^.s, or chains 5 
 that v;hicK holds the parts of a tiling together; 
 union, j )in:ng, or connexion. Figurativelv, 
 captivity, imprifonment, lofs of liberty ; obli- 
 gation. A tye, applied to alliance. In Law, 
 a deed by v;hich a perfon obliges hirr.felf 10 
 perform certain adls, under a penahy fpecified 
 therein. 
 
 BOND, Adj. [from gab.ndcn, Sax.] not 
 free ; in a flate of flavery. 
 
 BO'NDAGE, S. [from bond] (lavery ; a 
 ftate wherein a pen'on is deprived of liberty, 
 
 BO'ND-MAID, S. [/rom bond, bound, or 
 enflaved, ^nd maid] a woman or female Have. 
 
 BO'ND MAN, S. [from bond and man'] a 
 man ifl ive. 
 
 EO'ND-SERVANT, S. a perfon who is 
 under bond to ierv^ his mafter, and is not at 
 liberty to qui"; him. 
 
 BO'ND SERVICE, S. the condition of a 
 Have; fl-veiy. 
 
 BO'ND SLAVE, S. a perfon in inextrica- 
 ble flavcrv 
 
 BO'ND'S-MAN, S. [from ^W and man] 
 £ flave ; a perfon who has gived his bond as 
 fecurity for another. 
 
 BO'ND'S.WOMAN, S. a woman flave; 
 or one who his given her bond for fecurity. 
 
 BONE, S. {ban. Sax. btin, Teut. and in. 
 betn, Belg] in Anatomy, a white, hard, 
 kriule infeijfible fublta-.ce, f.ipporting zni 
 
 BON 
 
 firenfthenlng'the body like beams ai>d pillar| 
 in a building; defending fome ot the m ire ef- 
 ftntial parts, as the brain ; giving fijape to the 
 human fabric, and afiiftinp it in its motion. 
 The bones confiii of lamellie running lengthy 
 wi'e, and a.thed over at their ends. The wlf- 
 dom and benevojence of Providence is very 
 confpicuous in their formation. The number 
 of bones in a human fabric are reckoned to be 
 245, exclufive of the ofTa fefTatrjoidesi which 
 ?m'' jnt to 4S more. To make no bares, is to 
 m.ike no fcrupk-, alluding to the readinefs vvitli 
 which 3 dog devours a bo ic. fogireaperfona 
 bcriflc p::k, a low phrafe, .*or laying an obftaclc 
 in a pcrfon's way j or fuggefting fomething 
 which may perplex him. .^^ .ici^ of conten- 
 tion, a caufc: of flrife. Fisna, in the plural, 
 ate ufed figuratively for dice. 
 
 To BONE, V, A. to take the bones out of 
 the fir. fh. 
 
 BO'NE LACE, S, a cheap fort of flixea 
 lace, wove by hobb:ns made of bones, 
 
 BO'NELESS, Adj. [from bout and /c/i] 
 that which has no bone:. Applied to tbp 
 I'^ums, without teeth. " His io.w/f/i gums." 
 Shakefp. 
 
 To EO'NESET, V. N. [frofn b-Mzn&fct] 
 in Surgery, to I'ct a broken bone in fuch a po- 
 .'iiion that ihe two ends may meet and grovv 
 together; to reduce a diflocated bone into itg 
 prooer place. '' One pretending to ^jn^/i/.'j>;ff-.'* 
 }Vijiman. 
 
 B0N£SE'TTI:R, S. [from ^3r,f/-rtand tr\ 
 one who applies himfclf peculiarly to fet. bro- 
 ken or dillocjied bones. 
 
 BO'NGR.'iiCE, S. [/"i^irrfgr^rc, Fr. a goo| 
 grace or an airj a forehead-cloth, generally 
 worn hv infants. 
 
 BO'NNET, S. \hor::i, Fr ] a covering for 
 the head ; a cap ; or outward covering m ide 
 of filk, worn infle.id of a hat by the ladies. 
 In Fortification, a fmall work, or little rave- 
 lin, without a ditch, having a parapet of earth 
 from three to \z feet high, and from 30 to 36 
 feet thick. Bonne! a prctre, or a prieiVs cap, 
 an out-work with three faliant angles, and two 
 inwards. Among Sailors, fmall fails fetor* 
 the courfcs, or faftened to the bottom of the 
 m-zzen, m^finfail, or fo'efail of a fhip, when 
 they aie too narrow to cloath the malt, or ia 
 order to make more way in light winds, or 
 calm weather. 
 
 BO'NNILY, Adv. [from ianny and /y] In 
 a gay manner ; handlomcly. 
 
 BO'NNINESS, S, [from honny inA neft] 
 the quality of appearing gay ; handfome, or 
 plump. 
 
 BO'NNY, Adj. [from ban mafculine, lonne 
 feminine, Fr. good] gay, chearful, handfome, 
 young. 
 
 BO'NUM MAGNUM, S. [Lat. a great 
 good] in Gardening, a fpecies of pear. 
 
 B'ONY, Adj. [from bone] having the pro- 
 perties, or cynfift'og of bone j abounding in 
 bgne. 
 
 BOO'BY,
 
 BOO 
 
 BOO^BY, S. A dull, heavy, ftiipid, or con- 
 temptible fellow, 
 
 BOOK, S. [from l>cc, Sax. Iccb, Tetit. 
 hofh. Belg. hock, Dan. of Lc?, Run. a beech, 
 books conHfting anciently of thin-.-pieces et' 
 •wood, or the bark of the beech-tree, which 
 was preferred by the northern nations, on ac- 
 count of its abounding more than any o'her 
 tree in their parts, and fplitting eafisr into 
 thin pieces. fVcrmius's Dan. Antiq.J a com- 
 pofition of fome perfon, defignei to comniu- 
 jjicate fomcthing he has dlfcove; ed or coUeiSed 
 to the public, and of a length fufficient to 
 inake a volume ; a collection of papers fewed 
 or bound, intended to be wrote on 5 the divi- 
 fion of an author^s fubjeft. " The firft tock 
 ve divide in'* fefVions." Furmt. Ufed 
 with the particle in, and the perfonal pronouns 
 his or my, to be much eOeemed or valued by a 
 perfon. " I was fo much in b-s books, that, 
 <Eft." j^ddij. jyithoul icsk, applied to the 
 public delivery of a preither, by the mere 
 flrength of memory. 
 
 To BOOK., V. A. [from the noun] to en- 
 ter or Write any thing in a book. 
 
 BO'OK BINDER, S one who fews ihe 
 (hcets together, and fixes them to a cover of 
 boards, or leather, &c. See BINDER. 
 
 BO'OKFUL, Adj. one who is full of opi- 
 sions gleaned from books, without having 
 ritber digefted what he h^s read, or being able 
 to produce any thing of his own. " The Icoi 
 fil blockhead, ignorantly read." Pcpi. 
 
 BOO 
 
 ufed to fpread out the clue'of the ftudding-faJI, 
 main fail, or fore-fail j a pole, with budies, or 
 ba/kets, fet as a mark to fhew the failors how 
 :o fteer in a channel, when the country is 
 overflown; a baj. of timber laid a-crofs a har. 
 buur, to fecure its entrance. 
 
 BOON, S. [Uom here, Six. boon, ot hKn, 
 in. a requeft or prayer] a gift, or prefent, ob- 
 tairted bv having requefted or fueJ for it. 
 
 BOON, Adj. [ban, Fr. good] merry; gay j 
 " Heightened as with wine, jocund and 
 hion." Par. L'-fl. Generally ufed with the 
 word compar.xcn, 
 
 BOOR, .S. \bttr, Bele. gelure. Sax. baiotr^ 
 Teut.] a rude unpoliflied countryman ; a 
 clown. 
 
 BOO'RISH, Adj. [bazvnfcb, Teut. hterftb, 
 Belg.] without any breeding or politenefs j 
 rude ; downifh. 
 
 BOO'RISHLY, Adv. [from *wr>/^ and ly] 
 in an unpoHte, rude, and clownifti manner. 
 
 BOO^RISHNESS, Adv. [ftom ioorijh and 
 r.ffs] clowniftinefs J rudenefs of behaviour. 
 
 To BOOT, V. A. [hearen, Belg. to profit] 
 to be of fervice or advantage ; to profit; to 
 enrich, ferve, or accumulate. " I will boot 
 ihee \Kith what gift befidc — chat modefly caa 
 beg." Slaiefp, 
 
 BOOT, r>. \ioia, belt. Sax. a compenfa- 
 lion] gain, profit, or advantage. To boot, is 
 adverbial expreflion, [implying, befides, over 
 and above. 
 
 BOOT, S. [bcttas, Arm. botas, Brit, a 
 
 B0'©K1SH, Adj. [from book and tjh] very ; fhoe, tctte, Fr.] a leather covering worn over 
 
 fond of books, ftudy, or reading; pedantic. 
 Generally ufed jn a bad fenfe, and as a term 
 of contempt. 
 
 EO'OKISHNESS, S. [from beokifi and 
 nfj] a great fondnefs for books ; too intenfe 
 an application to Audy. Ufed fometimes as a 
 leproach, or term ef contempt. 
 
 BOG'K-KEEPER, S. a cleik employed 
 in acomptinghoufe to regiftfr the tranfafli- 
 oas daily carried on, and able to methodife 
 them fo, that his patron may at any time 
 know the true ftate of his afi-airs. 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, S. the an of keeping 
 afcoonis, or regiftcring a perfon's tranfafti- 
 ons. 
 
 BOO'KLEARNEDj Adj. [from iwi and 
 itarn] converfant in books, but not in men ; 
 one that reads much, but is a perfon of no 
 parts or invention. Ufed as a term of re- 
 proach, 
 
 BOO'K-l-EARNlNG, S. improvement or 
 learning to be acquired from books, oppofed 
 to that which may be obtained by the exercife 
 of a man's own faculties. 
 
 BOO'K-WORM, S. in Natural Hiftory, 
 a mite or worm wliich preys upon books. Fi- 
 guratively, a perfon immoderately fond of 
 reading ; one who applies hiir.fclf too intenfe- 
 ly to ftudy. 
 
 BOOM, S. [beam, Sax. becm, Belg. baum, 
 Tcut. a tiee] among Maiiners, a long pole 
 
 the legs and feet, and u!ed by thofe who ride 
 on horfeback ; a leather receptacle under a 
 coach-bux, ufed for carrying boxes or other 
 parcels. 
 
 To BOOT, V. A. [from the noun] to put 
 on boots. 
 
 BO'OTED, Part, with boots on the leg?} 
 in boots. 
 
 BOOTCATCHER, S. the perfon whq 
 pulls off boots at an inn. 
 
 BO'OTES,S.[Lat.]in Aftronomy.thenanne 
 of 3 northern conftellatipn of fixed ftars, 
 confining of 55 according to Flamftead ; one 
 of which called Arfturus, is of the firll 
 magnitude. 
 
 BOOTH, S. [butb, Brit. hJo, Sax. heed 
 Dan. bud, Perf. buda, Luf. and Pol.] a houfe 
 built of boards, or boughs, to be ufed for ^ 
 fliort time. 
 
 BOO'T-HOSE, S. a flocking worn inftead 
 of boots ; fpatter-dalhes; or Welch-boots. 
 
 BOO'TLESS, Adj. [from boct, profit, and 
 !ffs, of lea^e, Sax. laui, Goth, and kife, Cimb. 
 implying want, abfence, or negation] that 
 which will not produce any advantage or pro- 
 fit; unavailing; unfuccefsful, " I have fent 
 him boot'efs home." Sbakijp, 
 
 BOOT-TREE, S. an inftrument confift- 
 tng of two parts, when joined in the (hape of 
 a leg, with a groove cut in the middle, to re- 
 ceive a quoin, 01 wedge, which is drove in bjr 
 
 malz^ 
 
 IWt
 
 B O R 
 
 Riain force, in order to ftrctch of widen a 
 boot. 
 
 BOOTY, S, [huet, halt, Belg, kute, Teut. 
 tyttt, Dan. tutir, Fr. butim, Ital.J that which 
 is gained from an enemy in war; plunder; 
 pillage j fpolls ; things acquired by robbery. 
 *ro flay booty, is to play or adt unfairly. 
 
 BO'PEEP, S. the aft of thrufting the head 
 in fight of a perlon and drawing it back again 
 immediately ; fometimes ufed as a token of 
 fear, and at others a fjgn of pleafantry or 
 gaiety. 
 
 BO'RAX, S. [Lat.] a fait prepared from 
 the evaporation of water which runs from the 
 copper mines in Bengal, or other parts of the 
 Eaft-Indies ; likewife an artificial fait mac'e of 
 lal ammoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, fea-falt, 
 and allum, dilTolved in wine. 
 
 BOR'DEL, .S. [hordecl.Ttxil. horde!. Arm.] 
 a houfe of bad fame; or where women of the 
 town are entertained. 
 
 BO'RDER, S. [bord, Sax. and Teut. hr- 
 duTt, bord, Fr.] the extremities, or edge of 
 anything; the extremities, or confines of a 
 country ; the outer and extreme parts of a gar- 
 ment, or head-drefs; a narrow flip of flowers 
 at the extremity of a fiower-bed, ^c. in a 
 garden. In Heraldry, an addition on the limb 
 of a fliield, in form of a hem, or girdle, en- 
 compaHing it all round, and ferving as a diffe- 
 rence. In Printing, an ornament of flowers, 
 fcrolls, &c. fet round the edges of fmall com- 
 pofitions. 
 
 To BOfRDER, V. N. to live near to the 
 extremities or confines of a country ; to be 
 fituated near. Figuratively, to approach. 
 " All wit which borders upon prophanenefs." 
 TUlot. Ufed actively, to few a narrow orna- 
 ment at the extremities of a thing ; to lie 
 upon or near. " Thofe parts, which border the 
 fea." Raleigh, 
 
 BO'RDERER, S. [from border and er] one 
 who JwelLs near a place, or in the .confines 
 and extremities of a country. 
 
 To BORE, V. A. [bor^n, Sax. boren, 
 Teut. boorance, Belg.] to wear into a hole ; 
 to make a hole by any (harp-Dointed inftru- 
 ment ; to pufti forward with violence; to 
 make one's way, alluding to the ftrcngui re- 
 quired to make a hole with. 
 
 BORE, S. the hole mi de by borinj: ; the 
 inftrument ufed In boiing a hole ; tht ;■ nen- 
 fions of a hole or cavity, applied j-.d^liarly 
 to the mouth of a cannon, or other i;iece of 
 artillery. 
 
 BORE, the preter of hear. 
 
 BO'REAL, S. [from boreat] towards the 
 north. 
 
 BO'REAS, S, the north wind. 
 
 BO'RER, S. [from bore and er] an infiru- 
 ment made ufe of to bore holes with ; the per- 
 fon who bores. 
 
 To be BORN, V. N, pafT. [from bear'j to 
 come into the world ; ufed with the particles 
 *"/ /'"'t "id <>/• " He was borti to empire.' 
 
 BOS 
 
 " tie was horn for greatnefs." " Bern of xh.t 
 Virgin Mary." Creed, 
 
 BO'ROUGH, S. [of horhae, hurig, burb, 
 burg, Sax. borgo, Ital.] a town or corporation, 
 hich is no city; a town or village whicK 
 fends members to parliament. The whole 
 number of boroughs amounts to 149. Evyal 
 ' oronghs, are corporations in Scotland, made 
 •for the ad vantage of trade, having commifTioh- 
 ers to rcprefent them in parliament. Heai- 
 borough, the prefident or chairman of a h^ttn- 
 dred, chofen to fpeak, or tranfadt affairs in 
 their name. In Parifhes a kind of head-ton- 
 ftable, having others for his afiiftants. 
 
 To BORROW, V-. A. [borigan, Sax. hor- 
 gehen, Belg. borgen, Teut. barger, Dan. J the 
 taking money or other things of another, oa 
 condition of returning it again. Figurative- 
 ly, to take fomething which belongs to ano- 
 ther ; to affume a property which belongs to 
 fomething elfe. 
 
 BO'RROWER, S. [from borrno and erj 
 he that takes money, k^c. of another, on con- 
 dition of returning it again ; he that ufes what 
 is another's as if it were his own. Figura- 
 tively, he that adopts the fentiments of an- 
 other, without acknowledging that they are 
 fo, applied to writings. 
 
 BO'SCAGE, S. [Fr.] a place fet with 
 trees ; a grove or thicket ; woods or wood- 
 land. In Painting, a pifture or landfcape, 
 reprefenting woods. 
 
 BO'SKY, S. [bofqus, Fr.] abounding with 
 wood ; woody. 
 
 BO'SOM, S. [bofomt, bofm, Sax. boefm, 
 hofem, Belg. buftm, Teut.] the breaft ; that 
 part of the body containing the heart. Figu- 
 ratively, the embrace of the arms holding any 
 thing to the breail ; the middle or innermoll: 
 part of any inclofure. '^The bofom o( the 
 wood." In compofition, it implies favourite; 
 any thing near or dear to a perfon, or that 
 of which he is peculiarly fond ; thus bofitm- 
 intcrefl, bofom- friends, bofom fecret. 
 
 To CO'.-diVI, V, A. [from the noun] to 
 inclofe in the bofom. Figuratively, to keep 
 fecret ; to farround. 
 
 BO'.SON, S. [a corruption of boacfwa'titp 
 which fee] " The merry bojbn." Dryd. 
 
 BO'SPHORUS, S. [from (Saif, Gr. an 
 ox, and Tr.ip©', a paffagej in Geography, a 
 narrow ftraght or arm of the fea, which it 
 micht be fuppofed an ox could fwimover; at 
 preient confined to that of Thrace, called the 
 ilreights of Conftantinople ; and the Cimme- 
 rian or Scythian B.^fphorus, cailcdthe ftreighta 
 of Kapha, or Kiderleri. 
 
 BOS'QUET.S, S. [from ^(^cto/o, Ital. a di- 
 minutive of bofco, a wood or grove] in Gar- 
 dening, fmall groves, or compartments, formed 
 of trees, fhrubs, or tjll-growmg plants, planted 
 in quarters, either difpofed in regular rowj, 
 or in a wild and accidental manner. 
 
 BOSS, S. [b.ijp, fr,] a ftud or ornament 
 raifed above the reil of (be work j a ihining 
 
 ^rs-
 
 B O T. 
 
 prf'tninence ; the prominent part.ot that which 
 ftick^out ot the middle of a ihing, or ihield ; 
 a thick body. 
 
 BO'SSAGE, S. [from hfs'] in Architec- 
 turt;, a piojecling ftcne 1 lid rough in d builJ 
 ir.g, to be auerwards caived into nioulJii);;!-, 
 arms, &c. 
 
 BO'SVEL, S. [in Botany] a fpccies of 
 trosvtoot. 
 
 ■' EO'SWORTH, S. rinCeognphy] aplea- 
 fant town in Ltficcllerliiirf-, near which w^s 
 foaght the liecifivp bnt^h between Heniy VI.'. 
 and Richard 111. in whicli the Utttr was con- 
 quered and llaln. Ir liar, a werkly ni?rkct on 
 Wednefday, and is di^ant tiom London 90 
 computed, and 104 in ?f\iieJ milcs. 
 
 BOTA'NIC, or BOTANICAL. Adj. fpo- 
 TfflViXoc, Gr.j that wliich relates to herbs ; 
 /killed in herb?. 
 
 PO'TANIST, S. I (1 om iotany] one Vihi, 
 h fkilled in ths nature ot' plaif, and tlieir cul- 
 ture ; one who apt^lcs himlelf peculiarly to 
 the linriy of vepe'ahh-s. 
 
 BOTANOLOGY, S. [Soravc^yyix, Gr.J 
 a dircv'"'fe on pLnts, 
 
 BO'T-ANV, S. [-rom gc-av^ Gr. «n hcrW] 
 the fcienrc of herbs and plants. This And-, 
 was very lit'.le cultivated till Bauhine arofe 
 in the i5th ceatniy, and both reduced it to 
 nieihod, and incicalcd the number 01 irs 
 objeftp. 
 
 BOTCH, S. [/'o/.. Fr. />oz-z.a. Itil. t>oe-fc, 
 Belg.] a fvvellin^, which atteiwarJs er.ciuils, 
 difcolours the fkin, and caules a difagreeable 
 idea. Figuratively, the pait. of any woik 
 clnnifily or ill finil'hec', fo as to diigrare the 
 it(\ ; fornething artdcd^ or '"ir.ed to a tliii;^ in 
 a clumi'v m?nntr. 
 
 To BOTCH, V. A. ' Lcukn, Dan. hciraun. 
 Eelg.] to mend or pa'cli old clozths in a clumly 
 manner. Figuratively, to me.ld any thin^ in 
 an aiikward manner 5 to join things logethrr 
 which do not luit, or agiee with one anoiher. 
 To mark with pufiules, i'cabs, or blotches. 
 
 BO'TCHER, S. [from botch and «•-] one 
 v,ho mends, or icwi piichs on cl.l doalhs, in 
 a clumfy manner ; and is tlie laitie in refiieil 
 to a taylor. as a cobler to a fhoemakcr. Figu- 
 talivt-.ly, a perfon who (-crionr.s any thing in 
 a clumfy and bungling manner. 
 
 LO'fCHV. Adj. marked wi^h blotches, 
 •r running ibreB. "Were not that a io/fi^' 
 iore." Shakefp. 
 
 BOTH, Adj. [hoeJe, IQ. butu, hatzva. Sax. 
 bathur, Cimb.J when applied to two perfons 
 or things as concerned together, it unit-s them 
 into one colle<£live idea, which implies the 
 two. When followe.l by ar.d, it implies ei- 
 ther, or one as well as the other. " Both 
 mcrninp OHi/ afternoon." Sijrcw 
 
 BO'TRYOID, Aaj. [SiT^v'cihit, Gr.] in 
 fliape like a bunch of grapes. 
 
 BOTS, .S. [has no finj.u!ar, from bitar, 
 Sax.] a fpecies of I'moU worms Breeding in the 
 entrails of horl'cs. 
 
 B O U 
 
 BO'TTLE, S. [bouuUfi, Fr.]. a venre! 
 with a narrow mouth to contain liquor. 
 When made of leather, called a leatheril 
 boftle ; when of gl-ftf, a glils bottle. Figu- 
 ratively, a quart, hoitles generally holding 
 that 4uaniity ; a buiicle of grafs or hay, de- 
 rived frotn the French huteau, a bundle. 
 When compounded with other words, it f)g- 
 nifies drinking, as a oo.'//,f'companion. 
 
 To ECTTLE, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 put liquor into bottles. Ufed wiili the parti- 
 cle cff, to draw out of another vefTel into a 
 bottle. 
 
 EO-'TTLE NOSIID, Adj. one who has a 
 large nofe, very big towards ihe end. 
 
 nO'TTLE .SCREW, S. a fpiral wirc,made 
 ule ol to pell a cork out of a boitle. 
 
 EO'TTOM, S. \lotm. Sax. Lo,km, Bele.] 
 (be lovvelf part of a thing. Applied '.o a river, 
 the bed of earth, or j,r<.v(.l over which the wa- 
 ter glides ; a valley, d.ile, or low^r ground. 
 Figu'a'ively, foundation ; henre, t) the h'jtiort, 
 fomefimes implies iho.oughly. " His propo- 
 i'\\, flioiild be examined to the hotlomV Lcde. 
 "^i lie at tie bcttom, to be coiicerncd in, to hdve 
 a part or Ihire, " He was at the burom of 
 m.-.ny excellent counfel'." AJd'ij. A (hip, cr 
 vedel J hence, to embaik on the f 'me tuttom, is 10 
 venture in one bottom, to lUn a rifque together 
 in the fame thing. The bottom ot a lanf, is 
 the lovvefV pait. The bottom of beer, the 
 dregs. Ap[>lied to thrr-aJ, a Imall ball, from 
 lo.cau, Fr. a ht-nii or little biuiolt^. 
 
 T« DO'TTOM, V, A. [from th'- n.un] 
 to buil-f upon as a foundation, principle, ur 
 fupport; to wind thread into a ball, l.t^ed 
 ncu'erly, to be built on ; to be fupported by. 
 
 nO''rTO.VIED, A'ij having a bottom ; 
 uUir'.ly conipoundel with (orne other word ; as, 
 '' There being pieparcJ a number (t( Jlat bot- 
 tomed boats.'^ Baion. 
 
 BC'iTOMLESS, Adj. [from ^or/9w and 
 /'/jj without a bottom \ a prodigious deepj 
 that vVhicli cannot be fathomed. Figurjtivo- 
 ly, bomr.lkfs, infatiable. " Then be my paf- 
 fions br'to-jdefs." ^lakif{>. 
 
 BOTTOMRY, S. in trade, the borrow- 
 ing moi.ey upon the k'e' or bo.tom of a flap^ 
 whereby, if the money bi not repaid, at the 
 day appointed, the fhip becomes the property 
 of the crcdi or ; likewife the lending muney, 
 to be p.^id at the rvturn of the fhip ; in conft- 
 deration of which, tho'.'gh the inteieft demand- 
 ed be 2C, 30, 40 per cent, and upwards, it ij 
 not efteemed ufury ; becaufe if the (hip pe- 
 rifh"f, the creditor lofes his money. 
 
 BOUGHT, pieter of buy, and pronounced 
 baut. 
 
 BOUGHT, S. [from bugan, S = x. to twiftj 
 a twirt knot ; a link ; a bf n'ling. " The boughs 
 of I he (drc legs." Mrotoi'i J'ul^. E'r. 
 
 BOUILLE'E, or BOUILLON, S. [Fr.] 
 in Co.ikery, any thing made tf boiled meat } 
 broth, or fouD. 
 
 To BOUNCE, V. N. [formed from its 
 
 foundj
 
 B O U 
 
 found] to ftrikeagsinft a thing with fuch force 
 as to rebound back, making a noifc: at the fame 
 time. To fpring with force, applied to tlie 
 fpurting of beer out of a bottle. I;i familiar 
 languaije, to make a noife, bull)', or hedtor ; 
 to be ftrong made and aftive. " The bjunang 
 amazon." Shak. 
 
 BOUNCE, S. [from the verb] a fmart, 
 violent, and fiidden ftroke ; a fudden crack, or 
 noife, applied to the explofion of a yiin, or the 
 burrting of a bladder, &c. in low language, a 
 threat, or bodft. 
 
 COU^NCER, S. [from bounce zni tr] one 
 who is noify in his own praiie, or in his 
 threats agiinft another ; a bully ; a boafter. 
 
 BOUND, S. (from bind; home, Fr.J n 
 rcftraint ; a leap, jii;Tip, or fpring ; the flying 
 bick of a thing which is itruck againft ano- 
 ther wirh great force. 
 
 To EOUNO, V. N. [bondlr, Fr.] to jump, 
 fpring, or move on forwaids by leaps; to fly 
 back again when ft.uck againft a thing with 
 violence. Ufcd adtively, to inake a thing leap, 
 or mount by fits from the e«rih, m its motion. 
 
 BOUND, Part, of bmd. 
 
 BOUND, Acij. [abuTidi-n. S,}x. of bnuLin, 
 SdX. obliged] defined ; intending ; or on one's 
 way to a certain place. Ufcd with yir, and 
 peculiar to feamen, 
 
 BOU'NDARY, S. the extremities or ut 
 moft limits of a thing, or countty. 
 
 BOU'NDEN, Part, paffive of bind. 
 
 BOU'NDING-STONE, S. a ftone played 
 with, and made to bound from the earth, 
 when liiing from the hand. 
 
 BOU'NDLESS, Adj. [from bounding left] 
 that which is reitrained by no limits, confin 
 ed by no power, or fatisfied by no enjovrnent. 
 
 BOU'NDLESNESS, S. [froni boundkfi 
 and rc/sj the quality ot being without any rc- 
 ftraint ; inlatiablenefs ; infiniy. 
 
 ROU'NTEOUS, Adj. [from bourny] libe- 
 ra), or confeiring bencfiis largely, and from a 
 gnodnefs and kindnefs of nature. 
 
 BOU'NTEOUSLY, Adv. [from bountcom 
 and /y] iit a fiberal manner ; conferring benefits 
 generoufly, and from a principle of good nature. 
 
 BOU'NTEOUSNESS, S, [Uom bcumeoui 
 and iiefi] the quality of conferring benefiis 
 or favouis from a principle of kindnefi:, includ- 
 ing the idea of fuperiori'y. 
 
 ""BOU'NTIFUL, Adj. [from bounty and 
 fiiH \ conferring favours without reftriinr, and 
 from an internal principle of kipidnefs. Ap- 
 plied to things very much abounding in valu- 
 able prodnifts. 
 
 BOU'NTIFULLY, Adv. [from bountiful 
 and /y] in fuch a manner as to confer favours 
 or benefits with generofity, and from an in 
 ward principle of kindnefs. Applied to tl,in^;', 
 plentifully producing what isof fctvice and ule, 
 
 COU'NTIFULNESS, S. [trwi bonntifj 
 and nffs] agreat propenfity to beftowing favours 
 Cr conferrine benefits; generofiy, munificence. 
 
 ^OU'NTY, S. tYiom bsnh, F*.J the con- 
 
 B O W 
 
 fcrring benefits on others, diftlnguidieJ fi*'^' 
 charity, bicaufe exercifed towards objefts that 
 are not highly neceflitous ; and including the 
 idea ot a eift beSowcd by a fuperior. 
 
 To BOU'RGEON, V, N. [pronounced 
 hoor'pn, fiom bourjeonner, Fr.J to fprout ; to 
 (hoot into branches ; to produce buds. 
 
 ROURN, S. [from borm, Fr.J the exfre- 
 iniiies, bounds, or limits of a country, or piece; 
 of land. 
 
 BOURN, S, [from bourn, Sax. bam ,Be\%.'] 
 a brook or torrent ; when added to the nsTie 
 oi' places, it implies, that they are Ctuatei 
 near or uaon brooks. 
 
 To BOU'SE, V. N. \buylJin, Belg. houxa, 
 Cjpt. an intuxicating drink] to drink immo- 
 derately ; to tope. 
 
 BOU'SV, Adj. [from boufe'] intoxicated 
 vvitii diink. 
 
 BOUT, .S. [the or; pronounced like the oiu 
 in coTu, Botta, Ital.J a turn ; implying aj 
 much of an adlion as is performed without in- 
 termiiTion ; at once ; a part of any adfioti 
 which is carried on by fuccelfive intervals j 
 once. " %'jii bout,'''' this o.ice. 
 
 To BOVV, V. A. [hugan. Sax bocken, 
 '•uckoiv. Sax.] to bend the body in token of 
 refped ; to liften to, joined with the ear an.l 
 the paitide doiun, " Bozv down thine ear to 
 the poor." EcckJ. iv. 8. To prefs, or crulh. 
 Aifliveiy, to bend, or be bent j to make a 
 bow ; to ftoop, or incline the body toward* 
 the earth. " Bowed doiun upon their knees." 
 "Jiidg. vii. 6. To be ov-rpowered, or to ilo p» 
 under the preHure of affliction. " They lloop, 
 they bo'xu doivn tog-ther." 
 
 BOW, S. [from the verb, the otv pro- 
 nounced like that in coiv, or no'ry] a ftooping 
 of the hud and inclination of the body, by 
 way ol ceremony or compliment. 
 
 BOW, S. [pronounced bo, as if the iv was 
 dropped. Entt'i, Brit, hoga, Sax. bogi, Belg, 
 l^o^en, Teut. hue, Dan.] a warlike w^'apon or 
 inftrument m.ide of tnu^h wood, the extremi- 
 ties of which are t'^a by a firing, which be- 
 ing drawn towards thebody of a pc'rfon, bends 
 the wood, and by itselafticity, forces an arrow 
 placed on the ftring, with ev- at violence, to, 
 a great dirtance ; a bending piece of wood fur- 
 niflied with hair, and ufed in playing on ftring- 
 ed inftruments ; the loop of a ftring tied in a 
 knot ; a yoke, or bending piece of wood. 
 " The ox hath his bcu.'^ Shak. Applied to 
 a ftiip, th.)t part which begins at the loof and 
 compalTingends of the ftjm, and ends at the 
 ftf-rnmnft parts of the forecaflle. If a flijp 
 hath a broad bow, it is called a hold noiv ; if 
 a thin and narrow one, a lean i:iv. In Build- 
 ing, bow is a beam of wood or brafs, with 
 thric long fcrews, which dircdls a lath of wood 
 or fleel to any arch ; ufcd commonly in draw- 
 ing draughts of fhips, projedtions of the 
 fphere, or long arches. 
 
 EO'VV-DEi.V T, Adj. bent like a bow, or in 
 the form of a bow j cr»»oksi j flowing. " A
 
 B 6 W 
 
 fjbjlolc!, hw-herr vj'nh crooked edge." Mi't. 
 To BOW'tL, V. A. ro pierce the howels ; 
 to penetrate deep, or to the bottom of a thine. 
 CO'WELS, .S. [it has no fingnlar, from 
 ioyeux, Fr.J the inteftine vefTelf, or organs' 
 ■uithin the t"0(<y ; the gut'. Figuratively, thr 
 inner part of anv ihing . " The ho'tveh of the 
 mountain." AJd'iJ. TcnJerneis, pi'y, oi 
 companion. 
 
 BO'WER, S. rfrom hcugh, or the ver'j bcii', 
 implying to bendj an arbour, or place formen 
 of the branches of green trees, hent or arched 
 at the top ; the anchor of a {/lip, io calleii 
 from its brins in tiie bciv o\ a fhip. See BOW. 
 To BO'WER, V. A. to make a bower, to 
 include in a bower. Figuratively, to inclofe. 
 "Thou didft ^cTwr the fpirit — In mortal F.i- 
 radife of fuch fweet fierti." Shakifp. 
 
 BO'VVERy, AJj. full of bowers ; fhady 
 and indofed like .1 bower. 
 
 BOWL, S. [pronounced as if wiit h-Jc, 
 from b::clin, Brir. implying any thing made of 
 horn, as drinking cups fcrmetly were, or r.^- 
 ther from ho!a, Sax. a tup or glafsj .1 drinking 
 veflel, rather wide than dfep, dittinguilhed 
 from a tea-cup by its greater dimenfions, and 
 from a drinking-cup, becaufe that is rather 
 deep than wide ; the hollow, roundjfn part 
 of any thing which can holt) liquor. "The 
 tiiul of a fpoon." Swift. A bafin, or foun- 
 tain, or ciftern. " So to convey water, rhai 
 it may never ftay either in the bcwl, or the 
 ciftern." Bacon. 
 
 BOWL, S. [H Belg. hcule, Fr. i:h, Span ] 
 around or fpherical piece of wood, which may 
 be rolled along the ground. 
 
 To BOWL, V. A. to roll a bowl along 
 the ground ; to roll a bowl at .iny mark. In 
 Skittles, to knock down with a bowl. '' He 
 boiuitd five." 
 
 BOWLDER-STONES, S. lumps or frag- 
 ments of ftone or marble, broke trom dilts, 
 rounded by the aiftion of water. 
 
 BOW'-LEGGED, Adj. having crooked 
 legs, or fuch as refemble a bow, when bent. 
 
 BOWLER, 5. [from U'lol and er] he 
 that rolls a bowl; one that plays with, or at 
 bowl?. 
 
 BO'WLING-GREEN, S. [from bcioUrg^ 
 and green] a piece of ground overgrov.n with 
 grafs, of a true level or horizontal furface, 
 kept clofe cut, and frequently rolled for play- 
 ing at bowls. 
 
 EOW'MAN.S.one who fhoots with a bow. 
 BOW'-SHOT, S. the diftance to which 
 an arrow can fly when (hot from a bow, 
 
 BOW'SPRIT, or BOLTSPRIT, S. [from 
 bolt, a bar, and fpr-.et, Belg. a fail, yard or 
 r<'le, or from bov.', a part of a fhip, in<i f^riet, 
 Belg. a pole] a kind of mart at the prow of a 
 veffel, refting flopeways on the he.id of the 
 train ftern, faftened by the foreftay and to 
 the partners of the foremaft, ferving to carry 
 tke fpiit, and fprit top-fail and jackftaff. Its 
 
 BRA 
 
 fength /houlH he two-thirds of the tiiainmafij 
 and its thickrels equal to the mizen. 
 
 BOW'- STRING, S. the firing by which a 
 bow is bent. 
 
 BO W' YER , S . one who flioots with a bow 5 
 an archer ; a perfon v.'ho makes bows. 
 
 BOX, S. [box, b xireow, Sax. bsuchjhaumj 
 Teut. box, Span. J its leaves are pinnated and 
 ever green ; it has male, and fern le floweto on 
 the fame plant, the former having a three- 
 leaved, and the female a four- leaved, conc^va 
 sTipalement. Linn;«us ranges it in the fourth 
 'edionof his 21ft clafs, from its having male 
 ind female {li>wers on the fame plant, and the 
 male fiowers having four flamina. There are 
 three fpecies. Its wood is yellowi/hj hard, fo- 
 lid, even, very heavy, and takes a good polifli. 
 BOX, S. (buchi, Teut. box, Sax.] a cafe 
 made of wood, or other fuhflance, to hold any 
 thing; diftinguifhed from a cheft, as the ielJ 
 •.s from the greater; the cafe of a mariner's 
 or fea-rompafs ; the inner cafe of a watch; 
 a cheft in which money is put : hence a 
 CI.,riJ}ma,-bciv, which fignifies both the chert 
 into which the money is put, and the money 
 then collefted. The firft liory of feats in a 
 ).lay-hou(e, formed into fmall fquare rooftis, 
 and built either on the ftagc, or round the ex- 
 tremities of the pit. 
 
 BOX, S. [iock, Brit, a check, porhei, Teut. 
 to flrike] a blow on the face with the hand. 
 
 To BOX, V. [from the noup] to fight 
 with the fifts ; to ftrike on the head or face 
 with the hand. 
 
 BO'XEN. Adj. [of ^«* and e», from the 
 Sax. implying the materials out of which any 
 thing is made] made of box. Applied to 
 colour, of a box colour. 
 
 EO'XER., S. [from b«x and f] one who ij 
 ficilled in fighting tvith the fift ; one who 
 figh's with his fift. 
 
 BOY, S. [theetymo'ogy uncertain] a name 
 .mplied to perfonsof the m <Ie fex til! they are 
 fifteen years old. Ufcd figuratively for a per- 
 fon who wants the fedatenefs and difcretion of 
 manhood, jnd is then a term of reproach. 
 
 BOY'HOOD, S. [from ^-fy and hcci, of 
 tad or hade, Sax. implying llate, condition, or 
 quality] the ftate wherein j perfon is ftiled a 
 boy, extending from infancy to youth, or till 
 a perfon is fifteen years old. 
 
 BO'YISH, S. [from boy and ijh, of ifc, 
 Sjx. or ,7^, Goth.] like a boy with refpedt 
 to unexperienre, wont of fedatenefs, cr difcre- 
 tion ; chihiifh, trifling, puerile. 
 
 BO-TISHLY, Adv. [from bofrfi and ly'j 
 In a childifti, wanton, trifling manner. 
 
 BO'YISHNESS, S. [from, %f/> and tiefs] 
 that quality which is predominant in boys ; 
 want of thought, fedatenefs, or difcretion j 
 childiihnefs ; trifling. 
 
 Bp. an al'brevia'ure for hifhop. 
 BRA'BBLE, S. [brabbelen, Belg.] a 
 xjuarrelj a clamorous noify conteft. " In prl- 
 I vatc
 
 BRA 
 
 Vate hrahble did we apprehend him." Shahef. 
 
 To BRA'BPLE, V, N. [from the nounj 
 to conteft a thi/ig with grcac clamour 5 to 
 quarrel, to cla vioiir. 
 
 BRA'BBLER, S. [from brchbU and fr,] a 
 clamorous, quarrellome, turbulent, or noil'y 
 fellow. 
 
 To BRACE, V, A.[err.braljir, ¥r.'] to tie, 
 or wind bandages tight round .1 tiling. " Tiie 
 women of China, by bracing and binniiii; 
 them clofe in their inniiKy, have very Utile 
 feel." Locke, To ftrain 01 ftretih. To brace 
 the yard, in Sea Language, is to bring the 
 yard to either fide, fo as to make it Itaud 
 fquare or even acrofs the fliip. 
 
 BRACE, S. [from the verb] a bandage; 
 that which keeps the parts of a thing clofe 
 together ; that which is ufed to keep a thing 
 ftret'^hed In Printing, a crooked line, de- 
 noting that the members of a fenterice ought 
 to be joined together, but not taken feparateiy. 
 
 marked thus S and ufed by poetical writers at 
 
 the end of a triplet, or three lin-is which 
 rhime to eacii other. In Architecture, a piece 
 of timber formed with bevil joints, and ufed 
 to keep a building fteady. In Sea Affairs, 
 ropes taftened to the yard-arms of a fliip, and 
 ufed to fquare the yards, and bring them to 
 any pofition. Applied to a coach, the thick 
 thongs of leather on which the body hangs. 
 
 BRACE, S. [never ufed with an s at the 
 end tor the plural, and is a colleftive noun, 
 which feems to have only the fingula-.J in 
 Hunting, two, oi- a pair j perhaps io called 
 from their beimg tied together. 
 
 BRA-'CED, Adj. in Heraldry, the inter- 
 minj.ling chevrons at the bafeof ai; efcutcheon. 
 
 BRA'uELET, S, [a dimunitive of braie, 
 or from IraceUt, Fr. oi bras, Fr. an armj an 
 ornament worn round the wr.fl j a piece of de- 
 fenfive armour for tiie arm. 
 
 BRA'CER, S. [from brace and ?;■] (hat 
 which braces, ur keeps a thing tight. In Sur- 
 gery, abandrtwe. "They may beteftrained by 
 a bracer.'^ ^Fijiman, 
 
 BRA'CHIAL, Adj. [from brach'ufti, Lit. 
 an arm] that which belongs to, or is fuuated 
 in, the arm. 
 
 BRA'CHMANS, S. [perhaps fi-om ^wi^, 
 Heb. to flv, from thttir living in deferc^] In- 
 dian Phili>!'ophers, who lived a very gr'od life 
 in wooJ.s, flept on hides, abftained from the 
 flslh of animals, holding it an impiety to 
 Jouch them, and believed the doiftrine of the 
 tranfv^igraticin of the foul. They fpent the 
 greateft: part of the day and night in prayin^; 
 and fingiiig anthems. They confidered life as 
 a fla'e ot conception, and death as a birth to a 
 happy l.fe, for thofe who had regulated their 
 lives according to the dilates of true philo- 
 fophv. 
 
 BRA'CHYGRAPHy, S. [from /Jfa^^f, 
 Cr. fliort, and j/j-'a^j;, Gr. to wiitr] the ait of 
 fcori-i^and^ or writing a thing bj ch.^rafleis in 
 
 BRA 
 
 a Aorter time and compafs, than by the letter^ 
 ;>f the common alphabet. 
 
 BRA'CKET, S. [bracelet, Ita!.] pieces of 
 wo )d, carved or plain, fixed againft a wall, to 
 fupport fomething. 
 
 J5RA/CKISH, Adj. [from brae, Belg.] 
 that which is fomewhat fait ; of the tafle of 
 fea-v/ater. 
 
 BR A'CKISHNESS, S. [from braekijh. and 
 nefs] the dlfagreeable faltnefs which is lound 
 on tailing fea-water. 
 
 BRAD, S. [from brad, Sax. and braej, 
 Goth, broad] when added to the names of 
 places, fignifies their broadne/s ; thus BraJ^ 
 ^d fignifies a broad ford. 
 
 BRAD, S. a kind of nails ufed in building, 
 without 3 fhoulder over their ftank, or a 
 fpreading head like other nails, pretty thick 
 towards the upper end, that the top may be 
 driven Into, and buried in the board they 
 faften. Jv.v.en-brads are for hnd w.iinfcots. 
 batten-brads for foft, and billet or juarter-brads^ 
 are thofe which are ufed when a floor is laid 
 in liafte ; or to iliallow joifis inclined to warp. 
 To DRAG, V. N. [braggeren, Be!g. ta 
 flrut, bran/eren, Teut. to be proud] to difpby 
 an advan'age with great pomp and vanity j to 
 boaft. 
 
 BRAG, S, [from the verb] a pompous or 
 pr'jiud difplay of any advantage a perfon pof- 
 fcfTes. Figuratively, the thing itfelf which 
 caufes piide or boaftingj gh^ry. '' Beauty is 
 nature's brag, and mufc be fhevvn." Mikon, 
 
 ERA'GGADOCHJO, S. a perfon who 
 vainly fets forth his own good qualities, or dlt- 
 plays them more than they deferve. 
 
 BR A'GGART, S. [from brcigg^ret, Teut,] 
 a perfon who boafts of his own abilities too 
 much, " Every braggart fh,all be found ail 
 ..fs." Skak. 
 
 BR A'GGART, Adj. [S-e the noun] proud, 
 conceited, vain. " HufTir.g, braggart, pufl'c 
 iKibiiity.'" Vonne. 
 
 BRA'GGEP.., S. [from /^.i^ and cr'\ one 
 who difplays his pretrndcd abilities in all the 
 pomp of vain and often'atious Lnauage. 
 
 BR A'GLESS, Adj. [from brag and iefs, 
 o( Ua^e, SiX. or la%vs, Goth, implving wjnt, 
 abf>;nce or negaiion] wiihout a hoaft ; with- 
 out being boafted of, " JJr-aghfs let it be." 
 Shah 
 
 To BRAID, V. A. [breyden, Belg. brader, 
 Dan. bradan. Sax.] to v eave togetherj tp 
 plait, 
 
 DRAIl), S. [from the verb] a lock of haJr, 
 or any thing tolletled by wcavin,; or plaiting j 
 a Inull narrow kind ot lacj, ufed far orn<imcnt 
 iiig womens (hoes, bed cnrtains, C'^f, 
 
 BRAILS, S. finaU rop^s uffd it furling tha 
 faili, acrofs. To h.i/e up thi bfiiUs, or brail up 
 the f^ii, impl'cs tlial the fiil is to be haled up, 
 in order to be fuil-d, or bju::d clofe to t^w 
 yard. 
 
 BRA'IN, S. [bragen, Sax. bryne, Btrl?,.] 
 
 in Anatomy, the Utae, loft, whiiilh fu!;-rt*r>c« 
 
 M 6Uiii|
 
 BRA 
 
 BRA 
 
 filling the infulc of the cranium or HcuU ; i their hands. Whenever they write, they put 
 wherein all the organs of fenfc terminate, | a figure of a cow in the fiifl: place, to fhew 
 and wherein the foul is f^iJ to refide. It is dl- jthcir belief in the unity of the Deity; they 
 yided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, ntdulU I compute the world to be about 3,892,850 
 oblongata, or medulla fpinnlls. The brain is years old, have an obfcure tradition of the 
 much larger in men than in any other animals, j Mofaic Paradife, and likewife feme notion 
 »nd is generally biggelt in fuch other arim.ils jthat God has been incarnate, and lived fome 
 as fhew the created degree of fagacity, fuch as time among men. 
 
 mnnkies, &c. BR. AN, S. [from l»ann, Erit. hran, Fr. 
 
 To BRAIN, V. A. [from the noun] to 1 irt-H/.-a, Ital.] th--- huflc of corn, feparated after 
 
 dafh the brains out ; to kill by dafliing the grinding from the flour 
 
 brains out. 
 
 BRAI'NLESS, A.^j. [from *rj/« and /<•/!] 
 without brains. Figuratively, filly, fooliih, 
 thoughtlefs. 
 
 BRA'IN-PAN, S. [from hra'm and pan, 
 of pahnc, Sax. a dilh, or the Ikull] the fkull, 
 fo called from its containitjg the brains. 
 
 BRA'INSICK, Adj. [Ucm brain and Jick, 
 of fee c, Six. or/ft^ Belg. diftempered] dif- 
 ordered in the "brain. Figuratively, giddy, 
 thoughtlefs, foolifh, rr.ad. 
 
 BRAKE, S. [of uncertain etymology] a 
 thicket of brambles or thorns. 
 
 BRAKE, S. [braedli, Be'g. a m'-llct, or 
 of bracan, Sax. to br-jak] a wooden mallet, 
 ufed in beating or drt fling hemp; the handle 
 of a rtiip's pump ; a baiter's kneading trough j 
 a fharp bit or fnaffle for horfes. 
 
 BRA'KY, Adj. abounding in brakes ; or 
 thicket-: of thorns. 
 
 BR.A'MBLE,S. \brajr.h'e,bremhel, bremble, 
 ■Sax. bromber, Teut. bramher, or bramberhujk, 
 Dan.1 in Botany, the r«/;(j, Lat. ornnff, ». 
 Its flower has a permanent empalement of one 
 Ic.^f, cut into five fpear-fliaped fegments, a 
 great number of ftamina inferred in the em- 
 palement, and many germens with fmall hair- 
 like Ayles ; which afterwards become a berry, 
 compofed cf as many acini collefled into a 
 head, having each one bell, containing an 
 0'jlong leed. 
 
 BRA'MINS, S. [from Btalma, the name 
 of the prophet wh(;m they acknnvi ledge] the 
 third fcdt among the Chinefe. Thofe ot Ben- 
 gal live a very aufterelife, go bire-headetl and 
 bare-fccted, and live only upon herbs. Thofe 
 of Inricftan preterd their f.icred books vcre 
 tiven by God to their prcphet Brahma. They 
 believe the tranfrrigratitm of louh ; and f?y 
 that, at the profiuftion cf the world, all 
 things came cur of the bofom of C..d, and 
 that the word will periih by all things return- 
 ing to their fii!t original. Thofe of Siim be- 
 lieve, ihst the firit men were larger than the 
 prefenr, living mary ages without f:cknefs ; 
 that cur earth fhall be dedroyed by fire, and 
 that ?no'her fliall proceed frnm iis allies, 
 which /hall have no fea, and be blelied W3th 
 an eternal furing. The Brachmar.i of Coro- 
 rnandel believe a plurality of woilds, and that 
 they are fuccelTively deftroyed and renewed at 
 ceitain periuds. They have all fuch a vene- 
 ration for cowE, that they think tliemlelves 
 happy if the^ can die with the tail vf une in 
 
 BRANCH, S. [branche, Fr.] in Botany, 
 the arm, or part of a tree which fprouts from 
 the trunk. Figuratively, any detached part 
 from a whole. A fefiion or fubdivifion, ap- 
 plied to writings. Any part which is joined 
 to another, like a branch to a tree, " The 
 branches of the veins ;" " The branches of a 
 candleflick," A part of a pedigree or family. 
 In Hunting, the antlers or rtioots of a flag's 
 horns. 
 
 To BRANCH, V. A. to divide into fepa- 
 rate divifions like branches. Figuratively, to 
 adorn with needlework, reprefenting branches, 
 " Brancb'd with gold." Faery ^_ Ufed neu- 
 tcrly, to flioot into branches ; to feparate, or 
 divide a fu'nje(^ into feveral parts, ufed with 
 the particle out, " Branch out into farther 
 diflinctions." Locke. To fpeak largely ; to 
 expatiate. " I have known a woman branch 
 cut into a !ong diflertation upon ihe edging of 
 a petticoat." Sfeci. No. 24.7. To have horns 
 fhooting out into antlers. '" The fwift ftag — • 
 bore up his branching head." Par. J^oft. 
 
 BRA'NCHLESS, Adj. [from ^ra/jc-fc and 
 /f/sj without branches. Without honour, al- 
 luding to the branches of a pedigree. " Better 
 I were not yours-- -than y«ur's io branchlefsC^ 
 Shak. 
 
 BRA'NCHY, Adj. \ixK>m. brar.cb\ full of 
 branches ; fpreading. 
 
 BRAND, S. \ brand. Sax. and Belg.] a 
 fiick lighted, or fit te be fet on fire at one 
 end. Figuratively, a thunderbolt. " The 
 Sire Omnipr.ten' prepares the iranif." Gr<itn>, 
 A mark made on the flefh of a criminal by a 
 iiurninp iron ; anciently a fword, from hrar.dur. 
 Run. a (harp fword. " Wav'd by that fiaming 
 brand" Par. Lojh 
 
 To BRAND, V. A. [branitn, Belg.] to 
 nsark with a brand, or turning iron. Figu- 
 ratively, to reproach as infamous j toftigma- 
 tize. 
 
 To BRA'NDISH, V. A. \_brendir, Fr. 
 brar.dire, Itah] to wave, ihake, or flourirti a 
 weapon. Figuratively, to make a parade, or 
 flourifh with. 
 
 BRANDY, S. {hrande'vin, Fr. branden- 
 Tvyn, Belg. of branden, to burn, and luyn, 
 wine] in Diftillation, a proof fpirit, obtained 
 from real wines, or fermented juices of 
 
 grapes. 
 
 BRA'NNY, Adj. ffrem bran] like bran ; 
 having the appearance of bran. " Covered 
 with while/Tfln«y ft'ales." Wijan, Seldom ufed.
 
 nVx A 
 
 BRA'SIL, or BRAZIL, S. [pronounced 
 Braz/e!} a heavy, dry, and very hard wood, 
 10 called Itecaufe it is (u[)Dofed to have come 
 originally from Brazil in S. America. That o*" 
 Frrnambuco is the beft. The tree grows com- 
 monly in dry ana bjiren places, among rocks. 
 becomes very thicic and tall ; the branches 
 are long and large; ibe leaves fmall, of a fine 
 blight green, refembliiig thofe of bo:c, but 
 lonnewhat longer, 
 
 BRASS, S. [hat, S3X. pr/s, Brit.] a fsc- 
 titiou?, yellow metal made of copp-r, melted 
 with Ijpis calaminaris. The cal.mine is firP. 
 calcined and ground to powder, then mixed 
 vith charcoal duft, and to 70 lb. of this 
 mixture is added five of copper, which beinj; 
 placed in a vnnd furnace il or 12 hours, the 
 copper imbibes about one thitd of the weight 
 of the calamine, and is converted into br.^fs. 
 Brafs is ufied figuratively for impudence. 
 
 BRAT, S.'[6rau, Sax. J a child, uf::J to 
 txorefs contempt. Figuraiively, proriufis or 
 eftefts. " The ewe late conl'piracies were th? 
 Irats and oft'springs of the contrary faction." 
 South. 
 
 BR.AVA'DO, S [from bravada, Span.] 2 
 proud boaft; haughty defiance or challenge, 
 
 BRAVE, Adj. notdaunted or terrified with 
 dangers or difScuiiies ; ready 10 attempt any 
 dangerous enterpriz- ; grand, or noble. ''' Fitft 
 a Ira-^e placej and tnen as bra-ve a mind." 
 Denh. Sometimes applied in an indetermi- 
 rate marvner, to exprefs good or great in thf 
 pnfitive degree. " 0!d wood inflamed doth 
 yield the braiiefl fiie." Sidney. " Iron is a 
 irJ^'e commodity^ where wood aboundeih." 
 
 BRAVE, S. {irs^r, Ft. iraim, Ital.] a 
 perfon who is daring bcycnd the rules of dif- 
 cretion : or bold to excels. " Hot h-flves, like 
 thee, may fight." D'jd. A bold defiance, or 
 challenge. 
 
 To BRAVE, V. A. to undcriake a thing 
 n&twithllanding the dangers with which it is 
 attended ; to defy conter.nptuoiifiy ; to provoke 
 a perfon to refentmerit ; to bid defiance to, ap- 
 plied, in this laft fnTe, to inanimate things 
 with great beauty. " Like a rock iinmovM, .1 
 rock that braves — *he raging temp?(t." Dryd. 
 To feem unafftfted with, or infcr.fible if. 
 " At leaft to ^/-axe that which they believe 
 not." Bacon. 
 
 BRA'VELY, Adv. [from biavc and />] 
 in fiich a manner as not to be terrified by dit- 
 ficultief, or daunted by dangers; intrepidity; 
 coiirageoufly. 
 
 BRA' VERY, S. [from brave'] the. per- 
 formance of any great and noble actions, not- 
 ^vlthllaniHng the dangers vrhic.h attend th«m j 
 a difpoficion of mind, which enables a perfon 
 ti) accomplifh his defigns, notwithftanding 
 any obftacles or di^nculties which oppof; it. 
 Applif d to the appearance of things, finery, 
 fplenoor. " All the bravery that eye may 
 fee" Sfcnftr, -Falfe courage; boafting j or 
 
 ^ R A 
 
 bolJnefs. '* There are thofe that make it at 
 poini Kjf hraiery, to bid defiance to the oracleS 
 of divine revelation." UEflmnire. 
 
 BRA'VO, S. [Ita!.] a rr,an"whd mi^rdcrS 
 or adiaflinates another for hire. 
 
 To BRAWL, V. W, \brt,llen, Belg. to 
 bellow, or roar, braahr, Dan. brouUlcr, or 
 hrauler, Fr.j to q'.iarrel about trifias in a noify 
 manner ; to report in a loild manner ; to make 
 A no fe, beautitully applied to iiunimatethingsi 
 " Upon the brock that braiuls alonj thiS 
 wO^id." Shak. 
 
 HRAV\''L, S. [from the verH] a noify 
 gva'rtl; fcurrilitv- 
 
 BRA'WLER,'S, [from hrdwl and cr, of 
 ivar, Sax. or loair, Gdth. a manj one who i» 
 quarrclfume and noify at the fjfne lime ; a 
 word of reproach. 
 
 ERAWN, S. [from ba'', a bojf, and run, 
 homivnnoi, hard, bc'CJufe it is the hardeft 
 pail ol a boar's fiefli, according to EkinnerJ 
 the I'.e.liy, or mufcular parts of the body, 
 " The braivn of the arm muft appear full." 
 Pcjchu.fi. The arm. " To hsvv thy targfct front 
 thy braivn.''^ Sbak. Figu.-atively, vigour, or 
 t>rength. " Braiuh without brain is thine." 
 Dryd. The fieih of a boar fouled or pickled 5 
 d ho-ar, 
 
 ERAVv'NY, Ac'j. [from hmiv^i] flrong, 
 robofl, finewy, ilciny ; of greit mufcks and 
 a,e-sith. 
 
 ■ To BRAY, V, A. [fro.Ti bracan, Sar* 
 iw,?/' or /'/•(Jt'ifr, Fr.] to bfac into pieces, o^ 
 powdtr in a mortar hv mea.i's of i. pe.lle. 
 
 To BR ^Y,. V. I^V \J?rc!irci or broirs, Fr. 
 frr/Ma'e. k«l.j to make a nolle like an afsi 
 Figurstivsly, to rnjkc a difagrre-sbif noife tikd 
 that of braf'. " Ar.T.s on nrrri )ur clx^iingj^ 
 brafd — hcrriblfe dilcord," Par. Lrfi. 
 
 BRAY, S, [from the verb] thri noife of 
 braifs j a terrible or dif.greeable fi)un.t. " The 
 harfh relonnding trumpet's dreadful brayJ" 
 Shdk. 
 
 To BRAZE, V. A. [frnm brafi, the fof- 
 Hering or j:;ining two pieces of mi?tjl together* 
 Figuraifely.jto be enured or hardened iijinn- 
 pudence. " I have fo often bluHied to ac- 
 knowledge him, that now I am briX7)tdx.0K,^^ 
 Skiahefp. 
 
 BRA'ZEN, Adj. [from hrafi^ni :ti] mada 
 of brafs. FijiUritiveiy, caufcJ by brazen in- 
 ftrument^. " With bra-zn: d'.n bhft you the 
 city's ears." SLak. Impuoenr. 
 
 To BRA'ZEN, V. N. to deny with gtiat 
 impiideficc ; to behave without concern ; Xd 
 bully. UfeJ with the word outf " He would 
 bran^n it out as if he had oonc nothing.'* 
 Jrbuth. 
 
 BR A''ZEN-FACF, S. a perfon who has no 
 fcnfe of fliame ; bi impudent feliovf. 
 
 BRA'ZEN FACED, Anj. [See BRA- 
 ZF.N-F.ACEl vo d of fhame, iinpudent, 
 
 BRA'ZENKESS, [from brazen and 7ifj's\ 
 appearing like brafs. Figuratively, undaunretl 
 iippudcnce. 
 
 M a BRAZi'ER,
 
 B R E 
 
 To interrupt. *' His voice broke with figh 
 Sfcfi. No. 164. To feparate, joined to com' 
 pany. " They were forced X.o break company. 
 Alter. Uled with cff, to diflolve j likewifc 
 to flop, hinder, or prevent. " To break off 
 fo noble a rehtioa." CcUicr. To break off s\i 
 its commerce with the tongue." Addif. With 
 of, to mailer or lay afide an ill habit. " The 
 French were not quite broken of it." GrenVt 
 Ufed with mind, to difcover our fentiments. 
 " Fearful how to break my mind.^' Dryd, 
 Ufed wiih back, to ftrain or put the back- 
 bone out of joint. In Hufbindry. to plow. 
 " The hufbandna in muft firft break the land." 
 Dii'vies. To difband, applied to an army. 
 " Solyman, returning to Conftantinople, broke 
 up his army." Kr.olies. Ui'ed wiih wind, to 
 difcharge wind included in the inteftines. To 
 break on the ivhee!, is to break the bones of a 
 criminal i'aftcned on a wheel. 
 
 To BREAK, V. N. to buift. " Whifpers 
 the o'er-fraught heart, and bids it break.'''' 
 '^kak. To open i'o as to difcharge matter, ap- 
 plied to a tumor. To oifpeldarknefs, todawn, 
 applied to the firft appearance of light in the 
 mori.ing. " A? Toon as the day breaks,'" SpeSf, 
 No. 465. To decay in hea'th an.l ftrength. 
 " See how the dean begins to break.'''' Siv'ift. 
 To bi.rif, to pronounce, or utter, ufed with 
 from, and the woras I'lps, mouth, or hreaji. 
 " Whilft/zom his ^/-«ii,/?, the dreadful accents 
 broke.'''' Dryden. To force a paflage, ufed with 
 ihe particles through, into, -uni forth. " To 
 break through wiih his whole body of horfe,'* 
 C/arend. " They came into Judah, and brake 
 i;!M it." Chron. XXI. ij. To i'ltervene, with- 
 out notice, or regard to the cerf monies of po- 
 lite behaviour. " With a magifterial air, 
 breaks 'tn upon convcrfation.'* A^d'f- Dif- 
 carded, or deprived of an employ. ''When 
 I fee a great ofBcf r ^cff." Sivift. Joined with 
 kafe, to dMtngage from any obftacU, tye, or 
 other confi|nement, or reftraint. " Break loofe 
 from all our engagements.'" Ti-'/otf. To defift 
 from an undertaking ; to quit a habit } to de- 
 doiitt, none can build up." Burn. Theor. To I fill fudJenly, with the particle cff. "Do not 
 pierce orpeneirst«, applied to light. " A dim I p-remptorily i«fl.^ r^inany bufinefs." Bacon. 
 ■winking !<mp which feebly broke — the gloomy 
 vapours " To diminiih or weaken. " Have 
 not fome of his vices weakened fiis body, and 
 broke his health." Tillotf. In Horfenianfhip, 
 to tame or render manageable. " To break the 
 Itubborn colt " Dryd. Applied figuratively 
 to the human fpec^es. " To break our fierce 
 barbarians into men." Add j. To render a 
 perfon unable to carry nu trade ; to make a 
 bankrupt. " Jmpoverifhes the rich, hre^^ki 
 the merchant." South, To wound ft> as to 
 make the blood appear. " Shell ioontx break 
 your head." Dryd. Applied lo promife, OJths, 
 or duty, to aift counter to, to violate, to dii- 
 reg^rd. " I never more will break an oath." 
 Shak. " To break the pious laws of nature." 
 £)»,</. To inteicepr, pi event, or hinder the 
 felitil of. " To break his dreadful fall." Dryd. 
 
 B R E 
 
 BRAZI'ER, S. [from brdxe or brafs, and 
 er] one who maki-s or fells brafs ware. 
 
 BRA'ZING, S. [f lom brafs or braze] the 
 aft of foldering or ji.ining two pieces of iron 
 together. Sometimes the word is applied to 
 the joining pieces of iron together by beating 
 them ted- hot upon one another j but this is 
 more properly called ive'.ding. 
 
 BREACH, S. [li.eche, Fr. from break, of 
 hrecan. Sax.] the dividing or deftroying the 
 union between the parts of a thing, belor^' 
 joined together. In Fortification, a hole or 
 gap made in any part of the works of a town, 
 either by cannon or mines. Figuratively, a 
 defedt ; the afting contrary to any law ; the 
 violating any obligation ; quarrel j difcord ; 
 want of unity. 
 
 BREAD, S. [pronounced bred, breed. Sax. 
 hrod, Dan. bradt, Teut.] a baked mafs oi 
 dough formed from the flour of foine grain, 
 and a confimt part of food. Figuratively, 
 every kind of food necelTary for the lupport of 
 life. " Give us this day our d.illy bread.'''' — 
 To eat a fer{ons bread, is fomi;timcs ufed to 
 imply, that he has been admitted to the moft 
 intimate frienafhip, and fupported by his 
 bounty. " Who, having fa^i?n of c,\ix bread, 
 have lift up themfelvts againft us." K-r,g 
 Chirles. 
 
 BRF'AD CORN, S. a co:n or grain of 
 which bread is made. 
 
 BREAD-ROOM, S. [a fea-term] a place 
 in a Hiip's ftern, to kt;cp bread, ur bil'cuit. 
 
 BREADTH, S. [from b,ad. Sax. broad] 
 the mcjfure of a plain fuperfici'.;S from fide 
 to fide. In Comnieicc, the meafure of any 
 cloth, or other manuf^flure, be'ween thetwo 
 felvedges, or lifts. JV'ah'in an hair's breadth, 
 denoting extrerr'e nearneff, applied tofituition; 
 and a very narrow efr ape, applied to danger. 
 
 To BREAK, V. A. [t.om brecan. Sax. 
 hr'tken, Goth, brocken, Teut. bieckcr, D..n.] 
 to fepaiate the parts of a thing by force ; to 
 burft by violence, Ufed with the word d^iun, 
 to deftroy, or demolifti. " "V< hen God brraketb 
 
 When ufed with cff and from, to feparate from 
 with fome effort, or violence." I muft _/Vcrj 
 ihis enchanting queen break off.'^ Shak. To 
 burft through, and difcover itfelf, notwith- 
 ftonding any impediment. " There being fo 
 many ways by which a fmothered truth is apt 
 to blaie and break out." South, To rage, or 
 appear, applied to a diftemper. " A violent 
 (ever broke out in the place." Speff. No. 164. 
 In all the various meanings of this verb, the 
 idea of feparation, or the effect of fudden 
 lorce, is always included. 
 
 DUEAK, S. applied to the firft appearance 
 ot liglit in the morning when the rays of light 
 treaki'nt gloom of darkneff, it implies the 
 dawn. A paufe or interruption, applied to a 
 diicourfe. In Printing, or Writing, a line drawn 
 between woiUs, to denote that the fenfe is fuf- 
 
 pended.
 
 B R E 
 
 pended, and that the reader is to make a paufe 
 at that place. 
 
 BRE'AKER, S. [from break, and er] he 
 who forces a thing afunder ; he who divides a 
 thing by force j a wave broken by rocks or 
 land banks. 
 
 To BRE'AKFAST, V. N. to eat after 
 having fafted fome time ; applied to the firft 
 meal a perfon makes in the day. 
 
 BRE'AKFAST, S, [pronounced breckfajl] 
 that which a petfon eats at his firft: meal in 
 the day. In a general itrx'ie, any thing to eat 
 after a long want of food, 
 
 BRE'AK-NECK, S. [pronounced brahe- 
 rteck\ a precipice, or fall, from whence a 
 perfen would break his neck, ** To me a 
 bnjk-neck" Shak, 
 
 BREAM, S. [pronounced breem, from 
 brame, Fr. hratjjem, Belg. abramo, Ital.] in 
 Natural Hiftory, a large fiih, delighting in ri- 
 vers or ponds, very broad, with a forked tail, 
 and fcales of a golden colour, fet with great 
 elegance, 
 
 BRE'AST, S. [pronounced and formerly 
 wrote hreji, of hreoj}, Sax, bryjl, Dan. bmj), 
 Teut. br'-ijie, Belg. J in Anatomy, one of the 
 three venters in an animal body, which con- 
 tains the heart and lungs. Breajis are two pro- 
 minences fituated in the anterior, and towards 
 the lateral parts of the thorax. In beads, the 
 word is applied to that part which extends 
 from the neck to the fore-legs. Figuratively, 
 the heart ; bofom j confcience ; or foul, which 
 waP, by the ancients, Uippofed to refide in this 
 part, " The law of man was written in his 
 breajtr Dryd. 
 
 To BREAST, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 oppnfe wiih the br(?aft ; to meet ; to ftruggle 
 againft. " I)Vffl/?;'«^ the lofty furge." Shak. 
 
 BRE'AST-BONE, in Anatomy, the bone 
 of the breaft-, called the fternum, 
 
 BREAST-HIGH, Adj. as high as the 
 breads. " r.rtaji-h'ifh in fand." Dryd. 
 
 BRE'AST-HOOKS, S, [among Ship 
 •Wrights, the compaffing timbers before, that 
 help to flrengthen the ftem, and all the fore- 
 part of a (hip. 
 
 BRE^^ST-KNOT, S. a bunch or knot of 
 ribbands worn by females, on or near their 
 breafts. 
 
 BRE' AST-PLATE, S. armour worn by 
 way of defence on the bread. " What flronger 
 breajiph.te th.in a l.eait untainted." !>hak. 
 
 BRE'AST-WORK., S. works thrown up 
 as high as the breafts of the defendants in a 
 fortified place, or field. 
 
 BREATH, S. [pronounced breth, from 
 brathe, Sax.] the air which .proceeds from the 
 mouth either in the adlions of refpiration, or 
 infpiration. Figuratively, life. " No man has 
 more contempt than I ot breath.'''' Dryd. Ufed 
 with take, to recover loft breath from too great 
 a tatigue; to ceaie from labour or hurry ; a 
 rcfpite or paufe; a bieeze of wind, or gentle 
 turicnt of air. •' Not a breath of wind flies 
 
 B R E 
 
 o'er its furface." ./^ddif. The fame indant, 
 ufed with in. " You menace and court me 
 ill a breath.''^ Dryd. 
 
 BREATHABLE, Adj. [pronounced */■«/,&- 
 able, from breath and abU\ ti)at which may 
 be breathed ; or that which is fit to be breath- 
 ed. 
 
 To BREATHE, V. N. [pronounced 
 bree'tbe, from breath^ to draw in and iorce out 
 the air atthe mouth by the a£tion of the lungs. 
 Figuratively, to live. " Let him breathe, a 
 private man in Athens." Shak. To take 
 breath, to recover a damage by means of a 
 refpite ; to reft:. " He followed the vi£lory fo 
 hot upon the Scots, he fuffered them not to 
 breathe.'''' Spen. Ufed with 'in, to enter by 
 the adion of breathing, or infpiration. " To 
 whofe foul mouth no wholefome air breatbei 
 («." Shak, 
 
 To BREATHE, V, A, to fill with, or 
 difcharge the lungs of air, by the aftions of 
 infpiration and refpiration, Ufed with into, 
 to aft upon by breathing ; to animate. " He 
 breathed into us the breath of lil'e," Decay of 
 Piety. To force out of the mouth with the 
 particle out. •' Who breathed out nothing but 
 flame." SpeSl. No. 22-;. To make long- 
 winded by exercife. " The greyhounds are 
 as fwilt as ^^ij/^f^ftagf." Shak. To found 
 by the breath, applied to wind infiniments. 
 " To b>eatbex.h^ flute " Prior. To fend up 
 in vapours, appearing like the breath in frofty 
 weather. "Hlsaltar/5;var/Wambrof:al odours." 
 Par. Loft. To figh, or ofter up, without be- 
 ing he:<rd. " 1 have toward heaven breaih'd 
 a fecret vow." Shak, In Surgery, to open by 
 a lancet. " To breathe a vein." Dryd. 
 
 BRE'ATHER, S, [from breathe and er, 
 one who enjoys life 5 one who is alive. " I 
 will chide no breather in the world." Shak, 
 He that caofes or animates by his breath, al- 
 luiiing to God's breathing into man the breath 
 of life, as the Scripture expiefles it. "The 
 breather of all lite does now expire." Norrii. 
 
 BRE'ATHING, S. the .-aion of fetching 
 breath. Figuratively, alive. A fiih of devo- 
 tion ; fecret prayer conceived in the mind, but 
 not uttered in words; an afpiration, " To 
 high heav'n his pious breathings turn'd-" 
 Pr.or, Breathing-places, vents, or chinks, that 
 let in frefti air. 
 
 BRE'ATHLESS, AHj, [from breathing. 
 kfs] out of breath, or fcarce able to breathe 
 from fatigue, or hurry. Figur,;tively, dead. 
 " The brcathlcjs corpfe with pious tears bs- 
 dew'd." 
 
 BR:E'CKNOCKSHiRE, S. [from Brecb- 
 einar, Brit, fo called, as the Welch pittend, 
 !rom prince Brccbanus'j a county in Wales, 
 bounded on the E. b) Herefordfhire, on the 
 S. by Monmouthdiire and Glamorganlhire, on 
 the N, by Radnorfliire, and on the W. by 
 Cacrmarthenftiire. It is well ftored wi'h pa- 
 fture, woods, wild dei:r, and herds of cattle, 
 of which they fend grcdt droves every year 
 M 3 , t9
 
 B R E 
 
 tpEne<iin<3. The Ulk and Wye, %v'nich run 
 through ir, abound in excellent lalmon, trou", 
 fe'f. It has 6 1 pavlfh cliurches, 6cco houtes, 
 four market tov/ns, is about jo6 miles in cir- 
 cumfereric?, }ics ic Landaft diocefi , fends one 
 snember to parliament, and its chief town is 
 Brecknock, which ihe Welch call jiter }lorshy 
 from q'^er, Prit. a tonflugnce, and lUi:-Uy 
 the name oT a river, on account of its bein(; 
 fituatfd on the confluence of the rivers Uortik;' 
 and Uj'k. This tovi.n vvas formerly inhalnted 
 >>y the Rp.Toar.s as appears Iroin feveral coirs 
 found in it ; ii is poverned by two b^il ffs, 
 fifteen aldermen, &c. has t'A'o markets week- 
 ly on Wtdr.efday and Saturday, canies on a 
 good trade in woollen goods, and v. 113 com- 
 puted, or 161 itieafiued miles from London. 
 
 BREDE, §. [See BJlAlDj a border 
 woughl with the needle in different colours 
 r«-remMrH)t flower;, &c, " In a curious bnde 
 of P^sdle-wcrU. A'U>,'. 
 
 BREECrf, S. [pronounced hitch, from 
 ir^-jti, to bres-k] the back and lower psrt of 
 
 B R I 
 
 BRE'EDINC, S. education, Inflruftion, 
 Figuratively, genteel and polite behaviour ) 
 the method taken in rearinp a child. " Why 
 was my I'reedu'g order'd and prefciibod." M'dt, 
 
 BREESE, S. [I'ro'ifa, Sax. tnJJJo, Ital ] in 
 Natural Hlllory, a flinging fly, called the gad- 
 fly. 
 
 BREEZE, S. [hrczza, Ital. J a gentle, 
 cooling pleafant breath of wind. In Naviga- 
 tion, a fhifting wind blewing from the Tea and 
 land alternately at certain hours, a.nd lenfiblc 
 only near the confts. 
 
 RREEfZY, Adj. refreHied by breezes. 
 BREST, S. in Archite£lurf, the member 
 of a column, named likewife torus, or tore. 
 
 BRET, S. [bre!t, Teut. a table, (o called 
 from its frame, berton'ia. Norm. J in Natural 
 U'flory, a round flat fi(h, of the turbot kind, 
 called like^Aife hurt or hrut. 
 
 BREVE, S. in Mufi-, a long no»e, for- 
 
 perly pricked in th" form of a iqijare without 
 
 ny tai', equivalent to two mcafures, minims. 
 
 the body, from ivhe.Tce the excrements aie femibreve?, cr bar?, and is now wrote thus O. 
 
 Apflicd to a piece of cannon, the 
 ^inc'cr pa't, crtha' p ri behind :he tn.ch-hcle. 
 BREE'CHI^S, [prpnounced /-Ti/fte, from 
 Irifc, bia.ci, Sax. l-occke, Belg. Irjyue, Fr. 
 of braua, an old Gaulifh word, brngie, 01 
 lra?bcz.zr, Ital. it has no fmgular] that pirt 
 ef a m^n's drefs which covers his thighs an-i 
 Jjreech. To %i'ear tke treecbts, is a phrafe im- 
 plying that a woman ufurps more autl prity 
 over her hiiHianr^ than becomes her (e>:. 
 
 ToRREEP, V. A. flrom krac!,in. Sax.] 
 to produc, hiing forth, or gei-erate ; to edu- 
 cate, nourifh, cr bring up. Sorretlmes ufrd 
 with th? p.u icles to and up to. Figuratively, 
 to occafion, or canfe. '' Intemperance and lull 
 ir«(/ infirmities.-' T'lZ/jr,'". Applied to place, 
 to give birth to. " The worthicft divine ihar 
 Chriftendom has hrcd.'" hhokcr. To cut, ap 
 plied to the teeth. " Children would breed 
 their tc;!b with much lefs danger," Liche 
 To keep animals for pfecreating, pr multi- 
 plying their rpecie?. ^ 
 
 To BREED, V. N, to be bis with child ; 
 to be pregnant. " Luc'na, it feenis, w^'^brud- 
 ingy SpeS?. No. 45 1. To propagate; or in- 
 creafe by propagation. " Fl.es hrc-ed\r\ putre- 
 fied carcafei." Btntlcy. To raifc or increafc a 
 ^ireed. 
 
 BREED, S. a fpecies of animah ; a caP 
 or kind. OfV^'prinr, applied to rnankind. That 
 which '■■' produced at one hatching. " Some- 
 times abdve a hundred at a breed.'''' Grciv. 
 
 BREE'DER; S. [from o^ef:/ and e'] that 
 which pioducet, or is the raufe of any thing. 
 '' Time is the nurfe and breeder of ali good." 
 Shah. That which educates, or brings up. 
 *' Italy and Rome have been the bt;j1 Irecdei 
 and biingers-i;p o( the worthieil mcr." j'lf 
 (ham, A perfen who is not barren ; ens who 
 j-aifes a breed. " The bre:d:n of EntliHi cat- 
 tle." T'.rr.pU. 
 
 ERE'VIaRV, S. an abiidgement or com- 
 pendium. *■ Cafconius has g ven us an abr 
 ridpement, or bre-j'iary thereof." Ayijfe. ' 
 
 EREVIE'R, S. [pranounced bre-vedre] a 
 fmail printing letter, the fame as this book. 
 
 BRE'VITY, S. Ibre-vir^s, Lat.j applied tp 
 writings, the exprefhng a ler.timent in very 
 lew words ; concileneis ; lliortnefs. 
 
 To EREW, V. A. \bru:, Btit. to boil, bier, 
 brcM^n, Belg. brairen, Teut. br'tivar, Sax. J to 
 make beer or ale uy m'x'ng rnalt and hops 
 with boiling water, and hrmcntin^ it alter- 
 w^rds v^ith yeaft. Figuratively, to make any 
 drink by boiling different ingredients 5 to con- 
 trive; to plot. Ufed ntuterlv, to perform the 
 cfiice of a brev.^er ; to make ale or beer, 
 
 BREWER, S. [frrm init, and er] one 
 who makes malt liquor, and ftlls it, 
 
 BREW' HOUSE, S- [Uom hrei:- znA hou(e, 
 of ,i>M/.', Sax. a place or houfe wherein beer 
 or sic is made. 
 
 BREWING, S. the prncefs or method of 
 making ate or beer; the quantity ot liquor 
 produced by brewing, "A breiving ot new 
 beer." Bacon. 
 
 BRE'WIS, S. [briti'k.-ra, Brit, from bro, 
 Bfit, to boil, apd bara, Biit. bread, a'-breu; er, 
 Fr. to foakj a piece of bread bulled in a pot 
 together with meat. 
 
 BRl'ER, S. See BRIAR. 
 BRITE, S. a gift or reward given to a per- 
 fon to engage him to determine contrary to the 
 merits of a caufe : fomething given to a perfon 
 to ft fie evidence ; fcmething given to an elec- 
 tor, to engage him to vote for a particular can- 
 didate. 
 
 ERI'BERY, S. the aft of giving a perfon 
 money to engage him toany particular fide, or 
 utidrrtakirg. 
 
 BRICK, S. \h\che, brude, Belg. brl<jue, 
 Fr.j a fat reddiii or white e-rth, formed in 
 
 WO-dcn
 
 B R I 
 
 Wooden molds of various fizes, firrt dried in 
 the »ir, and afterwards burnt in a kiln or 
 clamp. Oil of br\ci.\% olive oil imbibed by 
 heated bricks, pounded afterward', and dil- 
 tilled in a retort. 
 
 To,BRICK,V.A.folay Of build with bricks. 
 
 BRI'CK-BAT, S. a piece or fragment of 
 a brick. 
 
 SRI'CK-DUST, S. the duft of bricks ; or 
 the powder of bricks made by rubbing them 
 on each other, or pounding them. 
 
 BRI'CK-KILN, S. [from hrkk ^x\A kUn, 
 or cylene, or cy!ne, Sax. a furnace] a place 
 ■wherein bricks are burnt. 
 
 BRl'CKLAYER, S. one who builds with 
 bricks. 
 
 BRI'CK-MAKER, S. one who makes 
 bricks. 
 
 BRI'DAL, Adj. [from bride] that which 
 belongs to a wedding. 
 
 BRIDE, S. [brid, or bryd, Sax. bruth, 
 Goth, brud, Dan. bruyd, Belg. hraut, Teut. 
 brudur. Run. a beautiful woman] a name gi- 
 ven to a woman the day of her marriage, and 
 fometimes after the v^edding-day is over. 
 
 BRI'DEBED, S. [bnd bid, Sax. braut bot, 
 Teul.J the bed on which a new married 
 couple lay. 
 
 BRI'DE-CAKE, S. a cake with which the 
 guefts are entertained at a wedding. 
 
 BRI'DEGROOM, S. [from br\de and 
 ^cotk; from groom, Belg. br'tdguma, Sax. br'id 
 gume, I/l. or Dan. bruydgome, Belg.j a new 
 married man. 
 
 BRI'DEMEN, S. the male attendants, as 
 the bride-maids are the female attendants, or 
 company at a wedding; the office of the lat- 
 ter is to undrefs the bride on the wedding 
 night, and fee her to bed. 
 
 BRI'DEWELL, S. {St. Bridgid's well, 
 a medicinal water, which, during the glooms 
 of unlettered enthufiafm, was reported to have 
 performed feveral remarkable curr.s] a houfeof 
 correflion near Fleet-ditch, London, built by 
 Henry VIII, as a royal palace for the recepti 
 on of the emperor Charles V. Any place where 
 vagrants and (trumpets are obliged to beat 
 hemp, or kept to hard labour as a punifhment. 
 
 BRIDGE, S. [bricg, brigge, Sax. bru^^e, 
 Teut.] a building of ftone or limber confifting 
 of one or more arches, intended for the p. iVage 
 of men or carriages from one fide of the river 
 to another. The word iiMV/^fi is ufed figura- 
 tively for the upper part of the nofc; and in 
 mufical inftruments for a piece of wood, which 
 Hands upright on the belly of the inflrument, 
 and fupports the firings. Hanging bridges, are 
 thofe which are not fupported auher by pofls 
 or pillars, being fuftained only by the two ex- 
 tremities. A dniiv- bridge, is made faft only 
 at one end with hinges, fo that the other may 
 be lifted by chains fixed to it. A fyir.g- bridge 
 is made of pontoons, leather boats, cafks, 
 &c. covered with planks, for the pafl'ag'- of an 
 aimy. A bridge of boati is made of copper or 
 
 B R I 
 
 wooden boats, faftencd with ftakes or anchor*, 
 and covered with planks. The bridge of boats 
 at Rouen, rifi's and falls with the tide, is near 
 300 yards long, and paved with ftone, like a 
 rtreet ; carriages with the greateft burdens go 
 over it with eafe and 'V'sty. 
 
 BRIDLE, S. [bruUl, bridi, Sax. breyde!, 
 Beig. bride, Fr. brida^ Span, briglia, Ital.] 
 the bit, headftall, fillet, throat-band, reins, and 
 nofe band, which are farter.ed on a horfe's head 
 to manage' and govern him. Figuratively, a 
 reftraint, curb, check; cautious, %'idilant. 
 
 To BRIDLE, V, {hridlian, Sar." breydehn, 
 Belg. probably from i^rryv/ifn, uxkcriden, Belg. 
 to ride] to manage a horl'e by means of a 
 bridle. Figuratively, to check ; or reftrain ; 
 or keep within bounds. Ufed neuterly, to 
 hold up the head in an afFciled manner, ap- 
 plied to the attitudes of a woman. 
 
 BRIEF, Adj, [href, Fr. of brevis, L^t. 
 fhortj appropriated to language, fhort, con- 
 cife, oppofed to difFufive or verbnfe. " The 
 brief flile is that which exprelfes much in 
 little." B. JobnfcTt. 
 
 BRIFF, S. [pronounced breef, bref, Ifl, 
 brief, Belg. a ktter] a Ihort and exprefljve ac- 
 count or deicriplion. In Law, a writ where- 
 by a perfon is fummoned to anfwer to any 
 afiion ; an abridgement of a client's cafe, con- 
 taining in a ccncife manner, tlie proofs and 
 objeflions that may be made by the contrary 
 party, together with anfwers. to them, wrote 
 out tor the inftrudtion of counfel on a trial. 
 In Canon Law, letters patent, generally read 
 in churches, giving a liccnfe for making a 
 colledtion all over the kingdom for any pub- 
 lic or private iofs, the money for which is col- 
 leifJed by the church-wardens. 
 
 BRIE'FLY, Adv. [pronounced i/vf/?y,from 
 brief, and /)'] in fe^" words ; concifely. 
 
 BRIE'f NESS, S. [from brief i^ni nfs] the 
 quality of exprcfling a thing in few words ; 
 concifenefs; fliortnefs. 
 
 I'RIE'R, S. [brar, Sax.] in Botany, a kind 
 of piickly tree, diftinguifhed popularly into 
 fweet or wild ; and being a fpecies of the rofe, 
 fee that article. 
 
 ERIE/RY, Adj. full of briers, thorns, or 
 pricUly plants. 
 
 BR'iG, nnd BRIX, [of the Saxon brig, 
 bricg, or triggc] fignifies a bridge, and is join- 
 ed to the names of fuch places as do, or have 
 enjoyed the advantage of fuch an edifice. 
 
 BRl'GADE, S. [hrignde, Fr. brigjta, Ital.] 
 in the Military Art, a part or div;)ii>n of an 
 army, whether horfe or loot, under the com- 
 mand of a bri;;adier. A brigade of an army, is 
 a body of horfc of ten or thiitetn fqudrons, 
 or five or fix battaliotiS ol foot ; a /'rigade of a 
 /■'•Off/' i« a third part of it, wheti tonfitting of 
 fitly foldiers ; but only a lixth, when it coi'.- 
 fifts of one hundred ; that is, a troop is di~ 
 vided into three brigades in the former cafe^ 
 and in'o fix io ihe latter. 
 
 BRl'GADl£RGt,Ni;RAL,S. [pronoun- 
 M 4 cei
 
 B R I 
 
 ti.i hr'igaJeer^ an ofncer comnaandinpa trigaJel 
 of hoiie, or foot, and ranking next below a 
 maif""- general. 
 
 BRFGANDlNr., S. f from /'W^-jW/w, Fr ] 
 a kind of ancicni defenfive arm<iur, confilting 
 of thin pliable plates, like fcales J a coat of 
 
 mall. 
 
 BRPGANTINE, S, [brigantln, Fr. b-lg- 
 ertino, Ital.J a fmall, light, flat, open vedel, 
 with twelve or fifteen benches on each fide for 
 rowers, going both wi'h fails and oars, fit for 
 boar.ing, or giving chafe, and chiefly ufed by 
 the Corfaits. 
 
 BRIGHT, Adv. [leorcbt, Sax. of heorchte, 
 Sax. light, haercht, Goth.] fliining; fplendid; 
 glittering with lisht. Figuratively, ftrcng j 
 clear ; or that which introduces more light in- 
 to the mind. " Brigiicr evidence." IVatti. 
 Noble, fhining, illultrious, or that which fcts 
 a perfon in a confpicuous point of view, ap- 
 plied to aftion. " A bright reign." Applied to 
 lagacity, quick, penetrating. " Bright ■genius.^' 
 
 To BRI'GHTEN, V, A. to make a thing 
 feline which was dull, or covered eith.-r with 
 ruftordufl:. Figuratively, to difperfc. ^'Bright- 
 ens up my forrow." Pbl'Mps. To make fa- 
 mous ; torenderconfpiciious J to heigh.eii, ap- 
 plied tocharailer, " The queen would bright- 
 en her charader, Gfc." SiviJ). Ufed neuter- 
 ly, to ftine again after bein-4 obfcured. 
 
 BRFGHTLY, Adv. [from bright and <>] 
 with fplendor ; with luftre. Figuratively, in 
 iuch a manner as will raife an advantageous 
 idea of ourfelves. 
 
 BR1/GHTNF.SS, S. [from bright and nef,] 
 the luftre which appears on tlie light of bur- 
 riiflied metals, or cut diamonds ; fplendor. 
 Figuratively, goocnefs i fagaciiy ; pcrfsflions 
 that make a perfon conlpicuous. " Thebriuht- 
 r.e[s oi his parts." Prior. 
 
 BRILLIANCY, S. [ from " *n7//fln^ Fr. ] 
 l;reatnels of lulire, or fplendor which daziles 
 the eyes. 
 
 BRI'LLIANT, Adj. [briUiart, Fr.] fpark- 
 ling, or reflecting the rays of light, with great 
 luftre. 
 
 BRi LLIANT, S. [from briUer, Fr. to 
 ?hineor fpirklej a diamond quite flat under- 
 neath, and cut on its upper part in triangular 
 faces, the uppermoft ending'in a point. 
 
 BRIP»I, S. [brymme, Sax. brim, III. brtm- 
 mt, Dan. braar,. Tent.] the edge cr exire'T.i- 
 lies of a thing. Aprlied to the hat, that part 
 ■which iscockcu or turned upward. Applied to 
 any vcffcl, or or nking-ghfs, the uppermofl 
 part or edge. Figur.livcly, the lurface of any 
 liquor or fluid. " Dipped in the brim of the 
 water." Jcf. iit. 15. The top of a bank 
 v;afhsd bv a river. 
 
 To BRIM, V. A. to fill full; to fill up 
 to the brim. Neuterly, to be full to ihe 
 lop. 
 
 'bP.I'MFUL, Adj. full to the ton. Figura- 
 tively, r-" 'dy to run over, by being charged too 
 full. " His eyes ^i/'^K/ of tears," ^d^ij. 
 
 B RI 
 
 BRI'MMER, S. a velTel or bowl filled up 
 
 to the brim. 
 
 BRI'MMING, Adj. filled to the top. 
 " The hrimmuT glaffes." Phillips. 
 
 BRI'M.STON'E, S. fot tryme-ftore, front 
 brur.r.e, III. to burn, and fltin, a ftone, ;'. e. a 
 burning or inflammable Hone] in Natural Hif- 
 tory, a fat, utiiftuous, mineral, yellow fub- 
 ftance, dry, folid and friable, melting with 
 a g ntle heat, inflammable, and when fired in 
 the open air, burning almoft all away with 
 a blue flame and a noxious vapour, endued 
 with an eleftric power, and not dilToluble in 
 an acid menftruum. 
 
 BRl'NDF-D, Part, [brln, Fr. a branch] 
 flreaked 5 marked with flre-iks or branches j 
 tabby. '• Thrice the trinded cat hath mew'd." 
 Shak. 
 
 BRINDLE, S. fSee BRINDED] applied 
 t© thefl:reakS~upon the/kinof a beaft, of a dif», 
 lerent or darker colour than the other parts. 
 
 BRI'NDLED, Part, marked with ftreaks 
 of a different or darker colour, applied to the 
 ikin of a bead. 
 
 BRINE, S, Iffc-brirte, Sax. bryr, Belg. 
 brynni, ](]. to \vater, brur.a, Go;h. a fpring 
 or fountain] any fait liquor; fea water. Fi- 
 guratively, the fea ; tears. " What a deal of 
 hrir.i hath walh'd ihy fallow cheeks." Sbakm 
 The liq'jor or pickle which proceeds from 
 failed meat. 
 
 To BRING, V. A. ffrom bringan. Sax. 
 pret. brohte\ biiggan, Goth, preter brahta ; 
 irirgen, Teut. picler gebrdkto ; brergen, Belg. J 
 to caufe a perfon to come, or to fetch a thing 
 to another, difiini;uilhed from carry, becaufe 
 it may then be done by another ; but the word 
 bring implies, that a thing is done by one's 
 felf. Figuratively, to procure, Ufed with the 
 particle in, to introduce. " The folly and 
 madncfs of mankind brought in (Aic gods." 
 Stilling Jlcct. Ufed with tack, to make a per- 
 fon or thing return; to recover; to rccal. 
 Ufed with ro, to lead, or condufl ; to induce, 
 or ptvivail upon. Ufed with about, to accom- 
 pi'fh. Ufed with off, to clear from any charge ; 
 to free from danger. Uf:d with ever, to pre- 
 vail on, or induce, a perfon to alter his ier\- 
 timents ; to convert or fcduce. XJiti with out, 
 todifcovera tiling which is concealed. Ufed 
 with under, to fubdue, vanquilh, or tyran- 
 nize over. Ufed with up, to inftruft, edu- 
 cate ; to teach j to introauce a falhion ; to ad- 
 vance, or come forward with, atplied to an 
 army. " Bring tip your men." AZv^. 
 
 BRI'NiSH, Adj. [from Z.;;;;f and i/h, of 
 ifc. Sax.j like brine; faltifii. 
 
 'BR.INK., S. Ibrink, Dan. brcg, Sclav. 
 brfgh, Epir. See BRIM] the extreme edge of 
 a river, precipice, &c. Figuratively, the 
 highcft degree of danger. " The brink of do- 
 frru'/ti in." 
 
 BRyNY, Adj. fading faltifli, or like brine, 
 or any oihtr liquor that refe.tib'ss it. 
 
 BRISK, Adj. [ar brys, Brit, bryfjuw, 
 
 Brit,
 
 B R 1 
 
 '^t'iX. hri^e, br'izy, bryzycko, Boh, laszo, I3al. 
 irufjut, Fr.] lively, gay, airy 5 tu!l of vivacity 
 and fpirits, applied to the difpofition. Vigo- 
 rous, full of aflivity and power, applied to 
 aftion. Sparkling, mantling, applied to liq^uors 
 Bright, glaring, and ftrongly aftefting the 
 fight, applied to colours. 
 
 To BRISK-UP, V. N. to advance in .1 
 fprighily, lively, and nimble manner. 
 
 BRl'SKET, S. [according to Skinner, the 
 fame as brejiet, a diminutive of brej}, the an- 
 cient fpelling of bieaji ; brkhet, Fr.] the breart 
 of an animal, particularly that part which 
 lies next to the ribs, 
 
 BRl'SKLY, Adv. [from bnjk and lyl in a 
 bri/k, lively, adlive, and fpirited manner. 
 
 BRISKNESS, S. [from bnJk and ncfs, of 
 Te[l'e, Sax.] a light, airy, and chearful difpo- 
 fition ; vivacity or livelinefs ; activity, gaiety. 
 
 BRI'STLE, S. [hnjlle, Sax. borjiel, fau- 
 ■hurfi, Teut, ] the ftrong hair which grows and 
 Hands upright on the back of a boar, &c. 
 
 To BRFSTLE, V. A. to ereft the briftles 
 upright when enraged, applied to a hog. Fi- 
 guratively, to grow angry ; to advance to an 
 enemy in order to attack him, or revenge an 
 sffront, Ufed with the particle up. Neuterly, 
 to ftand ere£l like the briftles of an hog, 
 
 BRISTLY, Adj. [in Botany] cncompaff- 
 ed with a fubftance refembling hairs. " The 
 brijlly chefnut," Diyd. .Thick fet with hairs, 
 or brirtlc;. 
 
 BRI'STOL, S. [called in Welch Caer Oder 
 Ndnt Badon, the city Odera in the valley of 
 B-idon. It was likewife named Caer Brito, 
 and Brightjlroiu, Sax. a famous place] a city 
 on the rivers Avon and Frome ; though fitu 
 ated partly in Gloucefterfhire, and partly in So 
 tnerfetfiiire, yet it belongs to neither, having 
 diftinft magiflrates of its own, and being a 
 county incorporate by itfelf. For populouf- 
 nefs, riches, and the extenfivenefs of its trade, 
 it is undoubtedly the third city in England. 
 This city is governed by a mayor, aldermen, 
 two (henffs, a recorder, (Sjc. is well fupplied 
 with all forts of provifions, has markets on 
 Wednefday and Saturday, and fever.il fairs in 
 the year, which are frequented by people from 
 almoft all the trading places in the kingdom. 
 It his 19 churches, though but 17 parifhes, 
 and feveral meetings for quakers, (s'c. It fends 
 two members to parliament, and 1594 comput- 
 ed and io4mearured milesdiftantifromLondook 
 BRISTOL, S^ county of, a fubdivifion ol 
 New Plymouth colony, in New England, 
 North America. It includes Rhode-ifland, 
 as well as Elizabcth-ifland, at the mouth of 
 Mouni's-bay, and lies to the S. W. of Fly- 
 mouth county, another fubdivifion of this, 
 colony. Of the fame name is the largeft 
 and moft populous, though not the oldcft 
 towa ol the county, which has a convenient 
 harbour, with Rhode ifhnd lying at the en- 
 trance of it ; and, next to Bo£xon, has the beft 
 
 B Rl 
 
 trade in New England, and is continually in- 
 creafing both in th.it n-.^pedl and in the- num- 
 ber of its inhabitants/ Near Brlftol is a re- 
 markable hill called Mount-Hope, where 
 Philip, rtiled the kingof Wamponoags, whra 
 made war on the Englifii in king Charles II's 
 reign, had his refidence, as he afterwards met 
 his fate and quietus at the bottom of it, when 
 driven back thither by the Englifh, 
 
 BRI'TaIN, Great, S.° [fuppofed by 
 Camden to be derived from brith, Brit, paint- 
 ed, on account of the firft inhabitants paint- 
 ing their bodies ; and by others from bvydlo, 
 Brit, to grow boifterous or tumultuous, applied 
 to the lea ; and as the Britl/h feas were always 
 notorious for their boifteroufnefs, and tlieword 
 brydio communicates this idea fo jadequately, 
 the conje(f1:ure feems fomewhdt fpecious ,• and 
 brydanireih, anger or warmth, from the fame 
 root, leads us eafily to brydain, in Sax. brytair.e, 
 or, as wrote by moderns, Britain] in Geo- 
 graphy, an ifland, the largeft in Europe, of a 
 triangular form, bounded on the W. by the 
 Irilh fea, on the N, by the Northern ocean, 
 on the E. by the German ocean, on the S. 
 by the Britilh channel, the narroweft part of 
 which is called the Streights of Dover. The 
 fea, thus furrounding it, is not only a fccurity 
 againft an enemy, but likewife greatly acates 
 the violent colds the climate would otherwife 
 be expofed to, the continual motion of the fea 
 fending in a kindly vapour which mollifies the 
 natural fharpnefs of the air, fo that in fome 
 parts of France and Italy, the winter is as fe- 
 vere as ours in Britain. The fertility of the 
 foil is, in a great ineafure, owing to the fame 
 caufe, by furnifhing us with gentle fliowers in 
 their proper feal'ons. To enumerate the pio- 
 dufls and manufadtures of thi« ifland would 
 exceed our limits, efpecially as they will be 
 fpecilied in our account of the different coun- 
 ties and moft remarkable places ; but we fliall 
 in general fay, that it yeilds all the necefiaries 
 and many of the conveniences of life, and the 
 induftiy of the inhabitants, and their applica-" 
 tion to trade, fupply it with the riches and 
 luxuries of the known world, It has on all 
 fides very convenient harbours, and a great 
 many navigable rivers ; the moft confiderable 
 of the latter are the Thames, the Severn, and 
 the Humber, in England ; the Clyde, Forth, 
 Tay, &c, in Scotland, which carry along 
 with them into the fea vaft ;nimbcrs of leiler 
 ftreams. Its length is 587 miles ; and its 
 breadth 2S5, according to Moll. It lies be- 
 tween 50 and 60 degrees N. latitude, and be- 
 tween 9 and 17 degrees W. longitude, Tene- 
 rifj'e htirm the firft meridian, 
 
 BRITISH, Adj. belonging to Britain. 
 
 BRITTLE, Ad.i, [bniund. Sax. from 
 britian, S.ix. and Gaulifti, bryder, Dan. to 
 break] that which breaks or crum'.;Ies ta 
 pieces witji the l.-'ft force or violence. 
 
 BRl'TTLENESS, S, [from tV;V,-,'^ and «./?,
 
 B E. O 
 
 •f rejfi. Sax.] that quality which renders a 
 
 thing eafy to break. 
 
 BROACH, S.[hroche, Fw] an inftrument 
 ©» ftake forced through a joint of meat, by 
 means »t which it is turned round, and i;s 
 parts are fucceirively expofcd to the a£lion of 
 the fire, in roafting ; a nDufical inftrument, 
 which is played upon by means of a handle 
 that tutus a cylinder round on its axis, and 
 gives motion to the feversl keys by pieces of 
 wire fixed perpendicalar on its furface. 
 
 To BROACH, V. A. to fplit ; to pierce 
 with a fpit. Figuratively, to force a fpicker 
 or cock into a veli'cl, in order to draw the li- 
 quor J to tap i to open ; to wound fo as to 
 let out blood. A low expreflion, alluding to 
 tke tapping a velVel. " Bloaj was reaoy to 
 be ircs:FJ," Hudih, To be the author of, 
 applied to doiftrine, or opinion. 
 
 CRO'ACHER, S, [trom broach zni tr] * 
 fpit cr ftake to roaft meat on. Figura:ive!y, 
 the firft inventor, author, or founder of any 
 opinion or doiSrine. 
 
 BROAD, Adv. [pronounced ^riJ-zoV; from 
 hrad. Sax. hrtyd, Or breed, Belg. hr(\t, Teut.j 
 wide, or the extent between the fides of a 
 Sbing j difiinguiflied from length, which is the 
 enter>t or fpate between the two ends. Figu- 
 ratiirely, large or great. " A bread mixture of 
 folly." Locke. DiftufiYC, clear, and bright. 
 " Appears in the broadcj} light." Decay of 
 P'ucy. Coarfe, giofs, obfcene, applied to 
 iKiguage- " In fome places he is bread and 
 Iklfome." Dryd. With i!ie eyes wide open. 
 •* He was broad awake." 
 
 PRO'AD-CLOTH, S. a manufaflure 
 made of fheeps wool of our own cloth m'xt 
 with that oi Segovia in Spain, the ftaple com- 
 snodity and honour of this nation, lo called 
 from its breadth, which is fo great that it is 
 weaved by two perfons ; who fit at each fide, 
 and fling ihe fhuttle to one another. 
 
 BRO'AD-EYED, Adj. that which can 
 fee tcv a great dift nee round ; or has a very 
 large prorpc(fl in Ci^ht. " In defpite of hroad- 
 rffd watchful day." Shakefp. This conveys a 
 Boblc image to the mind, and is an elegant 
 nfe of the ter^n. 
 
 BRCAD-LEAVED, Adj. that which has 
 broad leave?. 
 
 BRO'ADLY, Adv. [from broad 2nd fy, ot 
 ice, Sax. J in a broad manner, 
 •, BRO'ADNESS. S. [from bread and nejs] 
 tr^adth j the extent between the lelvcdges or 
 lift of cleth ; the fpace between the fiics ot a 
 thing. Figuratively, obfcene, immodeft. "To 
 palliate the broadrtfs of the meaning." Dr\d. 
 BRO'AD SHOULDERED, S. mealurinc 
 n)uch,cr ot great width, between tlie fiioulders. 
 BRO'ADSIDE, S. the firing all ;he guns 
 ©n one fide of a fliip into an eneir.y's veliel 
 Figuratively, an attack ; or a poHtive and 
 Miiexped\td charge of fomething criminal, by 
 yiiy of accufation, or reply. 
 
 BRO'AD SWORD, S. a iliarp edged cut- 
 ting fword, with a broad blade. 
 
 B R O 
 
 BRO'ADWISE, Adv. [frora broad and 
 wife; of giif;, Teut a manner, or wayj ac- 
 cording to the breadth. 
 
 BROCA'DE, S. [brocado, Span.] a fluff of 
 gold, filver, orfilk, raifed, aud embellifhed 
 with flowerj, foliages, or other ornamcTts. 
 
 BROCA'DE D, Part, woven with flowers, 
 or ornaments of various colours. Figuratively, 
 dreft in brocade. 
 
 BRO'CCOLI, S. in Botany, a fpecjes of 
 cabbage. 
 
 To BRO'GUE, or BROGGLE,, V. A. 
 [irotii/fe, Fr. to difburb] applied to eels, to fifJi 
 for by making tlie w^ter muddy or thick. 
 
 BRO'GUE, S. [iref, Ir.j a wooden fhoe ; 
 a corrupt or vicious manner of fpeaking or 
 pronouncing. 
 
 BRO'lL, S. [brouUkrie, Fr.] a quarrel, con- 
 teft, tumult, or war. 
 
 To BROIL, V. A. [pronounced as if wrote 
 bri/e, from bruhr, Fr.] to drefs meat either by 
 plating it immediately on the coals, or en a 
 gridiron over a fire. Ncuterly, to overheat by 
 immoderate exercife. Ufed improperly for to 
 hunt. " All the planets and comets have 
 been broilir^ in the fun." Cbeyne. 
 
 BRO'KAGE, or EROKL'RAGE, S. mo- 
 ney gained by promoting bargains ; cr what is 
 given by a broker for commiflion ; the trade 
 of buying and felling fecond-hand things. 
 
 To BROKE, V. N. [probably from 
 bruccan, Sax. lo be bufy^ to tranfadl bufinef* 
 or buy and fell for another, at a certain fum 
 per cent. 
 
 BRO'KEN-HEARTED, Adj. in a con- 
 dition which admits of no comfort ; dejeftedj 
 indefpair; difconfolate. 
 
 BRO'KENLY, Adv. [trom brohn ani ly] 
 ia an unconneded manner; without any con- 
 nexion ; bv loofe fentences. 
 
 BRO'KEN-ME AT,S. fragments, or pieces 
 of meat taken from a table. 
 
 BRO'KER, S. [formerly called bro?ger, 
 i. e. a broken tradefman ; from trok, Sax. 
 none others being admitted by the 8ih and 
 9th of William III.] one who buys or fells, or 
 iranfafts bufinefs for another. By abufe, the 
 word is applied to thofe who deal in fecond- 
 hand goods. Exchar:^e-broher,h one who con- 
 cludes bargains for others, relating to the re- 
 mitting of money, or bills of exchange. Stock- 
 broker!, are thofe who buy or fell for others, 
 parrs or fhares in the joint fiock of any public 
 company, as the bank, South-fea, ^c- Ponvn- 
 btokers, arc thofe who lend money to the necef- 
 fitous, upon a pledge of goods, given aj fecu- 
 rity. In low language, it implies a pimp or 
 procurer. 
 
 BRO'OMING, or BRE'AMING, S. the 
 burning the filih a fliip has coniracled, with 
 firaw, reeds, broom, &c. when Ihe is on the 
 careen. 
 
 BRO'NTOLOGY, S. [from ^icvTv, and 
 Xcj-is, Gr.] a di'i'courfe on thunder. 
 
 BRONZE, S. Ibicnze, Fr.] a mahod ufed
 
 B R O 
 
 fcy ftatuaries to make their plaiflered bufts 
 look as if compofed of brafs. Of this there 
 are two fortr, the red brafs or bronze, and the 
 yellow, or gilt brafs. 
 
 BROOCH, S. [broke. Belg.] a jewel ; an 
 ornament of jewels. Figuratively, an orna- 
 ment j glory. " He is the brooch indeed and 
 geiTi of all the nation." iibak. 
 
 To BROOD, V, N. [i»-a;cle», Sax. int- 
 din, Belg.] to hitch, or fit upon in order to 
 hatch; to fit like a hen hatching her eggs, 
 beautifully applied in the following fentence. 
 ." Where hrood'mg darknefs fpreads his jealous 
 wings." Milt. To fit near and watch with 
 great anxiery. " Rejoicing milers — brood tje.x 
 tlieir precious ftores." Smith. Ufed aftively, 
 to hatch. Figi.iratively, to cherlfh or keep 
 alive by incell'ant anxiety. " You'll fit and 
 hro'j.i vour forrows on a throne." Dryd. 
 
 BROOD, S. {hrod. Sax] a parcel of chick- 
 ens hatched by one hen, at one time. Figu- 
 ratively, iiftspring, cliil.ireii ; prnduclion. 
 
 BRO'ODY, Adj. inclining t.. hatch, or to 
 fit on eggs to hatch them. " The common 
 hen, all the while (lie is broody.''' Ray. 
 
 BROOK, S. [brok, Sdx. brock, Belg.] a 
 fmall and fhallow running water. 
 
 To BROOK, V. A. \brucan. Sax.] to 
 bear without refentment or complaint ; to 
 put up v/ith. Applied to misfortunes, or 
 affronts ; to endure. 
 
 BROOM, S. [brum, Sax] in Botany, the 
 genijla, Lat. gemct, Fr. Linnasus ranges it in 
 the third fe<n:. of his yth clafs. Theie are lo 
 fpKcies. Likewlfe an utinfil made with the 
 twigs rtf the abovemen'.ioned plant, and ufed 
 in fweeping hniifes or fireets. 
 
 BROO'MSTAFF, S. the (TarT to which 
 the twigs ot broom arc bound to make a be- 
 fom ; the handle of a broom ; named more 
 generally in London a broom-jhck. 
 
 BROOMY, Adj. full of, or abounding 
 in broom, 
 
 BROTH, S. \broth. Sax. hro;^e, and ' hrue, 
 Belg. hrado, Ital. hrad'io, Span. J a kind of 
 foup, made by boiling meat down in a fmall 
 quantity of water. 
 
 BRO-THEL, or BROTHEL-HOUSE, 
 \bordil, Fr. bordeUo, Itaj.j fo called from their 
 having been formerly built nea--, or upon the 
 banks of rivsrs] a houfe inhabited by profti- 
 tutes, and fet apart for the pri(flice,of lewd- 
 nefs. 
 
 BRO'THER, S. [^«/jto; and Irothcnw 
 the plural, the former of which feems con- 
 fined to the Scriptures. From brother. Sax. 
 which in i's obl'que cafes makes hrcthcr\ a 
 term of relation between two male children 
 fprung from the f.ime father or mother, or 
 both. Among the ancients this term was 
 ufed with gre.iter huiiu'ie than at prefent, 
 and fignified evr.n firft coufins ; in this {tn{t. 
 it is ufed in Scrip' ure, when msniion is made 
 ot our Lora's brethren. Figuratively, a per- 
 
 B'H U 
 
 fon united by the mofl: ardent aft«£lions of 
 friendfhip ; one of the f.ime trade j a perfon 
 refembling another in qualities, or conduft. 
 " He that is flothlul in his work is brother 
 lo him that is a great wafter. " Prov. xviii, 
 9. Among divines, taken for a man in gene- 
 ral, alluding to our being all defcended from 
 one common parent. 
 
 BRO'THERHOOD, S. [from /5ro/^<r and 
 hood-, of had, w hade, Sax.] the ftate or con- 
 dition of a brother'; ths relation in which 
 one brother flands with refpeft to another. 
 Figuratively, men living together in the fame 
 houfe, and profeffing the fame principles, ap- 
 plied to monks or friars ; men incorporated 
 together by the fame charter ; men of the 
 fami trade. 
 
 BRO'THERLY, Adj. that which fuits, 
 or belongs to a brother. 
 
 BRO'THERLY, Adv. [from brother and 
 />'] after the manner of a brother. Figura- 
 tively, in a very affeiflionate manner. 
 
 BROW, S. \_brofJa, Sax. broiu-ve, Belg, 
 aug brautu, Teut. brsio, Pol. broou. Ruff, 
 brun, Ifl. fingular, brys, plur. hence the Scotch 
 bruu, and the north country eye-brees] the 
 arched colleftion of hairs over the eye in 
 human creatures. Figuratively, the looks 
 air, or appearance of the countenance. Ap- 
 plied to a hill, the verge or extremity of its 
 furface. 
 
 To BRO'WBEAT, V. A. to endeavour to 
 awe a perfon by ftern and haughty looks, ef 
 words. 
 
 BROWN, Adj. [brun, S-ix. brau?,, Teut. 
 bnine, Fr. briino, Ital.] fun-burnt, of a co- 
 lour which miy be madeof a mixture of black 
 with any other colour. Figuratively, dark 
 gloomy. " Broivnw\t\\ o'er-chargingfhades." 
 Fi,pe. Uled as a fubftantlve, dark, or dufty 
 colour. 
 
 BROWNISH, Adj. [from i/-ow«and ;)?jj 
 fomewhat brown, inclining to brown, of a 
 taint brown. 
 
 BROW'NNES, S. [from brown and w/j] 
 that idea or fenfation which is excited in the 
 mind on feeing a brown colour. 
 
 To BROWSE, V. A. [brct4er, Fr. bruf. 
 care, Ital. of Sfuia-KM, Gr.] to feed on herbs, 
 leaves, or grafs. To crop or eat, applied to 
 cattle. Aftively, to feed or eat, ufed with or:, 
 or upon. " Brotvfc on the fhrubs." Blackm. 
 
 BROUZE, S. pafture; properly leaves or 
 fhrubs fit for goats and other animals to 
 eat. 
 
 To BRUIZE, V. A. [pronounced hruxt-^ 
 bryjfan, Sax. briz,z.cn. Old Gaulifh, brijer, Fr.] 
 to crufli or hurt by any thing blunt, which 
 does not cut the /kin, or let the blood out ; 
 to crufli by any weigl>t ; to beat in a mortar, 
 fo as only to crufh or dellroy the form of a 
 thing, without reducing it into powder. 
 
 BRUISE, S. a hurt whereby the Ikin ig 
 not broke. 
 
 4 BRUIT,
 
 B R U 
 
 Bruit, S. [bruit Fr.j a report, rumour, 
 •r n. lie; fomethirig which is the common 
 lopic ot converfation. 
 
 To BRU'iT, V. A. to Toread abroad j to 
 divulge ; to rumour. Both the verb and the 
 BOiin are fekioiri ufed. 
 
 BRU'MA, or BRAHMA, S. the idol of 
 the Brahmans, who, thty fay, produced as 
 jnaiiy woi}ds as he has confiderable parts; the 
 firft worlf^, which is abov? the heavens, being 
 formed of his brain ; the fecond, of his eyes ; 
 the third of his mouth, &c. 
 
 BRU'NETTE, S. [the plurs] irurei/ss, ac 
 wording to Addifon; brui:ette, Fr. oi brun, Fr. 
 brownj a perfon of a brown complexion^; ge- 
 nerally applied to the female fex. " To infult 
 the olives and the brunettes."'' Guardian. 
 
 BRUNT, S. [brunft, Belg. heat] the onfet, 
 attack, or fliock of an enemy ; the force, 
 violence, and ftroke of a cannon. " An heavy 
 brunt of cannon ball." Generally ufed with 
 the verb bear, To hear the Irunt, is to fuftain 
 the attack of an army. Figuratively, any 
 difficultv, or crofs and uncxpefted accident. 
 
 BRUSH, S, [or^/^, Fr. brucchl:, Ital.J an 
 jntlrumeiit made o( briftles or hair fattened to 
 wood, ufed either for fweeping rooms, ch-an- 
 ing cloaths, or painting. Figuratively, a 
 flight attack or ftirmifh in war. 
 
 To BRUSH, V. A. to clear a thing of duft 
 By means of a bni/h ; to todch in one's paf- 
 fage. Ufed with up, to paint, to make a 
 thing look well by a brufh. Ufed neu- 
 terly, to pafs quick, and clofe to a perfon, 
 joiBsd with the particle by. "Brujh'dr^- 
 girdlcfs /y." Dryd. To ilcim upon the fur- 
 face; to pafs along fo as juft to touch the 
 furface in th; paffage, ufed with oier. " And 
 brupnng o'«r adds motion to the pool." 
 
 BRU'SHER, S. [from brufi and er] a per- 
 fon who makes ufe of a brufh ; one who cleans 
 •with a bnith. 
 
 BRU'SHY, Adj. rough or fhaggy like a 
 brurti. " The brujhy fubftance of the netve." 
 
 To ERU'STLE, V. N. [hrafiliaa, Sax.] 
 to crackle, or make a noifc, like the rullling 
 of armour, or that of rich filks. Figuratively, 
 to fwagger, heftor, or approach a perfon in a 
 'threatening manner. 
 
 BRUTAL, Adj. [from brute; bruitil,Yi.'\ 
 that which belongs to a beaft, cppoled to ra- 
 tional. Figuratively, inhuman, cruel, favape, 
 without or contrary to reafon, and the princi- 
 ples of hu.Tianity. 
 
 BRUTALITY, S, [brutorne,Vr.'] a difpofi 
 tioi) or behaviour contrary to the laws of rca 
 fon, or didlates of pul.tcnefs and humanity ; 
 cbuilifiinefs, favjger.e's. 
 
 To BRU'TALIZE, V. N. {hnitalixcr, Fr.] 
 to prow mcrofe, fovage, inhuman, and like a 
 brute. Aftively, to make btutifti or f<ivjge. 
 
 BRUTE, Ac). \h.vt:^', Lat.J fenfclefs 
 *' The fons of h':'tc eaith." Bent^ Savage ; 
 utbumani void of all the tender and foclai 
 
 B U C 
 
 affeflionj; not having the ufe of reafon; 
 
 roueh ; uncivilized. 
 
 BRUTE, S. an animal without the princi- 
 ple of reafon ; a beaft. Figuratively, applied 
 to men as a term of the Tnoft mortifying re- 
 proach, and implying a perfon void of huma* 
 nity, and an enemy to reafon, 
 
 BRU'TISH, S. [from brute ini ijh, of if c, 
 Sax. J refembling a beaft, either in form, or 
 qualities. Figuratively, rude ; inhuman ;fenfe- 
 lefs; ftupidly ignorant; rcgardlefs of reafon, 
 or contrary to its diftates. 
 
 BUB, S. [a cant word, perhaps a contrac- 
 tion of ^«iA)', put for the milk it containtj 
 ftrong malt liquor. " He loves cheap port, 
 and double bub." Prior. 
 
 BU'BBLE, S. [bobb/e, Belg. boble, Dan.] a 
 fmall bladder of water ; a little round drop of 
 any fluid, filled and expanded with air, and 
 deftroyed by the leaft touch. Figuratively, 
 fomething eafily deftroyed ; a cheat, or the 
 perfon cheated. 
 
 To BU'BBLE, V. N. to rife in bubbles ; 
 to make a gentle noife as it runs, applied to 
 water ifiuing from fome narrow place, or its 
 fountain-head. Adlively, to cheat or defraud 
 by projefls of imaginary advantages. 
 
 BU'BBLER, S. [from bubble and er, of 
 
 w^T, Sax.] one who cheats by projefts, pro- 
 
 mifing great advantages for the loan of money. 
 
 BU'BBY, S. a woman's biealt. A low 
 
 term. 
 
 BU'BO, [from ^or-^av, Gr. the inguen, 
 where it generally appears] in Surgery, a tumor 
 or fwelling, attended with an inflammation ga- 
 thering in the groin, fefc. A malignant bub» 
 is owing to fome contagious difeafe, or vene- 
 real t'lint. A mild bubo takes its rile from the 
 ftagnation of glutinous and inlpifTated blood. 
 BUCCA'LES, S. [gfanduU, Lat.] in Ana- 
 tomy, fmall glands difperled over the infide of 
 the cheeks and lips, feparating the fpittle, 
 which mixes with the food in the a£lion of 
 chewing. 
 
 BUCCA'NEERS, or BUCCANERS, S. 
 [from bucaii, to drefs meat on hurdles, by 
 means of fmoak] a kind of favages in theW. 
 Indies, who prepare their meat on a hurdle of 
 Brazil wood, placed at a great height from the 
 fire ; the meat thus dreffed has an exceeding 
 plcafant fmell, fine relifh, is of a rofe colour, 
 and a great reftorative to fick people. The In- 
 dians ufiiig to cut their prifoncrs to pieces, and 
 drels thenr) in this manner, the term was ap- 
 plied to the famous adventurers or pirates, who 
 anViciatej themlelvrs in order to plunder the 
 Spanifh doi;iinions in America in i6S6, and 
 were guilty of great outrages. At prefent it 
 is given to the French ano Spanifli inhabitants 
 of the iflanci of St. Domingo, whofe whole 
 employ confifts in hunting bulls and wild 
 boars, whofe flelh they drefs after the Indian 
 manner. 
 
 BUCK, S. [bivcb, Brit, bucce, Sax. bouc, 
 
 Fr,] the male oi the fallow deer, rabbets, 
 
 6 hares.
 
 BUG 
 
 hsres, goats, &c. Among deer It is as cor- 
 pulent, and has horns like a hart, differing 
 only in fiie, growing out of the head like 
 lingers on the hand, LikewiJe a cant name 
 for a club, or foclety, fo called tVom their ule 
 of thefe hunting terms, calling their prefidentj 
 the grand buck, &c. 
 
 BUCK, S. [boucLe, Teut. hucata, Ital.] 
 ley made of alhes for wafhing linen. Figura- 
 tively, linen. " She walhes biich here at 
 home." Sbi2iefp. 
 
 To BUCK, V. A. [derived from the fore- 
 going I'ubftaniives.J When from buck fignity- 
 ing a deer, it denotes to copukte ; and wrhen- 
 from buck fjgnifying ley, it implies to walh 
 cloaths in ley. 
 
 BUCKET, S. [bajuet, Fr. or buc, Sax. 
 and et] a wooden veflVl refembling one half 
 of a barrel or pipe, fitted with a handle form- 
 ed like a ftmicircle, and ufed to draw water 
 out of a well; likewife a leathern veffel of 
 the faire form ufed in fires to ferve the en- 
 gines wiih water. See PAIL. 
 
 BU'CKINGHAM, S. the capital of the 
 county of the fame name. It is governed by 
 a bailiff, who rtturns two members to par- 
 liament. It is large and populous, lying low, 
 on the river Oufe, over which it has three 
 ftone bridges. In theN. part ftands the town- 
 hall, a handtbme flrufture ; and in the weftern 
 is its church. Here is a fieefchool ; and the 
 county-goal and court, with the aflizes, are 
 kept here. In its neighbourhood on the Oufe 
 are feveral paper-mills. Its weekly market is on 
 Saturday, an^ the annual fairs here are Mon- 
 day fe'ennight after Epiphany, March 7, but it 
 leap-year March 6, May 6, Whitfun-Thurf 
 day ; July 10, September 4, Odlnber 2, and 
 November 8 j all for cattle. It hath a c^ftle 
 on a hill, but is now in ruins. The town 
 lies ten mi'.es N. E. of Aileltury, and forty- 
 fix from London. 
 
 BU'CKINGHAMSHIRE, S. [of ^«f,Sax. 
 a buck or bart, from its abounding with that 
 fpecies of animals] in Geography, a county 
 fituated almnft in the center of England, 
 bounded by Berklhire and the Thames on the 
 S. on the W. by Oxfordfiiire, on the N. by 
 Northamptonfhire, and on the E. by Bedford- 
 fiiire, Hertford/liire, and MiddL-fex ; it is but 
 39 miles long, 18 broad, and 138 in circum- 
 ference. It is divided into eight hundreds, 
 contains 185 pariihcs, about i3,ooo houfes, 
 121,400 inh..bi;ants, fends 14 members to 
 parliament, is famous for its paflures, and 
 manufactures of paper and bone lace, the 
 latter of which is little inferior to that of 
 FLind'.'rs. The chief town is Buckingham, 
 which was fortified by Edward the elder in 
 918. 
 
 BUCKLE, S. [b-ivcel, Brit, and Arm. 
 boucle, Fr.J an inftrumenfmide of a link of 
 metal with a tongue and catch, nfed to fallen 
 the ftraps of the fnocs, the harncfj of hones. 
 
 BUD 
 
 &c. a curled lock of hair; or hair in a ftate 
 to make it curl. 
 
 To BU'CKLE, V. A. to faften with a 
 buckle. Figuratively, to marry, or join. " Is 
 this an age to bi'ckle lu'ub a bride ?" Dryd, 
 To confine, ufed with the particle in. " The 
 llretching of a fpan buckles i» his fum of 
 
 age." Sbak, To comb a wig in curls j t« 
 prepare hair for taking a curl. 
 
 To BU'CKLE, V. A. [back:,!, Tout.] t» 
 hend or bow under a weight, ufed with under. 
 Figuratively, to bend one's inclinations, to ap- 
 ply, or attend tu. 
 
 BU'CKLER, S, [buccLr, Brit. i>oucner, Fr. 
 buckler, Dan.] a large piece of defenfive ar- 
 n;our, buckled to the arm, and ufed by the an- 
 cients tj defend their bodies from the blows 
 or dans of the enemy ; being found cumbei- 
 fome, they were changed for thsihield, which 
 is of lefs dimenfions. 
 
 BU'CKRAM, S. [hougram, Fr. bucherame, 
 Ital,] a coarfe cloath m^dsof hemp, gummed, 
 calendered, and dyed ; ufed by taylors to ftiffera 
 their garments ; and by packers to wrap up 
 cloths, fer.,es, Gfc. They are fometimes made 
 of old fheets or pieces of fails gummed. 
 
 BU'CKRAMS, S. [{o called from being 
 brov;fed by the goat, cilled bivch in WclchJ 
 ill Botany, the fame as the wild sarlic. 
 
 BU'CKTHORN, S. [from buce, Sm. the 
 belly, and thorn. Sax. a prickly bu(h ; from its 
 purgative quality of cleanfing the belly] in Bo- 
 tany, a plant called rbamnus, Lat. and ncrpi-uir.^ 
 Fr. It is ranged by Linnieus in the firft [tit 
 of his fifth clafs. There are four fpecies. " 
 
 BU'COLIC, S. [from (33ux:X=ai, to feed cat- 
 tle, fiw^toXoc, Gr. a herd fman ] pafroral poe- 
 try, fuppoied to be the moft ancient fpscies of 
 poetry, to hsve had its original in Sicilv, amidft 
 the mirth and diverfions of fhepherds, to have 
 been i^fpired by love, and owing to leifure. 
 Theocritus is the mo.1 famous v.-riter in this 
 fpecies amon^: the Greeks ; but is fuppofed 
 to be too coaric in his txpreflions and (enti- 
 ments. Virgil copied him in Latin ; bur has 
 run into the otlier extreme of bein^ too polite. 
 Mr. Pope has followed him too cloff to be look- 
 ed on as an original, and has copied his polite- 
 nefs too nearly nut to be involved in the fame 
 eenfure. Spencer indeed fcems to have been 
 as great a mafter in this as allegorical poetry ; 
 his language, his fentiments are the exa£l 
 copies of innocent fimplicity, and his pailorals, 
 by keeping a due m^.m between the c; arfe 
 rufticity of Theocritus, and th: elej.ince of 
 Virgil, have carried this fpecies of poetry to 
 as hii,h a degree of perfection as can be ex- 
 pc£ted. It would be .1 piece of '.■ijuftice if 
 Mr. Gay fhoulJ not be mcntionel together 
 with Spenfer, when he poilefles {o much of 
 his fpirir, and ha? fo apreebly imitate.! hit 
 manner. Phillips has alfo excelied in thij 
 fpecies of writing. 
 
 BUD, S. \^'We, Be!g. hauUr., Fr.] in Fo- 
 
 tany.
 
 BUG 
 
 lany, the fmall fwellings or prominences on 
 the bark of a tree, which turn to ihoots, &c. 
 Among Gardeners, it denotes the firft tops of 
 fallad plants ; and in Hufbandry, a weaned 
 calf of the firft year, being fo named from 
 the budding of its horns. Figuratively, the 
 beginning, firft appearance, tender and im- 
 mature ftate of a thing. 
 
 To BUD, V. N. to fwell with perns or 
 little prominences. Applied to vegetables, to 
 put forth fhoots. Figuratively, to be in the 
 iloom of youth. " Young iWJ.V.'^ virgin." 
 Shjk:ff>. Aftively, in Gardening, to ino- 
 culate, by inferting a l/ud into u tree. " Im- 
 proved, by budding upon a peach ftock." 
 temple. 
 
 BU'DDLE, S. a place where miners wafh 
 their ore to fit it for the furnace. 
 
 BUDGE, Adj. fliff; furly ; formal. 
 «« Thcife h:,d?e doflors of the f oicks." Mut. 
 BU'DGET, S. [hcvgette, Fr. holgia, Ital. 
 hilig, Sax.] a fmall bag ; that which is con- 
 tained in a budget ; a Aore or ftock. " The 
 fox's whole budgtt of inventions failed him." 
 U'Efirange. 
 
 BUFF, S. [from lufjlo'] the hide of a 
 ¥uf}'alo dreii'ed in oil, afier the manner of ftia- 
 jnois ; any Ikin drcilcd after the fame manner 
 as buff. 
 
 BU'FFALO, S. [Ital.] in Natural Hiftory, 
 a wild animal, longer and higher, but in moft 
 other refpe£ts like an ox. 
 
 BUTFET, S. [baffetto, or bufetit, Ital. 
 hofetadiSy Span.] a blow on one lide of the 
 head given with the fill. Figuratively, indig 
 nity, profecution, or jiardfhip. '•' A man 
 that fortune's buffctisnd rewards haft taken." 
 Sbakefp. 
 
 BUTFET, S. [i^fcae, Fr.] a kind of cup- 
 board or clofet formed with an arch at the top, 
 and furniflieJ with ftielve?, ufed to|lJce china 
 and plate in for {how and oinament. 
 
 To BUTFET, V. N. [from the noun, 
 iuffeter, Fr.] to ftrike on the head with tlie 
 handj to box. Figuratively, to ftrike any 
 thing forcibly with the hand. " Buffetting 
 the billows." Ufed neuierly with the panicle 
 for, to box, or fight with the fifts. " If I 
 might buffet for mv love." Shskefp. 
 
 BUTfETER, S. [from ^«j?Iy and rr] one 
 •who fights with his fifts ; a boxer. 
 
 BU'FFLE-HEADED, Adj. that which 
 has a head like a buffalo. Figuratively, dull, 
 ilupid. 
 
 BUFFOO'N, S. [hcuffon, Fr. huffone, Ital.] 
 •ne who endeavours to excite laughter by low 
 jefts, and antic poftures } a mcrry-andrew, a 
 jack-pudding. 
 
 BUFFOO'NERY, S. the ufing low jefts, 
 ridiculous pranks, or fcurrilous mirth, in order 
 to extort a laugh from the company. 
 
 BUG, S. [from bug, Brit, bcgau, RufiT.] 
 an infecl of a roundifh ftat form, a daikifh red 
 colour, which breeds in houftiold ftuff and 
 beds, blifters where it bites, is produced from 
 
 B U L 
 
 a nit, and ftinks when killed. LikcwrCe i 
 flying inledl formed like a beetle, and named 
 a Ma-i-Lug, or Mt>y-fy. 
 
 BUG, or BU'GoEAR, S. [from pug. i 
 da;mon or devil] an objedl which raifts ter- 
 ror j a walking fpedire ; aghoft; generally 
 pplied to the imaginary terrors ufed to 
 frighten children. 
 
 BU'GCINESS, 5. [hom buggy and «/jJ 
 infefted with bugs. 
 
 BU/GGY, Adj. abounding with hugs. 
 BU'GLE, or BU'GGLE-HORN, S. [of 
 bti^an, Sax. to bend, or bucula, Lat. a heiferj 
 a fmall bending horn ; a hunting hor-n. 
 
 EU'GLE, S. a ftiining bead, Jf a cylindri- 
 cal form, and made of glafs. 
 
 To BU'iLD, V. A. [the preter, 1 kuUt, or 
 have built ; from b'lldcn, Belg.] to make or 
 raife houfes, Sec. Figuratively, to raife on any 
 thing as a fupport or foundation. " Love 
 built on beauty, foon as beauty dies." Dor.tre, 
 
 BU'jLDER, S. [from ouild and er, oi •zv-tr, 
 S^x. a man] one who conftrudls or raifes 
 houfes. Sec. 
 
 BU'ILDING, S. a fabric or place ereftcd 
 for fhekcr from the weather, for dwelling, or 
 lor the purpofes of reli.ion, fecurity, or mag- 
 nificence. Building, r, ufed in its piimajy 
 fenfe, for the art and a£l of raifing e>iifices, 
 
 BUL, S. [from tke Heb. to flow, or pour 
 down] the name of the eif^hth mon h in the 
 Jewifh calender, anfwerinp to Oiflober, fo 
 named from the he-ivy ftiowers wiiich fell in 
 this month. " In the eleventh year in the 
 month /?«/." I Kings vi. 38. 
 
 BU'LAFO, S. a mufical inftrument ufed 
 by the negroes of Guinea. 
 
 BULB, S. [bulbus, Lat of /ioX|?o;, Gr.] 
 in Botany, a thick root, nearlv round j of 
 which there are two fpeci^s. 1. The tunicaled, 
 or coated, a. The (quamous, or fosJy. 
 
 BULB A'CEOUS, Adj. the fame as bulbous, 
 but not fo proper. 
 
 BU'LBOUS, Adj. that which refembles or 
 contains a bulb ; that which has a round root. 
 BULLFINCH, S. {bogjlmh, Dan. blutfnck, 
 Teut. i. e. hloodjinch] a long bird, fo called 
 from its red colour ; it is remarkable for its 
 imitating wind mufic, particularly the fla- 
 geolet. 
 
 To BULGE, V.N. [originally wrote /^i/^^, 
 which fignified the lower part of a (liip, fiom 
 bilig. Sax.] to fpring a leak by ftriking the 
 bottom on fome rnck or place which makes a 
 hole, or forces oil fome of the timber, ap- 
 plied to a ftiip ; to founder. To ftick or jut 
 out, ufed with the particle from. " Timber 
 that i«/^ts_//ow its bottom." Moxon, 
 
 BU'LiMY, [/ScyXiy.tt, frorr &ov, fignifying 
 large, or great, and hiy-oi;, Gr. hunger] \n 
 Medicine, an enormous appetite, attended with 
 faintings and coldnefs at the extieme parts. 
 
 BULK, S. {bulcke, Bdg. the bread, or large 
 part of the human trame ; bulla, Span, the 
 fuim, ftaiure, or fize of the body] fize, dirtien- 
 
 lions.
 
 B U L 
 
 Ions. VkA with the word ptcfle, &c. ths 
 gteateft part, and I'ometimes the vulsir. 
 ** Thefe wife men difagree from the ou.'k of 
 the people." FreehoU. No. 51. The human 
 frame. " It did fcem to (halter all his hulk." 
 Slmkefp. Applied to a (hip, (he whole fpace 
 iu the hold for the ftowage of goods ; like- 
 wife the cargo. To /'reak bulk, is to open or 
 unload any part of the cargo. 
 
 BULK, S. [from bhkU, Belg. a beam, 
 ijick, Tcut.] in BuiWing, a part of a building 
 piojecling from the window, like a table, and 
 ufed either for placing commodities on, by 
 way of (liovv j or fur porters to pitch their bur- 
 thens. 
 
 BU'LKINESS, S. [from bully and nefs] 
 the largenefs of a thing ; the greatiiefs of Uze j 
 er dimenfinns. 
 
 BU'LKY, Adj. of great fizeor ftature. 
 
 BULL, S. [boJ.'e or bul, Belg.] the male 
 of black cattle, kept generally for propagating 
 the fpecics ; any thing made in the torm ot a 
 bull. In Aftronomy, one of the twelve (ignr 
 of the Zodiac, into which the fun enters in 
 April. A blunder or contradidion. " It iv 
 what the Englilh call a bull in the expj-eiJion." 
 
 BULL, S. [buHe, Fr. bulla, Lat. a feal, 
 or round dropj which was worn by the young 
 nobility of Rome round their necks ; and the 
 edifts of the popes, bsing fealed wi,h lead 
 in that form hanging from the parchment, 
 obtained the fame name] in Ecclefiaftic Hi- 
 flory, an inftrument made out at the Roman 
 or pope's chancery, fealed with lead, and of 
 the fame nature with the edifts of fecular 
 princes. The feal prefents on one fide the 
 heads of St. Peter and Sr.^Paul, and on the 
 other, the name of the pope, and the year of 
 his pen'.ificate. 
 
 BULL, Adj. in compofition like the |iar- 
 ticle ^lu in Greek, fometimes deno'es large- 
 ncfs, as bull bead, and in fuch cafes Is not to 
 kc looked on as derived from the Englifli 
 noun, but from the Creek particle. 
 
 BU'LL-BAITING, S. [from bull and 
 ka'tt-^ of baton, Sax. to beat or fightj the 
 worrying or teazing a bull, by fetting dogs on 
 him. 
 
 BULL-DOG, S. a fpecjes of dogs of a 
 ftrong make, round head, noted (or never 
 quitting i's hold, whenever it h;? (aliened, 
 and ufed in baiting bulls, which they generally 
 feize by the nofe, and pin to the ground. 
 
 BU'LLET, S. bculet, Fr. a diminutive of 
 hcule, fignifying a little ball] an iron or leaden 
 ball or (hot, ufed to load guns with. Accord- 
 ing to Mr. Derham, a bullet (hot out of a 
 great gun flies a mile in a I'ttle above feven- 
 tecn half feconds, and reckoning the fun's 
 diftance 86,oi;i,3q8 Englifh miles, would be 
 thirty-two years and an half in its pali'age to it, 
 in its tuU force. Rtd-bot bullets arc heated in 
 a forge, and ufed to fet a place on fiie, con- 
 taininjj combuftibles. HtUtiu bullets, are made 
 
 BUM 
 
 cylindricsl, with an opening and Fufe'e »t rmt 
 end, which giving fire to the infide, when in 
 the ground it burfts, and has the (ame eft'eft 
 as a mine. Chain bullets, are two bullet* 
 joined by a chain thr.-e or four feet lo«»g. 
 Branch bullets, two balls joined by a bar of iron 
 five or fix inches apart ; and t",vo Leaded bul- 
 lets, named likewife anjjles, are the two halves 
 of a bullet joined by a bar or chaiu j they arc 
 chiefly ufed in fea-fights, to cut the rigging, 
 ma(ts, &c. 
 
 BU'LL HEAD, S. figuratively, s ftupii 
 perfon. In Natural Hi(lory, a filh ciUed lilir- 
 wife the miller's thumb ; its head is broad ani 
 flat, difproportionable to its body. 
 
 BU'LLION, S. \_billon, Fr. bafe money, 
 billon, Span, metal to make money ofj goi.i 
 and filver in the mafs, neither wrought nor 
 coined ; fo named either when they are firft 
 mrlted from the ere, or after they are refinei 
 and cait into ingotf, or bars. 
 
 BU'LL-TROUT, S. [from bull, implying 
 t;reit, and trout] a fpecies of trout abounding 
 in Northumberland, exceeding thole of the 
 fouth both in length and in breadth. 
 
 BU'LLY, S. [from bull, becsufethofe wha 
 were intru(ted with the pope's bulls, ufed to 
 beh >ve in a proud, haughty or infolent man- 
 ner] a perfon who makes ufe of threatening 
 expreiTions, and infolent behaviour, with great 
 (hew of courage, but poflefTed of great cow- 
 ardice. In low language, ufed for a perfofi 
 who attends a lirumpet, efpoutes her quarrclf 
 and protedls her from thofe whom (he has pro- 
 voked to give her a drubbing. 
 
 To BU'LLY, V. A. to behave with nolfy 
 infulence and perfonated courage, in order to 
 frighten a perfon into any meafures or compli- 
 ance. 
 
 BU'LRUSH, S. [fromii///, implyinglarge, 
 :md r:,y2)] a large ru.fh, growing iii the fea, 
 liver;, and in moift places. 
 
 BU'LWARK, S. [bohvird; Belg. bclU 
 iverck. Sax. boulevard, Fr. bokardo, Ital.] a 
 icrtification or baflion. Figuratively, a fecu- 
 r.ty or prote>Slion. 
 
 BUM, S. [bimmk, Belg.] that part of the 
 uorteilors on which a perfon fits. Ufed in 
 compofuion, to conv:y the idea of reproach, 
 or foTicthing low and defpicable, as in the fol- 
 lowing word, hum bailiff. 
 
 BU'M-BAILIFF, S. a perfon employed to 
 execute a writ, or arreft a perfon j a bailifi' of 
 the meaneft fort. 
 
 BU'MKIN, S. {bromken, Belg. from boom, 
 a tree, znA ken, a diminutive particle, imply- 
 ing, whenaJded, a logger lead \ a perfon wl>9 
 has not had the benefit of a polite education, 
 but is grofs in his conceptions, rude or unpo- 
 liftied in his behaviour, and void of experi- 
 ence with refpedt to the world j a ruftic, or 
 clown. 
 
 BUMP, S. [perhaps from iawj a Ave lling 
 occafioned by a blow. 
 
 To BUMP, V. A. to kick a perfon, or 
 
 fttike
 
 BUN 
 
 Jlrike with the knee in the breech. To make 
 a loud nolle, applied to that made by the bit- 
 tern. 
 
 BU'MPER, S, [from Icmme, Belg. a cOver 
 or head of a calk, becaufe the liquor covers 
 the brim of a ghfs, in the fame manner as 
 the head does the cafk ; or a corruption from 
 hon fere, it being cuftomary in Italy to drink 
 the pope's health in full glaflesj a cup or glafs, 
 filled up to the briin, or as full as it can 
 hold. 
 
 EU'MPKIN. See BUMKIN. 
 BUNCH, S. \hugno, Ital. a knot or fwell- 
 ing ; huncker. Ban. the crags of a mountain] 
 any prominence, hard knob, or fwelling rifing 
 above the furface of a thing. Many things of 
 the fame kind growing together. A clufter. 
 applied to vegetables. Several things colledtcd 
 or tied together at one of their extremities. 
 *', Bunch oi keys." Locke. 
 
 To BUNCH, V. A. to grow? in knobs or 
 protuberances. To fwell, ufed with cut. 
 *' Bunching out into a large round knob." 
 Wotdnv. 
 
 BU'NCH-BACKED, Adj. having bunches 
 on the back; hump-backed; crooked, owing 
 to the diflocation of the back or ihouider 
 bone?. 
 
 BU'NCHINESS, S. [from ian<-,?>j and rf/i] 
 the quality of beit g uneven with refpeft to 
 furfac^ ; growing in knobs or clufters, op- 
 pofeH to fmoothnefs. 
 
 EU'NDLE, S, a parcel of goods,.or coller. 
 tion of things lied or wrapped together, in- 
 cluding the fccondary idea of being eafily port- 
 able. 
 
 * To BU'NDLE, V. A. to tie or wrap feve- 
 Tal things together. Fi^'irativeiy, to be in- 
 cluded or rolied^ed together j Co be compre- 
 hended or connefted. 
 
 BUNG, S. \birg, Brit, hcmm, Belg.] a 
 ftopple of wood, coik, £ff. for the bung-hole 
 of a csftc. 
 
 To BUNG, V. A. to flop a barrel clofe at 
 its largeft vent, or hole. 
 
 BU'NG-HOLE, S. a large round hole in 
 a barrel, by which it is filled. 
 
 To BU'NGLE, V. N. to perform any thing 
 in a clumfy, aukward manner. Ufed actively, 
 to botch. Figuratively, lo palliate grofsly, 
 joined with the particle up. " But feams are 
 coarfely hungled up and feen." Dryd. 
 
 BU'NGLE, S. a botch ; an aukward and 
 clumfy performance. 
 
 BU'NGLER, S. a bad woikman; one 
 V'ho does a thing in an ignorant, aukward, or 
 clumfy manner. 
 
 , BU'NGLINCLV, Adv. [from burg'.'mg 
 and ly"] in. a bad, clumfy, ignorant, or auk- 
 vvard m?nner. 
 
 BUNN, S. [iiinmieh, butiKilo, Span.] in 
 Pafliy, a cake compofed of yeaft, flour, and 
 carrsway feeds. 
 
 BL'NT.S. fccrrupt'd, according to Skin- 
 Bcr, lrv,m //«•'] the inidcle p.ut of a fail form- 
 
 BUR 
 
 ed into a hafr, or pouch, that it may contain 
 more wind, ^Bur.t-lires are fmall lines faftened 
 to the foot, and reeved through little blocks 
 feized to the yard, ferving to hoift up th*bunt 
 of the fail, that it may be furled with greater 
 eafe. 
 
 To BUNT, V. N. to fwell, ufed with the 
 particle out. 
 
 BU'NTER, S. [a cant word] a womao 
 who picks up rags in the fireet. Ufed figu- 
 ratively, as a term of reproach, to convey the 
 idea of a diriy, nafty, mean, and low-lived 
 creature. 
 
 BU'NTING, S. a bird of the lark kind. 
 BUOY, S. [pronounced hoy, from houee, 
 or hoye, Fr. hoya. Span.] a piece of wood 
 or cork, and fometimes an empty barrel, well 
 clofed, floating on the water, tied to a cable 
 faftened to the bottom of the fea, in order to 
 inform pilots and mariners where anchors are 
 rlropped in the harbours, where the wrecks of 
 fhips are funk, together with fhallovv places, 
 fand banks and other impediments. The v.a^ 
 buoy is made of a piece of a maft or other piece 
 of wooH, which {lands out of the water. Buny 
 is fometimes ufed for a fea mark, which fhews 
 the dangers of difScult p.iffsges. 
 
 To BUOY, V. A. [pronounced %] to 
 raife above the furface of the water; to keep 
 sRoat, Figuratively, to keep any principle or 
 thing from fubfiding, or finking under op- 
 prefTion. " Preib)tery wa? lately buoyed up 
 in Scotland by the like artifice." King 
 Cha'ki. To caufe a thing to afcend by its 
 fpecific lightnefs. " Heat enough in the air 
 t'j continue its jfcent, and buoy it up.^' Neu- 
 terly, to f.oat. Figurarively, to furmount o» 
 get the better of all difficuliies and impedi- 
 ments. " Rifing merit will ^«oy «//> at laft." 
 Pcpe. 
 
 BUOY'.* NCY, S. the quality of floating ; 
 or that quality which prevents a thing from 
 fubfidinu'i finking, or defcending. 
 
 BUOV'ANT, Adj. that which keeps a 
 thing floating ; liaht ; that which will not 
 fi-^ik. Figuratively, that which animates, or 
 keeps from dejection. " His vivid nerves fo 
 full of buoyant fplrits " Thomjon. 
 
 BUR, EOUR, BOR, in the names of 
 places, ate derived from bur. Sax. which figni- 
 fies an inner chamber, or place for retirement 
 and refrefliment. 
 
 BUR, or BURDOCK, [bardane, Fr.] a 
 plant which produces a head covered with 
 prickles, fomewhat like the briftles of an 
 hedpe-hog, which flicks wherever it is caft. 
 
 BU'REOT, S. [from bur, barbate, or bar. 
 bache, Fr. j a river fiJh full of prickles. 
 
 BU'RDEN, S. [fpelt more properly bur- 
 then, o( byrtben, £jX. i>urde, Teat, burr., Brit.] 
 a load, fuppofed to be as much as a man or 
 horfe can carry. Figuratively, a difficnity, 
 opprefTlon, affliflion, or any thing that afTefls 
 a per.'bn with weaiinefs, or becomes irkfomej 
 liie number of tons, or weight a Ihip can 
 
 cany
 
 BUR 
 
 carry. In Trade, applied to flee!, iSo lb. 
 Weight, In Mufic, the drone or bjfs of an 
 organ, bagpipe, ('■i'c. vid the pipe or ftring 
 which founds it ; hence the words, which ate 
 lepeated at the end of every ftanza, are called 
 the i'urthen of a fong. 
 
 To BU'RDEN, to load; to incumber, or 
 put a perfon to great expence. 
 
 BU'RDENER,S. [(rom hurdenin6tr]or\e. 
 who loads. Figura'ively, an opprelfor. 
 
 BU'RDENOUS, Adj. that which makes a 
 load heavy. Figuratively, grievous, oppreflive, 
 irkfome ; putting a perfon to great expence, 
 without being of any firvice to him. 
 
 BU'RDENSOME, Adj. [from burden and 
 f'>ne] applied to a very prefTing load on the 
 body, f iguritively, applied to affliflions, or 
 the trouble one perfon gives anocher, affliding 
 the mind with great anxiety and diftrefs. 
 
 BIJ/RDENSOMENESS, S. [homhurdir, 
 fome and rufs, oi nejfe, Sjx ] applied to loads, 
 weight or heavinefs. Figuratively, applied 
 to calamities and inconvenicncies. 
 
 BUREAU', S. [Fr, pronounced buro] a 
 cheft of drawers, with thf? top floping and 
 furnilhed with pidgeon-holes tokeep writtings 
 in. 
 
 BURG, S. See BURROW. .<tc. 
 
 BU'RGAGE, S. [{xom hu,g, o: hurrcio'] 
 in Law, a tenure proper to citiei and hoiough 
 towns, whereby lands are held of the king or 
 other lord at a certain vearly rent. 
 
 ^ BU'RGAMOT, S.\bcrgaim:ie, Fr.] a fpe- 
 cies of mellow juicy pear. 
 
 BU'RGEOIS, S. [pronounced ia;y»/i, Fr.j 
 a fmall type ufed by printers. 
 
 BUR'GESS, S. [hurgeoh, Fr.] an inhabi- 
 tant of a borough or city j or a reprefentative 
 of a borough town in parliament. 
 
 BU'RGHER, S. [from burg and iv^r. 
 Sax. a man] one who has the right of a citi- 
 zen, or a vote for a parliament-man. 
 
 BU'RGHERSHIP, S. [from burgher and 
 fcypyHtr fcype, Sax.] the dignity, privilege, or 
 effice of a burgher. 
 
 BU'RGLAR, S. [See BURGLARY] 
 one who is guilty of the crime of houfe- 
 breaking. 
 
 BU'RGLARY, S. [oi burg, Sax.ahoufe, 
 and larron, Fr. a thief] in Law, a felonious 
 breaking and entering a perfon's houfe in the 
 nighr-time, v/ith an intent to commit fome 
 felony, whether it be executed or not : If the 
 offence happen in the day-time, it is then 
 called hcuje breaking, by way o' diftin£lion. 
 A rewird of 40I. is given for apprehending 
 perfons guilty ( ' this crime, by 5 Ann. c. 51. 
 
 BU'RGOk.iSTER, S. [m.-ft properly 
 fpelt burghermajlcr ; from borger, Belg. a bur 
 gefs, and ireefer, Belg. a mefterj the chief 
 magiftrate of the towns of Holland, Flanders 
 and Gcrrnany, and anfwers to an alderman 
 and Sheriff of London. 
 
 BU'RGRaVE, or BURGCRAVE, S. 
 [_burgg>aff, Ttnt, bog graef, qt grave, ht\^. 
 
 BUR 
 
 from burg, a town, and ^raff, or gra-ve, a 
 count or lord] the herejitary governor of a 
 caftle, or fortified town in Germany. 
 
 BU'RfAL, .S. [fro.m bury] the interring 
 or plaring a dead body in the ground. Figu- 
 ratively, the placing any thing in the earth;- 
 or underthe water. " We ute them for the 
 /"Kru/i of natural bodies." Bacon. The/urial 
 fer-vice is an office of the church, performed 
 at the grave and interment of one of its mem- 
 bers. 
 
 BU'RIER, 5. [from bury and m] he 
 that places or inters a corpfe in the grave,; 
 Figuratively, that which removes any corpfe^ 
 or other thing out of fight, " Darknefs be 
 the burier of the dead." Sbak, Seldsrr* 
 ufed. 
 
 BU'RINE, S. [Fr.] a tool u(ed by engra-^ 
 vers to make their marks, or eich on metals ; 
 an engraving tool ; a graver. 
 
 BU-'RLESQyE, 9. [burkrco, from burlare, 
 Ital. tojeft] a aroll, ludicrous kind of poe'try, 
 wherein both perlons and things are repre- 
 fenced in fuch a ridiculous !;ght as to excitei 
 laughter. 
 
 To BU'RLESQUE, V. A. to turn to ridi- 
 cule ; to reprjfcnt a perfon or thing in a ludi- 
 crous and ridiculous mannsr. 
 
 BU'RLY Adj. [fuppofed by Skinner to be 
 derived from bo7r-likc, i. e. clownifh] tall or 
 over-grown, applied to ftitire. Of large di- 
 menfions, or very wide, applied to breadth. 
 High founding, fwelling or pompous, applied 
 to ftile. " The orator's own iuriy way of 
 nonfenfe." Coioley, 
 
 To BURN, V. A. [prefer, I burnt, or I 
 have burnt ; barnan, hyman, SaX. brennet'., 
 Teut. brenne. Ifl.J to confume or deftroy by 
 fire ; to occaf'on a wound by fire, or any hot 
 folid body. Neuterly to be on fire, to kin- 
 dle. Figuratively, to fhine as if in flame. 
 '' The barge, like a burnifhed throne, buritt 
 on the water." Sbak, To be violently agitated^ 
 or infljmed by paffion ; to make the cheeks 
 glow with heat, or confume like latent f.re. 
 " 'J'hat turning fhame detains him from his 
 Cordelia." Sbak. To be hot. " L^ke 3 
 young hound upon a ^bri;.-;^ fcent." Dryd, 
 
 BURN, S. a wound or hurt receivdfiom fire. 
 
 BURNING, the adlion of firi on fome 
 fuHilarice, whereby the minute parts are for- 
 ced from each other, put into violent motion, 
 and fom^ of them affuming the p.aturc of fird 
 themfclvcs, fly off to their prop.er fphere, 
 while others either afcend in vapours, or are 
 reduced to afhes. Figuratively, fianie or fire. 
 
 BURNING-GLASS, S. a conve.< gl.!fs 
 v.'hich ci>lle£tsthe rays of the fun into a point, 
 where wood, or other combuftiblc ma^tcrbeing 
 (laced, is fet on fire. As a virood fire is 45 
 times greater than that of the fummer- 
 fun, a gLfs muft condenfc the r.iys of light 
 J5 times to burn. Ths buniing-glafjis tn^ii 
 ot koking-glafles are much more powerf'il 
 thin thofc made by lenfcs, or gUlFes thst 
 N trar.faait
 
 Bur 
 
 traarmit the rays of light threugh them.' 
 
 To BU'RNISH, V. A. [brunlr, Fr.J to 
 poli(h any fubftance fo as to m!.k.e it fliine. 
 Neuterly, to grow bright or glo^y j toihine 
 •with fplendor. 
 
 BU'RNISKER, S. [from iumifo and er] 
 one who burnlfhes or polifhes ; an inltrurricnt 
 ufed by polifliers. 
 
 BU'RNISHiNG, S. the pollfliing metils 
 to make them glofTy, or ffiining, 
 
 BURNT, part, pafiive of iurn, 
 
 BURR, S. [See BURJ the lobe, or lap of 
 the ear ; likewife a fweet-bread of meat, efpe- 
 cially that of veal. 
 
 BU'RR-PUMP, S. a pump by the fide of 
 afhip; called likewife a bilee-pump. 
 
 BU'RRAS-PIPE, S. among Surgeon?, ufed 
 to keep vitriol precipitate, or other corroding 
 powders in. 
 
 BU'RREL, [leurrr, Fr. butter] in Gar- 
 dening, a fpectes of pear, called likewife the 
 red butter fear, 
 
 BU'RREL-FLY, S. {bowrehr, Fr. to tor- 
 ture, fefc.] in Natural Hiftory, a winged in- 
 fedl very troublefome to cattle, called likewife 
 the ox fv, f ad-bee, or breexe. 
 
 BU'R^REL-SHOT, S. [from iuneltr, Fr. 
 to execute, andy^s.'] in Gunnery, a fort of cafe 
 ihot, or fmail bullets, nails, flones, pieces of 
 old iron, tfc. put into cafes, to be difcharged 
 Irom a piece of ordnance. 
 
 BU'RROCK, S. a fmall weir or dam 
 in a river, wheie wheels are laid for caidiing 
 fifli. 
 
 BU'RROW, BERG, BURG, BO 
 ROUGH, BURGH, S. [from iurg, or burig. 
 Sax. a city, tower, or caflle, when joined with 
 the names of placer, a fi^n or mark of their 
 antiquity] a corporate town which fends mem- 
 bers 10 parliament, and formerly applied, only 
 to fortified places. The holes made in the 
 ground by rabbets. 
 
 To BU'RROW, [from hur, Sax. a hill or 
 hiding place] to make holes in the ground like 
 rabbets. 
 
 BU'RSAR, S {hurfar'm, Lat. of turja, 
 Lat. a purfe, bourficr, Fr ] an officer in a col- 
 lege, who receives its monies, and keeps its 
 accounts ; a treafurer. In Scotland, a ftudent 
 feiit to the univerf.ties by each pi'efbytery. 
 
 BURSE, S. [b-.uij!, Ft.burfj,L2U a purfe] 
 an Exchange, or place where merchants af- 
 femSle to rranfaft bufinefs. 
 
 BURST, S. a feparation of the parts of a 
 thing with viol- lue, and attended with noife, 
 an explofion 3 a fiidden and violent action of 
 any kind. 
 
 To BURST, V. N. [preter I lurfi, haw 
 hurfl, or buijlen ; from burjian. Sax. burjlen, 
 Belg J to feparate, or fly afunder with vio- 
 lence ; to quit, or break away, with the par- 
 ticleyr.m. Ufed with in!}. " She burjl into 
 teais." To come in fuddenly. " She ^ur/? 
 into the room." To break, feparate, or difunite 
 with fuddennefs and violencct 
 
 BUS 
 
 BURST, or BURSTEN, [paiticiple ti 
 
 lurjl] in Surgery, applied to one who has a 
 
 rupture. 
 
 BU'RSTWORT, S, [from burJl )nd wort, 
 
 of ivyrt, Sax. a plant or herb] in Botany, the 
 
 hernia. 
 
 To BURTHEN, V. A. 7,, B^TDncM 
 BURTHEN, S. JSceBURDEN. 
 
 This is the moft proper fpelling. 
 
 BU'RY, S. [from bur, Sax. byr, 1(1. a 
 houfe] a dwelling-place or houfe. Added to 
 the Saxon names, implies, that a perfon or 
 company refided or lived there: thus Alder- 
 rr.anlury feems to intimate that the aldermen 
 refided formerly in that place. 
 
 To BU'RY, V. A. to inter a corpfe in a 
 grave 5 to inter with funeral rites; to cover 
 with earth. Figuratively, to conceal, or hide. 
 
 BU'RYING-PLACE, S. a place fet apart 
 for interring bodies; a church-yard. 
 
 BUSH, S. \br^ih, Belg. bu^ck, Teut. bm^otty 
 Fr.] a thick flirub. • 
 
 To BUSH, to grow thick ; to grow in a 
 great number clofe together. 
 
 BU'SHEL, 5. [boi/eau, Fr. bufdlus, low 
 Lat. J a dry meafure, containing eight gallons, 
 or four pecks ; a great quantity ; derived from 
 buftbd, Teut. a bundle. The bufheh of a cart 
 •uihiel are pieces of iron, within the hole of 
 the nave, to preferve it from wearing j of 
 boucht, Fr. a mouth. 
 
 BU'SHY, Adj, full of branches. Figura- 
 tively, fhort, but growing in great numbers. 
 
 BU'SILESS, Adj. [from bufy and lefs, of 
 /^j/s. Sax.] without employ; at leifure. Fi- 
 guratively, without the fatigue which attends 
 bufinefs. " Mo^ bufilefs when I do it." Sbak. 
 
 BU'SILY, Adv. [pronounced irx'Ty, from 
 bu'y and (y] in an officious inqujfitive manner. 
 With an air of feeming hurry from a multi- 
 plicity of bufinefs. 
 
 BU'SINESS, S. [pronounced bifnefs, or 
 blx^ncfs, from bufy and w/i] employment ; a 
 man's peculiar trade or profeflion ; affairs or 
 concerns. After di, properly, fervice, advan- 
 tage, or a means of attaining an end. " A per- 
 petual fpring will not do their bufmefi.'''' Bent. 
 To do a man's Luf.r.efi, is a low and familiar 
 phrafe for killing, dcftroying, or ruining him. 
 
 BUSK, S. (bujjue, Fr.J a piece of fteel 
 or whalebone, worn at the ftomacherof a wo- 
 man's ftays, in order to keep them in the pro- 
 per form, and ftrengthen them. 
 
 BU'SKIN, S. Ibujcktn, or bro/ker^ BeJg. 
 borzaccb'wc, Ital.j a kind of fliort boot worn 
 by the ancients, covering the foot and leg as 
 far as the middle, laced or fattened before ; was 
 worn by the dramatic performers in tragedy, 
 anddiflinguifhed from the/ocA worn in comedy, 
 which was of a thinner fole, and confequently 
 lower. Figuratively, tragedy. 
 
 BUSS, S. [bus, Ir. the mouth, boefen^ 
 Belg. baifer, Fr.J a falute given by the lips j 
 diftinguiihed from a kijs, which is given with 
 a greater fliew of diftancc or ceremonious klnd-
 
 fe it T 
 
 Wcfs. in Flfhery, a fmall veffel frettl 4? to 5o 
 tons burden, ufed in the herring filhery. 
 
 To BUSS, V. A. to falute a perfon with the 
 lips, Figuratively, to touch. "You tower?, 
 whofe wanton tops do hiifi the clouds." Sbaki 
 BUST, S. [bujio, Ital.] in Sculpture, the 
 figure of a perfon in relievo, containing only 
 the head, fhoulJers, and ftomach, ufually pla- 
 ced on a pedeftal or confole. The Italians ufc 
 the term for the trunk of a human body, from 
 the neck to the hips. 
 
 BU'STARD, S. [lucctaM, ItaL] a wild 
 turkey. 
 
 To BU'STLE, V. N. to fet about a thing 
 w th adiiity ; to make a great noife or itir 
 about any thing. 
 
 BU'STLE, S. a hurry of bufinefs j a noife 
 or tumu't. 
 
 BU'STLER, S. [from luftk ani cr, of 
 •war, Sax. a man] an a£live> ftirring, induf- 
 trious man. 
 
 BUSY, S. pronounced bizy, or bijfy, from 
 hufgtan. Sax. befich, Bclg.] engaged in any 
 employment; aclive, diligent, officious. 
 
 To BUSY, V, A. [lee the nounj to keep 
 a perfon emploved ; to employ. 
 
 BUSy-EODY, S. an officious perfon med- 
 dling with the concerns of other people, offer» 
 ing aHillance, and giving advice^ without be- 
 ing aflted. 
 
 BUT, Conj. [buton, bate, hutan, Sax.] 
 when it diverts or breaks off the thread of » 
 difcourle, fo as to purfue a different topic, it 
 intimates a flop of the mind, and fignifies boiv- 
 h:it. " But to fay no more." When applied to 
 limit or rcftrain the fenle to what is exprelfed, 
 exclufive of all ohers, it fignifies on/y. " I 
 faw but two planets." When ufed to imply a 
 thing to be otherwife than it fhould be, it fig- 
 nifies ytt, or r.ci'Crthele s. *' You pray, hut 
 it is not that Gud would bring you to the true 
 religion." Joined with did or bad, it denotes 
 or.'y. " £)f^ iz<r men confider." ^IiHit. After 
 a coTDparative noun it has the force of than. 
 "■ No fooner up, but he privately opened the 
 g.tte." Guaid, No. 167. After the auxiliary 
 verb be, pfeteded by a negative, it implies 
 ctberivje than. " Jt canr.ot be but nature has 
 fome direiftor." Hooker. Joined with /or, it 
 implies luiihoui, or had it not been for. " And 
 but fur mifchief you bad died for fpite." Diyd. 
 After a negative, or a qucftion implying a ne- 
 gative, it denores an exception, or except. 
 " Who can it be, ye Gods, but perjured Ly- 
 con." Smithes Fbad, 
 
 BUT, S. [bout, Fr.] a limit, or boundary. 
 In Sea Language, the end of any plank, which 
 joins to another on the outfide of a (hip under 
 water. 
 
 BUT-EHD, S. the broad or blunt end of a 
 thing, or the end on which it refts. 
 
 BU'TCHER, S. [bouckcr, Fr.] one who 
 kills, cuts up, and fells the tlelh of cattle in 
 a market, or his own houl'e. Butcher is ufird 
 Sjttratircljr for one who is of a barbarous dif- 
 
 BUT 
 
 pofition, delights in murder, or the flaughtef 
 of mankind. " Con-^uerors for the moft part 
 are but butchers of mankind." l^ocke. 
 
 To BU'TCHER, V. A. to flay or kill a 
 bead-. Figufative'y, to murder one of the hu- 
 man (pecies in a barbarous and cruel manner. 
 BU'TCHER's-BROOM, S. in Botany, 
 the knee-h'Af. 
 
 BU'TCHERLY, Adv. [from butcher and 
 lyl in a cruel, barbarous, or bloody manner. 
 BUTCHERY, 3. the trade of a butcher, 
 Figurativi-ly, the commifTion of murder, at- 
 tended with exceffive cruelty j cruelty ; bar- 
 barity, 
 
 BU'TLER, S. [formerly fpelt A9,v;7fr, that 
 is, one who fills bottles, bcuteiUier, Fr. bottig' 
 Herff Ital.] a fer^int who has the care of the 
 win;' and other liquors ufed in a family. 
 
 BUTLE'RAGE, S. the duty upon wines 
 imported, clji-ned bv the king's butler. 
 
 BU'TLERSHIP,'S. [hom butkr and/^i/] 
 the office of a butler. 
 
 RU'rMENT,S, \abouiement, Fr.] in Ar- 
 chit;<fture, fupporters on, or againfi which, 
 thefeepof an arch reft: likewife the little 
 places tiken out of the yard or ground plot of 
 an houfe for a butiery or fcullery. 
 
 BUTT, S. [butie, bytii, Ssjc. bu'^e, Belg. 
 and Teut, botte, Ital. a caikj a veifel cr bar- 
 rel, containing 126 gallons cf wine, 108 of 
 beer, and from K; to 22 cwt. of currants. 
 
 BUTT, S. [bout, Fr.] the place or mark 
 which a perfon is to hit in fnooting. Figura- 
 tively, the point or objeft to wh'ch any per- 
 fon's meafur.es aremsdeby a pufli in fencing; 
 a perfon who is the objedl of ridicule to a 
 wi'hole company. 
 
 To BUTT, V. A. [bctttn, Belg. to beat or 
 ftrike] toftri.ke or give a blovv with the head, 
 applied to the method of attack ufed by a ram* 
 BU'TTER, S. [buttere, Sax. bole-, Belg. 
 butter, Teut. butyrum, Lat. j a f.Tt and un<fluou3 
 fubllance made trom cream by churning. Suf- 
 folk being a rich foil, it is famous fdr very 
 good butter. 
 
 To BUTTER, V. A. to fpread, or pour 
 butter Upon any thi.lg. 
 
 BU'TTER. BUR, in Botany, the petd- 
 fites. This gentjs is ranged by Linnasus in the 
 2d fe£lion of his ig'h cUi's. 
 
 BU'TTER-FLOWER, S. in Botany, a 
 yellow fiower, with which the fields are co- 
 vered in May. 
 
 BUTTER -FLY, S. [butter-fe^e, Sax, but- 
 ter fiege, Teut. beter-vitlge, Belg,] in Natu- 
 ral Hillory, a beautiful inl'ed, produced from 
 an egg, ernca-worm, cate/pillar, and nymph, 
 or aurelia. The wonders of the different 
 ftages before itfrrives to its maturity, and the 
 profufion of fplendor which appears in itt 
 ftrufturc, when arrived to the butter fly ftate, 
 would require too much room to expatiate oil 
 here. 
 
 BU'TTERISS, S. inF;irr;ery, an inflru- 
 
 ment of fteel, fet in a wooden handle, ufed in 
 
 l^ 4 pariot
 
 BUY. 
 
 pariog the foot, or cutting the hoof of a horfe. 
 BUTTER-MILK, S. the whey feparated 
 from the cream in making butter. 
 
 BUTTER PRINT, S. a piece of carved 
 w:iO(1, ufrd to mark butter, 
 
 BU'T FER-WORT, S. [from butter and 
 •wort, of luytt, Sjx. a plant] in Botany, a 
 plant called likewife lhe/i?n?f/*. 
 
 BU'TTERY, Adj. having the appearance 
 or qiulitics of butter. 
 
 BU'rTERY,S.[from/)Hȣr] a room where 
 buiier or oilier provifious are kept. 
 
 DU'TTOCK., S. ffuppofed by Skinner to 
 fee deiived from bout var been, Belg. the bolt 
 o! the bones ; or from bout, Fr. the extremity J 
 the broad, thick, flefhy part of a man,ot hcaft, 
 joining to the hip. The buttock of a fhip is 
 her full breadth right a-ftern. 
 
 BL'/fTON, S. [butiiun, Brit, bcut'.n, Fr. 
 hottor.e, ital.j a fniall flattilh round ball made 
 of metal, or wood covered with filk or hair, 
 fewed to the cloaths to t'aften any part of drefs 
 together. Figuratively, a knobor ball. In Bo 
 tiny, the round head o^ a plant ; a bud. In 
 Carpentry, a piece of wood moving upon a 
 r'il or fcrew ufed to keep a door dofe. In 
 Sniithery, a brafs knob of a lock ferving to 
 open or (hut a doo'-. In Natural Hiftory, the 
 ka-urchin, a kind of crab-fifh, with prickles 
 inftcad of feet. 
 
 To BU'TTON, V. A. to few buttons on 
 a garment ; to clofe or fallen the parts of a 
 garment together with buttons. Figur.:tively, 
 to indole. " Whofe heart is button d up with 
 fted." Shake^p. 
 
 BUTTON HOLE, S. the hole made in a 
 garment to receive and faflen tke button in. 
 
 BU'TTRESS, S. [from abcuter, Fr.] in 
 Architedlure, a kind of butment ferving to 
 prop or fuppori the fides of a building, or wall. 
 Figuratively, a prop, or fupport of any opinion 
 or caufe. 
 
 To BU'TTRESS, V. A. to prop, fupport, 
 or fecure from falling. 
 
 EU'XOM, Adj. [bocjum, Sax. from bugan, 
 Sax. to bend] obedient ; tradable. Figura- 
 tively, void of rtfittance, yielding or giving 
 way. "He with broad fails — winnow'd the 
 kuxtm air." Far. Loft. Gay, lively, brifk, 
 wanton, jolly. 
 
 BU'XOMLY, Adv. [from buxom and /y] 
 of lice, Sax. implying manner] in a wanton, 
 lively, gay, or amorous manner, 
 
 BU'XOM^ESS, S, wanton, gay, or amo- 
 rous. 
 
 To BUY, V, A. [pronounced by, from 
 Hegian, Sax. part. bokte\ to purchafe a thing 
 by money, or the exchange of any other com- 
 modity. Figuratively, to exchange one thing 
 for another. " PKafure and praife, with dan- 
 ger they would iwy." Denne. To bribe, or 
 CL-rrupt by biibery. " DilFuade, or bt.y ofi' 
 confcience." i^ouih. 
 
 BUYER, S. [from buy and er"] he that 
 put chafes a thing with money, d^c. 
 
 B Y P 
 
 To BUZZ, V. N. [ijxxw, Teut. togrowlj 
 to hum, or make a noife like bees, flies or 
 wafps. 
 
 To BUZZ, V. A. to whifper, Ufed with 
 abroad, to divulge, publifh, or fpread a report 
 or rumour, 
 
 BUZZ, S. the humming found of bees; a 
 whifper, or talk. 
 
 BU'ZZARD, S. \bufard, or h,fe, Fr. 
 hujhard, or buferf, Teut. buxKago, Ital.] a 
 degenerate kinj of hawk. Figuratively, a per- 
 fon of mean parts; a blockhead, or dunce. 
 
 BU'ZZER, S. a fecret whifperer, or one 
 who endeavours by falfe rumours to alienate 
 the affections of another. 
 
 BY, Prep, [big, Sax. bi, Sax. and Goth. 
 ba, Perf. bey, Teut. by, B«lg.] after words 
 fignifying action, i: implies the agent, caufe, 
 means, manner, and is ufed after verbs neu'er, 
 for the irvftrument. After quantity it exprefTea 
 the proportion. At the end of a fentence, it 
 implies imitation, or confortnuy. '' A model to 
 build others by" Arhuth. After an adjeftive 
 of the comparative degree, it denotes the 
 difference, " Shorter i_y the head." Applied 
 to place or fituation, it denotes wfa'-nf/i. Joined 
 to the pronouns himjVf, herfelf, &c. it figni- 
 fies the exchifion or abfence of all others. 
 After keep, it fignifits plJJ'eJJion, or ready for 
 ule. " He kept fome of the fpirit by him.." 
 Boyle. In forms of fwearing, it .'ignifies a 
 particularizing, or fpecifying the objeft. 
 Uled adverbially, it fignifies near, or at ifmall 
 diftance, applied to place. Poffir.g, applied to 
 motion; and prejence when ufed with be. " I 
 will not be by," Shakefp. By and by, fignifies 
 a niort time, or fliortly, Ufed fubftantively, 
 for fomething which is not the direft or im- 
 mediate objeft of a»perfon's regard ; generally 
 ufed with the prepofition by, " By the iy." 
 Dryd. This word is commonly wrote bye, 
 and as it diftinguifhes it from the prepofition, 
 (hould be generally adopted for the fake (A 
 perfpicuity. 
 
 BY, or BYE, in Compofition, implies 
 fomething out of the dire£t way, as by-road^ 
 fomething irregular, private, or felfi(h, as by- 
 end; fomething private, oppofed to that which 
 is by public authority, as a by latv, 
 
 BY-END, S. private, or felf-intcreft, op- 
 pofed to public fpirit, and conveying an idea 
 of reproach, 
 
 BY'GONE, Adj. part, peculiar to the 
 Scotch. " The ^^'^oreday." Shakejp. 
 
 BY-LAW, S. a law made by corporations 
 or court-leets for the better goverrment of ci- 
 ties, (^c. in cafes which are not provided for 
 by the public laws, but no ways oppofite or 
 contrary to them. 
 
 BY-MA^TTER, S. fomething which la 
 accidental, and has no conneifion with the 
 main fubjeifl. 
 
 BY-PAST, Adj. part, peculiar to the 
 Srotch. " Three hundred years by faji." 
 Cheyiie, 
 
 Wi' PATH,
 
 CAB 
 
 BY'- PATH, S. a private path, oppofed to 
 a public path. ■* 
 
 BY'-ROAD, S. an unfrequented road. 
 
 BY''. WAY, S. a private and obfcure way. 
 
 BY'. WORD, S. [bi-ivord, Sax..] a faying, 
 proverb, or term of reproach. 
 
 BY'ZANTINE, S. [from Byxanthm] a 
 wedge or bar of gold, valued at 15/. which 
 the king offers on receiving the facrament on 
 Chriftmas-day ; and is.called likevvife a byxant, 
 from a piece of gold coined by the emperors of 
 Byzantium or Confbantinople. 
 
 CThe third Utter, fuppofed by fome to 
 1^ have been borrowed from the He- 
 •' brew ^ inverted thus ^, or from 
 the Grecian x. j but as both our language and 
 aiphabet feem entirely to be formed on the 
 plan of the Anglo-Saxon, we may be allowed 
 to aflert that it is borrowed from thet, wh ch 
 is the third letter of their alphabet as well as 
 ours, has the fame found, and in their fmall 
 characters was written in the fame form, as 
 It is at prefent by ourfelves. It is founded by 
 preffmg the breath between the tongue, 
 raifed to the roof of the mouth near the 
 palate, and the lip open. Before the vowei' 
 tf, 0, u, and all conj'onauts, it is pronounced 
 hard, though fomewhat fofter than the k, as 
 in cage, cat, cut,; but before /, e, andj', it 
 has a found like the /, but fomewhat more 
 fliarp, as in ch, cell, cyder \ before an h, it 
 has a peculiar fount), between the hardnefs of 
 the k and the foftnefs of the /, as in chain, 
 cheefe; but in words derived frorrvthe French, 
 it is founded like an/, before h, as in chatje, 
 chicane, which are pronounced jhalfe, fn'icar.e. 
 It has been cuftomary to add a k to it, when 
 it comes at the end of words, as in lo^ick ; 
 but moderns feem now to have dropped it as 
 ufelefs, writing /o^!>, critic, tnujlc, &c. which 
 is certainly to be commended, not only as be- 
 ing more .igreeabie to rhe etymology of word> 
 derived from the Lruin, but likewife con- 
 firmed by the practice of the Anglo-Sax 
 ons, from whom we have borrowed the bsll 
 part of our language. Ufed as a figure, ii 
 l>and« for 100, and when double CC, aoo 
 When placed before a name, it (ignifies Caius, 
 Co-Jar, Sec, Wi'h Roman Lawyers, it f)[;nified 
 to condmt/!, from condemno. See A. V/hen 
 double, it fignified con uU. In Commerce, it 
 is ufed by merchants to mark their books. In 
 Mufic, it denotes the higheft part of a thou- 
 rough bafs. 
 
 C.VBAL, S. See CABALA. 
 CA'BaL, S. \cabaler, Fr.] a body of men 
 united in fome defign to dillurb or change the 
 adminiflration of a Ihte, diftinguiflied from 
 f'Orty, in the fame degree as _/:to from wary. 
 i''it;uratively, an intrigue or plot to iiUcodutc 
 a (.hange in an admiaiftratiun. 
 
 CAB 
 
 To CA'BAL, V. N. [cahLr, Fr.] to form 
 plots.. 
 
 CA'BALA, S. fChalJ. to receive by tra- 
 dition from father to fonj any fentiment, opi- 
 nion, ufjge, or explication of fcriptur', tranf- 
 mitted from father to fun. The word Cabala 
 is alfo applied to the abuTe of fome text of 
 fcripture, whereby vifionaries pretend to dif- 
 cover future events from the combinations of 
 v.ords, letters, and numbers in the facred 
 writings. 
 
 CA'BALIST, S. a fed among the Jews 
 who interpi-et fcripture. The Jews are di- 
 vided into Karaites, and the R:tbbinifts or 
 Talmudifts. Thele are again fub-divided into 
 pure Rabbinifts, and the Cabalifls, who pre- 
 tend to difcover hidden, myftical (enl'es, and 
 mjke ufe of the Cabala, and its rules of in- 
 terpretation. 
 
 CABALl'STIC, or CABALISTICAL, 
 Adj. fomething relating to the Csbalifts ; 
 fomething myftical. 
 
 CABA'LLER, S. [from cabal sni er] one. 
 who enters into plots and intrigues to dil'urb 
 and change the adminiftration of any govern- 
 ment. 
 
 CA'BBAGE, S. [chou, or chou cabus, Fr. 
 cabaccio, Ital. kabuys, Belg.] in Botany, the 
 hraftca, a kitchen plant with large flcliy and 
 glaucus coloured leaves. Linnaeus ranges it ia 
 the fecond feft, of his 15th clafs, joining 
 the turnep, navew, and rocket to it ; and its 
 fpecies are eight j. the varieties of the firft 
 being eleven, and ihofe ot the third lort two. 
 It is likewife a cant word among taylors for 
 remnans of cloth which are not returned to 
 their cufiomers. 
 
 To CA'DBAGE, V. A. to defraud a per- 
 fon of part of his cloth. 
 
 CA''BIN, S. \caban QX chahin,'?>'.\t. cabane, 
 Fr. ca^anna, Spnn. c-iganna, Ital. a little flraw 
 hutj a liitle hut or cottage. On board a fhip, 
 fmall apartments, of diH-'erent dimeafions for 
 the officers to lie in. 
 
 To CA'BIN, V. N. to live in a cabin. Fi- 
 guratively, to live or lie in any narrow or 
 imall places. "And cabin in a cave." Shak. 
 
 CA'BINED, Adj. belonging to a cabin. 
 Figuratively, narrow, or bflonging tj a bed- 
 chamber. " From her faiiw\.'lu. p-hole peep." 
 M'.lt. ' 
 
 OA/BINET, S. {cabinet, Fr. cabinctio, 
 Ital,] among Joineis, a kind of prefs or chert 
 with fev ral doors and drawers for prelerving 
 <uriofiiies, or keeping deaths. Figuratively, 
 a room in which private confuliations ate 
 held. Hence z cabinet council, is that which 
 is held with great privacy, and wherein the 
 mofl important articles, which concern a ilate, 
 are determined. 
 
 CA'SINET MAKER, S. one who makes 
 cabinets, cherts of drawers, and other wooder» 
 furniture tor chambers, or dining-zooms. 
 
 CABLE, S. [call, Brit, cable, Fr. cahel, 
 Belg J a thitk, large, llrong, three-nrand 
 N 3 rope.
 
 GAD 
 
 rope, from three to twenty inches In ilame^cr, 
 fiflen-rd to an anchor to holrf the fliip when 
 {he rides. When two pieces ot cable are fpliced 
 tog.-iher, it is called ajhot of the ca'lt. 
 
 CA'CLED, Adj. belonging tOjOrrefc.Tibling 
 cables. Cab/ei f.ufes, in Architeflure, are 
 thofe •which are filled up wiih pieces in the 
 form of a cable. In Heraldry, a cahled crefi. 
 is that which is formed of the two ends ot a 
 /liip's cable. 
 
 CA'BOCHFD, Adj. in Heraldry, th;: 
 head of a bf-aft cut off behind the ears by a 
 ftftion parallel to the face. 
 
 CA'BURNS, S. fmall ropes ufed in a ihip. 
 
 To CACK, V.N. [cacare, Lit. lick, Bel^;. 
 a draining for want of breath] to unload the 
 body by ftool. 
 
 CA'CKLE, S. the noife made by a goofeor 
 fowl. 
 
 To CA'CKL", V. N. \kaeckehn, Belg. 
 caccherare. or c^efka'are, Ital.] to make a nolle 
 like a goofe ; ipplied l.'kcwife to that of a hen. 
 Fiei r.'t velv, to laugh h -artilv. 
 
 C -'CKLER, S. [fiom 'cackU and er] a 
 fowl that cackles Figuratively, a perfon wlio 
 (divulges a fecret ; a tell tale; a tatler. 
 
 CA'COCHVMY, S. ffrom .naze;, bad, and 
 yt/ucj, Gr. juiccj i.i Medicine, a vicious or 
 Corrupt f'aie of the vital humours. 
 
 CA'COTHONV, S. [Gr. from JtaKo;, Gr. 
 bart, and <fa\y:. the voice] in Grammar and 
 Rhetoric, tnc meeting together of letter?, 
 fyilablef, or wor-is, v;hich form a harfh znA 
 difagteeible found. 
 
 CADA'VEROUS, Adj. feada-jer, Lat. a 
 dead body, corpfe, or carcafe] haying the ap- 
 peirance or qualities of a dead body. . 
 
 CA'DDIS, S. a kind of tape or ribbon. In 
 Katuril Killory, a kind of worm or grub 
 found in a cafe of llraw, derived from cctJJi, 
 Jiax. a bsg. 
 
 CADE, Adj. fcft, tender, tame, delicate. 
 In Huilandty, a cd.-', lamb, it one that is 
 bred in a houfe; a houfe lamb. Hence /^ 
 csJe, the verb, to bring up tenderly. 
 
 CaDE, S. [cad'us, Lat.] a tag, cafk, or 
 barrel. A cade of herrings, is a vefTtl contain- 
 ing 500, and a caJi of fprats, 1000. 
 
 CA'DENCE, S. [caderce, Fr. of cadens, 
 Lat,] a fall, decline, or defcent. " Now 
 was the fun in wef^ern caderce low." Pa-. 
 i?,'?. In Mufit, cadmceis a certain reft either 
 at the end of a fong, orof fume of its part:, 
 into which It is divided, as into members or 
 periods. Cadttce in Dancing, is when the 
 feveral fttps and motions folhw or anfwer the 
 different notes or mea.'iire of the mufic. 
 
 CADE'T, S. [Fr.] the youn(;cr brother oi 
 a family ; a volunteer in an army, who fcivc^ 
 in expectation of a conimiffion. 
 
 CA'DEW, or CADEWORM, S. [ot 
 tadui, Lat. a carte] in Natural Hiftoiy, a kind 
 of worms, which in time chanje into butter- 
 flies. 
 
 CA'DMIA; S, a rtcremc.it of copper ore 
 
 C A L 
 
 produced in furnaces, when th^t metal W Se- 
 parated from its ore. 
 
 CADU'CpUS, S. [Lat.] a fcepteror wand, 
 entwined with two lerpents, borne by Mer- 
 cury, as the enfign of his ofiice, 
 
 C/E'CUM, S. [Lat. hid, or, blind] in 
 .■\natoniy, one of the three portions of the 
 laiger inttftines. 
 
 C^/STUS, $. [Lat. from cedt, Lat. to 
 beat] a large gauntlet made of raw hides, ufed 
 in combais am^ng the ancients ; they were 
 ftuJded with nails, or flrengthentrd with lead 
 or plates of iron, and furrounded the hands, 
 wrift, and arm, to guard them from blows, 
 and prevent their being broken or diflccated. 
 C^SU'RA, S. [Lat.] in Poetry, a figure 
 whereby a fhort fyllablc at the end of a veife 
 i: accounted long. 
 
 • CA'FTAN, S. [Perf.] a Perfian veft or 
 garment. 
 
 CAGI>, S. {^age, Fr. g'':gg'>h I al.] an in- 
 clofure of twigs or wire, in which birds are 
 kept ; a place for wild beads, inclof^d wi;h 
 pallifadces; a prifon lor ptople guilty of petty 
 crimes. 
 
 To CAGE, V. A. to inclofe or confine in 
 a cage. 
 
 To CA'JOLE, [caioler, Fr. gazxo'are, 
 Ital.] 10 flatter, footh, or coax, including the 
 tdea of dilTimulation. 
 
 CA'JOLER, S. [from (ajok and «r] s flat- 
 terer or wh-edler. 
 
 CAISON, S. [Fr.] a cheft of bo.mbs or 
 powder, laid in an enemy's way, to be fired 
 on his approach. 
 
 CAITIFF, S. \ch(t]f, Fr. catti-vr, Ttah a 
 /lave] a crln-.inal v ho is guilty of meannefs j 
 a delpicable contemptible villain. 
 
 CAKE, S. \caccen, Biic. kuc^., Teut. loeck, 
 Belg.] a rich kmd of baked bread, generally 
 thin and round. Figuratively, anything com- 
 pol'ed of flour and baked, made in a thin or 
 flat;;ih furm. 
 
 To CAKE, V. A. to harden like dough in 
 the oven. 
 
 CALABASH TREE, S. in Botany, a 
 large tree growing from twrnty-thrce to thirty 
 feet high. Ti.e fhells of the fruit are ufed by 
 the ni groes for cuds. 
 
 CALAMA'NCO, a kind of wcollen rtufi; 
 with a glofly furface. 
 
 CA'LAMINE, S. [Iap'<s ealan-Araris, Lat.] 
 a hard heavy mineral fubftance, a^/pearing of 
 a ftony nature, but a lax aod cavernous ftruc- 
 ture, generally found in loofe mifl'rs, from 
 the fize of a walnut to tho'^e of thiee poundi 
 and upwards. 
 
 CA'LAM:NT, S. {cjlamimha, Lat.] I'ti 
 Botany, a fpecies of the r>:--lij/j or ^aurr, which 
 glows natur.Oly in the mountains oj Tuf- 
 cany. 
 
 CALA'MITOUS, Adj. {culair.ifcfus, Lat. 
 involved in misio-tune^; wrrtcheit 5 unfor- 
 tunate j unhappy, opprefled with mil'ery, ap- 
 plied Co pcifoos^ Fatal, noxiou;, uniAhole- 
 4 fome,
 
 C A L 
 
 fome, or produftive of mifery, or diflrefs, 
 applied to things. 
 
 CALA'MITY, S. [calamitas, Lat. derived, 
 according to Bacon, ftom calamus, a reed, or 
 ftalk, that is, when the corn could not get out 
 of the ftalk] a ftate of indigence, diflrefs, mi- 
 fery, or wretchednefs, which deferves pity, 
 and demands relief. 
 
 CA'LAMUS, S. [Lat. a reed] in Botany, 
 a reed, or fweet-fcented wood. 
 
 CALA'SH, S. [cakebe, Fr.] a light four- 
 wheeled, uncovered carriage, drove by the tra- 
 veller himfelf. 
 
 CALCEDO'NIUS, S. [Lat.] a precious 
 ftone of the agate kind. 
 
 CALCINA'TION, S. [calcination, Fr.] 
 the renoering a body reducible to powder by 
 means of fire, 
 
 CALCINA'TORY, S. a velTel ufed in 
 calcining. 
 
 To CALCINE, V. A. [caldner, Fr. from 
 calx, Lat, lime] to make a thing eafily pow- 
 dered by means of fire ; to burn in the fire to 
 a fubftancei which a fmall force will crumble ; 
 to reduce to afhes ; to burn to a cinder. Fi- 
 guratively, to confume or deftioy, 
 
 CALCO'GRAPHY, S. [from xa\Ko;, 
 brafs, and y^a^cc, Gr. to write] the art of 
 enfsraving on brafs or copper-plates. 
 
 To CA'LCULATE, V. A. lca!culcr, Fr. 
 from calculus, Lat. a little ftone or bead ufed 
 in arithmetical computations] to find out the 
 value or amount of any thing by arithmetic ; 
 to compute or find thefituationof thCpUnets 5 
 to contrive or adapt to a certain end. 
 
 CA'LCULATION, S. an operation in a- 
 rithmetic. Figuratively, a deduiftion of rea- 
 fon ; the refult of an arithmetical operation. 
 
 CALCULATOR, S. one who computes, 
 or calculates. 
 
 CA'CULATORY, Adj. belonging to cal- 
 culation or computation. 
 
 CALCULO'SE, or CALCULOUS, Adj. 
 ftony, gritty ; having the ftone or gravel. 
 
 CA'LCULUS, S, [Lat,] in Medicine, the 
 ftone in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. 
 Calculus I'lteralis, is the fame as algebra, fo 
 called, becaufe letters are ufed in its opera- 
 tions, inftead of figures. 
 
 CA'LDRON, or CAULDRON, S. [pro- 
 nounced cauldron, from chaudron, Fr. of call- 
 dus, Lat. hot] a large veiTel to heat water, or 
 drefs vifluals in ; a pot. 
 
 CALEFA'CTORY, S. that which heats, 
 or has the power of healing. 
 
 To CA'LEFy, V. N. [calefio, Lat,] to 
 grow hot ; to be heated. 
 
 CA'LENDAR, S. [cakndanum, Lat. fo 
 called from the Romans writing calinda in 
 large charaflers, at the beginning of every 
 month] a table containing the days, months, 
 feftivals, (Sfc. happening in the year. The 
 Roman calendar, from which ours is borrowed, 
 was compofed by Romulus, who made the 
 year confiftof no more than 364 days j Numa 
 
 C A L 
 
 Pompillus correfted his error, by making it 
 confift of twelve lunar months of thirty and 
 twenty-nine days alternately, which made 
 3';4 days 5 but being fond of an odd number, 
 he added one day more, which made it 355 
 days ; and that the civil year might equal 
 the fun's motion, he added a month every 
 fecond year. Julius Csfar, as a farther im- 
 provement, made the year confift of 365 days, 
 and left the fix hours to form a day, at the 
 end of every fourth year, which was added to 
 the month of February. This calendar waj 
 called the Julian, or the old ftile, in oppofi- 
 tion to the new ftile introduced by Gregory 
 Xlll. who finding the Julian gone too for- 
 ward, cut ofFten days from the calendar ; and, 
 to remedy this defeft for the future, left out 
 one biffextile day every 100 years, making 
 every fourth hundred a leap year. By aft of 
 parliament, to remedy the inconveniencies a- 
 rifing from the differences of ftyle, this king- 
 dom adopted the Gregorian, or new ftyl?, by 
 leaving out eleven days of the month oi Sep- 
 tember in the year 1752. Cahndar, is like- 
 wife the name of a machine, or hot-prefs, made 
 ufe of to prefs, fniooth, or water manufac- 
 tures of filk, wool, or linen. In Natural 
 Hiftory, the word is applied to an infeft, 
 which preys on corn, leaving nothing but 
 the hu/ks, and giving the flour made of it a 
 very bad tafle. 
 
 To CA'LENDER, V. A. to fmooth, wa- 
 ter, or drefs any manufacture in a hoi-preft, 
 or calendar. 
 
 CA'LENDARED, Adj. applied to corn 
 devoured bv the calendar, an infeft. 
 
 CA'LENDERER, S. [from calender and 
 er'] one who preffes, fmooths, or watem ma« 
 nufattures in a hot-prefis or calendar. 
 
 CA'LENDS, S, [it has no finguUr, from 
 calendte, Lat, j the fitft day of the month &- 
 mong tjie Romans : they were reckoned back- 
 wards thus, the firft day of February was cal- 
 led the calends of February, the thirty-firft of 
 January the fecondof the calends of February, 
 and fo on to the 13th, when the ides com- 
 menced. 
 
 CA'LENTURE, S. [caleo, Lat.] in Medi- 
 cine, an inflammatory fever, frequent at fea, 
 
 CALF, S. [in the plural, calws, [calf. 
 Sax. kalf, Btlg. kalb, Teut.] the young of a 
 cow. Figuratively, a facrifice, or fomething 
 fubftituted inftead of a facrifice, *' So will 
 we render the cahcs of our lips." Hojtaxw. 1. 
 The fwclling fle/liy part of a man's leg. Per- 
 haps derived from cal, Cimb. handfome. 
 
 CA-'LIBER, [calibre, Fr.] the extent or 
 diameter of any round thing j an inftrument 
 ufed by carpenters. Among the Gun-fmiths, 
 ivootlen calibers are models by which they cut 
 the ftocks whereon they mount their gunj, 
 piftols, &c. Steel calibers, are ioftruments 
 with wh'ch they turn and file their fcrews. 
 In Gunnery, the diameter of the mouth or 
 bore of a piece of cannon, er of the ball it 
 N 4 cariiet.
 
 C A L 
 
 earric5. C:il'ther comfafjes, a pair of compafTjrs, 
 with ths legs bent inwaidj, turnifhed with a 
 long, which moves on a rivet on one of its 
 leg?, and is ufed to take iht dimenfions of the 
 lore of a cannon, together with the fize aad 
 weight of tile ball it c^n carry. 
 
 CA/LICE, or CHALICE, S. [calix, Lat.] 
 a cup ; appropriated to the cups or veilcls 
 which the communicants drink out of at the 
 Lord's fupper. 
 
 Crt'LICOjS. [UomCaku!, in India] a kind 
 of linen manufaflure imported by the Eaft- 
 Indii company. 
 
 CA'LIF, or CALIPH. S. [Lhalifab, Arab, 
 a fuccefforj a title ft: ft alfumed by Abubeker, 
 the fuccefror of Mah .met, caiiing hlmielf khj- 
 If Jib rtjj'aul A'L, tl.e fucceli" r of tiie meiicn- 
 ger of <V>d, and Icrne by ihofe which luc 
 ceed?d him, 
 
 CAL!GA;'T10N, S. [from callgo, Lat. to 
 be dark] a want ol light j darknefj ; cimncfs, 
 pi figlu. 
 
 CA'LICRAPHY, S. [xaXiy^-^titt, Gr. 
 from axXc;, fair, and j-j^^y, writing] a neai 
 and hiindfjme hind, ap'.lied Id writing ; beau- 
 tiful writing. 
 
 CA'LIX, S. [F.at. a cup] in Botany, the 
 outward gteenidi coyer «4iich encompalFes the 
 petal;- and other part-; of a fiow^'r. 
 
 To_CALK,V. A.'[(aL:gs, Fr, hemp, which 
 is mad; ufe of to (lop kakr, ; cr from (•«■'«, Sax. 
 a flip or keel j to flop the fcams Or o'her leaks 
 pf 3 iliip with oak-om cr tow, or fpun yarn, 
 to keep the waRr out. 
 
 CA'LKLR, S. [from ca!i ifvi :r'] the per- 
 ibn who iloDS the leaks ot a fhip. 
 
 CAULKING, S. flopping the leakspr feams 
 of a ihip vvith oakum or tow, which is after- 
 wards covered wih a mixture of tallovv, pitch, 
 and tar, zs low as k draws water. 
 
 To Call, v. a. [pronounrcJ cnu], from 
 iurun, Beig. ;'.4M4J, Gr.j to name ; to fpe«k 
 to a perfon, or give notice to hin) by mentjjji- 
 jng liis name, ringing a bell,, or other figna!, 
 to come towards the perfo.i calhng, or to be 
 prcfent at a particular pl-ce. Ufcd wi:h en and 
 ;jf>e/t, to vifiror go to a perfon's hoiife. In Di- 
 vinity, to receive a miflinri from God ; anti 
 V'fed ".vi;h uf^n, lo implore j to pray lo in di- 
 ftrefs, with confidence of afiiftance. '^ Ca!i 
 upon ms in the day of diHrefs." FfaL ii. 15. 
 7c caH ~arr-Ci, to abufe a perfon by fome re- 
 proachful term or word. To call ;jj, applied to 
 money, to col!e<ft or demand a fum lent; 
 Joined with out, to cballenee, provoke, or 
 excite to combat, or dinger, in Law, joinsa 
 >vith the particle tc, to be admitted as a bar- 
 fifler or counfellor. " CaUal to the tar." 
 
 Gall, S. an addrefs by woid of mouth. 
 Figuratively, a miiTion from Cod. In Law, 
 a nomination, or adrnifiion. .Uled with upon 
 a claim or dcrrand. " A perpetual ca// «/tc« 
 humanity." ."•■^r^7. No 181. Ji'uhir. cali,noi 
 f.'r ottj within hearing. An ir.ftrument imi- 
 tating the nctss of birds, and ufed by b;t<J- 
 
 C A L 
 
 catchers to bring them into their traps, 
 
 CA'LLlNG,S.the bufinefs or trade a perfon 
 profefl'cs ; flation, employment, or proft-flion, 
 C.A'LLIPERS, S. See CA'LIBER, of 
 which this is a corruption. 
 
 CALLO'SITY, S. [callofite', Fr. from taU 
 lus, Lst.J in Anatomy, a hardncfs of the Ikin, 
 owing to hard labour, or frequent rubbings, 
 whereby it becomes infenfible. 
 
 CA'LLOUS, Adj. grown hard, fwelling, 
 and infenfible. Applied to the mind or con- 
 f.ifnce, not to be moved by threats or pmmifes. 
 
 C./LLOUSNESS, S. [from callous and 
 m'js] infcnfibility of the body, wherein the fkira 
 glows iiiio knob«, and lofes all fenfation ; the 
 h irdnefs of the juices which knit together the 
 .extremities of a broken bone. Figuratively, 
 Inlciifibility, applied to the mind* 
 
 CA'LLOVV, Adj. unfledged j without fea- 
 thers, 
 
 CA'LLUS, S. [Lat.] See CALLOSITY, 
 
 CALM, Adj. [kalmii Belg. calme, Fr. cal- 
 tr.a. Span.] undifluibed by teinpeils, or violent 
 winds, applied to the fea and elements. Un- 
 difliirbed by boifteroiis paflions, applied to the 
 niind. Subftantivtly, ufed for a trccdom from 
 tempers or wind at fea. 
 
 To CALM, V". A. to put an end to a tem- 
 peft. Figuratively, lo footh Or pacify j to ap- 
 pcafe. 
 
 CA'LMER, S. [Uom calm snA er, o^ laar. 
 Sax. a manj the perfon or thing which reduces 
 from a ftate of turbi'lence and violence to one 
 of ijuietnefs, reft, and ferenity. 
 
 CA'LMLV, Adv. [from calm and /y] free 
 from violence, futioulr.efs, or tempelluous com- 
 motion. Figuratiyelv, in a ferene, cool manner, 
 
 CA'LMNESS, S. [from cslm and >iejs] a 
 (late of quiet free from the difturbance ot vio- 
 lent winds. Figuratively, a (late of cool and 
 (edate tranquillity ; niildnefs. 
 
 CA'LOjMEL, S. [xaXof and lOtEXaj, Gr.] 
 in Chnnil^ry, a name given to mercury, fub- 
 lii.iated a fourth time, or upwards, which 
 m <kes it more gentle in its operation, and fits 
 it to a61 as an alterative. 
 
 CALORl'f IC. Adj. {cakrijieui, Lat.] that 
 which hjs ihe power of heating. 
 
 CALOTTE, S. [Fr.] a cap or coif of 
 hair, Wbrnfitll by cardinal Richiieu. A red 
 calotte is become the badge of a cardin-il. la 
 Archiieiflure, a round cavity or deprelTurc. 
 
 CALO'YERS, S. [xaXoysjoi, Gr.] monk? 
 of the Greek church, who live a very retired 
 a«d aufttre life, eat no flelh, keep four Lents, 
 and never brealc their farts till they have earn- 
 ed th^t meal by their labour, 
 
 CA'LTROPS, S, [cc':rapi-e, Six.] an in- 
 ftrument with four iron fpikes,dii'pofed in fuel} 
 a manner, that one of them wiil always be 
 upright, and three ot them in the ground. 
 They are ufed to annoy, tmbarrafs, and wound 
 the horfe's feet of the cavalry. In Botany, 4 
 plant fo called from its rei'embling the in- 
 tltruoient juft ^efcrJbed, and being very 
 ^ uouclefoine
 
 CAM 
 
 froublefome to cattle by pricking their feet. 
 
 To CALVE, V. A.' to bring forth a elf. 
 
 To CALU'MNIATE, V. N. [ho-r^ calum- 
 Kior, Lit.] to accufc falfely ; to flander. 
 
 CALU'MNIATION, S. [from (alum niate] 
 a falfe reprefentation of .a perfon's words and 
 aflions, in order to render his character fu- 
 fpefted. 
 
 CALUMNIA'TOR, S. [Lat.] one who 
 flanders another, to ruio his reputation. 
 
 CALU'MNJOUS, Adj. flanderous; falfely 
 accufin^. 
 
 CA'LUMNY, S. [ci'lumnia, L^t.] the 
 falfely accufing of a perlor) with crime?, or 
 mifreprefenting his words and aflions^ in order 
 to make his charadler fufpicious. 
 
 CALX, S. [Lat.] lime, or a fort of ftone 
 burnt in a kih in order to make mortar. In 
 Chemiftry, a kind of aflies. 
 
 CAMAI'fiUS, [ci'machuia, Ital.] a parti- 
 cular kind of onyx, which can bf; engraved 
 either in relievo, or creux; a kind of onyx, on 
 which are reprefented hndflcips, &€. 
 
 CA/MBAVES, S. cottons made at Ben- 
 gal, and imported by the Eaft India company. 
 
 CA'MBRICK, S. [toilde Cambray, Fr.] a 
 fpecies of linen made of fl^x, very fine and 
 ■white, at firft manufadlured at Cambray. 
 
 CA'MBRIDGE, S. [in Latin Cantaingh] 
 the capital of the county of the fame name. 
 It ftands in a fpacinus, delightful and fertile 
 plain on the river Cam, by which it is divided 
 into two equcil parts : it is a pretty large 
 place ; but moft of its ftreets are narrow, and 
 many of the houfes much out of repair j fo 
 that, were it not for the colleges, for v. hich it 
 is famous, and other public edifices, it would 
 make no ftriking appearance. The town is 
 governed by a mayor and aldermen. The uni- 
 verfity haS a chancellor, an honorary title, 
 now in the Duke of Grafton, under whom is 
 a commifiary, who holds a court of record ; a 
 high ftewurd ; a vice-chancellor, who is in- 
 dependent of the chancellor, and has the ex- 
 ercile of the government in the univerfity ; 
 under him are two proftors, and two taxer? 
 for weights and meafures ; a regifterj bifides 
 four be.idles; a librsnan. To the univer- 
 sity belong fixteen colleges, halls, or houfcS, 
 with the fame numijer of heads or maftcrs, 
 4c6 fellowOiips, aflded to the ir.aftcrs, and, 
 in conjunction with them, have the overfight 
 pf the rtudents, 662 fcholarfhips, and 236 
 exhibitions. The number of all thtfe, together 
 with the other ftudcnts, has been about 1500 
 for fome years paft. All the colleges, two 
 only excepted, lie round the ikirts of the town, 
 have a beauiitul profpccl into the fiehis, a pure- 
 air, and fine gardens. The fenate-hoiife lies 
 in the middle of the town, a new and hand- 
 fome building. Near it are the pubic halls, 
 the conliftory or vice-chanCcllor'scourt-houfe, 
 and thr: caoinet of natural curiofitie*, which 
 were cnllected by Dr. John Woodward. The 
 univerfity library is over the hallr, containing 
 f bout 44^009 books j it was grealy aug.nientr 
 
 CAM 
 
 ed by King George I. with the library of Dr, 
 John Mo.e, bifli .p of Ely, whxh confided 
 of thirty thoufand volumes, and coft his ma- 
 jerty 6000 guineas, tfc. in acknowledgment 
 of which, and other favours, the fenate decreed 
 a ftatue to be ereaed to him, which Charles 
 lord Townfliend caufid to be made of marble 
 at his own expence ; and his fon Charles 
 finilhed it. The unlverfity, as well as the 
 town, fend each two members to parliament. 
 Contiguous to the town-hall is a new fliirc- 
 houfe of brick and ftone. The weekly market 
 at Cambridge is on Saturday, and an annua! 
 fair on June 24, for horfes, wood, and earth- 
 en ware j it holds a week} befides, the great- 
 eft in England is near it at Stourbridge, which 
 fee. Here are fourteen parifh churLhes and 
 6000 inhabitants. It les 50 miles N. of 
 London, and fixty N. of Oxford. 
 
 CAME, the preter of the vsrb Come. 
 
 CA/MEL, S. [a-melus, Lat.] in Natural 
 Hiftory, a large four-footed snimil, of which 
 there are feveral fpecies : one foit being large, 
 is able to carry burdens of a thoufand pounds 
 weight, having one bunch on its back i aji- 
 other fort has two bunches, like a naturjl fad- 
 die, anji are ufed either for carrying burdens, 
 or to ride on ; they have large fulid feet, but 
 not hard ; in fpring they caii their coats, and 
 will, ids faid, continue ten or eleven days 
 without ejting or drinking. 
 
 CAME'LEON, S. in Natural Hi.Tory, a 
 little animal of the lizard kind. Its tongue is 
 half as long as itfelf, round as far as the tip, 
 which is ho' low, on that account called a 
 trunk, and ufed by it in catching flies, on 
 which it fuhfirt-s. 
 
 CA'MELOT, CAMBLET, of CAMLET, 
 S. [from camelot, Fr.] a it tiff made of goat's 
 hair, with wor)l, or (Ilk, or both. 
 
 CA'MERA Obscura, S. [Lat- a dark 
 chamber] in Optics, a fnachioe for exhibitiiig 
 'he pictures of external ofjc<fls in their proper 
 colours, by means of a convex j;hfs or fciop- 
 tric ball, either in a portable box, or a d.ir- 
 kened chnniber, 
 
 CAMERA'TED, Adj. [camcratus, Lat.] 
 arched or vaulted. 
 
 CAMERATION, S, [ca^n'rath, Lat.] a 
 vaulting or arching. 
 
 CA/MLET, .See CAMELOT; 
 
 CAMP, S. \can:p, Sax. and Fr.] the or, 
 der of tents pitched by nn army wht-n they 
 keep the field ; the place where an ?rmy refts, 
 or dwells in tents in barracks. A Jlyh:jr cair.b, 
 is a ftrong body of horfe, &c. which always 
 keep the field, and are continually in motion, 
 either to cover any place, or to ("urprifc, or fa- 
 tigue an enemy, and caufe a diverfioni 
 
 To CAMP, V. A. to fix vents, and re- 
 main in a field, applied to an army. 
 
 CAMPA'IGN, S. [pronounced campa'iit, 
 ej»:/>awe, Fr, campar.':a, Ital.J that fp.ice of 
 lime during which an army keeps the field, 
 without going into winter quaiters, 
 
 CAM-
 
 CAN 
 
 CAMPHIRE, or CAMPHOR, S. [ca- 
 ph-ur, or caf,ur, Arab, caniphsra, Lat. I in 
 Fharmacy and Natural Hiftory, a peculiar 
 kind of fubftance, being neither a rofin, vo- 
 latile fait, oil, bitumen, juice, nor gum, but 
 a mixed fubftance, white, tranfparent, dry, 
 brittle, of a ftrong and peneirating Imell, eafily 
 evaporated in the air, when heated, and when 
 in flames, not eafily exringuifhed, but burning 
 even in water and in fnow. There are two 
 lort"-, natural and fadiiious. The camphire- 
 tree is a fpecies oi the laurus, pretty large and 
 thick ; its branches are garnifhed with oval 
 fnear-fliaped leaves, when fully grown, of a 
 yello>v colour, and when broken, emit a 
 I'lrong od ur of camphire. 
 
 CA'MPHORATED, Adj. [from camphoro, 
 Lat.j iha: which has camphire mixed with 
 it. 
 
 CAN, S. [conr.e. Sax. kar.na, Its.).] a drink- 
 ing vefTcl, or a cup m<)de of woo.l i i the form 
 ef a calk or barrel. Figuratively, any drink- 
 ing veilel not made of earth. 
 
 CAN, V. N. [kcnen, Belg. ef*o*j«, Teur. 
 hand, Dan. it is lomstimes, but felcom ufe.: 
 as an abfolute verb, but conftantly joined viwh 
 another verb, as a fign of the poientiol moo.i 
 lis prefent is declined thus: lean, ttcu canji, 
 they can, "x: can. Sec. and its preter, I couid, 
 ilxju cvwcji, &c.] 10 be able 5 to have power 
 iufiicicnt to do an aflion. Though taken as 
 a fign of the potential mood ; yet it difi'-rs 
 very much from viay of metg. Sax. the pro- 
 per auxiliary of that rr.ood ; way denoting righ., 
 lawfiiliiefs, or a permiliion to do a thing j but 
 can the power or ftrength of the doer or agent, 
 Kcd with the verb aclive is applied to perfons, 
 as I tan do it j but, with the pafTive, relates 
 to things ; as it can be done. 
 
 CAN'AL, S. \car.alj'., Lat.] a place cut in 
 a garden to receive warer from a river or pipes; 
 a hollow place cut for the reception of the 
 fea; any traol of water made by art. In Ana- 
 mmy, a duel er paiTage through which any 
 thi juices How. 
 
 CANA'RIES, S, in Geography, twelve 
 fmall iflands in the Atlantic ocean, weft of 
 Africa, difci'vcred by Bothencourt, a French 
 man, but now belonging to Spain. They 
 make a great deal of wine, which is called 
 canary, from one of the moft confiderablc of 
 ail tbefe iflandj. 
 
 CANA'RY-RIRD, S. 3 finging bird for- 
 nierly peculiar to the Canarie?, of the linnet 
 kind, of a yellow, or yellowi/h green colour, 
 a very loud note, and of great boldnefs. 
 
 To CA'NCEL, \. A. [canceUer, Fr. can- 
 iiUarc, Jtal. from car.ceHu n^tare, Lar.] to 
 crofs a writing, and liiereby tender i: of no 
 etTecl. Figuratively, to deftroy a deed by tear- 
 ing ofFthe feal, or name ; to efTjce, or oblite- 
 ra;e. 
 
 CANCELLATION, S. an expunging, or 
 annulling the power of an inftrumenr. 
 
 CA'NCER, S, [Lat, a crab] \a Aftrono- 
 
 CAN 
 
 my, a fign of the Zodiac, into which the fan 
 enters in June, and reprefented on globes by 
 the figure of a crab, in order to exprefs the re- 
 turning of the fun, or its coming back to the 
 equator from thenc? ; or from its feeming not 
 to advance, but rather to go back for fome 
 days when in the folftitial point, in which re- 
 fpc(St it imitates the motion afcribed lo that 
 animal. The ftars in this conftellition, ac- 
 cording to FlamfteaH, are 71. The tropic of 
 C:incer, is a Icfs circle of the fphere, parallel to 
 the equator, and pafling through the beginning 
 ot the fign Career ; all the inhabitants within 
 this Ipace have the fun perpendicular or verti- 
 cal twice a year, and are fituated in the torrid 
 zone. In Surgery, a roundifti, unequal, livid, 
 hard tumor. 
 
 To CA'NCERATE, V. N. [from cancer} 
 to grow cancerous ; to turn to a cancer. 
 
 CA'NCEROUS, Adj, [from cancer] hav- 
 ing the virulence of a cancer. 
 
 CA'NCEROUSNESS, S. [from cancercm 
 and ne s} the quality arifing from a cancer. 
 
 CA'NDID, Adj. [candidus, Lat. J white, 
 Figuritively, impartial, mild j uninfluenced 
 by fiiiifter motives j free from malice or pre- 
 judice. 
 
 CA'NDIDATE, S. [candldatui, Lat. 
 wh)te ; thofe who ofi'ered themfelves to be 
 eiected into any ofHce among the Romars 
 wearing white garments, in order to oiftinguifii 
 them from the reft of the crowd] one who fol- 
 liciis the votes of others, in order to attain 
 any place, poft, or office conferred by a ma- 
 jority J one who oppofes another j a competi- 
 tor. 
 
 CA'NDIDLY, Adv. [from candid and /y] 
 in an impartial manner, without prejudice, 
 malice, or envy j fairly ; kindly. 
 
 CA'NDLE, S. [candela, Lat.J a wick of 
 cotton covered with wax, fperma ceti, or tal- 
 low, of a cylindrical form, ufed to fupply the 
 want of day-light. Figuratively, light, or any 
 thing which gives light, " The candle of the 
 wicked ihall be put out." Pro-v. xxiv. 20. 
 Sale by tie caaile, or ir^ck of candle, is an au£\ion 
 which lafts only while a piece of candle, light- 
 ed for that purpofe, continues burning, the 
 lift bidder, before it is extind, being adjudged 
 the purch.ifer. 
 
 CA'NDLE-LIGHT, S. the light aftbrdcd 
 by a candle. 
 
 CA'NDLEMAS, S. [from candleand mafs, 
 la cbandeleure, Fr. I'ucbtmcijx, Teut.] a feaft 
 of the church, celebrated on the fecond of Fe- 
 bruary, in commemoration of the BlelFed Vir- 
 gin's purification. 
 
 CA'NDOUR, S. [candor, Lat.] a temper 
 of mind unfoured by envy, unrufiied by malice, 
 and unfeduced by prejudice ; fweet without 
 weaknefs, and impartial without rigour. 
 
 To CA'NDY, V. A. [from Candia, in 
 Spain, a place abounding in fugar ; or from 
 elktnde, or elkendit, Arab, fugar ; or laftly, 
 from f^ndirf, low Lat, to whiienj to preferve 
 
 ^1
 
 CAN 
 
 by boiling In fiigar ; to melt and cryftal'ze fu- 
 gar feveral times, to render k hard and tranf- 
 parent. Figuratively, to freeze, o-r be co- 
 vered with a hard fubftance, or flakes. " Can- 
 died vj'ith ice." Shak. To flatter, or make 
 ufe of foothing and infinuating expreffions, 
 *' Let the carJy'' d longue like abfurd pomp." 
 Shak, Neijterly, to grow hard ; to grow thick, 
 or be covered with flakes. 
 
 CANE, S. [civtnf, Span.] in Botany, a 
 kind of reed growing in fiiverai joints, and of 
 different dimenfions. The bamboo, which 
 grows in the Indiep, efpecially at Bengal, to a 
 prodigious fize, is wrought into bowls, or 
 other houlliolil iitenfih, by the :rhabitan;s ; 
 the fmaller fort are made into firtiing rods. 
 The walking ca>:e, is that which grows in 
 the Eaft Indies ; thofe which are without 
 joints are by far the beft, and more elaflic. 
 Hence the word fignifies, figuratively, a walk- 
 ing {^iff. 
 
 To CANE, V, A. to beat a perfon with a 
 fane, or a walking ftaff. 
 
 CANl'CULA, S. [Lat.] in Aflronomy, 
 the name of one of the liars in the conftellu- 
 tion of Canis Mijor, called the Dog-fl:3r ; 
 fiom whofe heliacal rifing with the fun, that 
 is, its emerfion from the fun's rays, the an- 
 pienis reckoned their dog-d ys ; and the JE- 
 ^yptians and .Ethiopians beaan their years. 
 
 CANl'CULAR, S. [cnn!c:j!ar!s, Lai.] of 
 or belonging to the dog-days. The canicular 
 days are a certain number of days preceding, 
 or enfuing, the heliacal rifing of the Canicula, 
 or Dog-ftjr. 
 
 CANl'NE, Adj. \caji]r.us, Lat. from ca 
 ni, a dog] having the properties of, or te- 
 femblng a dog. Canine oppa'ite, in Mediciie, 
 an inordinate appetite, or lumber not to be fa- 
 tisfied. 
 
 CAN!'NE-TEETH, S. {dtntcs canm,L-iU 
 or dogs-teeth] in Anatomy, two fliarpedgeJ 
 teeth in each jaw, between the inciibres and 
 molares, f; called from their refembling the 
 cnrrefpondnt tecih in a dog. 
 
 CA'NIS Majo:^, S. [Lat. the Grr-at 
 Dog] in Aftronnmy, a conftellaiion in the 
 fiiuthern hemilphere, confiftinu', according to 
 flamftead, of 32 ftars. 
 
 CA'NIS MiKo.'^, or the Lefl"er Dog, is the 
 faine as Canicula, which lee. 
 
 CA'NISTER, S. Icaniflrum, Lat.] in its 
 prin:»ary fenfe, which is now obfolete, a baf- 
 ket. In its fecondary, a fmall box or recep- 
 tacle made of tin, or other metal, or porce- 
 lain, to hold tea, fugar, i^c. 
 
 CA'NKER, [canchtrn, Ital. chancre, Fr. 
 from cancer, Lat.J in Natural Hiftory, a fmall 
 worm, which preys upon fruit, joined with 
 the word ivorm. in Medicine, a fpeck made 
 by a fharp humour, which grows or corrodes 
 the fle(h like a cauflick, and is common to 
 children ; a corrofivo humour. Figuratively, 
 that which gradually and inevitably dcftroys. 
 
 CAN 
 
 A difeafe incident to trees, which mike? the 
 bark rot and fall off. Applied to biafs, a 
 kind of ruft or verdigreafe, which covers it? 
 lurface with a green colour. 
 
 To CA'NKER, V. N. to ruft or grow 
 green, applied to brafs or other metals ; to be 
 corroded, to grow foul or corrup'. Aftively, 
 to corrode ; to pollute ; to eat or gnaw j to 
 inleft ; including the idea of acrimony. 
 
 CA'NNIBAL, S. one who lives upon hu- 
 o^an flcfh. 
 
 CA'NNIBALLY, Adv. [from canrM,aUni. 
 /y] a'ter the manner or pradice of cannihalu 
 " Had he been canriibaUy given." 
 
 CA'NNON, S. [car.on, Fr. canr.:,':c, Ital. 
 from canna, L^t. a reed or tube] a hollow 
 cylindrical inflrument, m::de of a mixt rnet;3l, 
 furnifhed with a touch-hole, and ufed to {hoot 
 a ball by the force of gun-powder. This mi- 
 litary engine is fuppofed to have been invented 
 by J. Owen, an Englifliman, and it is evident 
 that the firft which were ever feen in 
 France belonged to this nation, and were ufed 
 in the battle of CieTy, 1346 \ and Mtzeray 
 aflerts that the Englifh, by five or fix pieces 
 of cannon, ftruck terror into the French, who 
 had never feen fuch thundering machines be- 
 fore. 
 
 CA'NNON-BALL, or CANNON- BUL- 
 LET, S. the ball or bullet with which 4 
 cannon is charged. 
 
 To CA'NNONADE, V. A. (o attack 
 with, or fire cannon againfl:. Sometimes ufed 
 neulerly, as, " Both armies cannonadtd all the 
 enl'Liing day." "^latkr. No. 65. 
 
 CA'NN'oNIER, S rp;-onounced car.nor.ccrl 
 the peifoii who lilchiirge;, or fires a cannon. 
 
 CA'NNOT, V. N. [compounded of M« and 
 nct\ not able, not having power enough for 
 the performance of a thing. " He cir.not do 
 it." Joined wiih but, it implies necellity, and 
 figr'ifies m-jjl. " ] ctinnot but believe." Locke, 
 
 CA'NO/^,orCANOE, [pronounced M?:t;oj 
 an Indian velTrl or boat, made of the trunk ot 
 a iree, dug holloAf ; pieces of bark fewed to- 
 gether ; or of the fmall flicks of a pliant wood, 
 covered with fealflcins. 
 
 CA'NON, S. [«avwv, Gr.] in Ecclernflric 
 Hiftory, a law or rule, relating either to ths 
 doctrine or difcipline of a church, eBa<f):ed by 
 a general council, and confirmed by the prin- 
 cipal magiRrate. Applied to the Scripture, 
 luch boiks as are held to be really infpired, 
 A law or rule in any fcience. In Surgery, an 
 inftrument iif:d in fcwing up wounds. In 
 Geometry and Aleebra, a general rule for the 
 folution of all quelHons of the fame nature. 
 In Printing, the iargelt fizc of types, as in tlic 
 following line, 
 
 mercy. 
 
 CA'NON.
 
 CAN 
 
 CA'NON, S. cbmoir.i, Fr. c,:K:n:cuf, Lat. 
 ef >4avfcT, Gr. a l.ivv, rule, penfioi), or lirt] a 
 perion who poffsflcs a prebend, or revenue id- 
 ioUtd for pcitormirce ot' divine fervice in a 
 Ciilhe.-iral o,- colleciate church. 
 
 CANO'NICAL, Adv, [ramnicus. La'.] ap- 
 pliid to ceienionies and dift inline, thofe which 
 are er>abliil;ed by the laws of the church. Ap- 
 plied to Looks, thofe ■which are generally al 
 lowed to be tliviiiely infpired. /-Applied to 
 t'me, or hours, tiiols whch are prefcribed or 
 limited by (he chuich for the performance of, 
 or celebrating, any cer«moiiy or a(fl of reli- 
 gion. 
 
 CANO'NICALLY, Adj. [from caiwiucal 
 and ly] in a iDanner jgreeabk fo tjic prelcrip 
 tions and laws of the church. 
 
 CANO'NICALNESS, S. [from c.incr.'ical 
 and nejs] the quality which denotes a thing to 
 be founded on, or agreeable to, -the laws of the 
 church. 
 
 CA'NONIST, S. one who makes the ca- 
 nons his peculiar faidy ; a protcfior of the 
 canon law ; a perfon fkilied in ecclcfiaftic 
 Jaw. 
 
 CANONrZATIO:':, S. [from caKon, a 
 law orrfgi.lcrj in the Romifli Church, a de 
 claration of the pope's, whereby, after feme 
 folemnity, a perion, %vho has been eminent 
 for an exsmplsry lite, and a I'uppoled power ot 
 working miwcles, enters into the lift of the 
 faints. 
 
 To CA'NONIZE, V, A. [from car.cn, a 
 lift of faints acknowledged in the Romifn 
 church] to enter a perfon's name in the lift 
 of faints 5 to make n faint, 
 
 CA'NONP.Y, cr CA'NONSH!P,S.[from 
 canor. ana '_v, ot nc, Sax.j the benefice, oflice, 
 cr duty of a canon. 
 
 CA'NOPIED, Adj. [from canopy] covered 
 above with a canopy, fpread above, cr ovei 
 liie head. 
 
 C.^'NOPY, S. [from canop\u>v, low Lat. o' 
 «ttvo'.Tsi:v, Gr. nets fpiead ovlt a bed to keep 
 oft' the gnats] any thing which is extended 
 over the head. 
 
 To CA'NOPY, V. A. to form a canopy 
 ever a peifon's head. 
 
 CA'NOROUS, Adj. [car.oyus, Lit.] given 
 tpfin^'ing; mufical ; tunetul. 
 
 CANT, S. [from canii/s, Lat. a whining 
 tone of voice] applied to l.n^.uage, a dialeifl 
 jnade ufc of by beggars and vagabonds, to con- 
 era) their meaning from others ; a whining 
 tone of voice ; a particular form of fpeaking 
 pecul:f.r to any body of men ; a whining, for- 
 iTia! pretenfion togoodnefs, generally attended 
 with hypncnfy. 
 
 To CANT, V.N. [from the noun] to 
 rrlake ufe of the dialect, abfurd jargon, or pri- 
 vate gibberlfh of vatjbonds and thieves; to 
 Ipeak or read in a whining tone ; to endeavour 
 to impofe upon a perfon by a formal pretence 
 to uncomrniin piety ; to flatter. 
 
 C.^NTA^TA, S. [Ital.J in Mufic, a fon^'ireble pait ot it. 
 
 CAN 
 
 compofed of recitative airs, and a variety of 
 motions, generally for a fingle voice, with a 
 thorough bafs ; tometimes for two, three, or 
 more voices, with violins, and other inftni- 
 ments. 
 
 CA'NTER, S, [from c^«/ and rr] one 
 who endeavours to pafshimfelf upon the world 
 as a religious pedon, by a fair oiitfide, and 
 forma! appearance of religion, without obey- 
 ing it in his heart. 
 
 CA'NTERBURY, S. [called by the Ro- 
 mans Durohirnium or Duro-vernium, from dur- 
 icherti, Brit, a rapid river, and by the Saxons, 
 Cant-zuara-barig, i. e. the city of the men of 
 Kent] the cliiel ciiy of the county of Kent, 
 and an archhi/hoprick, fo ancient as to have 
 been built 900 years before Chrift ; and famous 
 for being the place where Thomas a Becket 
 was killed and buried, and likewife for the bu- 
 ri^ii-plarc of that great warrior, Edward the 
 Black Prince, and Henry IV. Being inhabited 
 by the Walloons in the reign of queen Eliza- 
 beth, and by the Fiench in that of queen Anne, 
 who fled hither for refuge, it has been noted 
 for the filk manufa^lorias carried on by thofe 
 foreigners. It is governed by a mayor, enjoys 
 many privileges, fends two members to par- 
 Itameju, has a market on Wednefday and Sa- 
 turday weekly, is in 51 deg. aomin. latitude, 
 and difla.it from London 43 computed, or 56 
 meafured miles. The brawn of this place is 
 reputed to be the heft in England. A Canter- 
 bury lale implies a tedious, difmal, and dif- 
 agreeable ftory or narrative ; alluding perhaps 
 to the ftories oi Becket's death, who was af- 
 faflinattd here. 
 
 CA'NTERBURY BELLS, S. inBotany, 
 a plant called likewile th'- hell Jioiuer. 
 
 CANTHA'RIDES, S. [Lat. the plural of 
 car.tbarii] in Natural Hiftory and Pharmacy, 
 called Span'if] Jlies, but p'operly a beetle 
 formed fiom an ejig, which produces a worm, 
 that is peculiar to the fig-tree, pine-tree, white 
 brier, and popUr, whofe juices being very 
 corrofive or biting, are by Bacon fuppofed to 
 bethecaules of its corrofive orcauftic qiiaiitv. 
 It is needlel's to mention their fervice in blif- 
 ters, or the danger of too free a ufe of them, 
 (ince experience has confirmed the former, 
 and given us too dreadful examples ot the lat- 
 ter. 
 
 CA'NTHUS, S. [Lat.] the corner of the 
 eye, foimed by the meeting of the eye-lids, 
 
 CA'NI'iCLE.S. [a diminutive noun, from 
 cnntus, Lat.] a long ; applied to tome hymn 
 in Scripture, and ufed by divines in the plural, 
 to fignifv Solomon's fong. 
 
 CANli'LIVERS, S. in Building, pieces 
 of wood framed into the front, or fides of a 
 houfe, to fuftain the moulding t reaves over it. 
 CaniUiter cornice, is a cornice with cantilivers 
 or modillions under it. 
 
 CA'N TO; S. [Ital a divifion, fe£lion, or 
 nook of a p.iem. In Mufic, a fong, or the 
 
 CA'NTON,
 
 CAP 
 
 CA'NTON, S, fcatt}':f, Fr. Spnn. and 
 Ital. kanC, Belp. Ka\3:;, Gr. a cornerj a fmall 
 part of a city detacheri trom the reft ; a parcel 
 or divifion of land ; a diliridi, or part of a 
 country governed by its own chief or magi- 
 ftrates ; a fmall comtnvnity or cbn. In He- 
 raldry, a fquare portion of an efcutcheon fe- 
 parated from the reft, when on the left fide, 
 called ^»/,'?f>-5 and like the fpaces 'between the 
 crofs or faltire. 
 
 To CA'NTON, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 divide into fmaU parts, parcels, or diftrids, 
 ufed with the particle into, and fometimes 
 both with o'lt and into. " Cantoned out into 
 petty ftates." yMdif- " Cantoned out into par- 
 cels." Siuift. 
 
 To CANTONI'ZE, V. A. to parcel out ; 
 to allot in fmall divifions, ufed with among, 
 *' All Ireland was cantonized among ten per- 
 fons." 
 
 CA'NVASS, S. [cane-vas, F. kannufas, 
 Belg. canne-vaccio, cannei'azzio, Ital. canabis, 
 Lat. Kttva^i;, Gr. hemp] very clear unbleach- 
 ed cloth of hemp or flax, wove in little fquares, 
 ufed for working tapeftry by the needle j for 
 blinds of windows, towels, and to cover ftays, 
 &c. Jikewife a coarfe cloth of hemp, of which 
 ails are made. 
 
 To CA'NVASS, V. A. [can-vaffer, Fr. to 
 beat hemp, which requiring fome labour may 
 be ufed figuratively] to fcarch a truth to its 
 firft principles ; to enquire into ; to examine ; 
 to debate, or difpute j to controvert. Uled 
 neuterly, to folicit; afk people for their votes j 
 or make intereft at an eledtion. 
 
 CA'NY, Adj. [from cane] abounding in 
 canes. 
 
 CAP, S. \_cap, Brit, c^l'pe, Sax. cappe, 
 Teut. cappa, Ital. capa, Span, kappe, Belg. J 
 a cloathing worn on the head. Being worn by 
 cardinals, it is figuratively ufed for the office 
 or dignity of a cardinal. In Gunnery, a piece 
 ef lead laid over the touch-hole to preferve the 
 prime. Cap of Maintenance, is one of the re- 
 galia carried before the k'ng at a coronation. 
 To CAP, V, A. to cover the top of a thing; 
 to pull oft' a cap in play. 
 
 CAP-A-Pl'E, orCAP.A-PE', [Fr.] from 
 
 head to foot, all over, ufed with the verb arjn. 
 
 CAPABI'LITY, S. [from capable] the 
 
 quality of being able to undertake or pt^rform 
 
 i> thing. 
 
 CA'PABLE,Adj. [Fr.] endued wi-h power 
 or underftandiiig eqd.il to an iindeitjking; fuf- 
 ceptible ; fitted for, or adapted to. 
 
 CAPA'CIOUS, Adj. {capax, Lat.] ap- 
 plied to bodies, ot laige dimenfions, or of a 
 large cavity; able to contain much. Applied 
 to the mind, extenfive, or containing a great 
 ftuck of knowleilge. 
 
 CAPA'CIOUSNESS, S. [from capacious 
 snd nej'i] the quality of containing or receiving 
 u pTcdi number of things or large bodies. 
 
 To CAPA'CITATE, V. A. [from capa- 
 city] to render a fcrii^n fit by inftrufilion, dif- 
 
 CAP 
 
 cipline, Pudy, or ex;:rcife ; to qualify ?. perfon 
 for an unoerraking. 
 
 CAPA'CITY, S. [capacite, Fr,] the di- 
 menfions or cavity of a thing fitting it for the 
 reception of other bodies. Applied to the 
 mind, underftanding j a power of receiving 
 inftruftion ; a ftate, condition, or charadler. 
 
 CAPAR'JSON, S. [caparaghn, Fr. capa- 
 rijone, Ital, cuparcmon. Span.] the cloathing 
 or covering fpread ov^r an horfe of ftate, or 
 fumpter-horf^ ; anciently a kind of iron-ar- 
 mour wherewith horfes were covered in war. 
 To CAPA'RISON, V. A, to drefs a harfe 
 in its lioufings for fhew and oftentation. Fi- 
 guratively, to adorn a perfon with pompous 
 and fplendid drefs. *' Though I am caparijoned 
 like a man." Shak. 
 
 CAPE, S. \_cap, Fr, cape, Ital ] in Geo- 
 graphy, a piece of land running or projecting 
 into the fea j a head-land, or promontory j 
 the neck-pieces of a coat. 
 
 CAFE'LLA, S. [Lat.j a bright ftar of the 
 firft magnitude in the left ftioulder of Auriga, 
 Its longitude is 17 deg. 31 min. 41 fee. of Ge- 
 mini, and lat. 22 deg, 51 min, 47, fee, N. 
 
 CA'PER, S. [caprw'e, Fr. capriola, Ital. 
 cabriole, Span, from caper, Lat. a goat] in 
 Dancing, a fpring or leap, in which the feet 
 are moved acrofs each other feveral times be- 
 fore a perfon reaches the ground again. 
 
 CA'PER, S. [capparis, Lat.J the flower of 
 the caper-bufh, of which a pickle is made, 
 called capre in French. Linnaeus places it in 
 the firft fe<St, of his 15th clafs. 
 
 To CA'PER, V, A, to crofs the feet feve- 
 ral times in the air in a leap, applied to dan- 
 cing ; to flcip for joy j to dance with great 
 adlivity, 
 
 CATERER, S, [from caper and er] o,ic 
 who cuts capers in dancing. 
 
 CA'PlAS, S. [Lat. from caplo, to take] !n 
 law, a writ of two forts, one before judgment, 
 called capias ad nfpcndendum ; the other is a 
 writ of execution after judgment. 
 
 CAPILLA'CEOUS, Adj. See CAPIL- 
 LARY. 
 
 CAPI'LLAMENT,S.[ffl;>»7Aw.vn/«^»;,Lat.] 
 in Botany, the fmall threads or hairs, which 
 grow in the middle of a flower, adorned with 
 ittle herbs at the top. Likewife the firings 
 or threads about the roots of plants. 
 
 CA'PILLA'RY, Adj. \capillus, Lat, hair] 
 refcmbling hairs. In Botany, applied to fucli 
 plants as have no main ftem, their leaves ari- 
 fing from the toots, and produce their feeds 
 in little tufts or protuberances on the back oi 
 their leaves; as the fern, maiHenhair, of 
 wrhich the fyrup of capillaire is made. Jn 
 Anatomy, applied to the minute arteries, 
 which, in the brain, are not equjl to one hair, 
 and the fmallefl lymphatic vell'cU, which are 
 100 times fmaller than the finaileft aiterit-s. 
 In Phyf'C, capillaiy tubes arc thcfe whofe dia- 
 meter is one-half, one third, or one-fourth of 
 a line, or th: Jeaft that can be made. 
 
 CAPIL-
 
 CAP 
 
 CAPILLATION, S..[from capWus, Lat. 
 a hairj a dividing into branches as fmall as 
 hairs. " In fmaller veins, or obfcurer capil- 
 latiorts." Broiuii. 
 
 CA'PITAL, Adj. [capitalis, Lat.] in its 
 primary fenfe, that which br;lons,5 or relates to 
 the head. " Needs muft the ferpent now his 
 f(7/>ifa/ bruife expedt." Pur. L»Ji. Applied 
 to criines, that which affe£ls a perfon's life ; 
 criminai in the high eft degree ; chiet or prin- 
 cioal. A|.'plied to letters or types-, the brger 
 fort, which are made ule of at the bef.inning 
 and heads oi books. Cjfital Jlcck, the fund 
 of a trjdinp ccmpany. 
 
 CA'PlTAL, S. among Merchants, the 
 fum of money brought in by each party to 
 ir.ake up the comnioa ftock. Likewile, the 
 money which a merchant hrft brings into trade 
 on his own account. In Geography, the 
 chii^ city of a kingdom, or rcfidence of its 
 monarch. 
 
 C.A'FITALLY, Adv. [from capitaU and 
 Ij] '\n 'uch a manner as ..fl'efts a perfun'o life. 
 Capitally con-v'i8ed, is applied to a perfon who 
 is caft tor his l.-fe, or condemned to die. Ap- 
 plied to prodiifiions of art, in a pertecl, high- 
 finifhed, or excellent manner. 
 
 CAPITA'TION, S. rCrom t^p^'t, Lat. a 
 head] a numbering by the h-iads ; a certain 
 fum of money impoled at fo much ptr head, 
 in exigencies of Itate. ] 
 
 To CAPKTULATE, V. A. to draw arti- 
 cles 5 to fet down the heads of a remonftrance ; ] 
 to make a head. " Douglas and Mortimer 
 capitulate againft us." Shak. MolHy ufcd by 
 moderns, to furrcnder a place upon certain 
 conditions. 
 
 CAFITULA'TION, S. the funender of a 
 place upon certain conditions ; the conditions 
 or terms agreed upon for the lurrender of a 
 place. 
 
 CAPI'TULUM, S, [Lat. a little head] in 
 Botany, the head of any flower or plant. In 
 Anatomy, a fmaller procefs or protuberance oi 
 a bone received into another. 
 
 CA'POT, S. [Fr J at picquet, when one 
 party wins all the irfcks. 
 
 To CA'POT, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 •win all the tricks at the game at pitquet. 
 
 CAPRl'CE.orCAPRl'CCIO, S. [w6r/«, 
 Fr. (apricbio, Span, capriccio, Ital.] a ludden 
 change of fentiment, not founded on reafon ; 
 a whimfey, freak, or faniaftic humour, 
 
 CAPRl'CIOUS, Adj. [capricieux, Fr.] a 
 variable and inconflani behaviour founded on 
 mere whim and fancy ; a fudden and ficquent 
 change of opinion, or fentimen', inconfiftcnt 
 •with reafon. 
 
 CAPRI'CIOUSLY, Adv. [from capricious 
 and ly] in a whimfical, humourfome, fanciful 
 manner. 
 
 CAPRI'CIOUSNESS, S. [from capricious 
 and nefs\ the quality of changing orcommand- 
 ingi according to the ftarts of fancy, without 
 any regatU to reafon or propriety. 
 
 CAP 
 
 CA'PRICORN, S. [Capricar/iut, Lat.] iri 
 Aftronomy, the tenth fign of the zodiac, rc- 
 prefented on ancient medals in the form of a 
 goat, with the hinder p.irts of a fifli ; for the 
 fun entering that fign on the winter folftice, 
 from whence he begins lo afcend towards the 
 northern hemifphcre, the hieroglyphic fign of 
 a goat, which is fond of climbing, and afcend* 
 as it hrowfes, feemed to be proper to reprefenC 
 that circumft.ince. 
 
 CAP'STAN, S. [corruptly fpelt cap/lern, 
 capcjlan, Fr. cap, S ix. a head, and Ji('"gt 
 SwX. a bar or bolt] a large cylinder, or barrel, 
 placed perpendicular on the deck of .1 fliip, ard 
 turned by four levers or bars, which crofs it, 
 feiving, by means of a cable which winds 
 round ir, to draw up heavy burdens. It is 
 likewile ufed to tow a Hiip, and to weigh the 
 anchors. 
 
 CA'PSULAR, Adj. [capfula, Lat. a bag 
 or pouch] hollow like a chcil or pouch. 
 
 CAP'SULATE, Adj. [from <:.;/>/(/ /^, Lat.] 
 inclofed as in a box. Capjulaied plants, in Bo- 
 tany, are fuch as produce their feeds in IhorC 
 dry pods, or hulks. 
 
 CA'PTAIN, S. \cap\taine, Fr.] an officer 
 in an army, or one v.ho commands fo'idiers, 
 or other men. Captain of a company, is one who 
 commands a company under a colonel. Captain 
 cf a pip, is the perfon who has the command 
 of her, 
 
 CA'PTION, S. [from caph, to take] in 
 Law, is when a commiflion is executed, and 
 the commiffioners fubfcribe their names to a 
 certificate, declaring when and wherethe com- 
 m:f!ion was executed. 
 
 C A'PTIOUS, Adj. [rj^fic/ujjLat. captieux, 
 Fr.] given to cavils, or toi.ming dbjeiUons j 
 enfnaring; infidious. 
 
 CA'PTIOUSLV, Adv. [from M//(«as and 
 !j] in fuch a- manner as fhews a gieat inclina- 
 tion to raife objections j In a fly, enfnaring or 
 infidious manner. 
 
 CA'PTIOUSNESS, S. [from captious and 
 tiffs] the quality of forming cavils, or unne- 
 cefTary ob]tilions ; peevifhnefs. 
 
 To C.4'PT1VATE, V. A. [captivo, La*. 
 captit-er, Fr.] to take prifoner. Figuratively, 
 to charm or fubdue by the power of fupeiit* 
 excellence. 
 
 CAPTIVA'TION, S. [from cfptlvatum, 
 ftipine of capti'vo, Lat. to tike prifoner] the 
 aft of taking a perfon prifoner j the ftate of 
 a perfon taken prifoner. 
 
 CA'PTiVE, S. [capti-vns, Lat. cnptif, Fr.] 
 one taken prifoner in war. Figuratively, one 
 charmed or fubdued by the beauty or excel- 
 lence of another. 
 
 CA'PTiVE, Adj. [capt'i'vus, Lat.] taken 
 prifoner in war ; in coniinement, imprifoned. 
 Figuratively, fubdued, or kept under great 
 reftraints. 
 
 To CA'PTIVE, V, A. [formerly accented 
 on the laft fyliablej t« take or make a perfon 
 prifoner. 
 
 CAPTK-
 
 CAR 
 
 CAPTIVITY, S. [captlvlte, Fr. captivhas, 
 Lat.J a ftate of fervitude, owing lo a perlon's 
 being taktn pri'foner in war. 
 
 CA'PTOK, S. [from captitt:, fupine of 
 capio, Lat. to take] the perfon who takes a 
 prifoner, or prize. 
 
 CA'PTURE, S. [capture, Fr. captura, Lat.] 
 the taking of any prey ; the thing taken. In 
 Law, the leizinj a perfon for a debt, or the 
 apprehending a criminal. 
 
 CAPUCHI'NS, S. fpromunced capvpcens] 
 monks of the order of St. Francis, founded 
 by Matthew Bafchi. They are cloathed with 
 brown or grey, are always bare-footed, never 
 go in a coach, and never (have their beard'. 
 Ufed in the lingular for a woman's cloak, with 
 
 CAR 
 
 CARBU'NCLED, Adj. fet with catfcun< 
 cles ; covered with large red pimples. 
 
 CARDU'NCULAR, Adj. refemblins, of 
 partaking of the qualities of a carbuncle. 
 
 CA'RCASE, or CARCASS, S. [carca/e, 
 Fr.] a dead body. Figuratively, a body Or per- 
 fon in a reproachful fenfe ; the decayed parts, 
 ruins or remains of a thing. '"The rotten 
 carcaft o( a boat." Shak. In Gunnery, a kincJ 
 of bomb, of an oblong form, filled with com- 
 buftibles, and thrawn from a mortar. 
 
 CARD, S. [car!e, Fr. carti, Ital. cbarta, 
 Lar.J in Coming, pieces of fine thin pafte- 
 board, cut in oblong fquares, on v/hich are 
 painted feveral marks and figures, and ufeH in 
 levsral games. A court card is that which 
 
 a hood fewed to it, made in imitation of the has the image of fume perfon painted on it 
 
 drefs of the capuchins, and deriving its name 
 from thence. 
 
 CAR, S. [car, Brit, carre, Eelg. carrus, 
 Lat.] a fmall carriage with one or two horfcs. 
 Figuratively, ufed by the poets for a chariot or 
 genteel vehicle, in which a perfon is drawn. 
 
 CA'RABINE, or CARBINE, S, [Fr.J a 
 fmail kind of fufee, or fire-arm, about two 
 feet long in the barrel. 
 
 CARABINl'ER, S. [pronounced carabi- 
 neer^ a fort of light horfe, carrying longer ca- 
 rabines than the reft, ufed fometimes on foot. 
 CA'RAT, orCA'RACT, [carat, Fr. from 
 canEia, a weight, quilate, Span. Kennct] a 
 mark, that is to fay, an ounce troy, divided 
 into 24 equal parts, called caracit, and each 
 caraft into four grains, is a weight by which 
 the mint-mafters difcovetthe finenefs of gold. 
 CaraB, or carat fine, is the 24th part of th;- 
 goodnefsofa piece of pure gold. Carat is a 
 weight ufed by jewellers, equal to four grains, 
 but lighter than the mark weight above, 
 
 CA'RAVAN, S. [cara'vane, Fr. from 
 cairaiuan, or ca'iroan, Arab, of keriuan, 01 
 car-van, Per. a dealer, trader, or mertliant]a 
 body or company of merchants or traders tra- 
 velling together in great numbers through 
 defarts, or other dangerous places in the Eaft, 
 for their mutual fafety and defence. Their 
 beafts are hoifes, but moft commonly camels, 
 and they are elcorted by a chief or aga, with 
 a body of janizaries. 
 
 CA'RAWAY, S. [from carum, Lat. from 
 Carta, the place where it originally grew] 
 in Botany, the feed isftomachic, diuretic, and 
 carminative, one of the four hot feeds in the 
 Ihops, 
 
 CARBONA'DO, S. [carhorrJo, Span, car- 
 benata, Ital. carbonnade, Fr. from carbo, Lat. 
 a coal] meat cut acrofs, or in fquares, with a 
 knife, to be broiled. 
 
 To CARBON A'DO, V. A. to cut acrofs, 
 in Cookery. Figuratively, to cut or hack. 
 _ CARBU'NCLE, S. Icarbuncu'.us, Lat. a 
 little coal] a jewel of the luby kind, whofe 
 weight exceeds 20 cirats of a rich blood-red 
 colour. Figurativjlv, a lar^e ted pimple, 
 breaking out upon the fjce. 
 
 Pi. pack of cards confifts of 52 of thefe fquares. 
 In Sea Affairs, the upper part of the mari- 
 ner's compafs, on which the names of the 
 winds are marked. 
 
 CARD, S. [ksdre, Belg. cardo, Ital. and 
 Span. J an inftrument or comb, tompofed of 
 feverdl fmall pieces of iron-wire, hooked ia 
 the miJdle, faflened by the feet in row? ; 
 they are generally ufed in p-)irs, placed with 
 their points opofite to each other, having 
 the materials between them, and ferve to 
 comb, difentangle, and range v/oolorflax, ia a 
 proper order for fpinning. 
 
 To CARD, V. A. 1 from kaerde/i, Belg. or 
 harden, Teut.] to comb wool, &c. or make 
 it fit for fpinning, by drawtng it through the 
 card or comb. Neuterly, to game ; or play 
 inordinately at cards. " A carding wife." 
 
 CA'RDAMOM, S. [cardamomum, Lat.] a 
 medicinal feed, that aflifts digeftion, ftrength- 
 ens the head and ifomach, and is diuretic. 
 
 CA'RDER, S. [from c^irjand «/-] one who 
 combs or prepares wool by paffing it through a 
 card. 
 
 CA'RDINAL, Adj. [cardinaVis, Lat. from 
 cardo, hiX. a hing", becaufe all of the fame 
 kind are fuppofed to depend, and, as it were 
 turn on them like a door upon its biiigt;s] 
 principal, chief, prime, or moft confiderable. 
 In C')fmogra;'hy, cardinal points, are the four 
 chief points of the horizon ; from whence all 
 the reft are named, vizi, the North and South, 
 Eatt and Weft ; and cardinal winds are thofe 
 which blow from either of thofe quarters. 
 Cardinal numbers, are thofe integers or num- 
 bers from which the others arc named and 
 compofed. 
 
 CA'RDINAL, S. one of the chief gover- 
 nors of the Romifti church, by whom the 
 pnpe is elected outof their own number, v/h^ch 
 certains fix bifliops, fifty pricfts, and fourteen 
 deacons, who conftitutc the facred college, 
 chofen by the pope. 
 
 CARDINALADE, orCARDINALSHIP, 
 S. [from cardinal znd JJfip OT fcyp, Six,] Khe 
 office and rank of a cardinal. 
 CA'RDUUS, S. [Lat.] a kind of thiftle, 
 ufed in medicine, as a gentle vomit. 
 
 CARE
 
 CAR 
 
 CARE, S. [care or eara, Sax. har, Goth, 
 efir and ckarchar, Perf. cttra, Lat.] attention 
 to a particular I'ubjeft ; concern or anxiety of 
 mind, arifing from the uncertainty of fome- 
 thing future, or the oppreflion of a prefent 
 calamity; caution, proteftion, regard, and 
 l-ipport, when followed with the particle of, 
 " There i& a God that takes care of us." 
 Tillo^f. A too great anxiety for the events of 
 this world ; an affe^ionate regard f«r a perfon. 
 " That our care for you ini^ht appear." 2 
 Ccr, vii. 12. 
 
 To CARE. V. N. [See the noun] to be 
 anxious, folicitcus, cr concerned for a perfor; 
 to be difpol'ed, or inclined. " Not caring to 
 obferve the wind." WaHer. " Great msf- 
 lers never care for drawing people in the fa- 
 Jhion." To have a fympathy or affeftionate 
 regard for. " Not that he cared for the 
 poor." jfohn xii. 6. 
 
 To CARE'EN, V. A. \cartn:r, Fr. from 
 tarina, Lat.] to lay a vefTel upon one fide, in 
 Older to calk, ftop the leaks, trim, or repair 
 tlie other fnie. 
 
 CAREE'R, S. carriere, Fr.] a rourfe or 
 race; the ground on which a race is run ; full 
 Jpeed ; very fwift motion ; a courfe of aftion 
 vithout any interiuption. 
 
 CA'REFUL, Adj. abounding or petplfxed 
 with great follicitude, apprehenfions, or an- 
 xietv. 
 
 CA'REFULLY, Adv. [from carefulind !y] 
 in an attentive, cautious, circumlpecl, and 
 «lilieent manner. 
 
 CA'REFULNESS, S, [from carefuJ sn.i 
 rf/sj cautious, diligent, and confiant applica- 
 tion ; heedfulnefs; vigilance. 
 
 CA'RELESS, Adj. (from care and lefs] 
 Without due attention, labour, application, 
 caution, or concern ; without thought, or pre- 
 meditation. 
 
 CA'RELESSLY, Adv. [from careiefs and 
 /)■] without anxiety; without care ; with ne- 
 giipence; in a manner void of care. 
 
 To CARE'SS, V. A. [carf/Jer, F. carex- 
 x.are. Ital. cccnriciar. Span, from rarus, Lat. 
 dear] to embrace with great affection; to 
 treat a perfon with great civility and endear- 
 ments. 
 
 CARE'SS, S [from the vej-b] an embrace 
 of great afleiftion ; an endearing profuficn ot 
 civilities and kind actions. 
 
 CA'RET, S. [caret, Lat. it wants] in 
 Gramm^ir, a mark implying that fomething is 
 omitted in v.riliiig, or printing, which ought 
 to come in where this fign (a) ftands. 
 
 CA'RGO, S. carguaifon, Fr, cargncon, 
 Ital.] the lading of a thip ; all the meictian- 
 <ii7.es and wares on board a {hip. 
 
 CA'RIES, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, the fo 
 lution of continuity in a bone, attended with 
 a wjftc of its fubliance, occafioned hy the cor- 
 lofion of fome acrimonious matter. In popu- 
 lar language, the rottennefs of a bone. 
 CARIO'SITV, S. [fioni earicusl that 
 
 CAR 
 
 quality of a bone, which putrifies and wafie^ 
 its fubftance. 
 
 CA'R10US,Adj. S.[from caries, Lat.] rot- 
 ten, generally applied to bones. 
 
 CA'RMAN, S. [from car, Sax. a cart, and 
 man] one who drives a cart, or keeps carts for 
 hire. 
 
 CA'RMELITE, S. [carme!,Yr.o^ Carmelf 
 the name of a mount] an order of friars; one 
 of (he four tribe; of mendicants, or begging 
 friars, taking both their name and origin 
 from mount Carmel, formerly inhabited by 
 the prophets Elias and Elifha. 
 
 CA'RMINE, S. a very bright red colour, 
 bordering fom.ewhat on a purple, ufcd moftly, 
 on account of its exorbitant price, in minia- 
 ture; and is the fettling of the water into 
 which cochineal, conan, and antour have been 
 rteeped. 
 
 CA'RNAGE, S, [Fr. from camh, genitive 
 of caro, Lat. fiefh] flaughter, havcck, or heaps 
 of bofies llain in battle. 
 
 CA'RNAL, Adj. [ctarnel, Fr. from carnis, 
 genitive oi cato, Lit.] proceeding from, or be- 
 longing to the flefhy part of a man, oppofcd to 
 jpirhual- Figuratively, fenlual, luftful, leche- 
 rous, voluptuous, 
 
 CARNA'LITY, S. [from carnal] luft, 
 wantonnefs, propenfity to luft ; unchafte plea- 
 lure. Figuratively, immerfed in fenfe. 
 
 CA'RNALLY, Adv. [from carnal and /y] 
 in a grois fenfual manner, oppofed to ^irz/tta/. 
 CA'RNATJON, S. [curraridiro, lial. from 
 cart.es, plural of caro, Lat. flefh] in Botany, 
 a fpeciesof theclove-gillyfiowcr. In Painting, 
 a lively red colour, lefembling that of flcfli 
 newiv cut. 
 
 cARNE'LIAN, S. [improperly fpelt cor- 
 nc'iar, as appears from its being derived of 
 caro, Lat. fie(h] in Natural Hiftory, a precious 
 ftoneof which there are three fpecies, a red, a 
 yellow, and a white ; the red fort is again 
 fubdivided into two fpecies, the pale being 
 called the female, and the deep red, the male 
 carnelian. 
 
 CA'RNIVAL, S. [carna-val, Fr.] the fea- 
 fon of mirth and luxury celebrated by the Ita- 
 lians, efpecialiy at Venice, lading ixom 
 Twelfth day to Lent, and attended with ball'--, 
 feafr?, operas, concertos, and every thing which 
 pomp, oftentation, or fel^ivily can furniih. 
 
 CA'RNIVOROUS, Adj. [from carnU, of 
 cato, Lat. flcfh, and -v.ro, Lat. 10 devourj 
 editing fle(h, or that which lives on fleih. 
 
 CA'RNOSITY, S. [carr.ofite, Fr.] in Sur- 
 gery, a tielhy excrefcence, a fungous, or proud- 
 flefh. " Ulcers are healjd, and that cainofitf 
 lei'olved." Wifein. 
 
 CA'RNOUS, Adj. [caro, Lat.] flefliy, ap- 
 plied to animals. In Botany, a foft filbflance 
 fimilar to that of flefh in animals. 
 
 CA'IWL, S. [ca'oUe, Fr. caroUa, Ital. 
 from chorola, Lit. a fmal! choir, or X'^'t"^> ^^' 
 joy] a fcng of joy, exultation of feftivi- 
 ty, applied to the tuftic anthems of countr/ 
 
 fingers
 
 C A R 
 
 ungers at Chriftmas ; any kind of fong. 
 
 To CA'ROL, V. N. [carolan, Ital.] to 
 fing with great joy and feftivity. Actively, 
 to praife in anthems or fongs. 
 
 CARO'USAL, S. [from caroufe] a feftival, 
 or holiday, celebrated with mirth, pomp, and 
 feftivity. " This game, thefc caroujah, Af- 
 canius taught," Dryd. 
 
 To CARO'USE, V. N. [pronounced ca- 
 rcwze I from caroujfer, Fr. carace, Span.^ to 
 drink freely. Aflively, to drink to j to drink 
 a health. 
 
 CARO'USE, S. [pronounced carowxe] a 
 drinking match ; a large draught. 
 
 CARO'USER, S. [from caroufe and er] 
 one who drinks freely ; a toper. 
 
 CARP, S. [carf>e, Fr.] a large frefti-water 
 fifli, remarkable for its being able to live out 
 of water. 
 
 To CARP, V. N. [carfo, Lat,] to cen- 
 fure, find fault wiih, or blame, including the 
 idea of forwardnefs and reproach. 
 
 CARPENTER, S. [cbarper.tkr, Fr.] oqe 
 who performs the feveral offices of cutting, 
 joining, flooring, dr other wood-work, rel<uive 
 to houfes, buildings, or fl)ips. 
 
 CA'RPENTRV, S. [from carpenter zni 
 ty, oi 'Ttc, Sax.] the art of building either 
 houfes or /hips with wood. 
 
 CARPER, S. [fronn carp ini tr] a perfon 
 fond of raifing objeftions j a caviller, or cen- 
 forious perfon. 
 
 CARPET, S. \karpet, B;lg. carpetta, Ital.] 
 a covering of ftuff or other materials, com- 
 monly fpread over tables, or laid on floors. 
 The phrafe of a thing s Wing on the carpet, is 
 to exprefs its being in hand, in debate, or the 
 objedl of confideration. 
 
 To CA'RPET, V. A. to fpread with a 
 carpet. Figuratively, applied v.'iih great ele- 
 gance to the earth, to embellifli or adorn with 
 flowers and herbs. *' Every where carpeted 
 over with grafs." Denham. 
 
 CA'RPING, Part, [from carp'] fond of ca- 
 villing, raifing objettioiis, or finding fault; 
 cenforioiis ; captiuus. 
 
 CA'RPINGLY, Adv. [from carp}r.g and 
 ^] in a captious and cenl'orious manner. 
 
 CARPOCRA'TIANS, S. a branch of ih^ 
 gnoflics, deriving their name from Oirpocratei, 
 who held, that women (hould be commun, 
 Wid that the (oul could not be purified, till it 
 had committed the moft flapranr vices. 
 
 CAR'RAT, S. See CARAT. 
 
 CAR'RaWAY, S. See CARAWAY. 
 
 CA'RRIAGE, ij. [Fr.] a vci.iclc ul'ed to 
 tonvey perl'ons or goods from one place to an- 
 other ; the aft of conveying things from one 
 {>Iice to another; the price paid for the con- 
 veying of goods. Figuratively, perlonal ad 
 drcis and bchav our ; condudt, or p>a£\iccs ; 
 proceedings, or the manner ot tranfai-ling any 
 aftair. The carriage of a cannon is the frame 
 tif tiuiber on which it is mounted. 
 
 ^A'RRIER, S. [Iiom carry and ^r] one 
 
 CAR 
 
 who conveys or moves a thing from one plac' 
 to another; one who conveys goods t'rom oa 
 town or place to another. In Natural Hiftory« 
 a fpecies of pigeons, io called from their car- 
 rying letter?, c^c. tied to tber necks, to the 
 place where they were bred, be it ever fo re- 
 mne. 
 
 CA'RRION, S. \charogre, Fr. carog»a, 
 Ital. caro, Lat.J the flerti of a dead c^rcafs ; 
 any purified flefli not fit for food. Figura- 
 tively, a coarfe, grofs, difagreeable perfon j a 
 term of reproach. 
 
 CA'RRION, Adj. [See the noun] relating 
 to a dead or putrified carcafs ; fee<4ing on dead 
 carcaifes. " A prey for can ion kites ani 
 crows." Skak. 
 
 C.\'RROT, S. [carote, Fr. carota, Ital.] 
 In Botany, a well known kitchen root, called 
 the daucus. It is ranged by Linnaeus in the 
 :d feft. of his :;thclafs. 
 
 CA'RROTY, Adj. red, applied to red- 
 hair'd people, from the refemblance of the 
 colour of their hair to that of a carrot. 
 
 To CARRY, V. A. [charier, Fr. acaiiar, 
 Ital. kiranidan, Perf.] to remove a thing from 
 one place to jmther. Ufed with off, to kili 
 or put an end to a perfon's life. " If the 
 change of the weather had not carried him 
 0^." Temple, To carry on, to profecuce, con- 
 tinue, or perfevere in an undertaking, notwith- 
 ftanding all oppofitions. Joined with through,. 
 to fupport, or enable a perfon to fuftain and 
 fu-rmount. " That grace will carr<i us vicflo- 
 rioufly through ciifficulties." Hammond. 
 
 CART, S. [lart, Brit.] a land-carriage, 
 with two wheels, drawn ty horfer. Figura- 
 tively, any vehicle, or carriage." " Tripto- 
 lemus ftrevved plenty from his carr divine." 
 Dryd. 
 
 CARTEL, 5. [ft. cartdh, Ital.] certaia 
 terms or ftipulations fettled between perlons 
 at varlariie. In War, applied to the conditions 
 made by enemies for the mutual exchange of 
 prifoners. 
 
 CARTER, S. one who drives, and gets 
 his living by driving a cart. 
 
 CA'RTILAGE, S, [cdrtilc'go, Lat.] in 
 Anatom), a fmooth, folid, umtorm, elaftic 
 fubftance. fofter than a bone, but more folid' 
 than any other part, without cavities tor 
 marrow, or any nerves or membranes for 
 fenfation. 
 
 CARTILA/GINEOUS, or CAPvTILA'- 
 GINOUS, Adj. [from csralajrel tonfilting 
 ol cjrtil 'gfs. 
 
 CAR'l O'ON, S. [cartone, Ital.] in Paint- 
 in|», a drawing or Ike'th upon ftrong paper, to 
 be(liaiked through upon a wall, in order to 
 be p lintcd in treffo. 
 
 CaRTO'UCH, S. [f. ri'O^ounced cari 
 toi.'h, Uom cartouche, or ^itrgouch:,Vx.\ ACi^s. 
 ol wood three inches thick ;ii the bottom, girt 
 round with marlin, containing 48 mulket- 
 1>j1!s, and 6 or 8 b..lls of iron of a pound 
 wei[,ht ; being- fiicd out of a hobitj or fmali 
 O • mortar.
 
 CAS 
 
 mortir, for the defence of a pafs ; llkewlfe 
 ule.J for a cartridge. 
 
 CA'RTRAGE, or CARTRIDGE, S. 
 [canouche, Fr.] a charge of powder wrapped 
 up in thick paper, pafle board, or parchment, 
 tor charging fire-arms with the greater expe- 
 di'.ion, 
 
 CA'RTULARY, S..\ (torn chart a, Lat.] 
 a place where papers or records are kept. 
 
 To CARVE, V. A. \(e',rf:n. Sax. kerven, 
 Belg. kcrbe, Teut.J in Sculpture, to cut wood, 
 ftcne, or ether matter, into the fornns of ani- 
 m.ils, vegetable, &c. In Cookery, to cut or 
 divide meat, 
 
 CA'RVER, S. one who forms ftaiue?, or 
 oihtr likeneHes, in wood, ftone, or marble. 
 In Cookery, one who cti's the meat. 
 
 CA'RVING, S. [verbal noun] the art of 
 tutting images, or other likenelTes in wood, 
 ftone, or marble. 
 
 CA'RUNCLE, S. \caruvcuh, Lat.] in 
 Anarrmy, a little piece oi fiefh. The earun- 
 cultv liicb'yrralt^, are two fmall eminences in 
 the inner corners of the eyes. 
 
 CA'SCADE, S. [cauadc, Fr.] a fall of 
 Water from a higher to a lower place. They 
 ire either natural, as thofe of Tivoli ; or ar- 
 tificial, as thofe at Verlaille";. 
 
 CA'SCaN, S. in Fortification, holes or ca- 
 vities, like vvcl s, r-ear a rampart, from whence 
 a galleiy, dug in the fame manner, is con- 
 vesed, to give air to tlie enemy's mine. 
 
 CASE, S. ['■ajji. Fr.] fomething mavU to 
 ccver cr contain a thing j a covering, fheaih, 
 •r bux. 
 
 CASE, S. [cafui, Lat, cat, Yi. cafs, Ital.] 
 the outward iir external condition, ciicura- 
 4ance, or fiate of a perfen ; the ftate ot a 
 thing. In Fhvftc, the ftate of the body. 
 Ufcd with the paiticle /«, and the word gccd, 
 lat or plump, and with the word iad, Jean or 
 emaciated. Jn law, the reprefentation of any 
 faif , fjueftion, or the w hole arguings of coun- 
 fel on a particular point or circu.mftjiTce of a 
 trial. Cafe, in Grammar, implies the various 
 jhanges which nouns in Greek and Latin un- 
 dergo in their feverslnumberSjto exprcfs the Se- 
 veral views OT relations, under which the mind 
 ccnliders things with regard tooneanotber. 
 
 To CASE, V. A, to put in a cafe or cover. 
 Figura'iveiy, to fuiround or inclofe, like a 
 fgjt. '•■ The C'l/ing 3\t." S'raktjp. In Build- 
 ing, to cover with materials different from 
 thofe in the ir>fide. " Caje their houfes with 
 marble, j^lu'llj. To fkin, or ftrip oil' the 
 ikin. " Some fport with the fox, ere we 
 cafe him." KEfi'an. Neuterly, to reprefent 
 an aft'air in all tne various lights it will bear 5 
 to pu; cafes. 
 
 To CASE-HA'RDEN, V. A. [from fa/l- 
 and harden] to prepare iron, fo as to rendei its 
 •ucward furface hard, an^i capable of refifling 
 the file or any e ged tool. 
 
 CA'SEMENT.S. [cafamtnto, lul.] a win- 
 ^v>', opening upun i.ingei. 
 
 CAS 
 
 CASH, S. [t^jj'!'] in Commerce the TtiSf 
 money a perfon is poflelfed of, 
 
 CASHIE'R, S. [pronounced cajheer^» per- 
 fon who keeps the money at a banker's of 
 any public office 
 
 To CASHIE'R, V. A. [pronounced ca- 
 P?eir, from cajltr, Fr.J to difcard ; to deprive 
 a perlon of liis pUce or port for fome mal- 
 prjftice. 
 
 CA'SH-KEEPER, S. one who is entruftei 
 with the money of another. 
 
 CASK, [cafque, Fr.] a round hollow cy- 
 cloiiial vslTcl, ufed for keeping liquors, pro- 
 vifionf, or dry goods. 
 
 CA'SKET, S. a fmall box for jewels, or 
 things of fmall dimenfions, but great value. 
 Figuratively, any thing which contains fome- 
 thing of great value. " Locked up within tha 
 cajket of thy hrealf." Da-vies. 
 
 CA'SPIAN Sea, S. a large colleaion of wi- 
 ter (which fome reckon a lake, as it has no 
 known efflux, or vifible communication with 
 any other fea) l)ing between Tartary and Per- 
 fia, in Afia. It is bounded by Aftracan and 
 Calmuck Tartary on the N. Bccharao and 
 part of Perfia on the E. another part of PerCa 
 on the S. and another pjrt of the fame and of 
 Circaflia on the W. It is fituated betviwen lat, 
 36 deg. 40 min. N. and between long, 47 
 deg. 50 min. E. Its leng'h from N. toS. is 
 upwards of 400 miles ; and its breadth from 
 E, to W. 3C0 ; but in many places much 
 narrow>€r. Though it receives the great river 
 Wolga, and near ico others into its bofotn, 
 it never is increafed or diminifhed ; nor does 
 it ebb or flow, though once in (ixteen years it 
 is obferved to rile leveral fathoms, and to 
 overflow the neighbouring countries ; by 
 which inundation Aftrjcan has fometimes 
 fuftered confiderably. In it are many iflands ; 
 but none large or inhabited, except Enfil near 
 Ter^bad, where are only a few huts for fifher- 
 men. It has varioiis kin>:;s of fifh ; alfo fome 
 good habours, but fit only for fmall craft. 
 
 CaSSA'TION, S. ia Civil Law, the an- 
 nulling or abrogating any procedure. 
 
 CA'SSIA, S. in Botany, a tree growing in 
 Alexandria, and in the WeOIndies, affordin; 
 a clammy lubftance, nfeJ in the fhops for a 
 purge. Likewife a Iragant fpice, fuppofed 
 to be the b^-rk of a tree very like cinnamon. 
 " All thy garments fmell of myrrh, aloes, 
 and Mz/Ta." P[. xlv. 2. 
 
 Ca'^'SSIOWARY, S. a hrge Eaft Indian 
 bird of prey. 
 
 C.I'SSOCK, S. a clofe, long garment, 
 worn by ilertyrr>en, when in their robes, un"- 
 uer tiieir gown. 
 
 To CAST, V. A. [preter and part. pafTive 
 caji ; (tomkaj^cr, Belg. J to throw at a diftaiice 
 from a perlon by the hand. Ta caj} afidt, t» 
 lav by as ufelefs. Ufed with dcwr, to fling or 
 throw from a high place. In Law, to con-* 
 demn, or get the better of an adveifary. /« 
 .AirJiaoetic, l» caji up a fuoi, in order to find
 
 CAS 
 
 its amount. To cajl an eye, to glince, or look 
 at. In Foundery, to tn ike an image, Gff. by 
 pouring metal into a mould. To caf a light , 
 to refledt, or impart. Joined with aivay^ t< 
 wreck or fiiipwrrck, applied to Tea affairs. To 
 be caji doivn, to be difconfolate. low-fpiri;ed 
 or dejefted on account of lome misfortune 
 Ufed with out, to fpeak, give vent to, or uttet 
 with rafhnefs and vehemence. " Why doft 
 thou caft out fuch ungenetous terms V Addij. 
 Cato. Ufed wih u^on, to be driven by vio- 
 lence of the wind or lUefs of we^ther. " Cuji 
 vpon a certain illand." ABi xxvii. 26. 
 
 CAST, S. the aft of throwing a thing at a 
 diftance by the hand". A fpecimen, or ftroke ; 
 a particular motion of the eye ; a throw, or 
 chance of a throw, at dice. In Painting, a 
 ihade or tendency to any colour. 
 
 CA'ST-AWAY, S. a perfon that \i in- 
 volved in a multiplicity of misfortunes, and 
 fetmingly abandoned by Providence. " Left 
 when I have preached to others, I'myfelf 
 fhould be cajl aioay" i Cor. iv. 27. 
 
 GA'STER, S. [from fa/? and e,'\ one who 
 fiings or throws. In Aiiihmetic, one who 
 calculates. 
 
 CASriGA'TION, S. [cajligatum, Lat.J 
 punlflimenl infliftsd on a perfon in order to 
 make him amenl his faul.s j penance, aifci- 
 pline, or corrCclioa. 
 
 CA'STIGATORY, AV). puniflilng, to 
 make a perf'jn amend. 
 
 CA'Sl'ING-KLT, S. a net which i- 
 fptead by throwing it in the water, ufed in 
 fifhing. 
 
 CASTLE, S. [caJiJhim, Ln.] a place or 
 edifice furiified by i.rt or n.iture to de'eni a 
 town or city from an enemy. Cajile!, in the air, 
 imply lome chimerical proje£t 
 
 CA'i i'LE SOAP, S. a corruption of Ctf/?;7e 
 fcaf. 
 
 CASTING. S. the young of a brute ani- 
 mal, whici) is laft before its time. 
 
 CA'STOR and POLLUX, S. in Mereoro- 
 logy, a fiery mcceur, which appejrs in ihe 
 form of one, two, or three balls, adhering 
 to fome part of a fliip. Wiien feen fuigle, 11 
 is named Helena, and /hews that tlse fevereit 
 part of a ftotm is yet to come j when dou'nlc, 
 c^\\\i.6 Caftor and Pollux, and portends a ccUj- 
 tion of a flonn. 
 
 CASTO'REUM, S. [Lit.] in Pharmncy, 
 a liquid matter containea not in the tefticics, 
 but in little bags, near the anus of ihe :.irtur 
 
 To C.VSTR.'\TE, V. A. [cajlro; Lar.J to 
 geld. Figiira"ivi.'ly, to cut feniences out ol 
 any book. 
 
 i-AS'TRATIONr, S. p,elding. 
 
 CA'SUAL, Adj. [djiiel, Ir. from cafi.s, 
 Lat. chance j f>methjng done without defigii ; 
 fomelhing h<(ppenmg contrary to tnc comimiri 
 laws of nature. 
 
 CASUALLY, Aiv. [from cafual ani !y] 
 in an accidental miiinur j wiihjui defign j b) 
 f.haiice. 
 
 C A f 
 
 CASUALTY, S. an event that -s not fore- 
 feen, or intended. Figuratively, any accident 
 which puts an end to a perfon's life. 
 
 CA'SUIST, S. [caftaf.e, Fr ] one wh» 
 Indies and revolves nice points in caf;;S of con- 
 'cience. 
 
 CASUI'STICAL, Adj. belonging to cafes 
 of confcience, 01 practical p.irts of ethics. 
 
 CA'SUISTRY, S. t.he fcience employed 
 about Cifes of confcence, or nice points in 
 pra£tical divinity, or ethics. 
 
 CAT, S. [calh, Brit, chat, Fr.] a domeftic 
 animal, which catches mice, reckoned th« 
 loweft order of the lion fpecies, and fnppofed 
 to fee in the daik, or with the leaf> glimmer- 
 ings oflight, which may be owinp to the fa- 
 culty it has of contra£ling and dil.iting the pu- 
 pil of the eye in an extraordiniry man.ier. 
 Lat in ihe pan, a phrafe ufed for a oerfon's 
 changing fiijes, and cppofmg that inie'elt whichi 
 he before promoted. Cat 0' nine tails, a whip 
 with nine lalhes, ufe.iin punifhing criminals. 
 
 CVTACHRE'SIS, S. [Gr. an abufej iti 
 Rhetoric, a figure wherein the words are wreft- 
 ed too m:jch from their primary fignitication., 
 
 CA'TACHRE'STICAL, Adj. [from catd- 
 chrejli^ appl ed to language, improper 3 iii- 
 l'etch?d ; forced. 
 
 CA'TACOMBS, S. [from ktIx and 
 x'j/u^o;, Gr. hollow] grottoes or fabtc.'raneous 
 cavities for the burial of the dead. 
 
 CATACOU'STICS, S. [from xala and 
 cmovcti, Gr. to hear] the fcience of reflefting 
 founJs or ecchoes. 
 
 C ArALE'PSIS,S.[Gr. from ><.al:t\ay.'xrv^ 
 Gr. to feize upon] a difeafe, wherein a perTon 
 loles the ufrof all his I'enfcs. 
 
 CATALOGUE, S. [K^.Ta\oy!>i, Gr.] a 
 lift or particular enumeration of things in foms 
 order, wherein they are mentioned in fepirate 
 lines or artic'es. 
 
 CA'f^MlTE, S. a perfon kept by the an- 
 ti«nt Romans, and the modern Italians, for the 
 vileft of purpofcs. 
 
 CATAMOUNTAIN, S. a fierce and wili 
 animal, rcf-mbling a cat. 
 
 C A'TAPULT, or CATAPULTA , [Lat ] 
 A militjry engine invt-nted by the Syrians, for 
 ihrowirit; ftoiic.s, and fnmctim.'S hugs daitsoir 
 javrrin'. ol JO or 12 (ei5t in lengfh, 
 
 CATARACT, S. [ from xaTajras-tfa, Gr.] 
 in Natural Hiftory, and Cofrao^raphy, a pre- 
 cipice in the middle of a river, caufed by a r.-'ck 
 I'lopping its flrearn, from vvlience the water 
 Ulh wiih great violence and noifc. Am.injj 
 the m..ft remaikaiije are thofe of the Nife 
 •nd D inube in Europe ; and thai ot Niagara in 
 .America. In Medicine, a total o' partial lo.S 
 , officii t. 
 
 CAT.A.'RRH, S. [from .tj^ra and hci,Cr.] 
 to flrw] in Meiiicine, a ociTuxioii ot feious 
 inatifJ trom the head o» the month, alpera 
 irtena, and rhe lungs, srifingfrom a cold, or 
 Jii.iinuiion of infenlisle perfpiration, which 
 wCCalioft iiritations. 
 
 O 7, CATA'RR'cIAE..
 
 CAT 
 
 €ATAR'IIHAL, or CATAR'RHOUS, 
 
 Adj. proceeding trorn a catarrh, 
 
 CATA'STROPHE, S. [Gr,] in Poetry, 
 the change or revolution in the laft aft of a 
 phy, or the turn which unravels the intrigue, 
 and concludes the piece. Figuratively, a dfcad- 
 fu\ event or accident, which terminates in a 
 perfon's ruin, mifery, Or death. 
 
 CA'TCALL, S. a kind of fliort whiftle, 
 vith J pcd included in its infide, made nfe ot at 
 play hoiifes, to hinder an aftor from proceed- 
 ing in his parr, and to fhew difapprobation of 
 any dramatic performance. 
 
 To CATCH, V, A. fpreter, I catcbed, or 
 taught, I bafe catcbed, or have caught, from 
 ketfen, Bclg.] to feize or lay hold on fudden- 
 ly with the hand. Figuratively, to intercept 
 any thing in motion. " To catch the breeze 
 of breathing air." j4ddif. To purfue, or take 
 any thing that is running from one ; to receive 
 any falling body, or prevent it from reaching 
 the ground j to receive a difeafe by infeftion j 
 |o contradl ; to Ceize fuddenly j to captivate, 
 charm, or feize the affeftions, alluding tothe 
 taking prey in toils. " The foothingarts that 
 Match the fair." Uled neuterly, to be infec- 
 tious ; to fpread by contagion. Figuratively, to 
 fpread or increafe from one to another, applied 
 to bodies orthings which lie near one another. 
 " Does the fedition catcb from man to man." 
 Md,f. 
 
 CATCH, S. [from the verb] the aft of 
 feizing any thing which flies, or hides ; the 
 pofture proper for feizing. " Lay upon a catch.'" 
 ylddif. A taint ; any thing which fallens by a 
 fudden fpring, or by entering into a loop or 
 •avicy, *' The ftf/cA of a door." In Mufic, 
 2 fhort fong, containing fome merry tune, 
 
 CA'TCHER, S, [from catch and er] one 
 who catches, or that in which any thing is 
 ^taught. 
 
 CA'TCH POLL, S. at prefent a word of 
 reproach, and contempt for a bailiff", or his 
 followers ; formerly ufed without reproach for 
 a Cerjeantat mace, or any other, who ufed to 
 arreft men upon any juft caufe. 
 
 C A'TCH-WORU, S, in Printing, the word 
 ■ nderthelartline, at the corner of ii page, with 
 which the next page begins. 
 
 CATECHETI'CAL, Adj. [from xal^;;^'^** 
 Cr.) confiftingof (jueflions and anfwers. 
 
 CATECHETi'CALLY, Adv. by way of 
 •ujpflions and anfueu. 
 
 To CA'TECHISE, V. A. [from ic^lnxiX'-", 
 Gr.] to affC a perfon queftions in order to aif- 
 sover fecrtts ; to examine, interrog;Ue, or 
 qucftion. 
 
 CA'TECHIZER, S. [from cau:hif(it\d er] 
 one who teaches a perfon, or tries whether he 
 can fiy his catecbifin ; one who queftions, ex- 
 amines, or endeavours to make difcoveries by 
 queftions. 
 
 CA'TECHISM, S. the peculiar doarines 
 or articles of Chriftianity, drawn by way of 
 i^uefliun anvi anfwer* T^is method of inflruc 
 
 CAT 
 
 tion was pfaftifed even by the Jewf, m5, ■•* 
 to mention it being adopted by Socrates, by 
 almoft all nations. 
 
 CA'TECHIST, S. [xalji^if);, Gr.] one 
 who teaches or inftruifts perfohs in the firft 
 principles of religion, by way of <|ueftion and 
 anfwer. 
 
 CATECHU'MEN, S. f)ta7«x»";uivoj] in 
 the Primitive Church, a candidate for baptifm* 
 CATECHU'MENICAL, Adj. belonging 
 to a catechumen. 
 
 CATEGO'RICAL, Adj. [from category} 
 pofnive ; abfolute ; affirmative j adequate. 
 
 CATEGO'RICALLY, Adv. in a pofitive, 
 exprefs, abfolute manner. 
 
 CA'TEGORY, S. [xJnyoji*, Gr.] in Lo- 
 gic, a fyftem or alfemblage of ail the beings 
 ranged under one kind or genus, called in 
 Latin a predicament. 
 
 CA'TENARIAN, Adj. [from catena, Lat.] 
 relating to a chain ; refembling a chain. In 
 Mathematics, the Catenarian Curve is formed 
 by a rope ot chain hanging freely between twa 
 points whereon its extremities are fattened. 
 
 CATENATION, S. [fromMf^na, Lat. a 
 chain] the ad of linking together, or con- 
 taining like a chain. 
 
 To CA'TER, V. N. [SeeCATES] to 
 provide food ; to buy in viftuals. 
 
 CA'TERER, S. a man employed to pro- 
 vide and buy in victuals for a family. 
 
 CA'TERESS, S. a woman who buyj in 
 provifions for a family. 
 
 CA'TERPILLER, S. in Natural Hiftory, 
 a reptile, from whence butterflies or moths 
 are produced, covered with hair, formed of 
 annular fcales, having fmall holes on its fidea 
 for refpiraiion, with feveral feet, andfurnifli- 
 ed with a glutinous fubftance, which it emits 
 from its mouth, and makes ufe of as ropes to 
 defcend from any height. 
 
 To CA'TERWAUL, V. N. to make a 
 noife like csisin their rutting time. Figura- 
 tively, to make a difagreeablc noife ; to aban- 
 don One's fclf to luft. 
 
 GATES, S. [katter, Belg.] nice and ele- 
 gant food ; cakes ; or rich dirties. 
 
 CATHA'R PINGS, S. fmall ropes in a 
 (hip, running on little blocks from one fide of 
 the fhrouds to the other, near the deck. 
 
 CATHA'RTIC, or CATHA'RTICAL, 
 Aoj. [from xaSa^jawj, of Ka9cufx, Gr. to 
 cleanfe] cleanfing. Applied in Medicine to 
 purges, or tiiofe medicines which cleanfe the 
 body by ftool ; but in a more extenfive fenfe^ 
 to all kiudsof medicines which cleanfe the bo- 
 dy. Figuratively, any thing which cleanfes 
 the body from impurities. " Cathartics o( the 
 mind " Dec. cf Piety, 
 
 CATHA'RTICALNESS, S. the quality 
 of cleanfing, or purging. 
 
 CA'THEAD, S. in Natural Hiftory, a fof- 
 fil, confifUng of nodules with leaves in it, of 
 an iron Itene, and found in the rocks near 
 Wiiitehive.a, aad Cumberland. 
 
 CATHE'
 
 C A V 
 
 CATHE'DRAL, Adj. [horn catbtdri:,Lst. 
 x«5eJ/>a, Gr.j epifcopal, or containing the fee 
 er Teat of a bi/hop ; belonging to a cathedral. 
 
 CATHE'DRAL, S. [from xaflsJfa, Gr. a 
 feat] the chief church of a diocefe, where the 
 fervice is fung. 
 
 CATHETER, S. [Or.] in Surgery, a 
 hollow probe or inftrument, ufually of filver, 
 and fometimes crooked, generally thruft up 
 the bladder to aflift the difcharge of urine, 
 when the paffage is ftopt by the ftene, or any 
 other diforder. 
 
 CATHE'TUS, S. in Geometry, a perpen- 
 dicular, or a line falling perpendicularly on 
 another line, or furface. In Architefture, a 
 line fuppofed to crofs the middle of a cylindri- 
 cal body, as a column, &c, 
 
 CA'THOLIC, Adj. fxa9o^ixof, Gr. unl- 
 verfal. UCed fometimes for true, in oppofi- 
 tion to heretical or fchifmatical. Roman Ca- 
 tholic, is a title which the papifts claim or ar- 
 rogate to themfelves. Catholic king, or mayfly, 
 Is the title of the king of Spain. 
 
 CATHO'LICON, S. in Medicine, a re- 
 medy which cures all dirorders. Figuratively, 
 that which isan univerfal prefervative." — The 
 contemplation of the laft judgment. This is 
 indeed a catbolicon againft all fins." Gcv. of 
 the 7ongue. 
 
 CA'TLING, S. [kats kins, Teut.] in Sur- 
 gery, a difmembering knife, ufed for cutting 
 off any corrupted part of the body. In Boia- 
 ny, the down or mofs growing about walnui- 
 trees, refembling the hair of a cat. 
 
 CATO'PTRICAL, Adj. [hom catoptric] 
 relitlng to catooirics, or vilion by reflection. 
 
 CATOTTRICS, S. [from xaToTrT^oi/, Gr.] 
 the doftrine of reflex vifion ; or that part of 
 optics which treats of, or delivers the laws of, 
 light refle£led from mitrorsor polifhedfurfaces. 
 
 CAT'S-EYE,S. among jewellers, a ftone of 
 the opal kind, but far interior to it in bpauty. 
 
 CA'T'S-SILVER, S. in Natural Hiftory, 
 a foffil compofed of plain, parallel, fltrxit>le, 
 elaftic plates, an i of a yellow or golden, white, 
 lilvety, or black colour. 
 
 CA'TTLE,S.acolle£live noun for four-foot- 
 ed animals, which ferve either for tilling the 
 ground, or for food to mankind 5 diftinguifhed 
 into black cattle, which comprehend horfef, 
 ojcen, bulls, cows, and their young; ani 
 likewife into Jmall cattle, under which arc 
 comprehended rams, ewes, lambs, gna's, &c. 
 Figuratively, p:rfons ; a word of reproach 
 and contempt, as it places the human fpeties 
 on a level with brutes. 
 
 CA'VALCADE, S. [from cai'alcade, Fr.] 
 a pompous proceffion on horfeback, or in 
 coaches. 
 
 CA^VALIER, S. [cavalier, Fr.] a knight, 
 gentleman, or foldier who rides on horfeback ; 
 a horfeman. Figuratively, a term of reproacff* 
 given to thofe who adhered to king Charles in 
 the great rebellion. 
 
 CA'VALIER, Adj. [fr^m the fubft.] gay, 
 
 C A V 
 
 fprlghtly, warlike, brave, generous, politp. 
 Sometimes in a quite contrary fenfe, /. e. proud, 
 haughty, difdainful. 
 
 CA'VALIERLY, Adv. in a brave or po- 
 lite manner. But, by the writers in king 
 Charles's time, ufed for a difdainful, haughty, 
 and arrogant manner. 
 
 CA VALRY, S. [caiialiere, Fr. cavaliere, 
 Ital.] foldiers who fight and maich on horfe- 
 back, divided into horfe and dragoons. The 
 horfe never ferve but on horfeback, being 
 named likewife troopers, ot hia^vy cavalry. The 
 dragoons fight either on horfebaftc or on foot, 
 as occafion requires, and are named light horfe. 
 When an army is drawn up in battle array, 
 ihe ca-vjilryzt^ ported in the wings ; and bodies 
 of cavalry, ranged in order of battle, are term- 
 ed fqiiadrons. 
 
 _ To CAVA'TE, V. A. [from cai-atum, fu- 
 pine of cave, Lat.] ts fcoop, bore, or dig any 
 folid matter into a hollow ; to m ike hollow. 
 
 CA'UDLE, S. [chaiieau, Fr.J a liquor 
 fometimes made with beer, oatmeal, fcfi:. fome- 
 times with water, oatmeal, fpices, and a fmall 
 dafh of wine, ufed by women in their lying- 
 in, being both diaphoretic and balfamic, and 
 adminiftered with fuccefs to thofe who have 
 the fmall-pox. 
 
 To CAU'DLE, V. A. to make caudle ; to 
 mix as caudle. Figuratively, to have the ef- 
 fe£ts or properties of caudle. " Can the cold 
 brook-T-canilied with ice, caudle thy morning 
 tafle ?" Shake fp, 
 
 CAVE, S. [cave, Fr.] a hollow place made 
 in a rock, or under ground, which runs in an 
 horizontal direction. Figuratively, an hollow 
 thing. " The fa7« of the eye." Bacon. 
 
 To CAVE, V.N. [from the noun] to 
 dwell in a cave, or fubterraneous place. " Such 
 as we caTe here, haunt here." Shakefp. 
 
 Ca'VEAT, S. [La^] in Law, a kind of 
 procel's in the fpiritual court to flop the pro- 
 bate of a will, the granting letters of admini- 
 ftration, or the inffitution of a clerk to a be- 
 nefice, fife. Roll. Rep. 191. 
 
 CA'VERN, S. [caverna, Lat.] a hollow 
 place under ground. 
 
 CA'VERNED, Adj. full of caverns ; hol- 
 low ; undermiiUd. Figuratively, dwelling in 
 a cavern. " tio cavern d hermh.^'' Pope. 
 
 CA'VERNOUS, Adj. full of caverns, or 
 hollow places un.ier ground, 
 
 CAVETTO, S. [Ital. from cavus,,L3t. 
 hollow] a hollow member, or round concave 
 moulding, containing a quadrant or quarter of a 
 circle. 
 
 CAUGHT, P-irticiplepreterof Catfb. 
 
 CA'VIARE, CA'VEARE, orCA'VlER, 
 S. [caviare, Ital.] the hard roes of fturgeoi* 
 lahed, made into fmall cakes, and dri-id in the 
 fun. 
 
 To CA'VIL, V. N. [caviller, Fr. caviUari, 
 Ital.] to raife frivolous objections. 
 
 CA'VIL, S. a groundlefs or frivolous ob- 
 jection. 
 
 O 3 CAVIL-
 
 CA U 
 
 CAVILLA'TlON, or CAVJLLINQ, S, a 
 difpofition, ii cliration, or quality of raifinf 
 gj^undlefs objf£\ion?, or finding f«u!t with 
 thinjjs withovit reafrn. 
 
 CA'VjLLLR, S. one wl o make' cround- 
 lefs, frivniuu?, or impertinent obif<fi'.ons. 
 
 CA'VILUNGLY, Adv. objefting in t 
 groundlefs or (tivolous manner. 
 
 CA'VILLOUS, Adj fond of objefling, or 
 ftartinp grounoiefs objidHons. 
 
 CA'VIN, S. [Fr. from ca-ve] a natural 
 hollow, fit to cover a body of troops, and f<i- 
 vtur their approaches. 
 
 CA'VITY, S [ca-vitas,^ Lat.J hollowr.ers ; 
 a hollow; a htllcw piece. 
 
 CALK, S. in Natural Hif.ory, a coarfe 
 f!a!ky fpir. 
 
 CAU'KV, Adj. reTembling, or partaking 
 of the qualities of cauk. 
 
 CAUL, S. \cau/, Brit.] a kind of netting, 
 or hair cap, iif«cl by women to inclife their 
 hjir in ; the hinder part of a woman's cap ; 
 the filk nt Cling in the infide of a wig. on 
 which the rows of curls are fewed. Figur:'. 
 tively, a kind of net. In .Anatomy, the o- 
 mentum, or reticulum, a rr.errbrane in 'he 
 abdomen. Likewife a membrane (our.d on 
 the hsa.* of feme children at their birth. 
 
 CAULKFEROUS, Acj. in Botany, applied 
 ^D fwih plan's as have a true fialk. 
 
 CAULI/FI.OWFPs., S. [generally pro- 
 nounced f;//'y?-.>jf["»-. imm C'.juhs, Lat. a ftalk, 
 ani!y;,;it'f J lii Botany, a ipecies of cabbage : 
 this plant was brought from Cypn^s, and not 
 raifed to furh perftdtion as to be !old in a mar- 
 ket till i6So. 
 
 ■ To CAULK, V. A. See CALK, whichis 
 the moft proper fpelling. 
 
 ■ CAU'.SaCLE, Adj. [from Mr,/f and a/'iVj 
 that which may be produced or eft'i:<ned. 
 
 CAUSE, S. \cauje, Fr. of ca-./j, Lat. J that 
 which makes a thing begin to be ; th^t whic!) 
 produces anv thing. A Jirft (aufe, is thai 
 ■\\ hith operatt sof iilelf, and from its o«n pro- 
 per power cr virtue. A fecndary cauje, is that 
 which derives its pqwertrom Tnie other. Fi- 
 gurstively, the real'on or motive for any un- 
 dertaking. In a Lav/ Senfe, the inailer in 
 difprne, or fu'b'"edl of a lavv-luit j fometimes a 
 law-t'uit. 
 
 ■ To CAUSE, y. A. to produce any effea ; 
 t ef;e£>. ■" 
 
 CAU'SELESLY, Adv [from f^jr^/if;} and 
 ly\ in a grourdlel's inani-.er; without founda 
 tion : WMhcut reafcn ; urjullly. 
 
 C.'VU'SF.LESS, Adj <fe"rived fromnocaufe. 
 .^' IWi ca:ijclcjs power the caufe of all things 
 known." A/i>.' "Without juft grounds, rea- 
 fons, or motives. " My fears aie caitjehfs and 
 ungrrunded." Derkam. 
 ' CAV'SER, S. [ixcm cauJe znA er] hf that 
 proiuce', or the apent by yvhich any thing is 
 cfi'eif.ed or produced. 
 
 ■ C.AU'SFY, or CAU'SEWAY, S. a maf- 
 Jive cuHcilion of i^ones, flakes, and fAinet, 
 
 C E L 
 
 bricks, broken tilej, and lumber; or an cl-s- 
 vation of vifcous earth well beaten together, 
 I'erving as a natrow road or path in wet of 
 marftiv places. 
 
 Ca'U'STIC, or CAUSTICAL, A^j,[xal«, 
 Gr.] in Meoicir.e, that which operates like 
 fire, both with reipi-ft to the heat it occafions, 
 ?nd the coniuniption it caufes in the parts to 
 which It is iopiied. 
 
 CAU'STIC, S. in Medicine, a remedy 
 which operates like fire, by deltroying the 
 vciTels of the part to which it is applied. It is 
 ufed to eat cfl'' proud flflh, .''ungus's, fefr. 
 
 CA'UTELOUS, Adj. [cauteleux, Fr.] wa- 
 ry, cautious, circum^pe£t. Sometimes ufed in 
 a bad fente for wily, cunning, treacherous. 
 " They are fo cauiehus and wily-headed." 
 S^erjfr. 
 
 C.'\UTERlZA'TION, S. [fn^m cauterize} 
 the adl of conlumirg flffti by burning hot 
 iron?, cr canflic mt-dicines. 
 
 To CA'UTERIZE, V. A. [cauterifer, Fr.] 
 in Surgery, to eat or confume a part by the 
 "Pplication of a cautery. 
 
 CAl'TERY, S. See CAUSTIC. 
 CA'UTIONr, S. [Fr. ca^ti,, Lat J a pru- 
 dfnt manner of afting j warinefsj forefi^ht } 
 warnine, 
 
 CA'UTIONARY, Adj. given as a pledge, 
 or a fecurity, 
 
 CA'UTiOUS, Adj. [from cactus, Lat.] 
 guardine againft any lulpedted trick j wary j 
 watchful. 
 
 C A'UTIOUSLY, Adv. in a wary manner, 
 oppofed to i.-'ilinefs. 
 
 ' CA'UTIOUSNESS, S, the quality of tak- 
 ing fuch me^fures as nuy prevent any misfor- 
 tune ; a prudent, wary condu(ft. 
 
 To C A'W, V. N. [formed from the found] 
 to mske a no fe like a crew, r?ven, or rook. 
 
 To CEASE, V. N. fcr/ler, Fr. from .#, 
 Lat.] to former or rtifuniinue an a<fHoii or 
 cuftoin 3 petfon is < ng-iged in. To reft, uftrd 
 w'nhJ'riDri. Ailively, to put a flop or an end 
 to. 
 
 CEASE, S. death, or txtlnaion, "The 
 ceiife ol majefiy." 
 
 CE'ASELESS, Adj. [frem ceafe anH !efs] 
 without fliip, inierniiflion, paufe, lefpite, or 
 dircontinti..r,f n ; wirhou' end. 
 
 CECU/TIFNCY, S. {cctcuflenfia, Lzt.J a 
 ter.dency to blindnefs j a dimnefs of fight. 
 
 CL'DAR, S. [cetJiu!:, Lat. J in Botany, a 
 famous tree, a native of nioum Lilianus, men- 
 tioned in Scrii'tu'c as remdrkabie for its 
 height, and the extent of it": branches. It is an 
 ever green, prodigious thick, and relembles a 
 pyramid. 
 
 CE'DRTNE, A-j [n^rinus, Lat.] of or be- 
 lonp.int to ihe tejar -'ee. 
 
 To CEIL, V. A, [colo, Lat. J to overlay, 
 or cover the inner root of a building. 
 
 CE'ILING, 5. [from ai/l the upper part 
 or roof of a roi m. 
 
 To CE'LEBRATE, V. A. [cMro, Lat.]
 
 C E M 
 
 t© make honour.ible mention of; to make a 
 thing famous. Figurativc-ly, to praife or com- 
 rnend; toenumer^te the blelTings received from 
 the Divine Beinj.', with a heart lull of graiitnd ; 
 to perform the folemn rites appropriated to 
 any particular day or feftival, 
 
 CELEBRA'TION, S. [from cekbratum, of 
 tekbro, Lat.J the performance of any rite ap- 
 propriated to fonne feftival ot folemnity. Figu- 
 ratively, praife, fame, renown, memorial, or 
 honourable mention. 
 
 CELE'BRIOUSLY, Adv. in a famous 
 manner; in fuch a manner as to communi- 
 cate fame. 
 
 CELE'BRIOUSNESS, S. [from celebrlous, 
 and nefs] renown, fdme, or qualities which are 
 the cbjefts of efteem and approbation. 
 
 CELE'BRITY, S. [ale^ntas, Lat.] the 
 ■performing of any rite ; renown; fame. "The 
 manner oi her leceivmg, and the ahhrity of 
 the marriage.''' Bacon. 
 
 CE'LERITY, S. [ukrUas, Lat.] fwiftnefs 
 ••f motion; velocity; rapidity. 
 
 CE''LERY, S. in Botany, a fpecles of parf- 
 ley. 
 
 CELESTIAL, Adj. [c^elefts, Lat. from 
 ccelum, heaven] in the heavenly regions; be- 
 longing to heaven, or angelical. U(ed fub- 
 ftantively for an inhabitant of heaven " The 
 unknown ce/ejiial \eath.'^ Papers Ody£'. 
 
 CELE'STJALLY, Adv. in a heavenly 
 manner, oppofed to earthly. 
 
 To CELL'STIFY, V. A. [from ccelefth, 
 Lat. heavenly, and Jio, to become] to cr^m- 
 municate or endue with the properties oi hea- 
 ven. " Earth but heaven cdijlified.'''' Brown. 
 
 CELI'BACY, S. [i'iom caW's, Lat.J the 
 unmarried orfingle ftate, oppofed to marriage. 
 CE'LIBATE, S. [c^libatus, Lat.] a fingle 
 life ; the fame dS celibacy. 
 
 CELL, S. [ce!/a, Lat. from xciXft?, Gr, 
 holiaw] a hollow place; a little houfe, apart- 
 ment, or chamber, wherein the ancient monks 
 •ufed to dwell i.n their retiiement ; a fmall or 
 clofe apartment in a prifon. In Anatomy, 
 little bags, bladders, or cavities wherein fluids, 
 or other humours are lodged. In Botany, the 
 partitions or hollow places in the hufks or 
 pods of plants, which cantain the feeds. In 
 Natural Hiftnry, the little divifions, or par- 
 titions of bee-hives, in which the honey is 
 flored. 
 
 CE'LLaR, S. [ce!/a, Lat, kelhr, Belg. and 
 Teut. KciXof, Gr. hollow] in Building, a place 
 under- ground for keeping itores, orilie loweJl 
 room of a houfe. 
 
 CE'LLARAGE, S. the part of a building 
 appropriated to cellars ; cellar- room. 
 
 CELLU'LAR, Adj. \ce!lula, Lat. a littj. 
 fell, a diminutive from ce//a, Lat. a cell] con 
 fifting of, or abounding in little cells or cavities 
 ■ CEMENT, S. [c-fmentum, Lat.J any glu- 
 tinous lubftance ufed to (lick two bodies toge 
 ;het. Figuratively, that which, unites, or 
 i-Qtces axi unioit beiween things. 
 
 C E N 
 
 To CEMENT, V. A. to unite by fome 
 glutinous fubftance, fuch as mortar, (S'c. 
 Figuiatively, to unite (iiflerent people in the 
 bonds of friendflitp, or by fome common tie 
 of intereft, &c. 
 
 To CE'MENT, V. N. to join together, (o 
 a-, not to be eafily divided. In Surgery, ap- 
 [•■licd to broken bones. 
 
 CEMENTA'TIOK, S, the aft of joining 
 bodies together by cement. 
 
 CE'METRY, S. [xo;,mtit>jjjov, Gr.] a pla«« 
 wherein the bodies of the dead are buried ; a 
 church -yjrri, or burying grownd, 
 
 CF.'NOTAPH, S. [from kevo,-, and rafof, 
 Gr.] an honorary monument erefted for a per-* 
 fon, whofe remains are buried in .-mother 
 place ; fuch are mort of the monuments io 
 Weflmin'^er-abbey. 
 
 ToCENSE, V,A.[i?7:fM/<T, Fr.] to perfume 
 with incenfe, Uled only in I'octry. 
 
 CE'NSF.R, S. [erce^fcire, Fr.J the pan or 
 velTel in which inceiife is burnt. 
 
 CE'NSOR, S. [Lat.J a Roman magiflrate, 
 employed to fiuvey and rate the people, and to 
 infpett and corredt their manners. Ufed by 
 moderns to fignify a perfon given to find fauit 
 with and ccnfiire the condudV, aiftions, or pro- 
 dtiftions of others, 
 
 CENSO'RIAN, Adj. [from wn/or] relat- 
 ing to a cenfor. 
 
 CENSO'RlOlfS, Adj. morofely animad- 
 verting on the faults of others, Ufed with of, 
 or upon, before the objeft of cenfure. " Cen- 
 forious ofh^s neighbours." IVatts, " Cenfarious 
 upon all his : rethren." Siv'ift. 
 
 CENSO'RIOUSLV, Adv. in a fevere man- 
 ner; in fuch a manner as to condemn the foibles 
 of others with the greateft rigour. 
 
 CENSO'RIOUSNESS, S, a difpofitlon cf 
 finding fault with the actions of others. 
 
 CE'NbOR ^HIP, S. the office of a cenfor; 
 or the time during which he continued in hie 
 ofRcs. 
 
 CE'NSURABLE, Adj. [from .«w>re aniii 
 able] liable to be found fault with; worthy of 
 cenliire ; blameabie. 
 
 CE'NSURABLHNESS,S the quality which 
 makes a thing the objedt ot blame or cenfure. 
 CE'NSURE, S. i««;«ra, Lat. j the adl of 
 blaming, or noting the detects which make an^y 
 thing blameable ; a reproof or reprimand given 
 by a perfon m authority. In F.cclefiaftic Go- 
 vernment, a punifliment inflicted on a perfon 
 tor tome remarkable mifdemcanor. 
 
 To CE'NSURE, V. A. to reprove a perfon 
 publicly for fome mifdemeanor, applied to 
 ti>e reproofs of a fuperior ; to reprimand ; 
 blame ; or find fault with. 
 
 CE'NSURER, S, [from cerfure znA er] a 
 peiCm who IS fond ot taking notice ot the 
 taults of others; one who is addidled to re- 
 proving others for their delefts. 
 
 CENT, S. [an abbreviation of centum, Lat ] 
 
 in Cnmtr.crce, ufeJ toexprels the profit or lo f* 
 
 arilmg from the falc of asy commodity, the 
 
 O 4 raL«
 
 C E N 
 
 jrafe of commiiiion, exchange, or the intcren 
 ot money, £fc. and fignifics the proportion or 
 fum loft, i^c. in every lOO j thus lo per cent. 
 lofs implies, that the feller hath loft ten pounds 
 on every loo pounds of the price forwh'.ch he 
 boii'iht 'he rommodity. 
 
 CE'NTAUR, S. [centaurui, Lat.] an ima- 
 ginary, or chimerical being, reprefented, by an- 
 cient poets, as compofed partly of the human 
 and partly of the brute fpecies, i. e. half a man 
 and half a hurle. In Aftronomy, a cop.flella- 
 tion in the fouthern hemifphere, joined with 
 th''Wnir, conraining thirteen ftirs. 
 
 CE'NTO, S. [Iral. and Lit. a cloak made 
 of patchesj in Poetry, a piece wholly compofed 
 of verfes from ether authors, wherein fome- 
 times whole lines, and at others, half verfes, are 
 borroweJ, but fet down in a new order, and 
 applied to a fubie£l different from that in which 
 thev were originaUy introduced. 
 
 CE'NTRAL, Adj. [from centre] relating to 
 the centre, or placed in the centre. " Central 
 earth." Pcfe. Darkeft, or as dark as at the 
 centre of the earth. " Cerirra/ ni^ht." Par. 
 Z'Oji. Central forces, are thofe by which a body 
 tends to, or removes from the centre. 
 
 CE'NTRALLY, Adv. entirely ; perpendi- 
 cularly; in 3 manner relating to the centre of 
 gravity. " The whole weight refts centrally 
 upon if." Dryd. 
 
 CE'NTRE, or CENTER, S.[«i/r«m, Lat.] 
 3n its primary fe.Tl'e, •» point equally remote 
 from either of the eiiremities of a line, figure, 
 or body \ or the point or middle of a line or 
 plane, which divides it into two equal parts. 
 The center of a c'lrc'c, is a point within ii, from 
 u hence all lines drawn to the circumference a re 
 equal. Ccr.ier ofgra'V'tai'cr. or a:fra&ion,is that 
 point to which a planet is im.pcUed in its mo 
 tion by the foice of gravity. Centre cf gravity, 
 IS that point ahout which all the paits of a 
 body, in any fituation, ballance each other. 
 Centre if moiion, is that point wh'ch remains at 
 reft, while all the other pirts of a body move 
 about it. Centre if ci^iUation, i' that point in 
 •which, if the whole gravity of the pendulum 
 were collcdled, the time of its vibration would 
 receive no alteration. Centre if pfrcuj/ion, is 
 that point in which the force of a flioke is the 
 frsateft poiTible, Centre is u'ed figuratively, for 
 the earth, in the Ptohmiic fyftemplaced in the 
 centre, " The heavi-ns ihemfelves, (he planets, 
 and this eentre^ Siak, 
 
 To CENTRE, V. A. to fix on, or as a 
 centre J to attend to, or be colleftcd together, 
 as in a centre. " Thy joys are c:,:trfd all en 
 me alone.'* Prior. Ufed neuierly, to meet, 
 III; e rays in a centre; to l:e placed in the centre 
 of the mundane fyftfm. " So thou cen- 
 t'lin;-, receiv'ft from all thefe orb'." Par. ^oj} 
 
 CENTRITETAL, Adj. [from centrum, 
 Lat. and f:c:c, Lat. to tend towards] tending 
 towards the cent>e._ Centripetal force, is that 
 by which a body tends, ads, or, is impelled 
 towards the centre. 
 
 C E R 
 
 CE'NTRY, S. See SE'NTRY, or SEN- 
 TINEL, 
 
 To CENTU'RIATE, V. A.[««/ur;»,Lat.] 
 to c'ivide into hundreds. 
 
 CENTURIA'TOB, S. [from centuridte'] an 
 hifiorian who divides time into centuries, or 
 fpaces confiding of an hundred ye»rs. 
 
 CENTU'RION, S. [centurio, Lat.] a mi- 
 litary ofiicer among the Romans who conn- 
 m-indtd an hundred men. 
 
 CE'NTURY, S. [centurij, Lat.] the fpace 
 of a hu-ndred years, applied to time. A hun- 
 dred men, anplied to perfons, 
 
 CE'PH.ALALGY, S. [from x;<f>»H Gr, 
 a head, and a?.yvi, pain] the head-ach. 
 
 CEPHA'LIC, Adj. [from xifx\n, Gr. the 
 head] in Mecicine, remeaies for diforders ia 
 the head. 
 
 CE'RaTE, S. [from cera, Lat. wax] in 
 Medicine, a kind of d-.ff ointment, made of 
 oil, wax, and other ingredients, ufed exter- 
 nally. 
 
 CE'-RATED, Adj. [ceratus, Lat.] covert^ 
 with wax, or cerate. 
 
 To CERE, V. A. [from cera, Lat. vwax] 
 to rub upon, or cover with wax. " Brown 
 thre.id cered.^'' }Vifem. 
 
 CE-'REBEL, S. [cerebellum, hit. ] the hin- 
 der p?rt of the brain. 
 
 CE'REBRUM, S, [Lat.] the brain, pro- 
 perly fo called. See BRAIN- 
 
 CE'RECLOTH,S. a cloth covered or fprea^ 
 with cerate or other ointment. 
 
 CE'REMENTS, S. [from cera, Lat. wax] 
 cloths dipped in mehed wax or gums, in which 
 dead bodies were formerly wrapped when em- 
 balmed. 
 
 CEREMO/NIAL, Adj. [from ceiemony] 
 that which relates lo a ceremony, or externa^ 
 rite. Figuratively, cenfifting in mere exter- 
 nal fliow; formal. Subllantively, an external 
 rite, or book contjjning the ceremonies to be 
 obferved in religion", wotlhip. 
 
 CERE.MO'NIALNESS, S. the quality of 
 abounding in external rite', and modes of wor- 
 iTiip ; the mere external /hew of devotion, piety 
 or virtue. 
 
 CEREMO'NIOUS, Adj. [from ceremonyl 
 confining in external or outward rites ; fuper- 
 ftitious, or fond of ceremonies; formal; too 
 much given to the prad^ire of external afls of 
 civility and polite addrefs. Figuratively, aw- 
 ful. " O the facrifice, how ctremonioui, fo- 
 lemn, and unearthly." Sl.ak. 
 
 CEREMONIOUSLY. Adv. in a politq 
 and civil manner. 
 
 CEREMO'NY, S. [certmr,nia, Lat.] aa 
 afi'cmbhge of ftveral aftions, forms and cir- 
 cumflances, in order to render a thing mora 
 folemn ; an outward rite, or external form in 
 religion; polite addrefs. 
 
 CE'RTAIN, Adj. [certus, Lat.] that 
 which cannot be denied without obftinacy ; 
 refolved, er determined j fure, fo as to admi; 
 no doubt, 
 
 P'R-
 
 C E S 
 
 CE'RTAINLY, Adv. without doubt, quef- 
 tion, fcruple, or fail. 
 
 CE'RTAINTY, S. [from certain] divided 
 by Metaphyficians, into cirtmnty of truth, 
 which is when words arc fo put together in 
 propofitions,as exaftlytoexprefs the agreement 
 or difagreement of ideas, as exprefled in any 
 propofition. '2.^\'j,Ceita]ntyofkno'wledge, which 
 is the perceivingihe agreement or difagreement 
 of ideas, as exprefied in any propofition; this 
 is called the incwing or being certain of the 
 truth of any propolition. A phyjica/ certainty 
 is that which depends on the evidence of fenfe. 
 A mathematical certainly, is that which no man 
 any ways doubts of, as that loo is more than i. 
 A moral certainty, is that whofe proof depends 
 on a due connexionof circumftanceSjandclear- 
 nefs of teftimony; and when thefe concur, 
 cannot be doubted of without obftinacy. Fi- 
 guratively, an event which muft neceflarily 
 and unavoidably happen. 
 
 CERTKflCATE, S. [r^rn/f/o, low Lat.to 
 certify] a teftimony given in writing, to certify 
 or make known any truth. Figuratively, any 
 teftimony. 
 
 To CERTI'FIE, or CERTIFY, V. A. 
 [certifier, Fr.] to give certain notice of a thing. 
 
 CERTIORA'RI, S. [Lat.] a writ iffued 
 out of the Chancery or court of King's Bench, 
 dire£led to an inferior court, to call up the re- 
 cords of a caufe there depending. 
 
 CE'RTITUDE, S. [certitude, Lat.] an afl 
 of the judgment, importing the adhefion cf 
 the mind to the propofition it affirms, or the 
 ftrength of evidence which occafioni thatadhe- 
 fion ; free from doubt. See CERTAINTY. 
 
 CERVI'CAL, Adj. [cer-vicalis, Lat.] be- 
 longing to, or fituated in the neck; the cer'vi- 
 cal ner-vez and 'vejj'eh, in Anatomy, are fo call- 
 Cii from their being fituated in the neck. 
 
 CE'RVJX, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the 
 hind part of the neck, oppofed to the jugulum, 
 throat, or fore-part. 
 
 CERU'LEAN, or CERU'LEOUS, Adj. 
 [cArukus, Lat.] blue, or /ky-blue. 
 
 CERU'MEN, S. [Lat.j ear-wax. 
 
 CE'RUSSE. S. Iceruja, Lat.] white-lead 
 reduced to a powder, diluted with water on 
 porphyry, and formed into a pifte. 
 
 CES ADRIAN, Aflj. [from Cafar] 'n Ana- 
 tomy, the cefareanfefiion, is the cutting a child 
 from its mother's womb, either dead or alive. 
 
 CESS, S. a tax; the aft of levying rates, 
 or taxing. 
 
 CESSA'TJON, S. [cfjjatio, Lat.] .1 paufe, 
 reft, ftop, or vacation, including the idea of 
 a change from a ftaie of aftivity or moiion to 
 its contrary, that of reft. Figuratively, a truce, 
 or forbearance of hoftile afts between two ar- 
 mies, without a peace. 
 
 CESSA'VIT, S. in Law, a writ which lies 
 apairifta perfon who has not paid his rent, or 
 performed his due fervice for the fpaceof two 
 years, and has not fufFicient goods and chattels 
 Ifl make an equivalent diftiefs. 
 
 C H A 
 
 _ CE'SSION. S. [Fr. cej/!c, Lat.] the aft of 
 yielding or giving way to a ftroke or force, 
 without reftiftance. " If there be a mere 
 yielding, or cejjion." Bacon. In Common Law, 
 an adt whereby a perfon transfers his right to 
 another. 
 
 CE'SSIONARY, AHj. See CESSION. 
 
 CE'SSOR, S. [cefer] Fr. cejh, Lat.] m 
 Law, a perfon who ceafethornegledcth to p.iy 
 rent, or perform a duty, fo long, that a writ 
 of eejhvit may be taken outagainft him. 
 
 CES'TUS, S. [Lnt.] a girdle, which the 
 poets afcribe to Venus, and pretend, that it 
 adorns the perfon who wears it with irrefiftible 
 charms. 
 
 CETA'CEOUS, Adj. [from cete, Lat. a 
 whale] refemblinga whale; of the whale-kind.- 
 
 C FAUT, in Mufic, one of the notes in 
 the gamut, or fcale. 
 
 CH, in words purely Englilh, is pronounced 
 fomewhat like rch, or a found not eafily to be 
 conveyed by vvriting. In words derived from 
 the French, it is fometimes pronounced like 
 an/., as c^ai/ms pronounced like/?.af^,&c. In 
 words derived from the Greek, like a k, as 
 choleric, koleric i chronology, pronounced i^/ffno- 
 Icgy. 
 
 CHACE, S. See CHASE. 
 
 CHAD, S. in Natural Hiftory, a round 
 kind of fifli. 
 
 To CHAFE, V.A.[echauff,r, Fr.] to 
 warm by rubbing. Figuratively, to make fore 
 by friflion, and heat. " Like an angry boar, 
 chafed with fweat.'^ Shak. To v^arm, or 
 fcent with aromatic perfumes. " Whole fcent 
 fo chafd the neighbour air." Dryd. To 
 make a perfon grow warm with anger. Neu- 
 tetly, to grow angry, or fret at any oppofition 
 or difappointment,beautifu!ly applied to inani- 
 mate things. " The troubled Tiber chafing 
 with his fliores." Shak. ^ 
 
 CHAFE, S. [from the verb] anger, or 
 peevifh warmth, owing to oppofition, flight, 
 contempt, or difappointment. 
 
 CH'AFER.S. [in Natural HiftoryJakinJ 
 of ayellow beetle, with twoantenna: or honis. 
 terminated with a kind of brufh or comb', 
 making a very loud buzzing noife when flyin»| 
 and appearing generally in the month of May| 
 whence they are called M<^y/wibv the vulgar 
 
 CHA/FERY, S. [(rom chuf.\ a' forge in an 
 iron milljwherem the iron iswrought into bars 
 
 CHAFF, S. [che,f, Sax. kaf Belg.J the 
 huflcs, or outward dims of corn, which is fepa- 
 rated from th.;ilonir by thrc/hing and winnow- 
 ing. Figuratively, any thing of imall value ; 
 any thing worthlcfs. 
 
 To CHA'FFER, V. N. [iavffi'n, Belg.J to 
 treat about or make a bargain; to haggle, to 
 beat down a perfon in hi* demands or price. 
 Utcd aaivcly, to buy; to truck or exchange 
 one commodity for another, 
 
 CHA'FFERER,S. one who buys bargains, 
 or endeavours to purchafe a thing at lefs than 
 the market-price; a haggler, 
 
 CHAP-
 
 C H A 
 
 CHA.'FrERY, S. the aft of buying or 
 jfeJI'in^ ; trjffir. ] 
 
 CH.VFFiNCH, S. a for g bird, fo tilled j 
 from its dfliehiine in chzft. 1 
 
 CHAFTING-blSH, S. [from chafe zn'\ 
 di^\ an utonfil mads ufe of to contain cools 
 tor keeping any thing warm, or warming it 
 whsn cold 
 
 • CHA'FFLESS, Adj. wi-hout defe'^ cr h- 
 vity. " The gods made thee — unlike all 
 others, chnfi:Ji." ibak. 
 
 CHA'Ft Y, Adj. full of chaff j like chafT. 
 figuratively, light. 
 
 CHA'GRlNjS. [pronounced^i7^r««, from 
 ■tbagrtne, Fr.] unevenr.efs of temper ; ill hii- 
 fnoiir ; difpleafure or peeviihnefs, arifina from 
 any thing oone to vcx, or in oppofition to a 
 perfon's inclinaiions. 
 
 ^ To CHA'GRIN', V. A. {cbagrlrar, Fi.] to 
 teafe ; to nnake uneafy 
 
 CHAIN, S. [ckah.e, Fr.] a colleaion of 
 tings or round piects ot rnetal jinked to each 
 other, of divers lengths and thicknefs ; an or 
 jiament ufed by fevera) magiftrates, and bor 
 
 C H A 
 
 CH'ALDER, CHA'LDRON, or CHAIT- 
 
 DR.ON. S. a dry meafure ufed for coals, con- 
 tijning 12 facks, or 36 bufhels heaped up, 
 acv-ording to a ftandard fc.led and kept at 
 Cj:i'lohjll, London. 
 
 CHA'LICE, [Fr. cak. Sax. kekh, Teut. 
 from ca!yx, Lat. j formerly ufed for a cup, or 
 drinking veffel, with a foot to it. At prefeat 
 appropriated to the va es or veffels ufed at the 
 cckbration of the Eucharift, or Lord's Supper, 
 
 CHALK, S. [pronounced chuulk, cahk, 
 Biir. ceaU, ctaltf.iir.. Sax. chaulx, Fr.] a white 
 fofill fubftance or marie •, for its purity, the 
 brifknefs with which it fermenis with acids, 
 the qiiicknefs with which it calcines with fire, 
 and the time which it requires to unite with 
 waier, exceeding all other maries. 
 
 To CHALK, V. A. to rub with chalk ; 
 to manure with chJk ; ufed with out, to 
 mark, or defcribe with chalk. Figuratively, 
 to d;re£V, point out, or difcover. " 1 might 
 have chalited out a way for others." Dryd, 
 
 CHAL'Ky, Adj. confifting of chalk j 
 white wiih chalk. Applied to fluids, fuch as 
 
 TOwed from the Goths. In Suiveying, a fe'ies h^ve chalk fteeped in them, and are impreg- 
 
 of iron links, diftinguiihedinto 100 equal parts, 
 •ui'ed for meafuring land. Figuratively, a ftate 
 of flavery, or confinement ; a feries of things 
 linked to, and dependent on one another. 
 
 To CHAIN, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 faften, fecure, or confine witJi a chain. Fi- 
 guratively, to enflave. Or bring into a ftate ot 
 flavery. " Wiqo chained his country." Potjd. 
 To be defended by a chain. " The mouth of 
 the haven ctaimd.'''' K'.olks. To unite in firm 
 and indilTokible friennlhip. " In this vow do 
 thain mv foul with thine." ^hak, 
 
 CHA'IN-PUMP, S. a double pump ufed 
 jn large fhips. 
 
 CHA'IN-SHOT, S. two half hullets fa- 
 fiened together by a chain, ufed in an engage- 
 snent at ie^-i. 
 
 nated with it. 
 
 To CHA'LLENGE, V. A. {chaUer,gcr,Yl,'] 
 to call, dare, or p.ovoke a perfon to fignt, ei- 
 ther by fpeaking or writing. Figuratively, to 
 dare or defy a perlon to enter into a literary 
 contefion anv fubjeiV; to lay claii:! to as a right. 
 
 CHA'LLENGE, S. a provocation, or fum- 
 mons to engage in a duel, or combat, either 
 uttered, or written 5 a claim of a thing as a 
 due, or right, u'ed with of. In Law, an ex- 
 ception againfl either perfuns, or things. 
 
 CHA'LLENGER, S. one whodefie^^, pro- 
 vokes, or fu.mmons another to fignt him ; one 
 that claims a fuperioiity j one who claims a 
 thing as his due ; a claimant. In Law, one 
 who objefls to a iuror. 
 
 CHALY'BEATE, Adj. [from chafy^s,L3t. 
 
 CH.A'IN- WORK, S. work with openlfleelj part .king of the qualities, or impreg- 
 
 /paces, or interftues leprefenting ;hc links o( 
 a chain. 
 
 CHAIR, S. \cbair, Fr.] a moveaUe feat 
 for a Angle perfon, wi'h a back to it. A co- 
 vered carriage in which per'^ons are conveyed 
 ♦ rem one pl ice ro another, borne by two men ; a 
 fedan. Figuratively, the place or poft ot a 
 f rcat officer, j^ho-e the chair, in London, is 
 apclied to thofe aloermen who h<ve borne the 
 ofl^ce of lord-mayor ; re/orv the chair, to thdie 
 who have not vet enjoyed that tlignity. The 
 fest of juftice, or au^hori'y ; to taie the cbair, 
 or he in the chair, implies that a peifon is pre- 
 fidcnt, and prefides at an aflembly. 
 
 CH.M'RMAN, S. one who fits in a higher 
 chair than the refl of the mennber?, and pre 
 fici's at an aiTembly or club ; one who cariits 
 a rh.iir, or fedan. 
 
 CHAISE, [Fr.^ a high open carriage, run- 
 ning on two wheels, and drawn by a fingle 
 horfe 5 likewife a vehicle rolled z four ivheel- 
 cdckai/, and drown by f.vo or more horles. 
 
 nated with Heel. 
 
 CHAM, S the title given to the fuvereign 
 princes in Tartary. 
 
 CHAMA'DE, S. [from cb'mmata, Ital, to 
 CIV curl a rettain beat t.f drum, or found ojf 
 a trumpet, wheicby notice .s given to theene- 
 my of fome piopofition to be made to them, 
 either to furrender, have leave to bury the 
 (leaH, m?ke a iruce, £fr. 
 
 CHA'MBER, S. \fiawhcr, Erit chan.brej 
 Fr. cavicr-a, Lar.] in Building, any room fitu- 
 ated between the ground floor and garrets of a 
 houfe. Figuiatively, a retired room in a houfe j 
 an apart'rent, oc.cupie.i as a puuuc office, or 
 court of juflice j any cavity or hollow j that 
 part of 3 pun where;n the (.harge is lodged. 
 
 To CHA'MBER, V. N. to be loofiee with 
 women j to be wanton. Figuratively, to be 
 contained as in a chamber, " The beft blood 
 cha»:bc'ed in his bofom." '"^hji. 
 
 CHA'.MBERER, S. [(wm ibarnber and er] 
 one alven to women. 
 
 CHAMI-
 
 C H A 
 
 CHAM'BERLAIN, S. [kammerling, Teut. 
 eJ:amhellan, Fr. cearr.beltano, leal.] an officer 
 who has the care df a chamber. The /orj 
 great cbamhcrlnin, is the fixth officer of the 
 crown. Lord cbamherlain of the houjhold, has 
 the overfight of all the officers belonging to the 
 king's chambers, excepting the precimfl of the 
 bed-chamber. In great towns, a receiver of 
 their rents and revenues: and in London, the 
 chamberlain has likewifc the cognizance oi all 
 riifputes between maf^ers and apprentices, the 
 power of in;prifoning the latter for mifde- 
 meanors, and makes freemen, feff. 
 
 CH'AMBrRLAINSHIP, S. [from cham- 
 btrla'in znA fnp'] the office of a chamberlain 
 
 CK'AMBILRMAID, S. a maid-lervant, 
 who takf-s care of the chainbers, the lady'f 
 dreflitig-rooTi, and aflifts the ladj's woman in 
 drefTin^ her. 
 
 CH'A,^fBLET, S. See CAMELOT. 
 To CH'AMBLET, V. N. \x.an:ekt, Arab, 
 •watered doth] to be variepated ; to appear like 
 cloth f f lilk watered ^y the callenderer. 
 
 CHA'MBRANLE, S. in Building, an or- 
 nament of wood (r ftone, furrounding doors, 
 y/inclows, or chimnies. 
 
 CHA/MBRF.L, S. in Farriery, the joint or 
 bending of the upper part of the hinder leg of 
 a horfe. 
 
 CHAME'LION, S. (";:a//.a,X£xv, Gr.] See 
 CAMELEON. This is rhe proper fpelling, 
 as appears from its etvmology. 
 
 To CHA'MFER, V. A. {chambrer, Fr. to 
 furrow] to furrow j to make channels or hol- 
 low places in a rolumn. 
 
 CH.VMOMILE, [x^-yt-ti, and (j-nXm, Gr.] 
 in Botany, a plant {o called, from its trailing 
 along the ground. It has a compound flower 
 With an hemifpherical empdlement, compofed 
 of many rays. 
 
 To CHAMP, V. A. \chan:payer, Fr.] to 
 bite with a frequent and forcible .laion of the 
 teeth ; to grind any hard and fo,id body wnh 
 the teeth, lo as to render it fit to fwallow. 
 Ufed wi'h up, <« A tobacco pipe left fuch a 
 delirious roughnefs — that I champed up the 
 lemaining part." .S/>f<:7. No. 431. Neuterly, 
 to open and clofe the jaws together, or perform 
 the aif>lon of biting often. 
 
 CHa'MPaIGN, S. \cawpagne, Fr. from 
 charr.pt, fields, Fr.j a flat, open, or level 
 counry. 
 
 CHA'MPIGNON, S. [Fr. pronounced 
 Jhanij^imcn] in Butmy, a plant of the mufh- 
 ronm kind. 
 
 " CHA'MPION, \Vr. campioKe, \tz\. cempa, 
 S'X. a foldier Jone v^iio u;i,iertakesacombat in 
 behalf of another. Tne king's chav.p'v.n, is an 
 officer, who, while he is atrtiiineron his coro- 
 nal do d,y, rh.iikiiger. any to contcft the king's 
 right with him in combit j after which the 
 k-nj drinks to h m, ana lends him a gilt cup 
 and coyer full of wine, which he keeps as a 
 t:-e. Figuratively, any one who undertakes the 
 ^-^''i'^'^^ ofin^- focimeju, or topi^c in literature, 
 
 C H A 
 
 or religion. Irt Law, not only » perfbn wh« 
 fighteih for another, but lilcewifc one wu» 
 
 fights in his own caule. 
 
 CHANCE, S. [Fr.] a word which imp!tc« 
 that an event produ''ed is not owing, but con- 
 trary, to the eftablirtied laws of nature ; or that 
 the caufe of a thine is unknown ; a future e* 
 vent. Figuratively, an unforefeen or unex- 
 pefted calamiiy or misfortune j a thing which 
 Wis not inteiioed, or defigned. 
 
 To CHANCE, V. N. to fail out unet- 
 peftedly, or contrary to the necetVary laws of 
 motion or nature ; to proceed from fouie iin 
 known c^ufe ; or without any defign of the 
 agent. 
 
 CHA'NCE-MEDLEY, S. the killing of a 
 perinn, without defign, but not without lomc 
 fault; as when a perfon, in lopping a tree, 
 fhould kill a palfenger by means of a bough he- 
 flings down J for though it miy happt-ii with- 
 out defign, yet as he ought to have given no- 
 tice, it is not without fault. 
 
 CHA'NCEL, S. f chancel, Norman Fr.] the 
 eaftern part of a cittnch, between the altar and 
 the rail that inclofes it, 
 
 ( HA'NCELLOR, S. [chanccllier, Fr. can. 
 ceUiere, Itsl. canceUarius, low Lat.J The lord 
 high chancellor, is the chief adminiftrator of 
 jurtice next the king ; pofTeiTes :he higheft ho- 
 nour of the long robe, is inverted with abfolu'e 
 power tQ mitigate the feverirv of the law in 
 his deci^n?, enters into his office by taking an 
 oath, and having the great kj\ committed to 
 him by the king; has thedifpofal of all eccle- 
 fiafiic benefices in the gift of the crown under 
 20I. per ann. perufes all patents before they are 
 figned, and takes place of ail the nobility, ex- 
 cepting tho'e of the roy.'l family and the arch- 
 bi/hop of Canterbury. Chancellor, in an eccle- 
 fiaftical court, is one bred to the law, and ufei 
 by the biihops to diredl or advife them in fuck 
 caufes as come before them. Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, is an officer who prefides in that 
 court, and takes care of the intereft of the, 
 crown. Chancellor of an Uiu'verfit)', 15 the chief' 
 magiftrate, who feals diplomas, letters of de- 
 grees, and defends the rights and privileges of 
 the place ; in Oxford this place is en] yed for 
 life ; but at Cambridge only for rhe fpace of 
 I hree years. Ch.incdlcr of the order of the Ga'ter, 
 IS the psrfon who feals the commiffions and 
 n.andatesof the chapter, keeps the regifter.ap.d 
 delivers tranfcriiits of it under the feal of their 
 order.^ Chancellor ofth: Dutchy of Lancajhr, is 
 an officer appointed to determine controverfie* 
 between the king and his tenants of the duchy' 
 land, being a.ffiiled in difficult points by two 
 judges of the common law. 
 
 CHA'NCELLORSHIP, S. the office of a 
 chancellor. 
 
 CHA'NCERY, S. the higheft court of ju- 
 dicature in thiskingdom, except th: parliament, 
 whereof the lord chancellor is chief judge. 
 
 CHA'NCRE, S. ri'"r. pi'onounced *Jr:i«<-} 
 .in Surgery, a tubercle, whith ha« it* fe.it in 
 
 the
 
 C H A 
 
 the oflfluous humour that fills the reficular 
 texiure ; an «lcer ulually arifing from the fc-jl 
 dirtfinper. 
 
 CHA'NCROUS, Adj. having the quali- 
 ties of a ebancre. 
 
 CHA'NDELIER.S. [Fr. ^tononnctAJban- 
 Jelffr, frcm chanAel, Fr.acandleJ a branch lor 
 holding candles. In Forlificaiinn, a wooden 
 iranie on which fafcines or faggots are laid for [ 
 eoverinfrthe workmen, inftead of a parapet, j 
 CHA^'DLER, S. [chandelier, Fr.] a feller i 
 ©f divers forts of wares. 1 
 
 To CHANGE, V. A. [cbargcr,^r.'] to 
 give or take one thing fc» another. To rcfign 1 
 ©r quit one thing for the take of another, ufed 
 with /or. " Cannot cbar.ge that/or another." 
 Hcuih. To give a perfon the value of money 
 in coin of a different metal ; to alter. Applied 
 to the rr.oon, to increafe, or decreafe. 
 
 CHANGE, S. the alteration of a perfon's I 
 circamftances ; the aft of taking or giving any ' 
 thing for anothtr; a fjcceffion of things in the 
 place of one another. In Aftronomy, the time 
 in which the moon begins a new revulution. 
 Jiguratively, novelty. In Ringing, the altera- 
 tion of the crdtr in which any fet of bells are 
 rung 5 that which m-y be ufed for another, 
 or another of the fame kind, though of difle- 
 rent colour. " Thirty char.gss of raiment." 
 "ludgts .:iv. 7 2. Money of a different metal. 
 CHA'NGEABLE, Adj. [from charge and 
 clh'\ that which may be altered ; that tvhich 
 Joes not always remain in the fame fituation, 
 or circumftances ; inconi>ant; fickle. 
 
 CHA'KGEAELENLSS, S. applied to the 
 
 mind, want of conftancy ; fickknefs. Ap 
 
 plied to laws or qualities, liable to alteration. 
 
 CHA'NGEABLY, Adv. in a manner fub 
 
 jeft to alteration; inconftancy, 
 
 CHA'NGEFUL, Adj. [from charge and 
 fidl] altering very often, and upon flight 
 grounds ; a word of reproach ; fickle ; incon- 
 ftant ; full of change. 
 
 CHA'NGELING, S. [from chargezrA ling, 
 Sax. a diminutive particle] a child left or taken 
 in room of another ; a perfon who docs not 
 enjoy a proper ufc of his undeiftanding ; a 
 fool, natural, or idcot ; one apt to alter his 
 fentiments often} a fickle perfon. 
 
 CHA'NNEL, S. [.anal, Fr. car.alh, Lsf.] 
 in Cormography, the hollow, ot cavity in which 
 jnnning waters fl;)W ; the arm of a fea, or a 
 natrow river, between two idjacent iflands or 
 continents. 
 
 To CHA'NNEL, V. A. to cut any thing in 
 jtarrow cavities, for containing water ; or for 
 the fake of ornament, applied to btiildings. 
 
 To CHANT, V. A. [charter, Fr.] to fing|; 
 to celebrate in fongs j to perform divine fervice 
 vkith fmeing, as in cathedr.ils. Ufed neuferly, 
 to harmonize or found a chord with the voice to 
 anymuficalindrumentjufed^viththeparticlefo. 
 CKANT, S. [from the verb] a fong ; a 
 particular tunc ^ the peculiar tune ufed in a 
 cathedral. 
 
 C H A 
 
 CHA'NTER, S. one who fings in a eathe« 
 
 dralj a finjier; a fongfter. 
 
 CHA'NTRESS, S. a female who fingi. 
 
 CH'ANTRY, S. a church or chapel, en. 
 dowed far one or more priefts to fay mafs in 
 it daily. 
 
 CHA'OS, S. [Or.] the original ronfufed 
 mafs of matter out of which all vifible things 
 were made. Figuratively, any confufed irre- 
 gular mixture ; any thing whofe parts are not 
 eafilv di-ftinguifhed. 
 
 CH.A'OTIC, Adj. refembling, or like a 
 chaos. 
 
 To CHAP, V. A. [kappert, Belg. to cut] 
 to break into chinks by exceflive heat, applied 
 to the grounds. To appear as if cut, applied 
 to the effefts of cold on the hands. 
 
 CHAP, S. [from the verb] an opening, 
 cleft, ur chink in the ground, ov^ing to ex- 
 cefTive drouKht or heat. 
 
 CHAP, S. the upper or under part of a 
 bead's mouth. 
 
 CHAPE, S. [chapps, F.] the catch of any 
 thing by which it is held in its place \ the 
 hook by which a fv/o'-d isfadened in its fcab- 
 bard ; the fleel ring with two points by which- 
 a buck le i: held to the back-ftrap ; a piece of 
 bral's >->r filver, which covers the end of the 
 fcabbard df a fword. 
 
 CHA'PEL, S. [Fr. capella, Lat.] a little 
 church; or fmall building, wherein divine fer- 
 vice is performed. 
 
 CH.VPELRY, S. the jurifdiftion or bounds 
 of a chapel. 
 
 CHrt'PERON, S. [Fr.] a kind of hood or 
 cap worn by knights of the garter when dreffed 
 in their rches. 
 
 CHA'PFALN, Adj. having the mouth 
 (hrunk, or the projecting part fallen down> 
 applied to an helmet. 
 
 CHA'PJTER, S. [chapiteau, Fr.] in Ar- 
 chittfture, the uoper part or capital of a pillar. 
 CHA'PLAIN, S. [cape'.Lmui, Lat.] a per- 
 fon who perform? divine fervice in a chapel ; 
 or is retained in the fervice of fome noble per- 
 fonage to perform divine fervice. 
 
 CHA'FLAINSHIP, S. the office, pofTef- 
 fton, or revenue of a chaplain. 
 
 CHA'PLET, S. [cbapekt, Fr.] a garland, 
 or wreath ol flowers to be worn round the bead. 
 In the Romilh church a firing of beads. 
 
 CHA'i^MAN, S. [ceapman, Sax. one that 
 cheapcn'5 or buys gOods ; a buyer and feller. 
 
 CHAPS, S. the mouth of a beaft. Ufed 
 by the vulgar, and in contempt, for the motiih 
 of a man or woman. 
 
 CHA'PTER, S. [chap'itre, Fr.] the divi- 
 (ion of a book. In Canon Law, a congregation 
 of clergymen, under the dean, in a cathedral 
 church i an aiTembly held both by religious aind 
 military orders for deliberating on their affairs, 
 and regulating their difcipline ; the places in 
 which alTemblies of the clergy are held, 
 
 CHAR, S. [wrote likewife chart'] in Natu- 
 ral Hiftory, a fiib 3 a kind of golden alpine trout. 
 
 To
 
 C H A 
 
 To CHAR, V. A. [See Ciarcoa!] to burn 
 ^ood to a black cinder. 
 
 CHAR, S. work done by the day by a wo- 
 tnan ; a fingle job. 
 
 To CHAR, V. N. [pronounced chair'J to 
 d« the houfe-work of a family occalionally, 
 eppofed to regular fervice. 
 
 CHARACTER, S. [Lat. x««'"'ti?, Gr,] 
 a figure or mark drawn on paper, or other fuh- 
 ftance, to convey fome idea to the mind ; a 
 letter of the alphabet ; an affemblage of vir- 
 tues or vices, whereby one perfon is diftinguifh- 
 ed from another ; or that which a perfon has 
 peculiar in his manners, which makes him 
 differ from others ; office, dignitv or authority. 
 To CHA'RACTER, V. A.'ufed with if?, 
 «n, or upon, to engrave. 
 
 To CHARACTERl'SE, V. A. to dcfcribe 
 a perfon or thing by the properties which dif 
 tinguifh it from others ; to impiel's a thing in 
 lafting chara£lers on the mind 5 to mark with 
 a peculiar (lamp or form. 
 
 CHARACTERPSTICorCHARACTE- 
 HI'STICAL, Adj. that which diftinguifhes a 
 perfon or thing from others of the fame fpecies. 
 CHAR ACTERKSTIC.S, a peculiar mark, 
 «r affemblage of qualities, which diftinguifhes 
 a perfon or thing from otheri of the fame 
 kind. 
 
 CHA'RACTERLESS, Adj. without any 
 mark to diftinguifh a thing. 
 
 CHA'RACTERY, S. a mark which di- 
 ftinguiflies a thing from others of the fame 
 kind. 
 
 CHAOICOAL, S. a kind of fuel, or coal 
 made of oak half burnt, under a covering of 
 turf; that for powder-mills is made of elder- 
 wood. 
 
 To CHARGE, V.A. [cUrger,¥T. can- 
 tare, Ital.] to entiuft, or commit to a perfon's 
 care; to make a perfon debtor. Figuratively, 
 to impute or afcribe ; or impofe as a tj/k ; to 
 accufe, applied to crimes, fometimes having 
 the particle ivkh. " His angels he charged 
 luith i'oWy." yob. iv. iS. To obligt; a perfon 
 to give evidence ; to adjure; to command; to 
 attack, applied to an engagement in war. To 
 load a perfon, applied to burthens. Applied to 
 fire-arms, to load with powder or lliot. 
 
 CHARGE, S. a thing delivered to a per- 
 fo.i's care or cuftody ; a command, preicit, 
 or law, " This one, this eafy c/jarfre." Par. 
 Left. A commiffion, poft, or public employ- 
 ment. Applied to crimes, acrul'ation, or im- 
 putation ; the fpeech or exhortation of a iudi;e 
 to a jury; f xpence or coft ; a quantity of mo- 
 ney a perfon carries with him. " He hid a 
 great charge of money a'; )ut hin>.'* The 
 quantity of powder, ball, or flioc, with which 
 fire-arm.<; are loaded. 
 
 CHA'RGEABLE, Adj. expenfive; coftly,'; 
 liabli= to be blamed or accufed. 
 
 CHA'RGEABLENESS, S. expenfivenefs, 
 Gortlinefs. 
 
 CHA'RGEAD^Y, Adv. in a coftly, 
 
 C H A 
 
 cxpenfire manner ; at a great expence. 
 
 CHA'RGED, Part, in Gunnery, a charg- 
 ed cylinder is the part of the chafe of a great 
 gun, where the powder and ball are contained. 
 
 CK-^TIGER, S. a very large difh. 
 
 CHA'RILY, Adv. in a deliberate, circum- 
 fpeift cautious manner. 
 
 CHA'RINESS, S. a nicety, or delicacy, 
 whereby a perfon is offended at any thing 
 which is inconfiftent with the higheff degree 
 or idea of juftice ; fcrupuloufnefs. 
 
 CHA'RIOT, S. [char-rod, Brit, a wheel- 
 ed car, chariot, or tarajje cQiipee, Fr. half a 
 coach, carreta, Ital.J a covered four-wheelcl 
 carriage fufpended on leathers, or fprings, 
 drawn by two or more horfes, and having orilr 
 back feats. War-charioti, ufed by our ances- 
 tors, were open vehicles drawn by two or 
 more horfes, with fcyihes at the wheels, and 
 fpears at the pole. Chariot-race, a public game 
 among the Romans, i^Sc. wherein chariots 
 were driven for a prize. 
 
 To CHA'RIOT, V. A. figuratively, to 
 convey, as in a chariot, " In a fiery columa 
 charioting his godlike prefence." Milt. 
 
 CHARJOTEE'R, S, one who drires ■ 
 chariot. 
 
 CHA'RITARLE, Adj. [charitMe, Fr.| 
 having a benevolent and huTiane difpofition, 
 inclining a perfon to affift the afflidtd. 
 
 CHA'RITABLY, Adv. in a kind, bene- 
 volent, tender, affedlionate manner. 
 
 CHA/RITY, S. [chant/, Fr. charitai, Lat, 
 X^5iT»s, Gr.] a benevolent principle, exerting 
 iilelt in aiHrs of kindhefs and affedlion to all 
 perfons without refpedl to party or nation. 
 
 To CHARK, V. A. to burn to a coaj, os 
 ci.Tder. 
 
 CHA'RLATAN,S a perfon who pretends 
 to a knowledge of phyfic; a quack ; a moun- 
 tebank, 
 
 CHARLATA'NICAL, Adj. vainly pre- 
 tending to a knowledge of phylic ; qiiaclci/h, 
 
 CHA'RLATANRY, S. the practice of a 
 quack. 
 
 CHARLES's-WAiN, S. [in Affro^omy] 
 feven remarkable ftars in the confteilation of 
 U'ja Major. 
 
 _ CfiARM, [charme, Fr.] a kind of fpell, 
 fuppofed by th^ignorait to have an irrefiftible 
 intluence, by m^ans of the concurrence of 
 kime internal power, both on the minds, lives, 
 and properties of thofe whom it has for its ob- 
 ject. Figuratively, any excellence which en- 
 gages ond conquers the affcdlions. 
 
 To CHARM, V. A. to fortify, or fecure 
 a^ainft evil by fome fpell ; to influence, or 
 fubdu? the mtnd by fome excellence orplcafurc.. 
 
 CMA'RMER, .S. one who deals in fpells 
 or magic ; one whofe perfonal perfedlions irrc- 
 liftibly .^ttraft admiration and love. 
 
 CH.VRMING, F..rt. of charm, pofTeffed 
 of fuch perfedions as work irrefiftibly on the 
 mind, and fill it v.'ith pieafure. 
 ' CHA'RMINCLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 
 neif
 
 C HA 
 
 jifr a<! to convey inexpreflible pleafure. 
 
 CHA'RMINGNESS.S. tihat quality which 
 lerders a thing capable of woikifig on the af- 
 fetl^ions, and filling the mlr.d vwith pleafure. 
 
 CHA'RNEL-HOUSE, S. [charmer, Fr.] 
 the place in or near a church, wnere the bone; 
 of the dc'd are depofneJ. 
 
 CHART, S. [char/a, Lat.] an hydrogra- 
 phicil map. or projeftion cl'' fome pirt of the 
 earth's fupeificies, for the ufe of navigation. 
 
 CHA'RTER, S. [charire, Fr.] in Law, a 
 V'ritten evidence or inlbument of things done 
 between two parties. Ihe king's charter, is 
 vthere he m^kes a grant to any perfon or body 
 politic; fuch as a charter of exemption, &c. 
 Charters of private perfons, are deeds and in- 
 fttuments. Figuratively, the aft of bellowing 
 any privilege or rltht, exemption or claim. 
 
 CHA'RTERED, Adj. inverted with privi- 
 leges by charter, beautifully applied in the fol- 
 lowing lenience. " The air, z chartered \\- 
 berrine, h ftill." Shak. 
 
 CHa'RTER-LAND, S. land which is 
 held by cha>tir, or evidsnce in writing, like- 
 vife named tree-hold. ' 
 
 CHA'RTER PARTY, S. \charte, or carte 
 fariie, Fr.j a deed or writing indented, made 
 between nierchantf and fea-faring men con- 
 cerning their merchandize. 
 
 CHA'RWOMAN, S. a woman hired ac- 
 tidentally, or for odd days, to clean a houfe, 
 or do o^her offices of a tnaid-fervant. 
 
 CH.T.RY, Adj. cautious, fcrupulous, care- 
 ful of giving any caufe for fufpicion or cen- 
 fure. 
 
 To CHASE, V. A. [chalfer, Fr.] to fol- 
 low after a bc;aft, &c. for pleafure; to hunt ; 
 t© purfue as an enemy; to drive trom, or keep 
 oft. " Moiu had cbas d avvay the flying ftars." 
 Dr^d. 
 
 CHASE, S. the purfuit or following of 
 game ; hunting ; that which is the proper ob- 
 ject of hunting. " A beaft of c/ja/t." Dryd. 
 The purfuit of an enemy, or of fome dcfireable 
 cibjeft. Fijjuratively, purluit. " Honour's the 
 Doslelt chaje.'" Gran-v. In Law, a large ex- 
 tent of woody ground, privileged for the re- 
 ception of deer and game. In Gunnery, the 
 thafe of a grejt gun, is the whole length of the 
 bore, or infide. Chafe guns, are thofe wliich 
 are pidceo in the heao or ftern of a fhip. 
 
 CHA'SER, S. one who purfiies. 
 
 CHaSM, S. [■^ac-f/.a,, Gr.] a breach or 
 kollow fpace feparating the pans of any body ; 
 a vacant Ipace. 
 
 CHASTE, Adj. \chafte, Fr. cafus. Lit.] 
 free from lufl cithsr with refpefl to the incli- 
 nation or 2<St; free from any commerce with 
 the other fex; true to the marriajje-bi^d. Ap- 
 plied to expreflions, free from any oblcenity, 
 or immodeft words. In Grammar, tree trom 
 anv foreign mixt'jre. 
 
 To CHA'STEN, V. A. ffhe/ller, Fr.] to 
 corrcft or punifh a child, in order to deter him 
 from faults. Figuratively, to hutr.ble,onnoitity. 
 
 C Fi E 
 
 To CH ASTI'SC, V. A . [formerly accenfei" 
 on the firft fyllable, chj/iier, Fr.J to punifli of 
 afBift for faults. 
 
 CHASTl'SEMENT.S. [formerly accented 
 on the firft fyllable] correftion, or punifhment, 
 generafly applied to the difcipline ot pa'ents 
 and tutors. Figuratively, any calamity inflidl- 
 ed by Providence. 
 
 CHASTI'SER, S. the perfon that punifhes. 
 
 CHA'STITY, S. [c.ijlit/, Fr. caji^tas, 
 Lat.] an entire freciiom from any imputation 
 of lufl either in thought or d^ed. In Expref- 
 fions, free from immodeft words. In Grammar, 
 freedom from any foreign or bad m.xture. 
 
 CHA'STELY,Adv.wiihouttheleaftincon- 
 tlnence, or any inclination to luft. 
 
 CH A'STENESS, S. freedom from inconti- 
 nence, or any breach of modefly. 
 
 To CHAT, V. N. [a contraajon of the 
 verb chatter] to talk on ind fJerent fubjedts, 
 or without any deep tliought, or profound at- 
 tention. 
 
 CHAT, S. trifling, idle, and unimproving 
 difcourfe, made ufe of merely to pais time 
 away. 
 
 CHA'TTELANY, S. [chateknie, Fr.] the 
 diflridt be't«nging to a caftle. 
 
 CHA'TTELS, S. any moveable poffelTion. 
 At prefent ul'ed only in Law, for all things 
 moveable and imnvov.-able. 
 
 To CH AT'TER. V. A. [ca^uefer, Fr. hu- 
 ten, Belg.J to make a noife liKe a pie. Fi- 
 guratively, to talk very much ; to make a 
 noix by frequently and forcibly clofing the 
 teeth, owing to the effects ot cold; from W- 
 teren, Belg. ' 
 
 CH A'TTER, S . a noife like that of a pie, 
 or monkey when angry ; impertinent talk. 
 
 CHATTERER, S. one who fpends his 
 time in idle or unimproving talk. 
 
 CHAUMONTE'LLE, 6. [Fr.]_in Gar- 
 dening, a kind of pear. 
 
 To CHAW, V. A [kjutven, Belg. ka-zverr, 
 Teut.] to cut meat or lood into fmall pieces' 
 by a frequent aftion of the teeth. 
 
 CHA'WDRON, S. a large meafure ; the 
 entrails or maw ot a beaft. 
 
 CHEAP, Adj. to be purchafed with little 
 money ; of fmall value, or worth. 
 
 ToCHE'APEN, V. A. [iatipa, 111. kau~ 
 p'lti. Boh. See CHEAP] to bargain for or a/k 
 the price of a commodity ; to endeavour to 
 purchafe a thing at a lefs price than the feller 
 firft arK.s for it. 
 
 CHEAPLY, Adv. at a very low price or 
 rate; with very little money. 
 
 CHE'APNESS, S. purchafed with little 
 money. 
 
 To CHEAT, V, A. to deceive or impofe 
 upon ; to defraud a perfon by lome^artifue of 
 lov,; cunning. 
 
 CHEAT, S. a fraud, or imppfture, w-here- 
 by a perlVin is deceived or impu'.ed upon; a 
 pcrfua who imoo'et. oi» others. 
 
 CHE/ATUR,
 
 C H t 
 
 CHE'ATER, S. one who praaife? fraud, 
 in order to desrive people oi their properties. 
 To CHECK, V. A. to reftrsin ihe crav 
 tngsof any appetite ; to ftop a thing in motion; 
 to chide or reprove a perlon. In Commerce, 
 to compare the riourifhed or ornamented part 
 ot a'draupht or bank bill, with thit which re- 
 mains in the book from whence it was cu'. 
 
 CHECK, S. [fchacb, Teut,] a reftraint, 
 difappointment, lepulfe, curb, reproof. Fi- 
 guratively, a flight ; acoirnter cypher of a b^ink 
 bill ; an account kept privately to examine that 
 which is kept with a banker, or public ofHcej 
 a perfon who examines any account ; a kind 
 «f linen with blue ftripes crolTing each other, 
 ufed by failor? for {hirts, &c. 
 
 To CHE'CKER, or CHE'QUER, V. A 
 [from ecbecs, Fr.] to vary with different co 
 lours like a cheff-bcavd ; to variegate. Figu 
 ratively, to diverfify with different ftates of 
 pro^'perous or unfucce'ffiil circumftanres. 
 
 CHE'CKER, or CHE'CKER- WORK, S. 
 any thing painted in Iqtiares, with different 
 colours, like a chefs-board. 
 
 CHE'CK-ROLL, S. a book or roll con- 
 taining the names of the king's houfhold fer- 
 vants. 
 
 CHEEK, S. the fiefl-.y part of the fide of 
 the face below the eve. The cheekiof a frrate, 
 are flat pieces of iron fl.inding perpendicular, 
 and ferving ao confine or enlarge the diraen- 
 fions of a fire. 
 
 CHEER, S. [chtre, Fr] provifion for an 
 entertainment; gaiety, or fullnefs of fpirits. 
 
 To CHEER, V. A. to infpiie with cou- 
 rage; to animate, or incite ; to make joylul ; 
 to gUddim. 
 
 CHE'ERER, S. tbe perfon or thing which 
 communicatei joy, or comforts in diftre's. 
 
 CHE'ERFULL, Ac*], that which abounds 
 in gaiety, life, and fpirits, oppofed to dejec- 
 tion; that which has the appcarj.n^e of joy 
 and lightfomenefs. 
 
 CHE'ERFULNESS, S. a difpofition of 
 mind unclouded by delpair ; alacrity ; vigour. 
 CHL'ERLESS, Adj. fad, dejeaed, or com 
 fortleff. 
 
 CHEE'RLY, Adv. in a gay, cheerful, 
 joyous manner, 
 
 CHEF'RY, Adj. gav, jayful, or commu- 
 nicatintj plealure and gaiety. 
 
 CHEESE, S. \c)fe, Sa)c. eaivs, Brit. <r<J 
 ftui, Lit. J a food made of milk, curdled by 
 means of rennet, I'queezed dry in 3 prefs, and 
 hardened by tim.-. The art of makint; this 
 necellary food, was, accorJins; to Pliny, intro- 
 duced into this iflnnd by the Romans. The beif 
 reputed i-; that of Glniiceilcrfhire andChertiIre 
 CHE'ESECAKE, .S. fin Paftryj is made 
 of fott curds, butter, and fugar, baked. 
 
 CHE'ESEMONGER, S, one who deals In 
 eht' fe. 
 
 CHE'ESE i'RESS, S. a prefs, wherein the 
 eurdi Of .^.nicn .lie c,.,:ijeii mads areptdiiid 
 dry fron the «h:/. 
 
 CHE 
 
 CHE'ESE- VAT, S. the woodea cafe m 
 which the curds are confined, when prefled foif 
 cheefe- 
 
 CHE'ESy, Adj. having the qualities of 
 cheefe 
 
 CHEMISE, S. [Fr. pronounced fiameifsl 
 in Foriiftc.ition, a wall lining a baftion or 
 ditch, in order to flreng'then and fupport it ; 
 :tifo a fhirt or fhift. 
 
 To CHE'RISH, V. A. \chfrtr, Fr.] t® 
 nourifh or promote the growth of a thing • to 
 help; to encourage; to protedt, flicker, and 
 nour'ifh. 
 
 CHERl'SHER, S. one who proteas, and 
 contributes to the growh ot a thing, 
 
 CHE'RRY, S. in Gardening, a fruit- 
 j tree, with fliining leaves ; its fruit grows on 
 long pedicles, is roundidi or heart-fhaped j 
 though included by Linnaeus under the gen^is 
 of/>r„raj, or plumb, yet they cannot be en- 
 grafted on each other. 
 
 CHE'RRY, Adj. refembling a cherry la, 
 colour ; red. 
 
 CHERSONE'SE. or CHERSONESUS, 
 S. [;(£jj-ovt!cr'.c. Gr.J in Geography, a trad of 
 land furroun.Jed by the fea, excepting at a nar- 
 low fpjceor neck, by whiclj it is juined to the 
 main land or corftinent. 
 
 CHE'RUB, S. a celeftial fpirit in the or- 
 der of angels, placed next to the Seraphim ; 
 in fcripture varioufly defcribed under the 
 rtiapes of men, esgles, oxen, lions, ©"f. and 
 fom/;time'; comuofed of all of them, 
 
 CHii'RUBIC, Adj, angelic, or partaking 
 of ti^e nature of a cheruri, 
 
 CHE'RUBIN, Adj. hke a cherub; hea- 
 venly ; angelical. " Her cLerubia louk," 
 Shakefp, Seldom ufed , 
 
 CHE'RVIL, S. [ccerophy!lum, Lat.J in Bo- 
 tany, an umbelliferous plant, jlt is ranged by 
 Lin ::eiis in the 2d fection of his cth clafs. 
 
 To CHE'RUP, V. N. [trom cheer u/,] ta 
 make a noifs by drawing in the air through 
 the lips, after they are drawn into a kind of 
 circle, in otder to encourage any beaft, or t« 
 fet a font! bird a-<':ng,ing. 
 
 CHE'SHIRE, S or county of Chefter, It 
 is very rich in paflure and corn land ; and, for 
 the moft part, level. In it are alia feveral 
 heaths and moors, upon which horfes and 
 flie^-p ieed'. It contains about 71,000 acres, 
 feventy.onepariftes, thirieen ci ies and mar- 
 ket-towns, and fends four members to parlia- 
 ment. Here they malce excellent cheefe, 
 wtU known by the name of Chelhire, and in 
 fui-h quantities, th.it London alone takes off 
 14,000 tons annu:illv, bcfi Ies v^ft quantities 
 which they fend to Brift'd and York, alfo to 
 Scoti.ind and Ireland. The whole county is 
 indeed employed in it, and part of the neigh- 
 bouring ones too. For though it goes com- 
 m Tily by the name of Cnefhire ch>'pfe, yet a 
 pr-'a' deal of it is m 'de in Slirooiiiire, Staf- 
 foi'lfliire, and L^nci/hirc. The (oil of Che- 
 *ihite ii cftremety good, and as, the ^mU hi 3 
 
 [ieculi.>r
 
 CHE 
 
 peculiar richncfs in it. There is no part of 
 England where are equal f»umbers of gentry 
 of fuch ancient extradlion. Befides, it is a 
 county palatinej and lias a diftinft government 
 from any other, being adminiftered by a cham- 
 berlain, a judge I'pecial, called Chief Juftice 
 of Chefler, a puifne judge, &c. Its ancient 
 counts pulitlne were very powerful ; the firft 
 of which was Gherbord, whom William the 
 Conqueror made fo ; and the laft was Simon 
 of Montford, earl of Leicefter ; after whofe 
 death, about the twelfth century, this county 
 was annexed to the crown. It however enjoys 
 its ancient privileges \ and at Chefter, the ca- 
 pital, are the palatine courts holden for its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 CHES'NUT, or CHESNUT-TREE, S. 
 [c'lllen-beam, cy/l-l>eam, Sax. chafiaigne, Fr. 
 eajiagtia, Ital. caflanea, Lat.J in Botany, has 
 male and female fiowers on the fame tree. 
 The male flowers are fixed to a long firing, 
 forming a kind of cat's fkin, having an im- 
 palement of one leaf, but no petals. The fe- 
 male flowers have alfo an impalement of one 
 leaf, no petal, but a germen, fixed to the 
 bafe of the epalement, which becomes a 
 loundifh fruit, armed with foft fpines, includ- 
 ing One or more nuts. It is ranged by Lin- 
 naus in the 8ch feflion of his aiftclafs. 
 
 CHESS, S. [fffr«, Fr. jehad, Belg.] a 
 game played with little round pieces of wood 
 on a board divided into 64 fquares, each fide 
 having eight noblemen and as many pawns, 
 which are to be moved or fliifrcd into the dif- 
 ferent fquares, according to the laws of the 
 gvne. 
 
 CHE'SSOM, S. in Gardening, a mellow 
 earth, between the two extremes of clay and 
 fand. 
 
 CHEST, S. \djia, Lat. xifi, Gr.] a large 
 flror*^ wooden box, greater than a trunk, ufed 
 for keeping cloaths, linen, "c. The cavity 
 of a human bo ly trom the neck to the belly, 
 called the breaft or ftomach. A cheji rjj" dra'v- 
 ers, is a wooden frame which contains fever.il 
 drawers placed above each other. 
 
 CHE'STER, S. [called Deia or Deunana, 
 by the Romans '■, Caer-hon, the town of the 
 legion, or Cair-'ecn J-'^aur, the town of the 
 great legion, by the Welch ; and hii^facejltr, 
 which fignifies the fame, by the SaxonsJ the 
 chief city in Cheshire, which took its name 
 from its being the pK^ce of a Roman camp. 
 It was incorporated by Henry 111. into a dil- 
 tinft county, to be governed by a mayor and 
 aldermen. It is diftant 140 computed, or iSz 
 meafured miles from London, being, ixcord 
 jng to Camden, in 20 deg. 23 min. long, and 
 53 Hfi;. II min. ht. 
 
 CHEST-FOU'NDERING, S.in Farriery, 
 a difeafe in horfcs which rcfembles a pleurify, 
 or peripneumony in men. 
 
 CHE'TON, S. in Gardening, a fpecies of 
 plum. 
 
 CHE'VALIER, S. a knight. In Heraldrj 
 
 C H I 
 
 a horfeinaB armed at all points, or in. compile 
 
 armour. 
 
 CHE'VAL DE FRISE, S. [pronounced 
 fhevaul de freeze, Fr. a Friefland horfe, be- 
 caule invented in thofe parts ; the plural cbe- 
 ■vaux defrlfe^ in Fortification, apiece of tim- 
 ber traverfed with wooden fpikes, five or fix 
 feet long, pointed with iron, ufed for flop- 
 ping up breaches, orfecuring any avenue from 
 the enemy's cavalry. 
 
 CHE'VERIL, S. [ebi^rehuU, Fr.] a kid. Fi- 
 guratively, kid leather. 
 
 CHE'VRON, S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, one 
 of the honorary ordinaries, reprefenting t\vo 
 rafters of a houfe, joined together, fo as to 
 form an angle, and is the fymbol of protec- 
 tion. Fir ebt-vron, is when the field is divid- 
 ed only by two fingle lines, rifing from the 
 two bafe points, and meeting in a point above, 
 like the chevron this \ittxme.A party per che-vron. 
 
 To CHEW, V. A. to bite or gr-nd meat into 
 Imall pieces between the teeth, proper for fwaU 
 lowing. Figuratively, to meditate, ruminate, 
 or revolve in the mind. " Cheiuing revenge." 
 Prior. Neuteriy, to revolve olten in the 
 thoughts, to ruminate, or meditate upon, 
 Ufed with on, or upon. 
 
 CHICA'NE, S. [Fr.] in Law, the art of 
 ptotrafting a caufe by frivolous objections 
 In the Schools, the ufe of fophifms, diftinc- 
 tions, and fubtleties, in order to prolong dif- 
 putes, and ohfcure the truth 5 artifice. 
 
 To CHICA'NE, V. A. [chkaner, Fr.] to 
 prolong a contelt by artifice and fubtleties. 
 
 CHICA'NER, %.\_chicaneur, Fr.j one who 
 makes ufe of quirks, fubtleties, or any other 
 artifice to obfcure the truth. 
 
 CHICA'NERV, S. [chuarerie, Fr.] an art- 
 ful prolonging any difpuie by frivolous objec- 
 tions, or fubtleties. 
 
 CHICHE'STER, S. the capital of SufTex 
 on the river Levant. It is not very popuLuj, 
 yet a neat city, and the fee of a bifhop. Its 
 crofs, that of Coventry excepted, isthefineft 
 in all England. The fpire of its cathedral is 
 a curious piece of workmanship, and though 
 damaged by lightning fome years ago, yet noC 
 fo much but that it has fince been fubftan- 
 tially repaired. In 1723, at Chichefter, was 
 found, pretty deep in the ground, a large ftone 
 with a Roman infcrip'ion, denoting that a 
 temple was dedicated here to Neptune and Mi- 
 nerva, in the reign of Tiberius Claudius. It 
 returns two members to parliament. The 
 principal trade of this pkce is in grinding and 
 drelfjng all the corn that fide of the country 
 can fpare, and fending it to London in the 
 meal by fea. Refidcs the cathedral, here are 
 five fm^'ll churches. Chichefter was formerly 
 the refid<"nce of the Saxon kings. It lies fif- 
 teen miles E. of Portfmouth, and fifty-t«o 
 S. W. cf London. Lat. 50 deg. 50 min. N. 
 long. 48 min. W. It hasthr*v- weekly mar- 
 kets, on Wednefilay, Friday, and Saturday j 
 and its annual fairs are held on April 23, 
 a Whit^un'
 
 C H I 
 
 Whitfun Monday, Auuft 5, for horfes and 
 horned cattle, Ocluber 10, for the litter arti- 
 cle, and Oflober 20 for both. 
 
 CHICK, or CHICKEN, S. [duen, Sax. 
 kiecken, or kuyckfn, Belg, kuckk'sn, Teut.] the 
 young of a fowl, or hen. Chick is u fed fi- 
 guratively for a vsrorrf of tendernefs. Some- 
 times it is ufed for a perfon not ariived tothc 
 years of tnarurity, and void of experience. 
 
 CHKCKEN-HEARTED, Adj. timorous; 
 cowardly. 
 
 _ CHl'CKEN-POX, S. in Medicine, a fpe- 
 cjes of the fmall-pox, but the puftules are not 
 fo large. 
 
 CHI'CKLING,S. a fmall or voung chicken. 
 
 CHI'CK-WEED, S. [ck'cen metan, Sax. 
 fo called from its being much delighted in by 
 chickens] in Botany, a trailing kind of a 
 veed, much ufed by bird-breeders. 
 
 To CHIDE, V. A. [preter, f^/Vf, particip. 
 paff, chid, or chidden j cidin, Six. cidde, pre- 
 ter. and part, paflive] to reprove with fome 
 degree of warmth and anger for faults, " Chide 
 himyir fault'." Sbak. To blanne 01 find fault 
 with, beautifully applied to inai;imate thing;;. 
 *' Fountains, o'er the pebbles, chid your ftay •'' 
 Dryd. To icold or reprove fevcteiy. " What 
 hu.i he to do to chidu at me r" Siakeffi. To 
 IHcike a noile as in a paffion, elegantly ap- 
 plied to inanimate things. " As doth a rock 
 Sgaiuft the chiding fiood." Sick, 
 
 CFII'DER, S."one that is addiSed to re- 
 proof, or fond of blaming. 
 
 CHIEF, Adj. [pronounced ch:if, from 
 (hef, Fr. the head] the major put, or gxeat- 
 «ft member; principal, including the idea of 
 fupt-rior rank and activity, 
 
 CHIEF, S, [pronounced che;f. Sea the 
 adjeftivej a commander, applied to one who 
 eommands an army, In Heraldry, the tipper 
 pait of an efcutchcon, running acrofs from 
 fide to fide. 
 
 CHIE'FLESS, Adj. without a chief or 
 pcmmsiider. 
 
 CHIE'FLY, Adv. ge.-.erally j for the moft 
 pr greateft part ; principally. 
 
 CHIE'FRIE, S. an acknowledgment paid 
 %Q the lord. 
 
 CHIE'FTAfN, S. one who commands aa 
 army ; the head o! a clan. 
 
 CHI'LBLAIN, S. fmall red rtiining tumors, 
 sppeatirig on the fingers, toes, and heels, und 
 when nrraking sut on the heels, called kilcs. 
 
 CHiLO, S. [plural, children, in imitation 
 of the Dutch cihl, S^x.J an infant, or perlon 
 in its tendereft years j the offspring of a per- 
 ion ; the dtfcendant of a man of any aee. 
 
 To CHILD, V. N. to bring fonh, or bear 
 chiliiren. Figuratively, to be prolific, or 
 /rui'fiil, oppofed to bairsp, 
 
 CHULD-BEARiNG, the afl of bearing 
 cliildreri ; pregnancy. 
 
 CHi'I-t>-P.ED, S. a lying-in ; or the ilate 
 (»f a ',v'n)»n juft ^f^gf Ijtt (Jciivery. 
 
 e H I 
 
 OHPLD BIRTH, 5. labour; travel j 4e}b 
 
 very. 
 
 CHILDERMAS-p.^Y, S, the day or| 
 
 which Herod's m.ifT.icre of the children at 
 Jerufalem, on account of Chnft's birth, i9 
 commemorated. 
 
 CHI'LDHQOD, S. the flate of a child j 
 the inteivdj between infancy and youth. 
 
 CHI'LDISH. Adj. rcrembiinga child ia 
 ignorance, fimplicity, and trifling j f^c for, 
 and only becoming a child. 
 
 CHI'LDISHLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 only becomes a child j in a trifling, indifcrecS 
 manner. 
 
 CHI'LDISHNESS, S, want of dlfcretlon, 
 knowledge, experience, and gravity. 
 
 CHl'LDLESS, Adj. without children. 
 
 CHl'LDLIKE, Adj. that which refemble« 
 the rations and fentiments of a child. 
 
 CHI'LI, S. a kingdom extending from the 
 frontiers of Peru to the (Ireights of iVIagellan, 
 in South America, being 530 leagues. Chi]| 
 and Peru are feparated by the defart of Ataca- 
 mo. Eaftwatd fome parrs of Chili terminate 
 on the frontiers of Paraguay ; though fome 
 uninhabited defarts intervene ; and others 
 confine on Buenos Ayres. Its Weflern boun- 
 dary in the South S;a, extending from lat. 27 
 deg. nearly t3 that of Copoyapu, to 53 deg. 
 30 min. S. But this kingdo.m, as inhabite4 
 by Spaniards, begins at Copoyapu, and termi- 
 nates ;u the ifljnd of ChiJoe; the foujhern 
 ^stremlty of which is in lat. 34 dej. S. and 
 its extent from W. to E. is the" diibnce be- 
 tween the Cordillera, which ia here fiupen- 
 doufly high, and the coaft of the South Ses, 
 that is, about thirty leagues. The martial 
 genius of the Indians of this kingdom hm'n 
 lonfiderably retarded the redudljn of it by 
 ihe Sp.miards; (o that its captain-generalfnip 
 has only four pirticular governments ; namely, 
 u^ie major-gsFieralfhip of Chili, Valparaifo, 
 Valdivia, arui Chiloe. Iti jurifdidlions are, 
 I. Santiago. 2. P..ancagua. 3. Colch.igua. 4. 
 Chilian. 5. Aconcagua. §. M;lipilli. 7. Quil- 
 lota. o. Coijuimbo. 9. Ci>puy„ou and Guafco, 
 10. Mendo^i. And, n. L^ Conception. 
 
 CHi'LlAD, S. [;^aj«;, Gr.J a thoufand, 
 or a coUeiHion of ih'ingo or years an5o;^ntiag 
 to a thouf.uid. 
 
 CHlLlFA'CTIGN, S. the art of turning 
 or converting any t.ud or fubibnce into chyle. 
 
 CHIi.IF.A'C FIVE, Adj. [from chyle ar.J 
 fjCdive] producini;, or forming chyle. 
 
 CKlLIFAi'CTORY, Adj. ihac vyhich c?ij 
 produce chyle. 
 
 CHILL, S. \l':igh, Celg. csk, 5«. cojd] 
 cold, or that wiil^h Hops the circulation of 
 any fluid by its coldnefs. Figuratively, fhivsr- 
 i.ig with, pr having the lenfjtion of colj ; 
 depreifed, dejeded ; diicoiiraged, or rendcresj 
 inadtivx by iome difappi/iiitine^: or terrjbli? 
 objc<Si. 
 
 'Xo CHTLL, y. A. to. r:4ucf fio.-ti a ftate
 
 CHI 
 
 of wxrmth to cne of coldnefs 
 to ;^op or reprefs any mf't.on 
 
 and dejed ; to blall or oeftroy by cold 
 
 CHILLINESS, S. celdj a fenfation which 
 produces (hiveiing. 
 
 CHl'uLY, Adj. [from rbill and !y, of lig. 
 Sax. implying plenty cr excefsj that wliich 
 aboundt in rc'rigerating particles; that which 
 proceeds (rcn chilnefs or cold, 
 
 CFtl'LMlNAR, S. the nobleft and ir.oft 
 beautiful piece ot' architecture amorg all the 
 ruins of antiquity, being the ruins of the fa- 
 mous palace of Perfepulis, fired by Alexander 
 the Great, when intoxicated, it the perfuafion 
 of Th=is his ccurtezan. 
 
 CHi'LNFSS, S. the fenfa-ion of cold pro 
 duciive ot fhiveringj the quality of producing 
 the fenfation of cold. 
 
 CHIMB, S. Ikimbe, 'Selg-} the end of a 
 barrel or tub. 
 
 CHIME, S. |"froiD chirms, cr churm, har- 
 mony produced either by a concert of bird: or 
 mufical inf^ru.T.enis] in Mufic, forr.-.eily ufcd 
 for a concord, or the founding of the fame 
 note on feverat inftiviments at once. In Hing- 
 ing, the founding all the bells of a f^eeple af- 
 ter one another, with all the variations in 
 their order that can produce mufic, or an a- 
 jreeable harmony. Applied to Cbcks, a kind 
 of periodical mufic, pividuced by a particulnr 
 api'aratu?, w herein ha:Tmers of different fizcfe 
 are tut in motion, and pK'y forre tune on bells. 
 Figuratively, harmony of temf ers, proportion, 
 or other relations. In Poetry, the fyilable at 
 the end of a verfe, which has the fame found 
 9S th't of the precedlf'g one. 
 
 To CHIME, V. N. to found a concord ; 
 to agree in found. Figuratively, to be mufi- 
 cal. To anf>ver each other, applied to rela- 
 tive terms ; to scouiefce in j to agree with. 
 Applied to Pofctry, lo make the coacluding 
 fyilables of two verfes end with the fame let- 
 ters or |iiuf»d. 
 
 CHIME R A, S. [rh'mara] a poe'ical fic- 
 tion of a monfter, conripoled of an union of 
 the pKiis ol difierent aMmols. I'igi.ratively, 
 a groutidl.^fs or vain imagination, « hich has 
 bo fuuiidatirn in reafon cr nature. 
 • CHIMPRICAL, Adj. that which is the 
 mere product of fancy or imagination ; ima- 
 ginary, fantaltic. 
 
 CHIME'RICALLY, Adv. in a \s\\i, fan- 
 taftie, vain manner ; v^iihnut any reality ; 
 without anyexiiience but in the imag-.nation. 
 CHi'MNEY, S. [der.inJe, Fr. cberr.-r.ca, 
 Span, cammus, Lat.] in Architefture, the paf- 
 f3ge or funnel throui^h which the fmoak a- 
 Icends in a builJ'ng. A turret cr building at 
 the top of a houfe, through which the fmoak 
 palVes : the hearth or fire-place. Ch.mrey-cir- 
 tier, is the fire-fide, or, in country places, a 
 feat at each end of the fire-grate. Cb-mr.ry- 
 fisccs, is a cotnpofi'.ion of certain mouldings 
 Handing on the lorcfioe of the jauinbs, and 
 ccming cv:r the mantle-tree. 
 
 CHI 
 
 Figuratively,! CHIN, S. the lower part of tlic face from 
 to difcouragel the under lip. 
 
 CHi'NA, S. in Geography, an opulent 
 empiie, fituated on the eafiern verge of the 
 Afijtic continent, bounded on the North by 
 liaft and Well Tartary, from which it is di- 
 vided by a prodigious wall, 15CO miles in 
 length On the Eaft it is boundea by the Eaft 
 ocean ; on the V/eft by the empire ot the Mo- 
 f^ul and India beyond the Ganges ; and on the 
 South by the kingdo-n of Lao, Tonquin, 
 Ava, Crchin China, and the Indian fea. 
 
 CHI'N-COUGH, b. in Medicine, a violent 
 dry cough, a^'efting children, even to a danger 
 of fuftjcation It is generally cured by bleed- 
 ing and balfamics. 
 
 GHINE, S. [can. Arm. efchine, or chlncr, 
 Fr. cbiena, Ital.J the part of the back con- 
 taining ti.e fpine or back-bone. ' 
 
 To CHINE, V. A. to cut into chines ; to 
 fplit along the back-bone. 
 
 CHINK, S. [cine, S.x. kVineke, Belg, c'tnan. 
 Sax. to g'^pe] a narrow gape, or opening, 
 whereby the ccntaft of the parts of a body is 
 dilToivedja fr. sll or narrow opening lengthwife. 
 To CHINK, V. A. to make money or 
 pieces of any metal found by fhaking them 
 together. Ncuterly, to make a found by being 
 ihaken together ; to break in clifis or gapes, 
 applied to ground. 
 
 CHl'NKY, Adj. full of narrow holes, 
 gapes, or clitts. 
 
 CHiNTS, S. a fine drth manufaftured of 
 cotton in the E^ft Indies, generally printed 
 with lively and durable colours. 
 
 To CHIP, V. A. to cut wood into fmall 
 pieces. To cut off the cruft df a loaf, applied 
 to bread. 
 
 CHIP, S. [cyp. Sax. See the verb] a fmall 
 piece of wood leparaito from a larger by a 
 bill, or cutting tool j any fmall piece cut off 
 from a larirer. 
 
 CHI'PPING, S, the aflion of cutting off 
 fmoll pieces from timber or other matter. 
 Figuratively, a fmall piece. 
 
 CH1'R.-\'gRA, S. [froin yS'i,Gr. a hand, 
 and B.y:a, a IpoilJ in Medicine, the gout in 
 the hand. 
 
 CHl'RAGRICAL. Adj. [ (xom cb\ragra1 
 being fubj.ft to the gout in the hands. 
 
 CHIRO'GRAPHY, S. [from x^f. Gr. a 
 hand, and jfafa;, to write cr aelcribej a 
 perfoij's hand-writing ; a defcription of the 
 lines of a perfon's hand, or palmiftry. 
 
 CHIRO'MANCER, S. [trom -/i^iy ^r. 
 and fj-ayrii;, a prophctj one who pretends to 
 foretel fu'ure events by infpetlinj; the lines of 
 a perfon's hand. 
 
 CHI'ROMANCY, S. the pretended art of 
 foretelling what fhall happen to a perlon, by 
 in*pe£ling the lines of his hand ; palmiflry. 
 
 To CHJRP, V. N. fformed from the 
 found] to make a noifc l.ke a fparrow, or 
 birds which call to one another. Ufed actively, 
 , to make £ay, or cheerful. 
 
 CHI'RPER,
 
 C H O 
 
 CHIR'PER, S. a bird that malce* a noife 
 iike a (p^rrow, or calls to another j a pcrfon 
 that is fay, che-rtui, or ineiry. 
 
 CHIXURGEON, S. [commonly and cor- 
 ruptly pronouncedy«r^wn, from yj^S- ^''' * 
 hand, and i-y:^, Gr. a wnrkj Oiie who cures 
 loch dilo'ders, hurts, or ailments, as require 
 external applications, or the operations of the 
 hand. 
 
 CHIRURGERV, S. [See Cblrur^eo,,'] the 
 art of CMring wounds and difeales, by external 
 application?, or operations of the hand, 
 
 CfiIRU'RGlC,orCFIIRU/R.GICAL,Arii. 
 bivinri qualities fit for external or outward ap 
 plication, " The ch.rurgicat oi phyfical vir- 
 tues of wax," Martin, Bc-loneing to exturn.il 
 or manual opeiation; or apjjlicjtions in heal- 
 ing. 
 
 CHI'SEL, S. [cueau, Fr. nfeHo, Ira!, of 
 fc'iffum, fiipine of /i/«i/o, Lat.] atoolmaJeof 
 iron, pretty long, thin, and fometimes ground 
 to an edge, uled in carpejitry, joining, njafon- 
 ry, fciilptii'-e, &c. 
 
 CHIT, S. [Uotn cito, Ital.] a young, little 
 child ; a mce baby j a word ufed in anger, 
 and exorefiive of contetnpt. 
 
 CHIT-CHar, S. [a cant-word formed 
 from the reduplication or repetition and cor- 
 ruption of the word chat^ idle and unimprov- 
 ifip difcoiirfe, 
 
 CHI'TTERLINGS, S. fnot ufed in the 
 firgular, from fchyterllrg, Bclg. Jhilterlirjgs, 
 Eng according to Skinner, from kutteln, Teut. 
 the inteftlnesj the guts or bowejs, generally 
 applied to thofe of beads fit for food. Like- 
 wife the frill, or border fcwed on the bofom 
 of a man's fhirr. 
 
 CHPVaLRY, S. {cketak-ie,Tr.kn\i'nt- 
 hood, from che'va!, Fr, a hnrl'ej knighthood, 
 or milit-ry dignity. The quUificaliun of a 
 knight, including; courage, honour, and dex- 
 terity in the u'e of arms ; 'he profefOon, or 
 rules to be obferved by a knight ; an adven 
 ture, or exploit, 
 
 CHIVES, S, [fiw, cew, Fr.] in Bnfanv. 
 th^ ftamina which fupport the fummits iji t.Se 
 ctnter of flowers ; or the fmall knobs growing 
 on the ends of the fine threads or ftumina of 
 flowers. 
 
 CHLORO'SIS, S. f;)(;>,D{'^. Or, from ;^^J.,, 
 grafs] in Medicine, the green-ficknefs, 
 
 CHO'COLATE, S, [SpanirnJ fometimes 
 ufed for the nut of tiie cocoj-tree, which, in 
 botany, has an empalcment of fine fpcir-fhaped 
 leaves ; the flower has five pet.ils irieguLirly 
 indented, and five ere£l ftammi ; in the cen- 
 ter is an oval germen, which aftcrv. ards be- 
 comes an oblong pod, woody, warttd, and di- 
 vided into five cells, filled with ovjI compref- 
 fed, flefhy feeds. It has but one I'pccies ; and 
 was daded by father Plumier, who commu- 
 nicated it5 charadlers toMr. Tuiiinerort. Cho- 
 colate, vAi'cn applied to fijinify tlie cake frnm 
 whence the liquor is made, is a compofition 
 tf Che »ut^ fugar, and vamlla ^ to xhn luuic 
 
 C H O 
 
 add fpices, efpecially the Spaniards., but thu 
 mixture is Jiiagretable to an Eojlifn palate. 
 Choc(.!ate-h(i:tje, is a place where only choco- 
 late IS fo!a ready made, and reftmbling a 
 coffee-houfe. 
 
 CHOICE, S. \choix, Fr,] a faculty or a£l 
 of the will, by which it prefers one thing to 
 another, incbaing that it is in our p.iwer to 
 have determ.nsd otherwife. Figurativelv, the 
 preferring or determining in behalf of a thing 
 un reaion ib!3 motives; the thing cholen ; 
 th»t which merits a preference, or oujh' to be 
 p.'eteried j a variety of things oirsred to the 
 mind or judgment, thjt it may feled from 
 '.hence ihofe which aie bsft. To mjke choict 
 ofy is to prelftr or feleiSl one or more things 
 tioni feveul wiiich are propofed to the judg- 
 ment or will, 
 
 CHOICE, Adj, {"comparative cbo'icer, fa- 
 perlaiive ch-jhej], cbJjl, Fr.J of fuperior ex- 
 cellence. Moft valuable, or bert, " My 
 ch'Jccfi hours of life are loft." Careful, frugal, 
 oppofej tn prodigal, or profufe. " He that 
 n choice of his time, will ic cliice of hi» 
 company.'' Ttjyhr. 
 
 CHOI'CELESS, Adj, without the power 
 of chooling, 
 
 CHOI'L'ELY, Adv. with all the quillfici- 
 tio.ns which .liould determine the will to give 
 a prtferencc, 
 
 CHOI'CENESS, S. that quality which 
 determines the will to givj it a preference ; 
 valui, or fupsrior excellence which claims a 
 pre!erei)ce, 
 
 CHOIR, S. [pronounced qttir\ thorus, Lat,] 
 a band or company of finge>s. " The. chair 
 together fung Te D;um." Shai. " The choir 
 ot angels." PFalUr. That part of a church 
 where the chorifers and clergy are placed. 
 
 To CHOKE, V. A. to flop up the paffage 
 of the throat fo, that a perfon cannot breathe} 
 to kill by ftoppmg a perfon's breath. To ftop 
 up any pafl"..;!- ; to intercept or obftruft the 
 motion of any thing, 
 
 CHOKE, S, in Botany, the filamentoua 
 or capillary p.irt of an artichoke, immediately 
 covering the firfiiy part of ihe bottom, 
 
 CHO'K.E-1'E AR, S. in Gardening,arougJi, 
 harfh, unpalatabie psar, 
 
 CHO'K.Y, Adj, tlidt which cannot eafily 
 be fwallowed, but is apt to flick in the paf- 
 fag:, and ftop the breath. 
 
 CHO'LEK, S. [cholt-a, Lat. coin, Fr.J 
 in Anatomy, the bile ; which abounding very 
 much in an^ry perlons, is u!cd figuiaiively for 
 an(;er. 
 
 CHO'LERIC, or CHOaERlCK., A.lj; 
 abounding with chckr, Figuiatively, angry j 
 eafily pmvokcd j p'ffionate. 
 
 To CHOOSi:, V. A, \^XK\txlchoft,Iha'ut 
 ch-ci'cn, or ch^ji, from Ccftn, Sux, choifer, Fr, 
 Xif/MjTeut, khy'ir, B^"Ig. chuXiiJji!, Perl, cbeice, 
 Fot./c/ji'.Yj.V, Rod'. ) to preier, or take from 
 leveial things oiVjicJ j to stive the preference 
 to j to will; \.^ ckft , or pick cut of a number. 
 P » CHO'O.iR,
 
 C H O 
 
 CHO'OS'ER, S. one who has the power of 
 e}io.)f)nf j one who has a right to vote for a 
 peifon who is candidate for any poft ; an elec- 
 tor. 
 
 To CHOr, V. A. [preter ckopt^ or I have 
 tbopt, kapper, Belg. couper, f r.] to cut with 
 a cleaver, axe, or chopping knife, by a quick 
 and ludden llrcke ; to devour or eat quickly. 
 " Cbcff':ng up your entertainment," Dryd. 
 Neuteily, to change with a quicic and unex- 
 peifled motion. " The wind chopt about." 
 To appear as if cut, applied to the eft'eds ol 
 cold or hdid weather on the han^is. " Her 
 pretty chopt hands." i>hak. 
 
 To CHOP, V, A. {kGopen, Belg. ceapen, 
 Sax. to buy] to purchafe by exchanging one 
 thing for a.'-.olher; to take a thing back agjin 
 which haa been given ia exchange 5 to be 
 fickle in one s cho'ce. 
 
 CHOP, S. a piece cut off by a fudden 
 blow; a pece of meat cut off from a joint, 
 generally conhned 10 mutton. A chink, clelt, 
 hole, or vucuivy made by the warping of wood. 
 Cbop-hcitfe, a kind of cook's (hop, where meat 
 is reidy drilled, fo called from their deahng 
 mofilv in mutton chops. 
 
 GHO'PPiNG, Adj. [fiom cbhppinejhtgc 
 or lufty, applied to infants. " The fjir and 
 c^5;>;iin^ child. " Fent. Chcppirg.L'ock, a \ong 
 thick block of wood, ufed by butchers to cleave 
 or chop their meat up^n. Chopping- krife, a 
 larger foiiof kni:e, ufed for chopping or min- 
 cing meat. 
 
 CHOP'PY, Adj [from chop'] full of holes, 
 or clefts 5 appearing as if cut, or chopt, owing 
 to the efledts of cold, applied to the hands, (jfc. 
 
 CHOPS, S. [it has no fmgular.and is fup 
 pofed by John Ton to be a ci>rru()tion o( Chaps] 
 the mouih ot a beaft. Figuratively, ufed jn 
 contempt for the mouth of a man. 
 
 CHO'RAL [from chorus, Lat.J belonging, 
 to, or compofing a choir, or chorus, 
 
 CHORD, [pronounced hard, as if the h 
 was droppe(i ; when it implies a ilring made 
 of heinp or lilk, it is fpell corj, but when it 
 retains its primitive fenle, the i> is retained] 
 the rtring of a mufical irJlrument, by the vi- 
 bration of which all founds arc excited, as by 
 its diviGons the feveral degrees of tune are 
 determined. In Geometiy, a right line, ler- 
 xnipated at each end of ns extremities in the 
 circumference of a circle, but not palliii}; 
 throii|!h its centre. Line of chori's, is one ot 
 the lines of the feTfor or plain fc.nle. In An 
 atomv, a little nerve extending ovtr tljed'-nm 
 of the ear, fuppoled by f. mc to vary and mo- 
 dify founds ihjt l>i3at on the tympanum, in the 
 fame manner as the braces or filings fttetched 
 over the w^r-orum. 
 
 CHORIA'WBUS, S. [Lat,] in Latin Po 
 etry, a foot confiHing of four fylhblcs, the 
 firit and laft of which are long, and the two 
 middle ones fhort. 
 
 CHO'RiON, S. [from /yiW, Gr. to hold 
 or contain] in Anatoir.v, a thick, (Ircng, 
 
 C H R 
 
 whltiffi membrane, covered with a great num- 
 ber of branches of veins and arteries, and the 
 outward membrane which wraps the foetus. 
 
 CHO'RISTER, S. one who fmgs in a 
 choir, generally applied to fignify a fint^ing boy. 
 Figuratively, one who fings or makes part of 
 a chorus, beautifully applied to birds. 
 
 CHORO'GR APHER, S. [from x^f", Cr. 
 a region, and y^ct^pci!, to defcribe] he that 
 defcnbes particular regions or countries. 
 
 CHORO'GRAPHV, S. [See CHORO- 
 GR APHER J the art of defctibing particular 
 regions and countries, either in words or by 
 maps. Its objeft is more confined than that 
 of geography, and more txten&ve than that of 
 topography. 
 
 CHO'RUS, S. [Lat.] a number of ringers 
 joining in the fame piece or tune. Figuratively, 
 that part cf a fong in which a whole company 
 join. In Antient Drama, one or more perfons 
 prefent on the ftage duting adramatic perform- 
 ance,- fuppofed fometiiTits as by-flandert, at 
 other: jerving to introduce or prepare the au- 
 dience for the jntroduflion of any particular 
 incident ; and origi.nally the only performers 
 on the Itage. 
 
 CHOSE, the preter of CHOOSE. 
 
 CHO'SEN, the participle pjlTive of 
 CHOOSE. 
 
 CHOUGH, S. [ceo, Sax. chcucas, Fr.] in 
 Natural Hiftory, a bird, like a jack-daw, but 
 fomewhat bigger, which frequents rocks by the 
 fea-fide. 
 
 CHOULE, S. [commonly pronounced and 
 written joiv/, from gula, l.i:. a throat] the 
 crop of a bird, adhering to the lower fide of 
 the bill, and defcendin^ by its throat, fome- 
 what refembling a bag or fatchel, and ferving 
 as a kind of firft ftomach to prepare its food 
 lor digctUon. 
 
 To CHOUSE, V. A. to deprive a perfon 
 of any thing by plaufible ftories, or (alfe . 
 pretences. 
 
 CHOUSE, S. one who is a proper obj,efl: 
 for fraud ; a bubble, or tool ; a trick or /ham. 
 
 CHRISM, S. [from x^irfxx, Gr. of xfw, 
 to anoint] the a£l of anoinring j applied gene- 
 rally to anointing, as the initiation into fome 
 office, or rendering a perfon qualified for fome 
 profefiion, a fcriptural fenfe. 
 
 CHRIST, S. [a/.i/?^j, Lat. of Xfiro;, Gr. 
 anointed, Crij'}, Sax J one of the appellations 
 given to our Lord and Saviour Jefus, fignifying 
 the fame as MjjJab, uf;d by the Jews, and 
 both importing the validity of his claim to 
 the high charaif^T he afliimtd, and the reality 
 of his being quilified to undertake the great 
 work of rcdemotio.T. 
 
 ToCHRl'STEN, V. A. [chri/lrsian, Sax. 
 from Cr:J?, Sax. Cluift] to initiate or enter 
 into the church of Chrift by the facraraent of 
 bapiifm. Figuratively, to give a thing a name, 
 alluding to the praftice of naming perlons at 
 this ceremony. " Cbiijim the thing what you 
 will." Buir.ri, 
 
 CHRIS-
 
 C H R 
 
 CrtRI'STENDOM, S. [chriftendome, Sax. 
 from crijlene, Sax. Chriftian, and dome, Sax. 
 office, province, or dominion] the colledtive 
 booy of Chrilriaas j thofe parts wherein Chri- 
 ftianity is profelTed. 
 
 CHRl'S TENING, S. the ceremony of bap- 
 tifm. 
 
 CHRKSTIAN, S, [chrijVams, Lat.^firt*- 
 vcf, Gr.j a perfon who believes in Chrift, and 
 profelTes the principles of his religion. They 
 who profefled the religion of Jefus, were at 
 firft termed Difciples, but the title of CbriJ- 
 t'lans was firft given to thofe of Antioch, as 
 appears frofn the AEisof the j4foJlks. 
 
 CHRl'STIAN, Adj. [chnjhanus, Lat. crif- 
 ttr.e, criflenefolc, crijiene men, Sax.] profefling 
 the Chriftian religion. The. Moji Cbiijiian king 
 IS a title all'umed by the king of France, fup» 
 pofed by French antiquarians to have been giv- 
 en originally by Gregory the Great, to Charles 
 Mattel. 
 
 CHRI'STIAN-NAME, [from crijienena- 
 man, Sax.] is that name which is given a per- 
 fon at his baptifm. 
 
 CHRISTIA'NITY, S. [chritiente, Fr.] 
 the doftrines delivered by Chriit and his Apof- 
 tles, and profefled by Chriftians. 
 
 To CHRISTlAN'iZE, V. A. [from cnft. 
 tiian, Sax. J to convert a perfon, or convince 
 him of the truth of the doftrines of Chiiftia- 
 nity. 
 
 CHRIST'MAS, S. the day on which the 
 nativity of our bleffed Saviour is celebrated. 
 Chrijimai-iiox, a box in which money collefted, 
 as gifts, by fervant?, at Chriftmas, is kept. 
 Figuratively, the collections made at Chrifl- 
 mas. 
 
 CHRO'MA, S. [Gr. colour] in Rhetoric, 
 the method made ufe of to palliate any circum- 
 Itance. 
 
 CHROMA'TIC, Adj. [from chroma] in 
 Painting, that part which confifts in colouring. 
 
 CHRO'NIC, or CHRONICAL, Adj. [from 
 X?*'''©', Gr.] that which endures or lafts a 
 long time. In Medicine, applied to thofe dif- 
 eafes which are oppofed to the acute, or fuch 
 as foon come to a crifis. 
 
 CHRO'NICLE, S. [chronijue, Fr.] a re- 
 gular account of tranfactions in the order they 
 happen ; a hiftory. 
 
 To CHRO'NICLE, V. A. to infert in a 
 hiftory ; to be recorded ; to be made famous, 
 X)t h.inded down to the memory of pofterity. 
 
 CHIIO'NICLER, S. one who writes a re- 
 gular account of tranfadtions according to the 
 order in which they were peiformed j an hi- 
 Aorian. 
 
 CHRO'NOGRAM, S. f from ^fv©-, Gr. 
 time, and y^a/j.f/.a, a writing, of y^u^co, to 
 write] an inlcription, whole numeral letcets 
 ■compofe fome particular date. 
 
 CHRONO'LOGER, S. one who makes 
 the fettling the dates of foimer tranfactions 
 his particular ftudy. 
 
 CHRONOLO'GICAL, Adj. relating to 
 
 C H U 
 
 chronology ; the periods in which any trani- 
 a£^ions happened. 
 
 CHRONOLO'CICALLY. Adv. in hrh. a 
 manner as is confiftent with the rules of chro- 
 nology. 
 
 CHRONOLO'GIST, S. SeeCHRONO- 
 LOGER. 
 
 CHRONO'LOGV, S. [See CHRONO- 
 LOGER] the att of tracin;; the times wherein 
 any remarkable tranfadVum is performed. 
 
 CHRONO'METER, S. [from x^:'-^, G''' 
 an 1 |ixel^ev] an inftrument ufed for the mea- 
 fuiing time. 
 
 ' CHRY'SALIS, S. [of X;i^o-(S>-, Gr.j in Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a worm or caterpillar in its fe- 
 cond ftate, wherein it continues without eat- 
 ing, or any motion unlefs in its t.iil, for foms 
 time, till it butfts its pellicle, and changes in- 
 to a moth or butterfly. 
 
 CHR'YSOLITE, S. [from Xi""^®^' Gr. 
 and Xt5^- • a general term given b> the ancients 
 to all precious ftones, that had a caft of gold 
 or yellow in their compofition. Among mo- 
 derns, a precious ftone of a dufky-^/een colour, 
 with a caft of yellow. 
 
 CHUB, S. jn Natural Hiftory, a non-fpi- 
 nous fifti, or that which has no prickly fins, 
 and only one on its back. 
 
 CHU'BBED, Adj. Figuratively, having a 
 large head, alluding to that of a chub. 
 
 To CHUCK, V. N. to make a noife like 
 a partridge, or a hen calling her chickens. 
 
 To CHUCK, V. A. [cbic, Fr.J to give a 
 perfon a gentle ftroke under the chin ; to en- 
 deavour to throw money into a holt-, made in 
 the ground, at fome dlftance. 
 
 CHUCK, S. the noife of a henj an ex- 
 prefJion of endearment} a caft, by which a 
 perfon endeavours to throw money into a hole 
 made in the ground for that purpufe. Chuck- 
 farthing, a play wherein mon^y ii chucked in- 
 to a hole made in the ground. 
 
 ToCHUC'KLE, V. A. [fchaecien, Belg.J 
 to laugh vehemently, to as to be out of breaih ; 
 to call like a hen. Figuratively, to fondle, 
 or chuck under the chin. 
 
 CHUFF, S. a coarfe, heavy, blunt, furly, 
 and paflionate clown, 
 
 CHU'FFY, Adj. furly, morofe. 
 
 CHUMP, S. a thick heavy piece of wood, 
 lefs than a block. 
 
 CHURCH, S. [cyric, c'lrce. Sax. kerke, 
 Belg. hirch, Teut. Kijiaxu, Gr. from Kv^i®', 
 Lord, and o,k©^, a houfe] the whole colleiftivs 
 body of Chriftians. *' The whole cjtbalK 
 church.^'' A body or afl'embly of Chriftians, 
 united by the fame principles and doitriiies, 
 and making ufe of the fame mode of woifhip ; 
 aplace of worftiip. In Architefture, a large 
 oblong building, confiftingof a fteeple, beifry, 
 nave, choir, ifles, £^c. 
 
 To CHURCH, V. A, To read the peculiar 
 fervice, of returning thanks to God for a hap- 
 py delivery, with the perfon who is recovered 
 from child-bed. 
 
 P 3 CHURCHILL,
 
 C H U 
 
 forces, and a falary of 10,000 I. psr annuM 
 allowed him, when, Mjy 4, war was declar- 
 ed againft France hy Gre.it-Eiitain, the Ern- 
 pcror, and the States-General, though the 
 French did not proclaim tilt July 3. Upon 
 his return to Enjlsnd, he had the-thanks of 
 the pdrlisment tt^r his conduc>, and the queen 
 created hi:v muyuis of Ulandford, and duke 
 of M/trlborouf h, and gave him 5000 I. a year 
 out of the pof* ctfice tor life, Jn the cam- 
 paign of 1705, his grace took Bonne, with 
 Hiiy and Linntiourg. On July 2, 1704, llis 
 grace attacked ;he enemy, Itrong'y intrenched 
 a'. Schfilenberg, and entirely dcfe.»tcd themi 
 and n-exc morning, he took pofl". ffion of Do- 
 nawerr. On Auguft 4, at th= famoti; battle 
 Blenheim, he t- ta !y routed the er.emy, and 
 took Marfhal Tallard prifoner, whonn he af- 
 terwar.is brought with hifn to England. Upon 
 his arriv.il in England, he noi oiu'y had the 
 thanks of bo'h houfes ol paiiiamcnt, but the 
 commons acdreiling the queen to perpetiia'e 
 hi"! memory, her majefty declared her intention 
 of grartii'a ihe intereil of the .crown in iKe 
 mi'.nor of Woodstock, free frim all incum- 
 Kr.inces ; and a bill paffed both houfe for that 
 pur^ofe. In June 1705, his grate raifed the 
 ffge ot Liege, and the next month retook 
 Hoy, and palVed the enemy's lines, who re- 
 treated with fo much precipitation, that th«y 
 Iftt joco m^n behind them, who were inade 
 priloners. The emneror, as an acknowledg- 
 ment of his eminent ftrvices, msde him an 
 atliul grant of the territory of Mindelheim 
 in Sv.abia. Mjy the 2.3d, 1706, was fought 
 the memorable battla ot Ramillies, i/i which 
 t!ie enemy had about 8coo killed, and 6cco 
 taken piifoners. Ke arrived in England the 
 latter end of November, and received the 
 thanks of both houfes of parliament ; and 
 an aft palled, fettling the hunouis and dig- 
 nities of duke of Marlborough upon |his 
 po:!tiity, aniiexing the manor of Wuodftoclc 
 and Blenheim houfe. On Jnly 12, 1738, 
 the duke and prince Engene beat the French 
 at Oudenard, where the enemy had 4000 
 killed, 5CC0 wounded, and 7000 tjken pri- 
 foners. On September ii, he at'acke^ ihe 
 French at Maljilaquet, and obtained a vicfory. 
 In 17 10, Dov.'ay, Fort Scaipe, Rethune, and 
 fome otiier places were taken. On Decem- 
 ber 2S, he arrived in England 5 but the mi' 
 piftry being changed, and not meeting with the 
 tifual reception, he refigned all his places ; 
 but her majefty renewed his commiffion ; and 
 in April 17 J r, hit grace joined the army, and 
 he was taken into favoi.r again, and appointel i on th-; loth f>f Auguft he inverted Bouchjin, 
 covernor to the duke of Gluureiler, and I'woin which furreiidercd' -Sept. 13th, the garrlfon 
 of the privy council. Towards the latter er.rt being mjde pnfoners of war. This was his 
 of the kin^,'s reign, he was appointed am- lair military exploit ; for he now found him- 
 bafTador extraotdiriary to the StateS-Genetal, j fclf accufed by the houfe of cnnDmons of tak- 
 general of foo*, and commander in chief ofi ing Ijige fums yearly inm the contfa£fors for 
 )]is maiefly's forces in Holland. In i7o;,| bread ano bread waggous, v.lr.cli uas voted 
 vpcn the death of the icing, he \vas entrufted j i.'l-gal ; .ino that iii= tv.'o and a half percent. 
 %vi:h the chief ceoimand ot the confederate [viedu&cd fiom the foreign troops ought to be 
 
 attounted 
 
 C H U 
 
 CHU'RCHILl. [John] dtike of Marlbo- 
 TOu?h, burn Ju ie 24, 1650, was lecond fon 
 of Sir Winilon Churchill, knight, of Wo'- 
 ton, in he county of Wilts, by Elizabeth, 
 d. ughter 01 Sii John Drake, baronet. His 
 fifter who wa', rriaid of hcnour to the duchefs 
 of York, iec->inmendcd him to the duke; 
 who made him me of/his pages of honour ; 
 and foon afterwards prelented him with a pair 
 of coluu-f in the Guards. In 1672, the duke 
 of MriniTiouth gave hirn a captain's comniil- 
 fion in his own rt-giment, when he ferved un- 
 der his Grace, in the Netherlands, aj^.iinfl- the 
 putch, who were at vari nee with Lev.is XIV. 
 At the fieg" of Maeiiricht, the next year, he 
 v.as the firfl who mounted a breach in a hall 
 moon that the Dutch had retaken, and plant- 
 ed the French co'.cuis thereon with his own 
 hind. Upon his return to England, kiug 
 Charles promottd him o te lietu?:iant-eo!or.el 
 cf Sir Charles Lyttleton's regiment of foot. 
 In 1681 he married Sarah, daughter and co- 
 beirefs of Richar'! Jennings Efq; of Sand- 
 ri.::-^, in Henforcfhire. In '683, he was cre- 
 ateu lord Churchill, and baron of Eymovith, 
 anil fiil the comrr-and of the third troop ot 
 horfe-guaics given him. Upon the accellion 
 cf j3;.-.es JI. he ccntinued him in all hiK ein- 
 pl yrr.ents, cteated him baron Cliu;chi!l o! 
 Ss'Jricgc, in the county of Herrford, advanced 
 him to be a brigadier-general,' and fent him 
 ambalTjdor to France, to notify kingChjiles's 
 death, and his own acccfiion. Uptn hi3 re- 
 turn, he was fent to command the troops in 
 the VJc^, agiinfl the ouke cf Monmouth, 
 who had tak.-n up jrms againft his fovereign, 
 ^nd great'y contri. u'ed ;o the viiflory at Sedge- 
 more, which put 311 end to the rebellion As 
 he was one cf thofe who had invited the 
 prince of Orange over, he joined him, upon 
 his landing at Sherborne, excufing himfeU to 
 the kirg by letter for this conduit. His high- 
 nefs continued liim a gentleman ot the bed- 
 chamber ; promoted him to the rank of a 
 lieutenant-general ; and, in April i6?9, ne 
 vas created cail of Mirlbcroujh, in the coun- 
 ty of Wilts J and the fame year he command- 
 ed th : Englifii forces in Fhndeis. Next year 
 he was fent over to Ireland, and reduced Cork 
 and KinCale. In 1691, he atter.ded kin^ 
 William sllihefummer in Flanders. In 169a 
 he fell into ditgrace (upon what occaficn js 
 not dearly known) and the king difmided 
 him his lervice, and foon after he was fent to 
 the Tower, with fome other peers, upon a 
 falfe atcufation of high treafon. In 169
 
 C H U 
 
 accounted for. This accufatioB his grace an- 
 fvvered. However, on January i, Jyia, 
 he was removed trcm all his offices of tiufi: ; 
 and finding every attempt made ule of to ren- 
 der him odicus, he wilely vvuhdrew, and em- 
 barked tor Oftend Nov. 30 j but returning 
 again to England in 17 14, he landed at Dover 
 the very day queen Anne diedj and king 
 George reftored him to 2II his iiigni;ies, tno' 
 he never mote appeared ar the Jic^d of an ar- 
 my. He died at Wi'ndfos-ljdge, June 16, 
 1722, in tie 73d year of his age, and was 
 buried, Auguft 9, wiih all the pomp due to 
 his great fervices, in VVeftminfter Abbey. 
 
 CHURCHILL, (Chaties) the moa re- 
 markable fatyrifi of the prefcnt age, was fon 
 of the Rev. Mr. Churchill, lefturer and 
 curate of St. John's, V/eftminfter. He was 
 educated in Weitminfter-fchool, where he 
 acquired the character of a boy who coulj do 
 v.ell it he would. His imagination was ftrong, 
 but his lemper inflexible ; fo that he lound 
 great difficulty in conforming ro the regularity 
 of a fchool-educaiion. Tnis was, probably, 
 the reafcn uf his being refufed admittance 
 into the univerfity of Oxford, as not being 
 lufficiently acquainted with the learned lan- 
 guages. — He, however, returned to Weft- 
 minrtei-fchoo!, and, at the ufual age, was ad- 
 mitted into holy orders, by the late bilhop of 
 London ; and foon retired to a fmall curacy 
 in Wales, where, in order to add fomething 
 to an inconfideratjle income, he commoced 
 dealer in cyder. This fcheme proving un- 
 fuccefsltil, he was obliged to quit the country ; 
 and underwent a variety of diilrelies, till, 
 rouzed by the eirorts of his friend Mr. R. 
 Loyd, he produced the Roj'dad, geiiprally al- 
 lowed to be his beft pertbrmance. His j^po-' 
 logy to the Critical Re-v'tetoen foon foiluweci j 
 which being likewife well received, our 
 poet became intoxicated with profit and praife, 
 threw oft his clerical habit, commenced a 
 man of the town, and thought his merit a 
 fufficient excufe for his irrcgolarities. It 
 niuft be confelicd by Mr. Churthiii's warmeft 
 admirers, that much of his fuccefs arofe from 
 the choice of fubjcfts, joined to the national 
 and perlonal invectives, with which his pieces 
 abound ; for his poem called Night, being 
 written upon a general fubjeft, tound few 
 readers, and fewer aomirers ; while his Pro- 
 phecy of Famine was bought up with avidity, 
 being, in the words of his friend Mr. Wilkes, 
 perfonal, poetical, and poliiica!. The 6'/^^/, 
 Gotban:, Jndepend , ', and I'he Times, leein 
 rather to be aimed at the pockets than the 
 heads of his readers ; and it is univerfally 
 allowed, that the laft-mentioned piece is dil- 
 graceful to his country, and diflioncurable to 
 himfeK. — He died of a military fever, at 
 Boulogne, where he went on a vifit to Mr. 
 Wilkes, who loft in him a warm friend and 
 an able coadjutor. — Death alfo deprived the 
 J ptiblic of ia epic f ocm, uWi^ CuUudtn, ihn 
 
 C H Y 
 
 plan of which Mr. Churchill had formed, »nA 
 in p.irt executed. Had he lived to have com- 
 pleted his defign, there is reafon to believe 
 he would have acquired more reputation from 
 this work th^n all ti.s othet produftions. ' 
 
 CHIVRCHMAN, S. one who profelf" the 
 religion or mode of worthip by law ettablifli- 
 '^ I j a miiiilter, a perfon who officiates in i| 
 church. 
 
 CHURCHWARDEN, S \cyricean eaUer, 
 Sax. Of from church and ivardrn, of loscLrden, 
 to vvaxh. or keepj an rfHcer eledled yearly, 
 by theminifterand pariftioners of every parliTi, 
 to ii/ok after the church, church-yard, and 
 the thineb belonging co ihem. 
 
 CHURCH-YARD, S. the ground .djoln- 
 jng to a cliurch, wherein the cead are buiied. 
 
 CHURL, S. [carl, Diit. a ruftic, or down, 
 karl, ilL an old man, kaerl, Bclg. ftroii"] a 
 clown, or unpolifhed couutryman. Figura- 
 tively, a mcio'.c, furly, or ill-bred perfoa j 3 
 nit;gard, or a mifcr. 
 
 CHU/RLISH, S. like a rude, ill-bred 
 clown ; lurly, uncivil, felfiiTi, avaricious. 
 
 CHU'RLISHLY, Adv. in a rude, uncivil, 
 unkind, or b-uui manner. 
 
 CHU'RLISHNESS, S.rude, obftinate, and. 
 lurly behaviour. , 
 
 CHURN, S. a veflel in which cream, by 
 violent 01 long agitation, is turned into butter. 
 
 To CHURN, V, A. to make butter, by 
 frequent and continual motion. 
 
 To CHUliE. See CHOOSE. 
 
 CHYLA'JEOUS, Adj, [trom chyle] con- 
 fiding ol c.i!3le-, pirtakiag of the qualilits of 
 thyie ; refembling cbyfe. 
 
 CHYLE, S. {xy>^^, Gr._J in the Animal 
 (Economy, a milky, infipid liquor, confitiing 
 ot oily and mucilaginous particles exiroiTted 
 trom dillblved aliments of ;-very kind, and by 
 a p"Culiar meciianifm convfjcj to he olood . 
 
 CHYLEF'ACTiVE, Adv. [Sec CHY- 
 LIFACTIONJ naving the power of making 
 chyle ; endued with the quality ot converting 
 alimenc into chvle. 
 
 CHYL1F/.C-TJON, S. the ad of con- 
 verting the juice of aliments into a white 
 liquor, aifo ttie chyle. 
 
 CHYLOPO'ETIC, Adj. [from ;)(^t;Xof, and 
 •moiicti, Gr.] having the power or office af 
 converting aliment into chyle. 
 
 CHV'LOUS, Adj. confiding of chyle 5 re- 
 fembling or partaking of the qualities of thyle. 
 
 CHY'MIC, orCHYMICAL, Adj. [cby- 
 miens, Lat.J made by, or relating lOcnymiftry, 
 
 CH V'MIC ALLY, Adv. in a chymical man- 
 ner. 
 
 CHY'MIST, or CHEMIST, S. [See 
 CHYMISTRYj a profclfor ot chymiftry. 
 
 CMY'MISTRY, S. (from yj.'Ao;, Gr.] 
 an art by which fenfibie bodies, contamed in 
 vcndb, 3ie (o changed by means of fire, that 
 their (eveial powers and virtues are thereby 
 difcoveied, their feveral fubftiinces feparatcd, 
 and new boditjs comfolcd by the mixture of 
 ^ i- diffcreiii:
 
 fimerent fjSOances or ihgredisnfS. 
 
 tlBA'RlOUS, AJj. [ci/'arius, Lat.] pro 
 feer for food ; partaking of the qualities of 
 
 CI^CATRICE, or CICATRIX, S. [Lat.] 
 a little feam, or eiev.uion <.f callous fleiTi, 
 jifing and r'sniainitig on the Jkin, after the 
 hfalin*;^ of a v.T>Ond. 
 
 CICATRPSANT, or CiCATRISIVE, 
 Adj. in Mecicir.e, applied to fucii applications 
 ss are deficcatis/c, aia nature to repair tlie fkin 
 bf a wounc', snd forrn znefcbar, 
 
 CICATRIZA'TIGN, S. in Surgery, the 
 &il of heaiing a wound j the ftate of being 
 healed orikinned over. 
 
 To CIC/.TRi'ZE, V. A. [from cicatrix] 
 to apply futh medicines to woundc, as heal 
 and Ikin tlicrrt over j to heal and fi<in a wound 
 Over. 
 
 t 1^ 
 
 fhlta, Or a'Ave tfee, and growing In the ilian^ 
 of Cevlon. 
 
 CINQLJE, S. [Fr] in gaining, a five otl 
 dice, &€. 
 
 CIN'QnEFOIL, S, a kind of five-leaved 
 clover. 
 
 CJ'ON, S. IJion, or felon, Fr.] in Botany^ 
 a young twip, fhoot, or fprout of a tree j 
 a ihoot ingrafted or inferted on a ftock. 
 
 CJ/PHER, S. [chifre, clfra, Ital. ft^hre^ 
 Heb, numbers] an arithmetical charafter <tr 
 njmber marked (o) thus : though of r^o val«e 
 itfelf, in integers it incrcsfes the value of fi- 
 gures, i,vhen let on the right hanti, and de- 
 creafes them in the fame proportion, when fet 
 before 'hem in decimal Iraftions; a col)e£li-' 
 on Or alTemblage of letters, confifting of the 
 initi?.ls of a perfon's name, interwoven toge- 
 ther, and engraved on plate, or painted, in- 
 
 ClCHORA^CEOUS, Adj. [from ficisriz/^f, ftead ct tfcjtcheions, on Coaches; certai.T 
 i,at.] having the cjnaliti'-s of 'uccory. characters made ufe rf by peifons to conceal 
 
 CICU'TA, S. [Lac] in Botany, a vege 
 table pvifcn, divioc:! into major and minor; 
 likewife a poifcnous juice or liqucr expieiTed 
 Jtom the cicuta acjt'aika. 
 
 CINDER, S. \cidre, Fr. fJra, Ital. fcera, 
 tat, irXKtfit, Gr.] a briik, cool liquor prepar- 
 isd from the iuice of apples. 
 
 CI'DER;. iN, S. [from cider and ki-, a di- 
 irinutive partic].--] the liquor m.ade of the 
 grofs tiiaticr of the apples, after the cider is 
 ^reiTed o'it, ijy ihe a^iiiition of boiled water. 
 
 CJE'LIN'G, See CEILING. 
 
 CIE'RGJi), S. [Fr. J a candle carried in prc- 
 fceSions. 
 
 Cl-'LIA, S, [Lat.] in Anatomy, the palli- 
 fadocs of iftiff hairs wherewith the eyes aie 
 guarded. 
 
 CI'LL-IRY, Adj. [rmum. Lst.] in Anato- 
 jny, belongino to the eye-lids. 
 
 Ci'jVIETER, S, [c'imetarra, S^an. and Port, 
 from rh.'riftcr, Turk.] a fort of fword, ulcd 
 fcy the Turks, fir rt, heavy, flst, with but 
 One edge, and curved towards the point. It 
 is fometimes fpd: frymeter, or frimeiar. 
 
 CIN'CTURE, S.- a girdle, or cloathing 
 ^•0;n round the tcdy. Figurstively, an inclu- 
 fure. 
 
 Cm'DER, S. [f.Wrf, ?r. finder, Sax. and 
 "Teut. cimii, Ital. of anaes, Lat.] ccals burnt 
 till moft ot their fulphur is con fumed, reduced 
 to a porous cake, and quenched before they 
 turn to allies ; a red hoi coal that has ceaf^d 
 to fiamc. 
 
 CPNERATIOM, S. [cmms, Lat.] inChy- 
 mifltv, the i£t of reducing a body to jfhes. 
 
 CINERI'TIOUS, S. [c;7rc/-;r;ai, of chieres, 
 Lat.] navir.g the form, cr refcmblifh aftcf. 
 
 Ci'NMAi5AR, S. [;<!»v»,?cj, Qr. chnr.bnris, 
 Lat. J a minerai fuKf>arice, ikC, heavy, anJ 
 brilliaritj the wre out of which quickfilver is 
 drpftn, conf;!iing partly of a fulphuteous, and 
 jartly oi a mercurial nature 
 
 Cl'NNAMON, S. [cinminiomum, Lat.] the 
 
 the fubjeiis they write aboilt from others ; 
 the key to explain any private charaiftcrs. A 
 ire cyphtr, a perfon of no importance or in- 
 tereft. 
 
 To CI'PKER, V. N. to perform the ope- 
 rations of arithmetic. 
 
 CIR'CLE, S. larcului, Lat. circle, Fr.] irt 
 Geometry, a plane figure, comprehended un- 
 der One line only, to v^hicli all lines drawn 
 from a point in the middlfe are equal. Figu- 
 ritivejy, a curve line, which being continued, 
 ends in the ])oint from whence it begun, hav- 
 ing clii': parts equidiftant from a point in th4 
 middle, c^llrd the center: but this is properly 
 the periphery or circumference of a cirdf. ; 
 the circumference or extremities of any round 
 body ; an aft'embly of pecple forming a ring ; 
 a company ; a feries oi thingo following one 
 another altcr.-.atcly. A fyllogifti; circle, is 
 when one of the prcmi'es is queftioned and 
 oppofed, and atre.mpted to be proved by the 
 concliifion. Circles of the EKpire, are fuch as 
 have a right to be prefent at the diets : th^ 
 are ten in nurrab-^r. 
 
 To CIRCLE, V. A. to move round an)> 
 thing; to furroun:!, encompafs, or indofej 
 to confine, or keep together. 
 
 Cl'RCLED, Part, having the form of a 
 circle. 
 
 CPRCLET, S. [a diminutive of circle] a 
 circle : an orb. 
 
 CIP^'CLING, Adj. furrounding or encora- 
 pafii.ig like a cirole. 
 
 Cl'ROC/lT, S. [cirruir, Fr. circuitus, Lat. 
 from circz^r-co, Lat. to g "Ground] the moving 
 round any tiling ; the mution or rfvolutionof 
 a planet round iis orbit ; a fpate inclofed with 
 a circle ; the circumference of any thing ; the 
 fpace which any thing meifiires in going round 
 it 5 a ring, a crown, or that which encircles 
 any thing ; the journeys taken by the judges 
 into different counties, to adminifter juftice in 
 ihofe places that are di'Vant from London j 
 
 iatic tii a,* aromatic tree reiembiinf ihe ta'm-j th° partictjiar traft vilited by a jedge. 
 
 To
 
 ¥o CI'RCUIT, V. N, to mo* rouna, or* 
 tn a circle. 
 
 CJRCUITE'ER, orCIRCUITER, S. one 
 that travtic in a circuit j that which move* 
 in an orbit. 
 
 CIRCUI'TION, S. [circuitlo, Lat.J the ad 
 (of going round about. Figuratively, circumlocu- 
 tion ; compal's, oroomptehenfion otargumeni. 
 
 CIRCU'LAR, Adj. [circu/aire, Fr. ciuu- 
 larh, Lat.j round, in the form of a circle. Fi- 
 guratively, fucceffion, in Vl^h^ch that which 
 proceeds iirft returns again. Circular letter, a 
 letter addrelled to feveral perfons, who have 
 the fame intereft in forrie common aftair. Or- 
 cular lines, fuch ftruight lines as are divided by 
 the divifions made in the arch of a circle. Cir- 
 iuicir failing, is that which is performed in the 
 aith of a ?reat circle. 
 
 CI'RCULARLY, Adv. in the form of a 
 circle j with a circular motion. 
 
 To CIRCULATE, V. N. [from drculm, 
 Lat.] to move in a circle ; to be in ufe, fo as 
 to be conttantiv changing its owner. 
 
 CIRCULA'TJON, S. the aft of moving 
 in a circle ; a motion wherein a body returns 
 in a curved line to the point from which it 
 fet out : a feries or fucceffion, in which things 
 preferve the fame order, and return to the fame 
 ftatc. The circulation of tie blood, was difco- 
 fered in England in 1628, by Har-vey. Cir- 
 culation, in Chymiftry, is a motion given to 
 liquors, in a circulating glafs, cauiing them 
 to afcenJ and defcend. 
 
 CIRCUL.VTORY, S. [from circulate] in 
 Chymiftry, a glals veiTel, confifting of two 
 parts, luted on each other, wherein the fineft 
 parts mount to the top, and finding no paffage 
 fail down again. 
 
 CIRCU/MAMBIENCY, S. [circum, Lat. 
 and ambio, Lat.j the aft of encompaffing or 
 fiiTOunding. 
 
 CIRCUMA'MRIEMT, Part, [circumam- 
 'hiens, Lat.] compafTing a thing round ; encir- 
 cling; indofmg; furrounding ; encompafling. 
 
 To CIRCUMCi'SE, V. A. [from circum, 
 Lat. round about, and fciudo, Lst. to cut] to 
 cut o(i the prepuce or fore/kin. Figur ttively, to 
 reduce the mind to fuch a ftate as was typified 
 by circumcifion, i. e. to live in a conformity 
 with the divine commands. " Circamcift the 
 foreficin of your heart." Deut. x. 16. 
 
 CIRCUM'CISION, S. [from circumcife'\ 
 the aft of cutting oft" the forefkin. Figurative- 
 ly, Judaifm, or a Jiw. " Cometh his bleffed- 
 nefs on ih^ circuinci/tsn only." Rom, iv. 9. 
 
 CIRCU'JVIFERENCE,' S. [circumferentia, 
 Lat. ot circum, round, Andfero, Lat. to carry] 
 rhe periphery of a circle ; the line including 
 and lurrounding any thing ; the fpace inclof- 
 «d in a circle, the extremities of a round body. 
 Figuratively, any thing of a round form. 
 " The broad circumference hung on his fhoul- 
 dtr like a moon." Par. Loji, 
 
 To CIRCU'JVIFERENCE, Y. A. to in- 
 clude in a cirele j to circumfcribe, or confine. 
 
 C If. 
 
 Included only in itfelf, ot clrcumferenced hf 
 its furfacf." Bacon. 
 
 CIRCUMFBRE'NTOR, S. [from oVf«w- 
 fero, Lat.J an inftrumeat uled by furveyors in 
 taking angles, confiftinjof a brjfs index wiih 
 fights, a compafs, and moufUcd on a rtaft* 
 with a ball and focket. 
 
 CIR/CUMFLEX, S. [cir.umfjexus, Lit.] 
 an accent marked ih o? (~) uicd Co regulate tiie 
 pronunciation, and requires an undulation be- 
 tween the grave and acute. 
 
 CIRCU'-MFLUEMCE, S. {ciraorfuentia. 
 Lat.j an inclofure mad« by waters riowmg 
 round any thing. 
 
 CIRCU'MFLUEN T, Part, flowing round 
 any thing, or inclofing any tiling with water. 
 
 To CIRCUMFU'SE, V. A. [circumfuf^s^ 
 Lat. from circumfudo\ to pour round 3 to dif- 
 lule, or fpread every way. 
 
 CIRCUMFU'SILE, Adj. [from circtm^ 
 itiifufilis, Lat.J that which may be poured, 
 diftufet), or fpread round any thing. 
 
 CIRCUMjA'CENT, Part, [circumjacen:. 
 Lat.j lying round any thing ; bordering on 
 every fide ; contiguous. 
 
 CiRCUMLOCU'TION, S. [from 'circunt, 
 Lat. about, and locutum, fupine, of hjuor, 
 Lat. to fpeakj the exprefling a fentiment in 2 
 number of words ; a periphrafis ; an indiredl 
 way of exprefling a perfon's fcniiments. 
 
 CIRCUJVIMU'RED, Adj. [from circum^ 
 Lat. about, and murus, Lat. a wallj encom- 
 pafled, or furrnundtid with a wall. 
 
 CIRCUMNA'VIGABLE, Adj. \_circum~ 
 na-uigo, Lat.J that which may Ke failed round. 
 
 CIRCUMNAVJGA'TION, S. [drcumnai. 
 ■vigatum, fupine of circumnavigo, Lat. the 
 failing round any l raft of lind. 
 
 CIRCUMPO'LAR, Adj. [from circum, 
 and potaris, Lat.J in Aftronomy, applied to 
 ftars near the north pole, which move round 
 it without fetting. 
 
 CIRCUiVIPOSI'riON, S. [from circum, 
 znA pojltio, Lat.j the a£t of fetting or placing 
 any thing In a ting or circle. " Now is your 
 feafon for circiii7ipo(ition.^' Evelyn. 
 
 CiRGUMROt A'TION, S. from {circwn, 
 and roto, Lat.j the aift of whirlit)g a thing 
 round with a motion like that of a wheel ; 
 the ftate of a thing whirled round. 
 
 To CIRCUMSCRI'BE, V. A. [from c.V- 
 rumfcribo, Lat.J to indole in certain lines or 
 limits. Figuratively, to bound, limit, confine 
 or reftiain. In Geometry, rhe defcribing a 
 figure, with many angles, about a circle, in 
 fuch a manner as all the fides Ihall be tangents 
 to the circumference. 
 
 CIRCUMSCRIP'TION, S. [drcymjcrip. 
 tto, Lat.j the determination to a particular li» 
 gure ; limitation, reftraint, boundary. 
 
 C1RCUMSCRI1"T1VE, Adj. fSceCIR- 
 CUM3CRIPTIONJ that which determine! 
 ■he fhape or figure of a body. 
 
 CIRCUAI'SPECT, Adj. [circumfpeaum, 
 
 Lat.j cautious j a pcrfon attentive to the cftetts 
 
 6 of
 
 C I R 
 
 of hiJ aSlions, znfi who weighs the Jangers 
 aari di!5cul:ies w^th which ihey are atienrfrd 
 CIRCUMSPE'CTION, S. [See CIR- 
 CUiV15l'£CTJ looking round about one. A 
 C3u: ous or wary cor.auft, wherein a perfot, 
 ■weighs tjie dangers and difiiciiltits wiih which 
 bis aclions sre attended, and endeavtwts to 
 guarJ againft tham. 
 
 ClRCUMSl't'CTIVE.Arj. lonlcing rouno 
 about ; taking tU the meaiures wb'ich may 
 prevent u difappoinrrnent, or fecuta a jerfon 
 from anv malicioufnel's of an enemy. 
 
 CIRCUiWSPE'CTLY, Adv. in a caiiticus, 
 iifiieetjand prudent manner j guar;;ipg zgainii 
 3Ceiic!ent9, and precluiiir.v. any oifappoininrients. 
 Cl'RCUMSTANCif, S. [aw«p.w, Fr.j 
 the particular incidenc beh>nging to any a£li- 
 *>:>, which deterinin' s it to be eithrr g»od ox 
 fead, or a faC'l [nobablc or improbable j an 
 event. XJui in the phiral, tor the llate or 
 eoBdiiioii of 3 perfon ; bad c^numjlarcrs (ig- 
 nityi.g diitrei's or poverty, and ^cod cucuk- 
 pences, riches cr affluence. 
 
 To ClTvCUMSTANCH, V. N. to be. 
 placet! in a particular li^ht j to be attended 
 v.jth peculiar inci(^ent£. 
 
 , Ci'RCUMSTANT, Tart. [chcu»ij!jm, 
 Lit.] ft^ndini: roun.-), fiirrounding. 
 
 CiRCU-MSTAN'TIAL, Adj. [cinur/Ian 
 tiit'l), luw Lat.J accidental, tppoied to eii'en- 
 tial. Minute; paniru'.jr, wherein all the dil- 
 fiiicnt relations and attendant n.afons ol an ac- 
 tion are enumerated. 
 
 CIRCL'MSTAN rj'ALITY, S. the /'ateoi 
 a thing, with ail the p^ciilii>i ii ies auending it. 
 To CiRCUMSTA'NlIATE, V. A. t 
 pbce a thing cr aflion in a particular fitiiatinii 
 er teLiion^with refpeO to tbe accidents which 
 a'.'end or deti-rmine irs quality. 
 
 T* CIRCUA1VA'LLAT£, V. A. {cir- 
 air.z/eiJarua, o( circum-'u-'k, Lat.] to enclofe 5 
 to liirrr.und with trenches and lortificaticns. 
 
 CiRCUMVALL.vnON, S. ihs art of 
 mtiecching or fortifying a camp or place with 
 ■woiks. In icrij/ication, a line or tiencli 
 V.ith a parapety thrown up by the befiegers, en- 
 ectnpziVmg all their camp, to defend it againft 
 any force that mtv attempt to relieve the place. 
 To ClRCU.ViVE'NT, V. A. to over- 
 reach a peifon by fiiperior craft ; to deceive, 
 - wr impofe upon, by fpecious pretences, and 
 fccret artifices, 
 
 CiRCUMVE'NTION, S. [cinum^.fiirw, 
 Lat.j U>< imputing upon, or overreaching a 
 fetlon iiy iecrei artifices and lubtlety. 
 
 To CIRCLMVE'ST, V. A. from lir- 
 cun:, and ■vtjiio, Lat.] 10 clothe all over with 
 a g.irment j to clothe, or furround as with a 
 garment. 
 
 To CIRCUMVO'LVE, V, A. [cWcum 
 volvo, i.at.j to roll round ; to roll any body 
 in an orbir or circle, 
 
 CIRCUMVOLU'TJON, S. [circumvelutio, 
 Lat.J the itt of rolling a thing roun J; the 
 
 C I T 
 
 CI'RCirS, -or CIRQtrE, S. [cinus, Lat.l 
 in Anti(.]uity, a large builuing, either roun<i 
 or i>yii, arched at one end, encompalTed with 
 porticoes, furnifhed with rows of feats rifing 
 above each other, ami uled for the exhibiting 
 ihews to the people. 
 
 CIST, S. [ci/h, Lat. cip, Six.] a cafe; 
 a covering. In Medicine, the colt of a tumor. 
 Cl'STED, Adj. [from ciji] inclofed in a 
 baj, cr membrane. 
 
 Ci^' lERN, S. fci/?.'rKtf, Lat.] a receptacle 
 tor wjter of rain, placed in yards or kitch- 
 ens for family ule ; a large refervoir of water, 
 or incb;ed lountain. Figuratively, a refervoir 
 or tepolitory, 
 
 CiT, S. j a contraiflion of atizen'] one wli* 
 lives ia the city, oppofcd to one ai the court j 
 a word of conteniDt. 
 
 ClTA'D'iiL, S'. [ettadeHc, Fr.] a fort, m 
 place loitificd with four, five, or fix baflioiu^ 
 m, order to delciul a ciiy againft enemies, and 
 :o !ieep the inhabitants in their obedience. 
 
 Cl'TAL, S. [iVcn e!te\ a repn.of, or im- 
 peachment \ a fummons, or a call to appear 
 in a court. 
 
 CITA'TION, S. [from citatum, Lat.} ia 
 Law, a fummons to appear before an eccle- 
 fiallical jud.e, on fome taufe relating to the 
 vhurch 5 quoting or mentioning an author's 
 name ; ib<: pall'age quoted from an author ; a 
 •iweniion, detail, enumeration. 
 
 CITATORY, Adj. having the power of 
 a funinions, cr ufed as a fummons. 
 
 To CITE, V. A, [from c'uo, Lat.] to fum- 
 mons or call a perl'on to appear in a court of 
 iuliiie; to cnjoir>, ot call oft a perfon wi-ij 
 duihoriiy ; to quote.' 
 
 Ci'TER, .S. one who fummonfes a perfon 
 to ap^Mjjr in a court j one who quotes a paUage 
 from an author. 
 
 CiTl'ZF.N, S. [citcysn, Fr.] a perfon who 
 is Irec of a city ; one wtio carries on a trade in 
 a city, oppofed to a gentleman, or a ibldier. 
 " Wiien he fpeaks not like a cilixen^ you find 
 him a loldier." Hhak. 
 
 Cl'TRlNE, Adj. [ciirirt:/:, Lat.J len>on- 
 colouied, of a dark yellow. 
 
 Cl'TRlNE, S. [citrirtus, I^at. ('i:riM, Ft. 
 and Iial.J a fpecies of ciyftal ot an extremely 
 beautiful yellow. It is cenerally clear, fine, 
 and free from f^aws. 
 
 Ci'TRON, S. [citrus, Lat.] a fruit which 
 comes from a hot country, and is in fmell, taftq, 
 and thape, fomewhat like a lemon. 
 
 CI'TRON'NATE, S, ciiron peel candied 
 and cue inti> pieces. 
 
 CITY, S. [cite, Fr. citfj, Ital.J a large 
 ;own inclofed with a wall, in Law, a town 
 corporate, that hath a bifhop and a cathedral 
 church ; the inhabitants of a city; the heart 
 or middle of a place, oppofed to the extrtmi- 
 (ies. 
 
 Cl'TY, Adj. living in a city; like a clu- 
 zen ; with vain paradr or ollentatious affluence. 
 
 rtate of beina tound : the ibinc tolled round. " Miks not a city fe»ft of il." i/w^'f. 
 
 ■ crV£Ta
 
 C L A 
 
 CI'VET, S, [chet, Fr.] in Natural Hi- 
 ftory, a litile animal, a naiive of Peru and 
 Cuip.ea. not much urlii^i our cat. 
 
 Cl'VlC, Adj. [cificus, Lat.) that which 
 relates to civii matters, opi^ofed to military. A 
 cix'ic crcivn among the Romans, was m/A& o' 
 oa!ie:; Isavcfi, and given to thoit: that had lav- 
 ed the live cf a citizen. 
 
 Ci'V/L, Aiij. [civitjs, Lat,] that which 
 belongs to a city, or the government thereof; 
 p^lifl'.sd ; Will icgulated. Cii^i/ "ztvir, is that 
 which citizens or people, of the fame nation 
 wage wiih one "nothei. Cknl demh, is thai 
 which is iiiflided by the lawF, in opjofitiun 
 to natural. Joined with pozucr or maglf.rate, 
 that which is txcrcifeu on the r.rincipks of 
 government, oppoled tomil'.tary. Figuratively, 
 civilized } tiumane j weli-'ored j Cumplaiiant; 
 gentle, biiau.ilully a,)plifd to iuanlmate things. 
 " The rude fea grew c'l'vU at her fong." 
 Shak, Civil la-iv, is that which is opuofed to 
 the coTimo;!, and implies the Rom^n law, 
 contained in tlic inftiruies, digefts, and code. 
 C'x/.'V ymr, thit which is cftdbliiljed by bw in 
 any country, arid is fo called to diiHnguifn it 
 from the natural year, which is determined 
 by thi; revolution of the heavenly bodies. 
 
 CIVI'LIAN, S. [ci'vilis, Lat.] one who 
 ptofefles and makes the civil lavy his peculiar 
 flutly. 
 
 CiVIMSAT:ON,.S. a hw which renders 
 a criminal procefs civil, by turning an iufor- 
 in.ition into an inqueft, ^c. 
 
 ClVl'LITY, S. poiitenefsj a polite addrefs 
 a'.tended with humane and benevolent adlionsj 
 a kindneis bellowed in a polite maancr. 
 
 To CIVILI'ZE, V. A. to inflruft in fuch 
 Sciences us tend to render inen humane. 
 
 CIVILTZER, S. one liiat reforms the fa- 
 vage manners of barbarians, and renders lliem 
 both humine and polite. 
 
 Ci'VlLLY, /\dv. in a manner agreeable to 
 the piinciples of government, and the rules of 
 fociety j in a kind, condefcending^ good-na- 
 tured, and genteel mann r. 
 
 Ci'ZE, S. [gi^neially written^xe, perhaps 
 from incifum, lupine of inciiio, Lat. to cut] 
 the dimenfiuns of any thing with refpcrt to 
 magnitude or bulk. " Give t^iem the cixe 
 and figure which'they have." Grey. 
 
 CLACK, S. [clke, Brit. cU, Fr. kLck, 
 Belg.J any thing which rnalles a continued 
 and tailing noife, applied to that of a mill. 
 Figuratively, incefTjnt and impottima'e tattle; 
 the tongue. " He knows not when my cbck 
 will lie." Pricr. 
 
 To CLACK, V. N, c!c:c;a,t, Bait. 'kUtf- 
 ihen, Teut.J to make a noi!e like that which 
 is heard in a mill when guing j to let the tongue 
 run. or (0 talk much. 
 
 CLAD, Part, prefer from CLOATH. 
 
 To CLAIM, V. A. [darner, Fr.] to de- 
 ma.id as a right or due. 
 
 CLAIM, S. a demand. Of right of dem:mJ- 
 i.ag a thing, as a due, 
 
 C I. A 
 
 . CL.A'IMABLE, Ai]. that whit* may be 
 demaudeu as. a due, or as belonging to a per- 
 Ton. 
 
 CLA'JMANT, S. he that pretends a 
 right to any thing in the pofTifllon of another, 
 and deman.-ls it as his property. 
 
 CLA''iMER, S. one v>lio demands a thin* 
 as his property. 
 
 CLA'iii-dBSCURE, S. Sec CLARE- 
 OBSCU.RE. 
 
 ' To CLAM, V. A. to clog with any gk-.vifli 
 or vifcoasmafer. 
 
 To CLA'MBER, V. N. [kknunen, Belg. 
 perhaps corrupted from climb, ot ctimher'] to ai- 
 cend or go up a fleep place with aifficclty, fo 
 as to be forced to ufe both the knesand hands. 
 
 CL'AMMINESS, S. th„- quality by which 
 any fubfiance flicks to, or giews an^ thing 
 that touches it ; vifcidity ; ropinefs. 
 
 CLA'MMY; Adj. vifcous, ropy, gluti- 
 nous, or adhering to anv thing which touches 
 it.' 
 
 CLA'MOROUS, Adj. [from chmourl 
 making a noife willi the voice ; fpeaking iou^ 
 and turbu'erit. 
 
 CLA'MOUR, S. [clamor, Lat.] a noife, 
 or Outcry j an. exaltation ot the voice in anger. 
 Applied with elegance to inanimate thinge. 
 " The loud Arno's boift'rous clamours^' 
 JUT. 
 
 To CLA'MOUR, V. K. to make a noife; 
 cr fpeek in a loud, pafiionaie, and turbulent 
 manner. 
 
 _ CLAMP, S. lk!air.,?,e, };lamt>e, Belg.] a 
 piece of v.'ood added to another to flreng'.heii 
 it, and prevent its Uurfting ; a hctlc piece 
 of wood in the form or" a wheel, ufed in a 
 mortice, inftead of a p'uily ; a quantity or col- 
 .ledlion of bricks. Clai::p-nails, are fucii as are 
 ufed to fallen on clamps in the building or 
 repairing of fhips. 
 
 To CLAMP, V. A. in Joining, to fit a 
 board with the grain to another piece acrols 
 the grain ; this is of ufe to prevent warping. 
 
 CLAN, S. [klaan, Scot, children, claan, 
 Brit. J a family, race, or tribe j a bodyof per- 
 fons. 
 
 CLANDES'TINE, Adj. [dande^iijus.Lit.J 
 underhand; fecret ; in order to evade any law j 
 private ; always uied in a bad fenfe. 
 
 CLANDiiS'TINELY, A-iv. in a fecret or 
 private manner, inclujinj iome illegal or baJ 
 practice. 
 
 To CLANG, V. A. [dango, Lat.} to 
 make a loud fhrill noife, with a brazen found, , 
 like that of a tru.mpet; or to make a noife like 
 that of armour when flriick witii a folid body, 
 or like fwords when beat together ; to ciaih 
 or ftrike together, fo as to make a noife. 
 
 CLA'NGOUR, S. [clangor, Lat.j aloud 
 fhrill found. 
 
 CL.'VNGQUS, Adj. [pronounced f/a^Tj.vr] 
 making a loud and Ihiill noif^, 
 
 CLANK, S. aloud (htill or har/li noife 
 made uy hard oodtes when chflied tojjcther.
 
 CL A 
 
 "to CLAP, V. A: [clappen, Sax. Happen, 
 JJelg. ^l''/^'", Teut.] to ftrike together with 
 s quick motion, fo as to make a noife ; to put 
 lone thing upon another with a harty, fudden, 
 ariH unexpeifted motion ; to perform any aflion 
 in a quick and unexpcd^ed manner ; to applaud 
 or praife a perfnn by ftriking the hands toge- 
 ther J to ftiut up with a quick or fudden mo- 
 tion. " Cljp to the door." 
 
 CLAP, S. [cla^, Brit, klapf, Teut.] a loud 
 •nojfe, made by the ftriking of two folid bodies 
 together, or by e)tpIofion,whiin applied to thun- 
 tler j apphufe or approbaiion, teftjfied by ftrik- 
 ing the hands together. In Medicine, the 
 iirft ftate or ftage of the venereal difeafe. 
 
 CLATPER, S. one who ftrikes his hands 
 together by way of applaufe } the tongue or 
 piece of iron, which hangs in the infide of a 
 bell, and makes it found ; a piece of wood in 
 a mill for fhaking the hopper. Figuratively, 
 the tongue of a perfon that is very talkative, 
 a word of reproach. 
 
 To CLA'PPER-CLAW, V. A. to fcld. 
 
 CL AREKCE'UX, or CL AREN TIEUX, S. 
 fFr, pronounceo claurauvjju\ the fecond king 
 of arms, fo called from the duke of Clarence, 
 fon of Edward III. who firft bore this office. 
 He marflials and difpofes the funerals of all the 
 lower nobility on the fouth fide ;he Trent, and 
 is therefore likewife called Surrey, /. e. South- 
 roy or South- king. 
 
 CLARE OBSCURE, {chlara-fcuro, Ital. 
 from ciarus, briglit, and ohfcurus, L^t, obfcure 
 or darkj in Painung, the lights and fliades in 
 a pifture ; the art of diftributing tlie lights 
 and (hades in a piece to the greateft advanta^ie. 
 
 CLA'RET, S. [vin claint, Fr.j French 
 Wine, of a clear, pale, red colour. 
 
 CLA'RICORD, or CLA'RICHORD, S. 
 [from cfaius, Lat. clear, and chorda, Lat. a 
 firing, cla-j:cord'io. Span. J a mufical inftru- 
 ment, in form of a fpinnet, with 49 or 50 
 keys, and 70 ftrings. 
 
 CLARIFICA'TION, S. the clearing any 
 thing from impuritie'; ; the fining liquois. 
 
 To CLA'RiFY, V. A. [clar^jier, Fr. cla- 
 <rus, clear, 3n<^fo, Lat. to become] to fine or 
 tUdke any liijuor cicar. 
 
 CLA'RIONF, S. [clairon, Fr. clarinn, Ital. 
 tJaren, Span.] a trumpet with a narrower tube 
 and fliriller lound than the common fort. 
 
 C^LA'RITY, S. [cla/tte, Fr. elarltas, Lai.J 
 brightnefs, fplendor. 
 
 CLARK, S. See CLERK. 
 
 To CLASH, V. N. [klctxen, Belg. to make 
 a noife by heatinq j ^.'ar, gla, gtos, Scalv. 
 Boh. Celt. Pol. Dal.-n. g!uje, g.'af/'e, P^ulf. 
 a clafli, or clafliing] to make a noife, appliec 
 to two bodies ftruck together; to aft with op- 
 pofite views; to contradift, oppofe, or difa- 
 gree. " Every time c/ajhivg metaphors are 
 put together." SptiJ. No. 595. 
 
 CLASH, S. [See the verb] a ncife made by 
 collifion, or the flrikingtwo bodies together ; 
 oppofiti(»noffentimenis, opinions, Qi interefti. 
 
 C L A 
 
 CLASHING, S. Sec CLASFl. 
 
 CLASP, S. [ghejpe, or chrjpe, Belg,] a 
 thin piece of metal.curved at the extremities, 
 which enters into a hole made in another piece, 
 and is ufed to faften two things together, fuch 
 as the two covers of a book, or the two fore- 
 parts of a garmenr, &c. Figuratively, an em- 
 brace, wherein the arms are thrown round the 
 body of a perfon. 
 
 To CLASP, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 fliut or fatten by a clafp ; to hold within the 
 hands ; to make the fingers meet round the 
 circjmference cf any thing held in the hand ; 
 to inclofe. " Clofp their joints in arms." Skak. 
 
 CLA'SP-KNIFE, S. a knife which is fur- 
 nifhed with a fpring, and folas into the handle. 
 
 CLASS, S. [clajfis, Lat.] a colkaion of 
 things ranged according to thtir different na- 
 tures, snd value ; a rank or order. In Jjchonls, 
 a number of boys placed according to their 
 attaina-iCnts, and the authors they read. 
 
 CLA'SSIC, or CLA'SSICAL, Adj. [r/*/- 
 ficus, Lat. J in nntient Literature, the authors 
 of the Auguftjn age, of received note, and 
 acknowledged abilities. 
 
 CL.VSSiC, S. an author of the fitft rank 
 fbr abilitieSj and efteemed a ftandard for ftyle. 
 
 To CLATTER, V. N. [c!atru>ig, chadur. 
 Sax. a rattle, klatieni, Belg. to make a noife] 
 to make a noife by being ftruck often together, 
 applied to ionorous or metalline bodies ; to 
 make a ncife by talking aloud, faft, and little 
 to the purpofe. A low word. 
 
 CLA'TTER, S. a rattling noife made by 
 the frequent ftriking of hard bodies together j 
 a confuled and tumultuous noife. 
 
 CLAVA'TED.Part. Iclatatui.hzt.l knob- 
 bed ; or abuunaing v.'ith knobs. 
 
 CLAVE, the pre;-:r of CLSAVE. 
 
 CLA'VELLATED, Part. [f/^w.'/c.'w,Lat.J 
 in Chymiftry, made with burnt tart.u. 
 
 CLA'VICLE, S. [ch-vk-Jayhit.] in Ana- 
 tomy, the collar-bone, of whicn there are two, 
 fitudted between the Icapula and fternum,ejch 
 of them refembling an Italic S, but in women 
 more ftraignt than in men. 
 
 CLAUSE. S. [claujula, Lat.] a fentence ; 
 a fingle article ; fo much of a fentence as will 
 make fenfe. 
 
 CLAU'STRAL, Adj. [from dauprum, 
 Lat.] belonging to a cloifter, or religious 
 hoiife. 
 
 CLAU'SURE, S. [clatijura, Lat. [confine- 
 ment ; the ftare of a perfon Ihut up orconfined 
 in a monaftery. 
 
 CLAW, S. [elaivan. Sax. klautv, Belg. 
 Hauiv, Ttut. clow, Dan] the foot of a bird 
 or heart, armed wilb a fliarp-pointcd horny 
 lubftance. 
 
 To CLAW, V. A. [daivan, S,di%. klauwen, 
 Belg. kia-vtn, Teut. klaar, Dan.] to fcratch, 
 ur tear with the nails. 
 
 CLA'WED, Adj. having claws. Partlci- 
 pially, feized cr I'ciatched with a claw. 
 
 CLAy,
 
 CLE 
 
 CLAY, S. [clai, Brk. kley, Be!g. kalj 
 Perl'.] a compaft, weighty, ftifF, vifcid, and 
 dudlile earthj when moift; fmooth to th? 
 touch, eafily diffolving in water, and when 
 mixed with it, not quickly fubfiding. Figu- 
 ratively, the earth or fubftance, out of whicn 
 our bodies are by Scripture faid to be pro- 
 duced. 
 
 To CLAY, V. A. to cover with day. In 
 Agriculture, to mannre with clay, 
 
 CLA'Y-COLD, Adj. [a co^r. pound wo-d] 
 as cold as day. Figuratively, lifelefs. 
 
 CLA'YEY, Adj. confiftjfig of, or abound- 
 ing in clay. 
 
 CLA'YISH, Adj. of the nature of clay, 
 like clay. 
 
 CLA'Y MARL, S. a whitifh, fmooth, 
 chalky earth, refembling clay, but fomewhat. 
 more fat, and fometimes mixed with chalk 
 ftones. 
 
 CLEAN, Adj. [Jtene, Sax. g/aa, Brit.] 
 free from dirt or foil. Figuratively free from 
 any moral flrain, wickednefs, or impurity. 
 Adverbially uf-d, il implies entirely, perfeftly, 
 fully or completely. " Domeftic broils clean 
 overblown." Shai. 
 
 To CLEAN, V. A. [fiom the Adjedlivej 
 to free from dirt or f 1th. 
 
 CLE'ANLY, Adj. free from dirt or filth .; 
 free from moral impurity : innocent ; challe. 
 CLE'ANLY, Adv. in a clean, neat man 
 ner 5 free from dirt or filth. 
 
 CLE^ANNE-SS, S. neatacfs; freeirom dirt 
 or fikh ; elegance; exaClnefsj freedom from 
 any immoral i'Tipur'ty. 
 
 To CLEANSE, V. A. [doa^KjIan, Sax.] to 
 free from dut or fikh by wafhing or rubbing; 
 to free from bad humours by purges, in Me- 
 dicine. To free from matter of fungules, ap- 
 plied to wounds. 
 
 CLE'.ANSKR, S. in*MedIdne, that which 
 removes any humour, or expels any noxious 
 fluid from the body; a deterj-ent. 
 
 CLEAR, Adj. [fram c.'air, Fr. of clarus, 
 Lat.J that which may be Teen through. Th.-.t 
 which is free from filth, :,pplifd to ftreams. 
 Free from clouds or mifts, applied to rhe wea- 
 ther. Without r.-.ixture ; pofitive ; plain, or 
 free from any ambiguities or doubtful expref- 
 fions; void of guilt; free from an undue bias 
 or impediment, appliei to the judgment. 
 Ufed adverbially, for entirely or quite. '* Bit 
 it clear oft'." L'Eftrange. 
 
 To CLEAR, V. A. to remove any filth, 
 dirt, or other obftiuftion ; to free from ob- 
 fcurity, perplexity, or difficulty; to juftity, or 
 remove any charg-- of gu'lt, or acculatioii, bv 
 manifefting innocence ; to cleani'e ; to briiiht- 
 en ; to remove any thing which inrercepts the 
 light. To ckar a Jhip, is to obtain leave for 
 fjiiing, or felling the c«-go, by paying ihs 
 cuftoms. 
 
 CLE'AR ANCE, S. a certificate that a (h=p I 
 has been cleared at the cufto.r.-iioufc, by pay- I 
 iiij- the duties, \ 
 
 CLE 
 
 CLE'.^RER, S. the perfon or thing thit 
 remo.ss any filth or obftrudion ; that whitlj 
 communicates light to the mind, or temovea 
 any difficulty or prejuaices which mayobfcure 
 the judgment. " Gold is a wonderful cleartr 
 of the underftandina." SpcBat, 
 
 CLE'ARLY, Adv. fret from darknefs, ob- 
 fcunty, ambiguity; plainly; without any 
 undue influence or prejudice. '• Deal clearly 
 atid impartially with yourfelves." Tillotfin. 
 V/ithout deduaion or diminution, applied to 
 gains; without evafion or referve. 
 
 CLEA/RNESS, S. tra n fparency, which 
 renders a thing eafy to be fecn through, ap- 
 plied to glafs. Freedom from .^regs, or filth 
 applied to liquors. Diflinftnefs, plainnefs) 
 freedom from obfcurity, or ambiguity, appkel 
 to ideas. 
 
 CLEA'R-SIGHTED, Adj. [a compound 
 word] able to dilcern and diftinguiOi things • 
 judicious; feeing into the confequences of 
 things. 
 
 To CLEATl-STARCfJ, V. A. to ftarch 
 in luch a manner, that linen may appear tranf- 
 parent and clearer than in common wafhins 
 
 To CLEAVE, V. A. [prt:er I da-ve, part. 
 clcjerii cl,9iva^,S^x.k/<:e7j^r.,Bde. klao-.uer,. 
 Teut. of kiae've] to ftick ; to adherre to ; to u- 
 ate one's fclf to a perfon. 
 
 To CLEAVE, V. A. [^rtttr 1 da-ce, cJo^oe 
 or cLft, pjrt;c;p. chuen, or cleft-, irom c'.cafan 
 ckcfen, chfan. Sax. M/, prefer, klaiif, m 
 kh-ven, Eelg. kloffver, D.in.j to divide a thing 
 with a chopper and wiilr violence; to divide- 
 by a fwifc or rapid motion. " The fierce ea- 
 gles dej-ve the liquid /ky." Prior. To divids 
 or fsparate ; to part afcnder. 
 
 OLEA'VER, S. a large flat inftrumen*- 
 maae of metal, with a handle, and of a long 
 fquare form, ufed by butchers to feparate the 
 joints ot meat from their carcafes ; ene who 
 chops any thing. In Botany, a weed, naniei 
 likewife cltver. 
 
 CLEF, S. [from chf Fr. a key] in Mufic, 
 a m^rk placed at thu b«^inning ot the lines of 
 a piece of mufic, which determines the name 
 ot each line, according to the fcale; the tunc 
 or key in which it is to begin, and all the 
 unifons in a piece. 
 
 CLEFT, participle BalTive, from CLEAVE, 
 
 CLEFT, S. [uom cleave, kluff,TtMi.'\ a 
 fpace made 'by the fcparaiion o. the parts of 
 any body ; a crack. In Farriery, a diVcife in» 
 borfes, which appears on the J,ough of the 
 pafterns. 
 
 To CLETT-GRAFT, V. A. in Gardea- 
 ng, to engraft by cleaving the ftock of a tree, 
 and inlcrimg a branch into it. 
 
 CLEMENCY, S. [dementia, Lat. clemenci, 
 Fr.] unwillirgnels to punilh, and tendcrnsfs 
 in the infii^inf; punifnment. 
 
 CLE/MEN'f. Adj. [f/rrf.-rr, Lat.] unwij- 
 ling to pimifh, and tender in executi.'ig, or ia 
 limitiog ouniff^ment, 
 
 CLERGY, S. [detge, Fr. dvrs, fLat.
 
 C L I 
 
 C L I 
 
 >t>«jff, Gr. fekaed] a body of men rffidat- 1 CLIMA'CTFR, S. fxX<|Max1.jj, Cr.] a m 
 
 ing in ine pulilic fervice of the church, and 
 let apart for that purpofe. 
 
 CLE^RGYMAN, S. a perfon dedicated by 
 ordination, to the fervice of the church j a 
 perfon in holy orders. 
 
 CLE'R1C/:L, Adj. [clericus, Lat.] belong- 
 ing to the cle'gy. 
 
 CLERK, S, [f/t'rc, Fr. cleric, Sax. c'er'tcuSy 
 Lat.j in Law, a tiiJe .'ppropiiated to ihe clt:r- 
 fy. In ancient authorf, a fcholar, or man of 
 letters; a writer in a public office, in com- 
 niercc, a perfon employed in a merchan'.'s 
 compiing-houfe to tr.mfadl; fuch bufinefs as is 
 jieiformed by ihc pen ; and when an out-door 
 clerk, to aUend at the cuftom houfe, wjter- 
 fide, and 'Change. In the Church Service a 
 layman, who has a fejt adjoining to ihe read- 
 ing defic, pronounces therefpcnfes with an au- 
 dible voice, gives out the finging ptalms, i£c. 
 CLE'RKSHIP, S. the office or emplcy of 
 a clerk. 
 
 CLE'VER, AHj. dexterous, quick, or flcill- 
 fiil in the performance of any thing ; well- 
 pleafing, convenient, well. " 'Tvvould found 
 more ciever." Pcpe. Well-made handfome, 
 
 CLEVERLY, Adv. in a cextitous, ingeni- 
 ous, fkilful, and proper manner. 
 
 CLEV/ERNE3S, S. a proper, fkllfgl, and 
 dexterous performance; a quality which ccn- 
 *evs the i'Jea of fitnefs, ingenuity, and per- 
 fection, and thereby excites falisi'adlioa in the 
 mind. 
 
 CLEW. S. [ci'yzve. Sax. k!:icc, Bslg. k'a- 
 •ivcl, 'I cut. j any th:ng in a globular (orm ; a 
 hiW of thread. Figuratively, any guide or 
 (riirtftion, by means of wiiich a peifcn may 
 fu' mount any difficulty, allu'.ing to a ball of 
 thread, made ufs of by perfons to find iheir 
 V.'ay back again from a labyrinth. The clew 
 cfafuil, is the lower corner, re^-chiiig down 
 To the earing, where the tackle and fneets are 
 fail en ed. 
 
 To CLEW, V. A. among failors, joined 
 with the word /jiV, fi^nifies to raife tlum in 
 order to be furled by means of a r»pe fjflened 
 to the clew, and called a ch'uj girnet. 
 
 To CLINK, V. N. [clicken, Iklg. cHqutier, 
 Fr.J to make a fmall, fhsrp, and fucceffive 
 noife, like that of th^ beats of a watch. 
 
 CLFENT, S. \cHer.s, Lar.] in Law, one 
 v'ho employs a 1 '.wyer tor advice, or defence- 
 Among the Romans, one who was dependent 
 on fome grent perfonagc, who undertook to 
 tiefend him from oppi^ffion. " They are your 
 friends and clients.''^ Johv.^on C^tal. 
 
 CLIENTE'LE.S. {chcr.ttb, Lat.] the con- 
 dition of a client. *' Under the pretext of 
 tltentele." JoLnfcn. 
 
 CLI'ENTbHlP, S. the cfficc or condition 
 ■ of a client. 
 
 CLIFF, S. [cl-ff, Sax. knj, Belg. c//Vw, 
 Lat. J a fteep or craggy rock, ttenerally applied 
 to one on the fea-cosft. In MuCc, ufed, im- 
 properly, for Clef. 
 
 tain period of life or portion of years, fuppofeiJ 
 to terminate in fome great daniier. 
 
 CLIMA'CTERIC, or CLIMACTERI- 
 CAL, Adj. [from v.\ifxa.^, Gr. a Italc] con- 
 taining a certain number of years, at the expi- 
 ration of which, fomething dangerous is fup- 
 pafed 10 happen to the body. The dimatetic 
 year, js a critical year in a pejfon's life, where- 
 in he is fuppofed to ftand in great danger of 
 death. 
 
 CLI'MATE, S. \-.:\:fxa, Gr.] in Geogra- 
 phy, a fpace on the furface of the earth, con- 
 tainrd between two parallel circlef, and n.ea-* 
 furcd from the equator to the polar circles ; in 
 each of which fpaces the longeft days are half 
 all hour longer in thofe near the poles, th^.n ia 
 thofe neareft the equator. From the pohr 
 circles to the poles, the climates incresfe the 
 fpace of a whole month. In a popular fenfe, 
 any country differing from another, either in 
 relpedl of the feafons, the quality o) the foil, 
 or the manners cf its inhabitants, without a- 
 ny regard to the length of the day. 
 
 CLl'MAX, S. fxXi.ua^, Gr.] in Rhetoric, 
 a figure, wherein the fenfe of a period afcend3 
 or inercsfes every fentence, till it concludes j 
 as in the following: "Whether Paul or 
 ApoUof, or Cephas, or the world, or life, 
 or death, cr things prefent, or things to come, 
 are all yours, and ye are Chrilt's, and Chvill 
 is God's." 1 Ccy. iii. 22, 23. 
 
 To CLIMB, V.N. [pretcr and participle 
 paffive, cltmhed, fomcimes pronouriced clime, 
 from climan, Sax. kLinmcr, Teut. kler.n.en, 
 5e!g.] to afccnd ; to afcend by their fpecif;c 
 levity, &c, applied to vapours ; to mount cr 
 go upwards. 
 
 CLIM'BER, S. cne who mounts, sfcends, 
 
 or fcale? any iiigh or fteep place; a plant fo 
 
 calle.l, tiom its creeping up on other lupports. 
 
 CLIME, S. [from xXiua, Gr.J the fame 
 
 as cl'nwte ; generally ufed in poetry. 
 
 To CLINCH, V. A. to hold a thing in the 
 hand with the fingers and thumbs meeting over 
 it; to Ihut the hand, fo as the fingers and 
 thumb may reach jjver each o'hcr; to bend 
 the point of a nail, vvhen driven thrwuih any 
 thing: to confirm, eiTat.lilh, or pufh home, 
 applied to an argument. 
 
 CLINCH, S. a woid which has a double 
 meaning ; a pun ; a word m«de ufe of to con- 
 clude feveral lines in the different pirts of a 
 poem, and to rhime to as many diflcrent 
 words. " Kere one poor vvurd a thouland 
 e'.'ncLu makes." Po/>f. In Navigation, that 
 part of a cable which is fadcncd to the ring of 
 an anchor. 
 
 CLl'NCHER, S. a cramp or hold-f*fl-, made 
 of a p;cce of iron bent, or making an angle 
 at the top, and ufed to faften pianks. 
 ' To CLING, Vfc A. [prefer, I clung, or 
 ha-ve clung, part, clung, kiynger, Dan.j to ftick 
 clofe to, or bang u^ion, by twilling round a 
 I thing. 
 
 CLI'NIC,
 
 C L O 
 
 C L O 
 
 CLPNIC, or CLINICAL, Adj. [from! t?elf.] a fniill mafs of moift earth; a!ump of 
 xXiv!0, Gr.] thofe who keep iheir beds on ac- earth or clay. Figuratively, a turf; the 
 count ot the violence of any difDrder. At 
 prefent ufed, when applied to perfons, for a 
 
 To CLINK, V. A. to flrike metals toge- 
 ther To as to make them found. Neuter!/, to 
 make a noiTe, applied to the found made by 
 two pieces of metal ftruck together. 
 
 CLINK, S. a noi'e made by the flrikioEiof 
 two pieces of metal, whether iron or fteel, on 
 each other. 
 
 CLl'NQUANT, S. [Fr.] embroidery; 
 fplendor of drefs} or tin''ei finery. 
 
 To CLIP, V. A. [clippsn, Sax. to embrace] 
 to embrace by foMing the arms clolely round ; 
 to enfold in the arms; to hug; to cut with 
 fheers, from klepper, Dan. or kh'pper, Dut. 
 Figuratively, to diminilh, applied to coin. To 
 cut iliort, not to pronounce fully, applied to 
 language. 
 
 CLI'PPER, S. one that debafes the coin, 
 by cutting, filing, or otherwife diminishing its 
 fize and weight. 
 
 CLI'PPING, S. [See CLIP] that which 
 is cut oft from a thing. 
 
 CLl'VER, S. [more properly written /m- 
 •ver] in Botany, an herb, whofe feeds ftick 
 to the cloaths of fuch as touch it ; and ulcd 
 in medicine. 
 
 CLOAK, S. a loofe outer garment without 
 fleeves, worn over the reft of a perro!'."'s cloaths, 
 either to defend them from cold or rain. Fi- 
 guratively a pretext or pretence, in order to 
 conceal any defign. 
 
 To CLOAK, V, A. to cover with a cloak. 
 Figuratively, to conceal any dcfsgn by fome 
 ipecious pretext or artifice. 
 
 CLO'AK-BAG, S. a ijg in which deaths 
 are carried ; a portmanteau. 
 
 To CLOATH, V, A. fcW, Sax. k/'ecJer, 
 Dan. J to furnifli or sover with cloaths ; to 
 drefs. 
 
 CLO'ATHING, S. drefs ; garments ; or 
 that which a perfon wears to cover and defend 
 his body from the weaihcr. 
 
 CLOCK, S. {code, Brit, from co!ch, Brit. 
 and Arm. a bell, cloche, Fr. clugga, Sax. 
 kloke, Belg. and Dan. and glocke, Teut.] a 
 kind of movement or laachinc, going by a 
 pendulum, ferving to meafure time, and ftiew 
 the hour by ftriking on a bell. Huygens was 
 the firft perfon who brought the art of clock- 
 making to any perteftion ; and the firit pen- 
 dulum clock made in England, was in the 
 year 1622, by Formantil, a Dutchman. IVhat's 
 o'clock, is a phrafe importing what hour is it ? 
 'Tij nine o'clock, implies, it is the ninth hour. 
 Applied to ftockings, clock fignifies the work 
 with which che ankles are adorned. 
 
 CLO'CK-WORK, S. any movements 
 which go by means of fprings, wheels, and 
 a pendulum, and in tlut rtfpeit rclemble the 
 movements of a c'nrk. 
 
 CLOD, [dud, S3.V a little hillock, kUtie, 
 4 
 
 ground; any thin^ vile, b.ife and Cirthlyj i. 
 dull, grofs, Ihiaid perfon. 
 
 To CLOD, V. N. [from the noun, */iPr«- 
 ren, B^lg.] to unite into a mafr, on account 
 Lit its moiiltire or vilcidity. To curdle, ufed 
 ijiftead of clot. Adlively, to pelt with clods, 
 CLOD'DV, Adj. confining of little heap« 
 fmili malTes or clods of earth 
 
 C1.0I>PATE, S.aftupid fellow; one wha 
 I cannot eafily apprehend the meaning of ano- 
 ther. Wtnct chd ^ated, an adj'sftive, imply- 
 ing dull ot apprehenfion, or ftupid. 
 
 To CLOG, V, A. to ioad with fomething 
 that may hinder motion; to bu(thet\; to em- 
 barrafs ; to be obftruiled by the ftickmg of 
 fomething to a thing. 
 
 CLOG, S. any weight or thing which iti« 
 pedes or hinders the motion of a thing ; a rc- 
 flraint ; an incumbrance, hindrance, obftruc- 
 tion, or impediment; a compofitinn of lea- 
 ther, co-.fifting of a foal and two ftraps. worn 
 by women over their jTioes, to keep their feet 
 clean, or warm. 
 
 CLO'GGINKSS, S. the ftate of being hi.i- 
 dereJ from molinn ; obflruttion. 
 
 CLO'GGY, Acij. that which, by adhering 
 to any inilrument, flops \ip the paifages, or 
 otherwife hinders its motion. 
 
 CLOPSTER. S. [chU, Brif. danJler^Six. 
 cloture, Fr. cljujiro, Iial. clmiflrum, Lat.] a 
 habitation furrounded with walls, and dwck 
 in by monks or religious ; a monaftery for 
 the religious of either fex. In a more re- 
 (Irained fenle, the principal part of a regular 
 monaffery, confiftlng of a fquare built on each 
 of its fides. In ArcbiiLifture, a court which 
 his buildings on each of its fours fides ; a pe- 
 liftile or piazza. 
 
 To CLOl'STER, V. A. to (Tiut up in a 
 monL\n:;ry ; to confine in a rcl'gioiis houfe. 
 
 CLOl'S'i'ERAL, Adj. fhut up in a moni- 
 ftery or nunnery ; folitaiy; retired; reclnfe. 
 
 Cl.Ol'STERED, Part, folitary; inhabiting 
 a cloillcr ; confined in a monaftery, or religi- 
 ous houfe. lo Architefture, built round, 
 or furro'inded with a piazza, or periftile. 
 CLOKE, S. See CLOAK. 
 To CLOOM, V. A. to cover or flop up 
 with cliv, mortar, or any glutinoui matter. 
 
 To CLOSE, V. A. [f/o.t, Fr. duf-is, Lat.] 
 to fhut ;<ny thing that is open ; to conclude, 
 finiih, or peifcdl:; to confine; to join any 
 thing biokei). To heal, applied to wounds ; 
 to join twd itts together, after being fepa- 
 rated. " the eafth do^od upon tbem." To 
 join wiih a party. 
 
 CLO.'->'.\, S. any thing (hut, without paf- 
 fage ot outlet j a fmall field furrounded with a 
 hedge or raili. Applied to time, the end of 
 any particular perioii or portion. '" The dofs 
 of night." Dryd. The end of a fentetice } 
 a conclufion. 
 '• CLOSE, AnJj, ufed with tli* verbs, f.>;/Ziar,
 
 C L O 
 
 wfafleit, ftiut fo as nothing can come out, nor 
 any air make its entrance. " A chje box." 
 *^ A cloji room." Without vent or inlet; 
 without motion; ftagnating; fultry, or not 
 eafily breathed in, applied to the air. Having' 
 very few pores, applied to metals. " That 
 very clofe metals." Locke. Denfe; concife; 
 Ihort ; without any redundances; or thick, 
 applied to tlie manner ot expreflion. " Your 
 thoughts lie fo c'lojt together." Applied to 
 fituation, touching, or wi;hout any diftanc; 
 between the things mentioned Applied to 
 defigns, fecret, or without diftovery ; having 
 the appearance of referve and fecrecy; with- 
 out wandering. " To keep our thoughts chfe 
 to their bufinefs." Loche, Home; to the 
 point ; retired ; without going abroad. " He 
 keeps very c/u/i." Under great reftraint. 
 *• A cloj'e prifoner." Narrow, dark, cloudy, 
 mifty, and fultrv, applied to the fcy, or wea- 
 ther. Ut'f d adverbially, either by itfelf, or in 
 eotnpofition, 
 
 CLO'SE BODIED, Adj. that which comes 
 tight rour.d the body, oppofed to that which 
 hane;s loofe. 
 
 CLOSE-HA'NDED, Adj. covetous ; illi- 
 beral ; void of generofitv.' 
 
 CLO'SE-LEAGUED, Adj. ranged near 
 one another; in a thick impenetrable bo- 
 dy; fecretly kagued, or privately confpiring 
 Sgainfl-. 
 
 CLO'.SELY, Adv. applied to ftiHtting any 
 vcflTel, fee. without vent or paflage lor the in 
 ternal oi* external air; very near; not deviat- 
 ing from, applied to the tranflation of authors. 
 *' I have tranflated chfely,^' 
 
 CLO'SENESS, S. the ftate of having no 
 paflage for the air; narrownefs : want of air; 
 denfentfs; compa^tnefs ; redulenefs ; folitude; 
 referve ; fecreiv ; avarice ; conneition. 
 
 CLO'SER, .S. a finiiher; or concluder. 
 
 CLO'SET, S. [f rum clofe] a fmall room 
 for privacy and retirement; a (hallow place 
 furnifhed with delves, and with a door, ferv- 
 jr.g as a repofitory for curiofities, or family 
 vtenfils. 
 
 To CLO'SET, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 fliut up or conceal in 3 cloi'et ; to take info a 
 clofet, for the fake of privacy. 
 
 CLOSH, S. a d/j>emper in the feet of cat- 
 tle, called likewife thejlurcier. 
 
 CLOSU'RE, S. the adt of Cutting or (top- 
 ping up any aperture or clift; confinement; 
 conciufion ; end. 
 
 CLOT, S. [k!it, Belg.] a mzk formed by 
 thickening of any fluid body. 
 
 To CLOT. V. N, [ihiteren, Belg.] to 
 grow into fmall mafl'es, applied to any fluid 
 fubftaace. To gather into clodsj applied to 
 inuLI or cUyey earth. 
 
 CLOTH, S. [plural, cloths, or doiheil in a 
 general fenfs, any thing woven, either from 
 animal or vegtt-»ble fub!>ance», for garments ; 
 the linen wherewith a tabic is covered at any 
 meal; tbe car.vafs en wnich pi<li^urei afc 
 
 C L O 
 
 paiBfcdf the feveral coverings which ar» laid 
 on a bed. 
 
 CLO'THIER, S. one who carries on the 
 xanu(a£iory of woollen cloth. 
 
 CLOTHSHEAP.ER, S. one who (hear* 
 the nap of woollen cloth, after it has been 
 raifed bv the catders or teazers. 
 
 CLO'T POLL, S. a word of contempt and 
 reproach, imriiyine a ftupid perfon ; a block- 
 head, or thick-fkuil. 
 
 To CLO'TTER, V. A. See To CLOT. 
 
 CLOTTY, Ac^j. fullof clots or lumps. 
 
 CLOUD, S. [from chJ, according to Som- 
 mer, or from clodde, Belg. a fpotj a collecti- 
 on of condejjfed vapours lufpended in the at- 
 mofphere. Clouds ^rs the moft confjderable of 
 all the meteors, as furnifhing water and plenty 
 to the earth ; mitigating the excefiive heats of 
 the torrid zone, and fcreening it from the 
 beams of the fun ; collefling the rays of light 
 by the numerous refra<ftions they fuffer in 
 their paflage through them, thereby prolong- 
 ing the ftay of lighr, after the fun is defcended 
 below the horizon, and anticipating its com- 
 ing fome time before it has afcended above it j 
 without their medium, the heavens would be 
 one uniform fable fubftance, the rays of light 
 would be fcattered abroad in the immenfe re- 
 gions of fpace without reaching our eyes, and 
 the ravifhing profpeft of nature would become 
 a large blot ; they confift of very fmall drops 
 of wster detached by external or internal hear, 
 and elevated by eleftricity, and the laws of 
 hydroftatics, above the furface of the earth, 
 till they arrive at a colle'flion of vapours of 
 the fame fpectnc gravity with themlelves, 
 when meeting «ith cold, and by running into 
 each Qther, they form malTes, or collection; 
 heavier than that part of the atmofphere 
 which they fwam in before, and fo fall down 
 in rain. Figuratively, the vein?, or dufky 
 marks in agates, or ftones ; any thing which 
 obfcures; a ftjte of darknefs; a crowd, or 
 great number. "A c'cud of witnefTes." yitte>h. 
 
 To CLOUD, N. A. to darken; to make 
 the countenance appear lovvrinp ; to render a 
 truth -obfciire, or difficult to be underftood ; 
 variegated, or diverfiiied wi.h dark veins, ap- 
 plied to wood and ftones. Neuterly, to grow 
 cloudv, dark, or over caft, applied to the Iky, 
 or weaiher. 
 
 CLOU'D-BERRY, S. in Botany, a fpe- 
 cie". or the rohui or bramlle, 
 
 CLOU'D-CAPT, Adj. covered, topped 
 by, or touching the clouds. " The cUud-caff 
 toviers," ^kak. 
 
 CLQU'DILY, Adv. in a cloudy or darlf 
 manner. 
 
 CLOU'DINESS, S. a ftate whe.-ein clouds 
 procure darknefs and obfcuiity ; want of 
 brightnefs or lufture; foulnefs, applied to pre? 
 cioiis f'one?, 
 
 CLGU'DLESS, Adj. without clouds ; 
 clear, applied to the weather. Without fpot? 
 or foulnefs, applied to jewels, 
 
 ' ' '^'^ ^ ■ ci^oy'DY,
 
 C L XJ 
 
 ' CLO'UDY, Adj. [See CLOUD.] forme^l 
 of clouds; dark, obfcure, or overcaft with 
 clouds. Fitruratively, obfcure; dark j imper- 
 ii€t ; fullers ; gloomy j dejcfted. 
 
 CLOVE, the preter of CLE.'WE. 
 
 CLOVE, S. {chit, Fr. clav$ di cfpecias, 
 Ital. ckido dcg'rofano, Span J an aromatic fruit, 
 brought from t.^e Eart indjsG, growing an a 
 tree twenty feet high, whofe leaves refemble 
 thofe of the iiav-tree, 
 
 CLO^VE-GILLYFLOWER, S. [fo called 
 from its rmclting like cloveej In Botany, the 
 dinrth'iZ, or caryophilus. 
 
 GLO'VEN, psriiciple from CLEAVE. 
 
 CLO'VEN-FOOTED, or CLO'VEN- 
 HOOFED, Adj. having the foot or hoof di- 
 vided into two parts. 
 
 CLO'VER, orCLO'VER-GRASS, S. in 
 Botany, a fpacies of trefoil. To live in clo'ver^ 
 is a phrafe for living luxurioufly, becaufe clo- 
 ver is reckoned a delicious food for cattle. 
 
 CLOUGH, S. [Sax-, pronounced chffj^ the 
 clift of a hill ; a clift. 
 
 CLOUT, S. [clut, Sax. clujle, Bdg. clod, 
 Teut.J a fqoare piece oi doth made double, 
 ferving, among other yfes, to keep infants 
 clean from their evacuations ; a patch on a Hioe 
 or garment. 
 
 To CLOUT, V. A. to patch or mend in 
 a coarfe and chimfy manner j to cover v/ith 
 a thick cloth ^ to join aukwardly or dumfily 
 together. 
 
 CLO'UTED, Part, patched or mended ; 
 joined in a clunify manner. 
 
 CLO'UTERLy, Adj. clowniihly ; c'lnm- 
 fily ; or performed in an aukward manner, 
 
 CLOWN, S. a ruftic or country fellow; 
 t>ne whole behaviour is lude, and manners are 
 unpuli/hed. 
 
 CLO*WNISH, Adj. in a manner agreeable 
 to clowns; rude; aukward; ill-bred 3 and 
 coarfe, like a clown. 
 
 CLO'WNISHLY,Adv.inaclumfy, cjjarfe, 
 rude, an ill-bred mjaner. 
 
 CLOWNISHNiLSS, S. unpolifhed rude- 
 nefs, ruftic fimplicity, or aukward addrefs ; 
 broadnefs and coarfene.'s of expreflion. 
 
 To CLOY, V. A. [encloucr, Fr.] to fill 
 fo with tiod, as to le ivs no appetite for anv 
 more; to Uirfeit aluioft to loathing. 
 
 CLUB, S. [a'lvfipa, Brit. ,7//f/, Belg. 
 hlb, Tcut.] a h;;avy and ftrong ftick, ufed as 
 an offenfive weapon. In Gaming, the n rr.c 
 of one of the fuits of cards, called in Frenc.i 
 trff.j, from its refcmbling ihe trefoil le;f, or 
 th.it of clover grals. The money-ptoponioi. 
 or lum every nieini'er is obliged to pay at a 
 drinking lociety ; nn alTen)l)y meeting at a 
 public houfe to loend the evening, generally 
 incorporated and regulated by orders eftabillll- 
 cd nmo.-g themfelves } concurrence; joint ex- 
 pend or contribution. 
 
 To CLUB, V. A. to contribute one's pro- 
 portion to a public expence ; to join and unite 
 in one common defigri ; to c«rry on fomi com- 
 
 e o A 
 
 m on (jefign which requires the affiftailefe of 
 
 many. 
 
 CLU'BHEADED, Adj. having a roUnd 0? 
 [hick head. 
 
 CLUB-LAW, S. the compeirng the affent 
 of a perfon by externa! force or violehce. 
 
 To CLUCK, V. N. [chcciar., Brit, do- 
 ch.it, Arm. cloclan. Sax. k'.cchcn, Belg. J to make 
 a noife like a hen v\hen calling her chick- 
 ens. 
 
 CLUMP, S. \_kk!^.p; Murrpi, Teut.] i 
 ihapelefs thick piece ot wood, nearly as broad 
 as long. 
 
 C LU'IVISILY, Adv. in an uncouth, auk- 
 ward, gracelefs, and unplea(irig manner. 
 , CLU'MSINESS, 3. want cf ingi-nuity, 
 ficill, dexterity, or readinefsih performing any 
 thing ; aukwardnefs. 
 
 CLU/MSV, Adj. aukward, artlefj, un- 
 hacdy, and without gr jce, in the performance 
 of any thing , hejvy, thickj and coarfe^ with 
 refpedt to weight and fli?pe. 
 
 CLUNG, thepiecerand part, of CLING. 
 
 To CLUNG, V. N. Idingan, Sax. to 
 wafte away] to dry or wafte like wood, after ic 
 is cut. 
 
 CLUNG, Part, v/afted away, by a con- 
 fumption, or other diforders ; fcrunk. 
 
 CLU'STER, S. [c/ay?o-, ch;Jle^ S.ix. klyjltr, 
 Belg.] a bunch, or feveral things of the lame 
 fort, growing ciofe together, and on one coni- 
 mon ftdlk. Figuratively, a number of infetis 
 crouiiing together ; a body of, or feveral peo- 
 ple coUtjfted together. 
 
 To CLU^STER, V. N. to grow in bunches 
 clofe together, a,^d one ftslk, applied to v6- 
 ■getiblef. To g.uher tLfe iOi.cther in bo- 
 dies, applied to bees. To colleifl into bunches, 
 ^ CLU'STER-GRAPE, S. in Bouny, tha 
 fmall black grape, gcn>;r;!lly the forwardcll of 
 any. 
 
 CLU'STERY, Adj. growing clofc together 
 on one common ftalk. 
 
 To CLUTCH, V. A. to hold in the hand 
 with cherin;^^ersai)d thumbs cIof..'d to'^ethtr ; to 
 gripe, or gr.ilp; to fhiit the luai clufe, foas 
 to feiaie and hold a thing I'jfl-. 
 
 CLUTCH, S. a gripe, grafp, or feisure 
 with he haid fhut very f.ift: and clof-. Fi- 
 gur<«t vety, in the pluril, cUttckss, ths paws or 
 taloi:s of a bird Or wild l-eaft. PoiFeflion, in- 
 cluding theiJcA of raf)aC'f;uinef<. 
 
 CLUTTER, S. [Sic CLATTER] a noife 
 mide I'y a nerfon's being in a hmry about feme 
 triflinK a(K,.ir ; a huny or cLunour*. .i lofc" word. 
 
 CLY'STER, S. [xXyrti, from yX^.t-^, 
 Gr. to wifhj in Medi:inc, » dccoflion o! va- 
 rious ingredients injedlcd into the a.Tus by 
 means of a fyrinije, or pipe and bliddtr. 
 
 To COA'CERVATE, V. A. {naarva- 
 turn, fupine of coaar^o, L.;t J to heap toge- 
 ther. 
 
 COA'CER.VATION, S. [from coa:tr-vat<'\ 
 the aft of bi*pin£, o: :he ftaic of ihi.-^g heap* 
 ,ed together. 
 
 Q^ CO.A.CH,
 
 C O A 
 
 COACH, S. [cache, Tt. kotozy, Boh. ko- 
 thy, Hung, cucby, Tur.] a carriage of plea 
 fure and Itate, having both back and front 
 feats, hung upon ftraps or fprings, running on 
 four wheels, and diftinguilhed fiom a cbanot, 
 becaul'e it has two feats fronting each other, 
 and from a 'vis-aifh, btcaufe more than one 
 perfon can fit oppofite to another. This car- 
 jiage was originally intended for the country, 
 and when firft introduced into cities, there 
 were but two even at Paris, one of which 
 belonged to the queen, and the other to Diana, 
 natural daughter of Henry II. The firft cour 
 tier who fet up this equipage, was John dc 
 Laval de Bois Dauphin, who could not travel 
 on horfetiack, on account ot his enormous 
 bulk. We find even in England, that as law 
 as queen Elizabeth's time, the nobility of both 
 rexes attended her in proceflions on horfeback. 
 To COACH, V. A, to carry or convey 
 in a coach. 
 
 COACH-BOX, S. the feat whereon the 
 perfon fits to drive a coach. 
 
 COACH-HIRE, S. the fare of a hackney 
 coach, or rsoney paid for the ufe of a hired 
 r.oach. 
 
 CO AUCTION, S. the obliging to do, or to 
 refrain from doing any aftion j force j com- 
 pulfion. 
 
 COA'CTIVE, Adj. having the force of 
 /eOroiningfroni, or compelling to any aflion ; 
 aclliiein concert with. 
 
 c6aD|C'TANT, Part, [from con and 
 aai--:uni, Lat.J helping, sfTifting, or taking 
 j,wt with a perfon in anyaftion ; co-operating 
 COADJU'TOR, S. [from cor, logaher, 
 and adjutor, Lat.J one engaged in allifling an 
 other ; an afliflani, aJVcciite, or partner in 
 ;n" undertaking. In the Canon Law, one ap- 
 pointed and empoVered to perform the duties 
 ofanother. 
 
 COAUJU'VANCY, S. [from cen, and 
 pjj:nar.r., participle of adjwvo, Lar, to afliflj 
 help ■■) conciirreme in any procefs or opera- 
 tion ; a contributing lo effect any particular 
 
 def)g.n. 
 
 COADUNITION, S, [from an, ad, and 
 «)irjo, Lat.J the uniting of feveral things or 
 psrticles, fo as to form one common rr-afs. 
 
 ToCOAGME'NT, V. A. [from coag- 
 rrierto, Lat.J lojoin, eltie, or heap togetli^r, 
 fo as to foim 01:1: m..fs. " Had the wc.-W i^een 
 €oagmcnt(d from that fortuitous jumble." 
 
 COAGMENTA'TION, S. Icagfvcr.tatio. 
 Lat.J a joining, uniii.'.p, fluing, orotherwill- 
 heaping fcvcral panicle.'; or fu: ftances io[;e- 
 ihcr, fo as to form one comcron m^fs. Thf 
 j(.iiing fev-ial fyllables or words together, lo 
 as 10 form one word^ or fentence, applied \v 
 fiyle, or griiain.ar. " Cementing and coag- 
 wtr.lJt'ton of w<jids." jfohnkn. 
 
 COA'GULAULE, Aoj. [from oo^jjh, 
 Lat. to curdle] thit which piay ihiclicn, 
 grow denfe, or concrete. 
 
 C O A 
 
 To COA'GULATE, V. A. IcBSgutet 
 Lat.J to make a thing curdle, or turn into 
 clots, applied to the turning of milk into 
 curds by means of rennet. Neuterly, to cur-- 
 die; to form concretions ; to congeal. ■ 
 
 COA'GULATION, S. [coagulatio, Lat.] 
 the a(5t of turning into curds. Concretion ; 
 congelation ; or growing thick and tangible, 
 applied to fluids ; the ftate of a thing congeal- 
 ed, curdled or condenfed 5 the fubftance or 
 body formed by congelation or concretion. 
 
 CO'AGULATIVE, Adj. [from coagulate} 
 that which has the power of caufing coagula- 
 tions, concretions ; curdling, or depriving a 
 body of its fluidity. 
 
 COAGULATOR, S. that which caufes 
 condenfations, or concretions. 
 
 COAL, S. [col. Sax. kol, koht, Teut. kill, 
 Belg. kul, Dan.] a folid, dry, opake, inflam- 
 mable fubftance, found in large ftrata, fplit- 
 ting generally in an horizontal dire£lion, of a 
 black, glofTy hue, foft and friable> not fufible, 
 but eafily inflammable, and leaving, wheit 
 burnt, a great quantity of afhes, Ufcd fome- 
 tjmes f«r charcoal. 
 
 COAL-BLACK, Adj. of the colour of coal} 
 the deepeft; black. 
 
 TO COALE'SCE, V, N. to unite toge- 
 ther. 
 
 COALE'SCENCE, S- [coaUfeens, Lat.] 
 the acfl of coalefcing or uniting of feveral par- 
 ticles, whereby they adhere together, and form 
 one body, or common mafs. 
 
 COA'LIERY, S. a place where coals arc 
 dug. Coal-mine K molt fiequcntly ufed. 
 
 COALI'TION, S. [coalitum, fupine of 
 coaleicu. Lat. to unite together] the uniting or 
 joining ot different particles, fo as to compofe 
 one common mafs. 
 
 CO'AL-WORK, S. a coal-mine, or place 
 where coals ate dug. 
 
 COA'LLY, Adj. abounding In coal. 
 COAPTATION, S. the fitting, or artful 
 difpofition or arrangement of the parts of a 
 thing, cr of the words of a tentence. 
 
 COARSE, Adj. mixed with drofs, not re- 
 fined, applied to me'ais. Rough, and con- 
 fifting of large threads, applied to cloth or filk 
 manufadtures. Rude, uncivil, indelicate, 
 il'.-bred, applied to behaviour, or manners. 
 Unpoliihed, and not elegant, applied to lan- 
 i,U3ge. Mean, vile, rough, and of no value. 
 
 COA'RSELY, Adv. [from cca-fe and Ij, 
 of /;«, Sax.] in a rude, rough, inelegant man- 
 ner, free from any graces, or appearance of 
 pclitenefs. 
 
 COA'RSENESS, S. want of purity; a- 
 bounding in drofs ; want of elegance or deli- 
 cacy ; cinwniflinefs, rudenefs, rufticity j a 
 comoofit'on of mean and cheap m^teri.-ils. 
 
 COAST, S. [«A Fr. cop, Ital. and 
 I.ar.j a (hi,re or lan.^, which lies near, and 
 is wallied by, the fc:a. Uf d ly Sir Ifaac New- 
 ton, in the \<i':'St of the orlginii French and 
 Latin, for a Cdc, or part. " Otherv.ils would 
 
 iiot
 
 c o c 
 
 fUt to be refrafted towards that coajf^ rather 
 4han any other coaft.''^ Tfn coaji is clear, a 
 phrafe implying that any danger is over, and 
 that there are no obftades in a perfon's way 
 
 To COAST, V. N. in Navigation, to fail 
 near a coaft, or keep within fight of land, 
 
 CO'ASTER, S. one vyho mike? a voyage 
 ffom port to port on the fame coaft, keeping 
 at the fame time within fight of the /hore 3 
 cne who fails near the fhore. 
 
 COAT, S. Icotu, Fr. cotta, Lit.] the 
 outward garment of a man, made with plaits 
 at the fides ; the lower part of a woman's drefs 
 tied round the waift, and eovenng the legs. 
 Figuratively, any covering or tegument. 
 *' The eye has its coats." The hairs or fur of 
 a bead. Iq Heraldry, the efcutcheon, field, 
 or habit, on which a perfon's arms are pour- 
 trayed. 
 
 To GOAT, V. A. to cover er fpread 
 over. 
 
 To COAX, V, A. to endeavour to per- 
 fuade a perfon by flattery, cr infinuating ad- 
 jjrefs ; a low word. 
 
 COA'XER, S. one who endeavours to per- 
 jFuade a perfon by flattery, or artful and infinu- 
 ating behaviour. 
 
 To COBBLE, V. A. [hbler, Belg.] to 
 piend any thing in a clumfy manner, generally 
 applied to fhoes. To do or make any thing 
 in a coarfe, unhandy, or aukward manner. 
 
 CO'BBLER, S. ffrom the verbj a mender 
 &f old /hoes. Figuratively, a very bad work- 
 man J one who cannot perform any thing with 
 elegance. 
 
 COBl'RONS, S. [from cop, Sax. or kopff, 
 Belg. an head, and ironj] irons with a knob at 
 the upper end* ufed in fire-places where wood 
 is burned. 
 
 COB-SWAN, the head or leading fwan in 
 a fwannary. 
 
 CO'BWEB, S. [from hp, Belg. a fplder, 
 and 'webj the web or net of a fpider. Figu- 
 ratively, any fnare, or trap. Sometimes ufed 
 for a rcftraint which may be eafily broken 
 through. 
 
 CO^CCI/PEROUS, Adj. [from xoxK'^ and 
 jj?£fi), Gr.] in Rotany, a term applied to all 
 plants having berries. 
 
 COCHINE'AL, S, [cochinilla^Span.} an 
 Jnfe£l found upon the opuntia, originally of a 
 white or pellucid colour, but turning red by 
 means of the food it eat?, and when dried af- 
 fording a beautiful purple colour, made ufe of 
 J>y dyers, 
 
 CO'CHLEARY, Adj, [from cocL'ea, Lat. 
 a fcrew] made in ihe form uf a frrew. 
 
 CG'CIILEATED, Adj, [from ccr/Aa, 
 J.at. ] tvvifledin fcrrnofa fcrew. Turbinated, 
 applied to (hells. 
 
 COCK, S. [cocr, Sax, keci, Re!g. cof, 
 Fr.j the male of ihefpecies of domelVic fowl.-, 
 famous tor its courage, pride, and gall ntry ; 
 iiie maie of any birds 0/ fowls. I4''ir.il.cr cock 
 an jnflrument turning round a pivci, ufed ti. 
 
 C c 
 
 ffiew the point from which the velnd blows •' 
 an inftrumeut, turning with a fcrew, made op 
 bell-metal, and ufed in drawing liquor? from, 
 cafks ; the notch of an arrow ; that part ai 
 the lock of a gun, which holds the flint j the; 
 particular form in y/Jiich the brims of ^ hat 
 9re placed ; the ftyle or gnomon of a dial j the 
 needle of a ballance. Cock a hoop, or (sck en 
 the hoop, a phrafe implying triumphant exul- 
 tation, or elation on account ef fome fu<;- 
 cefs. 
 
 To COCK, V, A. to erea, or fet upright, 
 " Cacks his ears." Gay. To mould the fhape 
 of a hat ; to wear the hat with an air of pe- 
 tulance, and fmartnefs 5 to fix the cede of a 
 gun ready for difcharging j to lay hay in fmall 
 heaps. Neuterly, to ftrut, hold up the head, 
 or look big on account of any little fuccefs, 
 
 COCKA'DE, S, a ribband, tied in a bovr, 
 or formed in ihe fbape of a rofe, worn in a 
 man's hat, 
 
 CPCKA'TRICE, S. [from cocl: and attey 
 Sax. a ferpent] a ferpent fuppofed to beformedi 
 from a cock's egg. figuratively, a perfon of 
 an infidious, venomous, and treacherous difpo- 
 fltlon. 
 
 COCK-BOAT, S. a fmal} boat belongir^g 
 to a fhip. 
 
 CO'CK-CROWING, q, the time a^ 
 which cocks ctQw. Figuratively, the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 To CO'CKER, V. A. [coquiliner, Fr.] 
 to indulge too much ; to fondle, qr tre?t witl^ 
 too much fondnefs, 
 
 CO*'CKER, S. or,e wjio Ijeeps cqckg fpy 
 fighting. 
 
 CQ'CKEREL, S. a young pocU. 
 
 Cd'CKET, S. a feal belonging to the puf- 
 tom-houfe 5 an inftrurnent drawn on parch- 
 ment, figned, fealed and delivered to mfr- 
 chants, as a certificate that they have paid tl;9 
 cuHoms for their goods. 
 
 CO'CK-HORSE, Adv. triumphant 5 fr- 
 uiting; a kind of low word. 
 
 CO'CKLE, S. [coquiUe, Fr.] a fsnall lhel| 
 fifh. 
 
 To COCKLE, V. N. tocontraaanyftaff 
 into wrinkles by wet, or rain, 
 
 CO'CKLED, part, flje'jlcd j wfin|tled by 
 wet, 
 
 CO'CKLOFT, S, a room over a g^rtet, fo 
 called from its fmalln^fs. 
 
 CO'CK-NEY, S, {paii de cccc'igne, in Bol- 
 leau, is a country of diinties ; fimiiar to thl» 
 is *'■ a lorJ yhcte cccayiiig" Sjx. On whiclj 
 Dr, Iiici<- remarks, that the laft word im- 
 pfeJ a ptrfon given to luxury, voluptuoufnefsj 
 and cd'enunjte plcafures, and Ifum lience wia 
 i^ivcn, as a terna of rpproai.h, to ihofc that 
 ive in cities, being at firft \A/rote cacali'ne, and 
 oy time cortupted into ccchry] a peilci to.'U 
 n London j a word of coiiccrnpt. I'igura- 
 rively, any elVi-minirc, luxurioo'-, ignorant„ 
 )r ii)cxpe>ienred perfon dwelling in » ?ity. 
 
 CO'CK-PIT, S. a phce wnctein cocks ge- 
 ■ ■' a a ' nrraiy
 
 C O E 
 
 iserally (iglit. In a &ip, a place on the lower 
 deck of a man of war, in which are divifioiis 
 for the purfer, the furg,eon, and his mates. 
 
 CO'CK's-COMB, S. a phnt, the fame as 
 Icr.cf-zvort. See COXCOMB. 
 
 CO'CK's-HEAD, S. in Botany, a plant 
 called ]\ktvii(e fiimfoin, and eftecmtd one ot 
 the bell furts ot fodder for cattle. 
 
 CO'CK-SHUT, S. the clofc of the even- 
 ins, at which time poultry go to rooi't. 
 
 CO'CK-SPUR, S. in Botany, the Virgi- 
 Ijian hawthorn. 
 
 CO'CKSURE, Ad], confident; certain. 
 
 CO'CKSWAIN, S." [coigfivaine, Sax. from 
 cogg, a boatj and Jicain] an offictr on boarc! 
 men ot war, who has the command of the 
 boat. 
 
 CO'CKWEED, S, in Botany, the Jitian- 
 der, or pepper- wort. 
 
 COCOA, S. See CHOCOLATE NITT. 
 
 CO'CTILE. Adj. [coai!h,hiX.} made by 
 liking. 
 
 CC"'CTION, S. [Lat.] a borling. In Sur- 
 gery, a digeftion of matter. " Taken off by 
 a coElion and refolution of the feverifii mat- 
 ttr." Aibut. 
 
 COD, orCO'DflSH, S. a fea-fi(h,caughf 
 ' en the banks of Newfoundland, and many 
 ether par;s. 
 
 COD, S. [codde, Sax.] in Bot,iny, any 
 caf«, or hufk, in wiiich feeds sie lodged. 
 
 To COD, V. N. to inclofe in a hulk, cafe, 
 or cod. 
 
 CODE. S. [from cohx, Lat.] a book ; a 
 book of civil laws, appropriated by way o( 
 eminence, to the colledlion made by Jufti- 
 nian. 
 
 CO'DICIL.S. [a diminutive of for/fv, l.at.l 
 a wtitinj; mide by way of fupplement to a 
 v<i]l, in order to fuppiy fojiethii.g omitted, 
 or alter and ex^>lain fomeihing contained in 
 the 'eftament. 
 
 COD'ILLE, S. [Fr. codUh, Span,] in 
 framing, a term at ombrf, implying that the 
 game is won againft the player j this is 
 termed hnjled in quadrille. 
 
 To CO OLE, V. A. [of coaulo, a dimi- 
 nutive of cojuo, Lat.] to parboil j to foften 
 by I he lieat of wate:. 
 
 CO'DLING, S. an early kind of apple, 
 fo called fiom its being generally boiled tor 
 eati.ip. 
 
 COETFIC \CY, S. [ftom con and efi.a- 
 eio, Lar.j the uniipd power of feverjl things 
 attipg ■Q{H\.e.x to prn4uce an effect. 
 
 COEFFi'CrtNCY, S. [from con and eji 
 cicns, paft. of e£iao, Lat. J the afling toge- 
 ther, fir join! ail of fevtral things to pioduce 
 any eflcCl 
 
 COEFri'C'ENT, Part, [an and effciem, 
 Lai.] that which a£ls Jointly with aiiotiier. 
 Oi'ffic'unts, in A!g'.;bra, numbers or uneven 
 qujntities prefixed to letters, in which they 
 ate fuppoffjd to be muhiplicd. In Fluxions, 
 applied to any geneiating term, it isthe^uan- 
 4- 
 
 C O E 
 
 ttty ari/ing Trom the divifion of that term \if 
 
 the generated quantity. 
 
 COE'LIAC, Adj. [from xo»X«t, Gr. the 
 bcllyj in Medicine, joined lo faj/ion, a diar- 
 hcEa, loofenefs, or fiux, wherein the aliment 
 comes away cither indigefted, or turned to 
 chyle, inftead of decrements. 
 
 COE'LIAC-ARTERY, S. in Anatomy, 
 the firi^ artery detached from the defcending 
 trunk of the aorta into the abdomen, 
 
 COE'QUAL, Adj. [from con and Cfualis, 
 Lat. J being in the fame ftatc, condition, and 
 circumftances as another. 
 
 COEQLTAL'ITY, S. the ftateof two per- 
 funs or things which are equil to each other. 
 To COE'RCE, V. A. [evened, Lat.j to 
 redrain by force, or punifhments, from the 
 committing any crime, or performing any 
 aftion. 
 
 COE'RCIBLE, Adj. that which may, or 
 ought to be reftrained. 
 
 COE'RTiON, S. [from coerceo, or coercio, 
 Lat.] a check, or rcftraint. A refi raining 
 from the violation of any law, by means of 
 puniftiment, 
 
 COE'RCIVE, Adj. that which has th« 
 
 power of reftraining ; that which has theau- 
 
 thoiitv of reftraining by means of puniftiment. 
 
 COESSE'NTIAL, Adj. [from «« and ef- 
 
 [ent'ia, Lat.J partaking of the fame efTence. 
 
 COESSENTIA'LITY, S. the quality of 
 partikinz of the fame efTence with another. 
 
 COETA'NEOUS, Adj. [from «« and ^Mx, 
 age] of the fame age with another. 
 
 COETERNAL, Adj. [from m« and .e/^r- 
 rri-y Lat.J exifting eternally with another j 
 equally eternal with another. 
 
 COETER'NALLY, Adv. m a manner 
 equally eternal with another. 
 
 C0£ TE'RNl TY, [from con and aterni- 
 tas, Lat.] having an eternity of exiftence 
 together with, or equal to, the eternity of 
 another. 
 
 COE'VAL, A>!J. [coa-vus, Lat.] born or 
 produced at the fame time j of the fame age 
 -s another. 
 
 COE'VOUS, Adj. (coa-vus, Lat.] of the 
 fame age ; living at the fame time. 
 
 To COEXl'ST, V. N . [from ccn and ex. 
 :flo, Lat.] to exift, or be at the fame time, or 
 ill the tame place. 
 
 COEXI'STENCE, S. [from coexi/i] the 
 having exigence ac the fame time or place 
 with ..nother. 
 
 COEXISTENT, Adj. having exiflence at 
 ;he fame time with another. " Coexijien! vi'nh 
 the motions." Locke. 
 
 ToCOEXTE-'ND, V. A. [from con and 
 extetido, Lat.J to extend to the fame fpace, pe- 
 riod, or duration with another, followed by 
 wiib, before the objett with which the co- 
 extcnfion is formed. 
 
 COEXTE'NSION, S. the. aft or ftate of 
 extending to the fame fpace or duration with 
 <inother. 
 
 CO'JFFEE,
 
 COG 
 
 CO'FFEE, S. [cabucb, Turk, cahuab, 
 Arab, caffc, Fr.] the berry of a tree, former- 
 ly peculiar to the kingdom of Yaman, in Ara- 
 bia, but now propagated in moft of our colo- 
 nies, in Jamaica efpecially, where it is little- 
 inferior to the bed Turky. It grows on a tree 
 forty feet high, which in Arabia is always co- 
 vered with flowers and fruit. Irs leaves rc- 
 fcmble the common laurel. The I'quor or 
 decoction made from the berry roaftcd, was 
 introduced into England fitft by Mr. Daniel 
 Edwards, a Turky merchant, in the year 
 1652, bringing with him one Pafquer, a 
 Grf.ek fervant, to make cofiee for him ; who 
 was the firft perfon that ever fet up a cofi'ee- 
 houfe. 
 
 CO'FFEE-HbUSE, S. a place where cof- 
 fee is fold, perfons generally meet, if ne.ir 
 'Change, tranfaft bufi/iefs, and the news- 
 papers are taken in for the accomodation of 
 cuftomers, 
 
 CO'FFEE-MAN, S. one who keeps a cof- 
 fee-houfe. 
 
 COTFER, S. [coffre, Sax.] a c'left for 
 keeping money. Figuratively, treafurc. In 
 Fortification, a ho'low lodgment acrofs a dry 
 moat, the upper part of which is raifcd with 
 pieces of timber above the moat'c level, is co 
 vered with hurdles laden with earth, and 
 fervas as a parapet with embrazures. It is ge- 
 nerally ufed by the befieged to repiilfe the ene- 
 rny, when rhey endeavour to pafs the ditch. 
 
 To CO'FFER, V. A. to put into cherts or 
 coffers, followed by up. " Might coffir «/>," 
 Jiotve. 
 
 COTFERER cf the king's houfio/J, S. a 
 principal officer at court, in the connting- 
 houfe, or elfewhete, next -to the ccnjptroUer, 
 who infpefts over the behaviour and condufl 
 of the other officers of the houiliold, and pays 
 them their refpeftive falaries. 
 
 COFFIN, S. [cofn, Fr. cofcino, Ital. cofa, 
 Sax. kofe, Ifl. a little houfej the receptacle 
 wherein a dead body is placed for its inter- 
 Xnent. In Paftty, a mould of parte for a pye. 
 A paper cafe, in form of a cone or pyramid ; 
 a round piece of paper with the edges b^entup 
 perpendicularly, ufed by the apothccaiies to 
 drop their bolulFes in, to keep the outward 
 part clean. 
 
 To CO'FFIN, V. A. to place, or inclof 
 In a coffin. 
 
 To COG, V. A. to perfuade, wheedle, or 
 gain a perfon over by flattery, nr an infinuat- 
 ingaddrefs. " I'll ro^ their hearts from ihcrn." 
 Shak. ^ To falfjfy, or corrupt a manufcript, by 
 inferting fome word or fcnlence ; to obtrude 
 falfhoods, or endeavour to make them pafi 
 current. _ To cog a die, ii to fecure it io, as to 
 d:re«-,it in its fall. To lye ; to wheedle. 
 
 COG, S. the tooth of a wheel by which it 
 a£Vs upon another wheel. 
 
 To COG, V. A. to i\\ coge in a wheel. 
 
 CO'GENCy, S. [cogens, Lat, from cego, 
 Lat. vo force] the power of compelling j the 
 
 C O H 
 
 power of extorting afl'ent, or obedience; 
 
 CO'GENT, Part, [cogens, Lat.j able to 
 compel to aftion 5 powerful ; refirtleis. 
 
 CO^GENTLV, Adv. in a forciSile manner. 
 Extorting conviaion and affent, applied to ar- 
 guments. 
 
 CO'GGER, S. a fiuterer ; a wheedler. 
 
 CO'GITABLE, Adj. [cogiubilis, Laf.] 
 that which may be thought on, or may be the 
 lubj^a Of thought, 
 
 COGITA'TJON,S. [cogitatic-L^i.] the 
 beholding an idea in the mind ; the ad of 
 thinking. Figuratively, thought, purpofe, in- 
 tention, or delign ; meditation. 
 
 CO'GITATIVE, Adj. [cogitatus, Lat,] 
 havingthe power of thouglitj given to thought, 
 rtudy, or rcflfdlion. 
 
 CO'GLE STONE, S. [cuogoU, Ital,] a 
 fmall pebble 5 a little ftone. 
 
 COGNA'TION, S. [cogna<io, Lat] in 
 Civil Law, the relation between both males 
 and females defcending from the fame ftock j 
 relation ; a partaking of the fame nature. 
 
 COGNISE'E. S. in Law, the perfon to 
 whom a fine in lands or tenements is acknow- 
 ledged. 
 
 CO'GNISOR, S. in Law, one that paffcj 
 or acknowledges a fine in lands or tcne.-nenti 
 10 another. 
 
 COGNITIVE, Adj. that which has the 
 power of knowing or aporehending 
 
 COGNIZABLE, Adj. [crgnijabk, Fr.] 
 proper fur the confideratfon or inTpettion of 
 a perfon fubjed: to judicial examination and 
 notice. 
 
 CO'GNIZANCE, S. [conn-'iJJ-ance, Fr.] In 
 Law, an acknowledgement of a fine, or con- 
 feflion of fonnething done; (he he^rinj of a 
 matter judicially ; the particulat juriidiitum of 
 n magil'rate, or annbjeft which more particu- 
 larly falls under his infpeftion or notice ; a 
 badge by which any perfon may be known or 
 diftinBir!ni(-.d, 
 
 COGNOS'CIBLE, A-^j. [cogrofciy, Lat.] 
 that may bt known ; poflible to" be known ; 
 being ilie o'ljeft of knowled;::";. 
 
 ToCOH.VBlT, V.N. [from «n. together, 
 and hal-it", to dwell] to dwell in the fame 
 place with another i to live together as man 
 and wife. 
 
 COHA'BITANT, S. [con and /w^f.'.^-i] 
 ine who dwells in the /ame place with an- 
 other. 
 
 COri.ACITA/TION, S. [cheaa of dwell- 
 ing with another in tile fame place ; the living 
 tjgtther as man and wife. 
 
 CO'HEiR, S. [from cobce-cs, L.it.] a man 
 who eiijoys an inheritance together with an- < 
 other, 
 
 CO'HEIRESS, S. a female who enjoys an 
 inheritance with another. 
 
 To COHli'RE, V. N. [from cobarc-,, La', 
 
 to ftick logelher ; toehold tall to one another, 
 
 as parts of the lame body. To be well con- 
 
 nedled j to <.e.Jcnd on wh.«t has prcccoi"^, 
 
 <i^3 and
 
 C 01 
 
 Stj^ connect with what follows, applied to 
 titerarj compofitions. To luit, fit, or be fit- 
 Ita to ; to agree. 
 
 COHE'RENCE, or CDKE'RENC'/, t. 
 ^vohtrer.tia, Lat'.] in Phyfics, the Rate of bo- 
 dies in which their parts are joined together 
 fo as to refift (iivulCon, or feperation ; relation ; 
 dependency J confiftency, fo as one part of a 
 difcourfe does not contradift another. 
 
 CDHE''RENT, Part, fcoha-rem, Lat.] 
 ilicking together fo as to refift a feparation ) 
 fuitable ; adapted to one another 5 confiftent, 
 or not contradiftory. 
 
 COHE'SlbN, S. [from cohere] the aSion 
 whereby the atoms or primary corpufcles of 
 todies arfe conne£led together, fo as to form 
 particles^ and the particles are kept together, 
 fo as to foim fenfible maffes. Figuratively, 
 eohefion fignifies the ftatc of union or infepa- 
 rability both of the particles of matter and 
 bther things ; connexion. 
 
 COHE'SIVE, Adj. that has the power of 
 flicking faft, fo as to refift feparation. 
 
 COHE'SIVENESS, S. the quality of unit- 
 ing, fo as to refift any attempt tofeparatc them, 
 applied to the particles of matter. 
 
 To CO'HOBATE, V, A. to pour any dtf- 
 tilled liquor upon its refiduum, or remaining 
 matter, and diftil it sgain. 
 
 COHOBA'TION, S. the returning any 
 litiuor diftUied uJ)on that which remains, after 
 the dif illation, and the diftillijig it again. 
 
 CO'HORT, S. [cehi)rihi%tn\n\t oi cotors. 
 Lat.] a troop of foldiers, in the Roman ar- 
 inieP, tontainit^g about 500 foot. In Poetty, 
 iiftd for any company of loldiers or warriors. 
 
 COIF, S. [cofffe, tt. cii£ia, Span, cofa, 
 Ital. ouehf, Arab, the head, qutfa, Araii, a 
 head-drelj] a head-drefs 5 a lady's cap j n fer- 
 jeant at law's cap. 
 
 COl'FFEDj A«j wearing a cap. 
 
 COI'FURE, S. [from cc>ffurt\ Fr.] head- 
 8refs. " I am highly pleafed with your cot' 
 Jure." Sfeff. No. 98 
 
 COIGNE, S. [Fr.] a corner, a wooden 
 vedge nfed by printers, 
 
 TO COIL, V. A. [cueUe'n, Fr. co^^Uare, 
 Ital J to reduce into a narrow compafs. To coil 
 a rcff; is to wind it in a ring. 
 
 cdlL, S. \h:iercr., Teut,] a tumult, noJfe, 
 confufion, or buftle, occafiontd by fomc quar- 
 rel ; 3 rope wound into a ring. 
 
 COIN, S. {coi^^ne, Fr.] a corner; .nny 
 thing ftanoing v/ith a corner outwards ; a brick 
 cut diagonally, pronounced jueiM, ox quine. 
 
 COIN, S. {crin, Fr. corid, Ital.j money, 
 or me;al ftumped with a lawful impieflion ; 
 ■ hsymert o''sny kind ; ccmpenlation. 
 
 TO COiN, V. A. to mint, or flamp me- 
 tals fcr money : to make or forge any thing, 
 \i\vA in an ill fenfci 
 
 CO'iNACE, S. the ftamping metals ; or 
 irak'r-g money. Thlswjs fo:m;rly perform"d 
 Vy 2 hammer, but at present by a mill ; the 
 Itrn.cr was the only meihcd known till t!ie|eafily put in motion by heat 
 
 Cot 
 
 year 1553, The Engiifh coinage, by aadlng 
 the letters on the edges, contributed not a little 
 to its perfeftion. Figuratively, this word if 
 ufed for coin or money ; the charges or cx- 
 pence of coining. Forgery, or invention, ufed 
 in a bad fenf". 
 
 To COINCI'DE, V. N. {colrddo, Lat.] to 
 fall upon, or meet in the fame point 5 to be 
 confiftent with ; to concur. 
 
 CO'INCIDENCE, S. the ftate of feveral 
 bodies or lints falling upon the fame point; 
 concurrence ; confiftency or uniting to efFeft 
 the fame end, or eftabli/h the fame point. 
 
 CO'INCIDENT, Adj. [c.-mcidem, Lat.J 
 falling upon the fame point, applied to bodieSj 
 or lines. Concurring ; confifting; agreeing ^ 
 mutually tending to the fupport of any particu- 
 lar point. 
 
 COlNDICATION, S. [from «n and /hA- 
 c», Lat.] the concurrence of many fyinptoms, 
 befpeaking or betokening the fame caufe. 
 
 COI'NER, S. one thst makes money. 
 Figuratively, a maker of counterfeit money j 
 an inventor. 
 
 TO COJOIN, V. N. [ccrjunio, Lat.] td 
 join with another in the fame office. 
 
 CO'ISTRIL, .S. a coward, or run -away 
 cock. 
 
 COIT, S. [kcte, Belg. a die] a thing 
 thrown at a mark. See tiJ/OlT. 
 
 COI'TION, S. [from ccitic, Lat.] the afl: 
 of propagating the fpecies ; the aft by which 
 two bodies ccme together. • 
 
 COKE, S. [perhaps from ccquo, Lat. to 
 bake] fewel made by burning pit-coal under 
 the ground, and quenching the cinders; as irt 
 making charcoal. It is frequently ufed in dry- 
 ing malt. 
 
 COL.4'NDER, S. [pronounced cuVertder^ 
 fiom colandus, part, of cbIo, Lat. to ftrain] i 
 fieve, either of hair, twigs, oi" metal, through 
 which any mixture is ftrained, and leaves the 
 grqffer parts behind it. 
 
 COLA'TION, S. [from ctlatim, fupine of 
 (olo, Lat.] the atl of filtering, flraining, o^ 
 feparating any fluid from its dregs or impuri- 
 ties. 
 
 CO'LATURE, S. [cofatus, Lzt] the aft 
 of fepara:ing the dregs of any fluid by flrain- 
 ing it through a fieve, or filtrating it through 
 paper ; the matter ftrained or filtrated. 
 
 CO'LBERTINE, S. a kind of a fine lace 
 worn by women. 
 
 COLCOTHAR, S. in Chemiftry, the 
 dry fubflance remaining after difiillalion, but 
 gene-ally applied to the caput mortuum of 
 vitrii>l. 
 
 COLD, Adj. [cole, Sax. «//, Belg. iub!, 
 Teut. J without warmth, or v/arming ; hav- 
 ing a lenfjtioti cf cold, or ihivering, becaufe 
 the particles of air are lefs in motion thari 
 thofe of our body, or being mixed with ni- 
 trous p.irncles, diminifh the motion of thofS. 
 of t!ie body ; that which is not volatile, or 
 Figuratively, 
 UhafrsdEd \
 
 cot 
 
 enaf^ifted ; not eifily excited Id afllon ; 
 indifferent ; not able to move the paffion j 
 lefcrved, or void of the warmth of friend- 
 Ihip and afleftion j chafle, temperate, not 
 eafily provoked to anger ; not meeting with 
 a warm or affeftionate reception ; deliberate j 
 Calm. 
 
 COLD, S. fomething void of heat or mo- 
 tion, and which contains in it no particles of 
 fire ; that which produces the fenfation of 
 cold ; a difeale caufed by flopping perfpiration, 
 and other efFe£ts of cold weather, 
 
 CO'LDLY, Adv. without warmth or heat ; 
 with great indifference or unconcern. 
 
 CO'LDNESS, S. oppofite to heat; that 
 quality which caufes a fenfation of cold, and 
 deprives a perfon of his natural warmth and 
 heat ; want of kindnefs, love, efteem, or 
 afFeftion ; coynefs, chaftity, or freedom from 
 any immodeftdefires. 
 
 COLE, S. [caivl, Sax.] a general name 
 for ail forts of cabbage, 
 
 CO'LESEED, S. in Botany, the rape, from 
 ■whence rape-feed oil is drawn, cultivated for 
 feeding cattle. 
 
 CO'LEWORT, S. in Botany, afpeclesof 
 the cabbage. 
 
 CO'LIC, S. [colicus, Lat.] in Medicine, 
 a fevere pain in the lower venter, and fo cail^d 
 becaufe it was formerly rhoughi to be feated 
 in the colon, A bilitus colic, proceeds from 
 bilious, fharp, and ftimulating humours. A 
 Jiatulent cdk, is a pain in the bowels, owing 
 to dry fceces contained in the iriteftines. A 
 rervous colic, is from convulfive fpafms, or 
 contortions of the guts, whereby their capa- 
 cities are firai'encd. An hyjieric colic, arifcs 
 from difordets peculiar to women, and from 
 a confent of pjrts. Th? Jione colic, pToceeds, 
 by confent of parts, from the irritation of the 
 ftone or gravel in the bladder or kidneys. 
 CO'LIC, Ad}, aficding the bowels. 
 To COLLA'PSE, V. N. [collapfum, fu- 
 plne of coilabor, Lat.] to fall together ; to 
 clofe together fo as one fide fhall touch ano- 
 ther. Ufed moftly by medical svrirers, 
 
 COLLA'FSION, S. the ftate of veflels 
 clofing of themfelvcs j the a£t of clofing to- 
 gether. 
 
 CO'LLAR, S. [oUollum, Lat. the neck] 
 an ornament of meial worn by knights of fe- 
 veral military orders, hanging over the flioul- 
 ders on ihe mantle, and generally confifting of 
 a gold tlialn, enamelled with cyphers and 
 other devices, ;ind having the badge of the order 
 fufpended at the bottom. That of the order 
 of the garter confilh of SS, with roles ena- 
 melled red, within a garter enamelled blue, and 
 a George at the bottom. Ccliar, is likcwife 
 th.1t part of the hariiel's, which is round a 
 horfe's neck ; the part of the drcfs which 
 furrounds the neck j To jlrp the collar, is a 
 phrale for getting free, efcsping, or extricat- 
 ing one's (elf from any difficult engagement. 
 A lollur of brawn, is a 4uantitj- of brawii 
 
 COL 
 
 rolled snl bound up in a roundifh parcel. 
 To COL'LAR, V. A. to fei/.e by the coi- 
 Ur. Joined with br.itvr., to roll it up and 
 bind it tight with a ftring, in order to make 
 it retdin a round form. 
 
 COLLAR-BONE, S. the clavicle, one of 
 the bones which are on each fuie nf the neck. 
 To COLLA'TE, V. A. Itollatum, fupioe 
 of confiro, Lat.] fo compare one thing with 
 another of the fame kind. Applied to books, 
 to compare and examine them, in order to 
 find whether any thing be deficient, corrupted, 
 or interpolated. Ufed with to, to place in an 
 ecclefiaftical benefice. 
 
 COLLATERAL, Adj. [from con and la- 
 tei-hy genitive of lutui, Lat. a fidcj fide to fide ; 
 running parellel j mutual or fuch as becomes 
 near relations, applied to affedlion. In Geo- 
 graphy, fituated by the fide of another. Not 
 direft, oblique, concurrent, applied to proof?. 
 In Cofmography, intermediate, or lying be- 
 tween the cardinal points. In Gjneatogy, ap- 
 plied to relations of the fame ftockj but not 
 in the fame lineof afcendants and defcendants ; 
 fuch are uncles, aunts, nephews, coufms. 
 Collateral defcent, in Law, is that which pafl'es 
 to brothers children. Collateral affurance, is 
 a bond nriade over and above the deed itCelt for 
 the peiforrriance of a covenant. Collateral fe- 
 cur'tty, is a deed mads of other lands, bcfides 
 thofe granted by thedeed of mortgage, on their 
 not being a fufficient fecurity. 
 
 COLLA'TERALLY, Adj. fide by fide 
 applied to pofition of fituation. In an indi- 
 redt manner, without defign, applied to argu- 
 ment. Not in the fame line of defcendiints, 
 though from the fame ftock, applied to genea- 
 logy. 
 
 COLLA'TION, S. [coUatio, Lat.] the ad 
 of beftowing or conferring, applied to fifts or 
 favours J the comparinj one copy or thing of 
 the fame kind with another, in Canon Law, 
 the be^-owing of a benefit by a bifhop, who 
 has right of patronage j an elegant public en- 
 tertainment or feaft. 
 
 COLLA'TOR, S. [from colatc] one wh-j 
 examines copies or manufcripts, by comparing 
 them with fome other writing. In Law, oj;e 
 who prefcnts to an ecclefiaflical living or bene- 
 fice, generally applied to the prefcntaticT. of a 
 birtiop. 
 
 CO'LLEAGUE, S, [«%^. Lat.J a part- 
 ner or ail'ociate in the fame of^ce. 
 
 To COLLEA'GUE, V. N. to unite or 
 join with. 
 
 To COLLE'CT, V. A, [colUaum, fupinc 
 of college, Lat.] to gather together; to bring 
 (everal things together, or into the fame place ; 
 to add int.! a fum; tu infer, diaw, or de.iuce 
 from arguments. Followed by the reciprocal 
 pronouns hhnfelf, Sec. to recover from a fur- 
 prize ; to reafiemble one's fcattered ideas. 
 
 CO'LLECT, S. [_colle(lum, fupine of colle- 
 .o-j, Lat.J a fhort comptehenfive prayer, ufed 
 in the church fervlce. 
 
 0^4 COLLECTA'NEOUS,
 
 COL 
 
 COLLECT A'NEOUS, A6j. {colknancus,' 
 Lat.J gathered together, collefled. CoUeSlii- 
 rca, ^re note? or remarks gathered Of com- 
 p'.Jed from various books, 
 ^ COLLE'CTIBLE, A-^j. that which m^y 
 be gathered, or itedured from any premifc!. 
 
 COLf^E'CTlON, S, [colkclio, Lat] the 
 ^£t of gathering fcveral pieces together ; an 
 S^rembl^cie of things in the fame place. 
 
 COLLECTL'TibuS. Adj. [coUecTtiius, 
 Lat.l jiathered up. Wants au'hority. 
 
 COLLE'CTIVE, Adj. [cdkai'vus, Lat. 
 cd/c^if, Fr.] gatliered togetlier, conliftingo* 
 feveral members or part?, forming a whole, or 
 or.e common maff. In Louie, a co'.leFth'e idea, 
 "y thn-.vhich unites feveral things of the fame 
 k nd. In Grammar, a colhcii've noun, is a 
 n;un (i\hi.h expreiTcS a multitude, or feveral 
 of the fame fort, though ufed in the fingular 
 number ; as a ccmfa»y ; an army ; zjlici. Em- 
 ployed in deducing confcquencesj argumenta- 
 tive. 
 
 • COLLEfCTIVELY, Adv. in a body, taken 
 tcge'.her, opp&fed to fingly or feparately. In 
 genfral ; or generally ; in one mafs oi heap. 
 
 COi.LE'CTCR, S. [Lat.] one who ga 
 f.\tx'- fcatfered things together. 
 
 COL'LEpE, S. [Fr. coflegium] a collec- 
 tion or body of animals, " Thick as the cc^ipge 
 of the bees." Dryd. This ir a:, unufual 
 fenfe. A fociety of men dedicating themfelves 
 to the fludy of divinity and Icsrning ; a pub- 
 1 c phce endowed with certain revenues, 
 vhere the feveral branyhf of learning, both 
 divine and human, are tai-gl.t ; a coiledlion 
 of foUfgts form an un;veifity. 
 
 COLLE'GIAL, Adj. \'tr,m cclkgel relat- 
 jn;' to a college, or pofieOed by a coiltge. 
 
 COLLE'GIAN S. an inhabitant or mem- 
 ber of a ccUege. 
 
 COLLE'GL'\TE, A . confining of col- 
 lep.f s j inftituted or reguhled after the manner 
 of a college. Colugiate church, i', ih..t which 
 is enoowed for a fociety or body corporate, 
 conf (ling of a dean and fccular priefls, with- 
 out a blfhop ; of this kind arc Weflminfter- 
 Abbev, V>^indfcr, ^c. , 
 ■ CQLLErGI.\TE, S. a member of a college, 
 pr one bred at an univerfity. 
 
 CO^LLET, S. [from coUum, Lat.] former- 
 ly any ih:ng that was worn about 'he neck. 
 Fi^ura'.ive'y, the neck. Among Jewellers, 
 that part of a ring in which the (Tone is fet. 
 ' ToCOLLl'DE, V, A. \crAl\do, Lot.j to 
 ^rtke, b -at. or daflj tw.o things together, or 
 5ga:nl: each other. 
 
 COL'LiER, S. one who dips for coals in a 
 in;ne ; one who lells or deals in co-t's ; a 
 y^fiel ri.jd? nfc of 'o convey coals bv wattr. 
 
 CO'LLiFi.OWER.SeeCAULlFLOVVER. 
 
 COI.LIGA'TIOK, S. \cMg^t:o, Lit.J 
 tlie LMi,.:ine things ciofe, or together. " The 
 ccllif't'i'-K of vtliV-ls." Bnivr,, 
 
 COLLr/QlTAMENT, S. the fi^bilance 
 any thing is leoucta to by dilToliition, or 
 
 COL 
 
 fufion, u I. by being diffolved, or melteJ. 
 
 CO'LLIQUANT, Part, [cclhqujm, Lat.] 
 that which has the power of dilfolving, melt- 
 ing, or wafting. 
 
 CO'LLIQUATABLE, Adj. [See COLLI- 
 QUA TEj eafily difTolved, or melted. 
 
 To CO'LLIQtJATE, V. A. [«%«», 
 Lat.] to rnelt, dilTolve, or tutp a folid into a 
 f^uid by hear, &c. 
 
 COLLIQU'ATJON, S, [from eoW^u^u'] 
 the melting of any thing by heat. In Medi.< 
 cine, a diforder wherein th.e blood and other 
 animal fiujds flow through the fecretory 
 glands. C-Jliquaiiott is .-ipplied to the blood, 
 when it lofes its balfapnic texture ; and to the 
 folids, when thfy v.-afte away. 
 
 CQL'LIQUATIVE, Adj. [from coUiquatel 
 melting or diffoivent. A colliquative fe-ver, is 
 that which is attended wi;h a diarrhcEa, or 
 profufe fweatj, from too lax a contexture of 
 the fluids. 
 
 COLLIQUEFA'CTION, S. [from colli., 
 queo, to melt, apd faflum, of faciOy Lat. to 
 makcj 'he reducing d:fl"erent metals to one 
 mafs, by melting tj^em on a fire. 
 
 COLLKSION, S. \c(<lbfio. Lit.] the aft 
 of ftiiking two bodies together. 
 
 COLLOCA'TION, S. {cdlocatio, Lat.] 
 the a£t of placing j difpofitipn j tjie ftate of 
 being placed. 
 
 To COLLO'GUE, V. A. to wheedle, 
 flatter, impofe upon, or feduce by fair word«» 
 A low word. 
 
 CO'LLOP, S. a thin flice of meat, or fteak j 
 a piire or flice of any animal. 
 
 CO LLOQU Y, S. \c}ikquiim, Lat.] acon-r 
 fercnc'-, or converfation ; adifcourfein writ- 
 ing, wherein two or more perfons are repre- 
 fented as fpeaking or talking together on a.'.y 
 topic. 
 
 CO'LLOW, S. [fuppofed by Johnf*n ra- 
 ther to be colly, fiom coal] the black grime of 
 burnt coals or wood. 
 
 COLLUCTA'T.iON, S. \calhElM\o, Lat.] 
 the mutual ftruggle or commotion of the par- 
 ticles of any fluid l-etwcen themfelves j oppo- 
 fition J ferm;;ntation. Figuratively, conteft | 
 fpiipj mutual opoofition. 
 
 To COLLU'DE, V. N. \cclhdo, Lat.] 
 to jo'n in a fraud 5 to confpire in impofing on 
 a pcrfnn. 
 
 COLLUSTON,»S. [collujio, Lat.] in Law, 
 a dfCiitiul contrsct or agreement betvrcen two 
 or more p.-rfons, for the o.ne to bring an aftion 
 againft the other, in order to defraud a third 
 perf ^n of his right. 
 
 COLLU'blvE, Adj. fraudulently concert- 
 ed or agreed upon between two perfons, in 
 Older to cheat a third. 
 
 CpLLU'SlVFLY, Adv. concerted or con- 
 trived in a fraudulent manner, or with a ftau*. 
 diileot def'pn. 
 
 COLLU'SOHY, Adj. carrying on a fraud 
 by fecret cncert. 
 
 COLLY'illu:.!, S. [La;.] in Medicine,
 
 COL 
 
 «n external remedy for diforders in the eyes, 
 
 CO'LONf, S. [from Xi-Xuv, Gr. atrember, 
 becaufe ic feems to bear the fame refembUnce 
 to a period as a member docs to a bodyj 
 in Grammar, a point or ftop marked thus 
 (:) ul'ed to make a paufe greater than th.)t of 
 the femicolon, and left than that of a period ; 
 and whenfti.ps were firft invented, to fepjratc 
 any member ol a fenteiue : but at piefent ii 
 IS ufed in a period where the fenfe feems com- 
 plete, but is lengthened! by fome fupernume- 
 rary fenteiice, beginning with an adverfative 
 conjunction, as i>ui, ne'vertheh'fs, &c. like- 
 wife, in a very long period, to give eale ann 
 refpite to the breath, and where the conjunift 
 irembers of a fentence are capable of being 
 divided inio olheis, and a paafe may be made 
 betweea them while a perfin may count three, 
 without confufion, or interrupting the (ciiit^. , 
 of the reft of the period. In Anatomy, the 
 greateft ar)d wideft of all the inteftines. 
 
 CO'LONEL, S. [Fr. pronounced -^u/w/; 
 (olonellg, Ital. derived by Skinner from co 
 Unialis, Lat, the leader of a colony ; aiid by 
 MinfliCW from columen exe>citus, Lat. the 
 pillar, or fupport of an arrnyj an ofH er in 
 the army who has the command in chief of 
 a regiment. Colonel lieutenant, is one who 
 commands a regiment of the guards, whereof 
 the king or other great peifonage, is colo- 
 nel, hi eutenant colonel, if the fecond officer of 
 a regiment, at the head of the captains, 
 who commands in the abfence of the colo- 
 nel. 
 
 CO'LONELSHIP, S. the ofEce of a co- 
 lonel. 
 
 ToCO'LONISE, V. A. [hom colony] to 
 plant with inhabitants , to fettle with people 
 biO'tght trom fome other place j to plant with 
 Culonies. 
 
 CO'LONNADE, S. [cohnna, Ital.] a pe- 
 liftyle of a circular form j or a ferie; of 
 pillars placed in a circle, and infulated within- 
 r)de, Figur.itively, any feries or range of 
 pillars. 
 
 CO'LONY, S. [c'Joma, Lat.] a body of 
 people fent from the mother country, to cul- 
 tivate and fettle foir.e other place. Figura- 
 tively, the country fettled by a body of people 
 born and cnmmg from fome other pl^ce. 
 
 CO'LOPHONY, S. [from C'o/o/i5«, a city, 
 whence it is impovrcdj a rtfinous fubftance 
 jiiepardd of turpentine bcilr-d in water, and 
 atttrwards dried ; or !rom a flow/ evaporation 
 pf a fourth or fifth part of its fubftance by 
 fire. 
 
 COLGC^'I'NTIDA, S. [cclocynthus, Lat. 
 i om KaXoxuvSic. of X!/iXia, Gr. the belly, 
 and xiviJi, lo m-'ivrj the fruit of a plant in 
 the Levant, ;ibout the bi^iiefs of a ld|ge 
 orange, of a Roicien colour; its iniide is full 
 of kerii<:ls which aie laken o\it bt-.fore it i? 
 luied. Both liie pulp and feed are intolerably 
 faltref, on whii h account it is calle.' biferapplf, 
 
 CO.'i-ORAT£, Ad', in:or(itus, Lat.j co 
 
 COL 
 
 loured ; dryed ; nrjarked or ftained with any 
 colour. 
 
 COLOR A'TION, S. [coloratum, o( cdoro, 
 Lar.] the art or praclice of colouring or 
 painting ; the ftate of a thing coloured. Fi- 
 guratively, colour or hue. 
 
 COLOR I'FIC, Adj. {colonfcus, Lat.] that 
 which has the power of producing colours, or 
 of colouring any body. 
 
 COLO'SSE, or COLO'SSUS, S. [Lat.] a 
 ftjtue of enormous fize ; that of Apollo at 
 Rhodes, made by Chares, was fo high that 
 fliips could pafs, with full fails, between 
 its legs ; its heiglit was 126 feet ; few people 
 could lathom its thumb ; is was overthrown 
 by an earthquake after flanding T360 ye.^rs, 
 and being found proilrate on the ground by 
 the Saracens, when they became mafters of 
 the ifland, was fold by them to a ]cw, who 
 loaded 900 camels with the brafs of it. 
 
 CO'LOUR, S. [colfur, Fr. color, Lat.] the 
 dilJcrenc fenf.itions extited by the retraced 
 rays of light, refleifled on our Tyes in a 
 different manner, according to the diffrjrent 
 fize, fnape, or Ctu.nion of the particles of 
 which bodies are cOTipofed. In a popular or 
 vulgar fenfe, the different hue in which bodies 
 appear to the eye. Figuratively, the rofy 
 hue of the cheeks ; the tints or hue? pro- 
 duced by covering any furface with paint. 
 Under colour, appearance, or pretence. In 
 the plural, an enfign or flag, applied to 
 the foot, that of the horfe being termed a 
 Jlundai d- 
 
 To CO'LOUR, V. A. [coloro, Lat.J to 
 mark, or dye with fome hus or tint. Figura* 
 tively, to palliate, or exxu.'e ; to aflign fame 
 plautible or fpecious reafon for an undertak- 
 ing ; to blufh. 
 
 COLOU'RAP>LE, Adj. fpecious, plaufible. 
 
 CO'LOURABLY, Adv. in a fpecious or 
 plaufible manner, wherein a falfe reafon is af- 
 fiirned, in order to palliate a bad intention or 
 aftion. 
 
 CO'LOURED, Part, ftreaked ; diverfified 
 with different hues. 
 
 CO'LOURING. S. that branch of pointing 
 which teaches the proper diftributiun of lij;h'» 
 and fliades, and hying the colours with pro- 
 priety ami be.iu:y. 
 
 CO'LOURIST, S, a painter excellent in the 
 tints he gives his pieces, and the manner ii» 
 which he difpofes his lights and (hades. 
 
 CO'LOURLESS, Adj. without any colour, 
 not any ways tinged ; white ; tranffiarenr. 
 
 COLT, S. [Sax.] a young horfl- that has 
 never been ridicn, or broke. Figuratively, a 
 raw, ignr.'ant perfon 5 a proper objedt for 
 /harping and waggery. 
 
 CO'l/l's-FOOT, S. Ikof^^huh, Teut] in 
 ijotanv, the cacalia 
 
 C(.l'LT's-TOO TH, S. an impcrfca and 
 tuperfluous tooth in the mouth of a young 
 horfe. Figurativfly, an inclination to youth- 
 ^J'u! plsafjtcs, wanton.':c.''s, orgaictv. 
 
 COLTER,
 
 COM 
 
 COM 
 
 COXTE'R, S. \culur, Six^ Icuttr. !Be!g.| ToCOMB, V.A. [l/r;;:*, North Brit. froM 
 
 ceemben, Sax. coma, Lv»t. K-.f*n, Gr.] to clean 
 Or fmooth tlie hair by palTing a comb through 
 it ; to make wool or flax fi: for I'pinning, by 
 pafTing it through a comb. 
 
 To COMBAT, V. N. [ccmhattre, Fr,] to 
 fight, generally applied to a duel or a fight» 
 where the perfons engage hand to hand. Ac- 
 tively, to fight. Figuratively, to engage* 
 " Lov;; combated bv pride." 
 
 CO'MBAT, S.' [Fr.] a conteft; a battle, 
 generiliy applied to an engagement between 
 two perfo.is; a duel. Figuratively, oppofition, 
 or flrugglj. 
 
 CO'MBAT ANT, S. [combattant, Fr.] he 
 that fighrs tt ith another j fometimes reftrained 
 to a duel. Figuratively, a champion or ftick- 
 ler for any opinion. 
 
 CO'MBER, S. [from comb and tvar, Sax. 
 a man] one who pafTeth wool through the 
 comb, and prepareth it for the fpinner. 
 
 COMBINA'TION, S. [trom combin:'] an 
 union of private perfons for fome peculiar pur- 
 pofe. Figuratively, union of qualities or 
 bodies ; mixture. Union or afTociation, ap- 
 plied to ideas. In Mathematics, the vari- 
 ation or ilift'crent crdcr in which any number 
 of things may be difpofed. We wonder at 
 the multiplicity of words that are made cut 
 of the letters of the alphabet, in all the dif- 
 ferent languages of Europe, but our aftonilh- 
 ment mwft increafe when we recolleft that the 
 four ard twenty letters of the alphabet may 
 be combined, 1,391,724,228,887,252,999, 
 42i;,i2i 493,JC2,ioi> different wajs. 
 
 To CO'MBINE, V. A. to join together. 
 Figuratively), to link, together in unity, affec- 
 tion, or concord. Neuterly, to join together 
 applied to things. Figuratively, to unite in 
 one bcdy. To unite in Friendftiip, applied to 
 perfons. 
 
 CO'MBLESS, Adj. wanting a comb, with* 
 out a comb, apolied to a cock. 
 
 COMBU'ST.Patt. burnt. In Afironomy» 
 applied to a planet, when eight one-half deg. 
 diflant from 'he fun. 
 
 COMBU'STIBLE.Adj [Sec COMBUST] 
 that which may be burnt, or that which eafily 
 catches fire. 
 
 COMLU'STIBLENESS, S. the quality of 
 catching fire eafily. 
 
 C0MBU'.STj10N, S. [from comiujlymjfa" 
 pine of (omburo, Lat. comhufiion, Fi.J the 
 burning of feveral things together; conflagra- 
 tion ; confumption by fire. Figuratively, 
 confuf.on, noife, huiry, commotion, pro- 
 duced by reftlefs minds, either in moral or 
 political affairs. 
 
 To COME, V. N. [preter I came, or have 
 cov:e, pitt'cle come, from corner ; Sax. cuimart, 
 preter raw, Golh. ken:, preter /tow, l(\, iomen, 
 Belg. kcmrr.en, Teut. hn:mer, Dan. ixo.aai, Gr. 
 ■n, according to Skinner, yoy.t^tu, which, in 
 rlerodo;us a. id Euripides, implies the fame] 
 to move tiom -a diftict to s nearer fituation, 
 
 either 
 
 cdrro, Ital. c"l^^''> Lat.] the /harp iron of a 
 plough, which breaks up the ground perpen- 
 dicul.-!iiy to theplough-fhare. 
 
 CO'LTISH, Adj. refemblingacoltj wan- 
 ton. 
 
 CO'LUMBARY, S. [columbarium^ Lat.j a 
 place where doves or pigeons are kept j a 
 dove-rot, or pigeoB-houfe. 
 
 CO'LUMBINE, Si [tolumb'iM, Lat.] in 
 Botany, the aquii-gia. 
 
 CO'LUMBINE, S. [cohmbim:, Lst.] in 
 Dying, a pale v'olct, or changeable dove-co- 
 lour. Likev.'ife the heroine, or chief female 
 charafter in pantomime entertainments. 
 
 CO'LUMN, S. [columna, Lat.] in Archi- 
 tcttute, a round pillar made to fupport or 
 adorn a building. In War, a deep file or row 
 of tro^-s or d!7i 'ion of an army, marching at the 
 fame time to-.virds the fame place, v/ith inter- 
 Tals L-etween them to prevent confufion. In 
 Printing, halt z page, when the lines termi- 
 nate in the middle of it, and begin agair, at -.he 
 left-hand margin. When the lines are fhorter, 
 » page is fometimes divided into three, four, 
 or moie of thefe column, either by interftices 
 or blacK lines running between them ; any 
 coiieftion of particles prtflfing perpendicularly 
 on each other, and gravitating jointly to the 
 center, or the bafc by which they we fup- 
 por'erf. 
 
 CO'LUMNAR, or COLUiMNARIAN, 
 Aa\. '«Hnied in ihe fliape of a column. 
 
 CC'LURES, S. [a word of two fyllables 
 from ioiuri, l^X..] jn Geography and Aftro 
 Bomy, two gieat circles imagined to interfecft 
 each otiier at right angles, in the poles of 
 the worUl, one of which palfes through the 
 eq.ini.£il«l points, Aries and Libra ; the 
 othtr .through the folftitial points. Cancer 
 and Capricorn } the latter determining the 
 folilicef, and the former the equinoxes, and, 
 as tliey divide the eclirtic into four equal 
 parts, mark out the four feafons of the year, 
 and the four points of the compais, the points, 
 where thy interleft the ecliptic, bung termed 
 the cardinal points. 
 
 CCVIA, S. [from x>;/^a, Gr.] in Phyfick, 
 » kind or lethargy or fleepy difeafe, wherein 
 a perlon h.is a violent propenfity to fleep. 
 
 COMATO'SE, Adj. lethargic; fleepy; 
 or aft'ccled with a coma. 
 
 COMB, S. [from comh, Sax. cam, Belg.] 
 an inftrumeni made of horn, tortoife-fliell, 01 
 box, lawc.l, thrtugh which tlie hair is palled 
 JB order tocieanfeor adjuft it; likewife an 
 inftrument made of iron or fteel wires fixec 
 irpright on a piece of wood, th.rough which 
 fl.x, wool, or hemp is palled, to prepare ii 
 Jar fpinning ; the top or creft of a cock, fo 
 called Ironi its rcfembling the teeth of a comb; 
 or from its being an orna.Tien^, and then 
 <!erived from xi'/.hi.-, Gr. to adorn; the re- 
 ccptaci s cr haib^v places ia a oec-hive 
 vikeiiir. ths honey is ft-ored, from n-Y^'-'i, Gr.'
 
 COM 
 
 nthii to a thing <Jr perfon ; to jpproacii, 
 erat^ near to, or advantc towards, T* come 
 abro&d, to be publickly known or publiftied. 
 " As foon as the conimandmenC came ahre^d, 
 a Cbron, Sxxi. 5. To "come to, to arrive at 
 or attain. To follow as a tonfequence ; to 
 happen. To come again, to come a fecond 
 time ; to return. To come at, to reach. To 
 tome by, to obtdin> gain, or acquire. To come 
 in for, to be early enough to obtain a Ihare of 
 any thing, alluding to the cudom In hunting, 
 where thofe dogs that are flow come in for no 
 ihare of the game. To come near, to ap- 
 proach ; torefemble. To come off, toefcape; 
 to quit or fall from, or leave. " His hat 
 came off.'''' To come on, to thrive, or grow; 
 to advance to combat. To come to, to agree or 
 confent ; to amount to, applied to arithmetic. 
 To come to hlmjelf Sec. to recover from a 
 fright, or a fit. To come up with; to over- 
 take. " He came up with them at Oxford." 
 To come upon, to invade, attack, or feise unex^* 
 peftedly. 
 
 COME, Interjeftion, implying an exhorta- 
 tion to atteniion, difpatch, and courage, when 
 ufed fingly J but when repeated, it implies a 
 grant, permiffion, fuppofition, or a tranfition 
 from the topic, which preceded, to avoid giv- 
 ing offence. 
 
 COME'DIAN, S. [comedien, Fr,] one who 
 a£ls on the ftage. In a reftrained fenfe, ap- 
 plied only to one who appears in a comedy 3 
 but in a more loofe fenfe, any aftor. 
 
 CO'MEDY, S. [comedie, Fr. comedia, Lat, 
 from Ku/Ar,, Gr. a village, and aiJn, becaufe 
 it was at firftonly a poem exhibited in villages j 
 a dramatic piece, reprefenting fome diverting 
 tranfaftion, being an exa£l pifture of common 
 life, expofing the faults of private perfons, in 
 order to render them ridiculous and univerfal'y 
 avoided. Obfcenity,and twogreatan affedalion 
 of repartee (hould be avoided by the writers in 
 this branch of poetry, at one is oppofite to 
 the very end of theatrical reprefentations, and 
 the other Is inconfiftent *ith the very ed'ence 
 of comedy, which is to be an exaft reprefen- 
 tation of nature. 
 
 CO'MELINESS, S. grace; handfomenefs, 
 united with an appearance of dignity, 
 
 CO'MELY, Adj. handfome, graceful, ap- 
 plied to that appearance which excites reve- 
 rence, rather than love. Applied to things, 
 that which is fuitable to a perl'on's age, or 
 condition, confiftent with virtue, or agreeable 
 to the rules of right reafon, 
 
 CO'MELY, Adv, in a graceful, becoming, 
 and pleafing a manner. 
 
 CO'MER, S, [from come and er, of ivar, 
 Sax. a manj that which foon grows, or rifcs 
 above ground, applied to plants. A vifiter; a 
 perfon who enters or fettles in a place. To 
 gife up one's ff/f to the frfi comers, is to em- 
 brace any doftrine implicitly^ and without ex- 
 amination. 
 
 CO'MET, S, [ccmeta, or terries, Lat, a 
 
 nS*ry ftar, from coma, Lat, a hair] in ARr'o.i 
 nomy, an opaq'je heavfenly body, like the 
 planets, moving in its proper orbit, which ia 
 very excentric, having one of its foci in th6 
 center of the fun. It is diftingui(hed not 
 only by its orbit, but likewife by its appear- 
 ance from the phnets, as being bearded, 
 Uiled, and haired ; bearded when eaftward of 
 the fun, and its light marches before J 
 tailed when weftward of the fun, and 
 the train follows it j and haired when dia- 
 metrically oppofite to the fan, having the 
 earth between if, and all its tail hid, except- 
 ing a few fcattered rays. The orbits of 
 comets approaching near to a right line, iit 
 fome parts thereof they go fo near the fun, 
 that according to Sir Kaac Newton's compu- 
 tation, their heat is 2000 times as great as 
 that of red hot iron. To this let it be added, 
 from the fame great author, that thele bodies 
 are fo far from being fuch tremendous objedls 
 as they are etteemed to be by the vulgar, and 
 (alfely pretended to be by aiheifts, that their 
 atmofpheres being dilated, rarified and diffufed 
 through the celeftia) regions, may be attraifted 
 down to the planets, become mingled with 
 their atmofpheres, and by that means fupply 
 the deficiences which would othervvife, by 
 continual exhaufting, affed this and other 
 planets; fo that ttieir revolutions, inftead of 
 being looked on as the harbingers of terror 
 and calamity, iliould rather be eftfemed a 
 friendly and benevolent vifit, wherein tiiey be- 
 llow fuch prefents to every planet thev oafs byj 
 as is requifite to prevent its dec ly, ,ind fupply 
 its inh.ibitan's with fuch things as are necelfary 
 to their exigence. 
 
 COMETA'RIUM, S, [Lat.] a mathema- 
 tical machine, reptefenting the method of a 
 comet's revolution. 
 
 CO'METARY, or COMETIC, Acij, that 
 which belongs or relates to a comet, 
 
 CO'MFIT, S. [corf!, Fr. hnft, Belg. from 
 confeSf, of csnfeiJio, Lat. J a dry Iweet-meat; 
 any vegetable prefcrved by boiling it in fugar, 
 and dryioj! it afterwards, 
 
 COMFPTLIRE, S.[tromMw^/,or confeaio] 
 afweetnieat. 
 
 To COM'FORT, V, A. [conforter, Fr. 
 conforrare, lu\.] to ftrengthen, excite, invigo- 
 rate, enliven, or make a perfon undertake a 
 thing boldly by perfuafions ; to make a perfo.i 
 grow chearful that is in forrow, by advice and 
 arguments. 
 
 CO'MFORT, S. [from the verb] fuppott, 
 affirtance, or countenance ; confolation, or fup- 
 port under calaniitv and danger. 
 
 CO'MFORTABLE, Adj. receiving relief 
 or fupport in diftrefs; aC'ording confolation, 
 having tlie power of leHening diftrefs. 
 
 CO'MFORTARLY, Adv. in a chearfnl 
 manner; in a mduner free from dejection or 
 delpair, 
 
 CO'MFORTER, S. one that diminlOies or 
 kdl'iis the degies of » perfon's forrow under 
 
 mis-
 
 CC M 
 
 COM 
 
 Tnisfortnnes ;ene whoitrenglhsnsind fupportsjlitary fen/e, the power of overlo«kjng, ini 
 
 the minJ in mifeiy or danger. In Scripture, mking or annoying any place, 
 
 applied as a title to the Holy Ghj/l-, wherein COMMA'NDER, S.hethat has the direc- 
 
 applled as a title to the Holy 
 
 It figiiifies not only a cor.Jlrter, but likevtift 
 
 an ini)r(i£tor, or advifer. 
 
 CO'MFORTLESS, Adj. without comfort, 
 without any thing to lighten the burden, or 
 allay tlie feni'ation of micfonunis, applied 
 both to perfons and things. 
 
 CO'MIC, or COMICAL, Adj. [comkus. 
 l^it, cumUjue, Fr.] reliting to, or fit lur co 
 medy ; riiiiculous, or canfing mirih, either 
 from an unufaal atremblage of ideas feemin^ 
 infonfiltent, or antic ge'.lures j aiid polite 
 i_illcry. 
 
 CO'MICALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to laife mirth, either by an ailociaiion oi 
 a.Tembl-ge of idcAs fefmingly ir.confi'dent ; 
 by polite or good-natured railleiy, or by lume 
 odd and antic geflurc ; after the manner ot a 
 comedy. 
 
 CO'MICALNESS, S. that quality by 
 which a thing appears odd or ridiculous, and 
 Ijifes mirth in the mini. 
 
 CO'MING, S. the aa of moving towards 
 a perfon or place ; approach j prefence, or 
 arrval ; the pretence of a thing, which wa? 
 abfsht !ome time before. Coming in, the pro- 
 diidt of a pstlo.i's eftate, penfion, falary, or 
 bufiiicfj. 
 
 CO'MING, Part, [from cimie] applied to 
 the inclination, projienfity, or afi^edtiou j tond j 
 forward; eafily complying. Applied to time, 
 lomeiliing nor jrcfcnt ; lomeihing future. 
 
 COMi'TlAL, Adj. [from comitit], Lat.] 
 relating or belonging to an aflcmbly, applied 
 peculiarly to that of the Romans, 
 
 CO'MMA, S. |'xc,v,u2, Gr. the leaft part 
 cr fii-gment of a dilcourfe, from xiTfia;, fo 
 cut otVl in Grammar, a paiife,or ftop, marked 
 tiiui [y) uled todiAipgvifli fuch members of a 
 di!cour(c from each other wherein there is a- 
 verb, aiiil nominjtive cafe, feveral nouns ad- 
 jeflive, or fubftar.tivef, in the fame fentence, 
 net joined by a conjunflion, and where the 
 fenfe is not ccmp'ete. In Mufic, the fmalleit 
 <3f all the fcnlitiJe intervals of tune, fcldoni 
 ufed but in theory, to (hew the j'lflnels of the 
 foncord?, and is about the ninth part of a 
 tone, cr interval, whereby a perf\:dt femitone, 
 t)r tone, furpalVcs an imperfcdl one. In Xa- 
 tuial Il.ftory, a v^ry beautiful moih, fo called 
 J'lom its having a white mark on one of its 
 wings, in I he firm of tl;is point. 
 
 To COMM A'ND, V. A. f ,r w;»<j»A/-, Fr. 
 Cf.H'i::u):iljie, lial.j to order, tn. lulling the irea 
 of authoiily ; to keep, in fuijccfipn 5 to ob'ige 
 a perfiin to perform anything. Figiir.-.tivcly, 
 to arrog;tte or claim by mere force ; to over- 
 look ; to be fitudied above any place, fo as to 
 be able to lot \i inro, or annoy it. 
 
 COMM.'\/ND, S. [from the verb] autho- 
 rity or power. Figuratively, the cxercile of 
 juiiioritV; ot cnii;fcing obeciente. la a Mi- 
 
 tion of. Or au.h'rity over others. In a Mi- 
 litary fenfe, a leader, chief, or officer, A 
 paving beetle, or rammer. In Surgery, an 
 inftrument, called likewise a gloffocomium, 
 uled in moft tough, ftrong bodies, where a 
 luxation has been of lontt continuance. 
 
 COMMA'NUERY, ~S. the exercife of a 
 command, or the office of a commander. In 
 Hiilory, a):pliEd to a benefi-reor fixed revenue 
 belonging to a military order, snd conferred 
 on antient knights, who had done fome co.n- 
 fioerahle fei vice to the order. 
 
 CQMiMA'NDMENT, S. {commandmert, 
 Fr,] an exi refs ordi-rtodoor abftain from any 
 thing, Wiien it orders any thing to be done, 
 it is named a poftti-ve command ; but when it 
 forbids the doing a thing, it is th;.n termed 4 
 nfgjii-ve commnnd. The precepts of the deca- 
 logue, fo called by way of eminence, and 
 containing in a concife manner, the whole of 
 our duty to God and man. 
 
 COMMATERIA'LITY, S. of the Um^ 
 'matter cr fubftance with another ; refemblance 
 to fomething in its matter or fuuftance. 
 
 COMME'MORABLE, Adj. [coir.mejront, 
 Lat.] delerving to be mentioneo with honour 
 and reverence ; worthy to be celebrated and 
 kept in remembrance. 
 
 COMMEiMORA'TlON, S, the doing 
 fomething in order to preferve the remem- 
 brance of any perfon or thing. 
 
 COMMEMO'RATIVE, Adj. tending to 
 preferve the remembrance of any perfon er 
 thing. 
 
 To COMMENCE, V.N, [commenar, Fr.] 
 to begin ; to take its beginning ; to aflui^e a 
 new charafter which it never did before, ap- 
 plied to perfons and things. 
 
 To COMME'ND, V, A. [commtnJo, Lat.] 
 to reprefent a perfon as poiTefl'ed of thofe vir- 
 tues that demand notice, approbation, and 
 eiieem ; to praife ^ to deliver or entruft with 
 conhdence, and full aflTuranre of proteftion. 
 " To thtel '■'0 co>fin:end wy watchful foul." 
 Sbak. To deiire to be mentioned in a kind 
 and refpcftful mannerr 
 
 COMME'NDABLE, Adj. worthy of praife, 
 COMMEND ABLY, Adv. in a manner 
 worthy of commenriation. 
 
 COMME'NDAM, S. f co.rww.^, low Lat.] 
 in Canons, a vacant benefice which is givett 
 'o a n-rfon to fupply till fome other perfon is 
 pre'cn'.ed or named to it. ^ 
 
 COA^.ME'N'DATORY, S. one who holds 
 a livtne in corrvm'^ndam, 
 
 COMMEND.A'TION, S a favot)raHle re- 
 orefentation ot a perion's gfiod qualities ; 
 prai e 5 recommnidation ; a melTage ot kind- 
 ntf^. 
 
 COMME'NDATORY, Adj. that w^hich 
 commends 01 engages notice, ericrm, and 
 
 approba-
 
 COM 
 
 approbation, from a favourable difplay of good 
 qualities ; containing praife. 
 
 COiMME/NDER, S. one who oraifes, or 
 difplays the virtues of another, in order to 
 render him efteemed and beloved. 
 
 COMMENSA'LITy,S.[«OTOTw/rt/;s,Lat.] 
 the adl of eating, or fitting to cat, at the fame 
 table with another. 
 
 COMMENSURABI'LlTy,S. [from cow 
 menjurab!e\ the capacity of being meafured by 
 fome common meafure or ftandard. 
 
 COMME-'NSURABLE, Adj. [from cofi 
 and merfura, Lat.] in Geometry, having 
 fome common aliquot part ; or which may be 
 meafured by fome comn:)oii me.ifnre, fo as to 
 leave no remainder. Thus a foot and a yard 
 are commenfurable, becaufe an inch taken 12 
 times is a foot, and 36 tim-is a yaid. 
 
 To COMME'NSURATE, V. A. [from 
 eon and rr.cnfura, Lat.] to reduce to one com- 
 mon meafure ; to ex'end as far as. 
 
 GOMME'NSURATE, Paft. [from the 
 verb] reducible to one common meafure j 
 equal ; proportionate ; as extenfive. 
 
 COMME'NSURATELY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to be meafured by fome common 
 meafure or ftandard, without leaving a re- 
 mainder ; with a capacity of meafuring or 
 being meafured by another equally extenfive. 
 COMMENSURA'TION, S.the ledudion 
 of, or meafuring a thing by fome common 
 meafure ; proportion. 
 
 To CO'M'mENT, V. N. {cimmcntor, 
 Lat.] to write notes ; to explain, interpret, 
 or expound. 
 
 CO'MMENT, S. [from the verb] notes 
 or annotations, in ordf r to explain an author j 
 €xpofiiion ; explanation; remark. 
 
 QOiMMY.^TAKY,S.[eommentanus,l.iX.'] 
 a continued and critical explanation of the 
 fenfe of a.'i authf>r. 
 
 COMMENTA'TOR, S. [from ammnt] 
 one who writes remarks, notes, or explana- 
 tions of an author. 
 
 COMME'NTER. See COMMENTA- 
 TOR. 
 
 COMMENTI'TIOUS, Adj. [commmnius, 
 Lat.] invented ; forged ; fi£V,itiou8 j without 
 any exiftence, but in the brain. 
 
 COMMERCE, S. \ccrKmeic:um, Lat.] the 
 exchange of commodities, or the buying and 
 felling merch:<ndize Soth at home and alr.jad, 
 in order to gain profit, and increife the con- 
 veniencics of life. Commerce is ufed figurative- 
 ly, for intercourfr of any kind. 
 
 COMME-'RCLA.L, Adj. belonging or rcl't- 
 ing to trade or'commerce. 
 
 To CQ/MMIGRATE, V. A. to move in 
 a body, or with one common confent, from 
 one country to anotht;r. 
 
 CO'MMJGRATION, S. [from ccmmi- 
 ^ran} the removal of a lar^e number of pet- 
 Ions or animals from one country to another. 
 CO'MMINATION, S. [<Of?i,^};iarh, Ux.] 
 a '.hreat j a declaration or dej.ui.cis'.icn ot 
 
 COM 
 
 pun;<hm;nt or vengeance for any crime ; sa 
 office of the church, containing the threaten - 
 ings denounced igainft any breach of the di- 
 vine laws, and tecited on A(h-Wedi;elday. 
 
 COMMiNA'TORY.Adj.appliedtoLaw?, 
 a claufe in any law or ediS, importing a pu- 
 niflimcnt for the breach or violation of it. 
 
 COfvlMKNUBLE, Adj. [from commwuo, 
 Lat.j that which may be uroken, powdcied, 
 or reduced into fmsll parts. 
 
 COMMI'NUTION,S. the afil of reducing 
 into fmall par icleb, e.ther by grinding, pow- 
 dering, breaking, or chewing. 
 
 COMMl'SERABLE, Adj. [from cor?:i!:ij1. 
 ror, L.it.j thai which deferves, or is an ob- 
 jeft of pity and relief; fhewing pity and com- 
 pafhon to '-(eriV.ns in diftrefs. 
 
 To COJvIMl-'SER ATE, V. A. {corr.wijrra' 
 (as, put, o( oi/imiferor, Lat.j to pity j tocom- 
 paffionate. 
 
 COMML^KRA'TION, S, [commiferatu,, 
 Lat.] d tender, fynipathizing, and afFc^junata 
 regard for thnfe in diftrefs. 
 
 CO'MMJSSARY, S. an ofHrer commif- 
 noned occafionjily tor a certa'ji purpofe ; a 
 delegate or Jeputy, In Church Government, 
 one who exercifes ecclefiaftital jurifdidlion in 
 fuch places as are at a confiderable diilance 
 from the b'fhop's fee. In the army, a ccnii>.i,'~ 
 jaiy genera, oi the mufters, is one who takes 
 a view of the numbers or ftrength of ev.;ry re- 
 giment, fees that the hSri'e be well nnounted, 
 and that the rren be well cloihed, and accou- 
 tred. Commijjory general of provilions, fur- 
 nlfhes the army with every thing nccefi'ary 
 for its food. 
 
 CO'MMISSION, S, [commijj'um, fupine of 
 committo, Lit.] the a£t ot entruliing atiy per- 
 fon, or the einp! yng him to trjniiiCi a thing 
 for one's felf ; the fum allowed or Hcm.'nd--* 
 for felling or buying, &c. for another; a war- 
 rMOf foriheexcrcifeof any ofHce. In Divinitv, 
 (he ailual performing of fome a6lion fo: bidden 
 by the Scriptures, diftinguifhed from fins of 
 omiHion, which are barely the not performing 
 fcmeihing ei'ioined ; charge, office, or cm- 
 ploymenr. A Commij/ion of haiikrupt.y, is 
 ma<^e out u^Htr the great feal, and dircdtid '.o 
 fever;tl perfo' s to enquire into thefeveril cir- 
 rumflantes of a perfoix that is broke, and ta 
 ail ace toinj 1*0 the particular laws made in 
 iliat c.ifc. 
 
 To COMMl'SSION, V. A. to antSorlz.-, 
 eipp'wer, appoint, or give a peifon authoii /' 
 to difch.irt.'e an ofBce. 
 
 COMMi'S-SIONER, S. one whofe narr^e 
 is iiiferted in any warrant for the difcharge of 
 .) public office; one empov/crcd to aft in a par- 
 ticular quality by patent, or warrant. 
 
 CO'iViMl.S.SURE, S. [comm:JJ'u<a, Lat.] % 
 join: i or a pl^ce wi>ere two bodies, or iHe 
 pjfts of an ani'mal body, are joined toge» 
 thcr. 
 
 To COMMIT, V, A. [committs, Lat.] 
 to ir.iTuif, or t?u!l a perfon j to fend a p «ifon 
 
 19
 
 COM 
 
 to prifon ; to perferm, iQ, or perpetrate fome 
 crime or fault. 
 
 COMMI'TABLE, Adj. [from commit] 
 liable to be committed j an objeft worthy of 
 imprifonment. 
 
 COMMITMENT, S. the ad of fending 
 a perfon to prifon j iheftateof a perfon in 
 piifon. 
 
 CO'MMITTEE, S. a numbir of perfons to 
 whom the con(ideration or exaialnaiion of an 
 sffair is referred. 
 
 TO COMMI'X, V. A. [ccnmixtus, Lat.] 
 to miic, blend or join feveral thjigs together, 
 cr into one mafs. 
 
 COMMO'DE, S. the head-erefs of a wo- 
 man. 
 
 COMMO'DIOUS, Adj. [cofSKudus, Lat. 
 (om/KoJe, Fr.] the fuitiblenefs of a thing to 
 any particular piirpofe ; free from any hin- 
 drance or obftruflion ; convenient; feafonable, 
 or fuitable j fpacious, well contrived, applied 
 to baildings. 
 
 COMMCDIOUSLY, Adv. in » convenient 
 manner, applied to fnuation. Enjoying the 
 receffaries avA rorrforts of life, applied tocon- 
 dinon. "To pal's fcwr.ii/iot/Jy this life." Fit- 
 ted or fuited to any particular end cr view, 
 
 COMMGDIOUSNESS, S. th: fitnefs or 
 fu'tablenefs of a thing to any end ; advantage, 
 
 COMMO'DITY, S. [ccnnwditl, Fr. com- 
 moditas, Lat.] conveniency, profit, iitereft, or 
 advantage. In Commerce, wares, goods, mer- 
 chind'.ze, or that which is the abjeft of 
 trade. 
 
 COMMODO'RE, S. in the Navy, an un- 
 ^er-admival, or perfon commiflioned to com- 
 jpand a fquadron of /hips. When three or 
 raore fail of /hips are in company, the eldeft 
 captain afTumes this port, and has I his title. 
 
 COMMON, Adj. {commun,Yx. cammunh, 
 Lat. J that which is enjoyed by different fpecies 
 of animals; belonging equally to more than 
 one ; the property of no pcifon; without a 
 proprietor or pcffiflbr ; volgar ; mean ; trif- 
 ling ; frequently feen ; ufual ; eaf:!y to be had ; 
 of little value ; general j public ; intended for 
 the ufes of every body. A common iv.mjn, not 
 confined to one perfon, but proftitutcd to any 
 Dtie. In Grar.iniar, applied to fuch verbs as 
 fignify both aftion or pafTion. Applied to 
 nouns, fuch as fignify both fexes under one 
 term, as /•ar£»r fignifics both father and mo- 
 ther. 
 
 COMMON, S. an open field, free for any 
 inhabitant ot the lord/hip wherein the co.mmon 
 lies to graze his C'ltle in. 
 
 To CO'MMON, V. N. to enjoy a light 
 of uafiurc in an open field in conjunftion with 
 others. 
 
 COMMONABLE, Adj. that which may 
 bectioie open or free, applied to ground. 
 
 CO'MMONAGE, S. [from co,>:>!^on] in 
 Law, the rieht of piflu'e in a comrnnr ; of 
 fifhingiii ano'her pei!o,i's water; or ofdiegin;; 
 turf i»i tiiC grcund of another j the joint ris;ht 
 
 COM 
 
 of ufing any thing equally and together with 
 others. 
 
 COMMO'NALTY, S. [communautt, Fr.] 
 the people of the lower rank ; the common 
 people. Figuratively, the major part, or built; 
 of mankind. '• The commonaliy bearing re- 
 cord of the God of gods." Hookir. 
 
 COMMO'NER, S. one of the common 
 people J one of low rank ; a perfon who bear* 
 no titles j one v/ho hai a feat in the houfe of 
 commons. In Law, one who has a joint right 
 to paflure, iS°i. in an open field. In the 
 Univerfity, one who wears a fquare cap with 
 a ta/Tel when under-gradiiate, is of a rank be- 
 tween a battler and gentleman commoner, and 
 eats at the common table. Applied to a wor 
 man, a lewd perfon, or proftitute. *' A public 
 commoner.''' Shakeff. 
 
 CO'MMQNLY, Adv. generally j frequent- 
 ly ; ufually. 
 
 CO'MMQNNESS, S. frequency, or repe- 
 tition ; participation among, or application to 
 feveral. 
 
 To COMMO'N-PLACE, V. A. to reduce 
 to, and tranfcribe under general heads. 
 
 COMMON-PLACE-BOOK, S. a book 
 wherein things or extrafts are recorded alpha- 
 betically, or reduced to general heeds, in order 
 to a/Tift a perfpn's memory, or enable him ten 
 fupply himfelf witii any curious obfervation on 
 any topic he wants. 
 
 CO'MMON-PLEAS, S. the king's court, 
 now held at Weftminfter, hut formerly move- 
 able : it was erefted at the time that Hanry 
 III, granted the great charter. In perfonal 
 and mixed aflions, it has a concurrent jurif- 
 diftion with the King's Bench j but has no 
 cognisance of the pleas of the crown ; the ac- 
 tions come hither by originals : the chief judge 
 is called. Lord Chief Juftice of the Common- 
 Plecu, who is aflifted by three other judges, 
 all of them treated by letters patent from the 
 king. 
 
 COMMO'NS, S. the vulgar ; the lower 
 fort of people; the lower houfe of" parliament, 
 confifting of members chofen by the people. 
 A portion of food or yiftuals uiuaily eaten at 
 one meal, fo called at the univerfities. 
 
 COMMO'NWEAL,orCoMwoN^vEAiTH, 
 S. in its primary fenfe, ufed in Law, the com- 
 mon good ; a regular form of government or 
 polity, e/tablifhed by common conl'ent ; a form 
 of government, in which the fupreme power 
 is lodged in the people ; a republic ; a demo- 
 cracy. 
 
 COMMOTION, S. {ccmmofio, Lat.] tu- 
 mult, difturbance, /edition, difnrder or coji- 
 fufion, aj-ifing from the turhulent difpofitioaa 
 of its memSers, applied t!> a {ta:e. Figura? 
 lively, inward confufion or violence ; diforder 
 of mind ; perturbation ; a violent motion or 
 apltaiiu;}. " The ccmjoi'wrf of the water." 
 fVood<iv. 
 
 To COMMU■'^fE, V. A. [commupicc, 
 Lat.] to F»nverfc 5 to taljc tc^ethtr j iff 
 
 impart
 
 COM 
 
 ftapart fentiments mutually to each other. 
 
 COMMUNICABVLITY, S. [from com- 
 vmrtkable] an open or generous difpofitioii, 
 whereby a perfon is willing to iir.part his 
 fentiments to another ; the pofiibility or power 
 ef being imparteU or communicated to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 COMMUNICABLE,Adj.[Fr.]rhat which 
 may become the property of, or be related or 
 imparted to, another; ufcd with /o. 
 
 To COMMU'NICATE, V. A. [commu- 
 nko, Lat,] to impart to another ; to make 
 another a joint partaker with ourfelves j to 
 confer or bellow a pf-fleflion ; to djfcover one's 
 fentiments or knowledge to another. Neu- 
 terly, in Theology, to receive the facrament 
 of the Lord's-Supper; to be^onneflcd or join- 
 ed ; to have fomething common with another. 
 " The hou''es co.-;mumcate." " The canaJs 
 (ommunicafe with one another." 
 
 COMMUNICA'TION, S. [Fr.] applied 
 to fcience, the ail ot imparting, difcovering, 
 or revealing, A common inler, or palTage, 
 leading from one place to another ; the mutual 
 intelligence kept up between perfons cr places; 
 a converfation, conference, or imparting a per- 
 fon's fentiments in mutual difcourfe. 
 
 COIVIMU'NICATIVENESS, S. readinefs 
 ©f imparting benefits or knowledge to others, 
 
 COMMU'NION, S. [commufiio, Lat.] 
 intercourfe ; fellnwfhip ; common poflelljon ; 
 a partaking of the fame thing. In Divinity, 
 the common or public celebration of the Loro's 
 Supper. 
 
 COMMU'NITY, S. [comimtniias, Lat.] a 
 government ; a body of people united together 
 in the fame form of government ; common 
 participation, pofTeflion, or enjoyment, pppofed 
 to appropriation. 
 
 COMMUTAB'ILITY, S. [See COM- 
 MUTABLE] the quality of being the proper 
 objedl of interchange, or of being capable of 
 exchange. 
 
 COMMU'TABLE, A.-lj. [from commute] 
 an alteration or change ol difpofiticn or fenti- 
 ments, applied to the mind. A change of 
 form or quality, applied to bodies j the giving 
 one thing in exchange for another ; the adl of 
 fubftituting a pecuniary for a corporal puiiiih- 
 ment ; ranfom, or redt-.mption. 
 
 COMMU'TATIVE, Adj. [commutatus, 
 Lat. 3 relating to exchange. Commutative ju- 
 JiUe, is that which is tx-rcifed in tiide, and 
 is oppofed to fraud or extortion in buying or 
 felling. 
 
 ToCO'MMUTE, V. A. [commuto, Lat.] 
 to exchange ; to put one thing in the place oi 
 another; to buy oft", or ranfom. 
 
 CO'MPACr, S. [f:om con and paSlum, 
 Lat.] a bargain or agreement entered into be- 
 tween two or more paities ; a concradi. 
 
 To COMPA'CT, V. A.. \compa.l:.m, fn- 
 
 pine of compingv, Lat] to unite or juin lo- 
 
 getlier clofely ; to confolid^te, or r(r:j(<er fo- 
 
 l.iii by prjlfing tSc p^itjck"? of a body doft 
 
 5 
 
 COM 
 
 together; to league cr enter into a bargain. 
 
 CO'iMPACT, Adj. [from the verb] ciofe, 
 denfe, and heavy ; having few pores, and thofe 
 very fmall. A;.plied to Stile, concife, or con- 
 taining much matter in few words, 
 
 COMPA'CTNESS, S. firmnefs; hardnefs; 
 denfity. 
 
 COMPA'CTLY, Adv. in a clofe, neat 
 manner. 
 
 COxMPA'CTURE, S. the manner in which 
 any thing is joined; a joint or joining. 
 
 COMPa'GES, S. [Lat.] a compofiricn 
 or fyftem wherein feveral things are joined or 
 united. 
 
 COMPAGINA'TION, S. union, or join- 
 ing of feveral pirts together. 
 
 COMPA'NION, S. [compagnoi, Fr. com- 
 pagno, Ital.] one with whom a perfon fre- 
 quently converfes, or with whom he is gene- 
 rally feen. 
 
 COMPA/NIONABLE, Adj. fit for the 
 company of others ; agreeable ; fociable. 
 
 COMPA'NIONSHIP, S. a body of men 
 forming one company j lellowlhip or afibcia- 
 tion. 
 
 COMPANY, S. [compavme, Fr. compaa. 
 ma, Ital. See ACCOMPANY] feveral pet^- 
 fons aflembled in the fame room, either for 
 converfation, or mutual entertainment ; feve- 
 ral perfons united together to carry o;i one ge- 
 neral and common defign ; a num ber of perfons 
 united or incorporated by fome charter ; a body 
 corporate ; a corporation, In War, a fmall bo- 
 dy of inl-'aiury under one captain. In the Ma- 
 rine, a number of mcrchaius iliips going the 
 fame voyage, and mutually boimd, by charter- 
 party, to ftand by and defend each other. Ti 
 bear or ks'.p company, is to go with a perfon, or 
 to vifit him ofttn. 
 
 To CO'MFANY, V. A. [from the no^n] 
 to be often in a pcifon's prefence ; to e,<j or 
 walk with a perfon ; to attend ; to alTociate 
 with. 
 
 CO'MPARABLE, Adj. worthy to be com- 
 pared ; eqcul to, or iefe;nb!ing. 
 
 C0'Ml->AR.4BLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as IS worthy of comparifou ; in a compaiative 
 manner, 
 
 CO.VIPARA'TES, Icomp.Jrata, Lat.] In ' 
 Logic, the terms or fubjecls of a comparifon ; 
 tht; twj things between which a comp^rifon is 
 formed. 
 
 COMPA'RATIVE, Adj. [ccv,parjtif, or 
 comparath's, I'r.iomparJti-vui, Lat. J ih.ttv/hic!i 
 refults mcrelyfrom a compirifon with anoth.-r; 
 ch.it which has the power of h>r-ning a com- 
 parifon, or comparing two thinjs or idej.i to- 
 gether, in order to find our th ir refer^hhnc* 
 or difrerence. In Grammar, the comparative 
 it'^tf, wherein two or more ideas ar.: co:>ip.-sr-, 
 td to^iether, and ilie diftirMice either in ex- 
 celf or dirr.inj'ion is ex;>rffieJ. 
 
 COMP.VR/VTIVl-LY, .\U: in a co.m- 
 oararive raacrner; acco.ding to t.ie difta'ice ur 
 J'.kijncls fcunJ frun^, tort)pa.'i'i^. 
 
 To
 
 COM 
 
 ToCOMPA'RE, V. A. [eenpare, Lat.] 
 to bung two or more things together, in order, 
 by an in/'pefVion of ihem, to find in what they 
 agree or differ ; to apply one thing as the mea- 
 sure of another ; to liken. When ihe compa- 
 Tifon intends only an illufttation ot a thing by 
 its likenefs, then to and un:c is ufed before the 
 thing brought by way of illullration. " Sol(.:i 
 icn:fia>ed the people unto the fea." Bac. Hul 
 when pel fens rr things are compared together, 
 to difcover in what they ?giee, r^r difagree, or 
 their relative proportions, then ii'ith is ufed. 
 " If hccompares his tranflation luiib the origi- 
 nal." ■Spt'fl. No. 229. 
 
 COMPA'RE, S [f.om the verb] the ftate 
 of being compared 5 llUcneis ; eflimate or 
 judgment fornied on conip;*riro:i ; the pcflibili- 
 ly of being compared, " Beyond compare," 
 Mi fun. 
 
 COMTA'RiSON, S. [ccmparalfon, Fr.] 
 judging of the cities ence of two things, by ex- 
 amining, or compa;jng tl'.em together. Tht 
 ilaie ol a thing corrpared. In Grammar, the 
 l"orn)ati(>n of an adjeftive through tiie vari- 
 ous degrees in which the figniiication of the 
 pofitive is he ghtened or diminiflied, ai fofr, 
 jvf,er,fofieft. 
 
 ToCO'MPART, V. A. \_co7r.partir,Vr.] 
 to divide, or lay down a general detogn or plan, 
 in all its different part', divifions, or fub-di 
 *i<ions. 
 
 COMPA'RTIMENT, S. [Fr.] a defigr, 
 compofed of diflerent f gure?, difpolcd with 
 fymmetry, cither as ornaments of a parterre, 
 tiding, or pi£lure j a divifion of 2 pidlure, or 
 dcfigii. 
 
 COMl'ARTI'TIOK, S. [from ccmpart] 
 the adl of co.T.pattin;: or laying iov.'.i the fc- 
 veral par's or divifions of eny plan or dcfig.". 
 Figuratively, the part of any plan. In Archi- 
 tetlurc, the ufetul and graceful diftiiuu. ion of 
 the whole ground plot of an edifice into roomt 
 of office, of reception, and entcrtainrnent. 
 
 CO.MP.A'RTMtNT, S. |S e COiVI 
 PARTiiV.ENTj a div.fion or frpar^te p3rt of 
 a defign. 
 
 ToCO'MPASS, V. A. fwr;.'r,'7,V, Fr. 
 (ompajjeie, Ital.J to furroui-.d; to indole ; to 
 ftana round <n a ringj to befiege or block up ; 
 to grafp or inclofc in the arms j to obtain, at- 
 tain, ftcure, or have. 
 
 CO^■i''^AS^, S. orhlt; rcv.-.Kition ; extent 
 or limit 5 inclofure. In Mjfic, the power ol 
 the viiicc, or of an ir.flrument, to lound any 
 particular note. An initrument c infilling of 
 a box, including a mopneticjl needle, which 
 points towards the N..rth, and is ui'ci by ma- 
 tineeis to f\eer their Hups. Ccn:j.':'Jhs a n-.a he- 
 jnaticdi inflrurT>ei.t, ccnfi'^ing o! two branch- 
 e*, fa(^er.ef) lojeiher at the top by a pivot, 
 about which they move as on a centre, ano 
 aie ufed i.i taking diltances, drawii^ circles, 
 and in workinp; problems in the matiiematics. 
 CCMPAiSslON'. S. [Ff. frsm .-« and 
 
 C M 
 
 fafjum, Pait. of fatUr, Lat. to fufFer] a dif* 
 pufuion of mind which inclines us to teel the 
 miferies of others wth the fame pain and for- 
 row as if they were our own, 
 
 COMPA'SSIONATE, Adj. eafily affefted 
 with forrowor pain, on viewing the calamiiiet 
 and diitrefles of others. 
 
 To COMPA'SSIONATE, V. A. [from 
 the adjetlive] to pity, and be moved with for- 
 row at the futf.rings ot others. 
 
 COMPA'SblONATELY, Adv. in a pity- 
 ing, tender, and fymoath^zing manner. 
 
 COMPATIB'ILITY, S. [from ccmpaiiifc] 
 confiltency ; the power or pofiibiiity of coexift- 
 ng in the fame fubjeift, or at the fame time ; 
 agreement. 
 
 CO.V!P.-\'TIBLE, Adj. confiftent with ; 
 fit for ; l-.iirable to ; becoming or agreeable to. 
 COMPA'TIBLENESS, S, the quahty of 
 agreeing with. 
 
 COMPA'TIBLY, Adv. fitly; fuitably, Co 
 as to be applicable to the fame fubjed>, and co« 
 exift in it at the fame time. 
 
 COMPATRIOT, S. [awfatriote, Fr] 
 one of the fame countrv. 
 
 COMPE'ER, S. [comtere, Fr.] an equal 
 in rank ; an aiTociate, or companion. 
 
 To COMPE'ER, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to be e>:;ual with in any quality ; to match. 
 
 To COMPE'L, V. A. [corrpcHo, Lat. J to 
 make a perfon do ( r refrain from fome a£l by 
 lorce ; to extort by force, ufed whhjrom, be- 
 fore the perfon fuffering tiie viol.nce. " Com- 
 pel from each the f-xth pan." Siiak, 
 
 CO.MPE'LLABLE, Adj. that which may 
 be forced. 
 
 COMhE'LLER, S. he that makes a per- 
 fon do or refraif) from an a£lion bv force. 
 
 COMi^E'NDlOUS. Adj. concife; brief, 
 or containing much in few words, applied to 
 ftile. Near or fliort, applied to traveMng. 
 
 COMl'E'NDiOUSLY, Adv. inafhortor 
 Conciie m.nner 
 
 COMfE'NDIOUSNESS, S. brevity or 
 (liortnefs ;. the quality ot containing much in 
 a fhort fp2>.e, or performing much in a fhort 
 t me. 
 
 COMfE'NDIUM, S. [Lat.] an abridge- 
 ment of adifcourie ; a fhort or concile m^t.hod 
 of writing on any fuhjeif^. 
 
 COMPl:.'NS.lBLE, Adj [from tomperfo^ 
 Lar.j that for which sn equivalent :nay be 
 made ; that which may be recompen'ed, 
 
 To COMrENSA"iE, V. A. [comptnfa, 
 Lat. J to majre amends lor ; to countervail j 
 to counterbiliince. 
 
 , COMPENS.VTION, .S. [See COW- 
 PENSATE] ar>-.e.".dJ ; rerompence ; a thing 
 of equal value toanother j an equivalent. 
 COMP£'NS.\TiV£, Adj. that v.l:ich com- 
 
 COMPF'TF.NCE, or COrvTPETElNCY, 
 S» \r.mj<t:r.<., Lat.] fuch a qjirituy as isjcfr 
 I'ufHcicot; , iihout fuj'ci.*i.jity j luch a lorcme
 
 c o u 
 
 is is fuiHcient to fupply the necedaries of life, 
 »nd is between po^eiiy on une lide, and aiHu- 
 fence on ihe ocher, 
 
 CO'MPliTENT, AHj. [comfieiirs, Lat.] 
 fuitable ; proportionable; lufficient in num- 
 bers, quantity, or power, to any imdertakir.gj 
 moderaie ^ qudlified or fit tor ; tonfiflv nt with; 
 applicable tu- 
 
 ' CO'MPETENTLY, Adv. properly ; fuffi- 
 cienly ; without excels or (ielcct. 
 
 COMPETITION, S. tbe cndMvomlng to 
 gain foinething in oppofi>ion to another j li- 
 valrv ; conteft ; opp' :'uion. 
 
 COMPE' TITOP., S. [from con and petitor, 
 L:it.] one who clainss or endeavourj t.) giin a 
 thine in oppofition to another ; a rival. 
 
 COMPl'LATiON, S. [I'rom cow^Uatum, 
 fupine oi comfilo, Lac. J a coJleition tiom vari- 
 ous authors j i.n afliuibl^ige or mafs of things 
 heaped togfthtr. 
 
 • To COMPI'LE, V. A. [corpU,, Lat.] to 
 forn:i or colle(n frorn various authors, Figu- 
 ratively, to write ; to comp.ofe ; to form Ironri 
 an aflemblage of various ciicur.i fiances or in- 
 cidents. 
 
 COMPI'LER, S. a colieaor, one who 
 compoits a work, from various authors. 
 
 COMPLA'CENCE, or COMPLA'CEN- 
 CY, S. [comfiUcens, Lit. from cat, and f\'a- 
 ceo, Lat.] a fatisfaciion arifing in the mind on 
 viewing fome action which is wortl)y of its 
 approbation ; or in contemplating fomethiiig, 
 which, on account of its amiablenefs, produces 
 joy j the caufe of joy, or rational plCafure and 
 ifatisfa£lion ; a genteel addrefs which befpeaks 
 approbation, and caufes pleifure ; civility, 
 complaifance, polifenefs, applied to ijehaviour. 
 
 COMPLA'CENT, Adj. [to?:/..'..v:;;j, Lat.] 
 affable j kind ; civil ; polite. 
 
 To COMPLA'JN, V. N, [plaindre, 
 tr^J to find fault with ; to charge a perfon 
 with having been guilty of fome crime. Ac 
 lively, to weep, lament, bi bewail. 
 
 COMPLA'INT, S. [j^hmte, Fr.^ a 
 mouin.'ul reprcfentaiion of i.'jjuiits or pain; 
 gtiel ; the zCt of finding fauit with any tning. 
 Figuritivcly, the caufe of dilVaiisfaC'tion, or 
 tjmpLin'ng. 
 
 COMPLAISA'NCE, S. [Fr.] a cumI be- 
 haviour, whereby a p'.rfon complies with the 
 Incliiiatioin ol another, in order to iiifioua'e 
 himk'lf into his elteen) and favour. 
 
 COMPLA'lS.'iN F, Adj. [Fr.J civil ; po- 
 lite ; cndeavourint; to ple.ifc. 
 
 COMPLA'IS aNFLY, Adv. io a civil, 
 kind, condeTcenciing, and polite minner. 
 
 To C0N:PLANA'FE, or COMl'LA'NE, 
 V. A. [from con and f'.anui Lat.j to kvel, 
 or m.:ke fmoyth and tljt, " Th? vertebrx .01 
 the neck and bjck-bo.Ts are made fliort and 
 
 C'ir.p':;f:atcd." Dtrhi-.m. 
 
 CO'MPLEMLNT, S- [(cmfkiKenium, Lat.] 
 that which perfects or completes any thing ; 
 a *ull, co.mplcte, and r-quifite quantiiy <ii 
 
 COM 
 
 of 3 circle, what it wants of go degrees, la 
 Mavigstion, applied toaeaurfe. what it wants 
 of Qo Aftv,. 8 points, or a quarter of a circle, 
 la .'^.iliondmy, the difianoe of a ftar from' the 
 zenith. In Fortification, applied to a curtin, 
 that pirt oi the interior fids, which rnakes a 
 dem:gor^s ; and applied to a liac of defence^ 
 the remainder of the line, after taking away 
 die angle of the fl.>nk. In Arithmetic, ap- 
 plied to a logarithm, what it wan'S of 
 
 IO,OOQ,OGO. 
 
 COMPLE'TE, Adj. [«„.>Vr«i. Lat. from 
 compleo, Lat. to hll up] fini.ncd; perre(fl j 
 wanting nothing j without defects ; ended ; 
 concluded. 
 
 To COMPLE'TE, V. A. to perfecl ; to 
 finilli ; to ani^wer perfetlly. 
 
 COMPLF/TELY, Adv. perfeaiy; fully; 
 in a pcrfctt manner. 
 
 COAIPLE>TENESS, S. perfeaion ; a 
 quality v. hich implies a tiling to be fiuifhed 
 without defe£t. 
 
 COMPLE'TION, S. [ccmpletus, Lat.] the 
 exigence of fame circumflmce predidled, 
 wherebv every part of a propliecy is fulfilled ; 
 accomplifliment j the greateft height, or per- 
 fea ft»te. 
 
 CO'MPLEX, S. [from the adjeaive] a col- 
 Icaion, fumiiiary, or the whole of a thing J 
 confiiling of feveral parts. 
 
 CO'MPLEX, Adj. [Lat.] compounded} 
 confiding of fevctal parts; including feveral 
 particubr<(. 
 
 COMPLE'XEDNESS, S. co-Tipofition ; 
 containing a variety of circu.T.fta.^ces or par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 COiViPLE'XION, S. [«»./> Wo, Lat.] thS 
 containing or ranging feveral particulars dif- 
 ferent liom each otlier ; the colour of the o(it-» 
 w,ird pans of the body, paicicuUrly that of tija 
 countenance. In Phyfic, the tenipierature, 
 hal'it or difpofition of the body. A fanguir.e 
 cii:ip.'iXior<, is that of hot or warm perfons, 
 and is fo call-'d from the blood's oeing thoughc 
 to he more predominant in fuch. 
 
 COMPLL'XION AL.Aij. depending trere- 
 ly on the habit or temD(rr.iture of the body. 
 
 COMPLE'XIONALLY, Adv. by com- 
 plexion, or by theh^bit of the body, ot predo- 
 minancy of fome of the fluids. 
 
 COiVlPLE'XLY, Adv. in a compouftd man- 
 ner ; for.firting of leveral patiiculars, Oppofel 
 
 COMPLE'XNESS.S. the ftate or quality of 
 being compo'cd of feveral particulars oilVa- 
 rent fr<)ni each other, 
 
 COMPLE'XURE, S. th« compounding of 
 jnifing one thine with others. 
 
 COMPLl'ANCE, S. [from ctmf,/y] thi 
 yielding confe.^t to a tiling p'opofed ; tlie leadf 
 perfonriince of a thin; tequL-tled ; lonJefceiid- 
 ing fo t.u to tiic humours ot a pi-rlon, as ii> 
 do every thing he en dcfire, or expett ; con- 
 del">;enfion. 
 
 CO.MPLPANT, Pirt.[froio awjl>.y] yidd- 
 R in(
 
 C O M 
 
 5ng to the touch ; bending with any farce ; 
 viclrfinp. con<<e!cf ndine. 
 
 To COMPLl'CATE, V. A. [«w/./;o, 
 Lst.j to join or add one thing or a6\ion to 
 anoiherj to unite by wrapping one thing in 
 Fnother ; to compofe rr tnalie a whole, by thr 
 uniting of feveral things different; from each 
 other. 
 
 COMPLl'CATE, Adj. compounded of a 
 Viriety of p;uts. 
 
 COMIM.ICA'TION, S, the joining, <nix 
 ina, blending, or involving feveral ; hii-gsin one 
 inolh'r; a whole cnnfilling'ot feverj] thinsr. 
 COiMPLl'MENT, S. ( Tr. j a pro'eHion o 
 • rcdt tfUem, or an expreflion of appro' aiioii or 
 pralfr, merely from ceremony and politenels j 
 a mere ce'cmonions expreflion. 
 
 To COMPLIMENT, V. A. to make uft 
 of ex;>-c!iion3 of refueft, from a bare princi- 
 ple of Bood behaviour »nfl ceremony ; to (peak 
 in praife of a thing or petfon, contrary to one's 
 real rentimen's and opinion. 
 
 COMrLlME'NTAL, Arfj. expreffive of 
 rcfpetf and civility; ceremnnioiis. 
 
 COMf'LlME/NTALLV, Adv. in a mere 
 cereinonious mar.ncr. 
 
 COMFl.IME'KTER, S. a perfon abound- 
 ing in rompliments. 
 
 C0'MFL0T,5. fFr.] a plor, orilldefign, 
 conctned and carried on by two or more per- 
 f. ns ; a confpiracy or confederacy. 
 
 To CO'MPLOT, V. A. [contploter, Fr.J to 
 join in a delign ; to bring about an ill de- 
 tign. 
 
 COMPLO'TTER, S. one v\hojoins in a 
 plot j a cor>(|ii?ator. 
 
 To CO'MFLY, V. N [from ro;?and/>/'/fr, 
 Fr.J to confent to any requeft ; to fuit one's 
 felf to n period's humours ; to v'eid to. 
 
 COMPG'NE, or COMPONED, Arj. 
 [crrcorie, Fr.] in HetalJrv, compofed or 
 lormed of a row of angular waits, or chequers 
 O^ two colour":. 
 
 COMFO'NENT, Pjrr. ihat which com- 
 pofe«, or contributes to the forming of a com- 
 pound bcdv. 
 
 To COMPO'RT, V. N. [eomf<crtrr, Fr.] 
 to luit ; to agree with; to aft agreeably or 
 fuitably to. 
 
 COM FO'RT, S. [from the verb] behaviour; 
 manrier of looking and a£ling ; cc^nduft. 
 
 COMFO'RTaBLE, A(tj. confiftency, np- 
 poftd to contradiftorv. 
 
 COMFO'RTME'NT, S. behaviour or con- 
 dua. 
 
 To COMPO'SE, V. A. Uorr^ofir, Fr.] to 
 form a mafs, confifting ot Cevernj ihinj;? joined 
 togett-.er; to form or confit) of ; ro place in 
 a proper form; to join words together in a 
 difcourie with art and care ; to reduce to a 
 flate of calmnefs, reft^, and quiet ; to recon- 
 cile. Jn Printing, to fet letters or types in 
 proper order } to place the letters in order in 
 the fotms. In Mufic, to fet any thing to 
 tune; to form a tune fxom « proper col- 
 
 COM 
 
 lef^ion, order or difp'ofition of the notes, 
 COMFO'SED, Part, cdin, ferious, ledate, 
 undiC.urbed. 
 
 COMFO'SEDLY, Adv. in a calm, ferioas, 
 fercne, or i'edatc .innner ; free from any per- 
 turbation or contuf'on.' 
 
 COMPO'S'.DNESS, S. fedatcnels ; calm- 
 nefs; tranquility of mind ; a freedom *rom any 
 di fiuihance or d'ior.^er, applied to th<- mind. 
 
 COMi'O'SER, S an author, orwri'rron 
 any funjedl; one that adapts or fets \vord» 
 to mufic ; or totnns a tune from a peculiar af- 
 fenubl3>;e ot the notes of mufit, 
 
 CO'MFOSirE, .',dj. [Fr. from ccmf^ijilus, 
 Lat.j in architvftnre, thr hit of the hve or- 
 ders of columaj, fo called bec.ufei;s capital is 
 framed from 'hofe ot d ftcrent orders ; it is 
 termed liUewile tha lalian or Roman crder. 
 
 COMFOSI'TION, S. [from covi^:f.:\o, 
 Lat. ] the atl if forming a whole froiTi pans 
 different from each other ; the ^&. of com- 
 bining fimple idea: together, in order to 
 form a complex one ; the diflribution or 
 orderly placing of the feveral parts of a plan, 
 dtfign, or piOure; the woik or pruduc- 
 tion of an author; fuitablenefs, or adapt- 
 ing to any particular fentiment, applied to 
 geliure. An agreement, contr.ift; a recon- 
 ciliati'.in, op*C^rms on which differences or 
 qii.^rrels are fettled. In Grammir, formint; a 
 !en;ence by joining words together, cs p.efixing 
 a particle to a word, toincrea'e, diminifli, or 
 alter its fignification. In Mulic, the att of 
 difpofing notes, fo as to form tunes or airs. la 
 Printing, the ranging feveral tyi-es or letters 
 together to make a page. 
 
 COMFO'SITlV.E, Adj. formed of feveraj 
 fubftances or qualities; having the power of 
 compounding. 
 
 C OMFO'SITOR, S. [compojiteur, Fr.] in 
 Printing, the perfon who works at the c.-fe, 
 fr.ts up the forms, and prepares the 'ypes, by 
 arranging them properly therein, forpnnting; 
 s c.ifrman. 
 
 COMFO'ST, S. a mixture of different foils 
 together, in order to make a manure for alTift- 
 ir.g the natural earth, fo as to mend, im- 
 prove, and render it lUdre fruitful. 
 
 To COMPOST, V.A. [from the twun] 
 to manure ; to enrich, or improve ground by 
 a mixture of different foils. 
 
 COMPO'SURE, S. the writing or inditing 
 a work; compofition, or a pioduiflion, applied 
 to books. Arrsngement, m:xtuie, or order ; 
 flame; make; tempeiament ; fcdatenefs. 
 A.^juffment, or reconciliation, applied to diffe- 
 rence or qujrrels. 
 
 1 o COMPOU'ND, V. A. [ccm/^oro, Lst ) 
 to mingle feveral ingredients together; to 
 form by uniting fevetal things togeth-r ; to 
 place together in difrcrcnt lights, attitudes, 
 or pof'tions ; to produce ry being united ; 
 to reconcile, or put an end to a difierence or 
 quarrel, by conceflions, or compliance with the 
 demands of an adverfdry J to pay a part of a 
 
 debt.
 
 COM 
 
 debt, for want of a capacity to difcharge the 
 xVholf, «nd to be cleared, tor that reafpn, from 
 any further demand j to sgree on ceiiaia 
 term* ; to contract. 
 
 COMPOU'ND, Adj. [from the verb] for- 
 med or produced from feveral ingredients, op- 
 pofed to fitnple. In Graininir, formed by 
 jiijiiinc two or more wordsi 
 
 COMPOU'NDABLE, Adj. that which 
 may be united together fo as to loitn one 
 mafs ; capable of bei.Tg united. 
 
 COMPOU'NDER, S. one who endeavours 
 to bring adverfe parties to an agreement ; a 
 reconciler. In the Ur.iverfity, a perfon of 
 fu;er;or rank or fortune, who is aliovved to 
 commute for refider.ce, by paying extraordi- 
 nary fines. 
 
 To COMPPvEHE'ND, V. A . Iccmtrehendo 
 Lit.j to ciimprife, include, contain, or imply; 
 to have an adequate, clear, and determinate 
 idea of anv cottrine, or propofition 
 
 COMPREHE'NSIBLE, A.ij. [Fr.] capable 
 of being perUdtly and clearly known. 
 
 COMPREHE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a large 
 extent 5 apulied to the acceptation of words. 
 
 COMPREHE'NSION, S. [Fr. ccmprihcn- 
 _/Fo, Lit. J the aft or quality of comprising or 
 c.)ntain':ng ; a fummary compendium, or ab- 
 ftnCi ; capacity, or the power of 'he mind to 
 admit ftfveral ideas at once. 
 
 COMPREHENSIVE, adj. able to under- 
 ftand many things atoncej comprifing much 
 in a narrow compafs ; exteniive, 
 
 COMPREHE'NSiVELY, Adv. in a com- 
 pendious or cuncife manner. 
 
 COMPREHE'NSIVENESS, S, the qua- 
 lity of including much in a narrow compals. 
 
 To COMPRE'SS, V. A. [comprhno, Lat.] 
 to reduce into a narrower compafs by force ; 
 to fqueeze clofer together. 
 
 COMPRE'SS, S. [ccmprfftn, I,at.] in 
 Chirur^ery, a bulfter formed of linen cloth, 
 folded in fevera! doubles, laid undera bandage, 
 to prevent a wound from bleeding or fwelling ; 
 or to retain the remedies applied to it. 
 
 COMPRESSIBI'LITY, S. [from comprejfi- 
 b'e] the qu.Uity at being reduced, by force, 
 into a nairower compafs. 
 
 COMPRE'SS IDLE, Adj. capable of being 
 reduced by force into a narrower compafs. 
 
 COMPRF.'SSION, S. [am^refio, Lat.] 
 the adtion of bringing the particles of a body 
 nearcriogether by external farce, an'l thereby 
 decreafing its bulk or dimenfion ; the aft of 
 p-tfTmg tov;e'her. 
 
 CO.MPRE'SSURE, S. [from comfreff\ the 
 ajft or torie of a body prcfling upon aninher. 
 
 To CGMPRI'ZE, V. A. [torrfrh, part, of 
 tcniprendre, Fr.] to contain J to include j to 
 comprehend. 
 
 COMPROBATION, S. [comprohatio 
 Lat.] confiming by a joint teftimony of two 
 • r mute per on«. 
 
 CO'MPROMISE, S. \(ompr*m<fum, Lat.] 
 
 COM 
 
 a niutual promife of one or more pal-tles to ii* 
 fer the determination of a difpute or contro- 
 verfy to the arbitration or decifiin of one or 
 more perfons ; a compaft or bargain, in which 
 fome conceilioris or compliances are made oa 
 each fide. 
 
 To CO'MPROMISE, V. A. to fettle, or 
 put an end to a difpute or diim by mutual 
 concefTions. 
 
 COMPROMISSO'RIAL, Adj. relating t* 
 a com promife. 
 
 To COMPT, V. A, [pronounced fs/zaC, 
 from counter, Fr. coint is the word now in ufel 
 to make an ePimAte; to add up, orfindthft 
 amount of a row of figures in arithmetJc. 
 
 COMPULSA'TORY, Adj. Icompulfatum, 
 fupine o( ccmpulfo, Lat. J having the pov/er of 
 torcinz a perf«n againft his will. 
 
 COMPU'LSION. S. [compuljui, Lat.] the 
 aft of forcing a free agent to do or abliain 
 from an aftion, contrary to the pieference of 
 his mind ; a violence or force ; the flate of 
 being compelled. 
 
 COMPU'LSIVE, Adj. [compuljir, Fr. com- 
 pulfus, Lat.] haviijg the pd.ver to force a per- 
 fon to perform or abftaiii from an aftion j 
 forcible. 
 
 COMPU/LSIVELY, Adv. in a forcible 
 manner; by com[)ulfion ; bv force. 
 
 COMPU'LSIVENESS, 'S. the quality of 
 obliging a perfon to perform or abftain from 
 any aft contrarv to his inclination. 
 
 COMPU'L-SORILY, Adv. in a forcible 
 manner, by force. 
 
 COMPU'LSORY, Adj. [comfu/fiire, Ft.} 
 having the power of commanding and forcing 
 ube .Hence. 
 
 COMPU/NCTION, S. [Fr. cmtunith, 
 Lat. J the aft ofciufing a pjin, refenibiing 
 thit of pricking; irritation. In Divinity, an 
 inward grief, caufeJ by a confcioufnefs oi hsr- 
 ing offended God; forrow, anxiety, contri- 
 tion, or rencntance, remorfe. 
 
 COMPU'NCTIOUS, Adj. [fiom ccmpunc^ 
 tion] forrowful; repentt-nt J full of remorfe J 
 tender. 
 
 COMPU'NCTIVE, Adj.[compunf}uw, fu- 
 pine of corrpungo. La'. J caufing remorfe; 
 caufirg forrow from a confcioufnefs of guilt. 
 
 CC'MPUTADLE, Adj. [from compuu} 
 caoable of beine num ii-.rcj or eftimated. 
 
 COMPUTATION, S. theaft of ellimat- 
 ing or counting the value cf things ; a calcu- 
 lation ; a fum or number found by calculation, 
 or an srithmetlcal procefs. 
 
 To COMPU'TE, V. A. [computs, Lat.] 
 to find by an arithmetical operation J to efH-. 
 mate, to reckon, tv> count. 
 
 COMPUTE, S. a reckoning, calculation j 
 the amount or fum total. 
 
 COMPUTER, S. one who makes calcu- 
 latinos, an accountant. 
 
 CO'MPUTIST, S. [from (cmf,.,ii] one 
 /killed in numbers, or calcalatioQS. 
 \ R a CO'M-
 
 C O 1^ 
 
 ''ecpt j a phce of retirement from the /ig^t 
 of others ; an hiHing-t^lace. 
 
 To CONCE'DE, V. A. [corrcedo, Lat.] X<y 
 (;rant, or zdnilt a principle or opinion as true j 
 to let a point pafs »vithout any difpute. 
 
 COXCE'IT, S. [concept, Fr. canceptur, 
 Lat. j a conception, thought, or idea ; appre- 
 hension; underl^andingj ftrength of imagi- 
 nation ; mere fancy ; a pleafant thought or 
 co-eternalf co-hatlt^ and before the labials A i fhining fenliment ; an opinionative perfuafion, 
 fnd />, it is changed into an «, as in combuj }cra high opinion of a perfon's judgment, whicti 
 tisn, covpsrt\ and before / and w, it afTumes expofes hitn to ridicule; a word of reproach, 
 the fame letter, as in col-leB, com.r,:ute. \Out of conceit luhh,- a phrafe of a perfon'a 
 
 CON, [an aKbreviation of coma, Lat. I being tired, or no longer being fond of a 
 againft] is ufed to imply an oppMition to any thing 
 
 CON. 
 
 CO'MRADE, S. [ramnaJf, Fr. can^erata, 
 I'.M j one who lives in the fame houle ; a per- 
 fon who is jointly concerned wilh another in 
 an undertaking. 
 
 CON, [Lat. J always joined or prefixed to 
 v.'ords, ngnil'ying rojjf.'/er, as corner}; fomc- 
 times a'ja'irj}, as ccntcr.d; and fometimes fome- 
 thing greJt cr Immerje, as in cotijiagration ; 
 before a vowel or an h, it drops the n, as in 
 
 motion ; or that a perfon is on the negative 
 £de of a queftion : item, con, for r.im'.r.e contra- 
 Aiccnte, Lat. is ufed to fignify that a motion is 
 paffed without any oppofition. 
 
 To CON, V. A. to know; to learn per- 
 feaiy. 
 
 CONCAMERA'TION, S. [cr.y.cameratk, 
 Lat.} an arch, or vault ; any thing formed 
 like an arch. 
 
 To CONC.VTENATE. V, A. [from eon, 
 together, and catcia, Lat. a chdinj to link 
 together; to join or conneft the paits of any 
 thing, that they /hall have mutual dependence 
 en each other, l;ke the links of a chain. 
 
 COXCATEN A'TION, S. [from concate- 
 ra.'e] a feries of links. In Philofophy, a 
 ccnneftion of things, which mutually depend 
 on each other, like the links of a chain, 
 • CONCa'VATION, S. [from concave,'] 
 the af-t of fcooping a thing, or making it of a 
 hollow or concave form. 
 . CGNCA-'VE, Adj. {conccmus, Lat.] hol- 
 low, applied to the inner fuface of a circular 
 body, fjch as that of an eggfhell, of an arch, 
 •r a ball, oppofed lo ccn-vex. Empty, with- 
 out any thing to fill the cavity. 
 
 CONCA'VITY, S. the inner futface of a 
 circular body. 
 
 CONCA'VO-CONCAVE, Adj. hollow, 
 •r concave on both fides. 
 
 CONCA'VO-CONVEX, Adj. hollow, or 
 concave on one fide, but convex or protube- 
 rant on the other. 
 
 CON'CA'VOUS, Ad. holio\» without aT- 
 gles, applied to the inward furface of a round 
 bodv. 
 
 CONCA'VOUSLY, Adv. refemqling the 
 lio'low of the inner forfsce of a round body. 
 
 To CO'NCEAL, V. A. [ccn ?.nd cdo, Lat.] 
 to hide ct- keep any thing from the fight or 
 Jcnowledpc of others ; to cover ; to keep fecret, 
 
 CONCEA'LABLE, Adj. cap.ible of being 
 Icept from the fight or knowledge of others ; 
 poflible to be kept ffcret. 
 
 CONCEA'LEDNESS, S. the ftate of be- 
 ing hid or kept from the fight cr knowledge 
 •f others. 
 
 CONCE.^'LMENT, S. [from a^ncca/] the 
 tft cf hiding from the knowledge, or light 
 •1 otheiBj the ftate of bsing hid or kept 
 7 
 
 To CONCE'IT, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to fancy ; to imagine ; to think, generally 
 implying an opinion that has not the fan£liors 
 of reafon. 
 
 CCNCE'ITED, Part, of a ftrong imagina- 
 tion ; proud; or entertaining loo high an opi- 
 nion of one's abilities. 
 
 CONCE/ITEDLY, Adv. in a fcornful, cr 
 whimfical manner; in a manner which dif- 
 covers too high an opinion, or too great a fond- 
 nefs, in a perl'on ot his own parts, 
 
 CONCL'lTEUNESS.S.opiniatedfondnefs. 
 CONCE'IVAHLE, Adj. that of which a 
 perfon can form fome idea; that which may 
 be underftoad nr believed. 
 
 CONCE'iVABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 being apprehenr'ed bv the mind. 
 
 COIv'CF.'IVABLY, Adv. in an intelligible 
 manner ; in fuch a manner as to be appie- 
 hended bv the mind. 
 
 To CONCE'IVE, V. A. [concfvcir, Fr.] 
 to be formed in the womb; to form in the mind-> 
 to im»eine ; to form an idea of; to apprehen.f. 
 To CONCE'NTRATE, V. A. [from «» 
 and centrum, Lat. J to drive inwards, or to- 
 wards the center ; to drive into a narrow 
 tompafs; to condenfe, 
 
 CONCENTRA'TION, S. forcing into • 
 narrow com pafs, or driving towards the center; 
 the highefl degree of mixture, whereby two 
 or more particles touch by a reception, or 
 forcing one within the other. 
 
 To CONCE'NTRE, N. V. [ccncentrc, 
 Fr.] to tend towards the fame, cr towards one 
 common centre. Ailively, to emit towards 
 one centre. 
 
 CONCE'NTRTC,or CONCE'NTRIC AL, 
 Adj. h.iving one commo.T centre. 
 
 CONCE'PTACLE, S. [conctptaculunt, 
 Lat.] that in which any thing is contained j 
 a refervorr. 
 
 CONCE'PTIBLE, Adj. that which may be 
 apprehended or underftood ; intelligible. 
 
 CONCfiP'TION, S. [conctpih, Lat.] the 
 a£\ of conceiving or becoming pregnant ; the 
 ftate of being conceived ; notion ; apprehen- 
 fion ; idea. Sententious cr pointed thoughts, 
 applied to ftile. Sentiane/jt ; purpofe. 
 
 CONCEP'TIOUS, Adj. [tcnceptum, Lat.} 
 apt IV coiiCeire or kctome orejaant ; fri»itful. 
 
 Tr
 
 CON 
 
 To CCrNCF'RN, V. A. [conarmr, Fr. 
 corcerr.o, low Lat,] to relate, or belong to j to 
 aft'tfifl with fofre paflion ; to make uneafy, or 
 forrowful ; to b? of importance to ; to he in- 
 tufted or commifiioncd to adt for a perfon^ 
 wfed w!thy»r. 
 
 CONCE'RNT, S. [from the vsrbj bufinefs; 
 circiimftanccs; engagement j ir.tereil j isipor-. 
 tance. 
 
 CONCE'RNING, Prep. [Trom concern ; 
 concernant, Fr. though origi:ial!y a participt'-, 
 h-is the force of a prepofition before a notinj 
 about j of j relating to ; with rcla*'on to. 
 
 CONCE'RNMENT, S. the thing in which 
 a perfon is interefteii j an affair ; bufinefs ; in- 
 fluence ; relation ; importance ; the engaging 
 cr taking part in an affair j paffion ; emotion 
 of mind. 
 
 To CO'NCERT, V. A. [coticnur, Fr.] to 
 take meafure v-'ith another to bring a de.ign to 
 yals ; to contrive. 
 
 CO'NCERT, S. a communication of de- 
 figns ; an eflablifh-ment of me.ifures to be pur- 
 filed by perfons engaged in one defign. in 
 Mufic, a number otmuficians and fingers per- 
 forming the fume piece. 
 
 CON CERT A'TJON.. S. {corcertaUo, Lat.] 
 iliife, conteft, or contention. 
 
 CONCE'RTATIVE, Adj. Iconcertativus, 
 Lat.l Qiiarrelfome ; contentious. 
 
 CONCE'SS;ON, S. [conctffio, Lat.] an ad 
 of granting or yeiijing j the thing granted or 
 yielded. 
 
 COi^CE'SSIONARY, Adj. given by indul- 
 gence, by allowance, or purely to terminate a 
 difpu'e. 
 
 CO'NCESSlVELy, Adv. by way of con-' 
 celTion. 
 
 CO'NCHA.S. [L^t] in Anatomy, the fe- 
 cond or inward cavity of the auiicle or external 
 ear. 
 
 CO'NCHORD, S. in Geometry, a curve 
 line always approjching nearer a ftraight line, 
 to which it is inclined, but never meets it. 
 
 To CONCrUATE, V. A. [concUioy Lst.] 
 to gain ; to procure affeftion 5 to reconcile. 
 
 CONCl'LIATION, .S. {from concUriatum, 
 Lat.] the adl of procuring efteem j or recon- 
 ciling. 
 
 CONCILIA'TGR, S. [Lat.] one who 
 makes peace between patties at variance j a 
 reconciler. 
 
 CONCI'LIATORY, Adj. relating to re- 
 conciliation. 
 
 CONCINNI'TY, S. [concwnltat, Lat.] de- 
 cency ; fitnefs, 
 
 CONCINN'OUS, Adj. [corcwr.us, Lat,] 
 comely; becoming; pleafant ; agreeable. 
 
 CO'NCISE, Adj. \c»n(ijui, Lat.] Ihort ; 
 brief. 
 
 CONCl'SELY, Adv. in a brief, or (hort 
 manner; in a few words. 
 
 CONCrSENF.SS.S. brevity ; fhortnefs 
 
 CON 
 
 (COrJOIT.AnriON, S. [ar.c-.t.ulc, Lat.] the 
 a£l of exciting ; agitation ; or felting into a 
 ferment or commotion. 
 
 CONCLA'VE, S. {conclave, Lat.] a private 
 or inner apartment ; the pl.ice wherein the 
 e!efli')ii is held for a pepe ; a meeting or aflem- 
 hly of all the cardinals th.n are at Rome for the 
 election of a pope; a clofe or private aflem- 
 bly. 
 
 To CONXLU/DE, V. A. {condudo, Lat.] 
 to draw as a conclufioa or infcieiue fr'>rn cer- 
 tain permifes ; to infer ; to judge, or deter- 
 mine ; to end, or fini(h ; to co:n;)l-^ic a penoJ, 
 applied to time; to ac'.cnowleige as truth, or 
 fufnciently proved. 
 
 CONCLU'DENT, Part. [oncIiiJefH, Lat. J 
 decifive ; following by direil confequence ; 
 conleau-nt;?.!. 
 
 CONCLU'SIBLE, Adj. [ccrclnfis, Lat.] 
 following as a confequencs from certain prin- 
 ciples ; to be inferred. 
 
 CONCLU'SION, S. [<:(3nJ«/o,Lat.]_deter- 
 minjtion, or putting an end to an afiiir or 
 tranfattion : an opinion formed from experi- 
 ence, or fruin a coliiftio-i of propofuions ; the 
 event of experiments. 
 
 CONCLU'SiVE, Adj. [coticlufum, Lit.] 
 decifive, or that which puts an end to any 
 conteft ; that ii) which the conclufion follov/s, 
 according to the rules of logic. 
 
 CONCLU'SIVELY, Adv. in a determi- 
 nate, pcfitiv.f, peremptory raanner. 
 
 CONCLU'SIVENESS, S. the power of 
 gaining affent, or forcing^ conviction ; regular 
 confequence ; or following from any premifeSp 
 according to the rules of logic. 
 
 To CONCOA'GULATE, V. A. [frona 
 con and co/i^u/ate] to curdle feveral things at 
 the fame cune, followed by iv'ith. " Concotf^ 
 gulMCci ivitbthetn.^' Beyle. 
 
 CONCOAGULA'J ION, S. a coagulation 
 of curdling, by which feveral bodies are join- 
 «d in one mafs. 
 
 To CON'COCT, V. A. [corc.oua, Lat.] 
 in Medicine, to digeft in the fto.nacH, fo 9s 
 to form into chyle; to putrify j to bcighteti 
 the quality of a thing by hsat. 
 
 CONCO'CTION, S. [concoSilo, Lat.] i« 
 Medicine, the change vviih the food under- 
 goes in the flomach cie it be cr)a/5rtcd into 
 chyle ; niaturatioii, or hei tightening the powers 
 or qualities of a thicg by heat. 
 
 CONCO'MITANCE, or CONCO'MI- 
 
 TANCY, S. [cGncomUaniy Lat.J united to; 
 
 attending ; infeparaiile from ; accorioanying. 
 
 CONCO'MITAN r, S. a companion ; an 
 
 attendant. 
 
 CONCO'MITANTLY, Adv. accompany- 
 ing ; in the manner of an attendant. 
 
 ToCONCO'MlTATE, V. A. [c.tmtrl- 
 tatut. Lit.] to attend ; to be joinco lui.i'fl- 
 lablv with another. 
 
 CONCORD, S. [aitcordui, Lat.] agrcc- 
 
 CONCI'SION, S. [fjnfi/iij, Lat. J cuttinfl ment between perfons and tbir,gs ; tlie fuit- 
 offj total deftrudion, ' ' dbleiiCftofonethingtoanolhsr jpe^ice, uniofl, 
 
 R 3 oc
 
 CON 
 
 or wutual kindnefs. In Grammar, that 
 part wherein words are made to agree in num- 
 ber, petfon, and gender, &c. In Mufic, the 
 lelation of two founds that are always agree- 
 ablp to the ear, whether applied in fi/cceflion 
 pr confonance. 
 
 CON CO'R DANCE, S. [corcordanthMi] 
 sr. agreement j a didtionary tothe Holy Sc;ip- 
 tures, wherein all the words are ranged alpha- 
 betically, and the various places where they 
 Ccci.r referred to. 
 
 CONCP'fiDAWT, Part, agreeing with ; 
 ponf.ftent with ; correfpondent-. In Mufic, 
 fonfifling of ceacords or harmonies. 
 
 CONCO'RDATE, S, [cc»co,Jat, Fr.] a 
 (compaflj convention ; or a fociety held to- 
 gether by a common difcipline, or ftatutes. 
 • To CONCO'RPORATE, V. A. to unite, 
 )5lend, cr mix feveral things together, fo as to 
 JForm one m?.fs, fyftem, &c. 
 
 CONCOU'RSE, S. a crowd, or feveral 
 perfons affemhled together in one place ; the 
 point wherein two bodies meet together ; the 
 force or aflion with which two or mpie bo- 
 dies meet together. 
 
 CON'CREi'.^ENT, S. ffrom co^cnfco, 
 J^at. to grow together] a mafs formed by 
 foncretion j a colleftion ofmatter growing to- 
 gether. 
 
 CONCRE'SCENCE, S. [cencrffcuKs, Lat.J 
 the a£l or quality of growing by the union of 
 fevera! p-rticlts. 
 
 ■ To CO>ICRE'TE, V. A. to form from an 
 ynion of feveral particles or bodies ; to unite 
 feveral maffes or particles into one body- Nen- 
 tcrly, to coajefce, cohere, or join together, fo 
 as tp form one mafs 
 
 CON 
 
 COKCRE.'TURE, S. a mafj formed by 
 (he cohefion of feveral particles. 
 
 CONCU'BINAGE, S. [Fr. concul^lnatus, 
 Lat.j the aft of living or cohabi'.ing with a 
 woman, as a wife, without being married. 
 
 CONC'U'Bi'NE,S.[cSKcubina,LiZ. {lom cor, 
 tnpether, and cumlio to lie] a woman who i< 
 kept by a man, and lives with him, thou^i) 
 not married to him ; a kept rniftrefs. 
 
 CONCU'FISCENCE, S. [ccticupifcentia, 
 La^.j an inordinate de.lre of women j leache- 
 ry ; luft. 
 
 CONCUPISCENT, Part, [c/incupi/.-ns, 
 Lat.j leacheious ; luftiul ; having an immo- 
 derate dcfire alter v.omen j or it) iiregular ap- 
 petite after carnal thiriss. 
 
 CONCUPJSCE'NTIAL, Adj. relating to 
 concupifcence, or having an irregular (lefwe 
 either after wnmcn, or carnal things. 
 
 CONCUr'JSCICLE, Adj. [cancupifdhiUs, 
 Lat.J ihat which may be defwed j that which 
 raifes, excites, or exterts defire. 
 
 To CGNCU'R, V. N. [from ancurra, 
 Lat.J to meet together ; to join in one a<rkio» 
 or dcfign, applied to feveral perfons; to unite 
 wiih ; to be conjoined with j to contribute to 
 the effefiing one common event or d< fign. 
 
 CONCU'RRENCE, or CON'Cl'RREN- 
 CY, S. afiidance j union; conjunction; united 
 effort to promote any defign ; agreement in any 
 opinion or feniiment. 
 
 CONCU'RRENT, Part, [ccncunem, Lat.J 
 rfifling in conjunftiun or together j promoting 
 the fame defitn. 
 
 CONCU'RRENT, S. that which contri- 
 butes to the petfofmance of a defign 
 
 CONCU'bSlON', S. [covcujjio, Lat.j the 
 
 CONCRE'TE, Adj. formed by the union j aft of putting a thing into violent motion j 
 
 prcohtfion of feveral particles or fubftances 
 In Logic, a corciete ttrm is that which, while 
 It expri-iTes the quality, expredes, iiriplics, or 
 refers to fome fuhjeft or fubftance in which it 
 inheres, and is generally the fame as a noun 
 adje^ive in gr.'mmari 
 
 CO^rCRE•'TE, S. an afTemblage or mix- 
 ture ; a boiiy or mafs compofed of feveral par 
 ticle-i or principles. 
 
 CONCRE'TEty, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to include rhe fublbnce with the quality. 
 ' CONCRE'TENESS, S. curdling, coagu- 
 Jalion ; or the gathering feyeral fluids into a 
 folid malV. 
 
 CONCRE'TION, S. the aft whereby 
 afoft body becomes hard, or the particles of 6 
 iluid becom.e5 fixed, fo »s not to yield to ihc 
 touch; the coalition, or uniting of feveral 
 particUs io as to form one mafs. Figuratively 
 the maft- formed by a coheiion or coalition o; 
 feveral oaiticles. 
 
 CONCRETIVE, Adj. that which has the 
 power of uniting feveral panicles lopeihcr, fo 
 as to form one mafs; that which hss the pcw 
 pr 01 turning a fluid into a foiid ; lh.U whicli 
 has the power rf producing coagulation, «r the 
 furdling of a Huid body. 
 
 ihaking ; agitation. 
 
 CONCU'SSiVE, Adj. [oncuffui, Lat.J 
 that which as the pov.xr or quality of Ihak- 
 ing. 
 
 To CONDE'MN, V. A. {condemm, Lat. 
 condcmritr , Fr.J to pais fentence ag^inft a per- 
 fon, whereby he is fubjeft to punifhment ; to 
 cenfure, blame, or find fault with. 
 
 CONDETvlN.ABLE, Adj. that which may 
 be blamed, found f.;ult with, or is fubjedl to 
 the fentence of a judge. 
 
 CONDEMN.VT10N,S.[<rWfw«an:),L?.t.J 
 pafling or pronouncing fentence againlf a per- 
 fon, whereby he is fubjeft to punifhmefl' or 
 penalty, either in rcfpeft to perfun, fortune, 
 or life. Figuratively, the blaming or declaring 
 a oillike of a perfon or thing j the ftate of a 
 perfon on whom fentence has been pafled. 
 
 CONDE'MNATORY, Arfj. having the 
 f>..rce of condemning or fubjefting a pcr.'bn to 
 punifhment. 
 
 CONDE'MNER, S, the perfon who ron- 
 
 dems, renfurcs, bKtrnes, or finds fault with. 
 
 CONi:)E'N.SABLE, Adj. that which is 
 
 capable of being made more folid or forced into 
 
 a f[n,il!t.r romp.ils. 
 
 To CONDE'NSATE, V. A. {("ndm^ 
 4 La;.j
 
 CON 
 
 Lat.] to make more folid or thick, by com- 
 preflion or fores, ?i4il;ed to fl'jids, 
 
 CONDE'N'SATE, adj. made thicker or 
 more lolid by ccmpreffion, or external 
 force. 
 
 CONDENSA'TION, S. [from c-.nt!enfate'] 
 the aft of bringing the parts of a booy ciolcr 
 to each ^ther, and incrcaling their c.ntacl, 
 whereby the body is rendered more den!e, 
 compact, and heavy. 
 
 To CONDE'NSE, V. A. [condenfo, Lat.j 
 to make any body more thick, compad, or 
 weighty, by increafing the contact ot its par- 
 ticles ; applied by fome only ro the eficct of 
 cold, but bv others ufed for comprcffiyi-., or 
 the efi'efls of external force, which dimin;i]i- 
 e« the fize of the pores of a body, and rendcis 
 it, con'equcntlT, more folid. Neuieily, lo 
 grow thick, applied to the eft'efls of cold on 
 fluids ; to become folid and weiglny, by 
 fhr.nkinj! to a narrower compafs. 
 
 CONDE'NSE, Adj. thickened ; clofc ; 
 compad , become more folid by the e-ftetl ot 
 cold, or coi ipreflion. 
 
 CONDE'NSER, S. a pneumatic engine, by 
 ireans of which an uniifual quantity of air may 
 be forced into a fmall fpace, or by which three, 
 four, or five atmofpheres may be injeftcd more 
 than a thing would contain naturally. 
 
 CONDE'NSITY, S. the (late of a fluid, 
 whoft; paits are fixed fo as not to give way to 
 the touth, by cohi, coagulation, or compreffion. 
 Thicknc'.s, applied to confidence. 
 
 CO'NDERS, S. perfons who ftand on fome 
 eminence to give notice to fifliers which way 
 a ftioal of herrines take. See BALKERS. 
 
 To CONDESCE'ND, V. N. [crMdejundre, 
 Fr. CJiidej.-etuPj, Lar.J to lay afide the dignity ot 
 rank, in o der to make one's fell' agreeable to, 
 or on a level with, inferiors ; to behave with 
 familiarity ^>^ infeuors. 
 
 CONDESCE-'NDENCE, S. [con'efcen- 
 ^ance, Fr.J an aft whc'eby a perfon in autho 
 *rity lays afide the diftertnce of rank in Older 
 toconverfe freely %vith his inferiors ; a grant- 
 ing (».me favour to a perfon, or cor.fcnting to 
 yield him fome advantage, which he could 
 not demanil. 
 
 CONDESCE'NDINGLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to lay afide the claims of authority 
 and dignity j or to yield up a right, or confcnt 
 to a requeft, from a principle ot good nature 
 and generofitv. 
 
 CONUESCE'NSION, S. the behaviour of 
 a fuperior, whereby he treats one of lower 
 rank as his eq'ial, and grants hi.ii favours he 
 cannot demand. 
 
 CONUESCE'NSIVE, Adj. courteous ; 
 treating inferiors without diftante; afVabie, jnci 
 ready lo ferve or grant any favour, or forego a 
 ri^ht, to ferve or oblige another. 
 
 CONDI'GN, Adj. [condignus, Lat.] wor- 
 thy ; fuitable to ; merited j deferved ; or pro- 
 portionable to J generally applied to the pu- 
 nirameni due to a perfon for his u'lvzzi. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONDI'GNLY, Adv. in a mi*ner fuiu- 
 ble to a perfof.'s crimes 5 defcrvedly. 
 
 COND.'GNNEiS, S. p.opoition ; fuitj- 
 blenels to s urrfon's crimes. 
 
 To CONDi'TE, V. A. [condio, Lar.] to 
 pre(t-tve or oickle. 
 
 CONDi'TION, S. [Fr. conditio, Lit.] a 
 quality or property which determines the na- 
 ture of a thing ; an attribute or accidenr, in a 
 logical fcnfe ; hubit or terpperaroie. " Tr.e 
 impel fcftion of long «ngrafted condttkn." i'tak. 
 A moral quality or virtue ; ftate, or the cir- 
 cumftance of peifon or fortune; rank j the 
 ti-rms of any conuaif^, barga n, or agreement. 
 F gurativcly, a wiidng coiilair.ing the term* 
 of an agrciiiTient. 
 
 To CONDI'TION, V,N. to make terms. 
 
 CONDi'TIONAL, Adj. to be performed 
 on certain terms, not abfolute tut fubjecl t<i 
 certain limitation^. 
 
 CONDITIONALLY, Adv. on ce;t?in 
 terms or Imit :tiiir.s. 
 
 CONDi'TION '^.RY, My {^ipuhted; bar- 
 gained ; to be done as a me.ins of acquiring 
 any thinp. 
 
 To CONDI'TJONATE, V. A. to make 
 conditions for ; to regulate by, or peilorm on 
 certain condi'ions, 
 
 CONDi'J'lONATE, Adj. eftablifhed and 
 grounded O'l certain terms and conditions. 
 
 CONDITIONED, Fart, [from cor.ditior^ 
 having qualities either good or bad. 
 
 To CONDO'I.E, V. N. [condoleo Ljt.J 
 to lament wi'h thofe who grieve for any mile- 
 ry, misfortune, or calamity. Aftively, to be- 
 wail a misfortune with another. 
 
 CONDO'LEMENT, S grief; forrow ; 
 mourninn for any lots or misfor une. 
 
 CONDO'LENCE, S. a fympaihizinp grief 
 arifing from the misfortunesof >nother, wliich 
 (.'xpreilbi itfelf by lamenting with the perfon 
 in dillrcfs 
 
 CONDO'LER, S. one who expielKs a 
 complimcntjl concern for the fonow of an- 
 other, and the caufc which occafions it. 
 
 CO'NDOR, S [Span.j in Natural Hif- 
 tory. a fowl of that magnitude, ftrength, and 
 appetite, as to leize not only on the iTicep, and 
 lelTer cattle, but even the larger Oealls, apd 
 children. 
 
 To CON'DUCE, V, N. [condm, Lat.j to 
 promote an end liy afting conjointlv. 
 
 CONDU'CIBLE. Adj. [comiuahtll, ,L-it.] 
 having a power ot conducing to, or promoting 
 a defign. Uied for two or morecaufes operat- 
 ing to one end. 
 
 CONDU'CIVE, Adj. that which has a 
 tendency, power, or qujlity to promote or pro- 
 duce any end. 
 
 CONDU'CIVENESS, S. the quality of 
 promoting or contriouting to tlie produftion 
 of f"me end. 
 
 CONDU'CT, S. [conduit, Fr.] man.ige- 
 
 ment, or tenor of aftions ; tne aft of com- 
 
 mandini an army 5 cinvoy or efcorti'.^, with a 
 
 K 4 gu.ird i
 
 CON 
 
 fusrJ; the guard convoying, fecur'ng, or ef-! 
 cor'ing; a warrant by which a convey is ap- 
 pointed behaviour, or a feries of adions re- 
 gulated by fome ftandard. 
 
 To CpNDU'CT, V. A. to accompany a 
 perlon in order to fhew him his way to any 
 place 5 to dire£l, lead or guide j to u{her, cr 
 introouce; to manage; to head an army, or 
 coma'an.i a body of troops. 
 
 CONDUCTl'TIOUS, Adj. [ccnduait-ut, 
 Ljt.J hiiedj employed J or fetving for mc» 
 Jiey. 
 
 CONDU'CTOR, S. [L»t.] a £uide, or 
 one who (hews another !iis way ; a k.ider or 
 corrinander } a manager ; or one who tranfaft; 
 an an'air. 
 
 CONDU'CTRESS, S. a woman \vho di- 
 refis or leads a perlon, or carries on any un- 
 dertdkinc 
 
 CONDUi'T, S. [Fr. prcnonnced curJlt'] a 
 canal, or pipes made ul'e cf for the conveyance 
 of wafer at a diftance fiom the refervoir, or 
 ipring-head ; an aquedu£l ; a place furniHiei 
 with a cock, whence people are publicly fup- 
 plied with water. 
 
 CONE, S. [cotiu$, hit. xa'vcf, Gr.] in 
 Geometry, a folid body, whofe bafe is a circle, 
 its uppermoft pitrt ending in a point ; it refem- 
 bles a fug3r loaf, and may be conceived as 
 formed by the revolution of a triangle on one 
 of Its fides, as on an axis. 
 
 To CONFA'BULATE, V. N. to talk eafi 
 ly, and with careLfihel's together; to chat 
 with a perfoR. 
 
 CONFABULA'TION, S. [confihulaih, 
 Lat.j eafy, familiar, carelefs, chearful talk 
 with a petfmn. 
 
 CONFABULA'TORY, Adj. [from cst:- 
 fabulafus, Lat.j belonging to entertaining and 
 careJefs converfation. 
 
 To CONFE/CT, V. A. {ocvfch, Lat.] to 
 preicrve fruit, &c with fugar. 
 
 CONFE'CT, S. [from the verb] a fweet- 
 mcat. 
 
 CONFE'CTION, S, the prefe-ving fruit 
 cr vegetables, by means of clarified fug.ir. In 
 Pharmacy, any thing prepared with fugar j a 
 liquid cr 'oFt eleftuary; the alfembldge or 
 tnion of difterenr ingredienis. 
 
 CONFEC/TIONARV, S. a place where 
 ele^iant food from different ingredients is made, 
 cr fruits are prefervcd. 
 
 CONFE'CTIONER, S. one who makes 
 and fells fweetmeatt. 
 
 CGNFE/DER ACY, S. IccfceJeiafw, Lat.j 
 a league, contract, or agreement, entered in- 
 to by feveral flates or bodies of men for their 
 mutual advan-aep and defence. 
 
 To CONFE'DERATE, V. A. [ccrfede- 
 rer, Fr. from con inAfa'deratus, Lat.] -.o unite 
 in a league, or agree with, in oidcr to accom- 
 plifh fome defign. 
 
 CONFE'DERATE, Adj. [«« %r\if(edera- 
 f-js, Lat.] leagued, or united by fome contract 
 fo accbaiclifh lome def'S!'. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONFE'DERATE, S. [See the adjcaiveT 
 one who enters iiiio an engagement with anoT 
 iher, whereby they are obliged mutually to af- 
 fift and defend each other ; an aliy. 
 
 CONFEDER'ATION, S. [Fr] a league j 
 an aiSt whereby two or more perfons obligd 
 themfeIvf-5 to afTift each oiher ; an alliance. 
 
 To CONFE'R, V. N. fcdfiro, Lat. coii- 
 ftrer, Fr.] to difcourfe wiih a perlon on fome 
 imfortanr, grave, and ft.ited fubis<?c ; to talk 
 with a perfon on any fubjecl, in o'der tocome 
 to a de'ermination. Actively, to compare ths 
 fentirr.ents of one per.''on or au:hcr with th >fe 
 of another ; to give a thing which could not 
 be claimed ; to bertow a favour ; to contribute 
 cr conduce, ufeJ witW to, 
 
 CO'NFERENCE, S. [cor^firence, Fr. con- 
 fcrer.i, Lat.] the act ot difcourfing with ano- 
 ther, in order to fettle forr.e point in difpute, 
 or tre.u upon any fubjefl in a publicchatatler \ 
 a meeting appointed fnr the ditcufling of fome 
 point in debate ; comparjfon, or examination 
 of thints bv comparing thtm together. 
 
 CONFERR'ER, S. he that dilcourfes with 
 another on fome {lj(cd point j he thatbeftows 
 a favour on another. 
 
 ToCONFE'SS, V. A. {cofifejjer, Fr.] to 
 acknowledge the having donefomethingamifs. 
 " Corfffs thee fieily if thy crime." Shai. To 
 difclofe a perl en's fins to a prieft, in order to 
 obtain abfolufion ; to own, uf-^d as introduc- 
 tory to a fentence, in otJer lo obviate any in- 
 vidious remark. " I muft confejs I was moft 
 pleafed." Aidif. 
 
 CONFESSE'DLY, Adv. in foch a manner 
 as muft extort univerfjl confeut j generally 
 owned ; avowedly ; indifputably. 
 
 CONFE'SSION, S. the acknowledgment, 
 or owning a crime. In the Romifh church, 
 an acknowledgment of fins in private to a 
 priei>, in order to obtain abfolution. 
 
 COMFE'S.SIONAL, S. [Fr.] in the Ro- 
 mifh church, a little bnx or defk, wherein the 
 prieft takes 'he confeffion of a penitent. 
 
 CONFE'SSIONARY, S. [corfcfior.m'n:, 
 Fr.] theconftfTion chair or fe^t, wherein the 
 priefl fits to receive tiie confeflii/n of a peni- 
 tent. 
 
 CONFE'SSOR, or CONFE'SSOUR, S. 
 [confejfiiir, Fr.] one who proftfTes a religious 
 ientiment or opinion inthe face of danger, and 
 amidft the mcft cruel tortures. In the Romifii 
 church, a prieft, who is authorized to receive 
 the confeffions of penitents, and grant them 
 abfolution ; the penitent wha profelTes hi» 
 crimes either to God, or to a prieft. 
 
 CONFE'ST, Adj. [a ponical word for 
 toiift-ffid] open ; generally known ; acknow- 
 ledged, in a good fenfe. Notorious, in a bad 
 feufe. 
 
 CONFICIENT, Part, [co'ifa'tns, Lat.] 
 caufing or producing in company with fome 
 other perfon or thing. 
 
 CO'NFIDANT, S. [w/<.W, Fr.] a per- 
 lon intrufted with the fecrcts of another; moft 
 
 commonly
 
 G O N 
 
 jromrr.only applied to thofe who are intrufted' 
 yiilh ihe affairs of lovers. 
 
 To CONFI'DE, V. N. [corff.h, Lat.l to 
 truft in, implying a ftrong perfuadon ot- al 
 fuiance of a perfon's abilities toafiiil another, 
 or his fidelity in keeping a fecret. 
 
 CO'NFIDEN'CE, S. \corfid:itla, Lat.] a 
 flrop§ .ifl'urance cf the fidelity and ability of 
 another. When joined to the reciprocal pro- 
 nouns bsrr.fe'f, &;c. a llrong aliurance c,i' the 
 efficacy of a perfon's own ab'iities; a vitious 
 and .i(Tuming tn>ldners. Figuratively, the caufe 
 of boldnefs, or conlciout integrity ; a freedom 
 ot accelf, void or the difcourjging terror oi 
 guilt, and animited with the chearing hcp^s 
 of acceptance and approbarion. 
 
 CO'Nr IDENT, Fart, \nvfidens, Lat.] af- 
 fu-ed or convinced of a tiutli beyond any pufTl- 
 bili:y of doubt j pofitive j fecure of futcefsj 
 without (car of milcariiage or difippointmeiil j 
 without fufpicion ; bold to a vice, implying 
 too great an opinion of a ptrfcn's own abilities, 
 and undertaking any dangers in confequence 
 of fuch a perfiijficn ; isnpiujent. 
 
 CO'NFIDEN TLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 0S to diicover no feor of a mifcarriage 3 fecure- 
 Jy ; poluivelv. 
 
 CON'rlDENTNESS, S. a favourable opi- 
 nion ot one's own judgment, including pofi- 
 tivenefs, with its confequences ; .ifl'iirance. 
 
 CONflGUR ACTION, S. [Fr.] the order 
 in which the particles of bodies aie united to- 
 gether ; the form of a body made by the order 
 in which its p.irticles are united together. In 
 Aftrology, a certai.i fituation of the planets in 
 tne zodiac, whereby they are fuppofed mutu- 
 ally to aftefl and affift each other in bringing 
 about fome event. 
 
 To CONFi'GURE, ["rom con 3n.]JIgura, 
 Ljt.J to difpofe Or form by uniting in a par- 
 ticular manner. 
 
 CONFl'NE, S. a limit ; border ; edge ; or 
 U^moft verge ot a thing or place. 
 
 CONFl'NE, A.!j. \corfms, Lat.] border- 
 irg upon, applied to places ; it implies that 
 ihe one begins where the other ends. Touth 
 ing; aHif)inipg; or contiguous. 
 
 To to Nf'i'NE, V. N. to border upon ; 
 to touch ; Or b; contiguous to. 
 
 To CONFINE, V. A. [cofiKtr, Fr.] 
 to bound j to li.T.it ; to inclofc ; to ihut up ; 
 to reftrain ; to impnion ; to immure; 10 
 keep at ho;ije 5 to reflrairi 5 not to quir, or 
 neiileil. 
 
 CONFI'NELESS, Adj. boundlcfi ; with- 
 out liTilis, end. Or pau e. 
 
 CONFINEMENT, S. the aft of reftrain 
 5ng a perfon from going abroad ; the act ot 
 inclof.ng a perfon in prifun ; the ftate of a 
 perfon in prifon, or kept at home without li- 
 berty of g'linir abroad ; reftraint. 
 
 CONiI'.NLR, S. a perfon "ho lives at the 
 extremity, or on tlie borders cf a country ; one 
 
 G O N 
 
 CONFI'NITY, S. [crjr.Jimtas, Lat,] near- 
 nefs ; neighbo'irh'iod 5 likenefs. 
 
 To CONFl/RM, V. A. [confrmo, Lat.] to 
 ftrengthen a proof, by producing more argu- 
 ments for it; to put [beyond doubt, by addi- 
 tional proofs; to fe.tlc a perfon in an office ; 
 to complete ; to render perfedl ; to admit to 
 ihe (uii privileges cf a L'arillian by impofition 
 of the hands of a bifhop, 
 
 CONU'RMABLE, Adj. that which is 
 capable of being made evident and indubitable 
 by tun her proofs and evidence. 
 
 CONFIRMA'TION, S. the a£l of efla- 
 blifniiig any perTon in a place ot office , aa 
 ijditional or new pr<iot 10 tviiic:e the truth 
 ot a thing or opinion beyond doubt or con- 
 tradidlion ; a proof which brings conviction j 
 an ecclefianic rite whereby a perfon, airivcl 
 10 years of difcretion, undertakes the per- 
 formance of every part of the biptifmal vow 
 made for him by his godfathers and god- 
 mothers. 
 
 CONFIRMA'TOR, S. \_cor>firmo, Lat.] one 
 who proves a thing beyond doubt. 
 
 CONFIR/MaTORY, Adj. eftibliHiing oe 
 giving fuch additional proof, as may incrj ifa 
 the certainty or probability of any f<i£l or 
 adtion. 
 
 C0NFIR'MEDNESS,S. a quality implying 
 certainty, when applied to evidence ; and in- 
 veteracy or ftreng'h, not eafily to be furmount- 
 ed, ivhcn ufed of habits. 
 
 CONii'RMER,'S. one who caabli/hes as 
 opinion or fa£l by new evidence or proor'sj 
 one who eftabliflits or fecurcs a perfon in the 
 j;olVc-iTion of any dignity. 
 
 CONFl'SCABLE, A,'j. [from cwfjcatum^ 
 Lat.] liable to be fciz^d on as a iinZy or xx 
 punilliment for ^dxa^ crime. 
 
 To CONFISCATE, V. A. {c»nfi^catun, 
 Lat.] to feizeon private property, and convert 
 It, either to the ufeof the chief magiftr^tc, ot 
 ot the public, by way of punifhment. 
 
 CONFISCATION, S. [coHffiatio. L-t.] 
 the fi:izing of private property, on atCLiunt of 
 fome crime, and converting it to the ufeof the 
 chief ma»iflraie, or of the public. 
 
 CONFITURE, S. [Fr. from eonficlara^ 
 Lit. j a Iwcctmeat, or confedlion^ 
 
 COMILA'GRANT, Part, [c^r/l.tt^ranu 
 Lat. J burning together j involved in the fame 
 fire. 
 
 CONFLAGRATION, S. [cytfa^raHt, 
 Lat. J a general fire fprcading over a large 
 fpace, anl involving feveral thing! \m 'y.% 
 (l..mis. Generally ufeJ for that (ire which 
 iliall cnnfuone all ttiings, and change the face 
 of nature. 
 
 CONFLVTiON, S. the a£t of blowirr; 
 ,ftfv;;ial wind-in.'lr-.jrr.cnts at the fame time ; ihs 
 (.ailing and nieltins of meial. 
 
 To CO/NFLICr, V. N. [tsnj'.icij, Lat.J 
 to ftriveor ftruggie in order to get victory, ap- 
 
 VkhodefMives another of ihe liberty of walking plied, to perlyr.s and things, 
 abioa ', orfiiutbhimup i,-i aprifonj aneighbour. CONFLICT, S. [corJl-Hus, 
 
 Lst.j a cotn- 
 lat.
 
 CON 
 
 \it, or fight betwf en two, feldcm ufed of t 
 gener,,l hatlej a conteft or ftrife ; a ftruggle 
 between oppohte qualities ; an agony or pang, 
 therein nature fecms to ftruggle hard againl^ 
 fiiffcrinp and pain, 
 
 CONFLU'ENCE, S. [c<>-,fluintla, low Lat.] 
 an anning of two or more ftreanis or rivers j 
 the adtot croudin^ or loming in great num- 
 bers to oi,e place; a concoBrl'e or a tnnkitude 
 fathered intootie place, 
 
 CONFLU'ENT, Part, \corfuens, part, of 
 cctjluif, Lac.J running one into anoiiier, mcet- 
 i"g, or mixing together. 
 
 CO NFLUX, S. [conjiuxum, fupine of «n- 
 ^iio, Lat.j ihc uniting or union of feveral 
 flreanis or rivers. Figuratively, a crowd; a 
 great number of perlons colle£^ed together. 
 
 CONFO'RM, S. [A6u confirntatus, Lat. J 
 afluniing the fanoe form or quaiitv as another: 
 like. 
 
 ToCONF^ORM, V, A. [confcrmo, Lzu] 
 to reduce to the fime form or manner as an- 
 other ; to render ong's aftions agreeable to 
 any particular rule; t» fubmit or yield obe- 
 cience to. 
 
 CONFO'RMABLE, Adj. hav'^gthe fame 
 foim; agreeing with fomc ftandard or law ; 
 coniplMiit or fnhmiffive to authority. 
 
 CONFO'RMABLY, Adj. agreeably; in 
 a manner condftent with feme law or ftandard ; 
 fuitaHy ; with compliance, 
 
 CONFORM'ATION, S. [Fr. eortforma- 
 iw, Lat.j the p.rticuar union or order of the 
 parts ot a body, and their difpofition to m<ike 
 a whole; the refemhlonce or agreement ot 
 actions to Come ftanlard or law. 
 
 C0NF0'RM;ST, S. one who complies 
 wirh the mode of worihip ufed by the church^ 
 of EnjLnd. 
 
 CONFO'RMITY, S. ffrom conform] like- 
 nels; refemblance; the 3dt of regulating one's 
 aftions to fome law ; confillency ; compliance 
 with the worfhip of the e.labliflied church. 
 
 To CONFOU'ND, V. A. [co^fondre, Fr. 
 con/undo, Lat.j to mingle or mix thing«, fo 
 that their forms or natures cannot be oiftin- 
 guifiied ; to fubftitute or make ufe of one 
 v-ord for another, which conveys dift«rent 
 ideas; to puzzle or perplex the mind by in- 
 diftinift ideas, or words ufed in an indetermi- 
 nate manner ; to amaze, aftonifh, and render 
 pnable to reply ; to delVrriy. 
 
 CONFOU'NDED, P...r;. hateful ; prodi 
 gious ; a low woid, to txprtfs any thing in the 
 I'uperlative decree. 
 
 CONFOU'NDEDLY, Adv. Shamefully; 
 batefuJIy; a low, word, 
 
 CONFOU'NDER, S. one who petplexes, 
 aftonifh.s or deflrnv<:. 
 
 CONFRATE'RNITY, S. [ronfrattmifai, 
 I>»t.J a brotherhood ; or body of men uniied 
 for fome religious purpofc. 
 
 CONFRICA'TION, S. \con 3nd/r;V9,Lat.l 
 the act of iub;iing. 
 To CONTRO'NT, V. A. [«"/r£>».'«r, 
 
 CON 
 
 Fr.] to ftand direftly oppofite to; to ftand 
 face to face ; to oppofe; to fet in oppofitionj 
 to contraft ; to compare one thing with an- 
 other. 
 
 CONFRONTATION, S. [Fr.] the aft 
 of oppofi^g one evidence to another. 
 
 ToCONFU'SE, V. A. [cotifujui, Lat.] 
 to put in diforder; to make irregular; to per- 
 plex by indiftin£t ideas, or by uting words 
 without any determinate fignification. 
 
 CONiU'SEDLY, Adv. in an indiftinft 
 m?niiei'; mixed, oppofed to feparate ; per- 
 plexed, or not clear ; without any order; ill 
 obfcure, indiftinifl. or unintelligible terms. 
 
 CONFU'SEDNESS, S. want of diftinanefj 
 or clearnefs ; want of order or regularity, 
 
 CONrU'SION, S, an irregular, carelefs, 
 or Ciiforderly mixture; the ufing words with- 
 out any precife meaning; want of diflinftion 
 and clearnefs, 
 
 CONFU'TABLE, Adj. that which may be 
 ilif.wn to be falfe or proundlefs, 
 
 CONFUTA'TiOiM, S. [covfutatia, Lat.] 
 the aft of dellroying the ar^iuments ot another, 
 by fnewiog them to be falfe, inconclufive, or 
 g'Oundlcfs 
 
 ToCONFU-TE, V. A. [corfuto, Lat.] to 
 deftroy the force of an argument ; to fhew the 
 proofs of an adverfary to be groandlefs, incon- 
 clufive, fcDhiflical, or falfe. 
 
 CON'GE, S. [Fr.J an aaion ftewing re- 
 fpeft, conipiiment, or fubmliTiun, confifting 
 in bowing the body in men; and in women, 
 in finking with the knee bent, or making a 
 courtefy ; leave, or the aftion of taking leave. 
 In Archiieftnre,a moiildingin form of a quar- 
 ter round, or a cavetto, ferving to feparate two 
 members. Gorge de lire, Fr. i. e. leave of elec- 
 tion, in Canon law, is the King's perniiffion 
 to a dean and ch>pter to chnofe a bi&op, w hen 
 the fee is vacant. 
 
 To CONGE'.iL, V. A. [conieh, Laf.] to 
 change or thicken a fluid by cold, figura- 
 tively, to thicken any fluid applied generally 
 to the bloorl. Neuterly, to grow thick. 
 
 CONGL'ALABLE, Artj. that which may 
 grow thick by cold. 
 
 CONGE'aLMENT, S. the clot, or thick 
 inafs lormed by cold. 
 
 CONGELA'TION, S. the »& of freezing, 
 or producing I'uch a change in a fluid body, 
 that It grows thick, or its particles beco.me 
 f.-if..', like thofe of a folid bo.ly. 
 
 CONG E'NEROUS.A-n. of the fame genu* 
 or fpecies ; arifing from the fame principle ; 
 oroceedini frorn the lame caufe. Ufed only 
 by fcien ific writer?. 
 
 CONCL/NIAL, Adj. Crcm con and ginus, 
 Lat.j partaking of the fame genus, of the 
 fame nature, liilpodtinn, or kind. 
 
 CONGI'NIA'LITY, S. a partaking of the 
 fame genus, nature, or tlilpofuion. 
 
 CONGENIA'LNLSS, S. a lamenefs of. dif- 
 pofiuon, 
 
 CO'NGER,
 
 CON 
 
 CO'NGER, S [coK^ru}, Lat.] a large eel, 
 
 fiequenting fait waters. 
 
 CONCE'RIES, S. a mafs confifting of 
 fenaller bodies heaped together. 
 
 CONGI/S TIBLE, Adj. that which may 
 be heaped together. 
 
 CONGE'STION, S. \conpefi:o, Lat.] in 
 Surgery, a col'sflion of matter gatheied to 
 gether in any part of the body. 
 
 CONGI'ARY, S. a pift oiftribuied by the 
 Rv)m..n e.xpero/s, condfling of corn and oil. 
 Amonj AliiJalifts, a gift or ptcfent lepiefented 
 en niedai'. 
 
 To CONGL.A'CI.^TE, V. N. [congfada 
 tin, Lat.J to turn to ice. 
 
 CONGLACIA'TiON, S. the changing 
 jntoice; the (late of a thing changed into 
 ice ; vitrifving, or tutr.ing into gljfs. 
 
 To CONGLQ/BATE, V. A. langLbare, 
 Lat. to unite into the form of a globe or 
 ball. 
 
 CONGLO'B.^TE, P rt. [Mfig/obatusM^.'] 
 iroulled into « \i^]\. 
 
 CONGLO'BATELY, Adv. in a globular 
 round, or fphtrica) form. 
 
 To CONGLO'BE, V. A. \congl)bn, Lat] 
 to gather into a hrm lour.d bjil 5 to gathei 
 jn a round mafs. 
 
 To CGNCLOO-IERATE, V. A.lconglo 
 meratiim, fupme of conglorneri'j to gather leve- 
 ri) thlrieS into a round mafs. 
 
 CONGLO/MERATE, Par', Iconglomira- 
 tus, Lat.j g.-ttnered into a round ball and 
 inafs, fo ih^it the compounJinp bodies appedr 
 diftinft. Figuratively, twilled or colietf^ei 
 together. '< The bedims of I'ghi, when^ow 
 glomera't." Bac. 
 
 CONGLOMERATION, S. [from con- 
 glomerate] a collciling into a loofe rounJ 
 ball ; iiitcrweavine, i.r inixture. 
 
 ToCONGLUTlNA TE, V. A.[ccnglu- 
 t'lnatum, fupine of anglutino] to glue, cenricnt, 
 or join faft together uy anv vifcout, ftirking. 
 or glu;inous fubftj/ice. Neutcrly, ro frick or 
 cohere together, 
 
 CONGLUTINA'TION, S. the aft of 
 flicking K.feiher ; the a£t of uniting and 
 /jflening trie lips of a wound together. 
 
 CONGLU'TiNATJVE, Adj. having the 
 power of flicking together, or uniting the lips 
 pf a wounj. 
 
 CONGLUTINA'TOR, S. that which has 
 the power of making things cohcie, or flick 
 together. 
 
 CONGRA'TUL ANT, Part. f<-,5r^.flra/jr^.r, 
 Lat.J rejoicing with jnoihcr j expteliing euc's 
 rejoicing with another. 
 
 To CONGRA/TULATE, V. A. [from 
 con, and gla'ulatui, L.-;t.J to ex^refs joy on 
 account of the goud fuc^efs or advantage of 
 unother. 
 
 CONGRATULA'TION, S. the »a o' 
 exprf (line joy on account of the fuccefs or 
 hippinelv ot anorhf r ; the form in which joy 
 is «:>^•'^elied for the happmeis of aco'.her. 
 
 CON 
 
 Te CONGRE'ET, V. N. [from nn aai 
 greet] to filutc together, implying the making 
 and returning of a cotrplinnent. 
 
 ToCONGRE'GATE, V. A^cngregafum, 
 Lat.] to colle<ft feveral things into the hme, 
 mafs, or feveral perfo.na into the faine place. 
 Neuterlv, to aff'mb'e, meet, or come together. 
 GONGRE'GATE, Arfj. coneiled clofe 
 together j forming one mafj or body; com- 
 patt. 
 
 CONGREGATION, S. in Phyfics, that 
 degree ol mixture wherein the particles of a 
 fluid meet or touch only in a point ; a col- 
 Irfl.oii or m.ils of feveral p<rtictes. In Divi- 
 nity, an aflembly of people m-t together for 
 lelieious worlhip. In Church Hillory, an af- 
 lembly of feveral ecckfuftics, conftituting 
 and forming a body. 
 
 CONGREGA'tlONAL, Adj. belonging 
 to an afi'embly or congregation. 
 
 CONGR'ESS.S. [corgre[rus,Ltr:.'\ alhock, 
 or conflifl ; an appointed meeting for the fet- 
 tlinj; o'i afljirs between different nations. 
 
 CONGRE'SSIVE, Adj. mceiing together} 
 encountering. 
 
 To CONGRU'E. V. A. [congruo, Lat.] 
 to au'ee ; to fuit ; to imoort j to become. 
 
 CONGRU'ENCE, S.' [congruer.t-ia, Lat.j 
 agreement ; the fiiitableneCs or confiflsncy of 
 one thing to another. 
 
 CONGRU'iTY, S. fitnefs ; fuitablenefs 
 of one thing to another; co/:fiftency. In 
 Geometry, applied to figures or lines, which , 
 meet or correfpond exaftly when applied to, 
 or laid over each other. 
 
 CONGRU'OUS, AHj. [ccngmus, Lat.] 
 agreeable to ; confident with ; luited or pro- 
 portionate. 
 
 CONGRU'OUSLY,Adv. [from congruous, 
 and ly, implying manner] in fu.h a manner 
 as to agree or be confident with, applied l« 
 I'entim^rnts ; Suitably. 
 
 CO'tSllC, or CO'NICAL, Adj. having the 
 form of a cone, fugar-loaf, or round pyramid. 
 Lonic jeEtion, in Geometry, is the curve line 
 arilinij from the feftion of a cone by a plane. 
 Lor.ics, or conic feclUr.s, that part of Geometry 
 w'iiich treats of cones, and the curves arifing 
 from the fedlion f>f a cone by a plane. 
 
 CO'NICALLY, Adv. in form of a cone, 
 or fugar ioaf. 
 
 CO'NICALNESS, S. the ftate or quality 
 which partakes of the nature or properties of 
 a cone. 
 
 ToCONJE'CT, V.N. [conjcHum, Lat.] 
 to guefs at a thing. " Impcrfeftly conje{?i.'" 
 
 CONJE'CTOR, S. one that determines 
 :n a vague manner from uncertain principles 
 or ptemifes ; a goefier. 
 
 CONJE'CTUR ABLE, Adj. being the ob- 
 ject of conjedlure ; that which may be guefied. 
 
 CONJE'CTUR AL, Adj. depending on, or 
 determined fiotn unceitjja principles by mere 
 gucfs. 
 
 CON-
 
 CON 
 
 ilCONJECTURA'LITY, S. that which is 
 
 -inferable only from guefs. 
 
 CON JE'CTUR ALLY, Adv. by guefs by 
 «anjefturE. 
 
 CONJE'CTURE, S. [cor.jeEiura, Lat.] an 
 
 inference drawn from uncertain principles ; a 
 
 £uefs ; imperfect knowledge, idea, or notion. 
 
 To CONJE'CTLRE, V. A. [from the 
 
 sounj to guefs. 
 
 CONJE'CTURER, S. a gnefTer, 
 CONVFEROUS, Aaj. in Botany, bearwig 
 « fruit refembling a cone ; applied to the pine- 
 tree, C^c. 
 
 To CONIOI'N, V. A. to join together; 
 to unite together in ftiendfhip j to knit or join 
 together in marriage. Neuierly, to league or 
 take part with another in any ac'tum. 
 
 CONJOINT, P^^rt. unUed j connefted ; 
 affociate. In Mufic, applied to two or more 
 founds heard at the lame time, 
 
 ■CONJOINTLY, Adv. together j in union, 
 cppofed to apart cr feparate. 
 
 CONJU'GAL, Adj. [conjugalls, Ljt.] be- 
 longing to marriage. 
 
 CONJUGALLY, Adv. confiftently with 
 inirris;;s ; l;ke marrird people. 
 
 To CONjU'GATE, V. A. [conjugatuv:, 
 i-ji^xat ci ccrjugo, Lat. J to unite; to join in 
 marriage. in Grammar, to decline verbs 
 through their various terminations of tenfes, 
 Jerfons and moods. 
 
 CONJU'GATE, S. [coriugatus, Lat] in 
 Grammar, agreeing, in derivation with anotner 
 word, and refembling it in its fenfe or mean 
 jng. Conjugate d':amttsr, or axis, in Coniis, 
 is the ftjorteft of two diameters, bifeiting the 
 ««Jier, or a right line bifefting the tranfverfe 
 diameter. 
 
 CONJUGA'TION, S. Icorjugatloy Lat.] a 
 couple, p«ir, or two things of the lame fort, 
 joined together. " The lixth conjugation or 
 pair of nerves.'' Bto-.on. The aft of uniting, 
 rtf joining things together ; union. in 
 Orammar, an orderly diftribution of the 
 tenfes, perfons, and moods of verbs, accord- 
 ing to their dinrerent teiminations, or in- 
 Seflions. 
 
 CONJU'NCT, Part. [conjunSlu!, Lat.] 
 joined with another ; concurring; united. 
 
 CONjU'NCTION, S. [from «n, Lat. and 
 jiiigsl the uniting two things together. Figu- 
 ratively, a !eagv;e or confederacy. In Aftrono- 
 »»y, the meeting of the fiars or planets in the 
 iaoie degree of the zodiac. 
 
 CONJU'NCTIVELY, Adv. in union, 
 operating together, oppo.ed to apart or fe- 
 parate. 
 
 CONJU'NCTIVENESS, S. the quality of 
 uniting or joining two or rru>re things together, 
 CONJU'NCTLY, Adv. jointly j together, 
 •opofed to apart. 
 
 ' CONJUNCTURE, S. [ccnj^nBure, Fr.] an 
 union or meeting of Icveral circumftance?, or 
 catifes ; a critical or particular periad of time ; 
 ^•nHccliuB of ^ve.'al things focminj; a whole \ 
 
 CON 
 
 confiftencY, or an union of qualities, which ca* 
 exift at the fame time, in the fame or diflcrenC 
 fubjefts. 
 
 CONJURATION, S. the form of oblig- 
 ing a perlcn to give his evidence. See AD- 
 JURATION. Magic words, charafters, ce- 
 remonies, charm", which were luppofed to 
 have the pow£r of raifjng the dead, and devils, 
 and obliging the former to anfwer queftions, 
 and the latter to execute fuch orders as were 
 given them ; a plot ; a conlpiracy. 
 
 To CONJU'RE, V. A. [eonjuro, Lat.J ta 
 intreat a pcrion with the greattit earneftnefs, 
 and by the refpeft he has to fome dear perfon, 
 or facred being ; to bind perf'oni together by 
 a lolemn oath ; to form a confpiracy. " The 
 tliird pait of heaven's fons conjur'ti againfl the 
 higheft.'' To influence by the fuppoicd power 
 ot magic or enchantment?. When ufed in the 
 laft fenfe, it is acceirted on the firfi fyliable, 
 ai:d when in the preceding .'ignifications, on 
 the laft. 
 
 CONJU'RER, S. an enchanter, oro-ne wh» 
 makts ule of magical charms ; an impoftor, 
 who pretends to have commerce with the 
 wovld ot fpirits, and by that means to be able 
 to foretel the future events of a pcrfon's life, 
 to difc^jver thieves, (fc. 
 
 To CONN, [cor.riun, SiX. to know] to learn 
 or get without book ; to give. " I conn yoa 
 thanks." To ftrike with the fift. 
 
 CONNA'TE, Adj. [from con and ratus, 
 Lat.] bern v/ith ; innate; bora at the fame 
 time as anotiier. 
 
 CONNATURAL, Adj. [from con and tta- 
 tura, Lat J ccnfiftent with, or flowing from 
 nature ; ot the fame origin-1 or nature. " Mije 
 with our a7!»(3?u>fl/d:ift." Par. Lofi. 
 
 CGNNATURA'LITY, S. a refemblance 
 of nature ; or an efTential refemblance and 
 conneiftion. 
 
 (. ONNATURALLY, Adv. in furh a man- 
 ner as to be born with, cr innate. " Connatw- 
 rally engraven in the foul." Hale, 
 
 CONN ATUR ALNESS, S. the quality cf 
 being born with, of being imiate or interwovea 
 in Our nature. 
 
 To CONNECT, V. A. [ccnneFro, Lat.] to 
 join together by fome intcrmcoiate means, al- 
 luding to the union formed by cement ; to jvin 
 together the members of a period or the argu- 
 ments of adifcourfe, in luch a maaner, as they 
 fnall have a mutual dependence on each other, 
 like the Lnks of a chain, 
 
 CONN'ECTION. See CONNEXION. 
 
 CONNE'CTIVE, Adj. that which has 
 
 the power of joining diflereiit things together. 
 
 fo as they ma^ have a mutual dependence on 
 
 each other. 
 
 CONNECTIVELY, Adv. jontlyj in 
 union ; having mutual dependence on each 
 other, arifing IroBi union. 
 
 To CONNEX, V. A. [conmxum, fupine, 
 oi conneno, Lat.] to join, link, or fa ft- n lie - 
 vcial things to each^iher, 
 
 CON~
 
 CON 
 
 CONNEOCION, S. ?. relation whereby one 
 tVilng adheres ro and depends on another ; the 
 aifl of fafteiiing things together in (uth a 
 manner that ihey may ftick, as if joined by 
 cement, and depend on each other like the 
 links of a ch.iin j dependence 5 Cdmmerce ^ 
 union, formed by iniereft. In Writing, that 
 which has a relation both to the daufc which 
 precedes, and that which follows ir. 
 
 CONNE'XIVE, Adj. that which has the 
 force of joining or uniting together. 
 
 CONNl'VANCE, S. [See CONNIVE] 
 the beholding or feeing any fault without 
 taking notice of it, or puniihing tlie com- 
 mitter. 
 
 To CONNI'VE, V, A. [con.^i'vec, Lat.] to 
 wink ; to pafs by a fault without taking notice 
 of it, orpunifhing the committer. 
 
 CONNOI'SSEUR, S. [Fr.'from conKsltre, 
 Fr. cognojco, Lat.] one v/no is perteflly ac- 
 quainted with any objedl of knowledge or 
 tafte ; a perleift judge or critic. 
 
 ToCONNO'TE, V. A. to imply ; to fig- 
 Jiify by implication. '" Goo-i, in the general 
 notion of i', ccmm:ei likewle a certain luita- 
 blenefi of it to fomething ellc." 
 
 CONNU'3iAL, Ajj. [connubiarn, Lat.] 
 rela'ing to marriage, 
 
 CGNO'ID, S. [from «ovo?, Gr. and eiJjc] 
 in Geometry, a folid body reiembling a cone, 
 exce;-ting that it has aji ellipfis inftead of a 
 petted circle for its b^fe, 
 
 CON'OIDES, S. [See CONOID] a gland 
 in the third ventricle of the brain, ctlled the 
 pineal gland, from its ret'emriUnce to a piiie 
 apple, and fuppol'ej by Dcs Cartes to be the 
 feat of the foul. 
 
 CONpI'DiCLE, A.dj. rcpro3c!Jngtothe 
 form of a conoid ; refeirblini a conoid. 
 
 ToCONQ^iA'..SATE, V. A. [coKqusf- 
 Jat.m, Lat. J to fliake or agitate with vi'ilence. 
 " Vomits violently contjuafljfe the lungs." 
 JIar. UTcd only bv technlc.il writc-s. 
 
 CONQ^JASSATION, S. [t :om can juaf- 
 fate\ violent motinn 5 sgitation, 
 
 ToCON'QUER, V. A. to :ubduc, over- 
 come, or ovti-.un by fore* of arms : to fur- 
 mount; to get the better of any difficulty. 
 Neuterly, to obtain .the vidory. 
 
 CONCiyi.'ilABLE, A;!j. ea-'y to be over- 
 come, riguraiivcly, eafily fain)Our.ted, ap. 
 plied tn dilTKiihii s. 
 
 CO'N(iyEROR,S.oncwhorurrpountsany 
 diffirulty; one who fuhdui-s oy force of arms. 
 
 CO'NQiTEST, S. [con^t.,u, Fr. (oii^uljlo. 
 Ital.J the ad of luHuinjj by force, of arms; 
 the thing gained by victory j vidoty or fuc- 
 «cfs in arms. 
 
 CONSANGUi'NEOUS, Adj. {confjn^ui- 
 r«;5, Lat.] neirofkinj of the fame "bbod ; 
 related by birth. 
 
 CONSANGUI'NITY, S. [a>„Javguin-ta,, 
 Lat.J relation by bJood-; relation or defcent 
 from one fjther, 
 
 CONSCl'ENCE, S. {con[d(r.tU, Lat.] the 
 
 CON 
 
 faculty or aft cf judging of the nature of otrt' 
 
 adiuns, wtiethcr they be good or evil, imply- 
 ing a ccmpirifon of them with fome ftandardb 
 or moral aftion; the determination cf thff 
 mind with refpeft to the quality of any aftion, 
 al;er its commiiTion 5 the knowledge of our 
 own thoughts, or confcioufnefs ; real fenti- 
 ments ; private thoughts, ufed with in, 
 " Doft thou in (onfcifnce think ?" Shakefp. 
 Scruple or confcioufnefs, ufed with maht, 
 " We muft make a conjciena in keeping the 
 jufl laws." 
 
 CONSCI'ENTIOUS, Adj. [from confaerr. 
 !sa, Lat.] fcrupulous ; examining every thing 
 accoioing to the didtates of conicie-;ce, an* 
 aflim? conformably; exadlyjult. 
 
 CONSCI/ENTiOUSLy,Adv.accordingt& 
 the diiftates of confcience, 
 
 CONSCI/ENTIOUSNESS, S. exadnefs, 
 or tendernefs of confcience ; an excefs of fcru- 
 puloiifneis, 
 
 CONSCFONA^LE, Adj. agreeatle to the 
 didlale? of confcience 5 j.uH. 
 
 CONSCI'ONABLENESS, S. equ'ty; rea- 
 fonabknefs ; agreeaulencfa to, or confiltency 
 with, the ciifliUes of confcience. 
 
 COMSCI'ONABLY, Adv. in a manner 
 agreeable to tnedidatcs of confcience j juftlyj 
 reafunibly. 
 
 CONSCI'OUS. Adj. [cMfiius, Lat.] to Be 
 inwardly I'enllble uf a tiun;:, whereof it is pof- 
 f:ble to have a diftincl iuea. Knowing Irom 
 rccolle^lion or .-ncmory ; knowing or under- 
 ftanJng ; bearing witncfs ',f, or fenfible of, 
 trom the iniiigation^ of confcience. 
 
 CONSCi'O'JSLY, Adv. fenfibly ; or hav- 
 ing the Iciif.ition of the operation of ibme fa- 
 cultv of ilie mind. 
 
 CUN5CI/OUSMESS, S. the perception or 
 fenfatuin of what paliVs in a man's own mind j 
 an internal acknowledgment or I'enfc of guilt, 
 or oi hawing performed any particular adlion. 
 
 CO'N SCRIPT, Part. [confm/^t-M, Lat.J 
 written or regiitered. Applied to the Roman 
 fatherJ or fenators, whole names v.er.: regiller- 
 ed in the lift of tlie fcnate. 
 
 CONSCRI'PTION, S. Iconfcriptio, Lat.] 
 an enroU\ng or rsgilletirg. 
 
 To COfJSE'CRATE, V. A. {co7:[icrr.tuvt, 
 Lat.J to dedicate or ht apart to divine ufes ; 
 to landti.'y or prefcrice, as pleifing to the 
 Deity. "A new and living way which he 
 hiS conftcrat-.d'iov u-;.*' //»/>. x. 20. 
 
 CONSECRA'I E, Part. [cor.Jscrci:ui, Lat.J 
 fct apart fur divine ufes j dedicated tv> thefer- 
 v^cc of God ; facrtd.' 
 
 CONSRCRA'TER, S. the perfon who 
 performs the rites by which a thing is appro- 
 priated to divine ufi:5. 
 
 CONSECRATION, S. the ad of appro- 
 priating, vle''iciting or felting apart any com- 
 mon or profane ihii g to leligious uffs, by 
 means cf certain ceremonies or ilci ; tba 
 benedidtio.a of the bread aad wine in the 
 ficram««t. 
 
 CONSE.
 
 CON 
 
 €ONSE'CTARY, Adj. [anftaarius.Lit.] 
 following as a confequence. 
 
 CONSE'CTARY, S. [from the Adjeftive] 
 a propofition which tollows trom fome preced- 
 ing definition, lenrna, axiom, or the like. 
 
 CGNSE'CUTION, S. [ccnfccutio, Lat.J a 
 chain of confequences ; fuccefnon. In Artro- 
 nomy, the mcKth of confecuticn, is ihe fpare be- 
 tween one conjundtion of the moon with the 
 fun to another. 
 
 CONSE'CUTIVE, Adj. [confecuiif, Fr. ] 
 following in an uninterrupted fucceffion j fol 
 lowing, immediatelv fiic.-eedir>g. 
 
 CONSECU'TIV^ELY, Adv. after, or fol I 
 lowing as 2n eflefl. 
 
 CONSE'NSION, S. [conjenfio, Lat,] agree- 
 ment ; accorci. 
 
 CONSE'N r, S. [confenfus, Lat. canfentment 
 Fr.J the ift of yielding, cr compliance wi-h 
 a requtft ; agreement ; unity ot fentiment j 
 harmony, or a°reeffienr of parts. 
 
 To CONSE'NT, V. N. [confentir, Fi. fon 
 fentie, Lat.] to a^ree to ; to promote the Un.e 
 end; to yield or comply with a rcqucft ; to 
 permit. 
 
 CONSENT A'NEOUS, Adj. [ccnff-.ta^ 
 netis, Lat.] agreeable or fuitable to j confiltent 
 with ; becoming. 
 
 CONSENTA'NEOUSLY.Adv. in a man 
 ner agreeable to 5 conhftent with, or fuitable 
 
 to. 
 
 CONSENTA'NEOUSNESS, S. confiA- 
 cnce ; or agrceihlenefs. 
 
 CCNSE'NTIENT, Pitt. [corifentie»s,L3t.] 
 univetf'-l J unanimous ; genera! j agreeing, or 
 uni'cd in opinion. " The authority due to the 
 sonjentler.t judgment and praftice ot the uni- 
 vcrfal church." Cxfvd Rejfons. 
 
 CONSE'QUENCE, is. [Fr. ci.rS:quertUa , 
 I>at.] the relation or c •nn-'eli n between twa 
 proaofitionSjWheieof one follows or is deduced 
 from the other ; that which follows from or 
 is produced by any caufe, or p inciple ; 
 event, eft'e^, importance, moment, or con- 
 cein. 
 
 CONSE'QUENT, Part. [Fr. conjequcm, 
 Lat] (bilowkng from fome premifes, applied 
 to argument. Following as an eflctt. 
 
 CONSE'QUENT, S. the lift p.opofition of 
 an argument, or enthymcn, deduced from or 
 included \n. fome preceding propoiition ; the 
 propofition which contains the tondufion ol 
 an argument ; an efteft, or thrft which pro- 
 ceeds from the operation of sny cau''e. C'on- 
 jeqitent of a ratio, in Arithmetic, is the 
 litter of the two terms, or th.^t to which the 
 antecedent is referred : thus in j, 1,01 a Xo b-. 
 b is the confetjuerit, and ct the antecedent, 
 
 CONSEQUENTIAL, Adj. [irom ccnji- 
 fuens, Lat.] produced by .n necellary chain of 
 taufes and eft'efts deduced according to the 
 lules of reafon or logic, 
 
 CONSEQUE'NTIALLY, Adv. deducing 
 sonfequences, or raaking infsrencej accyrding 
 
 CON 
 
 to tfif rule? of t-eafon or loeic ; by conf;!- 
 qiierce ; eventtiaUy j in 4 regular fcries, 
 
 CONSEQ^^r'NTLY,Adv,bycopiequenceJ 
 necefurilyj inttvitauiy, from a neccfiary con- 
 nection of eficcis to tlicir caufes ; in confe- 
 quence. 
 
 CONSE'RVAPLE, Adj. [c^rfir-vo, L=t.] 
 capahle of being pr. t'crvcd or kept. 
 
 CONS ;••'?. V,iNCy, S. [,onfer^ an,, Lzt.] 
 appUfd to the courts held by the lord-may, r, 
 lor ihe piefervation of the hihcry on the river 
 Tbam-s, wf.ich a-rc ftiiea courts of confer-vanry. 
 
 CONSERVA'TIGN. S. ff5B>T/<;/w, Lh'.J 
 the jct c.t piefeivirig bodies or fyftcHis I'rom 
 corruption or decay. 
 
 CONSE'R VATlVE, Adj. [from conftrt-j' 
 ri/i, La;.] having ihe power oi .keeping from 
 coriuDtion or dec3V. 
 
 ■ CONSERVA'IOR, S. [Lat.] one who 
 prefcrves from corrupuon or decay ; an cfScer 
 eftjbiifl-.ed for tlie preservation or ths privi- 
 le^eft granted fome cities ; or a j.'trfon who is 
 authorized to detrrniine dlfierences arifiug 
 lie' ween lite citizens. Cor,j'tr--ator cf tie ptijce, 
 wdS onr v.ho had an efpecial chari^e, by vuiua 
 of bis rfHce, to fee ihe king's pe.ice keot. 
 
 CONSE'RVATORY, S. [tmm co,:Jerra. 
 /»i, Lat.J a place wherein any tliing i.- krpt 
 in a manner fuitable to its nature, as fiih in 
 a pond. 
 
 CONSF/RVATORY, Adj. having the 
 power of preferving a thing from eorruptlo/i 
 or decay. 
 
 CO'NSERVE, S. a fweetmeat made by 
 boiling fruit in clarified fugar. In Phar- 
 macy, a medicine in the forgi of an eledlu.iry, 
 m'dc of the leaves of iLuvers, be.»t with fut'ar 
 in a mortar J a place to keep and preferve v,-- 
 ^etal'ies in. " Set liie pots into your corjiri/e." 
 Efe'-;r.. 
 
 CONSE'SSOR, S. [La-.] one who fits 
 w.th ano'her. 
 
 To CONSI'DER, V. A. [«n/rfV.s, Lat. 
 cor.fifUier, Fr.] tu think, much on a thing ; 
 tu revolve i>tien in the mind ; to meditate on. 
 " 1 will confJer thy tcflimonies." Pjolmcxw, 
 95. To \iew with atter.tlon. " Wiien iter,- 
 f.dcr the heavens." PJal. viii. 3. To de- 
 termine or refolve a tcr weighing the confe- 
 quences ot an adVion. " Conjidtr what ye h^ve 
 to do." J'-idgci xviii. 14. To remark \ to 
 cnll to miiidj to oblervc. *' Cerjidir the 
 ravens " Lnhe xii. 34. 
 
 CCN.Sl'DERABLE, Adj. [from conjidtr'] 
 that which is worthy of noicc, regard, or 
 attention; important ; valuable ;refpe£\ab!e ; 
 large or conveying a fenfe between little ao>) 
 great. " He p»id in a confidtrabk fum," 
 Clartnd. 
 
 CONSI'DERABLENFSS, S. importance J 
 valiie;di2ni'v;equali!y which claims our notice, 
 
 CON.>>FDERABLY, Adv. in ad greede- 
 fcrvlrg fomc, thougli not the higheil notice } 
 in a great decree. 
 i^ CON-
 
 CON 
 
 CONSPDER ATE, Adj. [corifiJsrjfwsM^.] 
 ferious; giwi to confideration or thought ; 
 prudent ; pityine, or moderate. 
 
 CONSIDE'RATION, S. [Fr from con- 
 fidtraUo, Lat.J tbe a£t of thinking ori ; ma- 
 ture thongi^t or deliberation J meditation; an 
 equivak-nt. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONSO'LABLE, Adj. that which admitt 
 comfort. 
 
 -Ij) CONSO'LATE, V. A. [«^/o/«fw, of 
 co»J(.!gr, Lat. j to allay the fenfe of mi'ery ; ta 
 ailuaee forrow ; to impart comfort. 
 
 CONSOLATJON, S. [Fr. {, om co»f»/atio, 
 Lat.] that which diininilhes grief, and aUe- 
 
 CONSl'DERER, S. one who employs his j viatt-s miiery ; comfort. 
 
 thoughts on any fubjeft ; a thinker 
 
 To CONS/GN, V. A. [corr/igno, Lat. cen- 
 Jigner, rr.J to transfer on-'s property to an- 
 other. Ill Commerce, to i^tni goods, or direft 
 tfaem to another. Figuratively, to commit or 
 cntriift, ufed with to. " The four Evangelifts 
 ^oiifigned to writing." Add'j. " Conjlgr.ed the 
 youthful confcrt :o his c.ire." Pofe, Nsutcrlv, 
 to yield, fuhmit. or refjgn. '' Cor.fign to thee." 
 Sbak. To confent, or fubmit to. " A hard 
 condi'ion for a maid to confign to^ Shakfp, 
 
 CONSIGNA'TION, S. [Fr.] the -d. of 
 transferring property to another. In Com- 
 naerce, the traafmitting or fending goods to 
 another. 
 
 CONSFGNiMENT, S. [from configrt] the 
 a£t of (rausferring ; the writing by which pro- 
 perty is transferred, or goods lent to another 
 to be fold. 
 
 To CON.SI'3T, V. N. [conjljlo, Lat. con- 
 Jifitr, Fr.J- to fubfif}, or be pre.''erved in ex- 
 iftence; to continue in the lan-.e ftate; to be 
 compriied or contained ; to be compofed ; to 
 agree or exift in the fuLje£i ; to fubfift, or 
 have being. 
 
 CONSFSTENCE, or CONSI'STENCY, 
 
 CONSOLATOR, S. a comforter. 
 To CON.iO'LE, V. A. [corfokr, Vr. 
 (aiffrar, Lat. J to cbear j to comfort j to ielTen 
 the fenfe of mifery ; to diraimfli a peri'on'* 
 grief. 
 
 C0NS0;LER, S. the perfon or thing 
 which adminifters comfort. 
 
 CONSOLI'D.XNT, Part. [Fr.J in Surgery, 
 having the property of doling or uniting 
 WJunds. 
 
 ToCONSO'LIDATE, V. A. to fotm into 
 a compaft or hard body ; to harden. Neu- 
 terly, to grow, fifm, hard, or (olid. 
 
 CONsOLIDA'TIOiSr, S. [Fr.J the act of 
 uniting into one mafs ; the ad of uniting two 
 parlimcntary bills together. 
 
 CONSO^'NANCE, or CON'SONAT^'CY, 
 S. [c6r.fonar.ee, Fr. conjonar.s, Lat.] in Mufic, 
 the lounding of two notes to^ethir ; or the 
 union and agreement cf two founds. Figu- 
 tailvely, confiftsncs or agrsemenc of opinion 
 or fenttments. 
 
 CONSO'NANT, Adj. [Fr. confonan,,Ln.} 
 agreeable ; confiftent ; according; reconcile- 
 abic. 
 
 CONSQ/NANT, S. [confonante, Fr.] in 
 
 S. the natural ftate of bodies ; the degree of j Grammar, a letter which cannot be perledly 
 thicknefs or thinnefs, applied to fluids ; fub- j founded by itfelf. The Hebrew divifion of 
 ftance J uniformity of appearance, aflion, or j the confonants into fuch as are pronjunred 
 qualities ; fres fratn contradiction, or variety. | by the throat, tongue, palate, teeth, and lipj^ 
 
 CONSISTENT, Part, [conj-fiens, Lat.j is reckoned the moll accurate, and generaily 
 not contradidfory j not oppofite j reconcile- followed by thofe who have wnhen on this 
 able ; agreeing ; firm, or folid. . fubjeft. 
 
 CONSl'STEN-i'LY, Adv. in fuch a man- j CONSONANTLY, Adv. in a confifteat 
 ner as to imply no con tradition J agreeably 3 manner ; fuiiably ; agreeably, 
 uniformly. CONSCN'ANTNESS, S, 
 
 CONSISTO'RIAL, Adj. [from c»nJiJ}ory'\ 
 relatMig to fome court where an ecciefiaftic is 
 judge. 
 
 CONSISTO'RY, S. [conf,jiorhm,\o\'^ Lat.] 
 a court conliiling of ecclehaffics ; the place 
 where an eccleiiaffic court is held 5 a court 
 held at Rome, confifting of cardinal.s.at which 
 the pope is prefident. Figuratively, any 
 folemn aHembiy. 
 
 CONSO'Cl.aTE, S. [conf:jt\atus, La^] one 
 who joins with another in an undertaking ; 
 an accomplice. 
 
 To CONhO'CIATE, V. A. [confodatum, 
 lupine of anfcrio, Lat.] to unite, or join two 
 things together; lo cement, or hoii togrther. 
 Neuterly, to unite, or join with. " Coifoci- 
 atirg into the huge condenfe bodies of plants." 
 Bentl. 
 
 CONSOCIA'TION, S. an allianc, or 
 coontxion ; intimacy, or unlorj. 
 
 the quality of 
 agreeir7g with ; confiflency. 
 
 CONSO'NOUS, A^j. [conjoms, Lat.j 
 agreeing in found ; harmoiiiwus. 
 
 CO'.VSORT, S. [cofifors, Lat.j a com- 
 panion, generally applied to C^nify one who 
 bears the jot alfigned byProvidence to another, 
 and appropriated to a perfon joined in marriage 
 to another ; a melody lormed by fevea! inftni- 
 ments playing the fame tune, perhaps corrupt- 
 ed from ccncert. 
 
 To CONSO'RT, V. N. [from the noun] 
 ro unite, join, or alFociate, followed by luiib, 
 Adively to join, or to marry ; to mix, to ac- 
 company. 
 
 CONSPICUI'TY, S. [from coy,fi,icuous\ 
 brightnefs ; eafinefs to be feen even at a dif- 
 tance ; the plainncfs of any truth or propoli- 
 tion. 
 
 CONSPICUOUS, Adj. {eonfpicuut, Lat.] 
 
 3a!jr ti* be feen ; tt be fcca at a Oirtance. Fi- 
 
 juraiivelf.
 
 CON 
 
 G O N 
 
 •Tirl now the refi.lenre of the Grand Signfoi*. 
 It ha5 it's fume from the Hni ChiiHUn empe--. 
 lor Conftantire, who, in 330, m.ide it the Icdi; 
 of the Roir.dn empire in me E. and it con- 
 tinued 10 till 1453, when the Turks tcok it 
 ■iiler a fiily four yeais fiege; fince wl.i h time 
 >t has been ilie fcAt of their empire. Like old 
 Rome, it flaIl.^3 on feven hill? ; hence I'ome- 
 tin-iss called New Rome. -It is moll delight- 
 fully fit L'3ted, in the lorm of atriargloj on 
 on fide of which is ihc main hnd, and on the 
 other two tlie ft-a; for on the S. is the fca of 
 Mnmora and the Htilefpont j or> the E. is the 
 outlet ct the Black Sea ; and on the S. is the 
 very large and conim^idious haibour^formed hy 
 a canal from the S'.reights reaching inland to- 
 wards the N, W. '1 he fortifications on the 
 land fide ate ar.ri.jue and ruinous, 'ihe ap- 
 pearance of the ci^y, when viewed out of it:, 
 is like that of «n amphitheatre, but in it the 
 prolpcift is much huir. The city is uncom- 
 monly large, and has twenty two gate?, of which 
 (x are towards the land fide, and fixteen to- 
 wards the fea, hut with extremely narrow, flip- 
 pery , and fttep flreets. The h^uTes arc moftly 
 nl wood ijiJ moriar, and low buik, but full 
 of inhabitants. ThegenteeleA houfcs are in 
 thofe places where there is not fuch a concourfe 
 of people,and where the city is leaft inhabited j 
 and themoflconfiderable buihUngs are without 
 the city, epon the harbour. The imperial pa- 
 lace, or I'era^lio, which (lands in the city, on 
 the point of thetrianjle, towards thecanal and 
 harbour, together with the gardens, takes up 
 about a mile and a half in circuit: it is rathc^ 
 a ;ollc£lion of feveral palaces and apartments, 
 loined together, according to the fancy of ihe 
 (iiliercnl emperors, than an unilorm ftJu£Vurc.' 
 It is covered with lead, as are all the other pa- 
 laces of the Siiltan. Its principal entrance is of 
 marble, and calleii the Porte (in TutkifhCapi) 
 whence the denomina'ion of the Ottoman 
 Porte is givcn to the Turkifh empire. In the 
 fi\i\ court is liie infirmary and mint; in the 
 Icccn^ is the divan, or great council-chamber, 
 
 gurativcly, eminent, fan'.ous, diflinguiflied 5 
 cifily diicovered ; mani^^eft. 
 
 CONSPJ'CUOUSLY, Adv. eafily to, be 
 fetn ; or difcerned by the light ; remarkable 
 for fome excellence; eminently j famoufly ; 
 remarkably. 
 
 CONSFl'RACY, S. [conf/iiratio, Lat. 
 (cnfpirat'-Dn, Fr.j a private agreement between 
 two or more perfons to commit foms crime ; 
 a plot. 
 
 CONSPI'RANT, Part, [confphar.s, Lat.] 
 joining wUh another in a plot, or oiher bao 
 defign. 
 
 CONTSPIRA'TION, S. [co-S^-Wath, Lat.] 
 Sec CONSPIRACY, wliich is moft ufed. 
 
 CONSPi'RATOR, S. [from corfpho. 
 Lat.] one who has ftcret'.y engaged to carry 
 on a plot, or fon^e bad r.el-.gn with another. 
 
 To CONSPl'RE, V. N. [conjplro, Lat. 
 nrfpirer, Fr.] to enter into an agreement with 
 others 10 carry en a plot, or other bad defign. 
 
 CONSPl'RING.J'att. [from confp'ne] tend- 
 ing mutually to produce one defign. In Me- 
 chanics, covfp'inug f ewers are fuch as do not 
 
 2k{\ in dirtftions oppofiie to each other. 
 
 CO'NSl AELE, S. [conneta'-Ie,Yr. ccrfOa-' 
 
 hile Ital. from coma Pahuli, Lat. m»!ti:r of 
 
 the horfe, or cur-.rirg, kinp, zndjiahle, F.ng.l 
 
 The lord high corf able was an officer who had 
 
 the care of the peace of the kingdom in deeds 
 
 of arms, and matters of war. The firft car.JiaHc 
 
 •was created by the Conqueror, and the office 
 
 continued hereditary, till the 13th of Henry 
 
 VIII. who laid it afide, as being both formi- 
 dable and troublefome to him. From thtfe 
 
 magiftrd'es were derived the conJlaHa of hun- 
 
 <^rcds, two of which were ordained by Edward 
 
 I. to be chofen out of eveiy hundred, tor the pre- 
 
 fervation of the peace. Thefe are called r.ow 
 
 bigb corfiabks, becaiife increafe of people and 
 
 crimes have given occaficn for ofTicers of the 
 
 like nature, in every tcv;n, calhd petty corfla- 
 
 hits, Befides, the confiahki of the Tower, of 
 
 Dover-caf>le, and of the caftlc of Caernarvon, 
 
 are propetly governors of thofe caftles. Tb o-vtr- 
 
 runthe covjlahli, is to fncnd more than a man I together with the kitchen, treafury, and fta- 
 
 is worth, and feems derived from cotiiejidtic, 
 Fr. a fettled or ftatfd afCount. 
 
 CO'NSTABLESHlP, S. the ofS-e of a 
 conflable. 
 
 CONSTA'NCY, S. [c^rfjar.tia, Lat. cor.- 
 fcr.ce, Fr.] a ftate which admits of no change 
 or alteration, opaofed to n:u(ah\Uty\ confift- 
 ency j refolutiun ; flcadinefs to any princii'le in 
 fpite of thieats, danger?, promiles or rewards ^ 
 a firm, an inviolable a'tachment to a peiftn, 
 including an unalterable afieclion, veracity, 
 or the confiftency of a narrative with the na- 
 ture cf things. 
 
 CO'NSTaNT, A-j. firm, ftrongly and 
 immoveably attached to any principle or per- 
 fon ; afTiduOLS. or without inlermifTion. 
 
 CONSTANTi'NOPLE, S. theancieniBy- 
 zantium, by the Turks called Iftamhol. It is 
 the capital ol Romania, in European Turky, 
 
 bks j and contiguous to the divan, towards 
 the N. is what is proj'erly called the Seraglio ; 
 through a cov.-red gallery one enters into the 
 emperor's mjgr.iticent chamber of audience, 
 where the throne fJind.': thus far ambafladors 
 are allowed to coir.e, hut flraneerS mufl go no 
 farther into the fcr.itlic. Between the two 
 mofques of Sultan Solyman, and Baj;!zet, is 
 ihe old impeiial fersglio, where the wives of 
 the decealed emperor are fnut up. The palaces 
 of the prelent Turkifh nobility have nothing 
 remarkable on the outfide, but v;ithin they 
 are richly and elegantly decorated. Among 
 the mofques, that of St. Sophia, once the 
 metropolitan church of the Chrifiians, is the 
 moil; m.ignificent, and rr..nds oppofits to the 
 main entrance of the imperial palace. Thii 
 was formerly not only highly prized by Chrr-i 
 ltiins> but is l"o now likswile by the Turk*,
 
 CON 
 
 rb which !he Sultan reforts every Friday. It 
 was built hy the emt^eror (iiftinian, having 
 extenfive domes or ctipuias. Its pavement, 
 Wails, anH jr^'ileties, are cuvereJ wilh maible; 
 here are alio great niimbeis of pillars of the 
 fame materislf, likewife of porphvry and li- 
 pyptian grmats. It is Taid to have every day 
 an income of io,ODO guiidcrs, and it can irjuite 
 comm'idi iiidj bold j 00,000 per Tors at once. 
 Round it are ihapsls that fervc for biiryiig- 
 Jjiaces to the irtiperial family. Befidt-! tj-is, there 
 are feveral other beaiicrfij irofq'ies. Elere the 
 Creeks have 'hirty churches, thci Armenians 
 all.) feveral, the Catholics have Tome tew, and 
 the Svvediih ArrtbalLidor is allowed a Luihcran 
 shurch. 
 
 CO'NSTANTI.Y, Adv. in ^^n Invariahle, 
 confifter.t, or unalterable nidij,ierj without 
 teafine : perpetually. 
 
 ToCONST'ELLATE, V. N. [conf.cHafui, 
 T-at.j to fhiiie wit:h a colJefted lultfe, ux ge- 
 hers! liijht. 
 
 COiVVrE'LLATION, S. [Fr.] an af- 
 femblageof fsveral ftars which appear ne.j one 
 another, and are called by the name of fom 
 animsl, ri^uratively, an aflembla-e of feveial 
 liifrres, or excellencies, which adorn and irra- 
 diate our foecies. 
 
 CONSTERNA'TIOM, S. [Fr. from .c;,- 
 flfrnatiQ, Lat.] amazeTi-int, or w.Tndcr, occi- 
 lioned by fome unexpefled, great, jiid noble 
 obica. 
 
 ToCON'STI'PATE, V. A. \co>iil]paium, 
 fripine oi canjiipo, 1-at.] to croud together, or 
 leiuce into a narrower corhpafbj to thicken 
 any fluid body ; to fhut up, or flop any 
 Jalia^e. In Phyfic, to bind or render cof- 
 tive. 
 
 CONSTIPA TION, S. [from the verb] the 
 aft ot croudiiig into a nairow compals ; the 
 forcing the particles of a body clofcr than they 
 were before; the aft of thickenih;?, applied to 
 fluids J floppjge or obftruftion caufed by full • 
 iiefs; coftiveiiefs. 
 
 CONST!'' rUENT, Adj. [Fr. conputnt, 
 Lat.j that which makes any thing be what 
 it is ; efT^nrial ; oiitinal; necelldry to llie ex- 
 iftencc of a thing; that of which anything 
 Confifts, or is compoferf. 
 
 CONSTi*TUENT, S. [cwptw.nt, Fr.] the 
 perion or thinji which contriSutes to the for 
 
 CON 
 
 [the particular te.\ture of the parts of a body } 
 the habit or tempframent of the body, arifing 
 from a pecuhar difpolition and quality of its 
 parrs ; temper of mind ; an eftabhfhed form of 
 government. 
 
 COKSTITUTIONAL, Adj. [from conp]- 
 tut'wn'^ fiowinu from the particular tc.mpera- 
 menr or habit of a perfnn's ho.iy. or from the 
 peculiar tempetand difpofitiorl of his mind; im- 
 planted iii the very nar-jre of a thio'j; ; conf:ft- 
 eiit wi'h the for m of gnvc nment ; legal. 
 
 To CONSTRA'iN, V, A. {conuaimln, 
 Fr.] 'to force i. perfon to pcrtorm or rcirairi 
 ;rorn fome aftion ; to violate; to ravilh ; to 
 confine, including the idea of fo'ce or pri-flure. 
 " Ho* the ftiait flays the fUnder waift con- 
 flrii'u'?'"' Gay. 
 
 CONS Til A'llvr ABLE, Adj. liable to forcft, 
 or compuliion. 
 
 CONSTRAI'NER, S. thfe petfon that 
 forces, yr compels. 
 
 C-OMSTRAJ'I^T, S. the aft of over ruling 
 tile will or defire; compulfion or force; con- 
 finement. Ficurativrlv, referve. 
 
 To CONSTRl'Cf, V. A. \cor>Jlnaim, of 
 corjlrin^o, Lzt~\ to contraft Or bind clofe; to 
 rraiv the paits of any thing clofer to each 
 other; to cramp, 
 
 CONSTRFCTION, S. [cor.pnah, Lar.] 
 the drawing the parts into a narrower compafs, 
 ur clofe toiiether ; contra£iion. 
 
 CONSTRrCTOR, S. ' [Lat.] that whicli 
 contrafts. In anatomy applied tq thofe muf- 
 cles which fhut up clefs fotne of the canals 
 or tubes of the bodv. 
 
 To CdNSTRFNGE, V. A. [conft/wgo, 
 Lar, J to bind, and force the pirts of a body 
 clofer tigether. 
 
 CONSTRI'JCGENT, Part. [nr:p!rgeni, 
 Lat.j having the quality of binding or making 
 the parts of a body approach nejrer to eacii 
 other. 
 
 To CONSTRU/CT, V. A. [c:nfin,aum, 
 Lat.j to form from different materials j td 
 build ; to compile, to conftitute. 
 
 CONSTRU'CriON, S. [Fr. c^VconjIruBlo, 
 Lat.j the aft of forming from an ailemblageof 
 different things, joined together with art and 
 regularity ; the form' of a building ; ftrufture j 
 the manner in which things are laid together. 
 In Grammar, the ranging or placin^; ihe words 
 
 fnation of a thinjT; one who authovJtcS or of a fentence according to the rulrs, or fo i? 
 
 deputes another to aft lor him ; that vthich is 
 hecelTiry or eil'ential to ttic being or fubdflencc 
 «f a thing.. 
 
 To COMSTI'TUTE, V, A. [corputum. 
 Lit.] to give e.'iidence to a thing ; to g vc a 
 thitrg its particular nature of prr.'perti.s ; to 
 make a thing he what it is. Appliei to 
 Jaws, to ehaft, p.ifs, or efldblifh; to depute a 
 perfon to aft for- another. 
 
 CONSTITU'rER, S. the perfon who 
 apDoinis another to aft for him. 
 _ CONSTiTU'TJON, S. [ii.nJlltuUo, Laf.] 
 the aft of eilablii}fi.n^j difpofipg; p oducLn^ 
 
 to convey a complete meaning or {xinii. Figo. 
 vatively, the fenie, me.;ning, or inteipretaiiofi 
 of a word, 
 
 CO>JiSTRU'CTURE, S. an edifice ; a 
 building; a pile or t'rame compofthd of ff.vral 
 things pla. eti togetli-r witli regularity and art. 
 
 ToCO->J3TRUE, V. A. {c:r,p.ruo, Lat.j 
 to place wordi in the gr imrhafical order, and 
 explain th'ir mer.ning; 
 
 CONSUBSTA'NTI \\., Adj. [from tan 
 ini fuhjlan'ia, Lat.j li.ivinglhe tame fuoflance 
 orellence; of tht f->me kini or nature, ap- 
 plied to tnateri.'l bo-ics. 
 
 S CjN-
 
 CON 
 
 CON 
 
 CONSfUBSTANTIA'LlTY, S. the exift- hv want of nourifhment, or a pre'ernsturi 
 
 fnre ot rnrrf than one in the ume elieiice. 
 
 ToCONSUBSTANTIaTE, V. A. tiom 
 ton inA fuhf ant: a, Lat.J ;o uni;e in one com 
 ir.on fubftaiice or na lire. 
 
 CONSUBSTANTI ATiON, S. the union 
 «f tlie bnc*-/ and bl< od cf Chiiit with the 
 bread, after ronlVcratio;), in tlie I'acroment, 
 acrnrt^inp tr< tht^ Lutherans. 
 
 CONSU'I,. S. [fir ni confuhnJo, Lat.] the 
 title of the chief inagiftrates tt Rome, which 
 were created on the expulTion of the Tattjuins ; 
 they ruled one year ; they WL-reprefiJents in ihe 
 fenate, corhmande>l the armies of the repuMic, 
 and deci-.leii the ditTerence between the citr- 
 zt-ns ; a perfon commifiicncd tojiidge hetwren 
 nitrch.'ilts in foreign p^tts, take care of their 
 in'ereC, and proieft their comnn^rce. 
 
 CONSU'LAR, Adj. {un;ular!s, Lat.] re 
 laMnp or bclor.ci.ig, to a confui j a conjular man 
 is one who ha' 1-ten a confui. 
 
 CONSU'LATE, S. [anulaius, Lat.] the 
 office of a ci^nful ; the lime during which a 
 perfiin e^errifrs the i fiice of ? conlu!. 
 
 CQ/NSULSHIP, S. the offi:e of a ccrful. 
 To CONSU'LT, V. N, {anfulio, L.tJ 
 to dtliberate together. Aiftively, to apj.ly to 
 for advice; to ail with regiird or reflect to ; 
 K) art fo as to pron-:ote forne end. Fipurativrly 
 to ptin c: contrive; to eajinine into the leuti- 
 ilU'iit'! of on ?uth<ir, 
 
 CONSULT A'TION, S, [Fr. of ionfuha- 
 tio, Lat J the aftof tak'ng the advice ot one 
 or more prrfon ; an zlVrmbly of fcverj! perfons 
 meeting together to givethi-ir ojinoni on any 
 f.iSjert. In Msditiiii', applied lo the cdUing 
 in two or more petfons to coiti'ier the difteni- 
 per ot a peri'on, where a fing'e practitioner ii 
 dubious ol his own abilities and experience; a 
 councth 
 
 CONSU'LTF-R, S. one who applies to 
 ano'her for rnuivcl, arivire, or intelligence. 
 
 CONSU'MABLE, Adj that which may be 
 dim mnicd, alli-red, wafli-d, or deflroy.d. 
 
 To CON-iU'ME, V. A. [conjumo, Lat. 
 (vnf timer, Fr. j to wafte, by fepa:attnE; the parti- 
 cles of a boiiy ; to dimjnilh ; to lelien a per- 
 fon's fortune or ;Tion^y by expenci s ; to doif roy. 
 CONSU'MtR, S. one who fpends, walles, 
 er d''ftr.>v-. 
 
 To COXSU'MATE, V. A, [ccnform^ier, 
 Fr.j to prr ec> or finiih ; to complete, or ren- 
 der complete; to end. 
 
 CONSU'MMATE, P.rt. \conf,.'inrKa!us, 
 Lai. J petleil; complete; llniilitri; wuhoot de- 
 fe£l of a/iy ciicuTidance or particular required 
 for its ccnipletion or p rfeOion. 
 
 CONSUMMA'TION, S. [Fr. 'corfunma- 
 t'lo, Lat.] the com;>!etion or conclufi(,n of any 
 zftion or tindcitakiiig ; the rinal dcterminaii- 
 •n of all (hines. 
 
 COX'SUWl'TiON, S. [Fr. o( c:rp„:j:i:o, 
 I-at.j the att of cuiilur.iing, wailing, or de- 
 flio'ingj the Hate of wafting, decaying, or 
 pe)i/}iing. In Mcdkine; a decay t^ccAfione 
 
 ilecay of the body by a gradual waAing of mul- 
 cuhir f..(h. 
 
 CONSU'MPTIVF, Adj. [from corfume] 
 having the cjiialiiy of wafting, confuming, or 
 'ieflroying; difeafcd or affe£led with a con- 
 fumption. 
 
 CONSU'MPTIVENESS, S. a tendency to 
 a confumptlon. 
 
 CONTARULA'TION, .S. [ciKraii^.Wie, 
 Lst.] a joining of boards or pUnhs together J 
 the aft i;f Isyirg a floor. 
 
 CONTA'CTION, S. the oft of joining or 
 touching. " Without corporal con/jiiioii.'^ 
 liro~"r. 
 
 CONT'AGION, S. Ico^ta^w, Lat.] the 
 communic.iting a ai'.eale from one body to ano- 
 ther ; peftilencf, or that which affVdts a pi'r- 
 fon with difeafes by unwholfome e/nuvia. 
 Figuratively, the propiigation of vi-.o, or ths 
 power which vi: e has to propagate itfelf. 
 
 CONTA'GIOUS, Adj. \co»;ag\eufe, Fr.] 
 infeiftirus ; to be communicated from one to 
 another ; applied to the manner in which pe- 
 ftilfntiO dilealesor vices are propagated. 
 
 CONTA'GIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 propagatinga diforder or vice fiom one perl'oa 
 to anolhrr. 
 
 ToCONTA'lN, S. [conther,, L»t. coii'e- 
 ?/;r, Fr.j to include any fluid viiihin its fides, 
 applied to a velfel ; comprized, applied to 
 writings. Figuratively, to reftrain or keep 
 within bounds. Neuterly, to be continent 
 or chaf t. 
 
 LONTA'iNABLE, Adj. pomble to be in- 
 cluded within certain bounds j pofTible to be 
 iiichulcd wiihin a veflcl. 
 
 To CONTA-'MINATE, V. A. to defile; 
 
 to pi-llu^e ; lo corrupt by oafe mixture or vice. 
 
 CONTA'MINATE, Part, [contamlnutus, 
 
 L.it.J defiled ; pollu'ed, generally applied lo 
 
 the pi-liution of the marriage bed. 
 
 CONTAlvIINA'TION, S. the aA of pol- 
 luting; theftatecf a thing defiled or pol- 
 luted. 
 
 ToCONTE'MN, V. A, {contemno. Lit.] 
 to defpii'e ; to difregird, to flight, ne^jlecl, or 
 defy. 
 
 'CONTE'MNER, S. one who de'^pifes, 
 fcorns, or h.is a mean opinion of a thing; 
 one wno hears the thre.iis of another without 
 being concerned ; a delpifer ; a fcorner. 
 
 To CONTE'MPER, V. A. \con;e»'.pero, 
 Lat.] to moderate, or allay jsy a mixture of 
 I'ome oponfite qu lity. 
 
 COKTEMPER A'MENT, S. temperaturf, 
 or quality refeonblinf. another. 
 
 To CONTE'MPERATE, V. A. [from 
 contcrrper \ to diminifli any quality by the addi- 
 tion of its oopolite. 
 
 CONTEMPFRA'TION, S [from covtem- 
 perate] the act of IsiTening any qual.ty by the 
 roix urc of a contrary one ; tbe adl of temper- 
 ing, cr moderating J the act of blcndii.'j; tippo- 
 , (aic huoiouxs.
 
 CON 
 
 To CONTE'MPLATE, V. A. fconfev: 
 p'atus, UoTVi conleiaficr, Lar,] to confiorr wiili 
 contini:«d attention anJ application ; to mufe: 
 or think with fir&at attention. 
 
 CONTEMPLATION, S. fludjous orin- 
 tenfe thought on any ful-je£l j the a£l of keep- 
 ing any idea i^roufht ifito the mind, for fome 
 time, aduiily in view ; the employrrent of 
 the thoughts about divine things ; ftudy or 
 ficf.ulation. 
 
 ' CONTEMPLA'TIVE, Adj. given to 
 th: upht ; ftud:cuf ; emplnved in fluiiy. 
 
 CONTE'MPLaTIVEL'Y, Ariv. thought- 
 fully j attentively; with deep attention ; liu- 
 dio: fly. 
 
 CONTEMPLA'TOR, S. [Lat.] one em- 
 ployed in ftudy ; a fiiilrnt. 
 
 CONTE'MrORARY, Adj. [contemporair.. 
 Fr.J living in the fame age ; born at the fame 
 time ; ex fting at the f.'ine point of tiine. 
 
 CONTEMl'O'RARY, S. one who lives ?.t 
 the fame time with anotlier. 
 
 CONTE'MPT, S. [cofjtemptKS, Lat. J the 
 afl ol looking on a thing as an objeft wo'thy 
 of fcorn, and, on account of its meannefs, iin 
 fit for approh:uion 5 the (late of being defpifcd. 
 
 CONTE'MPTIBLE, Adj. wortiiy of fcorn 
 on account of iti viicne^s or infignificapcy ; 
 tlcfpifcd, or thoiij:ht unworthy of notice, 
 given to dcfpife or tontemn. 
 
 C0NTE'MPTH5LENESS, S that quality 
 which rcBderS a thing the objedl of fcorn and 
 contt-mpt. 
 
 CONTE^'MPTIBLY, Adv. meanly ; in a 
 marner dtfervinf contempt. 
 
 CONT'EMPTUOUS, Adj. ufing an info- 
 lent exprefiion of fcorn and difdain, on account 
 nr the meannefs of a thing, whether it be real 
 or im.i^inary. 
 
 CONTE'MPTUOU.SLY, Adv. in a man- 
 ner which expreli'cs a mean and difdainful idea 
 c:th'"r of a perfon or thinp. 
 
 COMTE'MPTUOUSNESS, S, the quality 
 fxpreflivi; of an infol-nt difdain of a thing, on 
 account of is real or fuupoied rueannefs. 
 
 To CONi E/ND, V: N. [con/endo, Lat.] 
 to ftfivc or ftrutgli in oppofition to another ; 
 10 vie with j to debate with warmth j to lup- 
 poit an opinion wt!i pofpivenefs. 
 
 CONIT'NDF.R, S one who oppofes the 
 Opinions of aro'.r.er ; an opponent. 
 
 CONTE'NT, Adj. [io„te,::us,Ln.] fp.tis- 
 fied wiih one's prefent lot, though not plwf 
 ed with it J fubmitting without oppofi- 
 tion. 
 
 To CONTE'NT, V. A. to fatisfy fo as to 
 flop cumplarni ; to confine one's defues to that 
 which is in our ponVfTion ; torellrain our ac- 
 tions wiihin certain lir.its ; to (jive a perlon 
 his demands ; fo as to hinder him fro.Ti mak- 
 ing any morr. 
 
 CONTE'NT, S. a di/poCtion of mind, 
 whereby a pcri'on confines liis Jefires to whjt 
 lie enj'.ys, without murmuring at his lor, or 
 vt.lhing ardently for more. Ufen content^ a 
 
 CON 
 
 commercial pbrafc for on triift._ Arpli;.-! to 
 vvritij.gs cr opin;ons, fuch ,.s are im^h.itltr 
 believed or acquieced in without examination. 
 " The fenfe they humbly take ufon conttnt." 
 Pope. In the plural, that which is contained 
 or included in ai!y veflel, or receptacle j the 
 capnciiy of containing ; the purpart of any 
 writing; ih2 chief rhirgs treated of by any 
 author. *• Th; fi;;:/f;;?5 of both books.'' 
 
 CONTENT A' HON, S. fatijlaftion or 
 content. 
 
 eONTE'NTED, Part, refgned to the dlf- 
 penfjiions of Providence j ijinfird wi'Ii one's 
 prelcn- Ijt, without n".u:muting at its dcttc- 
 ir.en fs, or defiling more. 
 
 CONTE'NTION, S, an oppofition in fen- 
 timeiits or opinions ; a warm elpouf<il of any 
 d.ftrine or inteicft in opi/ofition to o'h'ns ; ea- 
 gcrnef? to bring shout a defign ; < mul.-'.t-.on. 
 
 CONTE'NTIOUS, Adj. inclined to op- 
 pofe (he ftntiments of another ; qujircllome; 
 ii'lgious. 
 
 C ONTE'NTIOUSLY, Adv. out cf a fond- 
 nefs for opr.ofition or coiitr.idiflion. 
 
 CONTE'NTIOUSN'eSS, S. pronenefs to 
 oppcf-, contend, or quarrel with. 
 
 lONTE'NTLESS, Aoj. di(Taii;fi.'d wih 
 one's pr^fent condition ; void of reAgnUion ta 
 the difpenfalions oi Providence. 
 
 CONTE'N 1 MEKT, S. [ccr.'.ertefKsnt, Fr.] 
 full fatislaiticn in prefent enjoyment, without 
 a wi/K for more j plealuie; gratification; o^ 
 delight. 
 
 To CONTE'ST, N. A. [cor.tej^er, Fr.] to 
 difpu'.e ; to oppole sn opi.nion ; to cjU in qoef- 
 tioii ; to contend with a per'on for any rjght, 
 property, or other (ubjeft. Nduteily, to ftrive, 
 contend, vie cr emulate. 
 
 CONTE'ST, S. a difpute, or oppofition of 
 opinions; a difference; a con'roverl'y. 
 
 CONTE'STABLE, Adj. that wnich may 
 be difpu'ed. op]H>ie.d, or controverted. 
 
 CONTE'STaBLENES.S, S. poflibility 
 of brine difauted, or controverted. 
 
 CONTEST.A'TION, S. the aft of opp^if- 
 in;; the fent.ments of another; Ihile ; conui- 
 diifl'on. 
 
 CO'NTEXT, S. \ccr.tcxtu, Lat.] the ge- 
 neral tenor and fcri. s of a d;fcour!'e; tlie p.itts 
 which precede or follow a fintence q'loted. 
 
 CO'NTIiX'l", Part, woven clofe together; 
 interwoven. 
 
 CONTE'XTURE, S. [from cor.text] the 
 peculiar ar.ingemtn.t, crder or ditpofition of 
 the parts of u body; tht: compoficion v%li:ch is 
 forraed ironi an union of various, an.t prcvi- 
 oufly fcpara'c pans ; ccnllitution ; the man* 
 nerin which anv thing is woven or formed. 
 
 CONTlCK.VriON, S [rciz/jr-'ar.-*, Lat.] 
 a frame of be.ims or boards joined together j 
 the ?.<fl of fr.iming or joining the pans ^f a 
 building log-^.thcr. 
 
 CONTIGU/ITY, S. [from cnrnc^untn'] 
 a<ffiul touching; a fituation in which two 
 things t.u.h each oihsr. 
 
 S a CON'-
 
 C O N 
 
 can 
 
 CONTITjUOUS, Adj. [rsnfh^uus, Lat,]' rrom any intermifTion, refpite, paufe or cefia* 
 
 meeting lo a? to touch ; bordering, applied to 
 countries or places, which join. 
 
 CONTI'GUOUSLY, Adv. in luch a man- 
 ner as to touch or join. 
 
 CONTI'GUOUSNESS,S. touching; near- 
 nels, (o PS to touch. 
 
 CONTl'NEXCE, or CONTINE'NCY, S. 
 [continence, Fr. contv.cKtia, Lat. J reftrjint, or 
 a command over our thoughts and paflions ; 
 continuance or uninterrupted feries ; chaftity, 
 CONTl'NENT, Part, [cvulren,, Lr.t ] 
 chafte; refl rained from an immoderate ufe 
 even of lawful pleafures ; contiguous, or join- 
 ed to. 
 
 CONTl'NENT, S . [w^nrnw, Lat.jin Geo- 
 graphy, a large extent of land, containing fe- 
 veral Icii.gdoms not divided by the fea ; that 
 which contains or includes anv thing. 
 
 To CONTI'NGE, V. N. [contingOy Lat.] 
 to touch : to teach ; to happen. 
 
 CONTI''NGENC£, or CONTl'NGEN- 
 CY, S. [from ccmingsm, Lat.j the quality ot 
 being free to exift or not lo trft, applied to 
 future events, and oppofej to tliofs which 
 muft neced'aiilv happen. 
 
 CONTI'NGENl', Adj. [cortrtigens, Lat.] 
 not nerelTarily happening ; cafurl. 
 
 CONTINGENT, S. fomething cafual, or 
 uncertain ; a future event which may or mav 
 liot happen, acceroing as things fhall be cir- 
 cumftanced. 
 
 CONTl'NGENTLY.Adv.in a contingent, 
 ancertain, ra'^uat manner. 
 
 CONTI'GENTNESS. S. tiie quality 
 which denominates an aflion, or future event 
 to be uncertain with regird to its exiftenre. 
 
 CONTJ'NUAL, Adj. >'conii.-:i,us, Lat.] in 
 cefiant; without in'erti;ption,fucceeding,with- 
 out anv refpite or tntermi.^lion. 
 
 CONTI'NUALLY, Adv. without any 
 yiul"e or refpite ; without ceafmg. 
 
 CONTl NUANCE, S. [from corftr::!] an 
 uninterrupted fuccelTion, hab'it, or repeated afl 
 of the fame kind ; abode or dwelling for fome 
 time in the fame place; duration ; procefs of 
 lime ; peifeverance. 
 
 C0NTi'rs7JATE, Adj. {contlruatui,h^t.] 
 intimately, or clofel) ; uninterrupted ; unbro- 
 ken, or inreflanr. 
 
 CONTi'NUATION, S. an uninterrupted 
 ^urceffinn. 
 
 CONTI'NUATJVE, S. an exprefTion 
 which denotes continuation, peimanency, or 
 duration. 
 
 CONTI'NUATOR, S, He that keeps a 
 fucceffion without inC'-.nvption, one who goes 
 on with the work which another his left im- 
 perft(n', or carries it on. 
 
 To CONTl'NUE, V. N. [ccririruer, Fr. 
 rnn!i>:ue, Lat.j to remain with a petfoii; to 
 i.ifl-; to endmv; to unite without any inter 
 vfniig fubftance; to proceed in an acf ion 
 Without inietruptiiin. 
 CONTrNUEDLY, Aqv. in a manner f;«e 
 
 tion ; without cealing. 
 
 CONTl'NUER, L. one who perfe'»es ir\ 
 jny aiHon without interruption or ceafing. 
 
 COKTINUl'TY, S. [corthwras, Lit. J. 
 dofii union ; the texture or cohefion of the 
 parts of an animal body. 
 
 CONTINUOUS, Adj. \contlnuui, Lat,] 
 joined together without any chdfm or interve- 
 ning f(;ace. 
 
 CONTl'NUUM, S. [Lat.] in Phyficr, 7t 
 quantity or coextenfion, vvhofe parts are con- 
 ncifled together, fo as to leave no poflibillty of 
 Oftermining where oue begins, or the other 
 
 To CONTO-'RT, V. A. [contortum, fit- 
 pine of ccniorquco, Lat.j to wreft, twift, or 
 wri'he. 
 
 CONTO'RTION, S. [from contort] the 
 aftion of twilling; the twifting or wrefting of 
 a member of the budy out of its place; the 
 frate of a member that is awry. 
 
 CONTO'UR, S. j"Fr. pronounced ro.vrior] 
 in Defigning and Painting, an outline which 
 limits or determines any figure. The contour 
 of J face, is ufed by the Italian?, for the fea- 
 tures or lineaments. 
 
 CONTRA, Prep. [Lat.] u^'ed in Com- 
 merce, to (igni*\ the fide of an account con- 
 trary to the debt ; t. c. the credit fide. Irj 
 Compoftion, it fignifies cri':trary, or ra^injl. 
 
 CONTRAB'AND,Adj \cont>ahan!la,iu\.] 
 that which is prohibited by the laws of natuie 
 or nations ; illegal. 
 
 ToCONTRA^HAND, V. A. [from the 
 noun] to import prrhibited goods. 
 
 ToCONTRA'CT, V. A. \c:r.traa^,m,(M- 
 pine of cmtra.bo, Lat.j to draw tofietlier ; tn 
 draw into one mafs ; to comprise ; to make a 
 bargain ; to betroth, applied to a compaft be- 
 tween a man and woman; to acquire; to drav/ 
 together; to incur; to obtain; to fhorten ; 
 to abridge ; to reduce to a narrower ccmpafs, 
 Neuterly, to flirink, to grow fhort. 
 
 CONTRACT, S. [from the verb] an a- 
 ereement entered into by two parties; a com- 
 pail: ; the a£l of betrothing; a wrieinit which 
 contains ttie terms or conditions of a bargain or 
 agreemenr, 
 
 CON rRA''CTEDN £.«;.';, S. the quality 
 which denotes a thing to be reduced info a 
 narrower compafs ; narrownefs or fmallnefsj 
 extent. 
 
 CONTRACTI'BILITY, S. the pofTibilitv 
 of being reduced to a lefs compafs by ihrink- 
 ing. 
 
 CONTRA'CTIRLE, Adj. capable of being. 
 reduced to a narrower compals. 
 
 CONTRAC'TIBLF.NESS, S. the quality 
 of being red'tc.'d to a lefs compafs by (hrink- 
 ing, or of fulfsrinc contraiHion. 
 
 CONTR.A'CTILF, Adj. having the power 
 of contra^ing or of {hortening iileit". 
 
 CONTRA'CTION, S. \contrjSh'^, Lat.] 
 she aft pf fliottenine .-> v-r'n'ir^, or reJucinp'
 
 C O Tn 
 
 rti« fubftance of it to lefs compafs ; the jfl of 
 flirinkingor decrecidng in inaKniturie or dimen- 
 <ion5 J the (late ot a tiling fhrunk, Hiriveled, 
 or drawn into a narrower compafs. In Gram- 
 mar, the reducing twofylhbks or vowels into 
 one, as cjni for cann'A. 
 
 To CON rRA'DI'CT, V. A. [centradiaum, 
 La'. J to oppofe or alTert a thing quite oppofite 
 or <ontr3ry to another ; to deny the aliertinn 
 of another ; foopppofe 3 to be oppofKe, or ir- 
 reroncileaKle with. 
 
 CONTRADl'CTER, S. one who oppofes 
 the fentiments ofanothvrj an opponent. 
 
 CONTRADI'CTiON, S. the atrerting by 
 words, that the opinion ot another is falfe j ou- 
 pofition ; inconfiitency ; contrariety j a fpccies 
 of dire£l oppofition. 
 
 CONTRADI'CTIOUS, Adj. inconfiftent, 
 or oppofite j inclined to oppofe, cavil %t, or 
 contra.-licl another. 
 
 CONTRADl'CTIOUSNESS, S. incon- 
 fidence, oppofition, or contrariety. 
 
 CONTRADICTORILY, Adv. inconfift- 
 ently ; in fuch a manner as to be guilty of in- 
 confifTencies fli' contradicfUons. 
 
 CONTRADICTORINESS, S. the high- 
 eft degree of oppofition, applied to truths or 
 ooinions. 
 
 CON 
 
 CON'TR ARIES, S. fpliir.i! of conlrM}'^ 
 propolitionswhich mutually drflroy each otlier, 
 aiiJ cannot both be true at ilie fame time; or 
 oppofites, which beineofthe Lme kind or 
 j common nature, fut. filling by turns in the 
 tame fubjeit, are as remote from each otiier 
 as poffible, and mutually expel each other j 
 luch are whiienefs and blacknefs ; cold and 
 heat ; &c. 
 
 CONTRARIETY, S. [from contrarktas, 
 low Lat ] oppofition 5 iiiconfiftency ; a quality 
 or pofition oppofite to, and delttudivc of 
 another. 
 
 CONTRA'RILY, Adv. in a manner oppo- 
 fite to, incciifident, or irreconcileable with ; 
 differently ; in oppofite directions, 
 
 CONTRA'RINESS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing oppoleH to, or inconfillenc with. 
 
 CONTR A'RIOUS, Adj.[«K.VdW//i, Lat.] 
 oppofite; different in the higheft: degree. 
 
 CONTR A'RIOUSLY, Adv. oppofitely ; 
 in contrary or oppofite directions ; in a man- 
 ner inconfillent. 
 
 CONTRA/RIWJSE, Adv. on tBe con- 
 trarv ; in a contrary manner. 
 
 CONTRARY, Adv. [rontrar^tis, Lat] ap- 
 plied to qualities or truths, which are fuch 
 cppofites to one another, that the former can- 
 
 CONTRADl'GTORY, Adj. [contra^lino- 1 not fubfift in the fame Cubjed, and the latter 
 r/aj, low Lat.J opppofjte to, or inconfiltent be true at the fame time; inconfiflent ; dif- 
 irh. agreeing; in an oppofi'e' dirc-Qion, or unfa- 
 
 vour.^ble. applied to the wind. 
 
 CO'NTRARY, S. \cor.ira,ks, \n ihc plu- 
 ral] a thing wbich has qu.ilities oppofite to 
 thole of another ; a nropolition or truth oppa- 
 fite to another. On (be contrary, borro.ved 
 from the commercial phrafe/'errs'.Vr.?, fignific-s 
 on the oppofite fiJe ; or in oppofition to fome 
 thing which has been alledged or offered. To 
 ij-e contrary, to an iiitention or purpofe quite 
 contrary ; againft ; or in oppofition to the 
 performance of'any aftion. " They did it, 
 notv;ithftiudtng ail 1 could fay to the con- 
 rtar]'.'' 
 
 CONTRA-'ST, S. [conf>-aJ}e, Fr.] in Paint- 
 ing and Sculpture, an oppofition or difference 
 between the po'iiion, altitude, &c. of any two 
 fi'^urcs, or the lines whiih form objftt', by 
 me ins whereof tliey cauft a variety, and tend 
 to let oiTcich glher. In Aiciiiteflure, the 
 avoiding of the repetition of the fame ihingii; 
 order to picdfe by va-iety ; as in the gillery of 
 the Louvre, the pediments arc atteriutely 
 arched and angular. 
 
 To CONTR.A'ST, V, A. in r,.ir,tirg, 
 to place in a contrary attitude, (S'c, in or- 
 der to fet off one figure by another. Figu- 
 r.)lively, to fet Ln contrary pofitians ; to fet onr 
 iliing oil", by coupling it with, ei jatroducin^ 
 another. 
 
 CONTRAVALLA'TION, S.rfroin ctn'trm 
 jnd -val/o, Lat. J in F<.itificati(!n, the means 
 'lied by an army to defend themfelves from the 
 allies of a town thry betifge, confifJing of a 
 icnch guarded by a p.vi<ipet, without niuftctt 
 i> 3 , flict 
 
 CONTR ADI'STINCTION, S. [fromon- 
 ■trad'ijiin^uipi^ the explanation or determining 
 the \en(c of a word, by producing c;ie that has 
 an oppofite fignificat'on. 
 
 To CONTRADISTINGUISH, V. A. to 
 diftinguifh or explain by contraft, or producing 
 £ contrary quality. 
 
 CONTRAFI'SSURE, S. in Surgety, a 
 crack or filfure in the ikull, in that part oppo- 
 fite to that wherein the blow was received. 
 
 To CONTR A'! N Die ATE, V, A. [from 
 contra and induo, Lat.] to point out a method 
 controry to the pencral tenor of a difcafe ; as 
 when a vomit might feem advifeable, the pa- 
 tient's being fubjeift to vomiting, fhews, thai 
 it ought bv no means to be D'cfcribe !. 
 
 CONTRAINDICATION, S. [from <:<«- 
 trii'ind'icjte] in Hhyfic, a fymptom, which for- 
 bids that to be done which the main Irope of a 
 dilea^e, at firll thought feems to point out. 
 
 <:ONTRA'MURE, S. {c.'itnnr.ire, Fr.J in 
 tor'ificalion, an out-wall about, or oopofite to 
 ihc main wall of a city. In HuiMing, a wall 
 built betore a partition wall, to iheugihen it, 
 find keep it horn receiving damage Irom the 
 adj.Tcent buildings. 
 
 •CONTRANrTENCY, -S. [from contra 
 and nileiHy Lat,] a contrary rcfiftance, re- 
 ait 00. or a reliiiance to .iny force. 
 
 CONTRATUSFnON, [from coK.'rd and 
 .p'J-.tion] tKe placing oppo6te, or over-ae.iinft. 
 
 CONTRA'RIANT, Anj. [Fr. from .on- 
 .:rarier, Fr.j conir*(iittory ; opp»f«e aad irrc 
 concikable in fenfc. 
 
 7
 
 CON 
 
 ftot of the town, and drawn between the be- 
 fit ger? ?tid the town. 
 
 To CONIRA/VENE, V. A. [from nntra 
 and len'x, Lit.] to oppofe ; toobflruft the per- 
 formance of a thing ; to acl contr. ry to a bar- 
 gain, tontra^l, or agreement. 
 
 COKTRAVE'N'TION, S. [f.om c.rfra 
 tvnf] an oppofi'ion to sny law; a violation of, 
 or jftins cdorrarv to a law. 
 
 CO^^rRAYE■'RVA, S. in medicine and 
 Ei.tiriv. a fpfcies ct bif hwrirt. 
 
 CONERyaUTARY, AHj. ["rom ccurri- 
 h:.te] paying a trib'-ite to the lame per^.m ^ 
 con< urring to promote a defipr. 
 
 To CONTRIGUTF., V.' A. [ccr:ri>-utum, 
 J^at.J to g've or pjy a portion of money towards 
 cairyina; on fome C'!m;ti(in defign. Neiiteily. 
 to prorr.r.io, or be.T a part or fli.ire in tiie pro- 
 tnotini; aov drfian. 
 
 CONERICU'TION, S. the a£l cf paying 
 a ibare of the fxpei!ces required to cairy on 
 jnydtfign;, a fum paid.by a town taken, or 
 in danger of being taken, by an enemy, ti- 
 pff vent its bcji'^g phmdced ; a fum of money 
 cclleifle.! from k-veral persons, 
 
 CONTRI'BUTIVE, Adj. [from ccrtril-ute] 
 that wbich piomot«sany defign incorjiintt on 
 with other thinjs or perfons. 
 
 CONTRi'BUTCk, S. [cortribjtum. Lit.] 
 one who bears a part in the meafures tsksn to 
 accompiil/i any ciefign ; one who pays his fliare 
 towards raifmg a fiiiTi ot money, 
 
 CONTRIBUTORV, Adj.'promotin? the 
 fame cod 5 payiog a fhare towards raifiiig a 
 corrmcn funi, or certain lum. 
 
 CONTRITE, Adj. [fiom contritus, Lat. of 
 cor.tao, Lnt. to bruife] in its primary fignifica- 
 tion, biiiifed, or m'uch worn. In Divinity, 
 forrowf"! for f-n frn-ri a love of God. 
 
 CONTR I'TiOK, S. [comntio, Lat.] in its 
 prinr.ary k"fe, the dft of rubbing two bodies 
 againft eaih other, fo ?s to wear ofl lome parts 
 cf their furfaces. " The breaking of their 
 *' parts in'o lefs parts by contrition.^' Neivtoni 
 Oj-t. ]n Divinity, that fonow for f:n which 
 aiifes frnm the lovr of God and virtue, 
 
 CONTRl'VAELE, Adj. pofi-ble to bedif- 
 covered, or o'.-Mincd by the mird. 
 
 CONTRi'VAMCE, S. [from ccnin-ve] the 
 pu'jefling or planning the moft pofTible me- 
 thods to accomphfh any defign, or attain any 
 en.l. Figuratively, a plan j a fcheme 5 a plotj 
 an artifi-e. 
 
 To CONTRIVE, V. A. [corttrou-^'er, Fr.j 
 to invent, plan, or project the means of at- 
 taining anv end, or accoxplifhing any defign. 
 Ncuterlv. to form, defign, or lay a plot. 
 
 CON TRi'VER, S. an inventer ; a pro- 
 icd^or ; or.e who forms pr'.ijecTs for the attain- 
 ing ai rnd, o- acco.7iplilhing lome d.-fijin. 
 
 (. OK ERO'L, L. \ccni.o'.e, Ft, i. e. icriie 
 rde, Fr. J '.he account kept by a perlon as t 
 check upon another. Figuratively, rcitrjint ; 
 chcvk ; ifVi'er; aiilhori'y; domiiiion. 
 
 ToCONiivO'L, V. A. [itova the nounj 
 
 CON 
 
 to examine the accounts of another by a check 
 kepc a^ainft hm. Figur.uivelv, toreflrain; 
 to keep under reftraint ; to govern ; to over- 
 power : to confiit?, or gainfay. 
 
 CONTRO'l-LABLE, Adj. lijble to be 
 controlW, ov;r-ruled, or retrained j fubje£t 
 to conllraint. 
 
 CONTRO'LLER, S. a perfon who ex- 
 amines publie accounts by a check ; one who 
 his the power of ovcr-ruline, retraining, cr 
 joverniiii the a^ir ns of another. • 
 ^ CONTRO'LERSHII', S. the office or 
 emp'.ovmtnt of' 3 cr>itro!lrr 
 
 CONTROLL'MENT. S. the power of re- 
 ilraining the actions, or active powers ot ans- 
 ther ; oppofition 5 refiflMnce, 
 
 CON'iROVERSlAL, Ai']. \Uot!\ ccvtrc- 
 "■^'trjyl rel<'.ting to dilpute or oppufition of len- 
 iimcn;s ; that which may be difpu'e-*. 
 
 CONTROVE'RSy. S. {eo,itroi,erfia, Lit ] 
 an op|:ofiti(.n of opinions or fintiments, gene- 
 rally applied to difpules carried on with fome 
 warmth in writing or print 5 a fuit at Jaw 
 about the property of a thing; oppofition, or 
 (IruEgiioc aj;ainfl the force ot a thing. 
 
 To COXTROVE'RT, V. A. [c'.ntrcvtrto, 
 Lat.] to oppofe the feniimenls of another in 
 wtiiine. 
 
 CONTROVE'RTIELE, Adj. that which 
 may give occafion to dilpute; that which may 
 be oppofed. 
 
 CONTROVER.TI.ST, S. a perfon often 
 engugeH in difputes wiih authoi<i. 
 
 CONTUMACIOUS, Adj. \contvmaci!,^et' 
 nitive of fowfuw.'jv, Ear.] inlolen'ly obftinate, 
 implying a contempt ot authority, and ail- 
 ing from a fpirit of iniolent oppofition. 
 
 CONTUMA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as fhews an infclert obftinacy, or dis- 
 obedience of lawful authority. ^ 
 
 CONTUMA'CY, S. [contwmcia.l.iu'] dif- 
 obedience of lawful authority, incluJing info- 
 lence, pcrverfenefs, and the highe.1 degree of 
 impudence. 
 
 CONTUME'LIOUS, Adi. Icontumelwjusy 
 Lar. I reproat.hlul ; fuil of poignant and lar- 
 caflic expreflions, including contempt in the 
 uie and intention to aggravate and vex the 
 perfon it is ufed .igainft. Figuratively, a per- 
 fon frequently uting reprcathlul language; that 
 which ocralions reproifch. 
 
 CON rUME'LIOUSl.Y, Adv. in a rude, 
 np'oachful, contemrtunu', orabufive manner. 
 
 CONTURIF./LIOUSNESS, S. tn^t quality 
 which arifes from or denuminates any expref- 
 flons to be rudely reproachful, and abounding 
 wi,h bitteincfs. 
 
 CONTUME'LY, S. [La;.] languaee a- 
 bouniing with the bitteeft c::prtil!ons intend- 
 ed tofuijefta pe'fon to iheiepioach of others, 
 and to render h'm ur.eil'y. Fif.ui.i!iv:ly, in- 
 famy, whiih fii'^jftis a peiKm to the reproaches 
 of others. " Eiernal conn/tt:(!y attend thit 
 guilty liile." yiddij. 
 
 To CONTU'SE, V. A. [.ir.tujlv:, fopine
 
 CON 
 
 pfcontundo, Lat.] in its primary fijinifictlon, 
 to b«af together ; to bruife. In Surgery, to 
 htirt by a blow, ar feme blunt body, 1o &s m 
 diicolo'ir the (kin, by an extravafation of the 
 b'.ood, feff. wiihout breaking it, or deftroying 
 its con'ir.uity. 
 
 CONTU'SION, S. Icontu/o, Lat.] the ift 
 of beating or bfuidng. Figuratively, the efFstl 
 of heating or bruifing. In Med'cine, a hart 
 otcafioned by a fall, or blow from any biun^ 
 weapcn, w"hich by forcing blojd trom foiue ot 
 iht: capillaries, dii'colours the /kin, without 
 cutting it, or defii-oying its continuity. 
 
 CONVALE'SCiZNCE, or CONVALE- 
 SCENCY, S. a iccovcry of health. 
 
 CONVALE'SCENT, F?rf, [con-vaJefcem, 
 Lat.] recovering ; or returning from a difordtr 
 to a fiate of health. 
 
 To CONVE'NE, V. A. {con-vemr, Fr. cct,- 
 •venl'j, Lat] to call togetlier by fiiin:noni j lo 
 allVmble a nuniUer c! perfons into the lame 
 phre ; to fummons to appear, in ,i I.iw fenfe. 
 Neuterly, to rome or afle nble together. 
 
 CONVE'NIENCE, or CONVLNIENCV, 
 S. [ccmJenientia, Lat.] the fuita Icnefs or fit- 
 nefs of a thing to promote anv end; advantage; 
 profit ; eaft; ; or freedom from any o'Diuuc- 
 tion. oitScuhy, oremb rrKfi.iiPnt, 
 
 CONVE'NIENT, Adj. ("Ani'SK'ew, Lat.] 
 f,( ; fiiitable to efteil an end ; proper, or ne- 
 cen"jty j free froffi obfliuftion?. Applied to 
 fjtuation ; commodious ; ft^afon.ible. 
 
 CONVE'NIENTLY, Adv. fuitahle with a 
 ■perfon's cafe, intetefl, or advantage ; commo- 
 cioi.fly; properly. 
 
 CO'NVENT, S. [ro;.'w;/z.s Laf.] an af- 
 iembly of p'.'rfcns dedicating themfelves en- 
 tirely to the fervice of religion, ;nd without 
 any comnnerce with the world ; the place in- 
 habi'cd bv the religious of cither fex. 
 
 CONVE'NTICLE, S. [a diminutive of 
 convfnt'\ an ailembly. Figuratively, a place ef 
 worfliip, generally applied, by waim church- 
 men, to the meetings of non-coiiforini(ls, by 
 way of reproach ; a fecret affembly for the con- 
 tiivance of fon:ie plot, or crime. " Myfelf had 
 " notice of your csnveriticies.'" ■'•hakef. 
 
 CONVE'MTICLER, S. one who frequents 
 private and iinljwfiii aden'.blies, 
 
 CONVF/NTIOK, S. [«,;wn;;-c, Lat.] the 
 coming together ; union ; an allcm'My met 
 tn debate on, or decide any point ; a contrart 
 or agreement for .i certain time, ulcd for a prc- 
 liininary or a definitive treav. 
 
 CONVE'NTIONAI,, Adj. flipulatcd ; ot 
 agreed to by bargain or coniracl. 
 
 CONVE'-NTIONARY, Acj. afting ac- 
 cording to the articles of fome agreement or 
 contract. 
 
 CONVE'NTUAT,, Adj. Iconventucf. Fr.] 
 beloneing to a convent. 
 
 CONVE'NTU'»L, S. [from ron-ver.t] a 
 monk ; or one vvlio lives in a convene. 
 
 ToCONVE'RGE, V. N. \ con-vergo, Lnt.] 
 to meet in a point j to approach ijeai\r to each 
 
 CON 
 
 other till they ioin in a point, spplierl to the 
 nvsof light, or lines drawn from different 
 lurtaces. 
 
 CONVE'RGENT, Part. [con-:.-fgers,L3f.'] 
 ilTuing Irom divi'rs points, and at>proaching 
 ne.uerto eachother till they aieet in a point. 
 
 CONVE'RSAP.LE, Adj. ("writtea fume- 
 times con^'eijibk, but improperlv; it is com- 
 pared by more and mofl conue f.tbU, f*!,] quali- 
 fied or fit for converfjtion ; fit for company ; 
 atl.ibie ; inclined lo communicate icnowledge 
 or (entimenr* to another. 
 
 CONVE-RSABi.ENES.S, S. the quality 
 flowing fiom.ifl'ability and good-nature, -.vhicli 
 renders conviirfation sgiee tbh:. 
 
 CONVE'RSABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to tn.;;>ge Viie converliittion of othi-rs, and 
 entt-rtsin th.'m acrecably with riifcoiirf;. 
 
 CONVE'ilSAN r, Parr. iif;d or habituated 
 to, " CGii--jeifani in Ijocks." Famili.u'y .ic- 
 (jiuinted v.ich ; intimate ; having intercourie 
 with. Uled with al),ut, it implie?, enripkufd j 
 engaged ; lelating to ; havinij tor its u'lject ; 
 Or concerning. 
 
 CONVEI^SA'TION, S [coniitr^aur,, Lat.] 
 eafy di/courfc with ancthci ; a farnilliar di'* 
 coutfe; jnt'.'r.'ourfe ; cnmiiieice ; bsh.yiourj 
 lite ; or moral condu£t. 
 
 CONVE'RSATiVE. Adj. fit for conver- 
 faiiiHi, or intertoutfi witii men, oppofcd to 
 contemplative. 
 
 To CONVE'RSE, V. N. {coni'trU, Fr.] 
 converjo, Lat. J in its primary fianification, to 
 live with ; to keep company with. Figura- 
 tively, to hold intercour/e with ; to be ac- 
 onainted with by flady ; to be ul'ed to; to dif- ■ 
 courfe, or convey one's thouglits to another by 
 familiar difcourfe. 
 
 CO'NVERSE, S. [fometimes accented on 
 the laft lyilable, and ufcd by I'jpe both wavsj 
 converliition, or the fennments of a perfoa 
 conimunlcaKd in familiar difcourfe. Figuta- 
 tively, familiiar acq'iain'.ance, In Geometry, 
 the drav.'ina a conilufion from lornething lup- 
 pofed, and after -.vards drawing the propofuioii, 
 luppofed as a contlufion from theace. 
 
 VONVE/RSELV, Adv. with change of 
 ordtr; in a contrary order ; reciprocally, 
 
 CONVE/RSIONT, S. [conwrjk, Lai'.J the 
 change from one flate to another. In Divini- 
 ty, a change troin wickedncfs topietv, or from 
 a falfe religion 'O a true one. In Rhetoric, 
 the retorting ot an argument, whercoy it is 
 fliewn on oppofite fides. In Algebra, the re» 
 (hieing an equation or quantity fought, if in 
 fia£tions, lo one common dcnotiliiiator, omit- 
 ting the denortiinalorfj anii continuing the e- 
 quation in the numerators o.niv, 
 
 CONVE'RSIVE, Adj. fit for conv?rfati')ii 
 or difcourfe ; inclined to co.-nmunicate lenti- 
 ments by dilconrfe. 
 
 ToCONVL'RT, V. A, \con-jcrto, Lat. 
 coiTveiiir, Fr.] to change into another fub- 
 Itance ; to chai;ge fiom one religion to ano'.her, 
 gencially ufcd for a chinte from a f..lfc ip 
 ' S 4 true
 
 C ON 
 
 true one; to chsnge the term of a propofi- 
 ^jl^n ; to iinii:'rji(), or (ohcv a chnn^e. 
 
 CO'NVLR'J', S. [from the veibj a perfon 
 prevailed on to ch.-.nge his religion. 
 
 CONVL/RTER/S. 3 perfon who perfuades 
 another to changfr his religion. 
 
 CONVfRTi'BlLlTY, S. the q>isti<y of 
 beingitnoljidtof tonvcrfion J the pojnbility oi 
 onverfion. 
 
 CONVE'RTIBLE, Adj. that which m..v 
 te changed; that wh'ch may be ali-ered with 
 Tefpeft to ils f>uiliti sj th»t which may be 
 tranlmuted; thJt which may be iiitcrch^jnged, 
 or ufeii ir.lfrad of anot:;er. 
 
 CONVt'RTll.'Ly, Adv. infuch a manner 
 as to be interchanged or ufed one for the o- 
 ther. 
 
 CONVE'X, AHj. [com-cxL-s, Ut.] Twellinp 
 to the view ; protuberznt, applied to the ex- 
 ternal furfsce of a globe, or circular body. 
 Ufed fubtt^rilively for convexiiy. 
 
 CONVrX'ED, Part, [ftcm ««wx] bend 
 jng outwarciy, ajiplied to the outward i'urt'ace 
 of any round bot'v. 
 
 CONVE'XEDLY, Adv. protuberant ; in a 
 convex foim ; or like the cutwara furface of a 
 globe. 
 
 CONVE'XITY, S. bendir.g, or portube 
 ^ance. 
 
 CONVE'XLY, Adv. in a convex t'orm. 
 
 CONVE'XNESS, S. the quality arifmg 
 from the external fwtlling or btnding of a 
 round bodv. 
 
 CONVE'XO CONCAVE, Adj. hollow on 
 cne fide, ?nd convex on the ether. 
 
 To CO'NVEY, V. A. [on-vrho, Lat ] to 
 move from one pl.ice lo another; to tranfpoit ; 
 to tranfmit ; to transfer a right or property to 
 anether ; to introduce. 
 
 CONVE'YANCE, S. the aft of moving a 
 thing from one place to another ; a method 
 of fending gocds from one place to another. 
 Figuratively, the means or inf!nirrients by 
 \vhich any thing is in'roduced from one plsce 
 to another ; the transferring of property from 
 one to the aihcr; the tranfmiting a truth by 
 tradition; a v. rting or inftiument by which 
 property is transferred. 
 
 CONV'L'YaNCER, ?. a lawyer conveV- 
 fant in drawing wiitings whereby pprevry is 
 transferred from one perfon to another. 
 
 CONVE'YER, S. a pcrfoo v ho cirrie? oi 
 removes goods from one place to another: 
 one V ho is engaged in rondufling waters tVorr' 
 one p'ace to another by means of pipes, chan- 
 rieis, £iff. 
 
 To CONVICT. V. A {con-J^.^li'm, fup'ne 
 ot oni'tr.co, Lat.-j to prove guilty of fomc 
 cr'me. 
 
 CO'NVICT, S. a psrfon prcved to be 
 guiltv of a Clime. 
 
 CONVIVTION, S. the proof of guilt 
 either Ly being outlawed, by appearing ar-i 
 confi fling, or by inqu''l> ; the aft of proving a 
 cr;mei coii!ut<ilicn ^ confcloufacfs cf gti h. 
 
 CON 
 
 CONVI'CTIVE, Adj. haviog the povfer 
 
 ol convincioi!. 
 
 To CONVi<NCE, V. A. \conz'inco, L^t.] 
 to pri v.; any propofttioii fo as to make a per- 
 fc.u acknowledge its truth j to evince, mani- 
 fcfl^, or vinf*ifate. 
 
 CQNVFNCEMENT. See CONVIC- 
 riON. 
 
 CONYI'NCIBLE, A.^j.cai>ahle of acknow- 
 ledging the lirengih ot a proof or evidence; 
 c.ipabU ot" being tonvifted or proved ^uil y ; 
 liablf to be confuted. 
 
 CONVl'N'CIKG.Y, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to triake a perfun fee and aclcnowiedgg 
 the truth of anv pronnfuion. 
 
 CONVl'NCiNGNESS, S. the evidence of 
 any fitl or iru'h. 
 
 CONVi/VAL, or CONVIVIAL, Adj. 
 \ coKvt-via'is, Lat. J re-atinii to an enieitair.mci.t 
 ot fever.il peiKons. 
 
 CONU'NURUM, S, fa cant word] a low 
 iefi or quibble, drawn from ihc double ("gni- 
 itcation of words, or diftant rtl'emblante of 
 thinas. 
 
 To CONVOCATE, V. A. [from ron-vn- 
 catu-n. fupine vii coni;')co, Lat. J ro call feve-al 
 pcrlons together ; to fummc n feveral p^rfoiis 
 to meet, or come, to an aflcmbly. 
 
 CONVOCA'TION, S. [Fr. cc.n--.cauo. 
 La .] iheatl of railing feveral pcrfons to an 
 = fl"enibly; an aflVmbly j an ailembly of the 
 clergy, for confultation on matters ecclefiafti- 
 cal, duiing the filling of parliament ; ihefg 
 are two hoiifes; the upper, wherein the arch- 
 bifnops and bilhops fit ;' and the lower, where 
 the inferior clergy &re re.p'efenred by their de- 
 puties. L kewife an bfl"c;T)bly at Oxford, 
 confifting of the vice chancellor, doftors, and 
 maders of arts, wherein the conferring of 
 degress, expulfion of delinquent members, ancj 
 other afl'jirs relating to the univeifity, confi- 
 dered ds a bodv corporate, are tranfatled. 
 
 ToCONVO'KE, V. A. [<oni-oco, Lat. fo.i- 
 ■:.;yi/:r, Fr.j to call together feveral perfons j 
 to f'lmnifin to an ali<;mbly. 
 
 I'd CONVC'LVE, V. A. \cnr>i-onoj, 
 Lat. J to roll together ; to roll one pail over 
 aimfher. 
 
 CONVOLU/TEO, Patt. [coniohtus, Lat.] 
 twitted, writhed, or rolled up, lo that ene 
 pait brs over another. 
 
 CONVOLL'ilON, S. [wno/u/io, Lat ] 
 the aft of rolling the parts ot a thing over one 
 another ; th:: Hate Ot a thing rolled up, fo as 
 its pirt? dole over eich other. 
 
 ToCONVU'Y, V. A. \co,iT'oy(r, Fr.] tp 
 guard or proreft fiiips by .''e.i, or provifions by 
 la^'d, trom falling into the Innris ol an enemy. 
 CONVO'Y S. [t-w;t , Fr.] one or more 
 ihips attending a fleet of mercliints, in order 
 t.i prrteft them from an enemy, or from ih-e 
 attacks of pir.'tes. 
 
 t'ONl"SANCE, -S. \nrK'.:;i:r.c/;Tr.] no- 
 tice; knnwleope J or .lU'.iiOlity ot en.^uiring 
 iaio in zd'ik. 
 
 To
 
 coo 
 
 To CONyU'LSE, V. A. {coivulfum, fu- 
 Bine o( cunvc'lo, Lat.] in MeJitiiife, to give 
 aa involuntary motion or contraitioii to any 
 parts of the boiv. 
 
 CONVU'LSIOM, S. [csr-vulfio, Lat.] in 
 Medicine, a continued invoiuntdry niot;on, or 
 contratlion ot any p irt of the body, contrary 
 to the manner in which it is L-.fed to move by 
 tlie diteciio'i of" the will. Figuratively, the 
 Ircalcing af.inJer the parts of a body by a 
 vioK-nt torct, .-ttPiided with a very loud noife; 
 a tiimiiit, or c./nrimotion, applied to (late affdirs. 
 C0XVL"^LS1>'E, Am. (coni-ulji/. Ft.] that 
 which gives an involuntary motion, twitches, 
 or fpafais. In Medicine, applied to thole mo- 
 tions which rjturally depend on thev.il!, but 
 by fome diforder are can led involuntarilv. 
 
 CQ'NEV, S. [Irotn koniin, Bi-li;. ccnr.ln, or 
 conn'il, Fr, con'tgl'io, \t>\. kanin, Tejt. ] in Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a creature which burroughs and 
 breeds in warrens ; a rabbit. A coney burrough, 
 a hole m.ide by a rabbit in the ground, or a 
 place where rabbits breed and huvruuah. 
 
 To COO, V. N. [iortned from the found] 
 to make a mournful noife like a Hove. 
 
 CQOIC, S. [ci/oco, Itdl, C1JUUS, Lat.] a 
 perfon who profclTes to drcfs vidluah for the 
 table. A cook'-mj'd is a fen:ia!e employed in 
 dreiTirtg vif-toalf. 
 
 To COOK, V. A. [«po, Lat. See.the 
 noun] to prepare viiiluals. Figur.^tively, to 
 prepare any tiling for a particiilir de/isin. 
 COCKER Y, S. the art of drefilng vicT:uiis. 
 COOL, Adj. [ioaiin, Btlg.] a IcfTsr (.'ej;rec 
 of ciilo.'iefs ; approaching to, or fomewliat 
 cold. Figuratively, free frotD anjer or anv 
 violent pafTion ; not over fund ; indift'-Tent j 
 unaftedled with any palTion or love. 
 
 To COOL, V. A. [kooU-; Relg.] to JefTcn 
 heat. Neuterly, to lole heat ; to become iefs 
 hot. Figuratively, to becomj lefs eager by 
 the imrullc of any pdilion or inclination. 
 
 COO'LliR, S. that which has the power 
 of (iimini/hing or lelfening the degree of heat 
 in ar)y body j a velfel made ufe of by urc^iveis 
 to cool their fweet wort in. 
 
 COO'LLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to 
 be between hot and cold. Figuratively, wiiii- 
 oi;t hear or paljion. 
 
 COO'LNESS, S. a middle (late between 
 excflfive heat and excellive told, Figua'iveiv ! 
 iipplitd to the paflions, freeiiom from any \i- 
 olent rtRe£lion ; want of corifial love, or af- 
 fertionue regard ; in.lirterence. 
 
 COOM, S. [cu!?:I^:e, Fr. cuwu/us, J.jt. a 
 '.fip] the foot :l)at gjilicrs over an oven's 
 moiiih ; the matter which woik.5 out of the 
 wheels (.f carriages. 
 
 cool', S. [h.yf<€, Bdg. cu'j.i. Ital.j a vef- 
 fcl lor keeping I quor ; a pen or intloiure to 
 Confine poultry in. 
 
 ToCOOF, V. A. f from the n(;un] to con- 
 fin?, fhut up, or indole in a narrow comp-fs. 
 COOl'EE, S. fFr.J the name of a iarti- 
 cular ilcp or motion in dinting. 
 
 COP 
 
 CO0'?ER, S. oHff who makes cjfks, or 
 any veiul wnofe parts are he^J together by 
 hoops. 
 
 To CO-OPERATE, V. A. [from comni 
 opcratiis, part, of o^-eror, Lar.J to hbour wirli 
 another, in order to perlcct or finiGi any work 5 
 to concur in producing the fame efteci-. 
 
 CO-O'PERATION, S. the act bv which 
 two or more perfons or things contiibute tj 
 promote the fame end. 
 
 CO O'FERATIVE, Adj. concurring to 
 promote the lame defign, to produce the fame 
 effort. 
 
 CO-O'PERATOR, S. he that endeavours 
 10 promote tiie fame end as otheis. 
 
 CO-0'RDINATE,Adj.[«-<,r^,„a,'w,Lat.} 
 of equal rank, order or degree with another. 
 COO'RDINATELY, Adv. in tiie fame 
 order, or rank, with another. 
 
 CO-ORDIN'ATEN£SS, S. the ftate of a 
 thing of a decree or rank etiual wirh another. 
 CO ORDINA'TION, S.theft.teofhold- 
 ing the fame rank or deeree. 
 
 COOT, or COOTE,'s. [ioer, or maerkoh, 
 Belg. rc.'/f, Fr. tiiU, Ital.J in Natural Kiftory, 
 a wjrer fov/1, (req'ienting inarfhes and fens. 
 
 COP, S. 'cop, Sax. kopf, Teur.] the top ; 
 the top or he^d of any ttiing ; or any thing 
 rifing to a head or poinf. Hence a co'>, vul- 
 gaily called a cod of hjy. 
 
 COPa'L, S. [Span.] a refinous fub.flance, 
 pure, tranfp.trent, of a watery colour, and a 
 fragrant fmell. It flows our of the trunk of 
 a tree by inciHon, is infl.im.matle, dilFolublc 
 in oil, and ufed in ciiordeis of tV bre^ft 
 
 COPA'RTNER, S. [from co, and pan- 
 ner\ one who has a Aire in fome comm )q 
 (^Ock or affair ; one who c^irries on bufinefs 
 in conjundlion with another; one equally 
 concerned and involved in the fume calamiiy 
 or enjovina the fame advantane with another 
 COPA'RTNEiiSHIP, S." a ftate wher;- 
 in a perfon has an cq Jil Hiate of the profi.s or 
 IjIs ot trude, or is engageo in the fame com- 
 mon defjgn with anothfr. 
 
 COP A'i'VA, S. in Medicine, a gum which 
 diftils from a tree in the Brafils, and is mads 
 ufoof indifo'dcrs of ih;; urinatyp iFigcs. 
 
 COPE, S. ISe^^COi', c/.'.:/>j>^, Fr. «/,/,,, 
 Ital J any thing with which i):e head h cover- 
 co ; an orninrxnt wor.T by priefts, reaching 
 Iroin the ilioulders to the feet 3 any thin' 
 fpread over the head, or the fkicj. 
 
 To COPE, V. A. [from th« noun] to 
 cover, f.r arch over. '2a cope -zoiih, to contend 
 with ; to fi^ht or combat ; to oppole. 
 CO'PEL, SecCOPPEL. 
 CpPIER, S. one wh) iranfcrilies a wri- 
 ijne, or imitates any coin or olho origimaL 
 Scmetimes ufed by way of repro-tch (or a per- 
 fon that is a plagiary. 
 
 COPING, S. [«/./.., Six.] in Architec- 
 ture, tne upper tire ot mafonry, which covers 
 a wall. 
 
 COPIOUS, Ai'j '^'■opia, Lit, plenty] plen-
 
 COP 
 
 COR 
 
 ^M-; aVtindart ; in great quantities ; abound 
 iing >n uioifls I. r images ; not confiiied. 
 
 CO'PIOUSLY, Adv. plfntiJuliy ; in g.-eai 
 ^uanlities ; l.irgc ; in a djft'ufivB manner, a; - 
 plied to file or cefcrii-tions 
 
 COTiOUSNESS, S plrnty; abun'ianccj 
 jreat qiiaritities. ot any thing j difTufivcne'-s j 
 exuberanr e 
 
 CO'i'lED, Part, ffrom coJ>] rifing or ter- 
 ininiting at a pr.int Jt top. 
 
 COFPEL, S. [fprlt likewife co;(f, cpd, 
 and cupfe!, t'tom c-pj e, Six. cr cupjian, Br v. 
 and f.', 2 dimimlivc particle] a viTAl ultd t'V 
 afTjyers and refiners to try and rtfiiie ihcii 
 niet^iU i::. 
 
 COr'PTER, S. [h/er, Be!g, a.';z.--c, Tr.]i 
 fcsrd he^vy mttil of a reddift colour, htavier 
 than lien or tin, but li(;h(cr than filvcr, lead, 
 or ^o\i I tlie luideft of alf mftal: next to iron, 
 2Cu on triat .icccjnt niixt-d with 111. er and go'.vl 
 to give thtni a pioper degiet of ii^rcncls ; it 
 is '.r.ore lislile to nift than any oriicr metal ; 
 jia ductiliiy is very greai, and its divinbiliiy 
 prodigious ; lor, i.s Mr. Boyle obfcrvcs, a fiii- 
 gte gti'^n of it diffojvetl iii an alkali, wi!! g:ve 
 3 fenfible colour lo rjiore iliaii 500,000 '.W.ts 
 its Wfi^ht of wa-er. C'fj'Cr, f jiiiifies a larpc 
 vcflVl or boiler fixed \n irick-work. A cop- 
 fir-p!a'.i. is a ^hin pirc- of poJiftied coppei, 
 entjraved wiOi forr.e defign. 
 
 COr'PERAS, S [cafcircfa, Span, ecoj-e- 
 Tfefe, Fr.J a vitiiolic fubttance, forined of an 
 juiufion of coppsraJ-fioncE, or gold-ftones, i:; 
 jBvatcr, aftetwaids evaporated by fire. It 1; 
 Biadc vife of in fiying wool and hats bl<ick, ii: 
 Biikinp \nk, in tanning leather, in nial-cin;; 
 oil of vitriol, and akind of Spanifli brown Icr 
 pjiuter-;. 
 
 COPTER-FMITH, S, a perfon who 
 Blikt"; V'lV'!'- lonr.ed o( copper. 
 
 COr'i'ERV.At'j. containing copper ; made 
 of Cftpper. 
 
 COP^riCE, S. [(ofpeaux, Fr. from <.-u;//.<;-, 
 to cut or lop ; it is often written and pro- 
 nounced cof fi \ low \V()0;-s cut at ftjted lines ; 
 a I'niali wood, confiding ot uni.cr-wood, or 
 brjfti-wood. 
 
 COFH'LE-DUST, S. powder ufed in re. 
 lining rrietaJ?, or the giof^ parts fcparatcd by 
 the copoel. 
 
 COr'l'LE STONES, S. [from ccfpe, S.ix. 
 anri^vw] lumps or fragnitn't of ftone, orcUen 
 fr<ini ihe ^rfi'cent cliffs, and rounded by be- 
 ing b'jwlcd and tumbled to and fro by tiie ac- 
 tion of w.^ter. 
 
 COPSE, S, [See COPPICE, y.^-ii-jj^Gr. to 
 cut] flioit wood ufed lor fewel ; Lrofh- voort. 
 To COPSE, V. A. from the noun] to 
 pre'Vrve under-wood. 
 
 CO'PULA, S. [La:.] in Logic, the verb 
 which joins the two terms in an affir-naiive 
 or negative propofition; as " I'iilueh tvif- 
 doTK.'" Is, is the c-pu.'a which joins the teriiu 
 I'irtu! and luiliLm. 
 
 To COTULAT£,V.A. [t/a.'.i.';/;;;/ui :.i; 
 
 of ccpuh, Laf,] to nnite, juin, or link to- 
 ^rther. Nculcily, to come tcgptl-.cr,. applied 
 u< the corr.mcrtc between aoinijls of difFcrent 
 lexrs. 
 
 COPULA'TION, S. the embracing of the 
 ti^rVrent f xes. 
 
 , CO'PULATIVE, S. f «/ r/,^.;.';w'i. L'^t.] a 
 term of C.'r^mmar, implying the joining two 
 or more i.ntenccs or it;ributes together. Ci- 
 pulat'i-re pr'pojitior.i, in Logic, are thofe which 
 have oiio or moie fo'iicfls conneftcd together 
 by ro.nj inflions, aRiimi'tive or negative ; thus 
 " Rirhes and honcius are tcmptatisns to 
 " pride." 
 
 t.-'0'P.y, S. \c-p\e, Fr. c^pti, Iral ] a writ- 
 ing whicii con.':: s of the ui!)i*ance of fome 
 other, and is wrote, word for word^ from tofoe 
 originjl ; an individual book,cr manufcriptof 
 an author ; <in iufbiutnent by which anything 
 is conveyed in law ; a piflure drawn from an 
 oiiginal piece ; a line or pirce of writing for 
 U boars to v.rite by. A £";ty hm':, is a booic 
 o. bl nk paper,wheiein fcho:ars learn writing, 
 I'y endeivouiing to iir.itare fome piece given 
 iliem by the nnafler for that piirpofe. 
 
 To CO'PY, V. A. to tranfcri'.;e a writing 
 or book word for word ; to imitate a dellgn or 
 iiif'.ui^. Ufed neuferly wnhfrcm, and feme- 
 times with e:J:er, belore the objeft of imita- 
 ition. 
 
 , COrV-HOLD, S. in Law, a tenure by 
 which the renaut hath nothing to fhew but 
 I the copy of tile rolls made by the fteward of 
 :he lojd's c<:urt. This ttnure the tenant 
 holds in fonie fort at the will of the lord, 
 though not fimplv fo, but according to the 
 cuf^om of the manor. 
 
 COPy-KOLDER, S. a perfon admitted a 
 tenant of any lands or tenements in a manor, 
 which liavo time cut of mind been devifeable 
 to fuch as will take the fame by copy of cour - 
 roll, according to the cuf.om of the laid manor 
 ToCOQLJ'ET, V. A. [a^ucter, Fr,] to 
 enteitriin vvi'h amorous difcourfe j to treat 
 with an appearance of love, without any teal 
 at1c<S\ion. Nsuterly, to pretend the lover. 
 
 COQ^'ETKY, S. [(oquttterle, Fr.] a de- 
 fire of a tradling the notice of the other lex ; 
 an afleition of love, exprefled in advances, 
 without h'.'iiig afiei^Ud with (hat pailion. 
 
 COQUliTTE, S. [Fr.] a gay airy gir), 
 who evide ;vouis to atir.ift the n. tice of the 
 other {lix, and by an affe£>arion of ttndeijiefs, 
 10 engage a number of fuitors merely from 
 a principle of vanity, .^nd without any incli- 
 nation to a connubijl ftate. 
 
 CO'RACLE, S. {(ivrnv^k, Brit, co'iunt^ 
 Lit. leather] a boat ulcd by ihc Welfh fifhtrs 
 made ot a frame of wicker work covered 
 with lesher. 
 
 CO'RAL. S. [(oralHum, Lat.] a plant of 
 a flony naluie, growing in the wa'er. A ccr^i 
 is applied to the t(>y which is hung pei.dent 
 i'rom the waift of children, which confifts 
 of a pisce of twai fet In. jold or filver, adorneii
 
 COR 
 
 vith bells, and having at the cxtrem'ty a| 
 whiffle. 
 
 COR A'LI.IXE, Adj. \corainr.us, Lat.] con- 
 fiding of coial ; lefemb'ina coral. 
 
 COR-A'LLOID, orCORALLOIDA, Adj. 
 [)'.OKj.X>i;£ij^rj, Gr.] releinbliiig, or of the na- 
 ture of coral. 
 
 COR A'NT, S. [courant, Fr,] a dance, con- 
 fiftin^ of a nimble and fprichtlv motion. 
 
 COR'BAN, S. [corleHk, 'Fi.J an alms 
 bafket J a gift of ch irity ; an alms. Among 
 t!ie Je.vs, an ofl'sMna; or t'ft mice to Gad or 
 his temple. Corhaii, likevvile fignifics the 
 tteafury of the tpmj.i!e, v.lieie the of}i;ring>. 
 which were made in money, weie depofited. 
 
 CORBF/ILS, S. [cr.rleUle, Fr. corbilla, 
 It.il.J in Fortification, little ba'kcts filled with 
 earth, and ufed to fiiclier the men, when fir- 
 jji^ at the bf fi^g-is. 
 
 CORD, S. '[cort, Brit, conk, Fr. dymh, 
 Lit.j a ftrine mjde a? hemp iwified, generjlly 
 ap'-lied to thiit which \t compofed o( fcversl 
 Jhandf. In Scripture, " The cordi of the 
 wicked," Pfal. cxxix. 4. are the fnares with 
 which they entangle the weak and innocent. 
 '* The cords of fins," Fro-v. v. 22. arc the 
 confequences of crimes and bad habits, which 
 are .'S it were, band^-, which it is almofl: im- 
 p<iflible to break. " Let us caft awav their 
 cordi from US," Pfal. ii. 3. is to caft ofl-'fub- 
 jeflion, which, like cores, binds and reflrfciins. 
 " To draw iniquity with cords of vanity," 
 //. V, 18. are wcridiy profits, or pleafutable 
 allurements, which attract as ftrong,]y as cord^. 
 '* The cords of a man," Hof. xi. 4, are fucli 
 motives as are fuited to man as a rational a- 
 gent, and confii't in reafons and exhortation?., 
 *' To fttetch a Ime or cord about a city," 
 Lam. ii. 8. is to deinolifli it, or to lay it level 
 with the giound. A cordofiuood, is a quan- 
 tity confuting of a pile of eight feet long, four 
 h;gh, and lour broad, being fuppofed crigi- 
 nailv to be meafuied by a c;^rd. 
 
 To CO.^D, V. A. to bind or faften feveral 
 lhin,»s togetlier with a cord. 
 
 CO'RDAGE, S. a quantity of cords 5 the 
 ropes of a /hip, 
 
 CO'RDED, Part, made of ropes, or cords. 
 " A corded ladder." Shak. A cl'dcd jUk, is 
 th t whofe lurface is not level, but rifes in 
 weal? y>\ tlie f:ze of a fmall ftring or cr rd. 
 
 CORDELI'ER, S. [Fr. pronounced corde 
 leer] a Francilcan, or monk ot the order ot 
 St . Francis, fo called from the cord which they 
 Wear roun ( their waifl. 
 
 CO'RDIAL, S. in Medicine, a draught, or 
 potion which encreafes tte (irengih of the 
 heart, or thu which encreafes the natural 
 ftreng,th, by bringing the ferum of the blood 
 into a condition proper for circulation and nu- 
 tri'ion. Figuialively, any th'ng which occa- 
 fionsjov, (jiadnefs, or revives the fpiiits. 
 
 CO'RDl.'^L, Acij. reviv-ng; ftrengthenirT;. 
 Applied to tne afteiliuns, liuceie i t.ca::y ; 
 vi.hcat hypotriiy. 
 
 COR 
 
 CORDI A'LITY, S, fince.e alUQionj fiee- 
 dom from hypccrify. 
 
 CORDIA'LLY, Adv. in a manner f.ec 
 from hypocrify ; in a fincere and atieiTiionatc 
 manner. 
 
 CO'RDON, S. [Fr.] the ribbon worn by ^ 
 knight or member of any order, in Fortifica- 
 tion, a row of fiones jutting out betore the 
 rampart and the bafis of the parapet. 
 
 C0RDWA''1NER, S. [cardonmcr, Fr.] a,^ 
 perfon who makes and iVlls fhoe». 
 
 CORE, b. Icociir, Fr. c:r, Lat. j the heart j 
 the inner part of any thing. 
 
 CORIACE'OUS, A.'j. \cor!ac!us, Lat.j 
 confifting of, or relembling li:a.her. 
 
 CORIA'NDER, S. {coriandrum, h^iX.] a 
 plant with a fibrous annual root j it hath an 
 umbellated flower. It is u ed in medicine as 
 a carnninative, and corrector to fome cathar- 
 tics. 
 
 CO'RIKTH, S. a famous city in Greece ; 
 a fmali fruit cojiim.nly called a currant. The 
 Lorinihn'.n order, in Architedture, is one of tlie 
 five orders, and is ihe mcft noale, rich, and 
 delicate of thcin all. The capital of this or- 
 der is adorned with two rows of leaves, be- 
 twetn which little ftalks arie, of which 16 
 volutes are formed, which fupt.ort the abacus, 
 
 CORF-:, S. [iorck, Bdg. corcl;o, Spanij in 
 Botany, a fpecies of oak, v.hich is dripped cf 
 its bark every tight or ten years, and is fo far 
 from being injured thereby, that it is pre- 
 feived by ih.at means to an hundred years ot 
 more. Of the bark arc torined bungs for 
 barrels, and (topples for bottles, which like- 
 wile go by the name of the tiee, and arc called 
 coris. 
 
 CO'RKING-PIX, S. a pin of a large fizs, 
 
 CO/RK.Y, Adj. colibiliiig of, orrcfcmbling 
 cork. 
 
 CORN, S. [ccrn, Six J a plant, or grain of 
 a plant, v.hich produces bread for the luod^of 
 mankind ; grain unreaped j grain in the ear j 
 an exciefceiite or horny fulillaiice g.uiAJng o,i 
 the toes, itom cornu, Lat. a horn j a finale 
 particle of guiipowder, or fair. 
 
 To CORN, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 term gunpowder into grains or fmall p*r:icle: j 
 to fait, or fpiinklemcat with fait, fioin ge- 
 cornard, Sixon. 
 
 CORN LILIAN- STONE, S. \corr,a!w:, Fr. 
 corne'inn, Ital. ecrneolus cf caro, I. at. lltfii, or 
 ol corrnts. Lit, the hawthorn, becaufe it is red 
 like the fruit] a fart of precious ftone, fct ia 
 rings, and made into feals. 
 
 CORNE'OUS, Adj. [from cornt^is, Lat.] 
 horny, or refcm line; horn. 
 
 CO/RKER, S. {cornel, Rrit.j an angle, 
 or fpace formed by the meeting of two walls. 
 Figurjtively, a fecret or private place j the ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 CO'RNER-WISE,Adv. from one corner to 
 ano'her; diagonallvj with thecornerin front. 
 
 CO'RNET, S'. [cornet, Fr.j a horn, or 
 muficil w'iud indru.xent, ufcd by iheanti^nts
 
 COR 
 
 iti w.ir; a company or troop, perhaps as many 
 as had one cornel. " They dilcernsd a body ot 
 five icini's of horfe." An officer in the cavil- 
 iy, vvlio bears the cnfign or colours in the ttoop; 
 lie is the third officer i;i the company, and 
 commands in the a'ul'ence of the captain and 
 iieutenanr. Cor;]rt, in Farriery, is the loweft 
 part of the paltern of a horfe. 
 
 CO'RNICI-, S. [«./:.Wf, Fr.ceronis.Ur.] 
 in Archiie£lure, the uppermoft member ot tlie 
 entablature of a column, or thai which crowns 
 the order; likcv.ife all litrle prrjeflures of ma- 
 sonry or joinery, where there are no columns, 
 as the (ern'tce ot a chimney ; the crowning ot 
 pedellals. Cornice-ring, in Gunnery, tiie next 
 ring to the muz/.le ring backwards. 
 
 CORNl'CULATF., Adj. [liomiorKu.,Lzt.l 
 in Botany, applied to fuch plants as, after each 
 flower, produce many horned pods, called Zi'/i- 
 ^uo'. Corsicula'.e Jloivers, are fuch hollow 
 flowers as have a kind of fpur, or Jitile horn 
 on their upuer part, 
 
 CORNJ'flC, Adj. produfliveof, or mak- 
 ing horns. 
 
 CORNl'GEROUS, Adj. horned ; bearing, 
 or having horns. 
 
 CO'RNU-A.TVIMONIS, S. in Natural H f- 
 tory, a fior.e, or perrified earth, formed in a 
 little turbinated (hell of a fpiral figure, refem- 
 Uing the ttaiitihi. 
 
 CORNUCCyPI.^, S, [from «r„a, a horn, 
 and copia, Lat. p.'entyj among the ancients, a 
 horn, out of which a pienty of all things was 
 luppofed to grow. It is generally the tiiarac- 
 teriftic of ihe goddefs of plenty, and defcribed 
 in the lorm of a large horn, adorned with 
 flowers, and filled with fruits. 
 
 To CORNL'lE, V. A. [cornutus, L;t.] 
 to confer or beftovv horns. 
 
 CORNU'TID, Part, [cornutus, Lat.] 
 grafted v. ith horns ; horned ; cuckolded. 
 
 CORNU'TO, S. a cuckold. 
 
 CO'RNY, Adj. horny, fttong, or ha'rd like 
 a horn ; producing grain or corn. 
 
 GORCKLLARY, S. [ccrolUrium, Lat ] an 
 vfetui confequence dr-wn from fometbing 
 which is proved or demonllrated. 
 
 CORO'N.'V, S. (Lat.J in Architeaure, a 
 large, tLt, flron^ member of a cornice, fo 
 <aihd from iis crowning not only the cornice, 
 but likewiri; the whole (Mder ; llie French 
 term it the iannur, and common workmen 
 the (!r':tj. 
 
 CORO'NAL, S. [from ccrina, Lat.] a 
 crown ; a garland. " Ctow.n, ye godr, Yiic- 
 chus with M fcrtr'i;/. ' bf>crif. Adjciilivelv, that 
 which belongs to the crown or top of the 
 Jiead. The (cmia! future, in Anatoiny, is the 
 firft of the cranium, which reaches acrtfs 
 Irom ore Umple to the o'her, 
 
 CORON'A RV. A.;J. [o-.'jmnus, I.aUJ 
 relating to, or leued on the ciown o( the 
 bead. In Anatomy, applied to ihofc art' ries 
 which furnilh the iub!liii|cc of the heart with 
 blood. ' 
 
 COR 
 
 CORONATION, S. the aft or folemnlty 
 
 of crowning a kin^. 
 
 t'GRONE'R, S. [from coiona^ Lat.] an 
 officer who is confervalor of the peace in the 
 couc'ry where elected ■; in cafe of a violent 
 Jcdih, he is to make inquefl, together with iz 
 jurymen impannelled by him for that pu/pole, 
 10 enter appeals for muider, proncur.ce judg- 
 ment for outlawries execute the kij)g°s wiits 
 on exception tn the fterift'. 
 
 CORONE'TS, S [coroneita^ Ital. a diminu- 
 Eive oi corona, Lat, a crownj an inferior crown 
 worn by the nobility ; that of a duke is adorned 
 with ftrawberiy ieaves 5 that of a marquiS 
 with leaves and pearls placed interchange- 
 ably ; that of an tar! witJi the pearls raifdd 
 above the leaves ; that of a vifcount is fur- 
 rounded with pearls o-nTy j and tliatof a baron 
 has only fix pearls. 
 
 CO'RrORAL, S. corrupted from capora'^ 
 Tr. cefcra/e, Ital. J in 1 nc Army, an interior, 
 and the lowtft officer in the foo?, who com- 
 mands one of the oivifions, places and relieves 
 centineh, keeps gotri order, and receives the 
 word ot the interiors that pais by his*cor}S, 
 On board (hip, an cfficer, who has the charge 
 of letting tjie watch and ceniries, and relieving 
 them : he fees that all the loldicrs and failors 
 keep their arm.? neat and clean, teaches th. m 
 how to tile them, and has a mate under lura. 
 
 CO'RPOrvAL, Adj. [ccr/>ue/, Fr. of ci,r. 
 fus, Lat, a body] relatifig to the body, in 
 divinity and philolopliy. When ufed ia 
 oppofiiion to fpirit, or its affeftiotis, it is 
 fliled and fpelt torpyrtal, and then fignifie* 
 matc-ial. 
 
 CORFORA'LITY, S. the auility of con- 
 fining of biidv, or mjttrr. 
 
 CO'RPORALLV, Adv. in a fenfible, or 
 material manner : bodily. 
 
 CO'RPORAIE, Adj. [«r;,oW5, genitive of 
 corpui\ united into a body or community. 
 
 CO/Rl'ORAT£NESS, S. lije ilate of 9 
 body corpc'rate, or cinnmuniiy. 
 
 CORPORATION, S. a body politic, ru- 
 thorized b\ the J:ing"s charter to have a com- 
 mon fe'.l, one hea.; officer, or more members, 
 able by their common coiifent, to (.'rant or re- 
 ceive in la-.v, any tiling agreeable to their 
 charter, and to fue or be lued \i\ their common 
 opacitv, as if an individual. 
 
 CC^Rl^ORATURE, S. Uort'.rii, geni-Ive 
 of corfvi, Lst.J the Cdteof beii.g embodied. 
 
 CORPO'R 1:aL, Ai.j. [co'j!o,fU!,Ur.] con- 
 f;.riiiip of matti r "r body, oji^'O ed t!» ip'.n'.vttl. 
 
 CORPORIETY, S. ihequaUty of a thing 
 wh'ch ha.^ a body, 
 
 CORPOKiFlCA-'TlON.S. the aft of giv- 
 ing a body to a thing, or itnriciing it the ob- 
 jfil ol the touch or other feni'e?. In Ch-mif- 
 tiy, the a£l ol re uniting ip:iits into a bony, 
 relsmbiing that which they had teloic their 
 beini riiifed into fprrits. 
 
 To CORPO'RlFi', V. A. to ihicken o: 
 ' gaih:r into a budy. 
 
 CORl'S-
 
 COR 
 
 cal relation to one another, ac f^tlier ani fen. 
 CORRELA'TE, S. one that (lands in an 
 oppnfite relation ; as fatiier anrt fon. 
 
 CORRELA'TIVE. Adj. having a reci- 
 procal reldtion, (o ihat the exiftenca ol' the one 
 depends on the exigence of anoiher. 
 
 To CO'RRESFOND, V. N. [from con 
 and rcftcir.d;o, Lat.J to anfwer j to match ; to 
 luit; to be proportionate, or .idequa«e to ano- 
 ther; to keep up an acqir.iintance with ano- 
 ther by fending and receiving letters. 
 
 C0RRES1'0^>JDENCE, or CORRES- 
 PO'NDlNCY, S. [from cm and njpor.cicc, 
 Lat.J an agreement ; the matching or Ikting 
 ot two things together ; an int^rcourfe kept up 
 by letter; tnendfhip ; ir)teicourle,or commerce, 
 CQRRESPON'DENT, S. a perfon with 
 who:Ti commerce is carried on, or intelligence 
 kept, by mutual meflage"; or letters. 
 
 CORRESPON'DENT, Ad> [from«?and 
 rffpo'tde-,, Lat.J fuiting ; fiiting ; ,igiceing ^ 
 ji:lwering, 
 
 CO'RRLDOR, S. [Fr. and Span, corridcre, 
 Ital.] in Fortification, a road or way, about: 
 tv.eniy yards broad, along the edge of a ditch, 
 without fide, entompafling the whole fortiri- 
 cation, calhd likewife the ccner: ■:«)•. In 
 Architeclure, a gallery, or long ^fle, round a 
 building, leaning to feveral chambers at a dii- 
 tance fror.-j each other. 
 
 CCKRIGIBLE, Adj. [from corrigo, Lat.J 
 that which m^y be altered tor the better ; thot: 
 which is a proper obje<fl of punifhmcnt ; cor- 
 rective ; or having the power of amending any 
 i?rror, taQlt, or bad quality. 
 
 CORRO'BORANT, Parr, [corrohrur^, 
 Lat.J having the power of ftiengthening or 
 jjiviiig ftrenfcth. 
 
 To CORROBORATE, V. A. [from <•*►•• 
 roboratuTK, fupine or corroooro, Lat. j to confiru) 
 an allertion : to ftrengrhen or make ftrong. 
 
 CORROBORA'TION, S. the aft of 
 ftrer.gthening; the confirmation or eftablilhini; 
 a ciuih by lome adiiition.»l proof. 
 
 CQRROBORA'TiVE, Adj. h.iving the 
 powrr ol increafing ftrength, or of fcrvue in 
 paiticular bodily weaknelfes. 
 
 To CORRO'DE, V. A. to eat away by 
 degrees, applied to the aftion of a liquor ot 
 ioir^li.lid bojy; to prey upon; to confume, 
 or wear aw iv by degree"!. 
 
 CORRO'DENT, Part, {corraden^, Ln.J 
 havin;; the power of feparating the parfivi.*5 of 
 .1 bo<ly, appied to the ctJVdls of foine mcn- 
 liriiurn, or ftuid, or folid bodies. 
 
 CORROSmi'LITY, S. the poffibiliryof 
 being corrofiMe ; the p iTibiliiy ot hivingits 
 p.irlicle!" divii'ed by fonie men(lruui;<. 
 
 CORRO'SIHLE, Aoj. [ironi f«rr.j:<w,Lat.J 
 that which m ly have its particles confumed, 
 or fjparated bv fome mindruurn. 
 
 CORRO'SIBLEN'tSS, S. the quality of 
 being liable to have its panicles fepaiated by » 
 menrtruum. 
 rtl^fa^ Lat.J to hsrt-e a mutual or tscipro-l CQRP.O'SION, S, the di.Tohi-Ion or fi- 
 
 ^-aratien 
 
 COR 
 
 CORPS, S. {cor^y Fr.} a body or collec- 
 tion of foldiers. In Architeclure, that part 
 which prfijeiis or (Idndf out froin a '.vall, and 
 ferves as a gtuund for fome decoration, or or- 
 nament. 
 
 CORPSE, S. {cjrp-ui, Lat.j the bo^y, ufe.i 
 in conrempt ; a dead body ; a carcafe. 
 
 CO'RPULENCE,orCO'RPULENCY,S. 
 ^corf>ii,'eniia, Lat.J the ftate of a perfon over- 
 k)aded with fiefh and fat ; a large quantity o( 
 matter, not eafily moved. 
 
 CO'RPULENT, S. [eorp-Jentus, Lat.J 
 ^efhy; abounding in fat and Hefh. 
 
 CORPU'SCULAR, or CORPUSCULA'- 
 RIAN, Adj. teUng'ng to atoms, or the fmjil 
 particles of bodies. Tht cyrpufcu'arian, or cor- 
 pufcular pbiidfofhy, is that wfiich endeavours to 
 explain the phenomena of nature, by the mo- 
 tion, reft, or pofition of the corpufcles, or mi- 
 nute p?rt;cles of which bodies cor.fift. 
 
 CORPU-'SCULE, S. [ ccrpttfcuhm, Lat. a 
 diminutive of coi-pn, Lat.J a fmail body ; a 
 particle jjf matter ; a fmall fragment. 
 
 To CORRA-'DE, V. A. [^orrjdc, Lat.J to 
 inb off; to wear away, by rubbing two bodies 
 tosether. 
 
 'CORRADIA'TION, S. the conjunflion 
 of ravs In one point. 
 
 To CORRE'CT, V. A. [corref?Kfr., f-jplne 
 of corrigo, Lat.J t<» punilTi a perlon for a lauit, 
 in order to make him amend. In Printing, to 
 note the faults of t.be compof:tor, that they 
 may be amended before a fheet is worked i ti'; 
 to mend any error in writing ; to give a perfon 
 notice of hi^ finl'.s. In Medicine, to counttr- 
 aiV, or l^^ilen thv' force or ill qualities of one 
 tngrertient to anotlier. 
 
 CORRE'CT, Adj. [lOntBu!, Lat.] that 
 which i« pf rfeft; fri'ed from errors or millakcb./ 
 CORRE'CriON.S.i'unifhmentforfiultt, 
 in order to produce ameiidiHent; the alteration 
 Or amend.Tvent of an error or miftake in wri- 
 ting or pritit'!!^ ; an amendment ; reprehen- 
 f)on ; cenfurc ; or notice of a fault. In Me- 
 dicine, the lc(ie.">ing any quantity of an ingre- 
 dient, by joining it with one of oppofitc qua- 
 lities. 
 
 CORRE'CTIVE, Adj. having the poww 
 of cnuntcraftioa aov bad qualities. 
 
 CORRE'CTIvi;, S. that which has the 
 power of -iltering or cnnntrr^dting any bjd 
 fjuolity ; limitation ; itftridtiuii, appiied to 
 the fenff; of words. 
 
 CORRE'CTLY, Adv. in f.ich a tr.anrjcr 
 as to be free troTi faults ; ex'aclly, 
 
 ttORRE'CTNESS, S. perfediort, arifing 
 from frequent and accurate alterations, 
 
 CORRECTOR, S. h- who amends a 
 perfon by means of punifhment. In Printing, 
 the perfon who exarnin:;s and .liters the error' 
 of the compofuor in the proofs. In Medicine, 
 an ingredient in a compoficion, which guards 
 againft, or abates the force of another. 
 
 To CORRELATE, V. N. [from «» and
 
 COR 
 
 par;rton of the particles of a body by an acid 
 Or l_.line liqll.^r or menftruum. 
 
 COURO'SIVE, Adj. having the power of 
 iiUiiiujtint; itIeU" bitweca, and feparating the 
 p. -rticlcs uf 4 body ; having the power ot tret- 
 ti. g, Vexing, or ol ludking a perlon uneafy or 
 
 CORRO'SIVE, S. that wh'ch has the 
 
 power of confuting, eating, or wafung away: 
 that whidi ha.- the power of ftening, giving 
 pain, 01 renderinj a perfon UDc^ly. 
 
 CORRO'SlVELY. Aov. in che manner 
 of, or like a corrofive j having the quiliiy oi 
 a toirolive. 
 
 CGRRO'SIVF.NF.SS, S. the quality 
 wherety a flu'd innnn.ites itielf between the 
 pores ot a folid bo.iy, I'eparates them, or 
 ViHes it away- 
 
 CORRU'GANT, Part, [corrugarts, Lat.] 
 having the power or' wiinkling, or contraftmg 
 iriro wriiikl'S. 
 
 ToCCRRU'CATE, V. A. [corrugalum, 
 fapine of fCM(,^o. L.'t.J to wrinkle. 
 
 CORRUGA'TION, S. theaa of drawing 
 or contraOing into wrinkles. 
 
 To CORRU'FT, V. A. [conup'um, fupine 
 o( ccrruftio, La^.] to alter the qualities of a 
 body by pulrifying. Figuratively, to engage a 
 perfon to do fomethingconirary to his inclina- 
 tion or confcience by bribes or money; to fpoil; 
 10 vitiate } or render bad. Neuterly, to grow 
 iotten. 
 
 CORR'UPT, Adj. [corruftus, Lat.J vi- 
 tioii'! 5 void of moral eoocnefs ; loft to p'.ety ; 
 bislVed by bribes. Tainted j rotten, applied 
 to thins'. 
 
 COURU'PTER, S. that which putrlfies, 
 cr t?ints. One who, by ill example, or bafe 
 motivef, fediires a perfon to vice. 
 
 CORRUPTIBI'LiTY, S. thepoflTibilityof 
 
 fceific corrupre<', purified, or renueied worfe. 
 
 CORRU'i'TlBLE, Adj. tliat whuh may 
 
 be piilrified oi grow rotten ; that which ma) 
 
 be d«(lioyed or rendered villous. 
 
 CORRIVPTION, S. [ccrrvptio, Lat.] the 
 Bflion whereby a body lofe€ all its properties 
 or cu.>litJes for a cerrain time, or whereby its 
 form is altered, and its qualities chantrd Irom 
 what they were before ; roticniiefs. In Mj 
 ralitv, a ch--n)if fum virtue to vice. In Poli- 
 tics, a ffate wherein petfons acl only from 
 lucr.itive motives ; the means by which any 
 perfon may be rendered vitious ; or a thiig nuy 
 be made rotten. In Surgery, the matter 
 centained in an ulcer or wound, called /)«« by 
 prad^itionejs. In Law, the taint which grows 
 to a perfon or hli heits, on account of Lii 
 havine been guilty of felony or tteafon. 
 
 CORRU'PTIVE, Aflj. having the power 
 or qu-!ity of rendering tainted or rotten. 
 
 CORRU'PTLESS, Adj. tb.it which can- 
 not be f crrup'ed. 
 
 CORRU'PTNESS, S. the quality or flate 
 of a coTupted body ; vice. 
 
 CORSA'jR, S. [Fr. orjaro, It»l.] an 
 
 COS 
 
 armed vefTel, which plunders merchants vef- 
 lel? ; a pirar,". 
 
 CORSE, S. [corpfi, Fr.j a poetical word 
 for a CdfCife or dead body. 
 
 CC/RSELET, S. [Fr. corfakttc, Ital.] a 
 little armour for the fore part of the body. 
 
 CO'RTICAL, Adj. [from corticii, genit.vs 
 of coi-:e'-, Lat. barjcj barley j belonging to the 
 outwJrd part of any thing. In Anatomy, the 
 C'jitical {u[j(\Ance oi' the brain is its ex'.erior 
 part. See HR A IN*. 
 
 CORTICA'TED, Adj. [corucan,s,Ln.] 
 refembling the bark or a tree. 
 
 CO'RTICOSE, Aoj. Icartlcojus, Lat.] full 
 of bark. 
 
 CORU'SCANT, Part, [corufcans, Part, of 
 corrtifco Lat.] glittering by tiafhes ; fiafliing. 
 
 CORUSCATION, S. [carufcafw, Lat.J a 
 quick, fuoQcn, and fhort darting of fplendor j 
 a fi<iih 5 a glittering ligat. 
 j CORY'MBaTED, Adj. Ihom corymhus, 
 Lat.J in Botany, abounding or garnifhea-with 
 branches of berrits. 
 
 COP.YMBPfEROUS, Anj. [from corym- 
 bus, and Jero, Lat. to bcarj in Boiatv, ap- 
 plied to fuch plants as have a compoup.d difcous 
 flower, without any down adherinj to their 
 ;tcds. 
 
 CORY'MBUS, S. [Lat.] in Botany, a 
 round dufter of berries, likethofeof the ivy. 
 COSE'C.'iNT, S. in Geometry, the fecant 
 of an arch, wh-ch is tht compliment of ano- 
 ther arch to 90 degrees. 
 
 CO'SIER, S. [coufer, Fr. to few" a botcher j 
 a low-lived perfon ; a word of contempt. 
 *' Squeak out your iojli^r catches." S/jjk. 
 
 COSl'NE, S. in Gsometiy, the pait of the 
 diameter inteicepted between the center and 
 the rght fine, and always equal to the fine of 
 the Cf.mplerrient of the arch. 
 
 COSME/nC. Adj. [Kja-fxnrty.;f;,Ct.] hav- 
 ing the power of improving the perlonal 
 charms ; beautifying ; or heigthening beauty, 
 COS'MICAL, Adj. {Koa-y-i/.-.i, Gr.] relat- 
 ing to the world. In Artronomy, rifing toge- 
 ther, or in the fame degree of the ecliptic with 
 the fun. 
 
 COSMPCALLY, Adv. at the fame time 
 with the fun. 
 
 CO.SMO'GONY, S. [from y-sr/xof, Gr. 
 and J'-".'-] the rife, origin, cr creation ot the 
 world. 
 
 COSMO'GRAPMER, S. [from zor^^c. 
 Or. and y-^a^xj one who corr.pofes adei'ciip- 
 tion of the relaticn, fr.r.c''s, figure, ana dirpo* 
 filion of all ihe parts of the world. 
 
 COSMO'GRAPHY, S. [ho.-n itt,j-,uoc,Gr. 
 the world, and '/^a<*^j}^ a deuription ot the fe- 
 veral parts of the world ; or the art of deli- 
 neating its feveial bodies according to their 
 mag.-iitudes, motion', relations, &€. h con- 
 fjfts of geography and aftrcnomy. 
 
 COSMC'POLITER, or COSMOPO'LI- 
 
 TAN, S. [fiom ycrf-ic;,, Gr. and "StsXiti;;] 
 
 a citiaen vi the wurlu j one who is ac 
 
 4 home
 
 COT 
 
 hoiTic in all companier, and 5n all countri'S. i 
 COST, S. Uojl.u,, It J. J the price or iro- 
 ney given for the p"tchareof a thinii ; charge; 
 expence, Figurativt-Jy, fumptuoufueiSj lux- 
 ury ; lofs ; detrim-m. i 
 To COST, V. N. [prefer and participle 
 preter cojl j of cojijrc, Ital. c;ujhr, Fr.] lo be 
 purch -lecl or bou^hi ^t a particul-r (um. 
 
 CO'STaL, Adj. fiVom .£>/?a, Lat, a rib] 
 beloiiiH'^ to the ribs. 
 
 CO'STARJD, S. f.Tom ccjitr, a head] the 
 hea^l or fkull. " Taki; hi:n over the cojfanl 
 with the b-'lt." Sb.ik. In Cat^lefiing, a 
 round bulky apple, lomewhat rcfcmbling the 
 head, 
 
 CO'STIVE, Adj. {conf.ipatii', Lat, cen- 
 fii^i, Fr.] bound in the body ; g^ng feldoin 
 to (Joo), Fiauraiively, hanisncd. 
 
 CCS TIVENESS, S. in Msrficine, a pre- 
 ternatural detention of the exttcments, at 
 tended with a difficulty of dTfcii.irging thenn. 
 CO'STLINESS, S. furTiptuoufnefs j ex- 
 penfivencfs ; the great value, or fura required 
 for the purchafc of a thing, 
 
 CO'STLY, Adj. renuiring a l.irge fiim, or 
 much money for its purchafe; expenfive. Fi- 
 guratively, rire; viiuatle. 
 
 COS'TUS, S. [Lat.j in Botanj-, a fweet- 
 fceiited hvrb. 
 
 COTA'NGENT, S, in^ Geometry, t^e 
 compldaiienr of an arch, which is the com- 
 plement ef another to 90 degrees. 
 
 COTE'M!'ORARY, Adj. [f.om con and 
 Uivpui, Lat.j living at the lame ti.Tie with 
 anoilicr. 
 
 CO'T-LAND, S, land belonging to a cot- 
 tage. 
 
 CO'T-.QyEAN, S. [from wrc^Sax. a hou'e, 
 and quean, of c'cucn or qvcn^.^ Sax. or tieenr. 
 Goth, a wife, or womaaj a purfon v, h<t dfftc 
 cioufly concerns h^'nfrlf v.ith womens aiTairj. 
 Cot, it? ab'^reviation. is onlv \n ufc. 
 
 CO'TTACE,S. [SceCOTJ a little rrean 
 houfe or liuC. 
 
 CO'TTaGER, S. one who dwells in a 
 hut or cnttag?. iu Law, one who lives on a 
 common without psying rent, and without 
 any l-ind? of his oao. 
 
 CO' iTON, S. [iotilon, Brir. ccitone, Ital. 
 ^Bton, Fr.J the rown of the fruit of the cot- 
 ton-tree. Cotton likev/ife f;gniiies a coarfc 
 kind of cloth made of its thresd?, when fpun. 
 To COUCH, V. N, {ccucl~er, Fr,J to lie 
 down on a bed ; to lie down on the knees bent 
 tinder, applied to beafts ; to lie in wait or arn- 
 bufli 5 to lay under ;'.s a ttratum. " The<lecp 
 which ccucbeih beneath." Dcu!. xxxiii. 13, 
 To floop or finlc down, through preiiu.-e of a 
 heavy burtlun, or thro'j(;h pain, fear, or re- 
 fpr.ct ; to include J to con'prife ; to iirp.e by 
 way of implication. " The great arguTient 
 for a future ft te, is couchni in the words 1 
 have reid." Attcri.if\\ To include by wav 
 of analogy or in.lirrdly ; to incline a fpear in ■>, 
 proper pcfturc tor attack. ''Ce*f 4- iheir fpeais," 
 
 GOV 
 
 V .ir. Lciji. In Surgery, to deorefs, or take oflF 
 a Him, wliich otiflruiffs the H^htj call^.i im- 
 properly, couchivg the eye, qr couching a paiienSf 
 inft.'^.id of couchii.g a catjr:t3. 
 
 COUCH, S. [rro-.Ti «he verbj a long feat 
 furnifhcJ with a mattrafs, on which people 
 lie down t'er reuoie, or t^h. 
 
 COU-'CHANT, Part. [Fr] lying down; 
 Iquatting. In ftetal.My, auplieJ to the pofture 
 of a bealt ly'ng with his belly on the ground, 
 hii. legs bei-.t under him, and his head Inoknnj 
 upwards 
 
 'coUCHE;E, S. [Fr.] the lime of goifij 
 to b-" ', oppnlsd to le-ue'e. 
 
 COC'CHER, S, one who couches pwfons 
 (or cataraiH j an oculill. 
 
 COUVE, S. [from coa^vth; Fr.] a fma!! 
 creek or biy; a (belter or cover. 
 
 CO/VENANT, S. [con-venint, Fr, coti-v^n- 
 
 tum, L^U \ an agreement between two perfons, 
 
 ToCO'VENANT, V. ?vT. to barg.in; to 
 
 agree, or rtipulate ; to agree with a perfon oa 
 
 c;rt?in ro'^aiiions. 
 
 COVENANTE'E, S, in Law, one who is 
 a party in an asreement, or covenant. 
 
 CO'VE'NANTER, S. one who mrijiss n.i 
 agreen^eflt viith another, 
 
 COVE'NO'JS, A.HJ. [from coinr] in Law, 
 fidudulent J with .in inten'ion to deceive or 
 thejt. " Coi'sr.otis Isaies." Bac. 
 
 CO'VENTRY,S.alargewdpopulou?citv, 
 ofWarwickfiiire, q'u the little river Sherborne, 
 I remarkable for the Vlue rinse of its water. 1% 
 • irives a considerable trade, and the manuL-c» 
 I ttireof tammifcis their principal employment, 
 next to weaving 01 oidimry ribltands, particii- 
 I laily black. The buildings jr« old. in this 
 jcity two parlisments have been held, the one 
 ' in the rei-n of Kinu; Henry IV. Cdil,-d Parlia- 
 mentuin indoc7lo;U3i, and the other in that of 
 king Henry VJ, dcnorrinated Parliamentmn 
 diaboiicuin, a? jttainets p<!T d in it agjjnft 
 the YoikiHf. It is governed by a mayor, and 
 returns two members to parliam-nis. Till pf 
 la'e it had but two p,.rifl» churches, Hply Tri- 
 nity and St. .Michael ; but a third hiS been 
 Urely adde.i, which is called St. John the Bap. 
 tiih Jt is uni-td to the fee of Liivhficld, 
 Ahere the cithcdrsl is, Coventry crofs is a 
 fine G3t!iic ftrufhire, and at the S. end of 
 the town is a tall fpire, all thnt is left of the 
 Grey Friars church. I's weekly market* are 
 Wednef 'ays and Fridays. it holds an .ual 
 faiis on May z, for horfes, cows, and (h.^p j 
 Friday in Trinity wetk, for flanneh, linen, 
 and woollen ; and the firfl day is :hc rcprcfen^ 
 tation of lady Gndiva on horfob-ck, and a. 
 procuRion ot the inhabitants ; N -vember 1, 
 (or linen, and woollen cljtii, and hoi fcs. jc 
 lies 15 miles N, of Warwick, ani ninety N". 
 W. or Londi^n. Lat. 52 dcg. 29 min. N. 
 Ion?, i drj;. 27. mill. W. 
 
 To CO'VER, V. A. {nufrlr, Fr.] (a 
 fpread, or ovcrfpre.id with fometbinn ; to cun- 
 cual voder fogoeihiog j to bide b/ faife appear-
 
 c o u 
 
 ances, or fpecious pretexts ; to overwhelm, or 
 bury. " Raillery and wit ferve only to (over 
 noiifenfe with fliame." Watts, To conceal, 
 as in a wrapper, from human fight, " Cha- 
 rity {hall co'Vir a multiturie ot fins.", i Pe- 
 ter iv. 8. To copulate with the other fex, ap- 
 plied to hotfes. To wear a hat, or other co- 
 vering oil the head. " To be cc-vered\n the 
 prefence of the king." DryA. 
 
 CO'VER, S. that which is fpread over an 
 other. Figuratively, concealment , a fpecious 
 pretence to conceal or hide a pcnon's dcfigns, 
 lifed withyjr. 
 
 CO'VER, S. flie'ter ; a place free from 
 danger, ufed with unrhr. 
 
 CO'VERING, S. dre'.s ; any thing fpresd 
 over another. 
 
 CO''V ER LET, S. [from rj«w?r and !it, 
 Fr.j the uppermoU parr of the bed-cloath'; ; 
 or an ornsmentai covering thiown over tiie 
 reft of the bed-cloafhs. 
 
 CO' VERT, S. \ccuz-ert, rr.j a flielter, or 
 pUce of detence Irom oon^er j a thicket or 
 hiding pbce. 
 
 CO'VLRT, Adj. [couverf, Fr.] flieltered ; 
 TiOt open, or expnfed. Figuratively, fee ret ; 
 oriva'e ; concealed by fome fair prttexr, or fpe- 
 cious appearance. In Lav.', under protection 
 or ilieltcr ; hence femn.e cou-vtrt, is ufed for a 
 married woman. Cot-ert lUi'y, in FottificatioH, 
 3 fpacc oi ground, level with the field on the 
 edge of the ditch, three or four fathom broad, 
 ranging round the half moons, or o'.her works. 
 
 CO'VERTLY", Ai'.v. in a fccrer, clofc; pri 
 vate, or indirect manner. 
 
 CO'VERTNESS, S. the quality of being 
 hidden; unperceivcd i in.-iif-dl ; or infid'ous. 
 
 CC'Vr.RTURE.S. ihelter J riefence ?gainft 
 any danger or inconvenience. Figuratively, a 
 J'pecioiis pretext or aj-peatance to conceal a 
 \)iA dcfign. Ln Law, iKe fiate or condition 
 of a married woman. 
 
 To CO' VET, V. A. [_ccnvo!tre, Fr.] to He- 
 fire vehemsn'ly v.;hat a perfon is not poireffed 
 • f i to profeciitP, or endcavi iir to acquire with 
 great e-gemefs. " Co-vtt earncflly the belt 
 gifts." I Cor. xii. 31. Neuterly, to have a 
 Jlrong ni;d vinl>nt delire. 
 
 CO'VLRTABLE, Adj. th.t which ip pro- 
 per or fir, or worthy to be defired or wifhed for. 
 
 CO'VETOUS, Adj [(onvDileux, conicitetife, 
 Fr.] fxceeciing dcfi/ous of; it ordinat;Jy ea- 
 jrer after the acquiring and prcferviog of mo- 
 ney ; avaritious ; dt-firous : fond; or eager 
 to polTefs, ufed in a go. d fenO:. 
 
 COVETOUSL'i', Acv. in a greedy, ava- 
 ritious manner. 
 
 CO'VE 1 OU.SNE^S, S. the o'laliry of Ke- 
 ing inordinately forid of nioney, i.r eager after 
 gain. 
 
 CO'VEY, S. [.i^/r.V, Fr.J hatch ; or ?ri 
 old !'ird with her young : a number or col 
 ItClion of birds nrar one ^'nothef. 
 
 COVGH, S. fpronwuRCcri ci,ff, from l.U'h- 
 Befg j in mcJicin-, a coiivulfivs moticnof tlit 
 
 c o u 
 
 Haphrsgm, tnufcies of the larynx, thol-ar, and 
 abdomen, violently inaliing and expelling the 
 air drawn into the kincs bv infpiralion. 
 
 To COUGH, V. N. [kuchr, Belg. t,-f, 
 m.] to have the diaphragm or lungs coovulled 
 by the irrltuion of feroiis humours, which 
 thfv endeavour to expel, and by that means 
 caule a noife like an cxolofion j to make a 
 noife in endeavouring to difcharge the trachea 
 Or lungs ot the lymph with which it is over- 
 charged, on account of the floppage of per- 
 fpiration. Ad^ivsly, to eject or clear by couj;,h- 
 ing, ufed with up. 
 
 COU'GHER, S. a p.erfon afefted with a 
 cough. 
 
 CO'VI!^, or COVINE, S. [cwenh; or 
 cou-vrir, F:. to hide] a.n agreement between 
 rwi) or more, in order to cheat a pt-rfon. 
 
 CO'VING, S. [!rom cove or cctivrir, Fr. 
 to coverj in building, applied to houl'es pro- 
 -.efting over the gruund plot. Or the turned 
 pr ijcfture arched v.lrh timber, lathed and 
 pLftered. 
 
 COULD, [the preter-imperfe£l of can\ 
 was able 5 or had in my power to. 
 
 CO'ULTER, S. [culler, Lat.] the fliarp 
 iron which cuts the earth, perpendiculjr to 
 the plough fiiare. 
 
 COU'NCIL, S. \ccr.c'dmm, Lat. c-^nft:!, Fr.] 
 an aircmbly met together to confidsr, exa- 
 mine, or Heliberaie on any fubjeft. 
 
 COU'NCIL-BOARD, S. (See IJOARD] 
 a table at which matters of Hate are taken in- 
 to confideration. 
 
 COU'NSEL, S. [fornV/aw, Lat. «-.>;/W/, Fr. 
 corjiglio, ItJl.] advice, or directions given to' 
 a perfon to rejjulate h's conduft, an J form 
 his purluits b} • In Law, a perfon who pleads 
 at the bar, an abtirf vi jtion ot c'-unji tor. 
 
 To COU'NSEL, V. A, [conJtUlcr, Fr.] ro 
 give advice, or inform a perlon of the a.olt 
 advantaf^eous way of regulating any point in 
 his conduit, or ordering any particnhir mea- 
 fuie ; 10 ailvlfc aiiy p^<rticul<ir meafure. 
 
 COU'NSCLLABLE, Adj. reany to follow 
 the advice or perfuafion of others. 
 
 COU'NSCLLOR, S. one who gives advx« 
 to, or tndcjtrours to perliiade another ; a con - 
 fidant. Figuratively, one whofe province it la 
 to advife in matters of fla'e. In Law, a per- 
 !on who is conlulted on any difficulty s^rifing 
 in any v^iiting, who pleads at the bar, and 
 hos been adrr.i'ted as a bartifter. 
 
 COU'NSELLORSHIP, S. the cffice, or 
 poft ni a co-.infellrr. 
 
 To COUNT, V. A. \jt:*tt;r, Fr. (oKjttitc, 
 Lat. J to number, or trll ; to reckon ; to ef- 
 reem ; to account, to look upon in anv patti- 
 cula- light; to impute or charge, ufed witA 
 to, Miitcrly, to draw as a ccntrquence from J 
 to found or build a fcheine or argument 
 upon. 
 
 COUNT, .S^. [c'.rr.pte, Fr.] See COMPT,' 
 
 COUN'T, S. [comte, Fr. comes. Ldt.J a> 
 KobleiBi.T who poficffes a domain erefled into'
 
 c o u 
 
 > county, in rank between a du'ic and a 
 baron, and bears on his arms a c<ironet adorn- 
 ed with three precious ftones, and furmount- 
 ed with three Urge leaves, whereof thofe 
 Jn the middle and extremities advance above 
 tjie reft. 
 
 COU'NTABLE, Arj. that which may be 
 numbered. 
 
 COrNTE'NANCE, S. [ccntcnance, Fr.] 
 the form of the face, or' pariicuKir cafl otthe 
 fea'tires. Figuravively, air, or look. To keep 
 C'jumenunce, a compolure ot the features and 
 complexion wherein they undergo no change. 
 Figuratively, prote£lion, patronage, fupport. 
 
 To COUNTE'NANCE, V. A. [Uora the 
 no'jnj to fupporr, favour, or protedh Figu- 
 ratively, to a<S fiiitable to ; to keep up the 
 appearance of a thing ; to encourage } to ap- 
 pear in defence of. 
 
 COTJNTE'NANCLRjS. one who appears 
 in behalf, or enco'irage'j a perfonor defijn. 
 
 COU'NTER, S. [contolr, Fr.J a falie piece 
 of money, ufed as a means of reckoning. Fi 
 guratively, money, ufed in contempt ; the ta- 
 ble or board on which goods are (hewn, or mo- 
 ney told, in a Ihop. 1 a Fai riei v, that pan of j 
 horfe's forehand that lies bttwcea the /liouloer 
 and under the neck. 
 
 COU/NTER, Adv. [cor.;re, Fr. (ontra, 
 l.at.J in oppofition ; contrary. 
 
 To COUNTER A'CT, V. A. to df.arcy 
 the power of any caufe, by ac'lini; cents ary to 
 it. 
 
 ToCOUNTERBA'LLANCE, V. A. to 
 wc'gh one thin..; agaijift aiiolher. f igirrative- 
 Jy, to art againii with an oppofite effert. 
 
 To COUNTERBU'FF, V.N. to beatb,ick 
 a thing in motion, in a ditet^lion conrrary to 
 that in which it moved atfiift ; to ft:ike or 
 bejt back. 
 
 COUNTERBUTF.S. a blow which makes 
 9 thing move in a contrary direction ; a liroke 
 which mzkes a thins tccoii. 
 
 COUNTE'RCHaNGE, S. a mutual 
 changing of things betv^eea two or more per- 
 Tons. 
 
 To COUNTE'RCHAWCE, V.N. to give 
 and receive; to change one thing for another. 
 
 COUNTERCHA'RM, S. a (pell madeule 
 of to deflroy or counterjdt the ti\'tt\i of an- 
 other. 
 
 ToCOUNTERCHA/RM, V. A. to de- 
 .ftroy the eifeft ot a charm by cyuutcract- 
 ing it. 
 
 To COUNTERCHE'CK, V. A.. to flop 
 by d fudden onf^mflioa or oupofiiion. 
 
 To COUNTERDRA'vV; V. A. to copy 
 a defign by means ol' a iint linen cloth, oiled 
 paper, or other tr..n(parent (ubftance, where- 
 on the flrokes appearing, are followed or tra- 
 ced witli ■> pencil. 
 
 To COUN'Jr^RFElT, V. A." [c-^r.fe 
 friit, from ignittfjiir, Fr.] to copy or lanitJte 
 with an inten'ijn to make tlje thii;g psfs for 
 an otiiiinai j tojaiitite: to reiepicle. Fi^u- 
 
 c o u 
 
 ratlvely, to put on the appe^vrance oF fomB'' 
 thing really excellent. 
 
 COUNTE'RFEIT, Adj. made or copied 
 from another, with an intention to be paire4 
 for an original ; forged ; fiftitious. Figura- 
 tivelv, deceitful ; hypocritical. 
 
 CQUNTE'RFEIT, S. oae who perfonates 
 another ; an impo(^or. 
 
 COUNTE'RFEiTER, S. a forger; one 
 who imitates a thing with- intentioi? to pafs 
 the refembjance as an original. Ufed in an 
 ill fenfc. 
 
 COUNTE'RFEITLV, Adv. with forgery 5 
 fiftltiouriy ; with dilTiniuiation. 
 
 COUNTERGA'GE, S. in Carpentry, a 
 method ufed in mcafuring thejoints, by tram-? 
 ferring the breadth of a moitife to the plai.? 
 in the timber where the tenon is to be, in or« 
 der to make them fit each other. 
 
 COUNTER'LIGHT, S. in Painting, a. 
 window or light oppofite to any tiling wiiich 
 makes it .nppear to a difadvaatsce. 
 
 To COUNTERMA'ND, V. A. [co7:t'-f^ 
 mondsr, Fr.] to order fomethins contrary to 
 what has bee.n commanded ; to contradict, or 
 repeal an order. Figuratively, to oppole ; to 
 fet one's felf m oppo(ition to th: commmds ot 
 another. 
 
 ToCOUNTERMA''RCM,V. A. to marc i^ 
 in a direflion ©ppofj^e to that in which ai? 
 army bestari ; to march back. 
 
 COUNTERM.VRCH, S. in Vv'ar, a 
 change of the wings and front of a battalion, 
 whereby the men \t\ the front come to be m 
 the rear. F:gi;rativcly^ a change or a'.t^ratior; 
 of meafures, or conduct, oppofite to thols 
 which preceded. 
 
 COUNTER MA/RK, S. a fecond or third 
 .Tiaik put on a bale of goods belonging to (eve- 
 ral pcrfons, th.it it may not be opened but ia 
 the ore.'ence of them all. 
 
 cbUNTERMi'N'E, S. in War, a fubter- 
 raneous palfage made by the befieged in lear'll 
 of the enemy's mine, to take out trie powder, 
 give air to It, or any other ways fruftrate it§ 
 effe<:is. 
 
 ToCOUNTERMl'NE, V. A. [iVnm the 
 noun] to dig a pailage into an enemy s mine;^ 
 by which the powder may be t.iktn out, air 
 given to. it, or othjr means ufed to fruitratc 
 itb'i.itention. Figu^aiivrly, to fruffra'e a de- 
 fign; IQ counte:woik or defeat by I'ecretmea- 
 iures. 
 
 COUNTERMO'TIQN, S. a motion op- 
 pofiie or contrary to another. 
 
 COUNTERMU'KE S. {c.nttmur, Fr.J 
 a little W..11 built clofe 10 anothci, to ftrengtherj 
 and fecure it. 
 
 COUN lERNOrSF, S. a 'nund or noife 
 ma(le in oppofition 10 another, in order IQ 
 drown i^ and liiiirter its bei..,;, Heard. 
 
 CQUNTtRG/:^L.N!NG, S. an opening; 
 vent, or aperture, oppol'' e to another, 
 
 tOU-.NTERPAN£,S. [cmnpoint, Fr.] a 
 
 cloih or o.-nam^ntil cyvering UiJ over a t^'d. 
 
 T COUN'-
 
 c o u 
 
 COUNTERPA'RT, S.*a part' oppofite to, 
 or which anf^ers another, 
 
 COU'NTERPLEA, S. the p!ci of a rc- 
 fpcntiert to thit of another ; a reply, in order 
 ti) oppofe the l^l(•a of another. 
 
 To COUNTERPLO'T, V, A. to play one 
 plot againft another ; to endeavour to hin<ier 
 the effetls of, by forming and carrying on one 
 of a contrary tendency. 
 
 COUNTERPLOT, S. a ftratagem or at- 
 tifice Ofpofed to another. 
 
 To COUNTERPO'JSE, V. A. [from cen- 
 tre &n& fio'uiS, Fr.] to place one weight agsii.ft 
 another ; to a£t againft with equal weight. 
 Figurat:vely, to produce a contrary aflion by 
 an equal weight ; to ad with equal power 
 againft anv perlon or caufe. 
 " COUNTERPO'ISE. S. a weight which is 
 heavy enough to ccuntei balance another. Fi- 
 gurative y, an equivalent, or thing of equal 
 worth with another. 
 
 COUNTERPOPSON, S, a medicine by 
 which the eSisdVs of poifon are hindeied, or 
 COunterafted. 
 
 COUNTERPRE'SSURF, S. an oppafite 
 force or preflure, by which that which prelTes 
 the contrary way is counterpoifed, or de- 
 Itroyed. 
 
 COUNTERSCA'RP, S. {cortrefcayfCyTT.'] 
 jn Fonificatinnjihat part of theditch which is 
 next the camp, or the acclivity or exterior part 
 ot the ditch next the country, or field ; feme- 
 times it is taken tor the whole coverx-way, or 
 ghcis. 
 
 To COUNTERSI'GN, V. A. to fign an 
 order or inftrumsnt figned before bv a king or 
 perfon of higher rank ; tijus when a charter 
 is figned by the king, and afterwards by the 
 fecrt-tarv, the latter is faid to courterJJgr. it. 
 
 COUNT£R-TENOR,S.oneof themean 
 or middle parts of mufic, fo called becaufc 
 oppofite to the tenor. 
 
 COUNTERTU'RN, S. in Dramatic Poe- 
 try, the cataftafis, or full growth of a play, 
 which deftroys the cxpeftatioi;, embroils the 
 adion in new difRci.lties, and leaves a perfon 
 difrant from that hope in which it found 
 him. 
 
 To COUNTER VA'JL, S. [contra and -va- 
 let, Lat. j to acfb with a force oppofite to ano- 
 ther; 10 beif tquil force with another. Fi- 
 guratively, to be equal toj to compenfaie for ; 
 lo countei balance. 
 
 COUNTERVA'iL, S. equal v/eight or 
 force } power or value fulficient to oppofs or 
 hinder any contrary etTe£l, or objeflion. Fi- 
 guratively, a compenfation, or ihat which is 
 ■'of equal worth with fomethini; eli'e. 
 
 COUNTER VIE^W, S. oppofuion, or a 
 fituation in which two perfms front each 
 other, figuratively, oppofition, or a deiign 
 which is contrary to that of another. In 
 Painting, a co;-,traft, or fitnatioJi in which 
 tv.'O things illuftrate or fet oftt-ach other. 
 
 To COUNTERWO'RK, V. A. to cr.dea- 
 
 C O 17 
 
 vour to hinder another cfieft by afllng againl 
 It 5 to counter.-'cl, 
 
 COU'NTESS, S. [comtefe, Fr.] the wif« 
 of a count or e^rl. 
 
 COU'NTING-HOUSE, S. a place or 
 room where tracers fettle and poft their books, 
 or keep their accounts. 
 
 COU'NTLESS, Adj. that which cannot 
 be numbered or counted. 
 
 eOU'NTRY, S, [contrie, Ft.'] a traft o? 
 land under one governor. Figuiatively, thofa 
 parts of a kingdom which are atadiftance 
 trom cit.es or courts 3 the place of any perfon's 
 birth, or dwelling ; the inhabitants of any 
 kinndom. 
 
 COU'NTRY, Adj. rude j ur,polite ; un- 
 cultivated 5 ruftic. At a diftance in fituation, 
 or oppofition in principles, to the court. Fi- 
 guratively, rudcj untaught; ignorant. Coun- 
 irydanct, fecms to be derived from the French, 
 which fignines that the partneis ftand oppofite 
 to each other ; but not trom its being a man- 
 ner of dancing peculiar to the country. 
 
 COUNTRYMA'X, S. one born in the 
 lame kingdom or ihire with another. Figura^ 
 tively, a perlon bred at a diftance from cities 
 or courts. 
 
 COU'NTY, S. [eorr.te, Fr.] a (hire, or 
 pouion of the realm into which the kingdom 
 is divided ; an earldom. 
 
 COUPE'E S. [Fr.] in dancing, a motion 
 made with the leg forwards, while the othar 
 IS bent ?nd lufpencied from the ground. 
 
 COU'PLE, S. Iccupk, Fr. copula, Lat.] a 
 chain, or band wijich holr.s dogs together} 
 two ; a pair. Figuratively, a male and fe- 
 male, joined in marriage. 
 
 To COU'PLE, V.'^A. {copulo,\.zx. Seethe 
 noun] to chain or faften two or more dogs to- 
 gether. Figuratively, to join two or more 
 things of the fame kind together ; to join two 
 perions together in marriage j to join in em- 
 braces, or copulate, 
 
 COU'PI.ET, S. two verfes rhimJng to- 
 gether. Figuratively, a pair. 
 
 COU'RaGE, S, a manly bravenefs of 
 mind, which enables a perfon to run any ri/ks, 
 undergo any difficulties, and confront any dan- 
 gers, arifing from a fenfe of duty, and a fear 
 yf crt'ending him that mide us. 
 
 COUR.'\'GEOUS, Adj. [courageux, Fr.] 
 rc!"oli;;ely bold, and undercking any enter- 
 prize, though attended with dangers, and fur- 
 rounded with difficiiliies, 
 
 COURA'GEOUSLY, Adv. in a manner 
 free from fear, and re'.olutely oppofing dif- 
 ficulties and dingers, 
 
 COU'RANT, or COU'R ANT10,S. [ecu- 
 r^inte, Fr.J any thing which is Ipread or pub- 
 lifhed quickly ; hence courant has been ufed 
 for the title ot a news paper. 
 
 COURIE'R, S. Fr. [from courir, Fr. to 
 runj a melfenger fent in h-ifte with difpatchet 
 reta'.ing to the ftate ; an exprefs, 
 
 COURSE. S. a rate. Figuratively, the
 
 c o u 
 
 cow 
 
 place where races are run. A turn, or order I COURTIE'R, S. one who frequents tte 
 
 «f fucceflion, ufed with in. " Every one tn 
 his ciurfe,''' A methodical procedure ; a 
 feries wherein the feveral parts have a mutual 
 dependence on each other, and comprife the 
 whok of any fcience or fyftem. " A courfe ot 
 philofophy, chemiftry, &c." A method or 
 manner of aiflion or proceeding ; method of 
 life; or train of aftion ; natural inclination ; 
 a feries or confequence. In Cookery, a num- 
 ber of di(hes fee at one time on a table. In 
 Archite£lure, a continued range of flonef, level 
 cr of the fame height throughout the whole 
 lengtli of building, without any inierrupticn 
 or aperture. In Sea Affaiis, the tradl or line 
 in which a fiiip fails. Courfes, the main-fail 
 and fore-fail of a fhip. 
 
 To COURSE, V. A. to hunt ; to purfue 
 game ; to purfue with dogs that hunt in view • 
 to exercife in running or galloping. Neuterly, 
 to run j to pafs j or make itlelf a pall'age j to 
 rove. 
 
 COU/RSER, S. a fwifthotfe. 
 COURT, S. [cour, Fr. cone, Ital.] the 
 pbce where a prince rcfides; a hall or apart- 
 rcent, wherein juftice is aJminirtered ; an open 
 /"pace before a houfe; a fmail place encloCed 
 with buildings, excepting an avjnue which 
 leads to it, and having no paflage at the other 
 end. Figuratively, the retinue or perfuns which 
 attend on a prince in his pjlite j any jurifdic- 
 tion, militaty, civil, cr eccieiiafiical. 
 
 To COURT, V. A. to woo ; to endeavour 
 to engage the afledlions of a woman, with a 
 view of mairiage. Figuratively, to follicit ; 
 to feek aiier with eagernefs j to tlutter ; to en- 
 deavour to pleafe. or to infinuatc one's fell into 
 the grod graces of another. 
 
 COU'RT-HAND, S. a large fquare cha- 
 rafler, abounding in abbreviations, in which 
 records and Ijv/ proceedings v/ere foimerly 
 wrote. 
 
 COUB.TEO/US, A<lj. [ccurtoh, Fr.j affa- 
 ble ; polite ; mil of refpefl and civility. 
 
 COURTEO'USLY, Adv. in a refpeftful, 
 c;vil, comj.laifant manner. 
 
 COURTHO'USNESS. S. civil, afJalle, and 
 cnmplaifant behaviour, tending to gain the 
 afTeflion of another. 
 
 COU'RTESAN, or COURTEZA/N, S. 
 lcoi/>nJ:we, Fr. cortf^iania, Itil ] an unchafte 
 woman ; a prnfiituti.. 
 
 COU'RTESV, S. [couytofte, Fr. nrtcjih, 
 Ital.j a genteel, aft'dble, anJ polite addicif, 
 wherehy a perfon engages eflecTi and affedUon ; 
 an aft of kindnefs, civility, or refpedl. Fi- 
 guratively, the method in which woman (ricw 
 their refpert of ceremony, i. e. by betiding the 
 Itnees and finking the body. In Law, a te- 
 nure, not of right, but purely by the favour 
 and good nature of others. Cuiirtcfy ef Ei:g- 
 land, is applied to a right winch a perfon lias 
 to an inheritance, who marries an heirels, that 
 h;<s a child by him^ after both Ihe and the 
 chiid arc dead. 
 
 courts of princes ; one who efpoufes the mea- 
 fures o( the coui t, in oppofition to thofe of the 
 country ; one who foUicitj and endeavours to 
 engage the aftedtions or elteem of another. 
 
 COU'RTLIKE, Adj. elegant; polite; re- 
 fembling the court. 
 
 _ COU'RTLINESS, S. elegance o^manners 
 civiUty of behaviour, anu politenefs of ad- 
 dref>. 
 
 COU'RtLY, Adj. relating to, favouring, 
 or flattering the court. Adverbially, in the 
 manner of courtiers j elegantly. 
 ^ ToCOU/RTSEY, V.N. [p, enounced a/rf- 
 jej] to fink the body by bending the knees, 
 applied to the method ufed by the fair fex, to 
 fl'.ew their refueit and breeding. 
 
 COU'RTSHJ?, S. the aft of endeavourirg 
 to gain the favour of a fuptrior, or the afiec« 
 tions of a woman. 
 
 _ COU'SIN, S. Icoufwe, Fr. cugino, Ital.] a 
 title of relation, applied to thole who are born 
 of two fifiets, or two brothers. Figuratively, 
 a tit!:g;ven by :hs king to a nobleman, elpe- 
 cially to fuch as lorm the privy council. 
 
 COW, S. the fenwie of the la.ger or bl.ick 
 cattle ; its young are called calves ; the male a 
 bull ; and its flefli, when killed, beef. 
 
 To COW, V. A. [by contraftion from 
 cotvaid] to deprefs, to keep in great fu'njec- 
 tion, lo as to render a perfon unable to under- 
 take any bold and generous a(flion. 
 
 CO'WARD, S. [couard, Fr. cchardf, or 
 co'vardc, Span.] a perfon who is viiioufly ti- 
 morous, or afraid of oppofing any danger ; a 
 woid of great reproach. 
 
 CO'WARDICE, S. an exrefTive timorouf- 
 n;f?, wh:ch renders a perfon the contempt of 
 his adverfaries, and the fcorn of his friends. 
 
 CO'W.AKDLINESS, S. the quality of 
 adling like a cow.jrJ. 
 
 CO'WARDLY, Acij. in the manner of a 
 perfon whc is a.'raid to fhew refentment, or 
 oppofe an enemy. 
 
 To CO'WER, V. N. [cwrr'ian, Brit, cour- 
 ier, Fr.] to floop by bending the knees, ap- 
 plied to beafls. Figuratively, to floop or hjDg 
 over a thing, applied t« the attiiude of a hu- 
 man creature. 
 
 CO'WISH, Adj. timorous j fearful to a 
 vice. 
 
 COWL, S. [ci'glt, Sax. ho-vel, Big. cucul, 
 Rrit. cucuUu!, Lat.J a k'nd of veil worn ly 
 monks ; a vefTel in wiiich water is earned on a 
 pole hetween two. 
 
 COWLtiY, [Abraham] one of the ted 
 poets of the 17th century, w.is born near the 
 end of Chancery-lane, in Flect-ftieet, London, 
 in 1618. His fattier was a grocer, and died 
 elorc he was bom ; his motticr, by the inie- 
 reft of his friends, procured him to be adrniaei 
 a kin^i's fchoiar at Wcftmn ilcr-lchool, Evc.i 
 here Ins genius dawned wuh pii.mifing ray?, 
 1,. ce in his i6th year, he publifhed a colkition 
 ■jt verfes called Poetical iJloU'omsi it is itmark- 
 T a «4
 
 c o z 
 
 ibi of h'm tlut he could never remember, even 
 at fchool, the common rules of grammar, but 
 I'upi lie(i that defedl by an intimate acquaint- 
 
 C R A 
 
 a perfon by falfe appearances, In order to <^(j* 
 
 prive him of his property ; a fraud, impofture« 
 
 CO'ZENER, S. one who cheats or defrauds 
 
 ance v/lth books. He was entered at Trinity I another by means of fpecious pretences, or falfe 
 coHege, Cambridge J whence, notwithftanding I appearances. 
 
 the piirity of liis moral?, and the fame of his 
 abilities, be was ejccled in 1643, and imme- I 
 diately retired to St. John's college, Oxford. 
 His talents were fo great for public bufinefs^ 
 tiiat they introduced him to an intimate ac- 
 quaintance with the royal family, occafionpd 
 his going to France with the Q^mother, and his 
 being fcnt back again in order to give intelli- 
 gence of the affairs of the kingdom ; a charge 
 he performed with fomuch fecrecy and addrefs, 
 that he eluded all difcovery. On the re-efta- 
 blifhmcnt of the royal f.imily, he retired from 
 bufinefs, and living in a private manner, excr- 
 cifed the great talents he poflcffcd on fubjeds 
 worthy ot the pen of a man, and the thoughts 
 of a Chri:ti.\n. Tio' blefl with grent ta 
 lents, he poflelVed no lefs modcfty 5 though 
 employed in the molt dangerous affairs, he 
 acquitted himfelf with addrefs and eafe, and 
 was accomplifted with all manner of abilities 
 adapted to the greateft employs. As a poet, 
 he is fuppofed to have had rather too much, 
 than too little v.it ; to have nut been curious 
 enough in the choice of his words, or in the 
 lidrmonv of his numbers : but for fublimity ol 
 thought, variety of ilyle, or fertility of inven- 
 tion, no one ever furpaffed him ; he was no 
 lefs admired for his compofitions in Laiin than 
 thcfe in Englifb, and when he died at Chert- 
 fey, in 1667, deferved the (iately refpe£l which 
 perfons ot the highefl quality paid him, by 
 attending him to the gravf, and truly merited 
 that noble chara^tii'r king Charles bellov.'ed on 
 him •. " That he had not Icit a better man be- 
 hind him in England." 
 
 CO'WSLIP, S. [o'jVfpe, Sax.] in Botany, 
 a fraall yellowilh flower^ a fpecies of ine prim- 
 
 CO'XCOMB, S. an ignorant pretender to 
 knowledge and polite accompliflmients. 
 
 COXCO'MICAL, Adj. foppifli; conceitedj 
 alVefting an appearance of learning and polite- 
 nels, including the idfa of vanity. 
 
 COY, Adj. [cci, Fr.] m.odeit j referved ; 
 not fubmiuing to the fjmilaritics of a lover, 
 or teftifying any appro'iaiion of his advances. 
 
 To COY, V.N. [from the arjeftivej to 
 behave with refcrve and difapprobation of the 
 ^ f^mihirities of a lover j to condefcend with re- 
 lui'tdf.ce. 
 
 COY'LY, Adv. with referve ; with un- 
 w'llingnefs to admit any advances of a lover. 
 
 CO'YNESS, S. referve ; unwillingtiifi to 
 admit the advances or familiarities of a lover. 
 
 COV'STREL, S. -a degenerate kind of 
 hswk. 
 
 To COZE'N, V. A. to impofe on a pcrfon 
 by feigned appearances j to cheat, trick, or 
 ^etiaud 
 
 CRAB, S. [cratkj, Sax, krabbe, Betg. 
 and Ifl. kreb, Dan. and Teut.] a roundifh, 
 fiat, fea /hell-fif!i ; which every year diveft 
 themfelves of their /hell, and repair that lofs 
 by means of a jiiice, with which they cover 
 their bodies ; a wild four fmall apple, or the 
 tree that bears it. figuratively, a crofs, four, 
 morofe perfon. A wooden engine with three 
 claws, ufcd in launching (hips, or heaving them 
 into the docks. In Allronomy, one of the 
 figns of the zodiac. See CANCER. In Com- 
 pofition, it is ufed for any four or degenerate 
 fruit, as a cra^-cherry, a cr^ji-plum. 
 
 CRA'BBED, Adj. applied to the temper 
 and behaviour of a pcrfon, four, morofe, void 
 of affability. Figuratively, difagreeable, or 
 unpleafmg. "Three irrai/f^/ months." Shak, 
 Applied to writing?, not cafy to he underftood ; 
 difficult, or perplexing. " Whatever the 
 crahhetlej} author hath." Hudib. 
 
 CR A'BBEDLY, Adv. in a pecvifti, morofe, 
 fcur, and unfociable manner. 
 
 CRA'BBEDNESS, S. applied to the tafte, 
 four, or refembling that of a crab j applied to 
 the looks, croffnefs ; applied to behaviour, 
 morofenefs ; and applied to writings, difficulty, 
 or hardnefs to be underftood. 
 
 CR A'BBER, S. in Natural Hiftbry, an ani- 
 mal which preys on fifh, called likewile a 
 warer-rat. 
 
 CRATES-EYES, S. in Pharmacy and Na- 
 tural Hiftory, are found in two feparate bags 
 on each fide of the ftomach of the crawfifh, 
 and are akaline, abforbent, and in feme de- 
 gree diuretic. 
 
 CRACK, S. \o:ic, Fr. kraek, Belg.] a 
 fudden burfting, by which the parts of a body 
 are feparated from each other. Figuiatively, 
 the chink or chafm made by the feparation of 
 the parts of a body ; the found made by any 
 body in burfting or fallmg ; a found made by 
 a fudden and quick blow ; a flaw. 
 
 To CRACK, V. A. [kraeckon,Bc\i,. krc<. 
 ken, Tcut.] to break into chinks; to break or 
 fplit 5 to deflroy by breakirg; to make a flaw 
 in a thing. Neuterly, to burft ; to fplit; to 
 01 en in chinks ; to fall or run to ruin ; ;o 
 rcalce a loud nofc by burlting, or trom a fud- 
 den blow ; to bo.:)t. 
 
 CRACK-BRAINED, S. one who is difor- 
 d.;rrd in his iniellefls, or mad. 
 
 To CRA'CF:I-E, V.N. tomakealowand 
 frequent noife, refembling that of a bay leaf 
 when burnt. 
 
 CRADLE, S. [craJele, credel, Sax. crud, 
 Brit,] a fmall moveable bedfiead for chih-'rcn, 
 made cf wicker-work, and fitted with pictes 
 of wood underneath, which make the ie.^- 
 men": of a circle, by means of which it is 
 
 COZENA'GE, S. theaft of imporngupoD rocked U? and fro. Figuratively, infancy. In 
 
 Surgery,
 
 C H A 
 
 S.urfery, a kind of cafe refembling a crsdle, :n 
 which a limb is laid, that has been lately fct. 
 In fhip-building, a frame of timber raifed along 
 the otitfivie of a iliip, by the bulge ferving to 
 launch her with greater eafe and fecurity. 
 
 To CRADLE, V. A, to lay cr rock in a 
 cradle. Figuratively, to lay or compofe. 
 
 CRAFT, S. [craeft, Sax. krofft , Tcut. 
 crefft, Eiit.] a trade, or mechanic employ ; a 
 kind of low cunning, whereby one perfon out- 
 wits or over-reaches another. 
 
 CRA'FTILY, Adv. in a cunning manner; 
 in a manner which includes in it more art 
 than honefty. 
 
 CRATTINESS, S. cunning. 
 
 CRA'FTSMAN, S. an artificer, tradef- 
 man, manufadlurer, or mechanic. 
 
 CRA'FTY, Adj. cunning: full of art, 
 whereby a perlon over-reaches another, or car- 
 ries on a defign againft him without his difco- 
 very : it includes the idea of fclfillinefs, and 
 fometimes di/honefly. 
 
 CRAG, [kraighe, 3elg.] a neck, or the 
 fmall end of the neck, applied to a joint ot 
 butcher's meat. 
 
 CRAG, S. [icratg, Brit. J a rough fteep 
 rock ; the rugt^eS parts of a rock, 
 
 CRA'GGED, Adj. full of ruggedneffes, or 
 uneven parts. 
 
 CRA'GGEDNLESS, S. the flate of being 
 craggy. 
 
 CR .A.'GG Y, Adj. uneven ; broken ; rugged. 
 
 To CRAM, V. A. to ftuff by force ; or to 
 force more into a thing than it can conveniently 
 contain ; to fill with more food than a perfon 
 can conveniently eat j to thrufl: down by force, 
 applied t',> the method ufed to feed and fatten 
 turkies. N;;uterly, to eat more than a perfon 
 can well bear. 
 
 CRA'iMCO, S. [a cant word] a play in 
 which one perfon is obliged to find a rhime to 
 a word given him by another. 
 
 CRAMP, S. [krampe, Dan. crampon, Tr. 
 grat'fo, Ital.] In Medicine, a convulfive or in- 
 voluntary contraflion of the mufcular part of 
 the body, attended with great pain. Figura- 
 tively, any reftraint which hinders a perfon 
 from exerting either the faculties of his mind, 
 or the Ihengtli of his body. 
 
 CRAMP, Adj. attended with difFiculties ; 
 not ealv to be underftood : a low term. 
 
 To CRAMP, V. A. to cantraa the nluf- 
 culous parts, and thereby occafion great pain. 
 Figuratively, to reftrain, confine, obftrufl, or 
 hinder ; to fatten together with cramping 
 irons. 
 
 CRA'MP-FISH, S. in Natural Hlftcry, 
 the torpedo, a fifh which not only benumbs 
 the hands of thofe that touch it, but likewife 
 afieds them in the fame manner, when they 
 tjke it with a line and fifliing-rod. 
 
 CRANE, S, \_crutie, crdn, Sax. hrane^'Yt\i\. 
 haene, ^ft\g. gar an, Brit.] in Natural Hiftory, 
 a bird with long feet, a long neck, and long 
 beak, preying on lifli j an engine, fitted with 
 
 C R A 
 
 ropes and palleys, ufed to cnload /hips arJ , 
 Carts. Vulgarly, a fiphon, or infirument uftj 
 draw liquor out of bottles or ca/ks. 
 
 CRA'NEAGE, S. a liberty of making ufe 
 of a crane, to draw up wares from ve:Tels ia 
 any creek or fhore ; likewife the money paid 
 for the ufe of a crane. 
 
 CRA'NIUM, S. fLat. from Xj-xyjcr, Gr.] 
 in Anatomy, an afTemblage of bones, which " 
 involve and include the cerebellum and brain, 
 commonly called the fkull. 
 
 CRANK, S. [from cnkranck, Belg. of 
 krarik, Bilg.J tlie end of an iron ax's turned 
 quare down, and turned again fquare to the 
 firil turning down, fo that on the laft turning 
 down aleather thong is flipt to tread the treddle ' 
 wheel about ; or, it is a contrivance, of a fquare 
 form projeifling out, from an axis or fpindle, 
 ferving by its rotation to raife and fall the 
 piflons ot an engine for raifing water ; any 
 binding or winding paflage. Figuratively, any 
 ple:ifing conceit or pun formed by wrefting a 
 word from its original fignification. 
 
 CRANK, Adj. [ from the nounj in Sea Lan- 
 guage, is applied to a fhip, which is faid to be 
 crankfided, when flie cannot bear her fails, or 
 but fmall lail, without danger of ovet letting, 
 and to be crank hy the ground, when her floor 
 or bottom is fo narrow, that ihe cannot be 
 brought on ground without danger. 
 
 To CRANKLE. V. N. lo run in and 
 out; to run in mazes, meanders, or wind- 
 ings. "See hov/ the river comes cr^wW/W 
 in." i'hak. Aftively, to break into wind- 
 ings. " Old Vaga's Hream, craukliug her 
 banks." Philips. 
 
 CRA'NKLES, S. an unequal furface ; an- 
 gles formed by the windings of a ftream. 
 
 CRA'NNIED. Adj. full of holes or 
 chinks. 
 
 CRA'NNY, S. [creneau, Fr. crem, Ital.] 
 a chink, clefr, or a narrow hole made in a 
 rock or fol'd body. 
 
 CRAPE, S. [crepa, low Lat.] a light 
 tranfpatent manufacture refembling gauza^ 
 made of raw filk gummed and twiiled in the 
 mill, wove without crofling, and much ufed 
 in mourning. 
 
 CRA'PULENCE, S, [cra/a/a, Lat.] driin- 
 kennefs ; or the Jiforder of the head occafion- 
 ed by exceffive drinking. 
 
 CRATlJLOUS, Adj. {crabulofm, Lat.] 
 drunk ; fick or difordcred in the head by ex- 
 ceffive drinking. 
 
 To CRASH, V. N. to make a loud noife, 
 applied to that which is occaQoned by the fall 
 of feveral things at once. A£lively, to break 
 or bruife by means of force. Figuratively, to 
 drink, applied to liquor. 
 
 CRASH, S. a loud, fudden, mixed, found, 
 occafioned by feveral things falling, or being 
 daflied together. 
 
 CRA'SIS, S. [Lat.] conftitution, or the 
 habit of body formed by due temperature of 
 the humours of the body j health, 
 
 T 3 CRAS
 
 C Pv E 
 
 CHASS, ^.[crr^j/us, Lat.] thick; grof^ ; 
 not eafilv lunnin^, applied to fluids. 
 
 CRA'SSITUDE, S. [crafiiuJo, Lit.] that 
 ftate ot 3 fluid which enables it to ("uppoiC fo- 
 lid bodies withoni finking; grofTiiefj. 
 
 CRASTINA'TION, S. [crajhm, Lat.] 
 the aeljyiii.'. a iliing, which ought to be dun;: 
 immfdiately, to ancher limf. 
 
 CRA'ICH, S. [crefcbt. Ft. crates, Lat.] 
 the p..!iradoed fr^me inwhich hay is pur; a n. an- 
 ger. " 1 vac laid in the cratch " llahtc:!!. 
 
 CR AV A'T, S. a cloth worn rou.-.d the neck; 
 a neckcloth. 
 
 To CR A'VE, to a(k a thing with earneft- 
 nefs and lubmifllo'i. Figurslively, to a(k in 
 CKflantly, or wilh for without being fatibfit-d ; 
 to require as ncctfJ'ary ; to call for a claim, 
 applied lo ibing'. 
 
 CRA'VEN, S. a cock that is conquered, 
 and void of courage " No cock of mine, yon 
 ciow too like a craven.^' Shak. Figuratively, 
 a coward, or oi;e ..traid to encounter any danger. 
 To CR.-V'VEN, V. A. [fiun the noun] to 
 render inadtive by fear ; to render a pcrlon a 
 coward, or affcifl with cowardice. 
 
 CRAW, S. \crce, Dan. kragbe, Belg.] 
 the crop or (irft (lo.nicli of birds, made ry the 
 infinitely wife Aichittft of the world to'Jupply 
 the want of tepth and maftica'ion in birds. 
 
 CR.-i'VV.f liH, S. [for.ietimes wiiiten c:ay- 
 fip-, from dcrt-jtji, Tr. kreef:, Bclg.j in Nitu- 
 ral Hinory, a imall frefn vvalei-ftfa in the 
 • form of a lobiter. 
 
 To CRAWL, V, A. \h-u!in, Btly.] to 
 inove wiiii a flow motion alon^; the ground, 
 like a Worm. Figuratively, to move flow!y , 
 to move in an abjedt poflute, hated and de- 
 Ipifrd by ail. 
 
 CRAWLER, S. an anima! which moves 
 with its beily on the i.rcurd ; any anir.ial 
 moving with a fl( w or creeping motion. 
 
 CR.A'YON, [F.-.] any colour formed into 
 a rwll or penc;!, with which pictures or por- 
 traits ?.re drawn cr coloured. Figuratively, 
 anv defig.n or portrait formed with crayons. 
 
 To CRAZE, V. A. [ecrajfr, Fr.] to break. 
 Figuratively, lo cruih or weaken a claim, or 
 ar'^ument ; to pov/dcr. " 1 he craz.i'ii ttaW 
 " uruiztth it to a fins fand." Cauiv. To dif- 
 o;der the fenfes or brain of a perfon ; to make 
 a perfon mi J. 
 
 CRA'ZEDNESS, S. the flate of a thing 
 b'oken ; weaicnrls ; madnefs, applied to the 
 underfunding. 
 
 CR A'ZJNESS, S. the ftate of being mad ; 
 weakntfs. 
 
 CRa'ZY, S. r«rtf//, Fr.] broken. Figu 
 r?,tively, weak with ^ge ; decrepit; fecLlc ; 
 dilorde • in mind ; lunatic/ or mad. 
 
 To REAK, V. N. [corruptcn from frdfij 
 to make a barfn, /hiill, and diiagreeablc noii't, 
 li^^c ibat of a rufty hinge, applied both to 
 thinss and animals. 
 
 CREAM S. \cteir.e, Fr. cretr.a ItsL ere- 
 P.,r, Lat J the thick, Ui oi unduous lubr(an;.t. 
 
 C R E 
 
 whch rifcs on ih<r furfaceof milk, when it ha* 
 ftood fume time, ufed in making butter. Fi- 
 guratively, the bed, eilential, ot m.oft valuable 
 ijan of any thing. 
 
 To CREAM, V. N. to rife in cream. Fi- 
 juraiiveiv, to Inolc pale like cream. Ac- 
 tively, to ikim ofl'the cream of milk, Figura- 
 tivelv, to take or colleifl the flower, beft part, 
 or quin'eHence of a thii-.g. 
 
 ; REAM FACED, A"rtj. pale with fear, 
 CREA'MV, Adj. abounding with, or of 
 the nature of cream, 
 
 CREASE. S. a mark made in a thing by 
 folding or diubling it. 
 
 ToCRE.^SE, V. A. to make a mark in 
 any thir.H, by folding or doubling it. 
 
 To CREA'TE, V. A. [^creatum, fupine of 
 creo, Lat.] to form ("it of nothing. Figura- 
 tively, to caufe or produce ; tooccafion; to 
 confer an honour or dignity. "I create )0U 
 companions." Shak. In Law, to give a thing 
 new qualities ; or put it into a new ftate. 
 •' Power to create a manor." DaiJies. 
 
 CREA'TION, S. the aft of forming or 
 giving exiftence. In its rtrift fenfe, it implies 
 the giving exifterce- to a thing, which bad no 
 preexiftent matter. Fipuiatively, the aft of 
 conferring titles and dignity. The things 
 creatcJ; the univerfe. 
 
 CREA'TJVE, Adj. having the power to 
 form out of nothing ; exerting the atl or power 
 of creition. 
 
 CREA'TOR, S. [L^t.] the being that be- 
 ftows exiftence, or :orms, without any pre- 
 ceding ma'.tpr. 
 
 CRE.\'TURE, S. [pronounced creeture] a 
 being which ewes its exigence to lomcthing 
 elfe. Figuratively, ufed for one who owes his 
 fortuiie to, and is at the devotion of another, 
 CRE A'TURELY, Adv. having the quali- 
 ties of a c:eaied thing. 
 
 CRF.'BRiTUDE.'s. [from crther, Lat.] 
 •requenrnefs, or the quuiiiy of repeating the 
 fame thing often. 
 
 CRE'DLNCE, S. \credens, Lat.] belief; 
 credit; the aft of the niinri whereby it affenrs 
 to the tni'h of a peifon's pretcnfions, and 
 places confidence in his clairh to .fTent. Fi- 
 guratively, tbJt which gives a pcrfon right to 
 belief or crfdit. 
 
 CivEDEND.A, S. [Lat.] things or ariicles 
 which ir is iieceffjry to believe; ihofepropo- 
 fitions cr articles which are meiely the objcifts 
 of faiih, oppofed xa ager„ia, or pr«ftic^l • uties. 
 CREDE'NTIAL, S. [cuders, Lat.] that 
 which gives a right to bthet and credit; that 
 which w.^rrants a perfon's aflumingany autho- 
 rity, a.^d claims the refpeft due to one of that 
 chau-idier, 
 
 CREHIBI'LITY, S. the claim which a 
 thing m-y have to be iffented to or believed ; 
 the qujlity or eviucme which rendeiu a thiii^ 
 fit to be . ficnted tc; probability. 
 
 CRt'DlBLE, Adj. \credibi,is, Lat.] worthy 
 1 of credi", ol!er,t, or beiitf. 
 
 CRE'DiBLENESS,
 
 C R E 
 
 ■CRE'DIBLENESS, S. the quality which 
 renders a thing worthy of credit, alTent, or 
 belief. 
 
 CRE'DIBLY, Adv. in Aich a manKer as 
 itiay be alVented lo j in fuch a manner as to 
 claim belief. 
 
 CRE'DIT, S. [Fr. from credo, Lat,] be- 
 lief of a thing as a truth. Figuratively, honour, 
 ^eem, tcftimony, or reputation for hor-elty ; 
 the lending and expeftation of monty lent 
 within fome limited time j the faith repofe) in 
 the government by lending money at intereft, 
 which may be transferred, though not redeem- 
 abi'.', or is promifed to bs repaid at a certain 
 time. In commerce, it fignifies fomething 
 fuld upon truft ; and ihe credit of a perfoii's ac- 
 count, is that on which his payments, whether 
 in ca/h or other comtr.odities, are regiftered. 
 
 To CRE'DIT, V. A. [credo, Lat, J to be- 
 lieve or afient to what a perfon lays as truth. 
 Figuratively, to reflcft honour on aperfon or 
 thing ; to truft or confide in one j to let a per- 
 fon have go^ds on truft. In Commerce, to 
 dsfcharge a debt, by entering an aaicle on ite 
 credit fide of an account. 
 
 CRE'DIT ABLE, Adj. that v/hich may en- 
 gage C'jnficience, or efteem. In Commerce, 
 that which may procure truft j honourable; 
 eftimable ; above contempt. 
 
 CRE'DIT ABLENESS, S. reputation ; the 
 being generally prailed and elieemed. 
 
 CRE'DITABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to keep one's reputation, or avoid difgrace. 
 
 CRE'DITCR, S. [Lat.J one who lets an 
 other have any thing on truft; one to whom 
 a debt is owing. In Book-keeping, that fide 
 of an account wherein all things which are de- 
 livered are entered : in the Caih-book, it con- 
 tains a perfon's paymenis, 
 
 CREDU'LITY, S. [creJidlt/, Fr. creduli 
 tat, Lat.J belief, without examining into the 
 truth of the thing ali'ented tu 5 too g'eat eali- 
 nefs in believing, 
 
 CRE'DULOUS, Adj. {creduhis, Lat.] af- 
 fenting to any thing pn-pofeii as an ohjeft of 
 •belief, without examining into its truth. 
 
 CREDU'LOUSNESS, S. the puality of 
 believing without examinati(;n. 
 
 CREED, S. a brief fummary of the prin- 
 cipal articles of a perfon's faiih ; ufed both in 
 a fcriptural and political fenfe. 
 
 To CREEK, V. A, [kreckc, Belg.] to 
 •make a harfli noife« 
 
 CREEK, S. [uscca, S^x. kreke, Belg.] in 
 Geography^ a part of the lea which juns into 
 the land; a port, or bay ; a prominence, or 
 jutting, in a winding coaft. 
 
 CRE'-EKY, Adj. full of creeks and wind- 
 ings. 
 
 To CREEP, V. N. [prefer crept ; creopa,,, 
 trypan, Sax. croppian, Biit. krepcu, kreupen, 
 B.lg. kryp^ HI. to go bent] to move with the 
 belly to the ground, applied to reptiles, or ani 
 iiuls which have no legs, (uch as worms and 
 fcrpents. Figuratively, to grow alon^ the 
 
 C R E 
 
 ground, or upon fupporters, applied to vege^ 
 
 tables; to move flowiy ; to move unperceivi" 
 into any place; to come uncxpefted, or fteal 
 out of a place unperceived and unheard ^ tc be- 
 have with abjeftnefs, or meannefs of ipint. 
 
 CRE'EPER, S. a plant which runs along 
 the ground, or fuppons itfelf by means of fjme 
 ftronger body 5 an iron ufed to Hide along a 
 grate in kitchens ; a kind of patten or clog 
 worn by women in dirty weather. 
 
 CRE'EP-HOLE, S. a hole or cavity into 
 which an animal may retire to efcape danger. 
 Figuratively, an excufe, means devifcd to 
 efcape (hame, or elude the force of law. 
 
 CRE'EPINGLY, Adv. in a flow motion j 
 after the manner of a reptile. 
 
 CRE'N.-^TED, Adj. [from c««a, Lat.] in 
 Botany, notched j jagged 5 or fawed on the 
 ed^es. 
 
 CRE'PANE, S. in Farriery, an ulcer in 
 the midft of the fore-part of the foot, caufed 
 by a bilious, fharp.and biting humour that frets 
 the Ikin, or by a hurt given by ftnking the 
 hinner-'eit. 
 
 To CRE'PITATE, V. N. Icrepitatum, 
 fupine o{ cepito, Lat.j to make a fnaall crack- 
 ling noife. 
 
 CREPU'SCULE, S. [crepufculum, Ut.lia 
 Aftronomy, the twilight. 
 
 CRE'SCENT, Adj. [crefien:, Ln ] grow- 
 ing ; increaiing ; in a ftate of increafe. 
 
 CRE'SCENT, S. the moon in her increaf- 
 ing Ihte. In Heraldry, a bearing in form 
 ot a huif moon, with the ends of her hcriS 
 pointed upv/ards. 
 
 CRESS, S. [plural crejes, fiom crefco, Lat.] 
 a herb, u.'ed for fallac', or eat raw, of which 
 there are feveral forts ; the garden crefs and 
 the water crefs are the moft known. 
 
 CRE'SSET, S. [cor}fitte, Fr.] a great light 
 f:t on a light-houfeor wjtch-tower; a beacon. 
 " Burning crejjets.^'' ^bak. 
 
 CREST, S. [cmjle, Fr. crifta, Lat.] the 
 plurne ot feathers or other ornament worn on 
 the top of helmets ; the comb of a cock. ]ji 
 Heraldry, the upper part of an armoury, or 
 that part over thecafque or helmet next to ihe 
 mantle, which Conttins the ornament ; any 
 natural tuft on the head. Figuratively, pride, 
 Ipirit, or courage. 
 
 CRE'S FED, Adj. {cripius, Lat.] adorned 
 with a plunii, or creft ; having a comb or 
 tuft on the head. 
 
 CREST-FALLEN, Adj. difpirited; cowed; 
 in a (tare of dejedtion. 
 
 CRE'STLESS, Adj. in Her^dry, not ho- 
 noured with coat- armoury j not of a noble or 
 honouraole family, 
 
 CRETA'CEOUS, Adj. [f«/a,Lat.] chalkj 
 sboundi/,g with, having the qualities of 
 chalk. 
 
 CRE'VICE, S. [crevafe, Fr. from cre-ver, 
 Fr.] a narrow openui;; made in a thing by its 
 ■ racking, ijeiierally applied to walls or wain- 
 fcot. 
 
 T 4 CREW,
 
 CRT 
 
 tfvEV.% S. [crrri,, Sat. hf!, Ferf.] for- 
 httly, «a Company iTiet together, for any pur- 
 pofc. " A noble crrij of lords and ladies." 
 ftjf(-y S^ctrt. At prefenc applied to the Hiip's 
 tompany j or ufed to figniiy a company of 
 <;ontemptiMe perfons, or fuch as herd together 
 vviih fome bad defign, 
 
 CRE' WEL, S. [kkivil, Belg] fine wornt-a, 
 or yarn, twifted and made up in an !:notor ball. 
 
 CRIB, S. [cryi't/e, Six.] the rack or pal- 
 lifadoed frame i/i a flabie, wherein hay is 
 placed for feeding of cattle j a nuoger. Fi- 
 guratively, the fiall of an o>: ; a finall habi- 
 tation or hut. " Why rather, fleep, lieft thou 
 in fmc!k.y tv.'ii." Sha^. The canls which each 
 party l<iy out of their hanris, aod are reckoned 
 for the benefit of the dealtr at the game of 
 cribbage. 
 
 CPvIBBA'GE, S. a game at cards, wherein 
 tKe p! ysrs endeavour to make pairs, f^quents, 
 pairs royal, and one and thiity at playing, and 
 to held in thL-ir hands as many fitteens, pairs, 
 and lequents as they can. 
 
 CRlBt^LE, S. [crlve/.'c, Ital. o-iSrutn, Lat.] 
 a corn-fieve. 
 
 CRICK, S. [fM'crt, Ital.] the noife made 
 by a door when its hings are irufly, or want 
 6i!in? ; a puinful (lifynel's in the neck. 
 
 CRIC'KiiT, S. an infeft which frequents 
 fire-! laces or ovens, and is remarkable for a 
 continiial chirping or creaking n.ite ; a game 
 which 3 played at with a bat and ball. 
 
 CIli'EP., S. a pcrfon authorifed to proclaim 
 tliings that ate loft, or thofe which are to be 
 fold. 
 
 CRIME, S. [Fr. cn:;:er:, Lat.] a voluntary 
 bteach ot any known law j an offence. 
 
 CRI'MEFUL, Adj. faulty in a high degree j 
 vrouj^ht againft the renr.orfcS of c^nfcience, 
 And the knowledge of a law j contrary to duty, 
 or virtue. 
 
 CRl'MELESS, Adj. void of crime or 
 blame; irti ocent. 
 
 CRl'WJNAL, Adj. [from crhal.iis, Lit.] 
 itbntraiy to any known law. Figuratively, 
 faulty; worihy of blame ; guilty j fubjeft to 
 iomc punilTimenton account of the violation of 
 a law, Ira Law, that which is -oppofed to 
 ■ivil. 
 
 CRI'MINAL, S. aperfon who is accufedof 
 a vchintary breach of a known bw ; a pcrfon 
 ^vho has knowingly and wilfully afled con- 
 trary to any hw. 
 
 CRIMIKA'LLY, Adv. in a manner in- 
 confiftcnt with innr cence ; in a manner which 
 jmplies guilt, or the wilail breach of fome 
 Jdw; in a manner wh';ch defe'ves blame or 
 f iinifhment. 
 
 CRni!NA'T:ON, S. [nhr.imtio, L=t.] 
 • he aft of accijhng a perion of the breach ot 
 £um!^ law. 
 
 CRIMINOUS, A.M. fcnmhcfus, L»t.j 
 chargeable wiih i w\\t'v'. breach or any knn-*n 
 I aw, inclilding the idea of grtat perveifity, [ 
 aco enormous ^uili, \ 
 
 C R I 
 
 CRKMINOUSNESS, S. enormity; er t 
 great degree of gui It or wickednels. "J neve? 
 coulJ be convinced of any fuch ci iminoujncjs (n 
 him." K. Charles. 
 
 CRIMP, Adj. [from crimbli or crumhle] 
 eafily broken ; crunidling with drynefs } 
 ealily reduced to powder. Figuratively, not 
 conliftent ; not of any force. " The evidence 
 " i? criml> ; the wiinefTes fwear backwards and 
 ■' forwards," Sii-':/;. A low word. 
 
 To CRl'MPLF, V. A. [from ruiapli, crim- 
 bU, or cruniblc'l lo draw together in wrinkles. 
 " Crimplerl them I'p." fViJi/i. 
 
 CRl'MSON, S. [rr.ime'ife, Fr. carrnefme, 
 atm\f,r:-i, Ital. J a deep red colour, mixed with 
 ..n appearance of blue. Figuratively, in Foe- 
 lical Language, ufed for a dark, or any degree 
 of a red. 
 
 To CRKMSOM, V. A. to dye or colour 
 with red or criit^fon. 
 
 CRINGE, S. i^from the verb] a low bow, 
 carrying with it the idea of fav;mngand mean 
 Icrvility. 
 
 To CRINGE, V. A; [^rwij^n, Teut.] to 
 form into wrinkles, or uncouth appearances. 
 '' You'll fee him cnr.ge his fjce." SbakcJpearCi 
 Neuterly, to behave in a me:n, fervilc, com- 
 plailant manner, in order to gain a perfon's 
 favour, or avert his anger ; to fawn. 
 
 To CRI^NKLE, V. N. [krinckelen, Belg.] 
 to ga in and out ; to wrinkle. Adtively, to 
 draw a thing into wrinkles ; to make the l^ur* 
 face of a thing uneven. 
 
 CR]^^JKLE, S. a* wrinkle. 
 ■ CRINOSITY, S. the quality of abounding 
 in hair; hairinels, 
 
 CRiP'PLE, .S. [crypd, Sax.] a perfon who 
 hasnottJie ulcof h.s lunLs, efpecially his legs* 
 
 To CRlP'l'LE, V. A. to make l..mc, or 
 deprive a perfun of the ul'e of his limbs. 
 
 CRIPTLENESS, S. the (fate of a perfon 
 who is lame, or has not the ufe of his limbs, 
 
 CRP.SiS, S. \Kr-iT,.;, Gr.J in Medicine, a 
 change in a dif.,rdcr, which euher determines 
 a patient's deatli gr recovery. Figuratively, in 
 Politics, a period of time, wherein an under* 
 taking is arrived dt its greatell height ; any 
 particular period of time. 
 
 CRISP, Adj. {wflus, Lat.] curled. 
 " CV//f, bair'J." l!a!c. indented, winding* 
 " Leave your crvj} channels." tihak. Dry, 
 brittle, or ealily broken. " The wood or 
 ftring cf the inlliument is made more crifp."'' 
 Bacon, 
 
 To CRISP, V. A. [o'lfpo, Lat.] to <url, 
 or form a thing into a riig; to twilt, Neuter- 
 ly, to tun in a;id ("it. 'Jo make a thing eafy 
 to be briiken byfrvins or drying it. 
 
 CRI.SPA'TION, b". ih'j ac^ of culling; the 
 ftate of being curled. 
 
 CRl'PSNESS, S. the quality of a thing 
 
 curled ; eafinefsto ire broken, owing to dryntfs. 
 
 In Cbcikery, the b'iitlenefs oF a thing, owing 
 
 10 thehaid !.^c;uftationf•JrHlcd bv a brifk fire. 
 
 CRl'SFY,
 
 C ll o 
 
 CilT'SPy, Aiij. curled. In Cookery, brown 
 and trittle. 
 
 CRITE'RION, S. {y.^Cr,.;::,'^, from xpv:c, 
 Gr.] a ftandard by which the gooJnefs or 
 badnefs of a thing may be meafured and 
 judged. 
 
 CRI'TIC, S. [K{(T»y.o?, from K^tm, Gt.] a 
 perfon formed by nature, and qualified by art, 
 to point out the peifeftion or imperfeiflion of 
 any of the ptoJuftions in the arts or fciences j 
 one who is employed in dillinguifhing the beau- 
 ties' or defeats of an author. Figuratively, a 
 cenfurcr, or perfoA apt to find fault either 
 with the writings or aftior.s of another. 
 
 CRI'TIC, Adj. belonging to criticifia; or 
 the art of judging of the performances of an 
 author. 
 
 CRI'TIC, S. [cr'nique, Fr.] an examination 
 or comment on theworksof an author, where- 
 in both t.'fte and learning are ufed as guides ; 
 a criticifm ; the art of criticifm, 
 
 CRITICAL, Adj. able to diftinguifli the 
 beauties and detefts of any produftion ; nice, 
 exaft, accurate; with nil the judgment and 
 care of a critic. " Virgil was fo critical in 
 the rites of religion." Stilling, After the 
 manner of a critic; according to the rules of 
 criticifm. " Hs wrote a rrfriiW difTertation 
 on the rtiield of^'Eneas." Captious; inclined 
 to find fault ; cenforious. In Medicine and 
 Politics, that in v,hich fome crifis or impor- 
 tant change happens. 
 
 CRI'T.'CALLY, Adv. in a critical man- 
 ner ; in fuch a manner as to dlfcover beauties 
 Or defeiSs ; es.itflly; curioufly. 
 
 CRI^TICALNESS, S. exaanefg, nicety; 
 accuracy ; the zi\ of exercifmg the judgment, 
 in order to difccrn the faults or perteitions of 
 ahy produftion. 
 
 To CRITl'CISE, V. N. to write remarks, 
 or point out the beauties and defedls of any 
 produflion. Figuratively, to find fault vviih. 
 Aftively, to cenfure, blame, or find fault with. 
 
 CRITICISM, S. the art or ftandard of 
 judging of the merits or demerits of any pro- 
 du6tion. Figuratively, a remark or obferva- 
 tion made by a critic. 
 
 To CROAK, V. N. [cracettav, Sax. croaf- 
 fir, Fr. Kcai'ai, Gr.] to make a hoarfe noife, 
 applied to that made by a frog or nven. Fi- 
 guratively, to covet, to crave, or make a dif- 
 agreeable murmur. 
 
 CROAK, S. the noife made by a frog, ra- 
 ven, or crow, 
 
 CRO-^CEOUS, A.lj. \ciocens, Lat.] con- 
 fiding of, or rcfembling faffron ; yellow, or of 
 a faflron colour. 
 
 CROCK, S. [kruik, Belg. croc, Fr.] a cup 
 or earthen velfel ; a pot to boil vidtuals in. 
 Figuratively, the fmut occafioned by rubbing 
 the Qutfide of a pot againft any thin"'. 
 
 CROCKERY, S. [from kruick, Bclg.J 
 earthen ware. 
 
 CRO'CODILE, S. [crocodifus> Lat. from 
 Wfexcf; and hi\iiy, Gr.j in Nututal Hiftorv, an 
 6 » 
 
 c H o 
 
 ■i!i"iphibiou5 voracio'js animal, refembllnga !i^ 
 zard, covered with very hard fciles, fcarce vul- 
 nerable, unlefs under the belly, having four 
 fhort legs, of incredible fwiftnefs, butnoteafily 
 turning itfelf; its throat is wide, its teeth 
 growing in feveral rows, fliarp, feparating and 
 clofing between each other. Its fight is very 
 piercing when on land, but in water very dim. 
 The length of its body is from 15 to :8 cubits 
 long; its colour is of a dark brown, fpcckled 
 with blackifh fpots. Its eggs, which are of the 
 fize of thofe of a g'.ofe, are laid by the female 
 ■to the number of 60, and covered with land, 
 on the water fide, where they are hatched by 
 the fun. The prodigious fecundity of this 
 creature, fo dreadful iwth to' the human race 
 and the inhabitants of the water, is counter- 
 adled by Providence, in giving the male an 
 unnatural inf^in£l, whereby he devours his oif- 
 fpring, as fo'jn as hatched ; and left by the care 
 of the fern ale, v,'ho preferves not a few from his 
 voracious jaws, this defign fliould be fruftrated, 
 the ichneumon, or Indian rat, which is of 
 the fpecies t.f a tame cat, breaks the eggs 
 wherever it finds them, and it is reported to 
 get dowii the throat of this creature while it 
 IS fleeping with its mouth open, and to gnaw its 
 way out again through its entrails. Ii\ Rhe- 
 toric, the word is applied to a fophifl-ical and 
 captious kind of argument, contrived to fe- 
 duce and enfnare the unwary. 
 
 CRO'CODILINE.Adj. [crocoJoir,!us, Lat.J 
 like a crocodile ; captious, or enfnaring. 
 
 CRO'CUS, S. [Lar.J in Botany, hath a 
 (patha or fheath of one kaf • the flower hatli 
 one petal deeply cut into fix long fegments ; it 
 hath three f>amina, and a roundifli germen at 
 the bottom of the tube, fupporting 3 /lender 
 rtyle, and becoming a rounli/h fruit, with 
 three cells filled with roundifh feeds. 
 
 CROFT, S. [Sax. J a ^e!d or clofe adioin- 
 ing to a houfe, fown with corn, or ufed foe 
 paf^ure. 
 
 CROIS^'DE, erCROIS.VDO, S. [en!. 
 fade, Fr.j an holy war, or expedition againft 
 infidels and heretics. 
 
 CROl'SES, S. [c/-^;.v, Fr.] pilgrims bound 
 for the Holy Land, or thofe who had been al- 
 ready there, fo called from the badge, in form 
 of a crofs, which they wore on their garments 
 
 CRO'MWELL, [Oi. ivf.r J was the fon of 
 Mr. Rob. Cromwell, fecond Ion of Sir Henry 
 Cromwell, of Hinchinbrooke, in the county 
 of Huntingdon, by Elisabeth, daughter of Sir 
 Richart Stewart, of the ide of Ely, knight. 
 He was born in the ancient borough of Hun- 
 tingdon, April the 24th or 25th, 1599. Ho 
 was fent to thefree-fchool at Huntingdon, and 
 from thence to Sidney College, Cambridge, 
 where he was admitted, April 23, i6l6 ; but 
 here his tutor, Mr. Rich. Howlet, difcovcrcd 
 his genius was fitter for atHon than fpecula- 
 tion. Up«n the death oi his father, he re- 
 turned home, and was fooii after placed In 
 Lincoln's inn, where wine, women, and gam- 
 ine)
 
 C R O 
 
 inp, cngroffed his attention more than the ftudy 
 of the law. Thefe fuon difiipated all that his 
 father had \°(t hi.Ti ; but perceiving the conl'e- 
 <juences ef thefe follies, he fuddcr.ly renounced 
 the.Ti, «nd contri£led an intimate friendfhip 
 with levers 1 eminent divinef, who looked upon 
 hitn as a man ot great abilities. As he was 
 related to I'evfral confirferable families, who 
 were defirous o*'" leeing him fettled, they pro- 
 yofed his marrying Eliz)bcth, daughter of Sir 
 James Bouchier, of Eflex, a woman of p.-rts, 
 and a confiderable portion, which took eftcdV. 
 His urclc Sir ThomiS Stewart dying, lefthim 
 ■4 or i;ool. a year, upon which he removed to 
 the ifle of Ely, wh; it- he fiift began to affcdt 
 the notions of the !e^ then ftilej P.ititans. 
 He procured a feat in the houfe of Coro;nons, 
 in the third pailianner.t of Charles I. and was 
 of ihe ccjmmiitte for religion, where he diftin 
 guifhed himfelf by his zeal againft popery, and 
 by complaining of the biihop of Winchefl«r, 
 fori cenfir^ books of a dangerous tendency. 
 After the difTuliition of the parliament, he Re- 
 turned to the country, where, by his /hew for 
 religion, znd fntrrtaining iiler.ced mimflers, 
 he again greatly impaired his fortune, to re- 
 pair which, he took a farm at St. Ives ; but 
 this fcheme reduced him more. He, however, 
 Hill continued to have prayers morning and 
 evening, and gave fublic notice, that he was 
 ready to make rcilitution of any money he had 
 formerly won at p'ay, and afiually did return 
 to Mr. Cahon 30 I. which he had won feve- 
 lal years before. The duke of Bedford, and 
 feveral others of dillir.ftion, who had eftates 
 in Lincolnfhlre, propofrng to have the fe/.s 
 drained, Cromwell warmly oppofed it ; which 
 gave occafion to Mr. Hamden, to recomti>end 
 him to has friends as a pcrfon capable of con- 
 duct rg great things ; and he had the addrefs to 
 get himfelf chofen for Cambridge, a place in 
 which he was not known, ana zealoufly pro- 
 moted the remonftrance that was carried on 
 Nov. 14, 1641, which brought on the civil war. 
 In 1642, Cromwell raifed a troop of horfe, by 
 virtue of a commiffion from the earl of Efl'ex, 
 and adled fo vigoroudy, that he was promoted 
 to a colonel, and had loco horfe under him, 
 and was fop-,e time after raifed to lieutenant- 
 general of he rfe. On July 3, 1644, at the 
 battle of Marftonmnor, the videry was chiefly 
 owing to the condufl of his cavalry. When 
 the parliament fjt, Croir.weli and his friends 
 carried the felf-denyingotdinance that exclud- 
 ed the members of either houfe Irom having 
 any<:ommand in the arrny, but he found means 
 to get bimieif fiift occ fionally, anH then abfo- 
 Jutely, exempted. Upon the introiluflion of 
 the new n^oti'l, as it was called, the chie' 
 command of the army was given to Sir Tho- 
 mas Fairfax, ami Cromwell, from being a lieute- 
 nant- general of horfe, became licjlenant-ge 
 neral of the army, of wJiich he fcems to have 
 had ihr whole diretlipn, while another had 
 «he title. The eail of Effex dying fuddenly, 
 
 C R O 
 
 in 1646, Cromwell meditated the overturning 
 the cor.fli'.uiioji, by making the army the fa- 
 preme power, which l>c effedled, by turning 
 out thofe members of the houfe who would 
 not aft by his direftion, ano, to complete his 
 defign, brought his fovere-gn to the block, 
 Jan. 30, 1649. Crcmwell commanded the 
 forces in IrelanJ, with the title of lord-lieute- 
 nant, and in the fozcc of a few months, viz, 
 by the month of June 1650, had in a manner 
 reduced all Ireland. He then returned to Eng- 
 land, leaving Ireton his deputy, and on the 
 26ih of the fame month, was appointed com- 
 mander in chief of all the forces of the com- 
 monwealth. He immeaiately marched againft 
 the Scots, v.ho had received Charles II. and 
 on Sept. 3, 1651, totally defeated the king's 
 forces at Wor^ef^er. April 19, 1653, he call- 
 ed a council of officers to deliberate about the 
 government j but while they were fitting, co- 
 lonel Ingoldsby came and informed him, that 
 the parliament had framed a bill to continue 1 
 
 themlclves till Nov. 5, next year, propofing to 1 
 
 fiil up the houfe by new ekftions ;whereupoa * 
 
 Cromwell immediately marched to Weftmin- 
 flcr, with auiout 300 nxn, placed them about 
 >he houfe, and entered firft himfelf; but after 
 conierring with them fome time, he ordered 
 the foldiers to fee the houfe cleared of all the 
 members, and having caufed the doors to be m 
 
 locked, went to Whitehall. On the 16th of ^ 
 
 December, Cron: well was inverted in the court 
 of chancery in Weftminfter-hall, with great 
 fnlemr.ity, with the title of Protcftor of the 
 commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ire- 
 laiidj in the 54th year of his age. He imme- 
 diately applied himfelf to fettling public af- 
 fairs, and concluded a peace with Holland, ira 
 which Denmark was included ; he alio maie 
 peace with Sweden, and both France and Spain 
 were (o eager for his friendfhip, that they be- 
 came ridiculcu;. As to domeftic afi'airs, he 
 appointed judges for the courts at Wcftminfter, 
 profefi'ed an unalterable refolution of allowing 
 liberty of confcience, and difmifled from their 
 commands fuch officers as he could not confide 
 in ; the command of the forces in Scotland he 
 beftowed cji general Rlonlc, and fent his own 
 fon Henry to govern Ireland. By an ordinance 
 April 12, 1654, he united England and Scot- 
 land, fixing the number of repref^ntatives for 
 she latter at thirty, and foon after did the 
 f me by Ireland.; and in one inflance fhewed a 
 grc.it reisard for juftice, by caufing the brother 
 of the Portuguele ambalT dor to be executed 
 tor murder. Cromwell called a parliament to 
 meet on the 3d of Sep. which was accordingly 
 opened on that day, and to which the prote£f or 
 went in great flate. He received the houfe of 
 commons in the Painted Chamber, and mads 
 1 very long fpeech. After returning to the 
 houfe, and chonfing Mr. Lenthall fpeaker, . 
 
 they began to debate whether the kgifla ivc fl 
 
 power flioiili be in a fingJe perfon, or in the 1 
 
 parliiQKnt. This fg iildrmed the protc i^ i« 
 
 til-C
 
 C R O 
 
 that on the I2fh of th: fame month, he caiifcd J 
 a guard ta be fet on the P<ii ite>i Chamber, af- j 
 ter fuinmoning the members to attend him 
 there, where he gave them a fharp reproof, 
 and fuffered none to enter the hnufe afterwards 
 before thc-y had taken an oath to be fauhfii! to 
 him and his government; but finding, hou'- 
 ever, that they were notreiriy in granting mo- 
 ney, he difiolved them. The duke of Hollkin 
 having prefented the proteftor with a let of 
 Friefland hurfes, he attempted to drive his fe- 
 cretary Thurloe, round Hyde-park in his 
 coach, drawn bythefe hurfes; but they proving 
 ungovernable, thrjw him from the coach-box, 
 antl in the fall, one of his pocket pillols went 
 off, but without i)is receiving any hurt. This 
 year, 1655 fome confpiracies hiving been dif- 
 coverei4, feveral perfons fuffcred death, and 
 the protector tookoccjfion from thence, to fup- 
 port bis authority by the moft arbitrary msa- 
 fures. Hf had formed a defign of msk'.ng him- 
 felf mafter of great pjrt ot' the Spaniih We.f 
 Indies, and in the fpring of this year a powerful 
 fleet was fent out for that purpofe, under the 
 command of admiral Pf nn, and » great body of 
 land forces under ^en. Venables; and tho' they 
 failed in the main def;gn, th»y took Jamaica, 
 which, joined witli admiral Blake's teats in the 
 Mediterranean, raifed the protedor's reputation 
 very high abroad. On Sept. 17, 1656, the 
 parliament met, but none were fuffered to take 
 their places till they had fwallow^d fiich oaths 
 as were prepared for tjiem, by which about 
 200 were excluded. In this parliatBent, an acl 
 for annulling the king's title, another for the 
 fecuriiy of his highnefs, and feveral money 
 bills, were pafTed. In the fpring 1657, a kind 
 of legiflative government was brought u;)on the 
 carpet, and the title of king was oftired to the 
 proteflor; but he finding it was dilagreeable to 
 many of his friends, refufed accepting it, Ly- 
 ing, it was contrary to his confcience : how- 
 ever, he refnived on a new inaugura'ion, which 
 was performed with great folemnity and fplen- 
 dor, in Weliminfter-hall, on the 26th of 
 June, 1656. On January 20, 1658, the com- 
 mons met, as di I the otiier lioufc; but the two 
 houfes oifagreeing, lie difiolved them Feb. 4, 
 with a moft uitter fpeech. This year Dun- 
 kirk, which was taken by the valour of the 
 Enghfli, was delivered into the hands of bis 
 ambafTador Luckhatt. His favourite daughter 
 Mrs. Cleypole being taken ill about this time, 
 file fo exclaimed againfl his crueltits, that it 
 wounded him mure than licr death, which 
 happened Augufl the 8th ; and from this time, 
 be grew daily more referved and fufpiclous, not 
 indeed without reafon, for he found the na- 
 tion in general greatly dilcontcnted. At Hamp- 
 ton-court, he was taken ill of a flow fever, 
 which degeneratin;; into an ague, deprived hini 
 of life, on Sept. the 3d, 1658. 
 
 CRONE, S. [kronie, Bclg. yeoya;, Gr.J 
 p old ewe, Fisurativcly, an old woman. 
 
 C Pv o 
 
 CRO'NET, S. in Fariiery, the hair whick 
 grow« over the tnp of a horfe's hoof, 
 
 CRO'NY, S [trom ;;(fOK)?, GrJ ano'd 
 and very intimate acquaintance or confident. 
 
 CROOK. S. [croc, fr. cryce, Sux.] any 
 thing btrit; a iheep-hook ; a tnnndct, or 
 winding. 
 
 To CROOK, V. A. [hoktn, Belg. crucLe-^ 
 Fr.] to bend, or turn any thing fo as to re- 
 femble a hook. Figuratively, to pervert, or 
 wreft the words of another. 
 
 CRG/OICED, Adj. [croclu, Fr. kroner, 
 D^n.J bent, oppofed to ftraight j formeJ mt* 
 an angle or hook; winding. Figuratively, 
 perv. I le. or bad. 
 
 CRO'OKEDLY, Adv. in an untoward, 
 petverle, or uncoTiplying manner. 
 
 CRO'OKEDNESS, S. the bending of a 
 body. Figuratively, a deformity of the body, 
 arifing from any 0: its limbs being diftorted or 
 out of fllapc. .Applied to the minil or temper, 
 perverfity, or a ciifpofuion which is not e.^hly 
 pleafed. 
 
 CROP, S. [crat>, Sax. croppa, Brit, krcp, 
 Bclg.] the cjaw or firft ftomach ot -birds, 
 wherein their food is prepared fordigeftion. 
 
 CROP, S. [crojipas. Sax. krappcn, Belg.] 
 the highefl part, end, or top of a tiling. Figu- 
 ratively, corn coiledied in h^rveft ; the pio- 
 duifl of a field ; any thing cut off. 
 
 To CROP, V. A. to cut off 'he top or ends 
 of any thing; to mow, reap, or lop. Figu- 
 ratively, to fliorlcn or confume in eating. Neu- 
 terly, to yield a harvcif. 
 
 CRO'i'FUL.Adj. fille<^; fatiated with food. 
 
 CRO'PPER, S. in natural Hifiory, a kind 
 of pigeon 'eiviarkable (01 fwelling its crop. 
 
 CROi''S]CK, Adj. fick, or uifordered by 
 intemperafe eating or drinking. 
 
 CRO'SIER, S. [crofier, F.] the paftoral 
 ftjff of a pirtiop, fo called fiom its h.^.ving a 
 crofs on the top. 
 
 CRO'SLET, S. [cro:J[e!et,Yt.] a fmall crofs. 
 
 CROSS, S. [j-roix. Fr. c'lccc, Itai.j an in- 
 ftrument made of two pieces of wood, cutting 
 or crofling each other it rightangle , on whicti 
 malefartors were executed among the Romans. 
 As this punilhment was inflidlcd cnly on flavea 
 and the moft abjedt perlons, our Savioui's uy-' 
 ing in this manner muft heighten his fuffer- 
 ings, and when duly refleded on, throw light 
 on the cxpreHions of its ignom.ny, often oc- 
 curiiig in f>.riptuie. The cnlign of the chri- 
 ftian religion ; the fign made by the prieft oa 
 the forehe.id of a perfon when baptifed, by 
 drawing two marks, wliich ciofs each other, 
 with his fingers dipped in Water ; one line 
 rrawn athwart another. Figuratively, the 
 Chriftian religion; or the dofttinc of a cruci- 
 fied Saviour ; the manner in which Chrid: 
 died; anything which is contrary toapetfon's 
 wirtics, ana is a ti ill of his patience. 
 
 CROSS, Adj. that which falls athwart. 
 Figuratively, oppofiic to a perfon's wiflict and 
 
 c.\pec-
 
 C R O 
 
 ieSpeSations ; perverfe ; not complying ; peev- 
 • fh ; difpJeafed with tril^es ; not eafily perlu^d- 
 e<l ; recprocal, on each fide, interchanging. 
 CROSS, Prep, athwart, fo as to inteiTccl 
 frcni one fide toanoilier. In riding, fo as to 
 have one leg on each iide of a liorfe. " Ciojs 
 his back." 
 
 To CROSS, V, A. to lay one line fo as to 
 form ang,ies with another; to fign with a croU; 
 to go over a river. Figuratively, to oppofe the 
 defign"! of another, and thereby render him 
 peevifn ; to contradift. 
 
 CRO'SSBAR-SHOT, S. a round fhot cr 
 builet with a bar put through it. 
 
 CRO'SS-BITE, S. a cheat which fruftrates 
 a perfon's defigns. " Not dreaming of a ercjs- 
 iite:' VEftr~ 
 
 CRO'SS-BOW, S. an engine or inftrument 
 xnade of a bow fixed atrofs a piece of wood, 
 vfed in (hooting deer, pigeons, &c. it will cany 
 a bullet a confiderable diftance, and do execu- 
 tion. 
 
 CROSSBO'WER, S. a perfon who fliootr, 
 with a crcfi hiv. " The croji-boiuers ol Ge- 
 Roa." Rak'tgh. 
 
 CB-O'SS GRAINED, Adj. in joinery, ap 
 plied to wood, from whence, a bough or branch 
 has {hot cut, the grain of the branch /hooting 
 forward, and crofling that of the trunk, fi- 
 guratively, hard to pleafe j peevifh j pcrvcr.'c ; 
 troublefome ; vexatious. 
 
 CRO'SSLY, Adv. athwart, fo as to inter- 
 {i.0:. or form angles. Figuratively, oppofite, 
 contrary, untowardly. ** And cyjsiy to the 
 reafon of things." 'J'diotf. 
 
 CRO'.SS-ROW, S. the alphabet; fo nam- 
 ed from a crofs being placed at the beginning 
 of it. 
 
 CRO'SS- STAFF, S. an inftrument ufed by 
 feamen to take the meridian altitude of the 
 fun or ftars, called likcwife a fore-fiaf. 
 
 CRO'SS-WIND, S. a wind blowing either 
 from the ri^'ht or left, a-crofs a ihip's wny. 
 
 CRO'SS- WAY, S. a fmall path, intcrfed- 
 ing a main rond. 
 
 CRO'TCHET, S. [crcchet, Fr.] in Mufir, 
 one of the notes and m^rks of time, fo called 
 from its refembling a hook, thu;^ ; it is equal 
 to half a minim or double quaver. In Printing, 
 two oppofite linet ferving to include any itn- 
 tence or word which may be left out, wiihout 
 fpcilingthe fenfe of h period, marked [thus]. 
 In Building, a fupport, or piece of wood fitted 
 into another to f illain it. Fijjuritivtiy, a 
 fincv, o.Hd conceit, orde'. ice. 
 
 CROTOPHI'IFS, S. in Anatomy, a 
 mufile of the lower jaw, ferving to draw it 
 downv.'iids. 
 
 To CROUCH, V. N. \crcclu, Fr.] to ftoop 
 low, applied to the pofiure of heafts, when 
 they bend their legs, and approach wilh their 
 bellies towards liie ground, in teilimooy ol 
 obedience and fubmilTion. Figuratively, to 
 benii or fionc to a pcrion in a fawning and 
 feivile manner. 
 
 CEO 
 
 CROUP, S. \acuppe, Fr.J the rump of a 
 fowl; the buttocks of a horfe. 
 
 CROW, S. [i/jTUf, Sax. krt^'e, Belg, krae^ 
 Teut.j a blackbird, of the carniverous kind, 
 feeding on carrion. To pluck a c civ, is to 
 contend with a perfon. " If you difpute, we 
 muft even pluck a crow about it." Sbahf. 
 Sometimes it is ufed for a contention abouC 
 fome worthlefs thine, or trifling fubjeft. In 
 Mechanics, a frrong iron bar, ufed as a lever to 
 lift up the ends of great heavy timber, force 
 open doors, ft. The noife made by a cock. 
 
 To CROW, V. N. [preter, I crew, crctvect, 
 or la-ve croivtd-, from craivar., Sax. krakcn, 
 Teut.] to make a loud (hrill noife, applied to 
 that made by a cock. Figuratively, to boaft, 
 bully, or aflume a fuperioriiy over another. 
 
 CRO'W-FOOT, S. in Botany, the ranun- 
 culus. In War, a coltr^p, or piece of iron v/iih 
 four points, two, three, or four inches long, 
 ufed for incommoding the cavalry. 
 
 CROWD, S. [cruth, Sax.] a great number 
 of people fcueezed or ciofe together; a great 
 number of any thing of the faine fort adjacent 
 to each other. Figuratively, the vulgar or 
 lower fort of people. Alfo a fiddle. 
 
 To CROWD, V. A. to fill a place with a 
 great and confufed multitude of people; to 
 force a great many things in a confufed man- 
 ner into the fame place ; to prefs clofe toge- 
 the ; to incumber, or cpprefs by multitudes. 
 In the Marine, to cioivd Ja:l, is to fpread all the 
 fails wiae upon the yard for the fake of expe- 
 dition, or quickening the motion of a (lup^ 
 Neuterly, to go in great multitudes ; to thruft 
 among a multitude of others. 
 
 CRO'WDER, S, a fidler. " Sung by a 
 blind crc'zv-hr.'" Slakejp, A lew word. 
 
 CROWN, S. \_coui cnre, Fr. corona, Lat.J 
 an orna'^ient worn on the head by monarchs . 
 Figuratively, a garland of flowers, tft-. worn 
 on the head as a mark of mirth, or merit ; a 
 reward for fome meritorious deed j royalty ; a 
 monarchy; the top of any thing, but of the 
 head particularly. " Fiom toe to cic-wn.''* 
 Sbdk, *' The fteepy croivns of the bare moun- 
 tains." Dryd. Th.it part of a hat or cap 
 which covers the head ; a piece of money va- 
 lued at five fhillings in England ; honour, Or- 
 nament, completion, or accomplifiiment. 
 
 To CROWN, V. A. [from the nounj to 
 place a crown on a perfon's head ; to furround 
 the head ai with a crown. Figuratively, to 
 dignify or adorn; to reward; to pevfedlj to 
 complete; to finifh. 
 
 CRO'WN-GLASS, S- the fineft fort of 
 window-glafs. 
 
 CRO'WN- OFFICE, S. a court or office 
 under the King's bench, fo called becaufe the 
 crown is immediately concerned in what is 
 trarfjfted tisercin. 
 
 CRO'WN POST, S. in Building, a poft, 
 which in fome buildings ftands upright in the 
 miduie between two laUers, In Arthitc£fure, 
 
 the
 
 c R n 
 
 t'rtt uppermoft member of the corniee, called 
 alfo corona and larmier. 
 
 CRO'WN-WHEEL, S. the upper-wheel of 
 a watch next to, and driven by the balance. 
 
 CROV/N-WORKS, S. in Fortification, an 
 out-work running into the field, in order to 
 gain fome hill, and cover the other works of 
 a place, £?<:• 
 
 CROYL-STONE, S. in Naturnl Hiftory, 
 cryftalized caulk, in which the cryftals arefmall 
 
 CRU'CIAL, Adj. in form of a crofs. Cru 
 c'ul SKcifiort, in Anatomy, an JBcifion or cut 
 in any flefliy part, in form of a crofs. 
 
 CRU'CIBLE, S. [cnu'ihulun:, low Lat.] a 
 
 CRU 
 
 cept furh of the enemy's vefTels as are near if. 
 
 To CRUISE, V. N. to rove about at fei 
 in fearch of an enemy's vefTels ; to fail to and" 
 fro, without any certain courfo or deflinuion, 
 
 CRU'ISER, S. a veflel that fails to and fro, 
 in cjueft of an enemy's fliips. 
 
 CRUM, or CRUMB, S. \cruvia, Sax. 
 kruyme, Belg.] the foft part of bread. Figura- 
 tively, a fmall particle, orbit. 
 
 To CRU'MBLE, V. N. \acruman, Sax- 
 kruymmelen, Btlg. krumme'm, Teut,] to break 
 into fmall puticles or pieces. Neuterly to 
 fall into ffpail pieces. 
 
 To CRU'MBLE, V, A. [from crump, 
 h-lmpen, Belg.] to cor.traft j to draw into 
 
 little vefTel made either ot c^rth, or iron, with- A/i,/<^cr<, ij^i^. j m v-viinov-i. , lu ui^w imo 
 our a handle, ufed by refiners, chemifts, and o- j wrinkles ; to fqueeze together in order to dif- 
 
 thers to melt metals &c. in. It derives its name 
 
 from its being formerly marked with a crofs. 
 
 CRU'CIFiX, S. \cruc\jixui, Lat.] a crofs 
 
 whereon the crucifixion of Chrift is reprefented. 
 
 CRUCIFFXION, S. the ail of nailing to 
 
 a crofs. 
 
 GRU'CIFORM.Adj. in the {hapeof a crofs. 
 
 ToCRU'CIFY, V. A. {crucifigo, Lat.J to 
 
 faften a perfon, by nailing his hands and feet 
 
 on a crofs. 
 
 CRUDE, Adj. \crudui, Lat.] raw, applied 
 to flefli not drefled j unchanged or l;nalt^.red 
 by any procefs or prepiration. Figuratively, 
 iinfini.'hed ; immature j not brought to per 
 feftion ; not reduced to order, or properly ex-. 
 amined or modified by the mind j imperfeft, 
 unpoliihed, inadequate, and unrefined, applied 
 to ideas. 
 
 CRU'DELY, Adv. without any prepara- 
 tion ; without eximination or confideration \ 
 grofs, applied to ideas. 
 
 CRU'DENESS, S. unripenefs ; imperfec- 
 tion ; indigeftion. 
 
 CRU'DITY, S. rawnefs ; indigedion ; or 
 a thing in its indigefted ftate ; the ilate of a 
 difeafe, wherein the morbific matter is not 
 yet come to a head, but increafes the diforder. 
 CRU'DY, Adj. curdled 5 coagulated ; con- 
 creted ;. or in lumps ; raw; chill. 
 
 CRUEL, Adj. [Fr. from crudtlh, Lat.] 
 void pf compafTion, mercy, or pity, and de- 
 lighted in the fuflerings, and incrcafing the 
 furterings of other;. Figuratively, implacable, 
 inveterate, and caufing the greateft degree of 
 torture. 
 
 CRU'ELLY, Adv. in an inhuman, barba- 
 rous, and lavage manner,wherein the fufferings 
 and tortures of others are beheld with delight, 
 and increafed w'thjoy.. 
 
 CRU'ELTY, S. a favage difpofition, de- 
 ligiiting in the misfortunes and fufterings of 
 another, and in increafing them. 
 
 CRU'ET, S. \}ri<kki:, Belg.j a phial for 
 ■ vinegar or oil. 
 
 CRUIZE, S. \h-ukke, Belg.] a fmall cup. 
 
 CRUISE, .S, li-ro\jc, Fr. Kj„7"j, Eele- a 
 
 crofs, the original criufers bearing the cro'sj a 
 
 voyage made by a Piip up and down a ccafr, in 
 
 ci'der to guard it from iiny au-ck, or to insr- crutsus.^ 
 
 cover the wrinkles, 
 
 CRUM^MY, Adj. refembling the crum of 
 bread 5 fott. Figuratively, plump, or flefhy. 
 
 CRCJMP, Adj. [cnmp, Sax. crivmm, Brit. 
 krom-, Belg. krunim, Teuc] crooked, or de- 
 formed. 
 
 CRU'MPLING, S. a fmall degenerate 
 apple. 
 
 CRU'PPER, S. {croupe, Fr.] that part of 
 horfe furniture, which reaches from the faddle 
 to the tail. 
 
 CR.U'RAL, Adj. ["from cruris, gen. of crus, 
 hit. a leg] belonging to, or fitujted in the leg. 
 CRUSA'DE,' or CRUSA'DO, S. See 
 CROISADE. 
 
 To CRUSFI, V. A. [ecrafer, Fr.] to break 
 to pieces, or to make the two oppofue fides of 
 a velTel meet by external violence 5 to prefs 
 with force ; to overwhelm ; to beat down j to 
 deprefs ; 'ubdue ; or deftroy by force. 
 
 CRUSK, S. the deftrudion of a thing by 
 means of a force which ruins its form, dif- 
 folvis the union of its parts, and forces them' 
 .^gainft each other ; coUifion ; deftruilion. 
 
 CRUST, S. [crujij. Lit.] the bard exter- 
 nal furface or coat of a thing ; a colleiftion of 
 matter grown hard; the cafe which contains 
 the fruic or mciat of a pye, or pudding ; the 
 outer hard p.irt of bread. 
 
 To CRUST, V, A. to cover with a hard 
 cafe ; to foul with foil, or dirt. Neuteily, to 
 have its external furface hardened. 
 
 CRUSTA'CEOUS, Adj. covered with a 
 (hell, applied to fifli. 
 
 CRU'STILY, Adv. in a morofe, furly, or 
 peevifh manner. 
 
 CRU'STINESS, S. the hardnefs of the 
 nutfide of bread. Figuratively, pecvifhnefs, 
 morofenefs. 
 
 CRU'STY, Adj. covered with a hard fur- 
 face or coat. Figuratively, not eafily prevailed 
 on; moroft;; pcevifii. 
 
 CRUTCH, S. [cn'cci; Sax. crorcia, Ital. 
 croce, Fr.] a fupport, compofed of a round 
 piece of v/ood, in which a long flafl' is fixid, 
 placed under the arm pit.?, and ufed by cripple* 
 or lame perfoiis to wjik with. 
 
 To CRUICH, V, A. to fupport, a; with 
 
 To
 
 CRY 
 
 To CRY, V. N. [aler, Ft.] to fpeak with 
 ♦ehcmcnce and loii'nefs ; to fjjeak to with 
 greJt importunity and forrow ; to proclaim or 
 publifli i to exclaim ; to fpealc wiih a mourn 
 ful tone of voice, atteniied with teais J to make 
 a noife or iVjnaliing like an infant j to weep, 
 «)r flied tears. In Hunting, to yelp, ap,ilicd to 
 the noife nnarie by a hound in full fcent. To 
 try out ; to fcream, or make a fhriek when in 
 dang, r ; to compliin loudly ; to be in hbcur. 
 *' Is fhe crying out?'" Sbai. Aftively, to 
 proclaim any thing that is loO, or to be folJ. 
 To cry do'zvn, to depreciate, undervahie ; to 
 Mame, or detra£l from ; to forbid ; to over- 
 bear. " ril to the king — and quite cry lioivn 
 — this Ipfwich fellow's impudence." ShakJ. 
 "To cry up, to praife, or increafe the value of 
 a thing bv appl. ufe. 
 
 CHY, S. [cr], Fr.] lamentation, a mourn- 
 ful fhriek or fcream ; clamour or outcry j an 
 exclamation of triumph and woncerj a pro- 
 chmation ; the me. hod of utrerance made ufc 
 of by different animals to exprefs their wants, 
 (?f. In Hunting, the yelping of dogs. Figu- 
 ratively, a pack of hounds j a coiifufed inar- 
 ticul-'te noife. 
 
 CRY'AL, S. theherrp. 
 CRY'ER, S. f>-c ClUER] a kind of 
 hawk, calk-d the Jalcon gentle, an enemy to 
 pigeons. 
 
 CRY'PTIC, or CRY'PTICAL, Adj. 
 [yrLml^, Gr. j dark ; abftrufe ; fecret j occult ; 
 ridden ; no' made pubhc. " In a crypticalor 
 hidden -relhod. Watts. 
 
 ■ CRY'inOCR.^.FHY, S. from [;'.ji;7:7a. 
 and yc^a^tij, Gr J t'.ie art of writing in lecrct 
 charocfers. Figuiatively, charafters ufed in 
 writing to hide the fenfc from al! but the per- 
 fons who have the key. 
 
 CRY'STAL, S. [xfyra-X'^®^, Gr.] in Na- 
 tural Hi^ory, a hard, tranfparent, colourlefs 
 flciie, compof'd ot fimple plater, giving fire 
 with ftee!, not fermenting with acid menfiruj, 
 calcining in a fttong fire of a regular angul.ir 
 figure, fuppofed by fome to He formed of dew, 
 coagulated by nitre. Cryfial gfafs, is that 
 which is carried to a degree of peifeflion be- 
 yond the common glaff, wrs originjlly manu- 
 faftured at Venice only, but ipin.duced into 
 this kingdom by Mr. Bowie-, who Lis brought 
 it to fo much periection, that it not only 
 rivals, but even furpafTes that of Venice. In 
 Chemiftry, applied to exprefs falts, or other 
 matters, fhot or congealed in the manner of a 
 cryftal. 
 
 CRY'STAL, Aaj. confifiirs or made of 
 cryftal. Figuratively, bright, clear, tranfpa- 
 rcnt. 
 
 CRY'STALLINE, Adj. [cryftaHlnus, Lat.] 
 confining of cryftal. Figuratively, bright, 
 clear, tranfpateiif. CryJiaUire tumour, in Ana- 
 tomy, the iccond hu'j:our of the eye, lying 
 immediately next the aqueous, behind the 
 Mvea. 
 
 CRYSTALLiZATiCN, S. in Chcmlflry, 
 
 cue 
 
 a comr>in.5tion of fallne particles In the form 
 of a crvftai. 
 
 To CRYSTALLIZE, V. A. to form into 
 a mafs refetnblir.g that of cryllals, Neuterly, 
 to coagulate, or fhoot into angular fliapes, re- 
 fembling a crvllal. 
 
 CU3, S. [from cu6o, or cuius, Lat.] the 
 youftg ot a bear or fox j fometimes applied 
 to that of a whale. Figuratively, the oft"- 
 ipring of a human creature, by way of re- 
 proach. 
 
 To CUB, V. A. to bring forth, applied to 
 a fox or bear. 
 
 CL-BATU-RE, S. [from cul'e,] the finding 
 the folid contents of a body. 
 
 CUBE, S. [y.v1<^, Gr.] in Geometry, a 
 folid body, coniilting of fix equal fquare fides. 
 In Arithmetic, a number arifing from the 
 multiplication of a fquare number by its root. 
 
 CUBIC, or CU'BICAL, Adj. belonging 
 to, or liaving the properties of a cube. 
 
 CUBICA'LNESS, S. the ftate or quality 
 of being cubical. 
 
 CUT-IFORM, Adj. in the fhape or form 
 cf a cube. 
 
 CU'BIT, S. [cubitus, Lat, an elbow] a 
 mcafiire in u'e a.mong the ancients, which 
 was tlie diftance from the elbow bending in- 
 wards to the extremity of the middle finger, 
 fixed bv fome to i foot q inches, and _*f A 
 
 " ' I (J o o 
 
 of an inch, Englifii meafure ; by others, to I 
 "ratio ^°°^ > *^^ real'on of this variety is, 
 that in Scrip;ure there were two kinds of cu- 
 bits, one mi-afuring according to the firfi: com- 
 putation, and the other according to the Ltter. 
 
 CU'BJTAL, Aoj. containing the length or 
 mcAlure <>i a cubit. 
 
 CU'CKING STOOL, S. [from cocu or 
 cejuin, Fr. indjioolj a chair in which women 
 are plunged into the water, as a punirtjment 
 or fcoldine ; formerly named a tu.-nbrel. 
 
 CU'CKOLD, S. [cocu, Fr.J one married 
 to a woman th't violates the m.irrijge bed. 
 
 To CU'CKOLD, V, A. to lay with ano- 
 
 er man'.' wife; to lay with another man, 
 thouph mariied. 
 
 CU'CKOLDLY, Adv. after the manner 
 of a cuckold. Figuratively, mean, bale, ot 
 fneakine. 
 
 CU'CKOLDOiVf, S. [from cucioU and 
 dcm, S:x. Itate or quality] the att of laying 
 with another man's wife ; the Hate or condi- 
 tion of a CKckoId. 
 
 CUTKOO, or CUCKOVV, S. [cwcw, 
 Brit, cccti, Fr.J in Natural Hiftory, a bird, 
 which appear-- w the fpring, faid to feek the 
 eggs of other birds, and \ y her own to be 
 hr'tched ill their ilead : hence it was ufual to 
 give the hufband a fign of the approacli of an 
 adulteier by crying cuckoo, and, in procefs of 
 time, it was ulual to call the pctfon whofc 
 bed was oefiled, a cuckold. This oird is re- 
 markable for the uniformity ot its note, and 
 ts name feems, in mod: languages, to be de- 
 rived frcai it. Figuratively, uled as a word
 
 C U I 
 
 ©f reproach or contempt. " A hcrfeback,| 
 you cuckoo.'^ Sha!;. 
 
 CU'CKOO-SPiTTLE, S. the frothy fub- 
 ftance or dew found about the joints of laven- 
 der and rofemary. 
 
 CU'CULLATE, or CU'CULLATED, 
 Adj. [cucuilatus, Lat.] hooded ; covered wiih 
 a hood or cowl ; refeinbling a hood, 
 
 CU'CUMBER, S. [pronounced cotocumher, 
 from cucumh, Lit. concombre, Fr.J in Botany. 
 The germcn is f)tuated oiider the flower, fup- 
 ports a fiiort cylindrical ftyle, and becomes an 
 oblong flefliy fruit, with three cells, including 
 many oval feeds. It is ranged by Linnaeus in 
 the loth feiltion of his sift ciafs. 
 
 CU'CUP>.BITA'CEOUS, Adj. [from cu 
 curbua, Lat. a gourdj in Botany, applied to 
 thofe plants which refembls a gourd ; fuch as 
 the pumuion and melon. 
 
 CU'CURBITE, S. a chemical veffcl 
 glafs made in the fhape of a gourd, and com- 
 monly called a body. 
 
 CUD, S. \ctid, Sax.] the Infide of the 
 throat ; the food kept by a cow in the firft 
 flomacn, which it chews a fecond time. 
 
 CU'DDEN, or CUDDY, S. a clown 5 a 
 ftupid, riiftic fellow. 
 
 To CU'DDLE, V. A. [a low word] to lie 
 clofe ; to fquat. 
 
 CU'DGEL, S. {hudie, Belg.] a ftick, made 
 ufe of 10 ftrike wi'h, lighter than a club, and 
 Shorter than a pole. To crojs the cudgels, is to 
 yield, alluding to the pradlice 01 cudgellers, 
 who lay the cudgels acrols when they havefi- 
 ni/hed their encoiinter. 
 
 To CU'DGEL, V. A. to beat with a ftick. 
 
 Figuratively, to think deeply on a thing. 
 
 " Cude;el ihy brains no more about it." Shak. 
 
 CU-'DG EL- PROOF, Adj. able to refift a 
 
 blow given by a flick or cudgel. 
 
 CUE, S. [queue, Fr.J the tail or end of 
 any thing ; t.^.c laft words of a fpcech, which 
 a player looks on as a fign for him to begin 
 to fpeak. " Every one according to his cue." 
 Shak. A hint, " Give them their cut: to 
 attend." Sivift, The part which a perfon 
 is to play in his turn. " Weie it my cue to 
 f.ght." Shak. 
 
 CUE'RPO, S. without the upper coat, or 
 cloke. 
 
 CUFF, S. [x'jffa, Ital.] a box given on the 
 ear, or the head, with the fid. To ftrike 
 with the talons, or with the wings, applied to 
 birds. 
 
 CUFF, S. [ccffc, Fr.] that part of the 
 fleeve which is turned back again from the 
 wiifl towards the fhouloer. 
 
 CUI'NAGE, S. the making up twine in 
 peculiar forms for carriage. 
 
 CUi'RAbS, S. [cuiraffe, Fr.] a part of 
 defenlive armour made of iron well haiTinicr^.d, 
 covering the body, fiom the neck to the 
 girdle. 
 
 CUIR ASSl'ER, S. a folJitr drclTed in his 
 armour, or cuiral'i. 
 
 C U L 
 
 CUISH, S. [cuijfe, Fr.] the armout whi«li 
 covers the thighs. 
 
 CU'LINARY, S. [cuHna, Lat.] belo.^jging 
 to the kitchen j or uled in cookery. 
 
 To CULL, V. A. [cueiller, Fr.] to pick or 
 choofe from a great number. 
 
 CU'LLEK, S. one who choofes a thing 
 fiom a great many others. 
 
 CU'LLION, S. [cogiiomy. ltd.] a low, 
 mean, or dirty fcoundrel ; a word of grcaC 
 contemp:. " Avaunt ye cuUions." Sbakf, 
 CU'LLY, S. [coglion'i, Ital.] a man de- 
 ceived or feduced by fharpers or proflitutes. 
 To CU'LLY, V. A. [Momthe nounj to maJie 
 a fool of a perfon ; to deceive or impofe upon. 
 CULMl'FEROUS, Adj. [culmus. La*. 
 draw or haiiim, and fe'O, La', to bear} ir» 
 Botany, applied to fuch p'.-iats as have a 
 fraflOih, jointed ftjik, ufualiy hollow ; are 
 wrapped about at each joint with fngle, nar- 
 row, fharp-pointed leavfS, and have their 
 feeds contained in chaffy huflcs ; fuch as wheat 
 barley, &c. 
 
 To CU'LMINATE, V. N. [«,W/r, Lat.J 
 in Aftronomy, to be at its greatcll altitude j 
 to be vertical, or in its meridian. 
 
 CULMINA'TION, S. in Aftronomy, the 
 tranfit or pafiage of a ftir over the meridian, 
 or that point of its orbit, wherein it is at Iti 
 greatefl altitude. 
 
 CULPABI'LITY, S. [f.om cu![>ahli\ the 
 quality which fiibjrds a thing to blame;^ or 
 renders it an o^jsft of bi^m:. 
 
 CU'LPaBLE, Adj. [culpahilh, Lat.] wor- 
 thy or deferving bUme, including the idea of 
 feme voluntary fault of a fligUter kind. 
 
 CU'LPABLENESS, S. the quality whL..h 
 renders a perfon an objeft o; blame. 
 
 CU'PABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner asto 
 deferve blame. 
 
 CU'LPRIT, S. [a word ufcd by a judge at 
 the trial of a perfon, who, when the perfon 
 arraigned pleads Nut guilty, anfwers, '• Cul- 
 prit, God fend thee a good deliverance." 
 Hence fome imagine it to be a corruption of 
 quil parol t, Fr. 1 wifh it msy appear f j 
 others, who retain the fame derivation, ima- 
 gine It a calling upon the evidence^ who is t(» 
 prove tiie euilt of the perfon, fijjnifjing rhen 
 let birr, ajipcar, who is to prove to the contra- 
 ry ; others again, hold it to be derived from 
 culpa, a fault or crime, and prit, Fr. from 
 prendre, to take, or detei) ; implying that 
 the perfon is guilty, or at leaft a malefjiftor j 
 but as this is inconfiftent with the I'pirit of 
 our laws, which fuppofe every malefjtlor to 
 be innocent of the crime laid to his ch.iriie, 
 till it be proved againfl him, the two firft 
 derivations teem the mofl pUufiblaJ in Law, 
 a malefactor or criminal. 
 
 CU'LTER, or COULTER. S. [Lat.] the 
 iron of a plough which cuts the ground per- 
 .'cn.licular before the pliugh-niarc. 
 
 To CU'LTIVATE, V . A.[(u'ii-jer, Fr.J 
 Co heighten the friiitJuliiefs of the earth by 
 
 mar.ur-
 
 C U N 
 
 tnanoting it, or by other methoijs of hulban- 
 dry. Figuratively, to impiove the under- 
 itanding by education and ftuiiy; to ftudy any 
 particular branch of fcisnce. 
 
 CULTIVATION, S. the aft of improve- 
 ing foils by hufbandry. Figuratively, the im- 
 provement of the underftanding by education 
 and Itudy ; improvement in any fcience. 
 
 CUL'TURE, S. Icultura, Lat.] the aft 
 of cultivating, or tilling the ground. Figu- 
 ratively, the improvement of the mind by 
 education and ftudy ; improvement in any 
 branch of learning ; the eradicating any vice 
 from the mind by inftni£lion. 
 
 To CU'LTURE, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to cultivate j to manure, till, or improve loil 
 by labour, and other methods of hufoandry. 
 
 CUL'VER, S. [culfre, Sax. J a pigeon 
 
 CUR 
 
 CU'NNER, S. a kind of fifli, lefs thaii 
 an oyfter, which flicks clofe to the rocks. 
 
 CU'NNING, Adj. [from cor.tian, Sax. 
 konren, Belg. to know] learned, knowing, or 
 of extenfive knowledge. " To cur.r.'wg mea 
 I wil! be very kind." Shak, Perforrjed with 
 art or (kill ; curious. " Thou cunningjl pat- 
 tern of excellent nature." Sbak. Figuratively, 
 fly ; defigning ; cratty ; over-reaching ano- 
 ther !'y fuperior vvi: and underftanding. 
 
 CUN'NNING, S. [connir.ge, Sajc.] artiiice; 
 deceit ; fuperior talents employed in deceiving 
 others ; art ; /kill j knowledge. 
 
 CU'NNINGLY, Adv. in a fly, crafty man- 
 ncr. 
 
 CU'NNINGNESS, S. a craftinefs ; flynefs. 
 
 CUP, S. \cupfc, Sax. cwppaji, Brit, kop, 
 Belg. coul>e, Fr. oppa, Ital.J a fmall veffel, 
 
 *' Borne on liquid wings the cutt-er (hoots." i with a fcot, to dnnk in. Figuratively, the 
 Tbomf, I liquor contained in a cup. In the plural, a 
 
 CU'LVERIN, S. [colouinitie, Fr.] a flen- merry bout, or entertainment of drinking. 
 der piece of oronance, or artillety, from 5 I Any thing hollow like a cup, as the hulk of 
 one half to 5 inches bore, from 13 to 12 feec I an acorn, the bell of a flower. Cup and can, 
 long, and cariying a (hot from 5 one-fourth, I familiar companions, the caw being the larger 
 
 to "5 three-fourih inches diameter. 
 
 CU'LVERKEY, S. in Potaiiy, a flower 
 which grows wild in the fields. 
 
 ToCU'MBER, V. A. [kemmiren, kcmbe- 
 rer, Bel^. to difturb] to hinder a perfon from 
 afting by its weight j to put a perfon to diffi- 
 culty in managing a thing, by its weight or 
 length. Figuratively, to load with fome- 
 thing ufeUfs ; to difturb, diltrefs, or involve 
 in difficulties ; to diftract or perplex with va- 
 riety of employments; ufed with about. 
 " Martha was aimtercd about much ferving." 
 Luke X. 40. 
 
 CU'AIBER, S. \kcmber, Belg.] hindrance; 
 unmanageablenefs caufed by balk. " Of mar- 
 vellous charge and fearlul cumber.'" Raleigb. 
 
 CU'MBHRSOME, Adj. [from cumber and 
 fomc, of f urn, Six. implying ■very'] occafioning 
 great trouble ar.d vexation. Figuratively, bur- 
 thenfome ; occafioning perplexity; unweildy, 
 or not eifily miinaged, on account of its length 
 •r weight. 
 
 CU'MBROUS, Adj. troublefome, vexati- 
 ous ; cauling uneafMiefs. 
 
 To CU'MULATE, V. A. [cun-.ulatum, 
 fupioe of cumulo, Lit. J to lay oos thing upon 
 another; to heap together, 
 
 CUNCTATJON, S. [cunarAo, Lat,] the 
 aft of deferring the doing of a thing to an- 
 other time, whicn ought to be done immedi- 
 ately. 
 
 To CUND, V. N, [from hmen, Belg.] to 
 know, to give notice. " Who rtifcerning the 
 courfe of the pilchard, cunJiiby as they call 
 it, (he niafter of each boat." Carsw, See 
 CONDER, or BALKER. 
 
 CU'NE.AL, Adj. [from c::r.-.it, Lat. a 
 wedge] relating to, or haying ihsfhape of, a 
 Wedge. 
 
 CU'NEATED, Part, {cp'"^, Tst.J msd£ 
 i.\;r.e lomi of a wedge. 
 
 veiTel, from whence the cup is filled, " Y"ou 
 and he are cup and can.'" i>iv'ift. 
 
 To CUP, V. A. to fuppiy \»ith liquor, 
 " Cup us till the world grow round." Sbak, 
 A fenfe now obl'olete. To bleed a perfon af- 
 ter havi.ng fixed a cupping glafs to the part. 
 
 CU'PBOARU, S. [from cup and board. 
 Sax.] a cafe or receptacle ; a place fitted with 
 (helves and a door, in which victuals or earth- 
 en ware are placed, diftinguifhej from a dofet, 
 which is confiderably longer. 
 
 To CU'PBOARD, V. A. to put in a cup- 
 board. Figuratively, to hoard. 
 
 CU'POLA, S. [Ital.] in Architefture, a 
 fpherical vault, or the round of the top of the 
 dome of a church, which refembles a cup 
 inverted ; called by fome a lanthorn. 
 
 CU/PPER, S, one who applies a cuppjng- 
 glafs, and fcarii^es a perfon. 
 
 CU'PPIN'G, S. in Siirgery, the applying 
 a cupping- glaf.s for the difcharge of blOod, 
 and other humours, bv the (kin. 
 
 CU-'PPiNG-GLAS'S, S. a glafs ye(^el 
 w hich having its air ratified, gives room ior 
 that contained in the part to which it is ap- 
 plied, to expand itfelf, and bring with it fuch 
 humours as it is involved in, v.hich are after- 
 wards dilcharged by a icarifier, or infirument 
 fitted with tne points of feveral lancets, 
 which, by means of a fpring, enter the (kin 
 ac the fame tinif. 
 
 CU'PREOUS, Adj. [cupr:u:, Lat.] cop- 
 [lery, or conliftiilg of copper. 
 
 CUR, S. {hrrf, Belg. See CURTAIL,] 
 a degenerate, worthleis dog. Figuratively, 
 ufed as a term of reproach for a man, 
 
 Cl''R ABLE, Adj. [from c-^re\ rhat which 
 may be healed. 
 
 CU'RABLENESS; S, the poifibility of 
 being he^kdi 
 
 ^ CU'RACV,
 
 C U R . 
 
 CU'RACy, S. the employment of a cler- 
 gyman who does the duty of" the perf'on who 
 has the benefice, for a cenaip falary. 
 
 CU'RATE, S. a clergyman who performs 
 thre duties of another for a falary ; a pariflj 
 prieft. 
 
 CU-'RATIVE, Adj. relating to the cure of 
 a difeafe ; recovering, or able to recover from 
 a diforder. 
 
 CU'RATOR, S. [Lat.] one who has t}ie 
 cure and fu|erintendarjce of a ihing, place, or 
 perfon. 
 
 CURB, S. [courber, Fr, to bend] !n Far- 
 riery, an iron chain fadewd to the upper 
 past of the branches of a bridle, in a hole 
 called the eye, and running over the beard of 
 a horfe, ufed to manage a haid-mouthed horfe. 
 Figuratively, a reflraint put on the inclina;i- 
 ORS of a perCon, 
 
 To CURB, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 manage, or guide a horfe Lv o'^eans of a curb. 
 Figuratively, to check, or reftr^in the paflions 
 or inclinations. 
 
 CURD, S. [kruy;!cn, Belg,] the thickening 
 or clotting of any liquor, generally applied to 
 that of «nilk, which is occafioned by mixing 
 xunnet with it. 
 
 To CUR'DLE, V, N. to grow into clots 3 
 to grow thick, like milk, mixed with runnet. 
 Aftively, to make a thing grow thick, clot, 
 ©r coaguljfe, by mixing fome acid v/ith it. 
 
 CU'RDY, Adj. coagulated; clotted. 
 
 CURE, S. [cura, I^ar.j a remedy; the 
 healing a wound, cr recovering from a dif- 
 eafe; the benefice or employm::nt of a clergy- 
 man or curate. 
 
 To CURE, V. A. [curd, Lat.] lo heal a 
 V'ounci ; to reftore to health ; to recover from I 
 a difeafe. In Ceokery, to preferve tjom ftink- 
 ing, or corrupting ; to fait. 
 
 CU'RELESS, Adj. without cure or reme- 
 dy ; not to be cured. 
 
 CU'RER, S. a hdler or phyfician, 
 
 CU'RFEW, S. [cowteftu, Fr,] an even- 
 ing bell, on the found of which, every man 
 was obliged to put out iiis fire, and extinguifli 
 )iis candle, in the time of the Conqueror. 
 Figuratively, any bell which tolls conltantly 
 in the night time; a cover for a fire, or a 
 fire-place. 
 
 CURIO'SITY, S. [from curhus] a prop&n- 
 fuy or dilpofition of the foul, which inclines 
 it to enifjire after new objects, and to delight 
 in viewing them ; a nice experiment ; an ob- 
 jeft of curiofity, cr a rarity. 
 
 CU'RIOUS, Aiij. [curiofin, Lat."] inquifi- 
 live, or dlfpofed to enquire into novelties, whe- 
 ther they refp;:ft truths or ob)c(fls iii fi^iht ; 
 attentlvf to, or diligent. " Very curioui nfur 
 thjngd." lyoodnu, *' Curlcus of antiquities." 
 Diyd. Accurate, or careful to avoid any im- 
 prupriety or miftake. "Men were no: cwi- 
 cus what fyllablcs or pa'rrirles of fp-rech ihey 
 iiled." ^hak, Exatl; nice; artful j e'.egaiU ; 
 peat,. 
 
 CUR 
 
 CU^RIOUSLY, Adv. in an inquifitrve^ 
 exart, accurate, elegant, laboured, or high- 
 finifiied manner; captioufly. 
 
 CURL, S, [from the verb] a ringfgt of hair 
 formed into a ring, or making many concen- 
 tric circles. Figuratively, a wave; undula^ 
 lion; or waving line. 
 
 To CURL, V. A. \cyrlan. Sax. krolcn. Be!?, 
 cuirlan, Itjl.J to makethehairh<.ng in circles 
 or ringlets; to writhe, or twia round; to 
 drefs with curls; to raife in waves, or in a 
 fpiral form. Neuteily, to form itfelf into 
 ringlets; to form circular lines; to twift it- 
 felf. 
 
 CUR'LEW, S. [curlUu, Fr.] a water-fowl, 
 with a lone beak, of a grey colour, wiih re^ 
 and black fpots. 
 
 CURMU'DGEON, S. [a corrupt pro- 
 nunciation and fpelling of cxurtmcb'ant, Fr, 
 a bad heart] one who is void of generofity ; a 
 niggardly or avariciou<. perfon ; a mifer, 
 
 CURMU'DGEONLY, Adv. in an avari- 
 cious, niggardly, covetous manner. 
 
 CU/RRANT, S. in Botany; the tree hatl^ 
 prickles, the leaves aie long, the flower hati; 
 five petals expanded in the form of a rofe, the 
 germen arifes from the center of the flower, 
 and becomes a globular fruir, produced irj 
 bunches; likewife a fmall dried grape, pio^ 
 perly written cor'mtb. 
 
 _ CU-'RRENCY, S. [from current] circula- 
 tion; palTuig from hjnd to hand, and acknow- 
 ledged as legal, applied to coin or money, 
 whether in metal or paper. General recep- 
 tion; conflant flew; uninterrupted cpurfe ; 
 general eftecm and repufe, 
 
 CURR'ENT, Adj. \c-jrrens, Lat. Aotn 
 curro, Lat. to run] pafling from hand tq 
 hand; cftabLfiied, or legal, applied to money. 
 Generally received, not contiadi£led, applied 
 to opinion?. Popular or eftjblifned by a ma- 
 jority ; faiTiionjble ; palfable, or to be ad- 
 miited ; what is nov/ pafiing. " The currtni 
 year." \nQQn\vn^s<:t, account current, is that 
 which is opened by two pcrfcns that havt; 
 dealings with each other, wherein the dif- 
 ferent debs and credits of e..ch are regiflGreJ 
 on oppofite fides, in order to form a balance 
 between them, 
 
 CUR'RLNT, S. [fiom the adjeflivej In 
 Hydrography, a rnnning ilicim. in Naviga- 
 tion, a progriHive motion oi.the water of ih? 
 fea, by which a /l)ip msy be retarded in her 
 courfe, or carried more fwiiiiy, when ipoying 
 in the fame direction as the current. 
 
 CUR/REN'1'LY, Adv. inaconftint mor, 
 tion ; withouc oppofuion ; without ceafinj;. 
 
 CUR'RENTNESS, S. cirtulaiion ; gen?-- 
 ral rcrcpiion ; cafitiefs of pronunciation. 
 
 CU'RRIER, S. [fcrr.-r--, Ita!. ctr'nriuj,, 
 Lat.] one who lircUVs leather. 
 
 CUR'R'ISH, Adj. (trom cur and J^j lijcj 
 a cur ; fjnppitli; quirttliome. 
 
 ToCU'KRV, V. A. {ccurcyer, Fr. fro .1 
 cf'iam, LaI.J to dreii l^jih civi 
 
 y , ■
 
 CUR 
 
 feff. To rub a liorfe with a (harp-pointed in- ' 
 firument or comb, in order to fmooth his hide, 
 pTomote circulation, and increafe his flefti. 
 Figuratively, to tickle, or flatter. " I would 
 c-.irry with mafter Shallow." Shak, To curry 
 fa-.x'ur nvith, is to endeavour to gain the efteem 
 or friendfliip of another by trivial offices, and 
 fmall compliances. 
 
 CU'RRYCOMB, S. an iron inftrument fet 
 v;ith iron teeth, or wires, ufed to drefs a horfe 
 To CURSE, V. A. [curfian, Sax.] to wifh 
 a perfon ill ; to devote to deftru£lion. Figu- 
 ratively, to afflift or torment. 
 
 CURSEj S. [from the verb] the aftion of 
 wifliing any tremendous evil to another. The 
 aft of devoting to temporal or eternal tormentj 
 ' affliftion ; torment, or rnifery. 
 
 CU'RSED, Part. [oUurje] under a curfe. 
 Figuratively, hated; unholy; impious. 
 
 CU'RSEDNESS, the ftate of being under 
 a curfe. 
 
 CU'RSITOR, S. [Lat.] an officer or clerk 
 belonging to Chancery, whe m3kes out origi- 
 nal writs. There are 24, having each parti- 
 cular /hires allotted them, for which they 
 Hiake fuch original writs as are required, and 
 are called clerks of courfe in the oath of the 
 clerks (f Chancery. 
 
 CU'RSORARY, Adj. [fro.Ti curjui, Lat.] 
 curfory ; hafty ; carelefs ; without long atten- 
 tion. 
 
 CU'RSORILY, Adv. in a hafty manner ; 
 without care or attention. 
 
 CURSO'RINESS, S. haftej flightnefs of 
 attention. 
 
 CU'RSORY, Adj. [curjorhn, Lat.] hafty; 
 quick; carelefs ; tranfient. 
 
 CURST, Adj. [korfd, Belg.] froward ; 
 fnsrling ; peevifli; delighting in mifchief. 
 CURT, Adj [curtus. Lit.] fliort. 
 ToCU'RTAlL, V. A. [kertekn, Belg. to 
 cut] to cut off; to fhorten by cutting. Figu- 
 ratively, to retrench, apjlied to exoences. 
 
 CU'RTAIL DOG, S. a dog whofe tail is 
 cut off; and is thence rendered unfit for courf- 
 ing '. perhaps the original, from whence Cur 
 18 formed by contri^tion. 
 
 CU'RTAIN, S. [ccurtlne, Fr. cortina, Ital. 
 Span, and Lar.] a cloth hung before a win- 
 dow, and running on a firing or iron rod, by 
 
 c u s 
 
 CUR'VATION, S. the aft of bending or 
 
 crooking. 
 
 CURVE, Adj. [cur-vus, Lat. J crooked, 
 bent, formed, or forced from a perpendicular 
 or ftraight furface, to an angular one. 
 
 CURVE, S. any thing bent, a bending. 
 In Geometry, a line whofe points are placed, 
 and extend different ways, running on con- 
 tinually in all d'reftions, and may be cut by a 
 right line in more points than one. 
 
 To CURVE, S. to bend ; to crook ; t» 
 bend back or fold. 
 
 To CUR' VET, V. N. [cor^'ttare, Ital.] to 
 bound, or leap ; to frifk ; to grow v/anton, or 
 licentious. 
 
 CUR'VET, S. in the Manege, a leap 01 
 bound. Figuratively, a frolic or prank. 
 
 CURVILI'NEAR, Adj. {from curvtis, 
 Lat. and linea, Lat.] confifting of, er com- 
 pofed of one or more crooked lines. 
 CU'RVITY, S. crookednefs. 
 CU'SHION, S. [kujjjn, Belg. coi/JJ!ri, Fr. 
 fojcino, l(a!.] a cafe of filk, velvet, or vvorf- 
 tjd, fluffed with wool, feathers, or horfe- 
 hair, placed on the feat of a chair to render 
 the f.tting eafy. 
 
 CU'SHIONED, Adj. fupported by cufhi- 
 ons ; fea'ed on a cufliion. 
 
 CUSP, S. [cufpis, Lat. a point] in Aftro- 
 nomy, the horns of the moon, or any other 
 planet. 
 
 CU'SPATED, or CUSPIDATED, Adj. 
 [from cujpis, Lat. J in Botany, applied to the 
 leaves or petals of a flower, which end in a 
 point, called fpear-fliaped by Miller. 
 
 CU'STARD, S. \_anijiard, Brit.] a kind 
 ofpaftry made with milk, eggs, and fugar, 
 which are thickened into a maf?, either by 
 baking in an oven, or boiling over a fire. 
 
 CU'STODY, S. [cupdia, Lat.] confine- 
 ment in prifon ; reftraint of liberty. Figura- 
 tively, the charge or keeping of a perfon; 
 defence; prcfervation ; lecuruy. 
 
 CU'STOM, S. laufluKc, Fr.] repeated and 
 habitual praftice of any aftion ; fsftiion, or 
 a method adopted by the majoiity ; an efta- 
 blifhed manner ; a good 1 on of trade; a tri- 
 bute or tax p;id to the government on goods 
 imported or exported. Cuftom-boufe is the 
 place where thole taxes are paid. 
 which meanr it is fpread, or contracted, made! CU'STOM ABLE, Adj. that which is fre- 
 ufe of to exclude the light, air, or to hide any 1 quently or commonly praclifed. 
 
 thing. In Fortification that part of a wall 
 or rampart which lies between tw.i bjftionf. 
 
 To CU'RTAIN, V. A. to furnin., or hang 
 with curtairs. 
 
 CU'RTATE DISTANCE, S. in Aflrono- 
 my, the diflance of the fun's place, and that 
 cf a planet reduced to the ecliptic. 
 
 CURTA'TION, S. [curtatum, fupine of 
 evrto, Lat.] in Aftronomy, a little part cut 
 off from the line of a planet's interval or dif- 
 tance from the fun. 
 
 CUR'VATED, Adj. [curvatui, Lat.] 
 btnt. 
 
 CU'STOM.ABLY, Adv. according to cuf- 
 tom, or the common pxac>ice. 
 
 CU'STOMARILY, A Jv. commonly ; ge- 
 ner-llv. 
 
 CU'STOMARINESS, S. frequency of re- 
 petition, or prafttce, . 
 
 CU'Sl'OMARY, Adj. habitual; ufual. 
 
 CU'STOMKD, Adj. ufual; common; ge- 
 nerally praftifed. 
 
 CU'STOMER, S, one who purchafes any 
 thing of a tradefman. 
 
 CU'.STREL. S. J bucklcr-beaier; a vcffd 
 [ for holding wine. 
 
 T*
 
 CYC 
 
 To CUT, V A. [preter and participle 
 paflive cut, from couieiu, Fr. a knife] to pe- 
 netrate or dlvidi with a fiiarp-edged inftru- 
 ment j to he .V 5 to carve j to wound or pierce 
 with any uneafy or poignant fenfatioo. In 
 Gaming to feparate a pack of cards by taking 
 off feme of them from the others; to inter- 
 feft. Figuratively, to excel or furpafs. " He 
 cuti down the fineft orator." Addif, To cut 
 tut, tofhape; to form 5 to contrive; to fit; 
 to debar ; to excel. To cut up, to carve or di- 
 vide a jpint Of fowl, properly. To cut a Jail, 
 is to unfurl and let it fall down. 
 
 CUT, Part, prepared, or hi ffif ufe, allud- 
 ing to hewn timber. 
 
 CUT, S. the ad\ion or effect of a fliarp or 
 edged infirunient; a channel made by art; a 
 fmall piece, or flued, feparated by an edge 
 tool from a larger fubftance; a lot ; a fhovt 
 way, by which ibme winding is cut oft, or 
 avoided ; a pifture taken from a copper plate, 
 or carved wood, 
 
 CUTA'NEOUS, Adj. [from cuth, Lat. 
 the /kin] relating to the flcin. 
 
 CU'TICLE, S. \_cutku!a, Lat. a diminu- 
 tive of cutis, Lat. J the firft end outermoft 
 covering of the body, commonly called ilje 
 fcarf-ikin, which rifes on tne application of a 
 blifter plafter. Figuratively a thin fkin form- 
 ed on the furface ot any 1 quor. 
 
 CU'TICULAR, Adj. belonging to the 
 cuticle, or fkin. 
 
 CU'TLASS, S. [ccutefas, Fr.] a broad 
 cutting fword. 
 
 CU'TLER, S. {ccutelier, Fr,] one who 
 make? and feils knives. 
 
 CUT-FURSE, S. one who robs a perfon 
 of his money by cutting his purfe; a com- 
 Snan practice before the invention of breeches, 
 when men wore their purfcs at their girdles ; 
 a thief; a robber. 
 
 CU'TTER, S. a perfon or inftrument 
 which cuts any thing ; a fmall nimble failing 
 veffcl ; the fore teeth. 
 
 CUT'THROAT, S. a murderer. 
 
 CUTTHROAT, Adj. cruel, barbarous. 
 
 CU'TTING, a Hired, or piece fcparated 
 by means of a knife, or fharp inftrument. 
 
 CUTTLEFISH, S. [cuttU-wjch, Belg. 
 kuttel-fifch, Teut.] ifl Natural Hiflory, a fifli, 
 which when purfued by a fifti of prey, emits 
 a black liquor, by which it darkens the water 
 and efcaoes. 
 
 CY'CLOID, S. \My.\(^wA u^'^, Cr.] a 
 geometrical curve, formed by the line which 
 a r.ail in the circnroference of a wheel, 
 makes in the air, while the wheel revolves in 
 a right line. 
 
 CYCLO'IDAL, Adj. relating to a cycloid ; 
 the cycioidal jpace, is that contained between a 
 cycloid and its Aibilance, 
 
 CYCLO'P/EniA, S. [from y.w.K^ and 
 waiJsia, Gr.] a cirtle of knowledge j a courfe 
 of fcienccs. 
 
 C Z A 
 
 CY'GNET, S. [cygnus Lat. a (v/inl ^ 
 young fwan. ^ 
 
 CY'LINDER, S. [xyXivJjov, Gr.] in G:o- 
 metry a round folid, having its bafes circu- 
 lar, equal, and parallel, in the form of a 
 rolling ftone ufed by gardeners. 
 
 CY'/LINDRIC, or CYLINDRICAL, Adj, 
 partaking of the nature, or in the form of a 
 cylinder. 
 
 CY'MA/R, S. [properly written frr.ar] a 
 flight loofe covering or fcarf. 
 
 CYMA'TIUM, S. [L.t xv,v.aT;r;, Gr.] 
 in Architefture, a member, or moulding ot 
 the ccnice, the profile of v/hich is waved, or 
 co.nc/ve at tnp, and convex at bottom. 
 
 CY'MBAL, "S. \cy:r.balum, Lat.J a mufical 
 Inftrument ufed by the antients, fuppo'ed to he 
 made of brafs, and in the form of a kctiie- 
 drum, though fomewhat lefs. 
 
 CYN^'NTROPY, S. [from v-wq, and 
 a\Q{^-j)'!t:%--, Gr.J a fpecies of madnefs, in 
 which perfons refemble a dog ; the fpecies of 
 madnefs contrafted by the bite of a mad d"g. 
 CYNEGE'TiCS, [Gr,] the art of hunt- 
 ing ; the art of training dogs for hunting. 
 
 CY/NIC, or CYNICAL, Adj. [jcj'/;/.'^, 
 Gr.] fnarling ; brut-1 or partaking of the 
 qualities of a cynic philofopher, who was re- 
 markable for his contt-mpt oi rithe:, and ri- 
 gorous reprehenfion of vice, 
 
 CYNIC, S. a philofopher, who valued 
 himfelf for his contempt of every thing, ex- 
 cept morality; a feft founded by Diogenes. 
 
 CY'NOSURE, S. [from y.-J:©-, and ii^^., 
 Gr.] in Aftronomy, the name jiiven by the 
 Greeks to Urfa Minor, or the Little Bear; 
 the polar ftar by which failors ft-cr. 
 
 CY'PRESS, S. [cypref/us, Lat. cy/^res, Fr.] 
 In Botany, the wood of this tree is of fo lad- 
 ing a nature, that the gates of St. Peter's 
 ch'ifch at Rome, which- were made of it, 
 hfted 6co years without .iny fenfible decay. 
 Figuratively, ufed for mourning. 
 
 CY/PRUS, S. [fo called from the pbce 
 where it was made] a thin tranfparent fluff, 
 ufed for fieves, o'c. 
 
 CYST, S. [xur;?, Gr.] in Surgery, a bag 
 cont.itning fome morbid matter. 
 
 CY'Si'IC, Adj. in Surgery, contained ia 
 a Las;. 
 
 CYSTO'TOMY, S. [from xi^r;,-, snd 
 TS;<.tVi), Gr.J the aft of opening eacylled tu- 
 mors, or cutting the bag in which any morbid 
 matter is contained. 
 
 CZAR, S. [Scalv.] written more properly 
 <•?!..>•, the title of the emperor of Rufiis. 
 
 CZARI'NA, S. [from Czar] the title of 
 the Emprefs of RulTia, 
 
 D 
 
 The fourth letter in the Enplilh al- 
 phabet, and the third confunaiit. 
 In tiie Roman, Saxon and our alpha -eLs, 
 it is of ''he fame fhape, and feem. for acd 
 U z i'uia
 
 D A I 
 
 from the A Delta of the Greeks ; It is pro- 
 no'inced by applying the tip of the tongue to 
 the fore part of the p.late, and then feparat- 
 ing them by a gentle brer.thing, the lips be- 
 ing open at the lame time, As a numeral 
 it ftands for 500, As an abreviature, D. 
 ftandi for dacfcr, D. D. doBor in di-vinhy, cr 
 dona dedit, gave as a prelent, Ti.Q. da capo, 
 in Mufic, implies, that you are to end the 
 tune, by repeating the firfrpart or ftrain over 
 a°ain, 
 
 ' To DAB, V. A. {dauher Fr.] to touch 
 gently with fomething foft, or moift. 
 
 DAB, S. a fmaJl lump, generally applied 
 to fumetliino moift J a blow with fomething 
 rnoift or fufr. In a low language, a perfon ex- 
 pert in a^^y thing. In Natural Hiftory, a 
 fmall fiar fifii. 
 
 To DA'P.CLE, V. A. [dMelen, Bclg. 
 ditlo, Erie ] to fmear, moiften, or daub with 
 fomething wet; to play in the water; to do 
 any thing in ajlighf or fupctiicial manne". 
 
 DA'BBLER, S. one that plays in witer. 
 Figuratively, one v.ho performs a thing fu- 
 perficially ; one who never m.ikes himfelf 
 a complete mafier of any fubjedV, or -branch 
 of fcienre. 
 
 DA'B-CHICK, S. a water-fowl, 
 
 DA CAPO, See letter D. 
 
 DACE, S. [dmcau, Fr.] a fmall river fifh 
 refembling a roach, but fomething lefs. 
 
 DA'CTYL, S. [daayllus, Lat.J a foot in 
 Latin and Greek poetry, confifting of one 
 long and two fhort fvllableS. 
 
 DAD, or DADDY, ^. [tad, Brit, at'a, 
 Goth. oT'itt, Gr. tela, Lat. dadda, Ital.] a 
 father. 
 
 D/EDAL, Adj. [dada'uz, Lat.] various j 
 variegated ; (kilful. 
 
 DA'FFODIL, DAFFODI'LLY, or DAF- 
 FODOWNDILLY, S. in Botany, the nar- 
 cifius. Tourncfort ranges it in the fecor.d 
 feftion of his ninth clafs, and Linnaeus in 
 the firfl: fedlion of his fixth clafs. The fpecies 
 are nine. 
 
 DAG, S. [dague, Fr.] a dagger; a hand- 
 gun. 
 
 To DAG, V. A. [dji7g, dsig, Sa*. to hang 
 loofej to dirt or bemirc the lower parts of a 
 garment. 
 
 DA'GGER, S. [dague, Fr.] a IhortAvord. 
 In Fencing Schools, a blunt bLae of iron, 
 with a baflcet hilt, ufej for dcfe.-ice. In 
 riijiting, i!ie obe!ifl<, u!cd as a mark of re- 
 Itreme. anH ot this form(j-.) 
 
 DA'GGERS DRAWING, S. the acl of 
 Clawing a dagger. Figuratively, quarrelfome- 
 ntfs, or rea in-fs to fight. 
 
 To DA'GGLE, V. A. ffrora dag] to wet 
 dirt, cr dau*> liic bottom of the cloafhs, Ly 
 Walking in tbs diir, dew, or wet. Ncuteily, 
 to Hang in the mire, dirt or wet. 
 
 D.Al'LY, Aaj. [daglic. Sax.] happening, 
 do.ie or repeated every day. Figuratively, 
 ciJclijQtly, or heijutt.fly. 
 
 DAM 
 
 DAI^NTILY, Adv. in a curiotis, ele- 
 gant, or delicate manner ; delicioufly j 
 pleafantly. 
 
 DA'INTINESS. S. delicacy, foftnefs ; ele- 
 gance ; nicety ; fqueamilhnefs j or the not 
 being eafily pleafed either with food or the 
 produd^ion^ of art. 
 
 DA'iNTY, Adj. pleafing to the tafte, 
 and purchafed with great coft. Figuratively, 
 of delicate or exqtiifite fenfibility; fqueani- 
 ifh ; not eafily pleafed with food ; fcru- 
 pulous ; elegant ; well or nicely formed ; 
 nice, or aftedled. " Your dainty fpeakers." 
 Prior. 
 
 DA'INTY, S. fome rare food of exquifite 
 tafle. A word of fondnefs. " Why, that's 
 my dainty." k'hak. 
 
 DA'IRY, S. [homdey, an old word for 
 milk] the employment of making feveral 
 kinds of food from milk ; pafturage ; a milk 
 farm, or place where milk is kept, and butter 
 or cheefe made. 
 
 DA'IRY-MAID, S. a woman fervant, who 
 has the care of the dairy, and makes butter 
 or cheefe. 
 
 DA'ISY, S. [dais, Fr.] in Botany, the 
 l(.'lis : it hath a radiated difcous flower, com- 
 pofed of many hermaphrodite flowers in the 
 dilk, and female flowers forming the border, 
 or rays, which are included in a common em- 
 palement. The germen becomes a (ingle 
 naked feed, placed vertically. It is ranged 
 by Linnsus in the fecond feft. of his 19th 
 clafs. The fpecies are three. 
 
 DALE, S. a low or hollow place between 
 hiils j a vale or valley. 
 
 DA'LLIANCE, S. [from daily] afls of 
 fondnefs between lovers. Figuratively, the 
 cartfl'cs of a married couple. " Held d^ll:- 
 <3ri« with his fair Egyptian fpoufe." Mih. 
 Delay, or deferring a thing. " You ufe this 
 dalliance to excufe — your breach of promife," 
 Sl-ai. 
 
 DA'LLIER, S. a trifler j a perfon who 
 praftifes afts of fondneis. 
 
 To DA'LLY, V. N. [do/kit, Belg.] to 
 trifle; to play the fuol ; to amufe one's felf 
 ana lofe time in idle plav; to exchange ca- 
 relFes of fondnefs 3 to iport j to frolic; ta 
 delay. 
 
 DAM, S. [from daiKC, which, according to 
 Cb.aucer, formerly fiyiiiiied a mother] the 
 mother, applied mofl commonly to hearts ; 
 but tiguratiVely, and by way of reprcrach, ap- 
 plied to perfonf. 
 
 DA.M, S. [dam. Belg. djmr, Teut.] a 
 mole, bank, or any other obfirudlion to con- 
 fine water. 
 
 To DAM, V, A. [dan:n:ar., Yt.f<,r(dammcm, 
 Sax. J to confine water by moles or other 
 cbftruftions. Figuratively, to damp ; to ex- 
 tinpuifh, cbftruift, or intercept. " The more 
 thou dammfl it up, the more it burns." Shai. 
 " Moon if yuur infiiiencc Le quite damrnd 
 up." Mtlt. 
 
 DA'MAGE.
 
 t) A M 
 
 DA'MAGE, S. [Jornage, Fr.] mifchlef; 
 hurt ; detriment j lols. 
 
 To DA'MAGE, V. A. [from the noun 
 to fpoil, hurt, or impair any thing ; to aiTedl 
 a perl'on v/ith lofs, or hinder hiiTi in the pro- 
 fceution of his bufinefs. Neuterly, to impair j 
 to lofe of its worth by time. 
 
 DA'MAGE A CLE, Adj. that which may 
 be impaired or fpoiled by time : Mifchievous 
 Or hurtful, 
 
 DA'MASCENE, or DAMSON, S. [dj. 
 majcenus, Lat. from Damajcui] in Ga;dening, 
 fi i'tijU round black plum, of a rough and 
 afiringent tafte. 
 
 DA'MASCUS, S. by the Turks called 
 Schan, the capital of the fouth part of Syria, 
 in Afiatic Turkey. It was long tlie royal ro- 
 fidence for feveral fucceffions of princes, and 
 Hands in a delightful and fertile plain, on 
 the antient Chryfortheus, or Golden river, 
 which enriches that city and country. Ta- 
 merlane took and deftroyed iis caftle, and 
 with it 300,000 Turks 5 before which time, 
 Damafcus is faid to have had forty noble 
 porticoes, and 90,000 gold and filver lant- 
 horns. In 1506, the Turks took it, and 
 have kept pofTelTion 6i it ever fince. The city 
 is oblong, pointing nearly N. E. and S. W. It 
 is computed at about two miles in length, and 
 thick fet with towers, domes, and minarets j 
 befides being encompafTsJ wit.h fine gardens 
 and orchards, extending no kfs than thirty 
 miles round, and embelliflied with fine fum- 
 mer-houfes, turrets, &c. mofl: of thefe plan- 
 tations having a clear ftream running through 
 them, vvith fountains, cafcadcF, v/atcr-works, 
 &c. In the neij^hbourhood of the city, is a 
 place Called the Green or Meidan, where, the 
 natives believe was the feat of paradife; and 
 they have a tradition among them, that Adam 
 was formed of tlie duft of the neighbouring 
 fields. In the heart of the city, is a high oval 
 caflle, flanked with towers, in which are fome 
 cannon. The only entrance to it, is on the 
 E. fide, with a draw-bridge kept up with ftone 
 chaino. Here are 15,000 JinifTaries conftant- 
 ly kept, with a Beglerbeg or Ba.lia. It is the 
 feat of a Greek patriarch j and lies 95 miles 
 N, E. of Jerufalem, and 210 S. of Aleppo. 
 Lat. 33 deg. 25 min. N. long. 37 deg. 27 
 tnin, £. 
 
 DA'MASK, S. [damafjuin, Fr. dmna. 
 fchino, Iial. from Damafcus, the place where 
 It was invented,] a manufafture of linen or 
 filk woven with raifed flowers ; likevvife a 
 very fine fleel, at Damafcus in Sycia ufed for 
 fword and cutlafs blades, and of a very fine 
 temper. Figuratively, a red colour, allud- 
 ing to that of the damafk rofe. " Her 
 djmajk late, now chang'd to purcfl white." 
 Fairfax. 
 
 To DA'MASK, V. A. to weave linen or 
 filk in raifed figures j to variegate, divetfify, 
 or embeUifb, To adorn fteel .woik with 
 .fifcUies. 
 
 D A M ■ 
 
 DA'.MASKROSE, S. in Botany, rifes 
 with prickly ft.-^ks, 8 or 10 fee: high; tha 
 leaves are compofed o" iwo pair of oval lobes, 
 t-rminated by an odd ons, of a iark green on 
 the upper, and of a palegieenon the under (idr-j 
 the borders are frequently turned down, and 
 fometimes favvcd 5 the foatftilks of the Row- 
 ers are fit with prickly hairj ; the empale- 
 ment of the flower is wing-pointed, and hairy; 
 the flowers are of a foft, pale-re', not very 
 double, ot an agreeable odour, and the tops 
 are long and fmo ith. See ROSE, 
 
 DAM.aSKE'ENIMG, or DA'MASKEN- 
 ING, S. the art of adorning iron and fieri, ^ 
 ciuting or carving holes in them, and filling 
 them up with gold or filver wire : it is a com- 
 pofition of Mofa'c wo;k, engraving, and CJrv- 
 ing ; the Mofaic work confifts of pieces ia- 
 l.iyed ; the engraving, the metal which is cut 
 out in various forms ; and carving, with re- 
 fpefl to the gold and filcer wrought th;re in 
 relievo. 
 
 DAME, S. [Fr. dama, Ital.j nrijin i!!y ap- 
 plied to a perfan who was millrefs of ,1 family, 
 and of a noble birth, as it is at prefeut ufed 
 in Law 5 but commonly ufed now for a far- 
 mer's wife, or one of the lower fort. Ufed \n 
 Poetry for a perfon of rank, and at court given 
 to fuch ladies as have places there. Figura- 
 tively, women in general. 
 
 To DAMN, V. A. [dJinim, Lat. damnery 
 Fr. j to doom, devote, or rurfe to eternal tor- 
 ments; to procure etemal punifiiment ; to ex- 
 plode or render any performance unpopular, 
 by hifling or criticifing. 
 
 DA'MNABLE, Adj. deferving. or juftly 
 condemned to eternal puniihmeut. Some- 
 times ufed, indecently, in a ludicrous fenfe, 
 for pernicious or odious. ♦> 
 
 DA'iVINABLy, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to incur eterinl runilhment. 
 
 DA'MNATION, S. exclufion from divine 
 mercy ; the ffate of a perfon who is fentenced 
 to eternal puTilhinent. 
 
 DAMNA'TORY, Ai].^Jidimnaior]us, Lat.] 
 containing the fentence to eternal puniflj- 
 ment. 
 
 DA'MNED, Part, hateful; deteftable ; a- 
 bominable ; doomed to everlafting punifli- 
 ment. 
 
 DAMNITIC, Adj. procuring lofs; mlf- 
 chievou?. 
 
 To D.A'MNIFY, V. A. [damnlfico, Lat.] 
 to caufe lofs ; to fpuil, hurt, or impair. 
 
 D.AM'NINGNESS, tendency to fubjeft a 
 perfon to eternal puniHsments. 
 
 DAMP, Adj. [dampe, Belg.] moift ; in- 
 clining to wet ; moirteued by the air or va- 
 pours. Figuratively, dcjedked; full of for- 
 row, on account of fome fuddcji difappoint- 
 ment or unexpefted calamity. 
 
 D.AMP, S. a fog, or mitt ; a moift noxious 
 vapour. Figuratively, dejeftion or forrow, 
 ariling from fome unforefcen check, or fudden 
 calamity, 
 
 U 3 To
 
 DAN 
 
 To DAMP, V. A. [from the adjeftive] 
 to v/ct or n-.oilien ; to ch>ll ; or diniinilh heat 
 by water. Figuratively, lo lefien any quality ; 
 to ftnoiher, check, or dcprefs any ardour or 
 paffio 1- 
 
 DA'MPISHNESS, S. tendency to wctnefs, 
 or moillnri-, aiifn g trom togs, vapours, &c. 
 
 DA'iVU-NESS, S- a cold moiftuie, or log- 
 ginefs. 
 
 DA'MpV, A(!i. main: or wet. 
 DVMSEL, S.' [Ji:mo;jUle,¥r.] originally 
 ufed ftr a ycung gentlewoman or lady of dif- 
 tinftion : an attendant of the higher rank; 
 but at pr.:fc,T.': for a young country iais. 
 
 DAN, S. [Jon, Span, from dom'tnui, Lat.] 
 a titli: of dignity or ijonour, form^'rly uled for 
 n:afer. " Pray thank dan Pope." Prior, 
 
 To DANCE, V. N. [d.mjcr, Fr, dancar, 
 Span, djnzure, Itai.] to trove in a graceful at- 
 t!t':de, according to an air fung, or pby'd. 
 Aiflively, to mike a perfon dahce, or fktp. 
 To di:nce attendance, is to wait in an humble 
 and fuppliant manner on a perfon. 
 
 DANCE, S. [Fr. dans, 1(1.] an agreeable 
 motion of th« body end feet, adjuftcH by art, 
 to the meafure or tune of a mufiCiil inftrument 
 or the voice. 
 
 DA'NCER. S. one who praftifes dancing. 
 DA'NCING-MASTER, S. one who 
 teaches the art of d.incinp. 
 
 D.ANDE'LION, S. [dent da lion, Fr. lion's 
 toothj in Botany, the name of a plant which 
 crows in the fields ; it refembles the hawk- 
 weed, excepting that it has a fitigle naked 
 ftalk, with flowers on the top, and Is eaten as 
 a fallad. 
 
 DANDII'PPvAT, S [djr.den, Fr.] a little 
 fsllow; ufed fometiraes as a word of fondnefs, 
 and lometimcs as a word of reproach. 
 
 To DA'NDLE, V. A. \dandefen, Belg.] to 
 keep a child in motion, either on the knee, or 
 o;her\vife, to quiet it. Figuraiivejy, to treat 
 v/it.h too much fondnefs, to ufe like a 
 child. 
 
 DA'NDLER, S. a perfon that fondles s 
 child. 
 
 DA'NDPxUFF, S. the fcurf or dirt which 
 flicks to the head. 
 
 DANE'WORT, S. in Eotar.y, a fpecies oi 
 cMir, called likewife the dwarf elder. 
 
 DAN'GEP., S. [Fr.j hazard : rlfque ; or a 
 con Jition which 18 li..ble to mifchicf, or ca- 
 lamity. 
 
 To DAN'GER, V. A. to expofe to lofs, 
 calamity, or mifoy. 
 
 DAN'GERLESS, Adj. out of a poffibility 
 of meeting with any calamity or accident. 
 
 DAN'GEROUS, Adj. expofed to accidents, 
 lof"., harm, or mifchief. 
 
 DAN'GEROUSNESS, S. a condition 
 which expofes to accidents, calamity, or 
 de.ih. 
 
 ToDANG'LE, V, N. to hang loofe, fo as 
 to be pui in motion by the wind, btcath, or a 
 
 D A R 
 
 fhake. Figuratively, to hang as a dependent 
 upon a p?i Ion. 
 
 DAN'GLER, S a perfon who frequent! 
 the company of women purely to pafs or kill 
 time. 
 
 DANK, ^c'j. [tunhn, Teut.] mcifl ; 
 wettifh. 
 
 DAN'KISH, Adj. fcmewhat moift or 
 wet. 
 
 To DAP, V. A [from dip] in Angling, 
 to let till or put cently into the water. 
 
 DAP'PER, Adj. [dapper, Belg.J fmall of 
 ftature, and full of fpirit and vivacity. 
 
 DAl'/PERLING, S. a perfon of lovtr fta- 
 ture ; ri dwarf. 
 
 DAP'PLE, Adj. Bnarked, variegated, or 
 
 clouded wit.h difierent colours. 
 
 To DAP'PLE, V. A. to ftreak, ordiverfify 
 with a difierent colour. 
 
 DAR, or DART, S. a fifli found in the 
 Severn. 
 
 To DARE. V. N. [preter. I durjl, or Jba'rv 
 dared; trom dtarran, dyrran, Sax. gaddaurjla, 
 Goth, derren, Belg. deoran, Sax. to hurt] to 
 underta.ke a thing without being difcouraged 
 by the dangers which attend it. A£lively, to 
 challenpe or provoke a perfon to fight. To 
 dare lai-ks, is to catch them by means of a 
 looking- glafs, which keeps them in a maze, 
 "'i taken. ' 
 
 DARE, S. a provocation, or calling on a 
 perlon to figlit ; a challenge ; a defiance. 
 
 DA'REJrUL, Adj. full of defiance 3 with- 
 out fear. 
 
 DA'RING, Adj. bold ; adventurous; cou- 
 rageoully undertaking an affair, notwithftand- 
 ing the dangers attending it. 
 
 DA'RINGLY, Adv. in a bold, courageous, 
 outrageous, or impudent manner. 
 DA'RINGNESS, S. boldnefs. 
 Dark, Adj. \deorc, Sax.] without light. 
 Not bright; dull, applied to colours. Opake ; 
 net to be feen through ; not having light in 
 itfelf. Figuratively, not eafy to be under- 
 ftood ; obfcure ; ignorant ; not enlightened 
 with knowledge, or revelation. Gloomy; not 
 cheaifu!, applied to the temper, 
 
 D.ARK, S. want of light, by v.hich all ob- 
 jects become invifible. Figuratively, obfcu- 
 rity ; the condition of a perfon not known or 
 famous; want of knowledge; ignorance. 
 
 To DARKEN, V. A. [adeorcian, Sax.] to 
 deprive of, or fhut out the light ; to cloud, 
 perplex; to render the mind unable to diftin- 
 guith the qualities of objciSls; to grow towards 
 night ; to grow dark or gloomy. 
 
 DARK'LING, Part, hid in the dark j 
 cor.cealed from fight. 
 
 DA'RKLY, Adv. in a fituation void of 
 light ; obfcurely. 
 
 Da'RKNESS, S. a ftate wherein light is 
 abfent, and obie£ls which are difcovered by 
 the fight, become invifible ; opakenefs. Ob- 
 fcuiity, or difSculc to be underllcjod, applied 
 1 " ■ " to
 
 D A U 
 
 tf> books. The infernal gloom jwickednefsj 
 the empire of Sat.!n. 
 
 DA'RKSOME, Adj. gloomy ; obfcure. 
 DA'RLING, S. [deorfwg, Sax J a petfon 
 more beloved than any other j a Javourite. 
 
 To DARN, V. A. to mend holes by 
 flitches, in imitation of the fabric of the 
 fluff. 
 
 DA'RNEL, S. a weed growing in corn- 
 fields. 
 
 Dart, S. [dard, Fr.] a fmall lance or 
 weapon thrown by the hand. 
 
 To DART, V. A. to caft or throw a dart; 
 to wound at a diftance ; to emit, or caft. 
 Neuterly, to fly as a dart. 
 
 To DASH, V. A. [dafcher, Fr.] to throw 
 «ne thing with violence and fut'dcnncfs againft 
 another; lo break by throwing with violence; 
 to bcfprinkle ; to wet by beating the water 
 with a flick, or by flinging a ftone or other 
 thing into it ; to mingle or mix with another 
 liquor; to obliterate or cancel a writing, by 
 drawing a carelels ftroke over it with a pen ; 
 to make a oerfon afhamed, to confound. 
 Neuterly, to fly in waves or fparkles over the 
 furface or brim of a vefTel or bank ; to fly i/i 
 fparkles or (heets, attended with a loud noife, 
 applied to water. 
 
 DASH, S. the ftroke occafioned by fling- 
 ing one body forcibly againft another ; a ftroke 
 made with a pen; a blow ; a mixture of ano- 
 ther liquor. 
 
 DA'STAR.D, S. [adraftrigan. Sax.] a 
 coward; a perfon infamoufly fearful. 
 
 To DA'STARD, V. A. to terrify ; to 
 afi"e£l with fear. " A i>d f/fl//drd's manly fouls 
 with hope and fear." Dryd. 
 
 To DA'STARDIZE, V. A. to intimi- 
 date ; to render cowardly with fear. 
 
 DA'STARDY, S. too great an afTedion 
 of, or lia'ulenefs to fear. 
 
 Date, S. [datte, Fr. from datum, Lat.] 
 the time or day in which a writing is figned 
 or written ; or an event happens ; the time ap- 
 pointed for a thing to be done; continuance; 
 the fruit of the palm-tree. 
 
 To Date, v. a. to let down the time in 
 which a thing is done, or writing per- 
 formed. 
 
 DA'TELESS, Adj. without any fixed term 
 «r period, 
 
 DA'TIVE, S. [dat'tf, Fr. dat'i-vus, L:.t.j 
 the cafe of a noun which fignifies the perfon 
 to whom any thing is given or done ; as « e 
 have j)o cafes in Engliih, this relation is gene 
 rally exprelled by prefixing /o before the noun, 
 but after verbs oi gming, the particle is omitted. 
 In Law, fuch executors as are appointed by a 
 ju.i'se's decree. 
 
 To Daub, v. a. [daukr, Fr.] tofmesr 
 with fomething ftirking ; to foil, or make 
 dirty. Figuratively, to paint coarfely ; to 
 cuvcr with fomething which difguifcs ; to 
 cover with fomething gaudy j to flatter gi-ofs'y; 
 to pUy ih.; hypocrite. 
 
 DAW 
 
 DAU'BER, S. one who foils or fmears a 
 thing ; a coarfe painter. 
 
 DAVE'NANT, [Sir William] wasthe 
 fonof John Oavenanc, a citizen and tavern- 
 keeper of Oxford, and was born in February 
 1605. .'n 1624, he entered a member of 
 chat univerfity ; but being more inclined to 
 a gay than fedentary life, he did not remain 
 long there, but repaired to court, and W3s 
 made firft page to Frances, duchefs of Rich- 
 mond, and from thence he removed to the fa- 
 mily ofjord Brooke, and during his refi.ip^r 
 with this family, produced his 'firft tragejy 
 called AJbovino, kingof the Lombards, which 
 was well received, Upon the death of Ben 
 Jonfon, he was appointed laureat. As he 
 was ftedfaft in his loyalty to the king, he was 
 acculed by the parliament in 1641, of fcducing 
 the army from their authority, and attempting 
 to bring them over to that of the king. This 
 made him refolvc to place his fafety in flight} 
 but he was ftopt at Feverlharn, fent to 
 town, and committed to the care of a mef- 
 fenger. In July following, he was admitted 
 to bdil, and again endeavoured to avoid the 
 troubles of the times, by withdrawing into 
 France; but was feized in Kent. From this 
 confinement he was foon releafed, and at Uft 
 retired beyond fea. After feme time he re- 
 tuined to England, and was, by his old 
 triend and patron the earl of Newcaftle, 
 made lieutenant-general of his ordnance, 
 and in this capacity it is probable he behaved 
 well, for in September 1643, he was knighted 
 by the king, at the fiege of Glocefter. But 
 the king's ;,ffairs becoming irretrievable, he 
 once more left the kingdom, and went to 
 France, where he got into fuch favour with 
 the queen, that fhe trufted him with atiairs 
 of great im.portance. At the Reftoration, he 
 had the patent of the Duke's company of 
 comedians granted to him ; and opened the 
 theitre in Lincoln's Inn fields, with the 
 Siege of Rhode , written by himfelf, the 
 houfe being finely decorated, and the ftage 
 ori.amented with painted fcenes, which w<;'e 
 by him introduced, if not invented. His 
 dramatic performances were feventeen in 
 number. He died on April 17, 16SS, and 
 was enterred in Wefiminfter Abbey. On hit 
 grave ftone was inlcribed, in imitation of Ben 
 Jonfon, this ftiort epitaph, ** O rare Sir 
 William D.^venant," 
 
 DAU'GHIER, S, [daugbtar, Goth. 
 dohur, Sax. and Teut,J the female offifpiing 
 ot a man or woman. 
 
 To DAUNT, V. A. [domtir, Fr, dmil», 
 Lat. J to difcourage ; to damp a perfon's cou- 
 rage. 
 
 DAU'NTLESS, Adj, without feir, or 
 di CO irat;ement. 
 
 DAU'NTLESSNESS, S, a condition void 
 of fear. 
 
 To DAWN, V. N, Idaglan, Saot.] to 
 
 grow light; to s^dvaace twwa((U day. 1-igu- 
 
 ^ 4 ratively.
 
 1) E A 
 
 D E A 
 
 ■Hlwclv, to glimmer, or afford an obfturet motion In a dead hody'is called a //wri ilefip. 
 light to the underftanding ; to eive foine ji»di-j Unaftive, dull, applied to colours. Ufckls , 
 
 cation of greater and approacJiing i'lilendor, 
 
 DTVWW, S. the firfl appearance of day or 
 Vight. Figuratively, a bej^inning. 
 
 DAY, ^S. [da-^^ Sex. djg:, Go-h. dagk, 
 jje'g. djg^, Dan. dtjhei, Iber.j that fpace of 
 tiffie wherein it is light ; but a natural or 
 civil day is that fpscis of time wherein the 
 caith performs one rotaiioii on its axis, fo 
 as its d rt'erent parts fliall fucceflively enjoy 
 ihe light of the fun ; this confifts of a pe- 
 riod of 14 houirs. Figurative^-, an indefi- 
 ■ni«e period of ti'me commencing from the 
 aiiion mentioned. 
 
 DA'Y-BOOK, S. a book wherein tradef-' 
 inen enter all the occurrences of the day, in 
 the order they happen j called likewife a 
 wafte-lmok, 
 
 DA'Y-LaBOUR, S. a portion of labour 
 exafled of a peri'on every day, and implies the 
 idea of hardfliip and fatijuc-. 
 
 DA'Y-LAE'oURER, S. a perfon who is 
 fcired to work by the day 5 a hard-working 
 and flaving perfon. 
 
 DA'YSMAN, S. a perfon ct^ofen to de- 
 termine or decJHe a difpute or contelt be- 
 tween others. " Neither is there any dayf- 
 man betwixt us." jfob ix. 33. 
 
 DA'Y-SPRING, S. the fitft appearand, 
 of light in the morning ; the d^wn j the oay- 
 b.'eak. 
 
 DA'YSTAR, S. the morning- ftar. "So 
 f-rks "he d'y-fiar in the cce.^n bed." J^Iilt, 
 ■Figuratively, the light fhed by tne diy-Jlar j 
 the light of the gofpei which is ipread by 
 .Chnft, the day--j}ar of righteoufnefs. " The 
 lisy-ficr {hAl rife in your hearts." 2 Fet. 
 i. 19., 
 
 DA'ZIED, .Ad;, adorned and over-grown 
 v/ith d.'zies. '• find out the prcttiell dazied 
 fpot we can." Sf.-ak. 
 
 ToDA'ZZLE, V. A. [^vvy^/, Belg.] to 
 Bverpower the eyes, and injure the light with 
 too grejt a degree of ligrit or I'plendor ; to be 
 overpowered, or )ofe the ule of fight for a 
 tiftie, by too much l>ght, or too great an 
 application to reading 
 
 DE.VCON, S. [diaconui, Lar. ^ixxsv<^,Gt. 
 from '<o'iiai, to minifter loj a lower degree of 
 clergy, rather a novitiate, cr f?a;e of prdtia:ion 
 for one year, after which a perfun is admitted 
 into full orders, or ordained a priefl. 
 
 DEA'CONNESS, S. a female in the an- 
 tjtnt church, who ad.-n:riil^ered fuch offices 
 to thofe of her own fex, which it wis not de 
 cent for the men to do, fuch as the baptifm 
 tf adult, women, fe°f. 
 
 DEAD, Adj. [deod, Pclg, dcd, Dm. dau 
 €tr,\i[, dautbui,G-:i\.'n.\ wi.hoiit, or deprived 
 of life, applied to thofe pcrfons vvhofs fouls 
 aie feparated from their bod.es. Figuia- 
 iivdy, without kn^c or motion j hence a deer 
 Ifcep, which imitates tiie want uf fsnfe and 
 
 unaffefting; void of ardour or warmth. " Hovr 
 cold ani dead does a prayer appear r" /1dd:f. 
 Taftelefs or vapid, applied to liquors. Unin- 
 habited, or not interfperfed with houles. 
 " A dijd wall." Withered. " A died 
 bough, or plant." 
 
 To DEAD, or DEADEN, V. A. to de- 
 prive a thing of any quality, or fenfation. Fi- 
 guratively, to make liqudu vapid, taftelefs, 
 or fpititlers, Ncuteily, to lole any force or 
 quality. 
 
 DEA'D-LIFT, S. a preffing neceflity, call, 
 or exigenc- ; a laft refort. 
 
 DEADLY, Adj. that which kills ; mur- 
 thero'.is ; tr.ortal ; inveterate. " Dtadiy ei;e- 
 mies to the Turks." KnoUti. 
 
 UEA'DLY, Adv. in a manner refembling 
 the dead. " Looked deadly pale." Sk^ik. 
 Mortally, or in luch a manner as to deprive of 
 life. " The groanings of a dcad'y wounded 
 man.'' Ea. xxx. 24. Sometimes ufed iri 
 familiar dii'courfe, only to enforce the figni- 
 tication of a word, implying 'vtry much ; pro- 
 digioufly ; exceedingly, " Though deadly 
 weary." Orrery. 
 
 DEA'DNESi), S. want of warmth, and 
 ard.ur. Figuratively, languor, cr faintnei'^, 
 Vapidnefs ; lofs of fpirit, applied to li- 
 quots. 
 
 DEAD NET'TLE, S. in Botany^ a weed 
 failed likewife the aichangel. 
 
 DEAD RECKONING, 8. in Navigation^ 
 the conj'.dure made by feamen of the place 
 where the f]'.ip is, by keeping an account of 
 her way by the leg, by knowing the courfe 
 they have fljered by the connpafs, and by 
 redifying all wi;h an ail.-.wjnce for drift or 
 leeway, without any obfervation of the fuiij 
 moon, cr ftats. 
 
 DEAF, Adj. [Sax. dnf, Belg. (/aa*,Teut._ 
 dciv, Djn. daufur, Ifl ] wanting the fenfe of 
 hearing, or havif.g it greatly impaired. Fi- 
 guratively, regardlefs, unattentive, uied with 
 to. 
 
 To DEAF, or DEA'FEN, V. A. to de- 
 orive of hearing. 
 
 DEA'FLV, Adv. {dcafic. Sax-] without 
 any fer.fe of founds ; imperfeftly heard. 
 
 DE.VFNESS, S. the ftate of a perfon who 
 has entir.'^ly loft, or has the fenfe of hearing 
 greatly impired. Figuratively, inattention, 
 or entire difiegard. 
 
 DEAL, S. [dW, Sjx. dnl, Belg. dail, 
 Goth. dj!t, RuiT. diiL, Sclav. Corn. Djlm. dil, 
 Boh.j a parr, or portion j the oif.ce, or prac- 
 tice of dillributing cards to thofe who are en- 
 gaged in any game j iir, orpine-wood, from 
 deyle, Belg. 'did, Teut. 
 
 To DEAL, V. A. [da'.an, S«. deeltn, 
 Belg. dj'xlgan, Goth, delate, Rulf. ddiii, Boh. 
 dUhi, Scliv. r'ol.J to diftribute, or difpofe of 
 to different perfons 3 Co fcatter proaiifcuoufly i 
 
 .10 
 
 6 
 
 \ 
 I
 
 D E A 
 
 to give to feveral perfona in order, one after 
 ano-her. Neuieriy, to tranfatt bufinefs ; tu 
 trade ; to atl ; to I'eli ; to be converfant in ; 
 to praftite 5 to behave to.vards ; to treat ; 
 lometimes to cornend with, or approve. 
 
 DEA'LER, S. one who trades in any par- 
 ticular commoduy ; one who has to do with, 
 or ptaftifes any thing; one who diftributes 
 caids. 
 
 DE'ALING, S. practice; a£lion; beha- 
 viour ; treatment ; bufinefs ; or trade. 
 
 DEAN, S, [^oy^n, Fr. digriy Dan. Jicanus, 
 Lit. from Sina, Gr. ten, becaufe at firfl al- 
 ways prcfiding over ten prebendaries, or ca- 
 nons, at leaitj a perfoii in collegiate churches 
 or chapels, who is prefident of the chapter. 
 
 DE'ANERY, S. ihegoverni3nent,authori'y, 
 revenue, or refidcnce ot cdean. 
 
 DE'ANSHIP, S. the office of a dean. 
 DEAR, Adj. [deoie, dyre, Sax. deer, Belg.] 
 an object of great love, and of warm affec- 
 tion ; beloved. Figuratively, valuable ; of 
 high price, coftly ; fcarce ; not plentiful. 
 ■■'' A dear year." 
 
 DEAR, S. a word of fondnef's, implying 
 that the perfon is efteemed as much as the 
 greateft rarity, valued as much as the mol): 
 coifly purchale, and looked on as an objedt of 
 the moft intenfe love and afFcftion. 
 
 DEAR-BOUGHT, Adj. purchafed at a 
 high rate ; bought at too high a price. 
 
 DE'ARLING, or DARLING, S. [deor- 
 Urg, Sax.J a perfon careffed with great 
 afieClion. *• Th; reft of Venus* dearlirgs." 
 Spetiler. 
 
 DE'ARLY, Adv. with great affeftinn. 
 Ufed with pay or huy, at a high price ; at too 
 great a price. 
 
 To DE.\RN, V. A. [dyrnan. Sax. to 
 hide] to mend holes in cloaths, fo as to re- 
 lemble the fabric of the ftjff. See DARN. 
 
 DE'ARNESS, S. fondnels ; a warm or 
 great degree of affection ; fcarcity; ccftlmefs; 
 a high, or too high a price. 
 
 DEARTH, S. [from dearj fcarcity ; want ; 
 need; famine; barrenne;s. 
 
 DEATH, S. [from death. Sax. dame, Ifl. 
 dauihus, Goth, J the departure of the foul 
 from the body ; iofs of ferfibility, motion, 
 and all the funiftions of animal lili;. Figu- 
 ratively, the flate of the (.ead ; murder, or 
 depriving a perfon of life by violent and 
 unlawful means \ the caufe of death. 
 
 DE'ATH-BED, S. the bed on vt'hich a 
 perfon dies. 
 
 DE'ATEiFUL, Aoj. pregnant with death ; 
 mortal; fatal 3 deftruttive. 
 
 DE'ATHLESS, Adj. not fubjea to death; 
 immortal. 
 
 DE'ATHLIKE, Adj. [dfatblU, Si.x.} re- 
 fembliijg death, either in its horrors, or in 
 its inlenfibility, or moiionlefs flate. 
 
 b E B 
 
 DE'ATH'S-MAN, S, an executioner. 
 DE'ATH- WATCH, S. fmething that ii 
 foolifhly reported to mike a ticking noifs in 
 a wall, &c. sgainft the death of fome friend J 
 but is on>y a imall infefV, ^c. m iking a 
 noife like the beating of a watch, riefc.-ibed 
 by Dr. Derham in the Philofophical T<anf- 
 a£ficns. It very much refembles a lonf^-, bo'll 
 in fliape and colour ; but is mote nimble } 
 is common in every houfe in the warm 
 months ; but in the cold fcafon, hides it.^'elf 
 in dry dufly places. 
 
 To DEBA'R, V. A. [from df anShar] to 
 hinder or reftrain a perfon from the enjoyment 
 of a thing. 
 
 To DESA'RK, V. A. [deiar^uer, Fr.] to 
 come Out of a fhip upon ftore. 
 
 To DEBA'SE, V. A. to reduce from a 
 higher to a lower value ; to adulterate metal 
 or liquors by the addition of forne'.hing lefs 
 valuable ; to fpoil, or render lefs perfedl by 
 mtan and unworthy additions. 
 
 DEBA'SEMENT, S. the aft of dfbafmg, 
 degrading or rendering a thing of lefs value 
 by the mixture of fomething mean or worth- 
 lefs. 
 
 DEBA'SER, S. the perfon who leObns the 
 value cf a thing by fome mixture 5 one who 
 adulterates metals or liquors. 
 
 DEBA'TaBLE, Adj. that which may be 
 difputed, or giveoccafion for controverfy. 
 
 OEBA'TE, S. [dei^t, Fr. diiatto, leal.] a 
 difpute concerning the meaning, or the truth 
 of any proportion ; a quarrel or con: eft. 
 
 To DEBA'TE, V. A. [dsialire, Fr. diht- 
 tere, Ital,] to controvert, or difpute ; to pro- 
 duce the arguments which may be brought 
 to fupport any fide of a queftion ; to deliberate. 
 DEBA'TEFLTL, Adj. fond of difpute or 
 contradidlion. QuarrJfonie or contentious, 
 when applied to perfons. Contefted, or ccca- 
 fioning difputes, wlien applied to things. 
 
 DEBA'TER, S. a dilpuiant, or one fond 
 of dilpute. 
 
 To DEBAU'CH, V. A. \debaucber, Fr. 
 deiaccbor, Ital.] to feduce a perfon, or prevail 
 on him to do fomething amifs ; to corrupt a 
 perfon's morals, fo as to make him lewd ; to 
 corrupt by intemperance in meat or drink, 
 but efpecially the latter. 
 
 DEBAU'CH, S. intemperance in meat or 
 drink ; lewdnefs. 
 
 DEBAUCHE'E, S. [the c pronounced like 
 an s, debauchi, Fr.J a perfon given to intern-' 
 perance in drink, or lewdnefs. 
 
 DEBAU'CHMENT, S. the atl of cor- 
 rupring the morals of a perfon, whether it 
 reipcCls temperance, orchafiity. "Debauch' 
 /nwr of nations." Taylor, 
 
 DEBE'NTURE, S. a writ or note by 
 which a debt Is claimed. 
 
 To DEBI'LITATE, V. A. [dchHitatum, 
 uj-ine ui debiiilo, Lat.J to deprive of ftren^-tb; 
 
 DE'ATHS'-DOOR, S. [aryXa, aicv, Gr.j 
 a^near approach to (kaih 3 on the brink or | to weaken, or render weak 
 verge of dying. 
 
 DEBlLf.
 
 DEC DEC 
 
 DEEIUTA'TION, S. the a6tofdepnv-I DECEI'VAELE, AHj, fuNjeft or expoffd 
 Jng a pcrfon of flrengthjOrrenderinghim we.Jv-. to fraud or impoftu-e ; fubjcft to, or capable 
 
 ol„ Icodin-: a perfon inro an error. 
 
 DECEKVABLENESS, S. the pofllbility of 
 
 DEBI'LITY, S. lofs of fliength ; ,weak- 
 iiefs ; want (.^f ftrength to bear any weight, or 
 lo accomplifh an unCcriaking. 
 
 DEBONA'IR,^ Arij. yehonnair, Ft.} li'vely ; 
 »ftjble ; genteel^ civil; well-bred j elegant; 
 comphifant. 
 
 DEBONAKRLY, Aiv. with an elegant or 
 grnteel air ; civilly; Iprighiiy. 
 
 DEBT, S. [dihitum, hzx, detu, Fr.] that 
 which one perlon owes to another. 
 
 DEBT'OR, S. {debitor, Lat.j he that ewes 
 Eiiothsr rn(,ney ; one VI ho has taken goods ot 
 another on truft; that f;de of an account 
 which contains the articles which a perlbn 
 has had on truH., 
 
 DEBULLl'TION, S. [dcbuliitlo, Lat.] the 
 bubbling ot water over the fides of the veflcl 
 which contains it. 
 
 DECA'DE, S, [JeJta, Gr.] a number a- 
 moutV'ing f''; ^''' coiififting often. 
 
 DECA'DEKCY, S. [decadence, Fr.] decay. 
 
 DECA'GON, S. [trom oma and j/ajyia, 
 
 Gr. j in Geometry, a figure having ten equal 
 
 fides and angles. 
 
 DE'CALOGUE, S. [hiia7.oy>^, Gr.] the 
 Ten Comraandments, given by God to Aiofcs, 
 ToDECA'MP, V. N. [dtcan./^cr. Fr.] to 
 ftit't a camp ; to remove !rom a place. • 
 
 DECAMP'MENT, S. the att cf moving 
 from a place. 
 
 To DECA'NT, V. A. [decanter, Fr.decan- 
 to, Lat.] to pour liquor ofl lently. 
 
 DECANTA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aa of 
 pouring liquor off the leef. 
 
 DECA'NTER, S. a boLtie of white glafs, 
 ufed to contain liquor?. 
 
 To DE'CAY, V. A. {dechcon, Fr. from 
 tie ind cado, Lai.j to lofe of its value, fub- 
 fiance, ftrengtn, or perfe£lion ; to be gradu- 
 ally impaiied. Aftively, to impair; con- 
 fume graduj.Uy, or wafte the fubftanceofa 
 thing. 
 
 DE'CAY, S. a gradual lofs of fnbftance, 
 qualities, value, or perfe£lion; the efleds or 
 marks of confumption or decline ; declenfion 
 from profperity 
 
 being impoied noon by falle pretences. 
 
 To DECE'iVE, V. A. [dael-voir, Fr. de- 
 cifio, Lat.] lo make a perfon believe fume- 
 tiiing (alfc, or intended to his damage or hurt ; 
 to impcie on a perfon's credulity by falfe ap- 
 pearances ; to lead into an error or miftake. 
 Figurat-vslv, to difappoinl. 
 
 DECE'JVER, S. one who leads another 
 into a miftake ; one who imoofes on the cre- 
 duii'.y of another. Fi;!uratively, one who 
 dilappoinis a pei Ion's cxpecration.s. 
 
 DECE'MBbR, .S. [from decew, Lat. ten] 
 the laft or twelfth month of the year, accord- 
 ing to the modern computatioji of time; but 
 formerly the fenih, as its name imports, the 
 year then beginnin<; in March. 
 
 DECEM'PEDAL, Aaj. [decewpedaUs, Lat.] 
 meafuring ten feet. 
 
 DECEM'VIRATE, S. the decemviri, 
 among the Roma.ns, were ten noblemen 
 choien to govern the cotnnaonweatth, initesd 
 of two confuls. 
 
 DE'CENCE, or DECENCY, S. [decence, Fr, 
 decentia. Lit.] a method of audrefs or adtion 
 proper and becoming a perfon's fex, charafter, 
 or rank. Figuratively, modefty* " Want of 
 decency is wait of feafe." Rofcom. 
 
 DECE'NNIAL, Adj. [decertnium, from de- 
 cern, Lat. ten, and anr.us, Lat. a year] continu- 
 ing the fpace often years, 
 
 DE'CENT, Adj [_decs)ii, Lat.j becoming ; 
 fit or fuitable J neut. 
 
 DE'CENTLY, Adv. in a proper manner ; 
 confident with charatler, rank, or the rules 
 of good-breeding. Figuratively, modeftly. 
 
 DECEPTIBI'LITV, S. [trom dece^tlo, 
 Lat.j liiblenefs to be led into an error or mif- 
 take ; liablenefs to be impofej on. 
 
 DECE'PTIBLE, Arj. liabletcbe deceived, 
 impofert on, or led into an error. 
 
 DECE'PTION, S. [d'.cepiio, Lat.j the act 
 or means of iropofing on a perfon, or lead- 
 ing him into an error ; the flate of a perfon 
 mpofed on, or in a miftake ; a cheat, fraud. 
 
 DECA'YER, S. that which caufes decay or fallacy, by which a perfon takes a thing to 
 DECE'ASE, S. [decejfus, Lat.] death; de- be what it is not. 
 
 patture from life. 
 
 To DECE'ASE, V. N. [dicejfum, fupine o' 
 lUceh, La!.] to die. 
 
 DECE^IT, S. [decepth, Lir.] a means by 
 vhich a thing is pafitd upon a perfon for 
 what it is not, as when talfhood is made to 
 pafs for truth. A fruud ; cheat; artifice; 
 ftratagem. 
 
 DECEl'TFUL, Adj. full of friu-l or arti- 
 fice; meaning different from what a perfon 
 e.-jprefTes ; not to be confided in. 
 
 DECEi'TFULLY, Adv. in a fraudulent 
 inlincere .Tianner. 
 
 DECEI'TEULNESS, S. the (quality o! 
 impofing oA a perfon to his hurt. 
 
 DECE'PTIOUS, Adj. apt to impofe upon ; 
 or lead a perfon into an error. 
 
 DECE'PTORY, Adj. containing the 
 means of impohng on the credulity of a per- 
 fon ; or of l-.'ading him into a mirtake. 
 
 To DECl'DE, V. A. [decido, Lit. diciJer, 
 Fr.] to put an end to, or terminate a dif- 
 piite, or event. 
 
 DECl'DER, S. the perfon who determines 
 a quarrel, or cau^e. 
 
 DECl'DUOUS, A ij. [dcciduus, Lat.j fall- 
 ng off. In Botany, foon withering; not laft- 
 ing the whole year. 
 
 DECI'DUOUSNESS S. aptntfs to fall. 
 
 in
 
 DEC 
 
 In Botany, the quality of fading or wilhering 
 every year. 
 
 DECI'MAL, Adj. [Jecimus, Lat, the 
 tenthj numbered, multiplied, or entreafing 
 by tens. Decimal arithmttic, is that which 
 computes by decimal tradtions ; a decimal 
 fraBion, is that whofe denominator is never 
 exprefTed, but is always undcrftood to have 
 as many cyphers as there arc decimals, 
 figures and unity, or i befides ; thus, 
 JLoooo crf 
 • ¥7>.T» '--'^• 
 
 To DE'C1MATE,V. A. [dec'matum, fupine 
 of declmo, Lat.] to tythe j to take the tenth. 
 
 DECIMA'TION, S. the rft of tything, 
 of taking the tenth, whether by lot or other- 
 wife ; a feleftion of every tenth foldier, by 
 lot, for punishment, in a general mutiny. 
 
 To DECIPHER, V. A. [dechffrer, Fr.j 
 to explain a thing written in cyphers. Figu 
 rativeiy, to delcribe, or give a chatadleriftical 
 repiefentatinn of a thing j to unfold j to un- 
 ravel. '' To decipher ^ perplexed afFair". 
 
 DECI'PHERER, S. one who explains any 
 thing written in cyphers. 
 
 DEC1'S10N,S. the determination of a dif- 
 pute, or difference ; the refult of an event. 
 
 DECI'SIVE. Adj. having the power of de- 
 termining a difference ; or fettling tue refult 
 , of an event that is uncertain. 
 
 DECISIVELY, Adv. in a conclufive man- 
 ner, fo as to put an end to a difpute, or to 
 determine the fjte of an undertaking. 
 
 pECI'SlVENESS. S. the power of deter 
 mining any difference, or fetlling any event. 
 DECI'SOPvY, Adj. able to determine or 
 put beyond difpufe. 
 
 To DECK,V. A. [decke,,, Eelg. and Teut.] 
 to cover by way of ornament:. " To deck with 
 clouds th' uncolour'd ficy." Par. Loji. To 
 adorn with drefs ; to embellifli, 
 
 DECK, S. [^decken, Dan. to cover] the 
 floor of a fliip. ' 
 
 DECKER, S. a drefler ; one who adorns ; 
 one who covers a table, or lays a clo;h. 
 
 To DE'CLAIM, V. A. [declaimer, Fr. d; 
 clatno, Lat, J to fpeak in a florid manner, like 
 an orator, or riietoririan ; to fpeak much a- 
 gainft a thing ; to run a thing down, ufed 
 With agaxtip. 
 
 DECLA'IMER, S. one who makes a florid 
 fpeech in order t^ fire the imagination, or 
 move the p-flitms ; an orator. 
 
 DECLAMA'TION, S. {dcclamauo, Lat.] 
 a florid or rhetorical difcourfe addreffed to 
 the paffions. Figuratively, an oftentatious 
 difplay of rhetoric or oratory. 
 
 DECLa'MATOR, S. [Lat.] one who 
 fpeaks againft a thing, perion, or opinion ; 
 an orator ; a. rhetorician. " This ger.eruus 
 dcclamator .'"' latler, No. 56. 
 
 DECLAMA'TORY, Adj. Ideclamahlre, 
 Fr. decitmatonus, Lat. J relating to the prailice 
 of declaiming ; treated in t!ie manner of a 
 rhetorician ; appealing to the paffions ; mere- 
 ly rhetoiical A.'U:ifii. 
 
 DEC 
 
 DECLA'RABLE, Adj'. that which may 
 be declared j capable of proof. *' This is 
 declarable from the beft writers." Bro'iun. 
 
 DECLARA'TION, S. [Fr.J the difco- 
 very of a thing by words ; explanation ; 
 affirmation. In Law, the (hewing forth or 
 laying out an aftion ptrfonal in any fuit ; 
 fometimes ufed both in perfonal and real 
 adlions. 
 
 DECLA'RATIVE, Adj. explaining j male- . 
 ing proclamation ; exprefs. 
 
 DECLA'RATORILY, Adv. In the fortn 
 of a declaration j in a decretory form j eic- 
 prefsly. 
 
 DECLA'RATORY, Adj. exprefilve; af- 
 firmative. 
 
 To DECLA'RE, V. A. [declaro, Lat.] de- 
 clarer, Fr.J to explain, or free from obfcurity. 
 " To declare this a little, we muft allume, 
 that, &c.^' Boyle. To make known ; to ma- 
 nifeft ; tc publifh, or proclaim } to efpoufe 
 any caufe or opinion openly. 
 
 DECLA'RER, S. one who makes any 
 thing known, 
 
 DECLE'NSION, S. [decllnaipn, Fr. decll- 
 natlo, Lat.] a gradual decay, or decreafe from 
 a greater degree of ftrcngih or power to 
 a lefs ; defcent ; declirtaiion or declivity. 
 " The declcnfion of the land from that place 
 to the fea." Burnet. In Grammar, the 
 variation or change of the laft fyllable of a 
 noun, "^hilft ;t continues to fignify the fame 
 thing. 
 
 DECLI'NAIJLE, Adj. having a variety of 
 endings, according to 'he different relations 
 it ftands for. '•' A declinable' noan, 
 
 DECLINA'TION, S. [dccllnatto, Lat.] 
 defcent ; a change from a more to a lefs per- 
 fcifl ftate ; decay ; the ad of bending down. 
 " A declination of the head." A variation 
 from a perpendicular, or right line 5 an ob- 
 lique diredion ; variation from a fixed point, 
 fuch as that of the needle from the north. 
 In Artronomy, the diftance of the fun or a 
 ftar from the equator, either north or foutb. 
 In Grammar, the inilexton, or declining a 
 noun through all its virions terminations. 
 Decliiiatlon of a plane, in Dialing, is an arch 
 of the hoiizon, comprehended either between 
 the plane and the prime vertical circle, if 
 counted from eaft to weft, or between the 
 meridian and plane, if reckoned from the 
 north or foutb. 
 
 DECLINA'TOR, or DECLINATORY, 
 S. an inftrument ufed in dialling, to determm* 
 the declination, leclination, and inclination 
 of planes, 
 
 To DE'CLINE, V. N. [drdlno, Lat. dt~ 
 diner, Fr.j to bend or lean downwards. Fi- 
 guratively, to go aftray j to fiiun or avoid to 
 do a thing ; to link ; to be innpaired ; to de- 
 cay. A<iti ely, to bend downwards ; to fhun ; 
 to elude the 'orce 01 an aii^umcnt ; to men- 
 tion all th- different tcrmiiustions of a decii- 
 ijable woid. 
 
 DF.CM'Nr,
 
 Dec 
 
 'DECLI'NE, S. decay, owing either to 
 t»r, timi", difeafe, or other caufes. 
 
 DECLi'ViTV, S. [declhus, Lat.] the gra- 
 dual (iefcent of a htU, or other eminence. 
 
 DECLl'VOUS, Adj. [deeli'vus, Lat.J gra- 
 duallV|,delcending, 
 
 To DECO'CT, V. A. [decorum, fupine of 
 deccqueo, Lat.] to prepare for ufe by boiling. 
 • Jn Pharmacy, to boil in water. To as to draw 
 Out the firength or virtue of t thing ; to boil 
 till it grows thick ; to Urengthen by boiling. 
 
 DECO'CTIELE, Adj. that which may be 
 boiled, or mav be prepared by boilinf;. 
 
 DECO'CTION, S. [decoHuin, Lat. J the aft 
 of boiling any thing to extrad its virtues. 
 Figuratively, the ftrained liquor of a plant, 
 or other ingredient, boiled in water. 
 
 DECOC'TURE, S. a preparation or fub- 
 fiance formed from boiling ingredients in wa- 
 iter. 
 
 DECOLLA'TION, S.<f«co//flf/u, Lat.J the 
 aft of beheading, 
 
 DECOMPO'SITE,Adj. [J«ow/io;7rKJ,Lat.] 
 compounded a fecond lime ; compounded ol" 
 a thing already compounded. 
 
 DECOMPOSI'TION, S. [See DECOM- 
 POSITE] ihe aft of compounding things ; 
 which were compounded before. 
 
 To DECOMPOUND, V. A. [deconpoKo, 
 Lat.] to compofc of things already compt,und- 
 ed to compound a fecond time j to form by a 
 fecond compofition. 
 
 DECOMPOU'MD, Adj. compofed of 
 words, thingF, or ideas already compounded ; 
 comoouiided a fecond lime. 
 
 ToDECO'RATE, V. A. [decoratum, fu- 
 pine of dec^o, Lat.] to fet off or adorn with 
 ornaments. 
 
 DECORA'TION, S. an ornament, or a 
 thing which, by being added, gives both 
 grace and^heanty to another. 
 
 DE'COP>.ATOR, S. one who adorns or 
 embellilhes. 
 
 DE'COROUS, Adj. [deaP-us, Lat.J fuit- 
 able, or agreeable to the charafter, dignity, 
 or perfeftions of a perfon ^r thing j becom- 
 
 ine. 
 
 ToDECO'RTICATE, V. A, [deccrtlca- 
 tum, fupine of deconico, Lat.] to diveft or 
 flrip off the Satk or hulk ; to peel. 
 
 DECORTICATION, S. the aft of ftrip- 
 pine a thing of its batk or hufk. 
 
 DECO'RUM, S. [Lat.J a behaviour pro- 
 per or fuitabie to the charafter and abilities 
 of a perfon, ccnfifting likewife of a due ob- 
 fervance of the eftablifhed rules of politenefs 
 and gracefulnefs. 
 
 To DLCO'y, V. A. [koey, Belg. a cage] 
 to lure or intice into acjge j to draw into a 
 a fnare. Figuratively, to feduce a perfon by 
 lurements. 
 
 DECO'V, S. a place adapted for drawing 
 ■wild fowl into fnare?. Figuratively, allure- 
 ment 3 tem^Mation j a fnare. A decoy-duck, 
 
 DEC 
 
 is one that is bred or trained to bring others 
 into a fnare. 
 
 To DECRE'ASE, V. N. [decrefco, Lat. de- 
 Ltoitre., Fr.J to become !efs either in length, 
 weight, force, or bulk 5 to diminifh. Aftive- 
 ly, fo make lei's. 
 
 DECRE'ASE, S. the fiate of growing lefs ; 
 decay. In Aftronomy, the wain 5 the change 
 made in the face of the moon from its full, 
 till it refurns to full again. 
 
 To DECRE'E, V. N. yecretum, Lat. de- 
 cree, Fr.J to eftjblifli by law ; to refolve. Ac- 
 tively, to afJign or difpofe of a thing by law. 
 
 DECRE'E, S, [da-nt, Tr.deaetum, Lat.] 
 a law 5 an eflablilTied rule. In Law, the de- 
 termination of a fuit. In Canon Lav/, an or- 
 dinance eftablil'hed by tlie peue, by and with. 
 the advice of ilie cardinals aflembled in coun- 
 cil, without application from anv peifon. 
 
 DECRE'MENT, S. [decremenlum, Lat.] 
 the ftate of becoming lefs 5 the quantity loft 
 by decay. 
 
 DECRE'PIT, Adj, [decrepltus, Lat.] waft- 
 ed, worn out, and enfeebled by age ; in the 
 laft flage of decay. 
 
 To 'DECRE'PITATE, V. A. [deo-epo, 
 Lat.] to calcine fjlts on the fire, till they 
 ceafe to crackle or make a noife. 
 
 DECREPITA'TION, S. the crackling 
 noife made by fait, when put over a fire in a 
 crucible. 
 
 DECRE'PITNESS, orDECRE'PITUDE, 
 S. the we.iknefs attending old age ; the laft 
 flags of dvcay. 
 
 DECRE'SCENT, Part, [dccrefctns, Lat.] 
 becoming lefs ; in a flate ol decay. 
 
 DECRE'TAL, Adj. \decretum, Lat. ap- 
 pertaining, belonging, or relating to a decree. 
 A decretal cpijlle, is that which the pope de- 
 crees either by himfelf, or by the advice of 
 cardinals, on his being confulted thereon by 
 fome particular perfon, 
 
 DECRE'TAL, S. a letter or reftrift of the 
 pope, by which fome point in the ecclefiafti- 
 cal law is folved or determined ; a book of de- 
 crees or laws. 
 
 DECRE'TIST, S. one who fludies orpro- 
 fefles the knowlc-dga of the decretals. 
 
 DECRE'TORY, Adj. judicial ; final; de- 
 cifive ; critical, or that \\mi in which fome 
 definitive event will happen. 
 
 DECRI'AL, S. f from decry, the endeavour- 
 ing to lelfen any thing in the efteem of.lhe 
 public; cenfure ; cndemnatlon. 
 
 To DE'CRV, V. A. [dejcner, Fr.] tocen- 
 fure, blame, x>r invei^'h againft a thing; to 
 endeavour to lefTen the efteem the public has 
 
 DECU'MBENCE, or DECUM'BENCY, 
 S. [duumleKS, particip. of decun:ho, Lat.] the 
 aft or poflure of lying down. " They lie not 
 down, and enjoy no decumbence at all." Brown. 
 
 DECUM'BITURE, S. the time at which 
 
 a psrlon takes to his bed in a difeafe. In 
 
 Aftrologyj
 
 D E F 
 
 DEED'LESS, Adj. unaftive j without do- 
 ing any thing. 
 
 To DEEM, V. N. [part, dumtd, formerly 
 dempt ; from deman, S.x, domgan Gcth. dte- 
 nian, Belg. (eg. dame, Id. J to judge j to tbiok ; 
 to determine on due conlideration. 
 
 DEEM'STER, S. [from dtent] a judge, 
 ftill u'ea in Gucrnfey and Jerfey. 
 
 DEEP, Aoj. [deop, deope, S?x. diip, Belg.] 
 ihat which has length meafured downwards 
 from its furface. Applied to ficuation, low j 
 below the furface, or me:>fured from the fur- 
 face dowawards. Figuratively, piercing far j 
 far from the entrance. Deep ambufti'd in 
 her filentden." D'^yd. Not to be difcover- 
 ed at firft: fight ; not obvious. " The fenfe 
 lies deep." Locke, Sagacious, penetrating, 
 profound, learned. " He's meditating with 
 two dtep divines." Shakfp. Artful, grave. 
 Dark, aoplieJ to colourj. Exceffive, ^'^ Deep 
 poverty." z Cor. viii. 2. Bafs, or grave, ap- 
 plied to founds. 
 
 DEEP, S. [dieple, Belg. a whirlpool] the 
 fea. Joined to night, the mofl advancid and 
 ftilleft part thereof j micoight. 
 
 To DEE/PEN, V. A. to fink far below the 
 lurfdce. Applied to colours, to darken j to 
 cloud ; to m^ke a /hade darker. To increafa 
 the dolefulners of a found. 
 
 DEE'PLY, Adv. to a great diftance below 
 the furface ; with great ftudy, application, 
 and penetration, oppoled ^ofuperfic'ially. Sor- 
 rowfully ; profoundly ; with a great degree 
 or forrow, melancholy, or fadnefs, when ufed 
 with words exprefiing grief. In a high de- 
 gree ; excelTively ; vaftJy. 
 
 DEEP-MOU'THED, Adj. having a hoarfa 
 loud vnice, or uttering a hollow, loud found, 
 .PEE'P.NESS, S. diftance or fpace meafured 
 To DE'DUCE, V. A. [deduco, Lat,] toifror^i tiic I'u-face downwards, 
 defctibe in a continual or connedted feries, fo| ;>£ER, S. [deer, S-x. d'r.^, Dan. d^r. If). 
 
 DEE 
 
 AArolofy, a fcheme of the heavers, by v/hich 
 the progftoftics of a perfon's recovery or death 
 ■were difcovered from the time of his firfl 
 taking to his bed. " If her eye but akes or 
 itches its decumbiture ftie takes." Dryd. 
 
 DE'CUPLE, Adj. [decuplus, Lat.] tenfold j 
 the fame number repeated ten times. 
 
 DECU'RION, S. [decurio, Lat.} an ofEcer 
 who had the command of ten perfons. 
 
 DECUR'SION, S. [decurjus, Lat.] the aft 
 of running or flowing down. 
 
 DECURTATION, S. the aft of cutting 
 fhort, or fhortening- 
 
 To DECU'SSATE. V. A. [decuffatum, fu- 
 pine of decujfo, Lat.] to interfeft, or crofs at 
 tight angles. 
 
 DECUSSA'TION, S. the aft of crofilng, 
 or the flate of being croffcd at right a.igles ; 
 the point in which two lines crofs each other. 
 
 ToDE'DICATE, V. A. [dedhatum, fu- 
 pine of dtdico, Lat.] to devots, appropriate, or 
 fct a thing alide for divine ui'es. Figur.itively', 
 to appropriate peculiarly to a defign or pur- 
 pofe ; to infer! he to a patron. 
 
 DE'DICATED, Part, or Adj. [didicaius, 
 Lat.] appropriated or devoted to a particular 
 ufe. 
 
 DEDICA'TION, S. the aft of confeerating 
 or appropriating fome place or thing loleiy Co 
 divine ufes ; the addrefs of an author to his 
 patron, and prefixed before his work, 
 
 DEDiC A'TOR, S. one who afcribes a work 
 to a patrcj. 
 
 DEDICATOR Y,Adj. compofing, belong- 
 ing to, or in the (tile of a dedication. 
 
 DEDl'TiON, S. [deditio, Lat ] the aft of 
 furrendering to an enemy. " It was not a 
 complete conquefl:, but rather a dedition" 
 Hale. f 
 
 that one thiijg fliall introduce another j to 
 fer by reafon from certain propofitions, which 
 are piemifed. 
 
 DEDU'CEMENT, S. that which is col- 
 lefted or inferred froin any premifes. 
 
 DEDU'CIBLE, Adj. to be inferred or dif- 
 covered from principles lud down. 
 
 DEDU'CIVE, Adj. performing the aft of 
 deduftion ; inferring or collefting from prin- 
 ciples or propofitions already hid down. 
 
 To DE'DUCT, V. A. {dtduaum, fupine of 
 deJuco, Lat. J to fubttaft, or ta.'ce away. 
 
 DEDU'CTION, S. a confequenoe or infe- 
 rence d.-awn by reafon from feme principles 
 laid down j that which is fubtrafted or taken 
 awav from any fum or number, &c. 
 
 DEDU'CTIVE, Adj. that which may Le 
 deduced or inferred from any propofuion laiii 
 down or premifed. 
 
 DEDU'CTIVELY, Adv. hy way of infe- 
 rence, or colleftint; one truth from another. 
 _ DEED, S. [dted. Sax. Ja^d Be!g.] an ac 
 tion, or tiling donej an exploit j writteii evi- 
 dence of any legal aft 5 faft 5 reality. 
 
 thier, Teut. S-s, Gr.] in Natural Hi'ftory, a 
 clafs of animals, the males of which have 
 their heads' adorned with branching horns, 
 and are k^at for hunting ; when killed, their 
 flefli is called veuifon, and their fpecies are- 
 various. 
 
 To DE'FACE, V, A. [defahe, Fr.] to de- 
 ftroy ; ruin ; to disfigure. 
 
 DEFA'CEMENT, S. the aft of disfigur- 
 ing. " The image of God is purity, and the 
 defacement, hr." Bac. 
 
 DEF.VCER, S. one who deftroy,^ or dif- 
 flgures any thing. 
 
 DEFAi'LANCE, S. {defaiUar.ce, Fr.] fal- 
 luie ; mifcarriage ; difappointment. " The 
 authors of that unhappy dcfaUance." Glanv,, 
 Not in ufe. 
 
 ToDEFA'LCATE, [defahuf, Fr. frooi 
 ftilx, falcls, Lat. a fickle] to cut, or lop oft" 5. 
 to take away or abridge part of i perfon's 
 penfion or fahuy. Moil commonly applied to 
 money affairs, 
 
 DEf Al.CA'TION.^S. diminutio.i ,il^^ridg- 
 a\(un uf 4riv culloma.iy allowance.
 
 D E F 
 
 To Dl'FALK, V. A. [from Jt/akate] to 
 lop or cut oft'; to abridge. 
 
 DEFAMATION, S. the uttering of re- 
 proachful fpeeches, or reproachful language 
 of any one, wi'.h an intent to leflen his cha- 
 rafter, and deftroy his reputation. 
 
 DEFAMA'TORY, Adj. tending to leffen 
 the charaifter, or ruin the reputation of another. 
 
 To DETAME, V. A. [from de and famu, 
 Lat. fame or rep-utation] to uttex words againft 
 a perfon or thing, with an intent to leHen his 
 reputation, or render it infamous. 
 
 DEFA'MER, S. one who aflerts things 
 injurious to \hs reputation of another, with 
 an intention to render liim infamous. 
 
 DSFAU'LT, S. [de/Mut, Fr.] omiffion of 
 what ought to be done ; neglefl j fault. 
 
 To DEFAU'LT, V. A. to fail ; or not 
 perform fomething promifed or contradled ; 
 to forfeit by breaking a contraft. 
 
 DEFE'ASANCE, S. [defaljance, Fr.] the 
 aft of annuUing or rendering a contraft void. 
 
 DEFE'ASIBLE, Adv. [from defatre, Fr.J 
 that which maybe annulled, abrogated, let 
 alide, or made void. 
 
 DEFE'AT, S. [from defaire, Fr.] the over- 
 throw of an army j an aft of deitruftion ; 
 deprivation- 
 
 To DEFE'AT, V, A. [from the noun] to 
 beat or overthrow an army. Figuratively, to 
 fruftrate ; to difapooint. 
 
 DEFE'ATURE', S. [from de and fiature] 
 the aft of disfiguring or fpoiling the features 
 of a perfon. '* Time's deformed hand hath 
 written ftrange defeature on my face." Shak, 
 
 To DETECATE, V. A. \d:facatum, fu- 
 pine of defacG, Lat.] to purge or clear liquors 
 from dregs or foulnelTe:. Figuratively to clear 
 truth from any thing which rendcisic obfcure, 
 to purify from any grofs mixture, to brigh- 
 ten. 
 
 DE'FECATE,Adj. [ J^/krarw, Lat.] clear- 
 ed, or puiified from lees or fotilnefles. 
 
 DEFECA'TION, S. the aft of clearing or 
 purifying from lees or foulnefs. 
 
 DETECT, Sr[dcfeaus, Lat.] the abfence 
 of fomething which a thing ought to havs; 
 failing ; want ; a miftake or error, applied to 
 the underftanding. A fault, applied to moral 
 conduft. 
 
 To DEFE'CT, V- N. [de/ec/urr, fupine of 
 itfu'io, Lat.] to be deficient. 
 
 DEFECTIBI'LITY, S. a (bte of failing; 
 deficiency; imperfeftion. " Tht deftn'ibUity 
 ©f the conneftion." Hah. 
 
 DEFEC'TIELE, Adj. imperfeft ; deficient ; 
 wanting in fomething which a thing ought to 
 have. 
 
 DEFE'CTION, S. {deftEi'w, Lat.] failure ; 
 apoffacy ; rebellion, or abandoning one's duty 
 to a icing or date. > , 
 
 DEFECTIVE, Adj. [dtfiB\vui, Lat.] not 
 having all the ijujii;i-s or pov/ers vvhich are 
 requifite ;, faulty ; biameable. Dtfeffi've nouns 
 •t -Jerks, in Grammar, are fuch as hitve r.«( 
 
 D E F 
 
 fome cafes, numbers, perfons, tenfes, or 
 moods. 
 
 DEFECTIVENESS, S. wanting fomething 
 which a perfon or thing ought to have } a 
 rtate of imperfeftion. 
 
 DEFE'NCE, S. [defenfe, Fr. defenfio, Lat.] 
 the method ufed to iecure a perfon againft the 
 attack of an enemy ; guard ; proteftion ; fe- 
 curity } refiftance; vindication; juftificaiion; 
 or the reply made by a perfon, in order to 
 clear himfelf from a crime laid to his charge. 
 
 DEFE'NCELESS, Adj. deftitute of the 
 means of repulfing ; unable to refift. 
 
 To DEFE'ND, V. A. [dcfendo, Lat. de- 
 fcndre, Fr.J to proteft ; to fupport ; to 
 Iecure ; to forbid. " His tafte of that aV- 
 fended fruit." Par, Loji. To vindicate or 
 juftify. 
 
 E)!LFE'NDABLE, Adj. that which may 
 be maintained or fecured againft the attacks 
 of an enemy j that which may be vindicated 
 or iiiftified. 
 
 DEFE'NDANT, S. he that endeavours to 
 beat ofi' an enemy, or to hinder a place from 
 falling into his hands. In Law, the perfon 
 who is profecuted or fued. 
 
 DEFE'NDER, S. one who protefts a place 
 or perfon againft an enemy ; one who endea- 
 vours to anfwer the objedtions raifed againft 
 any truth or doftrine. 
 
 DEFENSA'TIVE, S. that which is made 
 ufe of to fecure a perfon or place againft the 
 attack of an enemy; defence; guard. In 
 Surgery, a bandage or plafter to fecure a wouijf' 
 from outward violence. 
 
 DEFEN'SIBLE. Adj. capable of refifting 
 an enemy ; vindicating from any crime or af- 
 perfion. 
 
 DEFE'NSIVE, Adj. [defenff, Fr.] only 
 proper for defence. 
 
 DEFE'N.SIVELV, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to gu.ird againft the defigns or attacks of 
 an enemy. 
 
 To DE'FF.R, V. N. [deferro, Lat.] to put 
 off to another time ; to delay. 
 
 DE'FF.R KNCE, S. [Fr.] regard or refpeft 
 paid to rank, age, or fuperior talents j com- 
 plailjpce ; iubmilfion. 
 
 DEF!'.\NC£, -S. [defiance, Fr.] a chal- 
 lenge or call upon a perlon to make good an 
 acculation ; a contemptuous difregard. 
 
 DEFI'CltNCE, or DEFICIENCY, S, 
 [dcjlc'io, Lat. J the wane of fomething which 
 a perfon or thing Ihould have j an imperfec- 
 tion ; failure ; or defeft. 
 
 DEFI'CIENT, A(ii. [defaens, Lat.] im- 
 perfeft. Dijicieiit -veibs or nouns. See DE- 
 FECTIVE. Defcieni numhers, in Arithme- 
 tic, are thofe whofe aliquot parts, being add- 
 ed together, maice lefs than the integer or 
 number iti'elf, thus i, z, 4, which arc parts 
 of 8, make only 7. 
 
 DE'FIER, S. a challenger ; a contemner; 
 one who dares a perfon to make good a 
 charge. 
 
 T«
 
 D E F 
 
 To DEFI'LE, V. A. {afylan, Sax.] to 
 render a thing foul, unclean, or impure j to 
 pollute ; to be guilty of any fin againft the 
 purity of the mairiage bed, or the chaftity of 
 a virgin ; to commiC any crime that fhall ful- 
 ly our charafter. 
 
 To DEFI'LE, V. N, [dtffi'.er, Fr.] to march 
 «r feparate in files, aoolied to an army. 
 
 DEFI'LE, S. [diffile. Fr.] a narrow pafs 
 where few men can m.'rch abreaft. 
 
 DEFI'LEiMENT, S. ih^t which renders a 
 thing foul or nafty 5 that which pollutes or 
 corrupts the virtue of a perfon. 
 
 DEFI'LER, S. one who pollutes the chaftity 
 of a perfon ; one who a£\s inconfiflent with 
 the puricv or facrerfnefs ot a perfon or thing. 
 
 DEFI'NABLE, Adj. [from define] that 
 which may be defined j that which may be 
 afceriained. 
 
 To DEF'IME, V. A. [definer, Fr. defimo, 
 Lat.J to explain a thin^ or word by the enu- 
 meration of its properties or qualities, fo a', to 
 diftinguifli it from every thing of the fame 
 kind. 
 
 DEFI'NER, S. a perfon who explains the 
 nature of a thing or wor,-! by enumerating all ! 
 its properties, fo as to difiinguifti it from all 
 sthers of the fame kind. 
 
 .DEFINITION, S. [Fr. d-fimth, Lat.] an 
 enumeration of all the fimple ideas of which 
 a complex worl or idea confills, in order to 
 diftinguifti, afcertain, or explain its nature. 
 A nominal definition, is that which explains the 
 fenfe orfignification of a word, A real defini- 
 tion, is an enumeration of the principal attri- 
 butes, of a thing, in order to exphin its na- 
 ture. In Rhetoric, a ihort explanation of a 
 thing. 
 
 DEFINITIVE, Adj. [def.nitivui, Lat.] ex- 
 prels ; pofitive j decifivs j free from ambi- 
 guity, doubt, or uncertainty. 
 
 DEFl'NrnVELY, Adv. in a pofnive, ex- 
 prefs, or decifive manner. 
 
 DEFI'NITIVENESS, S. decifivenefs; or 
 a ftnte free from amhi^viity or doubt. 
 
 DEFLAGR ABILITY, S. [from defiafrro, 
 Lat.J the quality of caking fire and burning 
 entirely away. 
 
 DEFLAGRATION, S \deflagyatw,\.i\..'\ 
 ' lu Chemiftry, the a<ft of fetiing fir:toa thing, 
 which will burn till it is entirely conlumsd. 
 
 To DEFLE'Cr, V. N. [d^fteci^, Lat.J to 
 turn afiJe from its true ^lirefiion ; 10 bend. 
 
 DEFLE'CTION, S. \ tto ^-i defl^.'JIo, Lat,] 
 the adl of deviating or turning afide from its 
 proper courfe, point, or direflion. 
 
 DEFLE'XURE, S. [from defi.nio, Lat.] 
 a bending downwards ; the adt or ttate of a 
 thing turned alide. 
 
 DEFLORATION, S. [Ft. d,f,^ya(us,L^t.] 
 the aft of deflourins, or violating trie chaftity 
 of a virgin. Figuratively, a lelst^it«ii of the 
 flowers or moft valuable partt of a thing or 
 colle'Tiion. 
 
 D E G 
 
 violates a virgin by afts of immoitRj. F'gti- 
 ratively, take away the btau'y cr grace ot * 
 thing. 
 
 DEFLOU'RER, S. a ravi/her; or one wha 
 violates the chai'tity of a virgin. 
 
 DEFLU'XION, S. [dfiuxi:}, Lat.] frota 
 defiuo, Lat.] the aft of flowing down. 
 
 DEFOE'DATION, S. [df/tad;::, Lat.] the 
 aft of renderinj foul or filthy, 
 
 DEFORCH/MENT,[from de and fons] 
 in Law, the aft of with-holding land or tene- 
 ments fiom the right owner. 
 
 To DEFO'RM, V. A. [deformo, Lat.] to 
 disfigure, or fpoil the beauty or iliape of any 
 ihins ; to make difsgreeible to the fight, 
 
 DEFORMATION, .S. [dcfomano, Lat.] 
 the aft of fpoiling the fhapc or beauty of a 
 thins, or making it difagreeabte to the Ciph.i. 
 
 DEYO'RM-ED, A<ij..[defor»:is, Lat.] void 
 of fymmetry of pjrts, fl^rijgh^nels of ilupe, 
 or pleafingnefs of appearance ; disfigured ^ 
 crooktd. 
 
 DEFO'RMEDLY, Adv. in an ugly man- 
 ner. 
 
 DEFO'RMITY, S. [def,rmi:ps, Lat.] the 
 appeara.ice of a thing which has loft its 
 beauty, gracefulnefs, or regularity. Fitnirs- 
 tlvely, deviation from the ftandarJ of moral 
 perfeftion and obedience. 
 
 DEFO'RSER, S. [fo-ca,r, Fr.] in Law, 
 one that overcomes or drives out by fcrcp. 
 
 To DEFR.AUD, V. A. [defraudo, Lat.] 
 to deprive a perfon of his property by fame 
 fal'e appearance, fraud, ©r trick. 
 • DEFRAU'DER, S. a perfon who deprives 
 another of what belonas "to him, by fome 
 trick, or falfe appearance. 
 
 ToDEFRA'Y, V. A. [defrayer, Fr.] to 
 pay or dilcharge exppnces. 
 
 DEFT, Adj. [dJft, Sax ] nsat ; handfjme ; 
 fprbce; proper. " That's the rf^-yvf/i v/ay." 
 Shak. Dextrous. " So dift at his n'.w nn- 
 niftry." Diyd. Sprightly ^ ni-nble ; aftive. 
 " My cur. Tray, pl.iys dcfnfl feit.-;." Gay. 
 
 DE'FTLY, Adv. in a neat or ficilful man- 
 ner. '• Deftly tune the reed." Gav. 
 
 DEFU'NCT, Adj. [dtfunaus, Lat.] dead j 
 expired, 
 
 DEFU'NCT, S. one who is dead. 
 
 To DE'FY.V. A. \defiir, Fr.J to challeng; 
 to fiftht ; to treat with coniemot. 
 
 DEGE'NERACY, S. [deyr.c'atio, Lat.J 
 the afting unwo'thy of one's anccftors. Figu- 
 ratively, the leaving of a moral conduft for 
 an immoral one ; meamels, whcre'jy 4 ptr'.jn 
 lofes all fenfe of the d'j'nity of his n.iturc. 
 
 ToDEGENERATE, V. N. [deginerMwn, 
 lupine of degenero, Lat. dercrcyer, Fr.] to fall 
 'rom the reputation or virtues of one's ar\- 
 cefttTS J to finlc from a noLli to a bafe ftate, 
 Fo prow wild or bjfc, app! eJ to veeetible*. 
 
 DEGENE'RA 1 E,\dj. [de^er.er, Lit] un- 
 like one's anccilors in vir:u";s ; unworthv 5 
 orrupteJ ; h/ vine loft its vilue, or tlie diilin- 
 
 To DEFLOU'R, V, A. [Jtfiortr, Fr.J to guifhjng properties of its fr'Ctics 
 
 DEGfi-
 
 DE J 
 
 DEL 
 
 DBGPNERATENESS, S, corruption, jj^if/jB of appetite." Arbuih. In Phyfic, a 
 
 whereby a perfon has loft the dignity or vir 
 tues of his anccftors, or a thing its excellen- 
 cies j depravity. 
 
 DEGENERA'TION, S. a "deviation from 
 the virtues of one's anccftors ; a finking fiom 
 a ftate of excellence to one of lefs warth ; 
 changing or lofine the properties of its kind. 
 
 To DEGLU'TINATE, V. A. \dagher, 
 pr.] to ungliie, to fotien, 
 
 DEGLU'TIMATION, S. the afl of un 
 gluing or foftening. 
 
 DEGLUTI'TION, S. [deglutjo, Lat.J the 
 aft or power cf fwallowing. 
 
 DEGRADA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 depriving a man of any office, employ, or dig- 
 nity. Figuratively, depravation, or a change 
 from a more perfect and honourable to a low 
 and mean flate. In Painting,- the lefl'ening 
 and confufing of the figures in a piaurc or 
 
 difcliatgeof the excrements. 
 
 DEIFjCA'TION, S. the aft of afcribing 
 divine honours to a perfon j and wprfhipping 
 hinr. as a go.). 
 
 DEl'FpRM, Adj. [from ieut, Lat. a 
 god, ?inif(jrtna, liat. a fliape] of a god-like 
 form. 
 
 To DEl'FY, V. A. [deljier, Fr.] to make 
 a gnd ; to adore as a god ; to r^nk among the 
 deities. Figuratively, to praife too much ; to 
 extol a perfon unbecoming a mortal. 
 
 To DEIGN, V. N. f pronou;ired da'tn, from 
 dai^ncr, Fr. of digncr, Lat.] to condefcend j 
 to vouch fafe. Adtively, to grant a fa.vpuv ; 
 to permit. " We deign him burial of his 
 men." bhak. 
 
 DEI'GNiNG, S. a condefcenfion ; permlf- 
 fion ; granting a favour. 
 
 DE'ISM, S, \dajme, Fr.] the doftrine or 
 
 landfkip, as they would appear to the eye at al opinion of thofe, vsrho own the belief of a 
 
 fuppofed diftanc.-. 
 
 To DEGRA'iDE, V. A. [degradcr, Ti.j to 
 deprive a perfon of any ofTicc, or dignity ; t» 
 leflTen the value of a,thing. 
 
 DEGREE', S. [d'-g'^'!, Fr. from gradus ; 
 Lat. quality, rank, condition, or dignity, 
 flate or condition of a thing, wjiich may be 
 either heightened or lowered, incieafed or di- 
 minifhed J meafure ; proportion; or quantity. 
 In Geometry, the 360th part of the circum- 
 ference of a circle. In Chtmiftry, a greater 
 or lefs intcnfenelV nf heat. In Canon Law, 
 an interval in kinfhip, from whence nearnefs 
 or remotecefs cf blood are computed. In 
 T.lufic, the little in'erva'.s which compofethe 
 concords. The different orders or clafTcs of 
 the angelic bodies. In the Univerfity, a dig- 
 nity or title conferred on perfcns who are oJ a 
 certain ftanding, and have performed the cx- 
 ercifes required by the ftatues, which entitles 
 ;hern to c'fitain privileges, prece^knce, &c. 
 By DEGi^EE S,<. Adv. grarfually. 
 To DEHO'RT, v. A. [d.hoior, Lat.] to 
 diiluade, "o advife to the contrary. 
 
 DEHORTA'llON, S. a dilfuafion ; argu- 
 ment ufcd to keep a perfon from alVenting to 
 any doiSrine, or frosn crmrr.itting any aftion. 
 DEI'CIDE.'S. [from da;s, Lat. God, and 
 cado, Lat. to flay] the crime of murdering a 
 deity or god, applied only to the death ol our 
 bleflcd S..viour. 
 
 ToDE'JECT, V. A. [d.-jcFfum, fupine ot 
 eeikio, Lat.j to cift down, or render lorrow- 
 ful, or mtlancholv. 
 
 DEJE'CTED, Fart, or Adj. [dcjeBui, Lat.j 
 caft down ; afflided with iome difappoint- 
 ment 5 mournful 5 mebr.choly. 
 
 DEJE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a dull, forrow- 
 firl, or mournful manner. , 
 
 DEJE'CTEDNESS, S. theftate of a perfon 
 who grieves and is cift down, on account ot 
 fome great lofs or airiippi>!ntmeiir. 
 
 DEJECTION, S. a lownefs of fpirlts, 
 a.'Hidllon j lo!», or an impaired liatc. ■ ' Df- 
 
 God, hut deny l^ij having ever given, or the 
 probability of his ever giving, a re. elation. 
 
 DE'IST, S. [deijh, Fr.j a perfon who be- 
 lieves the exiftence of God, but denies all re- 
 velation in general. 
 
 DEl'STICAL, Adj. belonging to the opi- 
 nion ot one who denies all revealed religion. 
 
 _ DEI'TY, S. [dJiu', Fr. from d/uai, Lat.] 
 divinity J the nature and efTence of God ; aii 
 idol or fuppofed divinity ; an heathen god. 
 
 DELAP'SED, P.rt. [diLpfui, part.^of </;. 
 labcr, Lat.j in Phylic, bearing or falling 
 down, applied to the womb. 
 
 DELA'TION, S. the aft of carrying, or 
 conveying. " The dWon'sn of founds." Bjc. 
 An accuUtion, charge, inapeachment, or in- 
 formation, 
 
 DELA'TOR, S. [Lat.] an accufer, or in- 
 former. " iVIen have proved their own dc' 
 iators.'"'' Government cf tbt Torguc, 
 
 To DELAY', V. A. \delaya-, Fr.] to de- 
 fer or put off the cooing of a thing till ano- 
 ther time j to keep another long in fafpence 
 or expedfation, Neuterly, to flop ; to ceafe 
 from action. 
 
 DELAYS, S. the aft of deferring or putting 
 off the f exformance of an aft to foirre other 
 time. Figuratively, a ftay ; a ftop. 
 
 DELAY'ER, S. one who defers the doing 
 a thing ; a putter off. 
 
 DELECTABLE, Adj. [delef?abilis, Lat.J 
 afl'ordine pleafurc or delight to the fcnfes. 
 DELE'CTABLENESS, S. pleaf.intnefs. 
 DELECTA'BLY, Adv. in futh a manner 
 as to afford plealure. 
 
 DELE'GATE, V. A. [delegatum, fupine of 
 dilego, Lat.j to fend away ; to intrulf ; to com- 
 municate authority. In Law, to appoint - 
 judges to determine a paiti^uLr caufe. 
 
 DELE'GA.TE, S. [dde^Mus, L?t.] any 
 perfon authorized to aft for another, in Law, 
 applied to per/ons appointed by the king's 
 commifiitn to fit on an appeal to him in the 
 ' court of Qhajiswy. fhc court of Delegates,
 
 DEL 
 
 IS that wherein all caufes of appeal from either 
 of the archbifhops are decided. 
 
 DELE'GATE, AJj. [delegatus, Lat.'\ de- 
 puted or authorized to judge or tranfaft bufi- 
 nefs for another. 
 
 DELE'GATION, S. [Jelegath, Lat.] the 
 aft of appointing ; the afTignment of a debt to 
 another. In Law, commiirnn given a judge 
 to determine focne caufe, which would not 
 Otherwife come before him. 
 
 DELETE'RIOUS, Adj. [deletenus, Lat. 
 S'ljXsfc), Gr.J noxious j deadly ; fatal ; applied, 
 by naturalifts, to fuch things as are of a per- 
 nicious nature. 
 
 DEPLETORY, Adj. Idekterlus, Lit.] de- 
 ftruftive; deadly; poifonous. 
 
 DELFT, orDELPH, S. [del/an, Sax. to 
 dig J a mine ; a quarry ; or large cavity formed 
 by digging. " The dc/j's would be overflown." 
 Ray, A delfofcoal, is that which lies in veins 
 uider ground. In heraldry, one of the abate 
 ments in "honour, being a fquare in the middle 
 «f an efcutcheon, likcwife named a delf-tcrif 
 and is ufed to denote cowardice. Gljzed 
 earthen ware, imir^ting china, fo called from 
 being made at Delftland. 
 
 ToDELI'BERATE, V, N. {deliheratum, 
 fupine of del/hero, Lat.] to weigh in the mind; 
 to ponder upon. Figuratively, to hefitate. 
 
 DELFBERATE, Adj. [deliberatus, Lat.] 
 circumlpecl 5 difcrect; wary ; confidering the 
 nitureof a thing before' the making a choice. 
 Figuratively, flow ;- tedious. 
 
 DELIBERATELY, Adv. in a circum- 
 fpeft, wary, or difcreeC manner j with due 
 confiderati;-n. 
 
 DEl.I'BERATENESS, S. circumfpeftionj 
 coolnefs ; caution. 
 
 DELIBERA'TIOM, S. [dellbeiailo, Lat.] 
 the aft of confidering things before an under- 
 taking or making choice. 
 
 DELIBERATIVE, Adj. [delibcratl'vus, 
 Lat. J relating to confideration, or premedita- 
 tion ; with thought or caution. 
 
 DE'LICACY, S. {delicateje, Fr. of deli- 
 citx, Lat.] daintinefs ; or taftc /hewn in eat- 
 ing ; any thingvwnich affefts the fenfes with 
 great pJeafure ; elegant foftnefs of form ; 
 nicety, or minute accuracy. Genteel neat- 
 nefs, applied to drefs. Politenefs of beha- 
 viour; indulgence, which produces weak- 
 nefs ; tendernefs ; weaknefs of conftitution ; 
 a difpofition which is fhocked with any 
 excefs. 
 
 DE'LICATE, Adj. {deUcat, Fr.] fine, or 
 confifl:ing of minute parts ; beautiful or pleaf- 
 jng to the eye ; nice or pleafant to the 
 tafte j dainty, or nice in the choice of food ; 
 choice; feleft; polite; or rigoroufly obfer- 
 vant of the maxims of good breedinf; ; foft, 
 efleminate, or unable to bear hardfhips ; pure ; 
 free from foulnel's ; clear. ♦' The air is de- 
 luater Skak. 
 
 DL'LICaTELY, Adv. in a beautiful 
 Planner. " Fine by defeft, and ddkatelj 
 
 DEL 
 
 weak." Pope. Finely, oppofed to coarfely. 
 Daintily ; liixurioufly, " Eat not de'iiatsly or 
 nicely." Taylor^ Choicely j politely ; effe- 
 minately. 
 
 DELI'CATENESS, S. foftnefs ; effemi- 
 nacy ; too great an effeftation of elegance. 
 
 DE'LICATES, S. niceties, rarities, applied 
 to food. 
 
 DELI/CIOUS, Adj. [.Wywv, Fr.] giving 
 exquifite pleafure to the fenfes, or to the 
 mind. 
 
 DELPCIOUSLY, Adv. in an el?gant or 
 luxurious manner, applied to food or drefs ; 
 in luch a manner as to convey a rapturous 
 pleafure. 
 
 DE'LICIOUSNESS, S. the quality of af- 
 fording exquifite pleafure to the fenfes, or t» 
 the mind. 
 
 DELIGA'TION, S, {ddtgatw, Lat.] the 
 confining the parts of a thing together by 
 binding, 
 
 DELI'GHT, S, {ddehe. Span, ddice, Fr. 
 deleBor, Lat.] that which affords an agreeable 
 pleafure or fatisfaftion to the mind or the 
 fenfes. 
 
 To DELIG'HT, V. A. \dekaor, Lat. di- 
 knare, Ital.] to take pleafure in the frequent 
 repetition or enjoyment of a thing \ to fa- 
 tisfy. Neuterly, to be pleafed, fatisfied or 
 contented. 
 
 DELI'GHTFUL, Adj. that which affords 
 great pleafure to the fenfes or mind. 
 
 DELIGHTFULLY, Adv. in luch a man- 
 ner as to charm or afford pleafure, fatisfac- 
 tion, and content. 
 
 DELIGHTFULNESS; S. pleafure, fatif- 
 faftion, gratification, arifing from the fre- 
 quent repeticion, fight, or enjoyment of a 
 thing ; the quality of communicating plea- 
 fure either to the fenfes or mind. 
 
 DELIGHTSOME, Adj. affording great 
 pleafure. 
 
 DELFGHTS0ME;.Y, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to afford great pleafure. 
 
 DELI'GTHSOMENESS, S. the quality 
 of affefting with great pleafure. 
 
 To DELI'NEATE, V. A. {deVineo, Lat.] 
 to draw the firft /ketch ; to defign ; to ))a!nc 
 a refemblance. Figuratively, to defcribe in a 
 lively and accurate manner. 
 
 DELINEA'TION, S. the firfl draught of 
 a thing. Figuratively, a defcriprinn. 
 
 DELI'NQUENGY, S. {delin^uenua, Lat.] 
 a failure ; or the omiluon of a duty ; a thing 
 done wilfully ag.iinft any known law. 
 
 DELINQUENT, .S. \dehnqium, Lat.] one 
 who has committed feme crime or fault ; an 
 offender. 
 
 To DELI'QUATE, V. N. [^f%aw. Lit,] 
 to melt ; to be dilTolved. 
 
 DELIQUA'TION, S. {dellquath, Lat.] the 
 aft of melting or diffolving j a folulian, or 
 the fl:ate of a thing melted. 
 
 DELl'QUIUM, S. [Lat.] in Chemiftry, 
 
 the aft of diftilling by means of fite ; but 
 
 ^ ir.ore
 
 DT L 
 
 more properly the diffoiving or mehing a fait 
 or calx, by (ufpending it in a moift place. 
 
 DELI'RIOUS, Acj. [dfliriu!, Lat.] light- 
 ly caJed } raving from the violence of lome 
 difordcr. Figuratively, dealing. 
 
 DELI'RIUM, S.' (Lat.J in Phyfic, akind 
 of phrenfy, or niadntfs, caufed grnerally in 
 fevers, by too impeiuous a nioiion ot the 
 blood, lo far altering the fecretion of the 
 brain, as to diforder the whole nervous 
 fyftem. 
 
 To DELI'VER, V, A. [deliverer, Fr.] to 
 give a petfon a thing which was given for 
 that purpofe by another. Joined with into, 
 to furrender or give up. joined to fioi/i, to 
 free fiom any danger or calamity. To pro- 
 iiounce, to relate, applied to difcouifeor read- 
 ing. To bring into the world, ufed with of. 
 Adively, to furrender, to put into a perfon's 
 hands, or leave to his difcretion. To ddh-er 
 d:ivn, or ever, to tianfmit or convey any 
 iranfaftion by means of writing. To dd'tvcr 
 up, to furrender, to give up, or expofe. 
 
 DELI'VERANCE, S. {deli-vrance, Fr.] 
 the a£t of giving or fiirrendering a thing to 
 another ; the aft of freeing a perfon from 
 ciDtivity, impiifonment, danger or dilbefs ; 
 the aft or manner of pronoiincing or fpeak- 
 ing J the aft of bringing childien into the 
 world. 
 
 DELIVE'RER, S. one who gives a thing 
 ii\to the hands of another, or conveys it to 
 the place oroered j one who frees another 
 from danger, diftrefs, captivity or imprifon- 
 naent ; ene who pronounces a fct fpecch, or 
 relates a thing. 
 
 DELI'VER Y, S. the aft of giving or fur. 
 rendering a thing to another; a releale from 
 dar.ger, bondage, imprifonment, or diftrefs ; 
 pronounciatio^, or manner of fpeaking j the 
 bringing a fectus cr child from the womb. 
 
 DELPH, S. [from Delft, the capital of 
 Delft-land] a phzed fort ot earthen wjre. 
 
 DEL'TOinfe, S. [from JhXtb, Gr. the 
 rame of the fourth letter of the Greek al- 
 phabet, and 51?©-, Gr. ftiape, fo called from 
 JLS refembling that letter] in Anatomy, ap- 
 plied to the triangular mufcle of the flioulder. 
 which refembles the Greek capital A. 
 
 DELU'DABLE, Adj. liable to be deceived, 
 impofed on, or drawn afide. 
 
 To DELU/DE, V. A. \dtludo, Lat.] to 
 beguile i to deceive or fedute by falfe preten- 
 ces. Figuratively, to difappoinr. 
 
 DELU'DER, S. one who deceives, impofes 
 OP, beguiles, or feduccs another by falfe ap- 
 pearances or prelenits. 
 
 To DELVE, N. A. [del-ven, Belg. See 
 DtLl ] to dig, or open the ground with a 
 fp d-. Fit;iiratlvety, to found one's opinion ; 
 to fathom ; to ^et the bouom of an jiTair. 
 *' ] cannot dtli/e him to the root." Shak, 
 
 DEL'VER, S. a digger, or one who opens 
 tilt t;iound with a fpade, or pick-ax, &■<:, 
 DEL'UGE, S. [Tr. from d'liui-'tum, Lat ] 
 
 DEM 
 
 in Natural Hiftory, a flood or inunda'ion of 
 water covering the earth, either in the whole 
 or in part. Figuratively, the overflowing of a 
 river beyond its natural bounds ; any fudden 
 ai«i irrefiftible calamity ; any corruption, or 
 depravation, which fpreads far and quickly. 
 
 To DE'LUGE, V. A. to drown, or lay en- 
 tirely under water ; to overflow with water. 
 Figuratively, to overwhelm with any great 
 and encreafing calamity. 
 
 DELU'SION, S. [delufio, Lat.] the aft of 
 impofing on a perfon by fome falfe appear- 
 ance. Figuratively, a falfe appearance, or 
 iilufion, which leads a perfon into an error or 
 miftakc. 
 
 DELU'SIVE, Adj. [delujus, Lit.] capable 
 of deceiving or impofmg upon. 
 
 DE'LUSORY, Adj. [from delujui, Lat.] 
 apt to deceive. 
 
 DE'MAGOGUE, S. from Je.vc©', the peo- 
 ple, and a.yu, Gr. to lead] the ringleader or 
 head of a laftion, or tumult of the commoa 
 people. 
 
 DEMA'IN, DEME'AN, or DEME'SNE, 
 S. [(/trwdin, Fr.] in Law, that land which a 
 man holds originally of himfelf, oppofed to 
 fee, or that which is held of a fuperior lord. 
 
 DEMA'ND, S. [demande, Fr. demandare, 
 Ital.] the a/king of a thing with authority ; 
 claim ; enquiry after, in order to buy. In 
 Law, the afking of what is due. 
 
 To DEMA'ND, V. A. [dtmander, Ft.] to 
 claim 5 to alk for with authority ; to a/k or 
 queftion. In Law, to profecute in a real 
 aftion. 
 
 DEMA'NDABLE, Adj. that which may 
 be claimed as a due, or aiked for with autho- 
 rity. 
 
 DEMA'NDANT, S. in Law, the plantifF 
 in a real afti(yi. 
 
 D£ M A'NDER, S, one who claims a thing ; 
 one whoa/ks with authority ; one th«t afks 
 for a thing in order lo purchafe it ; one who 
 afJts for a debt. 
 
 To DEME'AN, V. [dtmeaner, Fr. Jitnenrre, 
 Ital.] to behave. Figuratively, to lelTen, de- 
 bale, or uiidervdlue ; to do any thing below 
 one's charjfter or rank. 
 
 DEME'ANOUR, S, [demener, Fr.] beha- 
 viour; carriage ; the manner of afting, 
 
 DEMENT A'TION, S. madnefs, or lofing 
 one's reafon. 
 
 To DEME'RGE, V. A. [deinergero, Lat.] 
 to plunge, fink down, or diown. 
 . DEME'RiT, S. [devieritejYt.} the want 
 of merit J behaviour dcfcrving blame or pu- 
 nifliment. 
 
 To DEME'RIT, V. A. [demerutr, Fr.] 
 to aft contrary to one's duty, and thereby de- 
 lerve both bhmc and difgrace. 
 
 DEME'RSION, S. [demerfc, Lat.] the 
 aft of plunging under the w»ter, or drowning. 
 In Cljemiftry, tlie putting any thing into a 
 dilVolving liquor or menflruum. 
 
 Dli'MI, an inft; -rable particle [Fr. from 
 ' dim'idium.
 
 DEM 
 
 fliptUium, Lat.] half ; one part of a thing 
 which is divided equally in two j a word ufed 
 only in compofition, 
 
 DE'MI-BASTION, S. in Fortiiication that 
 which has only ons taccj and one flank. 
 
 DE'Mi-CANNON, in GpnHeiy, is of three 
 fizes ; firft, that which carries a ball «f thirty 
 pound weight j ihe Q^an^ete^■ of its bore is fix 
 inches 2-8ihs. Second, the de/rji-cannon 
 ordinary is fix inches 4-3ths bore, twelve feet 
 long, and carries a (hot fix imhes i-Cth dia- 
 meter, 31 lb, weight. Third, the liemi- 
 cannon of the largeft f.zt, is fix inches 6-8ths 
 diameter in the bore, twelve feet long, and 
 carries a ball of fix inches 6-8ihs diameter, 
 and g6 lb. weight. 
 
 DEMl'CULVERINE, S. in Gunnery, is 
 from four to four inches 3-^ah5 bnre, from ttn 
 to ten feet irthiid long, and from aooo to 
 3000 lb. weight : its charges is irom fa lb. four 
 oz. to 8 lb. eight oz. of powder ; the ball is 
 from four to four inches i-half diameter, and 
 weights fiom 9 to 12 lb. 11 oz. ana fhoots 
 point blank from 174 to J78 paces. 
 
 DEMl'GOD, S. a peribn who was mortal 
 by biith from one Qt his parents, but had a 
 deity for the othpr, and was lAJfcd to cohabit 
 with the deities on i^cccunt cf his exploits, or 
 heroic anions. 
 
 DE'MISE, S. [demis, dem:Je,Jt. Uom de- 
 meter, Fr.j death ; deceafc. 
 
 To DEMl'SE, V. A. [demh, demlfe, Fr.j 
 to leave, bequaath, grant, or difpofe of by 
 vilh " My executors ihall not have power 
 to demife my land." Sttiift. 
 _ DEMI'SSION, S. Ideniijfio, Lat,] degrada- 
 tion J diminution of dignity j ItHcning the 
 y^lue of a thing by fome mean adlion. 
 
 PEMO'CRACV, S. [}iiAo-A.^a:\Hci, from 
 Jt.u®', Gr. the people, anu K(dkw, to com- 
 piand ot govern] a form of goveriiment,wherer 
 in the fujireme power is lodged in tbe people. 
 PEMOCIIA'TICAL, Aaj. [from demo- 
 cracyj belonging to that foit of government 
 therein the luprenje power i? lodged in the 
 people. 
 
 To DEMO'LISH, V. A. [demo'ir, Fr. dc 
 tpoHor, J^St.J to pull down, raze, or dellroy. 
 
 DbMO'LiSHER, S. one who deftroys or 
 pulls down. 
 
 DEMOLI'TION, S. the aft of pulling 
 down or deflroying ; deflruftioD. 
 
 DET.IOJ^J, ♦). [damon, Lat. iai,y.w, G;.] 
 ;n evil fpitit. 
 
 PEMO'NIAC, or DEMONIACAL, Adj. 
 belonging to, or poffciied by the devi| j pro- 
 duced by the devil, or fome evil fpirit. 
 
 DEMO'NIAC, S. a perfon poaejifed by the 
 ^evil, or fome evil fpirit. 
 
 DEMONO'LOGY, S. [frpm Jai/.*!^v, Gf. 
 a demon, and Xoy'S^, a difcourfej a dilcourfe 
 on the nature and pradVices of evil fpirits. 
 
 DEMON'STRABLE, Adj. {demo7,JiraMh, 
 Lat. J that which may admit of demonltpation, 
 ijr be proved beyond a coniiradiftionp 
 
 D E N 
 
 To DEMONSTRATE, V. A. {dcm9sft(^^ 
 turn, fupinc oi demonjlra, Lat.] to prove lo aj 
 to convincf; the molt prejudiced, and render 
 in the higheft manner certain. 
 
 DEMONSTRA'TIGN, S. [Fr. demsn. 
 flratiOy Lat. J undeniable proof of the truth of 
 a propodtion j founded on felf-evidcr^t prin- 
 ciples. 
 
 DEM'ONSTRATIVE, Adj. [demorifira. 
 tivus, Lat. j convincing j undeniable j felf- 
 evident. 
 
 DEMO'NSTRATIVELY, Ady. in fuch a 
 clear and evident manner as to demand affint, 
 DEMONSTRA'TOR.^S. one who proves 
 a thing by ^monftrition ; one who explains, 
 teaches, or renders a thing plain to the meanefl 
 capacity j a lecturer. 
 
 DEMO/NSTRATORY, Adj. having the 
 power of demonftration. 
 
 DEMU'LCENT, Part, [demulcens, Lat.l 
 in Phyfic, foftening 5 miillitying. 
 
 To DEMU'R, V. N. [deni^urer, Fr, dimo- 
 rare, |tal. d'u/ioror, Lat,] to aelay a procefs in 
 law by doubts and oojcclions j to paul'e 
 througn uncertainty ; to hefitatej to douot ; 
 to deliberate ; to fufpend one's aflent, choice, 
 or judgment, Aftively, to doubt or queftioi| 
 the truth of a propcfition or allcrtion. 
 
 DEMU'R, S, duuht, arifing from uncer- 
 tainty or want of fufficjsnt proof; heiitatiy.T ; 
 lulpenfe of judgment, choice, or opinion. 
 
 PEMU'RE, Adj. [d,s Kcfuis, £"r. man- 
 nerly, demuth, Teut, modeltyj behaving in 4 
 precife, grave, or affedled manner. 
 
 To DEMU'RE, V. N. [f.om the noun] 
 to look prccifely j fo behjvc with afiedci 
 modefly. 
 
 DEMU/RELY, Adv. in an affsfted^ gravej 
 precife, or rnojeft manner. 
 
 DEMU'RENESS, S. afte<ae4 incde% of 
 gravity ; precifenefs. 
 
 bEMU'RRAGE, S. [demurer, Fr. to ftayj 
 in Commerce, an allowance made to mafters 
 of /hips, for their ftay ii) a port beyorid its 
 time appointed. 
 
 DEMU'RRER, S. in Law, a kind of paijfc 
 made in an adVion, for a cuurt to take t}ni5 tfi 
 confider of foipe point of oifRcuJty. 
 
 DEM''Y, S. Ideml, Fr. of dr.nuUum, L»t.l 
 the title of a perfon oa the loundaiion at 
 Magdalen College, Ox-ford, who docs npt en- 
 joy either the privileges or the falary of a felt 
 low, and is of the fame import as 3 f(f>u/ar at 
 other colleges. Applied likewiie tfl iignify f 
 larger fi^ed paper. 
 
 PEN, S. [de/i, Sax. dcnrf, Belg.] a cavern^ 
 or hollow place under grou:?.d ^ the cave ft f 
 wi)d beafb. 
 
 DENBI'GHSHIRE, S. it) Welch, .S/r 
 phinkfi, one of th? fis cQuntJes in I^fortij 
 Wales. It jg bounded on thp S. by Mcn;- 
 gomcryfi^.irp ; en the W- by tMe of J\Ie- 
 rioneth and Caer.Taiyon, trom wliich Jaft It 
 is divided by the river Conway ; on the Ji. by 
 Shrop^irean4 Chtfftiire; and 913 ft? 'If. iC
 
 DEN 
 
 Jus the Iriih fea and Flmtthire. From N. E. 
 to S. W, it meafures forty miles 5 and from 
 N. to S. twenty-one ; containing about 
 410,000 acres. In it are reckoned fifty-fe- 
 ven parities, four market-towns, and 38,000 
 inhabitants. It is partly in the diocefe of 
 Bangor, and partly in that of S'. Afaph. It 
 enjoys a faluorious but fharp air. The \V, 
 part is hfathy and barren, except the trj£l to- 
 wards the lea ; and the E. part is equally 
 flerile, except towards the river Dee : but its 
 middle part, which is a level of feventeen 
 miles from N. to S. and about five broad, 
 called the Vale of Clwyd, through which this 
 river runs, is fruitful, and much inhabited by 
 gentry. On one fide it lies open to the fea 
 
 DEN 
 
 He employtnents. His poetical abilities w^re 
 certainly very great, his diclion and fenti- 
 ments fublime, his expreflions ftrong, and 
 his numbers harmonious. The Sophy, which 
 he publifhed in 1641, was fo much admired, 
 that even Mr, Waller could not help faying 
 on its publication, that he broke out like 
 the Iri/h rebellion, threei'core thoufand ftrong, 
 and when nobody was aware, or in the leaft 
 fufpe^ed it. His Cooper's Hill has been cele- 
 brated by the bed v.'riteri in our language. 
 As a poet he has few fauljS ; and if he had 
 any in his life, let thofe only cenfure who 
 have none in theirs. 
 
 DENJ'ABLE, Adj. that whith may be 
 refufed to be granted, when aiked, or to be 
 
 and on the other, hemmed in with high hills; ^believed, when propofed 
 
 from one of whicli fpiings the alorefaid 
 Clwyd, which, after fetching a compafs to 
 the S. E. runs N. by Ruthin, and not far 
 from the town of Denbigh, entering Flint- 
 ihire before i: reaches the Irifh fea. The 
 other moll confiderable rivers are the Elwy, 
 the Dee, and the Conway. The principal 
 commodity here, befides goats and flieep, 
 vith bldck cattle, is rye, commonly called amel- 
 corn, produced in the heathy parts by the 
 manure of turf-afhes, the common fuel in 
 this fhire. Here are feverai lead mines, par- 
 ticularly the marquis of Powis's. This county 
 gives title to a branch of the Fielding family, 
 and fends but two members to parliament j 
 namely, one for the fhire, and the other for 
 the county-town of Denbigh. 
 
 DENURO'LOGY, S. [from hv^n, Or 
 a tree, and 'Ko-/^, a difcourfsj a difcourfe or 
 natural hirtory of trees, 
 
 DE'NHAM, (Sir John) an eminent poet 
 in the feventeenth century, was the only fon 
 cf Sir John Denh^m, Knt. of Little Hori'ey 
 in Eflex, fome time chief baron of the ex- 
 chequer in Ireland, and one of the lords 
 juftices of that kingdom. He was born at 
 Dublin in 1615, and on his father's being 
 made one of the barons of the exchequer in 
 England, was brought over in 1617. He was 
 educated at London, and entered, at the age 
 of 16, a gentleman commoner of Trinity 
 College, Oxford j but'here, as he was more 
 addi(fled to gaming than fiudy, he was lockei 
 on as a perfon of flow and unpromifing parts : 
 at his removal from hence to Lincoln's Inn, 
 he ftill continued his practice of gaming, not 
 only to the ruining of his fortune, but to the 
 difpleafure of his father, who threatened to 
 difinherit him. The gre^t truft repofed in 
 him by the unfortunate martyr and his queen; 
 - the p^rt he is fuppofed to hsve born in con- 
 veying away the fluke of York ; his being 
 fent ambaiTador by Charles II. to the king of 
 Peland ; his being employed as furveyor of h's 
 majefty's buildings on the death of Inigo 
 Jones ; and being created a knight of the 
 Sath, by king Charles II. at his reftoratio •, 
 are fuiHcient indications of his talents for pub- 
 
 DENTAL, S. [from deny] the refufing to 
 give or believe ; the perfifting in one's inno- 
 cence, oppofed to the confeflion of guilt j 
 abjuration, or renouncing. 
 
 DENTER, S. one who refufes to grant a 
 thing requefted, orto'alfent to a truth pro- 
 pofed for his afl'ent ; one who will not ac- 
 knowledge or own. 
 
 To DENI'GRATE, N. A. [denigratum, 
 lupine of denigta, Lat.J to make black, or 
 to blacken. *' Bodies will be denigrated by 
 heat." Eoyle. 
 
 DENIGRA'TION, S, {dewgratio, Lat.J 
 the iSt of making a thing black. 
 
 DENIZA'TION, S. [from denlxen] the 
 aft of enfranchifing a foreigner, by which 
 means he enjoys many of the privileges of a 
 natural fubieft. 
 
 DE'NIZEN, or DENISON, S. [Ji^afddyr, 
 Brit. J in Law, an alien, made free by the 
 king's charter, and thereby enabled to pur- 
 chafe and poffefs lands, to hold any office or 
 dignity, fefc. 
 
 To DE'NIZEN, V, A. to enfranchife 5 t» 
 make free. Figuratively, to proteft or en- 
 courage. " Fallhood is denizen d.'" Donne. 
 
 To DENO'MINATE, V. A. [denomii-s- 
 turn, fupine of denomino, Lat.J to name ; to 
 give a name to. 
 
 DENOMIMA'TION, S. [denomin'atio,h3t.'] 
 a name given to a thing pointing out fume 
 peculiar qunlity belonging to it. 
 
 DENOMINA'TOR, S. the perfon or 
 thing which affixes a particular appellation 
 to a thing. In Fraftions, the number be- 
 low the line, fliewing the number of parts 
 v/hich any integer is fuppofed to be divided 
 into; thus in A j S, the denominator, fhews, 
 that the integer is divided into 8 parts ; and 
 6, the numerator, that you take 6 of thofe 
 eight parts. 
 
 DENOTATION, S. [denotatio, Lat.J the 
 aft of afcertaining that a particular thing is 
 to be fignified or underftood by a certain fign, 
 or that a thing belongs to a particular perfon. 
 To DENO'TE, V. A. [denoio, Lat.J to 
 mark ; to be a Cgn of ; to imply j fignify, 
 or betoken. 
 
 To
 
 DEN 
 
 To DENOU'NCE, V. A. [defi-.ncer, Fr. 
 denuncio, Lar.] to threaten by prochmaiion, 
 or fome external fign. Figuratively, in Law, 
 to inform, or give intormalion againft. 
 
 DENOU'NCEMENT, S. the ad of pro 
 claiming any threat, or future and impending 
 evil.. 
 
 DENOU'NCER, S. one who declares 
 fome menace, or impending calarrjity, or 
 puninimenr. 
 
 DENSE, Adj [denfus, Lat.] clofe 5 com-" 
 patt ; thick j having few or very fmall pores 
 between its particles. 
 
 DE'NSITY, S. \denfitas, Lat.] thicknefs ; 
 fnlidity ; compaftnefs j tije clofenefs, near 
 approach, or adhefion of the parts of a body. 
 
 DENT, S. [Fr.J a notch, or piece cut out 
 of a thing, or the defeat made by breaking 
 a piece out of the edge %( a thing ; a mark 
 made in the furface of a thing, by thrufting 
 the parts inwards. 
 
 DE'NTAL, Adj. {dentalh, Lat. from 
 denih,, genit, of dens, Lar. a toothj belong- 
 ing or reliting to the teeth. In Grammar, 
 applied to thofe letters wiiich are pronounced 
 principally by means of tlie teeth. Li Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a fmall ftiell-lifli. 
 
 DEN'TELLATED.Adj. in Botany, notch- 
 ed J jjgged J formed like the teeth of a law 
 on the edges. 
 
 DENTE'LLI, S. [Ital.J in .Architeaure, 
 the fame as modijlons. " The modiilons, or 
 dentelli.''^ Spcli, No. 415. 
 
 DENTI'CULATED, Part. Ider.ticulatus, 
 Lat.] fet with fmall teeth. 
 
 DENTJGULA'TION, S. {deiuku.'atui, 
 Lat.j in Natural Hiftory, fet with fmall 
 teeth ; notched, or jaggej. " He omits the 
 dentici'latlott of the edges of the bill." 
 
 GreiV. 
 
 DENTRI'FICE, S. [from dens, Lat. a 
 tooth, andyi-jfo, Lat. to rub] in Medicine, a 
 powder to cleanle or fatten t.He teeth. 
 
 DENTl'TiON, S. {dcmtlo, Lat.J the adt, 
 or time, of breeding teeth. 
 
 To DENU'DATE, V, A. \denudatum, 
 fupine oi dtr.udo, Lat.J to ftrip or maice na- 
 ked. Figuratively, to divert. '• I'lll he has 
 denudaied himfelf of all incumbrjn(;e;." Duay 
 oJPuty. 
 
 DtNU'DATION, S. the aft of Gripping, 
 or making naked. Figuratively, the ait of 
 divefiing or freeing one's felf from incum- 
 brances. 
 
 To OENU'DE, V. A. \dcnudo, Lat.] to 
 make naked j to pull off a perfon's cloatl-.s 
 Figuratively, to flrip or diveft a thing of its 
 natural covering. " If in fumrner-time you 
 denude a vine-branch of its leaves." Ray. 
 
 DENL.'NCIA'TION, [dcnunciam, Lat.] 
 the ait of pubiifhing any menace ^ or threat- 
 ening any calamity or puniihment. 
 
 DEN UNCI A'fOR, S. [from d.nuncia, 
 Lat,] the perfon who proclaims any threat. 
 in Lav/, one who lodges an information againll 
 
 D E P 
 
 another. " The denunciator does not make 
 himfelf a party in judgment." ylyliffe. 
 
 To DE'NY, V. A. [demer, Fr. denego, 
 Lat.] to contradid an aecufation ; to refufe 
 to grant a thing rcquefled j to difown ; to 
 renounce. 
 
 ^ To DEO'BSTRUCT, V. A. [dechjlruatim, 
 iupine of dcoifrruo, Ln.j to clear Iiom im- 
 pediments J to free a pdLge from fuch things 
 as ftop it up. 
 
 DE-OBSTRUENT, S. [deobjlrue/is, Lat.] 
 in Pharmacy, a medicine whicn, by its dif- 
 lolving vifcidities, opens the pores or paflages 
 of the human bodv. 
 
 DEODA'ND, S. fdeodarduK, Lat.] in Law, 
 thing devoted to God !or expiation of his 
 wrath, or to atone for the violent death of a 
 perfon by chanre. 
 
 To DEO'PPILATE, V. A. [from de, 
 and Dfpno, Lat, J to c!e:;r a pafl'age from any 
 obrtructions. 
 
 DEOPPILA'TION, S. [from despfdauj 
 the a£l of opening th,e paliages or clearing 
 them from obihuc^ions. " It becomes ef- 
 feiHual in deoppilations," Broivn, 
 
 DEOPPILA'nVE, Adj. having thepower 
 to clear the pafTagei from obilrudtions. " A 
 phyfician prcfcribed him a deoppilathe and pur- 
 gative apozem." Huri/ey. 
 
 To D£PA'INT,.V. A. [depeint, particip. 
 o( depeindre, Fr.] to foim the telemblanceof 
 a thmg by colours or pa'ntin^s ; to defcribe. 
 
 To DEPA'RT, V. 1^. [■dej:anr, Fr.J to 
 go away from a place ; to revolt ; to quit ; to 
 leave, urapoftarizej to 'die. 
 
 DEPA'RT, S, [depart, Fr.] the aft of 
 going away, or quitting a place or perfon. 
 Figuratively, death. " Tidings were brought 
 me of your lois and his dzpart." i^mong 
 Refiners, a method of feparating metals 
 blended together in one mafs. 
 
 DEPA'RTER, S. a refiner J one who 
 purifies metals. 
 
 DEPA'RTMENT, S. [departement, Fr.] a 
 peculiar provintc or employment allotted to a 
 particular perl'on. 
 
 DEPA'RTURE, S. [from depart] the ad 
 of going away (roni a pcrfuri or place. Figu- 
 r.tively, death ; the acl of fori'aking, or quit- 
 ting, ufedr with//o/«. " Departure from nvil.^ 
 ■lillolf. 
 
 To DEPA'STURE, V. A. {departus,(rom 
 depajar, Lat.J to graze j to eat up or conlunic 
 by leeding. 
 
 To DEPAU'PERATE, V. A. [dcpaupe- 
 'atutn, fupine of depaupeio, Lat.J to make 
 poor ; to render grounii t)arren. 
 
 DEPE'CTIBLE, Adj. fhorn depcBi, Lat.] 
 touch J clammy j vi'.cid ; thick, or tenacious. 
 '' Some bodies are of a more depeiliLle nature 
 than oil-" Boyle. 
 
 To DEPE'ND, V, N. [dependto, Lat.] 
 to proceed from ; to be in a Hate of fubjec- 
 tion ; to be fupported or maintained by an- 
 other ; t'-- li« yet undeteim ned j to co iliae in, 
 X 3 rely
 
 ^eiy on. " D-pend upon it — he'll remain." 
 ^dd,f 
 
 DEPE/NDENCE, S. [fr.] the ftate of a 
 thing hanging from a fupporccr ; the llate of 
 being furjed to, or at the difpofil of an- 
 b-her. Figuratively, reliance ; truft 5 con- 
 fidenre. 
 
 DEFE'NDENT, Adj. [Fr.] fubjefl to, or 
 in the power and difpolal of, another. 
 
 DEPE'NDENT, S. [Fr.'j one v.-ho is fub- 
 ieft to, at the diipdfjl of, or mjintained by, 
 in-ther. 
 
 DEPE'NDER, S. one who confides in 
 arother. 
 
 DEPERDI'TION, S. [Hepirdkus, Lat.] 
 Id's ; entire deftruftion. " Deperditlcn of any 
 ponderous particles." Br:z:jn. 
 
 To DEPHLE'GM, or DEPHLEGM.-^TE, 
 V. A. f depb/egrr.o, low Lit.] to clear a fluid 
 from its phlegm or water. 
 
 DEPHLE'GMATION, S. [irom dtphkgm] 
 in Chemiftlry, the aft of purifying, or clear- 
 ing a fluid of its phlegm or warer. 
 
 ToDEPl'CT, V. A. [dep^aum, fupine of 
 'def>i>}go, Lat. J to pain', or reprefent the l:!ie- 
 nefs of a thing in colours j to defcribe in 
 words. ^ 
 
 DEPl'LATORY, S, in Medicine, a pla- 
 iner, or other application made ufe of to take 
 awav hair. 
 
 DEPLE'TION, S. [depUfus, of dcpko, 
 La:.] in. P.iyfic, tjie a£l of emptying. " De- 
 fiction of the veffels gives room to the fluid 10 
 txpand itfelf." Ar^uth. 
 
 UEPLO'RABLENESS, S. the ft^te of 
 tseing an objeft of grief; mifcry ; wretcheJ- 
 'nef<^. 
 
 DEPtO^RABLY, Adv. lamentably 5 mi- 
 fcrabiy ; ii> fuch a manner as to occafion or 
 dtmand forrow. 
 
 To DEPLOTvE, V, A. [dipkro, Lat.] ti» 
 lament, mourn, or exprefs forrow for any 
 c-lsmity, lofs, or mislortune. 
 
 DEPLO'RER, S. one who liments or 
 j.-ii-'ve'; for a lofs or rala/nity. 
 
 DEPLUMA'TION, S. [deplumatio, Lat.] 
 t!i€ ii\ of plucking oft' feathers. lr\ .Sor- 
 pery, the fwcllinp of the eyelids, attended 
 tviih the filling ofT of the hairs fi-'om the e; •- 
 brow5< 
 
 DEPO'NENT, S. dtportm, Lat.] in Lrv, 
 one who givci his teflimony in a cou'-t ol 
 )')(iice; an evidesice, or witnefs. Jn Gram- 
 injr, fuch verbs as have an aftij^c fignihca- 
 Tion, thoiigii they have no attive vo'cs j (0 
 caMed, i'iirnjfe dcponum, i, e. rhy liy ajidc 
 xh'- fotce of a verb o*»I)ve. 
 
 To DEPOT UL ATE, V..N. \dep-^vla!U', 
 ■ Lat . j fo unpfOfile ; lolay wafte a country. 
 DEPOVUL.A.'TJON, S. tlve art of unpeo- 
 pling, or rendering a country wafte, by de- 
 
 ■flroying 'he inhsbitanis.- • ' 
 Dl-P>:)PULA''TOR, S.- ttne 
 
 rhs Icills or 
 
 ToDEPO'RT, V. A. [deporttr, Fr.J ii 
 carry aw^y ; to behave or demean one's lelf. 
 
 DEPO'R r, S. demeanour; behaviour} 
 carr.age. ^^ In \N'\Xit deport." Milt. 
 
 DEPORTATION, S. [deportatiot Lat.] 
 tranlportation, whereby a peifon had lome re- 
 mote place alligacd for his refidence, with a 
 prohibition of llirnng from i', on pain of 
 death. Figuratively, exile, or b^nifliment of 
 any kind. " A''juratii>n, which is i dej^oria- 
 tion into a foreign land.' 
 
 DEPO>RTMENT, S. {deportmint, Fr.] 
 conduct ; demcanoar. 
 
 To DEPO'iE, V. A.] depofuum, fupine of 
 dtj^otio, Lat. j to lay down j to deprive a perfoii 
 of a poft or oig.iity j to give teltimony in a 
 c:)urt of juftice ^ to eJtamini a petlon on his 
 
 DEPO'SITARY, S. [depofita&e, Fr. di- 
 p'ifitarius, Lat.] one v;ho is entrufied wifh 
 the charge or keeping of a thing. 
 
 To DEPO'SITE, S. [depofuum, Lat.] to 
 lay up ot lodge in any place j to give as a 
 pledge or fecurity ; to place at intereft j to 
 quit, leave, or lay afide. 
 
 DEPO'blTE, b. [depofuum, Lat.] any thing 
 committed to the care, charge, or truft of an- 
 other J a pledge, a pawn, or fecurity given 
 for the performance of any contraft. 
 
 DEPOil'TION, S. the adl of giving tef- 
 timony, on oath j the id. of dethroning a 
 prinle. In i.orr.nion Law, the foiemn depriv- 
 ing a clergyman of his Qrders for fome crime. 
 
 DEFRAY A'TION, S. [dtprataVw, Lah 
 the ad of fpoiling, coriuptiiig, or tcnderina a 
 thing lc(s perliCt or valuable. 
 
 ToDEPRA'V'E, V. A. [Jf/rao/o, Lat.] to 
 corrupt ; 10 i'poil j to rob a thing o» us pei-- 
 teclion'i J to icduie from goodnefs j to adul- 
 terate or corrupt writings, or liic works of 
 another. 
 
 Di:PRA'VEDNESS,S. lof^ of puriiy,good* 
 nef?, or perf-'ftion. 
 
 DEPRA'VER., S. acorrupter, or one who 
 makes either a pcrfon or thing cad. 
 
 DEPRA'VIIY, .S. coriupdonj a change 
 from ptneciion to imperieclion, or from vii- 
 tuc to vice. 
 
 To DEPRECATE, V.N. [deprecatus, of 
 diprccsr, Lat. J to pray earneftly for the avert- 
 ing lon.e immintnc piiiiifhinciit j to alk par- 
 .ixii for atriorie J to leiptil a p'eciiiun with 
 importunity and hunniJity. 
 
 DEl'RECAniON, S. [dtprccafw, Lat.] 
 the act ot petitioiiinj^ j a btgt"'§ paiJon j 
 prayer j ptayer aga>iift any evil, or tor avert- 
 ing puo.jhment. 
 
 . . 0£PREC.^<TIVE,orD£rRECATORy, 
 Adj. that which is ufcd as an apology, .cxcufe, 
 or me,d»«of avwriing foim; U)iic>iiel', calantity, 
 or punifhmenl. . 
 
 DEPRECA'TOR, S. [Lat] one who fues 
 tor aiioiher ^ an iniercciTur ^ one who apolo- 
 
 ,f«f>royi. the inhabiants af icountry j a de^ -^izes for the fauis of anotiitr, »n order lo free 
 f;rvyc! of jrian.kmd. . .r- . ■ .' . Ihin troratbe puniihtneijiiue to him.
 
 D E P 
 
 /ToDEPRE'CIATE, V. A. [Je anJ tre- 
 tium, Lat. a price] to fpeak meanly of a thing, 
 in order to lelfen its eO^em or value j to 
 undervalue. 
 
 To DE'PREDATE V, A. [depredatm, 
 of deprador, Lat.] to rob plunder or pillage j 
 to feize, as prey or booty ; to confume, de- 
 vour, or dertroy. 
 
 DEPREDATION, S. [depredath, Lat.j 
 l5ie act of robbing, fpoiling, or feizing on as 
 a prey or plunder; wafte; confumption. 
 •' The fpeedy depredation of air upon watry 
 moifture." Bac. 
 
 DEPREDATOR, S. [dipasdator, Lat.] a 
 robber; a fpoiler. Figuratively, a devourer, 
 or confumer. " They be both great depreda- 
 tors of the earth." Bac. 
 
 To DE'PREHEND, V. A. \deprthendo, 
 Lat.J to deteft ; to catch unawares ; to 
 take in the faft. Figuratively, to difcover, 
 or find out fomething difficult, or not ob- 
 vious. 
 
 DEPREHE'NSIELE, Adj. [from depre- 
 liirn/Bj, Lat.] that which m^y be detefled ; 
 that which may be apprehended, difcovered, 
 perceived, or underftood. 
 
 DEPREHE'NSIBLENESS, 5. poffibllity 
 of being detefted, difcovered or underftood. 
 
 DEPREHE'NSION, S. [depreherjlo, Lat.] 
 deteflion ; the a£l of taking in the fa£V, or 
 tdking unawares ; a difcovery. 
 
 To DEPRE'SS, V. A. [deprejjhm, fuplne 
 of deprimof Lat.] to prefs down ; to look down- 
 wards, ** Raifing, or depreJJng the eye, or 
 •otherwJfe moving it." A'ifw. Opt. Figurative- 
 ly, to bumble, abafe, or dejeft, applied to the 
 nnnd. 
 
 DEPRE'SSION, S. [deprejfio, Lat.] the 
 aft of preiTing down; the finking or falling 
 in of a I'urface. Figuratively, degrading; 
 abafement ; or humbling. Deprejfion, in Al- 
 gebra, applied to equations, is the bringing 
 thetn to their loweil terms by divifion. In 
 Aftronomy, the diftance of a ftar from the 
 horizon, meafured from the horizon down- 
 wards. In. Geography, the deprejfwn of (he 
 p'jie, is the travelling or failing fo much from 
 the Dole nearer to the horizon. 
 
 DEPRE'SSOR, S. [Lat.j on€ that keeps 
 'or prefles down ; an oppreflbr. In Anatomy, 
 applied to fuch mufclcs as bring or prefs down 
 'thofe pjris which they are fattened to. 
 
 -DEPRIVATION, S. [from ^« and /.r/- 
 •matio, Lat.J the adt of taking away the qua- 
 ■lily or cxinence of a thing. 
 
 To DEPRl'VE, V. A; (from de and pri. 
 •vo, Lat.j to take away that which is en- 
 'joyed by anotl<er ; to hinder a perfon from 
 enjoying or making ufe of a thing. In Law, 
 ^to turn a clergyman out of a benefice for 
 fome crime. \ 
 
 DEPTH, S. See DEEP, [^/>/>, Belg.j the 
 'fpace meafured from the furfacc of a thing 
 downwards; quantity of water oppoTed i6 a 
 y>jw/ j ih« fea j th(j abyfs. Figuratively, the 
 
 D E R 
 
 hsiglit or middle of a feafon, or night. Pro- 
 toundnefs, difficulty, dbfcurity, applied to 
 learning. In War, the dcpih of a (quairon, 
 is the number of men in a file. 
 
 To DE'PTHEN, V. A, \d\eptn, Bel^.] to 
 deepen, or make Jeep ; to encre^fe the fpacc 
 of a thing dounwirds. See DEEPEN. 
 
 DEPU'LSION, S. \depufio, Lat.] the aft 
 of heating, or driving away. 
 
 DEPU'LSORY, Adj. [deptilfui, Lat.J 
 thrufting away. 
 
 To DE'PURATE, V. A. [depurer,Tt.] to 
 purify ; to cleanfe from any i.Tipurities. 
 
 DE'PURATE, Adj. [from the verb.] 
 cleanffd, or freed froni dre_gs or foulnefs. 
 Figuratively, pure, not tainted or corrupred. 
 " Neither can any boaft a knowledge depurate 
 from the contrary." G/anf. 
 
 DEPURATION, S. [depuratlo, Lat.] the 
 act of feparating the impuie parts of any thing 
 from the pure ones. In Surgery, the cleanfing 
 a wound from its foulnefs. 
 
 To DEPU'RE, V. A. [depurer, Fr.] to 
 cleanfe from dregs or foulnefs; to purge a 
 thing from any noxious qualities. *' Of fuch 
 harmful quality, as the waters of the gene- 
 ral flood could not fo wafli out or depurc" 
 Raleigh. 
 
 DEPUTATION, S. [Fr.] the fending 
 fome feleft perfons out of a body to a prince 
 or folemn alTembly, to treat of ma'ters in their 
 behalf or name ; the commifUon of treating 
 in behalf of others. 
 
 To DEPUTE, V. A. [deputer, Fr.] to fend 
 with a fpecial commifiioii ; to apj-oint per- 
 fons to negociate a public or private aft'air 
 with a prince, ftate, or private perfon. 
 
 DE'PUTY, S. [dipuit^; Fr.] one that is 
 commiflioned to tranlad an affair for, or dif- 
 charge the duties of another; a vicegerent. 
 In Law, a perfon who exercifes an office in the 
 right of another, who is accountable for his 
 mittakes or milbehaviour. 
 
 To DEQUA'NTITATE, V, A. [from de 
 and quantnai, Lat.j to lellen the quantity 
 of a thing. *■* Aftually dequantitated by fire." 
 Broivr, 
 
 To DERA'CINATE, V. A. to pluck or 
 tear up by the root. 
 
 To DERA'IGN, or DERAIN, V. A. 
 [deranger. Ft, ^ In Law, to prove. In its pri- 
 mary fignification, to diforder, or confufe. 
 
 DE'RBY, or DARBY, S. the capital 
 town of Derby/hire, on the W. bank of the 
 river Derwent, with a Hone bridge over it. 
 The riyer has been made navigable into the 
 Trent. Upon the Derwent is tir Thomas 
 Lomb's curious engine, by which organzine, 
 or thrown filk, is made, for a perfeft model 
 of which, tile parliament uf Great Britain al' 
 lowed him 14,0001. Derby is populous, 
 but not confiderable for trade. It is governed 
 by a mayor, who returns two biember; to 
 pailiameni. The tower of All-Saints church 
 is a beautiful Gothick flruflure^ J7S feet 
 
 X 4 ^^i^.,
 
 D E R 
 
 h'lch, e.reSed in queen Mary's reign, at the 
 cbsffe of the maddens and bachelors of the 
 to^vn. Its vieekly maikets are on Wednef 
 day, Friday, ana Saturday. Its annual fairs 
 are held on February 24: a meeting for cheefe: 
 "Wcdnefday in Lent aflize week, for horles, 
 rcw not frequented j Friday in Eafter-weck, 
 for horned or black catttle; the firft Fridjy 
 in May, Friday in Whitfun-weck, and July 
 25, for horned cattle; September 27, chtele- 
 fa.r; and Friday before Michaelmas, a 
 rneeiing, by cuftom, for horned cattle. Thi' 
 place gave the title of earl to the Stanley fa- 
 riily. Derby lies I23 miles N. W, of Lon- 
 don. ' 
 
 DERELI'CTION, S. {denliah, Lat.] the 
 utter forlaking or abandoning a perfon. 
 
 DERE'LICTS, S. [plural derdiP.j, Lat.] 
 in Law, fuch goods as are wilfully thrown a- 
 way and difowned by a perfcn. 
 
 ToDERl'DE, V. A. to hugh at, mock, 
 or turn to fcorn with great contempt. 
 
 DERl'DER, S. a perfon who mocks or ri- 
 dicules a thing with great contempt. 
 
 DER.I'S10N, S. th^ ad of ridiculing, mock- 
 ing, or laughiig at with great contempt. 
 
 DF.RI'SIVE. Adi. ridiculing J mocking. 
 
 DERI'SORY, Adj. ldenforw5,Uu] mock- 
 ing ; tifiicullng. 
 
 DERIVABLE, Adj. [from Jiri'vs] that 
 which may be obtained by defcent, or commu- 
 niraled from one to another. 
 
 D£RlVA<TION, S. [din^vatio, Lzt.] the 
 draining water from its courfe or channel. In 
 Grammar, the tracing a word from its Ori- 
 ginal, In genealo'jy, defcent. Figuiativcly, the 
 tracing any thing fiom its fource. In Medi- 
 cine, the drawing a humour from one part o! 
 the bodv toanotht;r which is near it. 
 
 DERIVATIVE, Adj. [derivati-vus, Lat.] 
 derived or taken from another 
 
 DERi'VATIVE, S. the thing or word 
 vhich is derived from another. 
 
 DERI'VATIVELY, Adv. after a derlva- 
 live manner ; not originally. 
 
 To DERI'VE, V. A, [cerl'ver, Fr. den- 
 •uo, Lat.] to drain; 10 let oiu^water, or turn 
 its courfe. Figuratively, to divide, or fepa- 
 T2te ; to deduce or trace from its original or 
 fource; to com!T>unicate, as the fource of a 
 river 10 one of its branches, or a caiife to its 
 etfsft ; to defcend to a perfon, or to commu- 
 nicate by deftcnt of blood ; to divide j to dif- 
 ful- over a Urge extent gradually, and in fe- 
 parate branches. Jn Grammar, Co trace a 
 Word J rem i;s orijjin. Neuterly, to proceed, 
 come, or defcend from, 
 
 DERI'VER, S. one who partakes by dc- 
 {fen', pedigree, orcomnvunication. 
 
 DERNKER, Adj, [Fr.j laft; ufed with 
 rtfcrt. " Thi.= being the denier refort." ^y'ljf. 
 
 ToDE'ROGATE, V. A. \deyogatum,i^- 
 pij-.e of Jivc^o, L^t.J to leflen the value of a 
 fifniiy or profeflion ; to degenerate j to under- 
 y4ue the erteem or woith of a thing. 
 
 D E S 
 
 DEROGA'TION, S. \dcr«gatk, Lii-lin 
 aft done contrary to, or inconfiflent with any 
 lav.', by which means its force and value is 
 lell'ened ; the aft of difparaging or lelfening 
 ihe v:?lue of a thing. 
 
 DERO'GATIVE, Adj. lefTening the value 
 of a thing, or the efteem and repuuiion of a 
 oerfon. 
 
 DERO'GATORILY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to leifen the value of a thing, or the 
 efteem and reputation of a perfon. 
 
 DERO'GATORIKESS, S. the quality of 
 UfTening the value of a thing. 
 
 DERO'GATORY,Adj.[<:/«.(,^iJfoMaj, Lat.] 
 that which lelTens or takts away from the va- 
 lue of a perfoa or thing. 
 
 DE'RVIS^ or DERVISE, S. a kind of 
 monks among the Turks, who profefs extreme 
 poverty, and lead a very auftere life. Their 
 order was infrituted by Mevelava ; they affeft 
 an vincommon degree of patience, humility, 
 and charity ; are itinerant preachers ; and de- 
 liver their doftrines even in coftee-houfes ; 
 they always go bare-legged, and open-breafted j 
 faft every V/ednefday, Thurfday, and Friday, 
 during which they eat nothing till fun-fet. At 
 their meetings one of them plays on the flu'e, 
 while the reft dance, turning themfelves round 
 with incredible fwiftnefs, in commemoratior\ 
 of Mevclava's turning miraculoufly' round for 
 the fpare of four days. 
 
 DFSCA'NT, S. [from difcanto, Ita!.] a 
 commei.t on any fubjeft. In Mufic,- the art 
 of compofmg feveral parts. Pla'tK dcfcar,:, con- 
 fifis in the orderly placing nfi.iny concords, and 
 relates to fimple counter-point, as in Pfalmody, 
 Figurati-ve orjloriddejcant, is that viherein dif- 
 ccrdsniay be concerned as well, though not as 
 much, as concords ; in it are introduced all the 
 variety of points, figures, diverfity of meafures, 
 and whitevereKe is capable of adorning a cox» 
 (jolition. Double defcayit, is when the parts are 
 fo contrived, that the treble may be made the 
 bafs, and the bafs the treble. 
 
 To DESC.VNT, V. N. [from the noun] 
 to fmg in parts. Figuratively, to dilcourle ac 
 large ; or to criticife minutely on the aftions 
 o\ another ; to point out faults with great mi- 
 nutenef ; to cenfiire. 
 
 To DESCEND, V. A. {d^cerdre, Fr. </*- 
 fcendo, Lat.] to come or go from a higher to a 
 lower place; to go gradually downwards, or 
 below the furface of a thing ; to fink ; to in- 
 vade an enemy's country ; to proceed as Irona 
 a fuccelTor, or as a caufe does from an effeft ; 
 to change a difccurfe i'.an\ a general and fuper- 
 hcial view, to a more accurate, minute, and 
 particijlar one. Aftively, to walk, or roU 
 downwards from a higher place or fituation. 
 
 DESCE'NDANT, or DESCEN'OENT, S. 
 [Fr. dejcer.d(ns, Lat.] one who belongs to ano- 
 ther as a relation ; the cfTspring or pofterity 
 of a perfon ; coming or moving Irom a highA 
 to a lower fituation ; finking. 
 
 DESCE'NSION, S. a finking from a higher 
 
 t6
 
 D E S 
 
 to a lower fituatlon. In Aftronomy, it is dl'/Id- 
 cd into right or oblique. Right defcenf.on is a 
 point or arch of the equator, which de(cends 
 with a ftar, or fign, in a right fphere. Oh!i<jtic 
 riefcenfion, is that which defcends in an oblique 
 fphere. 
 
 DESCE'NSIONAL, Adj. relating to de- 
 fcenr. In Agronomy, riefce'-fiona! S^ferenct, Is 
 the difi'ererice between the oblique and right 
 dcfcenfion of a ftar. 
 
 DESCE'NT, S. [defcente, Fr. dejienfus, 
 Lat.J the aft of pafiing from a higher to a 
 lower place ; or towards the centre of the earth ; 
 a flope, or Hoping Jituation. Invafion, or at- 
 tack on an enemy's country or coafts ; birth ; 
 extraiflion. Lireal dejcent, is that which is 
 conveyed down in a right line from the grand- 
 father to the father, from the father to the 
 fon, ISc. CuUutcral dejcent, is that which 
 fpringj out of the fide of the line or hlood, as 
 from a man to his brother, nephew, &c. Fi- 
 guratively, one flep or generation in the line of 
 a family. A rank, or degree in the fcale of 
 beings. 
 
 To DESCRI'EE, V. A. [defcrlbo, Lat.] in 
 Painting, to form the refcrablance of a thing. 
 In Logic, to convey an idea of a thing in a 
 loofc manner, without enumerating all its pro- 
 perties. In Geometry, to draw or make a 
 figure. Figura'i>ely, to convey fome notion 
 of a thing by words. 
 
 DESCRI'BER, S, one who relates a matter 
 of faft, the manner of performing an adtion, 
 a batile, Wc. 
 
 DESCRI'ER, S. [from defcry]- one who 
 difcovers or defcries a thing at a diftance, 
 
 DESCRl'PTION, 8. [dcfaiptio, Lat,] the 
 aft of conveying the idea of a perfon or thing 
 by mentioning fome of their properties. In 
 Logic, a coUeflion of the moft remirkable 
 properties of a thing, witiiout including the 
 ellential difference, and the general nature or 
 genus ; the fentence or pafl'age in which a 
 thing is defcribed ^ the qualities expreiTeJ in 
 feprefenting a thing. 
 
 To DE'SCRY, V. A. [defmer, Fr.] to re- 
 connoitre ; to examine or view at a dillance ; 
 to difcover or difccrn by the fight a thing hid- 
 den or concealed. 
 
 DE'SCRV, S. [from the verb] difcovery, 
 or the thing difcovered. 
 
 To DE'SECK-ATE, V. A. [Ifecraium, 
 Lat.] to diver: from its original intention ; to 
 convert a thing to an ufe different fram ih.ii 
 to which it was originally confecraied. 
 
 DESECRA'TION, S. the converting of a 
 thing confecrated to fome common ufe. 
 ^ DE'SERT, S. \dejtrtum, Lat.J a place not 
 inhabited or built j a wafte place j a folitude. ' 
 
 DE'SERT, Adj. [dijertum, Lat.J wild; 
 walte ; uncuhrvaied ; uninhabited. 
 
 ToDESE'RT, V. A. [dijerur,7r. defer- 
 turn, fupine of c/f/£;V<3, Lat.] to quit j to lur- 
 fake; to abandon a peifiin who has a reli.inte 
 0.1 one i ufed as a word of reproach 3 to leave 
 
 D E S 
 
 a ftation or place; to run away from an army 
 or company, applied to folJiers. 
 
 DESE'RT, S._[Fr. properly fpelt dejert, it 
 being originally a French word] the laft courfe 
 of an entertainment, confuling in fruits a.id 
 Iweecmeats. 
 
 DESE'RT, S. [from d.fer-ve] the behavi- 
 our, condutV, or actions of a perfon, confidered 
 with refped to rewards or punilhments ; a 
 claim to praife or reward. Figuratively, ex- 
 cellence, or virtue ; degree of merit. 
 
 DF.iE'RTER, S. Ydcfatu,, Lar.J one who 
 leives or abando.i a perfun, who can claim his 
 .-.iiillrance j one who abandons, quits, or leaves 
 his port, or the army to which he Leiongs. 
 
 DESE'RTION, S. the aft of abanoon'ing 
 or foifaking a perfon, caufe, port, or phce ia 
 an army. 
 
 DESE'RTLESS, Adj. want of merit; wjth- 
 t)ut thofe qualifications which can entitle a 
 perfon to, or render him a proper objeft of, 
 approbation or reward. 
 
 To DESE'RVE, V. A. [defer-ulr, Fr.] to 
 be an objeft of approbation or difapprobation, 
 reward or puniiliment, on account of orie's ac- 
 tions or beh.-iviour; to be worthy, or a proper 
 objeft of reward. 
 
 DESE'RVEDLY, Adv. not without reafora 
 or foundation ; according to a perfon's behavi- 
 our, whether good or ill. 
 
 pESE'RVER, S. a man who is a proper 
 obieft of approbation and reward. 
 
 DESI'CCANT, Part. [d.Jlcca„s, Lat.J in 
 Medicine, of a drying nature or quality. 
 _ To DESI'CCATE, V. A. {d,ficcatum, fa- 
 pine of deficco, Lat.] to dry up niuifhire 
 
 DESICCA'TION, S. the aft of drying up 
 moiftuie. 
 
 DESI'CCATIVE, Adj. that which has 
 the power of riry.ng. 
 
 To DESI'DERATE. V. A. [defUeratum, 
 fupine of defidero, Lat.J to long for a thing 
 not difcovered ; to defire a thing abfent. "So 
 c.efired and fo much dcfidcratcd problem." 
 Cheyney. 
 
 To DESIGN, V. A. Uepur, Fr. Aefigr^o, 
 Lat.] to purpofe or intend j to form or order 
 lor a particular purpofe ; to plan, prcjeft, con- 
 trive, or form an idea of i..i tht mind j to 
 fkctch the plan or fc heme of a work, or the 
 out-lines of a pifture. 
 
 DESIGN, S. an intention or purpofe; a 
 plan ot aftion ; a fcheme or contrivance ; ihc 
 plan ijr reprefentation of the order, general 
 diftribution, and conftruftion of a painting, 
 poem, books, I'uiioing, &ff. 
 
 DESIGNA'iiLE, Adj. that which can be 
 afcertained, rtefcriried, or exprelll-d. 
 
 DESIGNA'TION, S. \defignauo, Lat:J the 
 defcribiiig a perfon or thing by fom^ remote 
 fign j appointment, or direcliou ; import or 
 ligoificatiiin ; iutrn'ion. 
 
 DiiSI'GNEDL?', Adv. purpofely ; in a 
 manner agieeable to the intention or previous 
 purpofe of a perfon, oppofcd to acndtr.tj^U;. 
 
 DESIGNER,
 
 i) E s 
 
 •tetSI'GNER.S. a perfon whopie-neJItates 
 Vsr coiitiives fomethir.g ill ; a penon who in- 
 vents a draught or original, for feme artift to 
 copv by. 
 
 DESI'GNING, Part, ernrriving, meditat- 
 ing, or intending I'omething amifs, or prejuiii- 
 tial to the intereft of another. 
 
 DESl'GNLESS, Adj. without Intending ; 
 without any bad intention. 
 
 DESI'GNMENT, S. an intended expediti- 
 on againft an enemy j a plot; the idea, or 
 Iketch of a work. 
 
 DESl'RABLE, Adj. worthy of defire or 
 longing. 
 
 DESI'RABLEKESS. S. the quality of 
 being earneftlv wifhcd for. 
 
 To DESl'liE, V. A. [Jejlrcr,?!.] to wlfli 
 for,- to covet fome abfent gooJ j to appear to 
 ]oir^ for a. thing ; to afk. j lo entreat. 
 
 DESl'RER, S. one who tovtts an abfent 
 good. 
 
 DESI'ROUS, Acj. full of longing; ear- 
 ncftty w'fhing. 
 
 To DESi'ST, V. N. [di/Ijh, Lat.] to ceafe 
 from doing a thing which is begun ; to ftop. 
 
 DESI'STANCE, S. the ;A of flopping or 
 ceafing from fome a<ftion b^gun, 
 
 DESI'TIVE, Adj. [defitu!, Lat.] ending 
 or concluded. A lieji'.i've frnp^Jii'ton, is tJiar 
 whici) implies the ending or conclufion of 
 Something. 
 
 DESK, S. [dijch, Bclg. tifch, Teut. dcfco, 
 Ilal.] »n inclining or floping board or table. 
 
 DE'SOLATE, Adj. idejolatw., Lat.] with- 
 out inhabitants 5 laid wafte ; folitary, or un- 
 frequen^e-i. 
 
 To DE'SOLATE, V. A. [dcjolo, Lat. J 
 to deprive of inhabitants ; to lay wafte. 
 
 Dt'SOLATELY, Adv. in an nnfrequented 
 manner ; in a defnlate manner. 
 
 DESO'LATION, S. the aft of deftroying 
 or removing the inhabitants from a place ; the 
 adt of laying a place wafte ; a place wafted and 
 forfaken. " How is Babylon become a dsj'cla- 
 tion." jfer. i. 23. 
 
 DESPA'JR, S [dejejpeir, Fr.] an utter a- 
 bandoning of the hopes of any future good ; 
 lof» of hope 5 that which deprives a pierlonof 
 ..hope; a poflion excited by imagining that the 
 objtif ,or; lubje(it of defire u not to be attained, 
 or that a thin^ to be undertaken is beyond our 
 . sbljlitics to perform. 
 
 .. .Xo.DE'SPAJR, V. N. \difptri, Lit. de- 
 fefperer, Fr.] to abando.T, relinquilb, or give 
 a thing ovtr as unattainable ; to cejfe toliope 
 
 D.£SPA'JRER,S. one who looks oir-a thinf 
 as tnajtainable; one who is witWout hope. 
 ■ DESPAIRINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ; Iter as to. Jifcove^' no hope, jh 
 
 .DL'SPjiRAT|.,Adi.f^i/'f^rafjH,L3r.Jwith. 
 «ut hope>. or looking on a thingas impoflible 
 or u.-uctainable ; without .:ny regard to fafety, 
 arifing, from defpair. Figuratively, not to be ^mrtertakes, or of attaining wnat is arocnt- 
 
 vetrieyed or furmounted, applied ta things 
 Mid, furious with defpair, jpplicd to ptrrons,'' 
 
 D E S 
 
 ?5ometimes u'cd forperfonshabituated'tofbmt- 
 thing bad, whofe reformation is iefpaired of. 
 Violent, applied to things. 
 
 DE'SPER ATELY, Ad*, in the manner of 
 a perfon grown furious by defpair; rrjadly in a 
 great degree. 
 
 DE'SPER ATENESS. S. madnefs ; fury ; 
 afling without any regard to fafeiy or fecurity. 
 
 DE'SPE RATION, S. a ftate void of all 
 hope. 
 
 DE'SPICABLE, Ad].[dcfpkaiilis, Lat.]de- 
 ferving contempt on account of fomething fot- 
 did, me.in, bife, and vile. 
 
 DE'SPlCABLENESS,S.thequality which 
 rendeis a per.'^on or thing the object of con- 
 tempt. 
 
 DE'SPICABLE, Adj. [defftcabilrs, Lat.] 
 liable to be contemned ; mean ; bafe ; 
 
 DE'jPiCABLY, Adv. in a mean, fordiJ, 
 vile, or contemptible manner. 
 
 To DESPl'SE, V. A. [dcfpicere, Lat.J to 
 fcorn or contemn with pride and difdain ; to 
 night ; to difregard. 
 
 DESPl'SER, S, one who looks on a perfon 
 or thirig with fcorn or contempt. 
 
 DESPl'TE, S. [dej'fiie, Fr. diffetto, Ital. 
 ff)!!/, Belg.] malice; anger on account of fome 
 real or fuppofed injury; defiance. " In difpite 
 of heat by day." Blackm. An aft of malice 
 Or refentment ; fomething done in order to 
 countera£l the defigns of another, through ma 
 lice, revenge, refentment, and in order to make 
 him uneafv. "A defpite done againft the Moll 
 High." ParLnft.' 
 
 To DESPl^TE, V. N. to counttraa the 
 defigns of another, through a piinciple of mi' 
 lice or refentment. 
 
 DESPITEFUL, Adj. full of malice or 
 fpleen ; adling contrary to ihe dtfigns of an- 
 other, purely to make him unealy, or unhap- 
 py ; malignant. 
 
 DESPl'TEFULNESS, S. malice or an en- 
 deavour to render a perfon extremely miferable 
 through malice and refefHment. 
 
 ToDESPO'lL,V.A [depouilhr, Fr. fpog. 
 V.aie, Itdl. deJi^oUo, Lat.] to rob; to deprive a 
 p.Tf .n of what he is polfclVed of by fome a£l of 
 violence. Figuratively, to deprive a perfon of 
 lome port or honour. 
 
 DESPOLJA'TION, S. the aft of depriv- 
 ing a perfon 01 fomething in his pcfle^lion. 
 
 To DESPO'ND, V. A. [deffomiecyhzr.l 
 to become melancholy, through a perfnafion 
 ihat fomething dcfired is unattainable, or that 
 •famething to be done is impoflible. In Divi- 
 nitv to lole ail hope of the divine mercv. 
 
 bbSPO'NDENCY, S. the ftate of a' perfon 
 who imagines a thitig df fired cannot be at- 
 tained, or that a thing' to be done i» im- 
 pofJible. 
 
 DESPCNDENT, Adj. [drfpcndem, Lat.] 
 without any hopes of fucceeding in what one 
 
 ly defired. 
 DE'SPOr, S.[hr::oV.i, Gr.] an afcfolurc 
 
 ur.cuntroulabls
 
 itinctlhtrOuUble princtj only ufed When applied 
 to tftofe of Dacia. 
 
 aESPO'TJC, or DESPO'TICAL, Adj. 
 \<ieff^ot!fue, Fr.J ablblute ; arblcrary ; fupieme; 
 "of unlimited or ablolute po^er. Figuratively, 
 unaccnnntable. 
 
 DESPOTICAL'NESS, S. the quality of 
 exercifing power or authority without any 
 reftraint or controul. 
 
 DESPO'TISM, S. [defpottfmt, Fr.] abfolute 
 jpower, applied to fuch governnnents, wherein 
 the power nf the prince is arbitrary. 
 
 To DESFU/MATE, V. A. [defpumatum, 
 fiipine of deffumoy Lat.] to /kim the froth 
 off. 
 
 DESPUMA'TION, S. In Pharmacy, the 
 aft of clearing any liquor, by fkimming off 
 the froth or foam. 
 
 DESQUAMA'TIGN, S. [from de nnd 
 fcjuamma^ Lat. a fcaiej in Surgery, the aft of 
 icaling carious bones. 
 
 To DESTI'NATE, V. A. [dejiinatum, 
 fupine of defiino, Lat.] to tlefign or form for 
 any particular purpofe or end; *' Birds are 
 deftinatedlo ^^." Ray, 
 
 DESTINA'TION, S. [from defllnate'] the 
 purpcfe or ultimate end for which any thing 
 is formed or defigned. 
 
 To DE'STINE, V. A. [dejiino, Lat.] to 
 doom ; to appoint to any ftate or condition 
 without alteration, or by an abfolute necef- 
 fiiy; to order to any end or purpofe; to devote 
 to puniiiiment or mifery j to fi« an event 
 unalterably. 
 
 , DE'STJNY, S. [deji.ne, Fr.] in Mytho- 
 logy, the power who determines the lot of 
 mortals ; fate, fixed by fome unalterible de- 
 cree J doom ; fortune ; the prediftion of the 
 /uture condition of a perfon which muft ne- 
 ceffary happen. 
 
 DE'STITUTE, Adj. [dejlittitus, Lat.] de- 
 prived of; in Want of; abandoned by. 
 
 DESTITUTION, [S. from d'e/Jif;,?*] want; 
 deleft j or a ftate wherein fomething is defi- 
 cient or wanting. 
 
 To DE'STRO'Y, V, A. [dHrutre, Fr.] de- 
 firuo, L«t.] to demolifli, or reduce to ruins ; 
 to kill ; to lay wafte, or make defolate ; to 
 deprive a thing of its prefcnt qualities or pro- 
 perties. 
 
 DlESTROTER, S. one who l^ys a town 
 wafte ^ one who deprives animals of life ; 
 one who defaces a thing by fume aft of vio- 
 lence. 
 
 DESTRU'CTIBLE, Adj. {Uomdcfimaum, 
 Aipir>e of deftruo, Lat.J liable to be deftroytd, 
 defaced, or demolilhed. 
 
 DESTRUCTIBI/LITY, S. poffibility> or 
 liablenefs to be deftroyed. 
 
 DESTRU'CTION, S. ld,firuaic, Lat.] the 
 aft- of ruining, deftroying, demolilhing, or 
 laying wafte ; murder ; the ftate of a thing 
 ruined, demoliflied> or deftroyed ; ihe caufe 
 of deftrufticn. 
 
 DESTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [d^rufiivrti, low 
 
 13 tT 
 
 Lat. 3 tliat <which demoli/hcs, reduces to ruiiw^ 
 and lays wafte. 
 
 DESrRU'CTlVELY.Adv. inTucha man- 
 ner as to deftroy, demolifh or ruin. 
 
 DESTRU'CTIVENESS, S. the quality 
 which deftroys, ruins, or lays Wafte. 
 
 DESTRU'CTOR, S. a coafuaier or de- 
 ft royer. 
 
 DESUDA'TION, S. a profufe or inordlnats 
 fweating. 
 
 DESU'LTORY, or DESULPORIOUS, 
 Adj. [defultorius, Lat.J unfixed ; unfetiled 5 
 removing trom one thing or idea to another. 
 
 To DETA'CH, V. a. [detstbir, Fr.J tb 
 feparate or part fomething which was jo ned 
 before ; to fend out or draW oft" a part of i 
 greater body of forces. 
 
 DETA'CHEO, Fart, drawn off; feparated 
 from; difengaged. In P3\ni\nf,'well detached, 
 is applied to fuch figures which appear free, 
 not entangled with each other, and having 1 
 good relievo. In Fortification, deiachcd pieces, 
 are any works which are at a diftancc froth 
 the main works. 
 
 DETA'CHMENT, S. a body of troops 
 feparated and fenc from the main army. 
 
 To DETA'lL, V. A. [detailUr, Fr.J to 
 relate a faft with its minute and particular 
 ciicumilances. 
 
 DETA'lL, S. an account containing all the 
 minute circumftances of an aftion, or fubjeft. 
 
 To DETA'IN, V. A. [detainer, Fr. detineo. 
 Lat.J to keep that which is due to another; 
 to keep a perfon, or hinder him from depart- 
 ing or going farther; to keep a perfon in 
 cuflody. 
 
 DETAI'NDER, S. In Law, a writ for 
 holiiing or keeping a perfon in cullody. 
 
 DETAINER, S, he that does not pay a 
 thing duej or wlth-holds another perfon'i 
 right ; he that hinders the departure or pro- 
 grtfs of a perfon or thing. 
 
 To DETE'CT, [deteaut, Lat.] to difcover, 
 or find out any fecret crime or artifice ; to 
 find out or furprizea perfon in the commifTi- 
 ort, or after the commiuion, of a criiue ; to 
 lay open the artifices of a perfon, or fophillry 
 of an argument. 
 
 DETE'CTOR, S. a difcoverer of fome 
 criminal ; one who lays open the fophiftry 
 or fubterfuges of an author. 
 
 DETECTION, S. the difcovery of a cri. 
 minal, crime, or fault ; the difcovery of fome- 
 thing hidden or concealed. 
 
 DETEN'.SION, S. the keeping or with- 
 holding what is due, or belongs to another. 
 Figuratively, confinement or reftr»In:. 
 
 ToDETE'R, V. A. [<f-.'«r.--j, Lat.J :o 
 difcourage, or keep a perlon from doing x 
 thing, either by frightening him, by metiacei, 
 or by laying it* confequerices hetore him. ' 
 
 DETE'RMEN V, S. that which difcourage* 
 a perfon from doing or undertaking a thing ; 
 the oiufe or nbftacle wjiich hinders a perfon 
 from undertaking .t thing, 
 
 6 To
 
 T) E T 
 
 ToDETF/RGE, V. A. [d^urgo, Lat.^to 
 ckaiile a fore fiom its pus, matter, ©r foul- 
 nefi ; 'o cteanfe the boclv by purges. 
 
 DETERGENT, Ao]. {rietergens, I.at.] in 
 Meoicine, having the power of cleanfing. 
 
 DETE/RMIN ABLE, Adj. [from dttarmine] 
 that which m<y be aicertalned, or decided. 
 
 ToDETE'RMINATE,V. N. [determiner, 
 Fr.J to limit j to fettle j to fix; to deter 
 mine. 
 
 DETE'RMINATE, Adj. [determ]na:us, 
 Lat.] IJTiiie.-l ; fixed ; fettled ; decifive. 
 
 DETERMINATELY, Adv. refolutcly, 
 fixed ; firm ; refolvcd. 
 
 DETERMINA'TION, S. abfolute dlrefti- 
 i)n to a certain end. Figuratively, a refolution 
 Jr'ormfd afrer mature deliberation ; the decifion 
 of lome coniefted point or difpute. 
 
 DETE-'RMINATIVE, Adj. having the 
 power 10 olrecl to a certain end ; that which 
 telTrains ihe llgnificatjon of a word. 
 
 DETE'RMINATOR, S. one who deter- 
 inines, ai'ctrrains, or decides a controverfy. 
 
 To DEIE'RMINE, V. A. [determiner, 
 Ft. determ'wo, Lat. J to fix or fe;tle a thing or 
 point in debate or difpute ; to conclude ; to 
 flecide ; to confine or rcfJrain within limits ; 
 to afcertain the ftnfe of an expreflion ; to 
 influence the choice ; to rcfolve ; to put an 
 end to j to deilroy. " Till ficknefs has 
 Jcteririred me." Shak. Neuterly, to conclude ; 
 to end J to come to a decifion ; to refolve, or 
 come to a refolution. 
 
 DETE'RSION, S. [from deierfum, fupine 
 oi detergo, Lat.j in Surgery the a<Sl of cleanfing 
 a wound. 
 
 DETE'RSIVE, Adj. [deterff, Fr.] having 
 the power to cleanfe. 
 
 DE'TERSIVE, S. in Medicine, that which 
 cleanfes a vpound, or frees the body from hu- 
 mours by purging. 
 
 To DEI E'ST, V. A. [detefler, Fr. detejlor, 
 Lat.] to hate a thing with fome vehemence; 
 on account of its evil and {'cmicious quali- 
 ties. 
 
 DETE'STABLE, Adj. [Fr.] that which 
 is hated w:th great vehemence, on account ot 
 its vilenefs or pcrnicioufnefs. 
 
 DETE'STABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as Ihews or delcivcs the greatefb loathing, ab- 
 V horrence, averficn, or hatred. 
 . DETL'STATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 .abhorring, difliking, or hating a thing on 
 account ot its evil. Ufed with 'f, and fome- 
 .time!, but improperly, with for. " The 
 dctcfial'tan you can exptcfs /er vice." Sivift, 
 
 DETE'JSTER, S. one who has a very great 
 -hatred, averfioia. or loiithing. 
 , To DETHRO'NE, V. A. [Jeihrcer, Fr. 
 from de and tbronus, Lat. a throne j to depofe a 
 king ; to deprive him of royalty. 
 
 DETl'NUE, S. [dueuue, Fr.J a v^rit lying 
 
 againft a perfon, who refufes to deliver a thing 
 
 up, which was given him to keep (or anot.her. 
 
 DE'rONA'fiON, S [ditwa'.um fupins of 
 
 D E V 
 
 dotoKo, Lst.] the loud noife made by fome 
 bodies which begin to heat in a crucible, 
 fomewhat refembling the explofion of gun- 
 powder. In Chemiftry, the operation of ex^ 
 pelling the impure, volatile, and fulphureous 
 parts from antimony. 
 
 To DETO'NIZE, V. A. [detono, Lat.] in 
 Chemiflry, to calcine with detonation. 
 
 To DETO'RT, V, A. [detonus, Lat. from 
 
 detorfueo, Lat.] to wreft a word or expreflron 
 from i(s original meaning or defign. *' De- 
 tor led texts o( fcripture to fedition." Dryd. 
 
 To DE'TRACT, V. A. [dctratJum, lupine 
 of ditraho, Lat. J to leffen the reputation of 
 another by calumny, or fpeaking ill of him j 
 to leflen the value of a thing. 
 
 DETRA'CTER, S. one who lefTens the 
 reputation of another, 
 
 DETR ACTION, S. [Fr. detraaio, Lat.] 
 the impairingor lellening the reputation or 
 efleem of another, by fpealcing ill of him. 
 
 DETRACTORY, Adj. lefiening the va- 
 lue of a thing, or reputation o\ a perfon. 
 
 DETR ACTRESS, S. a woman who lef- 
 fens the reputation of others, 
 
 DETRIMENT, S. [deirimentum, Lat.] 
 that which aftefts a thing or perfon with lofs, 
 difadvantage, or damage. 
 
 DETRIMENTAL, Adj. caufing harm, 
 mifchief, lofs, or damage. 
 
 To DETRU'DE, V. A. [detrudo, Lat.] t» 
 thiuft down ; to force into a lower place. 
 
 DETRU'SION, S. the aft of forcing a 
 thing downwards. 
 
 DEVASTATION, S. [from dtvaftatum, 
 fupine of devajlo, Lat.] the aft of laying 
 wafte 5 demolilhing buildings ; or unpeopling 
 .towns. 
 
 DEUCE, S. [deux, ¥t. duo, Lat. "W, or 
 ^ua;, Gr.j in Gaming, a card with two 
 marks, or die with' two fpots ; the devil. 
 
 To DEVELOP, V. A. [de-veloper, Fr.] to 
 take off any covering which conceals a thing ; 
 to lay open anv ftratagem or artifice. 
 
 To DEVE'ST, V. A. [deTeJier, Ft. from 
 de and "vejlh, Lat. a garment] to make a per- 
 fon naked, or take off his cloaths. Figura- 
 tively, to deprive of an advantage, or fome 
 good ; to free from any thing bad. 
 
 To DE'VIATE, V. A. [of de, from, and 
 via, Lat, a road, or common pjth] to leave 
 the right or common way. Figuratively, to 
 err ; to go aftray. In Divinity, to fin, by not 
 walking in the way pieltribcd by the divine 
 commandments. 
 
 i>EVlA'T10N, S. the aa of quitting 
 the right way. Figuratively, the afling con- 
 trary to fome eftablifhed rule ; fin ; offence ; 
 a wandering. 
 
 DF.VFCE, S. [deiAfe, ¥r. devija, Ital.j a 
 contrivance, or llratagem ; a projeft ; a 
 Icheme, or plan. In Heraldry, an emblem, 
 which lias kjme refemblance to a perfon's 
 name ; the reprelentation of fome natural 
 bedy, with a naoito or fcntence, 
 
 8 DE'V'IL,
 
 D E V 
 
 OE'VIL, S. [deofi, deofe, Jeofol, dUhuU, 
 Sdx. diaft, d'lafo!, dtafexil, Brit, d'tabh, Fr. 
 diable, Spjn. dia'.oh, Ital. duyvel, Belg. teuff-'l, 
 Teur. J(aot)\©>', Gr.] in its primary fignifi- 
 cation, a calumniator, or falfe accufer j but 
 peculiarly applied to fignify the fallen angel, 
 who was the tempter and feducer of man- 
 kind. Figuratively, a wicked perfon. In 
 Scripture, an idol ; an emilTary ; or one of 
 the wicked fpirits fubjeft to Satan. '* The 
 condemnation of the De-v\l,^^ I Tim. iii. 6. 
 ilgniries the being g'jiity of the fame crime, 
 and fuftcring the fame punifliment with the 
 
 DtTj'xl. 
 
 DE'VILISH, Adj. partaking of the mali- 
 cious, mifchievous, or other wicked quali- 
 ties of the Devil. 
 
 DEVILI'SHLY, Adv. in an entirely wick- 
 ed Or mifchievous manner; in a manner fuit- 
 ablc to the wickednefs of the Devil j diabo- 
 lically. 
 
 DEV/IOUS, Adj. {deuw, Lat.] out of the 
 common track. 
 
 To DE'VISE, V. A. {de-vi^tr, Fr. to in- 
 vent or contrive, implying a great deal of art. 
 Neuterly, to plan, contrive, or form fchemes. 
 In Law, 10 bequeath, or leave by will. 
 
 DE'VISE, S. [old Fr. a will] in Lav/, the 
 a£l of giving or bequeathing by will j con- 
 trivance. 
 
 DE'VISER, S. one who projefts, or con- 
 trives J one who leaves or bequeaths by 
 will. 
 
 DE'VOID, Adj. [iarV«, Fr.J empty ; va- 
 cant. Figuratively, deftit\ite, or free from 
 anv quality, either good or bad. 
 
 DE'VOIR, S. [Fr.] in its primary fenfe, 
 a duty, or aft of fervice, but now obfolete. 
 At prefent ufed to fignity fome att of civility, 
 or ceremony due to a perlon either on account 
 of rank, ofBce, or relation. 
 
 To DEVOL'VE, V, A. [devoho, Lat,] 
 to roll from a higher to a lower place. " The 
 matter which defohes from the hills." To 
 remove from one perfon to another. " They 
 devihed thc'w whole authority into ihe hands 
 of the council." ylddif. " The whole was 
 dtvohjid upon that family." Stuifu Neu- 
 terly, to fall or deftend to, in oroer of fuc- 
 ceflion. 
 
 DEVOLU'TION, S. [dcvcluu'o, Lat.] the 
 rolling of a thing from a higher to a lower 
 place. Removal, or fucceflion from one per- 
 lon or Order to another. 
 
 DEVONSHIRE, S. a county of England. 
 It has the Englifh channel, on the S. the 
 Biiftol, channel on the N. It is divided on 
 the W. from Cornwall by the river Tamar, 
 wliich runs almoft from the one channel to 
 the other; and it is bounded on the gaft by 
 Somerfetfliire. It is about iixty-nine miles 
 long, and fixtyfix broad, containing 1, 920,000 
 acres, twelve pariiameniacy boroughs, forty 
 market-towns, 304 parifhes, 117 vicar- 
 
 D E U 
 
 rants, ^5■ext to Yorklhi.'e, it is the hrgeff 
 and moil populous cojiify in Enghnd ; and 
 its people aie fo aniverfally employed in trade, 
 that it cannor be equalled oy any in the 
 kingdom. The air in iis valleys is mild and 
 fharp, but healthy on its hills and heaths. 
 The weftern parts confifl of a moorift foil, 
 or ftiff clay ; the latter b-ad for /heep, but 
 extremely well adapted for breeding great 
 herds of fine oxen, fattened for the Londsn ' 
 markets. The foil of the north parts is dry, 
 having very good downs for /heep ; and the''a 
 being well drelTed with lime, dung, and fand, 
 yield tolerable crops of corn, bu: not fo plen- 
 tifully as in the middle and eaftern parts ; nor 
 does it fall Ihort in meadow and paliure. 
 Shell-fand renders the molt barren part fruit- 
 ful ; and in places remote from the fea-fliore, 
 the upper turf being fkimmed of}', is burnt 
 to aflies; and this method of agriculture is 
 called De'enfhiring, The fou hern parts for 
 fertility are juftly efteemed the garden of Pe- 
 von/hire. 
 
 DEVORA'TION, S. {devoiaiui,oi d^vero, 
 Lar.J the aft of devouring. 
 
 To DEVO'TE, V. A. [dezoium, fuplne of 
 dc'voiieo, Lat.j to dedicate or fet apart to a 
 religious or any other particular purpofc j to 
 abandon to evil ; to doom to dettruifiion. 
 
 DEVO'TEDNESS, S. the flate of u thing- 
 devoted, dedicated, fet apart, or deftined to ai 
 particular end or purpofe. 
 
 DEVOTE'E, S. [devot, Fr.] one extrava- 
 gantly or erroneouflv religious ; a bigot. 
 
 DE'VOTION, S. [F'r, of de-voi-.o, Lat.J 
 the ftate of a thing confecrated or dedicated j 
 a religious and fervent exercife of forae pub- 
 lic aft of religion ; or a temper or difpofitioa 
 of the mind rightly afi'efted with fuch cxer- 
 cifes. Figuratively, prayer; a ftrong and 
 fervent afleftion for a perfon. 
 
 DEVO'TIONAL, Adj. relating to religious 
 worfhip ; pious ; zealous. 
 
 DEVO'TIONALIST, S. the perfon who 
 is fuperftitloudy religious. 
 
 To DEVO'UR, V. A. divorer, Fr. dti-oro, 
 Lat.] to eat up ravenoufly. Figuratively, t» 
 deftroy with rapidity, or quic.kntjis^ tofwallow 
 up, or reduce to nothing, 
 
 DEVO'CJRER, S. [from denjo-ur and er, 
 of ivar, Sax,] one that confumes or §ats up 
 ravenoully. 
 
 DEVOU'T, Adj. [dc-vaty Fr. dcvotui, Lar.] 
 pious ; religious ; fervent in performing atta 
 of worftiip ; filled with pious thoughti ; full 
 of zeal ; or exprefTive of ardent piety. 
 
 DEVO'UTLY, Adv. in a pious maaner ; 
 with fervent zeal and piety. 
 
 DEUSE, S. [derived by Junius from Diu- 
 ftus, the name of a fpe^-ies of evil fpiritsj 
 the devil, nfed in ludicrous language., S^c 
 DEUCE. 
 
 DEUTERO'NOMY, S- [from cf^nsj®- ; 
 
 the lecond, and la^a^ , Gr. lawj tUc hit 
 1733 villagis, and 340,000 inhabi I book of the Pent*t:uch, or five books writ- 
 ten
 
 D I A 
 
 ten by Mof^s, fo called by the Greek tianf- 
 htors, becaufe there ts a kind of recapitula- 
 tion of thf law in it. The Jewifh rabbins 
 ■on this account ftile it M'ljhnecb, or the Re- 
 petition. It is gencfally named EUeb-Had 
 dtbarim, which is one pf the firfl- words in 
 the Hebrew. It was written, all but the lad 
 chapter, by Mofes, in the lapth year of hit 
 age, the laft chapter being fuppofed by fome 
 to have bpen added by Joftiua irntnediately 
 after Mofes's death j but by lomc fuppofed to 
 have been written by Ezra, 
 
 DEW, S. [deatue. Sax. dauio, Belg. tauw, 
 Teut.] in Natural Hiftory, a light, thin, in- 
 fenfible mirt, or rain, raifed from the earth 
 after the fun has descended below the hoii?on, 
 by th« heat it has communicated to the earth 
 during the day; which mift, meeting with j 
 the cold in the atmcfphcre, is condenfed and i 
 precipitated on the earth ag,>in. Not bin we 
 mull take notice it is the opinion of fome, 
 that dews do not defcend at all. 
 
 To DEW, V. A. to wet or moiften as 
 with dew. 
 
 DE'W-BESPRENT, Part, fprirrkkd with 
 ^ew. " The favoury beib of Jcnot-grafs, 
 deiu-btfprert " Mile. 
 
 DE'\VLAP, S. \dog hp. Din.. dcof> la/ e. 
 Sax. fo calkd from its Id/ pug or bruftiing off 
 thedewl the Reih which han^s down trom 
 the thioat of cows, bulh, pr oxen. Figu- 
 Tatively, a targe hanging lip, ufed by way of 
 contempt. 
 
 DE'WLAPT, Adj. having a devvhp. 
 
 DE'W-WORM, "S. in Natural HiHqry, 
 a worm found in dew, called likewife the 
 lob-worm, 
 
 DEW'Y, Adj. refembling, or partaking of 
 the nature ot dew ; moift with dew. 
 
 DE'XTER, Adj. [Lat.J in Heraldry, the 
 light fide. 
 
 DEXTE'RITY, S. {dexientas, Lat.] rea- 
 dinefs ; aflivity ; qijicknefs of contrivaitte. 
 
 DB'XTEROUS,Adj. [d^xter,hiX.] expe/tj 
 a£live ; or quick ; fubtle ; full of expeoients j 
 Ikilful in mdnagf.jnent ; fertile in invention. 
 
 DEXTE'RQUSLV, Adv. expeirly ; rea- 
 dily j quickly; {kiltullv. 
 
 DE'XTRaL, Adj. '[(/f.rrfr, Lat.] on the 
 right fide. 
 
 DEXTR A'LJTY, S. the n.tc of being on 
 the right fide. 
 
 DIABE'TES, S. f J.^.^a.':,;, Gr.] in Phy- 
 fic, tile difcharge of any liquor through the 
 lyinary pafT^gCb almoH a^ loon as it u drank, 
 withoii^ any or little :ilieration, and under 
 the appearance of water, attended wjtli jn- 
 fatiable thirft. 
 
 DlABO'HC, or DIABO'LICAL, [from 
 d'ahiius, Lat. ihc devil J partaking ot the 
 qualities of the devil ; extfemety impious and 
 wicked. 
 
 DIA'COUSTICS, §. [from i\-t and crt^r., 
 Gr.j in Fhiiofophy, ttie confideution or t'oc- 
 t/ineof lelfaded found? ab they ^al"' through 
 
 P I A 
 
 difierent mediums, i. e. either through den'e 
 into a rare, or ibrougti a rare i.ito a denla 
 one. 
 
 DI'ADEM, S. \d\adtm<;i, Lat. from JiaJss, 
 Gr.J formerly a bandage of filk encompafling 
 the heads of kings, and tied behind. It 
 was fometimes encjched with pearls, ani 
 fometimes with the leaves of fome ever- 
 greens, In Herajdry, certain circles or rims, 
 binding or inclofing the crowns of prinrts, 
 and ty bear the globes, froflcs, or flower de 
 luces for their crefts. 
 
 pi'ADEMED, Part, adqrped with a diar 
 dem ; wearing a cio.vn ; crowned. 
 
 DKADROM, S. [from JfaJ^o^usia, Gr.] the 
 time in which any motion is performed ; the 
 lime in which a pendulum forms a fingle 
 vibration. " Whofc dijdrom!, in the latitude 
 of 45 deg. are equal to one fecond." hackt. 
 
 DI/ERE'SIS, S. [Jiai.ETK, Gr.] ia Gramr 
 m;ir, the divlfion of a diphthong, or one fyl- 
 hbie into two. |n Surgery, the divifion of 
 fuch parts which are united contrary to nar 
 ture, and obfiruft a cure. In Medicine, the 
 deftroyingor confuming of the vefTels or ca? 
 nals of an animal body, by fome corro4iqg 
 humour forcing iifelf a pallage, or by the 
 extravafation of the juices. 
 
 DIAGNO'STIC, S. [htt and ywte!rK!.>,Qt,'\ 
 in Medicine, a iign by which the prcfenc 
 ilate, nature, and cai^fe of a difeafe may be 
 difcovpred. 
 
 DIAGONAL, Adj. [from Siay.vviof, Gr.J 
 drawn acrgfs a figure from one corner or angle 
 to another* 
 
 DIA'GONAL, S. a right Ijne drawn acrofe 
 a parallelogram pr other figure, from one 
 angle or corner to another, fo as to divide it 
 into equal parts. 
 
 DIA'GONALLY, Adv. in a prpfs direc- 
 tion, or reaching from one corner to another, 
 
 Dl'AGRAM, S. roiay;«,'-t/.^.-«, Gr.J^in 
 Geometry, a fiheme Jrav\n for explaining 
 any figure or its properties. In Mi^fic, the 
 antient gamut, whofe extent was a difipiafon 
 or two otflaves, in the I : 4. in which fpace 
 they iijve ei[,htecn chords, though they had 
 not all cifleient founds. 
 
 DIACRV'UIATE.S, S. [from diag'ydium, 
 Lat.J in Medjcififj fliong' purges maoe ot 
 diagrydium. 
 
 Di'Al-, S, [from dies, Lat.j a plate marked 
 with two ftts of figures beginning at one, and 
 I nding with twelve, ufetl to (hew the time of 
 the day by docks, or by the fhadowof the fun. 
 
 DI'ALECT, S. [^i^XExo;, Gr.J the pe- 
 culiar manner of fpeaking, or diverfuies made 
 in any language by the inhabitants in d'ffcrsnc 
 parts 01 the country wherein it is fpoken, 
 I'igur&tivcly, ftile ; manner of e.vprcffion j 
 lanpua^e, or fpeech. 
 
 DIALE'CTIC, S. Ipixy.i^m, Gr.] the ait 
 of reafonine, or Icgic. 
 
 DIALE'CTICAL, Adj. [fiotiJ fl'ij/fffj be- 
 ionging to lo^ic. 
 
 DIAL.
 
 D I A 
 
 DIALLING, S. the art of defcribing lines 
 on any given plane, in Tuch a manner that the 
 fun's fhadow, or its rays, is trantmitterl 'hro' 
 a hole, fhall touch any given line at any given 
 hour^ 
 
 DIA'LIST, S. one vfho conftruils or makes 
 dials. 
 
 DIA'LOGIST, S. one who comnores, or 
 one who is introduced as a /pecker in a diar 
 logue. 
 
 DIA'LOGUE, S. l^^ttKoy.oi, Gr.] a confe- 
 rsnce or debate on any lubjctl, whether real 
 or feigned. 
 
 To DIA'LOGUE, V. A. to hold conver- 
 fation or conference with; to difcourfe. 
 " Di)ft dialogue with thy fhadow." Shai. 
 
 DIALY'SIS, S. [?wXva-!5, Gr.] in Gram- 
 mar, the parting or feparating two vowels, 
 which would otherwife make a diphthong. 
 In Printing, two dots fet over a vowel to fliew 
 that it does not compofe a diphthong, as in 
 beauUltr, Fr. 
 
 DIA'METER, S. [&ia, through, and /ae- 
 Tjoy, Gr. a meafurej the line wh'ch paiics 
 through the centre or circle of another figure, 
 9nd divides it into two ef]ual parts. 
 
 DIAME'TRAL, Adj. deicribing, or relat- 
 ing to a diameter. 
 
 DIA/METRALLY, Adv. according to 
 the ilircflion of a diameter. Ufcd with oppo- 
 Jite, it implies the moft direft or higheft oppo- 
 litioH that can be between two things. 
 
 DIAME'TRICAL, Adj. or DIAMETRI- 
 CALLY, Adv. now ufed inftead of Diamciral, 
 and Dhitnelrally, which fee. " 
 
 DIA'MOND, S. [generally pronounced d'l- 
 mond, from diamante Fr. adfimans, Lat, or 
 a'^itixaq, Gr.] in Natu'ni FKftory, the moft 
 valuable and hardeft of all gems, when pure, 
 perfeftly clear and pellucid, and diftin^uilhed 
 by iis vivid fplendor and the brighinefs of ifs 
 lefleflions from all other fubftance.s 
 
 DIA'FASE, S. in Mufic, the fame as Dia- 
 fafon. 
 
 DIAPA'SON, S. [J(a7r«>», Gr.] in Mu- 
 fic, an interval, including an odave. Among 
 mufical inftrument makers, it fignifies a rule 
 or fcale wherereby they adjuft the pipes of their 
 •rgaps, and cut the holes of their tiutes, haut- 
 bois, &c. 
 
 DI A'PER, S. [d'lapre, Fy.) a kind of linen 
 clo;h, woven in figures. 
 
 ToDIA'PER, V. A. to variegate; diver- 
 fify, or flower ; to draw flov/ers on cloths. 
 
 DIAPHA'NECTV, S. j"S<e DIAPHA- 
 NOUS] tranfparency, or the quality of tranl- 
 mitting light. 
 
 DIAPHA'NOUS, Adj. [Jia, through, and 
 friivv, Gr. to appear, or ftiewj tianlparent; 
 giving pafTage to the rays of light ; that which 
 may be feen th'ough. 
 
 DIAPHO/RESIS, S. [ha^o^ic^^ Gr] in 
 ^ledicine, a diftljarge made ihroi'gh the Ikin, 
 vvhether (enfihle or inf^nfible. 
 
 pJAPHORETIC, Adj [^.tfor-.Tixj;. Or.] 
 
 D r c 
 
 In Medic'ne, that which caufes a difcharga 
 through the {k\n, or a Iweit. 
 
 DI'APHRAGM, S. [pronounced ^;'<j/>;&M«, 
 from htifi^u'/^'^a, Gr.J in Anatomy, a ner- 
 vous mufcle vulgarly called the midrifF, and 
 by aaatomifts, feptum cran-verfale, or crofs 
 wall, from its dividing the bicaft .or lhor»je 
 from the abdomen. '::■ > • 
 
 DIARRHOE'A, S. [J^.^ppoa, Gr.] In 
 Me.-licine, a flux of the belly, or profufe eva- 
 cuation of liquid excrements by ftcol. '^ • " 
 
 DIARRHOE'TIC, Adj. in medicine, pro- 
 moting a loofcnefs;caufing adifcharge by ftoolj 
 purging:. 
 
 DIA'RY, S. [diarum, Lat.] an account of 
 the tranfaftioTS of a perfon every day. 
 
 DI A'STOLE, S. [Gr. from JwrsX^a;, Gr,] 
 in Anatomy, the motion of the heart or ar.^ 
 teries, whereby the parts dilate or diftend 
 thcmfelves. In Grammar, diafJoU, figniliis 
 the lengthening a fyllable, which is natutally 
 fliort. 
 
 DIA'STYLE, S. [from iio. and <rv\o<:, a 
 pillar, Gr.J in antient architefture, an eiiitice 
 whofe columns ftand at fuch a diftance froni 
 each other, that eight modules, or four diame- 
 ters, are allowed for the intercolumniation. 
 
 DIATESS'ERON, S. [from J,a, and rta-. 
 aa^Tt, Gr. ] in Pharmacy, a medicine fo call- 
 I e1, becaute compofed of four ingredients, 'viz. 
 roots of ariftolochia, gentian, bayberries, and 
 myirh. In mulic an interval compofed of 
 one greater tone, one lefler tone, and one 
 ' greater femi tone, Cf.llcd by moderns, a perfect 
 j fourth. 
 
 ! DIA'TO'NIC, S. [JioTW©-, Or.] the ordi- 
 nary fpccies of mufic, which proceeds by dif- 
 ferent tones, either in afcending ordefcending, 
 and contains only the greiter arjd !:;fs tones, 
 together 'vith the greater femi-tonc. 
 
 DIAZEL'TIC Tone [of ha. and (e'jyvuut, 
 Gr.J in antient mufic that which disjoined 
 two founhs, one on each fide of it, and being 
 joined to cither, made a fifth. This, in our 
 mufic, is from A to B, fuppofing mi to lland 
 in he-fa- ll-Kil. 
 
 DIBBLE, S. a fmail fpide or pointed in- 
 ftrument, ufed by gardeners lor making hole* 
 in the ground in pLnting. 
 
 DICE, S. the plural of DIE, which fee. 
 DI'CER, S. one who plays at dice; % 
 gamcfter. 
 
 DICHOTOMY, S.[J'<x'S'andT£^vi,Gr.J 
 in Logic, the diftribution or divifii^n of ideas 
 into pairs. In aftioiiomy, thi p})a.fis of ih; 
 appearance of the pjoon, whcreinihe is bife^- 
 td, or (hews ;'Ut half her difk. . 
 
 To DlCfAaE, V. A. [difiatum, fapirje 
 of diflo. Lit.] to d' liver a command to an- 
 other ; to fpeak with authority ; O delivi- • 
 fpeech in words which is to be taken dowti . 
 writinj. 
 
 DICTA/TE, S. [diHafum, Lat.] a rule 
 or mandate dehv;rcd by fome peffoii of autho- 
 rity. 
 
 DICT.A'TIOV
 
 D I E 
 
 DICTATION, S. the aft or praftlce of 
 prefcribing, giving orders, or laying down rules 
 of condiift. 
 
 DICT'ATOR, S. [Lat.] a Roman magi- 
 ftrate, inverted with a confuiar and fovereign 
 authority, having the power of life and death, 
 to proclaim war, raife or difcharge forces 
 without confent of the fenate, and remain- 
 ing in his office for fix months, till Sylla and 
 Caefar erected it into a perpetual tyranny. 
 Figuratively, one who, by his credit and au- 
 
 D IF 
 
 To DI'ET, V. A. to feed or eat according 
 to the rules and prefcriptions of medical wri- 
 ters 5 to give food ; to board, or furnirti with 
 viftuals tor money. 
 
 DI'ET, S. [of diet, Teut. a multitude, or 
 dies, Lat. an appointed day] an affembly of 
 the ftates or circles of the empire, meeting 
 CO delibera'e on fome public affair. 
 
 DI'ETORY, Adj. belongmg to the rules 
 of medical diet. 
 
 Di'ETER, one who prefcribes rules for 
 
 thority, direfts and regulates the conduft of > eating ; one who prepares food by medical rules. 
 
 others. 
 
 DICTATO'RIAL, Adj. after the manner 
 of a diftator j imperious. 
 
 DICTATORSHIP, S. the office of a 
 iiftator. Figuratively, imperioufnei's, or au- 
 thority carried too high. 
 
 DICTATURE, S, IdiSlatui-a, Lat,] the 
 office of a dictator. 
 
 DI'CTIGN, S. [from di'aio, Lat.] the pe- 
 culiar manner which an author has of expref- 
 ling himfelf, whether it refpe£l tlie arrange- 
 ment of his worcis, or the ufe of rhetorical 
 figures. ^ 
 
 DICTIO'NARY, yiaionarium, Lat.] the 
 words of any language in their alphabetical 
 order, with explanations of their meaning, or 
 definitions. 
 
 DlDA'CTIC,orDlDACTICAL,Adj. [^ 
 
 DIETETIC, or DIETETICAL, Adj. 
 [halimy.-r,, Gr.] belonging to food ; or re- 
 lating to medical caution about the ufe of 
 food. 
 
 To DI'fFER, V. N. [dlffere, Lat.] to 
 have properties or figure, which are not the 
 fame as thofe of another perfon or thing to 
 oppofe a perfon in opinion j to be of another 
 ooinion. 
 " DIFFE'RENCE, S. [differentia, Lat.] the 
 ftate of being diftinft from fome other thing ; 
 aditpute; debate; controverfy, or oppofuion 
 of fentiments ; the property which dillin- 
 guifhes one thing from another. In Arith- 
 metic, the remainder after one quantity is 
 taken from another. In Heraldry, fome- 
 thing added to, or altered in, -a coat, whereby 
 the younger families are diftinguifhed from 
 
 JaxliX©^, Gr.] containing precepts or rules. Uhe elder, or to fhew how far they are re 
 Dl'DAPPER, S. \duyck-dapptr, Belg.] in ) moved from the principal houfe. Ajcenfimal 
 
 Natural Hiftory, a bird remarkable for its 
 diving. 
 
 DIDA'SCALIC, Adj. [from Ji?<ic->ttX(^, 
 Gr.] giving or delivering piecepts or rules in 
 fome art. 
 
 To DIE, V, N, \deadan. Sax.] to lofe 
 life; toex;»e; to lofe all the animal func- 
 tion?, and have the foul feparated from the 
 body ; to be punifiied with death. Figura- 
 tively, to be loft, perif];, or be entirely laid 
 afide. " Thofe thoughts which fiiould have 
 died.''' Skak. To fink, faint, or lofe its vi- 
 tal functions. " His heart dad v/'itlun him.'* 
 I Sam, To la.n^uiih or be overcome with 
 pleafure and tenderncfs. " To founds of 
 heavenly harps (he dies away." Peps. To 
 vanifn or difappear. " "Wh?n dying clouds 
 contend with glowing light." Si>s.k. To lan- 
 ^\\\{h with afFed\ion, in the ftile of lovers. To 
 wither, applied to vegetables. To grow fpl- 
 litlefs, taftelefs, or vapid, applied to liquors. 
 
 DIE, S. [plural dice, dc, Fr. V;i, B.'it.] 
 a fmall cube, marked on each of its fides with 
 fpecks or dots, from one to fix, which is ufed 
 by gameftcrs to pby with. Fiijurativtly, ha- 
 »ard, or chance, ?.ny cubic body. 
 
 DIE, S. [plural dies] the ftamp ufed in coin- 
 ing, or the mould in v.hich medals are caft. 
 
 DFET, S. foia.la, Gr.] food ; provifion 
 for fjiisfying hungtr ; a regular courfe of food 
 ordered and directed, in order to cure fome 
 chronical dillempers. 
 
 difference, in Aftronomy, is an arch of the 
 equator, contained between the fix of the 
 clock circle, and the fun's hoarry circle. Dif- 
 ference >f longitude, of two places, is an arch 
 of the meridian intercepted between tiie tw'o 
 places. 
 
 To DIFFE'RENCE, V, A. [from the 
 noun,] to make one thing not the fame as 
 another ; to diftinguifli one thing from ano- 
 ther. 
 
 DIFFE'RENT, Adj. [Fr. different, Lat.] 
 difilnct ; or contrary qualities ; unlike. 
 
 DIFFE'RENTlAL, Adj. in Geometry, an 
 infinitely fmall quantity, or particle of a quan- 
 tity, fo fmall as to be lefs than any aflignable 
 ene. Differential method, is that of finding an 
 infinite Imall quantity, which, taken an i,i- 
 finite number of times, is equal to a given 
 quantity. 
 
 DIFFE'RENTLY, Adv. in a different man- 
 ner. 
 
 DIFFE'RINGLY, Adv. in a various man- 
 ner. 
 
 DIF'FICULT, 'Adj, [diff.c-jltc', Fr.] hard 
 to be dene, underftood, or pleafed ; trouble- 
 fome ; pe-v'fh ; morofe. 
 
 DlFFl'CULTY, S. [difficulte', Fr. diff.- 
 cuhas, Lat.] that vvhich lequiies, pains, care, 
 and attention. Figuratively, diftrefs ; oppo- 
 fition ; perplexity, or une.'.finefs, with refpe£t 
 to circumftances. Objedtions or points nut 
 eafilv a.ifwei-ed, or underftood. 
 
 To
 
 D I G 
 
 1*0 DIFFI'DE, V. N. {deffido, Lat.] to 
 diflriift, or repoft no confidence in. 
 
 DJFf FDENCE, S. [diffidcntia, Lat.] want 
 of truft, confidence, or courage, 
 
 DIF'FJDENT, Part, or A-j. [diffidem, 
 Lat.j wanting in confidence j diftruftful j 
 fufpicious ; timorpus. 
 
 DIF'FLUENCE, or DIFFLUENCY, S- 
 {^diffjuens, Lat.] the quality of falling away on 
 all fides, oi;po(ed to confiftency or folidity. 
 
 DIF'FLUENT, Part, [dijjluens, Lat.j flow- 
 ing away. 
 
 DIFFRAN'CHISEMENT, S, [from di 
 zndfranchifeFr.} the aft of taking away the 
 privileges or charter of a city. 
 
 To DIFFU'SE, V. A. [from diffufum, fu- 
 pine of diffiindo, Lat.j to pour a iicjuid on a 
 plain furtace, fo as it msy fpread itfclf every 
 way. Figuratively, to fpread 5 fcairer j difperfe. 
 DIFFU'SE, Adj. [diffufus, Lat.j fcattered 
 or fpread widely. Applied to Ible, or the 
 manner of a compofition, copious, oppofed 
 to ccncije. 
 
 DIFFU'SEDLY, Adv. in a copious, liberal, 
 and extenfive manner j fpread every way. 
 
 DIFFU'SEDNESS, S. the ftate of being 
 fpread abroad ; copioufnefs of ftile. 
 
 DIFFU'SELY, Adv. widely; extenfively. 
 Applied to flile, copioufly. 
 
 DIFFU'SION, S. the (late of being fpread' 
 abroad. Copioufnefs or exubeiance, applied 
 to ftile. 
 
 DIFFU'SIVE, Adj. having the quality of 
 fpreading abroad; fcattered or fpread abroad ; 
 extended, 
 
 DIFFU'SIYELY, Adv. widely; exten- 
 fively. 
 
 DIFFU'SIVENESS, S, extenGon j dlfper- 
 fion; the power or quality of being fpread 
 abroad. Applied to fiiie, want of concifenefs. 
 To DIG, V. N. Idic, Sax. a ditch, dygtr, 
 (Belg.j to open, or make a hole in the earth 
 with a fpade. Figu'aiivc-ly, to pierce with a 
 pointed inftrument, &c. To dig up, to throw 
 up or uncover t.hat which is buried under the 
 earth. 
 
 DI'GEST, S. [digcfla, Lat.] a colleaion 
 of the civil law, ranged under proper titles by 
 the order of the emperor Juflinian. 
 
 ToDl'GESr, V. A. Idigejlutn, fupineof 
 digsio, Lat.j to diftiibute or range methoJi- 
 cally into ditierect cialVes j to conco£l or dif- 
 folve fond in the ftomach ; to reduce to any 
 plan or fcheme 3 to receive a thing favoura- 
 bly, without loaxhing or reluftance ; to re- 
 ceive and enjoy, la Chemiftry, 10 fofcen by 
 hear, boiling, or by putting a thing into a 
 d'jnghill. In Surgery, to ripen an humour, 
 or prepare it for evacuation, 
 
 DiGE'STER, S, one whofe food eafily 
 turns into chyle 5 a vefTei to boil any bony 
 fubrtances to a fiuid ftate, 
 
 DIGE'STION, S. in Medicine, thatchange 
 which the food undergoes in the rtomach, in 
 order to render ic f.t to lapply the conu.iuai 
 
 D I L 
 
 lofs fuflitnid by perfpiration, the animal func- 
 tions, or e-tercife. In Chemiftry, i§ a diflb- 
 iution .^ f any fubftsnce by artificiil heat. 
 
 DIGE'STIVE, Adj. having the power to 
 d'.flblve, slter, change, or turn the food into 
 chyle ; capable of dilfolvlng by iis heat ; re- 
 ducing to method. 
 
 DIGE'STIVE, S. in Surgery, an appllca- 
 tjon, which ripens and prepares the matter of 
 wp^inds tor fuppuration. 
 
 pi'GGER, S. one that opens the ground 
 with the fpade. 
 
 To DIGHT, V. A. [J-ighran, Sax. to pre- 
 pare] to drefs, embellifii, or adorn. 
 
 Dl'GlT, S, [digitus, L,t. a finger] three 
 fourths of an inch m long mc^fure. In Agro- 
 nomy, the I2lh part of the diameter of thsJ 
 lun and moon. In Arithmetic, any number, 
 exprelTed by a fingle figure. 
 
 DIGITA'TED, AJj. [(rom dlgicus, Ln.} 
 branched out into divifions, refembling fin- 
 gers. In Botany, a digitated leaf, is one 
 which confifts of feveral fimple leaves grow- 
 ing on one footftalk, as, the cinquefoil ; or 
 that which has many deep gaflies, cuts, or 
 fegmeiiis, as the hoa, 
 
 DIGNIFICA'TION, S. the aft of con- 
 ferring honour ; the preferring to fome bo- 
 nourabie rank., 
 
 Di'GNIFIED, Adj. enjoying fame ho- 
 nour^.ble poft, rank, or preferment, applied 
 peculiarly to the clergy. 
 
 To DI'GNIFY, V. A. [digvus, Lat. wor- 
 thy, zndfado, to make] to advance, prefer, 
 or exalt to fome plate which demands honour 
 and reverence ; to honour ; to adorn ; tci 
 render refpeiStable. 
 
 DIGNiTA'RY, S. [from digr.;t.-.s, Lat.] 
 a clergyman advanced to fome office that has 
 not the cure of fouls. 
 
 DIGNITY, S. dlgnitas, Lat.] rank, 
 prefer.ijcnt, or poft ; grandeur, or a majeftic 
 appeardn^e. AmoF.g the Clergy, a promotion 
 or preffrment to which any jurifdiftion is 
 annexed. In Aftroiogy, applied to a planet 
 whivh is in any fign. 
 
 To Dl'GRESS, V. N. [digrsfus, of digre- 
 dior, Lat.j to dcfiart from the main fcope of a 
 dileourfe, or intention of en argument ; to 
 wander ; to go out of the tight way or com- 
 mon track ; to err; to deviate. 
 
 DlGRE'sSION, S. [digr^fio, Lat.j a 
 pafi'agc which has no connection with the 
 main fcopc of a djlcourfe ; deviation, or quie- 
 ting the true path. 
 
 DIKE, S. [die, or diet, Sax. diige, Dani 
 diick, Belg.j a channel made to receive we* 
 ter ; a mount to hinder inundations, or to 
 keep water from overflowing. 
 
 ToDILA'CERATE, V. A. [dilaciratvin,. 
 fupine of dilace/o] to tear ; to force ia twain j 
 to rend. 
 
 DIL.-^'CERATION, S. \Uom dilaceretiot 
 
 Lit. J the iit of forcing, tearing, or rcndin;. 
 
 ^ 'i'o DU.A'NJ.''iTE, V, A. [dUiniatum, fa- 
 
 y piae
 
 D I L 
 
 pine of dranie, Lat.] to tear; to rend in 
 pieces in a butcherly and favase manner, 
 
 DlLAPlDA'TiON, S. [dilafidut-.o, Lat.] 
 in Law, is where an incumbent oii a church 
 bep.,-fue, fuffers the parfonage-houfe, or the 
 cut-ljuufe, to fall down, or be in decay, for 
 want of necelV^ry reparation. It is likewife 
 applied to the pulling down any building", be- 
 longing to any fpiritu.;! living, or fuft'-ring 
 any wilful waiie upon the inheritance of the 
 cl'.urch. 
 
 UlLATABFLITV, S. {Uom d\latahk']\.\it 
 •uality ot adniitiing or fufiering extenfjon. 
 
 UlLA'TABi.E, Adj. [from d.latc\ that 
 wliich mav be ftretched or extended. 
 
 DILA'TATION, [from dUjfan'c, Lat.] 
 the aa of extending cr (Irttching into a 
 greater fpace. 
 
 To DiLA'TE, V. A. [di!at», Lat.] to ex- 
 tend, fpiead out, enlarge, or ftretch. Fig.u 
 ratively, to relate a thing with all its minute 
 circum'ftances. Neuteily, to grow wider; to 
 viden. 
 
 DILA'TOR, S, that which widens or 
 extends any pal'.age. 
 
 Dl'LATORIXliSS, S. [from dilatory] the 
 (Quality of deferring a thing from one time to 
 another throu(:h floth. 
 
 Dl'LATCRY, Adj. {d'lLto'.re, Fr. dilato- 
 r'lus, Lar.J putting oii' the doing of a thing 
 from time to time through floth. 
 
 DILE'MMA, S. [JiX/j.ujwa, Gr.] in Lo- 
 ric, an argument confiding of two cr more 
 propo.'itions, fodifpofed, that grant which you 
 will, vou will be preifed by the conclufion. 
 Figuratively, a difficult choice, or troublefome 
 alternative. 
 
 DlLl'GENCE, S. ldUigent!a,Lzt.] conftant 
 endf-avour ; unremitted la'jour, or praClice. 
 
 DILl'GENTLY, Adv. with tonftant la- 
 fcour, caution, and care- 
 
 DILU'CiD, Adj. \diluadus, Lat.] clear, 
 plain, pure, and tranfparent ; obvious ; eafy 
 to hf. uncerllood. 
 
 To DILU'CFDATF, V. A . [from diluci- 
 daius, o( di.'uiiJo, Lat,] to mske a propoiition 
 ele;*! anl eafy to be underftcod ; to explain ; 
 to free from obfcuriry. 
 
 DII-UCIDA'VION, S. [from dilucidatto, 
 Lat. J the making a fentence clear and eafy to 
 be nnderi^ood ; an explanation. 
 
 DILU'ENT, Ad;, [dihens, Lat.] having 
 the power to m.ike tbin, or attenuate. 
 
 DILU'LN r, S. [diluens, Lat.J that which 
 int'Itef thin or f'.uid. 
 
 • To DILUTE,- V. A. [duuium, fuplne of 
 '*i]hio, Lnt.J to make a hquor thin by the 
 mixture of fonte other; to weaken a liquor 
 bv mixii:g another 'wi h it; to render or 
 Ifnalte v^eak, applied to colours. To drink 
 often in order to quench thiirt, and promote 
 perfjiration. 
 
 DJ'LUTER, S: that which renders a body 
 iiqiiid ; or, if it were \o b-lore, that which 
 'reiiders it tkipner, gr xtiQXt liquid. 
 
 D I M 
 
 DIL'UTION, S. \dilutie, Lat.] the aft (*f 
 rea:iariiig a liquid more thin or weak, by the 
 addition of fome other, 
 
 D1LL"/IAN, Adj [from rf(/«i;iam, Lat.] 
 relating to, or re 'embling the deluge. " Sup- 
 (jofi that this di'.wj'tan lake fhould rife to the 
 to; s of the mountains." Burnet, 
 
 DiM, Aijj, [^d'tm, dimgesd, Sax, dimmur, 
 III. dy, Brit, doio. Arm. temnu, Rufl". tcmmi, 
 Sclav, tcmny, Boh. teman, Dal. J having lome- 
 thing which cbftrufts the fight, and hindert 
 it from feeing clearly. Figuratively, deprived 
 of its fplendor or brightnefs ; grown dark* 
 Dull of apprehenfion, applied to the mind. 
 
 To DIM, V. A. to darken, or obft:u£l the 
 fight, fo as to hinder it from feeing objefl* 
 in their full fplendor. Figuratively to make 
 lels bright ; to render darklAi, 
 
 DEME'NSION, S. [</;»;««>, Lat,] the ex- 
 tenfion of a body confideied as meafuredjfiae; 
 fpace contained in any body. The three di- 
 menfions are length, breadth, and thicknefs, 
 or depth," In Algebra, the powers of the 
 roots, or the values of the unknown quan» 
 lities of equations. 
 
 DIMEN'SIONLESS, Adj. without any 
 dimenfions ; of no certain bulk. 
 
 DI'MENSI VE, Adj. that which marks the 
 boundaries or out-lines ; that which defcribes 
 the meai'ure or fpace occupied by a body. 
 
 To DlMl'NISH, V, A. Idimlnuo, Lat.] to 
 make a thing lefs, by cutting off or deftioying 
 fome of its parts. Figuratively, to impair j 
 lelVen ; to degrade, or render lefs honourable. 
 Neuterly, to grow lefs or be impaired. 
 
 DIMl'NISHIN'GLY, Adv. in fuchaman- 
 ner as to detract from, or leffen the character 
 and reputation of another. 
 
 DIMINU'TION, S. dim'wutio, Lat.] the 
 a£l of rendering a thiag lefs, by cutting oft or 
 deflroying fome of its parts ; the fta e ot grow- 
 ing lefs either in bulk or weight. Figura- 
 tively, lofs, or catifing lofs of reputJti m or 
 dignity to another; difcredit. In Architecture, 
 the contradiction of a column as it afcends, 
 whereby its upper part is made fmaller ihaa 
 the lower, 
 
 DiMINU'TIVE, Adj. [diminuti-vus, Lat,J 
 fm.ill of lize, bulk, or dimenfions, 
 
 DIMINU'TIVE, S. in Grammar, a word 
 ufeo to express fmallnefs, or littienefs, 
 
 DIMINU'TIVELY, Adv. in a diminutive 
 or fmall manner, 
 
 DIMINU'TIV'ENESS, S, fmallnefs, ap- 
 plied to fi»e. Want of worth, applied to rank 
 or dignitv. 
 
 Di'MlSSORY, Adj. [i;'w>/roW«r, low Lat,] 
 that by which a perlon is difmilled to the. 
 iurifdiition of another. 
 
 DI'METTY, S.[damit!ei, 01 dimUtes,Yr.^ 
 a fort of cotton ftutt', very like fuliain. They 
 came originailv from Smyrna, 
 
 DI'MLY, Adv. {dmlic. Sax.] in a dull, 
 obfv.ure, dark ijianner ; without a clear per- 
 ception, applied w the fight or underftand- 
 
 jiig i
 
 D I O 
 
 ing ; deprived of its light, brightnefs, or 
 fplendor. 
 
 Dl'MNESS, S. [dimnes. Sax. dimm, and 
 deme,K\i{i.\ dulnefs ot fight. Want of ap- 
 prehenfion, applied to the mind. 
 
 DIM'PLE, S. [from dint, a hole, d'lntk, a 
 
 little hole, hence dimf/k'] a fmali hollow, or 
 
 finking of the i'urface of the cheek or chin. 
 
 To blM^PLE, V. N. to appear with little 
 
 hollows or jnqualities ot furface. 
 
 DIM'PLED, Pitt, or Adj. having dimples 
 in tlie cheek or chin. . 
 
 Dl'MFLY, Adv. full of dimples, or little 
 dents or inqualities of furface. 
 
 DIN, S. [dyn, ill. to thunder, dyn, Sax. a 
 noiiej a loud noife , a violent and continued 
 foiinc ; an uproar, or fliout. 
 
 To DIN, V, A, [dynan,Siy:. dyn,H\.'] to 
 ftun, or deafen witii trcquent noile and cla- 
 mour. 
 
 To DINE, V. N, \dhier, fr.] to eat one's 
 chief or fecond meal, about the middle of the 
 «ay. A£tjvely, to give a dinner. 
 
 DINL'TICAL, Adj. [?:virii;'.©',Gr.] mov- 
 ing round. " A ^ine/ica/ motion." Eroivn. 
 
 To DING, V. A. [preter dung; from diin- 
 gen, Teut.J to dafh with force or violence. 
 Neuterly, to blufter, bounce, huff, or become 
 infolent and imperious. *' He hufts and 
 dingiJ'^ ilijlory of J. Eull, A low word. 
 
 D'ING-DONG, S. a word by which the 
 found of b;lls is mimicked. " Ding, dong, 
 kell." Shak. 
 
 DINGLE, S. [a diminutive from den, or 
 «?;», Sax. holiowj a hollov/ betv/een hills j a 
 vale or dale. " Ding'e or buihy dell of this 
 Viild wood." Mi!t. 
 
 Dl'NING-ROOM, S. the principal apart- 
 ment of a houfe, whcr -in entertainments are 
 madd. 
 
 DlN'xVER, S. [dher, Fr] the chief meal, 
 or that which is eaten about the middle ot the 
 day. D'lnnf.r-tlme, is thit time of ihe ciay v/hen 
 people ufually dine. 
 
 DINT, S. [dynt, Sax. a ilrokej a blow or 
 flroke ; violsrce; force; power. 
 
 DINUMERA,'TiON,.S. \d>r.umerauo,'L3.X.'] 
 the a6l ot numbering out fuu'ly. 
 
 DlOCE'SAN, S. a Lifho'p confiJered in 
 the relation he fiands in to his inferior clergy. 
 DiO'CESE, S. [dlcKC'jh, of JiOiKnj-if, Gr.J 
 the circuit of eveiy biiliop's juriiii'ttion. 
 
 DiO'PTRIC, or DlO'PTRiCAL, Adj. 
 ft'rom ho-rl'.y.ui, Gr.J affording a medium 
 for the fi;ht, or afliiting the figiit in the view 
 of diflant objefts. 
 
 DIO'PTRICS, S, the fcience of refraQive 
 vifion, or that part of optics which confiders 
 the different refra<fl:iuns of light, in its paflage 
 through different mediums j as air, water, 
 glafs, &c. 
 
 DIORTHRO'SIS, S. [Gr. from ^100^^01, 
 to m.ilcc ftraight] a chirurgical oi'eration, by 
 which crooked or dillorted niembets are made 
 Crjight, ot tqduccd to thtir jiropci Jhapc, 
 
 D I R 
 
 To DIP, V. A. [paiticip. dipped or dipt i 
 from dippan. Sax. dy;:p(r, Dan. docpet:, Beljj.J 
 to put into any liquor lb as to cjvcr it there- 
 with J to moiflen, or wet ; to mort^iage, or 
 engage as a pledge or fecurity, " Never </<^ 
 thy lands." D^yd, Neuterly, to fink ; 10 
 immerge, or plunge into rny liquor ; to t.:ke a 
 curfory or flight view ; to read a p:ige or twd 
 in a book. " Upon dipping in the -'irft vo- 
 lume." Pope. To pitch upon, or take from 
 others by chance, or without celiber.itip' :. 
 *"' Suppofe — I dipp''d among tiis word, and 
 Statius chofe." Dryd. 'Co dye. < 
 
 DIPETA'LOUS, Adj. f from .^V and dr;- 
 T;i\cV; Gr.] in ootany,' applied to fuch flowerj 
 as have two leaves. 
 
 DI'PI-ITHONG, S. \y^-^'ioyy<^, Gr.] ths 
 joining two vo.vcls to^ctlicr, fa as to forr.i 
 one found. 
 
 Di'PLOE, S.in Anatomy, the inner plate, 
 or lamina of the ftciill. 
 
 DlPLO'MA, S. [h'ry.c.-y.'j., Gr ] a lefer, 
 or writing inferring fome pnviiejfe, or title ; 
 fo caileJ, bccaufc formerly written on w.;>;cd 
 tables, which were fo'.ded tojeilxi;!'. 
 
 . DITPER, S. one who dips in the water. 
 Figuratively, one that takes a ll ^ht or fuper- 
 ticial view of an autht>r. 
 
 DIPPl'NG-NEEOLE, S.. a long ftraight 
 piece of flee', eju.illy poifed on its cuntre, 
 and afterwards touched with a load-fione, fo 
 ontrived as to fv.ing in a vertical plans, 
 about an axis parallel to the hoiiion, in 
 order to difcover the exa£^ tendency of the 
 power of magnetlfm. It-wlis invented by 
 one Robert Norman, a compfs-.ijp.kiir, of 
 Wapping, in 1576, and v/as by Mr. Whi(!on. 
 applied to difcovet the longiitude, but without 
 fuccsfs. 
 
 Dl'PTOTE, S. [fiWTiJla, Gr.] in Gram- 
 mar, applied to fucti nouns as,hjve only tv.o 
 cafes. 
 
 DI'PTYCr-I, S. }diptycha, Lat.] a regifler 
 of bilhcps and martyrb. " The conr-.memo- 
 ration 01 faints was made out oi the diptych,'" 
 SiUilingji. 
 
 DIRE, Adj. \diru%, Lat.] dreadful, ot 
 afl'etlin? a beholder wi.n h(>!ror. 
 
 DIRE'CT, Adj. [,/-rfff//5, Lat.] flraight. 
 In Aftro^omy, appearing to the eye to movs 
 progrefiively through the Zodiac, oppofed to 
 retrograde. In Pedigree or Genealogy, ftom 
 grandfather, to giandfon, fe'r, oppofoo to tc'r 
 lateial. See DESCENT, i'lain j 'open in 
 fpeech. 
 
 To DIRE'CT, V. A. [direSibm, fupine of 
 dirigo, Lat J to go in a flr.ijght liiif ; to aim 
 or point againft as a markj to regulate, or 
 adjull J to prefcribe mcafures, or a ccrtiitt 
 courfe 5 to order. To dire^ a leticr, is ^o 
 write the petfon'o name and a', ode en the 
 outfiie, to whom it is to be carried. 
 
 DiRE'CTION, S. [dWeai'j, Lat.] ten- 
 
 dcjicy or aim at a certain point 5 moiivn iin» 
 
 pttflfd by a cettajn impulfe 3 ordc.s ; coni- 
 
 Y a mand \
 
 D I S 
 
 fiiind ; tlie fuperfcription of a tetter, or par- 
 cel, an inA)rmation given to a perfon to find 
 out a place. 
 
 DIRE'CTIVE. Adj. having the power of 
 direding, informing, or /hewing the way. 
 
 DIRE'CTLY, Adv. in a ftraight line j 
 without going about ; immediately j prefently; 
 focin. Without delay, applied to time. With- 
 out ciicumlocution cr evafions, applied to 
 language, or argument. 
 
 DIRE'CTNESS, S. the quality of pro- 
 ceeding in, or not deviating troiu, a ftraight 
 line ; the neareft wav. 
 
 DIRE'CTOR, S.'fLat.] one who prefides 
 in an aflembly or public company } one who 
 is intrul^ed with the guidance, fuperinten- 
 dence, or management of any defign, or work. 
 Fijiuratively, a perfon vho regulates the con- 
 dufl of another ; an ir,firu£lor j one who is 
 confulted in cafes of conftience. In Surcery, 
 an inflrument ufed to guide the hand in fome 
 operation. 
 
 DlRE'CTORV, S. that which direfls; a 
 book publifhed by the non-conformifts, to 
 regulate the behaviour and rites of their 
 brethren in divine worfhip, 
 
 Dl'REFUL, Adj. lull of terrorj very terri- 
 ble ; dlfmal. 
 
 DI'REFULNESS, S, the quality which 
 affedts the mind with dread on the fight of 
 fome ghafily or terrible objefl. 
 
 DIRCE, S. a mournful fong fung at the 
 funeral of perfons ; the name of the ftrvice 
 uferi for dead oerfons in the Romifh church. 
 
 DKRIGENT, Part, or Adj. [dirigens, 
 Lat.J in Geometry, applied to a line, along 
 ^hich the line which defcribes any thing 
 moves. 
 
 DIRK, 8. a kind of a dagger ufed in the 
 Highlands of Scotland. 
 
 DIRT, S. [dr:,!!, Belg. dirt, Iflan. dier, 
 Brii.J mud ; or the filth, which is found in 
 ftrcets or highways; any thing which foils. 
 Figuratively, meannefs. 
 
 DFRTILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to 
 daub or foil. Figuratively, di/honeftly ; mean- 
 ly ; fiiamefnlly. 
 
 Di'RTINESS, S. filthinefs ; foulnefs. Fi- 
 gurativelv, difhonefty ; meannefs ; bafeiiefs. 
 
 DI'RTY, Adj. foul ; daubed ; or made 
 rafty with dirt. Figuratively, difhoneft ; 
 jnear. j bafe. 
 
 To DI'RTY, V. A. to foil ; to fmear or 
 diub with dirt. Figuratively, to fcandalize, 
 or difgrace. 
 
 DIRU'PTION, S. the z€i of burfting or 
 breaking afunder, 
 
 DIS, an infeparable particle, ufed in com- 
 Bofition, and implying a negation or priva- 
 tion. Thii!, to UKiCe, is to join the fcvcral 
 parts tope her, fo a? to form one body ; but 
 to difun'it;, is to feparate them, fo as to make 
 thetia become fo many diftindt bodies. 
 
 DISA'EILITY, S'. [from d\fc!^U\ the want 
 of fufficient power to accompliih any defiyi 3 
 
 D I S 
 
 or want of fufiicient abilities Xjt underrtand 
 .iny propofition or doftrine j want of prope; 
 qualifications. 
 
 To DISA'BLE, V. A. to deprive of na- 
 rural force or power ; to weaken. Figura- 
 tively, to impair or diminilh. " I have dif- 
 aH'.d mine eflate," Shak. To render in- 
 aftive or unfit for a£tion. " A great fieet 
 dljabled for two months." ferrph. To rob 
 of power, influence, efficacy, ufefulnefs, or 
 pleafure. " Worfe than age d'lfabU your 
 delights." D'-yd. To render a perfon unfit, 
 or exclude hini from an office, for wanting 
 tlie proper qualifications. 
 
 ToDhSABU'SE, V. A. to free a perfon 
 from fome miftakeor error ; to undeceive. 
 
 DISACCOMMODA'TION, S. the ftate 
 of being unfit or unprepared. 
 
 To DISACCORD, V. A. to difagree. 
 
 D1SADVA'NTAGE,S. the want of fame, 
 credit, honour, cr any thing neceffary to give 
 a perfon a pre-eminencej lofs j injury ; a 
 ftate unprepared for d';fence. 
 
 DISADVANTA'GEOUS, Adj. contrary 
 to interefl or profit ; contrary to convenience j. 
 unfavourable. 
 
 DISADVANTA'GEOUSLY, Adv. in 
 fuch a manner as is inconfiftent with intereft 
 or profit; in a manner not favourable, or fuit- 
 able to any u.i'eful end. 
 
 DISADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, S. oppo- 
 fition or contrariety to profit, convenience, or 
 intereft. 
 
 To DISAFFEC'T, V. A. to alienate, turn 
 afide, or weaken the affeftions of a perfon. 
 
 DiSAFFE'CTED, Part, or A.-*j. alienated ; 
 having loft all alTeftion or zeal for a perfon 
 or intereft. Generally apolied vo thcfc who 
 are enemies to an eftablifliment or govern- 
 ment. 
 
 DISAFFE'CTEDLY, Adv. in a difloyal 
 manner. 
 
 piSAFFE'CTEDNESS, S, the quality of 
 being no friend or well-wiflier to an eftaBlifli- 
 ment or government. 
 
 DISAFFE'CTION, S. v/ant ef zeal for 
 the government, or ardour for a reigaing 
 prince. 
 
 DISAFFIRMANCE, S. a confutation, or 
 the deniil of fomsthing 'affirmed. '' A de- 
 monftration in difijfir»:anc( Q\ any thing that 
 is a.ffirmed." Ha e. 
 
 To DISAFFOR'EST, V. A. to throw open 
 to common ufe; to render from thepMvile£es 
 of a foreft to that of c-mmnn ground. 
 
 To DISAGRE'E, V. N. to differ with 
 refpeft to qualities ; to dii^'cr with lefpeit to 
 iipinion ; to be in a ftjte of oppofition. 
 
 DlS.'VGREE'ABLE, Adj. contrary to, or 
 inconfiftent with ; urpleafing to the tafte, 
 fight, cr other fcnfcs. 
 
 DlSAGREE'ASLENESS, S. unfultable- 
 nefs J unpleafantnefs 3 offenfiveneis to the 
 fenfes- 
 
 DISAGREETWENT, S. difiVcnce of qua- 
 
 lijxe* J
 
 D I S 
 
 fitlej; contrariety of fentimcnts ; coatentlon 
 or ftrife. 
 
 To DISALLOW, N. A. to deny the au- 
 thority of a perfon or thing j to confider as 
 unlawful ; to cenfure j or refufe counte- 
 nancing an action. Neuterly, to refuie per- 
 miflion ; to deny, or not to grant. 
 
 DISALLOW ABLE, Adj. that which is 
 not fuff-red, permitted, owned, or counte- 
 nanced. 
 
 DISALLOWANCE, S. the refufal of 
 perrrifTion or countenance j the looking on a 
 thijig as unlawful. 
 
 To DISA'NCHOR, V. A. to drive a Jhlp' 
 from its anchor. 
 
 To DISA'NIMATE, V. A. to ki;i, or 
 deprive oi life. Figuratively, to difcour^age, 
 or difhearten. 
 
 DISANIMA'TION, S. the lofs of life ; 
 death. " ArTedtions which depend on life, 
 and depart upon dijanimation.'''' Br<i'w», 
 
 ToDlSANNU'L, V. A. to annul, to de- 
 prive of authcrity ; to abolifh ; to difallow. 
 
 To DISAPFE'AR, V. N, to be loft to 
 view, or out of fi;;ht ; to vanifh out of fight. 
 
 To DISAPPOINT, V. A. to hinder a 
 perfon from enjoying or receiving what he 
 expected ; to frudrate an expeifcation, 
 
 DISAPPOI'N TMENT, S. tne not re- 
 ceiving a thint: cxpefted. 
 
 DISAPPROBA'TION, S. an aft of dif- 
 llke, ariling from fo.T.ething difagreeable to 
 a perfon's tafte, or not confiftent with his 
 choice or judgment. 
 
 To DISAPPROVE, V. A. [dljappr<yvev, 
 Fr.] to diflike ; to fhew that a thing war.is 
 merit to enj^see our love, or fectire efteem. 
 
 To DISA'RM, V. A. [d>farmer, Fr.J to 
 take away arms from a per'on, 
 
 ToDISARRA-y, V. A. to undrefs ; or 
 pull off a psrfon's cloaths. *' The witch they 
 dijarreiyd.^'' Fairy S^ucen. 
 
 DISARRA'V, S diforderjconfufionjlofs 
 of order in liaitle ; undrefs. 
 
 DISA'STER, S, [defrjlre, Fr.] misfor- 
 tune; an incident occiii.ning grief, by its 
 being unexpedted snd unnclcrvdH. 
 
 DISA'STROUS ,Adj. unlucky; unfortu- 
 nate ; calamitous j or aiflifled by the hap- 
 pening of fome luoden and unexpected mif- 
 forturvs. 
 
 DISA'STROUSLY, Adv. in an unlucky, 
 unfortunate, or ilili(fling manner. 
 
 To DISAVOU'CH, V. A. to refufe ; de- 
 ny ; or dilown, " They flatly ^//iiTouc/j — to 
 yield him mere obedience." Daniel. 
 
 To DISA VO'\V,V. A. to difown ; to deny 
 the knowledge of a perion or thing ; to refute 
 concurring in a defign or undertaking ; to lay 
 alide, decline, or abhor. 
 
 DISAVO'WED, S, denial; difowing ; 
 abhorrence, 
 
 DISAVO'WMENT, S. denial. 
 To DiSAUTKORlZE, V. A. to leffen 
 the credit of a thing, or render it fufpicious. 
 
 B I S 
 
 " Infufficlent to difautborife a note grounded 
 upon ihf. final intention of nature." yFctto't, 
 
 To DISBa'ND, V. .:. to difmifs from aa. 
 army; to difocnd fulJlers. Fij;i!'-i:v.ly, to 
 difcharge from fervtce, or annihilate. Neu- 
 terly, to quit the f^rvice of the a.-my, to break 
 up or feparate. 
 
 ToDISDA'RK, V. A. {aV-^rnuer,?-.^ to 
 brin^ to land from a fhio ; to^put on fhore 
 -rom fome vtifel. See DEh.iRK. 
 
 piSBELlF.'F, S, refufal o:" giving .ifient to 
 a thing whicii is piopofed to be believed. 
 
 To DISBELIE'VE, V^, A, to with-hold 
 or refufe alEcnting to £ thing prop.cfcd as 
 true ; tj deny the truth of a doctrine or 
 profofition, 
 
 DiS'SELIE/VER, S. one who refufes to 
 aflent to a thing propofec to him as trus ; one 
 ho retules to believe a truUi or doitrim;; an 
 infidel. 
 
 To DISBRANCH, V. A. to fepar.ite or 
 cut off a branch from a tree. Figuratively, 
 to disjoin or feparate. " She. that herfclf 
 will (livCr and dljbrancb from her maternal 
 fap." Shak. 
 
 To DISBUD, V. A. in Gardening, to 
 take away fuch blanches or twigs, as are 
 newly put forth and ill-placed. 
 
 To DIS lU'RDEN, V. A. to free from 
 any preffmg and tioublefomc weight or load } 
 to clear from any impediment; to communi- 
 cate one's afflictions to another, and thereby 
 leilen their preffure. " Difiurdcn all thy cares 
 on me." Aldif. Neuterly, to eafc the mind 
 of fome prefling affliction. 
 
 To DISBL'/RSE, V. ^.[debourfer, Fr,] to 
 fpend or lay on'' money, 
 
 DISBU'RSEMENT,S. [dehourjemenc, Fr.] 
 the fpcndingor laying out money. 
 
 DISBL'''RSER, S, one that lays out mo- 
 ney, or defrays the expences of an under- 
 taking. 
 
 To DISCA'NDy, V. A. to diffolveor melt. 
 " To dtjcan-^y, melt their fwcets." t^hak. 
 
 To DISCa'RD, V. A. to difcharge from 
 any fervice or employment. To refufe any 
 turJier acquaintance, applied to lovers. 
 
 DISCA'RNATE, Adj. [from ^aand cara, 
 Lac. fleih, fcarna:o, Ita).] ftripped of fl^rti. 
 " A memory, like a fjpjJchre, furniP.icd 
 with a load of broken and djcumaie bo.ies." 
 Glan. 
 
 To DISCA'SE, V. A. to pull off one's 
 cloaths ; to (<rip, " I will dilcaf! me." Sij.jli, 
 
 ToDI'SCLRiN', V. A. (dljcemo, L:Lt.] to 
 delcry, difcwv^r, or perceive i-y llii; i\^\it ; to 
 dillingiiilh ; to make a dirtindion or difference 
 neiween. 
 
 DI/SCERNER, S. a difcoverer ; o.- one 
 who defcries ; a judge ; ont; capable of dif- 
 liiigulftiinp, or perceiving the differences of 
 things, 
 
 DISCE/RNICLE, Adj, that which may be 
 feen or difcovered by the eye, or judgment ; 
 diftinguilhable j apparent. 
 
 V 3 DIS-
 
 D I S 
 
 DISCE'RNIBLENESS, S. the pofliblllty 
 cf being dilcovered by the light, or percejveu 
 by the :r.iad. 
 
 DISCE'RNII^LY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 ii miy be diliiivui/iied or perceived. 
 
 DISCIi'RKlNG, Part, or Adj. having the 
 power (;f making a diftiniTcion between things, 
 or cercf iving ihofe quahtits or properties in 
 which they differ ; judicious. 
 
 DISCE'RNINGLY, Adv. with difcretion 
 or pru'.encs, arifinji from a knowledge of the 
 quah'.ics in which things or perfons diTer 
 from each other. 
 
 DliCEi^xN'MENT, S. judgment ; or the 
 pcwer 0.'' difli.^guili■lii^g thi; qualities in which 
 things or per.Oar.s differ fioia each other. 
 
 ToDlSCKA'RGE, V. A. [decharga; Fr.] 
 to free from any load or employ nunc ; to turn 
 aw.ny from a fervice, or out of a poft. Figura- 
 tively, to fhoot oil a gun ; to clear or pay a 
 Cebt ; to i'lce froai an obligation j jto clear 
 fror.i"ari accafdiion ; to perform or execute an 
 office J to difoand an army, or difmifs from 
 attend-ncc. 
 
 DlSCllA'RGE, S. vent; explofion ; the 
 niattcr vented ; the dilappearance, vanifning, 
 or defiroying of aco'.oTirj difmiffion from an 
 office, or employment ; the payment of a 
 debt; performance of a duty ; exemption, or 
 acquittance ; or the adl of freeing or clearing a 
 inan from an acciifation. 
 
 DISCHA'RGER, S. one who performs a 
 duty ; xnal^es a payment ; difmiflcs a fer- 
 vant J frc: s from attendance or captivity 5 or 
 fires a pun. 
 
 DISCi'PLE, S. [Jifcipulus, Lit.] a fcho- 
 Jar, or one who attends the lectures, and 
 profiles the tenets ot another. 
 
 DiSCI'PLESHIP, S. the ftate or condition 
 of a fcholar, or one who tollows the princi- 
 ples of any pai titular teacher. 
 
 DISCl'PLINABLE, Adj. [difclpUr.ahUh, 
 Lat.j capable of inftruftion or improvement j 
 fit to ht puniihed for not attending to the 
 inftrutlions of a mafter. 
 
 DiSClPLI'NABLENESS, S. capacity of 
 receiving, and improving by inflrudtioii. 
 
 _ D.SCIFLINA'RIAN, Adj. belonging to 
 difcipline. 
 
 • DISClPLINA'RIAN, S. one who rules or 
 teiches with great ihidnefs or rigour ; one 
 who will not permit a perf.in to diviate fom 
 his do£trine ; a diilenttr, fo called Irom iheii 
 fuppofi-d clamour apir,ft<he church, for want 
 ol rifidncfs in its difcipline. 
 
 Dl'SCiPLINARY, Adj. {dijdplwa, Lit.] 
 hetongiiif; to difcij line, or a regular courfe of 
 jnnrur'.ion or educ.ition. 
 
 DI'SClPLlIvE, S. [diJcipUna, Lat.] in- 
 .ftiu^ion, education, or the method taken to 
 adorn the mind, and irifufe viituous habits. 
 Fij.ur.jttvc!y, rule or meth»d of government ; 
 rriilit?.ry Older, government, maxims, or re- 
 t;ui,>.'iicns ; a ftate of fubjeilion or obedience; 
 ■i: I ihinjj taught : a doflrinC; art, or fciencej 
 
 D I S 
 
 puflfiiment, correai.m, or chaftifmcnt for 
 tranfgrefling the rul--s of conduft, or neglc£l- 
 ing to make a proper ufe of inftru£tion. 
 
 To DI'SCIFLINE, V. A. to communi- 
 cate the rudiments of learning ; to inftrudl 
 or educate; to regulate, or keep in order ; to 
 punifti, cortefl, or rhaftife for breach of com- 
 ma;;J, or ne^L-ft of inftru£tion ; to reform, or 
 advance in inrtruftion or knowledge. " /.);/'- 
 cipiind—isom (hanowy types to truth." Milt. 
 To UlSCLA'iM, V. A. to difown ; to 
 deny having any knowledge of, or acquaint- 
 ance with ; to withdraw a claim ; to re- 
 nounce. 
 
 DISCLA'IMER, S. one who difcowns or 
 renounces. \n Ljw, a plea containing an 
 exprefs denial or refufal. 
 
 To DiSCLO'SE, V. A. [difchdo, Lat.j 
 to uncover or difcover a thing which nas been 
 hid ; to reveal what fliould be, or ib, hid or 
 fecret. 
 
 DiSCLO'SER, S. one who difcoversfome- 
 thing hidden, or reveals fome fecret. 
 
 DISCLO'SURE, S. the making a thing 
 feen, which was hidden from fight ; the re- 
 vealing a fecret. 
 
 To DISCC'LOUR, V. A. to fpoil the 
 colour of a thing ; to flain, or daub. 
 
 DISCOLOURA'TJON, S. a ftain, or 
 change of colour for the worfe. 
 
 To DISCOM'PIT, V. A. [dejcorf.t, Fr. 
 A'^'J/^f "'^j It^hJ to overcome, beat, or over- 
 throw ; to rout an enemv in b.ittij. 
 
 DISCOM'MT, S. a defeat ; a rout, or 
 overthrow of an enemy. 
 
 DiSCOMTITURE, S. overthrow ; de- 
 feat ; rout; ruin. Ufcd in tie followmg 
 fentcnce inflead oi d.Jcor:fcrt, but imprcpcily. 
 *' What a defeat ana dijcomf.tuie it is to man, 
 when he comes to get his wealth, to find it 
 all falfe rrietal." Gwv, of the 'Tci.gue. 
 
 DISCOM'FORT, S. a great' degree of 
 uneafinefs ; melancholy ; defpair j or lofs of 
 comfort. 
 
 To DISCOMTORT, V. A. to make a 
 pert'on uneafy ; to grieve, afflifl, fadden, or 
 deprive of comfort. 
 
 DISCOMFORTA'BLE, Adj. refufing 
 comfort, or rejcfling conlolaiion ; occafioning 
 fadnefs or melancholy. 
 
 ToDISCOMME'ND, V. A. to blame j 
 difapprove, or rcnfure. 
 
 DISCOMME'NUACLE, Adj. deferving 
 blame or cenfure. 
 
 DiSCOMMENDA'TiON, S. blame ; cen- 
 fuie ; repro.Ach. 
 
 DISCOMME'NDER, S. one who blames 
 or cenfures. 
 
 _, To DISCOMMO'DE, V. A. to put to an 
 inconvenience ; to rumple or diforder drefs. 
 
 DJSCOMMO'DIOUS, Adj. inconvenient; 
 attended wiih iro'.ible ; diffletrfmg. 
 ; DISCOMMO'DITY. S. inconvenience ; 
 difacvjntage ; hurt or mifciiiuf. 
 ' To' DiSCUAJi'O'JjE^ flrotnaf/i an3 com-
 
 D I S 
 
 pcjltum, fupine of compono, Lat.] to put into 
 confulion or dilorderj to ruffle, applied to the 
 temper or mind ; to rumuk cloaths j to vex ; 
 to tret. 
 
 UlSCOMPO'SURE, S. diforder, perturba- 
 tion, or difquiet of mind, arifing I'rom lome 
 difagreeable or afflifting circumftance. 
 
 To DISCONCE'RT, S. to unfettle, dlf- 
 ©rder, or difcompofe the mind ; to frufl:rate or 
 defeat an undertaking or defign. 
 
 DlSCONFO'RMl TY, S. wantof agree- 
 ment ; inconfiftency ; or oppofition of fenti^ 
 ments. 
 
 DISCONGRU'ITY, S. difagreement 3 dif- 
 ference ; inconfi .fancy. 
 
 DIbCON'SOLATE, Adj. without com- 
 fort; wiibout hope; melancholy; or griw- 
 ed on account of lome afilidtion, and rtfaiing 
 com Tort, 
 
 LMSCON'SOLATELY, Adv. in a com- 
 fortjefs manner. 
 
 DISCON'SOLATENESS, S. the (late of 
 a f.-erron under affiiftion ; refufing comfort. 
 
 DISCONTE'NT, S. want of content ; be- 
 ing unfatisli^d with one's prefent condition. 
 
 DiSCONTE'NTED, Adj. unealy ; unfa- 
 tiefied with one's prefent condition ; male- 
 jfolent. 
 
 DISCONTE'NTEDNESS, S. uneafinefs ; 
 the not being pleafed or fatisfied with one's 
 prefent condition ; the not approving of or 
 receiving a ftiil fatisfadion at the fight of an 
 • l.jedt. 
 
 JDISCONTE'NTMENT, S. the ftate of 
 being didaiisfied or iineafy. 
 
 DISCONTl'NUANCE. S. want of union 
 or aohefion ; the feparation of the parts of any 
 body. CelTalion : intermiflion ; or flop, ap- 
 plied to a£lion. In Law, an interruption, or 
 the breikin? off fomething begun. 
 
 DISCONTINUATION, S. the breaking 
 the continuity ; breach ot union, or feparation 
 ef the parts of a thing. 
 
 To DISCONTINUE, V.N. [difiontinuer, 
 Fr.J to break oft"; to feparate; to lofe an 
 eilabli/hed privilege or cuftom. A£lively, to 
 leave oft; to ceale from any a£lion which is 
 begun ; to interrupt. 
 
 DISCON T IN U'lT Y, S. want of cohefion ; 
 breaking oft" union. 
 
 Dl'SCORD, S. [dif,ord!a, Lat.] a fiate 
 
 D I S 
 
 DISCORDANCE, or DISCORDANCY, 
 
 S. difagreement; oppofition; inconfiftency. 
 
 DISCO'RDANT, Adj. {dijcordans, Lat.] 
 inconQftent; difiigreeing or at variance witli 
 itfelf ; oppofite or contrary ; not conformable 
 to a rule. 
 
 DISCO'RDANTLY, Adj.lnfuch a man- 
 ner as to be at variance, or inconfiftent witli 
 itfelf. Not harmonizing or agreeing witli 
 each other, applied to founds ; peeviftily. 
 
 To DiSCO'VER, V. A. [deco:'.'v,lr,¥t.'\ 
 to make a thing feen by removing the co- 
 vering which concealed it from fight ; to 
 make known ; to find out fomething un- 
 known ; to difclofe, or bring to light lome- 
 thing which is fectet, and endeavoured to be 
 kept To. 
 
 DISCO'VERABLE, Adj. that v/hich may 
 be found out either by application of ths 
 mind, or foine of the external fenles ; appa- 
 rent ; obvious. 
 
 DISCO'VERER, S. one who finds out a 
 thing, place, or pofition, not known before. 
 
 DISCO'VER Y, S. the ad of finding out 
 any thing hidden ; ihevving any thing con- 
 cealed or covered ; or revealing any thing 
 fecret. 
 
 To DISCOU'NSEL, V. A. to diffuade ; 
 to turn afide Irom any vice, undertaking, or 
 perfualion. " Him — from that vanity — with 
 temperate advice dijccwjelLd.''' Mill. 
 
 Dl'SCOUNT, S. a fum allowed a perfon 
 for payment, before the' biii or debt beco.Ties 
 due, which is generally as much as the in- 
 terefb would amount to for the Ipace the bill 
 has to run from the tme- of pajment, or of 
 making that allowance. 
 
 To DISCOU'NT, V. A. to give a perfon 
 ready money for a bill before due, allowing 
 intereft for the time which it has to run ; to 
 allow or abate a perfon a certain fum for 
 prompt payment, on the purchale of any com- 
 modity. 
 
 To DISCOU'NTENANCE, V. A. to dif- 
 courage by cold treatment, or indifference ; t9 
 (hew one'i difapprobation of any meadire, by 
 coldnefs of behaviour, or by taking fuch me- 
 thods as may (ieteat it. Figuraturcly, to aoafli, 
 or put to fliame. 
 
 DISCOU'NTENANCE, S. coldnefs or 
 indifference of treatment and behaviour ; uu- 
 
 wherein perfons mutually endeavour to hurl i'rienJIy alpedt or re^^ard 
 
 each other, and are loft: to all the tender fen 
 timerits ot humanity and benevolence ; dif- 
 agicemsnt. Eigurativdy, difterence, con- 
 trariety, or oppofition of qualities. In Mu- 
 iic, the relation of two founds which are in 
 themfelvtts dilagreeable, whether applied in 
 fuccefiion or confequence. If two fimple 
 notes, when founded together, make a mix- 
 ture, or compound found, which is difagree- 
 able t(i the ear, it is called a dijcord. 
 
 To DISCO'RD, V. N. [d.jccrdo, L^t.] to 
 
 LISCOU'NTEN ANCER, S. one who dif- 
 courages by cold iieatrnent, by an untavour- 
 able afped, or by want of warm unJ cotoial 
 af.'iclion. 
 
 To DISCOU'RACE, V. A. to difhear- 
 ten ; to deprive ot courage 01 vigour ; to deter 
 from any attempt; ufed wirh/;xw, and loi* 
 properly with to. *' D:Jcourcge them to ftay 
 with you." I'en.pk. 
 
 DISCOU'RAGER, S. one who Hamps rr 
 checks the courage or vigour of a peifon ; 
 
 dirj^rcc ; to produce a d'fagreeable ana un- who deters or lii^uteiis a perlon iio.-n 
 }),eilinj founJ when joined tOi^etheE. 
 
 1 attempt. 
 ^ 4 
 
 DIS-
 
 D I S 
 
 DISCOU'RAGEMENT, S. the aft of 
 fright ning or deterring a perfon from any 
 attempt, by reprefenting the dangers attend- 
 ing it, or by involving him in uifiicjlties ; 
 jny impediment or difficulty which lenders a 
 perfon unwilling to undertake or actoinplifli 
 3 delign. 
 
 PISCOU'RSE, S. [from difcours, Ft. of 
 (i'tfcuifus, Lat,] in LcgiC) an adt or operation 
 of the mind, whereby it p.oceeds from a 
 thing known to one unknown, or from pre- 
 mifes to confequences j cdnverratioii or lalk, 
 wherefh perfojis mm ually convey the.r iJeas 
 or fentimen;s to each other ; fpeech j a trea- 
 tife or dificrtation written or uttered. 
 
 To DISCCU/RSE, V. N. t-) converfe or 
 talk with another j to treat a fubjcft in a 
 folemn or fct manner ; to reafon or proceed 
 f*om proporuioiis to their confequences. 
 
 DISCOU'RSER, S. a fpeaker, cr writer 
 on any fubjeft. 
 
 DISCOU'RSIVE, Adj. paffing, or ad- 
 vancing from a known thing to ar; unknown, 
 cr from premifes to conf&qutinces ; partaking 
 pf the natuie of dialogue or converfation. 
 
 DISCOL'^RTEOUS, Adj. void of civ'lity, 
 or complailance. 
 
 DlSCOU^RTESy, S. an aft of rudenefs, 
 difrefpecV, or incivility. 
 
 _ DISCO'URTEOUSLY, Adv. in an uii- 
 Civii or rude mann'.T. 
 
 Dl'SCOUS, Adj. in Botany, applied to 
 fuch flowers as confift of many lloteis, totm- 
 ing a broad, plain, or fiat furiace, fuch as the 
 Jios fo/is, CiJ'c, ' 
 
 DISCRE'DIT, S. [Jis and crtdif, ti,Jcre- 
 ditir, Fr.J difgrace \ ignominy j infamy j ,or 
 that which involves a perfon in /liame or in- 
 famy ; the imputation of a fault, which kilcns 
 the tame ot a perfon, and deprives him of the 
 ^ eftrem he erioyrd before. 
 
 To DiSCRE'PlT, V. A. [dljatdiier, Fr.J 
 to rieftroy the reputation of a perfon or thing; 
 to render a thing fufpicious which is bclievei! 
 to be true ; to hinder a rumour from fpiead- 
 ing, by /hewing it to be falfe. 
 
 DISCREET Adj. [Fr. oUljcretui, Lat.] 
 able to dilHrgui/h, and taking time to dif- 
 tingu:i]i between thiBgs and their confjquen- 
 ces ; afting with prudence and caution j mo- 
 defl ; not forward, 
 
 _ DISCREETLY, Adv. prudently ; cau- 
 tioufly; in fuch a manner as flie^vs delibera- 
 tion and regard for the difKrEnces of things 
 an 1 their conffC,uences. 
 
 DISCREETNESS, S. the qu-liiy of aft- 
 ing agreeable to the differences or nature of 
 things j a cofldufl guided by deliberation and 
 prulence. 
 
 DISCRETE, A'ij. [dljcrttu,, Lat.] applied 
 to quantity ; that wnich is not continufd or 
 joined together ; fej arate ; diriinO. Applied 
 to propofitions fuch as cont<iin truths or Icnti- 
 menis fet in con: raft to each other, and Joined 
 by a dilcfciive ccnjuntlion, as^ " i rtjign my 
 
 D I S 
 
 iljc, but not my honour,^'' is a difcreti propoG- 
 tion. Dtjcrete proportions is when ths ratio 
 between two pairs of numbers, or quantities, 
 is the fame ; bu: the proportion btt^veen all 
 the four numbers is r.ct the fame. Thus 
 8 ; 8 ; : 3 : 4, the ratio between 6 and 8 is 
 the fame as that between 3 snd 4 ; but 6 is 
 not to 8 as 3 is to 4, and therefore the pro- 
 portion is not continued between all the four 
 numbers as in tne continued proportionals, 
 3:6: : 12 ! 24. 
 
 DiSCRLTlON, S. [decreiio, Lat.] pru- 
 dent behaviour, arifing from a knowledge of, 
 and a£ling agreeable to, the difference of 
 things. Figuratively; an uncontrouled power, 
 or one which is to be limited by no conditions. 
 " I-ie furrenders at dijcraion.^' 
 
 PISCRETJONARY, Adj. left to a£k 
 without any other lellraint or guide, than a 
 pcrfon's ov/n pru.ience and difcietion. 
 
 DISCRETIVE, Adj. [Iijcretui, Lat.] in 
 Logic, applied to fuch propolitions wherein 
 various and feeming oppofite judgments are 
 made, which are noted by the particles tut, 
 though, yet; as, "France was besten in all 
 parts of the world ; though (he behaved with 
 all the haughiinefs of a conqueror." Iij 
 Grammar, applied to fuch conjunftions as 
 imjly a contralt or oppofuicn, '* Not a bcalt, 
 but a man." 
 
 DISCRI'MINABLE, Adj. diflinguilhablc 
 by fome outward marks. 
 
 To DISCRI'MJNATE, V. A. yijcrmtm, 
 Lat.j to dirtinguifh or n^ark with ibme note, 
 which fliews a diflcrence j to feparate or feisft 
 as different. 
 
 DISCRPMINATENESS, S. diftinaion : 
 or obvious dilfeience, which renders a repa- 
 ration and diftin£fioiJ eafy. 
 
 DiSCRl'MlNATION, S. [dijcrlminatio, 
 Lat.] the date of a thing feparated from 
 othtri, and diftinguifhed tor peculiar ufes; 
 difliii£\ion, or tiie method of teC.ifying the ■ 
 coiifcioufnefi a perfon has of the difference 
 between certain things j the notes or marks 
 which .iifiini.uiih things fiorii each other. 
 
 DISCRl'iVIINATIVE, A<i'y ijiat which 
 conititutes, or which has regard to the dif- 
 icrence between tjiir^-s. 
 
 piSCRl'MlNOUi, Adj. [(torn dijai men, 
 Lat. danger] full of danger. " Spilling oi 
 blood imports a very dijcrimiitoui ftate." 
 Har-vey. 
 
 DiSCU'MBENCY, S. [difcumbem, Lat.] 
 the i€t or poflure of lying aicng at nieais, al- 
 ter the Romdn manner. " Tiie Giceks and 
 Remans ufed the cuflom of difciunbtncy at 
 meals." Broiun. 
 
 To DISCU'MEER, V. A. [from dh and 
 cumhc, or ufed, by poi'tical licence, for dij- 
 encumber] to difengage or fiee from any thing 
 which is a lead, or hinders a perfon from a 
 free a'e of his limbs. "The limbs dijcum- 
 bered ixQxn ihec'inginE veft." Fcpe. 
 
 DISCU'RSIVE, Adj. [d:jcurj/, Fr.J in 
 perpetual
 
 D I S 
 
 perpetual motion or agitation. In Lo^ic, pro- 
 ceeding from things known, to things un- 
 knowa. 
 
 DiSCUR'SIVELY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to deduce one thing from another, or 
 a thina; unknown from on2 that is known. 
 
 DlSCUll'SORY, AHj. [difcurjor, Lat.j 
 deducing things unknown from thofe which 
 are known ; argumentative. 
 
 DIS'CUS, S. [Lat.J in Antiquity, a round 
 Aield confecrated to the memory of fome 
 hero, and hufig up in temples in commemo- 
 ration ot fome great exploit. Likewife an 
 inrtrument ufed by the Romans in tiieir 
 games, which is io varioufly defciibed by 
 oifferent authors, that it if not eafy to deter- 
 mine what it was ; but the general opinion 
 is, that it refemoled our quoit. 
 
 To DISCU'SS, V. A. [Jifcvjum, fupine 
 of difcutio, Lat.] to examine ; to get over or 
 explain a difficulty by meditation or debate. 
 In Surgery, to difperfe any humour or fwel- 
 ling. 
 
 DISCU'SSER, S. one who determines a 
 point, or explains a difficulty. 
 
 DISCU'SSION, S. the explaining a dif- 
 ficul'v ; the examining into fome knotty point 
 or fentiment. In Surgery, the removing or 
 difperfion <>f any humour or fwelling by in- 
 fenlible peripiration. 
 
 DISCU'SSIVE Adj. having the power to 
 difp'-rle any uumour. 
 
 DISCU'TIENT, S. Idifcuf.-em, Lat.] in 
 Phyni, a medicine which opens the pores, 
 attenuates the fluids, and difperfes humours, 
 by infenfible pclpiration, or oiherwile. 
 
 To DISDAI'N, V. A, [deda'igr.er, Fr. 
 formerly fpeic dndaigner] to rejeft with fcorn; 
 to retui'e or decline with abhorrence, as un- 
 worthy one's charadler. 
 
 DISDAI'N, S. contempt, as imworthy of 
 one's choice 5 abhorrence j or contemptuous 
 anger and indignation, 
 
 blSDA'INFUL, Adj. abounding with in- 
 dignation ; haughtily ; Icornful. 
 
 DiSDA'INtULLY, Adv. in a contemp- 
 tuous manner j with proud or haughty 
 fcorn. 
 
 DISDAIN'FULNESS, S. contempt pro- 
 ceeding from a mean opinion of a perfon or 
 thing, including haughtinefs and prije, 
 
 DISE'ASE, S. [trom dis and eafe'] the 
 ftate ot a living body wherein it is pieverjted 
 from the exercifc cf any of its functions, whe 
 ther vital, natural, or animal, attended with 
 a lenfarion of uneafinefs. in Botany, that 
 ftate of a plant, wherein it is renderetl inca- 
 pable ot anfwering the feveral purpoi'es lor 
 which it was formed. 
 
 ToDiS'tASE, V. A. to affeft the body 
 fo, as to render the exercTe of any of its 
 funftions uneafy, or impradicabic j to ailed 
 With pain. 
 
 DISEA'SEDNESS, S. a ftate wherein an 
 jBimal is lej^Jered incapable oi pcrfonninj; 
 
 D I S 
 
 fuch fun^ions as are neceffary to health anj 
 life, and for which their frame Teems to have 
 been intended. 
 
 To DISEMBA'RK, V, A. to carry from 
 a fliip or other vefTel to land. Neuterly, t9 
 go on ftiore from a ftiip. 
 
 DISEMBO'DIED, Adj.ftrippedordivefiea 
 of bodv. 
 
 To biSEMBO'GUE, V. A. to difcharge 
 at its mouth into the fea, applied to rivers. 
 Neuterly, to flow. Among Mariners, to go 
 out of a river, ftreight's mouth, or gulf, into 
 the main ocean, applied to a (hip. 
 
 DISEMBOWELLED, Part, taken from 
 the bowels. 
 
 To DiSEMBRO'IL, V. A. {dehrouUkr, 
 Fr.] to free from confufion, diJ'ordtr, per- 
 plexity, or from quarrels which occafion pub- 
 lic commotions. 
 
 To DISENA'BLE, V. A. to deprive of 
 power ; to weaken, or render a perfon unable 
 to perform an undertaking. See DISABLE. 
 To DISENCHA'NT, V. A. to free from 
 the power of any fpeli, charm, or enchant- 
 ment J to free from infatuation. 
 
 To DISENCU'MBER, V. A. to free from 
 any thing which hinders a perfon from exer- 
 cifing the powers of his underftandihg or body, 
 and oppreffes him with a fenl'aiion of burthen- 
 fomenefs or uneafinefs 3 to free from any 
 hindrance or obftrudion. 
 
 DISENCU/MBRANCE, S. freeJom from 
 hindrance, peipiexity, or uneafinefs, owing 
 to any thing which prevents a perfon from 
 exercifing his ftrength, or the faculty of his 
 mind free I v. 
 
 ToDlSENG.A'GE, V. A. to feparate from 
 any thing which is joined to a thing ; to fe- 
 parate from any thing which is an incum- 
 brance ; to clear from impediments or ob- 
 ftr;iciio/;sj to withdraw or divert the mind 
 from any thing which powerfully attrads its 
 attention or afledion. Neuteily, to fet our- 
 felves free from. " We may difcngjgt from 
 the world by degrees," Coll.er, 
 
 DISENGA'GED, Adj. at leifure ; not 
 fixsd to any particular objed, or obliged to 
 attend any oarticular perfon. 
 
 DISENGA'GEMENT, S. releafe or free- 
 dom Irom any obligation, attendatice, or af- 
 fedion which influences the mind. 
 
 To DlSENTA'NGLE, V. A. to fet free 
 from an obftacle or impedim-.-nt which hin- 
 ders the mind or body from a proper ufc of 
 (heir relpedive powers .mJ abilities. Figura- 
 tively, v> free from perplexity. 
 
 To DISENTHRONE, V. A. to depofe j 
 or drive from the throne. 
 
 To DLSLNTRA'NCE, V. A to free from 
 a trance ; to ralfe from a fwoon. " Ralpho, 
 bv this time diUntranced.'^ Hud. 
 ' To DI^ESl'OU'iE, V. A. to break a 
 marriage fontrad ; to marry to one after be- 
 ing contradeJ to another, 
 
 DiJiESTE'EM, S. wane ofcflecroja flight; 
 2 lofs
 
 D I S 
 
 lofs of predit or eftcem 5 fomething Isfs than 
 cont^nipr. 
 
 To DiSESTEE'M, V. A. to regard fli-hr- 
 hi^ly ; to cor.lider in a )ij;ht viOKh lefien; 
 ffljftm or approbation, but does not rife to 
 contempt. 
 
 DISFA'VOUR, S. 2 circumftance which 
 rnpedss or h:nders an undertaking ; want ol 
 countenance, or fuch a concurrence, as m v 
 render a dcfign fuccefsful ; a ftdte wherein 
 a pcrfon meets with r.o encouragemtrt 01 
 yfiiftance ttom .inother ; want of oejufv, or 
 ftcii f^mnnerry of features as may render i 
 'j>cr;on agreeaale. 
 
 To DISFA'VOUR, V. A. t» difcounte- 
 rance, or hinder a citiign !rom takiiig effe<ft 
 f-or want of «lTiftance or e.icourdgtriieJjt j to 
 withdraw kirinne.s from a cerfon. 
 
 DISFIGL'RA'TIUN, S. the aft of fail- 
 ing t!-:e form of a thing or perfon, or reader- 
 ' ing them ugly cr difjgreeabls ; the ftaie <,f a 
 thing who!; natural form and bsauiy is fpoiled. 
 Figuratively, deformity. 
 
 To DISri'GURE, V. A. to change any 
 thing to a worle form ; to render a thing kfs 
 beautiful, or lefs a^rreeable. 
 
 DISFl'GUREr.IENT, S. change from 
 be?.uty to uglinefs, or ;rom a pleafing form to 
 ene which is lefs la. 
 
 DISFRA'HCHISE, V, A. to deprive a 
 place of its charter, privilege', or inrimuni- 
 ties ; or to deprive a perlon of liis freedom as 
 a cit zcn. 
 
 DlSiRA'NCHISEMENT, S. the aft of 
 iepriv'.n^ a perfon or place of privileges or 
 immunities. 
 
 Tu DISGO'RGE. V. A. [dego'ger, Fr. 
 from g;rge, Fr. the ihroit] to von>ic, or dif 
 charge by the mouth. Figuratively, to aif 
 charge, rr pus' cul with violence, 
 
 DlSGRA'CE, S. [Fr.J Cnme 5 infamy; 
 a fiate wher'-in a perlon or tiring has loft it 
 honour, efic m, and thofe qualities whch 
 rendered it worthy of refpcft j the ft<ite of .; 
 perffn who is rut of favLur. 
 
 To DISGRA'CE, V. A. to deprive c~' 
 honour, efteem, or hgh etrployment. 
 
 DlSGRH'CtFlTL, Adj. !ul! . f drflionour, 
 er thole circiim.larces and qualities w hi.c- 
 nuke a perfun an clieft of reproach. 
 
 DISGRA'CEFULN; SS, 5. nia-icfulr.efs 
 
 DISGRA'C-EFULLY,Adv. inl'uch a man 
 i»er as mu(V futiett a perfon to diil-.onour, 
 flisme, or reprrach. 
 
 DISGRA'CER, S. one who deprives an- 
 other of fome honourable employment ; one 
 who expofts anoiher to Ihnms, diAonour, and 
 reproach. 
 
 To D;SGUrSE, V, A. [dlfguifcr, Fr.] to 
 conceal a per!on by means ol fome ftrar.gc 
 Jrels. Figiiritively, to dillcm'jle, or conceal 
 hy a faife iipp:arance ; to disfigure or change 
 riit- form of a thing ; to intoxicate and rendtfi 
 »ni' rmly by drinlcing, 
 
 DlbGLI SE, S, a drefs inadt: uf; of tt> 
 
 D I S 
 
 elude the notice of thofe we are acquainted 
 i\itb, or to conceal a perfon ; a falie appear- 
 .ince, made ufc of to cover or conceal fome 
 def'gn. 
 
 DlSGUrSER, S. one who alters the na- 
 lural appearance of a perfon j one who mjfks 
 or conceals his real ciefigns under fome falle 
 and fpecious appearance. 
 
 DlijCU'ST, S, [from «f.'i and gujl, of 
 gujiiis, Lat. a tafle, degut, Fr.] an aveifion 
 ar.frrig trom the cli'bgrecablenefs of a thing 
 to tiic pdlate i dillafie J cifpleafure, arifjng 
 (rom fome ciifagiecable a£lion or behaviour. 
 
 To DISGU'ST, V. A. [d^g^uter, Fr. de- 
 gujio, Lat.J to raife an avcrdon or naufe- 
 oufnefs in the flomach by a uifagreeable tafte; 
 to raife an averfion or diflike by lume dif- 
 Dgreeable or ofiinfive achon. " What dif- 
 gufii ms from having to do with anfwer-job- 
 bers." Sivifr, 
 
 UISGU'STFUL,Adj. abounding with fuch 
 qualities as produce averfion or cifiike, 
 
 DISH, S. [dijc, Sax. d!kbt. Tent, dyfc, 
 Etfe, dijcui, Lat.J a broad fhailow velFel wtth 
 a rim, either of filver, pewtei', gold, or china, 
 or earthen- ware, ufed for holding and car- 
 rying joint?, or other viftuals to table, and 
 difiering from a plate in f:ze. Figuratively, 
 the meat or viiHuals placed in a dilh. 
 
 To DISH, V. A. to ferve meat up ele- 
 gan.ly, or place it in a dift. To dtjh out, to 
 adorn, deck, or le: ofi'j a low phrafe, 
 
 DlSHABl'LIvE, S. [Fr.] an undrefs } a 
 loofe and negligent drels. 
 
 DISHABl'LLE, Adj. loofely and negli- 
 eently diefied. 
 
 To DISHEA'RTEN, V. A. to deprive a 
 perfon of cour.gj and alacnty ; to terrify, 
 .0 make a perfon imagine a thing to be im- 
 praclica'. lo ; or that fome approachir^ evil 
 >s univoid^iblei 
 
 DiSFIE'RlSGM, S. the aa of debarring a 
 pnon from an yihcritance. 
 
 To DISHE'RIT, V. A. to debar a perfon 
 from lucceeding to an inheritance^ to cut off 
 trom an inheritance. 
 
 Tu DiSHEVE'L, V. A. [decbevtUr, Fr.] 
 10 fpread hair in a loofe, negligent, and dif- 
 oriicr'.y manner. 
 
 DlSHO'NEST,Adj. void of honefiy ; frau- 
 d len- J or incDnfirtent with juftice. Figu- 
 raiivelv, n'proachful or /himeful. 
 
 DJSHO'NESTLY, Aov. in fuch a m^n- 
 nrr <iS is inconfiflent with honour and ha\ 
 nelh'. 
 
 DISHO'NESTY, S. want of prtblty ; the 
 act of doing any thing to cheat or de.'raud 
 another of his property j unihailentO, or 
 lewdnefs. " If you fufpc£l ms in any dif- 
 bcncpy.^' Souk. 
 
 DiSHO'NOUR, S. that which affed^s a 
 perfcn with difgrace. Figuratively, repro..ch, 
 vshich deprives a perfon of reputitioii. , 
 
 To DISHO'NOUR, V. A. to briaa; to 
 {hi.TiZf to dii'ijr.we j to blaT liie charafle-- j 
 
 ■a yiLt'.O I j
 
 D I S 
 
 a perfon ; to violate a perfon's chafllty ; to 
 treat with indignity. 
 
 DISKO'NOURABLE, Adj. void of re- 
 fpeft, reverence, or efteem ; fiaame/'ul } re- 
 proachful. 
 
 DISHO'NOURER, S, ons v/ho treats a 
 perforj with indignity j one who violates the 
 chaftity of a female. 
 
 DIS'INCLINATION, S, want of affec- 
 tion, a bia<: ; wa.nt of propenfity. 
 
 To DlSiNCLi'NE, V. A. to leffen one's 
 affcclior.i lor a tiling or perfon. 
 
 DISINGENU'ITY, S. Uiifairnefs j low 
 and me.m artifice. 
 
 DISINGE'NUOUS, A:ij. not of an open 
 and frank difpofition j meanly i fly j cun- 
 ning or Ajbtl?. 
 
 DiSINGE'NUOUSLY, Adv. in an un- 
 fair, fly, cr cril'iy nri'nner. 
 ' DISINGE'NUOUSNESS, S. a behaviour 
 wherein a perfon endeavours to fecure his 
 ends liy concealing his defigns, and ufing lov,- 
 craft and mean fubterfuges, in order to ac- 
 complifh them. 
 
 DISINHE'RISON. See DISHERISON. 
 To DISINHE'RIT, V. A. to cut ofi' from 
 a right to, or denrive of an inherirance. 
 
 To DISI'NTER, V. A. to take a body 
 out of a grave. Figuratively, to difcover 
 fomething concealed by fome covering or im- 
 pediment. " VVhich a proper education might 
 have di/Ir.ferrcd.'''' SjjeSi. 
 
 DISiNTERES'SED. Ste DISINTER- 
 EST FD. 
 
 ■ DISINTEREST, S. that which is con- 
 trary to a perfon's fuccefs or profperity ; a 
 difadv-intai^e ot lofs. Indifference to, or dif- 
 regard of, irofit or private advinti^e. 
 
 DIS'INTEP.ESTED, Adj. not influenced 
 by any vie%vs of private lucre, or advantage j 
 fuperior to any felfilh liiotives. 
 
 ToDI'SJOiN, V. A. [dejohdre, Fr.] to 
 feparate or divide things which are uniied j 
 to part. 
 
 To pi'S JOINT, V. A. to put out of joint; 
 to feparate tilings at the place where thi:y are 
 femen'.ed or jo ned together j to cjrve or cut 
 in pieces, by fepatating the joints from each 
 ether; to moke incoherent; to dsflrcy the 
 conn;£lioii of woi^is, or fentences. " Her 
 words diijohiied." Sm'tib, Neuterly, to fail 
 afunJer, or in pieces. 
 
 ' piSj'J'NCTlON, ?. [disjuKHio, I-at.] fe- 
 j^parition ; or the adt ot dividing things or 
 perfuns. 
 
 _ DISjU/NCTIVE,Adj. Idisj.uicTivus, Lat.] 
 difuaiting ; not pri-per fi.r union. In Gram- 
 mar, ap^lisu .0 lUth pariijL-s as denote a fe- 
 p<.!a'.ion or contrjfl; " 1 love him or- I fear 
 him ;'" the word or is a d'sjunifllve coniunili 
 on. In Logic, applied '.o'uch propolltions whofe 
 paits are op^jofeu to eacii other by disjundive 
 particles, thus. " Qiajiliiy is either length, 
 bread. hj or depth.'' ,1 1 . l(jers .propofitions 
 •ihek tjuth dependc on th^iijiitncdiate oppo 
 
 D I S 
 
 fitlon of the parts. A dhjunEllvt fyllo^yfin, U 
 that whofe major is disjundive, as in the fol- 
 lowing, the major, or propofition, printed in 
 Italics, is disjundiivs. Tbe earth moves in a 
 circle or eUif;Jii\ but it does not move in a cir- 
 cle, therefore it moves in an ellipfis. 
 
 DISJU'NCTIVELY, Adv. diftindly 5 fc- 
 parately. 
 
 DISK, S. [dlfc, Sax. dtJcui'Lzt.'] \n ^ftro- 
 norny, the appearance of the body of the fua 
 or 'planets, which is divided by aftronomert 
 into twelve parts. In Optics, the magnitude 
 of the glafs of a telefcope, or the width of its 
 aperture. In Botany, the centr-tl, or mid- 
 dle part of radiated flowers, compofed oi fe- 
 vcral florets placed perpendicularly, and fomc- 
 timcs called the /'e.'ois or bafon ; a quoit, ufeJ 
 by the antients. " Some whirl the dlfi.''' 
 Pope. See DISCUS. 
 
 DISKI'NDNESS, S. want of kindnefs, 
 affe£Vion, or benevolence ; an aft whereliy a, 
 thing or perfon receives damage «r detriment, 
 and is fuppofed to be derived from ill will, or 
 alienated afteftion, 
 
 UISLI'KE, S. Want of approbation or 
 eflL-em, fliewed by a pgrfon's behaviour ani 
 a<Slions. 
 
 To DISLI'KEj V. A. to difapprove; t» 
 look on as improper, or faulty. To fhe«r 
 difguft, or dlfefteem. 
 
 To DISLI'KEN, V. A. to change the ap- 
 pearance of a thing, or make it look difl'erent 
 from what it was before. " Dijliken — the 
 truth of your own feeming." Sbak. 
 
 DISLI'KENESS, S. the quality which 
 makes a thing appear different to what it was 
 before ; the quality which makes a difierence 
 betv/een things. 
 
 DISLI'KEK,, S, one who difapproves a 
 perfon or thing. 
 
 To DI'SLOCATE, V. A. [from dh and 
 locatus, of loco, Lit. J to put out of its proper 
 place ; to disioint, 
 
 DISLOCA'TION, S. [from dijlocate'] the 
 aft of putting things out of their proper places J 
 the ftdte of a thing put out of its proper plac^:. 
 In Surgery, a joint put out, or the forcing a 
 bone from its focket ; a Iu;:ition, 
 
 To DISLO'DGE, V. A. to remove from 
 a place or feCtle.Ti;:nt by force ; to drive an 
 enemy frtim a poft ; to remove an army to 
 other quarters. " The Volfcians are dijjod^'d.'^ 
 SLuk, Neuterly, to decamp, or go away to 
 another place. "' Ha refolv'd — -.vith all his 
 legions to di/loJge.'" Par. Loji. 
 
 DISLOY'AL, Adj [dfjloyul, Fr.]fa!feor 
 difnbedient to .1 fovereign. 
 
 DISLOV'ALLY, Adv. in a fairhkfs, dif- 
 obedient, or rebellious manner. 
 
 Dl'SLOVALTY, S. want of fiicliry to a 
 fovereign. 
 
 DI'SMAL, Adj. [dysmafl.'^eXg. die: mains, 
 Lat. an evil dav] that which ..ffcilj the mind 
 with hor:sr; n-.Jsncholy ; gloomy ; fyrrovv- 
 ful. 
 
 ris-
 
 D I S 
 
 E>rSMA'LLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to excite hortor, forrow, or mtlancholy j with 
 a forrowful or horrid appearance, 
 
 DISMA'LNESS, S. the quality which ex- 
 cites hoiror, melancholy ; or forrow ; the 
 ftate or appearance of a perfon or thing which 
 communicates the idea of fomething horrid, 
 or forrowful. 
 
 To DISMA'NTLE, V. A. to ftrip a per- 
 fon of any drefs which ferved him as an orna- 
 rneni, or defence j to fmooih ; to unfold ; to 
 deftroy ; to deftroy the out-works or defences 
 of a place 5 to break down or dellroy any 
 thing external. 
 
 To DISMA'SK, V. A. to pull off a made j 
 to uncover. 
 
 To DISMA'Y, V. A. [Jefmayer, Span.] to 
 difcouraje, or diftiearten with tear, 
 
 DISMA'Y, S. ^(iej^ayo, Span] lofs of 
 courage, occafioned Dy fome frightful obje£l j 
 •r apprchenfion. 
 
 DISMA'YEDNESS, S. the ftate of mind 
 arifing from the fight of feme frightful objcft, 
 er apprrhenfjoM of fome danger. 
 
 To DISME'MBER, V, A. to divide one 
 member from another ; to cut or tear 10 
 pieces. 
 
 To DI'SMISS, V. A. [dtfmigus, Lat.] to 
 fend away ; to nifcharge from attendance, to 
 give leav; to depart ; to riifcharge from fer- 
 vice, or from an emplovment, 
 
 DISMi'SSiON, S. (rffmijjio, Lat.] the aa 
 of fending away ; an honc/urabls dikhsrge 
 from an ofBre ; deprivation ; or the beinj 
 turned out 01" any pofl or ofScc. 
 
 To DISMORTGAGE, V. A. to redeem 
 from or clear a mortgage, by paying the money 
 l.-nt on any lands or eftate. "' He d'j'mortgaged 
 the crown defmenes." Ihtvfl. 
 
 ToDISMGU'NT, V, A. [dmonter, Fr.] 
 to unhorle j to loie any nref<;rment or port oi 
 honour ; to diflodge or force cannon from 
 their carria|,e-. Ncut;rly, to alight from an 
 borfe ; to dcfcend from an eminence or high 
 plice. 
 
 DiSOQE'DlENCE, S. a wilful afling 
 contrary to rhe commands or prohibitions- or 
 a fupcrior. 
 
 DJSOBE'DIENT, Pjrt. or Adj. guilty of 
 afling contrary 10 the laws, or the commands 
 of a luptrior. 
 
 To DISOBE'Y, V. A. to aft contrary tc 
 the will or coTmands of a fuperior; to oreak 
 the lav/E, by comg fomething which is for 
 bidde.n, or re.''ur:ng to do fomething that is 
 com.Tiandec'. 
 
 DISOBLIG A'TION, S. an aft whick alie- 
 nates the afieftion of a peifon, or changes a 
 friend into an enemy ; an aft which occafions 
 difguft or diflilcc. 
 
 To DlbOBLl'GE, V. A. fpionounced. 
 commonly, in imitation of the French, dij- 
 otitic] to do fomething which effends another; 
 to iifp'eal'e. 
 
 BKOJBLI'GING, Part, or Adj. unpleafingj 
 
 D I S 
 
 void of thofe qualities which atlraft /riend* 
 (hip ; ofi'enfive, 
 
 DISOBLI'GINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to difj>leafe, 
 
 DlSOBLl'GINGNESS, S. readlnefs^o dif- 
 pleafe. 
 
 DJSO'RBED, Part, [from d\t and orb] caft 
 from its proper orbit or path, within which 
 it performs its revolutions, " Like a ftar 
 dijorb'dr Shak. 
 
 DISOR'DER, S. [difordre, Fr.] want of 
 method or regular diftribution ; tumult } or 
 conJufion ; breach or violation of laws ; dif- 
 eafe, generally ufed for fome flight difeafe ; 
 difcompofure of mind, arifmg from the tur- 
 bulence of the piflions. 
 
 To DISO'RDER, V. A, to throw into 
 contufion ; to deftroy the regular diftribution 
 of a thing ; ts ruffle or confufe ; to make 
 fick, or affeft with fome flight difeafe 5 to 
 difcompofe. 
 
 DISO'RDERED, Part, not complying with 
 law or order, applitd to the mortals. Indif- 
 pofed, or aflcfted with a (li^iht difeafe, applied 
 to the body. Confufed, tumultuous, or re- 
 bellious, applied to ft..tes. Rumpled, applied 
 to dieii. 
 
 DISORDERLY, Adv. in a manner in- 
 confiltent with law or virtue, applied to 
 moral'. In an irregular, or tumultuous man- 
 ner, applied to the motion of the animal fpi- 
 rits or riui.ls. In a manner wanting method, 
 .it'plied to the placing of things, to the dif- 
 tribution of ideas, or the arrangement of ar- 
 guments in learned produftions. 
 
 DISORDERLY, A<*j. afting inconfiftent 
 with law or virtue ; contufed, or not regularly 
 placed ; tumultuous. 
 
 OISO'RDINATELY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to exceed the bounds of temperance, or 
 to tranfgrels the laws of morality. 
 
 To DISPARAGE, V. A. [from difpar, 
 Lai. J to match with a perfon or thing which 
 is not equal; to difgracc, by joining a thing 
 of fupcrior excellence with one below it ; to 
 difgrace or injure by comparifon with fome- 
 thing of lefs value ; to treat with contempt 
 and difhonour ; to expole ; to bUme, cenfure, 
 or reproach. 
 
 DiSPARA'GEMENT, S. difgrace, or 
 ciiTionour done to a peifon or thing hy com- 
 paring them with fomething of inferior ex- 
 cellence and dignity, difgiace; diihonour j 
 or reproach. 
 
 DlSP.'^IlA'(iER,S. one who treats a perfon 
 or thing with ii)fllgniiy,an.i endeavours toleden 
 their Value by comparing or uniting them 
 with fomething of lefs value, or below them. 
 DISPARA'TES, S. [plural, difparata, 
 Lat.] in Logic, things (o unlike, that they 
 cannot be compared together. 
 
 DISPA'RITY, S. [</i//>flr, Lat.] oppofition 
 or difference of qualities ; difference in de- 
 gree, whether it refpeft rank Oi' excellence j 
 unlikenefs : dillimilitude. 
 
 To
 
 D I S 
 
 To DISPA'RT, V. A. iQ Gunnery, to fet 
 
 a marl: on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ord- 
 nance, lo that a right line taken upon th- 
 top of a bafe-ring againft the touch-liole, 
 may be parallel to the axis of the concave 
 cylinder. 
 
 ' DiSl^A'RT, S. the mark fet on the muz- 
 zle-rinz of a piece of ordnance. 
 
 DISPA'SSION, S, freedom from the paf- 
 fions or afi'eftions of the mind. 
 
 DISPA'SSIONATE, Adj. free from the 
 turbulence of anger ; or other paflioas ; calm, 
 cool, and temperate. 
 
 To DISPATCH, V. A. [depechsr, Fr.] 
 to fend a perfon or thing a o'ay haftily. Fi- 
 guratively, to fend out of the world by a 
 violent death; to murdtr ; to perform bufi- 
 nefs quickly or expeditioully ; to conclude 
 a bufinefs or affair with another. 
 
 OISPA'TCH, S. quicknefs or espedition 
 In performing. Figuratively, conduft ; ma- 
 nagement. A meflage, or racffenger fent in 
 hafte 5 an exprefs. 
 
 DISPA'TCHFUL, Adj. full of hafte, ex 
 pcdition, or quicknefs in the performance of 
 bufinefs. 
 
 To DISPE'L, V, A, [difpello, Lat.] to dif- 
 perfe ; to clear away any obftiuftion, by fcat- 
 tering wr diffipating it, 
 
 DISPENSARY, S. [from difpcncel the 
 place where medicines are fold, and phyficians 
 bills are made up at a low price, for the bene- 
 fit of the poor; a book containing forms or 
 receipts for makine niedicines. 
 
 DISPENSATION, S. \difpe,:Jano, Lat.] 
 the adl of diftributing to feveral things or 
 parts ; the oeconomy obferved by Providence 
 in governing particular flates, or in the gene 
 ral diftribotion of rewards and punifhments to 
 all mankind ; a permifiion to do fomething 
 contrary to the laws ; or a relaxation and fuf- 
 penfion of their force for a certain time, or 
 on a peculiar occafion. 
 
 _ DISPENSATOR, S. [Lat.] one employed 
 in dirtrjbuting. " Her majefty made them 
 dijpenfatori of her fjvours." Bacon. 
 
 DISPENSATORY, S. a book containing 
 the forms or receiots by v.?hich medicines are 
 Jna.ie. See DISPENSARY. 
 
 To DISPEN'SE, V, A. [de'penfir, Fr.] to 
 diftribute or give among feveral peribns j to 
 excufc from a duty. 
 
 DISPEN'SE, S. excufe ; difpcnfation. " In- 
 dulgence, difpcnjcs, pardons, bulls," Par. 
 LoJ}. 
 
 DISPEN'SER, S. one whodinributes. 
 
 To DISPE'OPLE, V. A. pronounced dif- 
 pitpU] to denrive a countrv of its inhabitants. 
 
 DISPE'OPLER, S. one who deprives a 
 countrv of its inhjbi-ants. 
 
 ToblSPE'RSE, V. \. [difperfus, Lat.] 
 to fcatter ; to drive to dir.erent pat'.- ; to fe- 
 parate a body of man or multitude. 
 
 DISPERSEDLY, Adv. in • fcparate man- 
 nerj feparately. 
 
 D I S 
 
 DISPER'SEDNESS, S. the ftate of thing', 
 or perUins which are divided or feparated. 
 
 DISPE'RSER, S, one who fpreads abroad 
 or makes public, by communicating to many< 
 
 DISPE'RSION, S. [di/ptr/u,, Lat.j the a£t 
 of fcittering or fpreading ; the ftate of per- 
 luns which were once united, (Jut ar€ divided 
 or feparated from e.<eh other. 
 
 To DISPi'RIT, V. A. to ftrike with fear ; 
 or to reprefs the courage of a perfoa by fomc 
 rnenace, or ill treatment ; to exhauft the fpi- 
 riie, or deprive a perfon of his natural alacrity 
 and vigour. 
 
 DISPIRIT'EDNESS, S. want of alacrity, 
 vigour, or vivacity. 
 
 To DISPLA'CE, V. A, to put out of a 
 place ; to remove from one place to another ; 
 to fuperfede ( to remove or abolilh, in order 
 to introduce fome other perfon or thing in the 
 room. 
 
 DISPLA'CENCY, S. [dlfptacentla, Lat,] 
 a£tions or behaviour which occafion difplea- 
 fure, difguft, or any thing difpka/ing. 
 
 To DISPLA'NT, V. A. to remove a plant 
 to fome other place. Figuratively, to drive a 
 people away for a fettlement. 
 
 To DISPLA'Y, V. A, [difpi:,r, dtpkyer^ 
 Fr. defplegare, Iral.J to fpread abroad or wide j 
 to fliew to the fight, or to the underftanding j 
 to explain a thing minutely ; to fet oftenta- 
 tioiifly to view. In Carving, to cut up a 
 crane, Ss'c. 
 
 DISPLA-^, S. the aa of exhibiting a thing 
 to view, in order to difcover its beauties and 
 excellencies. 
 
 DISPLA'YED, Part." in Heraldry, applied 
 to a bird in an erett pofture, with its wings 
 expanded or ftretcbed out. 
 
 DISPLE'ASANT, Adj. agreeable or of- 
 fenfive to the fenfes. " What to one is a 
 moft grateful odour, to another is noxious and 
 dlfphafant.'''' Cian-v. 
 
 To DiSPLE'ASE, V. A. [pronounced dif. 
 phjc] to offend, to make angry.; to do a thing; 
 which will raifc the ill-will of a perfon, oc 
 forfeit his efteem. To idif^juft, or raife an 
 averfion, applied to the fenfes. 
 
 DISPLE'-ASINGNESS, S, the quality of 
 creating diflilie, or being difagreeable either 
 to the feirfcs or iudgment. 
 
 DISI-LEASURIZ, S. a difagreeable fenf«- 
 tion J uneafinefs, or pain ; that which will 
 ofietid a perfon ; anger pruceeding from fome 
 offi-nce given, or from ^o nething which was 
 diLgrecaole ; a frate of difgrace, wherein a 
 perfon has loft the favour of .mother. 
 
 ToDISPLODF, V. A. {d\jpUo, Lat.] t* 
 vcar jr difciiarge with a loud noife, 
 
 DISPO'RT, S. play ; fport ; paftime ; di- 
 vsifion. " Us'd — lo fuch dfptrt." Par. L»ft. 
 
 DISPO'SAL, S, ftiom difpofe,] the a£t of 
 regulating any thin^ ; diftribution ; difpenfa- 
 tion ; the right of beftowing ; management j 
 government, including implicit Jubmiflion to 
 authoiiiy, '
 
 D I S 
 
 To DISFO'SE, V. A. [./.j>«>, Fr. from 
 Jifp'jr.B, Lat.J to employ or apply to any ufe j 
 «o beftuw, or give ; to fpend or lay out moHey ; 
 to turn to any particular end ; to adopt, lit, 
 Of form for any puipofe ; to influence the 
 mind j to regulate or adjutl ; to place in uny 
 condition ; to fell, to get rid off. 
 
 DISFO'SER, S. a perfon who has the 
 management of any affair or money ; he that 
 gives, beftows, or regulates ; a direftor ; one 
 who didributes without controul, and in an 
 arbitrary manner, 
 
 DISPOSI HON, S. [dij}ofnio, Lat.] a 
 regular arrangement, diftribution, or order of 
 the pails of a thing, or fyftem, which dif- 
 covers art, method and prudence ; natural 
 £tnefs or tenoenry ; propenfity, bent, or 
 temper cf the mind ; affc£\ions of kindnefs or 
 ill-will. Applied to the mind, when the 
 power and ability cf doing any thing is for- 
 ward and ready, on every ocrafion, to break 
 into aiflion. 
 
 DISPO'SITOR, S. in Aftrology, the fup 
 jiofed lord of the fign in which a planet is, 
 and the ruler of its influence. 
 
 To DISPOSSE'SS, V. A. to turn a perfon 
 out of a place which he is mailer of. 
 
 DISPRA'ISE, S. blame ; or the aft of 
 finding fault ; cenfure ; reproach. 
 
 To DISPR Al'SE, V. N. to bhme ; to find 
 fault with ; to cenfure. 
 
 DISFRA'ISER, S. one who blames, or 
 finds fault. 
 
 DISPRA'ISINGLY, Adv. with blame, or 
 cenfure. 
 
 To DISPRE'AD, V. A. to fpread abroad ; 
 to fpread different ways. 
 
 DISFROO'f , S. confutation ; or the prov- 
 ing a thing to be falfe. 
 
 DISPRO'FIT, S. lofs; damage; that by 
 which a thing is rendered lefs valuible, or a 
 perfon receives lofa. 
 
 DISPROFQ/RTION, S.thc difagreement 
 between the quality or quantity of diftcrcnt 
 things, cr the parts of the fame thing. 
 
 To DISFROPO'RTION, V. A. to join 
 things which do not fuir, or difagrse with 
 each other in quantity or quality, 
 
 DISPROPO'RTIONABLE, Adj. dlfa- 
 greeing in quantity ; not well fuited or pro- 
 portioned t3 fomethinp elfe. 
 
 DISPROPO'RTIONABLENES.S, S. the 
 want of agreement with rcipect to quantiiy, 
 lize, or fymmetry. 
 
 DiSPROPO'RTIONAL, Adj. unfuitable 
 or difagreeing in quantity, quality, or value 
 with fometbing elfe. 
 
 DISPROPU'RTIONATE, Adj. difagree- 
 ing in quantity or value with fomething elfe ; 
 wanting fymmetry. 
 
 UlSPROPO'RTlONATELy, Adv. want- 
 ing fymmetry. 
 
 To DjSPRO'VE^, V. A. to confute an af- 
 fertion ; to ihtw a thing or pratlice to be in- 
 confiftent with truib, Uv, or murality. 
 
 D I S 
 
 DISPRO'VER, S. one who confu'es, or 
 proves a thing or argument to be faTfe, or 
 eironeous. 
 
 DISFU'NISHAHLE, Adj. in Law, witk- 
 out lome penal claufe or article fubje£\ing s 
 perfon to make good any lofs or damage. 
 " Not difpuni/hablc of wafle." Sivifr. 
 
 DISFU'TABLE, Adj. that which may 
 admit of arguments both for and againft it } 
 lia'jle to difpute ; lawful to be contefted. 
 
 DISPU'TANT, S. [difputans, Lat.] one 
 who arg'ues againft, or oppofes the opinions 
 of another. 
 
 DISFUTA'TION, S. [diffutatio, Lat.] 
 the art of oppofing the fentiments of others j 
 controverJy, or argument produced either in 
 tavour.of one's own fentiments, or in oppo- 
 fition to thofe of another. 
 
 DISPUTA'TiOUS, Adj. fond of oppof- 
 ing the opinions of others J given to debate, 
 or cavilling. 
 
 DISPU'TATIVE, Adj. dlfpofed to oppofe 
 the opinions of others ; fond of controverfy, 
 or cavilling. 
 
 To DISFU'TE, V. N. [dijputo, Lat.] t* 
 oppofe the fentiments or opinion of another ; 
 to deny and argue againft any received opinion. 
 Aflivtly, to contend for a thing either by 
 words or aftions ; to oppofe or queftion ; to 
 difcufs a queftion ; to think on. " Difpute it 
 like a man." Shak, 
 
 DISPU'TE, S. the aft of oppofing or 
 bringing arguments againll the opinion of an- 
 other ; controverfy. 
 
 DISPU'FER, S. one engaged in, or fond 
 of controverfy. 
 
 DISQUA'LlFICATION, S. that which 
 renders a perfo.i unfit for the difcharge of an 
 eniploy. 
 
 To' DISQUA'LIFY, V. A. to make un- 
 fit ; to difable by fome natural or legal im- 
 pediment 5 to exempt or difable fro3i any 
 right, claim, or pradlice, by law. 
 
 DISQUI'ET, S. uneafinefs; re.llelTne.'s j 
 want of cdfe of mind ; anxiety. 
 
 DiSQUFET, Adj. uneafy, or ?Jifturbed in 
 mind. 
 
 To DISQUI'ET, V, A. to difturb the 
 mind of a perfon by fome difagrceabic anJ 
 'jalamitous objeft ; to fret j to vex ; to make 
 uneafy. 
 
 DLSQUI'ETER, S. a difturber ; or one 
 who renders ano'her uneafy in mini. 
 
 DiSQUi'ETLY, Adv. anxioully ; in fucli, 
 a manner as to diliurb, or make uneafy, 
 
 DISQUI'ETNESS, S. the ftate ct a per- 
 fon who IS difpleaied with his prefent condi- 
 tioij, involved in troubles and dangers, or 
 affrighted by fome impending evil. 
 
 DISQUl'ETUDE, S, unsjfinefs, or dif- 
 turbance of mind j anxiety j want of tran- 
 qailitv. 
 
 DISQUISFTION, S. [^'yaj/Fris, Lat.] an 
 a£l of the mind, whereby it examines into a 
 I'uhji.:! i.". order to und:rftana j« impartance.
 
 D 1 S 
 
 So forcfee its confequences, and to find out 
 what may be urged either for or againft it ; 
 3. ftrift fearch, icrutiny, or examination of a 
 thing or matter. 
 
 DISREGA'RD, S. flight notice; con- 
 t:mpt ; negleft ; diCefteem. 
 
 To DJSREGA'RD, V. A. to take no no- 
 tice of ; to liight ; to neglcift ; to contemn. 
 
 DISREGA'RDFUL, Adj. negligent ; con- 
 temptuous ; or making a fmall account either 
 of perfons or things. 
 
 DISREGA'RDFULLY, Adv. in a negli- 
 gent, contemptuous, or flighrin<» itianner. 
 
 DISRE'LISH, S. a bad tafte j difguft, or 
 diflike, apolied to the tafte. 
 
 To DISRE'LISH, V. A, to make a thing 
 naui'eous ; to affeft the tafte with a difagree- 
 able fenfation. Figuratively, to diflike j to 
 want a tafte tor. 
 
 DISREFUTA'TION, S. difgrace; or that 
 
 which will lellen a perfon's character or fame 
 
 DISREPU'TE, S, an ill charadter ; lofs of 
 
 reputation or efleem ; reproach. 
 
 DISRESPE'CT, S. incivility ; want of 
 efleem ; a behaviour which approaches to 
 rudenefs. 
 
 DISRESPE'CTFUL, Adj. uncivil ; with- 
 out efteem ; unmannerly. 
 
 DISRESPECTFULLY, Adv. in an un 
 civil, irreverent, or unmannerly manner. 
 
 To DISRO'BE, V. A. to u'ndrefs or ftrip 
 a perfon of cloaths. Figuratively, to lay afide ; 
 to diveft, applied to the mind. " Who will 
 be perlunded lo dijrohe himfelf at once of all 
 his old opinions." Locke. 
 
 DISRU'PTiON, S. iheaclof breaking or 
 burtting afundtr; a breach, or rent. 
 
 DISSATISFACT'ION, S. the flate of a 
 perfon who is not contenied >vith his prel'ent 
 conaition, but wants fomething to complete 
 his wifli or haj^pinefs ; difcontent. 
 
 DISSAITSFA'CTORINESS, S. inability 
 or want ot power to give content. 
 
 DISSATISFACTORY, Adj. that which 
 is not abltf to proJuce content. 
 
 To DISSATISFY, V. A. to difcontent; 
 to difplcafd J to want fomfe equality requifite 
 to pleafe or content. 
 
 To DISSE'CT, V. A. [JifeHum, fupineof 
 diJftHo, Lat.j iti Amtomy, to divide the parts 
 ot an animal bpdy with a knife, in order to 
 confider each of them apart. Figuratively, to 
 divide, and examine a riibji:!^: minutely. 
 
 DLSSii'CTION, S. in Anatomv, the aft 
 of cutting or divitiing the feverjl parts of an 
 sniina! body afunder, in oidcr lo exjraine in- 
 to their nature and refpeftive ufes ; to divide 
 the feveral parts of a plant, leaf, or any piec! 
 of work, in order to examine into the mutuil 
 connexion of their feveral parts, compositions, 
 and workmanfliip. 
 
 DlSSEl'ZOR, S. one v/ho deprives or 
 difpoilcfTcs another of his right. 
 
 To DISSE'MBLE, V. A. [Jijfimuio, Lat. 
 dijjimuler, Fr.J to bide or conc'»al unier a 
 
 D t S 
 
 falfe appearance ; to pretend that to be, whicW 
 is not. Neuterlv, to play the hvpociite. 
 
 DISSE'MBLER, S one who conceals his 
 real defigns, temper, or difpofition, under 
 a falle and foecious appearance ; an hypocrite. 
 _ DISSE/MBLINGLY, Adv. in an iiypocri- 
 nc.il mann'jr ; in fuch a manner as to conceal 
 one's real fentiments under a falfe and fpeciou* 
 appearance. 
 
 To DISSE'MINATE, V. A. [Jl/Jimira. 
 turn, fupine of dijfeniwo^ to fcatter feed ; ts 
 fow. Figuratively, to fpread abroad, oi pro- 
 Dap3te a report. 
 
 ' DISSEM!NA'TION,S. [dip„i;nath,Lit.1 
 the a£t of fowitig ; the a6l of fpreading 
 abroad, or propagating a report. 
 
 DlSSEMINA'TOR,S.he that fows. Figura- 
 tively, one who fpread s or propagates a doftrine. 
 
 DISSE'NSiON, S. [difntio, Lnt.J dif- 
 ference Of difagreement in opinion or politics j 
 a breach of union j contention ; or warm op- 
 pofition. 
 
 DISSE'NTIOUS, Adj. dlfpofed to ilrife; 
 qu.irrelfome ; fjftious. 
 
 ToDISSE'NF, V.N. [dlffhuh, Lat.] ta 
 difagree in opinion ; to think difFerently ; ta 
 be of a contrary nature ; to diiTer. 
 
 DISSE'NT, S. difagreement ; difference of 
 opinion ; avowal or declaration of difference 
 of opinion. 
 
 DISSENT A'NEOUS, Adj. difagreeable; 
 inconfulent. 
 
 DlSSE'NTER, S. one who difagrees, or 
 declares his difagreement with refpedt to an 
 opinion ; one who fepaiatcs from the cora- 
 itiunion of the church of England. 
 
 DISSERTA'TION, S. [d^irtatio, Lat.] a 
 fet riifcoiirfc or treatife. 
 
 DISSE'RVICE, S. harm; hurt; a pre- 
 judice or ill turn done to a perfon or" thing. 
 
 DISSE'RVICEABLE, Adj. that which 
 win hinder the advantage of a perfon or thing; 
 injurious, hurtful, 
 
 DISSE'R VICE ABLENESS, S. that which 
 hinders the accomplifliing fome end ; hurt ; 
 mifchief; damage; injury; harti. 
 
 To DISSE'VER, V. A. [the particle Jis, 
 added tojever, does not alter Its (ignifitation, 
 an impropriety obferved in fome othi-r vyords 
 of our language, viz, dlfanrji!, &c.] to break 
 or part in two ; to feparate ; to divide. 
 
 piSSl'MILAR, Adj. ldiJJl!::Vh, Lit.] dif- 
 fering in quality or fliape from the thing 
 which it is compared with j un'ike ; of » 
 .different kind or nature. 
 
 DISSIMILA'RITY, S. unlikencfs In qua- 
 lity, temper, or difpofition. 
 
 DISSIMI'LITUDE, S. difference of form 
 or quality ; want of refemblance with a thinu 
 compared. 
 
 DlSSlMULA'TrON,S. [difflwuhu-.o, Lst.] 
 
 the ii\ of putting on a falfe sippcarance, in 
 
 jrder to conceal one's intention, or difpofition; 
 
 hen u.'cd in a bad (Vine, Somitimes a bare 
 
 cjncealmcnt of one's miiid, wh'ch 15 conllttent 
 
 with
 
 D I S 
 
 with prudence, and reconclleable with virtue 
 and honefty. 
 
 Dl'SSlPABLE, Adj. eafily feparated and 
 fcattered. 
 
 ToDI'SSIPATE, V. A. [Aiffi[>atui, Lat.] 
 to feparate any collection, and oifperfe the 
 parts at a dirtance ; to divide the attention be- 
 tween a diverfity of objefls, and thereby ren- 
 der it impoffible to fix to any with intenfenefs 5 
 to fquander wealth; to fpend a fortune. 
 
 DISSIPA'TION, S. [Fr. diJ>patio, Lat.] 
 the aft of feparating the parts which form 
 any colleftion, iriafs, or body; the ftate af 
 the parts of a body feparated, and at a diftance 
 from each other. _ Figuratively, inattention ; 
 attention divided among a variety of objeftf, 
 and thereby rendered incapable to fix on any 
 with intenfenefs. 
 
 To DISSO'CIATE, V, A. [Jifociatum, 
 fupine of d'ljjlao, Lat.J to feparate things or 
 perfons whi';h are united. 
 
 DISSO'LVABLE, Adj. [from dijfolvo, 
 Lat.] that which is capable of having its 
 parts feparated by moifture, or the aftion of 
 fome fluid. " Not dijfoliia^^e by the moifture 
 «f the tongue." Newt, Opt. Dijjo'ublc is 
 more generally ufed. 
 
 DISSO'LUELE, Adj. [Jifoiubi/Js, Lat.] 
 capable of having its parts feparated by moi- 
 fture or heat. 
 
 DISSOLUBI'LITY, S. the pofTibility of 
 having its parts feparated or liquified by moi- 
 fture or heat. 
 
 To DISSOL'VE, V. A. [d:Jd-uo, Lat.] to 
 deflroy the form of a thing by feparating if 
 parts with moillure, or heat ; to melt, or li- 
 quify ; to defrroy ; to feparate ; to break the 
 ties of any thing; to part perfons who are 
 united by any bonds, or the force of mutual 
 affeftion \, to cle-ir up a doubt or difficulty. 
 ♦' To d:jj:he ocubts." Dan. v. 16. To 
 break up or difcharge an aflembly. 
 
 DISSO'LVENT, Adj. [difJ-vtrs, Lat.] 
 havirg the power of feuarating, or breaking 
 the union 01 the particles cf the body. 
 
 DISSO'LVENT, S. that svhich feparatcs 
 the oarts of any thing. 
 
 DISSO'LVER, S. that which has the 
 power ot melting, liquifying, or breaking the 
 union of the panicles ot any ihing. 
 
 DISSO'LL'I K, S. [diplutus, Lnt.] dif- 
 folved in, or abandoned to ple^iilres ; l.,ol'e j 
 wanton ; or i-.nrcftrained by the rules of mo- 
 rality, me ordeis of government, or the laws 
 ot religion. 
 
 Dl'bSOLUTELY, Adv. in luch a man- 
 ser as is inconlii'.ent v/ith virtue, gcvern- 
 mrut, or religion. In Debauchery, without 
 leftraint. 
 
 Dl'i>SOLUTENESS, S. loofnefs of man- 
 ners ; a condutt regulated by no lav/s, and 
 fubjeC>ed to no reltraint ; wantonnefs j de- 
 baiiciiery; v^ick^:dnel^. 
 
 Dlii.OLL" 1 ION, S. the aft of feparating 
 the j'articie^ ox a body, or li<iui)ymj ana 
 
 D I S 
 
 melting by heat and moiHure; the deftruc* 
 lion of any thing by the /eparation of its 
 parts; the fubftance or body fo.med oy melt- 
 ing a thing; death, or the reparation of the 
 body and fcui ; the aft of breaking up, dif- 
 mifling, or putting an end to an aflembly, 
 " The diJJolutLcn of the parliament." Licen- 
 doufnefs ; or dilregard of virtue or religion t 
 more commonly ftiled diJJ'olutcncft. " An uni- 
 verfal dijj'oluticn of manners began to prevail." 
 /hterbuiy. 
 
 Dl'SSONANCE, S. [Fr. dlfonars, Lat.] 
 a mixture of harlh and unharmonious founds ) 
 difcord. 
 
 Dl'SSONANT,Adj. \d;Dlnar.s,Lit.'] bound- 
 ing harlh and difagreeable to the t-T. Figu- 
 ratively, inconfirtent ; difagreeing, ufed with 
 from, but moft properly with rs. " What 
 (.an he more dijfoniii-.t from re^fon." Hakevjt 
 " Any thing iij//»«a7!r ro truth." South. 
 
 To DISSUA'DE, V. A. [dijfuadeo, Lat.] 
 to make ufe of arguments to hinder a perfon 
 from noing fomething whiclj he intends ; to 
 reprelent a thing as improper, or difadvanta- 
 geous. 
 
 DISSUA'DER, S. one who endej^ours.by 
 argument, to divert a perfon from a defign or 
 under'aking. 
 
 DISSUA'SION, S. an argument or mo- 
 tive marie ufe of to divert or hinder a perfoa 
 from clofing with any defign, or engaging in 
 an vindeitdking. 
 
 DISSU'ASIVE, Adj. tending to divert or 
 turn nfide from any purpofe er dcfign. 
 
 DJSSU'aSIVE, S. a motive or argument 
 made ulc of to prevail on a ptrfon to decline 
 a defign, or purfutt. 
 
 DISSYLLABLE, S. [h<rtrv>,\a?'^, Gr.] 
 In Grammar, a word 0/ two fyllables. 
 
 Di'STAFP', S, (diJJaf, SiX. from die, 
 Belg. a thigh, and f:ajT, a fiick, on account 
 of its being (upporied by thofe parts, accord- 
 ing to MinlTlcw ; but touiv, Belg. tow, or 
 hemp, according to Skinner] tlie ftjfY or ihck, 
 on the cxtre;nity of which the tow or hemp 
 is faftened for fpinning. Figuratively, a fe- 
 male. 
 
 To DI'STAIN, V. A. to mark a thing 
 with a diflerent colour ; to fpoil the colour 
 ot a thing. Figuratively, to blot ; to mark 
 v.ith intainy ; to pollute, or defile. 
 
 Di'STANCE, S. [Fr. difiar.tia, Lat.] the 
 fjj^ce, or length of ground between any two 
 objefts, applied to place or fituation ; a Ipace 
 marked in a courfe wherein race-horfes rurti 
 The fpa^ betv^een a thmg preienr, and one 
 part or future, applied to time. Difiinftion^ 
 applied to idea.;. A modef^ and refpeftful 
 behaviour, oppolcd to fjmii:ar::y. A with- 
 drawing of affcftion ; referve; coolnefs. 
 
 To DI'STANCE, V. A. to rrmove from 
 the view ; to pljce farther from a perfon; to 
 le.ive behind at a race the length of a diftance 
 
 poft. Figuratively, to furpafs a perfon in the 
 Mobilities uf the mind, 
 
 DI'STANT,
 
 T) i s 
 
 brSTANT, Ad]. [Ft. dipns, Lat.] far 
 from, applied to place. Apart, I'eparate, 
 alunder, applied to fnua'.ion, or the fp.^ce 
 between two or more bodies. Removed from 
 the prei'ent inftant, applied to time pjft, or 
 future. 
 
 To DISTA'STE, V. A. to occafion a dif- 
 agreeable or naufeous taffe j to afrefl the tafte 
 with a difacreeable Tenfation j to diflike. 
 
 DISTA'STEFUL, Adj. affeaing the pa- 
 late, or organ of talle ; with a naulcous or 
 difagreeable fenfation ; that which gives of- 
 fence, or is unpleoGng j fhewing ill will, or 
 difguft. 
 
 DISTE'MPER, S. a difproporiionate mix 
 ture of ingredients. In Medicine, fome dif 
 order of the animal machine, occafioned hy 
 the redundancy of fome morbid humours; a 
 riiforder of the mind, arifing from the pre- 
 dominance of any pafllon or appetite ; want 
 of due' balance between contraries j ill hu- 
 mour, Tumuhuous diforder, or confufion, 
 applied to ftates. In Painting, the mixing or 
 tempering the colours with fize, whites of 
 eggs, and other fubftancjs, befides plain wa- 
 ter and oil. 
 
 To DISTE'MPER, V. A. to weaken 
 health ; to affect with fome difeafe ; to dif 
 order j to fill the mind with perturbation or 
 confufion. To render rebellious, or difaf- 
 fcfted, applied to ftates. 
 
 DISTE'MPER ATURE, S. excefs of heat, 
 cold, or other qualities. Violent cominotions 
 applied to government. Perturbation o' 
 mind j confufion ; mixture of contrary qua- 
 il; 65 or extremes. 
 
 To DISTE'ND, V. A. Ifiijierflo, Lat.] to 
 ftretch by filling ; to ftretch out in breadth. 
 
 DISTE'NT, S. the fp ce through which 
 any thing is fpread or ftretclied ; breadth 
 " Di/?i.Wf</ one fourteenth part longer j which 
 addition of dijicnt will add much to thei) 
 beautv." IVotton. 
 
 DISTE'NTION, S. [diPenth, Lat.] the 
 aft of ftretching out ; breadth, or the fpacc 
 which is occupied by a thing diltended ; the 
 acl of feparating one thing from anoiher, 
 
 Dl'STlCH, S. [ci.JiiUm:, Lat. J in Poetry 
 a couplet ; a couple of lines; a poem con 
 filling only of two vcrffs ; a theme or fub 
 jeft treated of, and romprifed in two lines. 
 
 To DISTI'L, V. N. [diftulo, Lat.J to drop, 
 Or fall by drops. To drop or fall gently, ap 
 plied to fluids ; to extraft tl;e virtues of in- 
 gredients by means of a (lill. 
 
 DISTILLA'TION, S, \_dJ}:!la:lo, Lat.] the 
 aft of feparating the oily, watry, or fpiii'ii- 
 ous parts of ingredients, inclofed in a ftill, by 
 neans of fire,* or by the heat of dung ; the 
 aft of filling in drops j that which d;:ftcads 
 in drops from a (till. 
 
 DISTl'LLATORY, Adj. belonging to, 
 or ufed in diftillmg. 
 
 DISTI'LLER, S. one who makes and fells 
 lii/lilled liqu0r«. 
 
 D I S 
 
 DiSTI'LLERY, S. the bufinefs, trade, or 
 
 emplovment of a-riiftiJler. 
 
 DlSTi'NCT, Adj. [d:j1i„au,. Lat.] diffe- 
 rent ; both in number and kind ; feparate ; 
 apart ; afunder ; clrared and unconfufed ; 
 marked out, fo as to be dillinguilhsd from any 
 other. 
 
 DISTI'NCTION, S. [Fr. dij1ir.5}lo, Lii.) 
 a note which fhews the diftdfence between 
 two or more objefts ; a mirk of fuperiority ; 
 that by which one thing or perfun differs 
 trom another; difference ilude between pcr- 
 !ons of various ages, fesep. Or r.inks ; divi- 
 lion into (iifTcfent paris ; difcernment ; iodp- 
 ment : high r^nk, or fet above others by ho- 
 nour or titli-. 
 
 DISTi'NCTIVE, Adj. that which mani- 
 fefts or marks the aifference between pcrfons 
 or things ; having the powerto dift.ngji/h or 
 perceive the difference between things j judi- 
 cious. 
 
 DISTJ/NCTIVELY, Adv. in right otder j 
 without confufion. 
 
 DISTrNOTLY, Adv. without confufing 
 one part with another ; plainly ; clearly. 
 
 DISTI'NCTNESS, S. a nice or accurate 
 obiervation of the d fference between things ; 
 a feparaUon of things either exteinally, or 
 in the mind, which renders their difference 
 from each oiiier manifeft and eafily per- 
 teived. 
 
 To DISTI'NGUISH, V. A. [4'?%vs, 
 Lat.J to note the difference between cnings ; 
 to feparate from others by fome mark of ho- 
 nour ; to divide by notes fhewing rhs differ- 
 ence between thi-ijs, in other refpef'.s like 
 ejch other ; to perceive ; to difcern critically} 
 to conftitute a difference; to fpecificite; to 
 mzke known, or to m?ke eminent. 
 
 DlSTrNGUJSHABLE, Adj. that which 
 may be feparated or eafily known, on account 
 of its difference from another ; worthy of 
 note or regard. 
 
 DlSTl'MGUISKED, Adj. eminent or ex- 
 traordinary ; C'fily to be (een from others on 
 :iirount of fome remarkable difference or cX- 
 ccllenc", 
 
 DISTFNOUISHER, S. one who fees and 
 notes the dirleisnce of things with accuracy; 
 a judirion< oMcrver. 
 
 DiSTI'NGUlSHlNGLY, Adv. with fome 
 mark which rendc-l-: a difference remarka^ils. 
 
 DiSTI'NGUlSH.'vIENr, S. the obferva- 
 tion of the di!li;e"C'r betv/een things. 
 
 To DISTO'RT, V. A. [dijhrtiti, Lat.] 
 iVom d'ljiorquo, h?X.\ to twift ; tj de'ortn by 
 uncouth or irregul.ir morions ; to put out of 
 its natural fla'e and ccndilion. To wrcll an 
 fxpreffion from its true mcar.ing. 
 
 DlsrO'RTiON, 3. [d'jtortio, Lar.] \n. 
 Medicine, a contraf-\ion of one fide of the 
 mouth, by a convulfion of the mu.'^cles of one 
 fide of the f^cc ; en ir!et',uljr mtition, liy 
 which any of the parts o! animal bod.cs are 
 rendered deformed. 
 
 Z To
 
 D I S 
 
 T.I DISTRA'CT, [participle \nffite. dif- 
 rachii, toimerlv J'lfli o'.igkl ; Irom J;//rvj^/vs, ] look on a pcrfon as one who ought not to- be 
 
 D I T 
 
 To DTSTRU'ST, V. A. to fufpe^ ; to 
 
 pjr-iciple Ot d-jirah), Ljc.J to pull a thin 
 ciiiVrcnt w,.ys iX. y.\\t fame lime; to fcpatjie; 
 to part. '' Dfiiti'^ your army," ^bsk. To 
 draw or turn lo diti'eifnr points ;' id fill and 
 atttaiCt the mioJ wiih dtii-rcnt views or con- 
 iiderjtioiiS ; to m Ae a perl'on marf. " Fetch 
 niy poor d':fiiaci;d hufband home." Shjk, 
 
 DlSTR'.-i'CTEDLY, Adv. after the man- 
 ner of a madman. 
 
 .DlSniA'CTEDNESS, S. ihs flate of a 
 perfon who is mid ftom too great a variety ol 
 purfuits. 
 
 DISfRA'CTION, S. [difiraB'.o, Lat.] fe 
 piration ; ciivifion. Confulion, applied to po- 
 litics. A ftate in which thsatleniion is called 
 t© diff"crt.nt, and fometimcs contraiy objc£iS; 
 perhirbarion of mind ; madnefs. 
 
 To DISTHA'JN. V. A. [dfj}ra!rdic, Fr. 
 difirhgo, Lat. J in Law, to fcize the property 
 of anoiher for debt. Neuierly, to make a 
 feizure. 
 
 DISTR A'lNFR, S. he lh.it feiz -s for debf. 
 DlSTRA'iNT, S. in L.iw, the aft of 
 feizinp, or tl-,3t which is feized for tiebt. 
 
 DJSTRE'.SS, S. \d:/!r:p, Fr.] in Law, 
 any thir-g lezrd or diftrajned for i»<it un- 
 paid, or duty unperformed ; the aft of mak- 
 ing a ffizure. Figuratively, any cilamity or 
 lofs which reduces a perfon to great incon- 
 venience or rr.ifery ; the ftate or condition of 
 a perfon who has not the necelVaries to fup- 
 ply the calls of nature. 
 
 ToDKSTRE'SS, V. A. in Law, to feize 
 for rent unpai'!. 
 
 DISTRE'SSFUL, Adj. miferable ; wretch- 
 ed ; inv lived in calamities which deprive a 
 perfon of the com.'oris and conveaicncies of 
 life. 
 
 To DISTRIBUTE, V. A. [dijl,\hutum. 
 
 confided in ; to be diffident. 
 
 DISTRU'ST, S. iofs of credit ; want of 
 confidence in another; fufpicion of a perfon'i 
 fide'ity or ability ; diffidence. 
 
 DISTRU'STFUL, Adj. fufpiciousj dif- 
 fident of ihe fiaelity.or ability of another ; 
 linr.orous. ,, ia/v v 
 
 DiSTRU'STFULLV, Adv.. in a manner 
 which ihfws fufpicion or diffidence. 
 
 DiSTRU'STFULNESS, S. the ftate of 
 Ueidg fufpicious of the firielity or ability of 
 another ; wait of confidence. 
 
 To DISTU'RB, V. A. [difurio, Lat.] fo 
 perplex, difquier, make uneafy, or dpprjsje 
 of tranquillity ; to confound j lo interrupt or 
 hinder the continuation of any adlion. 
 
 DLSTU'-RBaNCE, S. interruption, or 
 that which caufes any flop, or hinders the 
 continuation of an a£lion j confufion, or dif- 
 oroer of mind. Tumult, uproar, or violation 
 of the peace, applied to government. 
 
 DiSTU'RBER, S. one who breaks the 
 peace, caufes tumulis or public diforders, or 
 sft' c1s the mind of another with confufion, 
 tsoubie, anxiety, and uneafinefa. 
 
 DiS'L'NlON, S. fepaiation or disjunfticn. 
 Figuratively, breach of concord, or dlfagree* 
 merit between friends, whereby they feparate 
 or withdraw from each other. 
 
 ToDlSUN'l'TE, V. A. to part or divide 
 that which was united before } to feparate or 
 part friends or allief. 
 
 DISU'NITY. S. the ftate of aftual fepara- 
 tion. " Dijitrnty is the natural property of 
 m.^trer." M:re. 
 
 DISU'SAGE, S.the leaving off a prafllce 
 or cuftom by degrees; 
 
 DISU'SE, S. want of cuftom or pra^ice ; 
 he.biea!:ing of! or difcontinuing a cuflom. 
 
 fupine o( d-Jiii'-iio, Lat. J to divide amongd j or pr.idtice 
 
 difi'erent or fcveral pcrfous j to difpufe or let I To DI'SL^SE, V. A. to ceafe to make ufe 
 
 in order. j of, or praftife ; to lay afide or quit a cuAotn 
 
 DlbTRI'BUTER, S. one whobeftowsorjcrpradice. 
 dlftribute-^. I l^lTtMi, S. [die, diik, Erfe, dire, Dan. 
 
 DISTRIBU'TION, S. the (haring or di- diik, Bd^. digue, Fr.j a trench made to fe- 
 
 vlding amongll many ; the atl of giving cha 
 lity ; the thing given in alms. In i-ogic, the 
 oiilindion of an univerfal whole into levetal 
 kinds of fpecies. 
 
 DlSTRrBUTlVE, Adj. that which is 
 employed in afli;>,nlng portions- to otliers : iha' 
 which dilliufuifhcs a general term into its 
 >jrious fpecifs. 
 
 DISTRl'bUTIVELY, A<^v. finely ; par- 
 titulaily. Ill Logic, in «rm.iniier which ex- 
 prefT^s fingly ail (he particulars included in a 
 general term. 
 
 Dl'STRiCT, S. [diftriam, Lar,] in Law, 
 C rcuit or territoiy, in which a peribn m.-y 
 be compelled to appearance j the ci'ciiit or 
 territory within which a perfon's jurildic 
 tion or authority is ccnfined j a rtgion or 
 ■ couniry* 
 
 aaraie and defend grounds J any lo'g, narrow 
 cavity formed in the ground for iiolding water. 
 In Fortification, a trench formed by digging 
 between the fcarp and counterfcarp of a toit, 
 and is either dry or filled with water. 
 
 DirHVRA'MinC, S. [dithyrcm^ui, Lat ] 
 litv^iy.i^, Gr.J a fpecies of poetry, full of 
 trii;'pori and poetical rage, fo nsmed from 
 the Dithyrambus or ode formerly fing in ho-* 
 roiir of Bacchus, and partaking ul all the 
 svarmth of ebriety. 
 
 DI FTA'NDER, S. in Botany, the fame 
 as pepperwort. 
 
 Dl T'l^ANY, S. [diaamnus a'bui, Lat.] in 
 B..tariy. Its empalement is cumpofed of five 
 cblorg petals ending in points ; a very orna- 
 mental plaot for gardens j its roots are efteem- 
 ed cordial, cephalic, refifting puirclaciicn and 
 
 puifon }
 
 D I V 
 
 poifoB ; ufed In malignant peftilentlal diAem 
 pers, and epiiepfies. 
 
 WTTY, S, {dkht, Be!g. (li!?um, Lat.] a 
 poem fee to mufic j a fong. 
 
 Dl'VAN, S. [Afab.] a council-chamber, 
 wherein jiiftice is adminlftered among the 
 eaftern nations; a council of eaftern princes. 
 Figuratively, any council afTembled, *' The 
 confult of the dire divan." Pcfe. 
 
 To DIVA'RICATE, V. A. [di-varlcatus, 
 of divarico. Lit.] to part in two. Neuterly, 
 to become parted, or to divide into two. 
 
 DIVARICA'TION, S. a partition cf a 
 thing into two. figuratively, divifioD, or 
 difference of opinions. 
 
 To DIVE, V, N. [daupgan, Golh. dyppan, 
 Jippati, and doppetan, Sjx. duopen, Belg. dgibano. 
 Span, tepete, Rufl", topiti, Dahn. topee, Pol. J 
 to go voluntarily under wa er ; to go under 
 Water and remain there fome time, in queft 
 of fomething loft. Figuratively, to m.ilce flritl 
 eptjiiiry or examination ; to go to the bottom 
 of any queftion, fcience, or doctrinf. 
 
 DI'VER, S. one wVio goes voluntarily un- 
 der water ; one who profelies to go iinrltr wa- 
 ter in tjueft of things loft by ftiipwreck, (Sc. 
 Figuratively, one who makes himfclf matter 
 of any branch or frience 3 one who goes to 
 the bottom of an aff.iir. 
 
 To DI'VER GE, V. N. {dh-ergo, Lar,] to 
 recede farther from crach "ther, applied to the 
 rays of light which procecil from one poim. 
 
 DIVER'GENT, Part. or. Adj. [dmrgers, 
 Lat.J in Geome ry, applied to tho'e line* 
 which conftantly recede from each other. In 
 Optics, applied to thol'e rays, which, proceed 
 ing from a point of a vifib.'e objeft, (epara'e 
 and continually depart from one another, in 
 proportion to their diftance rrom the objeft. 
 
 DI'VERS, Adj. [diver/us, Lat.j fundry ; 
 feveral ; more than one. 
 
 DIVE'RSE, Adj. [di-verfus, Lat.] different 
 in form or nature; various ; in diffiren: di- 
 reftions, or contrary ways. 
 
 DIVERSIFICA'TION, S. the aft of 
 changing forms or qualities; variation; a 
 mixture of different colours; change or alte- 
 ration. 
 
 To DIVE'RSIFV, V. A. [dlverfifier, Fr.] 
 to make different from another, or from it- 
 felf ; to vary ; to mark with various colours ; 
 to variegate. 
 
 DIVE'RSION, S. [from ^tVfr/J the a£l of 
 turning a thing afide from its courfe ; fome- 
 thing which unbeids the mind, by taking it 
 of} from intenfe application or care; fome 
 thing lighter than amul'ement, and lefs forci- 
 ble than pleafure ; fport ; the public exhibi- 
 tions of fhews, p^jys, operas, (S c. v;hich un- 
 bend (he mind. In War, the aift of dr.iwinj; 
 .oft ai> enemy from fome ilelijn, by au att.iclc 
 '•"'■' made at fome otiier place. 
 
 DIVE'RSITY, S. [di-verfiu; ¥,-. dl'vcfuai. 
 L't.J diftlrcnce v/hich dift.nt;ui(i>es things 
 from each other a V4riety } varici^aiiun, or a 
 
 D I V 
 
 compofitlon of different colours " Bluftiing 
 
 \n \itii.htd'fe>ftties ot day.' Pope. 
 
 DIVE'R.SELY, Adv. in different ways, 
 methyds, or manners; in different dire" ions, 
 or to.Viids different points. " O'er li.'"e's vaft 
 ocean di'verjtly we fail." Pope. 
 
 To DIVE'RT, V. A. \di-verto, Lat.] to 
 turn aficie from any dircftion or coorfs ; to 
 feduce, or turn afiJe trom a rule of conjuil . 
 To plejfe, to unbend ttic mind by public 
 fports, or other things which afford plealure. 
 In War, ^o^lraw forces to a differt-nt pirt. 
 
 DIVE'RTER, S. any thing that unbend* 
 the mind?, am" alleviates its tatijiue. 
 
 Dl'VF.Rl'IVE, Ac/\. having the power to 
 unb nd and recreate the mind. 
 
 To Dl'VEST, V. A. [of dl and -vcjiire, 
 Lat.J to ftiiji or deprive of. 
 
 To DIVIDE, V. A. [d\t\do, Lat.] to 
 feparate a thing or whole into leveral parts ; 
 10 ftand betv.'een 'hint's as a pariltion, to 
 hinder them from joining or mee'i''g ; to part 
 one perfon from another ; to feparj.e lri_n:is 
 oy difcorJ ; to give or diftribute among feveral 
 perloiis. 
 
 IJI'VIDEND, .S. [dh-ldendt'i, Lit.] a fii'.re; 
 a part al.otted in a dniirion. In Commerce, 
 the portion of inrercft given by a company 
 a perfon who puts money into their iund. 
 in Arirhrnetic, the numcer given lo be paited 
 or divi ted. 
 
 DiVI'DER, S. that which feparates any 
 thing into pans; one who diftributes to 
 others ; the perfon who feparates friends, by 
 promoting dikotJ between them j a particular 
 Iciiid ot ciymoaffes. 
 
 DlVIN.-i.''riON, S. [dl-jinatio, Lnt.] the 
 art of foretelling future events, which are of 
 a fetrec and hiilden nature, and cannot be 
 known by the bare exercife of reafon. 
 
 DlVi'NE, Aaj [Fr. of dh/inus, Lat.] par- 
 t.iking of the nature of, or proceeding froai 
 God. Figuratively, exi-elient ; extraordinary; 
 feeminj'ly beyond the nature of mankind. 
 
 DiVl'NE, S. a minifter of the golpel ; a 
 cleit.yman, or one who is pecoliarly dedicated 
 to the I'crvice of tiie church, and pertormancc 
 of the riles in public vvorfliip. 
 
 ToDlVl'NE, V. A. [di-viner, Fr. d'lfino, 
 Lat.J to fotetel fome fuure event by mtanJ 
 of omens, &c. To forelte, foreknow, or pre- 
 lagc, Neuterly,. to utter a predittion ; to 
 conj'rture, or guefs. 
 
 DIVI'.nELY, Adv. in a divine or heavenly 
 m.inner ; by the operation of God; excel- 
 lently ; in a luprcme or fupcrl;.tive degree. 
 
 DiVl'NER, S. one whoproielics to fotetel 
 or dil'tover future events ( y means i/f extcrnsil 
 h^m, or fuprrnautal inHuencc ; a guellcr. 
 " He muft be a notable ui'Jinir of thoughts." 
 BiCTi'n. 
 
 DiV'TNlTY, S. [dhi^'itr, Fr. dlvinitut, 
 i Lat.J a partaking of the nature .ind cx<.ellenie 
 [of God; Godhc.id. Figuratively, LioO, il.fi 
 Ifupicme B!.i/ig,.t.ii< Cieaior, and i-'icUivei ot"
 
 D I Z 
 
 all thing? ; a falfe deity or idol. The fclence 
 converfant about God, heavenly things, and 
 the duties wi: niore imrncliately owe to him ; 
 fotr.cthing I'upernatur^l. " Thpy lay there is 
 (iit-ir.iiy in ojd numbers." Sbak, 
 
 DIVI'SIEILITY, S. [(iii':Ji-uiite, Fr.] the 
 quality of admitting divifion, either mentally, 
 craftuallv. 
 
 DIVrSinLE, Adj. dWifibilii, Lat.] ca- 
 pable of being aiftually or mtintally divided 
 into p.irts. 
 
 DlVl'SlBLENESS, S. ihe quality of being 
 divided, 
 
 DlVl'SION, S. [di-vlfio, L.t.] the afl of 
 fepar.uiiig fpace or body into p iris ; the (Ijte 
 of a thing, whofe parts sre lep.irated or di- 
 vided ; dil'cord, or dilTerence which occafions 
 a reparation between friends j a diftinftion. 
 *' 1 will put a div'ifion between my people 
 sn.i ihy pcojile." Exod. viii. 23. In Mufic, 
 the dividing an interval of an oftave in;o a 
 number of le/ler interv. Is. In Arithmeiick, 
 that rule whereby we find how olten a lels 
 <)uantity is contained in a greater, and the 
 jiiflerencc. In Logic, the feparaiing a general 
 tcim or idea in'.o its fpecies or parts. 
 
 DIV'FSOR, S. [Lat.] in Arithmctick, the 
 dividing number, or that number by which 
 the dividend is divided, and which ihews ho* 
 iii»nv parts it is to be divided into. 
 
 DivO'RCE, S. Fr. IdivcrUum, Lat.] the 
 legal reparation of people that are married 
 together, whereby the marriage contract is 
 rendered null and void. 
 
 To DIVO'RCE, V. A. to feparate a huf- 
 band and wife from each other; to abolifh and 
 ■annul the mani^ge contradl. Fi|iuratively, 
 to force alunder, or tc feparate by violence j 
 to take awav by force. 
 
 DIVO'RCEMENT, S. the abrogaring, 
 annulling, or fetting afiJe tiie niarrii-ge-cun- 
 tiad, and fepaiating a man and wile from 
 each other. 
 
 DIVO'RCER, S. the perfon who caufes 
 the heal feparation of a mao and his wife, 
 
 DIURE'TIC, Adj. [from Jia, through, 
 and b-js.', Gr, to make water] having the 
 pcwer to provoke urine, or force a perfcn to 
 make water olten. 
 
 DIU'RN.'^L, Adj. [diurnus, Lat.J relating 
 to the day ; conftiiuting the day j perfoinied 
 in the fpace of a cav, or daily. 
 
 DIU'RNAL, S.'[Fr.j a journal, or day 
 book. 
 
 DIU'RNALLY, Adv. daily, or every day. 
 
 To DIVULGE, V. A. {d:i-u!^o, Lat.] 10 
 piiblifti ; to make known or public j to pro- 
 claim or jn^niteft. 
 
 DIV'LLGER, S. a publirtier ; one whe 
 expofes to public view ; one that reveals a 
 lee ret. 
 
 Dl'ZZlNESS, S. [from dixxy] giddinefs, 
 or a fwimming in the head. 
 
 Dl'ZZY, Adj. [diji, ^//Fj^, Sax. deufgh. 
 Belg J gii^dy, having a ftftimrauigin the hi ad, ' 
 
 DOC 
 
 or a fenfatlon of turning round. Figuratively, 
 thoughtlefs. 
 
 To Dl'ZZY, V. A. to make giddy. ♦' Not 
 the dreadful fpout — (hall dizzy with more 
 clamour Neptune's ear." Shak. 
 
 To DO, V. A. [preter did, part. pafT. done ; 
 from don, Sax. doen, Bclg.] to perform, aft, 
 or pradtife. To execute or difcharge, ap- 
 plied to a mefl'age ; to caufe ; to have recourfe 
 to, ufed as a fudden and paflionate queflion. 
 " What will you do in the end r" Jere- 
 miah. To perlorm, to fini/h ; to conclude, 
 or fettle. " When all is done:" What ta do 
 •with, fignifies to beftow, to employ, to dif- 
 pofe of, or what u''e to make of. " They 
 would not know tvhat to do ivith them- 
 felves." 7illct. " He knows not ivhat to de 
 ■with his money." To faie j to be conditioned 
 witn refpeft to health or ficknefs. " Good 
 woman, how do/} thou ?" Shak. To be able 
 to fucceed, or perfedl a defign. <' We (h»\l 
 do without him." j^ddij. Sometimes, how- 
 ever, it is ufed to fave the repetition of another 
 verb. ' ' I fhall come, but if I dc not, go away j" 
 '. e. if I come not. Sometimes it is ufed as a 
 word of peremptory and pofitive command ; 
 as, " Help me ; do.''' Or to encreafe the em- 
 phafis of the %crb which follows ii : " But 
 I do love her." Shsk. 
 
 DO'CIBLE, Adj. [docibilis, Lat.] fubmitting 
 to inflruftion ; eafy to be taught j traflable. 
 
 DO'LTLE, Adj. [docilis, Lat.] teachable j 
 eafily taught ; tradable. 
 
 DOCI'LITY, S. [docilite', Fr. from doclli- 
 tas, Lat.J aptne.'is to receive inflru£lion ; readi- 
 nefs to be taught. 
 
 DOCK, S. [dccca, Sax.] in Botany, lapa- 
 lium, Of rumsx, the empalement is permanent, 
 iixA compofed of three obtrufe reflex leaves. 
 
 DOCK, S, [^o-)(j.irj)/, Gr. the ftump part 
 of a horfe's tail j a place where water is let 
 in or out at plcifure, wherein Ihips are built, 
 repaired, or laid up. 
 
 To DOCK, V. A. [from dock, a tail] to 
 cut a tail ofT, or Ihort ; to cut any thing 
 fhort ; to lay a fhip in a dock. In Law, to 
 cut oH an entail 3 to lellen the charge of a 
 bill. 
 
 DO'CKET, S. a direftion tied or faftened 
 10 goods ; a fummary or abridgment ot a 
 larger writing, 
 
 DO'CTOR, S. [Lat.] one fo well verfed ia 
 any fcience as to be able to teach it ; a perfon 
 who has taken the higheft degree in mufick, 
 law, phyfick, or divinity. 
 
 DO'CTORAL, Adj. [doaortaUt, Lat. J 
 belonging to a doftor's degree. 
 
 DO'CTORALLY, Adv. after the manner 
 of a doftor, or phyfician. 
 
 DO'CTORSHIF, S. the oflice or rank of 
 a doflor. 
 
 DO'CTRiNAL, Adj. [fometimes accented 
 on the fecond fyllable ; [from dc^rina, Lat.J 
 belonging to, or containing, doftrine or in- 
 Aiudlion formerly taught. 
 
 DO'C-
 
 DOG 
 
 DO'CTRINALLY, Adv. pofitively ; in 
 the form of precepts or inftruftions. " With- 
 out delivering any thing doHrinally concerning 
 thefe points." Ray. 
 
 DO'CTRINE, S. [doHrlna, Lit.] the 
 principles or pofitlons of any feift: or mafler ; 
 the thcfis orjmaxtms delivered in a difcourfe, 
 any thing taught ; the aft of teaching. 
 
 DO'CUMENT, S. [Jocumentum, Lit ] an 
 inftrudtion, admonition, precept, or direftion ; 
 a precept of fomii dogmatical or pofilive per- 
 fon or mafter; vouchers, or original writings 
 produced in fupport of any charge, or accufa- 
 tion. 
 
 DOD'DER, S. [toutercn, Belg. to flioot up, 
 SIcinnerJ in Botany, a plant which twines 
 and propagates itfelf along the flalks of fome 
 other plant. 
 
 DOD'DERED, Adj. overgrown with dod- 
 def ; wafted or decayed, " A laurel grew — 
 doddered with ae;e." Dryd. 
 
 DODE'CAGON, S. [from foi^sxa, Gr. 
 twelve, and yuvw, a cornerj a figure having 
 twelve fides. 
 
 To DODGE, V. A. [probably corrupted 
 from dog\ to ufe craft, evafions, or low fhiits ; 
 to ftiift phce as another approaches. Figura- 
 tively, to play faft and loofe ; to raife high 
 expectations and bafflle them ; to rtiuffle, or 
 baffle. 
 
 DO'DMAN, S. a kind of fliell-fiiTi, which 
 calls its ihcll like the lobfter, and is likewife 
 called the hodmandod, " The craw fifti, the 
 hodmandod or dodman.''* Bacon. 
 
 DOE, S. [pronounced like the o in wo ; da, 
 Sax. dau, Dan. J a flie deer j the female of a 
 buck. 
 
 DO'ER, S. [from to do] one who performs 
 anything, whether good or bad ; a perfoimerj 
 one who praftifes. 
 
 DOG, S. [_dogghe, Belg.] a domeftic ani- 
 mal, the fpecies of which are remarkably 
 various, comprizing the maftiff, fpaniel, bull- 
 dog, hound, greyhound, terrier, &c. the 
 larger fort being ufed as guards, and the Icfs 
 for fports, Jn Aftronomy, the name of a 
 conftellation, called likewife Sirius, or Cani- 
 cula. Figuratively, ufed as a term of reproach 
 for a man. When added to the names of 
 other animals, it fignifies a male of the fpe- 
 cies, as a ^fii^-fox, a dog- oUcr. Ufed as a 
 particle, and added to another word, it figni- 
 fies fomething worthiefs, as a dog-rofe. To 
 fend or ghie to the dogs, is aphrafe implying, 
 to be ruined, made away witli by extravagance 
 or deftraved. 
 
 To DOG, V. A. to hunt or puifue like a 
 hound. 
 
 DO'GBANE, or DO'GSBANE, S. [fo 
 called by the antients from a belief that it 
 would kill dogs, called likewife apocynuniy 
 Lat. and aTroKuviv, Gr.J in Botany, lis cm- 
 palement hath a permanent empalemtm': of 
 oiu- le»f cut into five ftgmerUs at the top : it 
 haih but one petal, ol an open bell-ftiapc. 
 
 DOG 
 
 It IS ranged by Linnsus in the fecond divirtoa 
 of his fifth this, and is uivided into clevc^ 
 fpecies. 
 
 DO'C BERRY-TREE, S. in Botany, the 
 
 fame as the cornelian cherry. 
 
 DO'GBOLT, Adj. wretched ; roiferable; 
 I'orrv. " K\s dagboU fortune was fo low."" 
 Hud!h 
 
 DO'G-BRL^R, S. in Botany, the briar 
 which beus the hip, 
 
 DO'G-CHEAP, Adj. extremely cheap; as 
 cheap as dogs meat, or ofl".<ls which are throwa 
 to doRS. 
 
 DO'G-DAYS, S. the days in which the 
 dog-flar rifes and fets with 'he fun ; which, 
 on account of their great heat, are fnpoofei 
 to be very unwholelome or unhealthy. 
 
 DO'g'-FISH, S. in Natural Hiftory, a filt- 
 water-fifh, remarkable, according to Opian, 
 tor receiving its young into her belly on any 
 ftorm or danger, which ate faid Co cime out 
 again after ihe fright is over. 
 
 DOGE, S. [Yen. of dux; Lat. hence dc^ 
 gato, Ital, of diicJius, Lat. a ducliyj the title 
 of the fupreme mjgiilrate of tiie republics of 
 Venice and Genoa. 
 
 DO'G-FLY, S. a voracious, biting flv. 
 DO'GGED, A>ij. fullen; four; mo'rofe ; 
 or ill- humoured. 
 
 DO'GGEDLY, Adv. in a four, morofe, or 
 ill-humourel mnnner. 
 
 DO'GGEDNESS, S. a difpofition of mind 
 wl-ierein a pcrfon is not moved to pleafantry, 
 by any objefts of mirth, or pleafed by offices of 
 kindnefsand civility ; fullennefs ; morolsnefs. 
 DO'GGER, S. a fmall fli-p, or fifhing vef- 
 fel, built after the Dutch fafliion, with a nar- 
 row ftern, commonly but one maft, and .t well 
 in the middle for keeping fi(h alive ; princi- 
 pally ufed in fifhing on theDoggr Bank, from 
 whence it dei;ives its name. 
 
 DOGGEREL, S. in Poetry, applied to 
 "Yuch compulitions as have nciltier accuracy 
 with refpeft to their rhimes, harmony with 
 regard to their metre, dignity of expreflion, 
 fertility of invention, or elevation of lenti- 
 ment. 
 
 DO'GMA, S. [Lat.] an eftabli/hed prin- 
 ciple, axiom, nr rr,axim. 
 
 DOGMA'TIC, or DOGMATICAL, Adj. 
 pofitive ; ftroni!ly attached to any particular 
 notion or opinion ; authoritative, or imperi- 
 ous in turcing one's opinions as indubitable 
 truths, on ochers. 
 
 DOGMA'TICALLY, Adv. in a pofitive, 
 imperious or peremptory manner. 
 
 DOGMATICaLNESS, S. the quility of 
 bfioL' pofitive of the truth of one's own opi- 
 nion', and endeavouring to force them magil- 
 tcrially or imperioufly on others. 
 
 DOGM.'^'J'LST, S. one who advances his 
 opinions a; infallible, fupporls rliem with gri^at 
 obltinacy, and nugiftcrially demands the af- 
 fent of others to them. 
 
 To DO'GMATIZE, V. A. to advance 
 Z 3 any
 
 D O L 
 
 tny opinion pofitively, and en deavour to pro- 
 paj;ile it iinperioufly. 
 
 DOGM A'l IZER, S. one who advancei 
 op." ions w.th an air ot infolent confidence. 
 
 DO'G ROSE, S in Botany, the flower ol 
 the hip. SeeDO'G-BRIAR. 
 
 DO'G-SLEEP. S. a pretended ordiflembkrf 
 fl <H.. 
 
 DO'GS MEAT, S carrion or horfe ticfli, 
 fold for ihe tood of di'gs. Figuratively, any 
 ofi'jis, or cheap and bad Pu'cr.er'^ meat. 
 
 DO G-STAR, S. the flar which nles ana 
 ftts uitR the fun during the dcp-Jays. 
 
 DO'G'S-TOOTH, S. in Botany, called 
 likcw ,e kjOii's tO'th-violet. Tr.e tiowe' is 
 bti; ihapc. , ^o.nipol'ed oJ fix oblong petals, and 
 without in eir., ahmcnt, Linna. us ranges it 
 in the fiifi.fe£iion ol his fixth cJifs. 
 
 DO G TEETH, S. in A-i-iomy, the four 
 tee h, two >n tarh j.iw ; which are fituateo 
 between me i>ic:fcrcs and the eriikders : fiom 
 their fe''emi ling the tech in ihe lame fitua- 
 tion in a doa's-inouih they derive their narn;', 
 and are by fonre called ^he eye-ietth. 
 
 DO'G's-TRICK, S. an ill turn } fuily and 
 brutal tiealment. 
 
 DO'GTROT, S. a gentle trot, refembling 
 that of a dog. " Rodc — a dn^-iruP thruugh 
 tY.c ha'vjing crowd." Hudib, 
 
 DO'G WOOD, S. in IJotany, a plant, a 
 fpecirs Ol" the corni'hn cherry. 
 
 DO'iLy, S. a co^rJe woollen ftufr", lup- 
 pofed to be To called from the na.xe oi' the in- 
 ventor. " A d::Iy ituit." Cong. 
 
 DO'jNGS, S [plural, and leldcm ufed in 
 the fingular, (torn do iht veibj any thing per- 
 formed, whether gooa or bad. Peitormjuces ; 
 exploits; ;c'-.aviour; conduct j bulUe ; tu- 
 mult; mtirimeni. 
 
 DOli, S. [ihyt, Be!g, coygbt, EifeJ a 
 fmall piece of money, curreni; in H.jihind. 
 i-'i^urativtly, the lead value that can It fet on 
 a thint;. 
 
 DOLE, S. \Jhl. dal, of dabn, .Sax. to di- 
 vide itito (hares, lUcl, or deyl, Belg.J the z€t 
 of dividing, into fhares or portions. In Law, 
 a portion or fnite, Furtii.n or ci-ndition, ap- 
 plied to the circumflances, or incidents hap- 
 pening to a pcriin. Grief, forrow, mile y, 
 iiomdolio, Lit. to grieve. " in equal fcale 
 weitthi'ig dr.light and c.'s.V." ^tak. 
 
 To POLE, V. A [dicUn, Sax.] to divide 
 in portiufib or Ihares; to deal out, or diftri- 
 bute. 
 
 DOLE, S in Husbandry, a voi-i fpace left 
 in lillige. See i^Ai.E. 
 
 PO'LEFUL, .'^dj- difrnjl; forrowl'ul ; hav. 
 \?:^ tiie e::ttinal appearand: of lurrow j cifi 
 lan<hsly, 
 
 DO'l.ErnLLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to (hew ot cau:e turrovi', 
 
 DO'LtrULNLSS, S. the quality v.hich 
 /he\s or expreU'cs gnrf, or caufej it inolhers. 
 
 QO'LESO.ME, A.'j. f u I ot p\e, ex- 
 bciiitiy loiiowtuJ, applied topetfons. Gloomy, 
 
 DOM 
 
 dull, or afTeding a perfon with melancholy, 
 
 applied to things. 
 
 ' DO'LESOMLY, Adv, in fuch a manner 
 as to affect a perfon with, or to exprels deep 
 lorrow. 
 
 DO'LESOMENESS, S. the quality of af-. 
 feiSing a perfon with extreme forrow, 
 
 DOLL, S. a contra<5tion of Dorothy, anj 
 api^lied to a wooden image, cloaihed either 
 with the drel's of a female or male^ ufed ^»y 
 thldren as a play-thing, 
 
 DO'bLAR, S. [dalftr, Tent, dtelder, Belg.] 
 a fiiver coin made ul'e ot in Germany, nearly 
 of the value of a Spanifh piece, or a French 
 crown. 
 
 DO'LORIFIC, Adj. [dolorifcas, from do- 
 lor, Lit. pain or griet, and j'dcio, Lat. to 
 CiufeJ tli^it which canfes griei or pain. 
 
 DO'LOUR, S. [dolor, Lat.J grief or for- 
 row ** To«breaih the abundant dolour of the 
 heart." Shak. Pain or pang. , " The ^o/oari 
 of dejth." Bac. 
 
 DO'LOROUS, Adj. \dolor, Lat.] mourn, 
 lul or forrov.iul, applied to perlons, Afteft- 
 ing with grief or pain, applied to thinps. 
 
 DO/LPPIJN, S. [de!}.birms. Lat. JsX^iv, 
 Gr.J the name of a large fe.i-fifh. In Altro- 
 nomy, a con;kllation of the rorthern he« 
 mifphere, confifting of 18 ftars, 
 
 DOLT, S. [d'Jl, Teut.J a foci, or perfon 
 of dull apprehenfion j a blockhead. 
 
 DO'LTISH, Adj. ftupid ; like a fool or 
 b'ockhead. 
 
 DO'M.AIN, S, \doma'we, Fr. from doml- 
 r.ium, Lat.J land pofl'eflVd by one as a pruprie- 
 tor, heir, or governor. 
 
 DOME, S. [djmf, Fr. domus, Lat.] a houfe, 
 or builiiing, generally applied to a (lately 
 building, or to one fet apart for divine fervice. 
 In Arc.TitedWire, a roof of a Ipherical firm, 
 refembling the bell of a great clock, raifed 
 over the middle of a buil.iing, called by the 
 Italians csufipoLt, and by us a cupola. , 
 
 DOME'aTlC, or DOiWESTlCAL, Adj. 
 [domcJJkus, Lat.J belonging to a houfe, or the 
 minagcmcnt of a family j fit to inhabit a 
 houfe, applu-d to animals. Applied to wars, 
 intcrtint; or civil, cppofed to tftole carried oa 
 in a foreign country. 
 
 DOM'ESTIC, S. a fervant who lives in 
 the f.:me houfe with his mafter ; generally 
 applied to the fervants of perlons ot diflinc- 
 tion. 
 
 ToDO'MlNATE.V. A. \_dom\natuz, Lat.] 
 to prevail over others. " The dominaling 
 humour rr.akes the dream." Dryd, 
 
 DOMINA'TION, S. [do^urano, Lat.] ex- 
 erciie ot power ; gover':ment ; tyranny j or 
 a t!»o t'=at and inlolent (Ireich oi power and 
 au(ho:ily. ^ 
 
 To DOM.'NE'ER, V. N. [domlvor, Lat.J 
 to tx^rt au'hi.rily or pcv.-er in an inlolent, ar- 
 bitrary, and tyrannical manner. 
 
 DOI.li'NiCAL, Artj. noing the Lord's 
 day, or Sunday. The daminkal inter, in 
 
 Chrc-
 
 D O O 
 
 Chronology, is that which, denotes theSundaj 
 in almanack*, &c. throughout the year ; o( 
 thefe letters thrre are confequently feven, Se 
 gjo ling with the firft letter of the alphabet 
 and as in leap years there is an intercaliry 
 day, there are then two, the firft of which 
 denotes every Sunday till the intercalary d^y, 
 and the fecond all the Sundays which follow 
 after it. 
 
 DOMFNION, S. {dmimum, Lat.] the 
 exercife of' power or authority. The fpace of 
 gr'^und or territory fubje£l to a perfon, applied 
 to place. I'redomiodncy j preference i or order 
 of ance'f. 
 
 DON, S. ["Span, of dominus, Lat.j the 
 Sp'nifti title tor a gentleman. 
 _DO'NARY, S. Idrjnjrlum, Lat.] a thing 
 given for fac^ed ufes. 
 
 DONATION, S. [d'.naik, Lat.] the afl 
 ef giving eny thing voluntarily or unafked ; 
 the i:rant by which any thing is given j titlt: 
 to a thing given. ' 
 
 DON'ATIVE, S. [doKailf, Fr.] a gift, 
 largels, of fome confider^ble prefenr. In Ljw, 
 a benefice given and collated by the patron, 
 without any pr fentation to the ordinary, in 
 ftiiution by the oiJinary, or indudion by his 
 orders. 
 
 DONE, participle of do. 
 
 DONE, an interjeflion made ufe of by 
 the party, who accepts of, or agrees to, a 
 v?ger prnpofed by another perfon ; and im- 
 plies it is £i good di done, or let it be done, or 
 hi It tefo. 
 
 DO'NOR, ("from dor.o, Lat. to give] one 
 who gives a thing to jnoiher. 
 
 To DGOM.V. A. [domon, Sax.] to judge j 
 to pafs fentence againft j to condemn. 
 
 DOOM, S. [doin, Sax. duom, Teut.] the 
 fentence or condemnation of a judge ;the great 
 judgment at the \i\\ day ; the ftate to which 
 a perCon is deftined ; fate or dcttruiflion. Sen- 
 tence, or the I»ft determination of the judg. 
 ment wi h rcfied to the condition cf a perfon. 
 
 DOO'MSDAY.S. \d;njeda(g, Sax.J the lafi 
 
 day, when judgn-.ent it lo !e paOed upon alJ 
 
 mankind'; the dsy of judgment. "As it 
 
 ^tri'dcomfdayy t^hak. The day in which a 
 
 '\ perfon is condemned, or is to be executed. 
 
 All fouls-day is my body's </c3/W'(/i7v '' S/Li'J. 
 Doontfday-book, in Sax. dtin hoc, a b^ok of the 
 lurvey of ingbriJ, msde by William thi 
 Conqueror, which is ftill ufcd to de ermine 
 the qu-ftion, whether tenures are of aniieni 
 demefne or not > 
 
 DOOR, S. [from dora or dare, S-x daur, 
 Go'h. dor, Biit. Dan, and Arm. dai , feif 
 dera, Epirot. dcuro, Sclav, duira, Lii(. duti, 
 Corinth, divir, B.ih. ./.-rr^j, 1-rfe, d,ivs, Brit.j 
 a vacant (pace left in a buildinir, through 
 which perfons enter or go out. 'fhis is ge- 
 nerally applied to private houfes; but the en- 
 trance into cities, pahres, cr the manficns ot 
 the nobility, is called a Tflff. Figuratively, a 
 Jioufc, paflage. avenue, ifilet, or .my mia-is 
 
 DOR 
 
 by w-hi'h an approach or entrance may be 
 maje. " .Shuts the door againft r\\ tempta- 
 tions." O-Jt if dons, is fi;ir.ciimes ufrd for 
 a thing aboliibed, Irid afide, <|uite gone, va- 
 niftier), exploded, or fent away. " Hi? ima- 
 rinary title of fatherhood is eur rf do-rs," 
 Locke. At tie door, implies fomelhmg ne?r, 
 impendent or imminent " Death is at rke 
 uoor,'" At lie iloar of a pe'fon, fign'ficv fome- 
 tiiing that may be chargrd or imputed lo a 
 perfon, and feems to allude to the . uftom of 
 dropping fpurious children at the ooors of the 
 fuppi.ffd parents. " The fauit lies wholly 
 at my door."" Dryd. 
 
 DOO'R-CaS£, S. the frarres in which 
 donrs M«L hfiOg. 
 
 DQ/QUET, S. in Law, a paper containing 
 a w rr.fnr. 
 
 DO'RMANT, Acj. [fr.] deeping; in a 
 fleeping p .fture. Secret, or privite, oppo'ed 
 io puhl;c '• There were other dormant muf- 
 ter-. of foldier?." BtJcn. 
 
 DO/RMI'JORy, S. \do'mitorit„n, Lst.J 
 a place furnifhtd, for /Iceping in, wi'h a 
 g'eat many beds. In old record?, a burial 
 plice. 
 
 DO'R MOUSE, S. [,•«« dcrrnkns, Lat.] 
 3 mouie which paiFes a great pan of the winier 
 i ; flecp. 
 
 DORN, S. [dcrn, Teut. 3 thorn] in Na- 
 tur, 1 Hiftory, a fifii, perhaps the fame as the 
 thorn- b.ick. 
 
 DORR, S. [tor, Teut. ftupid] in Na- 
 'ural Hiftory, an infedl, fo called from its 
 f^'und, and named likew fe the hedge-chaf- 
 fer. lt!> head i'; fmall like that o^ the com- 
 mon hurtle ; the cafes oi its wings, leg?, and 
 :he end of its t^ril, which a'e long and f.at- 
 poiiiti-d, are of a rhefnut cilour, and its breaft 
 IS covered with downy hair. 
 
 DO'RSEL, or DORSLR, S. {dorfun:, Lat. 
 ihe backj a pa.'./iier cr bag hung on e..ch 
 I'.de of a horfe, for holding tilings of a Imal 
 bulk. 
 
 DO'KSCTSHfRE, S. a countv of England, 
 bounded by Stimerfetfliire ?nd Wih/hire, on 
 the N. by Devonfhire a' d ((^me p rtc oi So- 
 merfctfliire on the W. by fjampfnire on the 
 E. and py the Engiifti channel i;n the S. Ir-; 
 extent on the coall if f;fty imies j but in the 
 injand ptirts not more th. n forty from E. io 
 W. nor thirty-four whe« b:oa:'eIt. Ucon- 
 taij.s 7720:0 .'icres, and 152000 inhabi- 
 tants; alfo 24ii p»r:ihi.s, twenty-two bo- 
 loiith and fnaitiLct towns ; and including the 
 two kniuhts fi r ihe ft'rc. ftn)s twenty men - 
 bers to p.iiliainirni. It lies tn the dipcefc of 
 Briftol, containing the deirric? of Bridpor", 
 Dortiit(r«T, WfiiTiniirc':!,, Hiirtperr, asd Sh^t- 
 ton. This is a very plcal'jnt cou.'.ty, inters 
 (perfed with hills and truiiful plains ; the 
 air is fomething (harp on the higher ground.*, 
 mild near the oafV, arrt healihy aiuiolt eve- 
 ry whtto. It aboundF in com, pafiorc?, and 
 <atth-, p^J.^Jci^g r!:j hemp : here great 
 Z 4 I'uantitiv*
 
 DOT 
 
 D O U 
 
 (juantltles of linen and weoUen cloth are]" Pollards and if;r/arjj are not to us at tlilj 
 inade. No ihire can match it for plenty of j full height." Bacon, 
 
 excellent ftone, particuliily in the quarries DO'TTEREL. S. in Natural Hiftorv, a 
 cf Portland and Purbeck, in the latter of bird which miiriicks geftures and aftions, and 
 
 which maibjc is dug fometimes; and from 
 l^lackmore foreft the county has fufiiciency 
 cf timber. Many of the gentlemen's feat?, 
 and the buildings in the towns, aie very gen- 
 teel. The bed tobacco-pipe c!ay is dug about 
 I'ool and \Yarcham. Jts principal riv; rs are 
 the Slower, Frome, Piddle, Lyddon, Dulifli 
 ?nJ Allen, which fupply all fort; of river-fifh, 
 as the potts farnilh thofe of the 'ea, and the 
 rocks on the co.:ll famphira ^nd erlnjjo. This 
 county has plenty of wild-fowl, and all forls 
 of game ; fo th.;t it has been often ftiled the 
 pafiien of England. Jt is of fnecia! n^'te for 
 its fine October beer ; great quaniieb of which 
 ate drank in London and Wellrninfit-r. li 
 gave title of eail, now that of dulce, to the 
 SackviHe farriilv. 
 
 DOILSlTElloUS, or DORSIPAROUS, 
 Adj. [from (icijum, Lat. the back, and fur, 
 pi J.uiio, Lat. to bearj bearing and bringing 
 forth on the back. In Botany, applied tn 
 plants of the capillary kind, without ilalk, 
 •which bear their feeds on the back fide 
 ot their leaves j fuch as the fern, (^c- In 
 Natural Hi'.iory, applied to the American 
 frog, \vhich brings forth her young at her 
 back 
 
 DO'RTURE, S. [J-ruir, Fr.] a place to 
 fleep in ; a bed chamber. *' Ke led us to a 
 g-l!eiv like a djrture." Bac. 
 
 DOSE, S. fJ^cTf,-, fro.-n JiV. Gr. to 
 give] in Phyfic, as much of any medicine ai 
 it is proper for a perfon to take at one time 
 As much ot any liquor as a perfon can be^r ; 
 fomet'mes ufed for that quantity which in 
 toxii-aies a perfon. 
 
 DO'SSIL, S. a pledgtt ; or a fmall lump 
 or quantity of lint to be laid en a fore. 
 
 DOT, S. a firall point or fpot made to 
 mark any thing, by prelling the tip of a pen 
 on the paper in writing, and reiembling the 
 mark at the end of this I'entence [.]. 
 
 To DOT, V. A. to Cjake round fpots in 
 writirg. 
 
 DOTAGE, S. [from ^oti] want or weak- 
 nefs of undeiflanding ; exccflive fondneis for 
 any perfon or thing, generally applied to per 
 fons advanced in years. 
 
 DO'T.'^RD, S. a perfon whofe underhand 
 i: g is im;?jirel by age. 
 
 To DOTE, V. N. [Jaen, Belg. rodoicr, 
 Fr,] to have one's underftanding impaired by 
 age, or pafiion. Ai'.iv^ly, to reg.iid with ex 
 ctfllve for.ins''s. 
 
 DO'TER, S. one whofe underflar.dirg is 
 impaired hy years j One who loves a perfon oi 
 thing wiili excfinve londnefs. 
 
 DO' I INGLY, Adv. with an cxccfs of latv 
 or fondt^eU. 
 
 DO'TTARD, S. in Gardening, atieekeu! 
 from gsowint; to its full hciglith by tuaii^g. 
 
 is generally caught by that means. 
 
 DOU'BLE, Adj. [Fr. ,iup/e, Erfe] two 
 things of the fame fort, joined- in paiis, and 
 anfwering each other. In Botany, having 
 oae added to another j having more than one 
 in the fame order, or more petals than are 
 generally produced in the natural w^y. Twice 
 as much, applied to quantity j the fame num- 
 ber repeated. Having twice the eft'ed. or in- 
 fluence, applied to power. Deceitful, a£)ing 
 two parts, one openly, and a different one in 
 priva'e. It is ufed in compofnion for two 
 w<iys, as doutie ed^ed, having an edge on each 
 fide j or for twice the number or quantity : 
 d-jul'e-dyed, i. e. twice dyed. 
 
 To DOUBLE, V. n! [pronounced dubble] 
 to ericreife to twice the quantity, number, 
 vaiue, or ftrength ; to turn back, to wind in 
 iiinning. Aciively, an.ong failors, to pafs 
 louiid a cape or promontory ; to pafs, to fold; 
 to repeat the fame word j to encrcafe by ad- 
 dition. 
 
 DOU'BLE, S. twice the quantity, number, 
 value, or quality ; ftrong beer, fo called from 
 its bring twice as firong as the common fort, 
 " Here's a pot of gocd dcubW' SlaL In 
 Hunting, a turning back or winding made by 
 gan-.e. 
 
 DOU'BLE-BITING, Adj. biting or cu'- 
 ting on each fide. " His doubie-bliing axe." 
 Dryd. 
 
 DOU'BLE- DEALER, S. one who is de- 
 ceitful, by aiff ir.g two pares at the fame time, 
 one to a perfon's face, and the other behind 
 his back. 
 
 DOU'BLEDEALING, S. an artifice ; 
 difiiirulation ; the afting two different par:s ; 
 by pretending friendfhip to a perfon's face, 
 and at the fame time being intimate with 
 his enemy j \ow, infidious, and fraudulent j 
 cunning. 
 
 POU'BLE-MINDED, Adj. deceitful, aft- 
 ng two contrary parts J profccuting coatrary 
 defiftus. 
 
 DOUBLE'NESS, S. the ftate of a thing 
 repeated twice ; the (fate of a thing folded, 
 or made twice its natural fize. 
 
 DOU'BLE TONGUED. Adj. giving con- 
 trary a counts of the fame thing; deceitful. 
 
 DOU'BLER, S. one who is guilty of de- 
 ceit or diilimulation^j one who encreafes any 
 thin? by repetition, addition, or folding. 
 
 DOU'BLET, S. [proncunct-d dub'e:^ an 
 under or inner garment, fo called from its 
 affording double the warmth of another. 
 
 DOU'BLOW, S. [Fr.] a Spanifh coin va- 
 lufd at two pifiolef. 
 
 DOU'BLy, Adv. in a twofold manner; in 
 twice the quantity ; or twice the degree. 
 
 To DOUBT, V.N. [pronounced donvt ^ 
 ifoni dauLiir, Fr, dulnto, Lit.] to qutftjon ;
 
 D O U 
 
 io be unable to determine the reality, truth, 
 cr poffibility of a thing, on account of the 
 equality of the arguments on each fide j to 
 fear ; to fufpedt ; to hefitate ; to defift or 
 keep from adion through fufpence. " Stand 
 at the door of life, and douit to cloath the 
 year." To fear ; to fufpeft ; todiflruft. 
 
 DOUBT, S. uncertainty ; fufpence ; a ftate 
 of the rhind wherein it remains undeter- 
 mined. Figuratively, a queflion or fome point 
 undetermined and unfettkd ; afcriipkj per 
 plexity J fufpicion ; a difHcuky propofed to 
 the underftanding. 
 
 DOLf'BTER, S. one who is not able to 
 determine the truth or probability of a 
 thing J one who is in an uncertain ttate of 
 mind. 
 
 DOU'BTFUL, Adj. See DOUBT, full 
 of uncertainty J not fettled in opinion. Am- 
 biguous, or not clear, applied to the mean- 
 ing of words j not determined in the mind, 
 on account of the equality of the proofs yor 
 and againji ; not fecure j fufpicious ; timo- 
 rous. " With doultful iiitt and wavering re- 
 folution." Mdi. 
 
 DOU'BTFULLY, Adv. with uncertainty 
 and irrefolution ; with ambiguity, or v;an: of 
 clearnefs. 
 
 DOU'BTFULNESS, S. a ftate of the 
 mind, wherein it is unable to determine 
 certainty, reality, or tru'.h, for want of 
 preponderating proofs ; uncertainty. That 
 which may admit of various and contrary 
 fenfes, applied to words. " To involve his 
 adverfary in the doubtfulnejs of his expref- 
 fions." Locke. 
 
 DOU'BTINCLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to be uncenain with refpctl to the reality 
 or truth of a thing; in luch a manner as to 
 be fearful of fome future ill. 
 
 DOU'BTLESS, Adj. without any fear or 
 appr henfion of danger or ill j without doubt ; 
 certainly. 
 
 DOU/BTLESS, Adv. without doubt, 
 queftion, or uncert ;i(y. 
 
 DOU'CEURS, [plural, Fr.] flattering and 
 engaging careHes in order to divert a perfon 
 from rage, or to inlinudte one's felf into his 
 good opinion. 
 
 DOUC'KER, [from douck, a corruption 
 of duck'\ in Natural Hiftory, a water-lowl, 
 whofe fabric is remarkably adapted for 
 diving, 
 
 DOVE, S. [dwva. Sax. duyf, Belg. daub, 
 du-vo, Teut. due, Dan. J a v^ilJ p'geon, gene- 
 rally applied to the female of the Ipecics, 
 
 _ DO'VE-COT, S. a fmall building in which 
 pigeons are kept ; a pigeon- houfe. 
 
 DO'VE-TAIL, S. m Carpentry, a form 
 or manner of joining boards or timber, by 
 letting one piece into anoiiier, in form of a 
 wedge reverfed, or a dove's tjll. This is one 
 of the ftrongeft kinds of joinings. 
 
 DOUGH, S. [pronounced do, i'i>unding the 
 «like that in no j from dab, b«x. detgh, Bi-lg, 
 
 DOW 
 
 deyah, Dan.] thrf pafte made for bread or pie?, 
 before it is baked. 
 
 ftoUGHTY, Adj. [pronounced do-wty i 
 from dohiy, Sax. ftrong, deuched, Belg. virtuej 
 brave, noble, illultrious, in ancient autiiors. 
 Obltinately brave; flif}'. Ufed by moderns tD 
 convey fome ludicrous or ironical idea of 
 ftrerigth and courage. 
 
 DOU'GHY, Adj. [prononnced doey\ not 
 baked ; not baked enough. Figuratively, foft 5 
 not confirmed by years or education in the 
 love of virtue. 
 
 To DOUSE, V. A. [Sy;j-,j, Gr. a fall] to 
 plunge luddenly over head in the water ; to 
 give a perfon a box on the ear. Neuterly, to 
 !all fuddenly into the water. 
 
 DOUSE, S. a box on the ear 3 a low and 
 cant word. 
 
 DOWAGER, S. [doualrie, Fr.] a-widow 
 who has a jointure; a title given to the wi- 
 dows of kings, or other nobility. 
 
 DOV/'DY, S. an aukward, ill-drefTed, and 
 clownilh woman. 
 
 DO'WER, or DOWERY, S, [douain,, 
 Fr. dos, Lat.j the fortune which a woman 
 brings her hufband at marriage; that which 
 a widow pnlTelTes as her right or jointure. 
 DO'WERED, Part, portioned. 
 DO'WERLESS, Adj. without a portion. 
 DO'WLASS, S. a coarfe kind of linen, 
 DOWN, S. [formerly fpelt doon, from 
 diaia, Ifl. a feather, dun, Dan, dun -veders, 
 Belg.] foft feathers, generally thofe which 
 grow on the breafts of birds or fowls. Figu- 
 ratively, that which foftens or alleviates any 
 uneafy fenfation ; foft wool, or tender hair. 
 
 DOWN, S. [dun, dune, Sax. a mountain, 
 dune, Etfe, dounos, Celt.j a large open plain 
 or valley. In the plural, ufed for a road near 
 the coaft of Deal in Kent, which is paflcd by 
 (hipping homeward and outward bound, and 
 ;s a general place for men of war to rendez- 
 voufe ; a hill or rifing-ground. 
 
 DOWN, Part, from a higher to a lower 
 fuuition ; along a defcent, from a rifing 
 ground to the plain on which it (lands. To- 
 wards the mouth, applied to a river. " Con- 
 veyed Jotun the river.'* 
 
 DOWN, Adv. on the ground ; from a higher 
 to a lower fituation ; tending to the ground or 
 towards the center. Out of fight, or below the 
 horizon, applied to the f tuation of" the fun, 
 moon, &c. " The mom is down.''' Shak. 
 To boil doivn, is to exhauft all its ftrength, or 
 fo as to macerate, or boil to pieces. Up and 
 d:zvn,evety where, or without any confinement 
 to place. "Let them wander up and do-wit 
 lor meat." Pj'al. lix. 15. 
 
 DOWN, lnterje£\. to fling a perfon on the 
 ground, or make him fall by means of a bfow j 
 to demolifh or deftroy a building. 
 
 DO'WNFALL, S. ruin, applied to build- 
 ings. Calamity, difgracc, or change from a 
 (tale of dignity, afliuence, and power, to one 
 uf indigf-nce, mifcry, and difgrace. 
 
 4 DOWN-
 
 D R A. 
 
 DOWNLOO'KED, Adj. with the eyes 
 <»lt or locking tov.'ards the ground, the na- 
 tural txprtflioii of forrow. " D'-ii'^i/c.ok'J, and 
 viih a f iickow on het fift." Dryd. 
 
 UO'VVNRiGHT, Adv. ftrai; down; in a 
 flrait or perpendicular line j in plain terms. 
 Wiihou: any diflin/ulation, flattery, or ccte 
 IBonv, ajiplied to language. 
 
 DO'WNRiCnT, Adj. plain ; open j pro- 
 ftflcU ; wi:houc cifguil'c or d fiirrulaiion j 
 direiiMy tending to ihe point; without cir- 
 cumlocution ; aitiefs, applied to the manner 
 er method ot any jiarritive or ftcny j without 
 ceiemonj ; honeltlv : furhiy. 
 
 DO'V. NSlTTiNG, S. the aft of going to 
 left, alluding to the eaftern culiom or lying 
 on ine giound ; rtft ; repofe ; or the time ot 
 yepoftne. " Thou knoweft my Htnvitfttting 
 aiid uprifinfi." rpl. cxxxix. 2. 
 
 DO'VvNWARD, or DOWNWARDS, 
 Aov. [rian ivesrd, Sax. from duna, Sax. and 
 ni'tard, Sax. j twW«rds the csnter, or towards 
 the ground ; from a higher to a lower fitua- 
 tion. in a courle of luccellion from father to 
 fon, &"<:. applied 10 del'cent or genealogy. 
 
 DO'WNWARD, Adj. moving from a 
 higher to a lower lituition j declining, bend- 
 ing, or doping towards the ground. 
 
 DO'WNV, Aej. covered with foft and fliort 
 feathers, or with snap ; made of Ibit tezthers 
 or down j foft ; tencer ; foothing. " Shalce 
 ©ft' this dcivny fleep." Sbak. 
 
 DOXG'LOGY, S. [from h^a, glory, and 
 >:y'^, Gr. a fpeech or cxpiefhonj a fhori verfc 
 or fentence including pr-ife and thankfgiving 
 to God ; fuch as " G'cry be to the Father, and 
 to the Son, and to the Holy Gboji." This was 
 called the gteater dsxology, and received its 
 latter nam: from its beginning with the world 
 is^a, which lit;n\fi^s ff/o'-j'. 
 
 DO'XY, S. a ftrumpct, proftiture, or one 
 who lives and beds with a man withoat being 
 married. 
 
 To DOZE, V. N. [was. Six. does, Belg. 
 to be (lupified, or aftonifhedj to llumyer ; to 
 be half-alleep ; to be in a ftate ot lleepinefs. 
 Adtivdiy, to ftupify, or make dull. 
 
 DO'ZEN, S. [pronounced duz.n, from dou 
 aame, Fr.j a culicction of twelve things or 
 perfons. 
 
 DO'ZINESS, S. fleepinefs, drowfinefs ; a 
 ftrong inclination or propcnfity to fleep. 
 
 DU'ZY, Adj. inclined to fieep ; diowfy ; 
 fl-epy. 
 
 DRAB, S. [dra'he,.S,7iX. and Belg. dregsj a 
 common proftiiuic, a loole or unchafte wo- 
 man i a thick cloth niade of wool. 
 
 DRACHM, S. [dracbiua, L.t.] an an- 
 ticiu filvcr coin, worth about lev.a pence 
 three farthings rterhng ; the l6th part ot an 
 fiunce Avoirdupois weight. Among ap t''-''- 
 taries, the Stn part of an ounce, v.eigii'ng 
 eilherAhrec fcruplcs, or 60 grains. An an- 
 cient Jewifh coin, having on one lidean harp, 
 and on the leveiie a bunch of grapes, called 
 
 D R A 
 
 by the Jewi half a /hekel, but by the Greeks 
 a drflcbm, 
 
 DRACU'NCULUS, S. [Lat. a diminutive 
 of draco, Lat, and implying a little dragonj 
 a worm breeding between the flcin and the 
 fl-lh in hot countries, and reported t8 grow to 
 the length of Icveral yards. 
 
 DRA'FFY, Adj. abounding in dregs or 
 fediments. Fituratively, worthlefs, or only 
 fit to be flung away. 
 
 To DRAG, V. A. [dragan. Sax. draghtn, 
 Belg.j to pull along the ground by maijj 
 toice ; to draw along contemptuoufly, and as 
 unworthy anj notice j to pull along with 
 violence. N ?uteriy, to hang fo low aS to trail 
 upon the ground. , 
 
 DRAG, S. [dra-g-net. Sax.] an inHrur 
 ment with hooks, uled to caith hold of 
 things under water. 
 
 To DRA'GGLE, V. A. to make dirty 
 by trailing along the ground. Nculerly, to 
 grow or become dirty, by drawing along tho 
 ground. 
 
 DRA'G.NET, S. a net which is drawn 
 along tl^e bottom oi the water. 
 
 DRA'GON, S. [Fr. dragon, Ital. draco, 
 hit. of Jjaxiv, Gr.J a icrpenr, whether 
 real or imaginary, fuppofed to be furnilhed 
 with wii.'g5, and to grow to an enormous 
 fize. Figuratively, one of a fierce and vio- 
 lent temper. Jn Scripture, hieroglyphically 
 applied io flgnify the ferpent or the cevil, 
 the temper and profefled enemy of human 
 happinels, 
 
 DRA'GON's -BLOOD, S. in Pharmacy, 
 a roGn io named from lome falfe opinion, as 
 proccecing fiom the dragon's combating with 
 the elephani. It 13 moiierately heavy, tiii^ile, 
 or brittle, and in the mafs of a duiky red } 
 out when powdered, of a bright fcailet j it 
 has liLtle fmcll, and is of a refinoas and 
 aliringent tafte. It is produced from no lefs 
 than tour vegetables ot diffeient pans ot the 
 world. 
 
 DRA'GON-FLY, S. in Natural Hiftoty, 
 a bliiih tiying inlcCt w'vh a narrow and long; 
 boay, lutnifhed with two pair ot wings, and 
 a (Hng at the tail. 
 
 DRA'GON's,. HEAD, S. in Bot,«ny, a 
 pLnt, wic.i a l<!biated tiower of Ohe It-al. 
 
 DRA'CON-TR^E, S. in iBotany, a fpe- 
 cies o; the p..lm-tree, common in ihc Ma- 
 deira Ifla, (!i. 
 
 DR.-iGU'ON, S. [dra-;en, Teut. to car- 
 ryj a I'oldier, who leives both oij loot and 
 horfeWack, 
 
 To DRAIN, V. A. f.'rj/^r, Fr.] to draw 
 oft' wa er or ftthtr fluiis gradually ; to emp- 
 ty a ve.iel by graau ijy draw;ng cf< whjt it 
 contains; 10 dry, by letting in Uich a pof- 
 tur or joCtion is the liuid onufb necellarily 
 rjn out. 
 
 DRAIN, S. a channel through which 
 waicis are graou.lly cxluui'.ed or liiawn j a' 
 waier-ccurfe ; a Huice. 
 
 DRAKE,
 
 D R A 
 
 DRAKE, S. [</w^, Belg.] a wster-fowl, 
 the male of a duck. A fmall piece ot can 
 non, from draco, Lat. '' Two or three 
 fhots made at ihcm by a couple of drakes.^' 
 Clarendon, 
 
 DRAKE, (Sir Francis) the Son of Ed 
 niund Drake, an honeft failor, born near 
 Tdviftjck, in 1545, and brought up at the 
 cxpence and under the care oi Sir John 
 Hawkins, his klnfman. He was one ot the 
 Bioft diiiingai(hed naval heroes in the reign 
 of queen Elizabeth. To recite all his great 
 and lerviceablc alliens, would require a vo- 
 lume rather than a paragraph in this woik ; 
 but thofc who chufe to be fully acqiuinted 
 with hi; worth, may ^e abundantly fatished 
 by recurring to liis life in Dr. Cainpbi;li's 
 Hiftory of the Britilh Admirals. Thus much 
 we muft add, that he was a man, who ini^ht 
 be faid to have a head to contnv.-, a heart to 
 undertake, and a hand ready to execute what- 
 ever promifcd glory to himfelf, and good to 
 his country. The moft diftinguilhii.g action 
 of his life, his voyage round the globe, gives 
 Tis fuch a fignal inftance of courage, intrepi- 
 dity, (agacity, and difcre;ion, as fcarce feem 
 to have met in any one man before hin). 
 And if we confider him as the great author 
 oi our navigation to the Weft and Eaft-ln- 
 dies, as one who fhewed it praifticable to ad 
 againft the Spanijrds both by fea and Ijnd ; 
 as the introducer of tobacco into this kingdom; 
 as the promoter of the cheft atChaihtni, 
 for the relief of feamen wounded in the fcr 
 vice of ih'jir country, and of his railing the 
 reputati.ifi oftheEn^lifh failors fo high, thjt 
 they were fought after and employed by all 
 nations of the 'world, we may look on him 
 as the remote caufe of our granr^eur, and 
 the extenfivenefs of our commerce. As 
 fome account of his perfon and character 
 may not be unacceptable, we add, that his 
 ffaiure was low, but well fet, his chtft open 
 and broad, his head very round, hi:- hair of a 
 tine brown, his beard full and comely, nis 
 eyes large and clear, his complexion fair, and 
 his countenance frefti, chearful, and engaging. 
 As navigation had been his whole ftuoy, lb he 
 knew it throughly, and was perfect inalhr of 
 every fcience, elpccijlly agronomy, which 
 could render him complete in the nautic art. 
 Though he did not poliih his fpcech by ftndy. 
 
 D R A 
 
 aflj in Poetry, a piece or poem compofei 
 tor the liage, in winch fome adion is rcpre- 
 lenied. 
 
 DRAMATIC, or DRAMATICAL, Adj. 
 reprefented by atliun, or on the flage. 
 
 DRAMATICALLY, Adv after the man- 
 ner of a poem adea on the itage j reprefen- 
 tatively. 
 
 DR A'MATJST, S. the author or compofer 
 of a dramatic piece afted on the ftage. 
 DRANK, the preter of Drink. 
 DRA'PER, .S. one wiio fells either linen 
 or woollen cloth. 
 
 DR A'FER Y, S. the trade or art of making 
 cloth ; cloth made either of linen or wool- 
 len. In Painting or Sculpture, the repre- 
 Idntation ol the garments or cloathing of any 
 figure. 
 
 DRASTIC, Adj. [JjariK^, from Jj:.*, 
 Gr. to aft or wotkj poiffeifui, vigorous, 
 efficacious. In Medicine, a remedy which 
 works Toon, or with fpeed. 
 
 DR.'iUGH, S. [pronounced and corruptly 
 written d>aff'] refule ; ("will ; a fcum of a pot j 
 pot liquor, or the liquor given to hogs. '* Still 
 fwine eat all the Jraa^A."" Sha<;. 
 
 DRAUGHT, S. [fro.Ti drah, dra^bt, 
 Belg.J the aft of drinking \ a quantity of 
 liquor drank at once : liquor drank, for plea- 
 luie} that which is fie for a perfon to d.ink ; 
 ihe adion of movijig or dragging carriages. 
 "Oxen for all forts of diaughc." 7eji:pk. 
 The quality of being drawn or moved by 
 r'uUing, " The Herlfurdihire wneel-plongh 
 -s the bed, and 01 the eaficft draught." Tne 
 cpicieniation ofa perfon or thing by paintine, 
 A (Iic;cn or plan of fome building or pidure} 
 a picture. In Filhi')g, the ad of catching 
 hlh O'j a drag-net. The ad of drawing or 
 ihootiiig a bow. In War, forces drawn olF 
 'torn tile main army ; a li'ik or drain. " Ii 
 caft into the draugk'." hlut. xv. 17. The 
 depth wliich a veliol fiuks into the water. 
 In Commerce, a tjill draivn by ^ne perfon an. 
 another for money. In the plural, a game 
 played on a chequered table, with round pieces 
 of box and eb ;ny. 
 
 To DRAW, V. A. [preter, 3rtw\ parri- 
 c;p. pall, draion^ dragan. Sax. draper, Dan.j 
 to pull along upon ih= g'ounj from on«i place 
 to another j to pull up, or raife from a deep 
 place ; to aitrad \ 10 draw towards itfelt. 
 
 yetit was ftrong. nervous, concife; and though ^'o bie.ithe, or inhale, applied to air. To 
 not diiTufe, eloquent and captivating J and to | take from a 
 
 conclude his ciiarader with the v;ords cl 
 Fuller, *' He was a religious man towards 
 God and his houles, where he came; challo 
 in hi« life, juft m his dolings, true oi bis 
 word, and merciful 10 thofe who were under 
 him, hating nothing fo much as ii-lener";. 
 
 DRAM, S. a fmall quantity. " "Ha dram 
 of juogment." /)ry, iJuch a quantiiy of 
 di.'tiUed or fpirituous liquors, as is uliially 
 drank at once ; fpirituous lie jors 
 
 a calk or vcfljl j to pull out of 
 the fcatbirdj to unHieath j to tjke bread 
 out of an even. To unclolc, if clofe before, 
 iiut to cJofe tDgether, if opm, applied to cur- 
 tains. In PaintiHt;. ''> repri:.''ent the likc- 
 ncis of auy perfon or ihing, I'itt.cr by a pen- 
 cil, pen, ur colours ; to imrly, infer, or iii- 
 irudace a confe.iucncc. In Cookery, to dlf- 
 embowel j to take out the Luts of poultry ; 
 toeniicej to feducc, t<) inveigle; to prevail 
 on by fonctnefs. In Commerce, to addrcfs 
 
 DRA'MA, S. m^i>.:>, from ^i-i), Or. lo a bill for a fum cf money to a'perfon. In 
 
 I Military
 
 D R E 
 
 D R E 
 
 Military Affjits, to detach or feparate from . who lives in continual fear or apprehenfion o£ 
 
 the main body; to prepare for a£lion ; lo I lome danger. 
 
 range in battle array. 7o drazv up, to ^orm DRE'ADFUL, Adj. caufing erceflive fear j 
 
 in writing ; to compofe. To contradl or fTirinU. frightful. 
 
 " £>r<iw into lefs room," Bac. To take a DRE'ADFULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 
 csrd out of a pack, or a lot from a number as to caufe fear or terror. 
 
 of others ; to rtiakc a fore run, or difchargc j DRE'ADFULNESS, S. that quality which 
 
 matter, Ta dra-w back, to retreat or retire j caufes excefTive fear or terror. 
 
 to retrafta defign, or decline an undertikine. I DRE'ADLESS, Adj, void of fear 3 un- 
 
 To draiu off, to decline an engagement, or 
 jn,ike A retreat. 
 
 DRAW, S. the aft of drawing; the lot or 
 change taken or drawn. 
 
 DRA'WBACK, S. money paid back or 
 abated for ready payment. Figuratively, a 
 deduftion, or diminution of the value or qua- 
 lities of a thing. In Commerce, certain 
 duties eii her of thecuftoms orexcife, allowed 
 »)pon the expoitation of Tome of our own ma- 
 nutaflures, or on certain foreign merchandi- 
 zes, that have p»id a duty on importation. 
 
 DRA'WBRIDGE, S. a bridge moving on 
 hinges, and, by means of chains, lifted up or 
 let down at plealure, in order to pieferve, or 
 dcftroy the communication between two places, 
 Of a country and lome fort. 
 
 DRA'WER, S. ap^ilied to perfons, one em- 
 ployed in fetching water from a well, or cock. 
 Jn public houfes, one who draws liquors from 
 cafks ; one who forms the refemblance ot a 
 pcrloii on paper or canvas, with a pen, pencil, 
 
 daunted. 
 
 DRE'ADLESSNESS, S. a difpofition of 
 mind that is void of fear; intrepidity, uti- 
 dauntednefs. 
 
 DREAM, S. [pronounced dreme, from 
 drocim, Belg.j the images which appear to 
 the mind during lltep. Figuratively, a chi- 
 mera ; a groundlefs tancy, or conceit, which 
 has no exiftence but in the imagination. 
 
 To DREAM, V. N. to have ideas in the 
 mind, while the outward fenfes are flopped 
 during fleep, which are neither fuiigettcd by 
 any extetnal objedl or knawn occafion, nor 
 are under the rule of the underftanding ; to 
 think, to imagine, to fancy, without reafon, 
 Aflively, to perceive during fleep. 
 
 DRE'AMER, S. one who perceives things 
 during deep, without the fuggeftion of ex- 
 ternal objedts; a perfon fond of conceits j a 
 fanciful man. 
 
 DRE'AMLESS, Adj. without dreams. 
 
 DREAR, Adj. [dreering, Sax. uAeafyJ af- 
 
 or brufli. Applied to things, that which hai [ fefting with melancholy ; mournful, 
 the power of attradling towards itfelf. ln\ DRE'ARY, Adj. [dreorig, Sax.] full of 
 Surgery, that which difcharges humours. Morrow, or mournful, applied to perfons. 
 A box which Aides in a groove or cafe. In Gloomy, difmal, or afFedling with melan- 
 
 the plural, that part of drcfs which covers the 
 thighs and pofteriors, generally made of linen, 
 and made to fit very clofe. 
 
 DR A'WING, S. the ad of taking or form- 
 ing the likenefs of a thing or perfon with a 
 pen or pencil ; a pidlure drawn or formed with 
 a pen or pencil 
 
 DRA'VVING-ROOM, S. a room to which 
 company retire after entertainment ; a room 
 fet aparc for the reception of company at court. 
 Figuratively, the perfons or company affem- 
 blcd VI a draiving-room. 
 
 DRAWN, participle pafT. from Draw. 
 
 DR.VVV.WELL, S. a well out of which 
 
 choly, applied to places. 
 
 DREDGE, S. a thick ftrong net, faftened 
 to the three ipills of iron, and drawn at a boat's 
 flern, gathering whatever it meets with at the 
 bottom of the water, ufed for catching oyders, 
 and is a fpecies of drag-net. 
 
 To DREDGE, V. A. to 6/h with a dredge. 
 In Cookery, to drew flour over meat while 
 roafting. 
 
 DRE'DGER, S. one who fi/hes with a 
 dredge ; a box with fmall holes at the top, ufed 
 lor (trewing flour on meat when roafling. 
 
 DRE'GGINESS, S. fullnefs of lees or 
 dregs. Foulnefs, applied 10 liquor ; abound* 
 
 Vater is raifed by means of a bucket and ropr,. ing with a ropy fubftance, or fediment. 
 
 To DRAWL, V. N. to pronounce ones 
 words with a fl ivv ''ifagieeable whine. 
 
 DRAY, orDRA'V-CART, S. a low cart, 
 ufttd by hrewets to convey Uieir beer. 
 
 DRA'V-M.AN, S. one who drives a dray. 
 
 DRA'y-FLOUGH, S. a plough refem- 
 bling a dray. 
 
 DREAD, S. f pronounced dred -, from drad, 
 Sax. J terror or fear, the fenfation occafioned 
 by the fit;ht of fome terrible or dangerous 
 objed 5 awful or venerable in the highell 
 degree. 
 
 To DREAD, V. N. [dradan, Sax.] to fear 
 to an eXce/Tive degree 
 
 DRE'AUER, S. [from (/^fai and ^r] one ( violence 
 
 DREG'GISH, Adj. abounding with lees or 
 feoiment. 
 
 DREG'GY, Adj. muddy ; foul ; full of 
 feciment. 
 
 DREGS, S. [it has no Angular, from 
 difflen, Sax. d>^ogg, fing. dregg'ias, plur. Ifland.J 
 the bottom, lee:, or foul part of any liquor. 
 Figuratively, the rcfufe, fweeping, or worth- 
 Ids part of any thing ; the drols or meaneft 
 pait of a people. 
 
 To DRENCH, V, A. [drencayi. Sax. to 
 drink | to foak or bathe ; to plunge all over in 
 fume liquor ; to wsfli 5 to fleep; to moiflen ; 
 or make very wet ; to adminiC.er phyfic by 
 
 DRENCH,
 
 D U I 
 
 DRENCH, S. a draught, or Twill, uCei by 
 way of contempt ; a potion or drink pre- 
 pared of feveral phyfical ingredients for a fick 
 horfe ; phyfic which muft be given by force. 
 " Their councils are moft like a drench that 
 muft be poured down." f^'"g Charles. 
 
 DRE'NCHER, S. one who dips, or foaks 
 any thing j one who adminifters phyfic by 
 force. 
 
 To DRESS, V. A. [drejer, Fr.] to put on 
 cloaihs j to adorn, deck, or fet out with 
 cloaths. Figuratively, tocluath, or reprefent 
 in a favourable light. In Surgery, to apply a 
 plaller or other remedy to a wound. To 
 curry or rub, applied to horfes. To trim, 
 applied to lamps. To prepare viifluals fit for 
 eating, applied to cookery. To curl, to comb 
 out, or otherwife adorn hair or perukes. 
 
 DRESS, S, that which a perfon wears to 
 cover his body from the inclemency of the 
 weather J cloaths, or fplenriid attire; the Ikill 
 in adjurting, or tafte in chufing and wearing 
 cloaths. 
 
 DRE'SSER, S. one employed in putting on 
 a perfon's cloaihs; a broad and long kind ol 
 a table or flielf in a kitchen, ufed to prepare 
 vifluals. 
 
 DRE'SSING, S. in Surgery, the plafler, 
 or other remedy, applied to a fore. 
 
 DREST, participle of Dress. 
 
 To DRl'BBLE, V. N. [by fucrefTive al- 
 teration from drip, of dripan, Sax- d'yp, If], 
 prefer draupa, dripper, Dan. J to fall in drops. 
 To let the fpittle fall from one's mouth ; to 
 flaver like an infant or an idiot. Adtively, 
 to throw -down or fcatter in drops. 
 
 DRI'BBELET, S. a ImaJl fum of money. 
 
 DRIVER, S. in medicine, that which has 
 the quality of ablorbing moifture. 
 
 DRIFT, S. the force which impels or 
 drives a perfon, or thing ; a raft, or any 
 thing driven at random, or iij a body ; a ftra- 
 tum, layer, or covering of any matter blown 
 together by the wind. A fmyiv drift, i.e. a 
 deep body of Inow. The tend sncy or particu- 
 lar defign of an action j the fcpe or tenor of 
 a difcourfc. 
 
 To DRIFT, V. A. to .Jrive, or force 
 along ; to throw together on heaps ; to a mafs. 
 
 To DRIL, V. A. [dri/len, Belg. thirlien, 
 Sax. Irom thur, Sax. throughj to mafte a hole 
 with an auger, gimlet, or drilll; to bore; to 
 drain or make its palTage thro; igh fmall holes 
 or interftices. 
 
 DRILL, S. [from the ve rb] an inftru- 
 ment ufed to bore holes in \*ood, iron, or 
 brafs ; an ape or baboon, " A changeling 
 and a drill. ^ Lochc. A I'mall ilripping; flream 
 *' Springs through the pleafant meadows pour 
 thiir drills" Sandys. 
 
 To DRINK, V. N. fpreter drank, or 
 drunk; participle paflive, drurJ :, or drunken ; 
 from driggkan, Goth.j to fv< allow liquors. 
 Figuratively, to fwallow an imr joderate quan- 
 tity of liquors. To drink to, to 1 jlute in drink- 
 
 D R O 
 
 tig ; to wifh well to in drinking. Figuratively, 
 
 to fill k up or abforb. 
 
 DRINK, S. liqi.or to be fwallowed, op- 
 fed to meat or folid food ; any particular 
 
 kind of liquor. 
 DRIN'KAPLE, Adj. that which may be 
 
 drank, 
 
 DRFNKER, S. one who is fond of fwal- 
 
 lowing quantities of intoxicating liquors. 
 DRl'NK-MONEY, S. money given t» 
 
 regale a peifon with, by purchafing liquors. 
 To DRIP, V. N. [drippen, Belg. See 
 
 DRIBBLEJ to fall in drops. To let fall in 
 
 drops, applied to the fat which falls from meat, 
 
 while ro.fting, Adively, to let fall in diops ; 
 
 to drop as fat in roafting, 
 
 DRIP, S. that which falls in drops. 
 DRI'PPING, S. the fat which drops from 
 
 ment while roafting, called likewife kitchen- 
 
 rtuff. 
 
 To DRIVE, V. A. [preter, dro-ve, par- 
 tictp. pad. driwn or dro-ue ; dreiban, Goth. 
 dnfan, Sax,] to make a perfon or thing move 
 by violence ; to fend to any place by force • 
 to convey animals, or make them walk frorn 
 one place to another ; to compel ; to enforce 
 or pufh home a proof or argument, 7c dri-vt 
 trade, to carry it on. To condud a carriage. 
 To let dri-je at, to intend ; to mean ; to endea- 
 vour to accompli/h ; to aim or ftrike at with 
 fury. " Four rogues in buckram let dn-ve at 
 me." Shak. 
 
 ToDRl'VEL, V. N. [a corruption from 
 drtbbk\ to let the fpittle fall out of one's 
 mouth, like an infant or an idiot. 
 
 DRi'VEL, S. flaver, fpittle, or molfture 
 dropped from the mouth. 
 
 DRl'VELLER, S, a fool or idiot, fo call- 
 ed from their letting the flaver drop from 
 their mouth"-. 
 
 DRI'VELLING, Pariicip. doating ; weak 
 in the underllanding ; foolifli, 
 
 DKI'VER, S. the perfon or thing which 
 communxatcs inoiion by force ; one who 
 guides and conveys beads from one place to 
 3noti)er ; one who manages and guides the 
 cattle which draw any carriage. 
 
 To DRPZZLE, V. A. {drijdcn, Teut, to 
 rtied dew] to fhed in haali drops, or a wet 
 mift, like dew. Neuterly, to let fall in fmall 
 flov.' dropc, 
 
 DR1'Z.ZLY, Adj. defcending in fmall, flow 
 drops; delcending in a mift; refemMing a 
 mift, or moifi vapour, 
 
 DROLE, Adj. \dr,k, Fr.] comical; ex- 
 citing laughter. 
 
 DROLE, or DROLL, S. \droUr, Fr.] a 
 perfon whofe bufiiiefs and employ it is to raife 
 miith by antic geftures, or comical jefte ; a 
 tnerry-andrew.or jack-pudding; af«rce, comr 
 pofcd to e.tcite laughter. 
 
 To DROLL, V. N. to play the buToon. 
 
 DROLLERY, S. jeft, ridicule ; or an en, 
 deavour to make a thing the objedl of mirth, 
 ridicule, o< laughter, 
 
 DRO'ME-
 
 D R O 
 
 . DRO'MEDARY, S. [dromedain, Fr. 
 drorr.eiUro, Ital. from S'f(i,w®', Gr. a courfe or 
 race, on account of its iwiftnefsj in Natural 
 Hiftory, a loit of camel faid to travel ico 
 miles a day. It is fmallcr, flenderer, and 
 nimbler than the common camel, having 
 cither one or two haiiy excrcfcences on 
 back, aiul is capable of gieat fatigue. Jt's 
 hair is loft and ftiott ; it has no fang? or fore- 
 teeih, nor horn on its feet ; which are co 
 vered with a fiefiiy fkin ; it is sbout fcven feet 
 and an half high from the groun i to the top 
 «f its head. 
 
 DRONE, S. the male b:e, which hatche 
 tl«e young, makes no honey, has no ftii>g, and 
 is driven from the hive v.'hen the hatching 
 time is over. Figuratively, an inaflive, ufe- 
 leff, or flu^gifti perfon. In MuHc, the deep 
 t>r holding key-note of a bag pipe. 
 
 To DRONE, V.N. to live an inaflive, 
 ofclels and dull life, like that of a dror.e, 
 *' A long rcHive race of dronirg kings." 
 Dryd. 
 
 DRO'NISH, Adj. like a dror.e; ufelefs j 
 fluggifh, and inactive. 
 
 lo DROOi', V. A. [drcef, Be!g. forrow] 
 to languitTi with forrow ; to hang down the 
 head with forrow. Figuratively, to grow faint, 
 weak, or difpirited J to fink ; to lean down- 
 wards j to decline, heautifullv aojilicd by Mil- 
 ton. " Till day droops.^' Par. Lcji. 
 
 DROP, S. [drojpa, Sax.J a imall por- 
 tion or particle of water or other fluid in a 
 fpherical form j as much liquor as falls at 
 j.nce, when there is not a contii.ued flream ; 
 a diamond hanging loofe fiom the ear, fo call- 
 ed from its rcfcmbling the form of a drop of 
 any fluid in its del'cent. Drops, the plural, 
 in A!chite<Sture, are ornaments in the Doric 
 entablatute, reprefenting drops, or little bells, 
 immediately unoer the triglyphos. In Phy- 
 fic, any fpiricuous medicine to be taken in 
 ilrops. 
 
 DRO'P-SERENE, S. \guttaferera, La:.] 
 in Fhyfif, a difeafe of the eye, confifting ol 
 tn entire lofs of fight, without any apparent 
 fault or difcrder of the part. It is fuupol'ed to 
 arife from a comprtfliun or obflruftion of the 
 optic nerves, pieventing the due flux of the 
 anim:il fpirits iiito the retina. 
 
 To DROP, V. A. [droppan, Sax.] to 
 pour in Imall rcund particles ; to let fall ; to 
 telgo; to let a thing fall from the hand : 
 to utter fligntly, or without caution ; to in 
 fttt or introduce by way of difgrelTion ; to 
 intermit, ceafe, or dtclinej to lofe in iis 
 prugrefs ; to bedrop cr fpeckle. " Their 
 wav'd coats drcpp'd with gold." Milt. Neu- 
 tffrly, to (all in leparate particles of a roundifh 
 ■form ; to let drops fall j to confunie in 
 cfrep? j to fall or come fiom a higher to a 
 lower fituation ; to fall without violence j to 
 fall Aidder.ly, To drop in, to come unexpefted- 
 Iv by. " He drops in when he ifainks you are 
 iuft featcj." 
 
 D R U 
 
 [ DROF'PING, S. any liquor wrhich has 
 fallen tn drops. 
 
 DR O'P-SrONE, S, a ?{.ar formed into the 
 fhape of a drop. 
 
 DRO'P-WORT, S. in Botany, a pbnt 
 which has various fpecies. 
 
 DRO'PSIED, Pait. affefled with a dropfy. 
 
 DRO'PSy, S. fantiently *iioXt hydro pi fyy 
 whence drcpijy, or d'epfy ; frcnn hydrOpifit, Fr, 
 bydrcplftj, lial. hydrt^ps, Lit.] in Phyfic, a 
 prfttrnatiiral coUeftion or extravafation of 
 aqueous fcrum or water in any part of the 
 body, which greatly diftends the veffels, is at- 
 tended with a weaknefs of digeftion, and a 
 continual thirft. 
 
 DROSS, S. the wafte, fcum, fediment, or 
 grofs parts of any meia) ; the c ruft or rufl of a 
 metal. Figuratively, the reful'e, or moft 
 worihlefs part of any thing. 
 
 DRO'SSiNESS, S. the impurity of metals; 
 foulne s ; ruft. 
 
 DRO'SSY, Adj. full of impurities, foul- 
 nefs, or impure particles. Figuratively, as 
 worthlefs as drof;'. 
 
 DROVE, S, a number of cattle under the 
 guidaace of one or more perfons ; any col- 
 lc<ftion of animals. Figuratively, a great crowd 
 or multitude. 
 
 DRO'VER, S. one who fats cattle for (i\e, 
 and fer d^ them to market. 
 
 DROUGHT, S. [drcoght, Belg. third, 
 drugod, Sax. droivth, Scot.] applied to the 
 weather, dry weath-r, want t)f rain ; tbirft, 
 or grfat want or c'.efue of drink. 
 
 DROU'GHTINESS, S. the date of a foil 
 hich wants rain ; the ftate of a peifou affetfl- 
 ed wiih thi'ft, or in want of drink, 
 
 DROU'GHTY, Adj. wanting rain; parch- 
 ed with heat ; thirfty or wanting drink. 
 
 To DROWN, V. A. [drurden, below, 
 according to Skinner, drunenian, Sax. to be 
 diunk, according to Lye ; perhaps from dryn- 
 (an. Six. to drink] to plunge and fuffocate 
 under water ; to plunge or overwhelm in 
 water; to overflow, or cover with water. Fi- 
 gurativcly, tt) immerge, plunge in, or over- 
 whelm with any thing j to die, or be fuflb- 
 caied under the water. 
 
 To DROWSE, V. A. [dro^jen, Belg.] fo 
 make heavy wiith, or ftiongly inclined to 
 fleeo. 
 
 DROW'SINESS, S. a ftrong propenfity 
 and inclination to fleep. Figuratively, floth- 
 lulnel's, or \ni£iWny. 
 
 DROWSY, Adj. ftrongly inclined to deep J 
 heavy with fleep. Figuratively, caufing fleep j 
 aull or (lupid. 
 
 To DRUB, V, A. \_druber, Dan. to kill] 
 to beat founily with a flick ; to threfh, 
 thump, or cudi^el. " I fhould have been drub- 
 t-ed.^' Locke. A word of contempt. 
 
 DRUB, S. a thump, knock, or blow ; a 
 found beating. 
 
 To DRUDGE, V. A. [drecan. Sax. to 
 vex, drjghin, Belg. to carry a burthenj to work 
 
 hard
 
 D R U 
 
 hard at mean and fervilc employments ; to 
 
 DRUDGE, S. one employed in mean, hard, 
 and fatiguing labour j a mere ilave. 
 
 DRU'DGER, S, a mean labourer ; a box 
 with holes on the top, from whence flour is 
 caft or Tcittfred on meat while roaliing. 
 
 DRU'DGER Y, S. low, mean, ftrvile, 
 hard, and fatiguing labour. 
 
 DRU'DGINGLY, Adv. in a laborious, 
 fatiguing and to^lfome manner. 
 
 DRUG, S. idregue, ¥u drova, Perf. an 
 odour] an ingredient ufed in phyfic or dying. 
 Figuratively, any thing ot a fmall or no v.ilue : 
 th:s fenfe may probably be owing to a coirup- 
 tion ot' drig. 
 
 To DRUG, V. A. to miji with phyfical 
 ingredients ; to taint with fumething difjgrae- 
 able. 
 
 DRU'CGERMAN, S. [dngueman, Fr. 
 toromamo, Ital. torgeman, Atab. an incerpre- 
 terj in Commerce, a name given in the Levant 
 to the interpreteis kept by the ambaii'adors o/' 
 ihe Chiiftian nations, refiding at the Porte, 
 to afiift them in their treaties. 
 
 DRU'GGET. S. in Commerce, a fort of 
 thin fluff, fcmetimes all wool, /b-metimeshalf 
 wool, half thread, an^ fonietimes corded, but 
 ufually plain, and woven on a svorfled chain. 
 
 DRU'GGIST, S. dror,ghifl, Belg.] one 
 who fells (ihyfical ingredients by wliolcfals. 
 ♦, DRU'JD, S. [dcrio, oaks, and kud, incan- 
 tatinn ; dur'tab, oak, Erfe, dry. Sax. a magi- 
 cian drud, Brit, oakj the ptie;)s and mini- 
 sters of lelig'on amongft the Britons, Celtic 
 Cau!s, and Germans. They were in Britain 
 the fiift and moft diftinguijhed order \n the 
 ifland, chofen out of the beft f^-Tiilies, and 
 the hcnouif of ihcir birth, added to ihofe ot 
 their fundtion, procured them (lie highelt ve- 
 neration. They w^re verfed in aftronomy, 
 geometry, natural philofophy, politics, ant 
 geography ; had the adiTiin^ihation of all 
 facred thing?, were the interp.eters of the 
 gods, and fuprcnic j^id^es in all caues, whe- 
 ther ecclcfuHical or civil. From their deter 
 mination was no appeal, and whoever retufed 
 to acquiefce in their decjfions, wap reckoned 
 impious, .ind excommunicated. They were 
 generlly governed by a fingte pet/on, cal.ed 
 an Arch-d'uid, who pielidcd in all their 
 aflemblies. Once a year they ulcd to retire, 
 or rather alftmiile, in d wood, in the center 
 ot the illmd, at which time they uled to 
 recc.v^ apoluatioiis from all parts, and hear 
 caufcs. 'I'iieir p'.'Ciiliar opinions are not well 
 afcertained by wri-ers, though it is agreed by 
 all, that they hell the iminor',..lity of the 
 foul, aad i:s tran;m:gration ; th.it nothing 
 cnuld appcafe the gojs more power'u'ly than 
 human fatrilites, and that there was one 
 fupreme D,;ity, wh) prcfided ovtr all others. 
 ,,;,' DRUM, S. [tronmie, Dan. drummt;, EifeJ 
 ,ft warlike inftrument made of thin pie:cs o 
 oak, bent in a cylindrical Iwrm, coveicJ at 
 
 DRY 
 
 each end with vellum, or parchjnent, whicH 
 flretchcs by means of br.ices running from 
 one extremity to the other ; and madi te 
 lound by beating one of the ends with flitks 
 generally made of brafil wood. Kettle Drum, 
 is ihat whofe body is made of brafs or copper, 
 in the form of a kettle, and covered at top 
 with parchment like the tommon one. 
 The drum of tbt ear, is a fmall membrane in 
 the inner part of that organ, which is (o 
 fl:retched as to convey the fenfation of found, 
 by the vibration svhich founding bodies caufc 
 upon it. 
 
 To DRUM, V. N. to beat a march, 6fr. 
 on a drum with a ftick. To beat or vibrate, 
 applied to the motion of the heart. 
 
 DRU'M-FISH, S. in Natural Hlflory, a 
 round k{h, which comei from Virginia. 
 
 DRUM MAJOR, S. the chief drummer 
 of a regiinent. 
 
 DRU'MMER, S. one who heats a drum. 
 
 DRUNK, Adj. [from Drh:k\ intoxicated, 
 or deprived of the ule of the iinderftanding by 
 immoderate drinking. Figuratively, foakeJ; 
 beautifully applied to inanimifte things. "" I 
 will make mine arrows drunk v\ith blood." 
 Deut. xxix. 6. 
 
 DRU'NKARD, S. one given to the ex- 
 ceflive ufe of flrong liquors. 
 
 DR.U'NK.£N, Part, [from drink] intoxicat- 
 ed with liquor ; given to habitual drunken- 
 nefs j frequently intoxicated with liquur. 
 
 DRU'NKENLY, Adv. after the mannex 
 of one intoxicated with ftrong liquors. 
 
 DRU'NKENNESS, S. in Med cine, a 
 preternatural compreflion of the btain, and 
 a difcompofute of its fibres, occifioned by 
 the fumes ot fpirituous parts of liquors, where- 
 by perlons imagine every thing turns round, 
 cannot dilcern things well at a difta.nce, 
 and thwfe things which are at a diitance they 
 either fee out of their place, or double. To 
 this muft be added, an entire lofs of under- 
 rtanding, a voice faltering, and fcarc: arti- 
 culate J and an incapacity to walk, and all 
 the figns of a temporary madnefs. Habitual 
 or frequent intoxicat.on from an immoderate 
 ule ot Ipirituous or ftrong liquors. Figura- 
 tively, an intoxication, or diforder of the 
 mind. 
 
 DRY, Ailj. [drldge, Sax. drogh, Belg.] 
 hard or without wet or moiflur^. Without 
 rain, applied to the feafons. Thirfty, or athiilt 
 foi want of drink ; jejun-.-, barren, plain. 
 
 To DRY, V. A. to tiee from, or exhale 
 moifture or wet ; to wipe away moifliite, ul'ed 
 with up y to drain, or drink up. " D'y'd an 
 immcaliiiable tiowl." 
 
 DRY'-EYED. Adj. without tears ; with- 
 out having the eyes moiftiined with teais. 
 
 Di<.V"LY, A^tv. witiiout moiflure. Figu- 
 ratively, in a cold, or jndilFerent manner. 
 Wuh great, rclerve, .ipplitd to tieatuienl or 
 behaviour j in a farcaOical or ironical maunei. 
 Without any embelliliim^nt, appliel ■<> flile. 
 DRY'NESS,
 
 DUB 
 
 DRVNESS, S. want of moifture ; want 
 of rain ; wsnt of juice. Figuratively, want 
 of embelliftiment, applied to ftile, or let dil"- 
 courfcs. 
 
 DRY'SHOD, Adj. without wetting the 
 feet ; without treading in the water aLove the 
 flioes. 
 
 DRY'-NURSE, S. one who brings up a 
 child without fucking. 
 
 To URY'-NURSE, V. A. to bring up an 
 infant without fucking. 
 
 DU'AL, S. {dualh, Lat.] expreffing or in- 
 cluding only two. In the Hebrew, or Greek 
 language, a vaiiation of a noun which only 
 fignifies twOy a diflin£1ion which the modern 
 lar.uages feem deficient in. 
 
 To DUB, V. A. [dubban, so dirare. Sax. 
 ttdduba, Ital. riddsra, HI. to dub a knight. 
 jidduba, in its primary fignification, imphcs 
 to ftrike, knights being made by a blow given 
 with a fwordj to create or make a tr.an a 
 knight ; to confer any title, or dignity. 
 
 DUB, S. a blow, or knock. " With Ly- 
 dian or with Phrygian dubs."" Hud'ib. 
 
 DU'BIOUS, Adj. [dub'ius, L.t.] not fet- 
 tled in an opinion, applied to perlons. Not 
 fully proved, or that which has equal proba- 
 bility on either fide, applied to opinions. 
 
 DU'BIOUSLV, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 will admit of dif.erent fenfes. 
 
 DU'BIOUSNESS, S. uncertainty. 
 DU'BITABLE, Adj. that which may be 
 guedinned or doubted j that which a perfon 
 inay decline afTcnting to. 
 
 DUBITA'TION, S. [du'itaUo,Lii.'\\.ht 
 aft of doubting, or quefiiuning the truth of a 
 thing. It is defined by Grew a negative per- 
 ception, i. e. the perception that what a perfon 
 fees, is not that which he would fee. 
 
 DUBLIN, S. [by the Saxons called Duf'ir., 
 by the Welih Di'as dulin, and in the irith 
 language, Ballackigb, " /. e. fays the author 
 of the Syflem, a town upon hurdles, on 
 which the people think the city is founded, 
 the ground being folt and quaggy." But the 
 original words fignify a walled town, parti- 
 cularly raifed wiih ftones] its fitustion is 
 delightful and fjlubrious, having hills on the 
 S. plains on the W. the Liffy, a navigabk 
 river, running through it to Dublin-haven 
 into the fea, hard by, on the E. The number 
 of its inhabitants fome compute at aoo.coo 
 at Icaft ; others at 300,000 : It was fu:i the 
 former nu.-nber in king Charles ITs time ; 
 and the latter calculations cannot be any 
 exaggeration, the inhabitants having muhi- 
 plied greatly fince, and the buildings increaf- 
 ing every day. This is the mart and center 
 of commerce for the whole kingdom, with 
 exception to fuch ports only as are eT.inmi 
 for this or that particular branch. A bar at 
 the mouth of the Lift'y renders its harbour 
 very uncommodious ; fo that fhips of any 
 confiderable burthen date not venture in, nor 
 
 Due 
 
 the quay, being obliged to lie three miles 
 below the bar, and deliver their goods by 
 lighters. At ebb the haven falls dry, both 
 above and below Ringfend, except at two 
 creeks, one on the N. and the oiher on the 
 S. fide, wliere at low water is nine or ten 
 feet depth : alio on the N. fide of the Hoath, 
 a promontory forming the N. point of the bay, 
 there is a very convenient road for large (hips, 
 nejr an ifland, called Ireland's Eye ; fo that 
 vellels have a fecure retreat unlets in violent 
 S. W. w'.ndj, which often drive them from 
 their anchors out to fea. The city is fup- 
 plied with coals from. Whitehaven in Cum- 
 berland, and Swanfey in Waks, 200 fjil of 
 colliers being in the road at a tisne. In Dub- 
 blin is a flomifhlng univerfity, w th Coo flu- 
 dents ; and it is tl.e fee of an archbifliop, with 
 a ftately cathedral, dedicated to St. I\trick j 
 of which the famous Dr. Jonathan Swift was 
 once dean ; alfo a handfome palace, called St, 
 Sepulchre. Here are not lefs than thirteen 
 parochial churches ; but the lord lieutenant, 
 and lords juflices, go in ffate to Chrift's- 
 church. As this city is the feat of govern- 
 ment, the lord lieutenant (a kind of viceroy 
 lent from England, generally a man of the 
 firll quality, and changed every three years) 
 refides in the caflle while he ftays in the 
 kingdom. Here are alfo held courts of juftice 
 and public offices ; befides a guildhall, tholfel, 
 and cuftom-houfe. Dublin had fix gates, and 
 a large ftone-bridge over the Lifi'y, with four, 
 fmaller. Its two principal fuburbs are St« 
 Thomas and Ouftmantoun, or Oxmaniown. 
 Dublin is governed by a lord-mayor and aloer- 
 men, and has twenty-tour corporations or trad- 
 ing companies in it. Here are fevcral cha- 
 ritable foundations ; as the blue coat hofpital, 
 the royal hofpital of Kihnainham, a work- 
 houfe, Dr. Steven's hofpital, M.rcer's cha- 
 ritable hofpital, and the chaiitable infirmary. 
 In 1649, colonel Jones, one of the parlia- 
 mentary commanders, defeated tke duke of 
 Ormond at Rathmcms, near Dublin. In the 
 College -green is an equef.nan ftatue of king 
 William 111. in memory of the viflory of 
 theBoyne, on July I, 1690. The Ciflle is but 
 an inconliderhble fcrtrels. Dublin lies 64 
 miles W, of Holy-head, in Wales, and 26S 
 N. W. of London. Lat. 55 deg. li min, 
 N. Ion-. 6 drg. 55 min. W. 
 
 DU'CAL, .'\oj. [Iiom duke} belonging to a 
 duke. 
 
 DU'CAT, S. [fo called becaufe ftruck in 
 the dominions of a duke] a foreign coin, cur- 
 rent on the continent, when of (liver, valued 
 at four fhillings and fx-pence, but when of 
 gold, at nine (hillings and fix-pcnce. 
 
 DUCATO'ON, S. a foreign coin, ftruck 
 chiefly in Italy, when of filver, valued at four 
 fhillings and eight-pence fferling ; and in 
 gold, which is current in Holland, is worth 
 about one pound nineteen fniUings, and two- 
 
 when in the haven, can they come to "pence 
 
 DUCK,
 
 T>Vt 
 
 OUCK, S. [ducben, to dip] a witer-fowl, 
 both wild and tame. Figuratively, uCe4 as 
 a word ot grest fondnefs and endearment. 
 •' My dainty duck." Shak. A fudden bend- 
 ing down, or declining of the head j a ftone 
 thrown fo obliquely on the water, as to re- 
 bound again fcveral times on its furface. 
 
 To DUCK, V. N. to plunge one's head, 
 or dive under water j to drop down one's 
 head ; to bow low ; to cringe ; from duyk, 
 or juyi, Scot, and Belg. to make obeifance. 
 " The learned pate — d:tch to the poldeii 
 fool." Si>ai. To plunge a perfon under v.a- 
 ter by way of punifiiment. 
 
 DU'CKING-STOOL, S. a chair in which 
 women are plunge-^ under wate; for ftoldihg. 
 
 DU'CK-LLGGEO, Adj. having legs like 
 a i/a.'ij having ihort legs. 
 
 DU'CKLING, S. a young duck. 
 
 DUCK MEAT, S. in Botany, a plant 
 growing commonly upon ftanJing waters. 
 
 DU'CKL'S-FOO'T, S. fin Latin fodofhyl 
 Ivm, or anaJofsdophylluni] in Botany, tha bud 
 ot the flower is inclofed in a large three- 
 leaved coloured empale.Ticnt, in the forrn of 
 a fpatha, or fheath. Linnxus rsnges it in 
 the firfl: fcdlion of his thirteenth clafs. 
 
 DUCK'-WEED, S. in Botany, the faipe 
 as duck treat. 
 
 DUCT, S. [daSus, Lat.] guidance or di- 
 reftion. •' To follow the <^</<f? of the ftars." 
 Hammcr.d. In Anatomy, any canal or tube 
 in an animal body, through which the hu- 
 mours or fluids are conveyed. 
 
 DU'CTILE, S. [duclihs, Lat.] eafy to be 
 bent J eafy to be drawn out in length. Train- 
 able, complying, or yielding, applied to the 
 mind. 
 
 DU'CTILENESS, S. the quality of being 
 drawn out in lengih. 
 
 DUCTI'LITY, S. in Phyfics, a property 
 of certain bodies, whereby iliey bc:onie capa- 
 ble of being prpd'ed, beaten, firctched, or 
 drawn out to a great length, without break- 
 ing. Tratlablenefs, compliance, a^ipljed to 
 the mind, or to pcnons. 
 
 DU'DGEON, S. [d^lch, BJg, dagen, da- 
 gen, Teut. a fv.ord] a fmall dagger. " On 
 the blade of thy dudFeen,''' Shjk. Quarrel, 
 ill-will, malice, jars, or commotions ; from 
 dolg. Sax. a wound. " When civil dudgeon 
 firft grew high." Hudib. 
 
 DUE, [the particle of oiue, du, Fr.] thst 
 which a perfon has a right to demand as a 
 debt, as ftipuldted in a compa£> or otherwife j 
 that which a perfon ought to pay, or which a 
 thing might lay claim lo. " A due fenfe of 
 the vanity of earthly expeftulions." AUcrb. 
 
 DUE, Adv. among failors, dircdly, exaft- 
 ly, without turning afide. 
 
 DUE, S. th.U which belongs to, or may 
 be claimed by a perfon j right j jull title to a 
 thinj;. In the plural, cuflom, or taxes, 
 
 DU'EL, S. [duellum, Lat.J a combat be- 
 tween two perfons. 
 
 D U L 
 
 To DU'EL, V. N. to'fight in fingle corri» 
 I)2t. Artively, to attack or fight with fingly. 
 
 DU'ELLER, S. one who engages another 
 in fingle combat. 
 
 DUE'NNA, S. [Span.] an old woman, 
 kept as a domeftic in Spain, in order to pry 
 into the aflions, or to take care of the con- 
 duft of a young lady. 
 
 DUG, S. [do'ye, Dalm. doglily, Boh. Jeg- 
 ia, Ifl, to give luck] a pap, nipple, or teat, 
 generally applied to that of a bead ; and to that 
 of a human creature only by way of reproacb 
 or contempt ; though formerly it was applied 
 to a human creature in a good fenfe. 
 
 DUG, the prefer of Dig. 
 
 DUKE, S. [due, Tr.duca, Ital. ^«.v, Lit. J 
 in toreign countries, a fovereign pcince with- 
 out the title or quality of a king. Among us, 
 it is the next title or honour to the prince. 
 At fiifl; it was a name of ofnre, not of ho- 
 nour, and given to thofe who were appoin'ed 
 to guard the frontiers. Jt began to be a mere 
 honor^try title under Otho the Great, about 
 the year 970. In England, none ht-!d th's 
 title till Edward UL created Edward his foil 
 duke of Ccrnwali, Froxn that time many 
 others have been created, whofe titles are he- 
 reditary, and conferred by patent 5 they retain 
 a coronet on the:: efcutcheon, the only marie 
 o<»their fovereignty ; their eldcft I'ons are, bjr 
 the rourtefy of England, ftiled marquifes, and 
 their youngeft lords, with the edciition of their 
 chriftian names, as Lord George, Lord Robert, 
 &c. and take place of vifcounis, though nut 
 fo privileged by the laws of the land. 
 
 DU'KEDOM, S. the dominion of a duke. 
 
 DU'LBRAINED, Adj. flew of apprehen- 
 fion j ilupid ; wanting fagacity. 
 
 DU'LCET, Adj. [d:ikh, Lat.] fwest ta 
 the taft'.' 5 agrcf able to the ear. 
 
 DU'LCIFICATION. S. in Pharmacy, the 
 fwcetening or rendering infipid any mattef 
 impregnated with faits, by wafliing it o.'"ten ijl 
 water ; the adt of rendering any thing, which 
 is acid, fsvcet, by mixing it with fugar. 
 
 To DU'LCIFY, V. A. [dukiflcr, Fr.J to 
 fweeten j to free from falts, lourncfs, or acri- 
 mony of any fort. 
 
 DULCI'MER, S. [Hukwiello, Ital.] a mu- 
 fical inftrument, flrung with wires, refem- 
 blinga harpficord, and played on with i:onor 
 brafs pins. 
 
 To DU'LCORATE, V. A, [dJds, Lat.] 
 fwe'jt, to fweeten j to make lefs acrimonious, 
 
 DU'LCORATION, S. the aft of fweeten- 
 ing. 
 
 DU'LHEAD, S. a perfon who wants ap- 
 prehenfion or fagacity ; a blockhead. 
 
 DULL, S. [^d-wl, Brit, dalt, Sjx. dol, Belg. 
 mad] flow ot apprehenfion, applied to the 
 underfl:anding. Blunt, applied to the edgo 
 of any inftrument. Not quick, or not eifily 
 perceiving objefts, applied to the fenfes. Slow, 
 applied to motion. Not bright, or wanting 
 vigour. Drowfy, flecpy, 9r melancholy. 
 
 A a "Xix
 
 DUN 
 
 To DULL, V. A. to blunt the end of an 
 jnftrument ; lo fully the brightnefs of fome 
 fnining body ; to make a perfon fad or me- 
 hficholy J to damp vigour j to flop or retard 
 motion. 
 
 DU'LLARD, S. [from </«.'/ pnd aerd, Teut. 
 nature] a perfon of flow apprchenfion 5 a 
 blockhead. 
 
 DU'LLY, Adv. in a flupid, or foolifh 
 manner ; in a flow, fluggi/h, or melancholy 
 manner. 
 
 DU'LNT.GS, S. weakncfs ofunderf^andi.-g ; 
 flownefs of apprchenfion ; drowfinefs, or ftiong 
 prope.'ifry to flcep. Dimnefs, or want of 
 iuftre, applied to the change made in a fljining 
 body. Bluntnefs, or want of edge, applied to 
 inftrumcnts. 
 
 DUrLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as a thing 
 or perfon might claim j properly ; fitly \ re- 
 gu'arly ; punftually, " Duly fent his family 
 and wife." Popi, 
 
 DUMB, Adj. [pronounced dtim ; from 
 dumb!,Gor.\\. dumbe, Sax. dum, Dan. and Teut. 
 dom, Bflg- dull, he was filent] mute: not able 
 to fpeak i deprived of fpeech } not ufmg 
 vvorris ; refnfing to fpeak. 
 
 DU'MBLY, Adj. mutely ; filently ; with- 
 out fpeak'ng. 
 
 DU'MBNESS, S. incapacity of fpeaking; 
 forHe<irance ; fiknce. 
 
 To DU'MBFOUND, V. A. foconfuff a 
 perfon fo as to render him unable to fpeak. 
 " They had like to have dumbfounded the 
 juftice." SpeSiator, No. 616. 
 
 DUMP, S. {dom. Belg. ftupid] fullen and 
 filent forrow ; rrci ncholy j abfencc of mind ; 
 a piece of leaden coin or metal, with which 
 children pmnfe themfelves. 
 
 DU'MPISH, Adj.fad ; filently and fullen 
 ly forrowful ; mebncholy. 
 
 DU'MPLING, S. [fron? dump, heavinefs] 
 a kind oi fmall and coarfe pudding, 
 
 DUN, i{\dj. [Sax. of dun, Brit.j a colour 
 partaking of a mixture of brown and black j 
 dark ; gloomy. 
 
 To DUN, V. A. [dunan, Sax. dunar, Ifl. 
 to thunder] to demand a debt with vehemence 
 and frequent importunity. 
 
 DUN, S. one who afks a perfon for a debt 
 with clamour, and inrelfant importunity. 
 
 DUNCE, S. [dcm,Bd%, tor.to. Span, (lupid] 
 one vvho has not a capacity for receiving in- 
 flriif'ion. 
 
 DUNG, S. \dtneg, Sax. dur.^, Teut.] the 
 exc- pii.er.t or aiiir.iais ufcd in manure, or in 
 fattening ground. 
 
 . DUNG. V. A. to manure, with dung. 
 DU'NGEON.S [Ff.J a clofeprifon, g-;- 
 neral! , a^.; lien ti a nark or /ubferr.!neous one 
 DUTJGHILL, S. a heip of dung. Fign- 
 laiivclj, any mean or vile abode ; a firuation 
 of meannefs j a man defcenced trom ciesn 
 p-iren age ; a ccck of a fpuriouii and de^ enerat'- 
 Xind, not fit i(;r fighting. 
 
 DUNGHILL, Adj. iprung from the dung- 
 
 D U R 
 
 hill. Figuratively, mean, bafe, or worthlcfj. 
 DU'NGY, Adj. abounding in dung 5 le- 
 ftmbling dung. 
 
 DU'NNER, S. a pcrfsn employed in col- 
 lefHng petty debts, and m?king ufe of vehe- 
 ment impor- unity for that purpofe. 
 
 DUODE'CIMO, S. {duoileam, Lat. twelve) 
 a thing divided into twelve parts ; hence a 
 book is faid to be in duodte'imo, when twelve 
 of it=; leaves make juft a fheet of paper. 
 
 DUPE, S. (from duppt, a foolifh birdeafily 
 caught] a credulous perfon, or one who is 
 impofed on, and deceived on account of his 
 credulity. 
 
 To DUPE, V. A. to trick or cheat a per- 
 fon of too great credulity. 
 
 DUPLE, Adj. [duplus, Lat] double ; the 
 fame thing or number repeated. 
 
 To DU'PLICATE, *V. A. [duplicafus, 
 Lat.] to double ; to increafe or enlarge by the 
 repttitioH of tlie fame number j to fold to- 
 ceihcr. 
 
 " DU'PLICATE, Adj. in Arithmetic, ap- 
 plied to proporiiun, the ratio or proportion of 
 IquarPS. 
 
 DU'PLICATE, S. the exaft copy or coun- 
 ter part of a iettt r, book, or deed j a thing 
 of tlie fame kind as another. 
 
 DUPLIC A'TION, S. the aft of doubling j 
 the aft of folding together j a fold or doubling, 
 
 DUPLI'CITY, S. [duplkh, genitive, oUu- 
 pltx, Lit.] doublenefs ; the divifion of things 
 or idf'as into p.tirs j the quality of being twice 
 as much as another ; deceit, or double-deal- 
 ing, oppofed to fimpliciiy. 
 
 DU'RABILITY, S. [durabilh, Lat.] the 
 power of bearing the injuries of lime and 
 weather without being defvroyed ; the property 
 ot lading or continuing a long while. 
 
 DU'RABLE, Adj. [durabilis, Lat.] not 
 eafily defiroyed by length of lime, or violence 
 of weather; hfting 5 permanent j continuing 
 in the fame ftate. 
 
 DU/RAHLENESS, S, the property of con- 
 tinuing or lading lonf. 
 
 DU'R.4RLY, Ad. in a lading manner, 
 
 DU'RANCE, S. [durep, low Fr.] the date 
 of a perfon confined in a prifonj confinement j 
 imprifonmcnt } duration, or the length of 
 tim.e which anything continues. 
 
 DURA'TJCiN, S, {duratw, Lat.] diftancc 
 or lnnj;ih, applied to time. 
 
 DU'RESSk, S. [Fr J harddiip; imprifon- 
 ment. in Law, a plea ufed by way of ex- 
 ception to a bond fealed to a perfon byonecaft 
 m prilon at hi- luit, or othrrwife hardly ufed. 
 
 DU'RHAM, S. [or DURE3ME, as in our 
 old (la'uiesj biflicpric of, in L.itin, Epijcopa- 
 tusDurelmcrfn, acouniy pal.iiine in tlieNoitfi 
 01 England. Ji is lioiinded on ihe S. by 
 
 o'kfhirej on the N W. by NtTtliumber- 
 biid J and on the W. by Cuin;el:ind and 
 Weilmoieland j and wifhed by the ccean on 
 t e E. Jt is thiriy-iiine niiies long, and 
 thirty-f.ve broiid. The numbu of acres it 
 
 ccntaias
 
 D U R 
 
 contr.lns are aompu'eJ at 6io,cco, and In- 
 habitants, 97, ceo. The air liere is iharp, and 
 is obferved to be colder in the weftern than 
 the eaftern parts ; the Jatter having warm 
 breezes from the fej. In the former the 
 fields are barren, the woods thin, and the 
 hills bare; but the iron and lead mines make 
 fome amends for the fierilityof the foil. The 
 eafl-, fouth, and north parts are more fruitful. 
 in general, the bishopric is thick fet with 
 towns, and very rich in mines of coals, par- 
 ticularly about Sundsilan.-', Hartlepool, and 
 other places, which are imported into Lon- 
 don. In moft parts, the coal lies n«ar the 
 furface. The abundance ot this mineral pro 
 dui^ion in the bifliopric, may be one reafon 
 why the inhabitants apply themfelves litile to 
 any other traffic or manufa£lure. This coun- 
 try has about fjxteen rivers ; the principal of 
 ■which are, i. The Tees, and into it run the 
 taden, Hude, Lune, Bandeo, Skern, with 
 Other brooks. 2. The Were, v/hich is formed 
 by the Kclloo, Wellop, and Burdop, with the 
 Gaunlefs, &c. Moll of thefe abound with 
 fi/h, particularly falmon j and they form con 
 Cderable ports well frequented by colliers of 
 the greateft burthen, which are a nurfery of 
 I'ailors for the royal navy. This county fends 
 to parliament only two knigh:s of the fhire, and 
 two burgedes for its capitjl of the fame name. 
 
 DU'RHAM, S. city of, the capital of the 
 county palatine of the fame name, in the 
 north of England, in Latin Dunelmum, and by 
 the Saxons called Dunkolvi, as fituated on a 
 lifmg ground, and furrour.ded with a river, 
 namely, the Were, over wbxh are two large 
 flone bridges. The city is wailed round, and, 
 defended by a fpacious and ftrong caftle. Here 
 are fix parifli churches, befides the cathedral, 
 which is dedicated to St. Cuthbert. The 
 J'uburbs are Elvetbridge, and i-'ramgate, lead- 
 ing tJ Newcaftle, It is the fee of a bi/hop ; 
 hence the county is commorily called the 
 bilho^fick 5 and be is a temporitl as well a:- 
 fpiritu.l lord in it, though king Kenry VIII. 
 abcidged the temporalities very much. Dur- 
 ham is one of the beft bv/hopricks in England, 
 and the prebends, and oiher church-livings, 
 are very rich. It is governed by a mayor, and 
 fends two members to pail. anient. Tho 
 wetkly market here is on Saturday, where all 
 forts of provifions and netciiaries lur the con- 
 veniency of life are very cheap, as well as 
 good. It has annual fairs on March 31, for 
 three days ; the firft day horned cattle j the 
 iecond (heep and hogs ; and the third horfes ; 
 Whitfun Tuefday, and September, 15, the 
 like. It lies fix'.cen miles from Newcaftle, 
 and 155 from Loridon. 
 
 Db'RINC, Part, [from durt\ for the time 
 any thing hits j while anything tontinuci 
 un.illered. 
 
 _ DURST, prtterof Dare. "TheChrif- 
 tjans (iu'[i have no iaia^3« of thi Deity." 
 
 D AY A 
 
 DUSK, AJj. \iujler, Teut. thyjln, Six.] 
 want oi day light ; approaching to darknefs j 
 black i,1i ; or of a dark colour. " Vapour and 
 ex!i3lation dujk" Pjr. Lij}. 
 
 DU'SKISH, Adj. inclining to darknefs 3 
 tent^i.ig to blacknefs ; dark coloured. 
 
 DU'SKISHLy, Adv. darkly j in fuch a 
 manner as to afford but little light. 
 
 DU'SKY, Adj. tending to darknefs. Tend- 
 'ing to blacknefs, appliej to colour. Figu- 
 ratively, gloomy, fad, mehncholy, applied to 
 the mind. 
 
 DUST, S. [Sas. duzop, Erfe, dur, Teut. 
 dryj earth or other matter reduced to fmall 
 particles. Figuratively, the ftate or dilfo'u- 
 tion to which bodies are reduced after being 
 long buried. A mean, low, and dejedled 
 ftate, alluding to the cuflom of the Jews, 
 who, in time of affliilion, fat in. the duji, 
 and covered their heads with it likewife. 
 " God raifeth up the poor out of the </«/?." 
 I Sar7i. ii. S. 
 
 DU'STY, Adj. filled, coloured, covered, 
 or fpread witii duft. 
 
 DU'TCHESS, or DUCHESS, S. [Z?«- 
 chejfe, Fr.] the lady of a duke. 
 
 DU'TCHY, or DUCHY, S. a territory, 
 which gives title to, or has a duke for its 
 foveraign. Dut.hy-ccurt, is that wherein all 
 matters pertaining to the dutcliy of Lancafter 
 are decided by the decree of the chancellor. 
 
 DU'TEOUS, Adj. obedient ; or perform- 
 ing thsfe offices which parents or fuperiors 
 can cla'm J obfequious, or complying; en- 
 joined by, or ariling from thofe relations a 
 perfon ftands in with refpeft to others. 
 
 DU'TIFUL, Adj. obedient ; fubmimve to, 
 or performing the ofSces due to parents Ot 
 luperiors ; or rei'pedlful j reverential. 
 
 DU'TIFULLY, Adv. in an obedient, fub- 
 miflive, or refpc(ftful manner. 
 
 DU'IIFULNESS, S. obedience j fubmif- 
 fion to jiift authority ; the aft of performing 
 the oflicfs which flow from our relations as 
 children or fubjcfls ; reverence ; refpeft. 
 
 DU'TY, S. any aflion or courfe of ao<» 
 tion?, vihich flow from the relations w» 
 (land in to GoD or man ; thit which a msa 
 is bound to perform by any natural or legal 
 obligation. In Commerce, a tax or cuftom 
 paid for any commodity, and levied by th« 
 government, 
 
 DWARF, S. [d-jueorg. Sax. duerg, Dan. 
 o'v.'jrgh, Bslg. aiviirgh, I'eux, Jhcrg, Scot.j a 
 man below the common iize or. flaturc. In 
 Gardening, a low fruit-tree, kept fhort by 
 pruning. Any animal or plant fl.ortcr than 
 thofe of the fame fpecief, ufed by bjtanifts 
 in corapofition. 
 
 To DWARF, V. A. in Botany, to hinder 
 frotn trowwig to its natural fjzc, by pruning} 
 to Ittrten ; to make Jitib j to fl-.orten. 
 
 DWATs-FISH, Adj. biUw the ns.ural 
 fize j Imail j very fhort. 
 
 DW.\'RtlSHLY, Adv. like a dwarf. 
 
 A a a DWA'R-
 
 E A S 
 
 Br Inhabiting the earth, Gioffj oppofed to 
 
 fpirtttinl. 
 
 EA'R-'VVAX, S. the excrementuious or 
 vifcou? fuhftsnce with which the ear is filled. 
 
 EA'RWJG, S. [from ear and lu'tg:!. Sax. 
 » grub, J a fiieaih- winged infeft, of a long 
 body, having fcveral legs, a fork at its tail, 
 and of" a dirty black colour, in gardens very 
 prejudicial to carnations and fruit-trees. 
 
 r ASE, S. \_a'je, Fr.j freedom from car"? or 
 diilurbance, applied to the mind. Freedom 
 from pain, applied to the body. Reft, or 
 cefiation from labour, in order to recover from 
 fatl^iie; freedom from obflruCi ion j freedom 
 from impediment or difficulty, app'isd to the 
 tnind. An eieg^nt negligence, applied to 
 literary compofnions. 
 
 To EASE, V. A. to free from pain; to 
 teleafe from labour ; to free irom any thing 
 t*hi' h caufes a difagreeable fenfaiion either in 
 the body or mind. 
 
 E.^'SHFL'L, Acij. affording relaxation from 
 toil or fatigue; allevijiirg, diminiiliirg, or 
 rem<>ving |'ain ; iic for reft. " Kis eajtfid 
 weRern bed." Shah. 
 
 EA'SEMENT, S. exemption from any coft 
 or experce, 
 
 EA'SILY, Adv. without difficulty, labour, 
 imFe^iment, or pain. 
 
 E.'^i'SjNESS, S. a relative term, implying 
 that a perTon's abilities are fufficient, or more 
 than lufftcient toaicomplifii vrny undertaking, 
 to loivs any point in learning, or to prnfecute 
 any deiign propofen ; freedom from difficulty ; 
 the quality of being loon perl'uaded to do or 
 believe; compliance without oppolitian ; cre- 
 dulity Vviiihout fufpicion or cx.imination ; 
 freedom from di.turbance, or from any gain- 
 ful ftr/ation. 
 
 EAST, S. \eaf,, «/?, Sax. aufiur, Ifl. ecfi, 
 Eelg. iuof.ake. Ruff, ijhk, Da!m. ofi. Teut.J 
 the quarter from whence the fun rifes when 
 he enters the equinodlial points of a/yes or 
 libra. The nations fiiuated towards the point 
 iVom whence the fun rifiis. 
 
 EA'STER, S. \_eafior, SaX. cfier, Belg. 
 a'>fiern, Tcut.lthe time when Chriftians cele- 
 brate the refurrcflion of Chrift fiom the 
 grave. The word ufed to denote this leafon, 
 has no relation to this folemnity, but tGo!< 
 its rife Uom Eafiri, the name of the Sjxon 
 deity or goddefs, whofe (eitival was cele- 
 brated dbout this time of the year, and after 
 its abolilhment by ChilrtiiDity the name 
 was retained, and is to this day ufed to fi;;nily 
 the feftival of Chiift's refuiretlion, as men- 
 tioned above. 
 
 EA'STERN, Adj. fituated, looking, or 
 tending towards the e.ifl, or tiiat point of tht 
 Comp.ifs in vvhith the fun ri es. 
 
 EA'STWAKD, Adv. [eaftiutarti, Sax. 
 from eaji and nccard, S^x, luairib, or icairlusy 
 Cu.h. towards or igainfij towards the dft, 
 ortb.it point of the c<m pais where ihe fun 
 rifct vkiitn in the c^oinuiUdl puiiiU. 
 
 E C C 
 
 EA'SV, Adj. [from etfe, <w!s, Goth, exfi 
 Arm. J to be performed without fatigue, in- 
 cumbrance, or difficulty ; free from diftur- 
 Lance or anxiety ; beiieving without enquiry 
 or oppofilion ; credulous; complying; free 
 from bodily pain 5 without formality ; ele- 
 gantly negligent. 
 
 To EAT, V. A. [preter ate or eat, parti- 
 ciple eae, or eaten, from etan ; or ilan, Gosh, 
 which makes afan or aitan, in the preter, 
 etan, Sax. et, Ifl. preter aat'\ to devour or 
 cunfume by the mou h. Figuratively, to cor- 
 iode, or dtftroy, applied to the aflion of fome 
 corrofive fubfunce ; to confume prodigally ; 
 to re:ra£t or unfay a tbin^, when joir.ed to 
 •vootd. Mcuterly, to go to meal ; or feed j 
 to take food : to confume by corroding. 
 
 EA'TABLE, A;ij. fit for food, or'capable 
 of being chewed and fwaHowed. 
 
 E A'TLRj S. a [ erfon who chews and fwal- 
 lows any food ; th;.t which corrodes. 
 
 EA'flN"G.r-TOU.sE, S. a placp wheie per« 
 fons tniy be fupplied with food ready dreft. 
 
 EA'V'ES, S. [<_/I;'f, Sax.] the edges of a 
 roof which h.-sng ever a b(sufe. 
 
 To EA'VES'-DROP, V. A, to catch what 
 drops from the eaves of a houfe. Figurativelv, 
 to iiften un.ier the windows of a perion's 
 houfe, in order to difcover fecrets. 
 
 EA'VES-DROrPHR, S. one who lifien* 
 under a perion's windows, in cruer 10 difcover 
 the fecrets of a fami'y. 
 
 EBB, S. [eiKJiod, Sax. ehht, D^n. and Belg. 
 e'^ba, eiben, Belg, to flow back] the flowing 
 back, or retieat of water towards the lea; a 
 (blinking of water in a river by the turn of 
 its tide. FifKrativ£ly,dscay ; decline; wafte, 
 a low ccndition. 
 
 To EBB, V, N. to flow back towards the 
 fca. Figuratively, to decline ; to decay ; to 
 wafte. 
 
 E'BEN, E'BON, or Eli'CNV, S. [eba-uw, 
 Lat.] in Natural Hiflory, a kind of wood, 
 brought from the Indies, of a black colour, 
 exreedingiy hsrd and he.ivy, rul'ceptible of a 
 very fine poli(h, and on that account ufed ia 
 Mol'dic and inliid works. 
 
 EBO'N, Adj. made of ebony. " Night in 
 her chn car." Tcufg. 
 
 EBRl'ETY, S. Y^brietas, Lat.] intoxica- 
 tion occafioncd by Wrong liquors ; drunken- 
 nefs. 
 
 EBRI'OSITV, S. [ehlofita!, Lat.] habi- 
 tual drunkeniiefs. " That religion which ex- 
 rufcth Noah in furprizal, will neiiher acquit 
 e'iriofiiy) nor ebrieiy." liioivn, 
 
 EBULLI'TION, S. [ebuUio, Lat.] the aft 
 of boiling with heat, Fiaiiiatively, an in- 
 icftine niotion of the particles of the body 5 
 the commotion, flruggle, ferrr.entation or cf- 
 fervefcence occafiotie.i by the mingling to- 
 ?e her anv alcalineand acid liquor. 
 
 ECCr.'NTRIC,orECCL.NTRICAL,Adj. 
 
 [eccentricus, Lat.] departing or deviating fr<.m 
 
 a center j not having the lame cenrer. Fi- 
 
 gutativcly,
 
 E C L 
 
 gtiratlvely, not anfwering the defign ; not tend- 
 ing to the end intende<). " Eccentric to the 
 ends of his mjfter." Broivn. Irregular; not 
 confiftent wit^h any rule, or cftablifhsd cuftom. 
 ECGE'NTRICITY, S. the departing from, 
 or the flate of a thing with a different center j 
 the ftate of a thing with a different center 
 from another ; excurflon from an employment, 
 or proper fphere of atlion ; an improper fuu- 
 ation. In Aftronomy, aojjlied to the earth, 
 the diftance between the focus and the center ( 
 of its elliptic orbit 
 
 E D G 
 
 To ECLI'PSE, V. A. to darken any lu- 
 minary. Figuratively, to defrroy any light J 
 to drown a leffer light by faperior fplendor j to 
 cloud j tf)obfcure; to difgrace. " Her huf» 
 Land was vc!ii)[ed \n Ireland." Clcnnd, 
 
 ECLi'PTiC, S. [Gr.] in Aftronomy, a 
 line on the furface of the fphere of the world, 
 which the fun defcribes in its annual revolii. 
 tion. In Geography, a great circle of the 
 lobe cutting the equator under an angle of 
 23 deg. 29 mini It is fuppofed to be divided 
 nto twelve parts, each of which arc marked 
 
 ECCLESIA'TIC, or ECCLESIASTICAL, with one of the twelve figns, and contains the 
 
 Adj. [ecci'i/i.ijfkus, Lat.j relating or appropri 
 atcd to the le.vice of the chuvch. 
 
 ECCLES'A'STIC, S, a perfon devoted to 
 the fervice of the church ; a clergyman. 
 
 ECCOPRO'TICS, S. [plural, from ix, and 
 xowj©', Gr. excrement] in Phyiic, medicines 
 which purge gently. 
 
 ECHINATE, or ECHINATED, Pm. 
 or A<lj. [from echlr.us, Lat.j biiiUed like a 
 hedge-hog ; fet with prickles. 
 
 ECHI'NUS, S. [Lat.J a hedge hog ; a 
 fheil-fifh fet with prickles. In Botany, rh-; 
 prickly lieJd or cover of the feed or top of any 
 plant. In Architeiflure, a member or orna- 
 ment near the bottom of the Ionic, and other 
 capitals, next to the abucus, taking its name 
 trom the rough nefs of its carving, re-fembiing 
 the prickly rinJ of a chefnut, or the prickly 
 coat of a hedge-hog ; it is called o-uolo by the 
 Italians, and e^gs and anchors by Englifli work- 
 men, becaufe carved with anchors, darts, and 
 ovals, or eggs. 
 
 E'CHO, S. [jnyu, Cr. a found] a found 
 rellecled from a folid body, and by that means 
 repeated to the car ; the place where the re- 
 petition of a found is produced or heird. 
 
 To E'CHO, V. N. to refoiind ; to be found- 
 ed back afetond time. Aitively, to multiply 
 a found. 
 
 ECCLAlRCI'SSEMENT,S.[Fr,l:heaf> 
 of deuing up, or explaining any iilfair by 
 word of nioutn. 
 
 ECLA' r, [Fr.] fpkndor ; luftre } or glory. 
 
 ECLECTIC, Adj. [from ir.My^, Gr. to 
 chufej f;l«ding j or having a pov/cr of chuf- 
 ing or preferring. " Cicero w.:s of the ecUHk 
 fedt," Watiu 
 
 ECLI'PSE, S. [ex>,£t^I-(f, of exXsittw, Gr. 
 to failj in A.ironomy, a djrkening of otit of 
 t-he luanin.ir.es, by the intcrpofition of lome 
 opak« body between it and the i:ye, or be- 
 tween it and the moon. The fun is ecliifcd 
 by the moon's intervioing between the e.(rth 
 and ihf fun. An eclipie of tbe inoon is when 
 the atmofphere of the earth, being between 
 the fun and moon, hinders the lignt of the 
 fun from falling upon and being reflcded by 
 the mnod : if tbe light of the lun is kept off 
 from the wiiole body of the moon, it is a tf'tal 
 tc^ipje, it trom a part only, it is a partial one. 
 A ft^ie of darknefs, or waiK of kjiowledge, 
 applied to Wic muid. 
 
 pace of a month. 
 
 E'CLOGUE, 3. [from aiy©^, and 'Kiy'^, 
 Gr. a difcour.'ej a paftoral poem, wiiofe fcenes 
 are confi.ied to a rural life, and whofe perfon- 
 ages sre ihep'.icrds. 
 
 ECPHRA'CTiCS, S. [of suf^ag-Tia, Gr. 
 to tree from obftrudtionsj fuch medicines as 
 open the veiTels through v/hich the humours 
 are to pafs, or which render tough humours 
 thin, and thereby promote their difchargc. 
 
 EC'STACY, S. [EKraa-.f, Gr.] any fudrieii 
 paiTion cf the mind, by which the thoughts 
 are for a time abforbed j exceffive joy or rap- 
 ture. 
 
 ECSTA'SIED, Adj. enraptured j elevatedj 
 or abforbed. 
 
 ECSTATIC, or ECSTA'TICAL, Adj. 
 enraptured j or elevated to an ecftafy. 
 
 E'CURIE, S, [Fr. from efuus, Lat. a horfej 
 a covered place wherein horfes are houfed. 
 
 ED'DY, S. [from ed, Sax. backward, cr 
 again, and ea, Sax. water] water which is 
 beat and returns back again to the place from 
 whence it llowed. Figuratively, a whirlpool ; 
 a circular motion 5 a whirlwind. 
 
 ED'DY, Adj. v/hirling; moving in a cir- 
 cular manner. " Chaff with cdJy winds is 
 whirl'd around." DryJ. pddy water, among 
 mariners, implies dead water. 
 
 EDEMATOSE, S.[oiV«>^"--]''wellingj 
 full ot humours. " A leroJity obllruclin^; the 
 glands may be watry, eJ.'nijtoje, or fchirrous." 
 .drbuth. 
 
 EDGE, S. [eege. Sax. aKn, Gr.] the /harp 
 fide of any cuttinjj inftrument 5 a H.jrro.v part 
 arifin^ fro.-n one which is broader; the extre- 
 nfity, border, or ouifiritj of a thing. 
 
 To EDGE, v. A. to iharpen, or make an 
 In.'iroment cut better ; to border, or put I'i.-.ie- 
 thini» round the extremities of a thinj ; to 
 exiilpcrate j to excite ; to put in fuch a poli- 
 tion as to make way or give roo«n ; to advance 
 beyond a line, or fltuaiion. *' Edging by de- 
 gretrs their chjirs forw.'.rds." Loclte. Neu- 
 tcrjy, to advance, or move forward againft 
 .iny obftacle, or body moving in an oppofite 
 direction ; to go clofe upon a wiiid, and fail 
 (low. " I muft ed^e upon a point of wind." 
 Drjd. 
 
 ED'GED, Part, (harp, oppoifed to blunt. 
 
 ED'GING, S. fomething added by way of, 
 
 ornament j a narcow lace. In Gardening 
 
 A a 4 rows.
 
 EDI 
 
 E F F 
 
 yows of ftruTS or plants, phced round tbe jl.ontlon, Lat. 55 deg. 5S min. north long. 5 
 
 exiremities ot a bed, intV«ad of borders 
 
 ED'GELESS, Adj. not fit to cut with ; 
 bhint. 
 
 ED'GEWISE, Adv. with the edge placed 
 in a partkuhr direction. 
 
 E'DIBLE, Adj. [.-do. Lat. to eat] fit to be 
 eaten; fit for foo<<. 
 
 E'DICT, S. [e/ifflum, Lit.] 3 law, cr pro- 
 cl m3tior, enjoining the doing or torbeating 
 ipf ff-me action. 
 
 EDIFICATION, S. [aJc:, Lat. a hoyfc, 
 itiii facia, tp malctj itiprovement ; the acini 
 advancing a perfon in religioi. 
 
 EDIFICE, S. f/f/i;J7f:tfw, Lat.] a bniiding 
 or houfc, generally applied to fignify fome 
 lare;P or pompous buil.img. 
 
 E'DIFIER., S. one who improves* another 
 ty inflruftion. 
 
 ToEDIFY, V. A. [(tf:f>cc, Lat.] to build ; 
 to improve by inftruftion ; to inftrui^, or 
 teach. 
 
 t/DILE, S. [^M;, Lat.] -the title of an 
 officer among the Rom.ins, who refembled the 
 citv maifhil in London, or a furveyor. 
 
 E'DiNBURGH, S. (ciiy 0!) the metro- 
 polis of the ihireof its own name, or Mid- 
 Lothian, and of all Scotland. It was for- 
 pieily the royal feat of its kings and par- 
 liaments, as it is ftill of the fupieme courts 
 of judicature, pariicuUrly the court of fcfTion, 
 confifting of- fixteen judge?, one of which 
 is ftiled Lord Prefident ; jufticiary court, com- 
 miffary court, Cfc. The north prn Scots, its 
 antient inhabitants, calltd it Dunned, orDun- 
 fden, i. e. Eden- hill, or the hill of the 
 Edeni, whom Ptolemy, frcm Tnift>l;e, as 
 fome think, calls Ottodcni, from Scottodeni, 
 In Laiin it is called Edir.um, Edinodur.uyn, or 
 more properly, Edinlurgum. It ftands high; 
 and among its feveral Itreets is a remark- 
 able broad one, above half a mile long to the 
 Nether- bow, with handfonie (lone houles on 
 each fide; but fome buildines upon it, calleJ 
 theLucken-booths, and the guard-houfe, very 
 itiuch interrupt, if not difgrace it. At ihc 
 weft^end of this ftreet is a v»ry ftrong c.nllt, 
 or rather citadel, upon a rock, inacccfii'jie 
 on all fide;, but at one avenue opening to 
 the faid ftreet ; and this be'ng floutly forti 
 fed with cannon and regular works, the 
 Highlanders in vain at'empted it in 1745- 
 Here is a garrifon and govcrmr, in whi.h 
 office was the late general Gueft at th 
 time. Alfo a royiil palace of hewn ftone, 
 where King J^mes I. of En»hnd was torn. 
 In this place therejalia, rtcorJs of (late, and 
 national magazine of arms and ammuniticn, 
 are kept. Two wells in the rock plcnti''u!ly 
 fapply the garrifon with water. The city 
 ihas the two pennies Scots 5ft for the car- 
 rying on their pub'ic works, which they em- 
 ploy to great advant .ge. Tlicy ctive a good 
 trade, and fend one mtmbsr to the Biiti/h 
 
 deg. weft. 
 
 EDl'TION S. [editls, Lat.] the publica- 
 tion or imprrflion of a book. 
 
 E'DITOR, S. one who prepares a msnu- 
 Icript tor thi preis, and correfls the errors of 
 the proof fhet s while it is printing. 
 
 To E'DUC.ATE, V. A. leduaMum, fupino 
 of edi::o, Lat.] to bring up a perfon ; to give 
 ii.(lri.;£tion to a perfon during his minority. 
 ^EDUCA'TION, S. the care taken of a 
 perfon in his younger years to adorn his mind 
 with learning, and e.mbellifh his conduct with 
 morality. 
 
 To S'DUCE, V. A. {educo, Lat.] to bring 
 out i, to txfracl ; to bring to light ; or to bring 
 tfom a ft. re of concealment. 
 
 To EDU^LCORATE, V. A. [from duUis, 
 Lat. I'weetj 'o fweeten. 
 
 EDULCOR A'TION, S. in Pharmacy, the 
 fvveeteninj; a ihinj by means of honey, fugar, 
 or lyrup. I^Cheniiftry, the a£l of frefting- 
 ing or cleanfiag a thing from its falts by fre- 
 cjuent wafhing in water. 
 
 To EEK, V. A. \eacan, ecan, ican, Sax. to 
 add or increafe ; eck, Erfe, eak, Scot] to make 
 bigger by the addition of another piecs ; to 
 fupply any deficiency, fometim'.s including 
 the idea of bungling, or botching ; ufed with 
 ihe particle out, 
 
 EEL, S. \el, S-jf. nal Dan. and Teut. ad, 
 Celg.] in Natural Hillory, a filh of the fer- 
 psntine kind, 
 IFF. See EFT. 
 
 To EFFA'CE, V. A. {.ffjar, Fr.] to de- 
 ftroy any painting; to f;;0!l the form of any 
 piece of carving ; to blot out ; to deflroy all 
 marks or traces of a thing from the mind. 
 
 EFFE'CT, S. {(fi'iciui, Lat.] a confequence, 
 advantage, avail, profit or fervice, " Chrift 
 is become of no ijfeB." Gal. v. 4. The pur- 
 port, intention, or ni-aning of a difcourfe, or 
 fpe king. '• They fp ike to her to that (fftS." 
 2 Chro. xxxiv. 27. In the plural, goodS] fur- 
 niture, nv moveables. 
 
 To EFFECT, V. A. \cffe5}uir., fupine of 
 efic'io, Lat.] to bring to pafs ; to attempt with 
 fucceis ; to produce as a caufe, or by the ap- 
 olication of power, 
 
 EFFE'CTIBLE, Adj. that which n\ay be 
 produced, done, or performed. " Not effeEl- 
 ihle ui)un the ftritleft experiment." Bacon. 
 
 EFFE'CTIVE, Adj. having the power to 
 produce an tft'cfl. Adlivch , proper for a£lion. 
 EFFE'CTIVELY, Adv. with power j pow- 
 erfully; ;eallv; entirely. 
 
 EFFE'C TLESS.Adj. withouteftea ; with- 
 out ciuruig any change or alteration by the 
 applicjtion of power ; without producing any 
 etTea. 
 
 EFFE'CTOR, S. [Lat.] one who produces 
 any efTcCl ; one w])o is the caufe of a thing. 
 " We commemorate the creation, and pay 
 wnrfiiip to that infinite Being, who was the 
 
 jailianaeat. It lies 3Z0 miles north from | *^t(Sor of it," Dtrham, 
 
 EFFE'CTUAL,
 
 E F F 
 
 EFFE'CTUAL, Adj. [effcau-l, Fr.] pro- 
 ducing (he objcd, end, or defign lor which it 
 is intended. 
 
 EFFE'CTUALLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 rer as to produce the end for which it is ap- 
 plied. 
 
 To EFFE'CTUATE, V. A. [f/e.^a^r.Fr.] 
 to bring to p^U; to arcompliih. 
 
 EFFE'MiNACy, S. [from effeminate] the 
 afting like a woman ; loftne'.s or want oJ 
 ihofe qualities which diftinguifh and become 
 a man. 
 
 ErFE/MlNATE, Adj. [effemir.atus, Lat.] 
 void of the qualities which diftinguifh and 
 adorn the male fex j afting or behaving like 
 ilupruous or I'lx irioi'.s. 
 
 [f^wiHO, Lat.] 
 
 a woman 
 
 To EFl'EMl'NATE, V. A 
 to make wummith. 
 
 EFFEMi'N ATION, S. the quality or caufc 
 of rendering a perfon womanifh. 
 
 To EFFERVE'SCE, V. A. [(ffe>i'efco. 
 Lat.j to grow warm, or produce heat by Jer- 
 mentation, or the motion of the particles of 
 a body among thcmfclves. " Effer-vejce, even 
 to a fluTie." Mi'ad. 
 
 EFFERVE'SCENCE, S. [effer-vefco, Lat.] 
 3 light ebullition, or brifk intefUne motion ot 
 the particles of liquor, caufcd by the firft ac- 
 tion of heat. In Cbemiftry, an ebullition, 
 or inttftine motion refulting from the mix- 
 ture of bodies of different natures, which oc- 
 cafions heat, or boiling, relembling that which 
 Is caufed by fire, 
 
 EFFICA'CIOUS, Adj. [efflcach, gemtlve 
 of effcax, Lat.] producing the effeifl or end 
 intended, I 
 
 EFFICA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to produce the. eftc£t or end intended. 
 
 EF'FICACY, S, the power of producing 
 the end or effcft intended. Applied tofpeech, 
 perfuafion. 
 
 EFFI'CIENCE, or EFFI'CIENCY, S. 
 [^efficiens, Lat.] the aft of producing effedts 
 or changes in things or perfons ; agency, 
 
 EFFI'CIENT, S. [efficiers, Lat.j a caufe ; 
 one that makes or caules things to be what 
 they are. 
 
 EFFI'CIENT, Adj. leffide»s, Lat,] having 
 the power to produce or caufe alteration or 
 change in things, either by altering the qua- 
 lities, or introducing the new ones. 
 
 EF'FIGY, S. [effigia, Lat.] the refem- 
 blance or reprefentation of any thing drawn, 
 painted' or carved. A.n idea, applied to the 
 mind. 
 
 EFFLORE'SCENCE, or EFFLORE'S- 
 CENCY, S. \cffioreJceni, Lat.] In Botany, a 
 produflion of tiowers. -In Natural Hiftory, an 
 excrefcence in form of flowers. In Medicine, 
 a breaking out of feme humours, &ff . in the 
 Ikin. 
 
 EFFLORE'SCENT, Adj. [effloreJcentU, 
 
 T G L 
 
 EFFLU'ENCE, S. [effluent, Lat.] that 
 which flows from fome principle. 
 
 EFFLU'VIA, or EFFLUVIUM, S. [Lat.] 
 the Imall particles continually emitted by, or 
 flowing from a body, which, though they do 
 not fenfibly dccreale the bocfy from whence 
 they p:oceed, have perceptible eft'cfts on the 
 fenfes. 
 
 EF'FLUX, S. [e§luxus, Lat.] the aft of 
 flowiag out \ eftalioa \ fpreading; or the vi- 
 fible etfeft of fome caufe j that which floWS 
 from lomething elfe ; an emanation. 
 
 To EF'FLUX, V. A. [.:ffuxum, fupine of 
 cffluo, Lat.j to flow from j lo move in fuccef- 
 l:on. 
 
 EFFLU'XION, S. [effluxum, Lat.] that 
 which flows out. " Some effluxions, from 
 fpirit to fpiiit." Bac. The aft of flowing out. 
 " By ^MA/on and attraft ion." Broavn. 
 
 EFi-ORMA'TlON, S. the aft of giving 
 form to, or making. " The production and 
 cffjrmation of the univerfe." Ray, 
 
 EF'FORT, S. [Fr.j a ftruggle; a laborious 
 or vehement endeavour or exertion of power. 
 EFFRO'NTERY, S. [ffronterie, Fr.j an 
 immodell and undaunted boldne's, by which a 
 perfon is capable of undertaking any aftion, 
 including the idea of impudence and daring, 
 
 EFFU'LGENCE, S. [effulge?,s,Ut.] iplen- 
 dor, or a glorious degree ot light, 
 
 EFFU'LGENT, Adj. [effulgens, Lat.j fhln- 
 ing with a fuperlative degree of light or fplen- 
 dor.. 
 
 To EFFU'SE, V. A. [effufus, Lat.j to 
 pour out ; to fpoil, 
 
 EFFU'SION, S. [effufio, Lat.j the aft of 
 pouring out ; Iheddsng ; the aft of uttering 
 or pronouncing with fluency ; profufion or 
 generous giving. Figuratively, the thing 
 poured out. " Purge me with the blood of my 
 Redeemer, and I fliall be clean ; wafli me 
 with that precious effujhn, and I fhall be 
 whiter than fnow," AT. Charla. 
 EFFU'SIVE, Adj. pouring out. 
 EFT, S. See EFF, {effete, Sax. called like- 
 wife an evtt\ a fmall kind of animal, hav- 
 ing four feet and a long tail, refembling the 
 lizard, or crocodile, and to be found in watery 
 places. ^ 
 
 E, G, [for exempli gratia, Lat.] for the 
 fake of an example ; as tor example. See 
 letter E, 
 
 E'GER, S, [See EAGER] an impetuous 
 and irregular tide. 
 
 EGG, S. [<r£, Sax. c^, Dan. egg, Ifl. ough, 
 Erfe, a'lcka, Rulf. ivcg:ze, Boh. J in Natural 
 Hiftory, a part formed in the females of cer- 
 tain animals, which under a fhell, more or 
 lefs fphericai, includes the young of the fame 
 fpecies. 
 
 To EGG, V. A. [eggljK, Sax. eggia. Run, 
 and Dan. agaccr, Fr.j to incite 5 to tnftigate j' 
 
 genitive of efflorefceni, Lat.j ihboting out in to induce'a perfon to profecute an aftion with 
 the fliape of flowers. In Medicine, appearing vigour 
 
 in pimples or other eruptions on the fltin, I 
 
 EG'LANTINE, S, [efglantitr,Vt. egbe- 
 
 Icnticr,
 
 E I G 
 
 E L A 
 
 i»r.-.T, Bc'g. offgW, Eele. anhe(1gft-hog, on I El'CHTEENTH, Adj. [from eight an<* 
 
 sccount of its prickle^j a kind of wild rofe. \t!ntb\ the order of a thing either in place o' 
 
 E'GOTISM, S. [vgotlfme, Ff. from ^^4, |j^uccelTion, which is removed the aiftance of 
 
 t. IJ a fault connniitied in writing or dif- I leventeen from the firft ; or twice as muchf 
 
 jrfe, incluaing too frequent and oftentatious or as far ^as, nine. 
 
 EIGHTFOLD, A.ij. eight times as much 
 as any other number or quantity. 
 
 El'GHTH, Adj. \cabteotka. Sax. ahtudim, 
 Goth.] a ward expreffing the order in which 
 a thing ftands from the hrft, and is next be- 
 yond the feventh. 
 
 El/GHTIETPI, Adj. [hundiatatltigotha. 
 Six. j an ordinal, implying that a thing or fuc- 
 ceffion is removed eighty times, including the 
 fiift. 
 
 EI'GHTSCORE, Adj, [from eight and 
 yiv^-ej. eight times twenty, or 1 60. 
 
 La 
 cou 
 
 an ufe of the pronoun I \ tec Jiequent men- 
 tion of a perfon's felf in writing or converfs- 
 ticn. *' The moft violent egotijm I have met 
 with." Spicl. No. 562. 
 
 E''GOTlST, S. [tgonfte, Fr. from ego, Lat. 
 IJ one who often repeats the word J : a per- 
 fon who nientions hiinreif too frequently, and 
 with crtentstion. 
 
 To E-'GOTIZE, V. A, to ment'ion one's 
 fcJf too frequently, and toD oftentatioufly. 
 
 EGREGIOUS, Adj. [tgregms, Lat.Jfome- 
 what above the com.TDon or ordinary run 5 re- , , , 
 
 Oiaiksble } worthy of notice, or extraordinary EIGHTY, S. [from eight and ty ; of tig, 
 either in a good or bad fen fe, b6t ge.oeraily 1 G<>th. ry«, Sax. of ri. Run. ten, i.e. eight 
 mfed in 3 bad one. times ten, huKdeatatig, Sax. the M\i:At htind 
 
 EGRE'GIOUSLY, Adv. better or worfe being prefixed by them frt m 70 to tzo. 
 than ordinary ; utjcominonly belter or worfe ; 1 abiautehur.d, Goth, attitihi, Ruii.J a num- 
 prodigioMiH' i extremely. " He muft be rrr^- ber confifting of eight times ten added to- 
 
 g'oujly mHiiken." 
 
 t'GRESS, S. ygrtffus, Lat.] paiTage cut 
 of a place ; liberty to go out. 
 
 EGRh'SSlON, S. [r^rf//??, Lat] theaa 
 ef coniirig out. " The manner ot illuingout 
 of their Jhips, and the perpetual egre/Jitin." 
 
 Fo/f's in^d. 
 
 E'GRET, S. a fowl of the heron kind, 
 with red legs. 
 
 EGRE'TTE, S. [Fr.J an ornament of 
 ribboi;*. Worn by ladies on the front pare of 
 their hair. 
 
 To EJA'CULATE, V. A. [fjaculatus, or 
 t^acu!or,LM.] to dart out; tofhoot. Neuteriy, 
 to bre<!the a fliort occaftonal prayer. 
 
 EJACULATION, S. in iis primary fenfe, 
 the acl of ihrovi/ing or daiting cut. Figura 
 lively, an occafio.ial, entemporary, fliort, and 
 pious prayer. 
 
 EJrt'CULATORY, Adj. fu-JJenly darted 
 cut ; cxiired'cd in fhort, abrupt, or uncon- 
 jK^ed fenterM;es. 
 
 To EjE'CT, V. A. [ejcFtum, fuoine of 
 i^'iw, Lat. j to throw, call, or dart out with 
 force. Figuratively, to expel or drive from 
 a place or po.TcHitjn ; to drive avv.iy witli 
 hatred ; to exclude ; fling awoy, or rejeiS. 
 
 EjE'CTlON, S. {fj;rtio, L^t.J thc'-ia of 
 expelling, or driving fru.-n a piace or poiTc/licin. 
 Tn Mcdici.ie, a difchargc maoc by vomit, ftoo), 
 or any emunf^orv. 
 
 Ej£'::TMLNT, S. in Law, a writ by 
 which any inhabitant of a houfe, or tenant 
 o^ an eftdte, is commanded and obliged to 
 depart . 
 
 EICH, Interjedtion, a fudden expreflion of 
 celiyhr. 
 
 EIGHT, Adj. [cHo, Lat. cxin, Gr.] a 
 ijumher confiding of twice tcur. 
 
 Ei'GHTfc'EN, Adj. a number confiftingof 
 »en and eight units added together, or of 
 twice nine. 
 
 getber. 
 
 E'lGNE, Acj. [pronounced aine, from 
 aijne, Fr.j in Law, the eider or firif-born j 
 not alienable ; entailed. " Eigne, iV.A not 
 fu'jjecl to forfeiture for the alienation that 
 Cometh arter it." Bdc- 
 
 Ei'THER, Pron. [agstbsr. Sax. J cne or 
 other of (v.o perfons iacirt'erently ; borh, or 
 each. " Seven times the fun hs eitbir tro- 
 pic viewed." Dryd. Adverbial y, and in 
 difiribution to oJiimguifh between two or 
 rrore tilings. " If tuber pUce, or time, or 
 other courie." Diyd. 
 
 EjULA'TlON, S. lejulatio, Lat.] an out- 
 cry of afledting and pcneir.ting grief. 
 " With difnidl groans— and ejulation.'''' Phiiifs, 
 EKE, Conjufifl. [eak, S x. auk, Goih, 
 ick, Belg. a-:cb, Teut. oc, Dan. J likewife j 
 alfo ; befide?. " Th-t this is eke the throne 
 of love." Prior. Oblolete, unlels in poetry. 
 
 To ELA'BORATE, V. A. {eUboratus, 
 Lar.J to produce with difSculty and labour. 
 " Tney in fuUJoy e'abora'e a figh." Tang, 
 To exalt, or improve the nature of a thing by 
 lucceflive changes or improvements. '* The 
 Tap is (Jiverfified, and flill more and more 
 eluli-^rated itiii exhaled." y}>.'iutb. 
 
 ELA'BORATE, Adj. [e/aboratus, Lat.] 
 fin. .lied with great elegance and labour ; per- 
 torined with pains and diligence. 
 
 ELA'BORA TELY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to bei'pcak elegance, owing to piiins and 
 diligence. 
 
 ELA'BORATION, S. the improving or 
 cx..hing the nature of a thing by lucceffive 
 cnanges and alteraiionsj the producing witli 
 great care and iuuuilry. 
 
 To ELA'NCE, V. N. [elarcer, Fr.] to 
 Hart 5 to throw out. 
 
 To ELA'rSE, V. N. [e.'af>fus, of e.'ator, 
 Lat.] tu le; nip j or to fuf5-"er u> pafs wi.hout 
 notice Of improvemen:, applied m time. 
 
 ELA'STIC,
 
 ELD 
 
 E L E 
 
 TLA'STIC, orELA'STICAL, Adj. [{Xaai, [others In years ; born before others ; one wIjo 
 Gr.] having the property of retuining to ics has lived or enjoyed any thing longer thao 
 own form or /liape, after having loft it by another. 
 
 fome external force ; fpringing 
 
 ELASTi'CITY, S.' a property in bodies, 
 by which they return forcibly, and of ttieir 
 own accord, to the fame dimenfions or fornr) 
 they were of before compreflion, or before 
 their having loft it by that force. 
 
 ELA'TE, Adj. [e/atus, from efero, Lat.] 
 fiuflied, puffed up, or haughty, on account ol 
 fuccefi. 
 
 To ELA'TE. V. A. to puff up, or make 
 one proud with praife, profperity, or fuccefs ; 
 to exalt or heighten ; " Truth divinely break- 
 ing on his mind — eiated h\s being." Tbomjon. 
 ELATION, S. haughtinefs or pride oc- 
 cafioned bv fuccefs. 
 
 EL'BOW, S. [elhoga, Sax. eVtloeg, Belg. 
 ehknbogen, Teut. alhu, Dan.] the joint or 
 bending of the arm next below the fhoulder. 
 Figuratively, anv bend/ng or angle. 
 
 To EL'BOV/, V, A. to puOi with the 
 elbow. Figuratively, to ftruggle for room ; 
 to encroach upon. Neuterly, to jut out in 
 angles. I 
 
 ELBOW-ROOM, S. room to ftretch out 
 the elbows on each fide. Figuratively, free- 
 dom from reflrdinr, or confinennent, " Now 
 my foul hath e/ioiv-raom.''' Shak, 
 
 EL'DER, Adj. [eld, elder. Sax.] one who 
 furpafies another in years 5 one v/ho is born 
 before, ir oae who furvives another. 
 
 EL/DERS, S. plural, [ealder, Sax.] perfons 
 whofe age gives th(;m a claim to honour a.id 
 refpeft ; thofe who are born before others j 
 anceftors. Amcng the Jews, the rulers of 
 the people, anl'svering to the word fenator 
 amon^ ihe Romans, In, the New Teftament, 
 fuch of the clerpy, as had iome authority in 
 the church on account af their years. Among 
 the Prefbyterians, 1 .;, i.en introduced into the 
 kirk polity, in fcflions, prelbyteries, fynods, 
 and affemblies. 
 
 EL'DER, S, in Botany, the empalement of 
 its fl.jwer is perfniinent, confifting of one k-at 
 cut in fivsparts. It is ranged by LinnEeus in the 
 3d ftft. of his 5th clafj. The inner bark is by 
 fome efteerneJ good for dropfies ; the leaves 
 are outwardly ul'ed for the piles and inflam- 
 mations, and form an ointment. The fiowers 
 are inwardly ufed to expel wind, and when 
 noade into an ointrftent, ufed outwardly as a 
 cooler. The berries are efteemed cordial, and 
 ufeful in hyfteric diforders. 
 
 EL'DERLY, Adj. bearing the marks of 
 old age, advanced in years. 
 
 EL'DERSHH', S. a claim founded on being 
 born before another ; fe.iiority, or being born 
 before another ; prelbytery, or an affembly, 
 conlilKmg of elders, inverted with fupreme 
 authority in church-^;overnmenr. 
 
 ELDE'ST. Adj. [the fuperlative of old, 
 which is comp-red thus, old, elder, cldtfl \ 
 from tiiid, ialdti)-, eLjh, %ix.\ exceeding 
 
 E'LECAMPANE, S. [heknlum, from /'«- 
 ulcecumpsna:-, according to Skinner] inBotanyj 
 it hath a radiated compound flower, with an 
 imbricated empalement, compoled of loofe 
 fpreading leaves. It is placed by Linnaeus ia 
 the ad feG. of his 19th clafs. 
 
 To ELE'CT, V. A. \ehaum, fupinc of 
 elego, Lat.] to choofe a perfon for the difcharge 
 ot fome poft or office; to take in preference of 
 others. In Divinity, applied by fome di- 
 vines, to fignify choice made of fome perfonj 
 by the Deity as objedls of his favour and 
 mercy. 
 
 ELE'CT, Adj. \eUBui, Lat.] chofen ; 
 taken by preference from other ihingj 
 piopofed as cbjecls of choice ; chofen to 
 fupply an ofHce or place, but not yet in 
 pOiTefiion. " The bifhop ekEi takes the 
 oaths." AjVxffe, Put after the fublUntive in 
 tftis fenfe. 
 
 ELE'CTION, S. \jkElioi Lat.] the aft of 
 choofing a perfon from other competitors to 
 difcharge any office or employ ; choice. Fi- 
 guratively, the power of choofing; the pri- 
 vilege of elefting a perfoR to difcharge an 
 employ 5 the ceremony of a public choofing 
 of a perion to difcharge an employ. In Divi- 
 nity, the (late ot a perfon who is chofen by 
 God as an object worthy of his favour, or 
 fit tor his merrv, 
 
 FLE'CTI'E, Adj. exerting the power of 
 choice; re^iulated, beftowed, or conferred by 
 free choice or votes. 
 
 ELE'CTIVLLY, Adv. by choice 3 with 
 preference of one to another. 
 
 ELE'CTOR, S. one who has a vote in the 
 choice of an officer ; a prince who has a voice 
 in the choice of the emperor of Germany. 
 
 ELECTORAL, Adj. having the title, 
 dignity, and privilege of an elector. 
 
 ELE'CTORATE, S. the territory, domi- 
 nion, or government of an eletlor. 
 
 ELE'CTRIC, or ELEC 1 RICAL, Adj. 
 having the power of attrafting by friftion, 
 or without magnetifm ; produced by an elec* ' 
 trie body. 
 
 ELECTRrCITY, S. a virtue or property 
 in lome bodies, whereby they will attra^ 
 others when excited by attrition er fiiflion. 
 
 To ELE'CTRIf Y, V. A. to communicate 
 Ol endue with the eledric virtue. To ehRnfy 
 fl'ii, is to communicate a greater degree of 
 Che eleftric ma:ter to a thing, than it natu- 
 rally poffeffes. To thSrify minus, is to ex- 
 hauft the ele£lrical matter from a fubftance 
 which is fully charged with it. 
 
 To ELEC TRI'SE, V. A. to communicate 
 the eleftrical power to any fubftance that has 
 it noi, or has it to a lefs degree. 
 
 ELE'CTUARY, S. \ekauar\um, Lat.] a 
 medicinal compofition made to the confiftencc 
 cf a •onfcrve, 
 
 ELE'.
 
 E L E 
 
 ELE'GANCE, or ELE'GANCY. S. [tie- 
 gJiiria, Lat.J a fyinmetry of parts whkh ra- 
 ther fooths th-n pleafcs/and carries with i; 
 rather the idea of neatncfs than beauty. 
 
 EL'EGANT, Adj. [.•/^■^iiri, Lat.] pleafing, 
 or caufing pleal'ure by meaacr beauties-j neaij 
 Slice. 
 
 ELE'GANTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 « to pleafe by neatnefs and exaflnefs. 
 
 ELE'GIAC, Adj. [elcgiacus, Lac.j ufed in 
 el;gies ; mmirnful ; (orrowful. 
 
 ELE'GY, S. [eJegui, Lat.j a poem written 
 oa lome mournlui fubjeft; a poem on any 
 fubjed wrote in a fimple, plantive flile, with- 
 out any points or turns ; a funt-ra] Tone. 
 
 E'LEMENT, S. [^Jemenfur^r, Lm.} the firft 
 or conftitucnt principle out of which any 
 tiling is made ; a pnnrip'e into which any 
 thing is relolved, and which will adnnic (a 
 RO further refolll^ion. The elenen/s of the 
 Ferif>a!elics are, fire, water, air, and eaith, of 
 which (hey imagine all things to be coiTipofed. 
 The Cartcfian.s hold three elements, thefr 
 utatir'ta Jubtilis, and two others of a denfer 
 kind. The chemical elements -are itvtn, 
 thofe of the Peripatetics, to which they add 
 fclt, fulphur, and mcrcuiy. Figuratively, the 
 letter of any language j the loweft or firft 
 jtudiments or grounds ot any art or fcience. 
 
 To ELE'AIENT, V. A. to compound of 
 elements. " In thofe, faid to be tlementtd 
 tadiss." 
 
 ELEMENTAL, Adj. compofed of, or 
 jBoduced by. fome of the elements j arifing 
 t'lcm fome fitft principle. 
 
 ELEME'NTARy. Adj. uncompounded; 
 Umple^ without tr.ixture ; having only one 
 principle or element for Its eflence. 
 
 E'LE.MI, S. in Pharmacy, improperly call- 
 erf a gum, but, in reality, a tranl'parent refin, 
 of a whitifh colour, intermixed v/ith yel- 
 lowilTi particles, very otten of the col'-'ur and 
 confi.'tence of wax. Jt is fuppofed to be pro- 
 daced from a tall tree of the olive ki.nd, an J 
 is broupht in tiattiih or cylindrical malies 
 from Ethiopia. 
 
 EfL£PHANT,*S. lihpbas,Ut.'] in Na- 
 tural Hiflory, the largeft of all the quadru- 
 pede or foitr-foored animals. 
 _ ELEPHANTIASIS, S. [Lat.] in Medi- 
 cine, a frecies of leprofy, fo called from cover- 
 ing the ikin with incruftations, like tlioie on 
 the hide or an elephant. 
 
 ELEPHA'NTINE, Arij. [chphartinus, 
 I.at.j pertaining or belonging to an elephant; 
 partaking of the qualities of an elephant. 
 Likewifc a title given to certain books among 
 the Romans, which contained an account of 
 the aftions of the emperors, and the laws 
 made by the fenate ; fuppofed to be fo callru, 
 either from their vaft fize, or their being com- 
 pofed of ivory. 
 
 ToE-'LEVATE, V. A. {tU'-aiut, Lat. ot 
 tlcvo. La'. J to raifc aloft, on h;gh, or at a 
 
 difianu liom the ground j ta exalt or (^ig-^a thicker cor.Hltence than a. tiii£ture ; the 
 
 cxtra^ 
 
 ELI 
 
 nify ; to raife the mind with great and fuS- 
 limei.icas ; to elate, or make proud. 
 
 E'LEVATED, Part, or Adj. raifed or 
 fitUdtcd on high. 
 
 ELEVATION, S. {ih-vafio, Lat.] the aft 
 of ra;fmg on high. Exaliation, applied to 
 dignity., or preferment, i'he raifing the 
 thoughts to contemphte lofty and fublime 
 lubjcds. In Aflronomy and Geography, the 
 height of any objedl above the horizon. In 
 Architedure, a draught of the principal fide 
 or face of a l.uiiding, called its upright. In 
 PerlpeiStive, a drauglu or reprefcntation of the 
 whole body of a building. In Gunnery, the 
 angle which tlie chafe of a piece of ordnance, 
 or the axis of its hollow cylinder, makes with 
 ihs plane of the lioruoa. 
 
 ELEVA'TOR, S. [Lat.] a raifer or lifter 
 up. 
 
 ELE'VEN, Adj. [endlufan, andlefan. Sax. 
 tiiefny HI. aUi-vn, Run. elf, Belg. tyiff, Teut.J 
 one more than ten j twice five, and one 
 added. 
 
 ELE'VENTH. Adj. {tndlujta, tniUfta, 
 (Cr.iyfta, alyfta, Sax. from an, one, and lyfian. 
 Sax. remaining, or over and above] an oidinal, 
 exprcriing the ntxt in order beyond the tenth. 
 ELF, S. [plural eh'ei ; for moft nouns 
 ending in /, in the fingular, change the f 
 into 1-is in the plural ; from e'tlf Brit, alf, 
 S.;X. alp, Teu; a.f, Belg.] a wanuenng fpint, 
 tiequemii^g folitary places, a faijy j an evil 
 Ipirit or devil. 
 
 E'LFISH, Adj. [from thes, the plural of 
 elf\ belonging to the elves, or fairies. 
 
 To ELKCIT, V. A. {elic'itum, of eliclot 
 Lat.j to ftrike, find out, or diicover by dine 
 of labour and art. 
 
 ELPCiT, Adj. [elichus, Lat.] brought 
 from a ftate of bare pulTiQility to that of real 
 exiftence ; broii«;ht into aft j internally aftedj 
 exerted by the will. 
 
 ELICI TATION, S. [tlidtuiy Lat.] in the 
 Schools, a dedudlmg er bringing the power of 
 the will into a£t. 
 
 ELIGIBPLITY, S. worthinefs of being 
 chofert. 
 
 E'LIGIBLE, Adj. [*%;i;/?i, Lat.] fit to be 
 cholcn 3 worthy of choice; preferable; pof- 
 lefling all thofe qualities and excellencies, 
 which are fufficient to fet a thing above 
 others, and recommend ir. 
 
 ELl'SION, S. lelifia, Lat.] in Grammar, 
 the cutting oft a vowel or fyllable in a word, 
 PS " in th' atterpt,'"'' where e is cut ofF, be- 
 caufe coming before a vowel j this is called 
 fynaiajpha, frequently praftifed in Engliih poe- 
 try, and always obferved in Latin verfe. A divi- 
 fion, cutting, dividing, attenuating, or a repa- 
 ration of parts. " An elifion of the air." Bac. 
 ELI'XIR, S. [c/.f/r, Arab, an artificial 
 extraction of lomc ellencej a medicine made 
 by ftrong infufioQ, v^here the ingredients are 
 aimoft diilblveJ in the menftruucn, and give it
 
 E L O 
 
 extra£l: «r qulnteflencc of any tWng ', any 
 cordial or invtgoraling fluid or i'ubftance, 
 
 ELK, S. [<r/f, SiX. alee, Lat.] a large and 
 ftately animal o the ftag kind- The princi- 
 pal hunting of the lavages of Canada confifts 
 ■1 the purfuit of this animal. 
 
 ELL, S. {Uomde, Sax. tine, ox elk, Belg. 
 /, elk, ellen, Tcut. aulne, Fr. alna, Span. 
 ulna, Lat.] a long mealure, containing 40 
 inches, 16 nails, or five quarters of a yard. 
 The Flemifli ell contains only three quar- 
 ters, or iz nails, and the French fix quarters 
 or 24 nafls. 
 
 ELLITSIS, or ELLE'IPSIS, S. [E>vXEilif, 
 Or. a deficiency] in Grarrimar, or F-hetotic, 
 a figure by which fomething left out in a 
 fentence, is to be fupplied by the reader or 
 hearer. In Geometry, a regular continued 
 curve line, including a fpace, which is longer 
 than hlfcad, vulgarly called oval. 
 
 ELLI'PTIC, or ELLl'PTICAL, Adj. hav- 
 ing the form of an elliglis ; of an oval form. 
 ELM, S. [Sax. elm-iree, Dan. cclme, Belg. 
 trme, Fr. ultnut, Lat.] in Botany, Tournetort 
 ranges it in the 3d left, of his 20th clafs, and 
 . Linnaus in the ^d fcft. of his 5th clafs. 
 
 ELOCU'T ;0;C, S. [eloamo, Lat.] the 
 power of expreliing one's ideas with fluency 
 of fpeech j eloquence j the power of expref 
 fion or diflion j the choofing and adapting 
 words and fentences to the things or fenti- 
 ments to be expreffed. 
 
 ELO'GY, S. [eloge, Fr. lu, well, and 
 Xoyi'j), Gr. to fpeak] praife or panegyric be- 
 fiov/ed on a perfon on account of his merit. 
 
 To ELO'NGATE, V. A. [longus, Lat.] 
 to ftretch 5 to lengthen or draw out, applied to 
 the furface or dimenfions of a thing. Neuter- 
 ly, to go farther off from a thing pr place 
 ■ ELONGA'TION, S. the aft of ttretching 
 or lengthening ; the ft^te of a thing ftretched 
 In Aftronomy, the digrefiiun or recefs of a 
 planet from the fun, with refpeft to an eye 
 placed on our ear h. Ufed by feme for the 
 diflference of motion between the fwifteft or 
 flowed of tvio planets, or the quantity of fpace 
 which the one has gone bcy-ind the other. 
 
 To ELO'PE, V. N. [iuopen, Belg. to run] 
 te run away ; to break looie ; to efcape from 
 law or reflraint. In Law, to quit or leave a 
 bufband. 
 
 ELO'PEMENT, S. departure, or with 
 drawing from juft reftraint, or lawful power. 
 In Law, the voluntary dtp.irture of a wife 
 from a hufl].ind, who, providing theelopement 
 fiibfifts for twelve months, is liable to lofeher 
 dower, or jointure. 
 
 ELO'QUENCE, S. [eloquentla, Lat.] the 
 art of fpeaking with elegance, fo as to move 
 the afleftions ; the power of fpeaking with 
 fluency J a figured and elegant ftileor diftion, 
 adapted to warm the imagination, and move 
 the paflions. 
 
 ELO'QUENT, AJj. [eloqtfeii, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the power of fpeaking with elegance. 
 
 E M A 
 
 fluency, and in fuch a manner as to move the 
 paflions. 
 
 ELSE, Pron. [elks. Six.] other; one bc- 
 fides that which is mentioned. 
 
 ELSE, k'iv. otherwife j excepting the per- 
 fon or place mentioned. 
 
 ELSE'WHERE, Adv. in fome other place} 
 in any other pljce. 
 
 To ELU'CIDATE, V. A. leluddam, 
 Lat.] to caft light upon a ditEcult or intri- 
 cate fubjeft 5 to explain ; to clear ; to make 
 cleir. " To elucidate, a little, the matter.'* 
 Boyk. 
 
 ELUCIDA'TION, S. the aft of rendering 
 a difficulr (ubjeift plain ; an explanation. 
 
 El.UClDA'TOR, S. a perfoii whoexpljtinj 
 difficiiltie'i ; a comnxentator. 
 
 To ELU'DE, V. A. [e!udo,Lit.[ to efcape 
 by ftr.tagem ; to avoid any milchiif or danger 
 by artifice ; to moi k or difappojnt the expec- 
 tation by an unforefeen efcape, 
 
 ELU'DIBLE, Adj. pofl"ible to efcape by 
 
 artifice; poflibleto be defeated ordifappointed. 
 
 ELU'SION, S. [elufio, Lat.j an artifice 
 
 which is concealed from the knowledge of 
 
 another ; a fraud. 
 
 ELU'SIVE, Adj. ufing artifice to efcape 
 or avoid. •• 
 
 ELU'SORY, Adj. fraudulent. 
 To ELU'TRIATE, V. A. [elutrlalus, of 
 elutrio, Lat. J to ftrain. " Elutriating the 
 blood as it pafles through the lungs." fVifem. 
 ELY'SIAN, Adj. lelyfm, Lat.] pertaiAing 
 to elyfium ; pleafant j delicioufly foothing j 
 exceedingly delightful. 
 
 ELYSIUM, S. [Lat.] in the Ancient 
 Mythology, a place in the lower world, fur- 
 nilhed wiih pkafant fields, lEfr. and fuppofed 
 to be the receptacle for the fouls of tiie de- 
 paited. 
 
 To EMA'CIATE; V. A. [err.adatm, from 
 emacio, Lat.j to mak'- a thing wafte, or grovir 
 lean. Neuterly, to grow lean ; to pine; to 
 wafte away. 
 
 EMACIATION, {emaciatui, Lat.] the aft 
 of making lean ; the ftate of a perfon grown 
 lean, wafted away, or in a conlumption. 
 
 E'MANEN T, Adj. [emanant, Lat.j iffu- 
 ing or flowin» from fomething elfe. 
 
 EM.-VNA'TION, S. [emanatia, Lit.] the 
 afl of proceeding or flowing from fomething 
 elfo ; that which flows from fubftance, like 
 effluvia. 
 
 EMA'NATIVE, Adj. [manatus, Lat.] 
 ifluing or flowing from. 
 
 To EMA'NCIPATE, V. A. [emandfa- 
 turn, fupine of emaricipo, Lat.] to fet free from 
 flaverv of any fort ; to reftore to liberty. 
 
 EMANCIPATION, S. the aft of fetting 
 free 5 deliverance from flavery. 
 
 ToEMA'SCULATE, V, A. [emafculatum, 
 fupine of emajculo, Lat.] to deprive of that 
 property which dillinguiflies the two fexes ; 
 to caflr ite, or geld ; to render foft, effemi- 
 nate, or womaniihi 
 
 EMA'S-
 
 E MB 
 
 TIMASCULA'TION, S. the aft of ca- 
 firating ; efleminacy ; a fofc and luxurious 
 habit. 
 
 To EMBA'LM, V. A. [embaumer, Fr.] 
 to impregnatT a dead body with gums and 
 fpices to prevent its putrefying. 
 
 EMBA'LMER, S. one who preserves the 
 bodies of the dead in fuch a manner as to pre- 
 vent their putrefying. 
 
 EMBA'LMING, S. the preparing the bo- 
 dies of the dead fo as to prevent their putre- 
 faflinn. 
 
 EMBA'RGO, S. [eir.bar^an, Span.] a pro- 
 hibition or reftraint laid upon veffels by a fo- 
 vereign, whereby they are prevented from go- 
 ing out, or from entering into a port, for a 
 certain time. 
 
 To EMBA'RK, V. A. [eml>ar^uer,Tr.] to 
 put on board, or into a fliip. Figuratixtly, to 
 engage another in an affair. Neuterly, to go 
 on ihip-board. Figuratively, to engage as a 
 party in an affair. 
 
 EMBARKA'TION, S. [from embark] the 
 aft of putting on board a fhip ; the aft of go- 
 in? on board a fhip. 
 
 To EMBA'RRASS, V. A. [emharrapr, 
 Fr.] to perplex or confound a perfon with an 
 affair of difficulty and trouble. 
 
 EMBA'RRASSMENT, S. [from emb::r- 
 rafs] perplexity, or confufion, arifing from 
 fome difficult affair, fubjeft, or undertaking. 
 
 To EMBA'SE, V. A. [from ia/sj to de- 
 prave, or lelTen the worth or quality of a thing; 
 to degrade or vilify. 
 
 EMBA'SS ADOR, or EMBASSA'DOUR. 
 See AMBASSADOR. 
 
 EIvlBA'SSADRESS, S. a woman fent on 
 a public meflaae. 
 
 EM'B ASS AGE, or EM'B ASS Y, S. a mif- 
 fion of a perfon from one prince to another, 
 in order to treat of affairs rchting to their ref- 
 pedtiveltates. Figuratively, any folemn mef- 
 fage; an errand or meffige in an ironical fenfc. 
 
 To EMBA'TTLE, V. A. to range in bat- 
 tle arrsy. 
 
 To EMBA'Y, V. A. [from %] to inclofe 
 in a bay or port. " If not irifhelter'd or cm- 
 tayedf thev're drown'd." Shak, 
 
 To EMBE'LLISH, V. A. {mbclUr, Fr.] 
 to adorn ; to beauiily j to grace or fet out with 
 crnamcnts. 
 
 EMBE'LLISHMENT, S. ornament ; any 
 thing which gives a grace to the perfon or 
 mind. 
 
 EM'BERS, S. [plural ; not ufed in the 
 Cnguhir, from a.m\rion, S.ix. afhes, tyn»:yriii, 
 Ifl. hot afhes, or cinders J v. ood or coals h.<ll 
 burnt, and not extinguiflitd ; aflies which re- 
 tain fire, though not vifible on their furface. 
 
 EM'BER-VVEEK, S. {ymlren, Sax. cir- 
 cular days, btcaule they returned periodically 
 four times a year. Skinner dciivcs it fiom 
 tmlcn, bccaufe it was a leafon for falling, 
 when it was ufual to fcaiter jpa on the head J 
 the tiir.e fet apart by the Church for public 
 
 E M B 
 
 orifinat'ons, at the four feafons of the year ; 
 wherein fome ember day falls, -vlx.. \ht Wed- 
 nefday, Friday, and Saturday, after the fiiil 
 Sunday in Lent ; the feaft of Pentecoft ; Sep- 
 tember the i4-h, and December the 13th. 
 
 To EMBE'ZZLE, V. A. [perhaps de- 
 rivtd from a corrupt pronunciation of imbecilf 
 Fr. j to turn to one's own ufe what belongs to, 
 a.id is intrufted by, another. Figaratively, 
 to wafte \ to ronfume in riot ; to fquander. 
 
 EMBE'ZZLEMENT; S. the aft of malt- 
 ing u.'"e of what belongs to, and is intrufted 
 by, another. Figuratively, the thing diliio- 
 nedly made ufe of. 
 
 To EMBLA'ZE, V. A. [i/<./o««r, Fr.] 
 to adorn with glittering ornaments. Jn He- 
 raldry, to blafon or paint a coat of armour. 
 
 To EMBLA'ZON, V. A. [btajjlnntr, Fr.] 
 to adorn with bearings in hciaidry. Figura- 
 tively, to de.k in gawdy colours j to difplay 
 with pomp an^l oftentation. 
 
 EMBLE'M, S. E,uCx>i/ixa, [from E/x?aXXw,' 
 Gr. J inlay; any thing infcrted in another j 
 an hieroglyphical device or piflure, reprefent- 
 ing lome hiflory, or moral inftruftion. 
 
 EMBLEMA'riC,orEMELEMA'TICAL. 
 Adj. containing an emblem ; or conveying 
 fome truth under an hieroglyphical or piftural 
 defcription. 
 
 EMBLE.M A'TICALLY, Adv. after the 
 form ot an emblem, riddle, or hieroglyphic ; 
 in a figurative or allegorical manner. 
 
 EMBLEMATIST, S. a writer or maker 
 of emblems. 
 
 EM'BOLISM, S. [from =>?«>.X<«, Gr.] in 
 Chronology, the addition of a certain num- 
 ber ot days to make the lunar year, which is 
 but 354 days, equal to the folar, which it 
 365. Figuratively, the days which are added, 
 or intercalated. 
 
 EM'BOLUS, S. the moveable part of a 
 pump, or lyring", named likewile tiie pifton, 
 and by the vu]j;ar, tkcjuc'-'er. 
 
 To E.MBO'JjS, V. A. [from iofi, Fr. a 
 protuberance] to form into knobs, protube- 
 rances, or unevenneHes ot furface. Figura- 
 tive'/, to adorn with embroidery, or other 
 raifed work. In Carving, to form in relievo. 
 In Hunting, to inclofe in a thicket, irom em- 
 icfcinc, Ital. To hunt a deer hard, I'o as to 
 make it foam at the mcuth, or run a hound 
 lo hard, as to make his knees fwell. 
 
 EMBO'SSMENT, S. any thing jutting, 
 or Ifanding out. In Carving, relievo, or fi- 
 gures which (l-and cut beyond the ground, and 
 Iv/ell to the f:ghr. 
 
 To EMBO'TTLE, V. A. [from en, Fr. 
 in, and bottle] t» inclofe in a bottle; to bot- 
 tl-. " Some lirmcft fruit ««icf?jW." Phtlips, 
 
 To EMBO'WEL, V. A. to take out the 
 bowels or entrails of any creature. 
 
 To EMBRA'CE, V. A. [et^tirafer, Fr.] 
 to hold or ciafp fondly in the arms. Figu- 
 ratively, to feize on eagerly ; to make ufe of, 
 and accept willingly. ** You embrace th' 
 occafion."
 
 E M E 
 
 occafion." Shak, To admit ; to receive or 
 aiTenC to as truth, applied to the mind. 
 " What is there he may not embrace for 
 truth." Locke. 
 
 EMBRA^'CE, S. a fond clafp, or bug. 
 
 EMBRA'CEMENT, S. the aft of cncir- 
 
 'ling and fondly preflinp a perfon with one's 
 
 rms. Figuratively, ths ftate of a thing con- 
 
 iained, or encoitipaired by another ; conjugal 
 
 arelVes and endearments, 
 
 EMBRA'CER, S. the perfon who chfps 
 T.other fondly within his arnns. 
 
 EMBR ASSURE, S. [Fr.J in Fortification, 
 ihe hole or aperture, through which cannon 
 ire pointed, either in cafemates, batteries, or 
 in the parapets of walls. 
 
 To EM'BROC ATE, V. A. {i-A^iX""' ^r.] 
 to fprinklej to rub any dife.ifcd part with 
 medical liquors. " To embrocate her arm." 
 
 EMBROCATION, S. the aft of rub- 
 bing any difeafed part with medical lif|Uor ; 
 the lotion with which any difeafed part is 
 rubbed. 
 
 To EMBROI'DER, V. A, [hroder, Fr.] 
 to border wi(h ornaments ; to adorn lilk, vel- 
 vet, or other ftuft' with ornaments, vyrought 
 with a needle, either in gold, filver, lilk, or 
 thread of the fame colour. 
 
 EMBROI'DERER, S. one who works a 
 thing wiih flowers, or other cruamems, of 
 raiffd needle-work. 
 
 EMBROI'DER Y, S. the enriching with 
 figures wrought with the needle ; figures raifed 
 or wroiigh: on a ground with a needie. Fi 
 puratively, the different colours which adorn 
 the fields in fummer. 
 
 _ To EMBRO'IL, V. A. [brouUkr, Fr.] to 
 diflurb J to fet perfons at variance; to excise 
 quarrels j to involve in confufion and trouble 
 by civil difcord and ciimmotion. '^ 
 
 EM'BRYO, orEMB'RYON, S. [iy-^^vxy. 
 Or.] the firft rudiments of an animji whii.h 
 is nut come to its ftate of perfed\iun. \n Bo- 
 tany, the gr*in, or feed of a plant, or liiejsm 
 or firft fptoiit appearing out of th^: feed, Fi 
 guTdtively, the ilate of any thing not finifhed 
 or come to maturity. 
 
 EMEN'OaELE, Adj. [Uom ewendo, Lat.] 
 capable of being maJe better by change or al- 
 teration. 
 
 EMENDA'TION, S{emerdiitui, Lot.] the 
 aft o! making a tiling better by alteration, 
 change, or co'reclion ; an alteration made in 
 die reading of an author by a critic. 
 
 EMEND.VTOR, S. [Lat ] one who im- 
 proves, or renders a thing belter by alteration 
 or correthon j a corndor. 
 
 EME'KALD, S. [emevaudc, P'r. xamiKorod, 
 Axi'^. fmerahlo; i\.A, jmaragduSyhal. \ in Na- 
 tural Hiftory, a precious (lone, .jl'ual'y of a 
 very brifcht and naturally poliihrd iuvtice, A 
 ways of a pure 'nd beautifu; grecn,wi'houc ad- 
 mixture of any other colour, and of iil die va- 
 rious ihadcs from the dacpell t\j the palcft, 
 
 E M I 
 
 To EME'RGE, V. N. {mergo, Lat.] to 
 rife out of any thing with which it is co- 
 vered, or depreilsd ; to iffue, or proceed ; 
 to rife from a ftaie of obfcurity, diilrefs, or 
 ignor.ince. 
 
 EME'RGENCE, or EME'RGENCY, S. 
 the u£l of riling from any thing which co- 
 vers i the atl of rifing from a ilate of ob- 
 fcurity and diftrefs ; any priiiing necefli:y j a 
 fuddeii occafion ; an unexpeded incident, 
 
 EME'RGENT, Part, [emergens, Lat.] 
 rifing from that which covers, conceals, ob- 
 fcures, or deprefTes. Proceeding or iifuing 
 from, ufed with//ci;«. Sudden, or preffiog, 
 joined to occafiun, * 
 
 EME'RSION, S. iWr/«j, Lst. ofewr^, 
 Lat.] in Phyfics, the rifing of any folid above 
 the lurface of a fluid into which it is vioiantly 
 thruft. In Aftronorny, the appearance of a 
 (lar, after its having been oafcurcd by too 
 near an approach to the fun ; or alter having 
 been eclipfej or hid by the interpofition of the 
 moon, earth, or orher body. 
 
 E'MERY, S. \tmtr'il,Yt fmyris, Lat. cr.utJ- 
 fi;, of cjj.av, Gr. to clean] in Natural Hjf- 
 cory, an iron ore, of a diirtcy brownish red on 
 the furface, ufcd in clean ng and poi:fliing ■ 
 ftcel, grinding an edge to tools, and by lapi- 
 darie- to cut their (tones with. 
 
 EME'TiC, S. [e/.*£«, Gr. to vomit] a re- 
 medy winch excises vomiting. 
 
 EMETIC, or EMETIC AL, Adj. having 
 the oHality of provoking vomits. 
 
 EME/TICALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to provoke to vomit. 
 
 To EMIGRATE, V, U~[emigratus, Lat. 
 of emigro, Lat.] to remove from one place ta 
 •another. 
 
 EMi'NENCE, or EMI'NENCY, S. [em/- 
 ■nent'ia, Lat.] loftinels j height from the 
 ground upwards; the fummit, or higheft part 
 ot a ihinji. Figurativtiy, exaltation; prefer- 
 ment ; fame ; or the ifate of being cxpofed to 
 public view and notice ; a fopreme or fupcrior 
 dffgree, " Whoever pure thou in the body 
 enjoyeR — we enjoy — in eminence.^' l-'ar. Lojl, 
 A I tie or dignity and honour, peculiar to car- 
 dinals ; hence it is ufi.d for refpeft, notice, 
 reverence, or all the fubmiflions due to lupe- 
 rior rank. " Prtjfent him em'wence both with 
 eye and tongue." Shak. 
 
 i-MPNENT, Part, [emlnens, Lnt.] high, 
 lofty, applied to fituJtion. Figuraiively, ex- 
 alteri, preferred, or confpicuous on account of 
 place, rank, or merit. 
 
 LMl'KEN I'LY, Adv. conipicuoufly ; in 
 fuch a manitcr aseo attradt notice ; in a high 
 di'gre.;, 
 
 EIvSi'SSARY, S, [orifiriui, low Lat.] 
 one lent out on private inelisges ; a fpy, or 
 fectet ajcnt. in Aniiemy, ilia' which emits, 
 or lends out : the lame as excretory. 
 
 Eivll'..S10N, S. [eimfii, L^t.] the aft 
 offending out; vent; the adl of throwing 
 or drawing i ihinC) paniculaily a fluid, from 
 
 within
 
 E M P 
 
 within outwards ; the expulfion or ejeftion of 
 the feed. 
 
 To E'MIT, V. A, [etnitio, Lat.] to drive 
 outwards; to dart ; to lend torih. In Law, 
 to iffue out according to the form prefcribed. 
 EMME'NAGOGUES, S. [i,ufxwct, Gr. 
 the monthly courl'es, and aycu, to drive, or 
 lorcej medicines that promo'.e the courU*. 
 EMME'T, S. [ameiic:, Sax.] See ANT. 
 EMO'LLIENT, 'Part, or A-j. [mor'/ienj 
 Lat. J foltening, or rendering piisble. 
 
 EMO'LLIENTS, S. in Medicine, fuch 
 remedies as flieath the acrimony of humour, 
 and at the fame time foften and fupple the 
 folids, 
 
 EIvIO'LUMENT, S. [ewduwemufr, Lat J 
 profit arifing from an office or employ j gain, 
 or advantage. 
 
 EMO'TiON, S, [Fr.] a violent ftruggle 
 or diflurbance in the mind ; a flrong and ve- 
 hement fenfstion, or paffion, excited either 
 fay a pieafing or a painful ohjeft. 
 
 To EMPA'LE, V. A. [w/-a.'t'r, Fr.from 
 palus, Lat. a pale or ftakej to fortify, inclofe, 
 or defend. 
 
 EMPA'LEMENT, S. in Bo-any, the cup 
 or outmoft part of a llowcr, which encom- 
 palfes the oetcils, or the foliation of the at- 
 tiie. See'lMPALEM-ENT. 
 ■ EMPA'NN£i.r S. [from panre, Fr. a 
 /kin or parchment] the writing or entering 
 the names of a jury in a parchment by a 
 flierid". 
 
 To EMPA'NNEL, V. A. to fummon a 
 perlon to leive on a jury. 
 
 EMPA'RLANCE, S. [from ;'jr/<r, Fr.] in 
 Law, motion or defire for a day of relpite, to 
 conficer of the refult of a caufe; the con- 
 ference of a jury in a caufe committed to 
 them . 
 
 EMPA'SM, S. [ey.Kas-f^a, of tfji.7icL^Tx, 
 Gr. to fprinklej in Pharmacy, a powcer 
 fprinkled on a body, to correft fome ill fmell. 
 To EMPA'SSION, V. A. to move with 
 a firong aftVclion or palTion ; to exciie the pai- 
 fions vehemently. " The tempte,-, all em 
 fajjiond, thus began." Par. Loji, 
 
 EM'PEROR, S. [ewpereur, t"r. impeyator, 
 Lat.] an ablolute monarch, or fupreme com- 
 tnander of an empire. 
 
 EM'PERY, S. \_iwper\um, Lat. empire, Fr. 
 the command of an emperor 5 fcvereign com- 
 mand 5 empire. " Your rights of birth, your 
 trupery.'"'' Hhak, 
 
 EMPHASIS. [Gr.] in Rhetoric, a force, 
 ftiefs, or energy in exprefiion, aifion, or gef- 
 ture. In Grammar, a remarkable ftrefs of 
 the voic placed on any vv'ord or fyllable. 
 
 EMPHA'TIC, or EMPH.VTICAL, Adj. 
 forcible, ftrong, ftriking, or of great energy j 
 ftriking the fight. 
 
 EMPHA'llCALLY, Adv. ftrongly, for- 
 cibly ; full of energy, power, or fignificancy ; 
 fpoken with a great rtrels of voice. According 
 to appearance, oppofed to rea!ity,from t/^'jj.-.ww 
 
 E M P 
 
 EMPHYSE'MATOUS, Adj. ffrom 7/4!^- 
 !rn,uc, Gr.] bloated ^ fwelled } pufted up. 
 
 EMPIRE, S. [Fr. from imperium, Lat.] 
 the territory or extent of land under the iuril- 
 didtion or command of an emperor ; imperial 
 power ; fovereign authority or command ; 
 command over any thing. 
 
 EMPJ'RIC, S. {!iA.m^iy.<^, Gt.] one 
 whofe fkijl in medicine depends purely en 
 practice and experiment, without any deduc- 
 tions of reafon Irom the nfiechanicil operation 
 of med'.cines, or the nature, caufe, and eft'edls 
 of difcafes i'a quack. 
 
 EMPl'RlC,"cr EMPPRICAL, Adj. deal- 
 ing, or verfed in experiments. Belonging to^ 
 or rcferabling a quack. 
 
 EMPlPvl'CALLY, Adv. after the man- 
 ner of a quack, or one wiiu is not regularly 
 bred to phylic. 
 
 EM'PiRlClSM, S. quackery. 
 
 EMPLA'STER, S. [£n,plajirum,l.ai. t;^- 
 7r'ha(r^ov, Gr.J in Surgery, a medicine of a fhfF, 
 glutinous confidence, compofed of feveral in- 
 izredicnis, fpread on paper, linen, or leather, 
 and applied exterrialiv. 
 
 lo EMPLA'STER, V, A. to cover with a 
 plafter. 
 
 EMPLA'STIC, Adj. vifcousj glutinous; 
 fit to be applied as a plafter. 
 
 To EMPLE'AD, V. A. [from plead] in 
 Law, to indidt, accufe, or prefer a charge 
 againft. 
 
 To EMPLO'Y, V. A. [emfloler, Fr,] to 
 fet a perfon about a thing ; to keep at work or 
 exe.'cife ; to ufe as an inftrumenc or mc-ns, or 
 materials ; to commiflion, or intruft with the 
 management of an affair ; to fiii up time with 
 ftudy or undertaking 5 to pafs or fpend in bu- 
 fine.'s. 
 
 EMPLO'Y, S. the onjeft which engages 
 the mind, or is the fubjett of adlion ; a per- 
 fon's trade, bufinefs ; a public office. 
 
 EMPLOYABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 ufed J fie to be applied or ufed, " Thefe ob- 
 je£ts — feem employable againft this hypothefis." 
 Boyle. 
 
 EMPLO'YER, S. one who fets a perfo* 
 about any undertaking; one who ufes, or 
 caufes a thing to be uled. 
 
 EMPLO'YMENT, S. bufinefs ; the ob- 
 ject of labour or induftry ; a perfon's trade, 
 office, or poft ; an affair intruftsd to the ma- 
 nagement of another. 
 
 To EMPOl'SON, V. A. [enipoifofiir,Tr.'} 
 to deftroy by poifon, venom, or any deadly of 
 mortal drug ; to taint v/ith poifon. Figura- 
 tively, to deprave the ideas or principles of a 
 perfon by bad advice, or feditiotis counfels. 
 
 EMPOl'SONER, S. one who deftroys ano- 
 ther by poilon. 
 
 EMPO'ISONMENT, S. the pradice or 
 a(fl of deftroying by poifon. " It were dan- 
 gerous tor fecret empcijom/ients.^'' baccn. 
 
 EMPORE'TIC, Adj. [tfxvo^iltxw, Gr.] 
 thai which is fold at common markets ; be- 
 longing
 
 E M P 
 
 Innging to goods, commodities, or me.'chan- 
 dice. 
 
 EMPO'RIUM, S. [ty-iroficv, Gr.] a place 
 of merchandize; a great city or matket-town 
 vvhick has conimunicaiion with the Tea, and 
 carries on foreign trade. 
 
 To EMFO'VERISH, V. A. [fiau-vre, Fr. 
 poor] to mal'.e poor. Figuratively, to render 
 a foil urfer-tile or barren. 
 
 EMFO"/ERISHER, S. the aft of .-xhauft- 
 ing money ; the caul'e of poverty. The lef- 
 fening richts, or fertility, when applied to 
 ground or vegetables. 
 
 To EiVIPO'WER, V. A. to give a perfon 
 authority to tr<infa£t bu finefs, or carry on any 
 undertaking. 
 
 E'MPRESS, S. the wife of an emperor; 
 a female who has the fovereig.i commano 
 ever an empire. 
 
 E'MPRIZE, S. [Fr.] anundertakingwhicb 
 IS attended witn hazard ^nd danger, and fhews 
 boldnefs. " Ambufh'd we lie, and wait the 
 bold entprixc.'''' Far. Lojl. 
 
 EMPTl'ER, S. one who makes anyplace 
 or thing void by taking out that which was 
 in it. 
 
 EMPTI'NESS, S. without having any 
 thing in it, applied ta fpscs, or vefiels. The 
 ftate of a thing which has nothing in it. Fi- 
 guratively, want of judgment or underftand- 
 ing, incapacity to faiisfy one's wiihes ordefirer. 
 
 E'MFTION, S. \emptio, Lat.J the aft of 
 buyirvg ; a purchale. 
 
 E'MPTY, Adj. having nothing in it. Void 
 of body, applied to fpace, place, or any velFel. 
 Not pofTefling, furnifhed with, or ufing; de- 
 void. '* Incivility tiiou feem'ft (o empty ," 
 i>hak. Unfdiiifd£tory J or unable to content 
 the defiie or expefiation ; void of judgment 
 or underftsnding ; vuid of fubftance, fol.dity, 
 or real exiftence. 
 
 To E'MPTY, V. A. to exhauft, drink up, 
 take, or pour out whit.ver is contained in a 
 veflel or rpcepiacle. 
 
 To EMPV'RPLE, V. A. to make of a 
 purple colour. *' En'tivrpPd with celeHial 
 rofej," tar. Lafl, 
 
 To EMPU'ZZLE, V. A. to perplex and 
 confound the mind with a difficulty which it 
 cannot folve or exphin. " It hath empuxxled 
 the enquiries of others." Broivn. 
 
 EMPYE'MA.S. [from tyand ttuov, Gr. pus 
 or matter] in Medicine^ a colledlion of pu- 
 rulent matter in the cavity of the breaft, 
 which is difcharged therein on ihc barfting cf 
 fome abfccfs or ulcer in the lungs, or mem- 
 branes that inclofe the breaft. 
 
 EMPY'REAL, Adj. [sutt-j^o;, Gr. fiery. 
 Accented by Phillips on the laft fyllablej 
 formed of ether, or pure and celeflial fire; 
 belonginj to the highcft reeion of heaven. 
 
 EMPYRE'AN, or EMPYRF'UM, S. the 
 highed heaven ; the Icene of the bcuific vi 
 £on, wherein the pure elemiut of fire ot ether 
 is fuppoied ts exi^t. 
 
 E N A 
 
 ErvTPYRT;u/MA, S. [e/jLTtuiivofi Gr. te 
 infiame, or kindlej in Chemiftiy, uleJ when, 
 in boiling or diftilling, any thing bums to the 
 bottom of the vefll', or aleinLic ; a fmell or 
 tafie of burning. In Meoicine, the heal re-' 
 moini.Tg upon ih-; declenfinn cf a ttver. 
 
 To EMU'LATE, V. A. [amta'or, Lat.] 
 to rival, Or propofe ; s an object lor imitation ;' 
 to imitate with an endeavour to furpafs. I i-» 
 guratively, to copy; to refemble ; to rife to 
 an eauaiiiy with. 
 
 EMULATION, S. {arrulatio, Lat.] a 
 noble jealouly between pirfons, whereby they 
 endeavour to furpafs cash other in virtue and 
 excellence. 
 
 EMU'LATIVE, Adj. inclined to contefl 
 fupesioriy with another, either from a love 
 of excellence, or a principle of envy. 
 
 EMULA'TOR, S. [Lat.] or.e who en- 
 deavours to furpafs another ill g&od qu;Jit;c3 ; 
 one who envies another's fuccefs, or reputa- 
 tion ; a rival. 
 
 EMU'LGENT, Part, or Adj. [ymu/gttis, 
 Lat.] milking cut, Ufed fubflantively, in 
 Anitomy, applied to thofe aiteriea which 
 bring the blood to the kidnies, and to thufe 
 veins which carry wiiat is fupeif.uaui to the 
 vena cava. 
 
 EMU'LOUS, Adj. [^f?!u/us, Lat.] rivsl- 
 llng ; contending with another for fuuerior.ty 
 in lame, richc, intereft, or virtue. 
 
 EMU'LOUSLY, Adv. in the manner of 
 a rival, or competitor j with a dcfue of fur- 
 pafTing anoher. 
 
 EMU'LSION, S. [emu/p, Lat.J a fof*- 
 liquid medicine, of the colour and conh/lencu 
 of milk. 
 
 EMUN'CTORIES, S. [plural, emurffo- 
 riiim, Lat.] In Medicine and Anatomyj a 
 part of the body v.'hercin (o.r.e humour, which 
 is ufelsff, or nc^;ious, is feparatsd and col- 
 lefted in readinefs for ejeftion, or e;;pulfion. 
 
 EN, an infepavab'.e particle at the begin- 
 ning of the wo'cs derived from the Fiench^ 
 who borrowed it of (he Latin >n ; hence words 
 are indifferently wrote with either, as they 
 are fuppofed to be derive.! from cacii of thoie 
 language?. At the end of words, it implies 
 the matter out of which any thing is niif5-"> 
 as a ivcider. bowl ; and is burrowed froaa the 
 Saxon. 
 
 To ENA'BLE, V. A. to make aSle, or 
 give power fuffi«icat tor the perftrinin..e oi a 
 thing. 
 
 To ENA'CT, V. A. to do, af>, or per- 
 form. " Ena^c'd woniets with his fword.' 
 Shak, To play, or ait a cl-a.-adttr on the 
 ftjge. " I did eKjfl f-Jeftor." ."^fjsi. Both 
 thefe fenfes feem new o'jfole?.;. To make a 
 law; to cftaM ill by law. " It is eraSied in 
 the laws o! Venice." ^ hak. 
 
 EN A'CTOR, S. on? who forms decrees ; 
 one who founds or cilablifltes laws. 
 
 ENA'LLAGK, S. (f cm eyaXXarfa), G-. 
 to change] in Rhetonc, a figuie, whcreia
 
 EN C 
 
 E N C 
 
 the order of word? 'n a Sentence is inverted.lfljcr.ee, or can imparl an overpowering de- 
 In G*tan-.mar, a figure whereby one part o» liuht. 
 fpeecb, or accident of a word, is put tor ano- 
 ther, as when a pronoun pofleliive is put for a 
 ,reJ alive, or one mood or tcnle of a verb for 
 another. 
 
 ENA'MEL,S. a kind of metalline colour, 
 by the Latins called er.cavfiuin, conf;fting of 
 tlie fined crylla! glafs, made ot the beft kali, 
 from Alicant, and fand vitrified together ; to 
 which are added tin and lead in equal quanti- 
 ties, calcined by a reverberatory fire, bciides 
 other metaliic or mineral fubftances, intended 
 to give ihem the colour required j any thing 
 painted with enamel. 
 
 To EN.4'MEL, V. A. to paint or a:1orn a 
 thing with atnel, or enamel ; to lay colours 
 upon a body, fo as to adorn and vary it. 
 " Gooftiieft trees .ippeared with gay enaeiell<d 
 colours mixt." Par. L^Ji. This ufc of ihe 
 word is very elegant, and conveys an idea of 
 the bsi'jtifu! poli/h, as wdl as the vivid colour 
 of the fKiit. 
 
 ENA'MELLER, S. one who paints in 
 enamel. 
 
 ENcA'MELLlNG, S. the aft of applying 
 cnaroel of various colours on meials, t?f. ci 
 ther after the method of painting, or by the 
 lamp, cilled lihewifc the encaultic art, or en 
 sauflic printing. 
 
 To ENA'.MOUR, V. A. [from en. Fr. in, 
 and afitiur, Ft. lovej lo raife the afled^sons or 
 kjve o' a peiTon ; to make a perUn fond. 
 
 EMARTHRO'SJS, S. [from ev, and a^b^av, 
 Gr. a joint] in Anatomy, a joint wherein a 
 loiind-headed bone enters inio a hollow ox 
 cavity ; fucii is that of the luickle-bone. 
 
 To J:NCAC% V, a. to fnut up or con 
 fjni in a cage. 
 
 To ENCA'MP, V. N. to pitch tent9, or 
 fettle in a place lor a time, spplied to an army. 
 A<f>ive!y, to form a regular camp. 
 . ENCA'MPMENT, S. the atr of encamp- 
 ing or pitching tent? 5 a camp, or teats pitclieo 
 in proper order. 
 
 To ENCA'VF, V. a. to conceal or hide 
 aE in a cave. " Do but encavt you^ftU, a' n 
 mark the fleers." Sha!;. 
 
 ENCEl'NTE, S. [Fr.] zn endofure, or 
 ground encloi'ed with a foititication. A mi 
 litary term, introJuccd by nt.>.vs writers, bu' 
 jiot yet nauialized by piopff authority. 
 
 To ENCHA'iN, V. A. \enchaincr, Fr.] fo 
 faOen with a chain. Figuratively, to confine, 
 ©rkeep in bondage or confinement. 
 
 To ENCHA'NT, V, A. [enchanter, ?i.] 
 to fubdue or influence by magic or lorceiy j to 
 delight irrtTiliibly. 
 
 ENCHA'NTER, S. one v.'ho pradifes mn- 
 gic or other fpells ; one who deligntyarpleafes 
 irrefiftibly. 
 
 ENCHA'NTINGLY, Adv. infuchaman 
 ner as to attratt k)ve irrefiftibly. 
 
 ENCHA'NTMENT, S. magical charms 
 or fpells j that whick hw.^n iucfiilibk in- 
 
 EN'CHA'NTRESS, S. a woman whoex- 
 ercilcs magic, or fpells. Figuratively, a wo- 
 man who'e beauty cannot be refifted. 
 
 To ENCHA'SE, V. A. lencb^JJer, Fr,] 
 to fet jewels in gold, filver, ^Sc. Figurative- 
 ly, to adorn. " King Henry's diadem— 
 er.cbas\i with all the honours of tire world." 
 Shak. A beautiful metaphor ! 
 
 To ENCI'RCLE, V. A. [from chde} to 
 urround, encompafs, ot indofe in a ring or 
 circle. 
 
 ENCLI'TICS, S. ihCreek and LatinGram • 
 mar, certain particles or fyllables joined to 
 words, which when united feem to form but 
 one word, and on that account remove or 
 throw back the accent upon the foregoing fyl- 
 lable, as t ? in Lat. dicufve ; yi in Gr. iyxyi. 
 
 To EXCLO'SE, V, A. [enclos, Fr.J to 
 part or furrcund common ground by a fence j 
 to furround or encompafs on all fides. 
 
 ENCLO'SER, S. one whoenclofes or parts 
 oft any parcel of common ground by pales or 
 other fences j any thing in which aaoiher is 
 inclofed. 
 
 ENCLO'SURE, S. the aa of encompaffing 
 common ground with a fence; the appropria- 
 tion of thi.Tgs which have been common 5 the 
 fpace contained within any fence, or limits j 
 ground inciyfed. 
 
 ENCO'MJAST, S. [EyxM^iaf.!, Gr.] one 
 who beilows praife on another j one who 
 fpeaks in praife of another. 
 
 LNCOMIA'STIC, or ENCOMIA'STI- 
 CAL, Adi. containing, or befl:owing praife. 
 
 ENC07.11UM, S. [t;ii fxioy, Gr.] an ad- 
 vantageous reprefentation of the virtues and 
 cxtellcncies of another j praife ; a panegyric. 
 To ENCOMPASS, V. A. to enclofe j to 
 furround on all fides j to fhut in ; to go round 
 any thing. 
 
 ENCO'RE, Adv, [Fr. pronounced atvrg- 
 (ote\ again j over again. A word ufed at 
 public ihews, to teftify the higheft approba- 
 tion, and to defire the perfon to repeat the part. 
 ENCOU'NTER, S. [encontrt, Fr.] in its 
 primary fenfe, a combat, or fight between tW9 
 perfons onlv. Figuratively, a battle or at- 
 t.ck, wherein enemies rufli with violence 
 againft each o.her. Eager and warm con- 
 verl'ation, relating either to love or anger. 
 •' In the inilant of our tncounter,i after we 
 bad fpoken the prologue of our comedy." 
 
 to ENCOU'NTER, V. A. to go to meet; 
 to meet face to face; toatt.ck an enemy; 
 to meet with proofs. " We are encounitred 
 with clear evidences." TiHotJ. To oppofe 
 or engage with 5 to meet by accident or 
 chaijce. " I am moft fortunate thus to eif 
 counter you." Siij'f. 
 
 XNCOU'NXERER, S. an enemy or anta- 
 jonift in war. Figuratively, an adverfary or 
 opponsnt.withrefjppft to opinions.
 
 END 
 
 To ENCOU'RAGE, V. A. [pronounced 
 trcurdge, from tncourager, Fr.J to animate, or 
 Jeciprocally exhort to a pratlice ; to animate, 
 or fupport the fpirltand courage of a perfon to 
 undertake and accomplifh an affair j to coun- 
 tenance j to fupply with authority ; or con- 
 fidence. " This the judicious Hooker encou- 
 rages me to fay." Locke. 
 
 ENCOU'RAGEMENT, S, an incitement 
 to any aftion, or praflice. Figuratively, fa- 
 vour J countenance j fupport. 
 
 ENCOU'RAGER, S. one who incites a 
 perfon to do a thing ; one who favours or 
 gives countenance to a perfon, or an under- 
 taking. 
 
 To ENCRO'ACH, V. N. to invade the 
 right and property of anoiher ; to advance gra- 
 dually and by fteahh to that which a peifon 
 has no right to. 
 
 ENCRO'ACHER, S. one who graduaJJy 
 feizes upon the poflcfTions of another. 
 
 ENCRO'ACHMENT, S. inlaw, an un- 
 lawful trefpafs upon a man's grounds, or the 
 aft of enclofing the ground of another to one's 
 own ufe; extortion, or the infifting upon pay- 
 ment of more than is due j a gradual feizure 
 and leflening of the rights and privi!c£'js of 
 another. 
 
 To ENCU'MBER, V. A. [encumherer.YT.] 
 to load ; to hinder or clog, by any weight, 
 from a£lion, or from the free ufe of one's 
 limbs. Figuratively, to embarral's and diftraft 
 the mind by variety of difficulties : to load 
 with, or bring to great difficulties by debts. 
 
 ENCU'MBRANCE, S. any thing which 
 js troublefome by its weight; an ufelefs addi- 
 tion and burthen ) a burthen upon an eftate ; 
 that which abates from the profits of an 
 eftate : generally applied to debts and mort- 
 ,gages. 
 
 ENCYCLOPE'DIA, or ENCYCLOPE'- 
 DY, S. [^iynvy-Xoirai^iia, Gr.J the circle of 
 the fciences : applied by the Greeks to the 
 feven liberal arts, and all the fciences, 
 
 ENCYS'TED, Adj. [jturw, Gr.J enclofed 
 in a bag. Encyjied tunwurs, in Anatomy, bor- 
 row their name fiom a bag in which they are 
 contained. 
 
 END, S. [entie, Belg. Teut. Dan. and Ifl.] 
 t'ne extremity of any thing, which is extended 
 in length; the laft period or moment of time ; 
 the conclufion, or laft part, applied to adlion 
 or writing. A final determination ; conctu- 
 fion of a debate ; death ; the caufe of a per- 
 fon's death. " Either of you to be the other's 
 end," Sbak. A piece or fragment, " Odd 
 endt.^'' Shak. Dsfign ; purpole ; intention; 
 ot the objedt of a perlon's defigns and ailions. 
 yin end, is ufed inftead of on end, and fignifies 
 upright, perpendicular, or ereft. " His hair 
 ftands an end." Mofl an end, is ufed for com- 
 monly, or at the conclufion of a thing. " SI ive 
 that, ftill mcji an end, turns me to fhame." 
 Sbak. 
 
 To END, V, A, to petfeft, or finifh an 
 
 END 
 
 unJertaking ; to deftroy, or pUt to death, 
 Neuteriy, lo come to a conclufion ; to ceafc j 
 to conclude; lo lerrnindte. 
 
 To ENDA'MAGE, V. A. to prejudice 3 
 to Ic/T, n the value of a thing ; to affett with 
 lofs ; to fpoil, miicief, or 00 haim. 
 
 To ENDA'xVCER, V. A. to expofe to 
 danger, rifque, or hazard. 
 
 To ENDE'AR, V. A. to make dear, cr 
 beloveo. 
 
 ENDE'ARMENT, S. any thing which 
 cauies love ; the ftate of a perfon or thing 
 which is beloved. 
 
 ENDt'AVOUR, S. an attempt, trial, or 
 exertion of power to perform any thing. 
 
 To ENDE'AVOUR, V. A. to exert power 
 m orcer to gain foir.e end; to make an at- 
 tempt ; to try. 
 
 ENDE'AVOURER, S. one who exerts 
 power to attain feme end ; one who attempts 
 or tries to do any thing. 
 
 ENDE'CAGON, S. [iv?£h«, eleven, and 
 yma, Gr. a corner] a figure having eleven 
 lides. 
 
 ENDE'MIAL, ENDE.'MIC, or ENDE'- 
 MICAL, Adj. [ty and Uia<^, Gr. the com- 
 mon people] peculiar to a country. Applied 
 in medicine to a dileafe peculiar to a certaia 
 country, or climate. 
 
 To ENDI'TE, V. At to draw up, com- 
 pofe, or relate, applied to hiftory. 
 
 E'NDIVE, S. [Fr. hiybum, Lat.] in Bo. 
 tany, a fpecies of fuccory. 
 
 END'LESS, Adj. lendehas. Sax.] with- 
 out coming to a conclufion. Without bounds, 
 applied to extent, or Ipace. Without ceafmg, 
 applied to adion. Cuntinual, or eternal, ap- 
 plied to time. 
 
 END'LESSLY, Adv. withont ceafing } 
 without li.Tiits. 
 
 _ END'LESSNESS, S. want of bounds or 
 limits, applied to time, or fpace. 
 
 END'LONG, Adj. with the end or point 
 feremeft ; in a ftraight line. " Then (pur- 
 ring, at full fpecd, ran endlong on." Dryd, 
 
 END'MOST, Adj. farther off; at the 
 fartheft end. 
 
 To ENDO'RSE, V. A. [wr/r/fr, Fr. Ar- 
 jum, Lat. the back] in Commerce, to wri e 
 one's name on the back of a bill of exchange, 
 or promifTory note, in order to pay it away, 
 negociate it, or to difcharge the petfon wh > 
 pays it Irom any future claim on account of i|t. 
 
 ENDORSE'iVIENT, S. in Commerce, the 
 aft of writing one's name on the back of a 
 b:ll of exchange, to fignify thjt the contents 
 are received, or to direft it to be paid to a per- 
 fon mentioned. 
 
 To END'OW, V. A. [endoudirier, Fr. in- 
 doto, Lat. J to give a portion to a perfon ; to 
 alii;;!! or alienate any eftate or fum of money 
 to the fupport or maintenance of any charity, 
 or any alms-hou'e. " Die and endoiv aa 
 alms-houfe, or a cat." Paj^e. To enrich or 
 adorn with any natural excellence. 
 
 B b » ENDO'W.
 
 E N F 
 
 INDO'WMENT, S. wealth beftowed on 
 a perfon, or devoted to any particular ule j the 
 fetting apart or fecurinj a ("urn of" money for 
 the perpetual fupport of a vicar, or alms-houfe; 
 the gifts of nature. 
 
 To ENDU'E, V. A. [indao, Lat.] to fup- 
 ply or furnifh with internal gifts, virtues, or 
 excellencies. " Endue them with thy holy 
 fpirit." Ccmmcn Prayer. To give u? a por- 
 tion or dowry. " God hath endued me with 
 an excellent dowry." Gen. 
 
 ENDU'RANCE, S. continuance ; lafting- 
 nefs 5 the a£l of fupporting or bearing troubles 
 without complaint, or deje£lion. " Their 
 fortitude was mofl: admirable in their patience 
 and endurance of all toils." Temple. 
 
 To ENDU'RE, V. A. [endurer, Fr. duro, 
 Lat. J to furt'er, undergo, bear, or fupport. 
 Neuterly, to laft, remain, or continue ; to 
 bear patiently or without lefentme nt. " How- 
 can I endure to fee the deftrodtion." EJlber, 
 vlii- 6. 
 
 ENDtr'RER, S. one thn hath ftrength to 
 fupport any fatigue or hardfhip; one who is 
 unaf^'efted with any hardlhip. 
 
 END' WISE, Adv. on end ; upright, or 
 perpendicular. 
 
 E'NEMY, S. \cnemi, Fr. mmio, Ital. tn'i- 
 Viicui, Lat.] one who IS of an oppolite fide in 
 war ■■, one who oppofes the intereft or welfare 
 cf another } one who has a flrong diflike to a 
 perfon or thing. In Divinity, the foe of man- 
 kind ; the devil. *' Defend us from the dan- 
 ger of the enemy.'''' Common Prayer. 
 
 ENERGETIC, Arij. [itiiyt-ruoi, Gr.] 
 aiding fo as to perform or produce. A£lively, 
 operative, or working. " A being eternally 
 energetic."^ Creiv. 
 
 E'NERGYjS. [vji^yua., Gr.] power in the 
 abftraft, or confidered without being exerted, 
 or brought into aftion ; power, force, or ef- 
 ficacy. Aftion, ftrength, or force of expref- 
 iion, applied to language. 
 
 To ENE'RVATE, V. A. [enerfatus, of 
 «««n/o,Lat.]to weaken ; to deprive of ftrength j 
 to render effeminate. 
 
 ENERVA'TION, S. the aft of weaken- 
 Ing or rendering effeminate; the ftate of a 
 perfon or thing whofe ftiength is lefiTeneri. 
 
 To ENE'RVE, V. A. [enervo, Lat.J to 
 weaken ; to lelTen force or ftrength \ to render 
 effeminate. " Such objeft hath the pow'r 
 to foften and tame fcvereft temper — Ener-ve, 
 and with voluptuous hope diflblve." Par. 
 Reg. 
 
 ToENFE'EBLE, V. A. to weaken, or de- 
 prive of ftrength. 
 
 To ENFE'OF, V. A. \feoffamatum, low 
 Lat.] In Law, to inveft with any title or pof- 
 feflion. 
 
 ENFE'OFMENT, S. in Law, the aa 
 whereby a perfon is inverted with any dignity 
 or pofteflion ; ihe inftrument or deed by which 
 *ne is invefted with pofltflions. 
 
 ENf ILA'DE, S. [FV.] a feae« or collec- 
 
 E N G 
 
 lion of things difpofed as it were in a l^raigh* 
 line : hence in archite<£ture, an erfilade of 
 doors, windows, or buildings, is fuch a dif- 
 Cribution that they may all be feen in a direft 
 line, or by looking ftrait forwards. In war, 
 applied to ihofe trenches, £ff. which are rang- 
 ed in a right line, and may be fwept or fcour- 
 ed by the cannon lengthwife, or in the di» 
 redlion of a line, and rendered defencelefs. 
 A battery d'enflade, is that wherein the can- 
 non fweep a right line. A port or command 
 d'enJUade, a height from whence one may 
 fweep a whole line at once. 
 
 To ENFILA'DE, V. A. to pierce or fweep 
 in a right line. " The avenues were enfiladed 
 by the Spanifh cannon." Exped. to Cartlag. 
 
 To ENFO'RCE, V. A. [enforcer, l-r.J to 
 give flrength to ; toftiengthenj to fling with 
 flrtngth, vi.ilence, or force. " As ftones— 
 enforced from the old Afiyrian flings." Skak. 
 To animate ; to incite to action ; to urge an 
 argument ftrongly ; to compel to do a thing 
 againft one's will 5 to prefs with a charge or 
 accufation. " If he invite iis there, enforee 
 him with his envy to the people." Shak. 
 
 INFO'RCEDLY, Adv. by violence, or 
 com-puhion, oppofed to I'oluntar'ily. " Thow 
 do'ft it enforcedly.^' Shak, 
 
 ENFORCEMENT, S. [from enforce] an 
 aft of violence ; force offered ; compulfion. 
 A fanftion, or that which gives force, applied 
 to laws ; an evidence, proof, or confirmation ; 
 a motive of conviftion ; a prc/Ting occafton, or 
 exigence. " The leifute and enforcement of 
 the time." Shjk, 
 
 ENFO'RCER , S. one who caufes any thing 
 by force, ftrength, or violence. 
 
 To ENFR A'NCHISE, V. A. [(tOmfran- 
 chij'e] to incorporate a perfon into a body po- 
 litic ; to admit to the privilegesof a freeman j 
 to free from flavetyj to free or releafe from 
 cuftody ; to naturalize or adopt a foreign 
 word, " Theftt words have been enfranehifd 
 among us." ll'^attt. 
 
 ENFR A'NCHISEMENT.S. the aft of in- 
 corporating a perfon into any fociety or body 
 politic ; a releafe from imprifonment or 
 ilavery. 
 
 To ENGA'GE, V. A. [engager, Fr.] f© 
 give as a fecurity for, or be li;iblc to make 
 good, a debt; to ftake or hazard. " Thofe 
 that f;:^(2^f(f their lives for them." Hud. To 
 bind a perfon by any obligation to efpoufethe 
 caufe of a party; to bring into a party; to 
 embark or take part in an afl'air ; to employ 
 one's felf in an attempt ; to unite by fome at- 
 traftion or amiable quality. " This huma- 
 nity and good nature engages every body to 
 him." Sfefl. No. 106. To encounter 3 to 
 fight. 
 
 ENGA'GEMENT, S. the aft of gi»Ing 
 fecurity, or making a perfon liable to dif- 
 charge a debt ; an obligation by promife, ap- 
 pointment, or contraft ; affeftion or adhe- 
 I rence to any party } employment of the atten- 
 tion j
 
 E N G 
 
 tlcn ; fight, conflict, or battle ; a ftrong mo- 
 tive, arpumanr, inducement, or obligation. 
 
 To ENGa'RRISON, V. A. to proted or 
 defend as by a garrifon. " Nepiune wiih a 
 flying guard doth crgirrifan her ftronglv." 
 
 To ENGE'NDEK, V". A. Ungend'e, Fr.] 
 to beget betwfen different fcxes. Figuratively, 
 to form or produce ; to excite j tocaufe; to 
 bring forth.' " Vice engenders fhame, and 
 folly broods o'er grie;'." Frior. Neutcily, to 
 be caufed or produced. 
 
 EN'G1>5E, S. l^ng'w, Fr. irgegno, Ital. 
 from ttt^en'uim, Lar.J a compound ioftrument 
 confiding of a complication of mechanic pow- 
 ers, fuch as wheels, fcrew.', levers, &c. unit- 
 ed, asd corifpiring together to cftV£t the fams 
 end j a military machine ; an initrument for 
 cafiing vi-aier to great heights, in order to ex- 
 tinguifli fires, 
 
 ENGINE'ER, S. [_engheur, Fr. higeg- 
 ttUre, Ital.] .one who makes or works at en- 
 gines; an officer in the army, whofe employ 
 is to infpefl: the works, attacks, defences, (S/c. 
 to point and difcharge the great artillery. 
 
 EN'GlNERV, S. the art of managing ar- 
 tillery; artillery, or ordnance. 
 
 To ENGi'RD, V. A. fpreter and part, 
 paffive, e\girt'\ to furround, or compafs. 
 *' My body round eight with mifery." Shak. 
 
 ENG'L.AND, S. [pronounced Ingland, (a 
 called from the Angles, who fettled in thefe 
 parts in the year 449, and were fituated on the 
 continent between tne Saxons and jatcsj the 
 name given to that part of our ifiand, fouth 
 of the Tweed, though fometimes extended fo 
 as to include the whole ifland of Great Bri- 
 tain. Whether we confider the extenfive 
 nefs of iis commerce; the fertillity of its foil ; 
 the improvements it has made in manniac- 
 tures and arts ; the furprifmg works of ge- 
 nius performed by its natives ; the number of 
 its inhabitants ; the admirablenefs of its con- 
 ftituticn, which takes in the advantages of all 
 the forms of government, without any of their 
 inconveniencies ; the charaifler it has b.>rne 
 for military feats abroad, and exail diftribu- 
 tion of juflice at home ; the liberty it gives to 
 «very individual of performing the rites of 
 religion without compulfion, and of forming 
 them after their own inclination, without the 
 leaft reftraint ; If we confider the progrels it 
 has made both in the fciences and pi.lite aits; 
 that it can boaft a Newton at the head of the 
 philofophic tribe ; a Locke at the head of its 
 roetaphyficians ; that a V/ren, a Joiies, and a 
 Gibfon were its architects ; a Rneller, a Jer- 
 V4S, a Pine are among its painters; a Stranjie, 
 a Grignioo, and a Vertue were its engravers ; 
 that a bh.ikefpear has been its dramatic writer; 
 a Milton its epic poet ; a Pope has been ce- 
 lebrated among the cultiv.itors oi its poetry; 
 a Stanley, Boyce, and Furcel, were its inu- 
 ficians ; a Harvey, a Sydenham, a Mead, a 
 Slcane its phyficians; a Flamrtead, Hilley, 
 and Bradley its afticnumers j a Tillo'.icn, 
 
 E N H 
 
 Stiningfleet, Bingham, Bull, and Warburton, 
 its divines : Jf then we confider thefe only, 
 and at the fame time remark it has always 
 been a fcourge of tyrants, and a bulwark to 
 the liberties of Europe, we mufl confefs, that 
 this Ipot f^-ems highly favoured by Providence, 
 and worthy of the charafter it has always 
 borne among foreigners, who at the fame time 
 as they praife, muft wiih to have been its 
 natives. 
 
 ENG'LISH, Adj. {Ergllfc, Sax.J belong- 
 ing to England. Subftjntively, the language 
 fpoken by the people of England; the natives 
 of England. 
 
 To ENGLU'T, V. A. [engkuter, Fr.] to 
 fwallow up. " Engluts and fwallows other 
 forrows." Shak, To glut ; to pamper, " Being 
 once englutted with vanity." A^chatn. 
 
 To ENGRA'FT, V. A. [gnffitr, Fr. 
 gre£Un, Beig.J in Gardening, to take a (hoot 
 from one tree, and inferc it into anbther, in 
 fuch a manner, as both fiiall unite, and grow 
 together. 
 
 ENGRA'FTING, S. In Gardening, the 
 a£l of taking a flioot frim one tree, and infert- 
 ing it into the froik of another, in fuch a 
 manner as both flj:.ll unite, grow together, and 
 bear fruit. 
 
 ToENGRA'JL, V, A. [horn gn'e, Fr, 
 hailj in Heraldry, to teprtfent a thing with its 
 edges ragged or notched circularly, as if 
 lomething had fallen on and broken it: it 
 differs from indented, becaufe the edges are 
 in that in a ftraight line, but in this femicir- 
 cular. 
 
 To ENGRA'IN, V. A. to dye dicp; to 
 dye in the grain. 
 
 To ENGRA'VE, V. A. [engra-ver, Fr.] 
 to cue copper, iron other metals, or ftone, fo 
 as to reprefent figures thereon. Figuratively, 
 to make a deep impiefTion on the mind. 
 
 ENGRA'VER, S. one who cuts figures on 
 metals, marble, or (Ion s. 
 
 ENGRA'VING, S. the aft or art of cut- 
 ting metals or precious ftnnes with a tool cal- 
 led the graver, in order to repiefent figures or 
 other ornament? ihcreon. 
 
 ToENG RG'SS, V. A. [grr.fflr, Fr.J to feize 
 upon the whole of any thing; to puichaic or 
 buy up any commodi y in order to fell it Jgjin 
 at a>i advanced piice. In Law, to copy writ- 
 ings, in a Ijrte hand, On parthment, 
 
 ENGROSSER, S. he who purchafes large 
 quantities of any ci^mmoJity, in l}r<^e:r to fell 
 it at a high price ; one who feizes or appro- 
 priates the whole ol any thing to hiinleif. 
 
 ENGRO'SSMENT, S. an exoroiiant ac- 
 qiiilition j tlie a<'t of entroaihiiig or leizing 
 upon the whole o' 'ny thing. 
 
 ToENHA'NCE, V. A. [hatifer, enhau^ 
 fer, Fr. iiianxe, iiujnxire, Ital.j to raite the 
 value or price o! a thin;.'; to heighten the 
 efteem ar degree of any quality. 
 
 ENH A'NCEiM ENT, S. incrcafe of efteem, 
 of value, or of degree. 
 
 B b 3 E NIO'Ma
 
 E N L 
 
 E N O 
 
 ENIG'M A, S. [eenlgma, Lat. ni'jiyfMit, Gr. J I To ENLI'NK, V. A. to join, to connect, 
 » propofition delivered in obfoure, remote, and in like jnanner as the links of a chain are 
 ambiguous term«, in order to puzzle or exer- /aliened to each other. ** Enlinkt to wafie 
 cife the wit. 
 
 ENIGMATICAL, Adj. of the nature of 
 an enigma ; obfcurely, darkly, or ambiguoufly 
 exprefl'ed; obfcurely or imperfedly conceived 
 pr apprehended. " By adherence or dark en- 
 igmatical knowledge." IIam>!:ci,id, 
 
 To ENJQI'N, V. A. [pronounc&d cnjlre, 
 with i long, from enjoindre, Fr.] to order: it 
 implies fomething more authoritative than di- 
 reci, fomewhat iefs than command, and includes 
 the idea of fuperiority in the perfon requiring 
 any thing to be done. 
 
 ENJOl'NER, S. a perfon who gives di- 
 reftions, including the idea of fuperior rank, 
 pr authority. 
 
 ENjOINMENT, S. the or-^er of a perfon 
 ©f fuperior rank and authority. 
 
 ToENJO'Y, V. A. [jouir, tn'joulr, Fr.] 
 to feel a flow of joy in the fruition of a thing ; 
 toobtain pofl'eflion of it ; to gladden, to delight, 
 ufed with the reciprocal pronouns, hit/ifeif, &£. 
 JJeuterly, to be ia fruidon, or pofleilioo j to 
 live happily, 
 
 ENJO'YER, S. one who has a thing in 
 bis poiTeflion ; one who rpakes ufe of or re- 
 ceives fatistaelion from the cofifcioufnefs of 
 jafing or pofieiTing a thing. 
 
 ENJO/yMENT, S. pkaftre arifing from 
 pofTcfiion or fruition j polTetrion, ufe, or tru- 
 tion. 
 To ENKPNDLE, V. A. to fee on fire 5 to 
 inflame ; to rojjfe or inflame the pafJions. 
 ' To ENLA'RGE, V. A. to, make greater 
 in quantity, dimenfions, quality, or appear- 
 ance. Figuratively, to mike a thing aj pear 
 greater than it is by reprefentation or diicourfe ; 
 to magnify; to extend the capacity of the 
 jnind ; to b? very minute in a defcription, or 
 copious in fpeaking on a fu'-jedl ; to free from 
 confinement or reftraint. Neuterly, to expa- 
 tiate, or fpeak much on any fubjef^. 
 
 'ENLA.^R CEMENT, S. encreafe of di- 
 jnenfion, quality, or degree ; releafe from con- 
 finement ; a reprefentation of a thing beyond 
 what it really is ; a magnifying defcription; 
 a minute, long, and copious difcourie on a fub- 
 jeft. " He concluded with an enlargeoient 
 upon the vices." C'^rend. 
 
 ENLA'RGER, S. one who encreafes any 
 thing; one who magnifies a thing in dif- 
 ^ourfe. 
 
 To ENLI'GHT, V. A. to communicate 
 light or knowledge, " VVii — enli^hn the prc- 
 fent, and fhall warni the laft."" I'ope 
 ■ To ENLI'GHTEN, V. A. to fupply with 
 light. ' Figuratively, to fupply with know- 
 ledge not before acquired, and lufiicient to clear 
 up forne diiEculty, which was previoufly in- 
 esplicaiile ; to chear, or gladden ; to lupply 
 with ■< ereat perfeClicn of fight. 
 
 ENLI'GHTENER. S. one that giveslight. 
 FJjjut.itiyely, an inilrudor, " " - ' 
 
 and defolalion." Sbak. 
 
 To ENLI'VEN, V. A, to make alive. Fi- 
 guratively, to inipire with new vigour ; to 
 animate; to make fprightly or gay; to give 
 3 thine a gay and chearful appearance. 
 
 ENLI'VENER, S. that which gives mo- 
 tion, or communicates a£tion, fpirit, or vigour, 
 to a perfon or thing. 
 
 EN'MITY, S. ("from enemy, as if eremty, 
 inimicitla, Lat.] a difpofition of mind whhh 
 excites a perfon to contradirt and oppofe the 
 intereftf, inclinations, or fentiments ; a ftate 
 of irreconcileable oppofition ; malice. 
 
 ENNE'AGON, S. [from £v.£a, nine, and 
 j/ouvia, Gr.] a corner or angle] a figure having 
 nine angles. 
 
 ENNE'.'^TICAL, Adj. [from tnsa, Gr. 
 nine] belonging to nine. In Medicine, en- 
 fieaiicu/ days, are every nintb day of a ficknefs j 
 and enneat'ual years, tvcty nintb year of a per- 
 fon's life. 
 
 To ENNCBLE, V. A. [ennoblir, Fr.] to 
 raife a perfon to a higher rank, or from be- 
 ing a commoner to be a peer. Figuratively, 
 to communicate worth ; to dignify j to raife, 
 exalt, or elevi'te. 
 
 ENNO'BLEMENT, S. the aft of raifing 
 to th» degree of a peer or nobleman ; a qua- 
 lity which dignifies and exalts our nature; ele- 
 vation exaltation, dignity. 
 
 ENQ'RMITY, S. [from enormous] a de- 
 parture from any rule or ftandard ; an irregu- 
 larity ; a corruption. In the plural, ufcd for 
 great crimes, or fuch as Ihew a great degree 
 Qf villainy and guilt, 
 
 ENQi-RMOUS, [enormis, Lat. of e aad 
 norna, Lat. a rule or line] irregular ; not 
 confined to any flated rule ; without reftraint. 
 " Wild above rule cr art, enormous blifs." 
 Par. Lojl. Exceedingly wicked ; exceeding 
 the con.mon bulk, applied to fize, including 
 the ideas ot diflike, horror, or wonder. " A 
 torm enormous.^'' Pope, 
 
 ENO'RMOUSLY, Adv, prodigicufly ; be- 
 yond meafure. 
 
 ENO'RMOUSNESS, S. excefs of guilt or 
 vvickedneis. 
 
 ENOU'GH, Adj. [pronounced enuff, from 
 ger.rjgh, genog. Sax. gana'a, Goth, genoeg, Bel?. 
 genug, Teut.] fufficient ; that which will 
 anfwer any purpofe, wilh, or defign. " Room 
 enough tor their h-rd." Locke, It Hiould be 
 obfcrved, that though other a;^je£tives ate 
 placed in Englifii before their lubftantivet, 
 yet this always follows it, at in the fentence 
 quoted. 
 
 ENOU'GH, S. that wKich is fufficient 
 to anfwer a perfon's expedtations or wifiies } 
 a quantity anlv^erable to any defign, er p'O- 
 portionaUle to a perfon's qualities and abili- 
 ties- 
 
 ENGU'CH, Adv. in fuch a m«nner as to 
 I 6'V?
 
 E N H 
 
 E N T 
 
 E>JS, S. [Lit.] in Metaphyfics, any thi"g 
 which the mind apprehends, and of which 't 
 affirms, denies, proves, or difproves; loin*- 
 thing that is, or exifts, foTie way further 
 thin barely in conceptiqn ; that to which 
 there are real attributes belonging ; or that 
 peated, it is ufed as an interjeflion, imulyint; which has a reality nut ■ nly out of the inteU 
 more than a fufficiency, 1 1"^^ but likewife in itfelf. 
 
 give content or fatisfa£lion. When ufcd after 
 an adjeilive, it denotes a diminution, or that 
 a thing is not perfeflly fo, and is uf^td to ex- 
 prefs great indifference or fl'ght. " The fong 
 was lodl enough ;" 1. e. not fo well as it ought 
 to be, or as it might be expe£led. When re 
 
 that there is already more 
 
 Ens rati am if 
 
 and that aperfon is defiredtodeteft. " Hence- i that which depends wholly on the mind, or 
 forth ril bear affliftion, till it do cry itfelf— I which exifts only in the imagination. In 
 
 enouirh, er.sugh .'" Shak 
 
 jChemiftry, the moft efficacious part ot' any 
 
 ENO'W, Adj. fthe plural of enough, ac- natural mixt body, ron'ainingor comprehend- 
 
 cording to Johnfon] a fufficient number. In 
 this number it is ufed before its fubftantive, 
 but in the finp ular after it, 
 
 ENPA'SSANT, Adv. [Fr,] by the 
 way. 
 
 To ENRA'GE, V, A. ^nrager, Fr.] to 
 put a perfon in a violent paflion of anger. 
 
 To ENRA'NK, V. A. to place in or- 
 der. 
 
 To ENRA'P, V. A. to tranfport to a great 
 i^egree of ecftacy, or enthufiafni. " Nor huh 
 he been fo enrapt in thofe ftudies, as to ns- 
 gle£\ the polite arts." Mcirl. Scr'ih. 
 
 To ENRA'PTURE, V. A. to tranfuort 
 and affcdt with the higheft degree of delighr 
 and pleafure. 
 
 To ENRA'VISH, V. A. to throw into 
 an ecftacy ; or to affeft with the moll exaitfd 
 degree of joy. " A fight thereof fo much 
 tnra-vtjh\i.^'' Shak, 
 
 ToENRI'CH, V. A. to give riches or 
 money to a perfon. Figuratively, to make fat 
 or render fruitful, apolied to ground. To 
 adorn, or improve the mind with new ideas of 
 knowledge. " Enrich his own underftanding 
 " with any certain truths." RaU'gb. 
 
 ENRI'CHMENT, S. an augmentation or 
 encreafe of wealth. Amplification or im- 
 provement, applied to foil, bouks, or to un- 
 derllanding. 
 
 To ENRI'DGE, V, A. to form with long 
 eminences or ridges. " Wav'd like the tn- 
 ridged I'ei." Rhak. 
 
 To ENRTNG, V. A. to bind roun;1 ; to 
 furround as with a ring j beautifully applied 
 by Shak. " Ivy fo enringi the barky fingers 
 of tne elm." 
 
 ToENRFFEN, V. A. to make ripe or 
 mature. " The fummer — how it enrifened 
 the year." Donne. 
 
 To ENRO'BE, V. A. to drefs, or adorn 
 with drefs. " She fliall be loofe enrob'd." 
 Shak 
 
 ToENRO'L, V. A. [enrol/er, Fr.j to I worfliip," .S7>fl* 
 
 ing all its qualities oi virtues in a fmali iom- 
 pafs. 
 
 To EN3E'AR, V. A. to rub, depri-ve of 
 feeling, or flop bleeding with a red hoc iron j 
 ro Ciuterife. 
 
 ToENSHRl'NE, V. A. to prefeive in a 
 facred nr hallowed place. 
 
 E'NSIGN, S. [enfgne, Fr. in/igne, Lat,] 
 the flag or ftandard ol a regi;iient ; a fignal to 
 ?ifTemble ; a mark, or HaHge of diftinflion and 
 Juthority. The officer among the foot who 
 car-ies the fl?e, or enfign. 
 
 ENSIGN BEARER, S, the perfon who 
 catties 'he |]ag or enfign. 
 
 To ENoLA'VE, V. A. to deprive of li- 
 berty. Figuratively, to betray lo another as 
 a fl.ive. 
 
 ENSLA'VEMENT, S. theftateofa (lave. 
 Figuratively, a i1:ate of mean and fordid obe- 
 dience to the violence of any paffion or appe- 
 tite. 
 
 ENSLA'VER, S. one who deprives of li- 
 beriy. 
 
 To ENSIJ'E, V, A, [cnfui-vre, Fr.] to fol- 
 low ; to purfue } to praf^ile for a continuance. 
 " Seek p?3ce, and enfue it." 
 
 ENTA'BLATL'RE, or ENTA'BLE- 
 MENT, S. fFr.J in A.chiteaure, that part 
 of an order of a column, which is over the 
 capit-J, and comprehends the arciiitrave, frize 
 and cor'":ce. 
 
 ENTA'IL, S. \tai/Ier, Fr. to cut, feodum 
 ta'ijfum, low Lat.] in Law, a fee eftate en- 
 tailed, I- e. abridged and limited to certain 
 conditions, at the will of the granter, or 
 donor. 
 
 To ENTA'IL, y. A. in Law, to fettle the 
 defcent of an eftate, fo that it cannot be be- 
 queathed, at pleafure, by a perlon who fuc- 
 ceedi to it; to fix unalienaoly on any perfon 
 or thinn. 
 
 To ENTA'ME, V. A. to tame; to con- 
 qu?r, or fubdue. "£>;.';;?«(? my fpirits lo your 
 
 enter in a lift, or roll j to record, or commit 
 to writing. ' 
 
 ENRO-'LLER, S. aperfon who writes ano- 
 ther's name. in x lift. 
 
 ENRO'LLIVIENT, S, a writing in which 
 
 To ENTA'.NGLE, V.A, [from tang. Sax, 
 a twig;] to enfnare, or involve in fomething 
 which is not eafily got cle .r from, as briai* ; 
 and not eafily extradl;d.4 trom, as a net; to 
 twift or knot in fiich a perplexed manner, as 
 
 any thing is recorded}, the aft of regifter- ' cannot be eafily unravelled. Figuratively, to 
 
 ing. ' '"■' 1 perplex or confufe with difficulties ; to enfnare 
 
 To ENRO'OT, V. A. to fix by the root, by captious qeftions ; to diftraft with a va- 
 
 Figuratively, to taften, or imphnt ieeply. ' rietjr of afiaits, which aperfon ca.wot eafily 
 
 B 4 frcj
 
 E N T 
 
 free bimfelf from ; to encreafe the difficulties 
 of a work or under aking. 
 
 ENTa'NGLEMENT, S. that which in- 
 volves a thinj in in'ticacies, or w^th fnch 
 things as are not e<fily got rid or; the con- 
 fu'et) ftate oi thread, which requires great pa- 
 tience to unravel or undo; an obfcurny, 
 ciifn utty, or enfnaring argument, which in 
 volves the rriind with confufio/i and perplexi- 
 t\ . 
 
 ENTA'NGi ER, S. one that enfnares, or 
 i.-.volve>; in difficulties and perplexities. 
 
 To EN'TtR, V. A. [er.trer, Fr. ir.tro 
 Lat.J to make one's appearance, or go into 
 anv place. In Commerce, to fet down, or 
 write any article in a book ; to give notice at 
 the tuftom-houfe, and pay the duties for the 
 import or exp rt of any comtnodity j to begin 
 or eneace in, u'd wuh or or uf>on. 
 
 EN'f ERirvG, S. an avenue by which a 
 perfon may go into a place; the aft or mo- 
 tion by vsnich a perfr.n goes inio a place. 
 
 To ENTERLA'CE.V. A. [entrdajjir, Fr.j 
 to interweave ; to intermix. " ^\ clofe arboui 
 of trees, whofe branches fo lovingly enterbced 
 each other." Sidney. 
 
 ENTERO'CELE, S. [Lat. from jvtsjjv 
 intefline or inward, and xnXi), Or. a tumorj 
 in Medicine, a rup;u:e, wherein the intef- 
 tines, and particularly the ilium, fall into the 
 groin. 
 
 ENTER O'LOGY, S. [evts^ov, an intef- 
 tine, and Xs^o;, Gr. a difcourfej a treatife on 
 the bowels, or an anatomical defcription of 
 all the internal parts. 
 
 EN TERO'MPHALUS, S. [from hte^cv, 
 a gut, and cy.<\a.'k');, Gr. the navel] a difor- 
 der, wheicin the inteftines having fallen out 
 of their place, occafion a tumor in the navel. 
 
 EN'TERPRISE, S. fFr.] an undertaking 
 alt-nded wiih hazard and dinger. 
 
 To EN'TERPRISE, V. A. to attempt ; 
 to undeitake, or to try to perform. 
 
 ENTERPRISER, S. one who underakes 
 or engages himfclf in important, dangerous 
 and hazardous defiCns. 
 
 To ENTERTA'IN, V. A. [ertretMr, 
 Fr.j to communicate improvement, or em- 
 ploy a pcrfon's lime in agreeable difcoutfe; 
 to treat at table; to receive hofpitably j to 
 retain or keep a perfon as a fcrvant. To re- 
 ftrve or conceive, applied to the mind. To 
 pleafe, amufe, or give pleafure. 
 
 ENTERTAl'NER, S. one who keeps 
 others as fervants; he thst treats others with 
 food, cr at his table ; he that amufe.-, diverts, 
 and communicates pltature. 
 • ENTERTA'iNMENT, S. a converf^tlon, 
 wherein time is fpent agreeably ; a feart, hof- 
 pitabh reception. The ftate of being hired 
 or It pay, applied to folaiers and fervants. 
 Aniufexent, or divetfion ; a farce, a low 
 fpecies of come;H', or a p;ntomtme. 
 
 ToENTKRC'NE, V. A. to place on a 
 throne or the fe^t of afovereign. Figura- 
 
 E N T 
 
 t'vely, to invert with the dignity or authciity 
 of a kinc. 
 
 ENIHU'SIASM, S. [tvflaucrwa/xsf. Or.] a 
 (Iropg but vain perfuafion that a perlon is 
 guided or infpired in an extraordinary manner, 
 hy immediate impulles and operations of the 
 Holy Ghoft ; an extraordinary emotion or ele- 
 vation of the !oul, which warms and heat« 
 the imagination, and enables it to conceive 
 and exprefs things both exalted and furpiif- 
 ing. 
 
 ENTHU'SIAST, S. in Divinity, one who 
 vainly imagines he is immediately infpired 
 by God ; one of a warm imagination, or vio- 
 lent palTions ; alfo one of an elevated fancy, 
 or exalteil ideas. 
 
 ENTHUSIA'STIC, or ENTHUA'STI- 
 CAL, Aoj. ftrongly, but vainly perfuaried of 
 receiving extraordinary communications from 
 the Deify ; viol'^nt in any caufe ; of elevated 
 fancy or exalted ideas. 
 
 ENTHYMEME, S. [from a in, and 
 dufx.o;, Gr. the mind] in Lojic, an argument 
 confifiing only of two propofitions, /. e. an 
 antecedent and confeqiient. Or an argument 
 wherein the major is fuppreffed or underftood, 
 and only the minor and confequer.ee pro- 
 duced. 
 
 To ENTI'CE, V, A. to feduce, allure, or 
 draw by blandifhments or hope to fomething 
 bad. 
 
 ENTI'CEMENT, S. the aft or praaice 
 of drawing or alluring a perfon to do ill ; the 
 alluring means by which a perfon is drawn to 
 commit fomething ill. 
 
 ENTI'CER, S. one that allures to ill. 
 
 ENTI'CINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to ch^rm or allure. 
 
 ENTl'RE, Adj. [cKiier, Fr. httger, Lat.] 
 whole; undivided; unbroken; complfte j 
 having all its parts; full, firm; fixed; fo- 
 lid. *' Entire and fure the monarch's rule 
 muft prove." Prior, 
 
 ENTl'RELY, Adv, wholly; without ex- 
 ception, referve, or abatement. 
 
 ENTl'RENESS, S. the ftate of a thing 
 which has all its parts. 
 
 To ENTl'TLE, V. A. ff«/iV«>, Fr.j to 
 grace a perfon with a title of honour; to call 
 by a particular name ; to give a claim or njht j 
 to fuperfcribe; to make ufe of the name of 
 a perfon sr thing as a fanftion. " How ready 
 zeal for party is to entitle Chriflianity to their 
 ■iefigns." Lode. To grant as claimed by a 
 title. ** This is to entitle God's care how and 
 what we pleafe." Locke. 
 
 ENTITY, S. [entiles, low Lat.] the be- 
 ing or rather aftual exiftence of any thinking 
 thing; a particular colleftion of qualicies 
 which conftitute the fpecies or nature ef a 
 thine. 
 
 ToENTO'MB, V. A. to fhut up in a 
 tomb. 
 
 ENTR Al'LS, S. [has no fingular, entrailles, 
 Ff. fvrt^i, Gr,J the inteftines, guts, or in- 
 ward
 
 E N U 
 
 w»ri3 parts of an animal. Figuratively, the 
 inmoft parts of a cave, den, the earth, or a 
 country. " Long hid in the dark entra'h of 
 America." Locke. 
 
 ENTRANCE, S. \er,trant, Fr.] the paf- 
 fage or avenue by which a perfon may go into 
 a place. Figuratively, the power, a£l, or li- 
 berty of going in 5 the beginning or firft ru- 
 diments of a fcience or art. Beginning, ap- 
 plied to time. 
 
 To ENTRA'NCE, V. A. [oi tr^infe, Fr.] 
 to reduce to fuch a ftate that the foul feems 
 to be ai;fent from the body, while the latter 
 has no apparent figns of life ; to hurry away, 
 or exalt to fuch a pitch of extacy, as to be in- 
 lenfible to external objeiSs. 
 
 To ENTRAP, v. A. [entmper,Vi.'] to 
 catch in a trao, or fnare. Figuratively, to be- 
 tray or fubjeft infidioully to dangers and dif- 
 fciiltiesj to take advantage of. " To en- 
 tra/> thee in thy word«." Ecdus, viii, it. 
 
 To ENTRE'AT, V. A. [pronounced 
 entreet; from traittr, Fr.] to a(k with humili- 
 ty and earneftnefs ; to treat or ufe well or illj 
 to make a petition or requeft for a perfon in 
 an humble manner. " Entreat for him." 
 Sbak. 
 
 ENTRE'ATY, S. fin the plural entreatUs, 
 nouns ending in^ in the fingular making ia 
 in the pluralj a requeft made for fome favour 
 in an humble manner. 
 
 EN'TRY, S. ffrom enter; entr/e, Fr.] 
 the pafTage by which a perfon goes into a 
 houfe 5 the aft of going in. In law, the tak- 
 ing poflefTion of an eftate. In Commerce, the 
 a£l of writing or regiftering an article in a 
 book. Double entry, is the entering an article 
 on different fides in different accounts. A 
 public or folemn proceflion to a place. 
 
 To ENVE'LOP, V. A. [en-veloper, Fr.] 
 to inwrap ; to cover, or enclofe in a covering. 
 Figuratively to furround, or hide from the 
 fighr. 
 
 ENVE'LOPE, S. [Fr] a wrapper ; a co- 
 ver ; an outward cafe of a letter, &c. " No 
 letter with an en'velope.'''' Sivift. 
 
 To ENVE'NOM, V. A. to mix with poi- 
 fon ; to make poifonous. 
 
 ENVl/ER, S. one who is affefled with 
 gr ef at the profperity of another. 
 
 ENVI'OUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to (hew difp!eafure or ill wiil, on account of 
 the happinefs or excellence of another. 
 
 To ENVJ'JION, V. A. [eni'lrcver, Fr.] 
 to furround ; to encompaCs. Figuratively, to 
 hem in, or furround in a hoftile manner j to 
 enclofe; to inweft. 
 
 ENVl'RONS, S.' [Fr.] the neighbour, 
 hond or places fituared round about any town 
 or city. 
 
 To ENU'MFRATE, V. A. lenur,:eratui, 
 of t/itimero, Lat.] to reckon up or count over 
 fingly and riiftinaiy ; to give a minute account 
 of all the circumfta ices of a thing. 
 
 ENUMERA'TION, S. [em.meratie, Lat.} 
 
 E PH 
 
 the aft of numbering or counting over fin^jT' 
 and diftinftly ; a minute detail. 
 
 ENUNCIA'TION, S. [etiundatio, Lat.] a 
 fimple expreffion or declaration ©f a thing, 
 either in affirmative or negative words, with- 
 out any application called by the fchoolmen, 
 the fecoad operation of the mind, which they 
 enumerate thus j apprehenfion, eiwnciatiortf 
 reafoning ; from whence it feemS to be equi- 
 valent to judgment. A declaration proclama- 
 tion or puhlic atteftation. 
 
 ENU'NCIATIVE, Adj. dechrative, ex- 
 prelling either affirmatively or negativsly 
 
 ENU'NCiATIVELf, Adj. declara'tlve- 
 
 'y- 
 
 ENVOY, S. [of tn-voyer. Ft. to fend] a 
 public minifter fent by once prince to another, 
 fomething inferior to an ambaffador j a mef- 
 fenger. 
 
 To EN;VY, v. N. [envkr, Fr. invUere, 
 Lat. J to grieve at the excellencies, profperity, 
 or happinefs of another; to hate another for 
 excellence, profperity or happinefs ; to grudge. 
 
 EN'VY, S. ffrom the verb] that paia 
 which arifes in the mind from obferving the 
 profperity of thofe, efpecially with whom a 
 perfon has had a rival/hip ; anger and difplea- 
 fure at feeing another pofieffed of any good we 
 want. 
 
 To ENWO'MB, V. A. to conceive, ct 
 bear in the womb. 
 
 EO'LIPILE, S. l^olus, the pagan god of 
 the winds, and rruXat, Gr. gates] a hollow 
 ball of metal, with a narrow pipe, whicU 
 when filled with water, and placed overafire, 
 ejefts vapours of fteam, with a prodigiou* noifc 
 and force. 
 
 EPA'CT, S. fEff3>tT£,Gr.] in Chronology, 
 a number, whereby is noted the excefs of the 
 common fnlar above the lunar year, and there- 
 by may be found out the age of the moon eve- 
 ry day of the year, (Sfc 
 
 EPAU'LE, S. fFr.] In Fortification, the 
 flioulder of the baftion, or the angle made by 
 the face and fl.nk, 
 
 EPAU'LEMENT, or EPAULMENT, S. 
 [from epauh; Fr. flioulHcrj in Fortification, a 
 fiHework of earth haftily thrown up, of bags 
 filled with fand, or of gabions, falcinc;, (sfc. 
 with earth, to cover the men or cannonj 
 likewife a demibaftion or little fiank placed 
 at the point of a horn or crownwork. 
 
 EPE/NTHESJS, S. [s^iv.ei^ti^ Gr. an in- 
 feriion] in Grammar,^the adding or inferting 
 a Irtter or fyllab)e in the middle of a word. 
 
 EPHE'MERA, S. [Gr. of sp and .,,u£j«, 
 Gr. a day] a fever which terminates in one 
 day. In Natural Hiftory, an infeft which 
 lives only a fingle day. in Botjvny, Inch 
 flowers as open and expand themfelves at 
 fun-rife; and ihut and wither at fun-fet- 
 tine. 
 
 EPHE'MERIS, S. [efnfy.c^ii, Gr.] a jour- 
 nal, or account of a perfvTn's .laiiy tranfaftions. 
 In aitronomy, a table calculated to fhew the 
 
 prsfeflt
 
 E PI 
 
 frcfent fiate of the heavens, or the places, of 
 the pldiicis at noon. 
 
 EFHE'MERIST, S. an adronomer,. or one 
 whoi'e knowledge of the places of the planets 
 does not flow from his own obfervations, but 
 is entirely taken from an ephemeris j a word 
 ©f reproach. 
 
 EPHE'MERON, S. See Ephemera.' 
 
 E'PHOD, S. mrsj^ Heb.J an ornament, 
 or kind of girdle, worn by the Jewifh-piicfts 
 when they attended at the temple: it tvsi 
 brought from behind the neck over the two 
 ftoulders, and then hanging down before, was 
 crofled upon the fl.on.ach, and thence carried 
 round the waift twice, like a girdle, having 
 its two ends brought before, which hung down 
 to the ground. That of the high prieft was. 
 einbioidered with blue, purple, crimfon, twifl- 
 ed cotton, and gold. Upon that part which 
 came over the two fhoulders were two large 
 precious ftones, on each of which were engrav- 
 ed tlie names of fix tribes ; where it crolTtd 
 the prteft's Kreaft was a fquare ornament called 
 the breaft-plate, fet with twelve precious ftones, 
 «n each of which w'as engraven the name of a 
 different tribe. That of the other priefts con- 
 £fled of linen only. 
 
 E'PIC, Adj. [tfkus, Lat, from eird), Gr. 
 to fpeak] narrative, or confining of relation, 
 in oppofition to dram.-.tie, or that which con- 
 Cfts in asftion. An Epic poem, is an heroic 
 poem, or difcourfe delivered in verfe, invented 
 with art to form the manners, by inftru(ftion, 
 difguifed under the. allegory of an important 
 aftion, in a probable, entertaining, and fur- 
 prifing manner. 
 
 E'PICl'RE, S. [epkureus, Lat.] a perfon 
 abandoned, or given wholly to luxury. 
 
 EPICU'REAN, S. \_cpicur:ui, Lat.] a 
 difciple of Epicurus, who held that pleafure 
 was the fummum bonum, or chief good of 
 man. The word is ufed at prefent, for an in- 
 dolent, effeminate, and voluptuous perfon, 
 who Only confuks his private and particular 
 pleafure. 
 
 IPICURE'AN, Adj. luxurious in eating 
 »>d drinking ; contributing to luxury. 
 
 EPICU'RISM, S. [See EPICUREAN] 
 the fentiments, doctrine, or tenets of Epi- 
 curus. Figuratively, luxury in eating. Vo- 
 luptuoufnefs j fenfual enjoyments, or grofs 
 p'eafures. 
 
 EPICY'CLE, S. [from etti and xyxXo?, Gr. 
 a circle,] in Ailronomy, a little circle, v.hofe 
 center is in the circvimference of a greater 
 wliich being carried along with It, is called its 
 deferent. This is afcribed by antient philofo- 
 phers to all planets, excepting the fun. 
 
 EPICYCLO'ID, S. [eb-1 and zukXoj, .a 
 circle, and gioof, Gr. a form oifhape] in Gee. 
 metry, a curve generated by the revolution 
 of a point of the circunif rence of a circk 
 along the qonvex, or coocavc, part of another 
 yirde. 
 
 Ei'iDE'MIC, or fPlDE'MICAL, Adj. 
 
 from £Tr;, and S'u,uof, Gr, the people] that 
 which atiefts a great number of people at the 
 fame time, applied to difeafts, aud efpecialJy 
 the ph'.rue. 
 
 EP15eR'MIS, S. in Anatomy, the cuti- 
 cle or fcarf-lkin. It receives its name from 
 its covering the derma, or true /kin, is tn- 
 fenfible, and has neither veins, arteries, nor 
 nerves. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIS, S. in Anatomy, a thia 
 moveable cartilage, in form of a leuf of ivy, j 
 
 or little tongue, ferving as a lid or cover 
 for the lima, or cleft of the larinx or glot- 
 tis. 
 
 EPI'GRAM, S. [yp-gramma, Lat. and Gr.J 
 in Poetry, a fliort poem, fufceptible of all kinds 
 of fubje<fls, and ending vtith a lively, juft, and 
 unexpedled thouiiht. 
 
 EPIGRAMMA'TIC, or EPIGRAMMA- 
 TICAL, Adj. [epigrammoticui, Lat.] having 
 the nature or properties of an epigram ; deal- 
 ing in, or writing epigrams. 
 
 EPIGRA'MMATJST, S. [from epigram] 
 one who writes epigrams. 
 
 E'PILEPSY, S. [from i-nil^ay-Zav^o, Gr. 
 to feize hold on a perfon] in Medicine, a 
 convulfion either of the whole body or fome 
 of its parts, attended with a lofs of fenfe and 
 underilanding, and returning from time to 
 time in fits and paroxyfms. The Englifh call 
 it the falling- fickncfs, becauf: pcrfons generally 
 fall down when afflifttd with it. 
 
 E'PILEPTIC, Adj. affeded with an epi- 
 lepfy, or the falling ficking ; convulfed. 
 
 E'PiLOGUE, S. [epUogus, Lat. from 
 iTTiXeyco, Gr. to fay after] a poem or fpeech 
 pronounced after a phty. 
 
 EPINY'CTIS, [i-TrpvKlL^, Gr.] in Surge- 
 ry, a fore at the corner of the eye, of the big- 
 nefs of a lupin, of a duficy red, and fometimes 
 of a livid or pale colour, attended with great 
 inflammation or pain,difchargii)g at iirft a fanies 
 of bloody matter. 
 
 EPI/PHANY, S. [emfamx, Gr.] a church 
 feftivol, celebrated on the twelfth day after 
 Chriftmas, in commemoration of our Saviour's 
 being manifelted to the Gentile world, by the 
 appearance of a miraculous blazing ih-ir, or 
 meteor, which direttcd the magi tq the place 
 where he was born. 
 
 EPIPHONE'M.'V, S. Gr. in Rheto- 
 ric, a (hort and f.:;ntentious exclamation, fre- 
 quently added after a narrative, or relation of 
 any thing remarkable, contuining an ufeful 
 and ff irited reflexion on the fubjefl to which 
 it is fubjoined ; fuch is that of St. Paul. 
 " O the depth of the wifdoin and knowledge 
 of God." 
 
 EITPHORA, S. [Gr.] in Mtdlcine, an 
 inflammation, or rather a detluxiou of rheum 
 ;nto the eves. 
 
 EPIPHY'SIS, S, [from siri and fo»>, Gr. 
 to grow] in Anatomy, a lHi"r bone, adhering 
 or growing to another by iimpie contiguity 
 
 £PJPLO% S. [Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure.
 
 E P O 
 
 !}J v/hlch one ftriking circim.ftanee is added 
 to another, fo as to heighten it gradually to 
 the end of the fentence, (. g. " He not on- 
 ly fpared his enemies, but continued them in 
 employment ; not only continued, but advan- 
 ced them," 
 
 EPl'SCOPACy, S. [epifcopatus, Lat.] the 
 government of the church bv bilhops. 
 
 EPl'SCOPAL, Adj [efifcofalh, Lat.] be- 
 lomiing to, or vefted in a bifhop. 
 
 EPI'SCOPATE, S, [epijcopatus, Lar,] the 
 government of a bifhop j or biihopric, 
 
 E'PISODE, S, [ETrio-ojJiov, Gr.j a feparate 
 incident, ftory, or aftion, which an hiftorian 
 or poet inferts and connefts wirh his priucipjl 
 a£tion, to furni/h [he work with a gi eater va- 
 riety of events. 
 
 EPISO'DIC, or EPJSO'DICAL, Adj. con- 
 tained in, or partaking of, the nature of an 
 epifode ; fwelled wiih unnecelfary incidents, 
 or epifodes, which are not connedted with the 
 main adlion. 
 
 EPI'STLE, S. [epljlob, Lat.] a letter, 
 applied generally to the letters of the anfieins, 
 and particularly thofe of the infpired wri- 
 ters ; moderns making ufe only of the word 
 letter, 
 
 EPI'STOLARY, Adj. relating, fuitable to, 
 or tranflated by letters. 
 
 E'PITAPH, S. [from nti, upon, and to, 
 4>^,Gr. a monument or fepulchrej an inl'cnp- 
 tion on a tomb, or grave ftone. 
 
 EP1THAL4M1UM, S. [from etti upon, 
 and BaXcifA,©-', Gr. a bedchamber] a po=m ot 
 compliment wrote on the marriage of a petlon 
 E'PITHEM, S. [nrtQnixa., Gr.j in Phar- 
 macy, a kind of fomentation or remedy of a 
 fpirituous or aromatic kind, applied externally 
 to the regions of the heart, liver, iS'c. to 
 ftrengihen and comfort them, or to corre£l 
 fome intemperafure in thofe parts. 
 
 E'PJTHET, S. [eTi^ETev, Gr] an adjec- 
 tive, denoting the qualiiy of the woid to which 
 it was joined] a title or furname j a phtafe or 
 exprelTion. 
 
 EPI'TOME, S. [from tmn,uvi.; Gr. to 
 retrench, or cut ofTJ an abridgment or reduc- 
 tion of the fu'ortance of a book into fewer 
 words, and lefs compafs. 
 
 To EPITOMISE, V. A. to abridge; to 
 reduce the fubflance of a book or writing ; to 
 cut fhart or curtail. " We have ephomiJeJ 
 many particular words." Spec}. No. 135 
 
 EP'iTOMISER, or EPlTOiMIST, S. 
 one who abridges a work : the fiift word 
 the mofl proper, 
 
 E'POCH, or E'POCHA, S. [itnox^, Gr. 
 a lin)itation or flopping, becaufe it limits or 
 ftops the reckoning of time] in Ckronology, 
 a fixeJ point or period of time, from whence 
 fhe fucceeding years are numliered or counteJ. 
 E'PODE, S. [iirAiv, Gr.j in Lyric Poe- 
 try, the third or lall part of the ode ; the an 
 
 ECL17 
 
 by the priefts ftanding ftiri before the altar. 
 As this was called the end of the fong or od'e, 
 and finifhed the finging, in ptocefs of timCi ic 
 was applied to any tonclufive fong or ode ; 
 hence Horace fliles thofe pieces which foUov 
 his odes, the epodes. 
 
 EPOPE'E, S. [Fr. iit<^, a verfe, and itoa», 
 Gr. to make] the hiftory, aftion, or fabic, 
 which makes the fubjeft of an epic poem. 
 
 EPULO'TIC, Adj. [e7ruXa.T.x<^, Or,] m 
 Medicine, applied to drying, aflringent renae- 
 dies, proper to harden, cicatrife and incarnate 
 wounds. 
 
 E'QUABLE, Adj. \^cequabUU, Lat.] even; 
 alike ; conliflent with itfelf. 
 
 FQUaBLY, Adv. {^uniformly ; in the fame 
 proportion. 
 
 E'QU AL, Adj. {at)uaUs, Lat.] rsfemblin^ 
 or alike another in bulk, excellence, or any 
 other quality, which admits a comparifon ; fit, 
 proper, or adequate to any purpofe j even, 
 uniform. Unruffled by palTion, or undlflarbei 
 by accident?, applied to the mind. In propor- 
 tion i impartial i indifterent j upon the fame 
 terms. 
 
 E'Ql/AL, S. one neither inferior, nor fu- 
 perior, to another in any circumltance, excel- 
 lence, title, or other quality j one of the fame 
 age. 
 
 To E'QUAIv, V. A to make one thing, or 
 perfon, like another. Neuterly, to refemble, 
 to be equal; to anfwer ; to recompenfe, 
 " £yua//'<i all her love." Dryd, * 
 
 To E'QUALISE, or EQUALIZE, V. A, 
 to make even ; to be equal to, er in the fame 
 proportion. " To «fj^d/i/i and fit a thing bigger 
 th-in it is " Dlgby. 
 
 EQUA'LITY, S. likenefs with refpea t» 
 any quality ; the fame degree of quality. 
 
 E'QUALLY.Adv. in the fame degree with 
 any other perfon or thing ; alike j impartially. 
 " Equally determine." Shjk. 
 
 EQUA'NGULAR, Adj. [from aquus,\.iU 
 equal, arid angului, Lat.J an angle having 
 equal angles. 
 
 EQUANIMITY, S. [aquammitas, Lat.J 
 a flaie of mind which is neither elated, nor 
 deprelled. Evennefs of mind, 
 
 EQUANI'MOUS, Adj. [aquammis, Lat.J 
 even ; neither elated nor dejected. 
 
 EQUA'TION, S. [aquatus, Lat. of ^ya*, 
 Lat.] the aft of making one thing equal to 
 another. In Algebra, an exprefTionof thefame 
 quantity in two difTimilar but equal terms. 
 Equations are likewife confidered as the ulti- 
 mate conclufion we arrive at in the folutiont 
 of problems, or the means by which we ar- 
 rive at thofe conclufions. In Aflronomy, the 
 reducing the apparent unequal times or motion 
 ot the heavenly bodies to equable or meantime. 
 EQUATOR, S. [aquator, Ldt.] a great 
 circle of the terreflrial fphere, whole poles are 
 the poles of the world. It divides the globe 
 
 tient lyric poem being divided into ftrophe, into two equal parts, called the northern and 
 antlllrophe, and epodc. The latter was fung'foutlictn beaiifpherss ; paH'cs through the E. 
 
 aa4
 
 ECLTJ 
 
 T.QJJ 
 
 and W. points cf the horizon, and at the me- 
 ridian is raifed above the horizon, as many 
 tdegrees as the complement of the latitude of 
 any given place. Whenever the fun comes to 
 this circle, the days and nights are equal all 
 round the globe. 
 
 EQUATO'RIAL, Adj. belonging to, takes 
 at, or meafured on the equator. 
 
 E'QUESTRIAN, Adj; [equejlris, Lat.J ap- 
 pearing on horfeback ; (killed in horfeman- 
 A'vp. Belonging to the fccond rank of dignity, 
 «r that of knights, in ancient Rome. 
 
 E'QUERRy, S. [ecurie, Fr. from ejuus, Lat. 
 an horfej mafter of the horfe. 
 
 EQUI'DISTANT, Adj. at the fame or an 
 equal diftance. 
 
 EQyi'FORMlTY, S. [ajuui, Lat. equal, 
 anA forma, Lat. Ihape] equality, equability, or 
 <iinitormity. '* Equiformity oi moiion." Broivn. 
 
 EQUILA'TERAL, Adj. having its fides 
 equal. 
 
 To EQUILI'BRATE, V. A. to balance 
 equally ; to keep even with equal weights on 
 each fide. 
 
 EQUILIBRA'TION, S. cquipoife ; the 
 a£t of keeping a balance even. 
 
 EQUILIBRIUM, S. [Lat.] cquipoife ; 
 •equality of weight ; equality of evidence, mo- 
 tives, or powers of any fort. 
 
 EQUINO'CTIAL, S. [from aquus, Lat. 
 -equal, and nox, Lat. night] a great circle on 
 the celeftial globe, the fame as the equator on 
 the terreftrial ; to which, when the fun comes, 
 the days and nights are equal all round the 
 Klobe. 
 
 EQUINO'CTIAL, Adj, [from equlnex] 
 .pertaining to the equinox; happening about 
 the time of the equinoxes ; bting near the 
 equinoftial line, or fubjeft to the inconveni- 
 ences of thofe parts which lie near the equa- 
 tor. '• The Equinofiial heat." Phillips. 
 
 E'QUJNOX, S. [aquu,, Lat. equal, and 
 vex, Lat. night] in Aftronomy, the precipe 
 time when the fun enters the equinoftial 
 points Aries or Libra ; the former, being the 
 aift of March, is called the vernal equinox j 
 and the latter, on the 23d of September, the 
 autumnal equinox. Figuratively, an equal 
 ir.eafure. " It is to his virtues a jult equlrox." 
 ^hek. A monfoon, or equinoctial wind, in 
 Poetry. " No more than ufual equinoxes 
 Wow." DryJ. 
 
 EQUINU'MERANT, Adj. f aquus, Lat. 
 .equal, and numerans, Lat. numbering] having 
 an equal, or the lame number; confifting of 
 an equal number. 
 
 To E'OyiP, V. A. [equlpptr, Fr.] to 
 furnifli a horfeman with furniture for riding. 
 Figuratively, to furnifh, accoutre, or drefs out. 
 " Equipped in a ridiculous habit." Spc^, 
 No. 129. 
 
 E'QUIPAGE, S. [Fr.] furniture for a 
 horfe; a carriajje. " Harnefs'd at hand — cc- 
 \t^A equipage >^^ Par. Loft. Afetofchina. 
 *' Tea enuipageC^ Attendants or retinue. 
 
 " Think what an equipage thou hafl In air." 
 Pope. Furniture, accoutrements. " I will 
 retort the fum in equipage,'"'' Shak, 
 
 EQUIPE'NDENCY, S. {aquus,hit. equal, 
 and pendens, Lat. weighing] freedom from any 
 bias, applied to the will or mind. 
 
 E'OyiPMENT, S. the ad of accoutering 
 or drefling : the accoutrement or equipage. 
 
 EQUIPOl'SE, S. [from aquus, Lat. equal 
 or even, and poids, Fr. weight] equality, or 
 evennefs of weight; equality of force ; that 
 (late of a balance, wherein the weights on 
 each fide are fo equal, that neither fcale will 
 defcend. 
 
 EQUIPO'LLENCE, S. {aquus, Lat. equal, 
 and pollent'ia, Lat. force] equality of force or 
 power. 
 
 EQUIPO'LLENT, Adj. {aqu!poIIens,Ut.'\ 
 having equal power or force. Hiiving the 
 fime fignification, applied to words ; fynony- 
 mous. 
 
 EQtJIPO'NDERANCE, or EQUIPO'N- 
 DERANCY,S. [a^que, Lat. equally, and />(!«- 
 derans, Lat. weighing] equality of weight. 
 
 EQUIPO'NDER ANT, Adj. being of equal 
 or the fame weight. 
 
 E'QUITABLE, Adj. [eqwtahle, Fr.] juft j 
 impartial, mitigating the rigour of a law, fo 
 as to beco;iGfient withjuftice. 
 
 E'OyiTAKLY, Adv. in a manner confif- 
 tent wiih jiifticeand mercy. 
 
 E'QUITY, S. [equii/, F r. aquitas, Lzt.'} 
 juftice ; a correflioii or abatement of the fe- 
 veriiy ef fome law ; a temperament which, 
 without being unjuft, abates the rigour of the 
 law. Impartiality, applied to opinions, or 
 private determinations! 
 
 EQU rV ALENCE, or EQUI'VALENCY, 
 •S. [_aq!nts, Lat. and •valens, Lat.J equality of 
 power, '•r worth. 
 
 EQUI'VALENT, Adj. [from aquus, Lat. 
 and I'aler.s^ equal in value, force, power, im- 
 portance, weight, or meaning. 
 
 EQUI'VALENT, S. a thing of the fame 
 weight, dignity, or value. 
 
 EQUl'VOCAL, Adj. [aquivpcus,'Lisr.'] of 
 doubtful fignification ; having different fenfes 
 or meanings ; uncertain; doubtful; happen- 
 ing different ways. Equivocal generation, in 
 Natural Hiftory, is the opinion of the pro- 
 du£lien of plants without feed, or of infers, 
 or animals, without parents ; called by fume 
 fpontaneous generation, and univerfally ex- 
 ploded by reafon and experiments. 
 
 EQUl'VOCAL, S. a word of doubtful 
 meaning. 
 
 EQUI'VOCALLY, Adv. in a doubtful or 
 double fenfe, applied to words. By fponianeou?, 
 equivocal, or irregular birth ; by a generation 
 or produftion out of the common and ftatari 
 order of nature, appl'ed to natural hiftory. 
 
 EQl'I'VOC ALNESS, S. the ambiguity, 
 or dotiole mtfsning of a word. 
 
 To EQUl'VOCATE, V. A. [equi-voquer, 
 Fr.] to uie w«ids of a floubtlul, or double 
 
 meaning.
 
 ERE 
 
 msamng, with an intention to deceive or jm- 
 pofe on another; to quibble. 
 
 EQVl'VOCATION,S.\iejui'vocat'io,L3.t.] 
 the ufing a term or word which has a double 
 fignification, ufed generally in a bad fenl'e. 
 
 EQUI'VOC ATOR, S. one who ufes words 
 in doubtful, or double meanings, in order to 
 conceal the truth, and impofe on another. 
 
 ER, in the middle or end of words, efpe- 
 cially ihofe which lignify the nartses of placet, 
 comes from wer or were. Sax. ivair, Goth. 
 weir, Run. -vir, Lat, a man, and fignifies, 
 when joined to common nouns, an agent, or 
 when joined to appellatives, or the names of 
 places, an inhabitant. Th\.\% Jlnger, (lomjing 
 and er, of iver, Sax, a man, denotes a fingin;^ 
 man. LomJoner, from London and er, o( ii'er, 
 Sax. a man, fignifies a London man, or a na- 
 tive and inhabitant of London. 
 
 E'RA, [ara, Lat.] an account of time 
 reckoned from any particular period, term, or 
 epoch. See .t^RA. 
 
 To ERA'DICATE, V. A. [eradicates, of 
 eradico, Lat.] to pull, or pluck, up by the root. 
 Figuratively, to extirpate, or deftroy entirely. 
 
 ERADICA'TION, S. [trom ered'cate] the 
 aft of pulling or pluck-ing up by the roots ; 
 extirpation ; total deftruftion ; the ftate of a 
 thing plucked up by the roots. 
 
 ERA'DICATIVE, Adj. [eradicatus, Lat.] 
 In Medicine, that which expels a difeafe to 
 the very root ; that which cures radically ; 
 that which drives entirely away. 
 
 To ERA'SE, V. A. [rajer, Fr, erafin, 
 Lat.J to fcratch out any thing written ; to ex- 
 punge. In Heraldry, to pluck off violently. 
 • ERA'SED, Adj. [erafus, Lat.J in Heral- 
 dry, applied to fignify a thing which is violent- 
 ly torn oft' from its proper place, or from fome 
 other part. 
 
 ERA'SEMENT, S. applied to buildings 
 and cities, entire deftruftion and demolition. 
 Applied to writings, an entire blotting and 
 fcratching out. 
 
 ERE, AHj. {isr. Sax. j.V, Goth, eer, Belg. 
 ehor, Tcut. adur. Run. and Dan. Englifh 
 writers, unacquainted with its etymology, 
 write it eVr, as if a contraftion of e-vcr, 
 which is a miftake ; before ever, it is written 
 either ere or or, promifcuoufly, or and csr, in 
 Sax. being ufed pri mifcuoufly ) before ; foon r 
 than. " Ere yet the pine defcended to the 
 fea?." Dryd. 
 
 To ERE'CT, V. A. [eteHus, of er'igo, Lat.] 
 to raife in a (Irait line, to pl.icc perpendicular 
 to the horizon. In Geometry, to creH a per- 
 pendicular, is to r.iife a right line upon ano- 
 ther, fo as they may form right angles. Fi- 
 guratively, to build J to exalt, or affume an 
 cfticewiihout being authorized, ufed wth into, 
 *' I am not to ercB myfclf jn.'o a jii <ge." Dryd. 
 To afiume a principle, or found a dodrine ; to 
 raife from a ftate of dejeftion. " Why fhould 
 not hope as much frtff our ihcughts, as fear 
 ilejeft taein ?" Denb, 
 
 ERR 
 
 ERE'CT, Adj. \ereRm, Lat.] upright, op- 
 pofed to leaning, or looking downwards ; lifted 
 upwards j vigorous. '* That vigilant and trelt 
 attention of mind." Hooker. 
 
 ERE'CTION, S. [creSh, Lat.] the aft of 
 railing, or the ftate of a thing raifed upwards} 
 the a£l of building or raifing houfes, 
 
 ERE'CTNESS, S. uprightnefs of pofture 
 or form. 
 
 ER'GOT, S. in Farriery, a fort of Hub, 
 like a piece of foft horn, about the fizeof a 
 chefnut, placed behind and below the paf- 
 tern joint, and commonly hid bahind a horfe'l 
 fetlock. 
 
 ERIN'GO, [eryngium, Lat.] in Botany, 
 called likewife th« lea-holly. It has many 
 flowers on one common conical receptacle, 
 whf.'fe involucrum iscompofed of plain leaves. 
 Linna»us ranges it in the fecond fed. of his 
 fifth clafs. The fpecies are ten. Thatcoia- 
 mon in England is candied, and the roots of 
 that in the Weft-Indies much ufed in Medi- 
 cine, and reckoned a good febrifuge. 
 
 ER'JVIINE, S. [hermim, Fr. irmin'ius, Lat. 
 from the place whence it is brought, i. e. Ar- 
 menia] in Natural Hillory, an animal found 
 in cold countries, which nearly refembles the 
 weafel in /hape ; having a white pile, and the 
 tip of its tail black, and furniftiing a choice 
 and valuable fur. Though this, in heraldry, is 
 reprefented as having black foots, yet it is 
 confidently afferted, that the fkin of the ani- 
 mal has none, and that it is fo much an ene- 
 my to the leaft mixture of that kind, that it 
 would die, if its /kin were foiled ever fo little. 
 In Heraldry, a white field, or fur, powdered dr 
 interfperfed with black fpots. Ermines are 
 ufed by fome Englifh writers for the rcverfe 
 of ermine, i. e, a black field witk white 
 fpots, 
 
 ER'MINE, Adj. [Fr.] in Heraldry, a crajs 
 ermine, is one compofed of four black fpots. 
 ER'MINED, Adj. cloathed in ermine. 
 ERN, at the end of words which fignify a 
 repofitory or receptacle, is derived from erne. 
 Sax. a place. 
 
 To ERO'DE, V. A. [erodo, Lat.] to can- 
 ker, eat away, or corrode. 
 
 ERO'SION, S. [crop, Lat.] the aft of 
 eating away ; the ftate of being eaten away, 
 or corroded. 
 
 To ERR, V. A. [erro, Lat. errer, Fr.] to 
 wander or move without any certain d're£lion j 
 to ftray, or mifs the right way. " We have 
 erred and ftrayed from thy ways, like loft 
 Ihecp." Com. Frayer, To commit an error ; 
 to miftake, 
 
 ER'RAND, S. a mefTjge ; fomething to 
 be done or told by a perfon fent from one min 
 to another. Ufed at pref;nt only in familiar 
 difcourfe, though fo'merly admitted into the 
 mofl fublime compofitions. 
 
 ER'RANT, Adj. [Fr. errans, Lat,] wan- 
 dsring without any certain dirc£lion ) roving? 
 fjmblirtg, applied to a particular order of 
 
 knig}t-:<
 
 sights Celebrated in romance?, «fho Wfnt 
 about in fcarch of adventures. Vile; aban- 
 doned ; entire ; or comi'ieat, " An errant 
 iooV Johnfin. See ARRANT. 
 
 ERRA'NTRY, S. the condition of a wan- 
 derer. <« After a ftiort fp.ice of crantry upon 
 the feas." Jddif. Freehold. No. 36. The 
 employ or proteffion of a knight-errant. 
 
 ERRA,'TA, S. [plur.ll of erraium, Lat.] 
 the faults of the printer, inierted generally 
 in the end or beginning of a book by ihe 
 editor. 
 
 ERRA'TIC, Adj. [errathus, Lat.] keep- 
 ing no certain order of motion ; holding no 
 eflabliihed courfe ; irregular; changeable. 
 
 ERRA'TICALLY, Adv. without rules, 
 cr without any eftablifhed method or order. 
 
 ER'RHiNE, S. [sjfiva, Gr. the nofe or 
 noftrilsj fomething fnuft'ed up the nofe j or 
 caufin^ fneezine. 
 
 ERRO'NEO'US, Adj. [from erroneus, Lat.] 
 vandcring, cr going without any particulat 
 direftion ; irregular, or leaving the right way 
 er road ; miftakfn, or m;ftdking. 
 
 ERRO'NEOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 rer as to err, or miflake. 
 
 ERRO'KEOUSNESS, S. miftakej want 
 of conformity to trurh. 
 
 ER'P OR, S. [erreur, Yx. error, Lat.] a mlf- 
 take of the judgment in giving aflcnt to that 
 which is not true ; an act which implies the 
 taking a thing to be what it is not ; a blunder ; 
 a roving excurfior; ; a wandering btyond bounds. 
 •' Driven by the winds, and erron 01 the Icj." 
 Dryd. In Ccmmon Law, a fault or overfiaiht, 
 either in pleading, or in procels. A ivnt cf 
 trrcr, is that which is brought to remedy ei- 
 ther of thefe faults, or to reveffe a falfe 
 judgment. 
 
 ERST, Adj. \erj'i. Tent. ar]J}, Sax. fi.fl] 
 at firft. " Seem'd etj}, fo lavifh and profufe." 
 Milt. Formerly ; till now. Ufed at prefent 
 enly in poetry. 
 
 ERUCTA'TION, S. the aa of breaking 
 wind upwards ; the wind broken from the 
 ftomach by the mo>ith ; any fudden burft of 
 wind ; or matter caft upwards. 
 
 ERUDI'TION, S. [eruditio, Lat.] learning, 
 er knowledge acquired from reading, efpeci- 
 ally that which is acquired from Audying the 
 antients. 
 
 ERU'GINOUS, Adj. [arughojui, Lat.] 
 partaking of the fubfljnce or qualities of cop- 
 per. 
 
 ERUPTION, \eru[.t]o, Lat.] the a^ of 
 breaking or burfling from any indofiire or 
 confinement ; a burft of comhm'iilile mstter 
 or gunpowder ; a luddcn e:<curfion of an en^?- 
 my. A violent exclamation, applied to the 
 voice. A breaking out of puftules or pimplrs 
 on the fkin. 
 
 ERU'PTIVE, Adj. [burfting w'fh force 
 and violence from sn inclofjreor confinement. 
 *' The fudden glance — appears far fouth en'p- 
 tivt through the cloud." TbompJ^n, 
 
 ESC 
 
 ERYSI'PELAS, S. {t=jcnTt\<t<:, fromjtA- 
 and cn^at, Gr.J in MeJicine,|a diforder, gene- 
 rated by hot ferum in the blood, afTtfting thd 
 fiiperficies of the fkin with a Ihining pale red, 
 or citron colour, without pnlfation or circum- 
 fcribed fwelling, and fpreading from one 
 phce to another ; generally called St. Antho* 
 ny'.s fire. 
 
 ESCALA'DE, S. [Fr.] a furious attack of 
 a wall or fort, by means of fcaling ladders, 
 withdut bieaking ground, or carrying on re- 
 gular works to fccure the men. 
 
 ESCA'LOP, S. [efcakpe, Fr.] a fijh whofe 
 fhell is fomewhat of the cockle kind, but ra- 
 ther flatter, and confiderably larger, and 18 
 irregularly indented. 
 
 To ESCA'LOP, V. A. See SCALLOP, 
 which is the moft common, but the leart pro- 
 per wav of I'pelling. 
 
 To ESCA'PE, V. A. \eckaffer, Fr.] to 
 avoid any inconvenience which futrounds a 
 perion ; to fly from ; to pafs unobferved or 
 unnoticed. 
 
 ESCA'PE, S. an avoiding, or flight from 
 danger, purfuit, or conSnement ; fubterfuge 
 or evafion ; a fally, or irregular flight, or ftart 
 of paflion or genius. " Thoufand 'Jcapes of 
 wit." Shak. In Law, a violent or private 
 evafion from fome lawful reftraint, confine- 
 ment, or cuftody. 
 
 ESCHA'LOT, S. [Fr. pronounced /^a/af] 
 a plant having a tunicated bulbous root, like 
 that of an onion, which isincreafed alter the 
 fame manner as g«rlick, but fet earlier, be- 
 caiife it fpiings fooner, and taken up as loon 
 as tile leaves begin to wither. They give a 
 fine relifh to moft fauces, and though ftrongly 
 aromatic, do not make the bieath fo offenlive, 
 after eating as onions do. 
 
 ECHA'R, S. [pronounced Jchar, tj-^n^a, 
 Gr. a cruft] in Surgery, a hard cruft or frab, 
 formed on the furfate of the flelh by means of 
 a burning hoc iron, or cauftic medicine, or 
 fome ftiarp coriofive humour within. 
 
 ESCHAROTIC, Adj. having the power 
 to produce a fcab by its cauftic quality, appli- 
 ed to medicines, Cauftic. 
 
 ESCHE'AT, S. [cchevir, Fr.] in Law, any 
 lands or other profits that fall to a lord of 
 the manor by forfeiture, or the death of his 
 tenant, without heir general or efpecial ; the 
 place in which the king, or other lord, has 
 efcheats of his tenants ; a writ which lies, 
 where the tenant dies, as above, without heir 
 general or efpecial, againft him that pofTefles 
 the lamls of the deceafed. 
 
 To ESCHE'AT, V. A. in Law, to fail to 
 the lord of the manor by forfeiture, or for 
 want of heirs. 
 
 ESCHE'aTOR, S. in Law, an officer 
 that takes notice of the efcheats of the king, 
 in the county to which it belongs, and certi- 
 fies them to the Exchequer. 
 
 To ESCHE'W, V. A. [from efcheoh, old 
 Fr.J to fly, avoids ihjjn, on decline. " Uni- 
 
 verfaUy
 
 ESP 
 
 terfally to praftife (he one, and efcheiu the 
 other." Atterb. 
 
 ESCO'RT, S. [Fr.] a company of fol- 
 diers, and ftiips of war, attending oihers, to 
 keep rhem from falling into the hands of an 
 enemy. 
 
 To ESCO'RT, V. A. [efcorter, Fr.] to 
 guard or convoy by fea or land, with an armed 
 force, to prevent a perfon or thing from fall- 
 ing into the hands of an enemy. 
 
 ESCOT, S. [Fr.] a tax paid in boroughs 
 and coiporaiions towards the (upport of the 
 community, called vulgarly fcot and lot. 
 
 To ESCOT, V. A. to pay a man's rec- 
 koning. " How they are ejcoted.'" Sbak. 
 
 ECRI'TOIR, S, [Fr.J a kind of bureau, 
 or cheft of drawers, the top of which is fur- 
 nilhes with conveniences for writing. 
 
 E'SCULtNT, Adj. [efcu/er.tus, Lat.J eat- 
 able. In Botany, appHetl to fuch plants or 
 roots as may be e;ten, as beets, carrots, (^c. 
 
 E'SCULENT, S. fomething fit for food. 
 
 ESCU'TCHEON, S. [ftom fcucuni, Lat.J 
 in Heraldry, the Ihield or coat wherein the 
 bearing or arms of any perfon is painted. An 
 efcutcbeon of pretence is a fmall efcutcheon 
 which a man, who has married an heirefs, 
 BVay beir, with her arms over his own j and 
 the furviving heir may bear both arms quar- 
 terly. 
 
 ES'PALIER, S. [efpalier, Fr. ffalllera, 
 Ital.] in Gardening, rows of trees planted 
 round a garden, plantation, or in hedges, lo 
 as to endofe the whole garden, or only quar- 
 ters or feparate parts thereof, and trained up 
 fijt in a clofe hedge, for the defence of tender 
 plants, for the fecurify of fruit-trees againft 
 violence and injury of the wind and weather ; 
 commonly applied to hedges of fruit-trees, 
 which are trained up regularly to a Jattico 
 werk of wood, formed of afti-poles, or fquarc 
 long timbers of fir, fefc. The trees chiefly 
 planted for efpaliers, are apples, pcais, and 
 ibmeiimes plums. 
 
 ESPE'CIAL, Adj. [fpedalis, Lat.J prin- 
 cipal J chief ; eminently ferviceable in ef- 
 fecting an end. 
 
 ESPE'CI \LLY, Adv. principally; chiefly. 
 
 ESPLA'NaDE, S. [Fr.] in Fortif5cuJon, 
 formerly applied to fignify the glacis of the 
 counterfcarp, but at prefent it is taken for the 
 empty fpace between the glacis of a citadel, 
 and the fiift honfes of a tov/n. 
 
 ESPOU'SALS, S. [it has no fmz'Aar, 
 epous, Fr. fporfa/ia, Lat.J the udl of affiin- 
 cing or contracting a man and woman lo each 
 other. Figuratively, a wedding. 
 
 ESPOU'SAL, Adj. ufed in, or belonging 
 to the ceremony of betrothing. 
 
 To ESPOU'SE, V. A. [efpoufcr, Fr,] to 
 contract in noarriage, or to betroth to another ; 
 to marry ; to a^opt or engage in a thing as a 
 princi(;al ; to defend or maintain an opinion, 
 caufe, or party^ ' / 
 
 No ^''^ry'Jy.^A^^iffphr, Fr4>fee,4 
 
 E 6 6 
 
 thing at a diftance ; to difcover a thing in- 
 tended to be concealed ; to fee unexpeftedly j 
 to difcover, or make difcoveries in the charac- 
 ter of a fpy. 
 
 ESQUI^RE, [pronounced fjuire ; ejquier^ 
 Fr.J th; armour-bearer, or attendant ufon a 
 knight. A title of dignity next to that of 
 knight, called in Latin, Jcutifer, and arniiger, 
 and fcLUpor, among the Goths, from their 
 coat of arms, which they bore as badges of 
 their nobility, or becaufe they carried the ar- 
 mour of princes and great men. Every knight 
 WJS_ anciently ferved by two of them, who 
 carried his helmet and buckler, holding lands 
 of him in efcuage. At firft the name was a 
 name of office only, and probably Crept In 
 arnong the titles of honour in the reign of 
 Richard II. The title is now given to all the 
 fons of noblemen, and their heirs male for 
 ever; the four efquires of the king's body j 
 the eldeft fons of baronets, and of knights of 
 the Bath, and their heirs in the right line ; 
 to thofe that ferve the king in any worftipful 
 employment, Gfc. and to fuch as his majefty 
 gives arms, and creates efquires, with a collar 
 of SS. of filver, who were formerly called 
 'ivhitefquires. The chief of fome families en- 
 joy this title by prefcrlption, and thofe that 
 bear any fuperior office in the commonwealth, 
 as high fherifl" of any county, and he who is 
 juftice of the peace, together with under bar- 
 rifters, and graduates of the univerfity during 
 their refidence at college. 
 
 To ESS' AY, V. A. \ejaytr, Fr.J to at- 
 tempt, try, or endeavour; to make an expe- 
 riment/j to try the purity of metals. " The 
 flandard of our mint b.ing now fettled, the 
 methods of elTaying fuitable to it, S'c.'* 
 Lncke. This latter fenfe is now confined to, 
 and fpelt, ajjay, 
 
 ESSA'Y, S. an attempt, endeavour, or 
 trial ; a loofe fally of the mind ; an irregular 
 piece, wherein the thoughts arc fet down as 
 they occur to the mind, without any regard 
 to method. " My ejjkys, of all my o'her 
 works, have been the moft current." Bac. 
 _ ES'SENCE, S. [Fr. effinua Lat.J in Lo- 
 gic, the very nature of any being, whether it 
 ce exiftent or no ; that which determines and 
 tonllitutes the nature of a thing, or which is 
 Hbfolutely neceffary to its being what it is. Fi- 
 guratively, being, or a perfon which has exif- 
 tence. " Heavenly effer-ce." Par. Lojl. In 
 Medicine and Chemirtry, the chief properties 
 or virtues extracted from any fimple, rciiucei 
 to a narrow c ompafs : a perfume, or odoHr, 
 " Nor let the imprilon'd fJJ'evcts exhale," Pope. 
 
 To ES'SENCG, V. a. to fcent with any 
 perfume. ^' The hulband rails — at ejj'tnced 
 fop." SpeB. No. iSz. 
 
 ESSE'NTIAL, Adj. [efevtu!, Fr, of e/- 
 fentialis, Lat.J a property necelFiry to the con- 
 Ititution or exifteni-e of a thing; important in 
 the higheft (iegree. 
 
 ESSEN'TlALj S, being or efl'cnce. " Re- 
 duce
 
 ESS 
 
 «?uee-~to nothing this effi»tia!.'* Par. Loll. 
 Njitttre, or conftituent principles. " The 
 plague of fin has eaten into his very eU'eniiah,^'' 
 Sautb. A chief or principal point. 
 
 ESSENTIALLY, Adv. [eJenUalitir, low 
 Lat.J principally. 
 
 ES'SEX, S. fo called from the Eaft Saxons, 
 a county of England, and a kind of a peninfuU. 
 It is wafhed on the £. by the German ocean, 
 on the N. by the river Stour, which parts it 
 from SufFolIt and Cambridgei'hire ; on the W. 
 by the river Lea, which divides it from Mid- 
 dlefex, and by the river Stort, which feparates 
 It from Hertfordfhire ; and on the S. by the 
 Thames. Its extent from E. to W. is forty 
 miles, and from N. to S. thirty-five, though 
 the dimenfions given of it vary. It contains, 
 ■ccording to Templeman, 1,240,000 acres, 22 
 (ay) market-towns, and 4i5parilheti befides 
 46 parks, oneforeft, and acaltle, with 208,000 
 inhabitants. Befides the two knights of the 
 fhire, it fends two members for each of the 
 towns, Maiden, Colchefter, and Harwich. 
 It is one of the ftiires in the liome circuit, and 
 gives title of Earl to the Capcl family. The 
 air of Eflex is in general temperate j but near 
 the fe» and the Thames moift and aguiiTi, 
 though the marfh lands there abound with rich 
 paftures, corn- land, and cattle, as horfes, fat 
 oxen, and fheep : it abounds alfo in wood and 
 i»ild fowl ; and its northern part.', efpecially 
 about Saffron Walden, produce large quantities 
 ef faffion ; after three crops of which the foil 
 produces barley for two others fucceffively, 
 without manure. In other parts are hops. 
 In Effex the foil is beft where the air is wcrft, 
 and the former worft where the latter is beft 
 No county in Kneland affords provifions of all 
 forts more pleniif»illy than this, not only for 
 its own confutnption, tut the fiipply of the 
 London markets. Its calves are admired for 
 the whiienefs and delicacy of their fiefn j fo 
 that thefe, and the number of their fliles (from 
 the infinity of fmall enclofures in Eflcx) have 
 become proverbial. They have plenty of fifli 
 of all forts from the fea and their rivers j par- 
 ticularly vaft quantites of fine oyflers on the 
 coaft, which are fent up pickled to London, 
 cfpecially from Colchefler, and in fmall kegs. 
 In the maifhes of EfTex it is frequent to meet 
 with men that have had from five or Gx to 
 fourteen or fifteen wives, and fometimes it is 
 fsid more, even twenty-five and thirty-five. 
 The reafon is, that the farmers here have 
 wives from the uplands, who foon contradJ 
 agues, and go eft in little more than a year ; 
 nor do the men hold it out any more in thefe 
 parts, than in other counties. The marfh 
 lands of Effex are in the three hundreds ot 
 Barftable, Rcclford, and Dengy. In another 
 part of the county is the hundred of Hink- 
 i'oid, which is fo large as to be one eighth o: 
 the whole. 
 
 ESSO'IGN, orESS'OIN, S. [ww, Fr 
 «D excufej in Law, an excufe allowed for the 
 
 EST 
 
 sbfcnce of a perfon who is fummoned fo ap- 
 pear in a court of jufticc ; the perfon who i« 
 excufeti for abfence from a court of iufiice. 
 
 To ESTA'BLISH, V, A. [etanw, Fr.J to 
 fet'le firmly ; tj fix unalterably ; to feitle, lix, 
 or confirm in any privilege; to make fiim, or 
 ratify a law; to found, build, or place in fuch 
 a manner, as not to be fui^jeft to fall or move. 
 " He hath founded it upon the fejs, and (JIa' 
 bUjhed it upon the floods." P^a! xxiv. iz. 
 
 ESTA'BLlSHiMENT, S. [ctahi]l]ement,Vr.] 
 
 a confirmation, or ratification of fomeihing 
 
 lrea<ly done ; a fettled form of regulation, or 
 
 management of a government or f.imily; a 
 
 fundamental principle, or fettled law. 
 
 ESTATE, S. [tea/, Fr. formerly applied 
 to the general intereft or bufinelsof a govern- 
 ment, which is now written Stale] condition, 
 circumftance, or rank of life, with regard to 
 proiperily, affluence, nobility, wealih, or 
 their contraries ; fortune, generally applied to 
 a perfon's pofl'cfiiuns in land, rdnk, or qua- 
 lity. 
 
 To ESTEEM, V. A. {ejlimo, Fr. ajiimo, 
 Lat.J to fct a Vdlue on a thing 5 to compare, 
 or f.x the value of a thing by comp^rifon j to 
 prize J to value ; to regard as an objeft of 
 worth and reverence ; to refpeft, or account. 
 
 ESTEE'M, S. the a£l of refped psid to a 
 perfon or thing on account of real or fuppofed 
 worth ; the value, refpe^t, or reputation of a 
 perfon or thing. 
 
 ESTEE'MER, S. one who regards a perfon 
 or thing as the objedl of worth, and claiming 
 refpe£l, 
 
 E'STIMABLE, Adj. [Fr.] valuable 5 wor- 
 thy of honour, refpeft, or efteem. 
 
 E'STIMABLENESS, S. that qualityvihi.h 
 rendert a thing worthy of regard and refpect. 
 
 To E'STIMATE, V. A. \^Jliman.i, of 
 /efl'im'j, Lat.J to rate ; to fix the value of a 
 thing j to judge of a thing from comparing it 
 with fomething elfe ; to calculate, or compute. 
 
 E'STIMATE, S. a calculation or compu- 
 tation ; value ; the att of valuing, or valua- 
 tion ; the afTigniTient of proportion ; a judg- 
 ment formed from comparing one thing with 
 another. 
 
 ESTIMATION, S. the alTigning the 
 proper proportion or /hare of a thing ; a cal- 
 culation or computation regarding valu?, or 
 number 5 judgment or opinion formed on 
 comparing ; that i^egree of value or refpedt 
 paid a perfon or tiling, which aiiles Ircm con- 
 iidering their merits. 
 
 ESTIMATIVE, Adj. having the power 
 o^ making a comparifion or calculation, and 
 thereby determining the furplus or preference 
 between two or more things. 
 
 ESTIMATOR, S. a perfon.who, from co«- 
 fidering the nature of things, fettles their ref- 
 pe£live imporlance,worth, preference, or value. 
 ESTRA'DE, S. \Yt. firatum, Lat.J an al- 
 cove or bed- room ; an even or level |)lacc \ a 
 public road or hij.hw.-'.y. 
 
 ^ 7 'r*
 
 E T H 
 
 ToESTRA'NGE, V. A. [etranger, Fr.] 
 to keep ac a- diftan.e ; to with .raw ; to alie- 
 nate or divert, a (King from its oriy;inal ufe To 
 alienate, or change from kindnefs to coolncls 
 and indjflerence, ai.jjiied tq ihe afttilionq. 
 
 ESTF,A'NGEM£NT, S. d, ule; removal^ 
 the aft of confiaenng a thing with indifference 
 or coldnel's. 
 
 ESTR£'#VT, S. [exti-3^:'m, Lat,] io Law, 
 the true copy tir duplicate ot iome original 
 writing. 
 
 E^T RE'PEMENT, [tjln/ier, Fr.] in L-w, 
 the impqvenihing or malting land birren by 
 continual pljjwing and fowing, Vvithout due 
 mannring or reft 5 any v.-afte nude upon lantjs 
 by a tenant for lite, to the prejudice of a 
 psrfon who has them in reverfioii ; liliewife a 
 writ which lies to inhibit a tenant for lif'e from 
 inaking wafte. 
 
 E'STUARY, S. [aJJuarlttm, h^X.] an arm 
 of the lea ; the mou'h of a lake or river, 
 which comxunica-es with the fea ; a frith. 
 
 ESU'RINE, Adj \_i-jurio, Lat, to be hun- 
 gry] corroding ; Iharp ; eating. 
 
 ETC, a contrddidVion of et caiera., Lat. 
 implying, and fo on ; and the like; and the 
 left ; or, and others of the f.ime kind. 
 
 To ETCH, V. A, [etiz,.'n, Teut.] to en 
 grave on copper with aom (ortis. Fi^utjtivs- 
 }y, to fK.;ich or draw. " To etch out th:;u 
 iyftetRT.*' J^ocke. Suppofed to be \i(zi by 
 miftake for eke. To move forwar.is by al- 
 tering the diteiflion from pne fide toano'-her. 
 
 ETCH, 3. in Huftandry, a urft crop, or a 
 crop taken off ground wijich is f.iilow. 
 " When 'hey fpw their i?/c/b crops." HTcriim. 
 
 ETE'RNAL, Adj. [Fr. ,.«/.r««<j, Lit.] 
 applied to the e;:iftence of the Deity, without 
 beginning or end; endlcfs ; iiftmortal. Fi- 
 guratively, per[.ietual ; conftjnt ; wiihcit in- 
 intermiffion " Fiie; etuna! in thy te.nples 
 ihine." Dryd. That wh.ch has iieea and 
 always will be unchangeably the fame. "• t:icr- 
 pal truths." Dryd, 
 
 ETER'NAL, S, [eternel, Fr.] one of the 
 appellations of God, implyijig his neccffiry 
 ex)<>ei\ce. or his exiftence lj..;iofe ell time, 
 
 ETER'HALIST, S. one who hold.i-that 
 the world was never created, but exilled fro.Ti 
 all eternity. 
 
 To ETER'NALIZE, V. A. to make eter- 
 nal, immortal, or to cxift without end. 
 
 ETER'NALLY, Adv. withdut L.einning 
 OT end ; without change ; froiii eicinity 10 
 eternity ; perpetually 5 conflantly ; or v/ithout 
 interminion. 
 
 EfER/NlTY, S. [eternite, Fr, ciernitai, 
 jfcit.J duration, without begimiing hr end, 
 ■ To ETE/RNIZE, V. A. [a;iernhier, Fr.] 
 to render pcipetuJ, or endiels j to render 
 immortal ; or immor'alize. 
 
 E'TIIER, §, [nt::er, 'Lk. of oiO-!,.', Gr.] 
 p thifij^fubiile matter or medium, much finer 
 and rirer than air, which commences from the 
 limits of our aimofph^re, and •p-ofi"eftcs''the 
 jvtoolc hejvsniy fpnce, ' ' *' •'-"-._••.* 
 
 EVA 
 
 ETHE'REAL, Adj. formed of eth??, Pi? 
 Kuratively, heavenly. 
 
 ETHE'REOtJS, Adj, [athereus, La?, 
 formed of ether. Figiiraiiv-ly, iipavenly. 
 
 E'THIC, Adj. [sS.K©', Gr.j m.oral j coi;- 
 riiiiirit; precepts of moralityi,. .' 
 
 E'THIC AL, Adj. [E9jit<^,-.Gr.3 ipofal; 
 treating on morality. J . - 
 
 E'THIC ALLY, Adv. afver the manner qf 
 eth cs, or moral philnfcphy. 
 
 ETHICS, S. Without any -fingul^r, [eS**^ 
 Gr.J the doilrine of morality; or that part 
 of phiioiophy which treats of our duly as ic 
 concerns us, either as nr.embers of fqcicty, ot 
 as men, 
 
 E-^THNIC, Adj.- [ESva^, Gr.] keathen j 
 p igan ; not enlightene.i with the knowledge 
 of the one and Hue God, oppofed tq Jcwilh 
 ur ChrifVian. 
 
 £-'IHNICS, S. heathej^s; idolaters, op- 
 pofed to Jews and Chriftians, 
 
 ETHOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from £9%, afi4 
 ?ioj/©^, Gr,] trcaiing of morality. 
 
 ETIO'LOGY, S. [ama, and ?^py©-, Gr.J 
 an account of the caufe ot a thing, generally 
 applied to dilldmpers. 
 
 ETYlViOLO''GICAL,. Adj, [from etyxo- 
 /ay] reLiting to (he derivation of words. 
 ' EfYMOLO'GIST, S. one v/ho featcbeij 
 out the original, or Hiews the derivation ot 
 wurds. 
 
 ETYMO'LOGY, S. [of etymo'^gia., Lat. 
 from CTi.'/.t(^, true, and AoyiS-', Gr. '.peech cf 
 dilcouriej that part of gram. nar which treats 
 of the origin and derivation of v/ords, ar>4 
 •hereby arrives at their primary or firft fjgai- 
 ficiition ; the derivation of a vyord, or the ori- 
 ;;inal wpvd from whence ano'her is derived ; 
 the analyfis ofcotn pound words into priniitiytSr. 
 
 E'TYMON, S. [Gr.j the primitive, or 
 original word from whence another ie derived, 
 
 EVA'CUA^'T, S. [cvacu~^"i, Lat.] m 
 Medicine, a remedy proper to expel or carry 
 y!T any ill, pcccanr, or redundant humours 
 in the animal body, by the propet outlet? or 
 emunflorief. 
 
 To EVA'CUATE, V. A. [evacuaius, of 
 n-iic'jo, Lat.j to empty or clear a thing or its 
 conten-.s ; to throw out as noxious apd qf- 
 ff.nlive ; to avoid by ftool, as thiough any of 
 the excretory patTages ; to make yoid or 
 annul. '• It would not e-vacuaic a marriige.'* 
 Bac'f'., To quit, or withdraw from a place, 
 " He nqver effeftuaily evacufttid Ciitioriia,^'^ 
 
 EVyVClJA'TIOU, S. levacvaih, Lat.] a 
 withdrawing, emilfion, or difchaige, which 
 renoers a decrea c o* men fenfiblc ; abortion j 
 or annulling ; the quilling of a country; a 
 d\fch;rge i-rorured by tned cine.s ; the pra£kic|5 
 of emp'ving the bony by niW'iti/ies.- '' 
 ■ To E'VADE, V. A. [e-vauo, Lat-] tq 
 efcapc. elude; or avoid h^ art-.Ticc or ftraUfiemj 
 to dr>.li;if: hi :\.'in^"„:t''. -. ; to cicape or tlodi 
 %W»il:l , 
 -■^Gv £V'AGAfTlQ-N,
 
 EVE 
 
 EVAGA'TION, S. [eva^^itus, Lat.] the 
 leaving oiF, or Wdndcting t'rom, a (iire£l coun'e 
 or line. 
 
 EVANE'SCENT, Adj. [e'vancfie^s, Ut.] 
 vanifhin;; ; kfl'ening beyond ihe perception of 
 the fenfes 
 
 EVANGE'LICAL, Adj. [evargelique, Fr. 
 evargelicus, Lat. of Bi>, good, and ay-s>.ii), 
 Gr. 10 proclaim or deliver avmen"<ij.ej agrrtatli' 
 to, or contained in the ^ofpel j agreeable to 
 the doftrines of ChiiAianity, us contained in 
 the gofpcl. 
 
 EVA'NGELISM, S. the aft of preaching 
 the gofpel. 
 
 EVA'NGEI.IST, S. [evayyi\(^, Or.] a 
 v.ii;er of the gofpel j one wno propagates 
 Chriftianity. 
 
 To EVA'NGELIZE, V. A. [e-vanj'e/ifo, 
 Lar. ivayyiXilj!- Gr.j to inftruct in the doc- 
 trines o; Ciiiiifiani y j to convert to ChrHfii- 
 anity. 
 
 EVA'NID, Adj. [e-vameius, Lar.] faint; 
 \ve:ik ; vanfliing, or growing impeiceptible 
 to the fig'it. 
 
 EVA'PORABLE, Adj. [t-vaporer, Fr.] 
 eafily difpeifed in turns? or vapours. 
 
 ToEVa'PORATE, V. A. [et-apoyatus. 
 L3t. of evafoio, Lat.] to exhale, drive away, 
 or diflipate moifture into fumes, fteam, and 
 vaoours. Fi^urdtively, to give vent to a ludden 
 fally of the mind. " My lord of Ellex evapo- 
 rateJ W\s thoughrs in a fonnet," PFotlov. 
 
 EVAFORA'TION, S. [Fr. evaforatio, 
 Lat.] the a<ft of flying away in fumes and va- 
 pours. In Philofophy, the atft of exhaling 
 the moifture of a body, or of Giffipating it in 
 fur.es and vapours. It differs from exhdlaiion, 
 bee; u e that is praftifed on dry, and this on 
 moift things. Figuratively, a vent or dif-j 
 charge. 
 
 EVA'SION, S. [Fr. e-'afun:, Lat. of ez'a- 
 do, Lat.] a ftratagem, artifice, or fophill;y, 
 irade ule of as an excufe, or means of free- 
 ing a perfon from a difiicuky. 
 
 EVA'SIVE, Adj. pra<£li'fing artifice?, (o- 
 phiflry, or flratagems, in order to extricate 
 from a difficulty, or avoid coming to the point. 
 EVA'.SIVELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to be guilty of fophiftry, fubterfuges, or ar- 
 tifue. 
 
 EU'CHARIST, S, [from v>, well, and 
 p^2fif, Gr. thanks] the aft of giving thanks. 
 Applied by divines to fignify the thankful re- 
 mem brar.cc of the death of Chriftin thecom- 
 niunion, or Lord's flipper. 
 
 EUCKARl'STiCAL, Adj. [from F.vcha- 
 riji] containing afls of thantTgiving ; relating 
 to the fa<-r?mept of the. Lord's fiipper. 
 
 EU''CHRASY, S. [£i-xf--»a, Cr.} an 
 agreeable or good mixtun; ol quditirs and 
 fluids in a human body, which denominates 
 it healthy. 
 
 LVEorE'VF.N, S.\afcn, Six. avcnd, or 
 CJondf ?elg. and Teut. affun, Dan.j the lat- 
 ter pniv. .31 dole of the day ^ the inteiv>il be- 
 
 EVE 
 
 tween broad light and darknefs ; the vigil, or 
 faft to be obferved-in the church the ddy be- 
 fore a holiday. In this itn\c eie isonly ufed j 
 in the other, even cr e-ve indiflcrently. 
 
 E'VEN, Adj. fmooth ; level ; capable of 
 being divided into equal parts. Calm, applied 
 CD the palTnns. 
 
 To E'VEN, V. A. to make the height of 
 two bodies, or the quantity of two numbers 
 the fame, or par. He! j to make level. Neu- 
 terly, to become even, or out of debt. 
 
 E'VEN, Adv. [coniraifted in common con- 
 verfation and poetry to ex/'n or e''ev] a word of 
 flrong aflertion, implying that a thing is true 
 in a lenfe, which is ihr moft dubious j equal 
 to. So rruch as, vviien u'ed as a diminutive. 
 When ufed as an exaggeration or heightened 
 phrale, i: implies a tacit comp.irifon, which 
 fcives grfat force to the words immediately 
 following. In common difcourlc, pronounced 
 tfVn, and ufed as a word of conceflion. " I 
 ftall fV/i let it pafs." ColUcr. 
 
 E'V EN-HANDED, Adj. impartial, un- 
 biafl'fd. " E-ven-hiir.ded luiWct:.'''' Shak. 
 
 E'VENING, S. the cioie of the day. 
 
 E'VENLY, Ad./, equally J uniformly ; fe- 
 velly ; in an impartial manner : .without ela- 
 tion or dejedlion. " He bore his virtues (o 
 e'venly.''^ Shak, No more nor lei's. " it was 
 cvehlf fo.". 
 
 E'VeNNESS, S. applied to furface, the 
 (bte of being fiee from ruggednefs ; fniooth- 
 nels ; levelnefs j the ftatc of a thing when it 
 inclines not more on one fide than another ; 
 impartiality or freedom fiom bias. Calmnei'i, 
 or freedom from any violent perturbation, ap- 
 plied to the mind. 
 
 E'VEN-SONG, S. a fong fung at the cjofe 
 of day ; a form of worfnip performed in the 
 evening. " He tun'd both e-ven-jong and 
 morn." Diyd. 
 
 E'VEN-TIDE, S, the time of the evening. 
 
 E'VENT, S. {evetitus, L^t.] an incident 
 a£lion ; or any thing which happens either 
 good or bad ; the refult or confequence of any 
 aftion; the conclufion, or uoftior. 
 
 EVE^NTFUL, Adj full Jf incidents j a- 
 bounding with a variety of adlions or in- 
 ciden'5. 
 
 EVE'NTUAL, Adj. happening in confe- 
 quence of any atlion ; conlcquentially. 
 
 EVE'NTUALLY, Adv. in the evenr, rs- 
 fult, or confeque.-iCe; confequentiaily. 
 
 EVER, Adv. [afre, Sax. du aiva, in ai- 
 iv:n, und aiiv, Goth. J at any time, when pre- 
 ceied by If. Always j at all times p.ift, and 
 at all lime to come ; to all eiernity. When 
 repeated, it impl.es a ftronger affirmation that 
 the time or duration of a thing /liall never 
 end, or that it /liali continue the fame to all 
 eternity. Followed by anon, it applies fre- 
 quently, fucceffiv;ly, cr with a fmall paufe. 
 " E''.'er and aj,on a filvcr tear Hole down." 
 Dryd, It is fometiir.es ufed as anenforce- 
 menc of the word piecedir.g. •' As foon as
 
 E V O 
 
 to condition or circumftances. Mifchieyou 
 deltrudlive, applied to ajiinials, <' An su 
 
 pyVlL, S. Natural evil, h that defeft oE 
 inconvenience which aule^fronri natural caufcij 
 wUhouL our conlcnt or knowledge. Moca/ei/i/, 
 s ihat inconvenience, which anfes/rom natu- 
 ral caufes, by our own confent or choice ; or 
 hat inconvenience which arifcs from the 
 ai'jfeofoar elections. Applied to a choice, 
 or ading contrary to the moral or revealed 
 laws ot the Deity, it is termed ivickedriefs- oe 
 fin. Applied to aiSling- contrary to the law^ 
 of goverr.rneiit, a crim^. Applied to afting 
 contrary to the meie rule ot fitnefs, a/a«/f. 
 wh.en indulged or freq:jen:ly pr-diTed, ic is 
 termed malignity, or tniz/icioi.r.efs. When ao- 
 plied to tiie inconveniences refulting from 
 want of wealth or friends, it is termed ca!r,>n:ty 
 or niifery j but when to want of health, it i^ 
 called a diftemper or difeafe. On the wh>ile, 
 e-vdis what is apt to produce or increafe any 
 paif!, or diminifh any pleal'ure in us j or elftj 
 to prociire us any inconvenience, or deprive us 
 ol any good. In Scripture, the confequences 
 01 (In ; an evil angel or devil, f' Peliver u^ 
 (rom tt)?/." 
 
 To E'VINCE, V, A, [evizu:o, Lat. ] to 
 prove, make evident, or ettablilli by argutnentSa 
 EV/NCIBlE, Adj, capable of being 
 proved or edabliihcd by arguments. 
 
 EVFNC1RI.Y, Adv. in fuch a manner a^ 
 to force slient i.r ccnvidtion. 
 
 EViTABLE. Adj. \]e-jitahins, Lat,] that 
 may be fiirmnuiiteci or avoiced. 
 
 EU'LOGY, :>. [frpm vj well, and 7.cy'^ 
 EVE'RY, Adj. [afer ealc. Sax. e'z^fWrt', j Gr. a diicourie] a praife commemoration, or 
 eld Eng.] each indiviojal or iingle p^rWon | panegyric j a nifplay or difcourfe in praile oj:' 
 compolingany toUeftton oi men. E-vetyivhere \ the virtues ofa perion. 
 
 in all places ; in tach place. I EU'WUCH, S. [from Eyvw, a bed, and e;^iu 
 
 E'VES DROPPER, S. a perfon who gets' Gr. to have or keep ; they having the ch<tr^e 
 clofe to a houie, or under lue wiiuiow, to I of tiie bed-rooms tn eaftirn couutiesj a per- 
 he^iken to the oifcourfe, and difcuver the fc j Ton who has been caftrited. Figuratively, a 
 (Cicis ol a f^imj^y. chief (officer of the houfiiold of aneafiernmo- 
 
 Tu E'VICT, V. A. [eviHus, Lat. ofjnarch, fuch perfons only being fufiered to 
 (vinco, Lat J m Law, to cait out ofa poffei j i'eive in places in their palaces, 
 fion, or to diipoiici's by due couric of law. j To EU/NUCHATE, V. A. [from the 
 
 EVICTION. S. tiifpolicffioa t>y a fentence j noun] to caftrate, or make an eunuch, 
 at law ; pioot evidence, (-r certain teiHmony. j EVOCA'TiON, S. [i-vocatio, Lat. j the aifl 
 EVl'DENCE, S. [Fr.J the ftate ot being! of calling out, " dn evocation of the deac| 
 clear with relpeit to proof j Undoubted cer- from hell." Pope, 
 
 E V I 
 
 ff«r he had done it:" that is, irAmediately 
 after he h.d none it, when ufed in compo 
 fition, It implies always, or conftautly ; a: 
 e-ver-gieen 1 gnifies alv^ays green, or gretu 
 throughout the year. 
 
 EV/£R-BUB'BL!NG, Adj. contiiiuJI), 
 or always bubbling with murmurs. 
 
 EVER DURING, Arij, eierudl ; contii.u 
 ing J or islting witliout en^. 
 
 E V'£R-GRE£N, S. a plant which retains 
 its leaves and green colour through all the 
 Icalons. 
 
 EVERLA'STiNG, Adj. lading or endu- 
 ring lor ever, or without end ; immortjl 
 Ufed to imply time paft, as weli as time to 
 come, but improi-criy, 
 
 EVERLa'STING, S. eternity j eternal 
 duration, whetiicr palt or future. LiicCwile a 
 corded woollen fluff, m>de uie of for breeches 
 arid waiftcO:its, anu receiving its name from its 
 luppoled fttength. In Botany, a pea lo called. 
 
 EVERLA'STINGLY, Adv. eternally j 
 without end. 
 
 EVERLA'STINGNE^S, S. eternity. 
 
 EVER-LIVTNG, Adj. immortal. 
 
 EVERMO'KE, Adv. always ; inceHantly : 
 eternally. " Religion prefers thofc picAfurts 
 which Jlaw from Liie prcieuce of God for ever- 
 more" ^rdiotj, 
 
 EVER i^LEA'SING, Adj. aSways giving 
 plcafure. 
 
 To EVE'RSE,"V. A. [everfut, Lat.J to 
 overthrow, fubverr, or deftroy. To coiuofc, 
 or explode, anpled to argu.nent. '' 1 he 
 founoaiion ol this principle is totally e'vsrjij.'" 
 Cl-Jmi. 
 
 tainiy J teftimonyj prooi j a pcrlon who is 
 fumnioned to prove any point or laft. Ufeti 
 fometiaies in the plur.il without the s final, 
 and (oiiietiirics with. 
 
 To EVn/£NCE, V, A. to prove ; to dif- 
 p.-,Vf.r or fhow ; to miike difcovery. 
 
 EVTDENT, Adj. plain j proyed beyond 
 douat ; notorious. 
 
 EVyOENTLY, Adv. in fuch a ma.insr as 
 to a^ipear plain and incluoitablc. 
 
 E/ViL, Aoj. [efei, yfil, Sax, e^'cl, Belg. 
 fii-il, Teut.j having oaa Ou^lities of any kind. 
 Vvickcd, mjilicious, spphed to morals. Fi- 
 
 ToE'VOLVE, V. A, [e-voko, Lat.j tq 
 unrol J to unfold j or difentangle. 
 
 E'VOLVENT, Adj. [e^vchens, Lat.] in 
 Geometry, a curve, which reiults Irom the 
 cvoluijon of anotfeer curve. 
 
 E'VPLUTION, S. [cvolutus, Lat,] the aft 
 of unrolling or ui. folding, in G'-ometry, the 
 opening or unfolding of a curve or circle, 
 w herebythe circuniterencegraduallvupproaciies 
 toa right lioe, all its parts meeting logether, 
 and equally evolving or unbending, lb that (he 
 tame line becomes luccelTively a le!-. arcij of 
 a reciprocally greater circle, till at laft they 
 
 guratfvcly, falamitoijs or piil'cxable, ?pp!icd ti;r^ '»?'».» Uwif lipe. In Algebra, thu ex- 
 
 •Cc , J ■ Jf jiclio|p
 
 EUR 
 
 traftion of roots from any given power. In 
 Tadtics, the divers figures, turns, and mo- 
 tions made by a body of foldieis, either in 
 ranging themielves in foim of battle, or in 
 changing their form, whether by way of ex- 
 etcife, or during an engagement. 
 
 EVOMi'TION, S. [evomiius, Lat.] the 
 aft of vomiting out. 
 
 EUPHO'NICAL, Adj. [from euf^hony] 
 founding agreeable ; giving pleafure by found. 
 EU'PHONY, S. [iv, well, and <fa.v«, G'. 
 a voicej in Grammar, an eafinefs, fmooth- 
 nefs, and elegance ot pronunciation j an agree- 
 able found. V 
 
 EUPHOR'BIA, or EUPHORBIUM, S. 
 in Botany, the burning thoiny plant. Lin- 
 nsus ranges it in the 3d left, ot his nth claU. 
 A gum drawn trom the plant is imported trom 
 the Canary lllands, and the remoter parts ot 
 Africa, and is ufed in medicine in finapilms 
 EU'PHK.ASY, S. [euph-ajia, Lat J in Bo 
 tany, the herb called tyebngbt, from its fup- 
 pofed virtue in clearing the fight : it grow; 
 nuurally in commons and fields, always a- 
 mong grjfs, hea:h, and lurz, (Sc. " Pu^g'd 
 with eupbrufy and rue — the vifual nerve." 
 Par. Up. 
 
 EU'PHRATES, S. the fineft river of Tur- 
 key in Afia. It ilfues from two fources north 
 wards of E-^zerum, in Turco mania, in lat. 
 40 aeg. 16 min. north ; buth which unite 
 their ftreams three days journey below that 
 city, to wliich pla:e fmall vtffels may come 
 up ; but its navigation is rendered dangerous 
 by a very rocky channel. Its couife at firft is 
 fiom E, to W. through Turcomania j bur 
 meeting with mount Taurus, it turns to the 
 S. dividing that province trom Natolia, and 
 then running on S. E. leparatcs Syria from 
 Affyria, It alterwards pafTes throUj,h Eyraca, j 
 Arabia, or ChaKea ; and having joined the 
 Tigrif, continues the fame coui!eto B^ilTuia^ 
 forty ci^ht miles below which city it difchargcs 
 itielt into the Perl.an gulph. M-f..potamia 
 or Paoanar^m isalmoft luirounded by tiie Eu- 
 phrates and 'J igr s. 
 
 EURO'CLVDON, S. [Gr ] a wind vhici 
 blows between the eali an.: north in the i\'le 
 duerran. an, and is vciy dangerous It u 01 
 the naru'c ot a whirlwi .d, falh (uddenly on 
 fhips, mcikes them tacK about and fometimes- 
 cauics ihem to luunder. " There arule a I 
 tenipeiluous wind caJkd Euroclydun." A£h\ 
 XXVI. 14. 
 
 EU'KCPE, S. one of the grand fubdivi- 
 iions O' quailer- of the lerraq icous gLbe, by 
 the Romans caded Euiupj, as it is now by th^ 
 Ital an; and S^ariaros, and Europe by ihc 
 EngLflx and French, 'ihc Tu jis call it Ru- 
 m^'j or Alfrtnk, the Gs^orgns, Fr,.nkoba 
 an '. tie rt li- t)t Afia, funlcidan. Onti.eN. 
 it has the Fozcn cceao or White Isa j on thi: 
 S. the Mediitrtaiiean lea, civ.aing it trorn 
 At'rica. On the E. it is buundcd by Ali-i, 
 tiocn which it is patted by the Archipelago, 
 
 EUR 
 
 the Euxinc or Black fea, and the Palus Mce- 
 otis, and from thence, by a line drawn from 
 the Taniis or Don, almoft to the Oby in 
 Mulcovy 5 and on the W. it has the Atlan- 
 tic ocean. Europe ex'ends itfelf between Lat. 
 34 and 80 deg. N. and between long. 5 and 
 80 deg. reckoning the firft treridian to 
 pafs through Teneriff. Its breadth as a 
 continent, from the north cape to the cape 
 Metapan in the Morea, is about 2600 miJes ; 
 and its length, from the mouth of the river 
 Oby in the E. to cape St. Vncent in Portugal 
 W. about 2800. Tho' Europe be the leaft of 
 the four parts of this lower globe, it has much 
 the advantage of the others with regard to 
 the mildnefs of its climate, the fertility of its 
 foil in general, producing great plenty of corn, 
 cattle, wine, oil, and in fhort ail things necef- 
 lary, not only tor the fupport, but eafe and 
 luxury of human li'e ; more efpecially noted 
 tor the comelinefs,l>rength, courage, ingenuity, 
 and witdom of its inhabitants, the excellence 
 ut their governments, equity of their laws, ■ 
 the tredom of their fubjecfs j and, what fur- , 
 palies all others, the purity of their religion, 
 namely, the fublime doftrines of the great and 
 divine lawgiver Jeius Chrift, and of his imme- . 
 diate apolUes. After the flood, Noah's pof- 
 terity peopled Europe : but v/hether, as is ge- 
 nerally believed, by the defcendants of JapheC, 
 ■A ho came tVum Afia Minor over the Hellei- 
 pont iaro Greece, or thole of Shenn paffing 
 by land between the Cafpian lea and Palus 
 Moeotis, who went through Tartary and Scy- 
 thia into Scandia or Scandinavia, and from 
 thence fpreading afterwards over France, Ger- 
 many, (2fc. is not fo clear. Europe, however, 
 has tor matiy ages been ex remely populous, 
 <nd lome of her inhabitants illuftnous tor 
 [their courage, wifdom, an 1 virtue: lo that 
 lat d.fE;rent times they conquered by ihi» 
 means the grratett part of Afia and Afriia, 
 lut^jefting ihefe counciies to the two empires 
 01 Greece and Rome. And within thele- Let- 
 ter ajjes, namely, tnree or four cen'uries ago, 
 almoft one halt or the earth, formerlyunknown, 
 has bt^en dilcDvcred by Europeans, and pclTef- 
 ied ty the colonie' tt^ey have lent thnher 
 Cbriiianity is profefTed throughout Europe, 
 t;xct-pt i:i ttiat part 01 it occupied by the lurks, 
 wtio are diiciples of Mahomet. Bur, by rea- 
 lon of the corruption'; ana innovations grat(u-» 
 ally iiitioi uccd into the tiiurch ot Roms, the 
 v.et^ern church is divioed'; lo that Italy, 
 iipa:r., Portugat, France, p^.-t of Germany, 
 and ttie Netherlands, with Poland, ftill tollow 
 tie doctrine of ttie Rcmi.'h chu ch : v hilft 
 England, Scotland, Ireland, Denmark, 
 Sweden, Norway, great part o' Germany, tUe 
 Seven Unitei Prcvincei of Hollsn-, Sw 'zrr- 
 Uiid, iTi.. have ciobi'accd the relo matron, 
 aad p oicfs ttie Prote!i.!nt religion. But in 
 Kuflia, fonie few parts of Puland, in Wala- 
 c.^ia, Moldavia, Podoiia, Volhinia, Greece, 
 .(Sc. the dodliine of the eaftern oiGieck church 
 
 is
 
 E X A 
 
 IS followed. The Europeans have ^een m.-ift 
 renowned for learning and arts ; for they have 
 brought al) the fcienres to a greater perteftion 
 than the Afwiics or Africans ever had done. 
 Befides the invention and improvement of 
 many , ufefii! artp, navigation particularly is 
 entirely owing to the induftry and genius of 
 the inhabitants cf ihis part of the world. The 
 languages of Europe are all derived from thefe 
 fix original one;, the Greek, Latin, Teutonic, 
 or Old German, Celtic, Sclavonic, and Go- 
 thic 5 difterent combinations and dialefis of 
 which, wi h acciaental additions, bting the 
 language of all the confideral)le parts of Eu- 
 rope, fxcpt Tart.^ry an i Turky. 
 
 EUROPE'AN. Adi. [of Europe, Europaiis, 
 Lat. lome I'deins accent it on the iccon-- 
 yllable. but the authority of all the great poets 
 »re agaiaft tiie'nj brionging to, or a native ot 
 Europe. 
 
 EU'RUS, S. [Lat.J thr eaO wind. 
 nEURY'THMY, S. ]iv, wA\, and ^v5,u(^. 
 Or. rrief'fure of vere, or nanronyj h irmcny 
 of veite O.I p!Ti,;ounciat on, 
 
 EVU'LilON, a. [e-vuljio, Lat.j the aft of 
 plucking off. 
 
 EWE. .S. [eciv, Sjx. Kcncf, e-zve. Sax. 
 marriage, an e-wtde. Sax. a tii ck, o:itve, fiel^;.} 
 a femiie (hem. 
 
 EX, a Lat n prepofuion, often prrfixecl to 
 comp'unu Aoros lometimf^s fignifying, as in 
 the ougiiia., out, as to exbauft, to drazu cut j 
 fometiaies it o/ily en;.orces the me^Tiir^ ot tiie 
 word to which u is join-o, and fomeiimes 
 pro.Tuc.-s a Imall alteration in the fenfe. 
 
 To FX.A'CKRBA 1 E, V. '\. \exucer>att'.i, 
 of exacerbo, Lat. J to make rougher j to exa 
 fperate ; to In ijihten ai y dilagreeable quality. 
 
 EX -vCERBA'TION, S. incre.fe or mal.g- 
 nity, or any had quality. In Medicine, the 
 height ot a dileafe j a paroxvf'n. 
 
 EXA'CT, Adj. [Fr. exan^s, Lat.] With- 
 out the lead deviation troin any ruic or iland- 
 ard ; accui^tcj honefb ; p.init.ul. 
 
 To EXA'CT, V. A. \exacius of cxigo, 
 Lat>J to require or demand with rigour ana 
 auihdfity J to demand ^s due . to enjoin or 
 iiifm upon. Neuterly, to require more than 
 is the worth o a thing in fales ; to require 
 rr.ore than is due in debts or contiadts j to be 
 guilty oi extojt on. 
 
 EX A'CTER, S. one that claims more than 
 his Que ; or demands his due with outrage 
 and rltour. 
 
 kX A CTION, S. the aft of making a de- 
 mana with auihutity; ttie demanding more 
 than is due, or more than a ihing is worth j 
 extortion ; a (oli j oi heavy ax. 
 
 EXA'CTLY, Adv. with accuracy ; per- 
 feftlv ; witn great nicely. 
 
 EXA'C'I'NEii), a it^id conformity to a 
 rule or Itandard ; a conduct legulatca with the 
 greateft ftridtnets accoiding lo fome rule. 
 
 To EXA'GGERaTE, V.A. [cxagj^cratus, 
 Lat. of ejtaggeroj to heighten by oeUnptiun j 
 
 EXA 
 
 to reprefent a thing, or good and ill qvah'ty; 
 to be gre.iter than tticy really rre. 
 
 EXAGGERA'TJON, S. the aft of heap- 
 ing tojethtr. '«The exaggeration of fand." 
 Hale. A reprefentarion, wherein the good and 
 ill quiliiies of a thing or pcrfon sre delcnbed 
 to be greater than they really ; re. 
 
 To EXA'GITATE, V. A. [exagliatui, 
 Lat. ot exagito, Lat.) to put in motion. 
 
 To EXA/LT, V. A. [exaher, Fr. from 
 alius, Lat. hi^hj to lilt upwards ; to place on 
 high. FigurativL-y, to prefer, or rai.''e to power, 
 wealth, or dignity ; to elate with joy or con- 
 fiience; to m.gnity with praife. To raile of 
 make louder, applied to the voice. In Che- 
 mftry, to lubl Tie, refine, er heighten the 
 q'idlnics of a tiling by fire. 
 
 EXAL TA'TiON, S. the aft of lifing up, 
 or placing en h gh ; prefermen: or advance- 
 men ; a Ifate of granoeur or dignity. In 
 Altrolo^y, a dignity wh en a planet is fnppofed 
 to acquire in ceitain parts ol figiis Or the zo- 
 diac, which is imagined to give it an extraor- 
 din ry power or ii.rtuence, 
 
 EXA'MEN, S. [Lat, J an exaft and carefiU 
 fearch ot enquiry, in order to aifcovcr the 
 truth or ta.fh. od of a tt>iiig. 
 
 EX -.'M.NATE, S. [examwatus, Lat.j an 
 evcieuce or p^rlcn examined up.t.n 3 trial. 
 " Afkeu in Icurn one ot the examinatnC 
 Bac. 
 
 EXAMINA'TION, S. [examiratio, Lzt.] 
 a fcarth into the tiuiti of any tact, or the 
 viTj.uy of ny evidence, hy queftions ; an ac- 
 curate, n;ce, and lcrupulo«s enqu.ry after 
 iruth. 
 
 EXAMINA'T0R,S. [Lat.] an examiner. 
 
 To hXA'MlNE. V. A. [exammer, Ft. 
 txamxno, L,dt j f. try a perfon lufpefted of 
 anycnm. y queftions; to afk a wiinefs quef- 
 iiuns Oft a trial j to make inquiry into ; Co 
 ry by experiment, obfcrvation, or the deduc- 
 tions ol re.ifon. 
 
 EXA'M1N:R,S one who fearcbes into the 
 ver City of anevinence, by p'opofing t'urh quef- 
 tio' s as ihall be fuiiabic to tti..t purpole. 
 
 EXA'MPLE, S. {extmple, Fr. eximfJum, 
 Lat.j any ihing prop..fed to b- copied or imi- 
 tated j a precedent, or lomething of the fame 
 kind which nas napi)cned before j a rule of 
 condudt or ..ftion worthy of the imitation of 
 others ; a perlon fit to be propofed as a pattern 
 lor others to imitate ; a peikii punifJied for 
 the admonition ot o hers, or to deter them from 
 being guilty ot the f^me crimes j inaante, or 
 lomething pioducea as an illuttratvon orconfir- 
 matiou of what hiS been ail'erted, or wiiereia 
 a rule is explained by an appLcdtion. 
 
 EXA'NGUIOUS, Adj. [exauguk, Lat.] 
 having no bloud ; having only animal jjices, 
 n oppolition Hifuagsdjiecus. 
 
 EXA'NlMAiE, Adj. [txaminhtus, Lat.] 
 deprived of life. Figuratively, fpuitleft j de- 
 jefttd; alrnoff leduced to de.tih'a door. *' Ex- 
 uminoie iiy love," Thomjon. 
 
 <^ c 3 EX<ANI-
 
 ^ EX ANIMATION, S. death ; ordepnva- ' 
 tion of Itte. 
 
 EXANTHE'MATA, S. [from e?, and 
 »v6;jKa, Gr. a floweringj in Medicine, efflo- 
 i-eicences, or l're,.ki'"^s cut on .he flcin. 
 
 EXaNTHE'MATOUS, A^y. in Medi- 
 tine, putlulcus ; ei-;iplive ; efflorcfcent ; dif- 
 tclouring or torming pui'ules on the ikin. 
 
 EXARTICULA'TION, S. [from ex and 
 'atticutus, Lat. a joint] the didocation of a 
 ■joiijt ; the puttirg a bone o-jt of joint. 
 
 To EXA'SPERATE, V. A. [cxafptratu^, 
 bf exajteri}, Lit, J to provoke a perfon to 
 anger by. fome diiagreeaols or offenfive adlion; 
 to heighten or aggravate a dliierence ; to 
 heighten or increafe the inflammation of a 
 wound or diforder. 
 
 EXASPERA'TER, S. one who heightens 
 br increafes the anfi^-r of a perfon. 
 
 EXASPERA'TIOM, S. areprefentationof 
 2 thing in fuch a li jht as to occafion great of- 
 fence and provocation, " My enemies loaded 
 me with ail the obloquies and exajperatkns they 
 tould." K. Chnrlci. A provnc ;t:on or of- 
 fence which exciic a perfon to violent anger 
 or rage. 
 
 To EXCA'RN^^te, V. A. [from ex a.nd 
 caro, carms, La', flfli] to flnp off flefh. 
 
 ToEXCA'VATE, V.A. [excat'aius, of 
 iexca-vo, Lar.] to hollow, or make f;ollow. 
 
 EXCAVA'TION, S. the ad of fcooping 
 iout, or cutting any furface into hollows ; a 
 hollow, or cavity. 
 
 To EXCEE'D, V. A. [erctder, Fr. excedo, 
 Lat.j to go beyond any limit, meafure, or 
 ftandard 5 tt, excel or furpafs aiiother in any 
 'quality. Ncuteriy, to go too far ; to be 
 guilty of excels 5 to go beyond the bounds of 
 iitnels or duty; to furpafs in quality or 
 Iquantiry. 
 
 EXCEE'DING, Part, or Adj. furpsfling, 
 or going beyond in dimer.fions, time, or any 
 other quality. Sort'etinnes uled adverbially 
 for a very great or remarkable degree. " Ex- 
 ceedirg powerful by f'ea." Kaicigb. 
 
 To EXCE'L, V. A. [exceikr, Fr. txcslio, 
 Lat.] to furpafs another. 
 
 EX'CELLENCE, or EX'CELLENCY, S. 
 [e^celltr.ce, Fr. excchir.tia, Lat.] the poIleiTing 
 any good quality to a greater degree than ano- 
 ther on a cocipirifcn ; parity ; goodnels ; a 
 title of honour uiually given to generals in an 
 atrny, ambafladors, and governors. 
 
 EX'CELLENT, Adj. [Fr: sxcelltr.s, Lat.] 
 pcffclied of great talents or virtues} eminanc, 
 or fiiperior toothers in good qualities. 
 
 EX'CELLENTLY, Adv. very well. To 
 an eminent or remarkable degree, applied 
 both to good ai.'d bad qualities. " Comedy is 
 excel'enilf iftftruttive." Dryd, " Someiimes 
 fo e^ctlieiiily ill." Fope, 
 
 To EXL'E'PT, V. A. [excepter^ Fr. excepi- 
 tus, of txdpio, Lai. J to leave out; to mention 
 •5-s not included. Neuterly, to objedt to. 
 '^' Thits couid nut except agjiuil," Loike, ' 
 
 EXCE'PT, Prep, excluding ; not Includ-* 
 \ni. " God \and his Son eyccpt — none he 
 feired." Par. Loji. ILulefs. "It is.im- 
 poHible to do it, except we know it.'* 
 
 riiiotf. 
 
 EXCE'PTING, Part, not including, or 
 taking a Phing into an account. 
 
 EXCE'PTION, S. [Fr. t ceptio, Lat.] the 
 exclufion from, or not including a perfo'n or 
 thing in a precept, pofuion, or general hw^ 
 " An etceptton to fome." Addij. " In ex- 
 ception to all general rules." Fope. A diflike 
 or I ffence. " He nrft took exception at this 
 badee " Shjk. 
 
 EXJE'PTIONABLE, Adj. liable to ob- 
 jeftion. 
 
 EX' E'PTIOUS, Adj. fond of making ob- 
 jeftions ; peev.fli ; eafily ofiended. 
 
 EXCE'PTIVE, Adj. including an excep- 
 tion. 
 
 EXCE'PTLESS, Adj. without exception ; 
 without raifingany objedion ; general ; uni- 
 ve.'fal. 
 
 EXCE'PTOR, S. one who raifes objec- 
 tions, or makes exceotions. 
 
 tXCE'RPTION,' S. [exceyptlo, Lat.] the 
 aft of gleaning or feleding; tne thing fcled- 
 ed or gleaned. " Saving fome few excerp- 
 //f'»i." Raleigh, 
 
 EXCE'SS, S. [exces, Fr. excejhs, Lat.] 
 that which is beyona the bounds of mcdeiati- 
 on, or thole limits in v;hich virtue confifts. A 
 relative terrr., implying the quantity or de- 
 gree whicn one t.hing or quality has more 
 than another. Applied to p^iTion, a height 
 or violence bt-yond tlie bounds of reafon. in- 
 temperancf, or too great an indulgence in 
 meat or drink, 
 
 EX^ £'S,S1VE, Adj. [exccj;/, exc,jj;'z,-e,Fr.} 
 beyond any Unnits or common lianiJard, with 
 refpeft to quantity, quality or bulk ; vehe- 
 ment, or beyond the juft bounds or mcafuies 
 prelcribed hy reafon. 
 
 EXCE'SSIVELY, Adv. in a great or im- 
 mederste degree. 
 
 To EXCHA'NGE, V. A. [changer, Fr. 
 excainbiare, low Lat.] to change, or give one 
 thing for another ; to give and take recipro- 
 cally. In Commerce, to give money for a 
 bill, or to fettle the exchange with different 
 countries. ^ 
 
 EXCHA'NGE, S. the aft of giving and 
 receiving one thing for another. In Com- 
 merce, the fixing of the aftual momentary 
 value of money between otf^erent countiies; 
 the thing given or received in lieu of ano- 
 th^-r; the plzce where merchsn'.s muet to ne- 
 g.iciate their affairs. A bill of exchange, is 
 ihat which is drawn by a perfon in oae king- 
 dom, on one refiding io another, tor fuch a 
 (um there as is equivalent to a fum paid or 
 cftimated here. 
 
 EXCHA'NGER, S. a perfon who remits 
 money to foreign parts, or deals in bills of 
 exchange. 
 
 To
 
 E X C 
 
 ■To EXCHE'AT, V. A. See ESCHEAT. 
 
 EXCHri'ATOR, S. See ESCHEATOR. 
 
 EXCHF/QUER, S. [efcbr'^uin; Norm. 
 Fr. fdicch.iivrn, lov/ Lat. from fchatm, Teut. 
 a rrcalurej ihe court to which all the reve- 
 nues of ths crown are brought. It coiifilis 
 of two parts, cna of which is the taking 
 cognizance of all caull'S relating to tlie king's 
 coiiers, and is like wife a court of record, 
 wherein all caul'es relating to the revenue are 
 tried ; the other part is called the receipt of tie 
 t::cbeauer, which is pioperly employed in the 
 receiving and paying money. 
 
 EXCl'SH, S. [acch, Be!g. excifum, Lat.] 
 a tax or inripofuion laid by the government on 
 commodities, for fupporting and anlu^ring the 
 exiaenciis cf fhe i :?te. 
 
 To EXCl'SE, V. A. to levy a tax on a 
 perfon or thing. 
 
 EXCI'SEMAN, S. an officer who is em- 
 plyyed in the infpedlion of goods which are 
 fxifeable, and in coUefting the fums they 
 are rated at. 
 
 EXCI'SION, S. {eyt'cifio, Lat.] the ad of 
 cutting ofr, or entirely deftroying a nation, 
 or the jnhibitants cf fonae place. 
 
 EXCITATION, S. [Fr. from cxcitam, 
 Lat.j the ■ €t of putting into motion ; the 
 a£t of roufing or awaicening. 
 
 To EXCl' TE, V. A. [exciter, Fr. excUo, 
 Lat.] to roufe from a Hate of inadlivity and 
 indolence to one of aftion ; or from a ftatc 
 of dejeftion and defpair, to one of courage 
 and vigour ; to put into motion ; to awaken ^ 
 to roufe. III tkftrical Experiments, to make 
 tlie globe OS tube fit to communicate the elec- 
 trical virtue by fridion, 
 
 EXCI'TEMENT, S. the motion by which 
 a perfon is loufed horn a flate of indolent 
 inaiflivity to one of vigourous aftion. 
 
 EXCITER., S. one who (Hrs up to aftion ; 
 the caul'e by which any dormant virtue 
 is put in aftion j or any thing is put into 
 motion. 
 
 To EXCLAI'M, V, N. [exdamo, Lat.j 
 to cry out with vehemence and an exalted 
 voice, fometimes occafioned by fudden grief 
 or exceffive pain ; to fpeak againfl:, decry, 
 or reproach with outrage. 
 
 EXCLAl'MER, S. one that makes ufe of 
 frequent exclamations ; cne that runs down, 
 raifes ocjtftions, and rails apainft a petfoti or 
 thing with vehemence or paflion. " I mufl 
 tell this paffioHite ex-claimer.'" y^ttsrb. 
 
 EXCLAMATION, S. [Fr. o'. exdama- 
 t'to, Lat.] a vehement outcry ; a railing or 
 outrageous renroich of a perfon or thing ; an 
 emphatical utterance ; a fiijure in rhetoric, 
 wherein, by raifiny the voice, and ufing an 
 interjeftion, either exprefled or underftood, 
 v.e teftify an uncommon warmth and paffion 
 of the miud, and exprefs the inagniiude of 
 tne thing. In Printing and Grammar, a 
 point placed alter an exclamatian, and maiked 
 Ihus (!). 
 
 E X C 
 
 EXCLA^VTATORY, Adj. prataififlg, or 
 confiltins! of exclamation. 
 
 To EXCLU'DE. V. A. [exchido, Lst.] 
 to (luit out, or hinder from entrance ; to de- 
 bar cf any privilCj-C, or hinder a perfon from 
 partaking with another • to except to any 
 doftrine j to deny a perio;> a right or enjoy- 
 ment in any grint. 
 
 EXCLU'SIGN, S. [Fr.] the^aft of fliut- 
 ting out. Or denyng admiiTion; rejeftion, or 
 not admitting a principle J an exception. In 
 Natural Ilillory, the hatching or letting the 
 young out of the egg. 
 
 EXCLU'SIVE, Adj. {e^cluff, exclufi<ve, 
 Fr. Irom exc/u/^i, Lat. ] having the power to 
 deny or hinder cnrrancs or admifTion j debar~ 
 ring from the enjoyment of a right, privi- 
 lege, or grant ; not taking into an account, 
 computation, or calculatmg j excepting. 
 
 To EXCO'GITaTE, V. A. [^excogitatusy 
 tiom exccgito, Lat.j to find out OS difcovcr by 
 thought, or intenfe thinking ; to invent. 
 " Excos;i!ated hy the heathen." Hak. 
 
 ToEXCOMMU'NICATE, V. A. [ex- 
 cowmunier, Fr. excomtr,untco, low Lat.] to ex- 
 clude or debar a perfon from having any 
 fellowihip with a vifible church, or at lead 
 from partaking of the facrament of the Lord's 
 fupper. 
 
 EXCOMMU'NICATION, S. [Fr,] an 
 ecclefiaftical cenfure or puniftiment, whereby 
 a peifon is denied the privileges of a church, 
 or from communicating at the facrament of 
 the Lord's fupper. The few inftjnces, if 
 not the total dilut'e of the pov/er of excommu- 
 nication in the eftabliftied^church of late years, 
 is an amiable inftance of the benevolence of 
 ito rulers, and fliould not only raife admira- 
 tion and praife, but likewife conv:r(ion and 
 coraformity. 
 
 To EXCO'RIATE, V. A. [of ex, Lat. 
 oft, and cor'wm, a hide or flcin] to flay, or 
 ftrip off the fkin. 
 
 EXCG'RIATION, S. lofs of Ikin ; the aft 
 of flaying, or flripping of t e Ikin. 
 
 EX-CO'RTlCATiON, S. [from ex ahd 
 cortex, Lat. the bark of a tree] in Botany, the 
 pulling or peeling off the bark of trees. 
 
 EX'CREMENT, S. [Fr. of excremen- 
 turn, Lat.j that which is difcharged at the 
 natural palFaee of the body. 
 
 EXCREME'NTAL, Adj. that which is 
 of the nature of, or voided as excrement, 
 
 EXCREMENTI'TIOUS, Adj. containing 
 excrement. 
 
 EXCRE'SCENCE, or EXCRE'SCENCY, 
 S, [excrsjcence, Fr. excrej'cens, Lat.j a fupet- 
 liuous part growin.' out of another, contrary 
 to the original form of a thing, or the com- 
 mon produftion of nature. In Surgery, fu- 
 (lerfluous and luxuriant flefli giowing on the 
 parts of bodies ot animals. 
 
 EXCRE'SCENT, Adj. [Fr. excrefccr.s, 
 Lat.j fuperflutjuliy or luxutioufly growing out 
 of a thing, 
 
 Cc4 EXCR-.
 
 fe X fe 
 
 ^XCRE'TION, 5. r*^s«B/;», Lat.j in Me- 
 bicine^ the ait of leparating excrements ard 
 cxcrenientitious huriiours trom the aliments 
 or blood, and expel ii2g or ejedling them Jrom 
 the boJy. 
 
 , EXCRE'TIVE, Adj. ['fa-n-vus, Lat.] 
 navmg the power of feparating or ejecting ex- 
 crements, or cxcrementitious humours Iroir 
 the body. 
 
 EXCRU'CIABLE, Adj. [from wrww.vj 
 .tormenting, or having the power of torment 
 ihg. 
 
 To EXCRU'CIATE, V. A. [txcruciatus, 
 of excruao, Lai.] to loriiirc or torment. 
 
 To EXCU'LPATE, V. A. [I'rom ex and 
 frilpatus, La. J to clear trcni any atcufaiion, 
 or »rom a charge of a crime or fault. 
 
 EXCULPATION, S. an apology or vin- 
 Qication of one charged with a }duh ; an en- 
 deavour to vindicate a perlon fiom an accufa- 
 tion. 
 
 EXCURSldN, S. fF'. (xcurfum, Lat. of 
 'ixcuijo, Lat, J an atteti>pr to leave a fetiled 
 
 fe X E • 
 
 EXE'CRABLY, Adv. iii fcch a maMef 
 as to deferve to be accurfed. f igurativeiyi 
 abominably j in a very bad manner; hate- 
 fully. 
 
 To EX'ECkATEj V. A. Iticecrclui, of 
 txeeror, Laf.ij to lurfe as au objedl containing 
 the mi. ft abominable, deteftablc, and wicked 
 qudluKS, Figurajively, to deleft j to abo- 
 minate. 
 
 EXE'CRATION, S. £ curfe ; an impre- 
 cation j or wiihing fomc evil to a perfon or 
 thing. 
 
 To EXE/CUTE, V. A. [exicuter, Fr. oe- 
 cutuiy o* txe^tior, Lat.j to dilcharjje or per- 
 form a commuTinn, or duty, to puta law, or 
 any thiog planned, in pr.ftice ; to put to deatr«, 
 according to the fentence o. the law. 
 
 EXLCU'IION, S. the perforir.ance, ot 
 pradt ce of i thing ; ad'tion. In Law, the laft 
 ft in ciufcs of debr, wherein pntver is given 
 to the plant.fi'to icize the defendaiu's goodi 
 and body j death tnfliaed by law j death j ' 
 fiaughter. 
 
 LXECU'TIONER, S. he that puts in aft ; 
 
 j)ath j a ramble; an expedition into diflant _ , _ ^_ 
 
 faartj ; a progrefs beyond the common limits |'*^^ '^^^t intiids punilhiiient on an oficnder , 
 and boiJndaries. Applied to the mind, a oi- j ^''"^ r-rion or indriiinent by which any thing 
 grelTlon or departure Aom the luojetft a perfon j '^ pertormed. 
 
 is treating of. EXECU'TIVli;, Adj. having the quality of 
 
 EXCU'RSIVE, Adj. rambling; wandc- i !^'^-'"" 'f'g "r ptrforming. AGive, or putting 
 
 Sng ; or deviaiing. 
 
 EXeU'SABLE, Adj. [Fr.] that for which 
 any apology may ne made, and admitted. 
 
 EXCU'SABLENtSS, S. tke quality 
 which rendeh a thing a fit objtft of being 
 pardoned. 
 
 EXCU'SATORY, Adj. pleading in e.<: 
 Ctife; afligning a motive which may remove 
 blame, and vindicate a pcrfon's conduft. 
 
 To EXCU^SE, V. A. [excujer, Fr. excu- 
 le, Lat. J to lelten guilt, by aligning foitie 
 circumfldnce which gijy rcndif the commil 
 fion of a fjult lefs blameable; to dUl-harge 
 a perfon from a duty orobl.gati'^n ; to pal's by 
 without blarrie; to ihakfe an ap. i >gy, dclencr, 
 or vindication, in order to wipe off any a(pci- j 
 ifion, or clear from any imputation. 
 
 into execution, oppoied to ddihera:ti-e or Irgi- 
 
 EXECU'TER, S, he that performs any 
 th;ng pbnneu ; he that executes a defign ; a 
 perion who inflitfts the puniihment fentenced 
 oy i!ic law. 
 
 E.^E'^UTOR, S. a perfon who is nomi- 
 nateo by a teftator to perform the articles con- 
 tained in his will. 
 
 EXE'CUTORSHIP, S. the office of a 
 perlon appointe.i executor oy a tcflator. 
 
 EXii'CU iKi-X, S.a woman Hurufted with 
 the per yrnancc of ihe Wiii of a tcftatur. 
 
 EXEGt'SlS, S [Cr. a wora ufed as an ex- 
 plication of another : Thus in the words 
 If" Jibba<) Futkiri" uled in fcripiure, the word 
 \fathir IS the exegrfu, or explanation of the 
 
 EXCU'SE, S. an apology or plea o^l^'ered in p'y'c vioxd abba, Likewife a comment to 
 
 ■a pcrfon's vindicatiotl ; a realon or motive 
 affijnen lo juf>iiy from accufatiin or guilt. 
 
 EXCUSELtSS, Adj. wi'hmt any mo 
 live or rcafon to frcK from blams or punifn- 
 mcnt. 
 
 P^A'CU'SER, B. one who pleads frr, or one 
 who iorgives or pafies by the taults of, ano 
 ther. 
 
 To EXCU'SS," V. A. [txcuffus, L?t.] 
 jn Law, to e.ze and detain a pcnuri's prn- 
 J>erty. " Uiiie s his goods and r(ta:e be firit 
 
 )Xc:U/SSKjisf, S. {ixcuffxo, Lat.] the r.a 
 of eizing. "If upcn an txcuijion, ihare be 
 BO' gidii; t'> lEtisly." ^y-ff^- 
 
 rXb' RABLE, A-'j | Fr.J fo dfeie/lablr, 
 abon^iBablr, oi wiik-J, as to dcfeivc to be 
 itiirlcd. Figuratively, very bad. ^ 
 
 explain any booii, or autiior's writings, 
 
 EX£GE-riCA.L, Adj. [i^e^eVi^, Gr.] 
 expii'.ning ; by way of eX|)iaij.tuon. 
 
 EXE'iviFLAR, S. (Laij a model, pat- 
 tens, (.r oiigiiial, to '-e im.tated. 
 
 EXE'Ml'LARiNEiS, S. ihe (late-of be- 
 ing prc'p-led as a patte.-n, and worthy ot imi- 
 taiion. 
 
 EXCiMPLARY, Adj. worthy of being 
 ptopoi=d as a pattern for the imitation of 
 others, applied both to pe'fons and things. 
 Such as may deter and give warning lo others, 
 jf plied to p'jnifhment-. Remarkable. 
 
 EXEMPLiFICA/TJON, S. a giving an eJ:- 
 omple In J-aw, the giving a copy, or draught 
 ol ill original record. 
 
 To EXE'.^1PLIFY, V. A. [excrhplum and 
 y.s, Lat.j to illultrate, or enfcrtt, by an ex- 
 ample
 
 fe X E 
 
 S X # 
 
 hhip\c or ir.ftance. In Law, to ttatifcribc orjof the jsarticles of a botly j an ebullittori cf 
 Copy^ j eftervefcencc. •' The inward exefiuatiom of 
 
 To EXE'lVrPT, V. A. [fxetrftas, Lit. ihe blood." BofU. 
 
 ^exempt 
 bought oft'j to free from at y obligation or 
 (duty to privilete. 
 
 EXE'MPT, Adj. freed from fsrvice, office, 
 obh>aiion, duty, or tax, by privilege ; noi 
 liabie to 
 
 EXE'MPTION, S. [from ex and einpt'w. 
 Lat J freedom from any fcvce, obligation, 
 tax, hiirthen'.ome employm ni,orliw 
 
 EX'EQUIAL, A.ij. [:rom exejuia, Lat.] 
 belonging io a tunei:il or ounal. 
 
 EX'EQU lES, S. [n hai? .o fingubr, from 
 fxi-juia, Lau] luifCral rues or csremonies. 
 '• 'I'he iragicai end of the two brothers, vvhofe 
 ?.vfy«'f'."' D'^yd. 
 
 EXE'RCENE, AHj [esr«rff«s, Lat] prac 
 ti(ing j following any ir.e, employment, or 
 vocatir.n. "Ever exercent advoiate." Aiil'iffe. 
 EX'ERCISE, S. [exerc'ij^, Fr. exei-atium, 
 i.ar.J a mouon ot the limb , or aftion of the 
 body, coiifidced as conducive and neceflary ;o 
 health ; fomethiog done by way of amufe- 
 ment 5 an adtion by vt'btcb t;ie boi'y it form- 
 ed 10 gracefulnefs and fl:reng;h ; any praif^ice 
 by v^hich a peri'on is rendered fkir'jl in the 
 performance of a d )tv or dilcipline. " The 
 eAwrZ/e of the foliders." Ufa or aSujl appli 
 cati&n and pradic-. of a thing ; e.np.cyment ; 
 any thing requir. d to be ptrformed as a lafk ; 
 an application oi the mind to ftudy. 
 
 To EXE'RCISE, V. A. [exercje of ex 
 freer, ¥r. c^.erceo, Lnt.J to employ the miiid 
 in c jnfidenng an objcift j to ule fuch action 
 of the body as is necelViry to keep the fini^f 
 ;n aiotion and prefeive health ; to train, oi 
 each a perfon any diicipWn- by frequent prac 
 tice ; 10 tafk, employ, or keep bufy ; to prac 
 tife ; to txert, o.' put in praciii. . "To 
 ^extrcife domition over thim." Mat:, Sx. 25, 
 To praCfife the dilTctci-.t ev.ilutions or an ar- 
 my, in ordi r to attain Ikill in military dif- 
 cipline 
 
 EXERCISER, S. one who afts, performs, 
 or practile?. 
 
 EXERCITATION, S. [Fr. oi exerdtatio, 
 Lat.J exercife ; piac'.ice; a frequent repeti- 
 tion ot I he f-me aftion. 
 
 To EXE'RT, V. A. {exertus o( exero, Lat.J 
 to ule with an application of foice, vehe- 
 mence or vigour ; to put forth or perform. 
 To apply ftrength, foice, or vigour, tiled with 
 a reciprocal prnnnun. 
 
 EXE'Rl'lON, .S. the aft of bringing into 
 aftion, including the idea of force, vehe- 
 m<fice, ftrength, or vigour. 
 
 EXE'SiON, S. [extfui of excdo, Lzt. to 
 eat outj the a6\ of eating out, or eating a way 
 through, " Theophraflusdenieth the exefion 
 of vipers through the belly of the dam.'" 
 Broiun. 
 
 EXESTUA'TIO>ir, S." [ ex^ftuatu:, Lat.] 
 
 foyu 
 E'XETER, S. the AUgtifta of the Ro- 
 mins, Ifca ot Ptoieiriy, and Antoninns's Caer- 
 c-n<., or Pen-caer ot tne Britons, and the Ex- 
 anoefter df tl!e S.ixons, atterw.i'ds abbreviated 
 to Er.c«!}er, and Exeter ; {q called from the 
 river £■?, on which it ffand.';. It is the capital 
 of Devoi.fhire, and called the London of the 
 W. there bein>; no city between it and the 
 Land's-end, which is ic3 miles diftant. It is 
 A-alied round, and was the feit of the Weft 
 S'S'> s. Here feverai Roman coins, and other 
 intiquities, have been dug up. Formerlv thore 
 werelonuny monafter.es in the pl^ce, tliat it 
 was called Monkton. Befides chapiiis, and 
 five large meeting-honfes, ate (fill twenty 
 churches, in the city and fuburb.i ; .imong 
 which if the cathedral or St. Peter, where it 
 is common to fee hundredso f people at morn- 
 ing f-rvice by fix, fummer and winter. This 
 'is a m.iyor town, and a county of irfelf, which 
 fends two members to parliamen''. It has a 
 long bridge over the Ex, wuh houfes on both 
 lides. Here ?re tour pr.ncipal ftreets, (one of 
 which is called the High-ftree')al] centering in 
 the middle of the town and cailed Carrox a 
 corrupiioa, fays .r.y author, of the old Nor- 
 man quatre 'voix tor -voyes, i. e. the four ways, 
 though it would rather feem to be carreau, 
 the fquare. Here is plei.ty of water, which 
 is conveyed by pipes; and an old caftle called 
 Rougemont, where the aflizes are kept. In 
 this city and fuburbs are hofpitals, a work- 
 lioufe, almshoufes, and charity-fchools, toge- 
 ther with :\ county-infirmary, of late ere£lion. 
 Formerly fliips could load and unload at the 
 water-gate ; but the navigation having been 
 obftru£ted, fluices and gates have been fmce 
 made by a£l of Parliament ; fo that veffelj «f 
 150 tons can come up to the quay. In this 
 own is a brifk trade, particularly in ferges ; 
 and her- are twelve companies. It is the fee 
 of a billrop, which Edward the ConfefTor 
 tranflated hither from Crediton. Tojifham, 
 (ix miles below the town, may be looked upon 
 as the port of Exeter. \z gives title of earl 
 !o a branch of the Cecil family. It lies 
 twelve miles N. of the Engiiih channel, and 
 172 W. of London. The weekly markets 
 here are on Wednefdays and Fridays, and an- 
 nual fairs on Afh-VVednefday, Whitfun- 
 iVIoriday, Auguft i, and December 6, for 
 horned cattle, horfes, and almoft every cotn- 
 modity. Of all thefe, the Latnmas-fair is 
 the moft confiderable for ferges and woollen 
 ftuffs. 
 
 To EXFO'LIATE, V. A. [of ex »nd 
 
 Jol'nim, Lat. a leaf] in Surgery, to fcale a bone. 
 
 EXFO'LIATION, S. the aft of fcaling 
 
 a bone; or the ftate of a bone which breaks 
 
 oft' in fcales. 
 
 a fermentation or violent internal cemnlotion I EXFO'LIATIVE, Adj. that which h 
 
 the
 
 E X H 
 
 tnfe powfr of fcaling a bone, or of produ- 
 cing px'olistion. 
 
 liXHA'LABLE, Adj. [from exhale] that 
 which may be raifed, confuted, or diifcrf 
 cd in fnmc'f, or exhalations. 
 
 EXHALA'TION, S. [exhalatip, Lat. ] s 
 fume, confiftir-g of dry, fubtile corpufcle"^, or 
 effluvia, lroren(.d fc^orn hard terreftrial bodies, 
 either by th-^ heat of the fun, agitation of the 
 air, the cledlricity of th« atmofphere, or fG:Tie 
 o;h<^r caiife, afcending by the l.iws of hydro- 
 ftalics, or the repulfive,or eleftrical quality ot 
 
 the air, to a certain height in the atmofph'jre, jdeniiinds imniedijte affiflance and rehef j any 
 where they mix with other vapours, and fa-in prtffing want, dlfcrcrs, or fudoen occafion. 
 
 E X O 
 
 EXHORTATION, S. [Fr. exhortans, 
 Lat.] the motive which can induce a perfon 
 to perform any duty; the J(f1: of l^iyiiia luch 
 motives before a pe.-fon as may iuc.te iiiai to 
 pertorm a d'.ity. 
 
 EXHO'RTATORY, Adj. containing mo- 
 tives to incite a peribn to perform a cuty. 
 
 EXHO'RTER, S one who endeavours 
 to pcilaade or incite a otrfon to perform a 
 duty. 
 
 EX'IGENCE.or EX'IGENCY,S. [ex]gtr,!, 
 Lat J a want, ne<efilty, or difircfs, winch 
 
 clouds, &c. The aft of exhaling, or feuding 
 torth effluvia or exhalations. 
 
 To EXHA'LE, V. A. [exhalo, Lat.] to 
 dravir forth or emit efHuvia, or cxh.;latii>os. 
 
 EX'IGENT, S. [ex^geKi, Lat.j a prclTing 
 bufinels; want ; or an aSair which requires 
 immediate ifliliance and relief. 
 
 EXIGU'ITY, S. [exigultai., Lat.] fmall- 
 
 Figuratively, but improperly, to exhauft, dry j re's ; lirtlcn.-;!? ; flindtrncfs. 
 
 ■up,ordifperfe anv Pioifiure in iteams or fumes, j Eiii'GUO'JS, Aoj. [exiguus, Lit. exigu, 
 
 EXHA'LEMENT, S. an effluvium; a i Fr. j fmall, minute, applied lo fize. 
 vapour ; an exhalation. | E'XiLE, S. [e-il, Fr. exilium, Lat. though 
 
 To EXH.A.U'ST, V. A. fex'>aujlus, cf ex- ^now univeriaily acented on the fiift, it 
 baurio, Lat.] to drain any fluid or liquor ; UDrmtrly was accented indifferently on 
 todra-AT out till nothing remains. je.ther fyiliblej the ftate of a perfon who is 
 
 EXH.'IU'STION, S. the a£l of draining, j driven from his country, with an ord€r not 
 or drawing dry. Figuratively, an entire wafte, j to return, 
 or confumption. . j I'o E^XiLE, V. A. [formerly accented on 
 
 EXHAU'STLESS, A-'j. not to he emo- s the laft, by Dryden on both fyilables, and at 
 tied, drained, drawn Cry, or totally confu- i prei'cnc on the firft I'vilable only] to expel or 
 med. (drive a perfon from a country, with a ftridt 
 
 To EXHI'BIT, V. A. \^exh'ibitus, Lat. j j prohibi;ion not to reurn during; l:fe, or within 
 of exbibio, Lat. J to cfFer to view or life ;! a certain time. Figur;uively, to expel or ba- 
 tn propofe in a full affembly, or public jnifli any Ha.i or gooo quality from the mind, 
 iranrer. j EX'ILEMENT, S. the ftate of a perfon 
 
 EXHPBITER, S. he t'lat offers any thing j banii1)eo his country, 
 as a charge or accufation, in a public manper; ! EXlLl'TiON, S. fex/7/f/o, Lat.] the a£l 
 he that fxpofes any curiofiiy, natural or artifi- j of fpringing and ftretching our with vehe- 
 cial, to public view. Imence and fuddennefs ; explofian. "Will 
 
 EXHIBI'TION, S. [Fr. exhib'it'w, Lat.] not take fire with noife and exHicion." 
 thea£t of difplaying, explaining, or rendering 1 .Crown. 
 
 vilibie and fenfible ; the aft of expofngtoj To EXl'ST, V. K. [rxipr. Ft. of exijfo, 
 public view. In Law, the bringing a ch.irge Lat.] to oe ; to have aftuai being, or exil- 
 or accufation againft a perfon in a public or tence. 
 
 bpen court. Allowance, fil.ry, or penfion. 
 "Driven toiive in exile on a (mall exhibition.'''' 
 &7vif. 
 
 EXHI'BITIVE, Adj. containing a repre- 
 ■fent:iion or difplay. 
 
 ToEXKJ'LARATE, V. A. lexhilarafut, 
 cf exlitaro, Lat.] to cheer, comfort, or in- 
 fpire with gaiety. 
 
 EXHILARA'TION, S. the aft of infpir- 
 ing with chearfulne's or joy ; the ftate of a 
 perfon infpired with joy or g 'icty, applied to a 
 fenfation of pleafure, which is lefs than joy, 
 but cf fomc aflfinitv with it. 
 
 To EXHO'Rf, V. A. \eyhoner, Fr. of 
 txh'.rto, Lst.] to induce a perfon to the per 
 fijrrnance ot a thirg or duty, by laying tuc 
 motive of it, and its confecjnences, before a 
 perfon ; ro call upr.n a perfon to perform, 
 pr remind him of his duty. "We befetch anri 
 
 EXI'STENCE, or EXl'STENCY, S. 
 [exifiencc, ¥t. exij}entia, Lat.] that whe eby a 
 ihii.g has an aftual bsint; ; ihe ftate or being; 
 aftiid!, or re.ll, fruition of being. 
 
 EXl'STENT, A:'j. [exijiant, Fr. exij}e»s, 
 Lat.] in being ; in .iitual iiuitioii of being. 
 
 EXiSTIMA'TlON, S. [cxijlirr.^it'jo. La'.] 
 opinion, eiteem, reputation, or the opinion 
 the public has of a man's talents, abilities, 
 and vurues. 
 
 t'XIT, S. [the third perfon finguiar pre- 
 fent of e::eo. Lit. to go out] in Theatrical 
 W'liii.Tgs, implies that a perion is pone out of 
 fight, or off" the ft-ge. Figuxatively, a de- 
 partu:e from lile ; oeath ; a pafling, or paf- 
 faa/ our of any 'iloCd. 
 
 'eX'ODUS, or EX'ODY, S. [sj out^ and 
 oJc;, Gr. .! way or pafiage] the fecond book of 
 the Old TeH.>nitnt, wrote by Mofes, fo called 
 
 e::hzrt yoo by the L'crd Jcfus." T/if^'i iv. i.'Jby tiis Scptuajiint tranfiator?, becaufc it con- 
 
 uin*
 
 t%6 
 
 bins the departure of the Uraelites from Egypt ; 
 bef.des which, it comprehends the hifioiy of 
 !viofes's birth, education, and flit;ht ; the op 
 preilions of the Ifraelices in Egypt ; MoTes's 
 reiiirn.fronrj Medii ; his coHimiriion to Pha- 
 roa'n ; the plagues he wrought in Egypt ; ;he 
 departure ot the Jews ; their paiTage through 
 the Red-Sea and the Wildernefs ; the man- 
 ner oi" -_'iving the law ; the ereif^ion of the 
 tabu-nacie, and celebration of the fecond paf- 
 fover ; and contains the tranfafiions of 145 
 years, beginning from the death of Jofeph in 
 ihd 2369th year of the wcild, and 1631 be- 
 fore Chrift. The Jews call it Feele Semoth, 
 i. e. Thefe Names, from the two firft words 
 inj|the Hebrew. 
 
 EXO'MPHALUS, S, [from e? aud ofA,- 
 •^tO-l^, Gr. the navel.] In Surgery, a rupture 
 jij the navel. 
 
 To EXCNERATE, V. A. [excneratus, 
 of txonero, Lat.] to unload; 10 difburthen ; 
 to free/from any thing which is troublelome 
 on account of its weight. 
 
 EXONERA'TION, 8. the aft of difbur- 
 thening, or getting rid of a thing which op- 
 preiles by its weight. 
 
 E'XOR ABLE, Adj. [Fr. oi cxora'Uis, Lat.J 
 to be moved by prayer or emrcoty. 
 
 EXOR'BITANCE, or EXO'RBITAN- 
 Cy, S. [exorbitant, Fr. the acT; of going out 
 ei tlie common tracl or road j a grofs or en- 
 ormous deviation frona the rules of virtue ; 
 boundlefs depravity. 
 
 EXO'RBITANT, Adj. [Fr. of ex and 
 orbitOf Lat.J leaving or quitting any rule pre 
 fcribed, but more efpecialiy thofe of virtue cr 
 morality j not comprehentien in any law, 
 " Caufes exorbitant, and fuch as th,;ir laws 
 had not provided for." Hookc. Enormous ; 
 immoderate ; exci flive 5 oeyond bounds. " So 
 cndlefs and exorbitant ate ihedefircs of men." 
 Sliiift. 
 
 To EXO'RCISE, V. A. [slofKi^^, Gr.] 
 to adjure by fome holy name ; to onve away 
 evil fpirits by ufing fome hoiy name ; to free 
 a perfon from the influence of evil fpirits by 
 religious ceremonies. 
 
 EXO'RCISM, S. [E^ofKKT//.©', Gr.] the 
 form of adjuration, or r^iigous '"eremonies 
 made ufe of to free a periori from the influ- 
 ence of evil fpirits. 
 
 EXO'P-CIST, S. [ef^fxij-i?, Gr.] one who 
 by adjurations, prayers, c^c. prctenda to drive 
 3wav evil Ip riU 
 
 EXO'RDIUM. S. [Lat] in Oratory, the 
 begmriing or opening of a fpeech, in which 
 the audience is ptepared to hear what follows 
 with attention. 
 
 EXOSTO'SIS, S. [from £f and orew, Gr. 
 a bonej any unnatural protuberance of a 
 bonf . 
 
 EXO'TIC, Adj. [e^otW^, Gr.] foreign; 
 noi produce:! in our own country. 
 
 EXO'TIC, S. a foreign plant, or a plant 
 growing, or imported Irom abroad. 
 
 toEXPA'ND, V. A {erpando, Lat.J td 
 preal, or lay open like a net or cloth ; to di- 
 late ( 
 
 EXPA'NSE, S. [ex/'anfiitn, of expandi, 
 Lat.J a booy widely extender!, and having no 
 inequaiitic? .0 its fur. ace ; a furface ; extent. 
 , LXPANSiBi'LITY, S. capsbienefs of be- 
 ing expanded or flietched out to greater di- 
 me nnon'. 
 
 EXPA^NSiBLE.Adj. capable tobeftretch- 
 ed 10 a livie extent. ' 
 
 EZPA'NSION, S. diftance or fpace ab- 
 ftractealy confidered, and di'lmpuilhed ffotn 
 cxttrjion, which implies, according to Locke, 
 •' ciftance only then apuii.d 10 the folid 
 par'.s of matter." In Metaphysics, the idea 
 ur laliing and perfevenng diftancc, all the 
 parts wh'ireof exift together. In Phyfics, the 
 ■cl of dilatinji, flretching, or fpreading out 
 a body, whereby its bulk or oimenfion is en- 
 cx'cihd, whether interiialiy by elafticity, or 
 externjlly by rarel iftion. Figuratively, the 
 ft?te of a thing which take up more fpace 
 than ic ufed 10 do j the aft of ipreading out 
 a thing; exent ; or fpace to which anything 
 is fprej.i 'IT f^xtended. 
 
 EXPA'NilVE, Adj. having the power to 
 fpreau or extend to a large fpace. 
 
 I'o EXPA'TIATE, V. A. [ex{>atiatus, 
 Lat, of exputior, Lat.J to rove or range with- 
 out ci nfinement or regard j to prefcribe li- 
 mits; to enlarge, or treat of in a copious 
 manner. 
 
 To EXPECT, V. A. [expcSIo. Lat.] tt> 
 look otJt after ; to have an appiehenfion of 
 iuture g^od onevil ; to wait or fiay for a per- 
 fon's coming. 
 
 EXPECTABLE, Adj. that which may be 
 im.igtnei to be produced by, or to come from. 
 '■ Spiritual operations jre not expeSiable from 
 vice," Brrivn. 
 
 EXPE'CTANCE, or EXPECTANCY, 
 S. [expeSant, Fr.J the a£l or ftate of a perfon 
 who waits lor the coming of another ; fome- 
 tiiiiig waited for; hope; or that which peoolc 
 had .'ormed vaft hopes fiom. 
 
 EXPECTANT, Adj. [Fr.J waiting in 
 hopes of the arrival of a perfon, time, or 
 tiling, or of fuccesding another in any office. 
 ^^ Tht expeSlar.t heir." Sivift. 
 
 EXPE'CTANT, S. [Fr. expeBam, Lat.] 
 one who waits for the arrival of a period of 
 time, perfon, or thing, or the fuccefiion to 
 any place ; or is dependent on the promifes 
 and favours of another. 
 
 EXPECTATION, S. [Fr, expeclatia, 
 Lat.J the a£t of the mind, whereby it has 
 Itnowletlge of fomething not prefent, but 
 waits in hopes of its arrival ; the ftate of a 
 perfon who waits for the arrival of any per- 
 fon, period, or thing ; dependence on the 
 promifes and favours of another for future 
 iood . " Wait thou only upon God, for all 
 my expeBathn is from him," P[al, Ixii. 5. 
 
 Th«
 
 EXP 
 
 The ohjeQ which p*oj>le form great hopes of : 
 the Msffuh. " Why our great typeiiatiot. 
 Aould be calleo — ihe leed of woman." I'ar 
 Ls/7. 
 
 EXPE-'CTF.R, S. one vho vk-aits for, o- 
 has hopes oi, pteietment in ^ dale j one vthc 
 waits lor the arrivd of a pcrlon, thing, i 
 period. 
 
 To EXPECTORATE, V. A. [from « 
 V-M. out ot, ana pettui, ftEioris, Ljt. th* 
 kieaftj to void phlej^tjn, oi other maitrr, which 
 ©uflruifls the vcfftls ot the lungs, by coughing, 
 banking ol ipitting. 
 
 EXPEC'iORA'TION, S. the ad ofdif- 
 thaiging any excrenr.er.titious matter from the 
 breaft j the evacuating, or ireei^i^ the oreafl 
 from phleum, or any vilcid matter, v.hich 
 obftru^s the vefTeh of the hings, orftreightcns 
 the bread. 
 
 EXPECTORATIVE, AHj. having the 
 quality to promote the cleanfing the bieaft, or 
 lungs, of phlegm, or other vifcid matter, 
 •which obft'ui'ts the veflelFrfthe lungs. 
 
 EXPE'DlENtE, OT EXPL'DJENCY, S. 
 \^exj>edtent, Fr,} the fitnels or propiiety of a 
 means to the attainment of an end. 
 
 EXPE'DJENT, Adj. [Fr.] proper to at- 
 ttin any particular end. 
 
 EXPE'DIENT, S, [Ft.] a means proper 
 to promote or forward an end j a fhilt, or 
 means hit upon on a fudden to ward off any 
 calamity or diftrefs, or elude any punifli- 
 ment, 
 
 EXPE'DTENTLY, Adv. jn a manner pro- 
 per to attain an end. 
 
 To EX'PEDITE, V. A. [expedftus, of ex- 
 ptdio, Laf.] to free from any obltrudlion or 
 impediment: to haften or quicken: to dif- 
 patch, or itTue from a publick office. 
 
 E'XPEDITE, Adj. [expedhus, Lat.f^uick; 
 performed foon ; ninable, or aftive. 
 
 EXTECITELY, Adv. with quicknefs, 
 leadinets, or hafte. 
 
 EXP£L!PTlON,S. [Fr.] quicknefs, ap- 
 plied to time or motion. A march or voyage, 
 with intent to attack an enemy. 
 
 To EXPE'L, V. A. [expello,hsK ] to drive 
 cut, or make a perfon quit a place by forcf 
 To t\f.€t or throw out, applied to the animal 
 fundions. 
 
 EXPL'NCE, £. [experfuK, Lat.] coft, 
 charges j moi:ey liid out for any ufe. 
 
 To EXPE'ND, V. A. [eyptndo, Lat.] to lay 
 out, or fpend money. 
 
 EXPE'NSELESS, Adj. without coft or 
 charge ; without fpendina money, 
 
 EXPF.Tv'SlVE, Adj. given to fpend money; 
 proatgai ; extravagant, applied to a perfon 
 t-oftly ; requiring money, appl-eri to thing?. 
 Liberal, generous, giving money freely, in i 
 good fenle, *" This requites an afti»e, ex 
 fcnfivt, an.l indefati|;able goodne.fs." Sprat 
 
 EXPR'NSIVELY, Adv. in fuch a m.m- 
 Ifer 3S requires the fpencing rniic^i money. 
 
 EXP£'NSiVEN£SS, S. ihe aG of profufe- 
 
 E X P 
 
 neff , or fpending money immoderately ; deij" 
 iflf, or "andm, - pT <in id d grr-^t lum. 
 
 tXPE'i^ FENCE, S. [Fr experientia. Lat.] 
 ..r,)- ire ; trequrnt irul ; kno^le;ige gained hy 
 ircquent pr.ttic-, and ootervation on the com- 
 I on ore u r^n- f-S o' life. 
 
 ToEXPE'RlE^fCE, V. A. to try, or 
 pradtiic j r , kii' w hy practice. 
 
 EXPERIENCED, Part. Iklful or wife, 
 oy Sttq i-ni pra (ice or experience. 
 
 EXPE'RItNCER, S. one wno makes fre.. 
 qiient tidf, or exoeriirents. 
 
 EXPE'KlMbNT. S. [experimsnter, Fr. ex. 
 penmevtum, Lat. j trial of any thing ; a trial 
 .Tiade ol the retult ot ceriain applicaiions and 
 motion? of bodies, in order to difcover their 
 eftefis, heir laws, and relations, or to be able 
 to aiiive at the true cau e of the phaenomenon 
 otcafioned thereoy. 
 
 To EXP'ERJMENT, V. A. [experimenter, 
 Fr.J to try, to ditcovcr by trial. 
 
 EXPERIME'NTAL, Adj, [Fr j pertain- 
 ing to, or built u'von experiments; known by 
 trial and experiment. Experimental pbiloi'ophy, 
 i£ that which deduces the laws of nature, the 
 properties ,)nj powers of bodies, and their ac- 
 tions on each other by fenfmle experiments, 
 and tr.als, made with that view. 
 
 EXPERl'iMENTALLY, Adv. by expe- 
 rience; by trial; b^ having been fenfible. 
 
 EXPERIMEN'TER, S. one who makes 
 philoloucal experim rnts. 
 
 EXPE'RT, Adj. [Fr. expertus, Lat.j fkil- 
 ful, or knowing in a.iy particular office, art, 
 oj- bufinefs j dexterous. Ul'ed with in before 
 the oijeil oflkill, but with of ly Pope. 'Ex. 
 pert efatms.'' CdyJJ'ey. This may be ow- 
 ling to the authors imagining it to be de* 
 rived from expert, Lat. which governs a ge- 
 nitive, but is ufed in a difteient fignifi- 
 cation. 
 
 EXPE'RTLY, Acw. \n fuch a manner as 
 dilcovers fkill. 
 
 EXPE'RTNESS, S. fkill. or knowledge, 
 in any sfijir rr undertaking 
 
 F.'XPIaBLE, Adj. [Uom expiate,] capable 
 of being atoned, rendered kind or propitious, 
 by fiifiering or punishment. 
 
 ToE'XPIATE, V. A. \expier,Yr.expiatus, 
 o( expio, Lat.j lo make faiisfaftion or atone- 
 ment for fiiif, by fiifJ'ering th;; punifhmcnt due 
 to them, or by fubiiituting fomething equiva- 
 lenr to, or indead of them ; to avert the 
 threats of an omen or prodigy. 
 
 EPIA'TION, S. [expiatio, L t.] any 
 fuf^'ering enrured, or equivalent made, or fa- 
 c-ifice offered, to invert the punilhmcnc due to 
 fin, and to tender the Dciy propitious lo the 
 cftVnrier. 
 
 EX'PIATORY, Adj. having, the power to 
 .!v;r- thf divine wr.th from puaffhine (ins. 
 
 EXPILA'TION, S. [cxpUut:o, Lat.j rob- 
 brry. Jn Law, thcadl ot comtnitting wafte 
 upun lands to the lots and prejudice of the 
 heir. 
 6 EXPIRA-
 
 EXP 
 
 EKPIKA'TION, S. [erpirarus, of (xpho, 
 LaC.J in Medicine, that aft by which the 
 breach is forced ovit of the lungs j the laft 
 galp, or breath; vapour, breath, or the matter 
 expired j thecelfation, or end of any period ot 
 time. 
 
 To EXPI'RE, V, A. [e^plrer, Fr- e:<pho, 
 Lat.] to breathe out; to "fend out fumes, va- 
 pours, or exhilations ; to cW't, conclude, or 
 bring to on end ; to perifli ; to tly out wich a 
 blalh To conclude, finifh, or terminate, ap 
 pl-ed to tims, or nny period. 
 
 To EXPLA'JN, V. A. {ixplano, Lat] to 
 clear up an/ difficulty in a book, or expreflionj 
 to illuftrate. 
 
 EXPUA'INABLE, Adj. that which may 
 ke rendered more eat'y or plain to the ur.der- 
 ftanding. 
 
 EXPLAINER, S. one who clears up any 
 difficuhy, or renaers a thing more eafy to be 
 underftood. 
 
 EXPLANA'TION, S. an illu'^ration or 
 comment, whereby a p.'.flage is rendeiedmore 
 eafy to be undeiftooH. 
 
 EXPLA'NATORY, Aj. containing an 
 illuliration, or tuch remarks as render a thing 
 eafy to be underftood. 
 
 EX'PLETIVE, S. [expktfvum, Lat. o1 ex- 
 pktus, from e^pleo, Lat, J a word which is ufed 
 merely to fill up a vacancy, or make up the 
 number of feet in a verfe. Do or does, are, by 
 modern poets, efleemed zirmrt expletives, but 
 jf it be evident that they increafe the force and 
 energy of anexpreflion, and ferve tod ftinguifh 
 the lenfcs of a verb, they can by no means de- 
 ferve the name, and fhould be rather locked 
 on as auxiliary words, than fuch as have no 
 me:'ning. 
 
 EXPLICABLE, Adj. that which may be 
 explained, underftood, or rendered mtelHgible. 
 To EX'PLICATE, V. A. [ext/vatus, 
 Lat. ot explico, Lat. J to unfold. To explain, 
 or render any difficulty more eafy to be under- 
 ftood. 
 
 EXPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 opening, or unfold'ng. Figutativelv, the acl 
 ot explaining, or rendering ^ny diffituit palT.ige 
 or doftrine plainer, or more caiVto be under- 
 flood ; the lenfe given by an explainer j an 
 inferpretation. 
 
 EX'PLICATIVE, Adj. having a tendency 
 t9 explain, or tendfer a thing more eafy to be 
 underftood. 
 
 EXPLICA'TOR. S. one who expounds, 
 or rendeis any difficulty more eaiy to be un- 
 derftood. 
 
 EXPLI'CfT, Adj. [explidte, Fr. expHciiui, 
 Lat.] unlolded. Figurativciy, plain, eafy, ob- 
 vious, oppofer, loohjcurt, or implint. 
 
 EXPLl'ClTLY, Adv. pUinly ^ dlreftly : 
 without implication or inference. 
 
 To EXPLO'DE, V. A. [exp!ocio, Lat,] to 
 drive out with con;emp', clamour, and dil- 
 grace. Fipurativrly, to re.ie£t with fcorn. 
 EXPLO'DiiR, S. it perfun who ihews con- 
 
 EXP 
 
 tetnpt by hifTing ; one who rejefls an opinion 
 with deteftation, or contempt. 
 
 EXPLOIT, S. [Fr.] adefign accoinplifli. 
 ed ; a fuccefsful and renfarkable action in war. 
 To EXf LO'RE, V. A. [exphro, Lat.^ to 
 make tital of j to fearch into by trials ; to diC- 
 cover by examination 5 to try, in order t<» 
 make difcoverie?. 
 
 EXPLO'SION, S. -{exphfio, Lat.] the aft 
 of driving out any thing with noife and vio- 
 lence ; the noile made by the burfting or firing 
 ot gunpowder. 
 
 EXPLO'SIVE, Adj. driving out with noife 
 and violence. 
 
 EXPONENT, S. {exporem, L?.t.] ia 
 Arith'r.etic, the number which expretles how 
 often a given power is to be divided by iti 
 root ere it be brought to unity. 
 
 EXPONE'NTIAL, Adj. in Geometry, ap- 
 plied to curves which partake of the nature 
 of algebraic curves, as confif^ing cf a finite 
 number of terms, though they be indetermi- 
 nate, and in I'ome mealure of the nature of 
 iranlcendental curves, becaufe they cannot be 
 algebraically conftrudled. 
 
 To EXPO'RT, V, A. to fend goods fr«m 
 our own to foreign countries for fale. 
 
 EXPO'RT, S. a commodity fent out of 
 the k'ngdom to foreigtjiparts. 
 
 EXFORTA'TION, S. the aft or praftice 
 of fending goods to foreign markets fur fale, 
 
 EXPO'RTER, S. he that fends commo- 
 dities to foreign countries. 
 
 To EXPC'SE, V. A, [e^pojer, Fr.] to lay 
 open, fuhjetc, or make liable, applied to ri- 
 dicule, cenfuie, examination, punifijrnent, ca- 
 lamity, >.pr danger. 
 
 EXPOSI' riON, S. [expojltus, Lat ] th? 
 fuuatfon in which a tniug is placed with 
 refprifl to the fun or air ; an interpretation, 
 commer.t, or treatife, to render the [cn^<i of a 
 writer more pi. in and intelligible. 
 
 EXPOSITOR, S. [Lu.j an explainer. 
 To EXPO'STULATE, V. N. [exp.^ftula. 
 tus, i.f expofliik, Lat. J to debate, reafun, or ar- 
 gue, with a perfon hy way of complaint againft 
 iometliing. 
 
 EXPOSTULA'TION, S. theaftofrea- 
 foning, or reptelenling a thing to another by 
 way of cimplaint. 
 
 EXPOSTULA'TOR, S. a perfon who ar- 
 gues with, or brings a complaint to another. 
 
 EXPO'S rULATORY, Adj. containing 
 the repiele'-tation of a coinpliiaC. 
 
 EXPO'SURE, S. the ii\ of h)ing open to 
 public view and obfcrva'.ion j the (Ijte of be- 
 ing fubjeit or liable to blame, puniftiment, ri- 
 dicule, or djnger ; a fituation m which a thing 
 lies ooeri 'o fhe fun and air. 
 
 To EXPOU'ND. V. A \expcr,o,'Lit.] to 
 inteiprtf, or expl liii any diffiailt ojliage ; to 
 lay open, in ori.er to ex.imine. " He exp(.und' 
 \edh th his pockets." Hudlh. The lalUcnfe 
 I IS a Latinifm not 10 be imitated. 
 I EXPOU'NDER, S. oae who explains. 
 
 To
 
 EXP 
 
 To EXPRE'SS, V. A. [txprejfus. of ex. 
 ■tihno Lat. expr'imer, Fr.j to rcprefent in 
 woras, or by any oi the ^imitative ans oi 
 poetry, fciilpture, or painting. To utter, ap- 
 plied foleiy to language. To declare one's 
 fentioncntr j to Iqueezeout ; to lorce out by 
 preffure j to extort by violence, " HjUcis 
 and racks cannot exprejs from thee — more 
 than thy deeds." johnfon. 
 
 EXPRE'S^, A6]. copied or bearin'j: a near 
 refemblance, applied to the imitative arts of 
 painting, drawing, fcuipture, and poetry. In 
 (jiredl terms, applied to language. Clear, oi 
 without any ambiguity. 
 
 EXPRE'SS, S. [expra, Fr.] a melHinger 
 ient with expedition on purpol'e to deliver a 
 particular meiTage ; a m^iLge ,; a declaration 
 in plain anddiredls terms. 
 
 EXPRE'SSIBLE, Adj. that which may 
 be uttered, or commun'-cated by v>ordsj that 
 which may be ioued out bv fquctzing. 
 
 EXPRE'SS ION, S. [Fr.j the aS o? 
 communicating an idea by language j the par- 
 ticular form, manner, or ilile uli^d in commu- 
 nicating one's ihcughts 5 a phraie 5 the aft 
 of fqueezing or forcing out any thing by picf- 
 fure. In Piintir.g, a natural and lively r^pre- 
 fentation of the fubjea:, or of the feveral ob- 
 jeds intended to be fhewn, whereby the hu- 
 man body, and all its parts, have the aftiun 
 fuitableto it: the face exhibits the feveral 
 paflions proper to the fubj-jft andproper ob- 
 fervation is had of the motions ihcy imprefs on 
 the other external parts. 
 
 EXPRESSIVE, Adj. having the p.ower of 
 uttering or reprefenting. 
 
 EXPRE'SSIVELY, Ad. in a clear and di- 
 reft manner, applied to language. 
 
 EXPRE'SSIVENESS, S. the power cf re- 
 prefenting, or conveying ideas to the mind. 
 
 EXPRE'SSLY, Adv. in diredt terms ; 
 plainly ; pof.tively. 
 
 EXPRE'SSURE. S. [from expreffus, Lit.] 
 expreflion, or the conveying ideas by lan- 
 guage. •' More divine than breath or pen 
 can give expre£iire to," Shak^ The form, or 
 likenefs defcribed. " The exprejjure of his 
 eye, forehead, &c. Skak. Mark or im- 
 prefllon. " The exprejjurt that jt bears," 
 ~ Skak. 
 
 To E'XPROBRATE, V. A. [exprobratus, 
 of w/)ro'o, Lat.j to charge with a thing by 
 way of reproach; to upbraid. "To expro- 
 hrate th?ir ftupidity." Broivr.. 
 EXPROBRA'TION, S. a te^sroachful ac- 
 cufation. " A denial with fcorn, a taunting 
 exprobration" South, 
 
 To EXPRO'PRiATE, V. A. [from ^.v 
 mi prcpiius, Lat.j to alienate; to refign 
 one's property to a thing ; to make a thing 
 no longer one's own. " Vv hen you have re- 
 figned, or raiher configncdy you? exprcpy:aicd 
 will to God." Boy!e. 
 
 EXl U'LSiON, S. the aft cf driving out ; 
 Ihi itaie of a peifon drivf.i cut frtfli a j-iace. 
 
 EXT 
 
 EXPU'LSIVE, Adj. having the power o» 
 
 diivingor foicmg our. 
 
 To EXPU'KGE, t'V. A. [expungo, Lat.] 
 to blot or rob out. Figuratively, to efface, or 
 annihilate. 
 
 EXPURGA'TION, S. {expurgafio, Lat.] 
 the dCt ot purging or cleanfing. Figuratively, 
 purification rrotn ^ a mixiureSjOr from error 
 and faliliooJ. "Arts and Jeatuing want fx- 
 purgr.tian.'''' Bii,-u>n. 
 
 EXPU'RGATORY, Adj. employed <in 
 clearingaway what is noxious, erroneous, or 
 amii's. 
 
 EX'OyiSiTE, Adj. [exqulficus, Lat,] 
 fearthed > uc with care; fo excellent or per- 
 feft as lo iliew great care in the fearch, or 
 greitex^ftucTs ani Jabour in the produii^ion ; 
 fuperlative. "With exquijitc malice." K, 
 Cf.arles. 
 
 EX'QUISITELY, Adv. perfectly ; accu- 
 rately ; completely; in fuch a manner as 
 Ihews no Imail p^ins in ihe difcovery or pro- 
 duftiun. 
 
 EX'QUJSITENESS, S. nicety; perfeftlon; 
 owing to great care and pains. 
 
 EXSU/CT;0N,S. [ex &nd fuSh, L»t.] 
 the aft of draining or drawing out by fucking. 
 
 EXSUD.'i'TION, S. [exfucla:us, of «- 
 /««£), La: J the i.ft of difch.<rging by fyveat. 
 
 ToEXSU'DE, V, A. [exjuJo, hat.\ to 
 difchirge by fwejt ; to diftik, or exhale.. 
 
 To EXSUF-'FOLATE, V. A. [fifelar, 
 Ital. j to whifper, or buz in the ear. " Such 
 i?;^/!^.!!/^ and blown fiirmife.-," ibak, A word 
 peculijr to the author quoted. 
 
 To EXSU'SCITATE, V. A. [exfufcita- 
 iui, Lat. of exujujci'.o, Lat.] to roufe, or itit up. 
 
 EX'TaCY, S. See ECSTACY. 
 
 EX'TANT, Aoj. [cxiani, Lat.J ftandins 
 out or above the other p-rts of ihe iuriace. 
 " That part ot the teeth which is extai.t 
 above the gums." iJay. Public; not fup- 
 prefi'cd J ftill to be met with, applied to 
 booits. 
 
 EXTA'TIC, 01 EXTA'TICAL, Adj. car- 
 rying or tending to fomething without ; lap- 
 turous, or elevating to the h.glieft degree of 
 joy and tranfpott. See ECSTATIC, 
 
 EXTE'MPQRAL. Adj. [exte!i:porain,l.iX.'\ 
 fudden ; without any preparation or pienje- 
 ditatiou. 
 
 EXTE'MPORALLY, Adv. quickly j 
 without any preceding fti;dy or prepiration. 
 
 EXTEMPORA-'NEOU'^, Adj. [exiempo- 
 raȣtn, Lat.] occalioned ; fuJden ; not allow- 
 ing cr giving any time for preparation or pre? 
 meditation. 
 
 EXTE'MPORARY, Adj. [sxtsmpcrarius, 
 Lat.j fudtlen ; quick ; formed ^withcpt It'udy^ 
 preparation or prem.editaiion. 
 
 EXTE'MPGRE, Adv. fudde.-ily ; with- 
 out previous thoyeht or ftudy ; v.'ithput prer 
 me:l;tafion, Sotnecimes uled as ao adjeftjve, 
 " A long exiemporp QifferCation." Sp(£f' }^°f
 
 EXT 
 
 To EXTE'MPORIZE, V. A. to fpeak 
 
 wi-.hout preme.iraiion. '' The extemporizing 
 facul'y is never more out of its element than 
 in the puip't.'' South, 
 
 To EXTEND, V. A. [extendo, \.it.] to 
 ftretch out towards any part ; to fpread ; lo 
 enlarge the furface of a ihing. Toencreif.-, 
 applied to force, ftrength, or duration. To 
 connmiinicate, or impart. In L,»w, to felzf. 
 
 EX TE'NDER, S- the perfjn, or means, 
 by \"hich any thing isllretchei. 
 
 EXTE'NDIBLE, Adj. capable of being 
 made wider or longer. 
 
 EXTE'r-JDLESSNESS, S. an unlimited, 
 or iinboundel extrnfion. 
 
 EXTENSIBI'LITY, S. the quality of be- 
 ing made wider or longer. 
 
 EXTE'NSIRLE, Artj. cap=ib!- of being 
 ftretthed wider or longer ; c.'p'.iile of including 
 or comp-ehendin^ mo't i'"^:. 
 
 EXTE'NSIBLEMESS, S. the qu:,lity o\ 
 being ftrercr.ed wdcr or ionggr. 
 
 EXrE'N-^ION, S. \e'ter^f.o, L^t.] the 
 adl of encreafing ihe lengtl: or l.readth of a 
 thing; the fl te of a thinp: vhsre length or 
 breadth is enrreafed. In Phytics, the diftance 
 befween the extremes of a folid body. 
 EXTE'NSIVE, Adj. wide ; large. 
 EXTE'NSIVELY, Adv. widely ; larscly. 
 EXTE'NSIVENESS, S- largenefs j wide- 
 nzk ; diftiiliven°fs. 
 
 EXtE'NSOR, S. in Anatonny, a mufcle 
 by which any Imn is extended. 
 
 EXTE'NT, S. [extentus'L^l.\ the diftance 
 between (he extremities of a thing ; the fpace 
 filled j Communication ; diftribuiion. In Law, 
 an execution, or ("cizure of a perfon's goods. 
 
 To EX'TENUATE, V. A. {extenuatus, 
 Lat.] to make fmall, narrow, or flender ; to 
 make lean. 
 
 EXTENUA'TIOT>]', S. [erter,-uatus, Lat.] 
 the aft of reprefenting things lefs ill than they 
 are. ivliiigationor alleviation, applied to pu. 
 niihment. A lo's of flcfti, or decay of the 
 bony, in rvTedicine. 
 
 E'XTE'RIOR, Adj. [Lat. erterieur, Fr.J 
 outward ; external ; not elTential. 
 
 To EXTE'RMINATE, V. A. [exte.mi 
 Tiatus, of exterinino, Lat. J to root out ; to 
 deftroy utterly. " To explode and extertr.ir.ate 
 rank atheifm." Be-t. 
 
 EXTERr.lINA'TION, S. lexterminatlo, 
 Lat. total deftrudtion. " Whether dil'plant- 
 ing, or e-trermiiation of peoole." Bacon. 
 
 EXTERMINA'TER, S. [Lat,] the perfon 
 who lays wafte a country, or utterly deftioys 
 its inhabitants. 
 
 To EXTE'RMINE, V. A. [e^emilvo, 
 Lat. J to deftroy ; to put an end to. " Your 
 fvrr.jw and my grief — weie both extermir.ed." 
 
 EXTE'RNAL, Adj. outward ; from with- 
 out ; outward appearaftce ; or that which «p- 
 pcjrs to the fight. 
 
 EXTE'RNALLY, Adv. outwardly. 
 
 EXT 
 
 EXTILLA'TION, S. [from ex znAftUh, 
 Lat. to fall in drops] the aifl of falling ia 
 i!rops. " Extillation of putrefying juices." 
 Dtrh. 
 
 To EXTi'MULATE, V. A. lextimulatus, 
 of extunulo, Lit. J to prickor incite. " Ex- 
 iimulat!% and incites unto espulfion." Bro^vn, 
 
 EXTIMULATION, S. pungency j or the 
 po'.ver exciting motion, fenfation, or adion. 
 
 Things infipid, without any exthnulaUen,"' 
 Bacon. 
 
 E/XTINCT, Adj. \extir..r^us,L^t.-] quench- 
 ed or put out, applied to fire. At a ftop,w:th- 
 out any furvivors, applied to fucceffion. Abo- 
 hfhed or our of force, aoplied to law. 
 
 EXTINCTION, S. [exdnaio, Lat.] the 
 aft of quenchii!g, or putting out, applied to 
 <ire. The ftjte of a t.ling quenched j utter 
 deflruftion ; fucprtffi in. 
 ^ To EXTIN'GUISH, V. A. [.xtin^^uc, 
 Lat. J to put out or quench, applied to fire. 
 To fupprefs or deftroy, apj.iii.'d lo the paflions. 
 To cloud, eclipfe, or oblcuie bv fuperior fplen,- 
 dcr. " Hit natural graces that extin?ulfh art." 
 iihak, 
 
 EXTIN/GUJSHABLE, Adj. that may be 
 put out, quenched, fuppredcd, or deftroved. 
 
 EXTIN'GUISHFR, S. a hollow' cone 
 which is put on a candle in order to put it 
 ou\ 
 
 EXTIN'GUISHMENT, S. the aft of 
 fupprefiing, deftroying, or putting an end to :^ 
 tiring. AbrJition, applied to laws j the aft of 
 taking away all the defcendants or furvivors 
 of a family. 
 
 To EXTFRPATE,. V. A. [extirpatut, 
 Lat. of extirpo, Lat.J to root out j to deftroy 
 utterly, 
 
 EXTI'RPATIO'N, S. [Fr. extirpation 
 Est.] -he aft of rooting out, or utterly de- 
 ftroying. 
 
 EXT'iRPATOR, S. [Lat.] one who root* 
 out ; a d,?ftroyer. 
 
 To EXT'OL, V. A. [extolh, Lat. to 
 praiie ; to magnify with praife. 
 
 EXTOLL'ER, S. one who praifes or mag- 
 nifii's with praife. 
 EXTOR>SIVELY, Adv. in a violent man^ 
 
 To EXTOTvT, V. A. [extorti^s, from eX- 
 (crquco, Lat.] to draw by force ; to gain a 
 conielTion, or to make a difct-very by violent 
 means ; to wreft an expreflion from iis plain 
 and obvious meaning j to gain by violence 
 and oppreiTion. 
 
 EiXTO'RTER, S. a perfon who makes ufe 
 Oi cpp'x-fiion, or violent or indireft means. 
 'EXTORTION, S. [extorfan, Fr.j the 
 aft or praftice of gaining or acquiring by 
 (orce ; ihe force or violence made ufe of to 
 gain a thing. 
 
 " EXTORTIONER, S. one who grows rich 
 Ty vloifnce ; one who praftifss extortion. 
 
 To EXTR.'l.'CT, V. A. [extra^um, fupine 
 ol extrabOf Lar._i to draw ^r t.i.ke cr.s thing 
 
 from
 
 EXT 
 
 from another ; to draw by chemiflry. In 
 Arithmetic, to find the root of any number. 
 To abridge or tranfcribe any paflage from a 
 book or writing. 
 
 E'XTR ACT , S. [extraaus, Lat.] in Phar 
 tnacy, the purcft and fineft part of any fub- 
 ftance, feparated by difiblution or digeftion of 
 a proper menftruum, aHd afterwards into a 
 thick, motft confiftence by diftillation, or 
 evaporati«n over fire. In Literature, an abridg- 
 ment of a book, or a tranfcript of fome paf- 
 fage. 
 
 E'XTRACT, Part, drawn out ; feparated 
 from. 
 
 EXTRA'CTION, S. extraalo, Lat] in 
 Chemiftry and Pharmacy, an operation v/hcrc- 
 
 I X u 
 
 erring fpirlt." Sbak, Roving beyond sny p?ei 
 fcribed forms, or the hounds of moderation ; 
 immoderate 5 irregular; not reduced to rule; 
 prodigal ; or prnfufelv expenfive. 
 
 EXTRA'VaGANT, S. one who is in- 
 cluded or cornprehended in any general rule or 
 definition. In the plural, applied x^ thofe 
 decrees of the popes, which are added to the 
 canon law. 
 
 EXTRAVA'GANTLY, Adv. contrary ta 
 all rule j in an unreafonable or immoderate 
 degree; profafelv ejcocnfive, 
 
 EXTRA'VASATED, Adj. [extravafir, 
 Fr. from exira and i;aja, Lat.] forced out of 
 the vcfTels. 
 
 EXTRAVASA'TION, S. theaftoffor- 
 
 by effences, tindtures, fe^f. are drawn fromjcing, or the ftate of being forced out of its 
 natural bodies. In Surgery, an operation by proper velTels. 
 
 which any foreign matter lodged in the body 
 is taken out. In genealogy, the ftock or I'z 
 
 EXTRE'ME, Adj. [Fr. of fWrrmai, Lat.] 
 greateft, applied to degree. Utmoft, or far- 
 
 mily/rom which a perfon is defccnded, Inithermoft, applied to fituation or time. La^, 
 Arithmetic, extraBlcn of roots, is the method or that which has nothing beyond it, Prel- 
 of finding the roots of ^ivcfj numbers or auan- 1 fing, applied to danger. Extreme unclion is 
 tities. one of the facraments of the Romifh church, 
 
 EXTR A'CTOR, S. a petfon or inftrument 
 ty which any thing i.i taken out. 
 
 EXTRAJUDl'CIAL, Adj. [from extra, 
 Lat. and judiavm, Lat. J out of the regular 
 courfe of proceedinj; in law. 
 
 EXTRAJUDICIALLY, Adv. in a man 
 ner different from the common or ftated courfe 
 of procedure at law. 
 
 EXFRAMUNDA'NE, Ai]. [(torn extra, 
 Lat. beyond, and tnur.dus, Lat. tne world] be- 
 yond*the bounds of this material fyftem. 
 
 EXTRA'NEOUS, Adj. [extraneui, Lat ] 
 not intrinfic or elTential to a thing 5 foreiga, 
 or of a different fublbnce. 
 
 EXTRAO'RDINARILY, Adv. [from fx- 
 traordinjry^ in a manner out of the common 
 method and order ; uncommonly ; eminently; 
 remarkably. 
 
 EXTRAO'RDINARY, Adj. [from extra 
 and ordinar'tjs, Lat.] different from, or out of 
 the common courfe or order ; fomething more 
 or better than common. Uled adverbially, for 
 the fake ot pronunciation, inftead ot.«rraor- 
 dinarUy. " Any things that are extraordinary 
 rare." AddiJ. 
 
 EXTRAPARO/CHIAL.Aij. ^extra, Lat. 
 without, zni paroc hi a, Lar. a parifhj not in- 
 cluded or co.Tiprfhended in anv parilh. 
 
 EXTRAFRO'VINCIAL,' Adj. [from 
 extra, Lat. and prcvincia, Lat ] not within 
 the lame province ; or not within tjie jarif- 
 diflion of the fame perfon. 
 
 EXTRft/VAGAN E, or EXTRAVA- 
 GANCY, S. [extra-vagancc, Fr. extra and 
 ■vagans, Lat.] an excurfion or fally beyond 
 prefcribed bounds; irregulirity j wildnels. 
 an immoderate heat or vi-'lsnce, applied to tfip 
 paffions. Wafte or fupei-rtuous expence. giijarit.es ertuheraacn.^^ Mo or., 
 
 EXTRA'VAGANT, AJj, [Fr. ^i^frai'-Jr EXU'BER^NCE, 3 [F ■ • . 
 gani, Lat.] wandering out of or beyond the l.ai.j ovcig-owih , fu.'ejflu> >. 
 jpiel'vtibed bounds, f' Thp ex'triL'Jinf ^nA^ltk •, abu/idance ; lu^ij.ii - 
 
 is miniftered to people dangeroufiy ill, and 
 confifts in anointing them with holy oil, and 
 faying a form of pravers for them. 
 
 EXTRE'ME, S. the utmoft point, or high- 
 eft degree of any thing; points at the great- 
 eft difirance from each other. In Logic, ap- 
 plied to the predicate and fubje£l in the con° 
 ch'fion of a fyllogifm. 
 
 EXTRE'iVIELY, Adv. in the utmoft de- 
 gree. Very much, or greatly, in familiar 
 language. 
 
 EX TRE'MITY, S. [extremlte', Fr. extre- 
 mitat, Lat.] the utmoft parts, or thofe fartheft 
 from the centre or rniddle ; thofe points which 
 are moft oppofite to each other ; the remo'eft 
 or fartheft part of a country ; the utmoft de- 
 gree of violence, diftrefs, or poverty. 
 
 To EXTRICATE, V. A. [extrkatum, fu- 
 pine of extrho, Lat.] to free a pe;lon frorn 
 any pcrclexity or difficulty. 
 
 EXTRICA'TION, S. the aft of fre.ing 
 from perplrxity, diSlciiltv, or danger. 
 
 EXTRrN.SlC,Adj. [extrir.fecus, Lat.] out- 
 ward ; external; not ij> the fubftance or fub- 
 jed iti'elf", 
 
 EXTRINSICAL, Adj. [extrinficus, Lat.] 
 external ; outward ; from without. 
 
 To EXTRU'DE, V. A. [extrudo, Lat.] 
 to thrufc out ; to drive off by wsy o( violence. 
 " The (ez K^tn been extruded a.ld dr;yen ofF 
 cy thtr mud." Woodio, 
 
 EXTRU'SION, S. [extrujus. La'.] the 
 aft ot thrufting or driving oijr, " An extr^' 
 f;on ar d elevation of others." Burnet. 
 
 EX rU/BER.'^.KCE, S, [fr..m e' a.-.d (uber, 
 Lat. a wen or kooLj a knob or p^rt whitl; 
 rifc3 above the felt of a 'U' ace, fr ' "■ . rrg^ 
 
 ritta.
 
 EYE 
 
 EXU'BERANT, Adj. [fxuierans, Lat.] 
 growing with fuperfluous /hoots, applied to 
 pJants. Luxuriant ; faperfluoufly plentiful j 
 •■bounding in the utmoft degree. 
 
 EXU'BERANTLY, Adv. abundantly.even 
 to the higheft or a fuperfluous degree. 
 
 To EXU'BERATE, V. A. [exul'eratus, 
 cf exubero, Lat. J to abound in the higbefl: de- 
 gree. *• That vaft confluence ani immenfity 
 that exnberatci in God." Boyk. 
 
 EXUDATION, S. the aft of emitting 
 moiflure through the pores of the body, in 
 fwcit 5 the metier iffuing or proceeding from 
 any body in form of fweat. 
 
 To EXU'LCERATE, V. A. [cva/«ra/aj, 
 of exulcero, Lat. exu'.cerer, Fr. j to make fore 
 with an ulcer j to affedl witii a running or 
 corroding humour. Figuratively, to affli£t, 
 enrage, or corrode. 
 
 EXULCERA'TION, S. the aft of caufing 
 or producing ulcers j the beginning of an 
 erofion, which wears away the fubftance, and 
 forms an ulcer. The ad of inflaming or 
 enraging, applied to the mind. 
 
 EXU'LCERATORY, Adj. having a ten- 
 dency to produce ulcers. 
 
 ToEXU'LT, V.N. [fre/rs, Lat.] to be 
 affefted with a high degree of gladnels or joy. 
 EXU'LTANCE, S. a tranlpcrt of joy or 
 gladnefs. 
 
 EXULT A'TION, S. [exuhatio, Lat.] rap- 
 turous delight. 
 
 EXUNDA'TION, S. [ixundatlo, Lat.J an 
 overflowing. Figuratively, a great abimdance. 
 *' The txundation and overflowing of his tran- 
 fcendent and infinite goodnefs." Ray. 
 
 EXU'PERANCE, S. [exuferantia, Lat.] a 
 furplus, or greater quantity. " Which take 
 off tte exuberance, and balance the vigour." 
 Bi'O'wn. 
 
 EXU'VJyE, S. [Lat.] the fkins or Ihells 
 which are caft by an animal. 
 
 EY'AS, S. [niah, Fr.J a young havi^k 
 juft takeA from the neft^, not able to prey for 
 itfelf. " Little eyafa that cry out." Shak, 
 
 EY'ASMUSKET, S. a young unfledged 
 male hawk of the mufket kind. " How now, 
 my eyafmujkety Shak, 
 
 EYE, S. [formerly eyne in the plural, at 
 prefenty«; auga, Goth, eag. Sax, cog, Belg. 
 cug, Teut. ee, Scot, een, plur.J the organ of 
 fight J fight, or evidence conveyed by the 
 fight; the countenance; afpedl ; regard; 
 notice ; attention ; opinion formed by obfer- 
 vation j the place from whence any thing can 
 be feen j view. " In eye of every exercife." 
 ^hak. Any thing formed like an eye. 
 
 To EYE, V. A. to watch ; to keep in 
 view. Neuterly, to appear, or feem. 
 
 EYE'-BALL, S. [eag-a^l, S:.x.J the apple 
 of the eye. 
 
 EYE'BRIGHT, S. See EUPHRASY. 
 EYE'EROW, S. [eagan bregh, Sax. J the 
 hairy arch over the eye, intended by Provi- 
 dence to defend it from any moifture which 
 
 would otherwile run into it from the fore- 
 head. 
 EYE-DROP, S. a tear. '* With gentle 
 
 eye-drops.'"'' Shak, 
 
 EYE-LESS, Adj. without eyes; blind, 
 " That f)f/f/i face." Pope. 
 
 EYE'LET, S. foeiUet, Fr. a little eye] a 
 hole through which Jighc may enter; a fmall 
 h' le wrought in linen, ufually termed by 
 femflrefTcs an eyelet hole. 
 
 EYE'LID, S. [from eye and lid] the mem- 
 brane, or Ikin, v/hich clofes the eye. 
 
 EYE'-SERVANT, S. one who works onljT 
 while watched, or while his mafter is prefent. 
 
 EYE'- SERVICE, S. fervice performed 
 only when the mafter is prefent. 
 
 EYE'-SHOT, S. the look or glance of aa 
 eye. " I have prefer ved many a young man 
 from the eye- [hot .'''' SptSl. No. 284. 
 
 EYE'-SIGHT, S. the fight of the eye. 
 
 EYE'-SORE, S. fomething offenfivc to the 
 fight. 
 
 EYE'- SPOTTED, Adj. marked with fpots 
 like eyes. "Juno's bird in her eye ^potted 
 train." Spenf, 
 
 EYE'-STRING, S. the tendon or nerve by 
 which the eve is held i.i its place. 
 
 EYE'-TOOTH, S. the tooth in the upper 
 jaw, on each fide, next to the grinders, called 
 by anatoai;fts, dogsteelh, or dentes c^nijii, 
 
 EYE'-WINK, S. a quick /hutting and 
 opening of the eye, intended as a fign or 
 token. " They could never get an eye wink 
 of her." Shak, 
 
 EYE'-WITNESS, S. one who gives tefti- 
 mony to fafts which he has feen. 
 
 EYRE, S. [Fr. iter, Lat.] in Law, the 
 court of juftices itinerants. 
 
 EY'RY, S. {ey, Teut. an egg] the place 
 where birds of prey build thejt nefts, o( 
 hatch. 
 
 FAB 
 
 FThe fixth letter of the alphabet, and the 
 ) fourth confonant. Its found in Englifh 
 is invariable, formed by the compreflion of 
 the whole lips and a forcible breath; it re- 
 fembles very much that of the V ; and its 
 fhape in the Iflandic or Runic alphabet is di- 
 ftinguilhed from it only by having a dot in 
 the middle. Its form is the fame in the 
 Roman and S^xon alphabets as incurs, and is 
 by fome fuppo'cd to be made by pacing two 
 r gammas over each other thus (\ i otherj 
 
 3i;3in imagine it to have fprung from the 
 Greek cji, which being wrote with the ftraight 
 ftrcke fiift, ai.d the upper and lower parts of 
 the cmicnn, which ro.Tes it, at different 
 limes, might have accidentally given rife to 
 its form. In medicinal prefciiptions it ilands 
 tor fat, o' let it be made. In Mjfic, the fourth 
 note of the gamut ; and when ftanding at the 
 D 4 beginning,
 
 r A C 
 
 beginning of ilie line, the bafs cleff. Among 
 the numeral leiters it fignifies^o ; and when a 
 difti was drawn over it thu?, F 40,000. On 
 monumental infcriptions, it fignilies/Zii/j, or 
 
 fo"' , . > /• 1 
 
 FA, in Mufic, the fourth note in the fcale 
 
 or gamut, as ut, re, mi,/j. 
 
 FABLE, S. [Fr fabula, Lat.J a tale, or 
 feigned ftory intended to enforce fome moral 
 precept; a fiftion ; a feries of events which 
 compofe a moral, epic, or dramatic poem. ^ 
 To FABLE, V. N. to feign, or write fitti 
 ens ; to tell falfhoods with an intent to de- 
 ceive; to lye. Aftively, to feign ; to deliver 
 in fables and fiftions. 
 
 FA'BLED, Part, mentioned or celebrateo 
 in fables. 
 
 FA'BLER, S. a writer of feigned ftonci or 
 fiaions; a fofter or more genteel word to 
 exprefs a perfon guilty of lying. 
 
 FA'BRIC, S. [ot/a/rifa, Lat.Jabnilding; 
 any thing ccmpofed of d'ltfcrent or difliniilar 
 parts ; the texcure of a filk or fluff. 
 
 ToFA'BRIC, V. A. [of /airifcr, Lat J to 
 build, form, or conftruft. 
 
 ToFA'BKICATE, V. A. {fabrkatui, o\ 
 fjbnccr, Lat.J to buil-i or confliuft. 
 
 FA'DRICATION, S. [fahr'tcatio, Lat.J 
 the aft of building ; conftruftion. 
 
 FA'BULIST, S. [fabulip, Fr.] a writer 
 or compofer of fables. 
 
 FA'BULOSITY, S. \ fabuhfitai, Lat.J the 
 • uality of dealing in falfhood, or telling lies. 
 •' In th\s fabulofiry they would report." Jb 
 
 " FA'BULOUS, Adj. [fabuLfus, Lat.] deal- 
 ing in, or belonging to fables, fiftion, or 
 falrtiood. , r . , 
 
 FA'BULOCSLY, Adv. in a feigned or 
 fabulous manner. 
 
 FACE, [Yr.faciis, Lat.] the countenance,, 
 or fore-part of the head ; the furface of a 
 thing ; the front or foie-patt of a building or 
 thing 5 the ttate or appearance of an affair ; 
 apoearance, look, orcountenar.ee; prefence, 
 or "fight ; confidence ; bcldnefs. " Ignorance, 
 and/flcf alone." Hudib. 
 
 To FACE, V.N. to carry a falfe appear- 
 ance, or play the hypocrite; to come in front; 
 to march againft, or oppofe an enemy or dan- 
 ger with boldnefs and courage. Followed by 
 dcivrt, to deny or oppofe, or put to filence by 
 mere impudence, " He faced men down that 
 he flood ftill." Pricr, To (land oppofite to, 
 applied to fituation. To cover with fome 
 othern-.atter. " Faced witb mzxh\e.'' Jddif. 
 FA'CET, S, Ifacette, Fr.J a fmall iurface ; 
 afupeificies cut into feveral angles. " Like 
 diamonds cut \r.to facets,"" Bacon, 
 
 FACE'TIOUS, Adj. [faceikux,faceti(ufe, 
 Fr. facetus, Lat. of facetice] wittily gay : ukd 
 both of perfons and things. 
 
 FACE'TIOUSLY, Adv. in a merry, witty, 
 and jocofe manner* 
 
 FAD 
 
 FACE'TIOUSNESS, S. the quality of di- 
 vetiingby cheerful wit, or pleafanC and jocofe 
 expreffions or ftories. 
 
 FA'CILE, Adj. [Fr. of facilis, Lat.] to 
 oe attained or performed with eafe or little 
 labour. " Will render the work fac'U and 
 delightful." Enielyn. Eafily cont^uetcd or 
 fuimouiited. 
 
 To FACILITATE, V. A. {facilt:er,Tct.^ 
 to make eafy, or to clear from difficulty or 
 impediments. 
 
 FACI-'LITY, S. [fjcilhe, Fr, facUitas, 
 Lat J eafincfs of performing, or to be per- 
 formed ; freedom from difficulty ; readinels 
 in performing; eafinefs to be perfuaded either 
 to gocd'or bad ; flexibility or credulity ; eafi- 
 nefs of accefs; condefcenlion, or compliance. 
 FACINE'RIOUS, Adj. [corrupted from 
 facir.orcus, of faciiiorofus, Lat,} wicked. "He's 
 of a mofl: fachcmui f^irit that will not ac- 
 knowledge it." iihak. 
 
 FA'CING, Part, oppof.te to. 
 FACING, S. £n ornamental covering put 
 upon the outfide of any thing. 
 
 FACT, S. [faFium, Lat.J a thing done ; 
 an efieft produced. A reality, oppofed to a 
 mere fupoofition or fpaculation ; an a£lion. 
 
 FA'CtlON, S. [Fr. faBio, Lat.J a party 
 in a ftate ; a tumult, difcord, or difienfion. 
 
 FA'CTIOU.S, Ac-j. [faEikux, Fr.] given 
 to faftion, or public OiiTenfions ; loud and ve- 
 hement in fuppoiting any party ; proceed- 
 ing from, or tending to, public dilcord. 
 
 FA'CTIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner cri- 
 minally difcontented ; tumultuous ; or form- 
 ing parties in a government. 
 
 FA'CTIOUSNESS, S. inclinaMon to pub- 
 lic diffenfion ; violent clamoroufnefs in fup- 
 pott of a party. 
 
 FACTITIOUS, Adj. [faaitlus, Lat.J 
 made by art, oppoied to what is produced by 
 n.iturt ; couaterfeiteJ. 
 
 FA'CTOR, S. [Lat. faBcur, Fr.] an 
 agent ; or one who traniadts bufinels for 
 another. In Arithmetic, the multiplicator 
 and multiplicand. 
 
 FA'CTORY, S. a houfe or diftri£l inha- 
 bited by traders in a foreign country ; feveral 
 traders affcciated or embodied in a place. 
 
 FA'CULTY, S. [faculi/, Fr. focuhas, 
 Lat.J the power of doing any thing ; adivity 
 either of body or mind ; the powers of the 
 mind, whether imagination, memory, or rea- 
 fon. In Phyfic, a power or ability of per- 
 forming any thing or aaion, whether natural, 
 vital, or animal; a knack, fltill, or dexterity 
 gained by habit ; a quality or difpotition ei- 
 iher good or bad ; power or authority. " Hath 
 born Wi3 facultks fo meekly." Shai. The 
 mailers and profeffors of any fcience,in London 
 peculiarly applied lo phyficians, or other prac- 
 titioners in medicine. "The gentlemen of 
 ikefaculty." 
 
 To FADE, V. N, Ifaner, Fr.J to decline 
 from a greater to a lefs vigour or ftiength ; ta 
 
 grow
 
 F A I 
 
 frow weak, or languish ; to decay from a 
 iticngcr or brie^hter, to a weaker or paler co- 
 lour. To wither, applied to pi <nts, or otiier 
 vegetables. To die away, vaniih, or wear out 
 gradually. 
 
 F^'CES, S. [Lat. plural of/^r, Lat.] in 
 Medicine, excremenis ; or the dregs left atier 
 -diftilbtion and infufion. 
 
 To FAG, V. N. Ifati^o, Lat.] to make 
 weary or tired : to be fatigued. "Till the 
 Italians began to fag.''^ Mackenzie. Actively, 
 to beat. 
 
 FA'G-END, S. [f.jan. Sax.] the end of 
 a piece of cloth, whicii is made of coarfer 
 materials than the other part. Figuratively, 
 the refufe, or meaner part of any thing. 
 
 FA'GOT, S. {Yr. fagotto, Itai fagod, Btit. 
 and Arm.] a bundle of flicks, or brulhwood, 
 bound together for fuel, or any other purpofe. 
 
 To FA'GOT, V, A. to tie up, or bunale 
 together. 
 
 To FAIL, V. N. \faUkr, Fr. filcn, Brit. 
 faUan, Ital. faclen, Belg. feyhe, Dan.] U, 
 grow deficient from a former plenty ; to be- 
 come unequal to the demand or ule ; to be 
 extinct ; to ceafe, or be loft ; to fink ; to 
 languifh through fatigue j to decay ; to mifs 
 producing i^s cfFcil j to difappnint a pe^fon's 
 cxpeflaiior.s ; to be deficient in keeping an 
 affignation, or in performing a duty. Atlive- 
 ly, to omit the difcharge of a duty j to be 
 wanting to. 
 
 FAIL, S, a mifcarriage, mifs, orunfuccefs- 
 ful attempt, omifiion, negleft, or non per- 
 formance of a promife or duty ; dcfi;ience ; 
 want ; death. " How grounded he his title 
 to the crown upon out fail." H/jjk. 
 
 FAl'LING, S. a depcience, imperfeiflion, 
 or flight fault, owing to the tnfiimity of our 
 Jiatures. 
 
 FAI'LURE, S. deficlence, or ce.Tation. An 
 omiflion, or flip, applied to duty. A flight 
 fault. 
 
 F A I 
 
 t.o make a psrfon languid. " It /aim me." 
 
 FAINT, Adj. {fane, Fr.] void of ftrength, 
 vigour, or fpirit. Fa!e, dead, or void of 
 brightnefs, applied to colour. Slow, not ioud, 
 fcircely a-idible, applied to found. Coward- 
 ly; timorous. "Faint heart never won fair 
 lady. ' Pro-v. in Camd. Rem. 
 
 FAI'NTING, S. a fir, a fwoon, wherein a 
 perfori is fenfelefs for a fliort time. 
 
 FA'INTLY, Adv. in a feeble or languid 
 manner. Deadly, or juft vifihle, applied to 
 colour. Without force, applied to defcription. 
 Scarcely audible, applied to found. Timo- 
 roufly, or without courage, aflivity or vigour. 
 applied to tke manner of aftion. 
 
 FAI'NTNESS, S. languor, or want of 
 fpirits or ftrength through fatigue ; fear ; 
 want of vigour j want of force 5 timorouf- 
 nefs -f dejcdVlon, 
 
 _ FAl'NTY, Adj. weak; languid ; void of 
 vigour or f.rength. 
 
 F/iIR> Adj. [fjeger, S/.x. fager, Goth. 
 faitr, Dan.] beiutiful ; handfome; of a white 
 complexion, oppofcd to black or brown. Clean, 
 pure, or without a^^y foulnefs, applied to water. 
 Serene, or not cloudy, applied to the weather. 
 Equal, or j';ft, applied to nnorals. Not prac- 
 tifmg any unjuft or indireift methods ; gen- 
 tle ; mild , comniiodious ; eafy ; or fuccefs- 
 ful. " Where you may make the fainjl 
 flioot," Shfik. 
 
 FAIR, Adv. gentlj', without violence, 
 joined to fofc/y. In a civil and complaifanC 
 manner, joined to fj'eak. On good termf, 
 free from ilrife or contention, after keep. " If 
 he intends to keep fair with the world," 
 Collier, 
 
 FAIR, S. a beauty ; a woman who is 
 handfome; honefty, or ho.-.eil dealing. "Fair 
 and fquare, Nic. keeps folks together." Hijl. 
 of y. Bull. 
 
 FAIR, S. Ifaire, Yt. forum, ot faiff, Lat.J 
 
 FAIN, Adj. \fxgan. Sax. 0^ f^cgian. to | a public place, where merchants or traders re 
 rejoice, _/i;^K>-, fagen, Ifl. fisgincn, Gi-ib.j ] Tort, .it flated time", 10 rijfpofe of their v^ares> 
 
 glad ; joytul. " My lips would htfuin when 
 1 fing unto thee." Pfal. Ixxii. To be furced, 
 compelled, or obliged. " Caftalio wa; fiin i.> 
 itiake trenchers at Bafle." Locke. I'hough 
 this laft lenfe is nov/ the only ont; in iifc, as 
 Johnfon obferves, it feems to have arifen from 
 a miftake of the original lignification, or fome 
 ambiguous expreflions ; as, " I was fain to 
 do this ;" which would equally fuit v.ith the 
 reft of the fentence, whether it was fuppofed 
 to mean. " / ivai compelled, or / luas glad to 
 do this." 
 
 FAIN, Adv. gladly ; very defiroufly ; wil 
 lingly. «' Would fain have a law enafted." 
 
 Siuift. 
 
 To FAINT, V. N. \ faner, Fr,] to decay, 
 fade, or wafte away quickly ; to grow languid, 
 or fall into a fit ; to fink down through 
 dejeftion. Aftivcly, to dejea j to dc-prefs 5 
 
 Jnd enjoy fame divcr.lons which are ufually 
 c:^".ibited at ft ch timiS. 
 
 FAI'R.1NG, S. fomeihing bought for a 
 p-e!ent at a f<iir, 
 
 FAl'RLY, Adv. pleafantly, applied to 
 fituation. Hf neftly, or without fraud, applied 
 to the mnnner ot aftion. Candidly, or with- 
 out wreiUng the icn'i, applied to criticifm. 
 Without blots, applied to writings, Cam- 
 pletcly jentirdy; pcrfedlly. " All this liiey 
 fairly overcame," S/jcrifer. 
 
 FAI'RNESS, S. beauty; elf^ance of form, 
 applied to the make of a perfon. Honerty, or 
 trcedom from fraud, applied to the manner of 
 a perfon's dea'.injjs. 
 
 FAl'R-SFOIiEN, Adj. ufing civil anJ 
 complaifant cxpreffions, 
 
 FAl'RY, a kind of fabled fpirit, being 
 
 fuppofed to appear in a diminutiv* furm, dance 
 
 Dd 2 in
 
 F A L 
 
 F A L 
 
 , and to reward cleanlinefs, Gf c | FA'LCON, S. l_/aucon,Tt.falconne,'lta}. 
 refs. " To this great fuiry I'll i_fu!co, Lat.] » bird ct prey of the hawk k>nd. 
 
 \n meadows 
 
 An enchantr 
 
 commend thine a£l9." Shak 
 
 FAi'RY, Adj. belonging to, or fuppofed to 
 be given by tairies. 
 
 FAI'RY-STONE, S. in Natural Hiftory, 
 
 I'uperior to all others for courage, docility, 
 geniienefs, and noblenefs of nature. This 
 title or name is applied only to the female, the 
 male being called a taj/'el, or tlercelct. In 
 
 a (lone of an hemifpheiical figure found in Gunnery, a tort of cannon fiva inches one- 
 gravel-pits, having five double lines arifing , fourth at the bore, 750 lb. weight, feven feet 
 from the center of its baCs, and meeting in | long; its load two pouni's and a quarter of 
 the polr. powder ; its /hoc two inches and a half dia- 
 
 \fcde, l\.i\. fdcs. Lit. foi 
 
 FAl'TH, S _ 
 Fr.] an alient to the tiulh of a thing barely 
 on account of the credit or authority of the 
 perfon who delivers it ; an aflent to any pro- 
 pofr.ion, not made out by the dedudlions of 
 rcafon, on the credit of the propofer, as com- 
 ing from God in fome extraordinary way of 
 communication. Figuratively, belief of the 
 truths cf revealed religion ; the lyftem of re- 
 vealed truth held by Chriftians j ttuth or con- 
 fidence in God ; truft in the honefty or vera- 
 city of another ; fidelity, or unlhaken adhe- 
 rence to a promife ; fincerity. 
 
 FAl'TH-BREACH, S. breach of a pro- 
 trife, or obligati'm ; peifiily 
 faitb-brfach.^'' Sh'ik. 
 
 meter, and alb. and a half weight. 
 
 FA'LCON ER, S. [fauconier, Fr.] a per- 
 foil who breed?, brings up, tames, and tutors 
 birds of prey, I'uch as falcons, hawks, G?f . 
 
 FA'LCONET, S. [faUonette, Fr.] a kind 
 ef ordnance four inches one quarter diameter 
 at the bore, 40olb. weight, fix fed long; its 
 load lib. and a quarter; its fhot fomething 
 more than two inches diameter, and ilb. and 
 a quarter weight. 
 
 FA'LCONRY, S. the art of taming ani 
 teaching birds of prey to purfue and take 
 game. 
 
 FA'LDAGE, S. [faldaglum, barb. Lat. of 
 
 ' Upbraid his ■f'^'J] a privilege, which feveral lords anciently 
 
 ' tefeived to themfelves of fetting up folds for 
 
 FAI'THFUL, Adj. firm in adhering to Uheep in any fields within their manors, and 
 the tiu-h of religion ; believing the truths of tiiis not only with their own, but iikewife 
 revealed relijiion ; true to any obligation or their tenants Iheep. 
 
 co'itraci ; honeft or upright in the dilchar^e FA'LDFEE, S. a compofition paid antient- 
 of any duty. h ^'i tenants for the piivilege of foldage. 
 
 F/il'THFULLY, Adv. with firm belief in 
 the tru'h of revealed religion ; with lull con- 
 fidences in the promifcs of God ; with llridt 
 adherence to rfuty, loyalty, and the difcharge 
 of any r.bligition or promife ; hontftly. 
 
 FArTHFULNESS,S. any principle which 
 a perfon may confide in ; truth or veracity ; 
 firm adherence to a duty as a luhje£V, 
 
 FAI'THLESS, Adj. without oclief in the 
 revealed truths of religion ; without tiuftor 
 corifidence in the afiurances, or promiies, ot 
 another; peifidious ; dlHoyal ; not true to 
 <iuty, promife, or l^.yaliv. 
 
 t A1'THLESSNESS,'S. treachery; per- 
 fidy. In Divinity, unbelief of the truths qf 
 jeveUtioii. 
 
 FAK.E, S. among feamen, a coil of rope. 
 
 FALCA'DE, S. [falx, fains, L^i.] in 
 Horfemanfiiip, that a£lion oJ the haunches and 
 legs of a horfe, wherein they bend low on a 
 ftop and a half ftop. 
 
 FALCA'TED, Adj. f/a/caras.Lat.] hook- 
 ed ; bent like a rea[jing-hook or fcyihe. Ap- 
 plied by .tfironomers to the appearance which 
 the moon nukes whle moving fioin the 
 conjunction to the oppnfifioii. 
 
 FALfA'TlON, S. [/jA^^:.s, Lat.] crook- 
 ednef'-j in a crooked lorrn, relembling that of 
 -4 fcythe, or reapin)i-hook. '' With a long 
 falcatiort or forcipated tiiii." Eroiur., 
 
 lA^DING, S. a kind of coarfe cloth. 
 
 FA'LD-STOOL, a kind of ftool placed at 
 the out-fide of the altar, on which the kings 
 ot Enghnd kneel at their coronation. 
 
 To FALL, V. N. [preter, I feil, or have 
 falUii, Ot fiiln, part. pari", fallen ; oi falloy Jfl. 
 \feal:cn, Sax, ■vallan, Belg. fal'an, Teut.J to 
 delccnd by accident from a nigher to a lower 
 place ; to drop ; to move down any defcent ; 
 to die ; to be degraded from a high Aation to 
 a low one ; to oecreafe or diminifh in value, 
 weight, or quantity ; to enter in any (late of 
 the body or mind. " Fall aOeep." Shok. 
 " Fell into fuch a rage," Kiiolles. To fink 
 below a thing in comparifon, ufed withyfcorr. 
 'To fall WiUiiy, to langui/h, or grow faint ; to 
 grow lean, or decreafe in bulk. Ufed with 
 lio-ji-n, to bow, or bend as a fuppliant ; to fink, 
 or tumble profirate on the ground. To fall on, 
 to begin to do a thing eageily ; to afiault, or 
 make an attack. To fall out, to quarrel j it* 
 happen ; to drop. 
 
 FALL, S. [from the verb, yi/V, 111.] the 
 aft of dropping from a higher place; the att 
 ot tumbling proflrate upon the ground ; the 
 vii,)ence futfered from dropping accidentally 
 'rom a high place ; ruin ; lofs of greitnefs ; 
 decie^fe of price or value. Lellening of 
 found, or csaence, applied to mufic. A ca- 
 tc'radt, cafcade, or defcent of water fiom a high 
 
 F.'^'LCHION, S. [the u is pronounced j place ; the outlet of a current into any other 
 broad, like au, faucbiortt Fr.] a (hoit ciooked 1 watci ; autumn, or the time when the leaves 
 fword or icvmitar. I drop or tali fr oan ihe trees, la Divinity, the 
 
 ! ilate
 
 F A L 
 
 ftate of our firft parents, wherein, on account 
 of eating the forbidden truit,they loft the hsp- 
 pinefs of living in Paradife ; and, according 
 to Milton, " brought death into the world, 
 and all our woe." 
 
 FALLA'CIOUS, Adj. {falbcieux,Vr.fa! 
 lax, fallacii, Lit. J producing miftakcs ; full of 
 fophiftry ; ratfir.g talfg expeftations } deceit- 
 ful. " That /j//aao«J fruit." Par. Loft. 
 
 FALLA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to deceive by fal reappearances, or tend- 
 ing to lead into miftakes by fophiftry. 
 
 FA'LLACY, S. {falUce, Ft.fallacia.Lit.] 
 an argunrient made ufe of to lead a perfon into 
 an error j a fophifm. 
 
 FALLIBl'LITY, S. [from/a/Zs, Lat.] li- 
 ab'enefs or poftibility of being deceived, or of 
 being in an error. 
 
 FA'LLIBLE, Adj. [/alio, Lat.] liable to 
 error, or miftake. 
 
 FA'LLING, S. an indenting, or hollow in 
 a furface. " The fev<eral prominences and 
 yiZ/rng' in of the feitHres." Addif. 
 
 FA'LLING-SICKNESS, S. See Epi- 
 lepsy. 
 
 FA'LLOW, Ad. [fahiue, Sax. valutve, 
 Bd^.faal ox fal, Teut.] a pale red, or yellow, 
 applied to colour. In Huibandry, unfowed j 
 or left to reft after certain yeirs of tillage ; 
 plowed, but not fowed, or prepared for a le- 
 cond plowing. Figuratively, unplowed, un- 
 cultivated, applied to ground. Unoccupied, or 
 negleded, " Let thfi caufe lie fallow.'''' 
 Hudib. 
 
 FA'LLOW, S. [fealga,fealk, Sax.] ground 
 plowed in order for a fecond plowing j or land 
 unriiled, and fuft'ered to reft, after bearing a 
 certain number of years. 
 
 To FA'LLOW, V. N. to plow, in order 
 to a fecond plowing, or an interval of reft 
 before feed be fown a fecond rime. 
 
 FA'LLOWNESS, S. the act of letting 
 ground reft before it be flocked again. Figu- 
 ratively, barrennefs. 
 
 FALSE, Adj. [falfu!, Lat. faux, fauffe, 
 Fr.] reprefenting a thing to be what it is notj 
 fii.'^itious, or counterfeit i treacherous, or un- 
 juft j hypocritical or feigned. 
 
 FALSE-HEARTED, Adj. treacherous, 
 oppofed to faithful. 
 
 FA'LSEHOOD, S. [from fa'^e and had. 
 Sax. ftate or condition] the letting down, or 
 uttering in words the agreement or difagree- 
 ment of ideas otherwife than it is ; or the re- 
 prefenting a thing to be difl'crent from what 
 we think it to be j want of faithfnlnefs or 
 honefty ; a lie, or the faying that a thing is 
 what we are confcious it is not. 
 
 FA'LSELY, Adv. contrary to truth j or 
 roneoudy; petfidioufly. 
 
 FA'LSENESS, S. contrariety to truth, ho 
 neP.v, or faithfulnefs. 
 
 FaLSIFICA'TION, S. the aft of altering 
 the words of a fcntence io as to make it (jg- 
 nily I'omcthing contrary to the opinion of the 
 
 F A M 
 
 author; confradiftion, or confutation. '<^To 
 preferve his ftory from deteflion oi falftfica- 
 t'lon" Notes on the Odyjf. 
 
 F ALSIFI'ER, S. one who alters the words 
 ')r fcntencts of an author, fo as to make the 
 lenfe contrary to what it wa? originally ; one 
 who counterfeits, or makes a thing appe.ir to 
 oe what it is not j a liar j or inventor of falfe- 
 hoods. 
 
 To FA'LSIFY, V. A. U^fifier, Fr.] fo 
 counterfeit ; or forge ; to aiter the ienfe of a 
 book. Figuratively, to confute, or prove falfej 
 to violate by treachery. " Falfiffn.g the moft: 
 important truft." D»cay of Pie y. To lie, or 
 tell an untruth. 
 
 FA^LSITY, S. [falftas, Lat.] the repre- 
 (enting a thing to be what it is not j a falfe- 
 hood, or lye. Figuratively, an etror. 
 
 To FA'LTER, V. N. [faltar. Span, of 
 Jjlta, Span, a dcfeft ; 'vaultur. Id. a ftam- 
 mererj applied to pronounciation, to hefitate, 
 or ftammer in freaking. To fail in any aft 
 of the body or mind. Aftively, to fift or 
 deanfe. " Birley for malt muft be bold— 
 and clein/a/r«m/lrom foulnefs." Mortim. 
 
 FA'L 1 cRlNGLY, Adv. with hefitation 
 and ftammering, applied to utterance of words. 
 With languor, feeblenefs, or weaknefs, ap- 
 plied to any art of the body or mind. 
 
 FAME, S. \fama, Lat, <f)a^a, Gr.] ho- 
 nourable report. Figuratively, rumour, or 
 leport. 
 
 FA'MED, Part, fpoken of with honour 
 and efteem. 
 
 FA'iVIELESS, Adj. inglorious ; not known 
 for any produdion ot the underftanding, in- 
 vention, or artion ; of no repute. 
 
 FA'MILIAR, Adj. [fjmiiiaris, Lat.] be- 
 longing to a family ; afFaoie, or eafy in con- 
 verlation j with fieedom ; accuftomed ; com- 
 mon J frequent ; too free. " A poor maa 
 found a pneit familiar with his wile." Cam- 
 den, 
 
 FA'MILIAR, S. one long and intimately 
 acquainted. " A noble gentleman, and my 
 familiar." Shak. A demon, fuppofeJ to be 
 at the devotion, or to attend the call, of a 
 perfcn, 
 
 FAMILIA'RITY, S. an eafinefsand free- 
 dom of accefs and difcuurfe, grnerally obfervej 
 betv;eeij perfons long and intmiately acquaint- 
 ed, being free from conftraint, formality, and 
 ceremony. Figuratively, h.ibit. 
 
 To FAMILIARi'ZE, V. A. [familiarifir^ 
 Fr.] to wear away the imprffTionb of awe, or 
 diftant relpedt, i ccalioned by novcity ; to 
 bringdown from a ftate of diftant fuperiority 
 to that of a perfon long known and joined in 
 the bands ot friendfhip. 
 
 FA'MILY, S. thofe who live in the fame 
 houle ; or dcfcend from the fame progenitor. 
 
 FA'MINE, S. [Fr. from fames, Lat. hun- 
 ger] Icarcity of food j diftrefs for want of 
 netiffary food. 
 
 To FA'MISH, V. A. [fames, Ut.famlt,
 
 FAN 
 
 •111 Fr.] to kill with hunger, or want of food ; 
 to kill with want of fomething neceffary ic 
 fupport life. " Famljb him of breath, if not 
 cf bread." Par. Lofi. To die for wdnt of 
 food. Figuratively, to be in great oiftiefs f&r 
 want of food. 
 
 FA'iMISHMENT, S. the pain of hunger. 
 " To fuft'er thiift anifjmifhmtnt.^^ Hake-w. 
 Not r:iuth ufed. 
 
 FA'MOUS, Adj. [fameux, Fr. fuwofus. 
 Lat.J much talked of and praifed forrenriitk- 
 able virtue, great exploits, ufefol inventi^jnj, 
 or ingmioua compufuions. Sorredir.es ap- 
 plied lo bad, as well as good atlions, but with 
 imi vopriety. *"' Farr,cus pirates." Shak. 
 
 FA'MOUSLY, Adv. fpoken of with 
 efteem, and generally Isnown tor fomething 
 extraordinary. 
 
 FA'MOUSNESS, S. great renown or 
 fame, 
 
 FAN, S. [i-srAiu Lat ] a thin Ikln, piece 
 of paper, taffety, or other light fluff, cut fe- 
 hucirculariy, plaited in fuch a n:annsr that 
 the plaits may be alternately inwards and 
 outwards, mounted on feveral little flicks oi 
 wood, ivory, tortolfefliel!, &c. which are 
 joined together by a rivet at the other end, 
 and ufed by the ladies to defend their com- 
 plexions from the fun, cr to raife wind and 
 cool themfelves, L^c. Figuratively, any thing 
 fpread out in a ttiangijhr form, with a broad 
 bale, refenibllng a boy's lan ; any thing by 
 which the air is movf d ; wings. ""Stretch 
 his feathered f^ni" D>yd. A.n inflrument 
 by v/hich chaff is cleared or winnowed Jrom 
 the corn, from -van, Fr. An inftrunient to 
 blow up cr raife a fire. " A fan to inflame 
 that !ove>" Ilo'.ksr. 
 
 To FAN, V. A. to cool by the motion of 
 a fan j to put the air into motion ; to raife a 
 fire. To feparate, or winnow. 
 
 FANA'TIC, Adj. [fartM'tgue, Fr. ftina 
 thus, Lat j entertaining wild, i-Tiaginary, and 
 enthufiartic notions in religion. 
 
 FANA'TIC, S. a perfon who has wild 
 notions in religinn ; in enthufiaft. 
 
 FANA'TICISM, S. religious madncfs. 
 FA'NCIFUL, Avij. enterc-.ining odd and 
 chimerical notionj ; changing cr taking up an 
 opin'on, without ccnfulting reafon. 
 FA'NCIFULLV, Adv. whimflcaliv. 
 FAN'CIFULNESS, S. the hdbit of fol- 
 lowing the wild no;ions of tlic f.Ancy or ima- 
 ginatiin, rather than thofe ol reafon. 
 
 ' FA'NCY, S. [contratftfcd from /■^r.tafy ; 
 pkantaJiiJt Lat. <fiav/tt£ris, Gr.] a power or fa- 
 culty oi the mind, which compounds iiieas re- 
 ceived by the fenfes, and by tijat means forms 
 o^jefHf, perfo.if, repiefentations, and other 
 idsas, whic!i have no exigence without us ; 
 the iraaginatton ; an opinion formed barely 
 by the operatic.T of the imagiaalion, wi'h- 
 out the inttrpofi'-ion of reafon ; an idea, 
 imaje, or concep'ion of the mind ; a liking, 
 jac.iiiatlcn, or fondnefs j msre humour, 
 
 FAR 
 
 whim, or c?price J fomething, or inveniio 
 whicn p!eafes. 
 
 To FA'NCY, V. A. to conceive or form 
 an idea of m the mind. To like, or grow 
 fond of. 
 
 FA'NCY-SL'^K, Adj. not really, but only 
 -jmaginatily fick, applied to a perfon who is in 
 good hcclth, but fancies, or imagines the con- 
 trary. 
 
 FANE, S. [Fr. /rn««, Lat.] a tclnple, or 
 plaie oevored td religious worftiip. 
 
 FA'NFARON, S. [Fr.] a bully 5 a hec- 
 tor ; one who makes a great parade, or often- 
 tatiouf boaft of i.is abilities, and promiies more 
 tlian he can perform. " The charader of a 
 yiir/jrcn, or hector." Diyd. 
 
 f ANFARO^A'DE, S. [itom fanfaron'] a 
 bliifter; an oflentatious Ihew, or boaft of a 
 per('on's abilities and virtues. " The. farfo- 
 ronade of Mcnf. Bo-jffjers." Siv'tft. 
 
 To FANG, V. A. [faniran, S^x. tangre, 
 Belg.] to feize; to gripe. " Deftrudtion/rfB^ 
 mankind !" ULak. 
 
 FANG, S. [from the verb] the long tufk 
 of a boar; the noils or ciaA'Sof a bird or beaft. 
 In Botany, any flioot or tendril, by means of 
 which one plant takes hold of another. 
 
 F ANGLE, S. [fnigan. Sax. to attempt. 
 Skinner] a liHy attempt ; a frivolous ©r tri- 
 fling fcheme. At prefect rarely ufed, unlefs 
 joined with the word new ; as newfangltt, 
 nenv f.Tngltnefs. 
 
 FANGLtD, Part, or Adj. having teeth } 
 ilfo gaudy ; ridiculoufly or oftentatioufly 
 fhewy and ornamented. " In this fangled 
 world." Shak. 
 
 FA'NG LESS, Adj. without fangs, or teeth. 
 " Like ifa-.gltfs boar." Shak. 
 
 FA'NiNiEL, S. [/<j«o«, Fr.] an ornament, 
 like a fcart, worn by a pneft round his arm 
 v.hfn he fays rn^fs. 
 
 FA'NNER, S.one that makes ufe of a fan. 
 Fa'NTASIED, Part, cr Acj. troubled with 
 Olid imi^;nai;v-in; ot toiicies- 
 
 FAN FA'SW, S. See Phantasm. 
 FANTA'SilO, or FaNTA'STICAL, 
 Aoj. \ fjiitaflKfue, Fr.j imaginary j irrational; 
 C3}r;at!us 5 governed by whim aad fancy j 
 conceited j affected. 
 
 FANTA'STICALLY, Adv. in a manner 
 which can exift only in innagination j caprici- 
 oufiv ; v/ith grfat unfteaainels. 
 
 f'aNTA'STICALNESS, or FANTA'S. 
 TICKNESS, S. whimficalnefs ; capriciouf- 
 nefs. 
 
 FA'NTASY, S. {far.ta\f>e, Fr. phantnf.a, 
 Lat. ip::'/icriit, Gr.J S-c Fancy, and 
 
 Ph AN TASY . 
 
 FA'INTOM, S. See Phantom. 
 
 FAR, Adv. [/^-'^ Ssx. jai fare. Sax. a 
 journey, (romfjran, lo go, fjira, Gc>tb. yiirr, 
 F,r(e] to a great dillance, confjJered either in 
 length, or as extending on all fice« j ilmoft ; 
 ill a great meafure, "Tne day wasy".ir fpent.'* 
 jtidga. 
 
 FAR,
 
 F A Pv 
 
 FAR, Adj. diftant from any place men 
 
 tioned or implied. U Ted with o^, both as an 
 
 adverb, and as an adjeftive. In horfeman- [<:"^f'**te lanH j to rent the cuftoms or taxes of 
 Ihip, the f.iy fide of a horfe, is that which is 
 fartheft from the rider when mounting, i. e. 
 the right fide. 
 
 To FARCE, V, A. \fcirdr, Fr. farclo, 
 Lat.J to ftutFwith different ingredients. Fi- 
 guriiively, to extend, or (well out by pompous 
 additions. '^ The farced m\e." Shak. 
 
 FA?«.CE, S. [/jrf fr, Fr. to mock. Seethe 
 verbj a dramatic entertainmer.t of the comic 
 kind, never exceeding three a<£ts, but confined 
 to the eftabliilied laws of the drama j fome- 
 times applied to a piece fluffed with wild and 
 ludicrous conceits, c 'pable of raifing laughter. 
 Figuratively, any incident or circuniftance, 
 •which is rather diverting than ferious, and 
 rather ridiculous than rational. 
 
 FAR'CICAL, Adj. belonging, or fultable 
 to a farce. 
 
 FAR'CY, S. [firc'n, Fr. farcina, Ital.] a 
 difeafe in horfcs or o^rcn, which vitiates their 
 mafs of blood, 
 
 FAR'DEL, S. [fardello, Ital./ar^.'i.v, Fr.] 
 a bundle, or burluen, " Who would thefe 
 fur.ieis bear." Shi^k. 
 
 To FARE, V, N, [faran,S!X.f-fre, Ifl. 
 •varen, Belg. f::bran, Teut.j to go ; to wall: 
 or move trom one place to another. " So on 
 ht fires." Par. Lt/?- To be in any ilate or 
 condition, either good or bad. To live, ap- 
 plied to the matter of eating, " The rich 
 
 FAS 
 
 To FARM, V. A. [from the noun] to let 
 or hire land of another perfon for tillage ; to 
 
 manyirr^;/ fumptuoufly." Luiexvi. 39. 
 
 Fare, S, the pi ice paid by, or due from, 
 a peilon for his paflage in any carriage, whe- 
 ther by land or by water; food or provifion 
 ioi eatinj;. 
 
 FA'REWELL, Adv. [this word was ori- 
 ginnlly the isiperative of the ■vtih fare, joined 
 eliipticrflly to ivei/, for fjre you well ; but 
 is by cuftom ufed as an adverb, both by a 
 perfon going away, snd by a perfon iett be- 
 hind] a compliment ufed at parting, whereby 
 we wifh the peri\jn well, whom we take 
 leave of. 
 
 FA'REWELL, S. leave ; the ad of part- 
 ing. " Farewell, a long fareiveH to all my 
 ilory." Shak. Scmetimss uled as an adjec- 
 tive, for iomething ii> which leavK is taken. 
 *' Infirei-jel' papers." Spe^. No. 445. 
 
 FA'RFETCH, S. a iiratagem ; or aitifice. 
 *' Their pohlic fa frUhes.''^ Hudib. 
 
 FA'RFETCHEO, Adj. brought from 
 places at a gre-it eiltance off ; fought with 
 care and pains ; not naturally introduced. 
 
 FARINA'CEOUS, Adj.' [farina, Lat.] 
 mealj mealy ; refembling meii. " The.far'i- 
 Tiaricus, or mealy feeds." A'-buthn. 
 
 FARM, S. [ferme, Ft.feon:, Sax. viftuals] 
 ground occupied in lilbie, whether it be a 
 perlon's own, or hired ; ihe ilace of lands let 
 out at a certain annual fum ; a certain fum of 
 money paid a government lor the right to its 
 cuilo3^s Of taxes. 
 
 a ftate at a certain rate. 
 
 FA'RMER, S. one who cultivates his 
 own, or hired land ; one who advances money 
 for, or rents the taxes of a (tate. 
 
 FA'RMING, S. the art of cultivating 
 land, and breeding cattle 
 
 FARQU'HAR, [George] was the fon 
 of a clergyman, and born at Londonderry in 
 1678. He gave fuch early proofs of genius, 
 ihut before he was ten years of age he pro- 
 duced fpecimens of poetry, in which the forc^ 
 of thinking, and elegance of expn-ffion, were 
 evident prelages of his future excellence. He 
 was an actor as well as a writer, and had alfo 
 for fome years a commiflion in the army j and 
 as his dramatic, as well as other works are in 
 almoft every body's hands, and the former' 
 often repielented on the ftage, they will fpealc 
 his merit better than any thing we can fay 
 here. It may not, however, be improper to 
 acquaint the reaier, th:it his firil com.-dy. 
 Love in a Bottle, appeared on the ftage when 
 he was but twenty years of sge, an! that he 
 died before he was thirty, 
 
 FARRA'GINOUS, Adj. [farrago, fur- 
 raginis, Lat.J compofed of diiTcieni. things, vC 
 pcrfons; haddled. *^ A farraginous co\\e.€i\ai^ 
 of all Conditions." Broivn. 
 
 FARRA'GO, S. [Lat.J a mixed mafsj a 
 medley. 
 
 FAR''RIER, S. [ferr'ter, Fr, from ferre, 
 Yx, ferrarius, Lat. itom ferrum, Lat. ironj one 
 who makes fhoes for, and puts rhem on, 
 horfes ; one who profefTes to cure the difeafes 
 incident to horfes. 
 
 To FAR.'R1ER, V, A. to praftife phyfic 
 and forgery o;i horfes. 
 
 To FAR'ROV/, V. N. to bring forth 
 pigs, applied to iwine. 
 
 FART, S. [frt, Sax. -vert, Btlg. furlz^ 
 Tcut.] wind lot looft; behind. 
 
 To FART, V. N, to b.e.k wind behind, 
 FA'RTHER, Adj. at a greater diftjnce, 
 applied tofituation. Longer. Adverbially, at,, 
 or to a gieiter riiifance. Ufed as a connecting 
 particle in a dii'courfe, it implies, moreover j 
 again, befdcs. 
 
 FA'RTHEST, Adj. moft diftant. Adver- 
 bially, at or to the greatefl: diftance. 
 
 FA'RTHING, S. [forthlir.g. Sax. from 
 fe.rtija, Sjx. foiitch, and lir.g, Sax. a diminu- 
 tive tersninationj thi finaliefr Englifii co.n, 
 being in value the fourth part of a penny. 
 
 FA'RTHINGALE, S. [v^rtugalle, Fr. 
 •verdugal, Sp:.n. t'cidegarde, Belg.J a hoop, or 
 petticoat, med to make the otuc; s fiand out, 
 by meaob ot circles of whalebone, or cane, 
 whl'. h are fewert upon it. 
 
 FA'SCES, S. [Lat.] axes tied up in a 
 bundle with rods or (laves, and borne before 
 the Roman magiftrates as an enfign, or badge 
 of authority. 
 
 D d 4 FA'SCIA,
 
 FAS 
 
 FA'SCIA, S. [Lat.] in Architeflure, a 
 broad lift, fillet, or band ufed in architraves 
 and pedcftals. In brif k buildings, the juttii g 
 out of the bricks over the windows. 
 
 FA'SCIATED, Adj. in Archife^ure, 
 Sdorncd v iih a bander fillet. In Surgery, 
 bound with fillets, or tifd with a bandage. 
 
 FASCIA'TION, S. in Surgery, a band ;ge, 
 Ortheatt and manner ot binding p.rrs. " Three 
 el'pecial forts of'y'j/a.-'fiOH." JVijem^n. 
 
 To FA'SCINATE, V. A. [f.jfanatu^, 
 Lat. ofy<2/f;Ba, Lat, j to bewitch, or iuiiuciice 
 by enchantment or w'tchcraft. 
 
 FASCINA'TION, S. [fa[dnath, L.r.] 
 the a£t of bewitching, generally applied to 
 that of the eye or tongue. 
 
 FASCI'NE, S. [Fr, pronounced fajceeri] 
 in Fortification, fagots, or fm.ill branches of 
 trees, or bavines, bound up in bundlee, v\hich 
 are mixed with earth, and fervg to fill up 
 trenches, to fcreen the men, make parapets of 
 trenches, &c. 
 
 FA'SCINOUS, Adj. Ififcimim, Lat.] 
 Occafioned, or operating by witchcraft or 
 enchantment, " The pciribiiiiy of fajtuioui 
 difeafes." Har'vey. 
 
 FA'SHION, S. Ip^on, Fr. fattlon, Ital.] 
 the form, make, or cut of any thing; the 
 manner in which any thing is performed ■, 
 cuftom, or the form which is mott commonly 
 made ufe of. AJen of faj7j\on, imply men ol 
 fank, ftatCj or riigniiy. 
 
 To FA'SHiON, V. A. \fci^omer, Fr.] 
 to make in a particular form or fhape ; to fit, 
 or adapt ; to make according to the generdi 
 ta.le or mode. 
 
 FA'SHIONABLE, Aej. eftabliflied by 
 cuftom, or mode ; made according to the ge- 
 neral tafte, or mode : obfeivant of the mode; 
 of a rank or dignity fuperior to the vulpar. 
 
 FA'SHIONAELENESS, S. conformity to 
 the reigning tafte, applied to building, plate, 
 cr any prcluflion either of the hand or 
 head. 
 
 FA'SHIONAELY. Adv. in a manner 
 conformable to the reigning tafte, or cgftom. 
 
 To FAST, V. A. [fjlan, Sax. fafien, 
 Goth, •'■ajian, Belg.] to abftain from eating or 
 drinking; to mortify the body by abftaining 
 frorti food, for a certain time, onarelgious 
 account. 
 
 FAST, S. [from the verb] a fpace of time, 
 wherein a perfon takes little or no food. 
 
 FAST, Adj. [ptjl, Sax. -vaft, Be!g. ipft, 
 P«tf. ^j/l, Sclav, and Va\. fcji, Teut. i.af!c, 
 eld Fr.J firm : fixed ; deep or found, appl.ed 
 to fleep, Clol'cd or fiiut clol'e j w;th a quick 
 motion. 
 
 FAST, Adv. firmly ; immoveahlv ; fwiftly, 
 tpplied to motion. Frequently, applied to 
 repetition. 
 
 To FA'ST^N, V. A. to make firm, or im- 
 moveable ; to remenr, tie, or linic toijethcr ; 
 to affix. Neuterly, to ftick or adhere. 
 
 FAT 
 
 FA'STENER, S. a perfon that m.kes 
 firm, ties, or binds. 
 
 FA'STER, S. one who abfiains from 
 food. 
 
 FA'ST-HANDED, Adj. covetous, avari- 
 lious ; not given to generofity. " The king 
 vasfaji- horded." Bacon. 
 
 FA'STIDIOUS, Adj. [fajiidiofus, Lat. 
 fci/iidteux, Fr.J difdalnful } nice to a fault} 
 iqueamiih. 
 
 FA'STIDIOUSLY, Adv. in acontetnptu- 
 ous, difdainful, or fqueamifti manner. 
 
 FA'STNESS, S.' [fafieutuj]'', fafineffe^ 
 Sax.] firmnefs, or firm adherence to a caufc 
 or party ; a ftrong-hold ; a fortrefs. 
 
 F.A'r, Adj. \ fcnu Sax. t-e;, Belg. fety 
 Teut.] lull fed; ftexHiy ; plump; or covered 
 with an oily, or undluous fubftance ; grofs ; 
 dull, from fat, Fr. *' Fat minds." Dryd, 
 Figuratively, wealthy; licb. "Ayii/bene- 
 fice." Ay'nffc. _ 
 
 FAT, S. [irom the adjective] in Anatomy, 
 a white, oily and fulphurous part of the 
 b'ood, depoHted in the cells of the membrana 
 adipofa, to be found immediately under the 
 fliin in all parts of the body, except the fore- 
 head, eyelids, lips, under-part of the ear, 
 fcrotum, &c. 
 
 FaT. See vat. 
 
 F/v'TAL, Adj. [Fr. fatalh, Lat.] caufing 
 inevitable death or deftruftion \ caufed by 
 fate, deftinv, or necefiity. 
 
 FA'TALISM, S. the doarine of fite, or 
 opinion th.n the occurrences of life and pro- 
 dtiifls of nature are eftablilhed by an unalter- 
 able neceffity. " Some perfons have accufed 
 our author c( fatalijm,'" JVarburton. 
 
 FA'TALIST, S. one who believes and 
 mair.tains that all things happen by invincible 
 neceffity. 
 
 FATA'iMTYjS. [faia!i/e, Fr.] a predeter- 
 mined and invincible necelTary order or ferieS 
 of things and events ; a decree of fate ; an 
 invincible intiuence or bias; a tendency to 
 danger, deftiu£tion, or death. 
 
 FA'TALLY, Adv. mortally ; in fuch a 
 manner as to occafion death ; by tl)e decree of 
 fate, or by an inevitable and invincible ne- 
 cefiity. 
 
 FATE, S. an inevitable neceffity depend- 
 ing on fonie fixed or fuperior caufe. Figura- 
 tively, a necefl'ary or predetermined event } 
 death ; deftriiftion ; the caui'e of death. 
 
 Feather'd/^'r.'i among the mules and fump- 
 ttrs fcnt." Dryd. 
 
 FATED, Adj. decreed or determined by 
 fate ; inverred with any quality by fate. 
 
 FA'THER, S. [the a pronounced broad, 
 like the German, or a in ah ! ttomfa-der. 
 Sax. fade; Dan. i-adcr, Belg. vattcr, Teut. 
 filer, eld Fr, padre, Ital. -vahr, Erfe, pador, 
 iVrf.] one v.hu has contributed to the gene- 
 ration of one of bis own kind, or one who 
 has begotten a ion or a daughter. Figurative- 
 
 y.
 
 FAT 
 
 ly, the firft anceftor ; a title generally given 
 to a perfon in years, becaufe old enoui^h, and 
 on account of his age, deferving to be reve- 
 renced as one's father. Aninvcn'or. " Jubal 
 was the father of all foch as handle the harp." 
 Gen. iv. 2-1. The title of a popifh con'efTor, 
 
 P A U 
 
 ftup'd. *' Fatwhud with drinking oW fack.'* 
 Hhak. 
 
 FAT'TY, Adj. abounding in fat j oily; 
 grenfy. 
 
 FAU'CET, S. [faucet, Fr. of faucet, Lat.] 
 a woiden pipe, generally forced into a barrel 
 
 particularly that of a jefuit 5 the title given to to cjik to give paffage to the liquor, and ftop- 
 a fenator in antient Rome; the appellation of | ped with a pee or fpit'got. 
 
 one of the perfons in the bieHed and adorable 
 Trinity, fo called as begetting the Son in an 
 ineffable manner ; likewife cdlled our Father, 
 on account of giving us being, of protecting 
 us with a fatherly kindnefs, and of adot>ting 
 us as coheirs with Chrlft in the fyftem of re- 
 dennption. It is an allufion to all ihefe bene- 
 fits, that we ftile him in our prayers, " Our 
 Father which art in heaven." Malt vi. 
 
 FA'THER-IN-LAW, S. a hufband's or 
 wife's father. 
 
 To FATHER, V. A. to adopt a perfon 
 for one's fon or daughter ; to adopt, or pre- 
 tend to be the author of a coirpofition. 
 
 FARTHER HOOD, S. the (tate or condi- 
 tion of a parent or father. 
 
 FATHERLESS, Adj. [f^dcrleas, Sax.] 
 without father. 
 
 FA'THERLY, Adj. [faderlhe. Sax.] 
 with the afreflion of a father ; like a father. 
 
 FA'THERLY, Adv. in the manner of a 
 father. 
 
 FA'THOM, S. {fccdem, fathm. Sax.] a 
 
 FAU'FEL, S. in Bo. any, the fnitt of a 
 fpecies cf palm tree. 
 
 FAUL'CON, S. FAU'LCONRY. See 
 FALCON, and FALCONRY, 
 
 FAULT, S. [faut,fiute, Fr.fj/ta, Span.] 
 a flight defect or crime, which fuojects a per- 
 fon to blame, but not to pnnifhment ; a de- 
 viation from, or tranfgreflion of, a rule ia 
 fome trifling circumftance. 
 
 FAU'LTLESS, Adj. without any defe^; 
 perfeft ; bl.imelefs. 
 
 FAU'LTY, Adj. (lightly tranfgrefTing any 
 rule; blameable ; defeilive, or not fit for the 
 ufe it is intended for, " A faulty helmet.** 
 Bacon. 
 
 To FA'VOUR, V. A. {fa-jeo, Lat.] ti» 
 fupport, encourage, promote, or advance aa 
 undertaking; to refemble in features. " The 
 gentleman /I/i/oarf(^ his mafter." SpeEi. T» 
 afiift, fupport, countenance, or encourage > 
 perfon, 
 
 FA'VOUR, S. \fa-veur, Fr.favcr, Lat.] 
 countenance, fupport, or encouragement; 
 
 long meafure containing fix feer, or two yard?, | defence or vindication, " In favour of which 
 being taken from the fpace a man can reach j ihey are hc'C allt-dged." Rogers. A kiodnc i 
 
 with both his arms extended. 
 
 To FA'THOM, V. A. to encompafs with 
 the arms extended j to found, to find the deoth 
 of water at fea. Figuratively, to reach, or 
 comprehend ; to try the depth of a diffiult 
 fubje£l ; to penetrate, found, or go to the 
 bottom of a defign. 
 
 FA'THOMLESS, Adj. that which has no 
 bottom, or which is fodtep as not to be mea- 
 fured. Not to be comprehended, applied to 
 myfteries, or difficulties in writing, 
 
 FA'TIGUE, S. [Fr. pronounced fateeg, 
 fxomfatigo, Lat. J languor, faintnefs, or wea- 
 linefs caufed by labour. Figuratively, the 
 caufe of wearinefs. 
 
 To FATI'CUE, V, A. to tire, exhauft, or 
 make faint and languid with labour, 
 
 FA'TLING, S. a young animal fattened 
 for fldughter. 
 
 FAT'NESS, S. the quality of being fle/by, 
 plump, or fat ; greafe. Sliminefs, fertility, or 
 fruitfulnefs, applied to ground. That which 
 caufes plenty. '• The clouds drop yij/rt/j." 
 
 To FATTEN, V. A. to make fat by 
 feeding. To make fruitful, applied to ground. 
 
 FA'TUOUS, Adj. [fatuus, Lnt.J (lupid; 
 fooliib ; applied to the undetftdnding. liln- 
 fory ; deceitful. 
 
 FA'TUITY, S. \ fatuit,; Fr,J foolininefs; 
 weaknefs of underftanding ; a low dejjrec of 
 fliadnefs or frenzy. 
 
 FAT'WITTED, Adj. heavy ; dull ; or 
 
 ey are riC'C aiit-ageci. Kogers. 
 granted; leave, perm;ffion, or pardon. " With 
 your /I;!'o.vr." Dryd. A ribband, formed inta 
 a rofe, and worn as a cotkaJe. 
 
 FA'VOURABLE, Anj. kind ; encourag- 
 ing; afle£lionate ; conducive to; tender; a- 
 verfe from cenfure. " None can have the 
 favourable thought." Dryd. Convenient j 
 fuited or adapted to a particular defign. " Fs' 
 I'ourahle tor the making of levies." Clarend. 
 
 FA'VOURABLENESS, S. a kindnefs 
 (be wed in pardoning a perfon's defefts, in 
 fupporting his endeavours, and in encourage- 
 ing his undertakings. 
 
 FA'VOUR ABLY, Adv. kindly; with en- 
 couragement, rendernefs, or affeiftion. 
 
 FA'VOURED, Part, looking upon or re- 
 garded with kindnefs. " Oft with fomeyi- 
 •i.'fl;//W traveller they ftray." Pope. 
 
 FA'VOURER, S. one who encourages or 
 countenances any perfon or thing. 
 
 FA'VOURITE, S. [the moft proper fpeU 
 ling feems to befj-vorit', becaufe derived from 
 favori, fa'vonte, Fr. fa'Vor'ita, I'.al.J one re- 
 garded with particular kindnefs, and diftin- 
 gtiifned from others by the fam.liaritiet fiiewti 
 him either by a private perfon or prince. 
 
 FA'VOUR I IE, Adj. elleemed, or belovr 
 ed above others. " A favourite dog." 
 
 FA'VOUR LESS, Adj. without encou- 
 ragement, fountcnancer^, or friends. 
 
 FAU'SE BRAY, S. [Fr. pronounced, /a/f- 
 bray\ in Forti6cation, a fmall mount of earth, 
 
 four
 
 F£ A 
 
 four fithom yA6s, round the foot of the ram- 
 part, made ufe of to defend the ditch. 
 
 FAWN, S, \fion, Fr. from fan, old Fr. 
 a youiTg child, oi infans, Lat. J a young deer. 
 
 To FAWN, V. A. [fuinr.cr, Fr. to bring 
 forth ifi<{cr\ in its primary fignificatior, to 
 bring forth a fawn. To nuke ufe of infinu- 
 atin-i and alluring geftures, applied to a dog. 
 Figuratively, to endeavour to gain a perfon's 
 favour by mean and fervile compliances. 
 
 F.T.''WNER, S. one who endeavours to 
 gain a perfon's favour by mean and ferviie 
 compliances. 
 
 FA'WNiNGLY, Adv. in a cringing and 
 fervile manner. 
 
 FAY, S. [/?.",• Fr.] a fairy. 
 To FE'AGUE, V. A. to whip, chaftife, 
 or bear. 
 
 FEA/LTY, S. [feaulte, Fr. oi feal, Fr. a 
 fubjccl] duty due iroai a fu'oieft to a king ; 
 or from any peri.in lo his fuperior. 
 
 FEAR, S. ] fjt-an, afaerav. Sax. vaer, 
 Belg. feahkf ErieJ an uncafinefs of mind 
 aiifing from the thought oi any evil that may 
 b«f<il us. 
 
 To FEAR, V. A. [f^ieran, Ssx.] to zp 
 prebend evil, applied both lo perfo'is and 
 things. To afiect with an afprehenfion ol 
 mifcr.ief or evil • to be affected with clrt-ad 
 and anxiety Ironi tiie appreiienfion of lu.ure 
 evil. 
 
 FEARTUL, Adj. timorous, or eafily af- 
 fefted with fear j afraid ; awful ; command- 
 ing reverence. " Glorious in hclir.efs, /far/«/ 
 in praifes." Exad. xv. ii. Terrible ; tiiglittul. 
 FEA'RFULLY, Aav. in a manner which 
 betrays, or cauies fear. 
 
 FEA'RFULNESS, S. an habitual dread 
 cr fear ; timoroufnels. 
 
 FEA'RLESS, Adj. free from fear; not 
 regarding danger, tither prcfent or future. 
 
 FEA'SiBILlTY, S. [trum />^';?.'fj a thinj 
 which may be donej a thing iha: is pradtica- 
 ble, the poffibiiity of bsini; don'-'. 
 
 FEA'SIELE, Adj. [faifible, Fr.Jpraflica- 
 ble, fuc.h as may be dene. 
 
 FEA'SIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to 
 be prafticabl;, or pcffible to be cone. 
 
 FEAST, S. [fcjh, Fr. fyhm, Lat.] a 
 fumptuous entertainment made for a great 
 number of perfons ; an anniverfary day of re- 
 joicing on a pciitical or religious account; 
 iomething nice cr delicious to the palate. 
 
 To FEAST, V. N. to eat fi:mptuoul!y; to 
 live on coflly and delicious eatables: to gra- 
 tify, " Whofe tafle or fnieli blefs ihefeufed 
 fenfe." Dryd. 
 
 FEA'STFUL, Adj. feftival or rejoicing. 
 " On feaJ^f-J days." Mtlt-m. Luxurious ; 
 riotous. " His herds and liock in feafful 
 rites devour." Fope. 
 
 FEAT, S. [/j;, Fr.] a thing done ; an 
 aJV, aftion, or exploit j a trick ; an odd or 
 extraoruioary motion of the limbs. " All 
 fta!s o! dCUviiv." Bdcsn, 
 
 FED 
 
 FEA'THER, S. (pronounced //;Jer wrth 
 <; fhort, from fetber, Six. feder, Teut.) the 
 covering of birds, and ihit by which they are 
 enabled to fly. Figuratively, kind, nature, or 
 fpecies. " I am not of that_/earA^r." Sbak, 
 An ornament ; a mere empty title ; a mere 
 play thing, or fomething only fit to divert, or 
 caufe laughter. " A wit's a feather^'' 'Pcfe, 
 \n Farrieiy, a turning or parting of the hair 
 on the forehead, tefembling an ear of barley, 
 or an eyelet hole. 
 
 To FEA'THER, V, A. to drefs in, or fit 
 with feathers. To fiuther cnis mji, is to 
 grov.' rich. 
 
 FEATHERED, Adj. cloathed, fitted with, 
 or c;;rry!no feathers. 
 
 FEA'THERFEW, S. in Botany, a plant, 
 called mairtciAria, the fame i% fe-vc-fe-w. 
 FEA'TKERLESS, Adj. without feathers. 
 FEATLY, Adv. in a neat, fkilful, or 
 dex'erous manner. 
 
 FEA'TURE, S. {faiture, old Fr.] the caPt 
 or make of the face, or any part or lineament 
 of it. 
 
 To FEAZE, V. A. [perhaps from fax, 
 S-ix. hair, according to Johnion, but more 
 piooiibly froni/<3M, Sax. a fringe] to untwill 
 the end ot a rope, and reduce it again to flax. 
 FE'BRIFUGE, S. Sjx-ft'rh, Lat.] a f e • 
 ver, ani fujo. La'", to drive av.ayj in Me- 
 dicine, a remedy to drive away or cure a fe- 
 ver. 
 
 FE'BRIFUGE, Adj. having the power of 
 drivinji avv.:y, or curing a tever, 
 
 FE'r^RlLE, Adj. [Fr././'nAi, Lat.] confii- 
 tuting, or prcceeding from a lever, " The 
 fibriie fern'entation." Harvey. 
 
 FE'ERUARY, S. ffo called from fdrua, 
 the name wf a feell held by the Romans, in 
 bthalr of ihe manes o'' the deceafcd. Februus, 
 Lat. is the name tor Pluioj ihe name of the 
 fecond month in the year, according to the 
 ne-.v ftih. 
 
 FE'CULENCE, or FE'CULINC7, S. 
 [fecukntia, Lat.j i'oulnefs a>ifing from dregs 
 or fediments, applied to liquors. Figuiatively, 
 dregs ; fediments. 
 
 FE'CULENT, Adj. foul, not clear, applied 
 to liquors. 
 
 FiE'CUND, S. [fiecundus, Lzt. faotide, Fr,] 
 fruitful 5 abounding in children. " The 
 hhftctind ot ftuittul of children they be." 
 Gra^iti!. 
 
 FE'CUNDATION, S. [ftcundatus, Lat.] 
 oi fa:cundo, Ldt.] the a£t oi making fruitful. 
 •' rts a medicine oi fecundation y Brcwr.. 
 
 FECU'NL^ITY, S. the quality of pro- 
 ducing or bring forth in great abundance. 
 
 FED, the preier and participle paffive of 
 Fcid. 
 
 FE'DERAL, Adj. [from f^dus, fcedens, 
 Lat.] relating to, and having the nature of 
 a contraft. '* It is a fiderni tile betwixt God 
 and us." Hatt:mjtid. 
 
 FEE,
 
 V t% 
 
 fEE, ^.{fea.fes'fooh, Sax. faiku, Goth. 
 ^e, in. Jio, Ital, money, or pricej in Law, 
 lands and tenetnt-ius held in perpetual light, 
 on condition of an ackr.ovvkdgmeni paid to 
 the lord of the manor ; a properly, a reward, 
 or money given to a phjfician or lawyer ; a 
 perquifue due to a perfon in an ofRce. 
 
 FEE'-FARM, S. in Law, lands holden by 
 a man and his heirs for ever, under a yearly 
 rent or acknowleJiiment paid to another. 
 
 FEE-'SIMPLE, S. in Lav/, thit whereof 
 we «re feized to us and our heiis lor ever. 
 
 FEE'-TAIL, S. in Law, is when l.nds are 
 given to a nian, and the heirs of his body, fo 
 that if he have children by a third venter, 
 and not of the firft, they ihali inherit. 
 
 To FEE, V. A. to pjy a counfellor or phy- 
 fician ; to bribe. " Fted every flight orca- 
 fion." Shak. To keep in hire. " In his 
 houfe I have a fervant fisJ." Shak. 
 
 FEE'BLE, Adj. \fo:bk, Fr.] wanung 
 ftrengih ; or weak in sody and mind. 
 
 FEE''^LE-M1NCED, Adj. weak, or want^ 
 ing refol-jiion j timorous. *' Comfort the 
 feetk-mlrJeiL'^ r 'uhtfj'. v. 14. 
 
 FEET.LENE35, o. want of ftrength. 
 FEE'BLT, Adv. in.a weak iriannerj with- 
 out ftrengrh. 
 
 To FEED, V. A. [prefer and part. pad. 
 fed ; fiJar, Gorh. jedan^ fcedan, Sax. fcedi.. 
 Ifl. fojd ; ffder, fjder, D'n.J to fupply with 
 food. Figuratively, to fupply ; to nouti.'h, 
 cherifh, or keep alive. 
 
 FEE'DER, S. one who fiipplies with food; 
 one that eats. Figuiatively, a nouriiher, fup- 
 prrter, or encourager. " A feeder of my 
 riots " Shak, Ons who is nice in his foud. 
 " Such fins feeders are .no gutfis, for me." 
 Dryd. 
 
 To FEEL, V. N. fpreter and part. pafT. 
 fe'.t ; feian, Sax.] to perceive by the touch, 
 f igiiraiv^ly, to have a quick fenfibiiity of 
 good or evil which happens to othtrs; to per- 
 ceive by touching ; to have the fcnfi of pain 
 or pleafure ; to be afFedled by. 
 
 FEEL, S. the fenfe of feeiins ; the touch. 
 " Diftingi.ifhed by tl-.e/^e/." Shari>. 
 
 FEE'LER, S. one who can diftinguifh by 
 the touch. In Natural Hidory, the horns or 
 antenna of 'infctls, whersby they grope out 
 their way, and clean their eyes. 
 
 FEE'LING, Part, oi Feel, that which ex- 
 prelfes great fenfibiiity, or alTsfts flronplj'. 
 " A /-/.-."^^ line." Skak. 
 
 FEE'LING, S. the fenfe whereby we get 
 the ide.is of h.^rd, foft, dry, wet, fmooth, 
 rough, hot, cold, &c. It is both the grorui^, 
 »nd the moft extenfive of ail the fenfes, if 
 not that which includes all the refl. Figu- 
 ratively, perception ; fenfibiiity ; tenJer- 
 nefs. 
 
 FEE'LINGLY, Adv. in /uch a manner 
 as if fenfible of feeling any thing ons's felf ; 
 io ;s to afF.ft others deeply. 
 FEET, S. the piurd cl Fuot. 
 
 F E L 
 
 FEE'TLESS, Adj. without feet. ^' Fitt- 
 Irfs birds." Camden. 
 
 To FEIGN, V. A. [pronounced /ai« ; 
 feindre, Fr.l to invent ; to afiert a thing 
 hich is not. '•' Thou^^TiriVw^/? rhem." Neh, 
 vi. 8. To counterfeit, hatch, or put on the 
 appearance of a thing. " Feigns a lau;;h." 
 Pope. To relate fiatitioufly ; to fable. *' The 
 poets did feign that Orpheus drew trees.'* 
 SLak. 
 
 FEi'GNEDLY, Adv. in a fiaitlous or fa- 
 bulous manner J ccu.Tterfeitly. 
 
 JEI'GNER, S. an inventor 5 the author 
 of a fable or fiiSion. 
 
 FEINT, Part, [inftead of feigred ; from 
 feign, or feint, Fr.J invented. No' true or 
 real. " Any feint appearance." Lode. 
 
 FEINT, S. [feinte, Fr.J a mere Ihow 5 a 
 falfe appearance or attempt } an oflet at fome- 
 thing not intended to be j a diiguife- In Fen- 
 cing, a fali'd offer made at one part to draw 
 a pcrfcn olT from his guard, when the cefign 
 is to iDiike a real pafs at another. In Mufic, 
 a fe.Tiitone. 
 
 To FELI'CITATI, V. A. [felidtatus, of 
 feliato, Lat. feiiciter, Fr.] to make happy. 
 " To ?^i\\ d.ni fUcisate his fpirits." Watts. 
 To congratulate ; to wifh a perfan joy. 
 
 FELlCITA'TiON, S. [Fr.J the a£t of 
 wSihing joy, or rejoicing with a perfon on 
 account of fome hr.pf;- event. 
 
 FELl'CIT x', S. i^fJicite, Fr.fei'icitaSfhat.j 
 a Rale wherein a pcrlon has no wanti to la- 
 tisfy, no wifhes to fulfil, no evils to remove ; 
 but is eiiy without pain, iipd joyful without 
 any d;fh or mixture of forrow. 
 
 FELi'NE, Adj. [fdH^ius, Laf.J refentibling 
 a cat. " His tail, wh'cii i?yf/,'Ke." Gretv. 
 
 FELL, Adj. [felle. Six. fell, Belg.fekm, 
 Ital.J void of me'.cy or humanity j ciuel j 
 baibarcu; ; favagc. .Sei.Jo;n u'.id. 
 
 FELL, S. ffc/Ie, Six.J the f.cin, the hide. 
 " Flcfh «n,i /«//." Shak. 
 
 To FELL, V, A. [fell, Jd. zni fecL'an, 
 Sax. to fall, fs/len, Teut.J to knock dovvn ; 
 to make a peifon tumble on the ground by 
 the forte of a blew 5 to hew or cut down, 
 FELL, prefer of Fall. 
 FELL'ER, S. r.ne who hews or cuts down. 
 FELL'.ViONGER, S. [from fel, Sax. a 
 'jkin, and monger, Sax, a dealer or fellerj one 
 that deals in and fells peltry or fkins. 
 i FELLO'E, S. [flgc, Dan. and Teut.J the 
 j pieces of wood whicii make the circumference 
 of a wheel. Commonly called yV/Zy. 
 
 FELLO'W, S. a conpanion, or one often 
 in ones company 5 one united in the {ame 
 undertaking ; an equal ; one tiiinj fulted to 
 another ; or one of a pair ; one like to, or 
 refe^nbling, another. Sametimes ufed in 
 familiar difcfuirfe for a man or perfon. 
 " A valiaiit /"c/Zow." Slijik, A member of 
 a fociety ; a member of a college, who par- 
 takes in its gove'nmenr and revmues. Fil- 
 Lw, in cwniu.^fitioB, generally denotes ccm- 
 
 mu.'iiiy
 
 FE L 
 
 ffonity or equ»lity of nature, (!atioiT, or em- 
 picvment. 
 
 ToFfLI.OW, V. A. to fuit er match 
 «T.e thing w.th another; to pair or prorlucs 
 fine tbi-ng reftmbling another in fize, colour, 
 
 FEL'LOW-COMMONER, S. oie who 
 has a ri^ht of common with anorhor. In 
 Carobri.ige, a commoner of the higher ordrr, 
 <whn n>s at tablr, aud eats his conimons with 
 the fellows ol the college. 
 
 FELLO'W-CREATURE. S. one that has 
 the fame creator, generally applied to ani- 
 mals of the fime I'pecie?. 
 
 FELLO'VV-FE£LING, S. fympathy; or 
 the being as much aflc(fled with the iuffenngs 
 of another, as if they were our own ; a corr- 
 hination in order tociefraud or che.?:. '■ Your 
 n.ifli-woman and your nurfery-maid have a 
 //Tew /</'•;:?." Hif!. cf y. BJl. 
 
 FELLO'VV-HEIR, S. one who has a right 
 to the fame inheiitance with another ; a co- 
 hetr. " Th.- Gentiles iliould htfilloiu-beirs.^'' 
 Efh. iti. 6. 
 
 FELLO'W-LABOURER, S. one who h 
 bours to promote the lame dcfign. " My 
 Je'Ioii'-lakourers." Dryd. 
 
 FELLO'WSHIP, S. compsny ; fociety ; 
 the flate of per'bns who are frrqcently toge- 
 ther, and jointly take part in any defign. 
 AfTociarion ; a confederscy or union of feveral 
 pfrfons by fome contr-^^, bond, or obligation. 
 *' They have never any it\\.\ti fel!otL^Jh<p, ne 
 ▼er any folcmn agreemrnt." Hooker A part- 
 3tr(l;ip or joint intereft ; equality ; fondnefs 
 I«>r feafting or entertaii.ments of drinking ; 
 ai> e.labliiTiment at an univtrfuy, with a fh3rc 
 fn the levenues of a college. In Arithmetic, 
 2 ri:!e by wkich the (lock of anycnmpany is 
 divi.led in proportion to the fevera! lu.-ns each 
 partner brought in: it is divided isilo Jingle 
 and aouui'i. 
 
 FE'LLY. See FELLOE. 
 
 FE'LLY, Adv. [ from /?/.' and />•] in fuch a 
 manner as fliews want of all the kind .ind be- 
 revolent affeftions ; in a cruel, barbarous, 
 and fav3ge man.Ter. Sel.lom ufed. 
 
 FE'LO tfe fe, S. riaw Lat.] in Law, one 
 who willinglv and deliberately kills himfelf. 
 
 FE'LON,' S. [Tr. fe!i>, law U:. fehfen, 
 Ttwt. fa ■■">', S.'x. to be deficient] a perfon 
 who is guilty of fome crime, whii h will fub- 
 ifd him to de.th by the Lw ^ a whitlow, or 
 tiimour foMTicd between the boi.e and its in- 
 veHiBg rrembrane. 
 
 FE'LON.'Adj. lf(''e, Sax.] cruel; Har- 
 birous ; favage. '• H\ifdon haie." I'tfe. 
 
 FELO'NIC'JS, A.:j. '^elongir.g to a felon; 
 fiNeflirig to death by the law. Figuratively, 
 wicked ; barbaroMS. 
 
 FELO'NIOUSLY, Adv. after the man- 
 ner of a leloij ; or with an intent to roo or 
 miirler. 
 
 FE'LOXY, S. :"/.'o«.-V, Fr. fJ>nla, Lat.] 
 any crime vshica fubjccli a man to death \>) 
 tac Uw. 
 
 FEN 
 
 FELT, the preter of F'El. 
 
 FELT, S. [S.^x.] a kind of ftufF or cloth, 
 either of wool alone, or of caftos, camels, 
 conies hair, and lambs wool, neither fpun, 
 cron'ri, nor woven, but wrought and fulled 
 with lees .^nd fize, and afterwards fhiped into 
 the form of a hat upon a block ; a hide or 
 (kin of animals; (torn/el. Sax. " See that 
 the fit be loofe." Mart. The laft fenfe 
 feems owing to the author's miftaking feli 
 
 fox fill. 
 
 To FELT, V. A. [Trem the noun] t* 
 make cloth or ftufFonly by fulling, and work- 
 ing with lees and fze, v.ith<. ui weaving ot 
 eroding. " The fame v.ool one man fe!tt 
 into a har." Half. 
 
 FELU'cCA, S. \ft!eu, Fr. fe:kon, Arab, 
 a fh pj a fmall fix oared vclTil, much ufed 
 in the Mediterranean, of the fize of a floop 
 or Hiallop, having conveniences made for fix- 
 ing the rudder either at the he.d or Oern. 
 
 FE'MaLE, S. [femiHe, Fr.J that fes 
 which bears or brings forth young. 
 
 FE'MALE, Adj. belonging to that, fex, 
 which coiiceives and bears offspring. Femalt 
 rh'imes, in Poetry, are fuch se end in e femi- 
 nine, To called by the French, from whom 
 the term is taken, becsufe it is pronounced 
 very weakly or cbfcurely j fuch are the fol- 
 lowing from Coiv/iv. 
 
 " Th' excefs ot heat is but a fable ; 
 
 " We know the torrid zone is now found 
 " habitable." 
 
 FE'ME COVERT, S. [Fr.] in Law, 
 a married woman. 
 
 FE'ME SOLE, [Fr.] in Law, an unmar- 
 ried woman. 
 
 FE'MININE, Adj. [fa-mininui, Lat.] of 
 that fex which bears young. Figuratively, 
 fofr, delicate ; like a woman, or wanting that 
 natural hardinefs which diftinguifhes the 
 male ffX. " Not a man of w.u, butaltoge. 
 iher feminine.''^ Ra'eigb. In Grammar, that 
 g>:nder which denotes a word to belong to a 
 female. 
 
 FE'MININE, S. a female. " Without 
 f:m'tnh:c.'" Par. Loft. 
 
 FE'MORAL, Adj. [femora/is, Lat. of 
 femor, femoris, Lat.] belougii.g to the thigh. 
 
 FEN, S. [fenn, fenr.e,i.<x. ftn, 1(1. -venne, 
 Relg. j a wet, moifl-, or boggy pUce or land 
 overriowed with water. 
 
 FENCE, S. [a contrjflion of defence] any 
 thing or msar.s made life of to gu.xrd tro^ 
 danger. " There is no f nee .igainfl inunda- 
 tion?." UEfi'-ange, Ati encloture, hedge, 
 or paling, rr;rving to keep perfons Irom en- 
 tering any fpor of ground. 
 
 To FENCE, V. A. to endofe or fecure a 
 place by a hedge or paling ; to defend or 
 guard, ufed with agalnjl ; to priftife the ait of 
 ienciiig, or that which teaches the ufe of the 
 fword ; to gu'.rd againll ; to ufe fueh methods 
 as to hinder the piogrefs of any vice or evil, 
 ' ii.''cd wr.h agatrj]. 
 
 FENCE-
 
 F E R 
 
 FENCE'LESS, Adj. open, or without any 
 enclofure. 
 
 FEN'CER, S. a perfon who makes ufe of 
 the fword according to the rules of fencing ; 
 one who teaches fencing, or the art ot ufing 
 the fword. 
 
 FEN'ClBLE, Adj. capable of defence. 
 
 FEN'CJNG, S. the art of defence, or of 
 tjfing the fword. Fencing l;kewife fignifies 
 the hedite or pales ufed to enclofe ground. 
 
 To FEND, V. A. [from cJefend] to keep 
 off, " To feftd the bitter cold." Dryd. To 
 difpute ; or /hift off a charge. " Able to 
 find and prove with them." Locke. 
 
 FEN'DER, S. a plate of iron or brafs 
 laid before a fire to prevent the coals that 
 fall from rolling upon, and injuring the 
 floor. 
 
 FENERA'TION, S. [feneratlo, Lat.] ufu- 
 ry ; or an allowance made or taken for the 
 life of money. 
 
 FE'NUGREEC, S. [JWrum gracum, 
 Lat.] in Botany, called trig-jndla by Lin- 
 naeus. 
 
 FEN'NEL, S. [finel,fenoI,S>^x.fenoull, 
 Fr. fnnochio, Ital. faniculum, Lat.] in Bo- 
 tany, the leaves, feeds and roots of the com- 
 tnon (ortare ufed in medicine j the rc.ot being 
 one oi the five opening rooit, the feed one 
 of the great carminative feeds, anil the 
 leaves made ufe of in diftilling a fimpip 
 Water. 
 
 FEN'NEL-FLOWER, S. a plan'. 
 
 FEN'NY, Adj. [frnm/^»] foft by the fet- 
 tling of rain, or overflnwing of waters, ap- 
 plied to grsund. IVIarlhy; mooriftij inha- 
 biting or dwelhng in a matfli. " Kfenrty 
 fnake." $bak. 
 
 FEN'SUCKED, Adj. exhaled from a fen 
 or marfh. " You finfucked fogs, drawn by 
 the powerful fun." .Shak, 
 
 FE'ODAL, Adj. [feodal, Fr.] held from 
 another. 
 
 FE'ODARY, S. one who holds his eftate 
 under the tenure of fuit and fervice to a fupe- 
 rior lord. 
 
 To FEOFF, V. A. \ficf,ficffer,?x.f.offo, 
 law Ldt.J to put in poffeifion j to give a right 
 to a pofl"e(hon. 
 
 FEO'FFEE, S. [feoffatus, law Lat. feff/, 
 Fr.] one put of poflefliun. 
 
 FEO'FFER, S, one who gives pofTenion ; 
 <1ifl-mgui(hed in liw from a donor, becaufe the 
 feoffer grant* in fee-fimple, and a donor in fee- 
 tail, Lit. lib. I. c. 6. 
 
 FE'OFFMENT, S. [f<':ffjmentum, law 
 Lat. J ill Law, a gilt or gran: of any mJnor , 
 melluages, lands, or tenements to another in 
 fee, i. (". to him and his heirs for ever, by 
 the delivery of a fcifin, and poflcflion oi the 
 efiate granted. 
 
 FERIATION, S. [fena, L«.J th- aft 
 of ce ebrating or keeping holiday, by ccafi.ig 
 tmia labour ; a c.fl.tion from wojk. «i As 
 
 F E R 
 
 though there were sny Jeriarion in nature.'* 
 j Brotun, 
 
 i FERI'NE, Adj. [ferir.tts, Lat.] wild ; un- 
 tamed. <' Ferine, noxious, and unlameable 
 ' beafls.*' Hale. 
 
 I FERI'NENESS, S. wildnefs ; the q.nlity 
 I of uncuitivared and untame* wildnels. '• Biir- 
 barifm and firinenefi.'^ Hale. 
 
 FE'RITV, S. [feritai, Lat.] barbarity; 
 cruelty ; wildnefs. " The moft abjeft aiii 
 ftupid yir/zy." JVoodiv, 
 
 To FE'RMENT, V. a. [fermenter, Fr. 
 fermtnto, Lat,] to exalt, rarity, or comminute, 
 1 by putting the particles into an intcftiae com- 
 motion. 
 
 FE'RMENT, S- [Pt. ferment urn, Lat.]thi£ 
 which cauiesan intefline motion in the parti- 
 cles of a fluid. A co.nnmotion or tumult, ap- 
 plied to government. 
 
 FERME'NTABLE, Adj. capable of hav- 
 ing its pans put into an inteftine comm«ti<jij. 
 
 FERME'NTAL, Adj. having the power 
 of raifing an inteltine commotion. 
 
 FERMENT.^'TION, S. [¥t. fawentatla, 
 Lat.] inteiHne motion of the fmall infenfible 
 particles ariliiig from no vilible, external, or 
 mechanic caule, and producing a coniiJerablc 
 ahera'ion therein. 
 
 FER'MENTATIVE, Adj. caufing, or 
 having the power to cau.e, an intcftinc coaii- 
 mOiion of the pjirticies. 
 
 FERN, S. [fearn, S.ix,] in Botany, a plant 
 growing on ftumps of trees in vvooiis, and on 
 the banks of ditches. Dscoftions of the root 
 are uled as diet-drink in chronical cafes ; and 
 country people eftecm it afovereign remedy in 
 the rickets. 
 
 FER'NY, Adj. overgrown with fern, 
 
 FERO'CIOUS, Adj. [fercce, Fr.]wild, un- 
 timed, favage ; rcfembling a favage. "Each 
 ferocious creature." Pope. 
 
 FEROCITY,S.(;/.Aoa>/, Fr.feroclras, Lit.j 
 fiercenefsof dilpofition or look. 
 
 FER'REOUS, Adj. [frrus, Ln.] of the 
 nature of iron. " Ho ferreous oi migneiicil 
 natu^e." Bro-.on, 
 
 FER'RET, S. \fured, Brit, furet, Fr. 
 ferrelta, ]tal.] in Naturl Hiflory li fmall 
 animal, oti the fize and fonTwhat refem- 
 bling a rat, with red eyes, and a long fnour, 
 ufed to catth rabbits or rats. In trjde, x 
 kind ot narrow ribband made of a meaner fort 
 of filk, with a mixture of cotton, or thri'ad. 
 
 To FERRET, V. A. to drive out of a 
 lurking place, illudiiig to the manntria which 
 ferrets drive rabbits out of their holes. " The 
 archbifhop YiaA fc ret:ed\\\Tn out ot his holds." 
 Ueyltn. 
 
 FER'RETER, S. one who hunts another, 
 and difcoveis him in hi» hidinij pljces or pr(> 
 vacies. 
 
 FER'RIAGE, S. [ rom /^r^] the fum 
 paid tor a pall t^<r at a terry. 
 
 FERivU'GlKO'JS, Adj. [ferrugineux, Fr . 
 feirfgincu*
 
 FES 
 
 firrug'tneus, Lat.] partaking of the particles or 
 qualities of iron ; ufed only by philofophical 
 writers. 
 
 FER'RULE, S. [from ftrrum, Lat. iron] 
 an iron or brafs cap, or ring, put round, or at 
 the end of a thing, to hir.der it from fpliuing, 
 or wearing. 
 
 To FER'RY, V. A. \Pra», Sax.] to row 
 a boat or vefTel acrofs a river j to crofs a 
 liver in a boat or VKfTel. 
 
 FER'RY, S. [from the verb] a veflel or 
 boat in which perfons ciofs the water. Figu- 
 ratively, the place vuhere boa;? ply which crofs 
 the water ; the common pafi'^ige for a veffel 
 or boat arrofs a river. 
 
 FER'Ry-M.A.N, S. one who keeps a ferry, 
 or rows a boat at a common pafTage acrofs the 
 water. 
 
 FER'TILE, Adj. \Yt. fernlh^ Lat ] pro- 
 ducing a great quantity ; fruitful. 
 
 FERTI'J.ENESS, S. the quality of pro- 
 ducing abundance ; fruitful. 
 
 To FERTFLITATE, V. A. to make 
 fruitful. " A cock will in one Aiy fersilitate 
 the whole defter of egg?." Broivn. 
 
 FERTI'LITY, S. [ftrtlliie, Fr. frtuitas, 
 Lat.] the quality of producing plenty, or 
 abundance ; fruittulnefs. 
 
 FE'RTILLY, Adv. in great quantities, or 
 abundance. 
 
 To FE'RTILIZE, V. A. [fatUifer, Fr.] 
 to make fruitful- 
 
 FER'VENCY, S. \fcr-jent, Fr. fer-vent, 
 Lat.] eagernefs ; warmth of application. Ap- 
 plied to the mind, zeal, or v,armth of devo- 
 tion. 
 
 FER'VENT, Adj. [Vr.fer'vens, Lat.] hot 
 oppofed to cold. Vehement, or warm, ap 
 plied to the temper. Ardent, warm, zealous, 
 or flamine with devotion. 
 
 FER'VENTLY, Adv. in an eager, vehe- 
 irsnt, earneft, ardent, or zealous manner. 
 
 FER'VJD, Adj. \fer-v\dus, Lat-rj hot. Fi- 
 guratively, ardent, zealous, vehement. 
 
 FERVl'DlTY, S. hear, oppofeJ to cold. 
 Figuraiivelv, warmth of temper. 
 
 FER'VIDNESS, S. the quality of being 
 waim of temper, earirelt in application, or 
 zealous in devotion. 
 
 FE'RUL.A, S. [Lit.fault, Fr. from fcro, 
 Lat.] in Bntany, fennel-giant : it hath .Tn 
 umbellated flower ; the principal umbel is 
 uniform, globular, confiding offeveral fmaller 
 of the fame form, called rays ; and the invo 
 lucrum is compofed of feveral narrow leaves, 
 which fall off. Linnajus places it in the zd 
 fedt. of his filth clafs. A flat wooden inftru- 
 nient for chaftifing boys at fchool. 
 
 FER'VOUR. S \ fi"veur, V I. fervor, hzt. 
 X)i fsrijco, lo be hi)tj heat or warmth, oppofed 
 to cold. Eaj^einefs, or eaeneftnefs of applica 
 tion j warmth, or heat of temper , ardour, or 
 
 F E T 
 
 natles, reprefenting a band or belf, dividing 
 the efcutcheon horizontally in the middle, and 
 feparating thechief from the b^fe poinr jpolfcf- 
 fing the center of it, and containing in breadth 
 one third part thereof. Fejje point is the exait 
 centre of the efcutcheon. FelJe ivafs, or i« 
 y^//l', denotes the bearing a thing after the 
 manner of a fe[Je. Parts per fcjje, fignifies, 
 parted acro.'s the middle of a fljield, from fide 
 to fide, through the ftjj'e point. 
 
 ToFES'TfR, f/#, Bav. a fwelling] to 
 rankle ; to grow irifl,imed. 
 
 FES'_TINATE,Adj.[/^;M^«j,Lat.]hafty, 
 expeditious, oppofed to delay. " A mod fejii- 
 nate preparation." ^kak. Not much in ufe. 
 FES'TiVAL, Adj. \f.ftiijui, Lat.J be- 
 longing to feafis, or public e/itertainments, 
 " F^;W/ entertainments." Alt, 
 
 FES'TIVAL, S. a time of public feafting ; 
 a day of religious, or public joy. 
 
 FESTIVE, Adj. [fefii-vus, Lat.] gay j 
 ioyoiis. 
 
 FES'TIVITY, S. [/e/?;w/ar,Lat.]afeaft; 
 or time of public rejoicing ; gaiety j joy- 
 fulnefs. 
 
 FES'TOON, S. [fef.on, Fr.] in Archi- 
 teilure, an orname»t of caived work in the 
 forni of a wreath, or garland of flowers, or 
 leaves twifted together, thickcfl at middle, 
 and fufpended at the ends. 
 
 To FETCH, V. A. pretcr fetched ; feccan, 
 feccean, Sax.] to go, in order to bring fome- 
 ihing to a perfon ; to take or make an excur- 
 fion. " To fetch a turn about the garden." 
 Shak. To equal in value. '' Silver in the 
 coin "ill ntvcr fetch fo much as filver in bul- 
 lion." Locke. 
 
 FETCH, S. a ftratagem in which a defign 
 is attained indire£lly, or in which one ihii'.g 
 feems to be intended, and another is done ; a 
 trick or artifice. 
 
 FE'FCHER, S. one who makes ufe of ar- 
 tifice J one who goes for, and brings a thing 
 from a diftant place. 
 
 FE'TID, Adj. Ifcct'.dut, Lat.] ftinking j 
 having a ffrong and oftenfive fmell. 
 
 FE'TIDNESS, S. the quality of having a 
 ftrong and offenfive fmell. 
 
 FETLOCK, S. [ftkck, of fet, Id. afoot j 
 and loci] in farriery, a tuft of hair growing 
 behind the pnllern joint. 
 
 FET'TER, S. I faet, Six. ft, in. a foot j 
 fa'ttere. Sax.] chsins for the teer, put on pri- 
 foneis to prevent their efcape. Figuratively, 
 any reflraint. 
 
 To FET'TER, V. A. to put chains ot 
 (hackles on the legs. Figuratively, to en- 
 chain ; to bind J to deprive of fieedom or li- 
 berty. 
 
 To FET'TLE, V. A.' [a cant word] tot 
 buflle, or make an appearance of being huiy ;•' 
 to do trilling bufinefs. " To/«f,« about the 
 room." Sivfr. 
 
 FE'TUS, 5. [ftetus, Lat] any animal full 
 
 leal in devotion. 
 
 FESSH, S. [/j/i.-a, Lat. a band or girdle] .. 
 
 in. Heraldry, one of the nine honourable ordi- 1 grown, but in the womb.. 
 
 FEUD,
 
 FEZ 
 
 FEUD, S.lftabcf, S.x. enmity] quarrel; 
 oppofition 5 war. 
 
 FEUDS, S. [plurd ;/W«w, Lat.] in Law, 
 lands that are heredita'-y. 
 
 FEU'DAL, Adj. [feudalis, law Lat.] per- 
 taining to fees or tenures, by which lands are 
 held or" a Uioerior lord. 
 
 FEU'DATORY, S. [fcudatmre, Fr.] one 
 who holds by feme continual tenure from a 
 fuperior. 
 
 FE'VER, S. r/c"yfr,/frcr,Dsn.andTeut. 
 fimn, Yr.f'fer, Sax.febris, Lat. J in Medicine. 
 A difeafe in which the body is violently heueJ, 
 and the pulfe quickened ; or in v;hich heat 
 and cold prevail by turns: the laft is an in- 
 termittent fever. 
 
 To FE'VER, V. A. to put into, or affefl 
 with a fever. " The white band of a lady 
 fe-ver thee !" Shad. 
 
 FE'VERET, S. Ta d'minutive of /t«r] a 
 ■flight fev^r. 
 
 FE'VEKISH, Adj. troubled with, or tend- 
 mg to a fever. Figuratively, inconflanr, al- 
 luding to the jliernate fenfation of heat ant) 
 fold in intermittent fevers. " We tof? and 
 torn about our fti'erlp w\\\." Dryd, Occa- 
 f-oning heat. *' Ths feverify north." Dryd. 
 
 FE'VER ISHNESS, S. a flight dilorder, or 
 afleftation of a lever, 
 
 FEVE'ROUS, Adj. \Jievreux, fievreuje, 
 Fr.] troubled with, or hiving the nature of a 
 fever ; having a tendency to produce fever?. 
 *' A fn-erijh difpofition of the year." Bacon. 
 
 FEU'ILAGE, S. [Fr. pronounced 'fuil- 
 laivje] a bunch, row, or circle of leave«. 
 " Fu'iHage, or laurel round the oval." Jsr- 
 
 FEU'ILEMORT, S. [from fetiilh, Fr. a 
 leaf, and mart, dead, Fr.] the colonr of a 
 faded leaf. Corruptly proaounced, and fome- 
 times written philemot. 
 
 FEW, Adj, [feoyfeolva, SsK.fcfr, Brit. 
 fua, Dan,] not many, applied mnft properly 
 to number ; but by Londoners fcmetimes ap- 
 plied to quantity ; as, " as a_/Iw broth," ;. e. 
 a fmall quantity of broth. 
 
 FEW'EL, or FU'EL, S. [feu, Fr. fire] 
 materials for making and keeping up a fire. 
 
 To FEW'EL, V. A. to keep up a fire by 
 fiipplying ii with fuel. " Ftimh the infernal 
 flame." Cowley. 
 
 FEW'J^ESS, S. fmalliicfs, applied to num- 
 ber. 
 
 FEZ, S. (kingdom cf) in Africa. It has 
 the Mediterranean feaon the N. the Atlantic 
 ocean on the W. the river M.ubca, or Umar.i- 
 bea, On the S. where it Jivldes Fez from Mo- 
 rocco, and is bounded on the E. by an imagi- 
 nary line dr.-,wn from the mourh of the river 
 Meluya or Mulvia, to mount Atlas, dividing 
 it from the kingdom of Aleicrs. It wss for- 
 nnerly part of Mauritania Tinsitana, is fome- 
 what larger th:in Morocco, and divided, like it, 
 into feven provinces. Its extent from E. to 
 W. is about 270 miles, that is, from long. 
 
 F I C 
 
 I deg. 20 min. to 7 deg. W. where broa.^efi-, 
 and neaily of the fame breadth from N. to 
 S. that is, from lit. 31 to 36 deg. This 
 k'.n?dom is fertile in grain, frust, cattle, was, 
 and honey j but would be much more (o, 
 did the inhabitants cultivate it duly, the Fe- 
 zians being contented with a bare fufiicier.cy, 
 and fcrupulous of fending grain out of ihs 
 kingdom. Kere are good iron mines; buC 
 they are fo ignorant of manufailuring them, 
 that they only make nails, and fome other 
 ccarfe utenfils. Their principal river is Sebu, 
 or Ctbit, v/hich is very rapid, rifing ia 
 Mount Celego, in the province of Cuz, and 
 defcending to the Atlantic ocean, is faid to 
 carry with its ftreams ftones of an hundred 
 weight. It runs wivhin two rtiort miles of 
 Fez city, through vaft ridges, receiving feveral 
 other rivers in its courfe ; yet over it is a 
 bridge faid to be 150 fathoms long ; none of 
 thefe rive.-s are navigable. The only carriage 
 is by laad, upon camels, horfss, and drome- 
 daries, ior expedition. Fez had its own kings, 
 but for fome time it has been fubje£l to Mo- 
 rocco. I'he Spaniards and Poituguefe have 
 fome places on the coaft ; the principal of 
 ihofe belonging to the former, areM^zaiquivir, 
 Penen, Mclilla, and Ceuta ; the fiege, or ra- 
 ther blockade, of the Ml of which, by the na- 
 tives, may be faid ftill to be carried on. 
 Among the places belonging to thePortugiiefe 
 is Arziilai, having ceded Tangier as a part of 
 queen Catherine's dowry to the Englifti, wilo 
 long fmce def.iolifted it. The Seven provs:ices 
 ^bove-mentioned, are Fez Proper, Temefna, 
 Afgur, Rabat, Errif, Guret, Alcaia, and Chuz, 
 or Chaoui. M. deLifle joins Afgur and Ra- 
 bat in one, under the name of Al-garbe. This 
 kingdom and Morocco are under one emperor. 
 
 FIB, S. [a corruption of fai/e ; of faiula, 
 Lat.] an untruth. 
 
 To FIB, V. N. to tell lies or falfehoods. 
 
 FIB'BER, S. a perfon that fpeaks falfe- 
 hoods. 
 
 Fl'BRE, S. [Fr. /W, Lat.] a fmall 
 thread or ftring. In Phyiics, a long fine part 
 of thread whereof natural bodies confift, and 
 which prevents their being friable or brittle. 
 In Anatomy, a long flender thread, which 
 being varioufly interwoven, or bound up 
 forms the various folid parts of an animal 
 body. 
 
 Fl'BRIL, fi. f/;r/A, Fr.fibrilla, Lat.] a 
 fmall fibre, which, being joined to others, 
 compcfes one of the larger. 
 
 Fl'BROUS, Adj. \f.hreux, Fr. confifting 
 of fmall threads or fibres. 
 
 Fl'BULA, S. [Lat. J in Anatomy, the 
 outer and flenderer of the two bones of the 
 
 FI'CKLE, Adj. \fico!, Sax.] not of the 
 fame fentjments or opinion long ; incoa- 
 iL^nt; not fi-xed. «' F/V/^/c their date." Par, 
 Loft. 
 
 FICKLE'NESS, S, a diipofition of mind 
 
 liable
 
 FID 
 
 liable to frequent change ; a flate of incon- 
 ftancy. 
 
 Fl'CKLY, Adv. in a manner liable to 
 change ; not fettled or fixed. •' A power 
 thiCi fick/y held." Suutherne. 
 
 FICTION, S. [Yi.fiilio, Lat.] the aft ot 
 forming a table or liory by help of the 
 imagination ; the thing feigned j a falfe- 
 bood, or thing which has no exiAence in 
 nature. 
 
 Fl'CTIOUS, Adj. \faui, Lat. of/nao, 
 Lat.] imaginary. " Fiiiious circles." Jt'rior. 
 A word coined by the author quoted ; but Ire- 
 quently made ufe of in converlaiion by Lon- 
 doners, inftcad o{ JiJ'itious. 
 
 FICTiTIOUS.Adj. [fiTulus, La-.J coun 
 terfeit, oppofed (o genuine. Made in order to 
 refemiile, or pafs for fomething elfe. Imagi- 
 nary, oppofed to real. 
 
 FICTITIOUSLY, Adv. in a falfe, ima- 
 ginary, or chimerical manner, 
 
 FID, S. [Jitta, Ital.} a pointed iron, 
 with which leamen univvift their cords. 
 Sk'tiittr, 
 
 FID'DLE, S. [fiihele, Szx.fde!, Teut. 'vedel, 
 'Bilg.fdicula, Lat. J in Muhc, a ftringed ii3- 
 fliument. See Violin. 
 
 To F:DDLE, V. A. [fJIcn, Teut] to 
 play on the violin, or fiddle. Figuratively, to 
 f rifle, to fpend a great deal of time in feem 
 ing induftry, without doing any thing to the 
 purpofe. 
 
 FID'DLE-FADDLE, S. tiifling, or trifles. 
 *• Abundance oi fddU faddk of that nature." 
 Spt5i- No. ago. 
 
 FID'DLE' F ADDLE, Adj. trifling; mak- 
 ing a bulile, or giving trouble about nothing 
 *' A uo\ih\eio^e, fddUfaddle oii woman." 
 l{ij}. of J. Bu'l. 
 
 FID'DLER, S. [fithekre, Sax./i/«r,Belg.] 
 one who plays on tne violin. 
 
 FID'DLESTICK, S. the bow furni/hed 
 with hdir, which the mufician draws over the 
 firings of the fidJle. 
 
 Fl'DELlTY, S. [f.delUe, Fr, fidelitas, 
 Lat. J honefly in dealing ; veracity, or truth 
 in tefiimony ; firmnefs in adherence^ or in 
 loyalty. 
 
 To FIDCE, or FID'GET, V. N. to 
 move nimbly, but nncouthly, or aukwardly. 
 *' You wriggle, fidge, and made a rant." 
 Stvlft. 
 
 FIDU'CIAL, Adj. [fducia, Lat.] con- 
 fident j without any degree of doubt j that 
 vhich may be depended on, or aft'ords cer- 
 tainty. Hence the f ductal edge of a quad- 
 rant of altitude, is that which hdS the dc 
 grees engraven on it, and on that account 
 makes try problem worked by it both lure 
 and ea'y. 
 
 FIDU'CIARY, S. Ifiduciariuu Lat,] one 
 that has any thing in truft. In Divinity, 
 one who places fo mucli confidence in laitli, 
 «s 10 look en good works as no ways con- 
 tiibuting Co hit falvaiiua. " The fecond 
 
 F I F 
 
 obftruftive is that of the fduclarks.''^ Ham- 
 
 ItlLlld. 
 
 FIDU'CIARY, Adj. without any degree 
 of doubt. " Afdueiary aifent." I'^ake. 
 
 FIEF, S. [Fr.J in Law, a fee, manor, 
 or poli'tlTion held by fome tenure of a fu- 
 pericr. 
 
 FIELD, S. [pronounced fedd, fe!d, Sax. 
 andTeul. W./, Bc\g.fo!id,m.fiu!d, Hung.] 
 ground not inhajited j a fpace of ground 
 whicli is cultlv.ted. Figuratively, the ground 
 where a battle is fought ; a bj'.tlg, or cam- 
 paign ; a wide extent or expanfe. " Where 
 p'cfds ot light, and liquid ether flow." Dryd, 
 Cumpafs, or a fubjeil which will aft'uid an 
 oppoitunity for a perfon to difphy his abi- 
 lities. " A Urge Jii.'J to expatiate in.*' 
 Speff. la Painting or Heraldry, the ground 
 or lurt ace on which figures, or bearings are 
 drawn. 
 
 FIE'LDED, Part, encamped ; engaged in 
 war. " In the field of battle, our ftldtd 
 friends." Sbjk. 
 
 FiE'LD-BASIL, S. a plant. 
 FIE'LDFARE, S. [from/e/^. Sax. a field, 
 indfaran, Sax. to go or wander] a bird of 
 pallage, fuppofed to come from the northern 
 countries. 
 
 FIE'LD-MARSHAL, S. the commander 
 of an ..rrry in tlie field. 
 
 FIE'Li>-OFFlCER, S. an officer whofc 
 command, in the field, extends to a whole 
 regiment ; as the colonel, lieutenant-coluncl, 
 and major. 
 
 FIELD-PIECE, S. in Gunnery, fmall 
 cannon, ulcd only in battles, not in 
 fiiges. 
 
 FIEND, S. Ifyrd, Six. fend, Bcls. ftlr.d, 
 Teut. an enemy, jiendt, Sax. the devilj the 
 devil ; any infernal being. 
 
 FlKRCE, Adj. [/(/, Yt, ferax, Lat. <f»ij, 
 JE,u\. Srf, Or.] wild 5 furious; or not eafily 
 tamed ; violent ; outr.igeous. " Fierce winds." 
 Jjtr.cs iii. 2. Terriole, or caufing terror. 
 " Fierce look." 
 
 FIERCE'LY, Adv. In a furious, violent, 
 or outrageous manner. 
 
 FIERCE'NESS, S. wildnefs ; eagernefi 
 after flaughter ; quicknefs to attack ; out- 
 rageouinels ; violence, with refpeft to paffion. 
 Irreiiltible (orce, applied to motion. 
 
 Fl'ERI-FACIAS, S. [Lat. you may caufe 
 it to be done] in Law, a writ that lies where 
 a perfon has recovered judgment for debtor 
 damages, in the king's court, agalnft any one, 
 by which 'he flieriif is commanded to levy the 
 debt and damages on the delcndanl's goods 
 and chattel?. 
 
 Fl'ERlNESS, S. hot qualities; heat of 
 temper. 
 
 Fl'ERY, Adj. confifting of hot particles, 
 or fuch as burn ; burning with paflion ; heat- 
 ed by fire. " The fword which is m^AtJtery.'^ 
 Ihok. 
 
 FIFE, S. r//r«,Itil.] a flirlU pipe, blown 
 
 lik«
 
 F I G ^ 
 
 like a German flute, ufed to accompany the 
 drum in an army. 
 
 FIG, S. [fgue,Fr.fgo, Span.feige,TtuU 
 •vughe, ]ie]%,fic, ^ix. ficus, Lat.] the name of 
 a Iweet truit. Linnaeus ranges it in the third 
 feft. of his twenty-third clafs. The fpecies 
 are eJeven. 
 
 Fl/G-APPLE, S. an apple which has no 
 core in it. 
 
 Fl'G-MARIGOLD, S a plant relcmbling 
 houfe-leek, whofe leaves grow oppofue each 
 Other in pairs. 
 
 To FIGHT, V. A. [prefer, and part. pafi". 
 fought -^Jigan, ft!obtan,fythan, Sax.] lo contend 
 with another, either wich arms, ftick.^, or tlic 
 fill J to endeavour by blows, or other forcible 
 means, to get the beiter of, or to conquer 
 an enemy. Ul'ed both of war and fingle' 
 combat, 
 
 FIGHT, S. [fygbt, Sax ] a violent attack, 
 pr ftruggle, for o.nqueft between enemies, 
 applied both to armies and finglc perfons. 
 
 FI'GHTER, S. a perfon engaged in war, 
 or fmgle combat j a perfon fond ot fightini?. 
 
 Fl'GHTING, Particip. qualified, or fit foi 
 battle. " An ho.t of fghiing men." Citron,. 
 Where a battle is fought. " Infighting fields." 
 Pope. 
 
 FI'GMENT, S. [€gmentui7i, Lat.] a fabu- 
 lous flory j a mere fittion. 
 
 FI'GURABLE, Adj. [from fgura, Lat. J 
 capable, of being moulded in a certain form, 
 and retaining it. 
 
 FIGURABI'LITY, S. thequality of being 
 capable of a certain and permanent form. 
 
 FIGU'RAL, Adj. repreiented by delinea- 
 tion. The figural refernblanceb ol leveral re- 
 gions," Broiun. Figural nuinbeii are fuch as 
 may or do reprefent lome geometrical figure, 
 jn relation to which they are always confi- 
 dered. 
 
 FI'GURATE, M]. [Jiguratui,hut.] of a 
 certain and determinate form ; refembling any 
 thing of a determinate form. " Figuiaie 
 flones," Figuraie counterpoint, in ^lulic, is 
 that wherein there is a mixture o) difcords 
 with the concords. Figurate litj'cant, in Mufic, 
 is that wherein difcords areconcerneii, as well, 
 though not in much, as concoros. Sec 
 Descant. 
 
 FIGURA'TION, S, determination to a 
 certain form j the aft of giving a curtain 
 torriK 
 
 Fl'GURATIVE, Adj. in Divinity, ferving 
 ?s a type to reprefent fomethingelfe. In Rhe- 
 toric, changed from the literal meaning to one 
 jnore remote and elegant ; full of rhetorical 
 ^gures or embellishments. 
 
 FIGURATIVELY, Adv. by a figure; 
 Ji) a fenfe different from the literal rr,.an- 
 ?ng' 
 
 FrCURE, S. [Fr. of fgura, Ut ] the 
 form ot any thing as terminated by the out 
 y.ne ; fliape, perfon, or ext.rna) form ; 3 fta 
 fi^e j any thin^ repreiented by diawing 01 
 
 F I L 
 
 painting ; a charadler denoting a nunribc 
 In Logic, the fgure of a fyllogijm, is the 
 proper difpofition of the middle term with 
 the parts ot the queftion. In Aftrology, the 
 diagram of the afpefts of the aftronomical 
 houles. In Divinity, fome hieroglyphical 
 or typical reprefentation. In Rhetoric, any 
 mode of Ipeaking, by which words are iifed 
 in a fenfe difterent from their primary and 
 literal meaning. In Grammar, a devia- 
 tion tiom the rules of analogy, or fyntax. 
 In Djiicing, the making the figure of eight 
 ill going round a couple ; or the d'V rent 
 turnings and windings to be obferved iri any 
 n.ince. 
 
 To FI'GURE, V. A. [figurer, Fr. fguro, 
 Lat. J to form or mould into any particular 
 ftiape 5 to form a refembl'ance in painting, 
 drawing, or ftatuary ; to weave in flowers, or 
 other rel'emblances of nsturjl objedts ; to re- 
 prefent by types, or hieroglyphics ; lo form an 
 idea o^ a thing in the mind j to forefliew by 
 fome fign or token, " The heaven figures 
 fome event," Shak, 
 
 Fl'GWORT, S. a plant. 
 
 FILA'CEOUS, Adj. [flum, Lat. a thread] 
 confifling or compofed of threads. " It i? 
 the ftalk that maketh the flaaous matter." 
 Baco". 
 
 FILA'MENT, S. [Fr. fiUmenta, Lat.] ^ 
 fine flcnder thread, whereof natural bodies are 
 compofed. The htne as FIBRE, 
 
 FIL'BERT, S, a fine hag'e-nut with 4 
 thin fliell, and a remarkable long-bearde4 
 hufk. 
 
 To FII.CFI, V. A. [fitxy, Teijt, covet- 
 ous] to take away the property of another 
 privately; generally applied to ftealing or tak- 
 ing away trifles, 
 
 FPI.CHER, S. one who privately defrauds 
 another of fometbing of fmall value. 
 
 FILE, S. [Fr. fi!iim, Lat.] a thread or 
 feries, " Let me refume the^/<; of my rela- 
 tion.'' Wotton. A line on which papers ar« 
 ftrung to keep them ; a roll, or catalogue s 
 a line of foldicrs ranged behiiid pne an- 
 oiher. 
 
 FILE, S. \fco', Sajc. -vuhn, Belg. fii't, Ifl, 
 /f/;, \\w\. pila, Scalv. and Po\. pi/nik, Boh. J 
 an inftrument of fteel ufed to wear protube- 
 rances, or fm©oth iron or fteel by rubbing. 
 
 To FILE, V. A. [fliim, Lat. thread] tQ 
 ftring upon a thread, or hang upon wire; to 
 c'lt or wear away any roughnels with a file, 
 uomfeolan, Sax. Neuterly, to march, like 
 loldieis in a line, one after another. 
 
 Fl'LE-CUiTER, «. oi^e who make? 
 files, 
 
 Fl'LEMO r, S. [corrupted from feuilU- 
 mart'] brown colour, *' The colours yog are 
 to wifti for are blue, or fkmot." S-ufft, 
 
 Fl'LER, S. one who ufes a file in fmooth- 
 ing or lluping metals. In Lav/, one vyho 
 oft'ers a bill to the no-ice of a judge. 
 
 Fl'LIAI^, Adj. [F:, oi fii'ui, Lat.] a fon 
 ^ e witli
 
 F I L 
 
 with tbe affeflion of a fon ; bearing the cha- 
 rafler, or ftjnding in the relation of a fon. 
 
 FILI A'TiON, S. [offLus, Lat. a fonj the 
 rel^tiiin of a Ion to a father. 
 
 FI'LINGS, S. [without fingular] the 
 particles worn off by the rubbing of a file. 
 
 To FILL, V. A. [fy!/a?!,fut/an, Sax. /a/ 
 ten, Teut.j to pour, or put in till a thing, or 
 vefisl, can cont.i^n no irore ; to ftore abun 
 dantly, or plenteoufly. " Fill the waters in 
 the fea." Gen. v\. 13. To fatisfy, or con- 
 tent the appetite, wifh, or def;re?. To fill out, 
 to p.n;r liquor out of one velfel till it fills 
 another ; to fwell or extend by means of 
 ' fomething contained ; to grow full ; to glut, 
 or fatiate. 
 
 FILL, S. as much as a thing can contain ; 
 as much as m^y fatisly or content. 
 
 FIL'LER, S. any thing that fills up room 
 without life. " 'Tis a mere filler^ Dryd. 
 One who is employed to fill veffcls or car- 
 lia^fs. 
 
 Fi'LLET, S. \ filet, Yi.filurn, Lat.] a band 
 to tie round the bead, or any other part. The 
 flefhy part of the thigh, applied to a joint of 
 veal, cut from that part of a calf. In Cookery, 
 any mtat rolled ici^ether, and tied round. In 
 Architefture, a little member which appears 
 in ornaments and mouldings, called likewife 
 a l\Jl:l. 
 
 To FI'LLET, V. A. to bind with a fillet. 
 or bandage. In Architcflure, to adorn with 
 an afiragal, or liftel. " He made hooks for 
 the pillars, overlaid their chapiters, iRifilUtted 
 them." Exod. xxxviii. 28. 
 
 To Fl'LLlP, V. A. fof uncertain etymo- 
 logy] to ftrike with the nail by a fudden jerk, 
 or motion of the finger. " li I do, filhp me." 
 Shak. 
 
 FI'LLIP, S; a jerk of the finger let go 
 from the thumb ; a blow given with the nail 
 by a jerk of the finger. 
 
 FI'LLY, S. [filoy, Bnt.filk, Yt.filia, Lat. J 
 a young mate. 
 
 FILM, S. [Sax.] a thin Ikin, membrane, 
 Cr pellicle. 
 
 To FILM, V, A. to cover with a Ikin or 
 pellicle. " It will but Ikin and film the ul- 
 cerous place." Shak, 
 
 FI'LMY, Adj. confiftjng of membranes, 
 fkins, or pellicles. 
 
 To FI'LTER, V. A. [Jiltro, low Lat.] to 
 clarify or purify liquois by means of threads ; 
 to ftrain through paper, flannel, (fc. 
 
 Fl'LTER, S. \filirum, Lat.] a twift of 
 thread, one end of which is dipped in feme 
 fluid to be cleared, and the other hanging 
 dov/n on the ouifide of the vefi'ci, the liquor 
 by that means dripping from it. Figuratively, 
 a ftrainsr, or any thing ufed to clear liquors by 
 percolation. 
 
 FILTH, S. [Sax. oi ful, Sav. h\i\,fulUha, 
 eld Fr.] dirt, or any thing which fouls, or 
 makes a thing foul ; any thing which pollutes 
 the foul. 
 
 F I N 
 
 FI'LTHILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as t* 
 render a thing nafty, or to pollute the mind, 
 
 Fi'LTHINESS, S. dirtmefs ; any thing 
 foiled, or daubed ; corruption ; pollution. 
 
 Fl'LTHY, Adj. made foul, nafty, or 
 dirty. Grot's, or polluted, applied to the 
 mind. 
 
 To FILTRATE, V. A. [See Filter] 
 to pafs ©r (train liquor through a cloth, linen- 
 brig, brown paper, (£/c. to clear it from oegs, 
 or touliiefs. 
 
 FILTRA'TION, S. the art of making 
 liquor fine and clear hy draining. 
 
 FIM'BLE-HEMP, S. [fin.w, Ifl. quick, 
 nimble, lightj light fummer-hemp, which 
 bears no feed. 
 
 FIN, S. [fin, S^x.fietine, Teut. a fcalc, th?, 
 Belg.j a part of a fifh nude I'omewhat like a 
 feather, ferving to keep the fi/h upright, with- 
 out vacillation or wavering, and alfo to forte 
 its way through the water. 
 
 Fl'NABLE, Adj. [from/««] that which 
 admits a fine. 
 
 FI'NAL, Adj. [Fr. finalit, Lat.] lad, or 
 that which has noihing beyond it j at the 
 end; conclufive ; decifive; complete. "The 
 final conqueft of Ireljnd." Bjc/ics. Final 
 cauje, is the end for which any thing is 
 done. 
 
 Fi'NALLY, Adv. laftly ; to conclude } 
 pertettiy ; decifively ; or without recovery. 
 
 Fl'NANCE, S. [IV. feldom ufed in the 
 fmgularj the amount cf the taxes of a govern- 
 ment, or that of the profi:s or income of a 
 private perfon. 
 
 Fl'NANCER, S. [Fr.] one who collefts 
 or fdrms the taxes mt public revenue. 
 
 FINCH, S. \fi>ic, Stx.j a I'mall finging- 
 bird, of which we have thiee fpccies, Tia. the 
 golden-finch, chafi-finch, and bullfinch. 
 
 To FIND, V. A. [pretrr. / ha-ve found, 
 part. ^rcX. found ; fi'idun. Sax. 'v'tnden Bcig.J to 
 difcover any thing loft, mifiaid, or out of fight 
 before, by means of fcarching j to difcover or 
 attain the knowledge of a thing by ftudy, from 
 finthan, Goth. To find out, to folve a difficul- 
 ty ; to invent. 
 
 Fl'NDER, S. a perfon who difcovers fome- 
 thing loft, miflaid, or not in fight. 
 
 FINE, Adj. [fi'Jne, i'r.fiin, Beig and Erfe, 
 fein, Teut. fino, Ital.J made of very (lender 
 threads, aj plied to linens or cloth, and op- 
 pofed to coarfe. Refined, or pure from drof"^, 
 applied to mstals. Clear and free from fedi- 
 mcnts or foulnefs, applied to liquors. Refin- 
 ed, too lubtle, or too high, applied to fenti- 
 ments. Elegant, applied to ftile, or expref- 
 fion in compofition. Handfome and majeftic, 
 applied to perfonal charms. Splendid, applied 
 to drcfs. Ironically ufed as an expielfinn 
 of fomething rather fpurious than real, 
 or rather deferving contenr.pt thai appro- 
 bation. " A fine exchange tor liberty !" 
 Philips. 
 FINE, S. [Jfin, Btit,] in Law, an agree- 
 ment 
 
 %
 
 1 1 N 
 
 F I R 
 
 mcnt made before juP.ices, and entere^^ upon ] To FI'NISH, V. A. [J^nie, Tr.Jinio, Lat.] 
 rrcird for the ret'.ling or alluring of" Janls or j to ccafe (lom wjrk.iiig ; to accofHplifti, per- 
 
 tfinemcnts, in order to cut off ^.11 coi.troverfif s, 
 to lecure ths title a perfon l)as in h's efnte 
 againll all o h.-rs, or lo cut elf entails, lb ihat 
 lands may, v/ith the jjrcater certai^aty, be con 
 veyed either in fee-tail for life, or years; a 
 fum of money paid and advanced for the in 
 come of lanos ; a certain fum paii) to excule a 
 
 etT, or complete an uiidertakingj to polfh, 
 or brinj to the utmoft excellence or periettion. 
 to put an end to. ' 
 
 FUNISHER, S. a performer ; an accom- 
 pll/hcr 5 one who puts an end to, or couipietes 
 an uiulsrtaiting. 
 
 FINITE, Adj. [/„•:.-«, L.c] thatwhic'ti 
 
 perfon from the difcharge of an office J a fum '•' limited with rclpeit to buik, or uthcr 
 
 Ri'sii'ifs or perteftions ; that which may oe 
 rcndeie.H greater, more numerous, or moie 
 perled ; that which may receive an dJdiuon 
 or incifdfe to any of its qiiali ies. 
 
 li'NlTLLV, Adv. within certain limits 
 
 of money, or fovtcit, paid, as an amends, or 
 by way ot puniiTiment, (or an (jfii;iice com- 
 Diltlcd. 
 
 In FINE, Adv. [en fn, Fr. of fuls, Lat, 
 the end] t-iconcluae; in concliifiun 
 
 To FINE, V. A. [from /«, Adj.] to or degrCrs. 
 
 efine, or punfv ; to make a pei!i<n pay ino 
 
 ney as a pumlliment. Neuteily, ta pay a limited 
 
 Fl'NlTENESS, S. the quality t,f being 
 
 luni of money to be cxculed lioiii lerving an 
 office. 
 
 T.. Fl'NEDRAW, V. A. to few up a 
 rent, or nne piece of cloth to another, in 
 fuch a manner, as the feam fhail not be 
 vifible. 
 
 Fl'NEDRAWER, S. a perfon who pro- 
 feffcs to tcw up the rents, er join one piece 
 of wooUv-n cloth to another in fuch a man- 
 ner, as the feam or joining fhali not be vi- 
 fible. 
 
 EINELY, Adv. with elegance of thought 
 and exprellioD, applied to the ftile of an au 
 thor. Witli a thin edge or point. Splendid- 
 ly; richly, applied to dreis. In very fnsall 
 particles, applied to powder. 
 
 Fl'NENliSS, S. ihtw, fplendor, or gsiety, 
 applied to drcfs. Subtlety ; ingenuity. " The 
 Jtnenefs of their fouls." Shuk, Freeaonn from 
 drefs, or impure mixtures. 
 
 FI'NERY, S. gaiety of drcfs. 
 
 FINE'SSE, S. [Fr. pronounced fi^efs] a 
 fly, artful ftratagem. Johnfou obfeives that 
 this word is uiiiicccliary, though creeping into 
 cur laii{!U3ge. 
 
 FI'NEK, one that clears or purifies metals 
 from their drols. 
 
 Fl'NER, Adj. the comparative dejrje of 
 fiae, made by adding r or er to the pohtive, 
 after the manner of the Saxons. 
 
 FINTOOTED, Adj. having a fkin or 
 membrane growing or extendiny; between the 
 tpes, appled to the feet of water-fowl. 
 
 FIN'GER, S. [ /Tnge/-, Sax. Dan. and Tcut. 
 offtro^en, Sax. or f:iKge>i, Teut. to hold, jf«- 
 gur, lll.j one ot the five members at the 
 extreme part of the hand, by which we catch 
 and hold any thing. 
 
 To FIN'GER, V. A. to touch fiightly, or 
 toy with. Figuratively, to take ty lleahli. In 
 Mufic, io touch or found an inftrilmcnt. 
 
 FINI'CAL, A,iy (from/m-J nice; fop- 
 piOi ; too much afi'ecfing elegance of drefs and 
 behaviour. 
 
 Fl'MlCALLY, Adv. fopplfli)y. 
 _ ri'NiCAl.NESS, S. too g-eat an affeaa- 
 tion ol niccucls and ele/.nce. 
 
 FI^NITUDE. S. a confinement within 
 cer'ain limits and degiees. 
 
 FiN'LESS, Adj. wi-hout fins. 
 
 FIN'NED, Anj. having fins; having bioad 
 edges ipreadinj; out on eitljer Jide. " A bioad 
 /:nred p'louih," H'hrlin:, 
 
 FiN'tlKE, Adj. rcfsir.bling fins, or formed 
 in imitations of fins. " Oinf>i'/:h o-ixs." Dryd^ 
 
 FIN'NY, Adj. furriiihed with, or having 
 fins. 
 
 FINTO'ED, Adj. having a membrane or 
 (kin crowing to the toes. 
 
 FFPPLE, K. [fbu!a, Lat.] a Hopple, or 
 ftopper. " Were it not for the /j.p's that 
 ftraitheneth the air." Eacon. 
 
 FIR, S. [J^VT, Brit. ^r. Dan./Kr^, Sar. 
 ■vueren, Belg. in Latin,- the abits\ ths tree 
 which produces deal boards. 
 
 FIRE, S. [fyr, Six.feiur, Teut./.«, Fr.] 
 among the antient i'hiiofophers, one of the 
 elements created wiih a pawer of heating, 
 burning, aud, deflroying. Among Moderns, 
 the eftedl of a rapid interiial moaon of the 
 particles of a body,' by whicli their cohefioii 
 is deftroyed j or in oiher wordf, whatever 
 heats, warms, liquifies, or burns. Figurative- 
 ly, a conf.agration, or burning, whereby 
 houfes are dcltroyed ; flarti?, luHre, or bright- 
 nels. " Stars, hide yourf res." Hhai. Hsit 
 of temper or pp.ffion ; livelinefi of ima- 
 gination ; vigour of mind ; fufceptibility of 
 anger. To jet on fie, is to kindle, or wrap 
 in flames. 
 
 To FIRE, V. A. to burn, or deftroy by 
 fire. Ncuieriy, to burn ; to take fire. Fi- 
 guratively, to be inP.amed with palhon. In 
 W.U-, to difcbariic a gun, or any fire-ai;ns. 
 
 Fl'RE-ARMS, S. thofe which are ciat^ed 
 with povvikr and ball. 
 
 FIRE-EALL. .S. a ball filled with com. 
 buftibles, buriltng'where it is thrown, and 
 ufed in war ; a granadu. " Like fo many 
 Jire-ballsJ''' So'fh. 
 
 PFREBRAND,S. a pieceof wood kindled, 
 or bun/irg. Figuratively, a pubhc incendiaiy; 
 oc one v.'ho caui'es farSiions orcoDimpiio.is in 
 a iiate. 
 
 £ e z FI'RE.
 
 F I R 
 
 FI'RE-CROSS, S. a fignal, ufcd in Scot- 
 land, for the nation to take arms. 
 
 FI'RELOCK, S. that part of a gun which 
 holds the prime, and ^y means of a trigger 
 fets fire to it. Figuratively, a gun. 
 
 FI'RE-MAN, S, one who is employed by 
 the infurance companies in extinguiiLing 
 burning houfes. 
 
 Fl'RE'NEW, Adj. perfeflly new, or ne- 
 ver u!ed, alluding lo thofe metals' which are 
 forged by means of fire, or formed by melt- 
 ing. 
 
 FIRE-PAN, S. [fyre penne, Sax.] a pan 
 
 F I S 
 
 FIRMA'MENT, S. [Fr. firmamtnlum, 
 Lat.] the /ky ; the heavens. 
 
 FiRMAME'NTAL, Adj. celeftial, or 
 btlonging to the fky. " Firmamental witexs." 
 DryJ. 
 
 FIRM'LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as not 
 to be moved, fhaken, or penetrated eafily j 
 fteadily. 
 
 FIRM'NESS, S. a ftate of a body wherein 
 the parts cohere, or ftick together fo Wrongly, 
 that they cannot be eafily penetrated ; a fta.e 
 of mind free from doubt or charg;e. 
 
 FIRST, Adj. [firji, S^x. fiyft, or frfta. 
 
 of metal ufed in holding fire 5 a (hovel ; the fern, of frfiur, Ifl. -vturji, eerji, Beig, 
 
 that part of gun which holds the prime 
 and receives the fire from the collifion of the 
 flint. 
 
 FI'RESHIP, S. \fyrdfcip. Sax-] a fliip 
 or vefTel filled with combuftibles, ani let to 
 drive in an engagement among the fleet of an 
 enemy to let it on fire. 
 
 FI'RESHOVEL, S. ^fyre^aff, Sax.] an 
 inflrumeiu with which coals are thrown on 
 fires. 
 
 FI'RESIDE, S. the hearth, chimney, or 
 place near a grate, or fire-ftove. Figurative- 
 ly, a family, " Remember me to your Jire- 
 fider 
 
 FI'RESTONE, S. in Natural Hiftory, the 
 pyritci, a foffil compounded of vitriol, ful- 
 phur, and earth. That ufed in medicine it 
 of a greenifh colour, of a Ihapelcls form, 
 found in our clay-pi's, and produces the green 
 vitriol. It derives its name fieflone, or py- 
 rites, from giving fire, on being ftruck againfl 
 a fteel, more eafily and freely than a tiint ; 
 all the fpaiks of it burn longer and grow 
 larger as ihey f„ll, the ir.fiamjnable matter 
 struck from the ftone burning ilfelf out be 
 fore the fpark is extinguiihed. Likewife a 
 kind of Ryegate ftone, fo called from the 
 place whence it comes, ufed for fire-hearths, 
 ovens, and ftove?. 
 
 FI'REWORK, S. a preparation made of 
 gunpowder, fulphur, and other inflammable 
 fubiiances, ufed on public rejoicings, or other 
 occafions. 
 
 Fl'RING, S. combuftibles made^ufe of to 
 kindle, and lupply fires with j the aift of 
 difcharging fire- arms. 
 
 To FIRK, V. A. [feriar.. Sax. of feno, 
 Lat. to fltike] to whip j tj beat ; to flrike by 
 way of punifhment. '* To Jirk and whip 
 another's fin." Hud. 
 
 Fl'RKlN, S. [fetoban, Sax. the fourth] 
 a meafure containing the fourth part of a 
 barrel. The firkin of ale, foap, and butter, 
 contains eiglit g<illons, and that of beer, 
 nine. 
 
 FIRM, Adj. [fimus, Lat.] ftrong ; not 
 eafily pierced, fhoken, or Oioved j liard 5 flcd- 
 fafV, fixed, or unfhaken. 
 
 To FIRM, V. A. [fnno, Lat.] to fix ; 
 fettie ; eftabl/hj or confirm. " iF'./ff; thefe 
 oment tl^u haft maJe." Fife, 
 
 erfl, Teut. forjle, Dan. frumiji, Goth.] that 
 which is earlieft in time ; that which is 
 before all others in order j that which is no- 
 bleft in dignity j that which exceeds all other 
 in excellence. 
 
 FIRST, Adv. in the firft place. Follow- 
 ing lit, beginning of exiflente, a£lion, (S'c. 
 FWJl or lajl, at one time or another. 
 
 fIR'ST-FRUITS, S. [not ufed in the 
 fiiigularj that which is firlt produced by any 
 vegetable, or which is fooneft ripe in the 
 feafon ; the firft profits, or firft year's income 
 of a beneiice. 
 
 FI'RSTLING. S. the firft produce or of- 
 fering of aiiimals. Figuratively, the firft 
 thing done or performed. •' The Jirfllitigs of 
 my hand," SJ.ak. 
 
 FI'SCaL, S. [ffcus, Lat. a treafury] a 
 public revenue ; exchequer. " The ©rdinary 
 _^fj/ and receipt." Bacon. 
 
 FISH, S. [fjtes, plural, but fjh is gene- 
 rally ufed in coiiverfatioh,y«, S^x. uji. Got*?. 
 f/.ur, Ifl. fjch, Teut. -vijcb, Belg. fJA, Dan. 
 pjcis, Lat. J an animal wnich inhabits the 
 water. 
 
 To FISH, V. N. to be employed in catch- 
 ing fifli. Figuratively, to endeavour to difco- 
 ver any fecret by craft or fubtlety. 
 
 Fl'SHER, S. [ffcere, Six. Jfcher, Teut.] 
 one who is employee! in catching fifh. 
 
 Fl'SHER Man, S. one who gets his live- 
 lihood by catching filh. 
 
 Fl'SHER Y, S. the aftion of catching fifh j 
 the place where fifli abound, and are generally 
 fought for. 
 
 Fi'SHFUL, Adj. abounding in fifh. " Fifi- 
 ful and naviganle rivers." Caind. 
 
 FI'SH-KOOK, S. a bearded hook, with 
 which fifh are caught. 
 
 To FKSHIFY, V. A. to turn to fifh. " O 
 flefh, flefh, how art l[\ou fipifed T Shak. 
 
 IT'SHING, S. conveniency of, or a con- 
 venient place«for, taking fifh. 
 
 Fi'SHY, Adj. conlifting, or having the 
 qualities of fifh ; tafting like fi/h. 
 
 FIS'SILE, Adj. [fjfuh, Lat.] that which 
 may be cleft. 
 
 FIS'SILITY, S. the quality of being fit t» 
 b; cloven. 
 
 FIS'SURE, S. IFt.fJJura, Lat.Jadeft; 
 a narrow chalm or gaping, 
 
 T«
 
 F I T 
 
 F I X 
 
 To FIS'SURE, V. A. to cleave ; to make! FIT'LY, Adv. [from fi] in a proper 
 a cleft. "The flcull may be ^/S/Tare^ or frac-1 manner ; reafonabljr. 
 tured." TVifem. FIT'NESS, S. reafonablenefs ; juftnefs ; 
 
 FIST, S. \fyft, Sax. olfujlh, Lat. a ciub, fuitablenefs. 
 wa_vy?, Beig. /aa//, Teut.] the hand clenched FIT'TER, 8. the perfon who renders a 
 with the thumb or finger, doubled over each thing proper and fuitable to any particular 
 other, in order to give a blow, or hold a thing defign or purpofe ; a fmall piece, from ftta. 
 
 fall. 
 
 To FIST, V. A. to ftrike with the hand 
 clenched ; to hold with the hand clenched. 
 " Fijiing each other's throat." Shak. 
 
 FI'S'l'lCUFFS, S. [not ufcd in the fingu- 
 larj battle or blows with the fift. Figura- 
 tively, the action of fighting. " My inven- 
 tion and judgment are perpetually iX.f.Jlicuffs.'" 
 Hivift. 
 
 FIS'TULA, S. [Lat.] in Surgery, a deep, 
 winding, callous, cavernous ulcer, with a nar- 
 row entrance, opening into a fpacious bottom, 
 and generally yielding a lliarp and virulent mat- 
 ter. Fijiula in ano, is a fiftula formed in the 
 fundament. Fijiula lachrymalii, a diforder 
 of the canals leading from the eye to the 
 nofe. 
 
 FIS'TULAR, Adj. in Surgery, having the 
 nature of, degenerating into, or callous and 
 finuous like a filtula. In Botany, refembling 
 a pipe, applied to the leaves ol plants which 
 are hollow within. Among fiorifts, applied 
 to thofe flowers, which are compofed of many 
 hollow long ones, refembling pipes. 
 
 FIS'TULOUS, Adj. having the nature of, 
 or refembling a fillula ; compofed of a colkc- 
 tion or afl'emblage of pipes. 
 
 FIT, S. Ihomfyht, Sax.] in Medicine, 
 an accefs or paroxyfin of a diforder ; any Ihort 
 return after ceffation or intermillion j any 
 violent atteil ion ot the mind. Ufed vulgarly 
 for the hyftencs in women ; the ccnvuHions in 
 children ; the epilepfy in men, or that ftale 
 wherein all the animal funftions feem on a 
 fudden fufpended, and the perfon is for a ihort 
 time like one who is dead, 
 
 FIT, Adj. [yitun, Belg.j proper, or fuited 
 to any purpofe, with for before a noun, and 
 to before a verb. Right, or the duy of a 
 perfon. " It is ft for a man to know his 
 own abilities." bacon. 
 
 To FIT, V. A. [-vitter:, Flem.] to make 
 one thing fuit another ; to match j to adapt ; 
 to fuit J to equip; to make proper for the 
 reception of a perfon. 
 
 FI rCK, S. [a corruption of Fetch'\ a fmall 
 kind of wild pea. " Sowing of ftcbe:." 
 ^uff. 
 
 FITCHE'E, Adj. \fche, Fr.j in He- 
 raldry, fharp pointed, generally applied to a 
 ciofs. 
 
 FI'TCHAT, or Fl'TCHEW, S {fjj'au, 
 Fr. fjje, Belg.J a ftiiiking animal of a imall 
 {viz, which robs warrens or hen-roofts ; a 
 polecat. " 'Tis fuch anotherj?cri)«'w." Shdk. 
 FIT'FUL, Adj. fubjeft to fits, faintings, 
 paroxyfms, or intermiliions. " After life's 
 ftful fever." Bibak, 
 
 \u\. fetz.en, Teut. 
 
 FITZ, S. [Norm from fh, Fr, a "fon] 
 a fyllable gi-neral.y occurring in Irifh names, 
 not, as fome have imagined, to denote the 
 perlon to be of fpurious birth, but in compli- 
 ance with the ancient cui'.om obferved be- 
 fore the ufe of furnames, when a perfon took 
 his father's name with the addition of his 
 being his fon. To this may be added from* 
 good authority, as quoted by Camden, that 
 it was a cuftom among the ancient Irilh, 
 when the lather died, for the fon to take the 
 name, left it Ihould be forgotten ; hence the 
 names Fitaberlfert, Fitzgerald, derive their 
 origin, and not from the founder of the 
 family's having been a ballard. 
 
 FIVE, Adj. Iff, Sax. fimf Goth, fim. 
 Run. fmm, 111. fgnf, Precop. pump, Brit. 
 vuf, -vu-ve, Belg. fimf, Teut. pang, Perf. 
 'miyli, Gr.J a number confiding of two and 
 three added, being one more than four, and 
 one lefs than fix, 
 
 FI'VELEA VED, S. a kind of grafs, called 
 likewife cinquefoil. 
 
 FIVES, S. a kind of play, confifting of 
 ftriking a ball, &c. a particular height againft 
 a wall, the perfon who miiles a ftroke lofing 
 one each time he miffes. In Farriery, a 
 difeafe in horfes. 
 
 To FIX, V, A. [fxsr, Fr. fixus, Lat.] 
 to faften a thing fo as it fliall not eafily be 
 fliaken or moved ; to efrabli/h without chang- 
 ing ; to direft without variation ; to make 
 any thing of a volatile nature capable of bear- 
 ing fire, without evaporating, or the ham- 
 mer, v/ithout breaking or flying, Neuterly, 
 to fettle an opinion, determine the refolutionj 
 to reft ; to ceafe from wandering. 
 
 FIXA'TION, S. a difpolition of mind not 
 given to ch'ange ; the adl of fixing the mind 
 without wavering; refolution. In Chemiftry, 
 the adl of reduiing a volatile and fluid fub- 
 flance to a hard one, 
 
 FIXE'DLV, Adv. certainly; firmly; inva- 
 riably; unchangeably, " fmii/y eftablilhed." 
 Lacke. 
 
 FIX'ED, Part, not moving. The fxed 
 flars, in Aftronomy, are fuch as do not move 
 m orbits. 
 
 FiX'EDNESS, S. ftability, firmnefs, refo- 
 lution, or a difpofition of mind not given to 
 change; a power to remain in fire uncon- 
 fumed, or to be^r the hammer without flying ; 
 lofs of volatibility, 
 
 FIX'ITY, S. [See FIXEDNESS] a flrong 
 cohefion of parts, opuofed to volatibility. " Are 
 kept from fuming away, not only by their 
 •fxity."' Newt, 
 
 E e 3 FIX'TUREj
 
 FLA 
 
 FIX'TURE, S. [a corrviption o^ fxure] 
 thinas which are fixed to the premires. 
 
 FiX'CRE, S. a pofuion. " The fxure 
 of her eye hath motion in it." iihak. A ihone 
 prefTure. " The firm f.rure of thy foot." 
 Ebak. Firmnefs, or ftjte ot'fixsdnefs. " Quiie 
 from thelr^x;.r*." Shai. 
 
 FIZ'GIG, S. [I'ffue, Teut.] a kind of 
 dart Of harpoon ufed i" ftrike fifii wi;fi. 
 
 FLAB'BY, Adj. [ fiappo. It 1. foft or 
 mo'id, finche, Fr. fticco, Ital. Uom f.accidus, 
 Lat. or from iab'ili^, Lat. flipperv, according to 
 B^i'ey] •^'anting firmnefs ; cafily ftiaLlng and 
 yielding to ihe touch.' 
 
 FLAC'CiD, Adj. [fhcadut, Lat.] weak; 
 wantina ftifrntrs ; or tenfisn. 
 
 FLa'CCJ'DITV, S. wantof fViftnefs. 
 To FLAG, V.N. \fl.:g^^ror., r.dg. Jaccare, 
 Jul.] to hang down h.-nber, or without ftitf 
 nefs. Figuratively, to grow faint, fpiritlefs, 
 or deje£Ved ; to lofe vigour, or grow feeble, 
 naively, to let fall, or fuffer to droop. " F/jg 
 their v/ings." Prior. 
 
 FLAG, S. [from the vh^ fia^g, 1(1.] a 
 wrater plant, with a broad-backed it-af, bear, 
 ing jellow flowers, fo called from iismoti.)n, 
 when agitated with the v;ind. The colours 
 or enfigns of a fliip, or regiment, by which 
 fignals are made at fea, and armies are di- 
 ftinguifhcd on land. A fpecies of broad 
 f^one uled for pavemsnis 3 from facbi) 
 old Fr. 
 
 FLA'GELET, S. \fageoIet, Fr.] a kind of 
 fmali flute, madeof ivofV, box, or fonae other 
 hard wood, with fix holes or (lops, befides 
 that at tiie bottom, the mouth-piece, and that 
 behind the neck. 
 
 FLAGELLA'TION, S. If/tgeVatus, Lat. 
 fcouigedj the aft of whipping or flriking with 
 a icourge. 
 
 FLA'GGINESS, S, the ftate of a thing 
 which hangs or droops for want of ftifi 
 refs. 
 
 FLA'GGYj Adj, weak; limber; droop 
 ing tor wane of ftiffnefs ; v.eak of taile j in- 
 fipid. " A fxcixjlaggy apple." Fac. 
 
 'FLAGI'TIOUS, Adj. [jiagUif:'!, hyt.] 
 ccmrtiitted with deliberation, ani obftinate 
 wickednefs, applied to things. O^ftinately 
 and exceOively wicked and villainous, applied 
 to perfons. 
 
 FLAGI'TIOUSNESS, S. obftinate and 
 v.'il'nl villainy, or wickednefs. 
 
 FLA'G OFFICER, S. the commander 01 
 a fquadron. 
 
 FL A'GON, Ijajha, Din.fjccnjr. Xayavc;, 
 Gr.] a large drinking pot, with a narrow 
 mouth. ' ' 
 
 FLA'CRANCY, S. [fagmrt-.,!, Lar.] 
 burning, filming, glittering, or heat ; ardour 
 cf aftedtinn ; notoriety of a crime. 
 
 FLA'GRANT, Adj. [Fr. oifagrans, Lat.] 
 ?rdent ; hot, or vehement ; glowing ; flufhed; 
 
 FLA 
 
 verfally known, ajjulled to crimes. ** If the 
 crime be Cojhgrar.r." Swft. 
 
 I LA'GSHiP, S. a (hip commanded by a 
 general officer ; or fhip which carries the 
 ofrirer w!io comm.inds a fleet. 
 
 FLA'G-STAFF, S. the (iaffon which tho 
 fl.\a is fixed. 
 
 FLAIL, S. [fagtHum, Lat. ] an indru- 
 m-nt with which corn is beaten out of the 
 ear. 
 
 FLAKE. S. \ fnc'w, Iti]. flnerus, Lat.] any 
 thiog which ^'pp^ars loofely held together Iks 
 i flock of wool; anything which beaks in 
 thin p'cccs or lamina ; a 'layer or ffr.-;Mm. 
 
 To FLAKE, V. A. to form in fl.ikes, or 
 thin pieces loofely joined together. " F/ake 
 the fleecy flow." t'cpe. , 
 
 FLA'KY, Adj.' H*eaking in fmall pieces 
 likefcales; lying m layers or ftrata. 
 
 FL.AM, S a lye, o^ falfe report; a mere 
 deceif or ilmfory pretext ; a (ham. 
 
 ToFLA.\f, V, A. [from the noun] tn 
 deceive with a feigned ftory ; to be put off 
 wuh an idle tale. " God is not to be fammd 
 with lyes." South. 
 
 FLA-ME, S. [fjirmi, Yr. flamma, Lar,] 
 a fume, vapour, or exhalarios, heated fo as to 
 emit light, or fliine. Figuratively, fire ; 
 brightnefs 0} ims^ination or fancy ; the paf- 
 fion of love : th^' obiedt of love. 
 
 To FLAME, V. N. to bum fo a? to emit a 
 fhining or bright light ; to fhine like a flame; 
 to be in an excels of paflion. 
 
 FLA'MEN, S. [Lat.] a prieft among the 
 ancient Romans, who offtciated in their reli- 
 gious rites ; and offered up factifices, £f/r. 
 
 FLAMMA'TION, S. [farr.ma, Lat.] the 
 att of fetting on flame. 
 
 FLAMM.VBlLITY,S.the quality of being 
 capable to be fet on flame. " The principles 
 oi Fair.tvabihty.^^ Brczun, 
 
 FLA'MMEOUS. Adj. [fammeus, L^t. 
 confuting cf, cr refembling flame. " This 
 f/at}:!K€oris light." Ercivn. 
 
 FL.A'MY, Adj. burning fo as to emit 
 flames, or btightnefs ; inflamed; having the 
 nature of flames, 
 
 FLA'XDER.S, [Propfr,] a province of 
 the Low Countries, and its firft county or 
 earldom, in Flemifh called Vlanderen, and 
 in Latin Flandria. It is bounded by Hainaulr, 
 .Art., is, and part of Picardy, on the S. the 
 North Sea on the W. the fame fea on the N. 
 with tiie Hond, a branch of the Schtld, that 
 parts it from Zealand, and by the marquifate 
 of the Holy Empire, Brabant, and part of 
 Hainault, on the E. It is fifty miles long, 
 and about the fame in breadth. It is now 
 divided into three p?rts ; namely, Auftrian, 
 French, and Duch Flanders. T.'^:e houfe of 
 Auftria have the greateft fhare, with Ghent 
 its capital. The French pcflefs the S. W. 
 part, in which are Lifle and Dunkirk ; and 
 
 inflamed. " The beadle's lafh ftill fflgranA the Dutch the N. E. part, in which are the 
 cn their backs." Frior, Notorious, or uai- ' ilrong fortrelfcs of Sluys, Sas-v-n-Ghent. and 
 
 Hulft.
 
 FLA 
 
 Hulft. The inhabitan's are very laborious, 
 both in cultivating ciieir land, and in iheir 
 manufadlures and trade, which no nation un- 
 derftand better. The air near the fea is thick 
 and raw ; but the higher you lemove inland, 
 the clearer and finer the air. At a diftance 
 from the lea the country produces a great deal 
 of wood, either for tinnber or futl. Here 
 they ieed a vaft number ol horle?, but nioftly 
 fitter for the plou-ih than any other ufe. This 
 country abounds with «xi-!lent paftures for 
 black cattle apd ilieep. The foil produces 
 abundance of com, greens, and fruit of all 
 forts ; and they brev/ in this province a great 
 deal of excelieat beer. It is extremely popu- 
 lous, a perfe£l level, watered with innumer- 
 able rivers and canals, being conveniently fi- 
 tuated for trade, with fome of the fiiieft cities 
 in Europe, and above loco other towns and 
 villages. It has for fome ages paft been the 
 fcene of bloody wars : and (omeiimes the 
 whole ten provinces of the Netherlands are 
 called Flanders. Its principal rivers are the 
 Schcld, the Lys, the Dendtr, and the Scarp. 
 
 FLANK, S. [flanc, Fr.J that part of an 
 'animal below the loins j the fide of an army 
 cr fleet, oppofed either to front or rear. In 
 Fortification, that fait cf a baiiion which 
 reaches from the cuitain to tiic face. 
 
 To FLANK, V. A. to attack the fide of 
 a battalion, or fleet ; to be placed fo as to be 
 oppofite to the fide of a battalion, fleet, or 
 place ; to be en the lide. 
 
 FLAN'KARD, S. tlie knots or lumps on 
 the fide of a deer. 
 
 FLA'NKER, S. a fortification jutting out 
 fo as to command the fide of a body marching 
 to an ilTult. 
 
 FLANKS, S. [plural] in Farriery, a difeafe, 
 hurt, or maim in the back of a horfe. 
 
 FLA''NN£L, S. [givlanen, Brit, from 
 g'ivlan, wool, lamHn, Lat. from lana, Lat. 
 woolj a kind of flight, loofe woollen fluff, 
 very warm, compufed of a wocf and warp, 
 woven on a loom, with two treddles, after the 
 manner of bays, i^c. 
 
 FLAP, S. [Uppi, Six.] any thing which 
 hangs down bro-d and loofe j the motion of 
 any thing br^,ad and loofe, or moving on 
 hinges; a blow given with the palm or the 
 band, iSc. In Faniery, a difeafe in horfes, 
 wherein the Ips fwell on both fides their 
 itiouths, and arc covered with blfleis lilie the 
 wnite of an egg. I'ly-fap is a piece of leather 
 fattened to tlie end oJ a flick, \iLd to kill 
 flies with. 
 
 ' To FLAP, V, A. to beat with the palm of 
 the hand, or fome broad ihin lubft.ince which 
 hangs looie ; to move with a noife made by 
 any thing broad ; to ply the winj^s up and 
 down with a noifa. 
 
 To FLARE, V. A. [Johnfon imagines it 
 to be a corruption of glare j to glitter, or flutter 
 with oftentatious and fplendid fhe.v j to 
 gli.ter. ♦• When the fun begins to fliiig his 
 
 FLA 
 
 flaring beams." Milt. To be overpowered 
 with, or be in too much light. " F'arhg 
 in lunfliine." Friar, To wafle away laviftily, 
 applied to the confuming of a candle or taper. 
 
 FLASH, S. [fAo^, Gr.j a (udden, quick, 
 tranfltory, or ftiort blaze, or burft of light j 
 a ludden olaze or burft of wit j a fhort iran- 
 flcnt ftate. 
 
 To FLASH, V. N. to glitter or fiiine with 
 a quick and tranficnt flame, or light ; to 
 buril out into any irregulaiity, or violence. 
 ■' He fiafpes into one grois crime or other." 
 Shak. 
 
 FLA'SHILY, Adv. in an oftentatious or 
 fliowy manner. 
 
 FLA'SHY, Adj. empty ; vain ; ofl:entati- 
 ou, ; (howy wiihout reality or funftance. 
 
 FLASK, S. [faxa.Six.fiaJke, D^njlife, 
 Span.^ajctf, Ital.J a tiiin bottle with a lung 
 and nanow neck, generally covered wiiJi 
 wicker or withes ; a Imall horn ufed tu carry 
 gunpowder in. *' A flcilful foldier's flajky 
 iikak. The bed in the carriage of a piece of 
 ordnance ; a narrow and deep wicker balket. 
 
 FLA'ilKET, S. [a diminutive of fiifk] a 
 wicker bailcet, in which cloaihs are generally 
 put by walher-women after wafhing, and ap- 
 plied to ctrier ufes ; a vellel in which vidluals 
 are feived up. '' With ^pia^n fiajketi grac'd." 
 Pope. 
 
 FLAT, Adj. horizontal, or level ; without 
 any flupe. " The houfes are fat roofed." 
 lAddij. Smooth, applied to furlace ; level 
 with the ground. " Lays cities_/^ar." Par. 
 Reg, Thin and broad, or more broad thaii 
 thick. " A fiat fifli." in Painting, without 
 relief or fweliing of the figures. Intipid, or 
 unfavoury, applied to talte. Dullj withjuC 
 fpirit; Irigid, applied to writings. Taile efs, 
 or aft'ordingno plesfure. " All earthly fatis- 
 faflions muft giuwyia^and unfavoury. "^.7fr^. 
 Downright j plain. " Flat defpiir." Fur, 
 Loft. 
 
 FLAT, S. an even, level, fmooth, and ex- 
 tended plain; a Ihallow ; the broad part or 
 lide of a weapon. D^'prcflion ; finking, ap- 
 plied to thought or 1 ingujge. " There are 
 no fiats amongfl his elevations," Dryd. A 
 lurlate without relief, protuberances, or pro- 
 minences, ia Muiic, J particular mark, iin- 
 piyliig that the note which it flaiKS agaiiift:, 
 IS to be played or fung half a note or tone 
 lower; and when at tiie beginning ot a line or 
 'pace, (hews, ihat all the notes out that line, 
 and within that Ipace, aie to be fuiigor played 
 naif a note lower than they would be, if ihs 
 mark ut tht fat wee not there. 
 
 To FLA'i , V. A. to make Lro.'d, fmocth, 
 and level. To make taftelefs, or vapid, ap- 
 pliej to liquor. To renaor iiifipid, unj)lj4- 
 faiiC, and difagreeable. To deprive ot its 
 vigour, fpirit, or plcalure, ap;.lied to thaiighc 
 01 language. To grow fmooth or fl^C, op- 
 pofed tojwell. 'J'o obftiud\ or deprive of ar- 
 aour, IpuTi, ot zeal. " Mote hkcly to/'jf, 
 £ e 4. itad
 
 '^\h A 
 
 Ihd jiind^r the fpirit of prayer and devotion." 
 fC, Charles. 
 
 FLATLY, Adv. horizontally, or without 
 floping, applied to fituation. Smootbly, or 
 without prominences, applied to furtace. 
 Without fpirit ; dully j plainly ; in a down 
 tight manner ; or without equivocation or 
 iiilpuife, applied to the manner oC exprefling. 
 
 FLA'TNESS, S. evennefs, without flop- 
 sng, applied to fituHian, Smoothnefs, with- 
 out prominences, applied to furface. Dezd- 
 hefs, or want of ftrength and taffe, applied to 
 liquors, or foods, Deje£lion, or languor, ap- 
 plied to the mind. \Vaiu of force, vigour, or 
 fpirit; dulnefs ; frigidity, applied to lenti 
 ments or writings. The contrary of fhrillneis 
 or acutenefs, applied to found. 
 
 To FLA'TTEN, V. A. to beat down or 
 remove any prominences or protuberances in 
 a furface ; to make fmooch ; to beat level 
 with the ground ; to make tai^elefs, or fpi- 
 titlefs, 
 
 FLAT'TER, Adj. the comparative degree 
 of J^at, formed after the manner of the Sa- 
 Scons, by adding er to the pofitive. 
 
 FLAT'TER, S. the perfon, or inftrument 
 by which any unequal furface is made plain 
 and level. 
 
 To FLA'TTER, V. A. \JlaUr, Fr.] to 
 compliment with falfe praifes ; to pleafe or 
 footh. " Fleafing fills the ears znd JlntUrs 
 them." Prac oj Fiety, To excite, or raife 
 falfe hopes and expedlalions. " Flattering 
 gale?.'' Milt. 
 
 FLA'TTERER, S. a perfo:i who endea- 
 vours to gain the favourof anotlie,- bypraifing 
 him for virtues he has not, by applauding hi' 
 vices, and by fervile and mean compliances' 
 with all his humours. 
 
 FLA'TTERY, S. a fervile and fawning 
 behaviour, attended with fervile compliances 
 and obfeQuioufnefs,in order to gain a perfon's 
 f avou r. 
 
 FLA'TTISH, Adj. fomewhat level, 
 fmnoth, or more b-oad than thick. 
 
 FLA'TULENCE, or FLA'TULENCY, 
 S. [from_//af«/e/;rjwiiidinefs; fulnefs of win'J; 
 a fwelling, or uneaiy fenfation, occalioneo hy 
 wind lodged in the inteftines. Eniptinefs ; 
 vanity ; airinefs ; want of foldity, applied to 
 lentimcnts. "The natural_/!'<jr«/?ni:d ofihit 
 airy Uheme.'' Glani', 
 
 FLATULENT, Adj. [faiukntus, Lar.] 
 fwelling with air; windy. Flatulent tumois, 
 in Meaicine, are !uc i as eafiiy yield to the 
 touchy and readily return, by their eiaiticitv, 
 to their fii ft lorm. Empty; vain; tumia ; 
 or fwelling without folidity or lubiiance. 
 '' Theiejla'ulen: writers." 
 
 FLATUO'SiTV, S. [Jiatuoliu', Fr. worn 
 flatui, Lat.] windinefs ; a fwelling occafioned 
 by an fjspanfion or rarefaction of air included 
 in any part of the body. 
 
 FLATL'OUS, Adj. abounding with in- 
 cluded ait ur wiiid ; windy. 
 
 fht 
 
 FLATUS, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, wirtj 
 gathered oi included in ?ny part of the body, 
 ;enerally caufed by indigeftion and a grofs 
 iiternal perfpiration, or the rarefaction of. 
 the air inrluried in the food we fwallow. 
 
 FLAT'^'ISE, Adj. Of a flat fhape ; with 
 the broad o' flrft part downwards. 
 
 To FLAUNT, V. A. to make an oftenta- 
 tious, vain, or fluttering (hew in drefs. Fi- 
 guratively, to behave v>'ith pride. " One 
 flauvts in r gs." Pope. 
 
 FLAUN'T, S. any thing loofe and gaudy. 
 
 FLA'VOUR, S. a reliih, or a power uf 
 pxiiting an agreeable fenfation on the organs 
 of tafle. Figuratively, fweetnels, or agr<e- 
 dble and fragrant odour, applied to the fmell; 
 
 FLA'VOUROUS, Adj. agreeable to the 
 tafte ; fragrant ; odorous ; or pleafing to the 
 fmell. 
 
 FLAW, S. \fioh, Sax. a fragment, flauw, 
 Btlg. broken ; <|>Xaa;, Gr. to breakj a crack, 
 breach, fault, or defeft in any thing; a fuddeii 
 emotion of mind. '' Tht^tf.aioi and ftarts." 
 .V/.'j/;. Seldom ufed in the lafl: fenfe. 
 
 To FLAW, V. A. to crack. Figuratively, 
 to break, or violate. " France \iilh.Jla-Md 
 the league." Shak. 
 
 FLAWLESS, Adj. without crack or de- 
 fea. 
 
 To FLA WTER, V. A. to fcrape or pare 
 a fkin. Ainfiu, 
 
 JFLAW'Y, Adj. full of cracks, flaws, or 
 defedls. 
 
 FLAX, S. \fleax, fex, Sax. -vlas, Belg.- 
 flacks, Teur. linum, Lat. and lin, Fr.] in Bo- 
 tany, Linnjeus ranges it in the fifth feftion of 
 his fill h clafs. There are fourteen fpecies. 
 As the improvement of the linen manufaitury 
 dfpends very much on the railing of fl^x, it 
 is to be hoped that all the true patriots of 
 this country will turn their thoughts that 
 way, in order to bring it to its utmoll perfec- 
 tion. This word is ufed fOr the fibre of the 
 plant of which thread is made, when fit for 
 fpinring. 
 
 FLAX'DRE5SER,S. the perfon who pre- 
 pares f.ix for the fpinner. 
 
 FLA'XEN, Adj. made of flax j refemblinE 
 flix in its col.iur and fincnefs. f 
 
 To FLAY, V. A. [flee, prefer floo, infin. 
 adjlaa, Ifl. to ftrip off the ikinj to ftrip off 
 the /kin ; to take off the pellicle, membrane, 
 or fkin which covers any thing. 
 J FLA'YER, S. he that ftrips off the fkin. 
 
 FLKA, S, Ifleah, fl^b, fleo. Sax. -vloyc, 
 Belg./p/fc, TfM.flco, p\mi\Jiaer, Ifl.J in Na- 
 tural HiHory, a fmall red iniedt, remarkable 
 for its nimblenefs, which lucks the blood of 
 human creatures and other large animals. 
 
 To FLEA, V. A. to clean fe or free from 
 fleas, 
 
 FLE'A-BFFE, or FLEA'BITING, S. the 
 red marks, wound, or fenf.ition of pain caulcd 
 by a ilea in fucking the blood of human trea- 
 tures. Figuratively, a fraall or trifling hurr. 
 
 FLE'A-
 
 FLE'ABITTEN, Adj. ftung or bitten ty 
 fleas. 
 
 FLEAK, S. {ficcea, Sax. See FLAKE.] 
 a fmall thread, lock, or twift. " Fkaki or 
 threads of" hemp and flax." Mort. 
 
 FLEAM, S. a I'mall inftrumenC of pure 
 fteel, compofed of two or three moveable 
 Uncets. ufed in bleeding cattle, by placing 
 one of the lancets on the vein, and driving it 
 jn with a blow. 
 FLE'AWORT, S. {ftea-wyn. Sax.] a plant. 
 
 To FLECK, V. A. [feckur. 111. fieck, 
 Teut. a ijpot] to fpot ; to mark with a diffe- 
 rent colour. " Flecked in her face." Dryd. 
 
 To FLECKER, V. A. See FLEeK] 
 to ftreak, or mark with different colours. 
 " The grey ey'd morn fmiles on the frown 
 ing night. — And darknefs/«,(frfi, &c."Shak. 
 FLED, the preter and participle of Flee, to 
 tun away : not properly ufed for that of Fly, 
 to make ufe of wings. 
 
 To FLEDGE,V. a. to furnifh with wings; 
 to cover or furnifh with feathers. 
 
 FLE'DGED,Patt. orAdj. \JltIderen, Belg. 
 to fly, f.tigur, in. able to %J full feathered j 
 able or qualified to fly, 
 
 To FLEE, V. N. [preter and pariicip. /<>(/] 
 to run away from danger ; to endeavour to 
 avoid dangers by flight, 
 
 FLEECE, S. {fieoi, filfe, fiyfe, Sax. -vhti, 
 Belg. •vellut, Lat.J the woolly covering fliorn 
 ott the bodies of iheep j as much wool as is 
 fhorn oft one fheep. Figuratively, a ram 
 carved, painted, and ufed tor a fign. 
 
 To FLEECE, V, A, [from the noun] to 
 iTieer the wool off the fheep. Figuratively, to 
 ftrip, plunder, or deprive of every thing valu- 
 able. " Tojleece the people." Addif. 
 
 FLEE'CED, Adj. havingor wearing fleeces. 
 *' The rich feec'd flock." Faer. «.. Stripped 
 or plundered. 
 
 To FLEER, V. N. to turn a thing to 
 inockcry, or ridicule ; to mock j to deride 
 with infolence or impudence ; to leer ; to ad- 
 drel's with a deceitful grin of civility. 
 
 FLEER, S'. mockery exprcfled either in 
 words or looks. 
 
 FLEE'RER, S, a mocker. 
 
 FLEET, FLE'OT, FLOT, in the names 
 of places, are derived (lomjieot, Sax. a bay or 
 gulf. Hence Fleet flreet took its name from 
 the bay or ditch which runs up the land to 
 the maikct of that name, and is properly called 
 Fleet -ditch. 
 
 FLEET, S. [Jlota, Sax. Jlotta, \u\. fiotte, 
 Fr.j a colleftion of fhips, or number of vef- 
 feis going in company, 
 
 FLEET, Adj. [fiiotur, III.] fwift, applied 
 to pace, or motion. 
 
 To FLEET, V. N. {Jlh, Ifl. to carry. 
 fiotaUi, Sax J to fly fwiftly ; to vani(h ; to be 
 tranfitory, or of a fhort duration. " Ofeetin? 
 joys." Par. hoft. Actively, to fnim the 
 water ; to live merrily, to pafs aw..y with 
 ■pleafure, applied to time, " Flee: the time 
 careUfly." Sihak, 
 
 F L 1^ 
 
 FLEE'TINGDISH, S. a thin KA orbowt 
 ufed in dairies, to tkim or take the cream off 
 milk. 
 
 FLEE'TLY, Adv. fwiftly ; nimbly; with 
 a quick motion, 
 
 FLEE'TNESS, S. fwiftnef'; of motion. 
 FLESH, S. [facf^.fc, Pfc, Sax. -v/eefch^ 
 Belg. jleJjch, Teut. J in Anatomy, a fimilar, 
 fibrous part of an animal body, foft, bloody, 
 and ferving as a covering to the bones ; the 
 body, oppofed to the foul; the mufcles, or 
 fofc part of an animal body, oppolei to the 
 Jk'm, bones, or other ter.dons. Animal food, 
 oppofed to 'Vegetable. The foft part of the 
 body of beafts or birds ufed for food, oppofed 
 to that of Jifhes. Animal nature. Figura- 
 tively, carnality, or feniual app-tites ; a car- 
 nal ftate ; a near relation, or one of the fame 
 blood ; a perfon given up to a lenfual enjoy - 
 ments, or in an unregenerate ftare. " Flefh 
 and blood cannot enter int j the kingdom of 
 heaven." yohn iv. 
 
 FLE'SH-FLY, S. a fly that feeds on flefli, 
 and depofits its eags in it. 
 
 FLE'SH-HOOK, S. a hook, or fork, ufed 
 to take meat out of a pot or caldron. 
 
 FLESHI'NESS, S. [f.ajlicr.edi, flepcneffe. 
 Sax.] carnal or feni'ual paffions and appetites | 
 carnality. 
 
 FLE'SHLESS, Adj. without fleft. 
 FLE'SHLY, Adj. [flejllc, Sax,] corporeal} 
 liuman, oppofed to ^/Vi/«a/; carnal; lafcivi- 
 ous. 
 
 FLE'SH-MEAT, S. [f^Jcmtte, Sax.] ani- 
 mal food ; or the fle/h of animals prepared 
 for food. ^ 
 
 FLE'SH- MONGER, S. one who deals in 
 flefh ; a pimp. " Was the duke a Jicfii- 
 mongsr ?" Shak. 
 
 FLE'SH-POT, S. a pot in which viaualt 
 are cooked. Figuratively, food. " If he 
 takes ViVfiy t\\t f.efl^-pots." Taylor. 
 
 FLE'SHY, Adj. plump ; full of flefli; fat. 
 Pulpous and plump, applied to fruits. 
 
 FLE'TCHER, S. [f.ecbe, Fr. an arrow] a 
 perfon who makes bows and arrows. 
 
 FLET, Adj. flcimmed. " To drink /f< 
 milk." Mcrt. 
 
 FLEW, the preter of Fly. 
 FLEW, S. the large chaps of a deep mouth- 
 ed hound, 
 
 FLEW'ED, Adj. chapped ; mouthed. " So 
 fiezvcd, fo fanded." S>hak. 
 
 FLE'XIBILITY, S, the quality of ad- 
 mitting to be bent, or turned out of a direft 
 coHrfe or right line ; eafinefs of being pct- 
 fuaded. 
 
 FLE'XIBLE, Adj. [Fr. fiexMn, Lat.] 
 pofiible, or eafy to be bent ; pliant ; obfequi- 
 ous ; eafily complying with ; duftile or ma- 
 nageable ; to be formed by difciplinc and in- 
 flrudtion. " The tender znA fie\rble years of 
 his life." Locke. To be fpcnt, or fuited to 
 any purpofc " Flexible to their purpofe." 
 Roger f, Eafv to be perfuaded. 
 
 FLEXI-
 
 F LI 
 
 FLE'XIBLENESS, S. pofTil.nifyoreanners 
 to be bent, oppofed to biitthneji, or Ji'ffncjs ; 
 compliance ; traftablenefs ; eafinefs to be 
 nooved by advice, perfuafion, or inftruflion. 
 
 FLE'XILE, Adj. [Jic^'dis,Lit.] pliant; ea- 
 fy to be bent, or turned out of its courfe. 
 
 FLE'XiON, S. [fexiiy Lat.J the aft of 
 bending, or changing trom a ftrait to a crooked 
 line; a double; a bending; the ftaie of a 
 thing bent ; a turn or motion towards any 
 quarter or direftion, " A flexion, or cat of 
 tile fye aHde." Bacon. 
 
 tLE'XOR, S. [Lat,] in Anatomy, spnlieJ 
 to the mui'cles which aft in contrading or 
 feendine he joints. 
 
 FLE'XUOUS, Adj. [fexuofut,l.^t.'] wind- 
 ing ; full ot turnings and meanders ; bending; 
 crooked ; variable ; unfte^dy. " The f.ex 
 uaus burning of flames." Bac. 
 
 FLE'XURE, S. [jiexura, Lat.] the form 
 cr dirciflion in which any thing is bent ; the 
 aft of bendiag ; the part bent ; a joint; ob- 
 fequious or fervile cringing. " Will it give 
 place lojlexuri f' Shak. 
 
 ToFLI'CKER, V. N. [flightren, Belg. 
 fiei^ur, \[[.fi'.cceriaii, Sax. J to flutter; to have 
 a fluttering motion ; to move the wings up 
 and down with a quick motion. " flickering 
 on her neft." Dr\'d. 
 
 FLIE, S. fj?/V,'Sax.] See Fly. 
 
 FLl'ER, S. one who runs from flanger; 
 that part of a machine, which, being put into 
 a fwifter motion than the other part;., equa- 
 lizes, regulates, and continues the motion of 
 the reft." " The ^:>r of a jack." • 
 
 FLIGHT, ?.. [flyght, S'^x.Jught, old Fr.] 
 the aft of running away, in order to avoid 
 danger ; the aft of moving from one place to 
 another to efcape danger; the aft of moving 
 by means of wings ; a flock ot birds moving 
 in the air together ; the birds produceci in the 
 famefeafon. " The haiveft /^iij/t/of pigeons." 
 A volley, or fliower of wcaoons difchargcd at 
 the fame time ; the Ip^ce part in flying. Fi- 
 guratively, heat, or fnaring of imaginition ; 
 a loaring excurfion ; the power of flying. 
 
 FLI'GHTY, Adj. fleeting ; fvvift in mo- 
 tion ; wild ; or fanciful. 
 
 FLl'MSEY, Adj. weak ; feeble ; without 
 ftrength, body, or ftiflhefs, applied to manu- 
 faftures. Mean, fpiritiefs. " A vaft extent 
 of _^;»//fy lines." Popt, 
 
 To FLINCH, V. N. to fhrink from any 
 fufr'ering, pain, or danger ; to withdraw from 
 pain or danger; to fail, " FUncb in property 
 —-from what I fpoke." Shak. 
 
 FLI'NCHER, S. he who fhrinks or fails 
 in any affair. 
 
 To FLING, V. A. [prct. and pirt. fung] 
 to call or thio* from the hand; to rtait or 
 throw witti violence ; to fjeft, or cait away 
 as ulelefs or hurtlui. " I charge thee JU':g 
 jiway ambition." Sh.ik. lofi'inf iioivr, to 
 throw upon the ground witii force j to de- 
 mo)i/h or deftroy. 
 
 F L I 
 
 FLING, S. the aft of throwing or cafting 3 
 the fpace or diftance to which any thing is 
 thrown or caft j a gibe; a contemptuous fneer 
 or remark. 
 
 FLI'NGER, S. one who throws a thing; 
 one who cafls a contemptible fneet at a peifon 
 or thing. 
 
 FLLMT, S. {fi«t, Sax. 'vlint, T\tm.fiinie, 
 jlccn, Dan. Ji:n, Fr.J a femi-pellucid "ifonc, 
 compofed of cryftal debafed, of a fimilar fub- 
 llance, of a blickifh grey, free from veins, 
 naturally invef^ed with a whitifh cruft ; fome- 
 times fmooth and equal, but more frequently 
 rough ; remarkably hard ; ufed for ftnking 
 fire wiih fteel, and in glafs making. Figura- 
 tively, any thing remarkably hard ; impene- 
 trable or otidurate. " Thejiint and hardnefs 
 of my fault." Shak, 
 
 FLINT, [(hire of] in North-Wales, h^s 
 a branch ot the Jr;(h tea, on the efluary of the 
 Dee, which river waihes this county on the 
 N. It is bounded on the E. by Chefhire ; 
 on the S. E. by Shropfliire ; and on the S. 
 ana W. by Denbigh /Iiire, which fepirates a 
 fmail part of it from the reft on the S. E. fide. 
 This is the leaft of all the Welch counti-rs, 
 being reckoned t^iirty- three miles from N.W. 
 to S. E. but its breadth, from N. to S. is not 
 above eight. It contains tweniy-eight panihes, 
 including one city, one bofough, three market- 
 towns, with 32,000 iiihabiiaats. The arcat- 
 efl paii of it lies in the diocele of St. Abpb, 
 and ihe left belongs to thu of Chefter. The 
 air if healthful, and its hills are but moderate, 
 inteilaced wiih valleys, fruitful both ingrain 
 and pafture, feeding abundance of fnijll cat- 
 tle, Irom which they make great quantities 
 of butter and cheefe. They h^ve alfo flore of 
 honey, ot uhich they mjke metheglin, drank 
 much in this county. Though here is plenty 
 ot pit- coal, there is very great fcarcity of wood, 
 and no great abundance of fruit. The fea 
 and its rivers, particularly the Clwyd and Dee, 
 fupply it plcntitully with nioft kinds of fifh 
 and water fowl. Some of its Jiills have lead- 
 ore, and fome mill-ftones are dug here. Its 
 peculiar nvcrs are the Wheeler, the Sevion, 
 and Alen ; the two fiift of which fall into the 
 Clwyd, and the laii into the Dee. This 
 county fends a knight of the /hire to parlia- 
 ment, aid a burgefs for the antient borough of 
 
 FLINT, the fliire town of the laft rrien- 
 tioiied county, upon the eftuary of the Dee, 
 wiieie is a I'mall iiarbour. It is governed by 
 a mayor, who is ftiled governor of the caftle, 
 nov/ in ruins. The alTizes are annually held 
 h«re ana in it is the cotinty goal. It lies 
 fourteen miles E. of St. Afaph, twelve W. of 
 Chefter, and one hundred and ninety-four 
 from Li;ndon. It has no wcfkly market, but 
 four annual fairs, ob February 14, June 24, 
 Auguft 10, ana November 30, tor cattle. 
 
 FLl'NTY, Adj. mane of riinc ; abounding 
 
 in flints or ftones. Figuratively, rtrong. " The 
 
 /'i"'j, ana ltv;el couco of war." i<bak. Hard; 
 
 / not
 
 P L O 
 
 not tr> be penetrated or moved oy prayers, en- 
 •;aties, or the view of miicry. " F/.'rfy 
 lartar's btjfom." S/.\ii. 
 
 FLIP, S. [a Cant wordj a drink ufed in 
 fliips, made of fpirics, beer, ana fnjar. 
 
 FLIP/PANT, Adj. [from Flap] nimhie ; 
 tsoving quickly, applied to the tooKue. " A 
 woman's tongue — fo wonderfully voluSle and 
 Jiijipant."' Jddif. Pert ; talkative. " Fiip- 
 fai'.t epilogues." Thompfen. 
 
 FLIP'PANTLY, Adv. in a pert, talka- 
 tive, cr rlijent manner. 
 
 To FLIRT, V. A. to throw any thing 
 witi) a jerk, or quick elaftic motion. " The 
 fc-:venger — -Jiirts trom his cart the mud." 
 i^':v>fr. To move with quicknefs. " Flirt 
 your fan." Dorjit. To run about perpetually ; 
 to be unfteady and fiutiering. 
 
 FLIRT, .S. aquick, iudden, elsftic ttiotlon; 
 a jerk; a fiidden trick. " To play ac the 
 hedge, zfiirt,"" Jchnfon, A pert young huir>;y, 
 a youns, liu'terna, eadding iafs. 
 
 FLIRT A'TfON,''S. a quick fprigh;lv 
 motion ; or the appearance of a flirt. " A 
 muflin flounce made very full, would give 
 a very ai^reeablr-jUrtntion air." PiJ-e. 
 
 To FLIT, V. N. [fitter, Dan. to rcTT.ove. 
 See FLEETJ to fly away ; ;o remove or mi- 
 grate. " F/ic out of one body into fome 
 other." Hooker, To flutter, or rove o.n the 
 wing. " To_/7JMn nir." F-.fe. To be tran- 
 fienc, flux, or unff-able. 
 
 FLITCH, S. [-/^c-is, Din. f.ichs, Fr ] the 
 fide of a hog, witiiuut the heid, faked .md 
 cured. 
 
 FUTTER-MOUSE, S.a bat, or flurtering 
 inoufe. 
 
 FLiT'TINO, S. a reproachful accufation ; 
 an otTence, or fault. 
 
 FLIX, S. [corrupted from Jl<'x, or Jlyfe, 
 S:.x.J down 5 fur ; foft hair. " Blows her 
 
 JIlX up-" Drfd. 
 
 To FLOAT, V.N. [fiotter, Yt. f.ottare, 
 Ital, j to fwim on the furtace of the water ; to 
 move eafily in the air, applied to the fl'ght of 
 birds. '■ I'loat in the air." Dryd. To pafs 
 in a light and fwimming manner. ^'1 hating 
 v;!:ons." Locke. To cover with waters. 
 
 FLO.AT, S. the ait cf flowing, oppofed to 
 the e:>b or rejiux of tne tide. " Float and re- 
 f.oat of the fea." Bac. Any thin^ contrived 
 fo as to fwim ard fuftain a burden on the 
 water ; the cork, or quill, by which the bite 
 of a fifh \i dirco\ercJ. 
 
 tLO'ATY, Acj. fwimming on the furface. 
 " A ihip. ifjioafy." RaUi^{h- 
 
 FLOCK, S. \_f.oce, Sjx.J a comDany o( 
 bird?, or /heep. Fi(;urativt;ly, a muliitude of 
 men. " The heathen that fled out by//(>cii." 
 Mucc. xiv. 14. 
 
 To FLOCK., V. N. to gather in crowds or 
 grejt nuinle;s. 
 
 To fLOG, V. A. [fiagrum, Lat.] to whip 
 pr pnniOi u ifli a rod. 
 
 FLOOD, S. [pronounced /ui J ^W, Sax. 
 7 
 
 FLO 
 
 and DSn,] a body of water j a Tea or river 5 a 
 <iclugf, inuncation, or overflowinj of water 9 
 ^ flow or flux of fide. " Ebbs and jioodi^' 
 Da-viei. 
 
 To FLOOD, V. A. [See the noun] to 
 cover with waters. 
 
 FLOO'DGATE, S. a gate or fliutter. by 
 which any water-courfe is ftopped, or lec Joofc 
 again, at i>leafure. 
 
 FLOOR, S. [jhz, Teut. phucrh. Belg.'^ the 
 broad or bcar.ied pait of an anchor, which 
 takes iiold of the ground. 
 
 FLOOR, [jlor,j%re. Sax.] that part of a 
 hou'e on whicii a pcrlon treadv; a ftory, flight,' 
 or order of rooms. In a fhip, (o much of her 
 botrom a? {hi- reifs on when aground. 
 
 To FLOOP^, V. A. to cover thar part of a 
 rootn a p'^rion wiiks on with plank?, 
 
 FLOO'RING, S, the matter with which 
 that pirt of a rocm is laid, on which a perfo.T 
 walks ; the bottom. 
 
 To FLOP, V. A. [Uomfiap] to clap the 
 wings with a noife; to play with any noify 
 motion of a broad body ; to let (down the 
 broad pirt<^ or flin of a hat. 
 
 ■FLO:MvIOUTHED, Adj. apt to bjabont 
 words. Without regard 10 place, time, or de- 
 cency. 
 
 FLO'RENCE, S. the name of a cloth 
 invented or made ac the city of the fame 
 nair.e. 
 
 FLO'REN, S. a gold coin of Edward III. 
 
 in value fix iliillings. '^ 
 
 FLO'RET, S. [fleurctte, Fr.] in Botany, 
 
 an imperfect flower, or ihat which has not 
 
 petals, apices, ftamina, and ftyle. 
 
 FLO'RID, A(ij. [Jloridus, Lat.] produc- 
 tive of, or covered with flowers. Bright, or 
 lively, applied to colour. Flushing with red, 
 applied to ihs contjplexion. Embelhfiicd with 
 rhetorical figuies, aoj^lied to flile. 
 
 FLORPDITY, S. freflinefs or rednefs •£ 
 colour. " A_^i>' ir/;Vy in the face." Fky, 
 
 FLO'RIDNESS, S. frefhnefs or rednefs of 
 colour. A rhetorical crnbelliiliment, applied 
 CO i\\\e 
 FLORI'FEROUS, Adj, [florifer, Lat.] 
 
 prO'liiCiOt; flowers. 
 
 FLOi<lN, -S. [Fr.] a coin fo called, bc- 
 cau''e fii if flruck by the Florentine'. : that of 
 Germany is valued at 2S. ^d. that of Spain at 
 49. aiTo 41. hallpenny j that of Palermo and 
 Sicily at as. 6d. and th if of Holland at as. 
 
 rLO/RlST, S. [Jleunjh, Fr.J a perfon 
 citrous anil (killed in the names, nature, and 
 culture of flowe-f, 
 
 FLO'i>CULOUS, Adj. \fofculus, L>t.] 
 eoii po'ed, or having the nature or form of 
 flowcrv. '• A dry and Jlofcidous c:>at." Bicnxn, 
 
 FLO'ISON, S. in L.w. goods that float, 
 witliDut an owncj on the lea. 
 
 To FLOUNCE, V. N. { plorfai, Belg.] (o 
 move wl' h violence in water and mire; to 
 (Iruigic <>r o^fli in the water ; to move witti 
 violence iiJiJ tuira^je. " bix fl:ua(u:g Flant'- 
 
 dcis
 
 r L O 
 
 ders wares." Prior. To move with ^aflion' 
 ©t anger. " You neither fume, ror Tret, nor 
 f.ounce.^'' Stvift, To adorn with flounces, ap- 
 plied todrcfs. 
 
 FLOUNCE, S. any thing fewed lo a gar- 
 ment, by way of ornament, and hanging loofe, 
 io as to fwell and ihalce. " A rr\\x^\nJiounct.'" 
 Pope. 
 
 FLOU'NDER, S. \fynder, Dan.] a fmall 
 , flat fifh, of the plain fpinous kind, living ei- 
 ther !n freih or fait water, caught in April, 
 M^y, June, or July, any time of the day, in 
 a fwitt ftrcam, and fometimes in the ftill 
 deep. 
 
 To FLOU'NDER, V. N. [i,om flounce] to 
 ffruggie with violent and irregular motions, 
 like a horfe that ftrives to difengage himfelf 
 from mire. 
 
 FLOUR, S. the fine white powder of wheat, 
 ef which bread is made. . 
 
 ToFLOU'RLSH, V. N. [f.eurlr, Tr.fio- 
 ree, or Jlorefco, Lat, j to bloom j or be in blof- 
 fom J to be in vigour ; to be in a profperyus 
 ftate; to make ule ofrhetoric.il figurfs ; to 
 tlifplay with variety or oftent.Ttion, applied to 
 language. To rtiove in eddies, circles, or wan- 
 ton and irregular motions. In Mufic, to play 
 an overture. In Writing, to form the liecora- 
 tions or ornaments of penmanihip. In fen- 
 cing, to move a weapon in circles or quclc 
 vibrations. To adorn j embellilh ; to guce or 
 fet off. " The juftice of your title — tlolh 
 fo'jrijh the deceit." Sla!!, 
 
 FLO'URISH, .S. any embellifiiment. Fi- 
 guratively, beauty. An oflentatioiis dilpl.iy of 
 wit or intellefltial abilities. In Penmanrtiip, 
 figures or ornamenis formed by lines cunoufly 
 interwoven. 
 
 FLO'URISHER, S. a mere boafter 5 one 
 •who is in the height of profperity. 
 
 FLOU'RY, Adj. covered with the fine duH 
 OS meal of corn. 
 
 To FLOUT, V. A. [fuyUn, Be\g. fowwe, 
 Trif.J to mock, deride, 6r infult with con- 
 temptuous mockery. Neuterly, to behave with 
 contempt ; to fneer, 
 
 FLOUT, S. a mock ; a jeer ; a contemp- 
 tuous and infulting exprefllon or aflion. 
 
 FLOU'TER, S. a peri'on who deiides, 
 anocks, or jeers another. 
 
 To FLOW, V. N. {fcn-an, Six.JIyt, pret. 
 flai/t, l(\ ] to run or fpread, applied to waer. 
 To move, or be in motion, oppofed to fland- 
 ing waters. To rife or fwell, applied ro tne 
 tide. To melt, applied to the effeft of heat 
 on tnetils, wax, &c. To proceed from as an 
 fffedl. To be full of liquor, applied to drink 
 ing vrfPels. " Flo-w'tng cups." Sha^- To 
 hang loofe, low, and waving- " A fl'jiv'wg 
 «ijnf)e of green iTIk." Monir'.. To ce free 
 from harllinefs. " A Jtcwirg period." To 
 write f.iiooihly, or fpeak eloquently. 
 
 FLOW, S. the rile or fwel! of water ; a 
 jjaacn fyenty or abundance. " A_//owoflpi- 
 
 FL t7 
 
 rits." Pope. An uninterrupted fireata j or 
 continuation of words. 
 
 FLOWER, S. {feur, Yt.fore, Ital.] that 
 part of a plant whicn contains the organs of 
 generation, or the parts neceflary tor the pro- 
 pagation of the fpecies. The male flowers 
 are thofe which have no germen, ftyle, or 
 fruit. Female flowers are luch as contaira 
 the germen, flyle, and are called fruitful 
 flcwers. He'tnajhrodite Jloiuers, are (uch as 
 contain botn the male and female parrs. Fi- 
 guratively, an ornament or embelli/hment ; 
 the prime, bloom, or flouri/hing part of life} 
 the moft excellent or valuable part of any 
 thing. 
 
 To- FLOWER, V. N. ffiurir, Fr.] to put 
 forth flowers or biofloms ; to bloom, or be in 
 biofTom 5 to fiounfh,. or be in a profperous 
 flate. To froth, ferment, or mantle, applied 
 to liquor. 
 
 FLOWER AGE, S. ftore or abundance of 
 flowers. 
 
 FLOWER DE LUCE, S. [feur de lys^ 
 Fr.] a bulbous iris. 
 
 FLOWERET, S. [feurete, Fr. See FLO. 
 RET] .1 fmall or iraperfeft flower. 
 
 FLOW'RINESS, S the ftate of abound- 
 ing in flowers or ornaments. 
 
 FLOW'RING-BUSH, S. a plant, with 
 triangular and glafl'y leaves, naked ftalks, 
 floweis dilpofed in an umbella at the top, and 
 conlifting of fix petals, three large, ano three 
 fmall, expanded in the form of a rofe. 
 
 FLOWERY, Adj. abounding, adorned 
 with, or full ot flowers, 
 
 FLOWINGLY, Adv. with readinefs, 
 quicknels, or volubility of fpeech ; with abun- 
 dance. 
 
 FLOWkWORT, S. the name of a plant. 
 
 FLOWN, [Hart, of Flee or Fly] gone 
 
 away ; run away ; departed either by running 
 
 av;ay or flying; puffed up ; fwelled, or elated. 
 
 " Flotufi with infolence." Par. Lojl. 
 
 FLU'CTUANT, Part, [fuffuans^ Lat.] 
 wavering; uncertain; doubling. 
 
 To FLUC^IUATE, V. N. [fuauatus, of 
 fuRuo, Lat. j to toll to and Iro like the waves ; 
 to float backwards and forwards ; to move 
 with uncertain and hafly motion ; to hefitste; 
 to be inefolute, uiiiHetermined, or in doubt. 
 
 FLUCTUA'TION, S [fuciuatio, Lat.] 
 the motion of waves or water backwards and 
 forv.'ards ; a flate of fufpenfe, irrefolution, or ■ 
 uncer.;<inty. 
 
 FLUE, S. [fyg, in. to fly] a fmali pipe or 
 chimney to convey air, heat, or Inioke ; foft 
 down, or fur, eafily wafted by the wind. 
 
 FLU'ENCY, S the quality of flowing, or 
 continuing in motion, without interruption or 
 intermiflion ; (moothnels ot flile, or numbers j 
 copioulnels, or volubility ot Ipeech. 
 
 FLU'LNT, Adj. [fluent, L^t.] liquid; 
 flowing in motion ; rsady j eafiiy flowing j 
 cojiotis, applied to fuecch. 
 
 FLU'ENT,
 
 FLU 
 
 FLU'ENT, S. aftream; torrent, or run 
 aing water. "To cut the ouuagcousJJuent." 
 PbUlips. 
 
 FLU'ID, Adj. \flutde Fr. fiindus, LatJ 
 having the parts eafily feparable j flowing like 
 v^ater, 
 
 Fl.U'ID, S. in Medicine any anim»i 
 juice ; a liquor whofe parts yield to the fmall - 
 ell force impren'edjjnd, by yielding, are ea- 
 fily moved among each other, 
 
 FLUI'DITY, S. ffuidite, Fr.] a qu^ilityof 
 a body whereby the parts are fo difpofed as to 
 lide over each other all manner of ways, and 
 liivf way to the leaft prellure. 
 
 FLU''JDNESS, S. that quality in bodies 
 oppofjte to firmnefs, by which they change 
 their form or y'e!^ to the lead preffure. 
 
 FLU'MMEPsY, S. a kind of food made of 
 oatmeal and water, boiled or evaporated to a 
 eonfiftence. Figuratively, mere pretence j 
 flattery. 
 
 FLUNG, fparticip. and prefer of Flinc] 
 thrown, or caft, follov/ed by in, into, dtivn, 
 from, and to. "Flung into the river." Addif. 
 
 FLU'OR, S. [Lat.] a fiuid ftate. " Which 
 keep liquors in a jiuorC^ Nsiut. 
 
 FLUR/RY, S. a guft j an hafty, fudden 
 blaft, or ftormofwind. ^'Af.urry from the 
 north." Gulliij. Tra'v. Hurry a violent 
 commotion, or emotion of mind. 
 
 To FLUSH, V. N. \fli'.yjf^n, Belg.] to 
 flow with violence ; to come in hafte ; to 
 produce a reddifh colour in the face by a fud- 
 den flow, or a flux of blood ; to elate or ele- 
 vate. ♦' FluJ}:ed with great viflories." 
 Jitter. 
 
 FLUSH, Adj. frefli ; full of vigour. <' Flufa 
 as May. " .S/jai. Affluent ; abounding. "Lord 
 Strut was not very Jluffj in ready money." 
 H:JI. ofj Bull. 
 
 FLUSH, S. an afilux 5 a fudden impulfe; 
 a 'violent flow. Jn Gaming, a certain n im- 
 bers of cards of the fame fort. 
 
 To FLUSTER, V. A. [from fiufi'] to 
 make hot and red with drinking j to make 
 hair drunk. 
 
 FLUTE, S. \fiufte or flite, Fr. flauta, 
 Spdin. Jiuto, Itjl.J a wind inftrument, divided 
 into the common and German : the common 
 Jiute is played by putting one end into the 
 mouth, and breathing into it Ti>e German 
 fiute, the moft melodious of the two, and mott 
 leiembling the human voice, is not put into 
 the mouth, but founded by a hole a little 
 difiant from the upper end, the end itfelf be- 
 ing flopped with a tompion or plug. Jn .1r- 
 chitefture, perpendicular channels or cavities 
 cut along the (haft of a column or pilafler,ind 
 refembling the infide of a flute, when cut 
 in half. 
 
 To FLUTE, V. A. to cut channels in 
 columns or pilafters. 
 
 FLU'TED, Adj. having channels or hol- 
 lows. 
 
 To FLUTTER. V. N, \pttirm, Sax. 
 
 FLY 
 
 fialtern, or flrtern, Tini.flotrer, Fr. ] to mo^ 
 the wings with a quick and trembling mo* 
 tion ; to move abmit with great fliew anl 
 buftle, but with no confequence ; to be in 
 agitation ; to be in a ftate of uncertainty 5 CO 
 beat quick and irreguLrly. To palpitate, ap- 
 plied to the heart. To hurry the mind, or 
 put into confufion, or a violent commotion, 
 
 FLUT'TER, S. vibration, undulation, or 
 a quick and irrtgular motion ; confufian j aa 
 irregular or difcordered pofition. 
 
 FLUVI'ATIC, Adj. {Jiuviaticut, Lat.] be- 
 longing to, or inhabiting rivers. 
 
 FLUX, S. [Fr. flu.xus, Lat.] the i€t of 
 flowing ; the fl:ate of pafiing away, and giving 
 place to others. In Medicine, an extraordi- 
 nary ifTue or evacuation of fome humour ot 
 matter ; a difejCe in which the bowels are 
 excciriated and bleed, called a bloody flux. Th« 
 excrement, or, that which isevacuated by ani- 
 mals. " Civet is the very uncleanly fux of 
 a cat." Shak. In Hydrography, a regular 
 periodical motion <pf the fea, happening t\vice 
 in twenty-four hours, whereby the water 
 is raifed, and driven violently againfl: th« 
 /hores. Figurativt-ly, a concourfe, or conflu- 
 ence. " The fux of company." SJxi^t, 
 The ftate of being melted J that which faci- 
 litates the melting of a body when mixed witk 
 it. 
 
 FLUX, Adj. [fiixus, Lat. of _,'?tf0, 'Lat.j 
 inconftant; not durable; flowing; main- 
 tained by a conftant fucceflson of p^rtJ, 
 
 To FLUX V. A. to melt. In Medicine, 
 to falivate ; to evacuate by Cpitting. 
 
 FLU'XiLITY, S. e3finds of feparation ; 
 poflitiility c* being m.elted. " Fluidity, or at 
 leaft/z/.v;/;Vj'." Boyle. 
 
 FLU'XION, S. [Fr. fuxi^, Lat.] the afft 
 of flowing ; the mattvr th^it flows. In Me» 
 dicne, a fudden colleftion of morbid matter 
 in any part of the body 5 the velocity by 
 which a flowing quantity is increafed by its 
 generating motion • In Arithmetic, the me- 
 thod of finding an inflnitely fmall quantity, 
 which, being taken an infinite number of 
 times becomes equal to a given quantity. 
 
 To FLY, V. N. [preter, feto, or fed ; 
 pit:, f^ or f own ; fegjn, Sax.j to move 
 througnt the air by means of wings .; to af- 
 cend in the air. " As the fparks fy up- 
 watds." Jo!) V. To pals, or perform a 
 journey with great expedition ; to burfl afun- 
 der. " Your bottle y';«." .^W/>, To break, 
 or Oliver ; to attack, or fpring with vio- 
 lence ; to fall on fuddenly. 'Tofy in the fact 
 ofaperfon, is to inlult him, w'ith opprac 
 brious language, or any aft of outrage. 
 " Negleit him or fy in biifact.''^ Siutft. 
 To a£V of defiance ot. " Fly in Nature's 
 face."'' Dyd. Ta let fy, to difcharge a gyn 
 or other tire aims. To run away, or at- 
 tempt to efcape any danger ; to avwid ; t» 
 fliun, 
 
 ELY, S. if'',f!oge, frge, SiK.fue, Dm.} 
 (> Seo
 
 F O C 
 
 SeeFLIE] ifinall winged infeft of di.Terffr.t 
 ff>ccies J that p.irt of a machine which, wlitn 
 put itito motion, continues it with great fwift- 
 ncfs, and thereby regulates and prefcrves the 
 motion of llie other parrs ; that part of a 
 manner's compafs, on which the thirty-two 
 vtinHs are drawn, over which the needle i;. 
 placed, and faftened underneath. 
 
 To FLY'BLOW, V.A. to taint with fiies ; 
 to fill ".i h majgots. 
 
 FLY'BOaT, S. a kind of nimble light 
 \elicl for failing. 
 
 FLY'ER, S. one that runs away from bat- 
 tle J or endeavours to efcape d^ingsr by flight ; 
 any thing that cuis its pailjge thro' the air by 
 means of wings ; that part of a jack which 
 moves round on a pivot hoiiz:>ntally, and 
 thereby keeps the other parts in motioi!. See 
 FLIER. 
 
 To FLY'F1SH,V. N. to ftfti or angle with 
 a fly. 
 
 FOAL, S. [ fola, Sax.] the offspring or 
 young of a rr.are, or other bealt of burthen. 
 
 To FOAL, V. A. to bring forth young, 
 applied tn a maie, or ether beafb of burden 
 
 FOAM, S. [//?H, Sjx.J the white fpittle 
 ■which appears in the mouth of s high-mettled 
 hotfc 5 the white fubftance which gathers on 
 the top of liquors when fliaken or fermented, 
 but more properly CTtWeil froth. 
 
 To FOAM, V. N. to h.ive the mouth co- 
 vered with white fu.tby ipiltle j to froth ; to 
 gather foa^i ; to be in a rage ; to be in violent 
 emotions of paflion, alludins; to a high-mettled 
 hcrfe, who foams at the moi.tli when check- 
 ed, or uiiiier unwilling redrain r. 
 
 FO'AMY, Adj. covered wi:(i froth, or 
 white TroLhy fpittle. 
 
 \:OV^,S.\fuppe, fu{^fach,Tt\lt.'] a fmajl 
 pocket nr.ade in liie infide of the waiilband of 
 a pair of breechej, wherein the watch is uiu- 
 ai!v carried. 
 
 To FOB, V. A. ^fof'pea, Teur.] to cheat ; 
 to Crick; to defraud by fome low ftratageno. 
 " Find myfelf, /loiw'init." S/jai:. "The 
 rafcal foiled me off only with wine." 
 
 Mdf. 
 
 FO'CAL, Adj. \_iioTt\ focus] belonging to 
 a focus. 
 
 FO'CIL, S. Ifcile, Fr. focule, Lat.] in 
 Anatomy, the greater or Jefs bone iietween 
 the knee and ankle, or between the elbow 
 and wrift. ' " Both the_/efi/i of the left leg." 
 
 FO'CUS. S. fl'St-] in "P''" t^e point 
 where the rays meet, and crofs the axis, af- 
 ter refraflion by a glafs ; the points from 
 which rayi divtrge, or towhch they con- 
 verge. Applied to a parabi'i.*, a poi/it in 
 the axis within the figure, and diftant liom 
 the vurtex onc-fou.-th ol the pariimeter, or 
 latusreBum, Applied to <n elliplif, a point 
 towards each end of the longer axis, whence 
 two right lines, bcinjj drawn tn any point in 
 the ciicumlctcnce, fliall be, lo^eilier, equal 
 
 F O L 
 
 to the a\i? Itfelf. Applied to an hrpcrbola^ 
 that point in the axis through which ths 
 !a!:is Ti.lum palTeS. 
 
 FOD'DER, S. [ fodre, Sax. fdcr, Dan.j 
 dry fo.)d,ilored up for cattle againll: winter. 
 
 ToFOD'DER, V.A. [foder, Dan.] to 
 teed or fupply with dry food. 
 
 FOD'DERER, S. the perfon who fupplies 
 cattle wi:h cry food. 
 
 FOE, S. [ fah. Sax fts, Scot.] an enemy, 
 or perfun who is bent to hurt one either ir> 
 war or private life. An adverfary j an oi>po- 
 nent, applied to opinions. " A_/lf to received 
 do -Tines." JViitti. 
 
 FOETUS, S. [Lat.] a child in the womb 
 after it is perfectly formed. 
 
 FOG, S. [Dan. a fiorm] a thick cloud, 
 confining of grofs watery vapours, floating 
 near the furfacc of the earth. 
 
 FOG'GiNESS, S. the ftjte of beingdarJc 
 or rr.iily by alow cloud, confifling of watery 
 vapours, floating near the furface of the earth 
 or water. 
 
 FOG'GY, Adj. full of dark, cloudly, and 
 moift vapours, Figuratively, dull or cloudy in 
 underftanding, 
 
 FOH, Inierjeft. an interjeflion ufed to ex- 
 prels abhorrence, or oft'ence received by lome 
 objeft, meaning that it gives g'eat ofFenc?, and 
 is excellively difiigreable. '^ Fob ! one may 
 fmell in fuch a will moft rank." Shak. Com- 
 monly made ufe of when oftendcd by a ftink, 
 or very oftenfive fmell. 
 
 FOi'BLE, S. [Fr.] a weak or blind fid: ; 
 a nati;ral infirmity or piling. 
 
 To FOIL V. A. to defeat or get the bet- 
 ter of an eneaiy, Cut not a cotrplete vic- 
 tory. 
 
 FOIL, S. a defeat, or tnifcarriage ; an ad- 
 vantage gained over an c.iemy, not amount- 
 ing to a complete viftory ; fomething of 
 ano'her colour, ufed by jeweliers to augment 
 the (uftre, or heighten the colour of a ftone 
 or diamon.H ; a blunt fword ufed in fencing, 
 itornf ui/'c-, Fr, 
 
 FOl'LER, S. one who has gained an ad- 
 vantage over an enemy. 
 
 To FOIN, V. A. [poindre, Fr.] to pu/h or 
 make a thruft with a weP.po.T, " Tliey lafh, 
 the\ flin, they pafs." Dryd. 
 
 FOIN, S. a thruft or pufh with a weapon. 
 
 FOi'SGN, S. [_foijor. Sax. and FrJ 
 plenty ; abundance. •' Nature fhould bring 
 forth — of its own ki.id, Mfuijor., all abund- 
 ance." Shak. 
 
 To FOIST, V. A. [Puffc-r, Fr. ] to in- 
 f.rt fojr.e hirg not in an original ; to in- 
 tcrnolate. 
 
 FOySTY.Adj. See FUSTY. 
 
 FOLD, S. [ fa'.ad, fahi, fald(, Sax.] the 
 ground where fiieep arc confined. " Time 
 drives the flocks from field Xafoldy Raltigb. 
 Figuratively, a flock of fhcep. *' The hope 
 and pronnife of my (Mnz f aid. ^' Dryd. A 
 boundary w iinut. " Nor leave their I'cats, 
 
 and
 
 F O L 
 
 zni pafs the dreadful fo-d," Creech. A 
 double; one pJtt turned over, and \)\n% up- 
 on another \ the pbit or doubling of a gar 
 ment. Hrnce fild, in compofnion, fignifies 
 the douuling the fame number twic-, or 
 the fdme quantity added ; thus fwo-fold is 
 tivice the quantity j tivtnty-fold, twenty tjimes 
 repeated. 
 
 To FOLD, V. A. to pen orenclofe fheep 
 in a fold ; to double ; to plait, or turn back a 
 piece of cloth, fo as to double over and cover 
 another part. Figuratively, to indole ; to 
 include; to /hut ; to embrace with the arms 
 clafped round another perfon. 
 
 FCLI A'CEOUS, Adj. \ foliaceus, Lat. from 
 folium, Lat. a IcafJ confilling of thin pieces, 
 Jamina, or leaves. " A blue talky_/i/wf5w 
 fpar." IVoodtu. 
 
 FO'LIAGE, S. [feulllage, Fr.] an affem- 
 blage of flowers, branches, leaves, &c, Jn 
 Architeflure, the reprefentation of fuch 
 flowers, branches, leaves, &c. as are ufed *or 
 embelliThmeats on capitals, freezes, or pe- 
 diments. ' 
 
 ToFO'LIATE, V. A. [fcliarus, Lat. of 
 folium, Lat. a leaf] to beat gold into thin 
 plates, lamina;, or leaves. " GoliifoHatsJ.''' 
 NeiL-t Oj'tic. 
 
 FO'LIATING, S. applied to looking- 
 glafTe?, is the fpreading a connpofition that 
 will firmly adhere to the back of the glafs, 
 and refleil images. The compofition is called 
 foil, and made of quickfilver, mixed with tin, 
 and other ingredients, 
 
 FOLIA'TION, S. [foliaiio, of fo.rnim, 
 Lat. a leafj the a£V of bearing leiives. 
 In Botany, a colledticn of thofe tranfitory 
 or fugacious coloured leaves called petals, 
 which conftitute the compafs or body of a 
 flower. 
 
 FO'LIO, S. [Ital. of ;■« folio, Lat.] a 
 large boo!-:, whofe pages are tormed by a fheet 
 ot paper once doubled. In Commerce, a page 
 or leaf in an account or book- 
 
 FO'LIOMORT, Adj. [folium mortvum, 
 Lat.j a dark yellow, or colour of a dead leaf, 
 vulgarly called philemot. See Feuilemort. 
 " Of foliomort colour." Wo'.dio. 
 
 FOLK., S. [fola, Sax. and old Fr, wkk, 
 Relg. -vol^o, Ital, rjulgus, Lat.j people, ule..! 
 only in familiar difcourfc ; nations, or mi.i- 
 kind in general ; any kind of perfons. 
 
 FOL'LICLE, S. [flliculus, Lat.j in Ana- 
 tomy, a cavity, bag, or veficle in a body, with 
 ftrong coat?. Jn Botany, the feed-veflel, cafe, 
 hulk; or cover, wherein feveral kinds of feeds 
 arc inclofed. 
 
 ToFOL'LOW, V. A. [f.!;inr:,Six. -vol- 
 ge", Belg.J to go after, or behinJ a perfon ; 
 to purlue an enemy ; to attend on as a fervant; 
 to iuccced, or happen after, in order of time, 
 to proceed trom as a confequcnce, or efFeft j 
 to imitafe, or copy. " F&//CW the perfedtions 
 of thofe, &c." Hooker. To obferve, to 
 aflent, or give credit to. •' All who do not 
 
 F O N 
 
 fol.'i-zv real tradition," Til/otf. To attend toj 
 to DC bufied with. " He that unJertaketh 
 ini foiioivith other mens bulinefs." Ecclcf, 
 xxix. 9. 
 
 FOL'LOWER, S. one who comes or goes 
 after another ; a dependant ; attendant ; af- 
 lociarc ; companion ; a fcholar j imitator, 
 or copier. 
 
 FOL'LY, S. IfoUe, Fr. follia, Ital.] the: 
 aftof drawmg falle conclufions from juft prin- 
 ciples ; a v;eakneis, or want of underftanding; 
 an ad of negligence, or paffion unbscoming 
 the gravity ot wifdom, or the didates of cool 
 and unbiafTed reftettion. 
 
 ToFO'MENT, V. A. Ifomen'.art, Lat. 
 fomenter, Fr,] to cherifh with heat ; t.» 
 bathe with warm lotions or liquors. Fi- 
 guratively, to encourage; to fupport ; to 
 cher!fh. 
 
 FOMENTATION, S. [Fr.] in Medi- 
 cine, a p;utial bathing, or applying hot flm- 
 nels to any part, dipped in m:;dicated decoc- 
 tions ; the liquor or deco£lion formed from 
 boiling medicinal ingredients, with which any 
 pait is, or is to be fomented or ba hed, 
 
 FO'MENIER, S. an encourager or fup- 
 pOrter. 
 
 FOND, Adj. IfurJiar), SiSC.] fooliffi ; 
 filly ; indifcreet. " It is fond to wail in- 
 evitable ftrokes." Hhak. Trifling ; or va- 
 lued by folly, <' Not with /W fliackles of 
 the tefted gold." Shak. FooliiTily tender 
 and induigeyit ; loving to an accefs j taking 
 too much def^ht in, and too eagirly coveting 
 a thing. " Fame is a real good, if we may 
 believe Cicero, who was -too fond of it." 
 Dryd. 
 
 To FOND, V, A. to treat with great in- 
 dulgence, or with an indifcreet excefs of love, 
 " I'll fond it as the frow and child of love *"* 
 Dryd. ' 
 
 To FON'DLE, V, A. the fame as Fond. 
 
 FOND'LING, S. a perfon ufed with too 
 much indulgence, and beloved to an excefs; 
 a thing regarded with an excefs of affec- 
 tion. 
 
 FOND'LY, Adv. foolifhly, indifcreetly, 
 injudicioully, " Ht fondly thought he might 
 endure." S-wift, With an excefs of tender- 
 nefr, indulgence, or love. 
 
 FOND'NESS, S. fooliilinrfs ; weaknefs ; 
 want of judgment ; au excefs of love, indul- 
 gence, and tendernefs, 
 
 FONT, S. [fonte, ?T.fom, Lat.] a ftone 
 or marble velfel, in which tiie water ufed in 
 baptifm is contained, in a church. 
 
 FO'NTANEL, S. [fmanelU, Fr.] in Sur- 
 gery, an ifTue, or artificial ulcer forrned t<» 
 difcharge humours. " Advifed to ifantanelle 
 in her arm." Wilan, 
 
 FO'NTENOY, S. a town of Hainaulr, In 
 the Au.Triau Nctlierlands, confining (.n Kl in- 
 ders, where a bloody hutle w<s fougfit May i, 
 1745, between the French comnarKled by 
 njailJial count Saxe, artd the aiiie's under h's 
 
 royal
 
 F O O 
 
 royal highnefsWiUiam duke of Cumberland; 
 In which the latter, though deferted by the 
 Dutch, at firft gained feveral advantages over 
 the enemy, and obliged them to give ground ; 
 but at laft, by the exceflive fire from the 
 French batteries, were forced to retreat v^ith 
 confiderable lofs. It lies three miles S. E. 
 Qf Tournay, and fixteen N. W. of Mons. 
 Lat. sodeg. 37 min.N. long. 3 deg. 24min. 
 
 E. 
 
 FOOD, S. [foJer,Sax.] whatever Is taken 
 in at the mouth and fwallowed, to repair the 
 wants of nature. Figuratively, any thing 
 -which cherilhes. " The food of thy abufed 
 father's wrath." Shak, 
 
 FOOD'FUL, Adj. fruitful; or plentifully 
 producing things proper for the nounih- 
 jnent of animals. *' the food/u! earth." 
 
 Viyd- ^ , 
 
 FOOL, S. [ffo!, Brit, and Arm./c/, Fr.J 
 one who has not the ufe of leafon or judg- 
 ment. Figuratively, one who counteifaits 
 folly; a buffoon, or jefter. " Call my fool 
 hither." Sbak, In Scripture, an idolater ; 
 a very wicked perfon. " The fcol hath faid 
 in his heart, there is no God." Fjai. xiv. i. 
 In cotnnaon tonverfation, uled as a word oi 
 extreme contempt, and flinging reproach. 
 To play the pel, is to trifle, or plsy pranks. 
 To make a fool, is to raife a perfon's exp>.6ta- 
 tions, and difappoint the.T^. " To break 
 promife with him, and make afo((l of him." 
 :Shak. 
 
 To FOOL, V. N. to trifle; to toy ; to 
 i<Jle ; to deceive; to cheat, ufed with, out of. 
 »' Feord him out o/his money." To in inla- 
 
 tuate. 
 
 FOOL'BORN,Acj. foolifb from the birth. 
 Figuratively, produced by a fool. " Afoolbcni 
 left." ^bak. 
 
 FOOL'ERY, S. habitual folly. " Foolery 
 does walk about the orb like the fun." Shak. 
 An a£l of folly or indifcretion. " It is mere 
 fuolery to multiply diftina particulars." }Vutti. 
 An objeft of folly; a tiling which caufes and 
 indicates folly. 
 
 FOOLHAK'DINESS, S. indljcreet cou- 
 r;\ge or boldnefs. " There is a difference be- 
 tween daring and fcJbardinejs.^'' Dryd. 
 
 FGOL'HARDY, Adj. daring, bold, or 
 adventurous without diicrction, or pru- 
 dence. , r < 
 fOOL'TRAP, S. a fnare to catch fooU 
 in. " Bets, at the firft, were fotUra^u" 
 P,yd. 
 
 lOO'LISH, Adj. void of underftanding ; 
 in«!ifcreet; ridiculous; uurealonable. 
 
 FOOL'lSHLY, Adv. weakly j without 
 undetftanding ; in.-iifcreetly, 
 
 FOOL'STONES, S, in Botany, the orch'ts, 
 or fi'.yrion. Tournefort ranjies in the 3d 
 icCc. of his nth clafs ; and Linnajus in the ift 
 it£t. of his 2Cth, The fpceics are ten. 
 
 FOOT, S. [piiira!,/«f,/(/.;iJ"-, pliir,/rtffi/r, 
 |fl./o.', fe:, f lur. Sax. J that j>2rt of an ania?a| 
 
 F O O 
 
 whereon it (lands or walks. In Anatomy, the 
 extremity of the leg, confiftingof the taifus, 
 or fpace ot the ankle from the body of the 
 toot, the inetatarfus, or body of llu' foot, and 
 'he toes. Figuratively, that part with which 
 any thing is fupported, in the farne manner as 
 the foot fupports the body ot an animal j 
 the lower part, or bafe. " Feet of moun- 
 tains." Hahiu. With on, waiiiing, oppofed 
 to travelling on horieback, or in a carriage. 
 A plan, fcheme, or feitlement. *• Upon the 
 foot of our conftitution." Sivft, To Jet on 
 foot, is to begin ; to give rife to. " If fuch 3 
 tradition were, at any l\me.,jet on foot.'''' TilUt, 
 Motion, agitation, oraftion. " The num-. 
 hers, or variety of ends on foot.'''' Grew. In 
 Greek and Latin poetry, a certain number 
 of long and ihort fyllables conftituting adif- 
 tindl part of a verfe. A meafure confifting 
 of iz inphes. 
 
 To FOOT, V. A. to fpurn, kick, or 
 ftrike with the foot ; to fettle, to plan. 
 '' VVh.K confederacy have you with the trai- 
 tors — late footed." Shak. In Dancing, to 
 make a noiie with the foot refembling the 
 tune played by the mufic ; to dance. " To 
 featly fo^t the grace," T'uxle. The infantry 
 of an army, or thole who walk, oppofed to 
 ca-jalry, or thofe that ride. 
 
 FOOTBALL, S. a bail made of leather, 
 and filled with wind, by means of a bladder 
 included in the infide. 
 
 FOOT'-BOY, S. a lad attending in li- 
 very. 
 
 FOOT'CLOTH, S. a fumpter-doth. 
 
 FOOT'ED, fhaped in the fjot. " Footed 
 like a goat." Greiv, Having a foot, or a 
 place to contain the foot, applied to f^ock- 
 
 FOOT'HOLD, 8. fpace to bold the foot, 
 or room enough to tread on lecureiy. " So 
 little/c^rjbo/^." V Eftrar.ge. 
 
 FOOTING, 5. ground for the foot, or 
 any thing to reft on. " The unftedfaft/wf/ng 
 oi a fpear." Sbjk, FounJation ; bafis ; lup- 
 port ; root ; place ; tread ; walk ; or the found 
 of a perfon's feet in walking. •' 1 hear the 
 foot'ir.g of a man." Sbak, A particular man- 
 ner ot moving the feet in dancing lo as to 
 echo the found of the tune ; fteps j traft ; 
 road. Figuratively, entrance ; beginning ; 
 eftabliihment. ^' NoLulcful arts have yet 
 found fating here." DryJ. Sta:e ; condi- 
 tion ufeJ with on. " Gaul was en the fame 
 footing with Egypt." Jddif. 
 
 FOOT'LICKER, S. a mean, fervile, and 
 f,nvning'perlon. " I thy Caliban— for 'aye 
 ihy forlicker."' S,ba'<. 
 
 lOOT'MAN, S. a foldicr that marches 
 and fights on ground, opposed to a borjcman, 
 " The numbers levied — confift of footmen 
 three millions, of hotfcmen one." Ral. A 
 menial feryan; in livery ; one who v«alks, or 
 runs. 
 ^ FOOT'MAffSAIP, S. ths art or office qf
 
 FOR 
 
 a runncii, " Yet I have done more with my 
 wiles than ever you did with your Joitman 
 pip." VF.ftran. 
 
 FOOT'PACE, S. a flow manner of walk- 
 ing- . 
 , FOOT'PATH, S. a narrow way, which 
 will admit only foot pairengers, not being 
 wide enough lor horfes or carriages. 
 
 FOOT'STALL, S. a woman's (lirnip. 
 
 FOOT'STEP, S. an impieiHon left by the 
 fool in tr.eiiding. Figuratively, any trace, 
 matk, token, or fign. 
 
 FOOT'STOOL, S. a ftool whereon a per 
 fon piicBs his feet, when fitting. 
 
 FOP, S. a perioa of v,eak underrt^nding 
 gnd greit pretence to know);dge and wilJom ; 
 or rather a peifin aft'edin^j delicacy too much 
 bo;l: \t\ drefs and behaviour. 
 
 FUP'-DOODLE, S. a fool ; ^n inf^gnifi- 
 cam wretch. " Handled you like zfcf-dooJU." 
 
 FOP/PERY, S, impertinence or folly. 
 '•' L.e: not the found or fhallow fcppery enter 
 my heufe." Shak. AflcCtaCion oi Ihew in 
 drcis, and im.portance without folidity j foole- 
 jj-j afteiflation j or aftei'.ed trifling, 
 
 rOP/piSH, Adj. fooliffi; idle; vain; 
 vain in /how; gaudy; attpnded with too 
 ^reat an affe£lation of ceremony in bchz- 
 
 rOP'PISHLY, Adv. after the manner of 
 a top; vainly; oftentatioufly. 
 
 FOP'PISHNESS, S. fhowy, oftentatious ; 
 an afteifVed vanity. v 
 
 FOP'LING, S. a petty^ fop ; a coxcomb 
 of the fecond order. 
 
 FOR, Prep, [for. Sax. faur, or faura, 
 Goih. voor, Belg. '/a'r, Tcut. pour, Fr.J 
 btcaufe, or on account of. '• That which we 
 yircur unworthinef?, are unworthy to crave." 
 Hooker. " V/ith refpeft or regard to. "For 
 Lnllc mete infefts." Tc/rf Ufed often with 
 tfs hefoie it in t'as fenfc. inftead of; in the 
 chiradler or likenefs cf. " Eaibracc/sr truth." 
 Locke. "Lay/^dead." Dryd. '< He re- 
 JlIVJ not to die /o/- thofe that killed him." 
 B'jylt. Conducive, or tending to. " It is for 
 tlic general good." Tilicrf. Towards, or with 
 in.sntion of going to a certain pl;ce. " We 
 fa^kd dirediy for Genoa." Addif, With 
 rc'peft to; on account of; concerning, 
 " Thus muchyji/- the bei'inning and progrefs." 
 ^uri:e:. In confirmation or eilablifliment, 
 applied to prooJs. " There is a ii.-tuial, im- 
 mutable, and eternal tCAfonfor th^t which we 
 call virtue. Ti/.V/. Agsmft, or as a re- 
 medy for. " Good for the tooth-ach." 
 Garret. Ready, fit, prepared, or proffer. ''If 
 yuu be an undcitaker, 1 am for you." Skah. 
 In favour of; on the fid- of. ^ " Aril^otle is 
 for poLticil juiHce." Deirh, Fit; becom- 
 ing. " Is it /or you to ravjgs fea and land .''" 
 V yd. Followed by a/,', it implies notivitb- 
 l-undirtg ; confidering j or in proportion to. 
 
 FOR 
 
 ^' He is not very tall, yet for his yzars he'3 
 call." 8bak. 
 
 FOR, Conj. wfed to introduce and gtve a 
 reafon of fomething advanced before ; be- 
 caufe. " Yet for that the worft tnen are 
 moit ready," Upenfcr. Forafmuch as, implie? 
 Jince, or Ixcaufe. " Ftiajmucb as it is a fun- 
 dament.)! law." Bacon, For lohy, bcciuC:: i 
 foi this reafon that. ^' For zvry, Soivmaa 
 purjofing to draw the enemy into battle." 
 AT. <;.'/« . 
 
 FQ'RAGE, S. [fourarf, Fr.J ia War, 
 provifions for horiss and cattie. 
 
 To FO'RAGE, V.N. to go in fearch of 
 forage. 
 
 FOR.VMINOUS. Adj. f foramen, Lzt.J 
 full of holes, or pores. "' Soft ii-a^'^orainir.ous 
 bodies." Bacon. 
 
 To F^ORBtA'R, V. A. l^,rb^ran, Sax.] 
 to ceafe from aftion; to paufe, or delay ; to 
 decline; to omitj or abfVainfrom voluntarily; 
 to endure with patience. 
 
 FORBEA'RaNCE, S.theaftof pat^entlj- 
 enduring provocation or o.'^'ence. " By long 
 forbearance is a prince perfuaded." Proi/, 
 XXV. 15. 
 
 To FOREI'D, V. A. {for.beodan. Sax.] 
 to comm?.i;d a perlon not to perform a thing, 
 Neuterly, to order that a ihinft hi?y not hap. 
 uen. " Now the good Coas forbid 1" Skak. 
 
 FORBID'DANCE, S. a 'prohibition ; or 
 command to abltain from any thing. 
 
 FORBID'DENLY, Adv. in inch a mar,- 
 ner as is prohibited ;'in a:i unlawful manner. 
 '' You have touch'd his queen forbiddcnh.'- 
 ibak. - ^ 
 
 FORBiD'DING, Part, ralfing abhorence, 
 averlion, or awe ; obliging to keep arefpeft.'uj 
 diftance. 
 
 FORCE, S. [Fr./i^rz^i, Ital.] power j vl, 
 gour ; aflive power ; firength of body ; vio- 
 lence ; yalidiiy; an armament; or a company 
 of men or fhips intended for war ; warlike 
 preparations ; uf'ed generally in the plural. 
 Virtue, or efficacy ; delhny ; nepefiity ; itrefs^ 
 or emph:ifis of a fentence. 
 
 To FORCE, V. A. [forcer, Fr,] to com- 
 pel a perfon to do a thing agam.l his will ; tQ 
 overpower by ftrength ; to drive by violence j 
 to draw or pufli by main ftrength ; to get fro.-n 
 oy violence. In War, to take or enier a ciry 
 oy violence ; to ftorm ; to ravilh. U'yed 
 with out, lo extort a thing which thould be 
 concealed, " The tricks ul'cd in convening 
 fynoris might fora out an csprclhon Ircn^ 
 him.'' yitterb, 
 
 FO'RCED, Part, obliged to do a thing in- 
 voluntarily, and by conipulfion. V/icHei ; 
 unnatural, applied to theulpol words. " Forcftf 
 conceits." A ictf, 
 
 FORCEFl/L, Adj. violent; ftiongj drive^ 
 with great violence. 
 
 FQ'RCEFJLLY, Adv. in a yiolent, im- 
 petuous, aru iapid aA-xutt , 
 
 ff FORCE'-
 
 F O H 
 
 rO'RCELESS, Aaj. without ftrengih, cr 
 force. 
 
 FO'RCEPS, S. [Lst. a pair of tongs] in 
 Surgery, an inftrumciu opening like a pair 
 of tongs, ufed to extra£l any thing out of 
 wound;. 
 
 FO'KCER, S. that which drives, compels, 
 orconftrains by ftrength, power, or violence. 
 In Mechanics, ihe embolus or pidon of a 
 pump working by pulfion or force, oppofed lo 
 a fucker, which works by attraftion. 
 
 FO'RCIBLE, Adj. ftron^ ; powerful ;v!o. 
 lent J or efFicacious j of great influence, or 
 power 5 caufed by force, violence, or compul- 
 fion, oppofed to •vohintury ; valid 3 binding in 
 law or confcience ; obligatory, 
 
 FO'RCiELENESS, S. the quality of ef- 
 feiling any end by power, computfion, or vio- 
 lence. 
 
 FO'RCIBLY, Adv. ftrongly; powerfully 
 fo as to make fome impreflion, or produce 
 feme tfftO. ; by irrefiflible power, or force. 
 
 FO'RCIPATED, Adj. [(rom/arrt/s, Lat.J 
 formed like a pair of pincers, fo as to open 
 and ihut. " Hold it with their forcifauJ 
 mouth." Diih. 
 
 FORD, S. [Sax.] a (hallow part of a 
 river. Sometimes it fignifies a ftream or 
 river. " Permit my gboll to pafs the Stygian 
 foidr Dryd. 
 
 To FORD, V. A. to pafs a river without 
 fwimming, or on foot. 
 
 FO'RDABLE, A. j. paffabie on foot. 
 
 FORE, Adj. f Sax.j that part which comes 
 firft when a body moves, oppofed to }yind. 
 •' Greater prtfTing on the fore than hind 
 pyt." Cheynf, 
 
 FORE, Adv. the part which appears firft 
 to thofe that meet it, oppofed xo eft, "A 
 flight fpar deck_/or£and aft." Raleigh, 
 
 FORE, in compofitiOB, from the Saxon, 
 implies priority of time, or before any certain 
 period. See Before. 
 
 ToFO'RE-ADVISE. V. A. to give 
 counfel betimes j to advife before a thing 
 happens. 
 
 To FO'RE-ARM, V. A. to provide for an 
 attack before it happens. 
 
 To FO'REBODE, V. N. [/^rfWw/j.Sax,] 
 to predift, or foretel j to prefage, generally ap- 
 plied to fome fii"ure calamity. 
 
 FO'REBODER, S. a prognofticator } footh- 
 fayer ; foreteller, or fore-knower. 
 
 To FO'RECAST, V. A. to plan, or pre- 
 pare for cxecition ; to contrive, to forcfee, or 
 provide againfi^. " Toforecaji coiifcquences." 
 IJ'Ejlrur.ge, Among SemftrelTes, to work a 
 bitton-hole, or any thing in the fame man- 
 ner as a button- hole. 
 
 FO'RECAST, S.Jcontrivance before-h^nd; 
 a fcheme ; a plan : provifton againft any fu- 
 ture emergence ; forefight. 
 
 FO'RECASTER, S, one who forefees and 
 provjCes ag^inllaAy future event. 
 
 FOR 
 
 FO'RECASTLE, S. that part of a ftf^ 
 
 where the furemaft (taniis. 
 
 FO'RECHOSEN, Part, chofen or ekfted 
 !>etoie a certain rime. 
 
 FO'RECITED, Fart, quoted before, or itj 
 a p'ececiing part of a work. 
 
 lo FO'RECLOSE, V. A. to /hut up ; t.a 
 prerlude ; to prevent 5 to put a flop to. la 
 Law, u> foredofe a n:ortgage,M to cut ori the 
 power or redemption. 
 
 FO'REDECK,S. the deck in that part 
 of a fhip which is fi.remon- when fiie fails 
 
 FO'REDO, V. A. to undo or ruin. " This 
 is the ni^lit — th't makes mi.-, or foiedca ms 
 quite" Sh-i''^. To wea:y, overdo, or almoft 
 kill. " Ail with wearv td/k/or<f./o/;ir." Hhak. 
 
 ToFOREDO'OM, V. A. to predeftinate; 
 to determine beforehand by an inevitable ne- 
 cefTity. 
 
 FO'RE-END, S. the foremoft part ; the 
 firft part applied to time. 
 
 FO'REFATHER, S. an ancefror ; or one 
 who is born before another, and belongs to his 
 family or country. 
 
 To FO'REFEND. V. A. to forbid j to 
 avert. " Henvnif ore/end !" Shat. To pro- 
 vide for ; to ftcure beforehand, " His parti- 
 cular to foreftnd-^'' iihak. 
 
 FOREFi'NGER, S. the finger next to the 
 thumb. 
 
 FOREFO'OT, S. [plural, fortfeet] that 
 foot of a beaft which is neareft t.he ncad. 
 
 To FO'REGO, V. A. to quit, refign, give 
 up, or let go ; to go before ; to be paft, from 
 foie and go 5 to outgo to lole by outgoing, or 
 outrunning. " VVhofe vi«lent property JGr*- 
 ^'v^itrelf." Shik. 
 
 FOREGO'ER, S. an anceftor, progenitor, 
 or predrcedor. 
 
 FO'REGROUND, S. that part of the 
 ground or lutface of a piflure, which feems 
 to be before the fi;;ures. 
 
 FO'REH.'^ND,' S. that part of a horfe 
 which is before the rider ; the chief, or moft 
 excellent part. " The finew and xheforcLand 
 of our hof)-." Shak, 
 
 FOTIEHANDED, Adj. e^rly ; timely ; be- 
 fore an event comes to pafs; lormed in the 
 foreparts. " A fubflantial, true bred beaft, 
 brayfiv fc-ehann'ed.''^ Dr\d. 
 
 \ O'K F.H 1; AD, S. the' part of the face from 
 the eyebrows to the hair. Figuratively, im- 
 pudence ; confidence ; alTurance. " J fain 
 would know to wh^at-hranch — they can have 
 ihe/c-'-f'/tf'^t/ to reply." i>iv-,ft. 
 
 FO'REHOLDINGS, S. [plural] predic- 
 tions ; omens, forebodings ; filly and fuper- 
 (litutions pr.jgnofticationf. The omens /ore- 
 holdings, :ind old wives taUs." L'EJiran, 
 
 FO'REIGN, Adj. [fi.a:,i Fr. foraro. 
 Span, oi forh, Lat.} of another kingdom, or 
 country ; alien ; remote ; not allied ; oppofiie; 
 inconfiftent with j irrecomiicablf with. "A 
 hnguage/cjjr^wto sny heart, .^'</<»'/To». " Not 
 
 foiei^n
 
 von 
 
 joriign from fome people's thoughts." Siv'ft. 
 
 Excluded ; diftant j or not admitted to one's 
 
 c'ccjuaintance, or company ; like one of an- 
 
 olher country. "Keep him a Jlreign man 
 
 ftill." Sbdk. 
 
 FO'REIGNER, S. a man who is born in, 
 
 and tomes from another counti-y; the pro- 
 
 diice of another country j exotic. 
 
 FO'REIGNNESS, S reir.otenefsj ftrarige- 
 
 neTsj want of relation to fomething. "Let 
 not tUeforeignnefs of the fubjeft." L''-ch. 
 
 To FO'REJUDGE, V, A. to Judge before- 
 hand j to judge without proof j to be prepof- 
 ftfied, or prejudiced againft. 
 
 FO'REJUDGED the Court, in LavO, is 
 when an olncer is banidied or expelled a court 
 /or fome oftenre, or for not appearing to an 
 aflion by bill filed atraini!: him, in which cafe 
 he canrjot officiaie till he appear to the bill. 
 2. Hen. IV, c. 3. 
 
 FO'REJUDGER, S. in Law, a judgment 
 whereby a perf h is deprived of^ or put by, the 
 thing in queflion. 
 
 To FG'REKNOW, V, A. to have know- 
 ledge of a thing before it happens j to fore- 
 fee. 
 
 FO'REKNOWABLE, Adj. pofTible to be 
 known befoie it happens, 
 
 FOREKNOWLEDGE, S. knowledge of 
 a thing before :t happens. 
 
 FCR-ELaND, S. in Navigation, a point 
 of land jutting out into the fea ; a promon- 
 tory. In Fortification, a fmali fpace of Lnd 
 between the wall of a place and the moat,call- 1 
 ed alfo heame and /ixiere 
 
 FOR 
 
 . FO'RENOTICE, S. a token or infornia- 
 tion ot , thing or event before it hapoens, 
 
 FO'RENSIC, A^j. lfo,,r:jecusMt.fore,:p, 
 1-at.J belonging to a court of Jaw or judica- 
 ture j belo/iiiino to the law. 
 
 To FO'REORDAIN, V.A. to determine, 
 or order an event before it happen', 
 
 .FO'REPART, S. .Kefirftp^r^orbedn- 
 ning.^ applied to time " The fi-epart of'the 
 day. Raltig/j. That part which is firft 
 when a thing, or r^erfon, movi^. 
 
 FO'REPAST, Part. th3t which has hap- 
 pened, or pift before a certain period,' " Of 
 all forepaji fins.'*' Ha;r.m, 
 
 To tORERUN, V. A. to precede, or go 
 before J to introduce as a me.Tenger, or har- 
 binger. " Pity flill/.m:,wappro.chinglove '* 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 FORERU'NNER, S, an harbinger, o^ 
 meflenger fent before to prepare the way or 
 give notice of the approach of fome perfon 
 ^v.io IS to follow ; a fign or omen, forefliewing 
 tlie approach cf fo-ne future eVent 
 
 To FO/RESAY, V. A. to predicl, or give 
 notice of fome future event. 
 
 To FO/RESEE, V. A. [pret. >./.,,, 
 pnrt,c,p.>.,/,,,,J to f.e a thing beforehand 
 to have knowledge of fomethi.og which is to 
 
 . To FORESHE'W, V.A. to dif.over, or 
 give notice o( a thmp. before it happens 
 
 To FORESHORTEN, V. A. to fhorten 
 hgures, for the f.ke of /hewing thofe behind 
 them. • Hef-.rHidsthe/or^/^,r.V/i/;;^j."Z)rvi 
 
 FO'RESGHT, S. th/act of'^feelng^; 
 
 To FO'REL AY, V A. to lay wait for ; to perceiving "a thing before it happenstthf aft 
 ke in a fnjre or ambuln. An am >ulh a r,t .i.-^.,; j;„ .._ /i r^ ^ ' 
 
 take in a fnare or ambu/h. " An am'jufh'a 
 X.h\c{ forelayt a tr.ivcller." Dryd. 
 
 FORELO'.'K, S. the hair which growson 
 the forepart of the head. In a (hip, a little 
 flat wedge, like a piece of iron, ufed at the 
 ends of bolts, to keep them from ftarting, or 
 flying out of the holes. 
 
 FO'RELOIN, Afj. [pronounced /,rj/.-„fJ 
 in Hunting, applied to a hound, that, when 
 going be.lore the re'.l of the cry, meets the 
 ehace, and goes aw;y with it. 
 
 FO'REM'aN, S. the firft or cliief perfon 
 jn any aliembly, or among any workmen. 
 
 FO'RLMAST, in a (hip, a round large 
 piece of timber, featcd in the forepart, on 
 which is born the foref^il, 
 ^ FOREMENTlONEI^Part, or Adj. men- 
 tioned, qiit.tfd, orcit'^d before. 
 _. FO'REMOST, Arij. firft, or before others 
 in place and luuiitionj chief, or before others 
 in dignity. ^ 
 
 FO'REMAMEt), PJrt. or A^j. [See' 
 Foremen! ionedJ named, mentioned, or 
 fpoken oi before, or in a former part of a 
 *o k. 
 
 FO'RENOON, S the firft part of the day, 
 ircaluied fro.n tile d.;vvn to the noon, or 12 
 ft'clock* 
 
 ot providing againfl any future event' 
 
 FO'RESIGHTFUL, Adj. having the 
 knowledge of, and preparinz againft any fu- 
 tureevent. " Tht fireflgbtful art he had of 
 hr: li;ly luccefT^r." Sidney. 
 
 To FORESI'GNIFY, V. A, to give no- 
 tice or token o^ an event before it happens - 
 to teftify. " Whofe coming the Pfalms did 
 hinfore/igmfy.'" Hooker. 
 
 FORESk!^7, S. the membrane which co- 
 ■vfrs the head of th- pens ; the prepuce 
 
 To FORESLO'W, V. A. to delay,' Im- 
 pede, or obftruiV : to loiter. "' 
 
 To FORESP.I'aK, V. A. rfrom/,..and 
 fpeakj to tell, or /be.v before it h:.pciens 
 
 FORE'ST, S. \foreJi, ?.r\x. fo'cjl, Fr. fo. 
 rcf.a, Ital. for/}, Teiit.J a large uncdlllvitej 
 tiaSt ot ground cv;r^roV.-n with tr.'es. In 
 Ljw, a certain teriitory of wodi-i. groun'js,ar,J 
 frui fill paftures, privileged for wild bc'.fts, 
 fowls of the/-;iy7, ch.fc, and wjrren, t.. r^ft 
 and abide in, in the f-fe jjfo^ea.on of thd 
 kine. f'J- His pleafurpj ,*' 
 ^ 'FORE'ST, A.dj. cfSif'liero'npingto a foreft. 
 Forejl ciiiei, vveie roiir'cj'fl^ej, TJt.i.'jteJ, abro..), 
 ■ T^ the Black i'orfjT. ' flrcJi'Uwi arc peculiar 
 laws, refpeaina Vr;mss'|Com!npitteil in fcrcjh^ 
 and diff'-rent Uo\A tKe 'tomrnon J«ws of 
 f f » England,
 
 F,0 R 
 
 England. Worefl doth, a peculiar kind of 
 broaH cloth. 
 
 FO'RESTAFF, S. an jnftrument ufed at 
 fea for taking the altitudes of heavenly 
 bodies. 
 
 To FO'RESTALL, V. A. Ifonfiallan, 
 Sax. of fore, Sax. before, ini flail, Sax, a fta- 
 tion] to anticipate ; to take up beforehand ; 
 or to be troubled on account of fome calamity 
 before it happens. " What need a man fere- 
 Jlall his date ol' grief." Mill. To prevent a 
 perfon from doing of a thing by doing it before 
 him. '• I will not y(3;-f/?a// your judgment of 
 the reft." To buy commodities before an- 
 ether, in order to raife their price. 
 
 FO'RF-STALLER, S. one who intercepts 
 cuftomers as thfy go to market. 
 
 FO'REST-BORN, Adj. born in a foreft. 
 or wild place. " This boy is furtfi-bom.''^ 
 Shak. 
 
 FOR'ESTER, S. [/ore/lier, Fr.] a perfon 
 who has the charge oi a foreft ; one vtho 
 ifthabits a foreft. 
 
 To FO'RETASTE, V. A. to have a 
 flrong iJea and earneft of a thing before it 
 exifts ; to anticipate; to tsfle before another, 
 or before a determinate time. " Foretajied 
 fruit." M:lt. 
 
 FO'RETEETH, S. [plural} the broad flat 
 teeth in the front of a ]>erron's mouth ; nam- 
 ed likewi e buiter-tteth, and the inc'tfeies. 
 
 To FORETE'L, V. A. [preier an.i parti- 
 ciple, yi/rc/^.'^/j to prophefy ; to give notice of 
 a thing or event before it happens j to fore- 
 token, Or frrtfliew. 
 
 FORETL'LLER, S. one who giv s notice 
 of things fir lire betorc they hjppen, 
 
 To FORETHl'NK, V. A. [preter and 
 fiU.foret bought] to have an iiea or coiicep 
 tjon of a thing in the mind before it happens 
 or exifts ; to plan, or contrive before-hand. 
 *' F9rithink;nr, vvriphing poLtician." Si,:'ilh. 
 
 FORETHO'UGHT, S. anticipation, or 
 forefight ; a provident care againft fome future 
 cvenr. 
 
 FOMETOP, S. thit part of a woman's 
 head-dreiV, or a man's peruke, immediately 
 above ihe lorehcad. 
 
 FO'REWARD, S. the van, or front of an 
 army. '* They that marched in the fore- 
 nvard.'" I Mace. ix. 1 1. 
 
 To FOREWA'RN, V. A. to give a per- 
 fon advice beforehand ; to caution a perfon 
 frcm doing a thing beforehand. 
 
 FOR'FEIT, S. [fforfcd, Bnt. forfdi, Fr.] 
 fometliii'g loft, or paid by way of puni/hment 
 for a crirjie ; a perton liable to punifliment, ot 
 one who is condemned to dt- nh tor a crime. 
 " Your brothef is a f.rfeit of the l.ivv." 
 Skak. 
 
 To JOR'FEfT, V. A. to lofe a privilege 
 enjiived before, or pay a fum of money as a 
 puiiiflimerit ior feme crime. 
 
 FOR'r'EIT, P^rtiup. liable to be feized, oi 
 loft; cither as to li^ht or pcdcQlon^ on account 
 
 FOR 
 
 of the commifTion of a crime; or the breach 
 of the conditions in a contra^. 
 
 FORTE ITABLE, Adj. liable to be loft 
 on non-performance of certain conditions, or 
 on being guilty of any particular aflion. 
 _ FORTEITURE.'S. [forfamre, Fr. See 
 Forfeit] llie act of lofing, or paying on 
 account of fome omiflion or crime ; the 
 punifliment fuffered by Jofs of fomething in 
 a perlon'i poffcfli Jii ; the thing paid or Joft as 
 a punishment ; a fine. 
 
 FORGE, S. [?i: forgia, Ital.J the fur- 
 nace where iron is pn.pcrly tempered, or the 
 place where it is beaten into any particular 
 form. 
 
 To FORGE, V. A. [forge,; Fr.] to form 
 by tlie hammer ; to beat into ftiape ; to make 
 by any means ; to counterfeit, or falfify. 
 
 FO RGER, S. one who makes ; or ons 
 who forms by beating ; one who counterfeits 
 a thing. 
 
 FO'RGERY, S. the crime of counterfeit- 
 ing in order to defraud cr impofe upon; the 
 ait of fabrication ; fmiths woik made by 
 forging. " Unlefs the/c./-o-ery of brazen fljield." 
 Milt. 
 
 To FORGE'T, V.A. [preter./.r^o.% part. 
 f'-gct, or forgotten J 'vergetex, Delg. fergezxan, 
 old Fr. -vergeff'enyTt'jt.j to lofe the memory or 
 remembrance of ; to neglcft. " Can a woman 
 forget hf-r fucking child .^" Jfai. xlix. 5. 
 
 FORCE'TFUL, Adj. not retaining a thing 
 in the memory; caufing oblivion or forgetful- 
 ncfs ; negligent ; negledful ; carclefs. " Be 
 not forge ful to entertain llrangers. Hebrews 
 xiii. 2, 
 
 FORGF.TFULNESS.S. the habitof lofing 
 the memory, or remeaibrance of a thing ; ne- 
 giigenc?, cr negleft. 
 
 To FORGl'VE, V. A. \fcrgfan, Sax. 
 ^xtxtx foj-ga'ue, part. /ir^iz-^aj to pafs by a 
 crime v\ ithout pun:(hnicnt ; to pardon a crime, 
 or a criminal ; to remit ; to forego ; or not to 
 infift upon a right. " Forga-ve him the debt." 
 Matib. xviii. 27. 
 
 FORGI'VENESS, S. [forgfenryje, Sax.] 
 pardon of an cflicer, or an otferider ; wiUing- 
 neis to pardon ; remiffion of a fine ; or the 
 forj2,iving a perfun a fum of money which he 
 owes. 
 
 FORGl'VER, S. one who foregoes his 
 right to a debt, or paffes by an offence without 
 punilTiment or anger. 
 
 FORK, S. [effcrch, Brit. /erf, St^x. funhe, 
 Fr. yj/'fi7, Lat.J an inftnimfi:t m^rie ■f.v.h two 
 (;rongs, ftiarp at the point, and ufed in e»'.ing ; 
 when it has a very long handle, and three 
 prong5, it is called a trident. The point or' 
 forked p'rt of an arrow. 
 
 To I-ORK, V. N. to Allot into blade', 
 prongs, or oiv:f)on!, like thole ot corn, wbcn 
 it appears abr.ve ground, or the heads and 
 horns of catile. 
 
 FORTvED, Adj. formed with two or more 
 parts, rclcjnbling the prongs of a fork. 
 
 FOR'KEDLY,
 
 FOR 
 
 FOR'KEDLY, Adv. la the form of a 
 fork. 
 
 FOR'KEDNESS, S. the quality of open- 
 ing into two pjrts, refembling the prongs of a 
 fo.k. 
 
 FO'RKY, Adj. opening in two parts, and 
 pointed likg the prongs of a fork, or the head 
 of an arrow. " Theitforky tongue and point- 
 lefs fhng." Pope, 
 
 FORLO'RN, Adj. [farkren. Sax. of/jr- 
 loriiian. Sax. to lofej dellitute ; forfakcn ; 
 wretched ; loft: 5 riefperate. Forlorn Lof^e, tho^e 
 foldiers who are fent on any defperate enter- 
 
 ing, as the term imports, defiltiite ofallbtpcs, 
 and, as it were, doomed to perifli. 
 
 FORLO'RN, S. a loft, fojlaken, friend- 
 lefs, or helpkfs perfon. " To live in Scot 
 land a_/c///sr;j." Shak. 
 
 FORLO'RNNESS, S. a flate wherein a 
 perfon is v^-id of hopes, deftitute of fnends, 
 and i ivolved in forrow or mifery. 
 
 FORM, S. [forme, Fr. /orwa, Lit.] the 
 external appearance, fhape, or p.!rticuhr mo- 
 del of any thing. Regulirity ; method, or 
 order, applied to placing things, or the ar- 
 rangement of the parts of a difcourl'e. Exter- 
 nal appe^rince, or mere ftiow, when opposed 
 lo fuhjlarcc. Any ftated method, or eft^hlifhed 
 pra£l:ce j a long feat or bench. In Schools, 
 a clafs, or divifion of kholars. In Hunting, 
 the feat or bed of a hare, f lom fyrmtha, S«x. 
 a feat. In Printing, a certain number ol 
 psges contained in an iion or fteel fquare, or 
 chaff, v/hich being made tifht by wooden 
 quoins, riglets, &c, is laid upon th: prtfs to 
 be printed off. In the IVlechanic Arts, a kind 
 of mould, whereon a thing is faftiioned or 
 wrought. 
 
 FO'RMA pauperis, [Lat. in the quality, or 
 after the manner, of a poor man] in Law, is 
 applied when a perfon has cauie of fuit, but is 
 fo poor as not to be able to pay tlie charges : in 
 which cafe, he makes oath that he has not 
 worth five pounds, his debts being paid, and 
 bringing a certificate from fume lawyer, that 
 his cauie is a juft one, the judge admits hini 
 to Jue in fjrma pauperis, r. e. without paying 
 fees to the counfcllor, attorney, cleik, or the 
 flamp-duty. This cufiom has its beginning 
 from ftat. II Hen. VII. c. 12. 
 
 FO'RMaL, Adj. [formcl, Fr.formalli, 
 Lat. J Ceremonious; folemn ; piecife; exact to 
 afletlation } done according to certain rules or 
 methods J regular 3 methodical; merely ex- 
 ternal. 
 
 FORMA'LIST, S. [formalljie, Fr.] one 
 who praftifes external rites and ceremonies 
 with great flriftnefs; one who prefers appear- 
 ance to reality j or aftecls to fcem what he is 
 
 "01. 
 
 FORMA'LITY, S. ceremonious exaOnefe 
 
 FOP. 
 
 T« FORMA'LIZE, V.A.r/..w^/;s:<?r,Fr.] 
 to form, make, or model. "Djth iofirmahxe, 
 unite, and actuate his whole rare." hooker. 
 To afTctt formality j to be fond of cere- 
 mony. 
 
 FORMA'LLY, Adv. according to cda- 
 blifhed rules, cuftoms, ceremonies, and rites; 
 in a precife manner j with too great afiTeda- 
 tion of ceremony. 
 
 FORMA'TION, S. [Fr. formatio, Lat.] 
 the aa of formirj-, making, or producing a 
 thing; the manccr in wh'ich a thmg is m-oe. 
 
 FO/RMATIVE, Adj. r>w^to, Lat. of 
 
 prize, or make the firft onfet in a battle ; be- fonr.o, Lat.] h:ivi;g the power to make. " By 
 
 any formative power refiding in the foil." 
 Bent ley, 
 
 FO'RMER, S. [irom form] one that gives 
 form to a thing; a maker. " Tht foiir.er of 
 our bodies." Ray 
 
 FO'RMER, Adj. {former, Sax. fnmilji, 
 Goth, firft. Hince former, iindfon!icJ},cQm- 
 tr.unly written /ow«o/2] before in time ; men- 
 tioned before another; part. " Tins was the 
 cuitom xnfcrtner times.'* 
 
 FO'RMERLY, Adv. in times paft. 
 
 FO'RMIDABLE, Adj. [Fr. formldjbUh, 
 Lat.j terrible; dreadful; occafioning great 
 fear, or apprehenfion, of trouble and danger ; 
 to be feared. 
 
 FO'RMIDABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 exciting terror, or the apprehenfion of dangerj 
 the thing exciting tiie pafTion of fear. 
 
 FO'RMIDABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to excite fear. 
 
 FO'RMLESS, Adj. fliapelefs, or without 
 any regular form. 
 
 FOR'MULARY, S. [fomiu'alre, Fr.j a 
 book containing the prefcribed rules, or man- 
 ner of performing any thing. 
 
 FO'RMULE, S. [Fr. formula, Lat.] a fet 
 rule, or prefcribed form or model. 
 
 To FO'RNiCATE, V. A. [fornix, Lat.J 
 to Commit lewd actions. ' " A new way 10 
 fornicate.''^ Brown. Not in common ufe. 
 
 FORNICA'TION, S. [Ft. firm cat io, LatJ 
 the a£t or incontinence between unmarried 
 prrfonf. Siir.ple fornication is thai which is 
 cnmmitred with a pioltitute, and fuppofed by 
 fume cal'uifts to be the loweft degree of this 
 crime. In Scripture, fornication is ul'ed 
 for idolatry, the compaift iietween God and 
 the Jews, with refpedt to the tlKocracy, 
 being cunfidercd in the light of a marriage 
 contrail. 
 
 FORNICA'TOR, S. a fingle men who is 
 (guilty of an a£l of incontinence wi-.h an 
 unmarried woman. 
 
 FORNICATRESS, S. a fingle woman 
 guilty of the crime of incontinence with an 
 unmarried maji. 
 
 To FORSA'KE, V. A. [prefer, firfo.k, 
 
 • ^. >...*.. A^i I i , o. (.ciciiiuiiiuu:! cxaccneie part. paff. firf»cik, or forjakci -^ forjacan, part, 
 
 to excels, or to afTe£lation ; folemn order, ha- \frJoccn, Sax. -verjagen, Teut. vcrjaccan, Bele.J 
 
 bit, or diefs. In Law, the rules pentriued, or I to leave in releiiimcnt, negledt, or djllikt • 
 
 trying on any caufe, to break off friendtliip or comiOerte with • .' 
 
 ^' f 3 le'-v! 
 
 cuftoms obferved in carrying on iiny
 
 FOR 
 
 »c«ve or go away from; to defert ; or wUhJraw 
 iny kind ofnre.s or aliift^nce from a perliiii 
 to RSAKhR, S. one who quits or liefeii'- 
 in relcntment, (iiflike, or negleiil. 
 
 FORSOO'TH, Ac.v. [forjui, Sax. of/or. 
 Sax. an expletiv;, zv\dJoth, bzx. true, or truihj 
 in truth : lurc ly 5 certainly. 
 
 To FORSWEA'R, [pronnuncedycr/wjr^, 
 ^rtlerfore-z-jcre, p^n. fcrjivorn] to renounce, 
 guit, or oeny open oath. Neuteily, to fwcar 
 Jaliely ; to be fuihy of pre;«.ry. 
 
 FORSWEA'RER, S. '[pronounced far- 
 fivarer] one who Iwears a thir.g Co be tiue, 
 which he knows to be fAi'e. 
 
 FORT, S. [Vi.forus, Lzt. ftrong] a little 
 cattle or fortrcfs ; a place of fnrull extent, for- 
 tified by ait or nature, or both ; or a work 
 encoinpafied with a moat, rampart, and para- 
 pet, to fecure fome high ground, or piffape. 
 
 FORTH, Adv. [forih, SdX. whence fur- 
 tbcr, furthft -^ njcord, Beig furt, Teut.j for- 
 ward ; onward, or in adv-nce, apphed to time. 
 Before another, or in advance, applied to 
 place. Abroad or out of doors, joined with 
 the verbs come or go. Out of, or beyond the 
 boundaries of a place. " Wafhed hit father's 
 fortuiiesyir/* of France." Shak, Thoroughly, 
 or from the beeinning to the end. " Hear 
 thi« nrialter forth.^'' Shak. 
 
 FO'RTHCOMING, Adj. ready to appearj 
 pot abfconding ; not lofi. " See that he be 
 farthcomlrrJ" Shak, 
 
 FORIHRI'GHT, Adv. ftrait forwards. 
 FORTHWITH, Adv. unrrediately; with- 
 out delay. 
 
 FOR'TIETH, Adj. [gefmcgoiba. Sax.] 
 the four ten'h ; or that which is next in or- 
 der alter the thiity-ninth. 
 
 FORTIFl'ABLE, Adj. that which may 
 be rendered /Ircnger by fortifications. 
 
 FORTlrlCA'TiON, S, [Fr.J an aitihew- 
 ;ng hew to render a place difficult to be taken 
 by an enemy j a place Arengthened with 
 rampartf, (S7c. in order to defend it frem the 
 attacivS of an pnemy. 
 
 FORTi'FIER, S. one who ereifls works to 
 flrengthen or defend a place ; one who fup- 
 ports, counicnancfs, fecures, or upho'ds. 
 
 To FORTIFY, V. A. [fortifer, Ft.] to 
 flrengthen a place cgainft attacks, bv walls 
 orwoiksj to cor.firm, encourage, or invigo 
 late ; to eftablun or confirm in a refo.'ution. 
 
 FO'RTiLAGE, S. a little fort or block- 
 boiTe. 
 
 FO'RTIN, S. [Fr ] a little fort raifed to 
 defend acamp. " Palifadoesyc-zi/ii." SLai. 
 
 FO'RTITUTE, S. [Fr./or/.-Wo, Lat.] the 
 aft of undertaking dangerous enierprizes with 
 calmnels and lerenlty, and puriuing;virtuous 
 defgns unfliaken by menaces, or unmoved by 
 difcouragements or tempta'ions ; bodily 
 flrenctb, or force, " jHis own iltPS fir:j- 
 tuJe." Sbai. 
 
 FO'RTNIGHT, S, [contraftfd fiom/.ftV 
 ticn iiigLiij the fpacc ol iwo weeks. 
 
 FOR 
 
 PO'RTRESS, S. [forurtp, Fr.] a rtron 
 hoid, or general /lanie tor ^11 toriified place*^ 
 whf-ther made fo by nature or riy art 
 
 FOR TU'lTOUS, Adj. [fortuit, Fr. for. 
 tuiiits, hit.\ happening wi hout the ^uidancs 
 or pioduftioB of any ra'ionjl caul'e j acci- 
 dental ; qafua!, or happtijing by chance. 
 FORTU'iTOUSLY, Adv. bv ch-nce. 
 FORTL'UOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 havir p no apparent caufe. 
 
 FO'RTUSATE, Adj. [frtuMatui, Lat.] 
 lucky ; hapjy ; fuccefsful. 
 
 FO RTUNATELY, Adv. fuccefsfully. 
 FO'RTUNATENES.S, S. the quality of 
 gaini.Tg the end of our wi(hes or adf ions. 
 
 FO'RTUNE, «). fortutia, Lat.j chance j or 
 a power fuppofcd to diftribute the lou of 
 mankind only according to caprice or hu^ 
 mour J the good or i.l which befalls a per- 
 fon ; eftjie, or poiTefiions ; the money which 
 a m;n or woman btin^^s with them on mar-r 
 riage. 
 
 FO'RTUNED, Adj. happening fuccefs- 
 fully ; fuccefsful. " The full /.y /ttW Cse- 
 f.'r." Hhak, Foretold. 
 
 FO'RTUNE-HUNTER, S. perfon wha 
 feeks alter women of great portioiib, in order 
 to enrich himl'cif by marrying one. 
 
 To FO'RTUNETELL, V. N- to pretend 
 to reveal the futuie events of a perl'on's lile. 
 " I'll conjure jou, VWfortur.etdl ■joa.''' ^bak. 
 To reveal future events. 
 
 FO'RTUNKTELjf.ER, S. one who pre- 
 tends to foretell the events which fliall happen 
 to a perfon. 
 
 FO'KUM, S. [Lat.] a public place at 
 Rom?, where lawyers and orators roa>;e their 
 fpeeches in mattets cf property, or in criminal 
 caufes. 
 
 FO'RWARD, Adv. [forward, Sax. or 
 o( fciur 2nd -wairthy Goth. J towards a place ^ 
 ftraight before a perfon j to a place which 
 froms a perfon. 
 
 FO'RWARD, Acj. warm ; willing or 
 ready to do any thing j prc;r,ature ; or ripe too 
 loon ; prelumptuous j conftcent ; in the fore- 
 parr, oppoled to beh'md. " 'Fake the inliant 
 by the/i>i:Jdrc^ top." ^bak. Quick; hallyj 
 ttlmcft finifhed ; begun ^nd far auvanced. 
 
 To FO'RWARD, V. A. to promote or 
 cuickc-n a dcfign ; to accelerate, haAen, or ad- 
 ^^ncc in growth or improvement j to encou- 
 rage, countenance, or pationize an uncier- 
 t.ikirg. 
 
 FO'RWARDER, S. he who quickens, or 
 promotes the performance of a t-Mng. 
 
 FO'RWARDLY, Adv. eagerly ; haftily ; 
 rafhly ; in a hurrv. 
 
 FO'R.WaRDNESS, S. eagernefs or readi- 
 nefs to aft ; quicknefs or readinefs to learn j 
 earllnefs, or early ripenel' ; confidence, or left 
 referve and modefty than becomes a perfon's 
 age :ir.d (dignity. 
 
 FO'R WARDS, Adv. ftraight before ; from 
 a petfon's Ucc Ja a lUai^hc hns or motion.
 
 r o u 
 
 FOSSE, S. [ffi..s, Brit, and Arm. /of (, Fr. 
 foj/'a, Lat.] in Fortification, a ditch or moat. 
 
 FO'SSIL, Adj. [foj/i/c, Fr. /#ij, Lat. 
 of Joflio, Lat. to dig] dug ftut of the earth. 
 
 FO'SSIL, S. a body formed undi r the fur- 
 face of the earth j or a body difcovered b)' 
 digging. 
 
 To FO'STER, V. A. Ifoflrian, S^x. to 
 feed y f'jjior, Sax. food] to nourifti ; to lecd 
 or cherirti with food; to nurfe or bring up a 
 young child j to pamper, encourage, tr^ii) up, 
 or educate ; to chcrifh. or forward. " Yc 
 J J^erirg breezfs-" Th'^injuu. 
 
 FO'STERAGE, S. the office or employ 
 of nurfing or brHitiog up a young child with 
 proper fnoH. " The charge and fofter/jge ot 
 this child." Raleifrf}. 
 
 FO'STER-BROTHER, S. [fi/ler-trofher, 
 Sax,] one bred up, or iiurfed by the fame 
 woman. 
 
 F0*STER-CH1LD, S. [ f^er-dU, Sax.] a 
 child nurfed by a perl'on who is not its parent. 
 
 FO'STER-DAM, S, a female beaft, who 
 fuckles and brings up the young of another. 
 " The folier-dam, loll'd ouc her fawning 
 tongue." Dryd. 
 
 FO'STER-DAME, S. a woman who nur- 
 fes or brings up another perfon's child. 
 
 FO'STER-EARTH, S. earth by which 
 a plant or other vegetable is nourifhed, in 
 which it did not grow at firft. 
 
 FO'STERER, S. a ntjrfe, or one who 
 brings up a child inilead ot its parent. 
 
 FO'STER-FATHER, S. [fujier fader, 
 Sax, J one who nurfes, or gives a chilti food 
 inftead of its fathir j the hufband of a child's 
 nurfe. 
 
 FO'STER-MOTHER, { foprmoder, Sax.] 
 a nurfe \ or woman who brings up the child 
 of another. 
 
 FO'STER-SON, S. a boy nurfed by a 
 perfon nut h'S parent. 
 
 FOU'G ADE, S. [Fr.] in War, a little mine 
 in the mnner of a well dug under fome work, 
 or fortification, charged v/ith barrels or facks 
 of gunpowder, in orJer to blow it up, and 
 covert-d with earth, 
 
 FOUL, Adj. [/:,/, Sax. Mi, Goth. /a«/, 
 Teut. ■vuy!, Belg.J dirty, fiilhy, or coverel 
 with mire, oppoled to fair^ or c/enn. Im- 
 pure, polluted j ufing indelicate, obfcene, or 
 reproachful exprefTions. " Withyb:// m )uth." 
 Soak. Unclean, wicked, or detefiable, in Scrip- 
 ture language. Not lawful or honeft j haie- 
 ful, ugly, loathfome, " I'he yiu/ witch." 
 i'buk, Difgraceiui, fiiameful. "Overthrow 
 and foul defeat." Par. LoJ}, Not bright, 
 clvudy, or temptftuous, applied to weather, 
 Mudity, thick, applied to liquors, Ufed witii 
 Ju!/, rough force, or unfeafonahle violence. 
 Amooi; Seamen, entangled j as, *' a rope it 
 Jou/ ot an anchor." 
 
 To FOUL, V. A. to daub ; to bemire. 
 
 F0U'LFACEi3, Adj. having a dirty or i)U 
 iti-^ped eauntenance. 
 
 F O IT 
 
 FOU'LLY, Adv. filthily ; naftily. 
 
 FOU'LNESS, S. the quality which excites 
 in the mind an idea of dirtinefs attended with 
 loathing; pollution; hatefnlnefs ; or atroti- 
 ouinefs of a crime; uglinefs ; or loathfome 
 deformity ; difhoneily. 
 
 To FOUND, V, A. [fondtr, Fr. fundo, 
 Lat.] to lay the bottom or foundation of any 
 builuiiig ; to eftablifh or ereft ; to give birth 
 or origin to, " He founded an art." To raife 
 upon, as on a principle or ground, applied to 
 (loftrines. To fix firm. " Founud as the 
 rock." Shak. To fet apart or give a fum of 
 money for buiHing or maintaining an hofpi- 
 tal, ('^c. 
 
 To FOUND, V, A. {fandre, Fr. fundo, 
 Lat.] to caft metals into any particular 
 form. 
 
 FOUNDATION, S. [fi„datkn, Fr.] the 
 lower pjrts, or thofe which fupport the reft 
 ot a houfe or building ; the aft of laying the 
 bafis or fupport of anything; the original, 
 or rife ; a revenue fettled and eftablifhsd 
 tor nm purpofe, particalar applied to cha- 
 rities. 
 
 FOU'NDER, S. a builder; one who erexfls 
 an e-lifice, or builds a city ; one who endows, 
 or ellablifhes a revenue for tiie fupport and 
 maintainance of any hofpita!, College, (^e. 
 one who gives rife or origin to any art or ma- 
 nufa(aure; one who forms figures of metal 
 by melting and pouring it into moulds. 
 
 To FOUNDER, Ve ^. [ fnd,e. Fr,] 
 applied «■, hofCes, to make their feet fore by 
 hard riding or working. Among Mariners, 
 to fink to the bottom. Figutatively, to tnif- 
 carry, 
 
 FOU'NDERY, S, [>-;imV, Fr.J a place 
 where melted metal is call into various 
 forms, 
 
 FOU'NDLING, S. [from/a«„^and //Vt, a 
 diminutive termination, figniiying little, ile- 
 rivud from the SaxonJ a dropt child; a child 
 cxpofed bv its parents. 
 
 FO'UNDRESS, S. a woman who builds, 
 endows, or begins any thing. 
 
 FOU'NT, or FOU'NTAIN, S. [fon^ 
 ^w.fns, Lit. funtdint, Fr. J a place whe.'e the 
 w.iters ^i a river firiV breaic out of the earth ; 
 a Itnali bafon of fpiiiigini; water ; a jet, or i 
 bjfon which has nn ariirlci.tl fpout of water ; 
 an original; firft ciiife, or firft priuciole. 
 
 FOU'NTAINLESS, Adj, without a loun- 
 tain or fprini;. '-Barren oefart, fauntjinieji 
 and drv." Milt. 
 
 FOU'NTFUL, AHj. fulUf fprings, 
 
 FOUR, Adj. [priinounred fore, formerly 
 fpelt foiur, from fenuer, Sax,j two takea 
 twice, or twire two. 
 
 FOU/RFOLD, Adj. [feozoerfca!d,SiX.] 3. 
 thins; rcp>;aicd four limes. 
 
 FOU'RSCORE, Adj. \oi fur inA fconl 
 the nuniber eifchiy. t>o;i-itt,.nies ufed elipli- 
 cally, lor eighty years, wiicn apjilicd to a 
 perlon's age. 
 
 F I 4 FO'J'il,
 
 FOURSQITARE, Adj. having four fide 
 &nd anfcltff ; pTteiftly fqu?.re. 
 
 FOU'KTEEN, Adj. \ ftcwer/yre, Sax 
 -jiurtar.. Run. fcortar, Ifl.j four and ten, oij 
 tw'ce I'ev.-n, 
 
 tOURTEE'NTH, Adj. [fioiverieotha, 
 Siix.forL'tyu, Jfl ] the fouith in rank or ordei 
 after rhe tijnth. 
 
 FOU/RTH, Adj. [/^or/^.<7, Sax.] thefirfi 
 in order after the third. 
 
 FOU'RTHLY, Adv. in the fourth place. 
 ^ FOWL, S. Ifu.'e, Scot, fugeL Sax. fug/o,, 
 Goth, fugl, Dan. and 1(1. -vog^e/jBelg- i^ogel, 
 Teur.j a winged anim.il ; <■ bird. In con 
 Vtifation, appi.ed to ihe laiter fort of bird?, 
 to diftinguifh thetn from the firaller, which 
 are called birds j but in books ilie term i' 
 applied to all the feathered race. 
 
 To FOWL, V. A. [f'lgelan, Sax.] toflioot 
 bircf for food or game. 
 
 FOWLER, S. [ft'geUre, Sax.] i perfon 
 who \'XvAut% or fiioois birds. 
 
 FOVV'LING-PJECE, S. a JJght, fmalVsun, 
 ttfed for fhouting birds. / 
 
 FOX, S. fSax. and Ifl. vos, fafitfBz\^^. 
 fvchi, Teur.j a four-footed animal of the dog 
 kind, with a large bulhy-tail, fJiarp ears, oJ 
 a rank or ftrong fmell, remarkable for its ar- 
 tifices, efpecially wheo puriucd, running very 
 fwittly, and preying upon fowls and fmall ani- 
 mals. Figuratively, a fly, cunning, or artful 
 perfon. 
 
 To FOX, V. A. to cheat, or trick. In 
 Brewing, to give liquor a ftrong difagieeable 
 tafte, generally applied to the cftcfls of hot 
 ^weather ; to make a perfon drunk or fuddled. 
 FO'X CASE, S. a fox's fkin, 
 FO'X-Gi OVES, S, the name of a plant. 
 FRA'CTION, S. [Yr.fraalo, L^t.j the 
 aft of breaking, or violating any oblif ation, 
 ior treaty ; a rent in a piece of cloth, &c. In 
 Arithmetic, a part of an'integer or whole 
 tiumbcr. A compcuTid fraBirn may be more or 
 lefs than an integer, or whole thing, and it 
 always expreffed by two o; more quantities 
 with the word c/" between ihem. 
 
 FRACTIONAL, Adj. belonging to a 
 fraftion^or broken numbeV. 
 
 FR.VCTIOUS, Aoj. [Lat.]peevifli5 quar. 
 Velfome. 
 
 FR AC'TIOUSNESS, S. peevi/hnefs, or a 
 yi'pofition of mind which renders a perfon 
 Untafy At trifles, 
 
 FR A'CTURE, S. [fraaura, Lat.] a difTo- 
 iLtion, or breakir.^ of the parts of a fchc thine 
 from each other. In Suigery, the breaking 
 or leparation of a bone by fome accidental 
 violence. 
 
 To FRA'CTURE, V. a. to breck a bone. 
 
 tRA-'GILE, Adj. ["tt.fragil:,, Lat.J b.il- 
 
 tV, or eafily broken. Figuratively, weak j 
 
 V'pte.tain j eufily aeftroyed. " Fnigi/e arms." 
 
 FRAGI'LITY, S, eafmefs of being bro- 
 ken. Fi^.uiatively, wvaitnefs j Or the qaalitj' 
 ©f beiiJg «af ly ddlroyed. 
 
 f R A 
 
 FRA'CMENT, S. [fragmentum, Ljt.^ 4 
 broken or imperfeft piece, or pait. 
 
 FRA'OMENTARY, Adj. compofed of 
 fragments, or broken pieces. " What frag- 
 n-.cr.tary, rubbiih this wrjrld is." Donne, Not 
 ^nuc!i in ul'e. 
 
 FRA'GRANCE, or FRA'GRANCY, S. 
 [ftagrant'ia, Lat.] fweetnefs of fmell ; an 
 agreeable Icent or pleafing odour. 
 
 FRA'GRANT, Adj. [fragram, Lat.] 
 odorous J fmelling fweet. 
 
 FRA'GRANTLY,Adv.withafweetrirell. 
 FRAIL, S. [f>ag!i,li3\.'] a ba/ket made 
 .of riilhes j a rufh lor ma.king ba/kets. 
 
 FRAIL, Adj. [fragi/is, Lat,] weak ; ea- 
 fily (kca)ii!g ; fubjett to faults or foibles ; ea- 
 fiiy dtftroyed ; liable to error or to be :educcd ; 
 weak of refolution. 
 
 FRA'ILNESS, S. weaknefs, or liablenefs 
 to decay, applied to the tex'ure of bodies, Li- 
 ableneis to error, or fault applied to the niinj. 
 FRA'ILTY, S: f/ra,//;«, plural] ue»k- 
 nefs of refolutioa j infirmity ; liablenefs to 
 decay ; liablcntfsto be deceived or todu amils; 
 a fault proceeding from the weaknefs and in- 
 .'irm;iy of ourreafon, and the condition of our 
 nature. * 
 
 FRAICHEU'R, S, [Fr.] fre/hnefs ; re- 
 frefhing coolnefs. «' To tafte the /raict.-ur 
 or the pure air." DiyJ, 
 
 To FRAME, V, A, [fremman, Sax.] to 
 (hr:pe or form things fo that they may match 
 each other, or be eafiiy put together ; to re- 
 gulate J to adjuft ; to form to any rule ; to 
 compofe by means of the imagination ; to. 
 plan i to ijjvent, in a bad ktie. <' To frutrs 
 a tlory or lye," 
 
 FRAME, S. any thing formed of various 
 parts or members 5 the fupports of a chair; 
 any thing made fo as to inclofe, admit, or hoM 
 together fomething elfe ; order; regulaiiiy ; 
 methodical difpofition of parts. " Still a 
 repaiiing, ever out oi frame." Shak. Shai.t- j 
 contrivance ; prcjefliun ; fcheme, or plan. 
 
 FRA'iVJER, S. a maker ; a contriver ; one 
 who compofes or makes a thing confifling of 
 various parts. 
 
 FRA'MPGLD, or FRAMPUL, .Ad . pec 
 V:fh ; crofs-grained ; quarrelfome, '■ Si e 
 leads a very /r^w/)oW life with him." Sbuk. 
 "The frampul miti could not be pacified," 
 Haciet. 
 
 FRANCE, S, Gallia in general, a large 
 kii;gdom of Europe, very advantageonflyutu..!- 
 ed in the middle of the temperate zoi.o. It 
 owes its preient name of France t'l the 
 Franks, wlio came from Germany into Ga';l, 
 the latter fo called from the Gaili or C'I'.a;, 
 who in the fifth century pofleded themfelves 
 of this country from the Rhine to the moulh 
 of the Loire. France at prefe-it lies between 
 lat. 43 and 51 deg, N, The Royal Academy 
 make it 31 deg. of longitude, na.-ncly, frcnn 
 the txtiemity of- Britany near Ulhaut, th.t 
 is, from Conqiict, which lies five degrees W.. 
 
 'of
 
 ^R A 
 
 c* London, to Strasburgh in Alface, which is 
 about eii;iit ae^rtres E. of Lojidon. So th 
 is length from the Pyrenean mountains in 
 the S. to Dunkirk in the N. is^ eight degrees 
 and a half, or 170 leagues, i.e. 510 miJes, 
 reckoning fixty miies to a degree ot longitude: 
 and in breadth, tVom the uttermolt point in 
 Br'r.Uny to Strasburgh above-mentioned, about 
 a.95 miles : but its breadth decreafes confi - 
 derably going trcm Breft to the S. and N. On 
 the It. it is feparated frorrt England by the 
 Briiifh channel ) on the N. E. it confines on 
 the Spanish, now Auflrian Netherlands ; on 
 the E. it is bounded by Germany, Switzer- 
 land, Savoy, and Piedmont, in Italy j from 
 the laft of which it is feparated by the Alps j 
 on the S. it has the Mediteranncan fea, and 
 alfo the Pyrencn mouritains, which divicie 
 :: from Spa-n ; and on the W. it is wa/lied 
 by the Weftern or Atlantic ocean. 'Thi? is a 
 very plt-afant country, through which run fe- 
 y»ral fine rivers' that render it very fruitful. 
 The principal of thefe, which are alfo navi- 
 gabl-:, are the Seine, the Loire, the Garon- 
 ne, and the Rhone, &c. It abounds in corn, 
 fruit, wine, oil, cattle, tame and wild fowl, 
 hemp, and flax. The fea-coafls yield abun- 
 - dance of fifli, and fa!tfufiicient for fiiem ard 
 the'r neighbours, principally made at the ifle 
 of Rl;e, Rochfort, and thb coaft of Saintonge, 
 Here are likewife mines of lead, iron and 
 copper, and fome of gold and filver ; but thefc 
 Jad are not worked. The principal cjmmo- 
 ditifj which France exports are wine, bundy. 
 fine and other linen, canvas, pap^'r. fjit, 
 wrought filks, drugget?, and other ftniTs ; fe- 
 v-.ral urought go-jds, as gloves, laces of all 
 kind', &c. The ancient language of the 
 Gauls was the fame with that of our ancient 
 Britons : Ths prefent language is voluble, 
 and vrrV much r-fined by t!)e royl Acideiny 
 snd the modern French writers. The num- 
 ber of inhatiitjnts in France was formerly 
 reckoned at 19,000,000 : but being greatly 
 diminifheJ thro' perfecution for religion, the 
 ravages of war, &c. it hardly rifes now to 
 15,000,000. Their manufactures are cor.fi- 
 derablc, and their foreign trade alfo, France 
 was divided, not many ages ago, into twelve 
 P'oviiiCps, svlth a parliament to each, with- 
 out whofe coofent no law for levying of mo- 
 ney could pafs, till the cardinil Richlieu and 
 h'n-iann, fucceiTors to each other in the mi- 
 niiirjr, made tne kings of France abfolute. 
 The religion of this country publicly tole- 
 rsred [ A nee the revocation of the edft of 
 Nsntz for the Calvinllis or Reforms-", in 
 16S3J is the Roman Cath lie : but theyleem 
 lei's c'cvoted to thc-pope than o;her nation^ 
 of that comm'inion. With regard to the 
 ecclefiaf.ical government of France, it is di- 
 vided into eighteen archblflioprics ; namely, 
 Lyons, primate of Giul; Sens alfo flilcs 
 him.'cif pri;Tijte of the Gauh j Paris. Rheims, 
 Rouen, Tours Ucurge^, Alby, Bjurdeaux, 
 6 
 
 F il A 
 
 Aiich, Touloufe, Narbonne, Aries, A.w it* 
 Provence, Vienne in D.uphiny, Ambrun, 
 tSclanson, and Cambray,befiof s 109 biihoprics, 
 tneir refpedivcs fufFraga.,ts, fixteen he.dsof 
 rehgiouj orders, with a.i infinite number of 
 monks and nufiS, &c. all of them together 
 conftituf.ng the mofl confiderable of the three 
 oiders into which the French nation is di- 
 vided. 
 
 FRA'NCHISE, S. [Fr.] exemption, orex- 
 cu!e from any burthenfomi outy ; a privilege, 
 or immunity ; a diftridl, or the extent of j^u- 
 nldirtion. Fiancbije Rcyak, in Law, a pike* 
 where the kind's writ runs not. 
 
 To FRA'NCHISE, V. A. t« make orkeei* 
 free. 
 
 FRA'NGIBLE,Ac!j.biittle 3 eafily broken, 
 FR.'iNiC, Adj. [fra-,c, fr.J liberal; gene- 
 rous, oppoleJ to ,i!^ga!yily. Open and free, 
 oppolecj to referred. Wimout reftraint or 
 conditions. 
 
 FRANK, S. a place to feed hogs in ; a fty, 
 fo called from the proluiioii of food ; a cafe of 
 a- letter figntd by a member of parliament. 
 
 To FRANK, V. N, to /hut up in a fty. 
 In Commerce, to exempt letters from paying 
 poftage, a privilege given every member of 
 pailiameat, who figns the iuperfcnption with 
 his own name. 
 
 FRA'NKINCENSE, S, a dry refinous, 
 inflammable lubftance, in pieces or drops, of 
 a pale yeliowifh or white colour, a flrong but 
 not oli'snlive fmell, and a bitter, acrid, and 
 refinous tafte : ufed in medicine in difordera 
 of the bread, and in diarrh^sjs, or dyfentcvies. 
 FKA'NKLV, Adv. geheroully; freely j 
 witliout cooftraint or rcferve. 
 
 FRA'NKNESS, S. plainefs ; opennefs or 
 ingenuoufneis of fpeech, cppofed to rehrve. 
 Liberality, or bounteoufnefs, applied to giving. 
 FRANK'PLEDGE, S. [from franc, Fr. 
 tree, and fklgi, a bail O*. furetyj a pledge or 
 furety for a tieeman, 
 
 FRA'NTIC, Adj. [corrupted fioni ^bren- 
 tic, ot <f>fEV);1ix(g>j, Gr. j mad ; deprived of the 
 ufe of u/.deidanding bymidnefs. Figuratively 
 iraiifported by an outrageous violence of paf- 
 fion. 
 
 FRA'NTiCLY, or FRANTICKLY, Adv. 
 madly ; like one who has loft the ufe of his 
 leafon, 
 
 FRA'NTICNESS,orFRA'NTICKNESS, 
 S. madnefs. Figuratively, outragcoufnefs of 
 paffion. 
 
 FRA'TERNAL, Ai].[fraUrnel, Fr. of 
 fialernus Lat.J brotherly ; pertaining to, or 
 beco-Tiing, brother?. 
 
 FRATE'RNALLY, Adv. brotherly ; like 
 brothers. 
 
 FRATE/RNITY, S. {fraUmUe, ?t fr,a- 
 itrnlttis, Lit. j the ftjte or quality of a br(r- 
 rher ; a body of msn united or incorporated. 
 
 FRATRICIDE, S. [ Fr. fratrkldium. 
 La'.] th<: murder of a brother. 
 FRAUD, S. [ fraude, Fr. fraus fraudh, 
 
 Lat.J
 
 F R E 
 
 Lat.J the pra£lice of deceit in order to deprive ' 
 another of his property ; the aft of impofing 
 en a pcrfon by artrul appearance j a flratagetn. 
 Bitihwe, or irick. 
 
 FRaU'DFUL, Adj, treacherous; deceit, 
 ful i tncl^illa • fubile. " He lull oifraui^fu! 
 »ris." D'yd. 
 
 FH AU'DULENCE,or FR AU'DULENCY, 
 S. [fi-audultKtta, Lat.J deceitfulnefs ; prone- 
 Bcfs to arufjce and dilhoneft pra&ices. 
 
 FRAU'DULENT, Adj. [frauduUux, Fr. 
 Jj-ttudukr.tuiy Lat.] tull of artihce ; diihoneft ; 
 indiiedt ; iiripofint; on by fpecious and falle 
 pretences j treacherous. 
 
 FRAU'DULtNTLY, Adv. Jn a deceitful, 
 trjckifh, and oi.'honeft manner. 
 
 FRAUGHT,Participleot Freight; fullj 
 loaded. " A vclfel xvM'^ fraught ^ Hbak. 
 
 FRAIPGHT, S. a freight, or cargo. " A 
 ioubly roy,)iy"<dii^Z)/," Dryd. 
 
 To FRAUGHT, V. A. to freight, ioad, 
 cr croud. " Thou fraught the court — with 
 thy unworthi(;efs." ^huk. 
 
 FRAY, S. a battle j a broil ; a fight ; a 
 duel. 
 
 To FRAY, V. A. [ effrayer, Fr.] to fright 
 or terrify ; to rub, or wear out by rubbing, 
 from frayer, Fr. 
 
 FREAK, [frtsc, Sax. fugitive, whence 
 fraclice, dangerous, znifracsderfii, a danger, 
 frtck, Teut. faucy, petulant] a fudden and 
 whimficai thange of place ; a whim, or a ca- 
 pricious, trilling, and mad prank or adtion, 
 
 FRE'aKISHLY, Adv. in a wanton, hu- 
 morous, capricious, or whimf;cal manner, 
 
 FRE'AKISHNESS, S. capricioufnefs, or a 
 madnefs or boyifli wantonnefs of behaviour. 
 
 FRE'CKLE, S. [fngne, Dan.f/eckur, Ifl. 
 JTtcaeJ, old Eng. hewce. feckle, ot freck'c'] a 
 I'pot raifed in the fkin by the hejt of the fun's 
 tjys ; any fmall Ipot or difcolouring, 
 
 FRECKLED, Aoj. having f(.ots on the 
 Ikln, occafioned by the heat of the fun ; fpotted. 
 FREE, Aaj. [feuh, fno. Sax. fni, Dan. 
 vr'ii, Belg. frey, 1 cut. J at liberty, under no 
 conllraint, llavery, impiilonmeni, or necef- 
 fiiy ; open ; ingenuous ; exprelTing one's An- 
 timents without refcrve ; (lenerous, or libe- 
 ral ; voluntary. '■ His _//£<; ofiers." Bac. 
 Guiltlefs ; innocent. " Make mad thc^ 
 guilty, and appal vhefrft." Sbai. Exempt, 
 uied with from or <f. Invefted with privi- 
 leges J pollcfTirjg anv thing without va/lahge; 
 admitted to the privileges of a corporation. 
 *' A fretman^'' Sbak. Without charge : 
 hence a fret-jchool, i. t. a fthool where chil- 
 dren are (aught without cxperite or charge to 
 their parents. 
 
 To 1-RfcE, V. A. to fet at liberty, or de- 
 liter from llavery ; lo exempt. 
 
 FREEBOO'TER, S. a robber, pillager, or 
 plunderer. 
 
 FREEBOO'TING, S. a robbery ; plun- 
 dering j the adl of pillaging. 
 
 F R E 
 
 FREE'SORN, Adj. born under a free go- 
 verrment, oppoied to af^'vt. 
 
 FREE'-CH.^rEI. S. a chapel founded by 
 a liing. or one exempted by him from the 
 jurifdiftion of the ordinary. 
 
 FREE'COST, S. freedom from expence. 
 
 FRLE'DOM, S. an exemption from lla- 
 very or re-^raiiit ; independence ; a ftate 
 wherein a perfon has a power of acting as he 
 pleafds j ihe privilrge of a corporation ; *ran- 
 cliifcs. Eafe or facility, applied to motion, 
 adlion, or fpeaking. 
 
 FREE'-FOOTED, Adj. without fetters, or 
 any thing to hinder a pcrlon in v/alking. 
 
 FREE-HEARTED, Adj. liberal ; gene- 
 rous; giving money in large quantities j un- 
 conllraineil ; voluntary. 
 
 FREE-HOLD, S. a free eftate which a 
 man holdeth in fee, or fee-tail, or for term of 
 life. 
 
 FREE'HOLDER, S. one who has a free- 
 hold. 
 
 FREE'LY, Adv. at libejty ; without re- 
 ftraint, dependance, relerve, fcruple, com- 
 pulfion or neceflity ; liberally. 
 
 FREE'MAN, S. one who is neither a flave 
 or vaflal Lo another ; a member of a commu- 
 nity or corporation, entitled to, and enjoying 
 its privileges. 
 
 FREE'-MINDED, Adj. having a mind 
 not burthencd with care, or depreffed with 
 forrow. 
 
 FREE'NESS, S. veid of conflraint, or im- 
 pediment ; opennefs of behaviour ; genero- 
 lity, or liberality. 
 
 FREE'-SCHOOL, S. a fchool wherein 
 children are taught without expence to their 
 parents, or relations. See FREE. 
 
 FREE'- SPOKEN, Adj. accuftomed to 
 fpeak without rclctve. 
 
 FREE'STONE, S. a kind of flone com- 
 monly uled in builjing, and lo called, becaufe 
 it ir.ay be wrought or cut eafily or ireely in 
 any direction. 
 
 FREETHINKER, S. a perfon who is rot 
 biali'ed by any prejudice: a term too impro- 
 perly allumed, and given only to thofe per- 
 fons who deny Revelation, or the Chriflian 
 relijiion. 
 
 IREE'VVILL, S. the power of direding 
 our own atlions ; volumannefs. 
 
 FREEwO'MAN. S. a woman born and 
 livii g under a free government. 
 
 To FREEZE, V. N. [pretcr/v-x? ; fys^ 
 Ifl. ^r&. fiatii, fryjon. Sax. a/iujcti, Bclg, 
 fneren, Teut. J to grow hard by excels of cold j 
 to be of that degiee of cold by which water 
 congeals. Aftively, the particijde '\sfroxen or 
 froze ; to harden Dy cold ; to chill by lols of 
 power or mo'.ion. 
 
 To FREl'GHT, V. A. [prefer freighud, 
 part, fiaught, but being ufed as an jdjeitive, 
 freighitd is fubflituted for i: ; frachtcn, Teut. 
 ■vraJAen, Lt\^. fritter, Fr.j tu fut goods or a 
 
 car&a
 
 F R E 
 
 cargo on toard a fhip ; to load as the burthen, 
 *r the Cargo within a vefTcil. 
 
 FREIGHT, S. any thing with which a 
 fhip is loaded ; the money paid for the carri- 
 i^e of goods in a fliip or veflel. 
 
 FRENCH. Adj. lfra?ic, ¥1. franco, Ital.] 
 belonging to France. Ufed eiliptically for the 
 lanjuigs 'prken by the inhabitants of France. 
 To FRENCHl'f y, V. A. to infe£l with 
 the pronunciation or airs o( a Frenchman ; 
 generally ufcd in a cor.teniptuou; fenfe, and in- 
 cluding the idea of affsiled ceremonlouinefs, 
 and excels of politeneis. 
 
 FRENE'TIC, Adj. [fnneti^ue,?!.] See 
 PHREN'-.TIC. - 
 
 FREN'ZY, S. l<^tKris, Gr.] madnefs ; 
 the lofs of re?l'on attended with raving j any 
 outrageous paffion bordering on, and reftrri- 
 bling madneis. 
 
 FRE'QUENCE, S. [Fr. frejver.tia, Lat.J 
 a concourfe, crowd, or afl'embJy.' Seldo.nn ufei). 
 *« He, in full frequence bright — of angels." 
 Far Loft. 
 
 FRE'QUENCY, S, \Yx. f>equent\a, Lat.] 
 the condition of a thing oft^n done or feen ; 
 a crouded airembly, " Who of futh a fre- 
 quercy faluted thee ?" Johrjon. 
 
 FRE'QUENT, Adj. [Fr. frequem, Lat.] 
 often done, feen, occuring, or praclifing. 
 
 ToFREQUZ'NT, V. A. \_frequevter,Yx. 
 Jrequcnto, Lat.] to vifit often j to be Oi'ten in 
 any pUce. 
 
 FREQUE'NTER, S. one who reforts often 
 to a place. 
 
 FRE'QUENTLY, Adv. often ; comtnonly. 
 FRES'CO, S. '[ItaJ.J coohiefs; Owdc ; 
 duflcinefs. In Painting, a picture painted with 
 water colours on frefh pl.i.iler, 
 
 FRESH, Adj. [f,a:che, Fr.] cool ; not 
 ftagnating. Not four, or va;)id, applied to li- 
 quors. Lately or newly produced or made j 
 not fait ; not Indcd ; vigorous ; ruddy of coun- 
 tenance. Bf'fk, applied to a gale of wind. 
 Sweet, oppoled to itioking. 
 
 FRsr.SH, S. water that is without fait. 
 *• Where the quicky^ey2)« are." iibak. 
 
 To FRE'SHEN, V. A. to recover a thing 
 which is grown ftale j 10 cherilh or revive. 
 Neutcily, to blow flron^ly. " A frejhening 
 breeze." Pope, To free from its falls, 
 
 FRE'SHLY, Adv. cooly ; newly j with 
 a ruddy countenance. 
 
 FRE'SHNESS, S. newnefs ; umbated vi- 
 gour. Spirit, or !)rifknels, applied to liquors. 
 1 reedom from tatijiue ; coolncfs ; ruddincfa 5 
 Ireedom from ftltne's. 
 
 ¥?.'lT, S, \f,,:um, Lat.] a frith, or 
 ftreight of th« (<ti ; any fetmentacion or agi- 
 tation of liquois. Li Mufic, a itop to re- 
 gulate the vibrations cf the firings. Anxiety 
 of mind } peevifhnefb or commotion of the 
 temper. In Architedture, worli rifing ii 
 protuberances or relief. In Heraldry, a bear 
 5ng confifting of fix bars, crofled and in.cr- 1 pcrfoii. 
 lated. ' * 
 
 rPv I 
 
 To FRET, V. A. to wear by rubbing a* 
 gainft J to move vidlently ; to corrode or eat 
 away ; to form into raifed work or relievo ; to 
 vex or make angry ; to be grieved or uneafy j 
 to ferment. 
 
 FRET'FUL, Adj. peevi/h. 
 FRET'i-ULLY, Adv. in a peevifli man- 
 ner. 
 
 FRET'FULNESS, S, peevilhnefs. 
 Fl'.ET'TY, Adj. adorned with ra;fe4 
 work. 
 
 FRIARI'LITY, S. [from /r.vi.'e, a capa- 
 city of being reduced tp powder. 
 
 FRI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr. frlJUh, Lat.] 
 eafily crumbled, or reduced to powder. 
 
 FRI'aR, [a corruption oi fnre, Fr.] a 
 brother of fome regular order ; a religious ia 
 the Roman Catholic countries. 
 FRI'ARLY, Acj. like a friar. 
 FRI'ARY, S. a convent of friars. 
 FRIB'BLE, or FRIB'BLER, S. an eifeml- 
 nate coxcomb. 
 
 FRICASSE'E, S. a difh confiding of meat 
 cut in:o fmall pieces and fried. 
 
 FRICATION, S. Ste FRICTION. 
 FRiC^TiON, S. Ifrirtw, Lac] the aft 
 of rub ling two things together 3 the refift- 
 ance caiilcd in machines, by the rubbing of 
 one part againvl another. 
 
 FRI'DaY, S. [/rj^eAiB', Sax. fuppofed to 
 be the Venusof the ancient Saxons] thefixth 
 dav of the week. 
 
 FRI'END, S. one who is joined to another 
 in mutu.,1 benevolenceand intimacy, oppofed 
 to an enemy. 
 
 To FR'IEND, V, A. to fhew favour to- 
 wards a perfon or undertaking ; to counten- 
 ance, encourage, or fupport. 
 
 FRIE'NDLESS, Adj. [firondUaJe, Sax.] 
 having no friends ; without hopes, affiftancc, 
 or countenance. 
 
 FRIE'NDLINESS, S. a difpofition towardi 
 friendftiip ; the exertion of benevolence, or 
 performance of kind offices. 
 
 FRIE'NDLY, Adj. kind; difpofed to do 
 a6ts of kind net's and afteftion ; having the 
 temper and difpofition of a fr'.end. 
 
 FRIE'NDLY, Adv. in a kind, affeaionate, 
 and benevolent manner. 
 
 FRIE'NDSKIP, S. the Hate of minds 
 united together by mutual benevolence ; the 
 highert decree of intimacy ; favour or petfonal 
 kindnefs. 
 
 FRIEZE, S. [,!ra/> de frkze, Fr. frifa. 
 Span.] a coarle waim cloth, maae, perhaps, 
 originally in Friefiand. In Architecture, a 
 large flat rnembrT, which feparales the archi- 
 trave Irom the cornice. 
 
 FRPGATE, S. [fresnte, Fr. fregatj. 
 Pal.] a fmall man of war. 
 
 To FRIGHT, V. A. \fr]ghtcin, Sax./ryf- 
 ter, Dan.] to dilturb, fhock, or daunt with 
 fear ; to raife appiehciifioi.s of danger in 4 
 
 FRIGHT,
 
 F R 1 
 
 rklCHT, S. a fudden emotion caufed by' 
 an rpprcherfion of danger. 
 
 ToFIirCHTEN, V. A. to (T:ock or di- 
 florb wi:h an apprehenfion of danger. 
 
 FRI'dlTt UL, Adj. caufing fear j excit- 
 ing terror. 
 
 FRl'GHTFULLY, Adv. in furh a man- 
 -Ber as to difturb with an apprehenfion of 
 danger. 
 
 FRl'GHTFULNESS, S. the quality of 
 daunting with an appiehenfion of danger. 
 
 FRI'GID, Adj. [frigidu!, Lat. ] cold, 
 wanting zeal, or warmth of affection; dull ; 
 impotent. 
 
 FRiGI'DIT'Y, S. {fr'igiiiitas, Lat.] cold 
 »efs j or want of warinch ; dulnefs, or want. 
 of the embeUiflin-'tnts ot rhetoric, or the 
 war.Tith o' imagination, 
 
 FRI'GIDLY, Adv. in a cold, dull, indif- 
 ferent, or unaffefting manner. 
 
 FRI'GIDNESS, S. coidnefs ; dulnefs j 
 want uf afrsJtion. 
 
 FRIGORKFIC, Adj. [frigor, and/jdo, 
 Lat. Caufing cold. 
 
 FRILL, S. a narrow border of lace, cam- 
 brick, or other linen, fewed on the neck of a 
 woman'^s fhift, oi t^n the bofom and flils ot 
 the fleeves of a man's fhirt. 
 
 FRINGE, S. [frangs, Fr.] an ornament 
 confiding of threads, which are faftcncd at 
 one end by weaving, but hang down lo;)fe at 
 the other. 
 
 To FRINGE, V. A. to adorn with fiin- 
 pe9 i to unravel any woven Huff, fo as to re- 
 lemHle i frinse. 
 
 FRLPTEkER,S. [f-'tpp'ter, Fr.Jonewho 
 deals in old things vamped up. 
 
 FRIP'PERY, S. {frifpe.ie, Fr. f.ippcria, 
 Ital.J the place where oid cioaths or other le- 
 cond-hand goods are fold ; old cioaths j cafl 
 dreffts ; tattered rag5, or other lumber. 
 
 To FRISK, V. N. \ fri&X^' e,\li\. frifque, 
 
 Fr.J to leap or fkip about with nimblencis j 
 to dance in a wanton or gay manntr. 
 
 FRISK, S. a frolic j a fit of wanton 
 gaiety, 
 
 FRISK'ER, S. a wanton, or frolickfome 
 perfon ; one too gay to be coodant or fettled. 
 
 FRISKI'NESS, S, gjiety 5 livelinefs : a 
 low word. 
 
 FjRIT, S. among Chemifts, afhes or fdit 
 bilked or fried together with fand. 
 
 FRITH, S. [/'Wfi-, Brit.] a ftreight of 
 the fca ; a net. 
 
 FRITIL'LARY, S, [/Wri&iV, Fr,] in Bo- 
 tany, the name of a pl..nt. In Natural Hif- 
 tory, the name of a moth, which feeds on 
 the ohnt of the fame name. 
 
 FRI'TINANCY, S, [fiifinnio, low Lat,] 
 the fcream or fcreaking of an infedl. applied to 
 that of the cricket or grafshupper. " The 
 DO'e or fritinaiicy theieof." Eroton. 
 
 FRITTER, S. [fnture. Fr.J a final) 
 pancake, or piece fried. Figur»tiv> ly, a frag- 
 ment or ftnull piece j a chcefccake or wigg. 
 
 -FRO 
 
 To FRIT/TER, V. A. to cut treat Int» 
 fmall pieics to be fried } to break into fmail 
 pitces or fragments, 
 
 FRI'VOLOUS, Adj. [fri-voJus, Lat. fri- 
 fok, Fr.J trifling j of no importance or mo- 
 ment, 
 
 FRIVO'LOUSNESS, S. wantof weight or 
 importance. 
 
 To FRIZZLE, V. A. [fr}fer,Tr.'] to turn 
 hair in ftiort or fniall rings like the wool on a 
 lamb'i head, or the nap of frieze. " Wiih 
 f,!xzrr^ hair." Par. Loji. 
 
 FRIZ'ZLER, S. one who drefTes hair in 
 (hort curls. 
 
 FROCK, S. [froc, Fr.] a clofe and un- 
 trimmed coat for men ; a clofe gown worn by 
 children, 
 
 FROG, S, [foe, frofcb, Teut.] a fmall 
 animal, with four feet, living both on land 
 and in wat»r, 
 
 FROISE, S, Ifroiffer, Fr.] a pancake with 
 bacon fried in it. 
 
 FRO'LICK, Adj. [iiroJkk, Be\^. /,oIich, 
 Teut. of fioh, Eelg,] joyfulj gay 5 full of 
 levity or wanton pranks, 
 
 FRO'LICK, "S. a fally of gaiety and lev- 
 ity. 
 
 To FRO'LICK, V. N, to divert one's fclf 
 with fallies of glicty j to play wild, wanton, 
 and merry pranks. 
 
 FRO'LICKSOME, Adj. full of wild 
 gaiety. 
 
 FRO'LICKSOMENESS, S. wildncfs of 
 gairty ; wanton gaisty ; pranks. 
 
 FROM, Prep. [from. Goth. Sax. and Scot. 
 fra, Dan, j away ; out 'of, noting place. 
 Separation, applied to abfence, dift.ince, or 
 deliverance. Since, applied to time. Con- 
 traiy, or foreign, applied to relation. " Trcm 
 the purpofe," Sbak, Removal or motion. 
 " Thr\ci f I o)n the ground flie leaped." Dryd. 
 It is frequently joined by an eliipfis with .id- 
 verbs, as, from a'^ofe, i. e. from the part 
 .ibnve J from behiu \fiotn htneath ; fom te-r 
 hind ; fom fur ; fcj.t height ; fom where ; 
 from 'zvithont.Whe.n joinei iolhence or "whence, 
 it is fup'rflucus. And it is fometimts followed 
 by the fubfequent prepofitions with their pro- 
 per caff?, w'lz. frcm amidj'l,beyo!id, forth, cff,outf 
 out cf. under, and tuiihin. 
 
 FRONT, S, [proi)ounced//u>i?;/'-o«f, Fr. 
 fions,fon!h, Lat.j the forepart of the face, or 
 fotehcad. Figuratively, the face, countenance, 
 or look ; the part or pi.^ce oppofite to the face; 
 the forepart ; the vn of an army ; the moft 
 confpicuous part ; the bef.!nning. 
 
 To FRONT, V, A, to oppcfe dire^ly, or 
 face to face j to (land oppofite or over-againlt 
 awv pLce or thing ; to covt-r the forepart of a 
 building with any materials, ''The hi^ufe 
 tin fronted with ftone," Neutetly, to ftand 
 fo'emi ft. 
 
 FRO'NTAL, [Fr,] an ornament worn 
 on the fiirthead. In Architedure, a imaii 
 pediment over a lililc door. 
 ^ FRON-
 
 FRO 
 
 FRONTATED, Adj. [frons, Lat.] in Bo- 
 tany, applied to a petal which grows broader 
 and broader, and fotnstimes termiiwtes lii a 
 : ;ght line. 
 
 FRO'NTlltR, S. [frontii'-e, Fr.] the 
 rnarche, utmoft limits, or .boundaiies of a 
 country, by which it is feparated from the 
 next adjoinino one. 
 
 FRO'N riER, Adj. bordering ; adj cent. 
 " Where rifing feats infuk the front'ur 
 'ounds." j4iUif. 
 
 FRO'NTISPi'ECE, S. [f,ontifphce, Fr.] 
 that part of a building or oti,cr thing which 
 diieftly meets the eye j a cut or pitSure front- 
 ing the title papa of a book. 
 
 FRCNTLESS, Adj. without blufhes, 
 ftame, or diffidence. 
 
 FRO'NTLET, S. a bandage worn oh the 
 forehead. 
 
 FRORE, Adj. [hir-vcren, Belg.] frozen 
 *• The parching air — burns frore, and colj 
 performs the effedt of fire." P-ir, Loft. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 FROST, S. [frofl, Sax. in. and Dan. of 
 fryjan, Sax. ana frySy Ifl. to freeze, ^'n^/?, 
 Bdg./'-c/?;^-, Teut.J an exceffive cold ftate of 
 the weather whereby the motion and fluidity 
 of liquors are fufpended ; or that ftate of the 
 air wherebv fluids are converted into ice. 
 
 FROSTBI'TTEN, Adj. nipped or wither- 
 ed by f.-oft. 
 
 FRO'STED, Adj. laid on, or appearing in 
 inequah'ties, lik^; thofe of hoar-froft on plants. 
 
 FRO'STILY, Adv. after the manner of 
 frofi: ; with exceffive cold. Figuritively, with 
 ind fference or coldnefs of affeftion. ' ' Then 
 praife hfmjiih" Ben. yonfin. 
 
 FRC'STINESS, S. the''quality of appear- 
 ing like ;roft ; cold, or freezing cold. 
 
 FRO/STY, Adj. having the power of 
 freezing; exceffive cold. Fip (irativeiy, indif- 
 ference, or without warmth of afiedlion, " A 
 froflcd fpirited ropue." Shak. Hoary j grey- 
 headed ; refem bling froft in colour. " The 
 frofly head." Shak. 
 
 FROTH, S. \frre, Dan. and Swed./rdai^, 
 Djn. of Frtur, Dan. to frcthl ihc whit': 
 bubbles raifed on the top of f' r nenting liquor; 
 an empty or fenfclefs difplay of wit j wanting 
 fol'dity. 
 
 To- FROTH, V. N. to be covered with 
 light andwhitifh bubbles, applied to ferment- 
 ing liquor ; to make liquors appear with a 
 wiiitifh head or furfjce. 
 
 FRO'THILY, Adv. having a white head 
 or Surface, applied to liquors. Figuratively, 
 in an empty, vain, and trifling manner. 
 
 FROTHY, Adj. full of faam, or having 
 its furface covered wiih white bulibles ; foft, 
 "Their bodi. s are fo folid — you need not 
 fear bathing (hoi, Id make them/ro.'ty." Bac. 
 Vain, oftentatiou?, and emp'y. 
 
 To FROUNCE, V. A. fpcrbaps from 
 Jl>urce} to ffi?zle, or cttrl the hjir atouc ihe 
 
 F R ^T 
 
 <f»ce. " Not trick'd and frounced as (he w** 
 'wont." MUton. 
 
 FROU'SY, Adj. [a cant word] ditnj 
 mufty ; of a nafty and difagreeable f-ent. 
 
 FRO'VVARD, Adj. [from-weard, Sax,] 
 peevilh 5 freifnl ; crofs j ungovernable j not 
 t-afiiy pleafed ; perverfe. 
 
 FRO'WARD, Adv. peevlfhly j perverfcly. 
 
 FROW'ER, S. a cleaving to'>l " A/row- 
 er of iron for cleaving of lath." Tujf. 
 ^ To FROWN, V. A. [frsgncr, otfronftr, 
 Fr. according to Skinner] to exprefs difplea- 
 iure by contrarting the forehead in'.o wrin- 
 kles ; to look ftern. 
 
 FROWN, S. a look wherein a p rfon knits 
 his eye-brows, and contradts his ioishead into 
 wrinkles, in token of difpleafure. 
 
 FROW'NINGLY, Adv. See [FROWN] 
 in a ftern manner j with a lock of difplea- 
 fure. 
 
 F. R. S. an abbreviarure for Felloio of the 
 Roya! Society. 
 
 To FR.UCT1/FY, V. A. [fn,f?ifer, Fr.] 
 to make I'rtiirtuI 5 to caufe or enable to pro- 
 duce fruit. Neuterly, to bear fruit. 
 
 FRUCTI'FIpATION, S. thea^ofcauf- 
 ing, or of bearing fruit J the act of taking 
 away barrennefs j the power of producing 
 fruit. 
 
 FRUCTU'OUS, Adj. [fruffueux, Fr,] 
 making fruitful^ enabling to pioduce. 
 
 FRU'GAL, Adj. [Fr. fr^^galh, Lat.] 
 thrifty j fpannj; not fpending in a prodigal 
 manner ; not \avi{h, 
 
 FRUGA'LLY, Adv. in a fparing or par- 
 lit:ionioi;s manner. 
 
 FRUGAXITY, S. [frufra'it/, Fr.frugaK- 
 tas, Lat. J the virtus of keeping due bounds in 
 expenc-^ ; good lufbindry ; purfimony, 
 
 FRUIT, S. [fu.^us, Lat.J the produce of 
 a tree or plant which includes the fce.1, or that 
 part of either whichis CMen for food ; a con- 
 fequence of an effifl. " The f,uit of the 
 fp'rit." E!s;. v. g. The offspring or young of 
 an animal ; an advantage gained by any un- 
 devraki g. 
 
 FRUTTAGE, S. [Fr.] fruit, or various 
 produfls of difteicnt vegetables. " The trees 
 — sn^hrnhalfruifa^e bear." Par, Lafl. 
 
 FRUITUEA'RKR, S, in Gardening, a 
 tree wh^ch produces fruit, oppofej to iiirri/t. 
 
 FRU'ITERER, S. {fruhUr, Fr.J one who 
 trades in, or buv.s and fell<;, fruit. 
 
 FRUI'TERY, S. lfyu\une\ a frait loft, 
 or place where fruit is kept. 
 
 FRUITFUL, Adj. fertile j lo.ided with 
 fruit. Bearing children, applied to women. 
 Gearing youig, nppli.-^d to beaC.s. 
 
 FRU'ITFULNESS, S. fertility ; the aft 
 or quality of producins? in abundance. 
 
 FRUJ'TION, S. {fruHui. oifruor, Lat.] 
 the art of enjoying, or polTcffi.-.j j the plea- 
 fun; given by ailuai pjiltjlTion anJ ufe. 
 
 I FRUIT-
 
 FU L 
 
 FRU'ITLESS, Adj. barren. Figuratively, 
 Tain ; produilive of ne advantage. 
 
 FRU'iTLESSLY, Adv. in an unprofitable 
 manner. 
 
 FRU'IT-TREE, S. a tree which bears, 
 and is chiefly valued for its fruit. 
 
 FRU'MEN TY,S. [f,:o?!er,i„m, Lat. corn] 
 a food or pottage made of wheat and raifin; 
 boiled in milk. 
 
 To FRU'STRATE, V. A. [frujiratus, 
 "Lzx.. f niftier, Yx.^ to defeat^ to dil'appoint ; 
 to render an undertaking or defign of no cf- 
 it&. \ to make null or void. '' To frujlrete 
 the efhcacv of it," yltterh. 
 
 FRU'STRATE, Pa.t. [fuflraiuu La'.] 
 vain } inefTeClual 5 iinpiofi tabic j null j de- 
 feated ; void. 
 
 FRUSTRA'TION, S. difappointment ; 
 the a£l of rendering an unJeruklng of no 
 cfieft J defeat. " Smites their moft refiner! 
 policies with fruf.raihmS'' ^iutb. Seldom 
 ufed. 
 
 FRU'STUM, S. [L^t.] in Mathematics. 
 a piece cut off from a regular figure. Fruflum 
 cf a pyramid, or cone, is apart cut off, ufuallv, 
 by a plane parallel to the bafe. ^ 
 
 FRY, S. \ fray, Fr. fra, orfraade, Dan.] 
 the young fifh jufl produced. 
 
 To FRY, V. A. [frire, Fr. fr;go, Lat.] to 
 drefs meat in an iron or copper pjn over a 
 fire. Figuratively, to be troubled with excefs 
 of hear. 
 
 FRY, S. [from the verb] adilh of meat or 
 fifh fried, or defigned to be fried. 
 
 To FU'DDLE. V. A. fof uncertainetymo- 
 logy] to intoxicate with liquors ; to make a 
 perfon drunk. 
 
 FUGA'CIOUSNESS, S. [fogax, Lat.] 
 vohtility ; or the quality of evaporating and 
 fiving away. 
 
 'FUGA'CITY, S. [fugax,hnt.] volatili- 
 ty; the aft and quality of evaporating, flying 
 away, or fading ; uncertainty ; inflability. 
 
 FU'GITIVE, Adj. IfogiilvuuLat.fugi- 
 tif, Fr.] one who runs from, or deferts his 
 Ifation or duty ; one who runs away from 
 punifhment, and fhelters himfelf in another 
 country. 
 
 FU'GITIVENESS, S. volatility ; the 
 quality of evaporating j inftability j uncer- 
 tainty. 
 
 FU'GUE, S. [Fr. fromfuga, Lat. a flight] 
 in Mufic, a Hight, and is when th"; different 
 • parts of a compolition follow eich other, each 
 repeating what the firfl had performed. £)s«- 
 tle figue, is when two points, move together in 
 a tugue ; and counter fugue, when they move 
 contrary. 
 
 ToFULFI'L, V. A. [..r/x'/and ///] to 
 accomplifh, anfwer, or confirm any prophecy, 
 by performing what is foretold ; to anfwer any 
 purpofe cr defign ; to perfcrm exaflly ; te 
 ar)fwer or graii'v any defire by compliance. 
 
 FULFRAU/GHT, A<ij. fully or pie ui 
 fully ftoreJ j opulent j no Woys Jefedlivs. 
 
 F L IT 
 
 " To mark K\\t f ul fraught man, the bcA eft* 
 du*d — with feme lufpicion." iihak. 
 
 FU'LGENT, Adj. Ifuhcr.,, Lat.] (hinlngj 
 dazzling; exceffively bright. 
 
 FU'LQID, Adj. [fulg\dui, Lat] fhining 
 glittering'. 
 
 FU'LGOR, or FU'LGOUR, S. {fulgor^ 
 Lat] a dazrling brightnefs, "Such an in- 
 tellecluaiy>//^or." More. 
 
 FULI'GINOUS, A^j. [fuligweux, fulhU 
 \iufe, Fr. ful'gwofus, Lat.J footy ; fmoky. 
 
 FU'LIMART, S. [of/«/, Sax./5«/, and 
 mart, Fr.] a kind of flinking ferret! " The 
 iicliet, (he fuiitna't, and the ferret." IVott'^n 
 
 FULL, Adj. [S^x. ano Ttut. fills, Goth J 
 fuilur. 111.] without any void f,>acc ; not ca* 
 pable of Containing more; abounding in any 
 quality, whether good or had. Plump or fat, 
 .;ppl ed to fize. " A gentleman of/a// body." 
 JVijcm. Complete, or wanting nothing to 
 complete it. Having every part of its furfaco 
 illuminated, applied to the rnoon. 
 
 FULL, S. freedom frorci defedl j the hiehefl 
 ftate cr degree. " At /«// of tide." Sh.ik, 
 The whole, ufed with at." This is ihe news 
 at full." ^kak. The ftate of be.ng able (» 
 contain no more. 
 
 To FULL, V. A. {fulla, Lat.] to deanfc 
 cloth from its oi! and greafe. 
 
 FU'LL.4.G£, S. the money paid for fulling 
 cloth. 
 
 FULL'- BLOWN, Adj. per.''eaiy blovrn. 
 Stretched to is utn-o.1 exte.it by wind, 
 
 FULL-BOT'TOMED, A.^j. having a large 
 or broad bottom. 
 
 FUL'LER, S. one whodeanfes and drelTef, 
 
 FULL E.VRED, Avij. having the heads 
 lull, fwsliing, or loaded with grains. 
 
 FULL-EY'ED, Adj. having large and pro- 
 minent e}e3. 
 
 FULL-FED, Part, fated j not able to eat 
 any longer. 
 
 FULL-LADEN, Part, laden with fo much, 
 that it cannot bear any more. 
 
 FU'LLING-MILL.S. a mill wherein cloth 
 is cleanfed fiom its greafe and oil, when tir.l 
 taken Irom the loom. 
 
 FULL-SPREAD, Adj. fpread toits utrao!^ 
 extent. 
 
 FULLY Adv. without any empty fpace, 
 dcfeil, or lack ; completely. 
 
 FUL'MINANT, Part. (Fr. o( fulirinTrs, 
 Lar,Jthiinderinpim?king a noife like .hunder. 
 
 To FULMIN A'TC, V.N. | Fr.fulirJrat-.ti, 
 Lat. of fulmiro, \.2X, fulair.'r, Fr.j to thun- 
 der ; to make a Icuj nuife or explofion lik: 
 thunder. Figuratively, to denounce threaten- 
 inf,!!, or ifiue out ecrlelialHcal renfui-es. 
 
 FULMINA'TION, S. [Fr. fulrhinaihi 
 Lat. j the aft of thundering; the aft of de- 
 nouniin: thre.its or cenfures. 
 
 FU'LMJN'ATORY, Adj. luomfuhvna- 
 tui, Lat.] thundering \ denouncing threats 
 an '. cenfures. 
 
 FUL'XESS. S. the flaie of being incapable
 
 FUN 
 
 to contain more ; the ftate of abounding in 
 any quality ; completenefs ; perfe£lion ; Iree* 
 oom from deleft j repletion ; plenty; er a 
 fiate of affluence ; largcnefs, or extent, 
 
 FUL'SOME, Adj. [frorr. full. Sax. foul, 
 zndfum. Sax. J naufeous, ofi'eniive, applied to 
 the objedls ot fight, tai'e, or fmell. Tend- 
 ing to oblcenity j dlfgrace.'ul ; odious. " Ful- 
 J(,m: muft it be to (lay behind." Otway. 
 
 FUL'SOMELY, Adv. naufeoully ; rankly 5 
 ob'cenely. 
 
 FUL'SOMENESS, S. naufeoufners ; ob- 
 fcenity. 
 
 rUMA'DO, S. a fi(h dried in fmoke. 
 To FUMBLE, V. N. [fommekn, Belg.] 
 to attempt any thing in an awK-waid or clumfy 
 manner. 
 
 FUM'BLER, S. onewhodoesaihing'awk- 
 watdly. 
 
 FUM'BLINGLY, Adv. in an awkward 
 manner. 
 
 FUME, S, [fum/e, Fr.//?K«s,Lat.] fmoak, 
 vapour, or any volatile fubflance j an exhala 
 tion ; any thing unfubHanlial ; an idle con- 
 ceit ; a chinnera ; a vain imagination. 
 
 To FUME, V. N. [fumcr. Fr.f^mo, Lat.] 
 to fmoke. " The gclden alur/aw't/." Far. 
 LoJ}. To raife or p^fs over in vapours. Fi- 
 guratively, to be in a rage. Atlively, to 
 fmoke, or dry in fmoke, applied to curing ol 
 fifh or fie/h. To perfuTie or fcent by calling 
 ocours into the fire. " Sht fum'd the tem- 
 ples with odVous flame.'' Dryd. Uied with 
 eivay, to difperfe in fmoke or vapours. " The 
 heat will fume away niofl of the fcenC." 
 Mi'tim. 
 
 FUME'TTE, S. [Fr.] in Cookery, the 
 ftink of meat. 
 
 " A haunch of venifon made her fweat, 
 
 " Uniei's it had the r ght fumette." Sivft. 
 
 FU'MED, Adj. [fumidas, Lat.J fmoky ; 
 vaporous. ** A grofs and fumed exhalation." 
 Br<ywn, 
 
 To FU'MIGATE, V. A. [from fumus, 
 Lat. fmoke, fumi/tr, Fr.J to fmoke, fccnt, 
 or perfume by vapours j to tleanfe from con- 
 tagion by fmokinu. 
 
 FUMIGA'TION, S. {Yt.fimi^auo,hM.] 
 fcent railed by fire ; the ail ot Imoking any 
 aft'c£led part in medicated fumes. 
 
 FU'MINGLY, Adv. angrilv : in a rage. 
 
 FU'MITLR, or FUMITORY, S. a plant: 
 fpelt iikewif;^, and more properly, fumatiry. 
 
 FU^MOUS, or FUMY, Adj. [fumiux, 
 Fr.] producing fumes, fmoke, or va- 
 pours. 
 
 • FUN, S. fport ; frolickfome mirth ; wag- 
 gi(h merriment. 
 
 FUNCTION, S. [fonBlon, Yt. fur Bio, 
 Lat.] difcharge or performance; an employ- 
 ment, office, or trade ; a fingle ad of any 
 office ; power j faculty j the offitc of any 
 paiticular partof ihe body. 
 
 FUND, S. IfnJ, Fr. fi^nJa, Lx\. a bag] 
 
 FUR 
 
 ftock, or capital j that by which any espen«^ 
 is fupportfd ; the public fecurity given thofc 
 who lend money to the ftate j a ftock or banic 
 of monev. 
 
 FUNDA'MENT, S. [fuvdamenium, Lat.] 
 that part of the body on which a perfoo 
 fits. ' 
 
 FUNDAATE'NTAL, Adj. [fundamenta. 
 lis. Lit.] ferving for the^ foundation 5 that 
 on which the fiift is built ; eiTeatial j im- 
 portant. 
 
 _ FUNDA'MENTAL, S. a leading, efTen- 
 lial, or nece(T<iry proDofr.ion, 
 
 FUND.VMENTALLY, Adv. erTentlally} 
 originiily. 
 
 FU'NERAL, S. [funeraiHes, Fr. of /i/- 
 »us, fuzeris, Lat.] the proceffion made in 
 carrying a corpfe to the grave ; the interment 
 or putting a dirad perloa into the grave ; 
 the ceremony ufed at putting a perfon into 
 the grave. 
 
 FU'NERAL, Adj. [funereus, Lit.] ufei 
 at the burial of the dead; fuitinga burial. 
 Dark or difmal, applied to colour. 
 ^ FUNGO-'SITY, S. [of fnngns, Lat.J 
 iponi^ineCs ; porofny, 
 
 FUN'COUS, Adj. [fur^m, Lu.] ex- 
 crefcent ; Ipongy j porous j wanting firm- 
 nefs. 
 
 FUN'GUS, S. [Lat.] a mufhroom ; any 
 excrelcence growing on trees. In Surgery, 
 an excrefcence of flefh grov.'inj on the lips of 
 wounds, 
 
 tUNK, S, [a low word, yi/n^f, D.-n. em- 
 bers] a ftrong, rank or ctTenfive fmell ; a.i 
 offenfive or fuiTocating fm.ike. 
 _ FUN'NEL, S. [irfi^ndibuh-n, Lat. whence 
 fur.d-.bh, fundk, funrelj an inverted hollow- 
 cone with a pipe tallened to it, through which 
 liquors are poured into vefi'ds with narrow 
 moBths ; the fh-^frs of a chimney ; any 
 pipe or paffage of communication. " Two 
 
 large funnels -to let in light and air." 
 
 y^ddif. 
 
 FUR, S. [fourrure, Fr. ffrir. Arm.] fkin 
 with fott h.ir ; the fott hair of beads j the 
 fediments of liquors, adhering to the veiTels ia 
 which they were contained. 
 
 To FUR, V. A. to line or cover with 
 Ikins that have hh hair ; to cover with fe- 
 dimenr?, or with the parts of a fluid which 
 is become thick by evaporation. 
 
 FURA-'CIOUS, Adj. ffurax,furac:s,Lnt.1 
 thievifti ; inclined to Ileal. 
 
 FURA'CITY, S. [furax,ft,rads. Lat.J 
 an inclinaticn or difpolmon to tnc.'t. 
 
 FUR'BHLOW, S. [of fur and Wcw, f,!- 
 l'aia,l:'r,\ an ornament of ruffiesi or plaited 
 filk, linen, lluff;, (Sc. fewcd on womcus 
 garment?. 
 
 To FUR'BELOW, V. A. to adorn with 
 ftripes or borders of fur, filk, linen, &c. 
 fcwtd on its plait!. 
 
 To FL'R'UlbH, V. A. [fcurUir, Fr. f,r. 
 
 hire.
 
 FUR 
 
 hire, Ital.J to butaifli, poliffi, or make any 
 metal bright. 
 
 FUR'BISHER, S. [foudifcur, Fr.] one 
 who pulifhes or buinifhes any metal fo as to 
 make k bright. 
 
 FU'RIOUS, Adj. [funetix, Fr. furhjus, 
 Lat.] mad, or deprived of the right ufc 
 of reafon j raging j violently tranfporced by 
 pafTion, 
 
 FU'RIOUSLY, Adv. madly ; violently ; 
 vith vehemence and outrage. 
 
 FU'RIOUSNESS, S. fiercenefs of nature; 
 violence of attack ; rjgiiig. 
 
 To FURL, V. A. [fiipr, Fr.] to draw 
 up, and bind any .'ail cloth to the yard. 
 
 FUR'LONG, S. [furlang, or furlw.g, 
 Six- ffyrltng, Belg.J a nieafure containing 220 
 yards, or cne eighth of a mile. 
 
 FUR'LOUGH, S. [lerkef, Belg.] a per- 
 miffion given by a fuperior officer to an in- 
 /erior, or a common I'oldicr, to be abfent for 
 jl ftated time. 
 
 FUR'N.<iCE, S. [furnus, Lat.] a place 
 luilt like an opc-!i, in which coals or v;ood are 
 burnt J fometimcs applied lo the vtfTcl 0/ 
 iron or copper in which ores, mttals, &c. are 
 melted. 
 
 To FUR'NISH, V. A. [fcutm'r, Fr.] to 
 fupply with what it vvanti.ig; to give for ufe; 
 to adorn 5 to emlieliiiTi. 
 
 FUR'NIiHER, S. one who fupplies or fits 
 Cut. 
 
 FUR/NITURE, S, [f.urntturc, Fr.] any 
 goods, necefiaries, or materials proper to ren- 
 der a houfe, place, or thing convenient j an 
 appendage J equipage j embellifhment, or 
 ornament. 
 
 FUR'RIER, S. one who buys or fells 
 furs. 
 
 FUR'ROW, S. [furh, Sax. fur, Din. 
 furch, Teut. -aore, or 'vorre, Belg.j a fir.all 
 trench made by the plough for the recep;ion 
 of feeds J a narrow channel made in a field 
 for conveying water to dry, or for the draining 
 vatery laud j any long trench or hollow ; 
 the marlfs or hollows made in the face by 
 age ; a wrinkle. 
 
 To FUR'ROV/, V. A. to plough into long 
 and narro-w channels or hollows 5 to move by 
 cuttinp, like a pi u^'h fh.ire. 
 
 FUR'RY, Adj. {Uam fur] covered with 
 or drelled in fur; confiding of fur 5 cover- 
 ed with t!if feriinicnts of any liijuor. 
 
 FUR"3^HER, Adj. beyond, or greater than 
 tnis 
 
 To FUR/THER. V. A. [fcrthrlan, Sax.] 
 to promote, coun'enance, or encourage. 
 
 FUR'THERaNCE, S. the aft of pro- 
 motint;, countenmcing, or advancing any 
 undTfaking or deiign. 
 
 FL'R'THERER, S. a promoter; one who 
 contrlhutes to auvance the progrcfs of an un- 
 derlakin'4. 
 
 FUR'THERMORE, Adr, morsoyerj 
 
 P Y 
 
 more than what has been faid or alledged j 
 befides. 
 
 FLJRY, S. [furh, Fr. furor, Lat.] lofa 
 of lenfon; madnefs j frenzy. 
 
 FURZE, S. [firs, Sax.j a plant which 
 grows wild on heaths and upland commons, 
 generally ufd for fuel, or making hedges. 
 
 fUR'ZY, Adj. overerovvn with furze. 
 
 To FUSE, V. A. [fufum, fupine oi funda, 
 Lat. J to melt, or liquify by heat. 
 
 FUSE'E, S. [fujeau, Fr.] the one or 
 fpindle round which the ch,.in of a clock or 
 watch is wound. In a Bomb, a wooden pipe 
 or tap filled with wild fire, by which the 
 whole powder or compofition in the fljcli takes 
 fire. A track of a buck. A firelock, or 
 frnall neatmufket. 
 
 FU'SIBLE, Adj. capable of being melted, 
 or liquified bv fite. 
 
 FUSIBI'LITY, S. a capacity of being 
 melted, or becoming liquid by fire. 
 
 FUSI'LIER, S. [pronounced /»//«r] a 
 loldier armed with a fmall mufket. 
 
 FU'SION, S. [fufw, Lat.] the aft of 
 melting ; the fiate of being melted or turned 
 into a liquid by heat. 
 
 FUSTIAN, S. [futalnc, Fr. of /«/??, 
 Fr.] a kind of clotn made of cotton ftufF. 
 Ln Criticifm, a high fwelhngand turgid ftilej 
 bombaft. 
 
 FUS'TIC, S. a wood ufed for dying. 
 
 FUS'TINESS, S. ftink j the fcent of a 
 mouldy cafk. 
 
 FUS'TY, Adj. ftinklng j mouldy ; fmel- 
 linp like a mouldy calk. 
 
 FU'TILE, Aa\. [Fr. offutilis, Lat.] talk- 
 ing much j trifling J worthlefs ; of no weight 
 or import. 
 
 FUTI'LITY, S. [funiite', Fr.] the faulf 
 of talking too much 5 triflingnefs j .want of 
 weight ; want of folidity. 
 
 FUT'TOCKS, S. [corrupted from foit 
 hscki] in Ship-buliding, the lower or upper 
 timbers that give breadth and beafing to a 
 (hip. and iiold it together. 
 
 FU'TURE, Adj. [futur,Tt futurus, Lat.] 
 that which /liall be; that which 'has never 
 exified, but is approaching. 
 
 FU'TURE, S. time to come ; that which 
 maj happen hereafter. In Grammar, a lenie 
 by which we exprefs a thing neithei preicnt or 
 pjfl, but one which is to come. 
 
 FUTU'RITY, S. time or events which 
 .iiay come after a certain period of linie ; the 
 flats oi being to happen after a certain time. 
 
 To FUZZ, V. N, [from the found] to fly 
 out with a hlflinp noife in fmall particles, like 
 water frotn a cock half turned. 
 
 FU'ZZBALL, S. a kind of fungus which 
 when touched or prcfitd, bu:fts and fcatters 
 duft. 
 
 FY! Interjeft, a word ufed to enprefs dif- 
 approbation aiid ^oathing, 
 
 G.
 
 GAD 
 
 C^ The feventh letter of the Engli/h al- 
 ■j- phdbet, and the fifth confonant. Its 
 ^ form is borrowed from that of the 
 Homaiis, who likewife formed it from the 
 gamma of the Greeks, 3s may be eafily per- 
 ceived from coiifulting the manufciipts in 
 that language, and by confidering the form 
 of the Gothic and Saxoij capitals. The let- 
 ter G is of the mute kind, and cannot- be 
 founded without a vowel ; it has two lounds, 
 one of which is called hard, becaufe formed 
 by a hard prelTure of the tongue againft the 
 upper gums ; this found it retains before a, 
 c, u, I, r, &i gat, god, guU, glafs, grafs. The 
 ether found, which is termed foft, lefembks 
 the found of the J, and is commonly, though 
 ntJt always, found before e or /, as in gem and 
 ^•.bbet. Before n, at the end of a word, it is 
 not founded, but ferves only to lengthen the 
 vowel, which comes before it, according to 
 the French, from whence thefe words are 
 derived, as condign, malign, which arc pro- 
 nounced ccnd'.ne, maline. It is often filent be- 
 fore h in the middle of words, as in mighr, 
 which is founded mite. This feems to have 
 been derived to us from the Saxons, who, as 
 Dr. Hickes informs us, pronounced it in the 
 beginning, middle, and ending of words, like 
 a_y, as in ^3/f, which fome ruftics ftill pro- 
 nounce yate ; in dag, which we pronounce 
 diiy,znd fa-g/, which we pronounce-ykvY, 
 
 To GA'BBLE, V. N. [galiare, ItaU gab- 
 haren, Belg.] to make an inarticulate noife ; 
 to prate loudly without fenfe or meaning. 
 
 GA'BBLE, S, an unintelligible noife : 
 loud talk, without itn(s or meaning, 
 
 GA'BBLER, S. a prater, or talkative per- 
 fon. 
 
 G.'^'BEL, S. [gahcUe, Fr. gakllo, Ital. 
 ^•"yi/, SdX. a tribute] among the French, a 
 fluty or tax upon fait; any tax, or excife. 
 " fhegabels of Naples are very high on oil, 
 " wine, and tobacco." ylddsf. 
 
 GA'BION, S.[Fr.] a wicker ba/ket filled 
 with cirth, fcrving as a defence from the 
 enemy's fire 5 ufed in batteries to fcreen the 
 engineers. 
 
 GA'BLE, S. [ga'val, Brit. gMe, Fr, ] 
 the Hoping roof of a building. The gabie- 
 end, in building, is the upright triangular 
 
 end of a houfe from the eaves to the top of 
 the i;oof. 
 
 Gad, S. [gad, Sax. gaddur, Ifl. a large 
 clubj a wedge, or ingot of fleel. " Flem- 
 "' irti fteel is brought — fome in bars, ap.J 
 '■ fome in^j^j." Moxoii. 
 
 To GAD, V. N. [gada-w, Brit, to for- 
 Take, (hadxac, Pol. chodiii, Rulf. and Boh. J 
 to ramble about without any fettled purpofe, 
 necelTary call, or valuable bufinefs. 
 
 GAD'DER, S. one who rambles about, 
 or goes much abroad, without any call or 
 bufinefs. 
 
 GA'DDING, Part, rambling about with 
 out any necelTny or fitted purpole. 
 
 G A I 
 
 GA'DDINTGLY, Adv. in a rambling tf? 
 roving manner. 
 
 gAd'FLY, S. [fuppofed by Skinner to be 
 derived frcirx gad. Sax. a goad, and fy, S.x.j 
 a troublelome, large Ringing fly j called like- 
 wife a />reefe and gad-hee, 
 
 GAF, S. a harpoon, or large hook, j^inf- 
 'Worth. 
 
 GAFTER, S. \gtfadcr. Sax. a father-in- 
 lawj a word of refpecl formerly; but now 
 made ufe of only as a term of familiarity to 
 an eld counrrv fellow. 
 
 GAFTELS, S. {gafelucat. Sax. fpears] 
 artificial fpurs, of ftecl or filver, put on a 
 cock's legs, in the room of his natural ones, 
 when he is to fight. 
 
 To GAG, V. N. {gaghd, Belg. the pa- 
 Iate,^^a^, Sax. the jav.'s, g-Jgnri, Run. a 
 thief, they making ufe of ttieie means to 
 prevent a difcoveryj to force fomething in to 
 ihe mouth that may keep the jaws diftended, 
 and hinder a perfon from fpeaking. 
 
 GAG S. fornething put into ttie mouth, 
 which hinders a perfon from /peaking. 
 
 GAGE S. [ Fr. ] fornething given as a 
 fecurity ; a pledge. 
 
 To GAGE, V. A. [gager, Fr.] to vira- 
 ger ; to give or place in truft as part of a 
 wager ; to give as a pledge or fecurity ; to 
 meafure, or find the contents of a veffel. In 
 the laft fenfe more properly written gauge, 
 which fee. 
 
 To GAG'GLE, V. N. [gagen, gagekn, 
 Belg.] to make a noife like a goofe, or like 
 one who is gagged. 
 
 GAPETY, S. a chearful, fprightly, and 
 joyous difpofition of mind. Pleafures which 
 are proper for youth, ufed in the plural. Fi- 
 nery, or fplendid drefs. 
 
 GAIN, S. [Fr.J profit or advantage flovir- 
 ing as a confequence from any undertaking j 
 intereft, lucre, or mere lucrative and merce- 
 nary views. 
 
 To GAIN, V. A. \_gagner, Fr.] to obtain 
 profit or advantage ; to receive for a thing a- 
 bove what it coft ; to attain, obtain, or ac-* 
 quire; to win; to draw over to any intereft 
 or party. Neuterl5', to encroach ; to advancs 
 or come forward by degrees. Figuratively, 
 \x'ie6. \n\X.h. on ot upon, to obtain an advantage 
 over ; to get ground, 
 
 GAIN'ER, S. one who fells for more 
 than he buys ; one who receives a profit or 
 advantage. 
 
 GAIN'FUL, Adj. that by which a per- 
 fon may be enriched ; profitable ; advanta- 
 geous ; lucrative ; productive of money. 
 
 GAIN'FULLY, Adv. in a profitable or 
 advantageous manner. 
 
 GAIN'LESS, Adj. iinprofitabie j produ- 
 cing neither profit nor advantage. 
 
 GAIN'LESSNESS, S. unprofiiablenefsj 
 want of profit or advantage. 
 
 OAIN'LY, Adv. haaJilyj dex'rOis and 
 ready in peii'orming 
 
 C g T9
 
 GAL 
 
 To GAIN'SAY, V. A. [from gain for 
 agamfl, and /cy ; gunjecgau, Sax. J to con 
 tradid. " Speeches which gainfay one an- 
 other." To deny, or fpeak againft a thing. 
 *' Impudence to gainfay what they did," Shak. 
 GAINSAY'ER, S. an opponent ; adver- 
 fary ; or one who writes or fpeaks againft the 
 opinions of another. 
 
 GAl'RISH, Adj. gaudy ; fhowy ; fine, or 
 bright. " Hide me from iiy's gainjh eye." 
 Mi!t. Exccrflively gay, or flighiy, applied to 
 the mind. " Makes the mind luofe and gai- 
 r-p." Souih. 
 
 GAI'RISHNESS, S. finery, or flaunting 
 gaiidinefs, applied to dreCs. Flighty, or ex- 
 travagant joy or gaiety, " Let your hope be 
 without vauity, or gair'Jhnefs of fpirit." 
 Taylor. 
 
 GAIT, S. [Scot, gat, Belg.J the manner 
 or air of walking 
 
 GAL 
 
 GALLANT, S. a gsy, fpiightly, a?? 
 and courageous perfon ; a perfon who courts 
 a womin in order to make her his wife ; a 
 perfon who keeps company with a proftitutej 
 or one who ftrives to debauch a wonriin. 
 
 G AL'LANTLY, Adv. in a gay or fpright- 
 ly manner. In a fhowy, or fplendid manner, 
 applied to drefs. In a brave, noble, or cou- 
 U'ous manner. 
 
 GAL'LANTRY, S. [gaUanterie, Fr.] 
 fplendour ; grandeur ; finery ; bravery ; no- 
 blenefs ; courtfhip ; elegant and refinid ad- 
 drefs to women ; vicious love ; amoroufnefj, 
 GAL'LEON, S, [pronounced gaUoen, of 
 gallon, Fr.] a large Ihip with four or five 
 aecks. Now applied to thofe ftiips which the 
 Spaniards employ in the commerce they carry 
 on between Mexico and Peru. 
 
 GAL'LERY, S, [gallent, Fr. galltria, 
 Ital.] a little ifle or wilK in a houfe above 
 
 GA'LAXY, S. \galaxie, Fr, ya^a^ia, oflftair?, ferving as a common paflage to feve- 
 y«X£t^, Gr. milk] tiie milky way ; or that I ral rooms placed in a line or row ; likewife a 
 part of the fky whick appears with a ftream I covered place in a houfe, much longer than 
 of light, fuppofed by modern aftronomers to j broad, ulually placed in the wings of a build- 
 be occafioned by a profufion of ftars. ing, fomi times embelli(hed with pidures. 
 
 GAL'BANUM, S. [Lat, and Sax.] a fub 
 fiance of a middle nature between a gum and 
 a refin, being inflammable like the latter, 
 and foluble in war:r like the former, but will 
 not diflolve in oil, as pure refins do. 
 
 GALE, S, IgatltngfTeMtAuAden] a cur- 
 rent of air ; or a jeniie blaft of wind. 
 
 GA'LEAS, or GALEASSE, §. [gahajfe, 
 Fr.] a large low built vefl'el, ufing both lails 
 
 and ferving to walk in 5 ihe feats in a play- 
 houfe above the boxes. In Fortification, a 
 covered walk or paliage made acrofs the ditch 
 of a town befieged. In 4 fiiip, a balcony 
 on the ouifide of the flern, to which there 
 is a pillage from the great cabin. 
 
 GALLEYT'ILE, S. a fine, fhining, and 
 light cby, of which gallipots are made. 
 
 C;aL'LEV, S. [plural,' jTA/Zifj; galea, Ital. 
 
 and oars, being the lar^eft vcifel which is j ga/fz-e, Fr.] a low-built velfel going both with 
 rowed. It may carry twenty gui s, and has 
 a ftern capable of lot^ging a great number of 
 tnufquetee's. 
 
 GA'LEATEP, Adj. [gaJeatus, Lat.] co- 
 vered with an helmet, or with fomething re- 
 fembling an helmet. 
 
 GA'LIOT, S. [gaUhtte, Fr.] a fmall gal- 
 ley, cr a brigantine, biiiic very lli|,ht, and fit 
 for the chace, carryi g one maft, and two or 
 three patetraroes. It can both fail and row, 
 and has from ten to twenty feats for the 
 fowers, with one man to each oar. 
 
 GALL, S. [gcsb, S.1X. galle, Bt\?. gall, 
 Teut. and 111. gahle, Dan. J a yellow juice, 
 
 lars and fails, having two mads and two 
 fquare fails. Figuratively, iifed to imply a 
 ftate of extreme mifery, alluding to the con- 
 dition of the Haves by whom ihcfe veflels are 
 navigated, 
 
 GaLLEY-SLAVE, S. a perfon con- 
 demned to row in the gallies. 
 
 GAL'LlClSMjS. [galltciJme.Tt. of gal. 
 licus, Lat.] a manner of expreifion peculiar 
 to the French Language, 
 
 GALLIGA'SKINS, S. [ca'iga Gallo -vaf- 
 cornea, i. e. Gaicoign hofe] a large, open, or 
 trunk hofe ; a pair of breeche?. " My gal- 
 ligajkini that have long withftood, &c." 
 
 fecreted fiom the blood in the glands of the | Phillips, 
 
 liver, and !odg;;d in a particular refcrvoir, I GALLIMA'TIA, S. [gairw!atias,Tt.'\ 3. 
 
 called the gaU-bladder. Figuritivcly, any dark perplexed difcourfej nonfenfe. 
 
 thing extremfly bitter. Rasroiir, or maligni- | GALLIMAU'FR Y, S. [galli.m^ufce, Fr.] 
 
 ty, applied 10 the temper of the mind. A a hoch poch, hafh, or ragout of Several forts 
 
 fore or hurt, occafioned by fretting or rub- I of broken meat ; any inconfiftent and ridi- 
 
 bing offthe fkin. culous mec'ley. 
 
 To gall, V. A. {galer, Tt,\ to hurt or CAL'LIPOT, S. a pot made of clay-glaz- 
 
 make fore by rubbing oft the fkin. Figura- ed, fometimeS painted, commonly ufedito 
 tively, to impair ; or wear away. To vex ; put medicin^JS in, 
 
 to fret ; to teaze ; to harrafs ; todifturb, j GAL'LON, S. [^3/0, or galU, low Lat.] 
 GALLA'NT, Adj. [fii/c-.f, Fr, ^a/ijnff, ' a liquid mcafure, containing f.-.ur quarts, 
 
 Ital. J gay j ftiowy, or m3fe;nificent, applied to I GALLOON, S, [galon, Fr,J a kind of 
 
 drei's. Brave, hi^h-fpirited j courageous, 2p- ' doTc gold, filver, or (iik lace. 
 
 pl:ed to the mind. Amorous, ■or inclined 10 j To GAL'LOP, V. N. [galo^er, Fr.] to 
 
 cuuitAiip* 
 
 i
 
 GAM 
 
 jnove Torwartls very quick ; to move on horfe- 
 bai k bv reaches and leaos, 
 
 GAL'LOP, S. [See the verb] the fwiTteft 
 natufdl pace of a hoife performed by r:aches 
 and Iraps. 
 
 CAL'LOPER, S. a hcrfe that gallops, or 
 moves forward by reaches and ie-ps : a per- 
 fon who rides fifi, or makes a horfe carry 
 him on a gallop 
 
 To GAL'LOW, V. A. to terrify; to 
 make afraid. 
 
 GAL'LOWAV, S. a horfe, not more than 
 14 hands high, much ufed in the North, and 
 perhaps is fo called becaufe coming originally 
 from Galloway, a fhire of Scotland. 
 
 GAL'LOWS, S. a frame of wood made in 
 divers forms, or a beam laid over two fup- 
 porters, on which criminals are hanged ; a 
 part of a printing pref''. 
 
 GAL'LOWS-FREE, Adj. [a compound 
 like that oi fcot-f-ee] excufed from being 
 banged. " Let him be ^a//(5WJ-/)fj, by n)y 
 ponfenf — and nutliing fuftcr." Dryd, 
 
 GAL'LOW-TREE, S. the inllrument or 
 frame on which a perfon is hanged. " A 
 Scot when fiom the gaUoiu-tree Ut loofe." 
 Qlcvfland. 
 
 GAMBA/DE, orGAMBA'DO, S.[plura!, 
 vamhaJes ^nJ g.:m'^adtet\ gamba, Ital. a leg] 
 a fort of Icdther boot fixed to a faddle, inftead 
 of ftirruos, to pui the legs in. 
 
 GAM'CLER, S. [perhaps from gnnte^ a 
 perfon who draws in the unwary to game, in 
 order to cheat them. 
 
 To GAM'BOL, V. N. {gambUUr, Fr.] to 
 dance, fkip, frifk, tumble, or play fportive 
 tricks. 
 
 GAM'BOL, S. a fkip, hop, leap, or tum- 
 ble for joy. F guratively, a frolic or wild 
 prank. " Who did ever play his gamhoU,''^ 
 Hudfon. 
 
 GAME, S. \gamcr.e,Szx. gam'n. If!.] fport 
 of any kind. A jeft, oppofed to lerioufnels, 
 or earneft. To male game, to rijjicule. A 
 fingle match at play : advantage in play. 
 Field f^Jorts, applied to the chace of falconry. 
 Animals purfued in the Jield. 
 
 To GAME, V, N. [gamenlan, Sax.] to 
 play at any fport or diverfionj to play extra- 
 fragantfy, or for great fums of money. 
 
 GAME'-COCK., S. a cock of a peculiar 
 fpecies, bred for fighting. 
 
 GAME'-KEEPER, §. a perfon who looks 
 after game. 
 
 GAME'SCME.S. frolickfome jmerryjgay. 
 GAME'SOMENESS, S. fpoftivenefs wan- 
 tonnefs. 
 
 GAME'SOMELY, Adv. in a pleafant; 
 merry, fportive, or wanto.T manner. 
 
 GAME'STER, S. one who is fond of play 
 Jo e^cefs, qt oni y/ho cngaj^es in play y/itii a 
 lidign to cjjeat j o.ie wljo is cpgag.'jd in play, 
 jC/ undeiftands a gaa> 
 
 G A n 
 
 >.pt' 
 
 tJA'|^.nyG, .S. the a,f» pf nfaiaz j an 
 oipdc/jfc Ipye of pijv, ^ ' • 
 
 GAM'MER, S. a familiar word for sn eM 
 country-woman. 
 
 GAM'MOT^, S. [ga>f:kn^, Ital. ;VwW, 
 Fr.J the buttock or tni^h of an hog ; the 
 lower end of a flitch of bjcon. 
 
 GA'MUT.S. (gaKa,Ua\.] a k^e by v/hic|» 
 we are taught fo Ibun 1 the muficil notes. 
 
 To GANCH, V, A. to drop from a high 
 place upon hooks, a punifhment praftifed m 
 Furhy. 
 
 GaN'DER, S. [gandra, S.x.] a |irg« wa- 
 ter fowl ; the male of the goofe. 
 
 G.'^NG, S. a company or crew going toge- 
 ther on fome exploit, ufed of a fliip's crevy : 
 or a company of robber'. 
 
 GANG'LION, [yeyyXiot, Cr, when tw(? 
 ^'scome together in Greek, and in the Go- 
 th:c, the firft founds like «J in Surgery, a hard 
 moveable tumour, 
 
 GAN'GRENE, S. [gangra^a, low L^t.] 
 m Surgery, a diforder in any ficfliy part of 
 the body tending to a mortification, attendeti 
 with fome fenfatiop of pain, and /hare of na- 
 tural bear, the flefh it feize^ turning black, 
 and fpreading itfelf 10 the adjacent paits. 
 
 To GAN/GRENE, V. N [cargrene,; Fr.] 
 to tend towards a mo t^fication. Adt.vely, (6 
 affedt with a deadi/h corruption, attendeij 
 with a ftench, blackncfs, and tending tovy«d» 
 d mortification. 
 
 GAN'GRENOUS, Adj. of the nature of? 
 gangrene. 
 
 GANG'WAY, S. in a ftip, the feverai 
 ways or paffages from one part of jt to an- 
 other. 
 
 G.AN'TELOPE, or GANT'].ET, So 
 [ganti'ct is only a corruption oi gastelope, fronj 
 gaiit, all, and Icijicn, Belg.j to runj a niiljtary 
 puniiTinient, wherein the offender is ihippjci 
 naked to the waift, and obliged to runihrough 
 a lane of foldiers, with green fwitches ifi 
 their hands, when each gives him a bloyf af 
 he pafFes. 
 
 GAOL, S. [pronounced jqU, gegl, Bt'iU 
 gtale, Fr. gh'iUk, Belg. gahlut Ital J 'a place 
 ot confinement for debtors or criminals. 
 
 GAOL'-DELlVERy, S. [pronouncedja;/- 
 deliwry] a judicial procefs, which either by 
 punifhment or pardon empties a prifjn. 
 
 GAOL'ER, S. [gcolier, Fr.J a keeper of 5 
 prifon. 
 
 _G -iP, S. an opening in a broken fence ; a 
 bre..ch, pallage, avenue, open vyay, hole, in- 
 terftice, or interval. 
 
 To G APE, V. N. to open the mcuth widei 
 to yawn. Figuratively, to coi^et, crave, or 
 defire earnenly ; to op^n in hoks or breachej j 
 10 beheld with ignorant wor.de'', ar;d with tae 
 mouth opan. 
 
 GA»"E1J., S. one v/hq opens jiis mot|tf} ; 
 one who ftiffcs, w^th his Oio^th, open, at anf 
 other petfos Q? fljirrg, tlir^r^gh ignoj-a^p f^- 
 niiration. 
 
 G AE, S. in Sa». 9nd J^-vn. fifsifice ^ wea- 
 pon, tliu- ftid^iii- is ahjppy v/eppon] ethchrr^
 
 GAR GAS 
 
 or ethtl, Six. noble, and gar, Sax. a weapon, jany thing which is worn to cover the bodj 
 implies a nohle wedpou. cioaths ; drefs. 
 
 GARB, S. [garh, Fr. of ^arbo, Ital.] 
 drefs ; a habit : the fafiiion of a perfon's 
 deaths, or drefs ; external appearance. 
 
 GAr^'BAGt:, S. l^jftesn, Span.] the 
 bowels, or that part (T the intelViDes, which, 
 in beads, is fepirated md thrown away j the 
 entrails. 
 
 To GAR'BLE, V. A. [girLellan, Ital.] 
 t© fift : to feparate the good from the bad ; 
 to cleanfe from drofs, filch, dirt, o: foreign 
 Oiixtures. 
 
 GAR'BLER, S. one who feparates one 
 thing from another; one who picks out the 
 dir:, filth, or foreign mixtures frcni any com- 
 modity. 
 
 GARD, S. Igarde, Fr.] wardfhip ; care ; 
 Cuftody; the charge of a petfon. Figuratively, I brim of a difii ; a fee or treat paid by a prl 
 an orphan or pcrlin left to the care of an- foner on his firft en. ranee into a gaol. 
 
 GAR'NER, S. [grenier, Fr. grafraro. It.!.] 
 a place wherein any fort of grain is kept. 
 
 Tu GARDNER, V. A to (lore. Figura- 
 tively, to keep as in a ftorehoufe. " There, 
 " where 1 have garnered up my heart." Shak. 
 A beautiful mci'aphor. 
 
 GAR'NET, S. [garnalo, Id. graratus, 
 low Lat.j a gem of a middle degree of hatd- 
 nefs between the fapphire and common cryf- 
 tal ; the Bohemian is red, with a flight caft 
 of flame colour, and the Syrian red, with a 
 fiiehc c^ft of purple. 
 
 ToGAR/NlbH, V. A. [garmr,Ti.2 in 
 Cookery, to embellifh, fet cfi^, or trim. 
 
 GAR'NISH, S. ornament ; embelliihment; 
 hings placed by way of crnaroent o;i the 
 
 other ; a priforier intrufted with a perfon 
 
 GAR'DEN, S. [gar^J, Eri'. jarjin, Fr. 
 giardiv, Ital. J a piece of giou.nd incloled and 
 cultivated with extraordinary care, planted 
 with herbs, lowers, or iruits. 
 
 GAR'DENER, S. {garddivr, Brit, jardl- 
 mer, Fr.] one that takes care of a garden. 
 
 GAR'DENING, S. the aft of cultivating 
 or taking care of a garden. 
 
 GARE, S. coarfe wool growing on the 
 legs of fheep. 
 
 GAR'GARISM, S. \yaiya.oi^;xa, Gr.] a 
 
 liquid medicine uieJ to w-dh the mouth with. 
 
 To GARGARI'ZE, V. A. to waili the 
 
 mouth with a liquid medicine 
 
 GAR'GET, S. [garan. Sax. an ulcer] a 
 diAemper which appears in the head, maw, 
 or hinder parts of cattle. 
 
 To GARGLE, V. A. [gargouUhr, Fr.] 
 to wa(h the throat with fome liquor, without 
 fwallowing it. 
 
 GAR'GLE, S. a liquor with which the 
 throat is wafhed, without fwallowing it. 
 
 GAR'GLION, S. in Surgery, an exfoda- 
 fion or extravafation of nervous juice from a 
 bruife, &c. which becomes a hard immove- 
 able tumour. 
 
 GAR'GOL, S. [gargen. Sax.] a diftemper 
 in hogs, fhewins itl'eif in their hanging down 
 their heads, having moift eyes, llaggering, 
 and lofs of appetite. 
 
 GAR'LAND, S. Igjrljnd.Tv] a wreath 
 made o.*" flowers, and worn on the head ; like- 
 wife a milk-maid's pail drefTcd up with flow- 
 ers, ana aacrned with plate, which is carried 
 about the flrcets in London, at the beginning 
 of Mdy, when they vifit and receive prefems 
 of money from their cuflomers 
 
 GAR'LIC, or GAR'LICK, S. in Botany, 
 the alium. 
 
 GAR'LIC PEAR-TREE, S. a pear-tree, 
 
 fo called from bearing a fruit which has a 
 
 firong fcent of garlic 
 
 CiiK'i,lLWi\ S. [guarnhr.ent, old Fr,] 
 
 GAR'NISHMENT, S. an ornament. 
 GAR'isITURE, S. furniture ; or fome- 
 ihing added to a thing to make it appear 
 pkahng to the eye. 
 
 GA'ROUS, Adj, \garum, Lat.] refem- 
 Lling pickle made of filh. 
 
 GAR'RET, S. [^dr/Vif, Fr. the tower of a 
 citadel] a room on the higheft floor of a houfe. 
 
 GAR/RETTEER, S. one who lives in a, 
 garret. 
 
 GAR'RISON, S. {garnJon,Yr.'\ foldiers 
 placvJ in a fortified town Or cadle to defend 
 It ; a fortified place ftored with foldiers. 
 
 To GaR'RISON, V. A. to defend with 
 foldiers, to flore a place with foldiers for the 
 defence of it. 
 
 GARRU'LITY, S. Igarrulitaz, Lat.] ths 
 vice of talking too much 3 inability of keep- 
 ing a fecret. 
 
 GAR'RULOUS, Adj. [garruhs. Lat.J 
 talkative ; prattling ; fond of calking. 
 
 GAR' TER, S. [gardus, Brit, jar'ticr, Fr.] 
 a firing with which the ftockings are tied up. 
 The mark of an order of knights inftiiuted 
 by Edward III. in 1352, who wore a garter 
 on the iclt leg, fet with precious flones, and 
 embroidered witii this motto, horifeit qui ntal 
 
 y M- . . 
 
 GAR'TER, S. fometimes called, though 
 improperly, gorter pr'ir.c'pal king at arms, an 
 oli'icer who attends the knights of the garter 
 at their aliVmblies. 
 
 To GAR'TER, V. A. to bind up the 
 flocking with a band or garter. 
 
 GASCON A'DE, S. [from Gajcoign in 
 France, a province remarkable for boaitingj 
 a bcail, or vaunt of fomcihing improbable. 
 
 To GASCONA'DE, V. N. to brag or 
 boaft. 
 
 To GASH, V. A. to cut deep, foastocaufe 
 a wide and gaping wound. 
 
 GASH, S. a deep and wide wound ; the 
 mark or fear left by a wound. 
 
 To CASP, V. N, to open the mouth 
 
 Wide j
 
 G A U 
 
 *?(Je ; to catcli or draw breath ; to expire, 
 or force out brejth with difficulty. "With 
 *' fhort fobs he g'Jf away h;s breath," 
 D>yd. Figuratively, to long for ; to be al- 
 moll expiring for want of; a vehement de- 
 fire. " Gafped afier liberty." SpeEI. No, 198. 
 
 Gasp, S. the aft of opening the mouth 
 wide for want of breath ; the convulfive 
 flruggle for breath in the agonies of death. 
 
 GAS'TRIC, Adj. [trotn j/ari^, Gr. the 
 bellyj belonging to, or fituated in, or on the 
 belly. 
 
 GASTROCNE'MIUS, S. :n Anatomy, a 
 name given to the two mufcles which com- 
 pofe the fura, or calf of the leg : the one 
 calie<l externus, ':. e. external, and the other 
 inteinus, or internal. 
 
 GASTRO'RAPHY, S. {(ram yci^Y,=, the 
 •belly, and ^b.-:!\'jj, Gr. to levvj in Surgery, ap- 
 plied to fignify that a wound of the belly is 
 complicated w th another of the inteftines, 
 
 GASTRO'TOMY, S. [from ^artf, and 
 'n;^vj}, Gr.] tht Cefarean operation, or ad of 
 cutting the belly open. 
 
 GAT. the preter of g€f. 
 
 GATE, S. Igale, Sax.] a large door cf a 
 city, caftie, palace, &c. a frame of timber 
 on hinges to flop up, or open a paifage into, 
 xfidoied grounds. Figuratively, a way, ave- 
 nue, or introduflion. " Opening » gate to a 
 long war." Knohs, 
 
 GATE'WAY, S. a way or paflage thro' 
 the gates of indofed ground. 
 
 To GA'THER, [gatberian. Sax; gaderen, 
 Eelg.J to colleft or bring many things into 
 pne place ; to pick up; to glean ; to crop or 
 p'uck a vegetable from the-tree or plant on 
 which it grows. 1o gather together, to afieiTi- 
 ble ; to heap up ; or accumulate ; to colleft 
 charitable contributions ; to colleil ; or re- 
 duce to a narrower conripafs. " Gaiherin^ 
 " his flowing robe." Fcpe. To gain, ulcd 
 yi'liW ground. " He gathers ground upon her." 
 Dryd, To run cloth in very fmall folds or 
 plaits on a thread, in needlework. To de- 
 duce ; to colled logically, or by inlerence. In 
 Surgery, to generate or breed matLer, applied 
 to wounds. 
 
 GA'THERER.S. one who coUeds ; one 
 wljo gets in a crop ot any vegetable, produce, 
 or fruit. 
 
 GA''THERING. S. the nd of colleding. 
 _ GAT'TEN-IREE, S. in Botany, a fpe- 
 cies of the comerum clerry. 
 
 GAUDE, S. [from gaude, Fr.] an orna- 
 Sient ; a trinket ; any thing worn as a fign 
 of joy. " Bore all \.\\a gauda tlie fimple na- 
 tives wear." Dryd. 
 
 GAU'DERY, S. finery; a fhowy drefs ^ 
 cftenla'ioi's luxury of drcls. 
 
 GAU'UILY, Adv. in. a fltowy manner. 
 
 G.\U'D1NESS, S, an appei^rarice of (plen- 
 dour witbout any real value ; often:a;iMUS 
 fiiowinefs. 
 
 GAU'DY, Adj. ftriking the fight with 
 
 GAY 
 
 lome fplendid appearance and fliowy colour* 
 including generally the idea of fomething of 
 Imall vilue, 
 
 GAVE, the preter oi give, from p-<7/ii, Run< 
 a prefent. "^ 
 
 GA'VEL-KIND, S. [gaft!, or gd-vel, Sax, 
 a tribu ej in Law, a cuftom whrreby th? 
 lands of a father are, at his deatii, equally 
 divided among his fons, to the exclufioij of 
 the females, or thofe of a brother .ire equally 
 divided amoog brothers, if Jie dies without 
 illue. 
 
 To GAUGE, V, A, [pronouncpd gage, 
 Uoai jauge, Fr. a meafuring rod] to find the 
 contents of a veJiei by means of a meahiiing, 
 or gauging rod. Figuratively, to mcafure or 
 proportion the fize of one thing to another. 
 
 GAUGE, S. [pronounced gcJ^e] a mea- 
 fure, or fiandard by which any thing is mea- 
 fured. 
 
 GAU'GER, S. one who ineafures or finds 
 how much is contained in a cafk or vrfl'el. 
 
 GAU^GiNG, S. [pronounced gag't^gl 
 the art of meafuring, or computing how 
 much liquor is, or may be, contained in a 
 cafk, &c. 
 
 GAUNT, Adj. [of ge-zcaman, Sax. to lef- 
 renj thin or meagre, applied to the fiat^ or 
 mealure of the body. 
 
 GAU'NTLY, AJv. in a flender, thin, or 
 meagre manner. 
 
 GAU'NTLET, S. \ga7,te:d, Fr. o( ganf, 
 Fr. a glove] an iron -giuvt: ufed for defence, 
 thrown down on the ground in challenges. 
 Appropriated by tranflators to the ceftus, or 
 boxing glove ufed in the Ciicenfian and 
 Olympic games. 
 
 GA'VOT, S. [ga-vottfjYr. ga-votfa, Ital.] 
 in Mufic; a fhort, bnfk, lively air, compofed 
 in common time, confifting of tvvo parts or 
 ftrains, each of which is played over twice, 
 the firft firain corfiifing of 4 or 8 bars, and 
 the lad of 8, 12, ^c. bars. 
 
 GAUZE, or GAWZE, S. a kind of thio 
 tranlpafent filk or linen. 
 
 GAWK, S. [gcuc, S,zyi. geecTtnX..'] a 
 cOckow ; a foolifli lellow j ufed in both fenfes 
 in Scotland. 
 
 GAY, Adj. [Fr.] brifk, nimble, chearfiil, 
 or merry ; fine, or /liowy dicfs. 
 
 GAY, [John] born in 1688, at or near 
 Bariiftjple in Du-von/lire ; was educated at 
 the irre fchool there, and dfr;;endea of an 
 ancient family. The family eft.ite being 
 impaired, he was bred 10 trade, as a means 
 • )t improving his foi.une, and put apprentice 
 to a fiik mercer in London ; but that Aation 
 not fuiting his inclination, he procured a re- 
 'eafe from his appreniicefiiip on ea/y terms, 
 and feon gave the public a proof of his ta- 
 lents in his rural Georgic. His friendftiip 
 v/:th Mr. Pope was perhsps no fmall addi- 
 tion to his tame, efprcially -s it was in itfelf 
 a tacit proo! ofhis ahilities, and gave rile to 
 his P.ii'oials, which put his merit* in a bVbt 
 G g 3 ^ that
 
 G E t 
 
 tnit Mii&ei genera! notice, and univerfal 
 ipplaufe. The cncour.it,ennent vhich liis 
 ^iece of the Beggar's Opera met with at it' 
 niH ei;h:bition, and its popularity to thif 
 vety day, contributes not £ little to raife tiit 
 ide.i We rnuft have of him in the character 
 o? i. pcet. The chief virtues he was remark- 
 able for, Were honcfly and fincerity. As a 
 fabuliJl, few equallsd, and none can furpafs 
 hini ; there is luch an e>iy elegance in all 
 Jiis pieces of ihis kind, that he feems to havr 
 flolen the curiofa felititas of Horace ; in his 
 Paflorals he is juOly called the fen ot Spenfer 
 is as natiii-a], but no. fo rough, as Theocritus, 
 and both in his language and fentiments 
 leeih'sio give us a more perfeil idea of paf- 
 tbral poetry, than any definition can convcv 
 cf it. As Suilt fays of him, he had the art 
 of writing childifh things wiihout appearing 
 feb'eiile. Even in his fables addretiVd to a 
 prince, he fpaies no foible which migiit cha- 
 lafflsrize a courtier ; and if he recon-.mends 
 jiitrifelf to princely favour, it is not under 
 the chara^er of a Have, b'.ic that of a man. 
 It Were to be wifhed he h;il met with that en- 
 tburagtment his merits delerved, or at iedfi 
 th»t he had Ican.ed the an of bearing a dil- 
 appointment. He died in 1732. 
 
 G AY'LY Adv. merrily ; chearfully j fine, 
 tor Jhowy. 
 
 To GAZE, V. A. '-[gefiah, Sax. to fee, 
 kycc^^ixai, Gr.J to look at a thing with in- 
 tcritneis or earneftntfs, ir.cludlng fomelinies 
 the idea of novcliy in the objeft, or admira- 
 tion in I he petfon. 
 
 GAZE, S. a fixed and earneft look, includ- 
 jng the idi a of wonder ; the obje£t of afto- 
 nilhment, i.dmirat;on, or gazing. " Made 
 of mine enemies the fcorn and gaxe." Mil- 
 ton, 
 
 GA''ZER, S. one who looks at a thing 
 Vihh great earneftnel's and fixedness. 
 
 GA'ZEFULj Alj. looking intently. 
 
 GA'ZETTE, S. [at prefent accented on 
 thfc firft, but fcrmerly, and more propeily, 
 on the ftcond fyJlablr j o' gaz,etra, a Vene 
 tian halfpenny, the pizi; ot ihe ncws-p^pei 
 pubh/hed at Venice] a paper cf news, con- 
 taining mofily foreign articles, an: publiftjeo 
 by authority. 
 
 GA'ZETTEER, S. a writer or pnblilhe- 
 of news i a paper which con jins aiiiclcs oi 
 news both fjre'gn and di mcflic. 
 
 GA'ZJNG-S rOCK, S. an objefl of pub 
 lie notice, contempt, inl adhorrence. 
 
 GaZON, S. [Fr, the pronounced like 
 that in lcr,e\ in Foriificitior^ j ier es of fiefti 
 earth covered with graff, in the form of a 
 wedge, ibcut a foot long, and hj|f a foot 
 thick, ufid 10 Jine parapets, and the traverf..s 
 of galleiief. 
 
 GEE, 1. te'rj. a word u^ed by waggoners, or 
 Other diivcri, to make their hoifes go fafler. 
 
 C££SE, S. th^' pluialof ^i>o/>. 
 
 G E n. 
 
 GE'LABLi;, Adj. {horfigek, tat. a frofl] 
 what may be thickened, or formed into a geily. 
 
 GELATINE, or GELATINOUS, Adjj 
 [gehitus, Lat.j foritied into a gelly j flifi" of 
 viltous. 
 
 To GELD, V. A. [prctei- a«d part. pafH 
 geliiid or gelt] to caftrate, or deprive of the 
 power of generation. Figuratively, to di.-ni- 
 iiifh, leiTen, or deprive of any ellentjal part. 
 " Ge/(/(ng the oppoftd continent." Sh^k. To 
 cut out or deprive a book of any pafTage that 
 is inimodefl, or liable to objection, " G(id 
 it fo clearly in fome places." Dryd. 
 
 GEL'DER, S. one who perforins the a£l 
 of cailratiiip. 
 
 GEL'DER-ROSE, S. [perhaps h called 
 from its coming from Gue!dcriand\ in Botany, 
 a (pccics of the viburnum, and a variety of 
 the marfh elder, having flowers fweiling round 
 in a border. 
 
 GEL'DiNG, S. any animal that is catlrat- 
 ed, t)ut more particularly applied to a horfe in 
 that condition, 
 
 GE'LID, Adj. [gelidus, Lat.] extremely 
 col.-i. " The deep oofe and gelid cavern*" 
 Thoinj. 
 
 GELl'DITY, S. extreme cold. 
 
 CEL'Ly, S. [gelatui, Lat. of ge.'u, Laf. 
 geiee, Fr. froftj any thick, vifcous, or gluey 
 fubftance. 
 
 GELT, S. an animal that has been caf- 
 tra td. 
 
 GELT, prefer, and part. paff. o( geld, 
 
 GEM, S. Igemma, Lit.] a jewel, or precioiij 
 ftonf. 
 
 To GEM, V. A. [from the noun] to pro- 
 duce, or put forth the firft buds j to adorn ai 
 witli jewels or buds. 
 
 GEMILLl'PAROUS, Adj. [from gev7e!l!, 
 Lat. twins, and /xirro, Lat. to bring forth] 
 bearing twins. 
 
 GEMIN.VTIGN, S. [gemlnatio, Lat.] a 
 repetition or republicition of a word or fen- 
 tence in order to encreafe its force. " A gt- 
 ir.ir.ation the prelent controverfy Ihews not td 
 iaVe been caufelefs." Boyle. 
 
 GEMI'NI, S. [Lat.j in Aftronomy, thtf 
 Tains, the third cooftellation cr fign in the 
 Zodiac, containing eighty-nine flars, accord- 
 ing to the Britannic catalogue, marked on the 
 globes by the hieroglyphic ot two kids, be- 
 caufe at this time tfee Iheep generally bring 
 ortti their young in pairs, Jn the place of 
 ihe Ei.'ypii,,n hieroglyphic, iht Greeks have 
 ulflitu'cd, v^ithiiut any propiicty, the iwiil 
 brothers Caflor and Pollux. 
 
 GEM'MtOUS, Adj. [gemmeus, Lat.] tend- 
 ing to, o: having the nature fg-ms. 
 
 GLN'DER, S. [gevdre, Fr. gtnu!, Lat,] a 
 foit. " One j;<nflVr f herbs." Sbak. A fex. 
 In Grammar, a name given to, or a diftinc- 
 tion of nouns, according to the d.ftcrent ifxts 
 they fignify, or the termination of the ad- 
 jective wBich is joined to them, 
 
 Tt>
 
 GEN 
 
 . To GEN'DER, V. A. [ings/t^re, Fr.] to 
 begec; to produce as a cauTe. NciiterJy, to 
 
 copiiTate ; tn breed. 
 
 CENEALO'GICAL, Adj. from [genealo- 
 gy] perrainlng to the defcents of families; 
 belonging to the hiftory of the fucceffors in 
 houfcs. 
 
 GENEA'LOGV, S. [olyVJSit, and Xoy©-, 
 Gr.] a fummary account of the fevctaldelcen- 
 dan'.s in a pedigree or family, a feriss of fuc- 
 ce/Tiou of progenitor* ; a pedigree. 
 
 GE'NERABLE, Adj. [ge,:eio, Lat.] that 
 which rray be produced or begoiten. 
 
 GE'NERAL, Adj. [Fr. generalis, Lat.] 
 comprehending m^ny fpecies or individuals, 
 oppoled to fpi^cial, or particular. Koc re- 
 ftrained in its fignification, applied to words. 
 Excenfive, or comprehending a great many, 
 but not univerfal. 
 
 GE'NERAL, S. the whole; the m^iin, 
 without infilling on particulars; one who 
 commands an army ; a particular march or 
 be It of the drum. 
 
 GENERALIS'SIMO, S [ItaX. generalljfme, 
 Fr-] a luprems commander in the held. 
 
 GENERA'LITY, Adj. [gcnerulite, Fr.] 
 the quality oi being general, or including fe- 
 verai ipec.es, oppofed to /;jrn'f«/i?r. The main 
 body, bulk, or greater part of any number or 
 body of men. 
 
 GE'NERALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to include ail of the fame fpecies without 
 exception ; commor.ly, or frequently. 
 
 GE'NERa.NT, Adj. {gineram, Lat. J the 
 power, caufiDg, producing, or begettmg. 
 " The gcreran^i or aftivf principle." Ray, 
 
 To GE'NERATE, V. A. [generatus, of 
 genero, Lat. J to be^et, to propagate j to caul 
 or procure, 
 
 GENERA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 begetting or ptojucing; a family, race or 
 offspring ; a fingle fuccellion or gradation, in 
 the fcale of delcent. '* So generations in their 
 courfe decay." Pope. Figuratively, an age 
 " By fome of the antients a generation was 
 fixed to an huncred yi-ars." Calmet. 
 
 GE'NERATIVE, Adj. [ger,erattf, Frj 
 having the power of propagjtion or produ- 
 cing; prolific. 
 
 GENERA'TOR, S. the power which be- 
 gets Cdufes, or produces. 
 
 GENE'RIC, or GENE'RICAL, Adj. [ge- 
 renque, Fr. of genin, Lac. j ihat which com- 
 preiicnds the genus, or diftinguiftes one ge- 
 nus, but not one fpecies, from another. 
 
 GENE'RlCALi^Y, Adv. in a generical 
 manner; v^/ith regard to i he genus, 
 
 GENERO'SITY, S. {generofiie, Fr. gene- 
 rofus, Lat. J the quality of giving money free- 
 ly, ot overlooking laulis without ccnfure, of 
 pardoning crimes with good-nature, and con- 
 filtring the difagrcgmcnt of other perfons 
 opinicms with charitable allowances. 
 
 GE'NEROUS, Adj. {ge„creux, Fr. g^ne- 
 rcjiia., Lat. j open of heart ; iib'-iaU 
 
 GEN 
 
 GE'NESIS, S. r^fV£a<f, Gr.] the firft took 
 of thf; Old Tefl-iment, To cdlied by the Greeks, 
 becaufe it contdins the hiftory of the genera- 
 tion or ptodudion of all things. It compre- 
 hends the account of the creation, the origin 
 of all nations, the hlftor) of the firft patri- 
 archs, takcs% the fpace of 2367 years, and 
 was written by Mofes. The Jews are forbid- 
 den to read the beginning of this book, and 
 that of Ezekiel, till thty are thirty ye.3rs old. 
 GE'NET, S. [gaiet, Fr. gianetto, Ital.] a 
 fmall-fized, well-proportioned, and fwifc Spa- 
 nifh horfe. 
 
 GENETHLFACAL, Adj. [^svsOx.ax®-, 
 Gr.J in Aftrology, belonging to, or calculat- 
 ed trom, a perfon's biith or nativity. 
 
 GENE'THLIACS, S. [See Gemthliaca!,'] 
 the fcience of calculating nativities. 
 
 GENE'VA, S. fa corruption of gCTie-vre, 
 Fr. a juniper-berry] a fpiritusus liquor di« 
 ftiUed from juniper-berries. 
 
 GENIAL, Aflj. [getiialis, Lat.] that which 
 contributes to propagation. " The^««;j/bed." 
 Par. Lojl. That which cherifhes, fupports 
 life, or caufes chearfulnef-. " So much I 
 find my ^ema/fpirits droop." Mi't. Natural, 
 or native. '• Natural ii'capaciiy, ai\i genitl 
 III difpofition.'' Bto-ivne, 
 
 GE'NIALLY, .Huv. p^lv; chiirfully. 
 GEN I'CUL ATED, Adj' {genkuiatus, Lat. J 
 inBot-nv, kiLittcd, or joir-vr'j. 
 
 GE'NlO, S. [It.l. ot gemu!, Lat.] aper- 
 on of a particuia'- tun. or mind; the turn, 
 d;ipor!f.an,- or c^ff of mind. " Some gemos 
 are not capable of pure, .fiettion." 7flf/<r, 
 No. 53. 
 
 GE'NITALS, S. [not ufed in the fingular, 
 of gerntalis, Lat. J the parts contributing to 
 generation, 
 
 GE'NITING, S. [a corruption of janetort, 
 Fr. fignifyinj; 'Jane, (uppofed to be fo called 
 in honour of I'.me lady of that name] an ear- 
 ly apple gatliered in June. 
 
 GE'NITIVE, Adj, [genetif, Ft. genithw, 
 Lat. J in Grammar, one of the fix cjies, by 
 winch property or pofiefllon is chiefly implied. 
 GE'NIUS, S. [Lat. genie, Fr.J i fuppofed 
 proteding or ruling power or men, pl<icc9, 
 i>r things ; a perfon endowed with larulri^g 
 Superior to another ; a perfection of under- 
 flaniling ; a difpofition by which any perfon 
 • s by n^ttute qualified or inclined to any par- 
 ticular fcience or employment; nature or 
 difpofition. 
 
 GENTE'EL, Adj. [genfi/, Fr.] polite, or 
 elegant in behaviour or addrels ; graceful or 
 elegant in mien, 
 
 GENTE ELY, .'Vdv. according to the rulei 
 of polite breeding ; elegantly j gracefully j 
 handfonflely. 
 
 GEN'llAN, S. [gentian, Fr. gentiana, 
 Lat. J -.11 Bi.tany, fcllworc. It is ranged by 
 i-'inn;cus in the fe'ond fe<fl. of his fifth cla's; 
 and 1 y Tuurneiort in the third fed. of his 
 firfl dill'. 
 
 G 6. 4 GEN-
 
 GEN 
 
 GENTIA'NELLA, S. a kIn;J of blue co- 
 lour. 
 
 GENTI'LE, S, [gentUis, Lat,] one who 
 woifhips idols, or f^lfe gods ; a perfon of 
 rank. " Ladies and getiiiles." Tujf. 
 
 GENTILE'SSE, S. [Fr.J complaifance ; 
 the ceremony and addrefs of polite behaviour ; 
 civility. " Her complaifance and gentileffe." 
 Hud. 
 
 GENTI'LISM, S. [gemllifme, Fr.] the 
 worlhip oi the heathens ; idoUtry. 
 
 GENTILI'TIOUS, Adj. [ge>:;:Iitlus, L«t.] 
 belonging to, or charafteriftic of a particular 
 nation. " An unfavoury odour is gentiliiious 
 unto the Jews." Brcwn. Hereditary ; entailed 
 on a family. " A gentilhious difpofition of 
 body." Arhuth. 
 
 GENTI'LITY, S. {genuliti, Fr.] good 
 extrattion ; dignity of birth ; the clafs of 
 thofc who are well born. 
 
 GEN'TLE, Adj. igentUh, Lat.] of an 
 ancient and good family ; pronounced in con- 
 verfation genteel in this fenfe. " Our noble 
 and o-«r?.V youth." Milt. Mild; tame; not 
 eafily provoked, applied to the temper. Soofh 
 ing or pacifying. " This fenfe firft gentle 
 njufic found," Davies. 
 
 GENTLE, S. a perfon of a good family ; 
 a gentleman. " Gentles, methinksyou frown." 
 Sbak. A kind of worm fomewhat like a 
 maggot, ufed for a bait in fi/hing, 
 
 GEN'TLEFOLK, S. perfons diflinguiflied, 
 by their birth, from the vulgar. 
 
 GEN'TLEMAN, S. [of gentk, from gen- 
 til, Fr. and wan, thus we meet with gentil- 
 tomme, Fr. gcnt]lhuen:o, Ital. ;. e. homo genti- 
 iis, Lat. j a perfon of a good family ; one 
 laifed above the vulgar ; a perfon who, to a 
 good birth, and affluent fortune, has joined 
 the qualifications of polite addrefs, and a vir- 
 tuous condudl. 
 
 GEN'TLENESS, S. foftnefs, mildnefs ; 
 fweetnefs, ^ 
 
 GEN/TLEVVOMAN, S. a woman of 
 birth, or one fuperior to the vulgar, both in 
 wealth and behaviour. 
 
 GEN'TLY, Adv. foftly ; flowly ; kindly. 
 
 GEN'TRY, S. [from gentle, whence ^fn- 
 tlery contracted to gentry] a rank of perlons 
 between the nobility and the vulgar. 
 
 GE'NUFLEXION, S. [Fr. of genu, Lat. 
 a knee, zndjleSio, Lat. to bendj trie aft of 
 bending the knee j worfhip, or adoration ex 
 preded by bending the knee. 
 
 GE'NUJNE, Adj. {genuinus, Lat.] pure, 
 cr without any fpurious mi.xturc ; natural; 
 true ; real. 
 
 GE'NUINELY, Adv. without adulierati- 
 on } naturally. 
 
 GE'NUINENESS, S. freedom from any 
 thing counterfeit, or from any adulteration j 
 purity! 
 
 GENUS, S. [Lat.] in Logic, a clafs of 
 beings, or one common nature agreeing to, 
 and ccmpreheoding under it many (peci;'s> 
 
 GEO 
 
 or feveral other common natures ; thus ttnU 
 tnjl, is z genus, becaufe it agrees to, and com- 
 prehends under it, the feveral fpccies of men, 
 hor^'cs, whales, lions, (S^c. Logicians diftin- 
 guifh it into jummum and Jubabernum. Ir» 
 Botany, a fyftem or aflemblage of feveral 
 plants agreeing in fome one or more common 
 charaflers, in refpeil to certain parts, where- 
 by they are dillinguifhed from all other 
 plants. 
 
 GEO'GENTRIC, Adj. {geocentnque, Fr. 
 from yyf, Gr. the earth, and xsvt^ov, Gr. a 
 center] in Aftronomy, having the fame cen- 
 ter with the earth. 
 
 GEOD^E'SIA, S. [geoJeJIe, Fr. ysoh.nriA, 
 of J'H, the earth, and Jaia, Gr. to divide] 
 that part of praftical geometry, which teaches 
 to meafure furfaces, and to find the contents 
 of all plane fiijiires. 
 
 GEOD.^'TICAL, A<^j. relatmg to the 
 art of meafuring land or furfaces. 
 
 GEO'GRAPHER, S. [ge^grcph, Fr. of 
 yr>, the earth, and y^afv, Gr. to defcribcj' 
 one who can defcribe the earth according to 
 the pofnion of its feveral parts, and is Ikilled 
 both in making maps, the ufe of the globes^ 
 and the fituation and extent of the feveral 
 countries in the world. 
 
 GEOGRA'PHICAL, Adj. [geograph'qut, 
 Fr.] belonging to geography. 
 
 GEOGRA'PHICaLLY, Aiv. In the 
 manner, or according to the rules of geo- 
 graphv. 
 
 GE'OGRAPHY, S. In a firia fenfe, the 
 knowledge of the circles of theeaithly globe, 
 and the fituation of the various countries on 
 its fuifacc. In a more extenfive fenfe, it takes 
 in a knowledge of the feas alfo ; and in its 
 larpeft fenfe, a knowledge of the various 
 cufloms, habits, and governments of nations ; 
 the figures, magnitude, motion, and the 
 different flrata and produft, of its foil ; the 
 various animals of different countries ; their 
 climates, feafons, heat, -weather, together 
 with the art of hying their various appear- 
 ances down in maps, charts, &c. 
 
 GEO'LOGY, S. [from yy., the earth and 
 >.oy^, Gr. adifcourfe] the doflrine or know- 
 ledge of the natuie and ftate of the e»r!h. 
 
 GEO'MANCER, S. one who pretends to 
 tell future events. 
 
 GEO'M ANTIC, Adj. belonging to geo- 
 j mancv, or formed by a geomancer. 
 
 CEO'METER, S. [geometre, Fr. j-n, the 
 earth, and ijht^bv, Gr. to meafure] one ikill- 
 ed in the principles of geometry. 
 
 GEO'METRAL, Adj. [Fr.] pertaining or 
 relating to gei.metry, 
 
 GE'GMETRJC, or GEOMET-'RICAL, 
 Adj. [geometnque, Ft. ym/.iBT^tx'^, Gr.J be- 
 longing to, prelciibed, laid down by, or dif- 
 poled accordine to the principles of geometry. 
 GEO'METRICALLY, Adv. according to 
 the rules of geometiv. 
 GEOMETRI'CiAn, S. See Cemeter. 
 
 To
 
 G E R 
 
 ToGEO'METRIZE, V. N. [j/ii',ue!;-£«, 
 Gr. j to perfoi m or aft according to the prin- 
 ciples of geome;ry. " Confined herfclf to 
 geemeirixey Boy'e, 
 
 GEO'METRY, S. [gcon-.etrie, Fr, of -/», 
 the eaiih, and /xiT^ja, Ur. meafure] the art 
 of meafuring the earth, or any diftances 
 thereon : at prefent ufed for the fcience of 
 quantity, extenfion, or magnitude, confider- 
 ed in themfehes, and without any regard to 
 matter. It is divided into fpeculati've and 
 fraSikal. 
 
 GEO'RGE, S. [pronounced Jorge, Geor- 
 ?lus, Lat.J the figure of Sr. George on horfe- 
 back, worn by the knights of the garter as 
 an enfign of their order. 
 
 GEOR'GIC, S. [georgi^ue, Fr. of j/m, the 
 earth, and ^eyrj, Gr. workj feme part of the 
 fcience uf hufbindry put into a pleafing drefs, 
 and fet off with ail the beauties and embel- 
 liihmer.ts of po^^try, 
 
 GER'FALCON, S. a bird of prey, in (ize 
 between a vulture and a hawk, and of the 
 greateft fl:renerh next to the eagle. Bulky. 
 
 GER'MAN, S. Igenra'.n, Fr. gcrmanus, 
 Lat.J a bro.ther J 0ne approaching to a bro- 
 ther in iiearnefs of^ tisod ; generally applied 
 to the children of brothers and fillers, who 
 are called ccujim gentians. 
 
 GE'RM AN, Adj. [gcrmanus, Lat.] related, 
 *' Thofe that -arc gcrman to him, though fifty 
 times removed." ^hak. 
 
 GERMA'NDER, S. [germanJre, Fr,] in 
 Pbtaqy, a plant, called in Latin, teucr'tam, 
 from K. Teucer, who was the firft that 
 jbrought it into ufe. 
 
 GER'MANY, empire of, a very confi- 
 derable country of vaft extent, and the 
 fcene of m<iny great actions, whofe affairs 
 are interwoven with thofe of every nation in 
 \. Europe. Germany is bounded on the W. 
 by the dominions of France and the Low- 
 Countries, from which it is feparated by the 
 rivers Rhine, Mofelle, and Maefe ; on thr 
 E. by Poland and Hungary, including Bohe- 
 mia j 0.1 the N. by Denmark and the Baltic 
 fea ; and on the S. by Switzerland, the do- 
 minions of the ftate of Venice, and the Alps, 
 which divide it from Italy. It lies betv^een 
 lat. 45 deg. 12 min. and ^5 deg. N. and be- 
 tween long. 6 deg. and 19 deg. 45 min. be- 
 ing from N. to S. that is, from Strahlfund 
 in Pomerania, to the frontiers of Carniola 
 and Iftri.i, 6ooEnpliih miles; and in breadth, 
 from the town of Spa in the W. to the con- 
 fines of Poland in ttc E. about 500. It is 
 faid to be three times and a half larger than 
 England, a filth bigger than France, and as 
 large as Poland and Sweden. Germany is 
 modly level towards the N. and E. the foil 
 being a barren fand, or m^rfhy. On the 
 S. it is incumbered with the Alps ; but in 
 the midland is an intermixture of hills ami 
 dales, corn fields, and meadow-grounds, e(- 
 pecialljr on ths banks of its liveis, namely, 
 
 G E R 
 
 the Rhine, Danube, feV. where the air Ts at. 
 lb very temperate ; but the northern parts 
 are cold, and conlequently Icfs fruitl'iil. The 
 feafons are more conftant and regular here 
 than i.i the countries which confine on, or 
 lie in the ocean. In thofe provinces next 
 the fea, gnd abounding with lakes and rivers, 
 there is plenty of rain ; in other parts are 
 fometimes fo];fiderab)e droughts. The N. 
 wind from the Baltic and Sweden brings 
 froft and fnow j the eafierii bla.ls, ct^ming 
 over a va.l continent from China and Japan, 
 bring dry unhealthy weather 3 but t.ie S. 
 \V. wind, as with us, is the rrioft ficquenc 
 and falubrious that blow.s in Gernnany, In 
 general, this country and Poland are like 
 Great-Britain both in climate and foil. B-- 
 fides great plenty of corn, caitle, fhe:-p, wool, 
 cloth, horfes, fiili, &c. the earth aliqrds alfo 
 metals and minerals, as iron, bitumen, ochre, 
 copper, tin, lead, and filver i;i fome place;, 
 alum, viiriol, quickfilvcr, felt, coal, ^c. 
 Though in fome parts hilly, it is no whers 
 mountainous, except towards the S. and S. 
 W, where the Alps and fome mountains in 
 Alface fer\c as bulwarks againft Italy, and 
 France. The forefts and waftes yield plen- 
 ty of wcod for fuel and building, wild fo'•^"^, 
 all forts of venifon, (^c. They alfo feed 
 vaft numbers of hojs, and the Ardcnne io- 
 reft good mutton. The rivers and lakes 
 abound in variety of good fifli. The orchards 
 are full ot common tiuit-trees; and in th^ 
 louthern provinces there is plenty of the 
 more delicate fort, The^ have rich wines, 
 of which, partrcularly of Rhenifii and Mo- 
 felle, vafl quantities are exported. The very 
 mountains of the Alpo, on the German fide, 
 are in many places cultivated to the top, 
 and the valleys abound with paflures and 
 vineyards ; fo that ro country h"s fo great a 
 variety of every thing conducive to the com- 
 forts of life ; and would have ftill more pro- 
 duifls, and in greater perfedtion, weie there 
 due encouragement for hulbandry, and their 
 great men were not fo exceffively fond of fo- 
 reign luxury, particularly wines j fo that 
 Germany exports lefs, and imports more, 
 than any other country perh::p! in the worjd. 
 Though the wines in many parts ot Gemu- 
 ny are rich enough, others are f.-iall mi, 
 /ha.-p : and where no wines are, they hav« 
 exiellcnt beer. The trade of the ciiiis oa 
 the Rhine and Mofelle confiftj p incipalljr 
 in wood, corn, wine, and oil : but tlie traf- 
 fic of mod of them have failed fincc the ef- 
 Jablifliment of the Dutch republic. The chief 
 commodities which we have fr>im them aic 
 linen, diaper, and damaflc, of wliich many 
 thoiifand ells are im^'oned every week by 
 I he way of Hamburgh, They have alfo 
 from us, confiderable' quantities of buttons, 
 bukles, fciflars, and the like trinkets, 
 with which Nuremburg and Au^'fb irg for- 
 merly fuoplicd, not only Giraiany, but 
 
 like-
 
 G E R 
 
 G E n 
 
 likewife England, and mod ether countries, which waters are imported Into Engl^QtJ ^ 
 
 Our waiches, though the Germans aie I'o 
 famous for deck work, and once folely in 
 poficlfion of it, they prefer to their own. 
 5>everal places of this country, tha: lay wafte 
 formerly, are now improved by tillage, m. ■ 
 nufa£lures, and trade car:icd on by compa 
 nles of French prottftantj, who have letrled 
 here fince the revocation of the cdift of 
 Nantz. Their rivers, pariicuhirly the Rhiif; 
 yield gold-duft niiced with the fand. '1 he 
 money of moft nations in Europe is current 
 here, and goes at a good value ; the moft 
 common gold coin are Louis-d'ors and du 
 cats. The rix-dollar, which is true flerlinj, 
 IS equal to 43* 6d. Englifii ; a German florii 
 it equal to our half crown ; a fpecie crown 
 anfwers totheEnglifh crown, but a crown 
 current only to 3s. 6d. No country h.s 
 fuch a variety of coin, and tbit dipt and a- 
 dulterated, as Germany j which is no fmali 
 difadvantage to trade, and very fenfibly finks 
 the value of land. Every circle in Germany 
 has mines of vitriol and fulphur, like coal- 
 jpits ; But thefe are feldom above twenty fa- 
 thoms deep, and their copper mines feldom 
 above forty, the produce of which may be 
 about 2oo,oool. two ihirdS'of which are ex- 
 ported unwrought. The tin mines here are 
 reckoned the beft in the wor'd, and thofe of 
 iron and lead, inferior only to the S vedifh. 
 Their iron is much better th^n the EnglHh, 
 and near moft of their mines are forges for 
 cafting guns, &ۥ at which the Germans are 
 very expert. In Germany, and but feldom 
 any where elfe, is found that fort of earth 
 called terra fglUata, or lemnia, as being 
 brought from the ifle of Lemnos. It is a 
 hard earth, with white, yellow, or red veins, 
 faid to be an antidote againft poifons. In 
 Bavaria, Tyrol, Liege, &c. are good marble- 
 quarries. And for all kinds of precious ftones, 
 this country furpafles moft others in Europe. 
 A remarkable natural curiofi'.y, peculiar to 
 Germany, is the fchiefFerftein, a blackifh 
 glittering kind of ftone, or Hit, which melt- 
 ed and brayed, yields copper and fome filver. 
 No country in Europe, perhaps in the whole 
 world, has fo many noble river?', t'ne pr>n 
 cipal of which are the Danube, Rhine, iVIo- 
 felle,Maefe,Elb, Oder, Wefer, Aller, Maine, 
 and IriB, oV. by all which an immenfe trade 
 might be carried on, were the induftry of the 
 inhabitants equal to their natural advantages. 
 Wiih regard to falutary fountains and baih?, 
 there are not fo many in all Europe as in 
 Germany alone, there being no part of the 
 country without them ; fo that there are rec- 
 koned to be about 1000 fpiings of acid waters 
 only ; fome hot, fome cold, and others that 
 are both hot and cold at diticrcnt times. ^ Ol 
 the hot ipriiigs there are innumerable fpecies 5 
 but of the ve:y cold there are not many. 
 Thti'e fprifig from their mountains ; and the 
 belt are thofe at Pyrmont, great quantities ot 
 
 alfo the Diediciial waters at Baden, Aix-la 
 Chajielle, C£.'f. 1 he Germans cla'm the inJ 
 vcntion of printing ; but this the Dutcii 
 cowteft vith them : this however was found 
 out in the year 1440. The invention pf 
 ■ Ui^uowder is proo^bly iheiis, by friar 
 Barthold Sc-hwarvz : a cbemical preparatioa 
 mixed with falt-petre and brimftone in a cru- 
 cible, accidentally catching fire, gave him 
 the hint. This happened about 1330; though 
 lome of our Englifh writers fay, that friar 
 Roger Bacon of Oxford invented it an hun- 
 dred years before. They in general are al- 
 lowed to be excellent mechanics and chemifts t 
 "et among the latter have arofe feveral pre- 
 teiders to the grand elixir or magiftery j the 
 lalf.ty of whole claims to th..t difcovery hath 
 been often publickly dece£led : as among the 
 forme.-, feveral projedtors have pretended to 
 have found out the perpetual motion ; but 
 that has been found to be an impofition alfo. 
 They have brought clock-work, watches, 
 Ivvords, locks, and fire-arms, to a very great 
 perfeftion. The manufsftures of tin-plates, 
 or that commonly called white-iron, they 
 hiive entirely monopolized. They are reput- 
 ed good painters, engravers, enamellers, cha- 
 fers, or relievo-figure workers, and engineers. 
 Their foreign trade they carry on by the ri- 
 vers above-mentioned, and the Baltic, more 
 particularly from Hamburgh, Lubsck, Bre- 
 men, Stetin, &c. and by land with Italy, 
 Switzerland, France, and Holland. The 
 Germans in general are warlike, robuft, 
 hardy, and brave, well-fhaped, tall, and ftur- 
 dy 5 and both gentry and commonalty are 
 very fond of the army. Their country is 
 often the feat of war, as in 1762, the men 
 covering the face of it like legions of locufts, 
 in the numerous bodies and combined ftrength 
 of the Empire, France, Auftria, Sweden, Ruf- 
 lia, t^c.'agaiaft the King of PrufTia, and his 
 .lilies of England, Hanover, Hefle, Brunfwic, 
 &c. The clergy are generally good fcholars, 
 folemn prcichers, and folid writers, particu- 
 larly in morality or divinity, though fome- 
 tirnes too prolix j and th y are affable to 
 ilrangers. 
 
 GERME, S. [Yi.gemien, Lat.] a fprout 
 or fhoot ; that part which grows and fpreads. 
 In Botany that part of a flower or plant which 
 contains the feed. 
 
 GER'MEN, S. {germen, Lat. J a young 
 fprout or fhoot ; a fhooting or fprouting feed. 
 " All verniers fplit at once." Shak. 
 
 To GER'MINaTE. V. N. [germinatus, 
 of germtKO, Lat.] to fprout, bud, fhoot, or 
 grow. 
 
 GERMINA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 fhooting or fprouting 5 growth. 
 
 GE'RUND, S. [gerundium, Lat. gerondif, 
 
 Fr. J in the Latin gramm<ir, a verbal noun 
 
 t-'^di.Tg in d'ty do, and dum, or governing cafes 
 
 like a verb. In Englifli, we iiave no terunds. 
 
 GES'TA-
 
 en o 
 
 feESTA'TiONj S. [gspiict ^at.] the 
 lift of bearing the voling in the \Vomb. 
 
 To GESTl-'CULATEj V. N. fgefticulatas, 
 bi g^'fikulofy hit. gi-Jiiculer, Fr.j to make odd 
 gefture: ; to play antic tricks. 
 
 GESTll'CULATiON, S. [Fr. gejiicuiaito, 
 Lat.j the throwing the afms and limbs about 
 in odd and antic poftures ; an odd pofturei 
 
 GESTURE, S. [gejie, Fr. gejius, Lat.j 
 the poftures or attitudes expreflive ot a per- 
 fon's fentiments ; any movenaent or motion 
 of the body. 
 
 To GE'STURE, V. N. to accompany 
 one's delivery with aftion, attitude, or mo- 
 tion of the body. " It is not orderly read, 
 nor ^£/?;/r?^as befeeiWeth." Hooker, 
 
 To GJET, V. A. to procure, or acquire ; 
 to obtain by force or feizure } to attain by 
 fuccefs ; to win ; to poffefs ; to beget j to 
 acquire; to gain j to earn by labour and 
 pams ; to learn; " Get by heart the more 
 common and ufeful words." Watti. To get off, 
 to fell or difpole of by fome artifice or expe- 
 dient. To get in, tofoiceor find a paff-ige. 
 To bcif me by ;iny a£> whdt one was not be- 
 fore. " Bathes «nc1 ^f/j drunk." Diyd. To 
 get off, to efcjpe Hanger. To get over, to fur 
 jmcun;, or conquer j to extricate one's felf 
 from any ob(?acle or impediment which bin- 
 ders tfom artion, or involves the mind in prr- 
 plexiry. To get up, to rife from a Cen, or a bed. 
 
 GET'TER, Si one tnat procures or obtains 
 tone whi) begers. 
 
 GE PTING) S. the ;><£> of obtaimng. Ih 
 Commerce, gain ot profit. 
 
 GEW'GaW, S. [givaghaw, Brit, to be 
 fempty, Gegaf, trifles) a fho^^y, emoty trifle] 
 a bauble, or fplendid nlay thing. 
 
 GEW'GAW, Adj. fplendidly trifling ; 
 though fhoivv and gaudy, yet of no value. 
 
 GHAS'TFUL, Ad;, [o'i gaji, Sax. and/a/, 
 Sax.] dreary , oilmal ; melancholy. 
 
 GHAST'LINESS, S. horror appearing 
 on the countenance } difmal palenefs ; like a 
 ghoft. 
 
 GHAST'LY, Adj. like a ghoft ; with hor- 
 ror and dread painted on the countenance : 
 dreadful; horrible; /hocking. 
 
 GHASTNESS, S. \Szt gbajlilincfs.] "Do 
 ■you perceive the ghafnefs of the eye." Shak. 
 
 GHER'KIN, S. fgurckc, Teut. a cucum- 
 ber] a pickled cucumber." Skinner. 
 
 GHOST, S. Igaji, Sax. a foul, fpeftre, 
 or fpirit. 'Ghe_,^, Belg. gryji, Teut.j the foul 
 of man ; a fpirit or fpeftre, feen after the 
 death of a perfon. When joined with holy, 
 it implies the third perfon of the Holy Tri- 
 nity, (5therwife termed the Spirit, as this word 
 like wife fignifies. To giz'C tip the ghoji, is to 
 expire ; to die ; or to yield our foul into the 
 hands of him that gave it. 
 
 To GHOST, V. A. to appear to a perfon 
 
 after death ; to haunt. " Julius CxCar- 
 
 who at Philippi, the good Brutus p-/.o?.i." 
 
 GHO'StLINESs, S. fpiritualnefi ; tke 
 <lua!itv reiat ng to the fpirit or to the foul. | 
 
 GHO/STL.Y, Adj. fpiritua!, or relating to 
 the foul. 
 
 GI'ANT, S. \geant, '^x. gig&i, Sax. LaC. 
 and Gr. of j/u, tOe earth, and, ysvvaa*, Gr. 
 to beget, being ufually called the fons of the 
 earth] a peifon of uncommon height of fta- 
 I fture ; it is noted that the ideas of pride, 
 brutality, and wickcdnefs, are afll^iciated with 
 this word, both in out own language and that 
 of fcriptiire. 
 
 Gl'ANTESS, S. [of giant, and tffe, a f«. 
 rtiinine termination from the Saxons j a womaa 
 ot more than natural hi-'ight ; a woman taller 
 than the rsft of her fex naturally are. 
 
 GI.ANT LIKE, or GIANTLY, Ad]. 
 refembling a giant in tillnefs ; any thing of 
 enormous bulk, or exceeding great. 
 
 To GIE'BER, V. N. [from jahher, ac- 
 coiding to JuhnfonJ to fpeakinan inarticulate 
 or unintelligiale manner. 
 
 GiB'^BERiSH, S. cant: the private lan- 
 guage of rogues, gypfies, ^c. Words derived 
 from no language, and having no meaning. 
 
 GIB'EET, S. lVugu\beta,\ Ital. a gallows; 
 or a crols-poft whereon malefadors are exe- 
 cuted, or hung in chains ; any perpendicular 
 beams croffsd at the top. 
 
 To GIB'BET, V. A. to hang or expofe 
 on a gibbet ; to hang upon a beam, which 
 crofles another, ftanding upright. ' 
 
 GIBBO'SITY, S. Igibbofite, Fr.] the 
 quality of nfing in a bump, or a protuberance, 
 above toe reft of a furface ; a prominence ; 
 convexity. «' The ^i/i/^s/ry of the interjacent 
 water " Ray. 
 
 GIB'BOJS, S. [gvbeux, Fr. gibbus, Lat.j 
 fweiling or riling a.-ove the other parts of a 
 furtice ; convex; rifingin knobs. 
 
 To GIBE, V. N [gaber, old Fr.] to fneer 
 in a contemptuous manner ; to deride j to 
 mock ; to treat with fcorn ; to taunt 
 
 ^^SE. S. a taunt ; fneer, or expreflion of 
 ridicule joined with contempt. 
 
 GIBER, S. a Ineererj one who ridicules 
 or fiieers ar another. 
 
 Gl BINGLY, Adv. In a contemptuous 
 ridiculing, or fneerine manner. 
 
 GIB'LET, S. [gibwt, Sax. J theofl^al parts 
 of a fswl, particularly thofe of a duck or 
 goofe, which are cut off before they are 
 roafted, confifting of the head or neck, part ' 
 of the wings, gizzard, heart, liver, and legs. 
 GIB'RALTAR, S. a famous fea-port and 
 fortrefsof Andalufia, in Spain, at the mouth 
 of the Streights of its name, lymg between 
 the Atlantic ocean, and the Mediterraneaa 
 fea. The Moors call it Gebel-Tarif that is, 
 the mount of Tarif, a Moorifh general, who 
 about the eighth century landed here, with 
 three African princes, in order to conquer 
 Spain ; from which its prel'ent name feems 
 compounded. It is the Calpe or Calpia of 
 the antients, as being fituated at the foot of 
 
 the
 
 G I B 
 
 the famous mountain of that name, tbe 
 wtftern boundary of the earth, or the place 
 where Hercules put up one of his pillars, and 
 fixteen miieiN. of Avjla or Ceuta, the other, 
 on the oppofite fhore of Africa. The rown 
 of Gibraltar is neither large nor beautiful ; 
 yet on account ot its fortifications is reckon- 
 ed the key of Spain, and is furnifhed wiih 
 the necelTary artillery for its defence. It i.- 
 built upon a rock, in a peninfula, to which, 
 on the hnd-fide, is only a narrow pafTage be- 
 tween the rock and the fea, but that walled 
 and fortified both by ait and nature, being 
 there fo indofed by high fteep hills, as to be 
 almoft inacceiTible that way. It hath but 
 two gates on that fide, and as many tov/aros 
 the fea. Acrofs this Ifihmus the Spaniards 
 have drawn a fortified line, in order to pre 
 vent the garrifon of Gibraltar from having 
 any intercourfe with the country : yet they 
 carry on a clandeftine trade. Its harbour is 
 formed by a bulwark properly fortified. In 
 July, 1704, the confederate fleet of thsEng 
 
 G I L 
 
 I'everal notorious oppreflions have bjen cnm- 
 mittei by our militny governors of Gibral- 
 tar, who ufed to exadl, and do what they 
 plea'ei], rhc parlisTient, after a narrow in-- 
 i| e£tion into the aft\ir, have ereded the town 
 intii a body corporate, the civil power bein^ 
 nnw lodged in its nnagiftrates. "It lies forty 
 miles S. W. of Cadiz, and eighty S. of Se- 
 ville. Lit. 36 deg. 21 min. N, long. 6 deg. 
 13 min. W. 
 
 GID'DILY, Adv. the appearance of 
 external things turning round, though at 
 reft, with a fvvimrr.ing in the head. Figu- 
 ratively, without fteadinefj, or forethought } 
 ra!hly. 
 
 GID'DY, Adj. Ighl-, Sax.] having a 
 fw'mming in th? head, whereby external 
 things, though at refl, feem to tern round; 
 changeable ; inccnftant ; unfteady 5 heedlefs ; 
 ebted too much with foccefs or praife. 
 
 GID'DY- BRAINED, Adj. carelefs 9 
 thoughtlefs ; raili ; or undertaking a thing 
 without weighing its confequences. 
 
 lifli and Dutch, under the command of Sir 
 George Rooke, after bombarding the town 
 for two days, obliged the matquis de Salines, 
 who was then the governor, to furrender. 
 The Spaniards attempted its recovery that 
 fame year, when it flood out a memoiab'e 
 fiege under the prince of Hefle Darmftadt. 
 Upon which occafion about 4 cr 500 of the 
 enemy having in the night crept up the rock 
 ■which covers the town, were driven down 
 headlong next niorning. The Spaniards 
 finding that neither fieges nor negotiations 
 availed any thing, ceded it to Great- Britain 
 by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. They a- 
 gain made an aneinpt in 1727; hut were 
 obliged to raife the fiege, after lying before 
 It feveral inonths. At this time they at- 
 tempted to blow up the rock, but found it 
 impracticable ; and to this day it contir.ues 
 in the pcfTelTion of the Engliih. Since that 
 tisne it has been more ftrcngly fortified, new 
 works and improverpents being daily added 
 to it ; fo that the place js rendered impreg- 
 nable by any other means, than treachery 
 or furprize (for ftarved it cannot be, whilfl 
 our fleet can fupply 'n).\ Hence the Spaniards 
 only become ridiculous in attempting it by 
 formal fieges. Here are people of all nations, 
 as Turks, Jews, and Moors. The garrifon 
 is confined within very narrow limits, the 
 ground of which prcduces hardly any thing ; 
 fo that all their provifions are brought them 
 either from England, or from Ceuta on the 
 Barbary coafl. The road of Gibraltar is 
 neither fafe againft an enemy nor Hcrms, 
 and is not convenient for rclitiing of vefiels, 
 though they may be laid 011 their fides for 
 careening. The ftreights are twenty-fi.ur 
 miles long, and about fifteen broad ; through 
 which f»ts a curient frcm the Atlantic ocean 
 into the Mediterranean, and for the ftem- 
 
 ming of it, a bii/k gale is required. Since face of any body with gold ; a coin valued 
 
 from 
 
 GID'DY-HEADED,Adj.withoutthought, 
 cau'ion, fteadinefs, or conftancy. 
 
 GID'DV-PACED, Adj. moving like one 
 that has a fwimming in the head ; rafh ; heed- 
 lefs ; thoughtlefs. ':' Of thefe more brifk 
 ind gidJy paad t\aii:s," Sbak. 
 
 GIFT, S. [Sax.' glof, Ifl. gafa, Run.] 
 fornethinj bellowed on another without price 
 or exchange ; the aft of giving. When ap- 
 plied to the Deity, an offering, or oblation. 
 Any power, or peculiar talent and faculty, fq 
 called becaufe given, or implanted in pur 
 nature, not acquired by aft. *' He who has 
 the f//t cr ridicule." S/jeSi, No. 291. 
 
 Gif'TED, Adj. given, or bellowed ; not 
 acquired by labour. '' With my heaven gifted 
 ftrength." Mi!;. Endpwed with extraordi- 
 nary powers. 
 
 GIG, S. [h:gf!, Teut. hghel, Belg.aball,] 
 a fmall top made of horn, which is kept 
 fpinning by whipping it with a thong. 
 
 GIGAN'TIC, S. [gigantis, genitive of 
 g'gcis, Lat.] refcrabiing a giant ; of an enor- 
 mous fizs. Figuratively, exceedingly wicked. 
 ^o GIG'GLE, V. N. [the ^ is pro- 
 nounced hard] to be inclined to laugh j ip 
 laugh at trifles. 
 
 GIG'LER, S. [thesis pronounced hard] 
 one who burfts into laughter at the leaft 
 L.'ifle ; one verv much inclined to laughter. 
 
 GIG'LET, S. [gcag.'. Sax. geyf, Beif. gi'- 
 !ct, Scot.J a wanton, lafcivious girl. " To 
 be the pillage of a |-.-^fo wench." Shah, . 
 
 GKGOT, S. [?:. gigotto, Ital.] the hip 
 joint. 
 
 To GILD, V. A. [preter g^UcJ,,(yc glh] 
 to wjffii over with liquid, or cover with lea ~ 
 gold ; to brighten. 7a gild oi^cr, to recom- 
 mend a thing, or hide its defers by fome ad- 
 ditional ornament. 
 
 GILDER, S. one who covers the fur-
 
 G I N 
 
 from one (hilling and fix pence to two fliIU!ng!= 
 irvm ghie/d, Din.gelJ, Teut. ir.oney. 
 
 GILDING, S. gold hid or ftutk on any 
 furface, by way of ornament j the adt ot co 
 vering with gold. 
 
 GILL, S. [^;7, Ifl. a cleft, or chink, aga!- 
 la, Span, gula, Lat.j the apertures on each 
 fide of the head of a fiili, which they breaths 
 through infiead of their mouths. The rect 
 flap which hangs down from Uie be^k of a 
 fowl i or flefhy excrefcence under the chin of 
 a man ; a liquid mealure, containing the 
 fourth part ol a pint ; a woman or temale 
 companion. " Each ^aC/4 with his ^iV/." Ben 
 Jovjon. In Botany, the plant calli-d ground- 
 ivy. Likewife ale wherein ground-ivy hath 
 been fteeped. 
 
 GIL'LV-FLOWER, S. [corrupted from 
 'July -fioivtr , focdlled Irom the month it blows 
 inj in Botany, the d'lanihui, under which ge- 
 nus are included pinks, carnations, and the 
 fweet-william. 
 
 GILT, S. [from gild\ gold laid on any 
 furface. Figuratively, golden /hew or fple.i 
 dor. *' When thou wail in thy gilt ind 
 thy perfume." 
 
 GILT, Part, of ^iW. 
 GIM, Adj. \_gim. Sax. a jewel, or pre- 
 cious Hone] neat ; fpruce ; well dreffed j an 
 ■ old word, which feems now reviving. 
 
 GIM'CRACK, or GliVICRANK, S. any 
 machine more curious than uiet'ul. 
 
 GIM'LET, S. a borer with a kind of worm 
 er fcrew a: the end. 
 
 GIM'MER, S. [See Gimmal] a movement^ 
 a part of a machine ; machinery. " The 
 gi)7'.-i:ers of the woiid hold together, not 
 Jo much by geometiy, as natural magic." 
 More. 
 
 GiMP, S. a kind of filk-t will, or open hce. 
 
 GIN, S. j contradled from engine] a trap or 
 
 fnare ; a pump worked by wheels ; a diflilled 
 
 liquor drawn from juniper- berries, &c, con- 
 
 trafted from Ger.e-oa. 
 
 GIN'GER, S. \gtr.gcro, xcizero, gengif.r^ 
 Six. gengebro, or zenz,erc, IvA. gir.gembre, fr. 
 zinziber, Lat] an aromatic root, of a yellow 
 colour, a very hot and pungent tafte, ul'ed in 
 cookery as a fpice, by apothecaries as a medi- 
 cine. In Botany, it is filled by Linnaius 
 the amov.-Am. 
 
 GIN'GKREREAD, S. a kind of bread 
 made of flour fweeiencd with treacle, and 
 mixed with ginger and aromatic feeds. 
 
 GIN'GERLY, Adv. [g'ngre, Sjx. younger; 
 becaufe weaker than thofe who are more ad- 
 vanced in years] in a fort, tender, cautious, 
 and llow manner. 
 
 GIN'GERNESS, S. c?,utIon, tendernefs, 
 or flightnefs in hintiling, for fear of hurting 
 or (oiling : niccnefs. 
 
 GIN'GIVAL, Adj. [glngrja, Lat. the 
 gums] belonging to the gmiis. *' The ex- 
 clulivc sppul'e^ efpecisliy '.he gingi-rja!," HJ. 
 
 G I R 
 
 To GIN'GLE, V. N. [formed from the 
 found] to have a fiiarp^noife, applied to that 
 made by feveral pieces ot money Ihook toge- 
 ther ; to fliake pieces of money or metal toge- 
 ther, fo as to make them found. 
 
 GIN'GLE, S. the found made by feveral 
 pieces of money or metal fhook together ; 
 the lound made by feveral words or periods 
 ending with the fame letters or fyllabks. 
 
 GIN'NET, S. [y.iy^, Gr.] a nag, a muicy ' 
 or degenerated breed. From hence fome derive 
 hut erroneoufly, a Spanifh gennet, improperly 
 written for ginr.et. 
 
 GINGL'YMUS, S. [Lat. yiy^WfA.'^, Gr. 
 a hinge] in Anatomy, a kind of articulation, 
 or joint, whofe motion refembles that of a 
 hinge. 
 
 GIP'SY, S. [corrupted from Egyptian] a 
 vagabond, of a natural particular dark com- 
 plexion, who pretends to tell future events 
 by palmeftry or phyfiognomy. figuratively 
 uled to imply a perfon of a dark complexion j 
 or a woman of great craftinefs and cunning. 
 
 GIRA'SOLE, S. \glrajy, Fr.] in Botany, 
 the herb turnfole. In Jewelling, the opal 
 (tone. 
 
 To GIRD, V, A. {^rtlzr girded ; or gin'] 
 To bind round ; to fatten by binding round ; 
 to invert-, or clothe ; to inclofe ; to incircie j 
 " The Nyfcian ifle — girt with the river Tri- 
 ton." Par. Rig. 
 
 GIRD, S. actwitch, or pang, alluding to 
 the pai.T or fenfation caufed by a girdle drawn 
 tight on a fudden. " Confcience by this means 
 is treed from many itiduX girds aad twinges, 
 which the atheift feels." ■T'dlorJ, 
 
 GIR'DER, S. in Architedure, the iargeS 
 piece of timber on a floor ; its ends are laft- 
 ened into the furrmers or brcait-fummers, 
 and fupport the joills, which art framed into 
 It. 
 
 GIR'DLE, S. {gerdl, gyrdl, Sax. gerdel, 
 Belg. guriel, Teut.J any thing or bandage 
 drawn round the waift, and tied or buckled j 
 an inclofure or circumference. " Within the 
 girdle of thde walls." SLtk. The equator, 
 agreat circle furrour.ding the world fke a 
 girdle. " Under zht girdle of tht world.''' Buc. 
 To GIR'DLE, V. A. to encompafs aftd 
 furround as with a girdle. "The gentle babes 
 girdling one another." Sbak, To inclofe, 
 *ut in, or environ. " O thoa wall — thac 
 gird'efl in thofe wolves." Shak. 
 
 GiR/DL£BELT, S. a belt worn round the 
 waift, 
 
 GIR'DLER, S. one who makes belts or 
 girdles. 
 
 GIRL, S. a young female, or woman ; 
 applied to one who is playful, giddy, and > 
 thoughtlefs, not arrived to years of difcretion, 
 or not ailing with that referve which a perfon 
 of difcretion ought. 
 
 GIR'LISH, Adj. like a girl, or one who 
 is not arrived to yesrs of difcretion j wanton, 
 playful; or giddy, 
 
 GIR'LISHLY,
 
 G L A 
 
 _ GIR'LISHLY, Adj. in a wanton, playful, 
 giddy, or thoughtlefs manner, applied to fe- 
 males. 
 
 GIRT, participle paflive of Gird. 
 
 To GIRT, V. A, [from ghd. Johnfon 
 fays it is an improper wordj to gird ; to fur- 
 round or encircle. 
 
 GIRT, S. [from girt, the verb, ot gird, 
 gurt, Belg.j ? band wliirh goes under or 
 round a horfe's belly, and faftens the faddle, 
 or a burthen on its back. In Surgery, a cir- 
 cular bandage with a bolder in the middle. 
 " The moft common bandage is by that of 
 thtgirtJ"' Wijern. 
 
 GIRTH, S. [from gi>-d, the verb] the 
 band by which the faddle is faftened upon a 
 horfe ; the circumference or meafure of a 
 psrfon's waift. 
 
 To GIRTH, V. A. to put on or bind with 
 a girth. 
 
 To GIVE, V. A. [preter. gave, participle 
 paflive, fiw«] to prefent, or confer on an- 
 other without receiving any thing in ex- 
 change ; to tranfmit, communicate, or im- 
 part from one's felf to another by hand, 
 fpeech, or writing j to aflign ; to put into a 
 perfon's poffeflion ; to confign. Ta gwe for, 
 to exchange one thing for another, To gii-e 
 ear, to liften, or attend to what a perfon fays, 
 " Where he gave no Mr." £ac. To gi-vc 
 way, to yield without refifiance, or denial. 
 To offer. " To g:-ve no offence." Burnet. 
 Ufed with to, to addift, apply, or habituate. 
 " Gii'en to pleafiite." Bac-jn, Ufed with 
 away, to makeover, to tiansfer to another. 
 Joined to eut, to proclaim, publifh, or ut- 
 ter ; to fpread a falfe rcpoit or rumour. Uied 
 with up. to refign, quit, yield, ab:;ndon, or 
 deliver To groio n.-oifi j to melt j to thaw. 
 Ufed with in, to retreat ; to give way ; to 
 go back. " The Scots battalion was forced 
 to gi-ve in.^' Hayiu. Ufed with into, to com- 
 ply with ; to ai?«nt to ; to yield to. Uied 
 with cff, to ceafe. Ufed with o^'er, to ceafe 
 from an aft. lo gi-ve out, to ceafe from a 
 conteit J to yiei<<. Ufed v/:th 'SUay, or place, 
 to yield without refiftance ; to fall baclj or 
 make room, 
 
 GIV'ER, S. one that lets another have a 
 thing without receiving any thing in return. 
 
 GIZ'ZARD, S. [gefer, Fr. --.rw, L.nt.J 
 a ftrong mufculous ftomach in bir>ls, wherein 
 their meat, by means of flones v.'hich they 
 fwallow, is ground in pieceF, as in a mill. 
 To grumble in the gixixaid, is applied to thoie 
 who are dilVatisfied or difcontented. 
 
 GLACIA'TION, S. [gIaci:,L3:,ict,g!i;- 
 ccr, Fr.] the aft of turning into ice; ice. 
 " Hail, which is alfo a gljciation.'" Brcifr., 
 
 GLA'CJS, S. [Fr.j in fortification, a flopir.g 
 b:nk. 
 
 GLAD, Adj. [glade, mad, ^zx, glad, Daji. 
 gladur. Run. gladd(, prcter of gled, l^- to 
 rcjo.cej chesriul j gay j lejoicir.g Kt fomtj 
 g.jod which ha» hajiftutd, f ;g(jrstive!j', ' 
 
 GL A 
 
 ufed for any thing which appears fertlls, 
 oright, or ihewy. •• The folitary place Ihall 
 beg/ad tor them." Ifai, xxxv, 
 
 To GLAD-'DEN, V, A. to cheer; to af- 
 left with a fenfa-ion of pleafure or delig'^t. 
 
 GLAD'DER, S. one who raifes delight 
 and pleafure, " Thou gladder of the mount 
 of Cytheron," D'yd, 
 
 GLADE, S. iglad, Dan.] a lawn or 
 opening in a wood ; a palYagc through a wood 
 made by lopping off the branches of trees. 
 
 GLA'DEN, or GLA'DER, S. [gladius, 
 Lat.J fwordgrafs. In Botany, a general name 
 of plants with a broad blade. 
 
 GLADIA'TOR, S. [Lat. ghdeateur, Fr.] 
 a perfon who ufed to fight with a noked fword 
 in the public ftiews at Rome. Figuratively, 
 a prize fighter j or fword player. 
 
 GLAD'LY, Adv. in a joyful or chearful 
 manner. 
 
 GLA'DNESS, S. a fenfation of joy or de- 
 light anfing at the profpeft of fuccefs, cr 
 the aftual poffellion of good. 
 
 GLAD'bOME, Adj. delighted ; pleafed. 
 
 GLAD'SOMELY, Adv. with fome fenfa- 
 tion of delight or ple?fure. 
 
 GLAD'SOIVIENESS, S. gaiety; a flight 
 fenfation of joy or delight. 
 
 GLAIRE, S. [glare, Sax. glaire, Fr.] the 
 white of an egg ; a kind of h^lbert. 
 
 To GLAIRE, V. A. [glaire, Fr,] to var- 
 nilh, to fmear v/ith the white of an egg j ufed 
 by book-binders. 
 
 GLA'MORGANSHIRE, S. one of the 
 counties of South- Wales, i: lies partly in 
 the diocefe of St. David's, and partly in 'hat 
 ofLlandafF, and ic a maritime county, having 
 the Severn fea, or Eriftol channel, on the 
 S. r.Ionmouthfhire on the E. Caimanhen- 
 fliire on the W. and Brecknock/hire on the 
 N. It is probably enough conjeftured, to 
 have formerly belonged to fome prince or 
 abbey of the name of Morgan ; others de- 
 rive it from Mor or Muir, fignifying the fea, 
 as it lies along that of the Severn. Tem- 
 pleraan reckons iti length forty-five mile*, 
 and breadth tvk-enty-one. Others make its 
 dimenfions fomething greater. It is divided 
 into ten hundreds, as many market-towns, 
 and eighteen "parifhes, in v/hich are reckoned 
 fixteen rivers, and about 5?,oqo inhabitants. 
 The air on the N, fide, where it is moun- 
 tainous, is fliarp, from the long coniinoanc« 
 of tlie fnow ; but on the S. fide it js mild ; 
 the country being more level, more populous, 
 and bearing large crops of corn, and very 
 fweet erafs. Sheep and catfle ;'bound in all 
 parts of it, there beifig fruitful valleys a-? 
 mong the mountain:, that yield yery good 
 patture, Its other cpmmcdities aj-e jead 
 coals, firti, and butter, 'f h? pri.ncipa! riverf 
 are the Rh\rony or RtJRiy, ;he Taffe., the 
 Qgmore, thc4^0R,'fbe Cjed-iugh^ -fid tjie 
 7a>e. Formerly thii fhij-e v/as for^ifie.d \viflj
 
 G L A 
 
 loKg fince fallen to decay. Ir fends but two 
 members to parliament ; namrly, a knight 
 of the fhire, and a burgefs for the town of 
 Caerdiff. This county begins South Wales, 
 which extends itfelt from tiie mouth of the 
 Avon wcftward, to the Bifhop and his Clerks, 
 rocks fo called, which lie off St. Davia's \n 
 Pembrokefhire ; and from thence runs north 
 to Aberdovy, On its coaft are fcveral fmall 
 harbours and ports, principally for fliipping 
 off their coals and provifions j both which are 
 exported in great quantities ; the firft to all 
 the coafts of Devon/hire, Soinerfetfiiire, and 
 Cornwall, and feme to Ireland j and the fe 
 cond article they fend to Briftol, particularly 
 butter, falted and barrelled up, as tha: of 
 Suffolk and York/hire is fent to London. 
 
 GLANCE, S. {g!a^ts, ielg. g/antz,Teut.] 
 a fudden Ihoot or beam of light or fplsndor; 
 a ftroke or dait of light. 
 
 To GLANCE, V^ A. [glantzen, Teut.Jtc 
 flioot a fudden ray of light cr fplendor ; to fly 
 •ff, or to (hike in a Hoping maiiner. Ufed 
 with at, to hint at, or ceafure a perfon's 
 faults by feme oblique hints. Ufed with eye, 
 to take a quick, flight, or tranfient view ; to 
 view obliquely. '* G/<2nf iw^ an eye of pity on 
 his loli'es." Shak. 
 
 GLANCl'NGLY, Adv. in an oblique 
 anannerj tranfiently. 
 
 GLAND, S. iTt. glans, glandis, Lat,] in 
 Anatomy, afoftfpungy fubHanci:, which ferves 
 to feparate a particular humour from the 
 blood. 
 
 GLAN'DERS, S. in Farriery, a running 
 of corrupt matter from the nofe, differing in 
 colour, according to the degree of malignity 
 
 GLANDI'FEROUS, Adj. [of ^/.jhj, Lar.j 
 an acorn, and/^ro, Lat. to bear] bearing a 
 corns, mart, or fruit like accrns. '1 
 
 GLAN'DULE, S. {Yr. ghnduh, Lat.] in 
 Anatomy, a fmall gland ; iometimes applied 
 in the plural, to fignify what are vulgarly 
 called the almonds of the ear. 
 
 GLANDULO'SITY, S. a colleftion of 
 glands. 
 
 GLANDULOUS, Adj. {gJaniuhux, Fr. 
 glandulcjus, Lat. J pertaining, fitu*ted in, or 
 having the nature of the glands. 
 
 To GLARE, V. N. [g.'aren, Belg.] to 
 fK'ne fo bright as to dazzle the eyes. Alfo to 
 ftine with a luftre too much laboured, applied 
 to writings. To flafli. " Every eye— glared 
 lightning." Milt. 
 
 GLARE, S. an overpowering or dazzling 
 lu'tre 5 a fierce piercing look. " A lion now 
 he ftdlks with fiery gftrc." Par. Loft. 
 
 GLARE'OUS, A6].{g!a;reux, Fr. glares- 
 jus, Lit. Stc Glare} confiding of vifcous 
 and tranfparent matter, like the white of an 
 
 GLAR'ING, [Part, of glare] flagrant; 
 enormous, applied to any very ereat ciime. 
 
 GLASS, S. [glas, S^x. glafi, BeU.j an 
 •nificial fubftancc mads by fuiing or mcUing ! 
 
 G L E 
 
 fited fdlts, fl'nt, and fand together, with S 
 vehement fire, tranfjarent to the fight, duc- 
 tile when hot, but not malleable ; a glafs vef- 
 lel of any kind, particularly a cup, with a 
 foot, to drink out of: hence, figuratively, it 
 15 uxd for that quantity of liquor, which fuch 
 3 veff.'l contains, as a glafs of ivim, A glafs 
 to view one's face in; a psrfpedtive, cr a glafa 
 to view diftant or near objedts with; a glafs 
 mads ufe of for mjafuring time, by means 
 of fa.id, which runs through a fmall aper- 
 'ure, and called an hour-glafs. 
 
 To GLASS, V. A. to fee as in a glafs; ta 
 cover with, or cafe in glafs ; to glaze, 
 
 GLASS'-GAZING, Adj. finical ; or of- 
 ten contemplating himfelf in a looking glafs» 
 " A — glafs -gazing, fuper-ferviccable, finical 
 rogue." Sbak. 
 
 GLASS'-HOUSE, S. a houfe where glafs 
 is made anii manufartured. 
 
 GLASS'WORT, S. [from glas, Sax.] in 
 Botiny, the falfola. 
 
 GLASS'Y, Adj. partaking of the natura 
 of glafs ; refembling glafs in fmoothnefs, luf- 
 tre, or brightnefs. 
 
 GLAS'TENBURY-THORN, S. in Bo- 
 ta.'iy, a variety of the common hawthorn, 
 trom vihich it differs in flowering twice a 
 year; becaule, in mild feafons, it often flowers 
 in November or E)ecember, and again at the 
 ulu^l time with the common fort; the flories 
 told of its budding, blolfoming, and fading 
 on Chriftmas day, are cenfured by Miller as 
 ridiculous, and having no foundation. 
 
 GLAUCO'MA, S. [Lat. of yXauKMfAs., 
 of yXavK'^, Gr.] in Medicine, a diforder of 
 the eye. 
 
 To GLAZE, V. A. to furnifh windows 
 with glafs ; to cover with a fubftancc refem- 
 blip'T glafs, like that with which po'ters co- 
 ver their earthen-ware, porcelain, &c. To 
 cover or overlay with fomething (hining, 
 " Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears.'* 
 Soak, 
 
 GLA'ZIER, S. one whofe trade is to 
 make glafs windows. According to Wil- 
 liam of Malmfbury, they were firft intro- 
 duced into this ifland by Benedift, bilhop of 
 Durham. 
 
 GLEAM, S. [pronounced ^few] a fudden 
 and ttjnfient Ihoot or ray of Iplendor ; luf- 
 tre ; briglitnefs. 
 
 To GLEAM, V. N. to fhine with fuddeji 
 and tranfient flaflies ; to fhine. 
 
 GLEA'MY, Adj. flalhing; darting fud- 
 den and tranfient flaflves of light. 
 
 To GLEAN, V. A. [pronounced gleerj 
 to colleft what is fcattered by thole who tar- 
 ry in a harve.l: ; to gather any thing thinly 
 fcattered ; to coUsft from different places in 
 a book, or from different authors. 
 
 GLEAN, S. a collsilion maJe by flow de- 
 grees, and laborious application. " Gleans of 
 yellow thyme diftend his thighs." Dryd. ' 
 
 GLEAN ER, S. one whu gathers after the
 
 G L I 
 
 leapcrs ; one who gathers aiiv thing fiiowly 
 and Uborioufly ; one who colle€ls from dit 
 ferent places in the fame bo'jk, or from a 
 variety of atirhors. 
 
 GLEAN'JNG, S. the adt of picking uo 
 corn Icattered by the h\ilT5andmen j the zA 
 of gathering any thing fhowly and labori- 
 oufly ; the z€t of colleifling from different 
 authors, or from different places in the fame 
 book. 
 
 GLEBE, S.r.e/f''a, Laf-] a clod; turf; 
 fo'A 5 land. In Natural Hiftory, a clod, or 
 piece of flone or earth, frequently containing 
 fome metal or mine/'.l. In Law, church- 
 land. 
 
 GLE'BOUS, Adj. abounding in clods. 
 
 GLE'BY, Adj. abounding in clods. Fi- 
 gi:ratively, fertile or fruitful. " Diffui'd 
 " o'er virtue's gieuy land.' Prior. 
 
 GLEDE, S. [^lida, Sax.] a kitt. " Ye 
 ♦* fliall not eat the gleile." Deutr. 
 
 GLEE, S. [gUe, Sax.] joy or mirth. "Is 
 " Blo'jzelinda dead ? Farewell m'^ gke."' Gjy. 
 
 GLEE'FUL, Adj. full of joy ; g3y ; 
 chearful. " Every thing doth tHake i gU-.ful 
 " boaft. " Sbak. 
 
 GLEEK, S. \glig, Sjx. ] a roufician. 
 *' No monuy, but the gkek ; I'll give you the 
 ininftrel." Skah. 
 
 To GLEEKjV.A. [gTtgman, Sax.]to fneer; 
 to mimick ; to droll upon. " Gkeki^g or 
 " galling as this gentLman." Shak, 
 
 ToGLEEN, V. N. [perhaps a corrup- 
 tion of g'ea»:\ ro fhine with heat, or polifli. 
 *' Hard gleenirg armour." Prior. 
 
 GLEET, S. the flowing or dripping of a 
 humour from any wound. Ufually applied 
 to a tiux of thin humour from the urethra. 
 
 To GLEET, V. N. to drop flowly, or 
 cuze with a thin- humour. Figuratively, to 
 run flowly. " Glat down the rocky caverns." 
 Cieyre. 
 
 GLEE'TY, Adj. refembling a gleet. 
 Thin and fanious, applied to humours. 
 
 GLEW, S.[gew, Brit, giud, Brit.] a vifcid, 
 tenacious matter, ufed as a cement to join 
 divers things together. The common glew 
 is made of the fkins or hides of benfts : fifh 
 glew is made of the mucil.^ginous parts of a 
 large fifh, found chiefly in the Ruffian feas, 
 and is what we call i/Tw^-r/c/'. 
 
 GLI3, Adj. [g!is, 111. fmooth, |-/.-^, Sax. 
 flippery] fmooth ; llippery ; without any in 
 equalities in the furface ; formed fo as to be 
 eafily moved. Volubk, spplifd to fpeech. 
 
 GLIB, S. a thick curled bufli of hair 
 hanging down over the eyi.s, woin by the 
 ancient Itifh. 
 
 GLIB'LY, Adv. [from ^/iA] fmoothly ; 
 without any obftacle. "■ Slide giihiy intode- 
 ♦' traftion." G^-v. of the Torgue. 
 
 GLIE'NESS, S. fmcothnefs 5 flipperneff. 
 Voiubility, or eafmefi of moiion, applied to 
 the tonsue. 
 
 To GLIDEj V. N. [gd.in, Six] to flow 
 
 G L O 
 
 or pafa gently, fmoothly or without an/ 
 tumult; to move fmoothly and flowly alon;;» 
 
 GLIDE, S. a hpfe ; a Aiding motion ; 
 the acl of palling fmoothly. 
 
 GLiKE, S. f::eer, or fcofT. " The 
 '■' hazard's braves, and Charles's f/kitj.'' 
 SbuL 
 
 ToGLlM'MER. V. N. [gUn-mer, D.n.J 
 Co fhine taintlv j to afford a faint light. 
 
 GLlM'JVIEil, S. a f^int fplenHor, or dim 
 light; a foffil, lodged in fparry and ftony 
 bodies, ff) called from its fliining. 
 
 GLIMMER'ING, S. an impwf-a view.' 
 " Got z ghKtr.erirg who they were." Woiton, 
 A faint refembiance : a trace. 
 
 GLIMPSE, S. a wc3k, faint light; a fud- 
 dcn Or quick flafhing light. "L-ghc as the 
 " lightning i-/.»:y6/l- they ran." Par.LoJi. A 
 tr.mfierit luthe ; a fhort and tranfitory view i 
 " Now by g'impfe riifcern Ithuricl." Par, 
 L'ji. A fhorc fleeting enjoyment. "That 
 " I fhould know ^/iw^/i; of deliaht." Piior, 
 A fair;t refemblance or likenefs. " No man 
 " hath a virtue that he has not a gUmffeoi.''* 
 Shuk. 
 
 To GLIS'TEN. V. N. IgUfgena, Sax.] 
 to fhine with luflre or fplendor. 
 
 GLIS'TER,S. See Clypr, which is the 
 mo!l: proper fpelling. 
 
 ToGLIT'TER, V.N. \glitenan, gliitinx- 
 an, Sax. J to fhine with iuftre, or polifh ; to 
 gleam ; to appear pompous and fplendid. 
 " The mo^ glittering temptations to diftord." 
 Dec. of Piety; 
 
 GLITTER, a luftre ; fplendor; a Ihin- 
 ing or ihowy brightnefs. 
 
 GLITTERINGLY, Adv. v*ith a fin- 
 ing or fparkling luftre. 
 
 To GLOAR, V. A. [ghrtn, Belg.] to 
 fqiiint ; to look 2f!ce\'<. 
 
 To GLOAT, V. N. [perhaps a co?ruptiofi 
 of gloar'\ 10 look fideway; at a perfon ; to caft 
 a flolen glance as a perfon, '* Her deluding 
 '' eyes to ghat for you.'' Roive. 
 
 GLO'BA TED, Adj formed in the fhaps 
 of a globe. 
 
 GLOBE, S. [Fr. gkhus, Lat.] a round 
 body, having every part of his furface equally 
 diftant ffom the center ; the earth ; a fphere^ 
 in which the various rejiions of the earth, 
 feas, i> J. are depidleJ in their proper forms, 
 magnitudes, fize, and fituations. 
 
 GLO'BOSE, Adj. [glihjut, Lat.] round 
 or fpherical. " Than all this gidofe earth 
 '' in plain out fpread." Par, Lof. 
 
 GLOBO'SITY, S. roundnefs. 
 
 GLO'BOUS, Adj. {gkhcjus, Lat.] roun^, 
 " 'Lurgc g'-ti'MS irons fly, of dreadful hifs." 
 Pkil. 
 
 GLO'BULAR, A6].[g'oh:tlui, Lat. glolnutf 
 Brit. I round ; in the form of a fmall globe 
 or fphere. 
 
 GLOBULA'RIA, S. [Lat. globufcire, Fr.J 
 n Botany, the blue daily. Jt is ranged iA 
 he fall ictt of Linnffus's fourth claf's. 
 
 GLO'BULE,
 
 G L 
 
 GLO'BULE, S. l?r. ghlwl, But. gloiu- 
 lus, Lat.j a fmall particle of matter, of a 
 round or fpherical form, applied to red par 
 tides ot the blo( d, &c. 
 
 GLO'RULOUS, Adj. in the form of i. 
 fmall fphere , round. 
 
 GLtyCESTER, or GLOU'CESTER, S. 
 liy the Dritons Called Cccr-gkiv, i. e. fine city, 
 and anciently by the Romans Ci^^'i/w, a large, 
 veil built, ancl healthy place, the rapital of 
 the county of its name. It was fortified , 
 but after the reftorctioii difmantled by a<fl oi 
 parliament, on account of the obflinaie re- 
 flftame it nude againfl the forces of king 
 Charles [. It ftands on the Severn, over 
 which river is a large (lone bridge, the firft 
 next the fea. It abounds with crofles and 
 fiatues of the kings of England. The old 
 houfes projecting into the fheets, and itscrofs 
 having been pulled down by acl of parlia 
 jnent, in 17 c, inflead of the latter is a 
 llatue of colonel Selvvyn, their member, who 
 at his own expence made a very large refer- 
 Toir about half a mile off, throvgh the trunk 
 of which the water is brought into a fquare 
 bafun nt its feet, and fforn thenre convv-yed 
 }nto four canals, one paffing through each o) 
 the four great (hects that here inteifcft at 
 right angles, and is' the center of the city. 
 But draughts by Mr Rickets have been made 
 of the curious pieces of antiquity in the afore- 
 faid crofs, by order of the focicty of anti- 
 tjnarians in London. To the vail number 
 of churches and religious foundations in this 
 city, alludes the proverb, " As fure as God 
 is at Glouceller." This is the fee of a biiliop. 
 whofe cathedral is a venerable pile, with a 
 handfome tower, and finely vaulted choir 
 'On the N. fide lies the unfonunate king Ed- 
 ward II. Before the high altar, in the mid- 
 Jle of the church, lies the ecjur.l!5' unt" rtu- 
 liate Prince Robert, eldeft fon of William 
 the Conqueror, alter a mifcrable life, and 
 imprifonment of twenty-fix ycais, by his 
 brotherWilliam R ufus, in the cafllc of Caer- 
 
 G r. o 
 
 water ; and not f.ir o!f, at Ladingtcn, srs 
 found theafLroite.*, or Aar-ftonts, about the 
 oreadth of a lilver penny, and thicknefs of 
 a half-crown, finely engraved by nature on 
 the flat fide. Py this city, the Rickni.ng 
 way runs from the Severn's mouth infa 
 Yorkfhiie. Gloucefter has given titles of 
 Flarl and Duke tofeve^al of theroy.l family: 
 the prefent lui^e is the third fon of Fredd- 
 ric, late prince of Wales. Juft by is the littlo 
 ifle of AIney, famous fn- the fingle comb .t 
 fought between Kdmund Tronfide, and 
 Canute the Dane, its i\tekly markets are 
 on Wednefday and Saturday, and annua} 
 fairs April 5, \ here is a great vent for cheefe j 
 July 5, Sept. 2S, and Nov. 2S, for cattle and 
 horfes It fends two membsrs to parlia- 
 ment, and lies 94 miles from Linden. 
 
 Gi.O'CESTERSIIIRE, or GL^LCE:^- 
 TERSHIRE, S. an inland county of 
 Enoland. It is bounded on the E. by War- 
 wicklliire, Oxfcrdlhire. and Bevkn.iie j en 
 the -S. by .Somerfctlhire and Wiltftirc ; on 
 the N. by Worcefterfiiire, and on the VT. 
 by Herefordfiiireand Monmouthnih-c. Tem- 
 pleman makes it fixly-two miles in lergth, 
 and thlrtj-fix- in breadth; though otlier.s 
 reckon its dimendons lefs It contains one 
 city, namely, that of its n^me, twenty-feveii 
 market towns, and .'So pariflies. The 
 number of"its inhabitants amount to 162,568, 
 who are reprcfcnted by tv.o kni;^hts c/tho 
 fhire, and two each for tlie city of Glou- 
 cefter, the boroughs of irenccfter and 
 Tewkefbury It is watered by feveral large 
 rivers, as the Severn, the' Wve, -the Avon, 
 the Ifis, the Leden, the Frome, the .Stroudc, 
 Xhe Windrufh, and other fmaller frreams. 
 ■ he air of this cnumy is healthy trrough- 
 out ; but h-is a difurrence of foil, th- eaffrn 
 parts b-ing liillv ; the iveftcm woody; I ut 
 the middle enriched with a pie .fcnt and h uit- 
 ful valley 5 which laft is much indented by 
 the Severn, wafidng this country for forty 
 miles together (fcvcnty, ircludiog its wind- 
 
 diff. Here is a whifpering plape, tike the , ings") ; fo that it brings neredarics froni 
 
 ;;allery in the cupola of St. Paul's, London, abroad, and gives the means of conveying 
 
 The cloilkrs are very beautiful, and in the the native commodities into for-itn parts, 
 
 ftyle of the chapel in king's college, Cam- This river in feme plarcs is two miles broad, 
 
 bridge. In the city arc large temains of and comes in with a tide called the boar; 
 
 abbeys, both of blrxk and white friars 1 he •' hich rolls with a hp.d fiom two (o four 
 
 famous Strongbow, who fubdued Ireland, feet high, earning cv<;ry thing before it, 
 
 lies in thcchapter-houfc. It is governed by and overflowing its banks. It is remarkecL 
 
 a mayor, and has alfo a hinh ficward, (Sjc 
 Kere are twelve companies, tbe niufiers of 
 •which attend the mayor on all public occa- 
 Jlons, in their gowns and with flrtamiLrs. It 
 Jias a large cjuay and v.harf on the river, and 
 a cufiom-houfe. 1 ho firft protcft.nt biOiop, 
 Dr. John Hooper, was b;.irnf in L''e ceinithy 
 of his own cathedral, in the reign of queen 
 Maiy. A mile or two off is Robin Hood's 
 hill, both a pleafant wslk for the citizens, 
 and from wh.ich the (own is fupplicd with 
 
 that the tides m it are hrgcft one vtarat full 
 moon, and next at the change: and likcf 
 wii'e one year the nij'ht-tidcs aic hiihcft, 
 and another ihofe of the day. It al)-iiifds 
 with ad fortsof grain, cattle, fowl, rai.i pan-.e, 
 with cverythif.g that other countiej rrcdiice, 
 iiid as good in theii kind ; efpecially bacotl 
 and cyder. And its livers ab'-und with filii ; 
 a.s filmon in tlie 5e.vern, together with laiTj» 
 prcvs and conger-eels. 
 
 to GLO'AIE^AIE, V. A. [v'cK:era!t'S,,
 
 G L O 
 
 G L U 
 
 of gloirefo, Lit.] to g.thcr feveri! parts or l pcaii:-^ ?:t 'ht furface of filk, or any fmooth 
 bvKiics into a round body or fph«re. I or polilhcd tiling. 
 
 GLOMERA'TJON, S. \gbn:cratb, Lat. ) To GLOSS, V, N. [gloffa-, Fr.] to com- 
 tlie act ot forining feceral parts or bodies mcnt, cr nidkc remarks on ihe fen fc of an 
 into a rouuil ball or Iphere J a body formed i author ; to niiUc a fly remark, or give a 
 into a ball. broad bint ; to pjITute. or make a thing ap- 
 
 GLOOM, S \gIon:m':fig, Sax.] an irnper- pear right by Ionic fpecious reafon or inttr- 
 fe£t, faint, or obfcure fight; fuilennefs. pretation. " Yi>u have the ait lo glofs the 
 
 To GLOOM, V. N. to fhine obfcurely ; 
 to be darkilli, like the twilight ; to be cloudy; 
 to be melancholy, dull, or fullen. 
 
 GLOCMINKSS, S. want of light ; duf- 
 kinefs ; datkifhncfs ; difmalnefs ; fuilen- 
 nefs; fadnef;;, or melancholy. 
 
 GLOO'MY, Adv. dimly ; without per- 
 fect light. Figuratively, fullenly ; with a 
 cloudy afpeft, " How gkomlly he look'd." 
 Dryd. 
 
 fouled cauff" Fhi/ifs. To make the fur- 
 face of a thing n-.ine ; to embtllilii with a fu- 
 perficial llicw, uftd witll (njer. " G'sfs'd i^er 
 '' only witli a faint-like flitw." Dryd, 
 
 GLOS'SARY. f,.[glop]re, Fr. gjoffaihim, 
 Lat.] a dictionary c;plaining obfcuie and 
 obfdlcte words. 
 
 GLOSSA'TOR, S. [ghjhteiir, Fr.] a 
 writer of (ilolTes, annotations, or comments. 
 
 GLOS'SEH, S. [gkj}i:rhn, low Lat.] one 
 
 GLOO'MY, Adj. obfcure; imperfesnly wJio explains the wiitings of an author ; a 
 
 lightened; having a faint light; daik or 
 blackifti ; fullen ; melancholy ; fad. 
 
 GLORi'ED, Adj. illulhious ; honoured ; 
 dignified ; elleemed an object worthy of be- 
 ing boafted in. " Your once g'i'o/W friend." 
 
 Mllt. 
 
 polillitr. 
 
 GLOS'SINESS, S. [g!yfung, S.ix,] the 
 fhining luilrc appearing on thefurfaceof filk, 
 or any poliihed bodies. 
 
 GLOS'SY, Adj. having a fliining and 
 fmooth ly poliihed furface. 
 
 GLOVE, S. [glofy Sax.] a covering worn 
 upon the hands, either for luxury, or to keep 
 them from the inclemency of the weather. 
 
 To GLOVE, V. A. to cloatli, or cover 
 with aglove. " ^l\.\\\. gl<yve this hand " Shak, 
 
 GLOVER, S. one who makes or fells 
 gloves. 
 
 To GLOUT, V. N. to pout; to look 
 fullen, or dii'cover dillikc and difcoiitent in 
 
 GLORIFICA'TIOM, S. [Fr.] the tA of 
 giving glory, attributing honour, and ren- 
 dering praife. 
 
 To GLO'RIFV, V. A. \gloylJier, Fr. gh- 
 rifico, Lat.] to procure honour or praife to a 
 perfon or thing ; to pay honour or praife in 
 worlhip ; to extol, honour, or praife, to ex- 
 alt to a llateof fpkndor, dignity, or glory. 
 
 GLO'RIOUS, Adj. [!rLrlojus,LSit.gIoruux, 
 Fr.] in its primary fenfc, haughty; proud ; Uhe countenance, 
 cftcntatioiis; or boalling in any advantage.] To GLOW, V 
 " They that are gloiious muil needs be 
 " factious." i?<if. Figuratively, adorned with 
 glory ; exalted to a (late of fplendor and 
 dignity ; noble ; illullriou.'; ; excrllent. 
 
 GLO'RIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to deferve or cjnfer both glory", digi.ity 
 and praife ; illuflrioully ; n-^bly. 
 
 GLO'RY, S. [gloire, Yr. gkrli, Lat. ufcd 
 by the anticnt poets as a word of one fyllablc, 
 and pronounced o-/ot'] praife or honour at- 
 tributed in adoration or wordiip. In Scrip- 1 or ardour, applied to tlie naftions. Bright- 
 turc, a llate of ineffable fplendor and felicity ucfs, or rudJiiief , applied to col-mr. 
 prepared fur the rigbteousin heaven; honour; GLO'W-VVORM, ^^. a fmall creeping 
 praife; fame ; renown. " Glory is like a infcift t)r worm, wjiich appears luminous, or 
 circle in the water." Shah. A flate of like a flame, in the d.irk. 
 fplendor, dignity, and magnificence. " So- To GLOZE, V. N. Igf'j'"', Sax.] to 
 ♦' lomon in all his ghry." M^tt.\i. 29. j make ufeof foothing and Hnttcring words in 
 
 N. ^glcivjn. Sax.] to be 
 heated lb as to [bine without flame ; to burn 
 with Ychemcnt heat ; to prefent or exhibit 
 a llrong bright colour. " With fmile that 
 " f/siu'.'f— Ci-leflial rofy red." ATdton. To 
 feel a heat in any part of ths l^ody. " Did 
 " not hji temples gl.iv." /IJdif. To feel a 
 warmth of pafTioii, cr heat arifing from the 
 eagcrnefs or ardour of the mind. " The in- 
 " ward gloivi>:gs of a heart of love." Addif. 
 GLOW, sr a Ihininii; hear. Vehemence 
 
 Luftrc, or briglunefs. 
 
 To GLO'RY, V. N. to boafl in; to be 
 proud of. Ufed with ;/.-. " Let them look, 
 •' they ghry not in mifchicf." Sl.ik. 
 
 To CLOSE, V. A. [g.'ffan, Sax j to flat- 
 ter ; to wheedle. 
 
 GLOSS, S. [Fr, gleJlKg, Sax. yy^oirra, 
 Gr.] a comn.ent, or explanation of the iVife 
 of An author. Figuratively, u falfe interpre- 
 tation, or fpeclous explanation of the words 
 of ^n 4iitlior, in order to ferve :^ pirtim'av 
 purpofc ; a fiipcificial lullre or brightncii ap- 
 
 order to perfuade, cor;x, or v. liecJl " a perlbn j 
 to co.Timenf or interpret. " SVhiLh falique 
 " land the French unjutlly t j^i— to be the 
 " realm of France." <'J:jk. 
 
 GLOZE, S. tl.ittery ; footlilng words ; 
 iiifinuations. " Now to pl./m dealing ; lay 
 " thele g/cr.!s by." S/.,^k. 
 
 GLLE, S. a vifcous fubft.'.nce ufed to join 
 th!ng> together. SecdV^. 
 
 To GLUE, V. A. rp/V-cV, Fr.] to join 
 
 together by a vifcous fuiillaiice t-r cement ; 
 
 to hold together. Fi^^urativcly, to join or 
 
 1 make
 
 G N A 
 
 jnake a thing Join ; to unite as it were with 
 glue. " Sink U5 down to fcn-Te, znd giue us 
 " to thofe inferior things." Ti/lotf. 
 
 GLU'ER, S. one who cements or unites 
 with glue. 
 
 GLUM, Adj. Allien ; aifc(f{edly, and ob- 
 ftinately oravc. " Some, when they hear a 
 ** ftory look^/«m." Guardian. 
 
 To GLUT, V. A. [glwth, Brit, ergluur, 
 "St. of yXy^n), Gr.] to rwallow with little 
 chewing; to devour; to cloy, or fill too full; 
 to fate J or difgu(t, " Enough to glut the 
 •' hearers." B::c. To feaft or delight to 
 fatiety, «• With death's carcafe glw. the 
 grave." Milt. To bring in large quantities ; 
 to overfill, or load. " Glutt^ the market" 
 Arbutb. To faturate, or fupply with as 
 much as it can diOblve, &c. " The men- 
 •* fhuum being already glutted." Boyle. 
 
 GLUT, S. that which is gorged or fwal- 
 lowed in a ravenous manner. " Difgorging 
 " foul their devilifh ^/fff." Par. Loft, More 
 than enough ; any thing which fills or ftops 
 up a puflage by its too great, or excellive 
 quantity. " By fomc glv.t, (top, or other 
 " means, arrcfted in their paflage." JVoodiv. 
 
 GLU'TINOUS, Adj. [ghttineux, Fr.J 
 refcmbling glue j vifcous ; uniting by its vil- 
 cidity 5 tenacious. 
 
 GLUTINOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 being vifcid. 
 
 GLUT'TON, S. {ghvth, Brit, ghuten, 
 Fr.] one who indulges himfelf too much in 
 eating ; one who cats to escefs, Figurative- 
 ly, one eager of any thing to excefs. In Na- 
 tural Hiftory, the name of a bid in tlie Wed 
 Indies, fo called from its immoderate eating. 
 
 To GLU'TrONIZE, V. N. to eat to 
 excefs J to be luxurious 
 
 GLU'TTONOaS, Adj. giventoexc,rsin 
 Cjting. 
 
 GLU'TTONOUSLY, Adv. after tl<j 
 manner of a glutton, or one who eats to 
 excefs. 
 
 GLUTTONY, S, {ghttome, Fr. See 
 Gluttcn.] excefs in eating. 
 
 GLUY, Adj. flicking ; vifcous; tenacious; 
 noteafily fcparuted froih vihut it touches. 
 
 GL\N, S. \gun, g/eri?ie, Sax.] a v.illey, 
 or hollow between two mountjins. "Thofe 
 •' narrow corner.^ and gljns undu- the moun- 
 " tain's foot." S/efif. 
 
 To GNAR, or GNARL, V. N. {gnyr- 
 ran, Sax. knatran, Belg. and Ttut.] to growl, 
 murmur, fnarl, or grind the tetth. 
 
 To GNASH, V. A. \knajdian, Belg. rtaj- 
 chen, Ttut.] to flrike, or clafh together, &^- 
 plied to the teeth, either on account ef r.ige., 
 or from a fenfation of excefTive cold or agcny. 
 
 GNAT, S. \gnat, Sax. jckna;k, Teut.J 
 a fmall wipged infedt, or fly, of which there 
 arc, according ti Derham, at Icaft 40 di- 
 iVmCt fpecies. In its vermicular (late it is a 
 red maggot, and hath a mouth auil other 
 p.irt$ agfomwodatcd tp food : in its aurslia 
 
 G O A 
 
 flate it has no fuch parts^ becaufe it fuhfiits 
 without food : but in it; mature (on?.t) (late, 
 its mouth is furnifhed with a curious well- 
 made fpear, to wound and fuck out the 
 bloc^d ot other animals. 
 
 To GNAW, V. A. {gr.rgan,grafr.n, Sax.] 
 to bite and te.ir off" by means of the teeth ; 
 to eat or chew by degrees ; to bite in agony 
 and rage. " They gntiived their tongues 
 " for pain." iJti/. xvi. ao. To frct^ walle, 
 or corrode. 
 
 GNA'WER, S. one who bites or tears in 
 pieces with the teeth. 
 
 GNO'MON, S. \yv(c,xwy, Gr.] the hand, 
 index, or pin of a dial. 
 
 GNOMO'NICS, S. f>.v>'«'W)tr,,Gr.] dial- 
 ling ; or a fcience which teaches to find the 
 juft proportions of fhadows for the conltruc- 
 tion of all forts of fun-dials. 
 
 To GO, V. N. [preter, / ivent, I have 
 gone, participle gor.e., from gan or gangan^ 
 dx. ] to move Itcp by (lep ; to walk ; to 
 move (lowly, oppofed \.o running. "Run to 
 '' him, thou had (laid fo long that going 
 " will not ferve the turn." 5yfcff/^ To pro- 
 ceed from one to another. " 1 he jcd goes 
 " round." Dryd. To depart. To ^0 c-ver, 
 to perule, or read througii. Te go after, to 
 purfuc. To intend, or be near, undertaking 
 a thing. "■' I was going X.o fay." Locke. To 
 let go, to give a perlon his liberty. To gofor^ 
 to pafs; to be received for. " She goes for 
 " a woman." ,' idtiey. To toll, applied to a 
 bell. ^' The htW goeth for \mn." £ac. 'To 
 move, or to be in a flate of motion, applied 
 to m:.chines, (^c, "Clocks will ^0." Ctiuay. 
 To go out, to be extingailhed, applied to 
 flame, or fire. To go ugaitift the grain, is a 
 provcrhiiil cxpreflion, to exprefs (omcthing 
 extremely repugnant, difagrecable, or dif- 
 gullfi:l. 
 
 GO'BY, S. a delufion; artifice, or flratagem. 
 
 GO'CaRT, S. a machine goina upon 
 carters, in which children arc incioicd to teach 
 them to walk. 
 
 GOAD, S. \ga.-id, S:ix.] a iHck or pole 
 armed with a (harp point at the end, v.ith 
 which oi;cn,i5iff. are driven forward. 
 
 To GOAD, V. A. to prick or drive 
 with a goad, figuratively, to incite, flimu- 
 Lte, or drive fcrwavd. , ;,■•;.... 
 
 GOAL, S. [the g is pr.onounceJ hard 
 from gauk, Fr. a long pole fct up to dtter- 
 ininc tlic bounds of a r^cc] a poll fet up to 
 w'.iich race-horfcs are to run ; a fhirting-pod. 
 Figuratively, the dcfjgn, final purpofe, or 
 end of any meafure, or undertaking. Some- 
 t'Hies wni ten improperly ibr gco!, which vvas 
 fpelt in old Englifh jiole. 
 
 GOAR, or GORE, S. an edging fcwcd 
 on cloth to (hcngtht-n it. The warm blood 
 of any crcatuic, from ^&r. Prit. . v 
 
 GOAT, S. Iga:, gat, .Sax.] an hoirci, 
 
 animal, with coarfe mag hair, remarkable 
 
 for lafcivioufncfs, atid a rank fmtU when 
 
 K h a old.
 
 GOD 
 
 G O L 
 
 old. Figuratively, a rank, or luftful per- 
 fon. 
 
 GO'ATBEARD, or GO'ATSBEx\RD, 
 S. the nime of a plant. 
 
 GO' .THKRD, S. one who keeps goats. 
 
 GO'ATISH, Adj. rerciTiIjiing a goat, ei- 
 ther in vankncfs of fmeU, or in luft. 
 
 GOB, S. [^ro/r, Fr.ja fmall quantity, gene- 
 rally applied to tbmething vifcous or fiabhy. 
 
 GO'BBriT, S. a mouthful; as much as 
 can be Avallowed at once. 
 
 To GOBBET, V. A. to fwallow at once. 
 A low word. 
 
 To GO'BBLE, V. A. fgihrt, old Fr. to 
 fwallow] to fw.illow hadily, or in a ravenous 
 manner, attended with noif^. 
 
 GO'BBLER, S. one who devours in a ra- 
 venon"; manner, without cliewing. 
 
 GO' ETWEEN, S. a mediator; crone 
 who carries on adcfign, liy being fent back- 
 wards with mefljgis by the two parties. 
 
 GOB'LET, S. IgohA-r, Fr j a bowl or 
 cup, th:it .'lolds a iarjje draiii^ht. 
 
 G03'LIN, S. an evil or walking fpirit ; 
 an elf, or fjiry. 
 
 GOD, S. [God, Sax. G„d, IQ. and Dan. 
 Goth, gOi{s, Goth. Gccd, Belg Got, Tcut. of 
 Cod, Sax the adj. im[)lving gaodj the felf 
 exiftent infinitely perfeft, and infinitely 
 good Being, who cremated and pref:rves all 
 things that have exigence , the ohje£l of ado- 
 ration and worlhip ; any perfon or thing 
 which is too much the objcifl of a perfon's 
 thoughts and labours. 
 
 To GOD, V. A. to deify, or worfhip as 
 a god. Figuratively, to confer the greated 
 hanoari; that can be imagined " Lov'd me 
 " above the meafure of a father j nay, 
 " grddt-d me." Shai. 
 
 GOD'-CHfLD, S. an infant or perfon 
 for whom one is a fponfor i;i baptifm. 
 
 GOD'-D AUGHT- R, S. a female for 
 whom a perfon is a f,ionfor in baptifm. 
 
 GOD'DESS, S. a female deity or divinity 
 
 GOD'FArHER., S. [godf^idcr, Sax. | a 
 man that is fponfor for a perfon at baptifin. 
 
 GOD'-HEAD, S. the (late, condition, or 
 nature of a god. Figiir.itiveiy, a deity. 
 " Nymphs and native godheads yet un- 
 " known " Diytt. 
 
 GOD'LESS, Adj. without fenfeof a deity; 
 athciflic; irreligious ; impious. 
 
 GOD'LlKr, Adj. divine ; refembling 
 God ; fuperlarivcly e:ii:ellenr. 
 
 GOD'LING, S. a divinity of fmall (la- 
 ture or dignity. " The puny godlwgs of 
 " inferior race " Dryd. 
 
 GOD'LIMESS, S. duty or piety towards 
 GoJ ; a general obferyatioa of all the duties 
 towjrd> God., 
 
 GOO'LY, Adj. having a proper fen/e of 
 our duty and obligations to God. Figura- 
 tively, pio'i';, righteon<, or religious. 
 
 GOD'LY, Adv. in a pious, and reli-gious 
 inanncr. 
 
 GOD'-MOTHER, S. a woman that is 
 
 fpcrafor for a perfon in baptifm. 
 
 GOD'SHIP, S. the office, rank, or chn- 
 rafterofagod. Figuratively, adeity or di- 
 vinity. •' O'er hills and dales then godJJ^ips 
 " came." Prior, 
 
 GOD'SON, S. \godfviia, Sax.] whom a 
 perfon has been fponfor to in baptifm. 
 
 GOD'WARD. Adj towards, or with re- 
 fpcdt to God. " Such triifl have we through 
 '• Chrid godivard.^' "2. Cor. 
 
 GOD'YELD, or GOD'YIELD, Adv. a 
 term of thanks, wherein a perfon wilhes ano- 
 ther tlie protectim and providence of the 
 deity. '• \'ou fhould \ri^ godyteld lo Mi iox 
 " pur pains." Shak. 
 
 tO'ER, S. one that moves from one place 
 to another ; one that runs ; one that has a 
 good pace, applied to a horfe. One that is 
 regular in its motions, applied to a watch or 
 clock. 
 
 TO GOGGLE, V. N. [fc:l-ege, or egedge. 
 Sax.] to look afquint. 
 
 GOG'GLE-EYED. Adj. [fccl-ege. Sax.] 
 fquint-eyed ; not looking (Irait ; or looking 
 with the balls of the eyf turned contrary ways. 
 
 GO'ING, S. the ad of walking or mov- 
 ing from one place to another ; departure. 
 
 GO'L.'\, S. in Arcliitedture, the famoas 
 cyiratium. 
 
 GOLD, S. f Sax. Tcut. gclud, Brit.] the 
 heaviell, mofldenfc, mod fimple, mofl fixed 
 of all bodies; neither injured by air or fire, 
 foluble only by fea-falt, and moft cafily amal- 
 gamated with filver ; its colour is of a (hin- 
 ing and radiating yellow, which differs ac- 
 cording to its purity, or the parts it comes 
 from. Figurativelv, money, or any thing 
 very valuible. or J..'rirous. "A heart ol'gold.''' 
 
 .GO'LDBEATER, S. one who hammers 
 go'd into thin leaves, which are ufed by 
 ♦ gliders. Goldbeater's Jkin is the inteftinum 
 redum of an ox or bullock, well fcoured 
 and- prepared, which is laid by goldbeaters 
 between the leaves of the metal while they 
 beat it. 
 
 GO'LD-BOUND, Adj. encompafled or 
 bound with gold. 
 
 GO'LDE>7, Adj. made or confiding of 
 gold; gilt. Figuratively, fliining ; bright; 
 fplendid, yellow, or of the colour of gold. 
 Golden nu:r.berf in Chronology, is that which 
 fliews what year of the moon's cycle any 
 particular year is. Golden rule in Arithmetic, 
 called likewife t!ie Rule of three, is that, by 
 which a fourth number is fought, which 
 bears the fame proportion to the third-iiuni- 
 ber as the fccond docs to the firft. 
 
 GO'LDENLY, Adv. in a pompous- or 
 fplcndii manner. " Report fpeaks goldenly 
 " of his profit." Sha,':. 
 
 GO'LDEN-ROD, S. in Botany, called 
 the -verge dorce in French, and fclidago- in 
 Latin. Linnseu-s places it in the fecond fedt. 
 of his iqth clafs. 
 
 GO'LD-
 
 GOO 
 
 GO'LDFINCH, S. fgcMfrw, Sax.] a fing- 
 ing bird, having a reddifh circle bordered 
 with a golden colour on each fide of its head. 
 See Fi'ch. 
 
 GO'LDH AMMER, S. lgold-aff!fr.er,Te\it.] 
 a bird fo called 
 
 GO'Li ING, S. [guelden, Teut.] a kind 
 ef apple. 
 
 GO'LDNET, S a fort of fifh ; called 
 likcwife^i/M.W. 
 
 GO'LUSIZE, S. a glue of a golden co- 
 lour, with which painters form their letters, 
 and gilders Ly t; ofc p-its of their works, 
 uhich are to be covered with gold. 
 
 GOLDSMITH. S. gu-Jjclnild, Sax. 
 fo/d^mid Dan.] a perfon who makes and 
 fr'ls golden wares, as they were formerly 
 till banking became a fep^ratc bufmefs, the 
 ptrfons with whom merchants and traders 
 lodged their cafti -^ Tha goldfniith, or fcri- 
 *' vener, v. ho takes all your fortune." Swift. 
 
 GO'LDYLOCKS, S. in Bota y, a plant 
 fo called from the colour of its flower 
 
 GO'NDOLA, [leal, gondc/e, Fr] a fiat 
 boat, very long and very narrow, ufed upon 
 the canals at Venice. 
 
 GONnOLl'ER, S. fprono-unced ^on</<;- 
 /«/■] one who rows a gondola 
 
 GONE [prcter of go, pronounced go?i 
 loft or undone. •' He mult Know 'tis none 
 •* of voiii d.iughter--we are ^o;i elfe." Si:ak. 
 Cone l^y, part, applied to motion or change 
 of pi: ce. Loft ; departed j confumed ; at 
 an end ; dead. 
 
 GON'FALON, or GON'FANON, S. 
 \gonfjnon, Fr.] an enfign, or flandard " Ten 
 *' tnoufand thouGnd tnfigns far udvanc'd — 
 *' and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear." Par 
 Loji 
 
 GO'NORRHOEA, S. [from yovo<; and pfa;, 
 ^ Gr in Medicine, an involunt;;ty dripping 
 of feed or otiicr humour occafioned by fome 
 venereal hui t 
 
 GOOD, Adj. f^ comparative letter, fuper- 
 lative heji] having fuch perfeftions as are re- 
 quifite, fit, and proper for the end, whok- 
 fonic. " Gct)(/ to eat." Pior. Sound; con 
 firrred, valid, eirabliflied, proved. " MaU 
 " ^W your accufation." ^outh. Punflual. 
 " As good as his wotd." UEflrange. Cha- 
 rafter. ^^ Good name in man or woman- is 
 " the immediate jewel of their fouls." Shak. 
 Chcarful ; r.ay , wx eafiiy difplcafed, but 
 inc.inrd to afls of benevolence ahd kindnefs, 
 joined with any words expreffing the temper 
 of the mird joined to breeding, elegant, 
 decent, delicate, polite ; confiftent with the 
 charaftcr of oentkmen. * Imitated as the 
 '* greateft patterns of wit 7^x\^ gcod-brceding."'' 
 Sioft Virtuous, cr endowed with all mo- 
 ral qualities or virtues; kirid or benevolent. 
 " The men were very good to us." i. Sam. 
 XXV. 15. To ».'a^i'n-3c^, to perform what is 
 promifod or expcdifd ; to keep, maintain, or 
 li.ijiport. '< In fpiglit of their dragoons 
 
 G O R 
 
 pLiced to make good their retreat." Clarerdofi, 
 
 GOOD, S. divided into pliyficpl and mo- 
 ral. Phyjical good, is that which tends na- 
 turally to piomote our happinffs, benefit, 
 advan-age, or health, to increafe pleafure, 
 diminifh pain, or procure and continue the 
 prcfenceof any good, or the ahfcnce of any 
 evil. Moral good, is that which is chofcii 
 agreeable to the laws of reafon or God, and 
 has a tendency to promote both our owa 
 happincfs and that of others. Figuratively, 
 profpeiity. 
 
 GOOD, Adv always joined with as, thus, 
 as good implies no woi fe. 
 
 GOOD, Interjcft. well ; right. 
 
 GOO'D-CONDI'IIO.VED Adj. with- 
 out any ill qualities. Lufty, or plump, ap- 
 plied to pel fons. 
 
 GOO^DLIXESS, S. beauty; grace; ele- 
 gance, applied to external appearance. 
 
 GOO'DLY. Adj. beautiful; graceful; ap- 
 plied to perfon?. Fine, or fplcndid, applied 
 to things, andparticuLaly to drcA. Bulky, 
 fwelliiig. " GW/)' and great he fails." Dryd. 
 Happy; dcfirable " We have many goodly 
 " days to fee." Skc!:. 
 
 GOO'DNErS, S. the fitncfs of a thing 
 to produce any particular end ; perfeiftion ; 
 kindnefs, or benevolence. 
 
 GOO'D-KOW, Interj. in good time ; or 
 prithee. " Gcodnoiu fit down and tell mc." 
 Shah, Sometimes ufed as a flight exclama- 
 tion to exprefs wonder. " Gcou ?ij>iv, good 
 "no'zy, how your devotion s jump v.ith mine," 
 Dryd. 
 
 GOODS, S. the moveables or furniture of 
 a houfe ; wares fold in trade; commodities 
 or freight in a fnip. 
 
 GOO' .Y, S. [gsdig. Sax. Johnfon fup- 
 pofes it corrupted from good ivife ' a low 
 term of civility ufed to me.:n perfons of the 
 female fex. " Whenp-i^/y Dobfon died " Gay, 
 
 GOOSE. S. I plural ^ffrf, of ^oj, Sax.] a 
 large water fo'vl, proverbially noted, and 
 figuratively ufed, for fooliUmefs ; a taylor's 
 fmoothing iron. 
 
 GOO'SBEKRY, S. in Botany, named 
 
 frojjiilaria in Lat. and groffdicr, Fr. a well 
 nown fiuir. Linnxus places it in the firft 
 fcft. of l.is fifth clafs. 
 
 GO'RBELLY, S. a large protuberant, cr 
 big belly ; a term of reproach for a fat perfon, 
 
 GO'RDELLIED, Adj lufty; fit ; having 
 a large, proiuberant, and fwelling belly. 
 " Hang ye, |;e;Z'i/A-a knaves." SJ^ak. 
 
 GORD, S. [gourd, Fr] aninftiument of 
 gaming. 
 
 GORE, S. [Sax. gor, Brit.] blood ; clot- 
 ted or congealed blood. In Heraldry, an a- 
 batement, confining of two arches, or curve 
 lines, the one drawn from the linirtcr bafe, 
 and the other from the finifter chief. 
 
 To GORE, V. A. [from the r.oun] to 
 
 ftat or pierce either with a weapon, or tb.c 
 
 horns of an animal, fo as to tnakc a wound. 
 
 H h 3 An-.ong
 
 G O S 
 
 Amonp' fcfmrireffes ana taylors, to widen any 
 thing, by fewing a piece of cloth. 
 
 GORGE, S. [Fr. the ^ pronounced harii] 
 the tliroat or Avallow ; that which is foigccj 
 or Avahowcd. In Archi'.eiflure, a fort of 
 concave rnoulJing. Ths gorge of a ciimncy, 
 is the part hff.veen tlie chambranle and the 
 crowning ot t!ie mantle. In Fortification, 
 the cntianci; of a bafiion, ravelin, or other 
 outwork. A Jtmi-gorgc, is thai part of a poly- 
 gon between the centre and flauk of the 
 bafiion. 
 
 To GORG^, V. N. {gorg.-r, Fr.j to fill 
 up to the throat : to glut or iatiate ; to Iwal- 
 low. " fhe fifh has^o-^rrf the hook." 
 
 GO'RGH:!;', Adj. in Heraldry, ufed when 
 a crown or coronet is borne round the neck 
 of fome bird or fowl ; or when the n<.ck of 
 a bird is of u different metal or colour from 
 the red. In Fariiury, fwellcd. " The legs 
 " of a horfe are gorged. " 
 
 GO'RGEO'J.S, Adj. Igorg'tJs, old Fr.] 
 fine, rp!cn>',id ; glittering. 
 
 GO'RC/.OUSLY, Adv. in a fplendid, 
 pomp"n>i, fhttwy, or magnificent manner. 
 
 Gk'.-'GRO'JsNESS, S. Iplcndorj hillr^; 
 niagiiiiicenre. finery. 
 
 GO'RGET, S. the piece of armour which 
 is worn round, and defends the throat. 
 
 GO'RGO.V, S. [ycfyv, Gr.] a monfler 
 with Ihaky hairs, that is reported to have 
 turned all ihut faw it into (tones. 
 
 GO'RT.IAND, ^.[goiKU'it, Bvit. gourm.7^cl, 
 Fr.] a perlon who eats greedily, ana toexcefs. 
 
 '1 o GO'RMANDIZt, V. N. tw eat with 
 greedinefs and to excefs. 
 
 GOR'MANDIZKR, S. one who eats 
 greedily. 
 
 GORS'T, S. IgorJ}, Sax.] fun, a thick 
 pricklv fh'uh, be.irir.g yellow flowers. 
 
 GO'RY, Adj. covered with clotted or con- 
 gealed blood; bloody; murthercus. "A 
 *' gory emulation *twixt us twain.' Stai. 
 
 GO'Si.ING, S. a young goofe not full 
 grown. In Botany, a cat's tail on nut-trees 
 and pines. 
 
 GO'SPiLL, S. the title of books contain- 
 ino' the hidory of tl>e traflfaAions of our 
 blelTed Lord and Saviour from his birth to 
 his afcenfion. Figurjiively, applied to fig- 
 nify, in'Divinity, the Chriltian aifpenfation, 
 and an infallible (tandard of truth, <■ As 
 " true as iht gofp-l" 
 
 To GO'IPEL, V.N. r^;4'>.'///,;«, Sax.] 
 to preach the gofpel ; to inftrudt as a prielt. 
 
 GO'SPELLER, S. \g.:ri-fj>eikre, Sax.] an 
 evangelift or prcaclier. " Thcfe gof^dlcn 
 *' have h.id their golden days." Rowc. 
 
 GO^SSAMER, or GO'SSAiVIOll, S. [gof- 
 Jampine,¥t. gojjypl:*'", ox gaujape, Lat.] the 
 down of plants; the long white cobwebs 
 which are perceived in the air in calm funny 
 weather, found by MaiTy to proceed fro.n 
 a fpidcr dwelling in fields, which emits them 
 
 G O U 
 
 from its podex, and leaves them to afceni 
 in, and be wafted by, the air. 
 
 GO'SSIP, S, [irorn godjtppe. Sax. a fpon- 
 foi] one who is a fponfor for a child at bap- 
 tifm. Figuratively, one who runs about 
 tattling like a woman at a lying in. 
 
 To GO'SSIP, V. N. to chat ; to prate ; 
 to fpeud time in frivolous aitd infignificant 
 difccurfc. 
 
 GOT, preter, and participle paflive oiGet. 
 
 GO'TTEN, particip. palllve of Get. 
 
 To GO'VERN, V. A. [the o pronounced 
 like an u fhort, gwvern from gou-verntr, Fr. 
 of gnherno, Lat.] to rule over in the charac- 
 ter of a magiftrate, parent, or other fuperior. 
 In Grammar, to require. " A^mo gmerns 
 " an accufitivc cafe." 
 
 GO'VEP-.NABLE, Adj. fubjea and obe- 
 dient to command, rule, authority, or direc- 
 tion. 
 
 GO'VERNANCE, S. the a^ of exercif- 
 ing anthority over others that arc bound to 
 obey ; government ; the management, con- 
 trcail or authority of s guardian. 
 
 GO'VERNaNTE, S. [Fr.] a woman 
 who has the care of young ladies of quality. 
 The more ufual and proper word is Go-uerrcj'i. 
 
 GO'VERNESS, S Igou-vemcje, old Fr.J 
 a female, invelled with authority to influ- 
 ence or rule. A woman who h^s the care 
 of irifliuding or regalatli^g tiie condaift of 
 ladies; the teacher, inftrucloiefs, or milliefs 
 of a hdy's boarding-fchool. 
 
 GOVKRNiMENT, S. [pu-v.rnemtnt, Fr.] 
 the form in which juilice is adminiClered in 
 a nation ; an ellablilhmcnt, or admioiftra- 
 tion of public affdis ; the power or autho- 
 rity exertifed by nnglllrates over their fub- 
 jetts, or by one perlbn over another, in 
 Grammar, the particular condruflion any 
 wcrd in a fentence requires. 
 
 GO'VERN OR, S. [gou-v:.,:cur, Fr.] one 
 who manages, influences, or has the fu- 
 preme direflion of a thing or perfon ; one 
 invefled with fupremeauthoiity in a flate. 
 
 GOURGE, S, [Fr.J a chillel having a 
 round edge. 
 
 GOURD, S.[gcuhorde, Fr.j a plant which 
 creeps along the earth like the cucumber, 
 and products a ycliow fruit of the fizc and 
 colour of an orange. 
 
 GOU'RDJNEi^ S. in Farriery, a fwell- 
 ing in an horfe's leg after a journey, fo called 
 from its refembling a gourd. 
 
 GOUT, S. [go'..tte, Fr.J in Medicine, a 
 painful kind of difejfe principally affcfling 
 the joints, feated in their ligaments, the 
 tendons of the mufcles fubfei vient to their 
 motions, and the membranes I'urrounding 
 the bones. 
 
 GOUT, S. [pronounced goo, Fr. guj}us, 
 Lat. J a tafle, relifn, or ilavour. 
 
 GOU'TY, Adj. afflicled with the gout ; 
 relating to, or having the gout. 
 
 GOWN,
 
 G R A 
 
 G R A 
 
 GOWN, S, ^g-zo/i, Ri'it. gcnna, lul.] alDrycf. In the Roman church, a part of the 
 long loofe upper garment, woin by men, as mafs Cong Ijetween the epilHcs and gofpels. 
 an undrefj; ; a woman's upper garment; the In the Jewifii, applied to 15 pfilms, fuppofed 
 long loofe habit worn by theminifrers of the to havebeen fungby the pricfts, ftandingup- 
 eflabliOied ciuiith, &c. on the gradual, or the '5 (lepsof the temple. 
 
 GO'WNKD, Adj. wearing a gown. 
 
 GO\v' NWA.N, S. one matriculated at an 
 univerfity ; a (tudent ; or one whofe proper 
 habit is a gown,' applied to the protefiors of 
 divinity, phyfic, law. fefr. 
 
 To GRA'HBLE, V. N. [perhaps corrupt- 
 ed frii".-n g'-a^plc\ to grope; to fearch, or feel 
 greedily with the hands. " Their bhiody 
 " hiinis grabbling in my guts." iiT/?. of Join 
 I'dl. 
 
 GRACE, S. [gratia, Lat.] favour, or 
 l-.indnefs. In Divinity, a favourable influ- 
 ciiCe of God on the human mind ; virtue, or 
 the efrcd of the divine infiacnce; pardon ; a 
 kiiidiief-.; a privilege or favour conferred; 
 elegant behaviour ; or the air and appearance 
 wherewith any thing is done; beauty, either 
 natural, < r licighteiied i)y art ; an embellish- 
 ment, ornament, flower, or perfection. " By 
 " their hands the grcce oi kings miifl die." 
 hhak. A phyfical virtue, or power. " Mickle 
 " is the powerful graa that lies in plants." 
 t:hak. The title of a duke, fo. mrrly given 
 to a king, implying good lefs, or clemency ; 
 a Ihort prayer faid at me::!s, exprefUve of gra- 
 titude or thinks to the divine providence for 
 fupplyingour ncctdjties. To be in a pcrfon's 
 good gracii, is to be favoured or efleemed by 
 him. 
 
 To GRACE, V. A. to adorn, beautify, 
 embtlUni, dignify, fct cfT, or recommend ; 
 to confer an honour on a perfon ; to dignify 
 or raife by :;n ad of favour. '* Cijc'd by 
 " a nod." Dtyd. 
 
 GRA'CED, Adj. beautiful; graceful. " The 
 •' properell and befl graced men that ever I 
 ♦' faw." kidney. Seldom iifed. 
 
 GRA'CKFULLY, Adv. elegantly ; with 
 a pleafing dignity or majcfly. 
 
 GRA'CEf ULNESS, S. elegance and dig- 
 nity of manner; dignity joined with Iieauiy. 
 
 GRA'CELESS, Adj. without any virtue, 
 either religions or moral ; wicked or impious. 
 
 GRA'CIOUS, Adj. \guidc-ux, Fx.grack- 
 /«j, low Lat ] mcrciiui; benevolent; kind; 
 Tirtuous, or good. " Their illlie not being 
 " gracious." ^hjk. 
 
 GRA'CIOUSLY, Adv. with kind conde- 
 fccnfion; in a pleafing and favourable manner. 
 
 GRA'CIOUSNESS, S. kiiid condcfcen- 
 fion ; a pleafing manner. 
 
 GRADA'TION, S. | Fr. of gradtjs, Lat.] 
 a regular progrcfs or advance from one de- 
 gree to another. 
 
 GRA'DIENT, Adj. [gradiem, Lat.J walk- 
 ing or moving by fteps. 
 
 GRA'DL' AL, Adj. [giadud, Fr.] pre ceeJ- 
 ing or riling bv degrees; advancing ftep by flcp. 
 
 GRA'DUAL, S. [gradus] a lligiit of Heps. 
 ** £eioie t.\\c gruGual proftiate they ador'd." 
 
 GRADUA'LITY, S a regular progreffion; 
 advancing higher by degrees. 
 
 GRA'DUALLY, Adv. by degrees ; in re- 
 gular progrefTion ; by fteps ; advancing from 
 a lower to a higher degree. 
 
 To GRA'DUATE, V. A. \gradeur, Fr. 
 ofgrcidiis, Lat.] to dignify with a degree in 
 an univerfity; to mark with degrees, in mea- 
 furing. " He graduates h'ls thcrn>ometers." 
 Derl:cm. To heighten or improve. " Dy- 
 " ers advance and graduate their colours witK 
 " falti." Eroiun. 
 
 GRAFF, or GRAFT, S. [grcfe, Fr.] 
 in Gardening, ihe fiioot of a tree inferted in, 
 and becoming one with another tree, nou- 
 rithed by its lap, but bearing its own fruit. 
 
 To GRAF ,!■, V. A. \grj.r, Fr.] to take 
 (hoot from one tree, and infert it into ano- 
 ther, in ft^ch a manner, that both may unite 
 ciofely, or become one tree, to infert into a 
 place, or body, to which it did not originally 
 bclonu'. 
 
 GR.\T ! ER, S one who propagates fruit, 
 by inferiing the branch of one tree into that, 
 of another. 
 
 GRAIN, S. \grr.zun,Bnt. grawCfYr.'^ a 
 finglcfeed of corn, or other fruit Figurative- 
 ly, corn. Any minute particle, or fmall body; 
 fome fmall indulge. ice, which impiiesa '•emif- 
 fion of rigour or feverity. " He whofe very 
 " belt a<flion$ muft be feen \vith (ome grain 
 '• of allowance." yUddif. A weight ufed in 
 phyfic, tAenty of wliich make one fcruple » 
 but ill troy weight, twenty-four make a pen- 
 ny weight : it derived this name from its br- 
 ing fuppofed of equal weight with a grain of 
 corn. '] he direction in which the fibres of 
 wood, leathcr,ijf. grow. In Dying, a method 
 ofcommunicatiugcolo rs,fo as to make them 
 more laftiiig than in the common way. 7 he 
 form of the furface, with legard to tmooth- 
 ncfs, roughuefs, or the (ize of the conftitu- 
 cnt fibres or particles of a body. " Bring- 
 g its roughuefs to a very fine ^ <3/».'" 
 7.fw/. Opt, 1 emper; diipofition ; luimour 
 or inclination. '* Though much againfc the 
 
 grai?! forced to retire." Diyd. 
 
 GRAINED, Adj. rough; appearing Irfs 
 fmooth, or weuthcr-beatcn. " Then now this 
 " grained face of mine be hid " Shak. 
 
 GRAINS, S the hulks of malt of which 
 beer has I)ecn made. 
 
 GRA'IN /, Adj. full of corn, or feeds. 
 
 GR^MME'RCY, Iiucrj. fcontraiHcd of 
 grant n:e mtrcy'y an obfolcte expreffion of fur- 
 pri7e. " Gravimcrcy, lovely Lucius, what's 
 " the news .'" ishak. 
 
 GRAMINl'VOROUS, Adj. eating, ex 
 living upon grafs, '* The gromivivcroui 
 " kind." Sharp. 
 
 H h 4 GRAM-
 
 G R A 
 
 ($kAM'MAR, S. [gr^T,>:sh-e, Fr.] the 
 art which delivers the rules for fpe'aking or 
 «.\ritii)g any iangiidgepr3per]y Figuratively, 
 jin expreflion or conlbui^ion agretiible to the 
 rules of grammar; a book which delivers rules 
 for fpcakin^ or writing a lanf?uage with pro- 
 ^^riety. Grartv.sir-fckoolf is a place where the 
 'earned iangu^'jes, or claflics, are tau<;ht. 
 
 GRAMMARIAN, S. [:^ran:mainen,Vx.'\ 
 e.ne who is /kiifui in, or one who teaches the 
 J-ules of, g'ammiir. 
 
 GRAMMATICAL,. Adj. [Yr. o£ grarf- 
 matlc:.s, Lat.j belonging to, cr tau<;ht by 
 grammar; confjitcnt with ihe propiiety cf 
 8hv paiticT2l.-irlangu.c;e. 
 
 'GRAMMA'TICALLY, Adv. according 
 to the rules of qiammar. 
 
 GR AMMATiCA:i'Tc:i^ S. [Lat ]a pter- 
 fon who pretends to, and picjues himfelF on 
 Jiis knowledge of j;rammdr ; a mere verbal 
 Critic, or low grammarian. 
 
 GRA'MP: E, S. ["^r.r.r.//i-,Fr.]a crib fifh. 
 
 GRA'IMPUS, S a large filh of the whale 
 kind. 
 
 GRA'NVRY, S. ^gravarlum, Lat.j a 
 florehoufe for threfbed corn. 
 
 GRA'NA TE, S. f^/c?i«w,Lat.1a precious 
 ftone of a hi^h red colour, Co called from the 
 J-efemblance it bi'ars to that of a kernel of a 
 pomegranate : it is vulgarly named 3. garnet. 
 The oriental are the bell. 
 
 GRANDj Adj. [¥i\ grandh, Lat.] great ; 
 illuflrioui ; powerful j fplendid; nob.e; fub- 
 Ijme. 
 
 GRA'NTDAM, or GRANDA'ME, S. a 
 term of confunguinity, denoting tlie f.ither's 
 or mother's mother. Figuratively, an old 
 withered or decrepit wom.m. "To the g^ r.- 
 " dm! hzg.'" Dryd. In the pedigree of a 
 horfe, the rnare on which the dam of a horfc 
 was got. 
 
 G.cAND-CHILD, S. thefon or daughter 
 of a ptrfcn's f)n or daughter. 
 
 ■ GR A'ND-DAUGHTER, S. thedurghter 
 of a fan or dsughtcr. 
 
 GR ANDE'E, S. [grarJ,Yr.grar.dh, Lat.] 
 a pcrfon of lank, diyiity or power ; one ot 
 the nobility. 
 
 GRA'NDEUR.S. [Fr.]fplendour,pomp, 
 er magnificence 
 
 GITA'ND FATHER, S. the father of a 
 pcifons's f.'.ther or mother. 
 
 GRA'NDITY, S [grur.dh, La?.] clcva- 
 IJTn cf thought, pomp, or magnificence of 
 I'.n^uagCi " Our poeis excel in _jrc«.i;.^ and 
 " ;;ravity." Cair.den. 
 
 GRA'NDSlRf, S. a grandfather. In Po- 
 etry, any ancertcr. 
 
 GRA'N'DSON, S. the fon of a perfon's 
 Ton or diiufbter. 
 
 GRAVGE, S. fFr.] a farm ; a barn, or 
 tjirelhing ifloOr ; a farm houfe at a diftance 
 }#om neinhhouis. 
 
 GRA'NTIE, S' \p-c:r.lt, Fr. oi grjr.utr, 
 jL,;t. J » variej^ated ftqne or niarble, compofte 
 
 G R A 
 
 of Apar-ite rrtd very large concretions, nfdely 
 compjdicd toiTcther, of great hirdnefs, giving 
 fire when flruck v.-::h (lee!, fumtnting with 
 acids, and imperfe<ftiy calcinable in a great fire. 
 
 Gi<.ANT'VhRO'JS, Adj. eating or living 
 upon grain, " Gram-ves-ous birds." Arhuth. 
 
 GRAN'NAM, S. [a corruption of ^--a//- 
 diimc] A grardmother. A low word, ufed 
 only in burlcfque. " Oft my ghnnatn told 
 " me." Gay. 
 
 To GRANT, V, A. ^of garrntlr, Fr.] to 
 admit a thing not proved j to allow or con- 
 cede ; to beftow fomething which cannot be 
 claimed as a r:ght. 
 
 GRANT, S. the art of giving or befbw- 
 ing a thing which cannot be claiincd as a 
 right ; l!ie thinq granted ; a conccffion. 
 
 GRA'NTAPLE, Adj. that which maybe 
 given or yielded to another, though he has 
 no claim to it. 
 
 GRAN' E'E, S. in Law, the perfon to 
 whom any grant is made. 
 
 GR A'NT OR, S. the perfon tlmt yields or 
 grants any thing to another. 
 
 G.>< A'NULAVy, Adj. [from grar.uU^ 
 which fee] fmail and compafl, refcmbling a 
 fmal! grain or feed. 
 
 To GRA'NULATE, V. N {gr nuler, Fr. 
 from granux, Lat. ) to be formed into fmall 
 particles cr grains. Aifhvcjy, to break into 
 fmall mafles or grains; to raiie in inequalities, 
 rt'prefcntir'g feeds or grain. 
 
 GRaNULA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 forming into fmall mafles ref-mbling grain. 
 
 GRA'NULE, S. a particle, atom, or glo- 
 bule ; a Imali compaft particle, refembiing a 
 feed or grain of corn. 
 
 GR.A'NUL0US, Adj. full of 1 ttle grains. 
 
 GRAPE, S [g'-t!l^pc, Fr. grafpola, Ital.] 
 a fingle berry ot the vine, which grows in 
 cluilcrs, the jiuce of which is wine. 
 
 GRt'PESTONE, S. the (lone or feed of 
 a grape. 
 
 GRA'PHICAL, Adj [from y^a^^x, Gr.] 
 sppe.ir:ng as if wiittcn; well formed, de- 
 fcribed, or delien !ted. " The letters will 
 " grow more hirge and ^r<r^i{'/i-t;/." Bac. 
 
 GRAPHICALLY, Adv. well defcribedj 
 dtfcribsd minurely, or in a pi(fturefque man- 
 ner. " The civit cat is ^rd/;ife;Vrf/^ defcrib- 
 " ed by Caflpllus " Bniin. 
 
 GR.-'PNEL, S. ^grajln, Fr.] a fmall 
 rnchor bclo.-gi- g to a little veflel ; a grap- 
 pling iion, ufcd in a fea- fight to fallen Ihips 
 together. 
 
 'To GRA'PPLE, V. N. \grppan, "^ax. 
 
 gycppare, Iiaj.j to l:.y fall iicld on a perfon ; 
 
 ;o combat, or engage in clofefioht ; tofdften, 
 
 unite, cr join infep.irably " Cr^ipUi you to 
 
 ' the heart and love of us " ■'-hak. 
 
 GRA'PPLE, S. a clofe combat, in which 
 perfi)nsfci7.e fafl hold on tacli other; an iron 
 •nfliumtnr, ufcd tofadcn one Ihip to another, 
 
 TtRA'SIER S. See Grazier. . 
 
 I'd GRASP, V.A. [j:r«,7^rf,Ital.j to holtj
 
 G R A 
 
 in tbe hand wilh the fingers fliiit ; to feize, 
 or catch at ; to ftruggle, drive, or grapple. 
 " As one that gialpt and tugg'd for Hfe." 
 Shak, 1 o gfipe ; to encroach ; to be infati- 
 abk-inone'- puri nit after riches. '■'■\V\\ograJps 
 ani^ grafpi till he can hold no more." Dryd. 
 
 GRaSP, S. the gripe or feizure of the 
 hand j the zCt of holding a thing in the hand 
 with the fingers Ihift or doubled over it j pof- 
 ie/Tion or hold. 
 
 GKA'SPER, S. one who feizes, grafps, 
 or catches at. 
 
 GRASS, S. [g-s!, Goth.] the comnnon 
 herbage of the fields, on which cattle feed, 
 of which there are feveral fpecies. 
 
 To GRASS, V. N. to produce grafs. 
 
 GRA'SSHOPPER. S. a fmall infe^, 
 found among the fummer grafs, named from 
 its hopping, for which it is remarkably form- 
 ed by nature. 
 
 ' GRA'sSPLAT, S. a fmalllcvel piece of 
 ground in a garden, &c. covered with grafs. 
 GRA'SSY, Adj. covered with, or abound- 
 ing in grafs. 
 
 GRATE, S. [crates, Lat] a partition 
 made with iron bars, or wires eroding each 
 other, placed at the windows or other aper- 
 tures of prifons, cloiflers, or tradefmen's 
 /hops; a receptacle vvith ron bars, fixed in 
 kitchen.-, within which fires are made. 
 
 To GRATE, V. A [gratter, Fr.J to rub, 
 or wear off the particles from any thing by 
 lub'jihg it J to offend by any thing h.irlh or 
 vexatious ; to offend the ear by a harfh and 
 dif.igreeable found ; to make a difagreeable 
 or harlh found by drawing one hard thing o- 
 Ver another. 
 
 GRA'TEFUL, Adj. [grains, Lat.] having 
 a due fenfe of benefits conferred ; pleafing ; 
 agreeabie j delightful to the fenfes or mind ; 
 tlelicious. 
 
 _ GRA'TEFULLY, Adv. in a manner wil- 
 ling to acknowledge, repay, and retain a pro- 
 per fcnfe of an obligation ; in a pleafing or 
 agreeable manner 
 
 GRA'TEFULNESS, S. gratitude; the 
 quality of being agreeable, acceptable, or 
 afTording delight. 
 
 GRA'TER, S. [gratoh; Fr.] a kind of 
 coarfe file, or inftrument formed of tin or 
 filver punched in holes, with which foft 
 things are rubbed to powder. 
 
 GRATIFICA'TION, S [Yt. gratlfcatio, 
 Lat.] ihc aift of pleafing ; the aifl of comply- 
 ing with, and anTweriiig the cravings of the 
 feufudi appetites ; pleafure; delight; a re- 
 ward or rtcom pence. ' 
 
 To GRA' , IFY, V. A. [gratlfjcr, Fr.] to 
 indulge ; to plcaie by compliance j to do a 
 llung in order to plcafe or delight ; to rccjuite, 
 repay, or reward. 
 
 GRA'TINGLY,Adv.har(hly;oirennvely, 
 
 GRA'I iS,Adv.[Lat.] fornothing; with- 
 out being paid, or receiving any thing in 
 leturji. 
 
 GRA 
 
 CRA'TITUDE, S. a virtue, confining in 
 a due fenfc and outward acknowlegement of 
 a benefit received, togetlur with a rcadinefs 
 to return the fame, or the like. 
 
 GRAJ'U'ITOUS, Adj [gratmtus, Lat. 
 graiuiti7r.'\ voluntary, orgianted either with- 
 out afking or merit ; alierted without proof. 
 '■ T his ^rflf7;7>o.vj declination of a' oms "Rcy, 
 
 GRATU'irOUSLY, Adv without claim 
 or merit ; without proof. " I his obliquity of 
 " direftion which they gratuitoujly tick to 
 " matter." Cheyne. 
 
 GRA.U'HY, S. [gratuue, Fr.] a free 
 gi'ft ; a prefent ; an ackn -.vledgment. 
 
 I o GRA' 1 ULATE, V. A. \^,atulatus, of 
 gratulor, Lat.] to congratulate. 
 
 GRA ; ULA'TION, [gratulano, Lat.] fa- 
 lutations made by exprelung joy ; compli- 
 ments expredino joy ; an cxprellion of joy. 
 
 GRA'ti'LATORY, Adj. cxprefling joy 
 for the fuccefs, preferment, or good fortune 
 of another ; congj-atulatory. 
 
 GRAVE, S. gr^rf. Sax. j a hole dug in the 
 ground wherein a dead body is, or is to be 
 b'jiied. 
 
 To GRAVE, V A. fpret. grained, particip. 
 pair. ^7-tf'^fK, y^xf-ji, Gr.) to cut figur^ s or in- 
 scriptions with a Iharp pointed tool on any hard 
 fubJhmce or mta! ; to copy pictures or w/ iiinps 
 with a (harp pointed inltrumenr, on v.-ood, 
 copper, or pewter, in order to be printed on 
 paper ; to inter, entomb, or bury : An ob- 
 ieletc fenfe. " Ditches graire you all." Si'ak, 
 Toclean,-t:aulk,or fcr.ipe the bottom of a fliip. 
 
 GRAVE, Adj. [Fr.gra-vis, Lat.] folcain ; 
 ferious ; of a model} colour', not ihowy or taw- 
 dry. Not Iharp or acute, applied to Ibund. 
 
 GRA'VE-^-L.OATHS, S. the particular 
 drefs of the dead ; a (hroud. 
 
 GRA'VEL, S. [giwiei , FT.graw/hi, Ital.] 
 a kmdof ea/th ufed for walks in gardens, tiic 
 finer part of which is vellow,and appears like a 
 large gritted faiid, and thecoarfcr is acosnpofi- 
 \ioii of flints-orfiiiallpcbble-ftones. InPliyfic, 
 a difeafc in the kiduic's or bladder, occafioned 
 by a gritty collu'lion of matter therein, where- 
 by the due fecrttion and excretion of the u- 
 rine is impeded. When this fubl^ance (trong- 
 ly cohere.':, and forms a hard mafs, it is then 
 called they?jw? 
 
 To GRA'VEL, V. A. to pave or cover with 
 gr.T.cl; to puzzle, put to a ftand, or cmbarrals 
 a perfon with (ome difficulty he cannot folve. 
 
 GRA'VTLESS,S. without a grave ortomb. 
 
 CiltAVE'Li.Y, Adj. [gra-vd^ux, Fr.j con- 
 fifling or abounding in gravel. 
 
 GR.'\.'VKLY, Adv. in a fjlcmn, or feri- 
 ou.s manner ; witiiout gauditu-fs or fliow 
 
 GRA'VIiNESS, S. fcriouinds; folcmnity, 
 
 GRA'VER,S. [gra-veur,Vr. '"ceCrn-z.-cthc 
 verb ) an engiavcr, or one who copies defign.s 
 with a fliarp pointed tool or (lilc, on mc'alsor 
 wood to be printed on paper. 'Ihe C.ileor 
 fliarp pointed irillrument ufed hvan cncrravcr. 
 
 GRA'VIDITY, S. [^ra-vhlita^, Lat.j the 
 
 II.. l:
 
 G R E 
 
 ftate of bring v.-th child, •" The fi^ns of 
 •' grai'idity." jirbuib. 
 
 GRAVING, S. any pi^ce engraved; car- 
 ved work " J o grave any manner oi gra- 
 fifg ;" 7, Chron. ii. 14. 
 
 To GRA'VJTATE, V. N. [frorr gravis 
 Lat ] to tend to the cenier. 
 
 GRAVIIA'TION, S. the aft of tending 
 to the center. 
 
 GRA'VITY, S, gra-vtt/, Fr. gn-.r-ita^, 
 Lat.} weight ; hcavinels; the power or virtue 
 Lv which boJies naturally tend to the center. 
 dra-v\t\', applied to the nr.f.ne of ri(flions, de- 
 notes their nature, or qua'ity ; but when ap- 
 plied to crimes, their atrccioufncfs. " Tc 
 " pui'.ilh the injury, accorJing to x\\t gia-v'ity 
 ♦' of the faft.". Hncke. Applied to the coun 
 tenance or beliaviour, fcrioufnefi ; folemni 
 ty; miijefly ; or awfulnefs. 
 
 GRA'Vif, S. the juice which runs from 
 meat when not over-done. 
 
 GRAY, Adj {gr/rg^ Srix.] white with a 
 mixture ot bbck. White or hoary with age, 
 applied tc the hair. Blue with a mixtuie of 
 Llick; refen bling the colour of aflies. 
 
 GRA'Y-BEARD, S. f.guiatively, an old 
 TTiar : ufed in contempt. " Afraid to tell 
 " grn-;-Uatdi the truth." Shck. 
 
 GRA'YL1NG,S. [nameJfrcm its colour.] 
 a filhof a fine fhape, white nefli, having its 
 teerh in its throat, found ia the fame rivers 
 irith trout, and uken with th; Uv^^c baits, 
 and in the fame manner. 
 
 GRA'YNESS, S the quality of being 
 gra^', or being hoary by age. 
 
 To GRAZE, V. N [-rjfdti, Sax.] to eat 
 rr feed on grai's; tc produce grafs j to br.uh 
 in parting; to touch lightly, generally ap- 
 plied to a bu'let " Like to the bullet's. 
 g'uz'.Kg." Shak. Actively, to tend, to kt 
 CJttle to feed on grafs ; to e^t or feed upon 
 t>rafs. " Lambs uiih wolves fnailfi-ax:- the 
 verdiint mead." Fo^e. 
 
 GRA'ZIER, S. one whofe trade is to feed 
 or breed cattle for food. 
 
 GREASE, S [pronounced grecfe ; from 
 gr^'J)':, Fr.] the foft p trt of the fat of animals . 
 in Farriery, a fwelling and goindineA of the 
 heels, occafioned by hard labour, colds, tifc. 
 
 'Jo GREASE, V. A. to finear, anoint, to 
 foot with grcjfe; to bribe or cot rupt with 
 prcfcnts. " '1 he ^rfj.'V advocate." Drvd. 
 A li»v word. 
 
 GREASINESS, S. oilinefs, or fati?efs. 
 GRE'ASY, Adj. oily; fat; fpotted or 
 fmeared with greafc ; Cv)rpulcnt. A Term 
 of reproach. " '\'h\sgreafy knight." Sluk. 
 
 GREAT, Adj. [^xoTiouncd gf ate oi gnat, 
 Sax. e' -<•■•'. I^<^lft' J '^""S^ ^" hwVK, number or 
 quantity ; having any cju.ility in a high de- 
 "rce. Long or conliderablc. applied to time, 
 or duratioa. Chief or principal. " The_g-rf.:r 
 *' fcal." t'hak. High in lunk, orextenfivc 
 in power ; illuftrious, or emir. :nt. " Great 
 " in might." Jcr. x. 6. Majc^.ic, or grand 
 
 G R E 
 
 in afpe£l or mien. «' She walks ferendy 
 '■' greui.'"' Waller. Haugluy, fwelling, or proud, 
 " Difcouraged with ^ivar looks." Kr.o'.ks. To 
 hi ^rcat with, to be familiar, or intimately 
 accjuainted. " Thofe that are gr^iJt "u.tb 
 " them." Bac, Teeming, or witli child. " A 
 ^' great belly." In pedigree it is added in 
 every llep of afcending Cunlanguinity beyond 
 a father or grandfather, and in every flep of 
 defcending conCanguinitybeyonda grandfon : 
 Thus a ^r^af- grandfon is the f^n of a per- 
 fon's grandfon. A ^^/Mr-grandfiiher, the fa- 
 ther of a perfon's grandfather, or the grand- 
 father of a perlon's father; and ^rw/-unclc 
 is the uncle of a perfju's father. 
 
 GRE'AT-.RELLIED, Adj. pregnant; 
 with chili. " Great bdlicd women." Slak, 
 
 To GRE'ATEN, V. N. to enlarge ; to 
 make great, powerful, or rich. Not in ufc. 
 
 GREAT-HE ARTED, Adj. hgh fpirit- 
 cd ; proud. " The enrl as g'cat-b atrd as 
 " he, declared he neither cared foi his friend- 
 " (hip, nor feared his hatred." Clarcnd. 
 
 G RE'ATLY, Adv. very much ; in a great 
 or high degree ; nobly ; in an ilhiftrious man- 
 ner. " Thoa greatly didft expire." Vryd, 
 Couragioufly ; bravely. " Greatly turn their 
 " backs againll the foe " AddiJ. 
 
 GRt'A'rNtSS, S. largenefs, applied to 
 quantity, fize, or number High place or 
 dignity; a confcioufnei's of fuperior birth or 
 rank. " 'Tis not of pride or greatrcfs he 
 " Cometh riot on bourJ." Ba:. Magnanimity, 
 " noblcnefi. '* Gnatitcjsoi ai'md." I'ar.Loji, 
 Grandeur; flate ; magnificence. 
 
 GRE'CISM, S. [grieafuMi, Lat.] a con- 
 rti^fllun, idiom, or exprcffion peculiar to the 
 Greek langu-ige. 
 
 GRE'f.DILY,Adv. in an eager, hafly, or 
 ravenous manner; with keen appetite or dc- 
 fne. 
 
 GRE'EDINESS, S. \gredigrcffe, Siix.] ra- 
 vcnoufnefs; voracious hunger; eagernefs of 
 appetite or dcfire. 
 
 GRE'EDY, Adj, f^/W.;^-, Sax.] ravenous; 
 hungry ; incited with a violent defirc of fcod j 
 eager ; vehemently dchroiis. 
 
 'green. Adj. [grenc, Sax.] having a co- 
 lour like that of grafs: in compofitions of dy- 
 ing and painting, made by mining blue or 
 black, :.nd yellow toge.hir. Flouriihing; frelh; 
 undcciiyed ; new, or lately made. " A wen 
 " wound." Unripe; imiUature; young, allu- 
 ding to fruits being green before they arc ripe. 
 
 green, S the colour of gr.^fs, or that 
 which lefembles it. In Optics, it is one of 
 the original, fm.ple, or primary rays of light ; 
 but in dying is caufed by compounoing blee 
 and yellow, (^c. As this colour ratl.er re- 
 frefh'es than impairs the bght, thegoodriefs of 
 Providence is manifefted in caufing it to be rc- 
 flL-dled from the furface of vegetables, prefe- 
 rably to any other. Figuratively, a plain co- 
 vered with grafs. The leaves ot tiecs and ve- 
 getables, oppofcd to their flowers. In Cook-
 
 G R E 
 
 ery, ufed in the plural for thofe plants which 
 are of 'his colouf, and eaten boiled. 
 
 GRE'EN- BROOM, S. a (lirub which 
 grows wild upon barren heaths, and is uftd 
 in makinn befoms. 
 
 GRE'EN-CLOTH, S. aboard, or court 
 of juftice, held in the counting-hoiifc of the 
 king's houlhold, for taking cognizance of nli 
 matters of govcrninent and juffice within the 
 king's court royal, and for correfting all the 
 fervants that offend. 
 
 GRE'( NEYED, Adj. havingeyes colour- 
 ed vvlt'n green. " Gra>ieyciJ ]eAouCy.'" 
 
 GRP.'ENFINCH, S. [gmiifnc, Teut.J a 
 bird, fo called from its colour. 
 
 GRE ENGAGE, S. a fpecies of plumb of 
 a green colour. 
 
 GRE'FNHOUSE, S. a honfe or place iiv 
 which exotics or tender plants are kept from 
 the inclemencies of our climate, and furnifl)- 
 ed with fuch a degree of heat as is proper to 
 mrke them grow. 
 
 GR£'ENlt;H, Adj, fomcwhat green ; 
 tending to green. 
 
 Gi'^E'ENLY, Adj. with a grecnifh colour; 
 newly; fieiljly ; immaturely. 
 
 GRE'iNNEiS, 3. the quality of being 
 green, or prefei ving verdure. Figar.itivcly, 
 a ilatc of immaturity or u.^ripenefs ; r-ewncfb' 
 
 GRE'ENSICKNESS. S. in Medicine, a 
 diforder incident to virgins, fo calkd from 
 the palcnefs with which it is attended. 
 
 GR E'ENS\VARD,or GRE'ENS WORD, 
 S. the turf on which grufs grows ; a field. 
 
 GRE'ENWOOD, S. wood conlidcred as 
 it appears when its leaves are out. 
 
 70 GP,EET, V. A. [^re!£n,rjetta?t, Sax. J 
 to addrefsat a meeting; to fa'.ute in kindnefs 
 or refpeft ; to con.gratul»te ; to wifh health ; 
 to fend or pay compliments at a diffancc. 
 
 GRE ETER, S. he th.t pays his compli- 
 ments to another. 
 
 GRE'ETING, S. falutation, or compli- 
 ment. 
 
 GREGA'RIOUS, Adj. [gregwius, Lat.] 
 aflimbllng in fio. ks or herds. " No birds of 
 " pr"y ire gregiirious." Riiy. 
 
 GRE'NADltR, S. Ign-Miiier, Fr.j a fall 
 foldier, armed as other foldieis, btfidesa pouch 
 full of grenadoes, from whence the name is 
 derived. Every battalion of foot has a com- 
 pany of grenadiers belonging to it. 
 
 GRE'NADE, or GRENADO, S, \gre- 
 nade, Fr] a hollow ball of iron, brafs, glafs, 
 or potters earth, filkd wiih gunpowder, and 
 fitted with a fufee to give it fire. When the 
 fire reaches the hollow of the ball, the cafe 
 flics into pieces, which greatly hurt, if not 
 kill thofe they ftrike. 
 
 GRENT, S a fofhle body, coufifling of a 
 congeries of cry rtuls, or fparks of fpar, of the 
 Czeof bay fait, andof a brown fliining colour. 
 
 GREW, preter of C-Voiy. 
 
 GREY, Adj. Sec C/ «.;);, which is the moft 
 proper fpelling. 
 
 G R I 
 
 CRE'YHOUND, S. [formerly wtltten 
 grey bund, of grighund. Sax. or of grey, Ifl, 
 a dog, and l^unta, Ifl. a hunter] a tall fleet 
 hound that chafes in fight. 
 
 To GRIDE, V N. {grUarc Ital.] to Cut J 
 to make way by cutting. " The griding 
 " fword." Par. Loft. 
 
 GRi'DELTN, S. a colour compounded of 
 white and red. 
 
 GRIDI'RON, S. a mo>reah!e frame or 
 grate of iron iiars placed parrellel to each 
 other, whrch isufedtodrefsvihuaisover afire. 
 
 GRR- F, S. [pronounced ^r^/-/"; from^r^ 
 Brit. J forrowfor fomething which is palt ; a 
 grievance, opprefllon, or injury. " For redrefs 
 " of all ihti't gnefs." Stak. Pain, or difeafe 
 
 GRIE'VANCE, S. that which makes a 
 perfon unedfy,generally applied to the anions 
 or conduf; of another. 
 
 To GKIEVE V.A. [pronounced j-»f<wj 
 gre-uer, Fr.] to afRirt ; to hurt; to make a 
 perfon tmeafy hy fome unkind or ofFenfivc 
 iO'wn; to be fjrrowful. 
 
 GRIE'VINGLY, Adv. with forrow; for- 
 rowfuily. 
 
 tSRIE'VOU.S, Adj. [gra-z^ls, Lat. S« 
 Grirw] afHiaive, or cauling p^in not eafily 
 borne ; caufing forrow; e.xprelling great un- 
 eaiinefs. " Grie-vous complaints " Chr. 
 Great, or atrocious, applied lo crimes. " It 
 was a irrk"jous fault." iibak. 
 
 GRIE'VOUSLY. Adv. with great ofTencc, 
 difcuntent or ill will; prodigioufly, orfoas 
 to accafion great uneafm.;fs. •■■ GricvzvUy 
 vexed." Hooker. - ^ 
 
 GRI£'VOUS:>IESS, S. forrow ; p,!n ; 
 a flats of Calamity, oppreffion, or wretched- 
 neis. " T he j^/'irt/cK^j/zf/icif war." //i/. xxi 15. 
 
 GRI'FP-IN, or GRCFFON, S. a fabled 
 animal, fjid to be generated between a lion 
 and an eagle, having th? head and paws of 
 the former, and the wings of the latter. 
 
 GRIG, S. in its primary icnk, fignifies 
 any thing below the natural fizej a fpecies 
 of eels. Figuratively, a merry, a^ive, and 
 jocofe perfon. 
 
 To GRILL, V. N. [grUU,Yt.] to broil 
 or drefs meat on a giiJiron. 
 
 To GRI'LLY, V. A. [itom grill.} tohar. 
 
 "^^■., " "^*'e'ic^''//'V<^ all at Temple-Bar." 
 
 Iitidib. 
 
 GRIM, Adj. \grlnma, Sax.] having a 
 fierce or awfully fuiien countenance ; hide- 
 ous; frightful ; ugly : ill-looking. " Grim- 
 " vifag'd war has fmooth'd his wrinkled 
 " front." Sbdk. 
 
 _ GRIMA'CE, S. [Fr. See Griw.] a diflor- 
 tion of the countenance from hal)it, alfccSta- 
 (ion, or infolence ; vulgarly filled making 
 mouths. An air of aficclation. 
 
 GRIMA'LKIN. S. an .ippellative for an 
 old gray cat. " Grimolkin to domeftic ver- 
 " min fworn— an cverlafiing foe." Philips. 
 
 GRIME, S. [from jrWw] dirt that is in- 
 grained or not cafiiy wallicd off. 
 
 T»
 
 G R I 
 
 to GRIME, V A. to dirt fo as it cannot 
 t)C eafily wallied off. 
 
 GRl'MLY, Adv. in a terrible, hideous, 
 or horrible manner. Jn a fierce, flern, or 
 liillen manner, applied to the looks. 
 1 GX I'lNINES.S, S. a look which proceeds 
 from the ficiccnefs or fuller.nefs ot a pcrfon's 
 dirpofitiun. 
 
 To GRIN, V. N. [v-rtnriay.. Sax. grma- 
 ici , Fr.] to fct the tecih together, and wirh- 
 draw the lips, uf^d both as a fign of mirth, 
 and anguifli. 
 
 GRIn', >. the z(\ of clollngthe teeth, and 
 ■withdraivirg the iips from them, fo 3Sto cx- 
 pofe them to v;( w ; the ..ft of Ihewing the 
 teeth, ufcd as an t.^i.fi of mirth, or anguiih. 
 
 ToGRIND,V.A. [pret. andparticip pad; 
 ^rourd, grimian, bax. ; to reduce any thing to 
 powder by attrition or rubbing ; to ftiarpen 
 or fmoolh by rubbipg on fomethinghard , to 
 rub one agaiiifl aiiother; toharrafs oropprefs 
 by ejitcrticn, 7o fliarpen an indrument by 
 holding it on a round itone,\\ hich is turned a- 
 boutthewhiiejtoinoveamillj to fix the teeth 
 clofe, and move them, fo as to make a noife. 
 
 GRI'NDER, S. one who grinds or works 
 In a nn ilj the ialirument of grinding. In 
 irony, or contempr, the teeth in general are 
 «alkd by tiiis n iiiH-. 
 
 GR FNDL KSTONE, or G R I' N D- 
 STOME, S. the flone on which edged tools 
 are (harpcned 
 
 GR.IN N£R , S. one who grins or fiiuts his 
 teeth, and opens his lips fo as to expofe them. 
 
 GRrNNINGLY, Adv. with a grinning 
 laugh ; in a grinning manner 
 
 To GRFPE, V. A. [grel^a>i, Go^h.] to 
 hdid tight in the hand; to foueeze with the 
 fingers ciofcd over it ; to catch eagerly ; to 
 feize ; to opprefr, ; to pinch, prefs, or fijueeze; 
 to pinch the belly; to give the cliolic, at- 
 tended with a fii.trp pain in the bowels. 
 
 GRIPE,S. See the verb] agrafp or ftiziire 
 of the hand or paw ; a foueeze or prcITure. 
 Figuratively, opprefiion, extortion, or crufhing 
 power. In theplural.tht l)elly-acli; the cholic. 
 
 GRI'FER, S. one v\ ho opprefles the poor j 
 an i.'ftirer ; an e:-:tortif ncr. 
 
 G\lI']'JN(;jLY,Adv. attended with a pain 
 in the belly. 
 
 GRIS.VMBER, S. a corruption of amber- 
 grcafc. " Cnfa'uLer (!cam'd " Milt. 
 
 GRI'SKIN'.S. [grifghi, Ir.] the b.ick bone 
 of a hoc. 
 
 GRl'SLY, M}.\griJlie,S!X^.] dreadful; 
 lionid. 
 
 GR I'ST, S toll taken by the miller when 
 he grinds cthf r people's corn ; corn to be 
 ground. Figi;ratively, a fiipply of provifion. 
 To bring grijf to tbe n:i:l is a figurative and pro- 
 verbial espreflion for producing profit or gain. 
 
 CRI'SThE, S. [grjh, S-ix. I in Anato. 
 ny, a cartilage, or flefhy fubflance, very 
 clailic, toi;eh, and next in hardnefsto a bone. 
 
 GRl'STLY, Adj. cartilaginous; coiiful- 
 
 G R O 
 
 ing of griftle ; having the nature or prnpef-' 
 lies of giiftle. 
 
 Gil, S. \gyfct., Sax.) br^n, or the 
 coarfe part of meal ; oats huftied, and coarfc- 
 ly ground ; fand; a particle of fard ; rough, 
 haul, particles 
 
 Gi<I'TTINESS, S. fandinefs; the quali- 
 ty of aboil ding in grit, or little, rough, 
 hard, and faiidy particles. 
 
 GRI' n Y, Adj full of little, rough, 
 h'ard, and fandy particles. 
 
 G 'X J'ZELINT, S. a corrupt/on of Gn4e!in. 
 
 GRl'ZZLE, S. Igrijaile, Fr.J a co'oiir 
 made of a mixture of white and b!ack, mofl 
 commonly applied to that of perukes, or thff 
 hair ; gray. 
 
 GR'rzZLED,Adj. interfperfed with black 
 and white hairs; gray. 
 
 To GROAN, V. N. {grr.tiian. Sax.] to 
 breathe with a hoarfe noife, in pain or agony. 
 
 GROAN, S. fgro-zi.'n, Frit.] a deep ligh, 
 attended v\ith a hoirfe,noife, made by per- 
 fons in pain and agony. Figuratively, any 
 ho;.rfe, dead found. 
 
 CROAT, S. (pronounced ^/az/r] a fdver 
 CO n, value four- pence : hence it is uf d for 
 fcur-pcnce, though, confifting of coppei coin. 
 The lilver money, in the Saxon times were 
 of no greater value than a penny, which be- 
 ing divided quarterly en the reverfe, when 
 they wanted a fai thing, they broke it into 
 four pieces. This, according to fome, was 
 the only money we had, even after the con- 
 queft, till Edward I. coined ^,r^tM nr gr^an, 
 i e. great pennies, or pieces, which went 
 for four-pence, about 1351. This was the 
 frate of our coin, till Henry VIII. in 15 4.^ 
 firft coined fhiilings, Groa:s in the plural, 
 from groct. Sax. Ugnifies oats that have the 
 hulls taken ofT. 
 
 GROWER, S. one that buys and fells 
 teas, fugars, plumbs, &'c. A gr en-grocei-y 
 is one that buys and fells greens. 
 
 GRO'CERY, S the waies fold byagrocer, 
 fuch as tea, fugar, raifins, fpicc, &c. 
 
 GRO'GERAM,GRO'GRAM, or GRO'- 
 GR.AN, .S. a fort of fluff", all f:lk, woven 
 with a large woof, and a rough pile 
 
 GROIN, S. [generally pronounced j-r/w} 
 that part of ilie body which is between the 
 belly and the thigh, 
 
 GROOM, S. [grom. Belg. a boy] a boy, 
 waiter, or fervant ; one uho tends or looks 
 after horfes ; a man nev,ly married. " By 
 " th.is tlie brides are waked, \.\\tr grooms are 
 " dreflcd." Dryd. ^ce Bridc^rccm. 
 
 GROOVE, S. [grobs, Goth.] a deep ca- 
 vern or hollow in a mine. " Vv^ork in a 
 " groove ox mine-pit." Boyle, A channel, 
 or hollow rut in wood. 
 
 To GROOVE, V. A. to cut hollow, or in 
 channels. 
 
 To GROPE, V. N. Igrapan, gratian. 
 Sax.] to feel one's way out in cale ot blind- 
 ncfs or darknefs ; to have an imperfc<i\ idea 
 
 of
 
 G R O 
 
 of a thing; to feel after a thing where a per- 
 ibn C''nnt)t fee. 
 
 GRO'PER.. S. one who fearches after, or 
 endeavours to find a thing in the dark. 
 
 GROSS, Adj. Igros, Fr. grofo, Ital.J 
 larfje, thick, or bulky, applied to fize. 
 Shameful, very erroneous, coarfe, or pal- 
 pable, applied to fentinients. Clumfy, or in- 
 «le^ant, applied to fliapc Thick, applied 
 ■to the conliftence of any fluid. Stupid, or 
 <ii:!l, applied to the underftanding. Coarfe, 
 thick, fat or bulky, applied to the fize of 
 the body. Impure j foul, applied to the hu- 
 mours of the body. 
 
 GROSS, S. the main body or main force 
 of an army ; the bulk ; the whole. The 
 major part or body, applied to number, or a 
 colle<ftion of men. In Commerce, a num- 
 ber confifting of twelve dozen, or one hun- 
 dred and forty-foi;r. 
 
 GRO'SSLY, Adv. in large or coarfe par 
 tides. Without any fubtiety, art, or deli- 
 cacy; flagrantly, or palpably. " Grojsly 
 ■" mifreprefented." Szvift. 
 
 GROr, S. \grotte, Fr. grotta, Ital] a 
 cave, or cavern formed and frequented for 
 coolnefs, or pleafurc. See Grotto. 
 
 GROTE'SQUE, Adj. [Fr grotefco, Ital.] 
 4iftorted in figure; unnatural ; \vi dly form- 
 ed, withcutany reg^ird to natureorpropiietv. 
 
 GRO'TTO, S \grMte,Yr. g'Ctta, ItaL] 
 a cavern or cave made for pleafuie. Ufed 
 rometime.<;^ as by tiie Italians, from whom 
 it is derived, for a da.'-k < r honid caver.? 
 
 GROVE, S. [gra-f. Sax.] a walk formed 
 by trees, whofe branches meet above. 
 
 To GRO'VEL, V N. to lie proftrate, 
 or with one's belly on the ground ; to creep 
 along with one's belly on the ground ; to 
 have low, mean or abje<rt thoughts. 
 
 GROUND, S. [grund, Sax.] the earth, 
 confidercd as that which fupports us wjjen 
 walking, as oppofed to air or water, or as fi- 
 tuated low ; land ; a country; a farm, eftatc^ 
 or poflcdion; the floor or level of a place. 
 In the plural, the dregs, lees, or that which 
 fettles at the bottom of liquors. In Paint- 
 ' ing, the firft layer of colours, or that on 
 which the images are painted and defcribed. 
 The firft principles, applied to knowledge 
 or fcience. The fpace occupied by an army, 
 as they fig'it, advance, or retreat ; trie inter- 
 vening fpce, or difiance b-.-tween the flitr 
 and purfuer. Hence, to /i5/>r's.v/.v/, applird 
 to an army, is to be driven backwards To 
 Jiand ire'"} gruifid, is to make a power tul re- 
 finance, 'lo get ground, is to gain advantage 
 over an enemy applied to an army ; to make 
 aprogrefs, applied to an opinion. 
 
 To GROUND, . A. 'to fix or fupport 
 upon the ground ; to build, found, or fettle 
 as upon a caiifc or firft principle, applied to 
 opinions T"o fettle in the firft principles or 
 r::dimcntsafknowledge,appliedtoinftrudtJon. 
 
 GROUND, S. the prftci- of Crf:d. 
 
 G R O 
 
 GROUND-ASH, S. a tree, fo called, be- 
 caufe its Ihoots grow near the ground, on ac- 
 count of its being cut, when young, about 
 an inch from the earth. 
 
 Gi<OU'ND,B'\IT, S. a bait made of bar- 
 ley, or malt boiled, feV. wliich is throw« 
 into the rivsr, where you intend to angle, 
 and finking to the bottom, or ground, draws 
 the fifa after it. 
 
 GROU'NDFLOOR, S. the lower Hory of 
 a houfc, level with the external ground. 
 
 GROU'NDIVY, S. a pi.mt, Ukewifo 
 named aid. oof, or lur.I.ocf. 
 
 GROU'ND ESS, Adj. .without any foun- 
 dation, renfon, or juftice. 
 
 GROU'NiJLESSLY. Adv. in an unjiia 
 manner ; without rcafon, caufe,or foundation, 
 
 GROUND'LESSNESS, S, wantof caule, 
 foundation, or fupport. 
 
 GROU'NDf JNG, S. a fift, which keeps 
 at the bottom of the water. Figuintiveiy,..a 
 perfbn of mean groveling, or vulgar tiioughts, 
 
 GROU'ND-OAK, S. a kind of, low p#k, 
 or underwood. 
 
 GROU'ND-PfNE, S a plant growing pa 
 dry and barren'hills. 
 
 GROU'ND-PLATE, S. in ArchiteaurCg 
 the outermofl pieces of timber lying on or 
 near the ground, and framed into one ano- 
 ther with mortifes and tenons. 
 
 GROU'KD-PLOT, S. the ground on 
 which any building is placed ; the jchno- 
 praphy of a building. 
 
 GROU'ND-RENT, S. rent paid for th® 
 ground on- which an honfe is built. 
 
 GROU'ND-ROOM, S, a joom on ihs 
 lower (lory. 
 
 GROU'NDSEL, S. the foot ppft of 3 
 door ; or the timber or raifed paven5ent ,of 
 a houfe next the door ; a threlhold, Jfi 
 Borany, the fenccio, Lat. and hncon, Fr. It 
 is placed in the fcccnd ^zL\. of Tournefoit's 
 I ah clafs, and in the fecond fc<fi. of Lin- 
 nxus's iith. It is alfo fpelt ^loundfd, 
 
 GROU'NDWORK, S. in Painting, tiaat 
 colour or p rt on which all the. images are 
 drawn. A foundation of a building. FigU' 
 ratively, the fundamentals, or firft pait.of 
 an undertaking ; the rudiments, or firft 
 pinciplesof a fcience ; the true capfe,, aW' 
 tion, or reaf^n. 
 
 GROUP, S. [pronounced g'-oop, groufpe, 
 Fr. Crapf-o, Ital.J in PainlingVud Sculpture, 
 an affemblage or knot of two or more figufe« 
 of men, ts^c. Figuratively, a crowd ; % 
 clufler ; a huddle ; a number thronged to- 
 gether. 
 
 To GROUP, V. A. in Painting, to ^?- 
 fcribe or introduce fev.erai figures, into onj 
 piece. 
 
 GROUSE, S. a kind of fowl, named 
 Lciith-gair.e. 
 
 GROUT, S[Greo\ Sax. 1 coarfe ffiCil or 
 poilaid ; -a kind of wild apple. 
 I To GROW, V. N. [pret.cv f •■•«', r^^'
 
 G U A 
 
 GRUM, Adj. [contr3{\ed from grumL'e.'J 
 furly, or murofe, applied to a perfon's looks. 
 " Nic. looked four and _^/-«r«." Hiji. of J- 
 Bull. 
 
 To GRU'MBLE, V. N. to murmur with 
 difcoutcnt ; to growl or fiiarl. '* Giumblirig 
 " o'er his pity.'' To make a hoarfe or rat- 
 tlint; noire, applied to tliunier. 
 
 GRU'MBLER, S. one that murmurs 
 with difcontcnt ; a difcontented perfon. 
 
 GRU'MBLING,S, a nuirmuririg through 
 difcontent. 
 
 GRUME, S. [greuweaii, Fr.^r?;»;7j,Lat.J 
 
 a thick viicid conlideiiGC of a fluid, like that 
 
 of the white of an egg, or like clotted blood. 
 
 GRU'MLY, Adv. in a morofc, four, or 
 
 fiirly manner. 
 
 GRU'MOUS, Adj. thick or dotted. 
 GRU MOUSN ESS, S. the thicknefs of any 
 curdled or clotted liquor. 
 
 To GRUNT, or GRUNTLR, V. A to 
 make a hoaife difcontentcd noifc, applied to 
 a hog. 
 
 GRUNT, S. the noife made by a hog. 
 GK.UNTK.R, S. one that grunts. Alow 
 word for a hog. 
 
 To GRUTCH, V. A. [corrupted from 
 grudge, for the fake of rliimej to envy, or 
 be uneafy at the advantage of another. '* I 
 " mull not ^-utch." But yohnjon. 
 
 GRUTCH, S. [See the verb] mslice or 
 ill- will. '' To whom iic bare fo fell igrutcb." 
 HuM. 
 
 GllARANTE'E, S. [pronounced ga- 
 ranue ; gjrar.t^ Fr. j a power who undcr- 
 tr.kes to fee the conditions of any league, 
 peace, or bargain performed. 
 
 To GUA'RANTY, V. .1. CpronounctJ 
 garaivy.] to undertake to fee the articles of 
 any treaty kept. 
 
 To GUARD, V. A. [pronounced garJ ; 
 
 Ballads \\iniK^\ garihr, Fr.] to watch in order to fecurefroni, 
 
 r pievc\U a furprize, or fuddeii danger ; to 
 
 To GRUDGE, V A.' to envy, or view | protect or defend j to antieip'te, or fecure 
 
 agiinll ohjcdtioDS, 
 
 GUARD, S. [pronounced ^j;-i, of garife, 
 t\. j a man, or body of men employed to 
 wjicli, in order to defend from danger, or 
 prevent turprizo. Ufed with oh or o^', a ftate 
 of caution or vigil'.nee. A limitation ; an- 
 ticiDdtion of an ohjeftioii. " Exprefltd 
 •• themfelves wiih as tew gi,jrJs and reftric- 
 •* x\on> M I." yitterb. In Fencing, an ac- 
 tion or po'fure proper to defend the body 
 from the efforts of an enemy. Advanced 
 jruard, is a party of horfe or foot which 
 marches before a corps to give notice of ap- 
 proaching danger. Main gujrd, is that from 
 which all the other guards are detached. 
 Piquet guard, is a number of horie and foot 
 always in readincD, in c^fe of an alarm, the 
 liorfcs being fadJK.d and their riders booted. 
 Guards, i<i the plural, is particularly applied 
 to tlwjfe troops or companies, which are kept 
 up to guard the king. In Allrotiomy, a 
 
 name 
 
 G R U 
 
 pafE ^f-imin] to incrcafe in length 6r fictent, 
 applied to the vcgc»tion of plants. To be 
 produced by vegetation ; to incicafc in (la- 
 turc, or bulk ; to proceed or aiife, as from a 
 caufe. To accrue, or become due, applied 
 to the incrcafeof intereft due on money lent. 
 " The funi that I do owe to you— is^i-iw 
 " Ing to me by Antipholis." ^huk. Applied 
 to the fea by mariners, to fwell or roll. 
 •' When the fea is never fo little grown." 
 B.aletgh. 
 
 GRO'WER, S. that which vegetates, or 
 increafes in height or bulk. 
 
 To GROWL, V. N. [grolU, Tcut J to 
 fiiarl; murmur; or grumble. 
 
 GROWN, [parL. pifi! of Grown.'] ad- 
 vanced in or increafcd by growth ; covered 
 or filled by the growth of any thing ; arrived 
 at full growth or (lature. 
 
 GROW i'H, S. vegetation ; vegetable 
 life ; increafe by ve^ctJtion j prodLKfl, or the 
 thing produced ; increafein number, bulk, 
 frequency, ftature, or impiovtnient. 
 
 GRO'WTHEAD, or GRO'WNI'OL, 
 S. a kind of fifh, fo called froni the greatneis 
 of its head. Figuratively, an idle, lazy perfon. 
 To GRUB, V. A. to dellroy or extirpa'e, 
 by digging or throwing up the foil ; to pull 
 up by the roots ; to dirt one's cloathsor flelh. 
 GRUB, S. in Natural Hilbry, a fmall 
 worm that eats holes in bodies. In Modi- 
 cine, a white unftuous pimple, or little tu 
 mour, arihng on the face, chiefly on the alas 
 of the nofe. , 
 
 To GRU'BBLE, V. N. [grubekr., Ger.]' 
 to grope, ur feel in the dark. '• Lst nie 
 *' rowl and ^rirTi-'t? thee." Dryd. 
 
 GRU'B-S TREET, S. the n-me of a ftrect 
 in London, once famous for ih.e relidence of 
 meaner and hireling authors. Ufed as an ad 
 jeftive, it iignlfies mean, low, and dull, 
 applied to compoiitions. 
 "and Gruhflnec lays." Gay 
 To GRUDGE, V A. i 
 the advantages of another with difcontent 
 and uneafmcfs; to give or take lln^^illillgly. 
 GRUDGE. S. an old cjiiarrcl. Figura- 
 • lively, ill-will, anger; refentment; envy; 
 or envious refentmcnt. "• l hole to whom 
 " you have \\'\X.\\ grudge preferred me." Ben 
 Jdhnfon. 
 
 GRU'DGING, S. the art of envying a 
 perfon what he has, or of giving with great 
 rehi£\ance. 
 
 GRU'EL, S. \gruclk, Fr J a kind of 
 fpoon-meat or broili, made of oatmeal boiled 
 in water; any kind of mixtu;c or broth, 
 made by boilii.g ingriJients n water. 
 
 GRUFF, Adj. \groff, Ctlg.J four, furly, 
 or morofe, applied to the afpcft and beha- 
 viour. 
 
 GRU'FFLY, Adv. in a four, morofe, or 
 furly manner. 
 
 GRU'FFHESS, S. harlhncfi of voice, or 
 furlincfs of look.
 
 G U E 
 
 G U I 
 
 name fometlmes applied to the two ftars !\vith very little infervuption, to the crown of 
 Heareft the pole. I England. '7 his ilhnd ii.is a peculiar flower, 
 
 GUA'RDER. S. one who protefts, dc- Cjlkd i/V'.v?! Surrlcnje \ the leaves of which 
 ferds, or watches. are covered with ipangles like goM-duft. It 
 
 GUA'RDIAN, S. [gardien, Fr.] one \\ho gives title of huron to the eiirl of Aylesford. 
 has the care of an Lrphan, or pcifon whole Here a_vfry harbiyoiis fcenc was afted in 
 parents are dejj'; one to whom the care or cjiieen Mary's reign ; a mother and her two 
 prefervation of any thing is committed ,, daughters, the mother beinj» a lb hij witti 
 
 fomcti.ncs named luiiiJcn. 
 
 GU.ARDIAN, Adj. performing the of- 
 fice of a kind proteftor and defender. 
 
 GUrv'RDLESS, Adj. without defence; 
 without anv aid, or defender. 
 
 GUA'RDSHIP, S. care ; protftion ; or 
 the date of a perfon under the difpofal of 
 guardians; a king's (hip, employed in guard- 
 ing the cnaft. 
 
 GUA'VA, or CUIA'VA, S. in Botany, 
 thcpjuiium. Linnius places it in the hi It 
 fed. of hrs 12th claf? 
 
 child, were I'urnt at a ftakefor Proteftantifm, 
 in purfiiance of the fentence of the De.ia 
 (one J-ajiies Amy) and the clergy of the 
 ■Hand, ft lies about twenty four miles W. 
 of Cape a Hogue, in Norm::ndy, a«id fixty 
 S, of Portland-in Dorfetlhire. 
 
 To GLE3S, V. A. [^HJ/kn, Belg. hfem^ 
 Heb.] to conjediire ; to judge without any 
 fixed or csrtjin principles. 
 GUESS, S. a conjedure. 
 GUE'SSER, S. a conjedlurer; one who 
 i judi^cs without certain knowledge. 
 GUBERNA'TIOV, S. the exercife of I GUE'SSINGLY, Adv. forming a judg- 
 
 authoiity in protefling, prefervng, ,.nd di- ment ia a calual manner ; imcertainly. 
 
 rcfting ; g"vernment ir fnperiiiltndcncy. GUEST, S. [_g^iuf/?d;, Erit.] one who is 
 
 " This cxtenfive^»itrrfl/;<;«." TVatts. entertained in the houle of anotlierj a ftrati- 
 
 CU'DGEON, S. [goijon, Fr.J a fmali I gcr, or one who comes newly to refide in a 
 
 filh found in brooks and nvers, and eafiiy 1 place. 
 
 caught : whence it is ufed figuratively for a 
 
 perfon eaf:ly cheated. " Vo draw you in 
 
 " like fo many gudgeor.s, to fwallow his falfe 
 
 " arguments." tieiff. 
 
 GUE'RCON, S. \gi;crdort, garJon, Fr.] 
 
 a reconipenfe or reward. '• Tiie fair gucr- 
 
 " don when wc hope to find." M:lr. 
 
 GUE'RNSEY, S. Antcninus's ^ai-via, an 
 
 ifland in the county of f?.uT)plLire, twenty- 
 two miles N. W. ofjcrfey. on the coalt of 
 
 Kormandy in France, and in the Englifli 
 
 channel. It runs tVom E. to W . in the 
 
 form of a harp. Its N. firte is low, and S. 
 
 fide high, being furroundcd by fltep rocks, 
 
 a kind of natural defence to the illand. It 
 
 is thirteen miles and an half from S "vV. to 
 
 N. £. and twelve and a half, w here broadeft, 
 
 E. and W^ It contain? ten (rwclve) p.iiilhei. 
 
 Its air is very healthful, as appears from the 
 
 lon^jcvity of its inhabitants : and its foil of 
 
 the iame nature with thjit of Crete, or Ire- 
 land, where no venomous creature will live. 
 
 It is naturally more fertile than [eifey ; but 
 
 docs not yield fo much, the inhabitants neg- 
 
 lefling its culture for the f. kc of commerce. 
 
 They huvc, however, a fiifficiL-ncy of corn 
 
 and cattle for their own confumpiion, nnd 
 
 the ufe of their fliippiug. It abouuJs in fiili : 
 
 and in the N. W. part of the ifland, there is 
 
 a lake about a mile in circuit, veil fttckcd 
 
 with the beft and largcfl carp. This iil.nd 
 
 is well fitu-ifcd for annoying the F;cn<h in 
 
 timeof w-ar; and they fit cut fomc privaiieis 
 
 to cruize upon fhcm. It was auciently pt.rt 
 
 oi Normandy, in France ; ?nd (umv of the 
 
 remains of the cc.iqwcror's eftates is ftill go- 
 verned bytiic laws of that province, and its 
 
 nativci Ipcak Frc.ch, tho" mbjcift ever lince, 
 
 GUE'ST-CHAMBER, S. a room made 
 ufe of to receive company in. 
 
 To GU'GGLE, V. N. to found, or 
 make a noife like water running out of a 
 narrow mouthed bottle or veficl. 
 
 GUI'DAGE, S, the reward or money 
 given to a guide. 
 
 GUI'DANCE, S. \fxoTngindc] direflion ; 
 government exercifed in regulating a perfon's 
 ::<riicns according to rules, in order to pre- 
 vent him from falling into danger. 
 
 To GUIDE, V. A. [guider, Fr.] to di- 
 rect or fl:evv a pffrfon a way ; to govern, di- 
 reft, inftru<5f, regulate, or fuperintcnd by 
 counfel, or exertion of authority. 
 
 GUIDE, S. [Fr.] one who direfts aoo- 
 ther in his way; a dirciflor. 
 
 GUI'DivLESS, Adj. without a guide. 
 GUl'DER, S. a direaor, a guide. 
 GUILD, S. [fometimes pronounced like 
 gild, and fometimes V\ke g'llde ; c{ gi/d. Sax.] 
 a focicty, corporation, fraternity, or compa- 
 ny, united together by orders and laws made 
 vnong themfelves by their prince's licence. 
 Hence Cu'ildhaU, a place or hall belonging to 
 a corpora- ion, wherein affairs relating to the 
 members in their united capacity ^re tranf- 
 adcd. 
 
 GUILE, S. fpronounccd gik, with the 
 g hard] low cunning or cratt, whereby a 
 per/on tricks or cheats another ; deceit. 
 
 GUI'LEFUL, Adj. full of deceit ; wily} 
 fraudulent ; treacherous j fecrctly mifchic- 
 vous ; impofing or overreaching a perfou in 
 a crafty cr fraudulent ni.uiner. 
 
 GUi'LF.LKSS, Adj. uiihout any fecret 
 or concealed fraud; without any intention to 
 deceive, cheat, or impofe upon a perfon liy 
 
 la lie
 
 GUN 
 
 GUI,F, or GULPH, S. lg:iire, Fr. golfi, 
 Ital. an arm of the ocean running up inta 
 the land Fijiurarivdy, an abyfs, or ini- 
 meafurable depth. " Follow tjnine enemy 
 " in a ficiy gulph." Sh.ik. A whirlpool, or 
 fucking eddy. " As waters to the fucking 
 " of d gulph." Shai Any thing infatiablc. 
 " M,jw and gulph — of the ravening fait fea 
 " Ihirk." S/.ak. 
 
 GL'LFY, Adj. full of eddies, gulphs, or 
 whirlpools. " The perils of the^a//3' main." 
 Poj>e 
 
 To GULL, V. A. [guill^r, old Fr.] to 
 trick ; to cheat j to deceive or defraud by 
 artifice. 
 
 GULL.^S. a fea bird;, a cheat, or trick; 
 a flupid animal ; a pcrfon eafily cheated or 
 impofed upon. 
 
 GU'LLCA TCHER, S. one who cheats ; 
 a bite; one who deceives another bv artifice. 
 
 GL''LLER, S, a cheat, or impoftor. 
 
 GU'LLET, S, [gou/et, Yv.gula, Lat.] 
 the throat, paflage, or pipe thr ugh )\\\\ch 
 the food paOes, called by anatomiih the ajo-' 
 
 G V L 
 
 •fille appearances, and ("oncealed treachery. 
 • GUI'LKR, S one that betrays another 
 into danger by deceitful mean.i. Not in ufe. 
 GUILT. S {gilt. Sax. I the ftate of a 
 perfon juftly chaigcd with a crime ; a con- 
 /cioufnefs of having done amifs. Figura- 
 tively, a crime, or offence. " Clofe pent up 
 " guilts rive your concealing continents." 
 
 GUI'LTILY. Adv. without innocence ; 
 in fuch a manner as t" he coofcious oth.;ving 
 done a cime Lid to one's cliarge. 
 
 GUI'LTIN'ESS, S. the ftate of being 
 guilty j the confcioufnefs of having done a 
 crime. 
 
 GUI'LTLESS, Adj. free from crime; in- 
 nocent ; free from fin or punifhment. " The 
 " Lord will not h'>ld him ^ ;7/.'V/ilhattaketh 
 ** his name in v.-.in. ' Exod. xx 7. 
 
 GUI LTLESSLY, Adv. without guilt ; 
 innocently. 
 
 GUl'LTY, Adj. \g:Itig, Sax.] chargeable 
 V'ith having committed a crime ; wicked, or 
 corrupt 
 
 GLT'NEA, S. ("pronounced ^jn«, v:hh\f'/.^agus 
 the g hard, fo cjilcd from Guinea in Africa, To GU'LLY, V. N. to run with a noife, 
 from whence the gold was brought, of which applied to water. 
 
 they were at fi.'-it tortried, on «hich account GU'LLY-HOLE, 8. [Seed/Hy] the hole 
 they likewife bore the imprciTion of an ekv where gutters or kennels empty them/elves 
 phantj a gold coin ftruck, and current in into the common fe.vcr, fo called from the 
 iinghmd. When it was firft (huck, it was noife they make in their fall 
 Valued at twenty fhillings ; but gold growii:g GULOSIPY, S ^gu/ofus, Lat.] greedi- 
 fcarcc, it was advanced to twenty one fliil- ncfs ; intemper.;nce in eating; gluttony, 
 lings and (ixptnce, but is now funk to 
 Iwtnty-one Ihilling.s. The pound Troy is ufe. 
 cut ipto twenty-lour parts and a half, each 
 part of which makes a guinea. 
 
 GUliNfAHEN', .S. a fmall Indian hen. 
 
 GUl'NEA-PKrFER, S. in Rotiny, tlie 
 
 fo':%'ye d'Inde, ou de dfir/e, Fr. cai^lium, Lat. 
 
 Jt is ti'.nged in the fill icCi. of Linna;us's 
 
 5th clafs. 
 
 GL'1'KEA-PIG, S. a fmall variegated ani- 
 jnal, wi(!i a pig's Input, rat's ears, and with- 
 out a tail. 
 
 GUISE, S. [Fr. guija, Ital.] manner; 
 appearance ; looks ; bcliaviour. " By their 
 " guij'e wife men they feem." Par. Lofi. 
 Maimer, curtom, or praftice. " It was ne- 
 " ver our £i/,jk- to flight the poor." Fopc. 
 E.tternal appearance ; drcfs or habit. " Un- 
 " Atx \.\\e. guijc of religion." Siuift. The 
 1.1ft fciifc fttms to be a contradiiflion of dij- 
 gulfc. 
 
 GUI'TAR, S. [gli-orra, Sp. guherreyFr.] 
 in Mufic, a (hinged inllrument "ilh a neck 
 like a violin ; an oval body, about the fize 
 Ot a has vicl, played en in the fame manner 
 ai the harp, with the fingers. 
 
 (jLLES, S. {g:.iuu-s, t'r. gf^h, Lat.] in 
 iJcraldrv, red. In the arms of noblemen it 
 i.s Called ruby, in thcfe of fovercign princes 
 T^rdr.*;, and in engraving, U f:gnificd by druw- 
 Jt'g, bj-rpendiciilar or Ilrait rtrokes from the 
 Xui' tyi ihe tftiitchton to the bottom. 
 
 Not erring in ^w/o/?.^." Braxon. Not in 
 
 To GULP, V. N. \goIpcr., Belg.] to 
 fwallow eagerly ; to diink down without any 
 intermilTion, or with one fwallow. 
 
 GULP, S. as much liquor as can be Aval- 
 lowed at once. 
 
 G UM, S. \ gumma, Lat.] a vegetable juice 
 cxfuJing through the pores of certain plants, 
 and there hardening into a tenacious, or 
 fticking mafs,niore vife d and lefs friable than 
 rcfms, and din()lving in water. In Garden- 
 ing, a difeafe inciJent to fruit trees of the 
 ftone kind, being a kind of gangrene, arifing 
 from a corrupted f^p which extravafites and 
 hardens. In Anatomy, 'he flel}iy fubdance 
 of the mouth in which tiie teeth grow ; ge- 
 nerally ul'ed in the plural. 
 
 GUM'MINEiS, S. thcflatcof a thing 
 fmearcd or abounding with gum. 
 
 GUMMO'SITY, S. the nature of gum ; 
 vifcidity ; gumminefs. " Their innate^.vw- 
 " tmfiy." Floycr. 
 
 GUM'MY, Adj. confirting of gum ; of 
 the nature of gum ; overgrown or fmearcd 
 with gum ; flicky. 
 
 GUN, S. [g'i», ^fl-] a fire-arm or wea- 
 pon which forcibly difcharges a ball, (hot, or 
 other offenfive matter, through a cylindrical 
 barrel, by means of gun-powder. Great 
 triir.i are generally called cannon, and known 
 tikcuifc «ndcr the ta-m of crdr.ura. S:i':ail
 
 G U S 
 
 ?(/«$ are fuch as are portable, and include 
 mufquets, mulquetoons, carbines, blunder- 
 bufies, fowling pieces, &c. 
 
 GL'NNEL, S. See Gur.wak. 
 
 GU'NNlR, S. a perfon who manages, 
 and has the charge of the artillery of a ftip, 
 fcTf. Gur.ncii, in the plural, are officers em- 
 ployed in looking after, and managing the 
 ordnance mounted on lines, batteries, or forts. 
 
 GU'NNERY, S. the fcience or art of 
 fliooting with guns and mortars. 
 
 GUNPO'WDER, S. a compofition of falt- 
 petre, fulphur, and charcoal, mixed together 
 with fpirits, and ufually granulated, which 
 tikes fire eafily, and when fired, expands witli 
 great vehemence and noifc, by means of its 
 cla(iic force. Bartholdus Schwartz, or the 
 Black, is by fome fuppofcd to have invented 
 it in 1380; but it appears that Roger Bacon, 
 our countryman, knew of it 150 years before 
 Schwartz was born, fince he mentions it in 
 cxprefs terms in his treax'iie deNu/rttafcAfugia, 
 pub4ilned at Oxford in 12 16. " You may 
 " raife thunder and i;i:!itning at pleafurc, 
 " fays he, by only taking I'liiphur, nitre, and 
 *' charcoal, wJiich, lingly, have no effedt j 
 «' but, mi^cd together, and confined into a 
 " clofc place, caule an explofion greater than 
 " that of a c!up of thunder." 
 
 GUN-SHOT, S. tiie diftance to which a 
 ball can be ftiot out of a gun. 
 
 GUN-SMJTH, S. one who makes and 
 fells guns. 
 
 GU'N-STOCK, S. the wood to which 
 the liarrcl of a gun is fixed. 
 
 GU'NSTONK, S. the fhot of a cannon ; 
 fo called, becaufe at the firft ufe of cannons 
 they were loaded with (lones. 
 
 GUNTER's CHAIN, S, an iuftrument 
 made ufe of in fiirveying land. 
 
 GUNTER-s LINKS, S. lines of num- 
 bers, firft invented by Mr. Edward Gunter, 
 of great ufe in navig-ition, and other branches 
 of the mathematics. 
 
 GUNTER's f^"ADRANT,S.an inflru- 
 ment tofind the hour of the day, azimuth, CS,:. 
 
 GUNTER's bCALE, S. a large fcaie to 
 rcfolve qucftions in plane failing. 
 
 GU'NWALE, S. [oi'gfn andwraArVw, Sax. 
 todire^J a piece of timber reacliing on cither 
 fide of the Ihip, from the half deck to the 
 forccaftlc, wherein they put the Ifmchions 
 which fupport the waffc tree : ir receives the 
 name of ganv.-alc, whether the Ihip carries 
 guns or not. Likcwif.; the lower part of any 
 port, where any ordnance are. 
 
 GURGE, .S. ^giiiges Lat.J a whirlpool; a 
 gulf. " A black hitumiiidus^rrir^i-— boils out 
 " from under ground." F.ir Lo/i. 
 
 GU'RGION, S. the coarfer part of meal 
 fitted from the bran 
 
 GU'RNARD, or GURNET, S. a kin^ 
 of fca-filh. " A fowced (urt.rt." Sha/t. 
 
 To GU>H, V. N. [goff.lcn, Belg. fliffcn, 
 Teut.] to flow or ruih out in 2 large body; to 
 
 GUT 
 
 flow out In a largequai.tity, and with violencff' 
 
 GUSH, S. a fudden, forcible, and large flow- 
 ing of Water, or other fluid; any thing poured 
 out with a fudden and forcible eruption. 
 
 GU'b.SET, S. [goujiU, Fr.J any thing iew- 
 ed on cloth to ftren-gihen it ; by fcmflrefles, 
 peculiarly applied to the triangular pieces of 
 cloth at the neck, under the arms, and at the 
 opening ot the flaps of a fliirt, &c. 
 
 GUST, S. [gufii/s, Lat. gonJ},gout, Fr.] the 
 fenfe of tade j the height of fenfual enjoy- 
 ment ; love, or liking ; turn of fancy ; pe- 
 culiar tafte or genius ; pleafur-, caprice, or 
 whim. " Dellrcy all creatures for thy fport 
 " OT giiji." Pope. A fudden violent blafl of 
 wind, from gujier^ Jfl. " As doth a fail fiU'd 
 " with 21 (\e\iUng guJi.^Shak. A fudden burft 
 of paffion. " A weak diltempered foul that 
 " fwells- — with fudden ;j«y2i." ylddif. 
 
 GU'STABLE, Adj. fit to be tarted j the 
 objeiff of tafte ; pleafant to the tafte. 
 
 GU'STA 1 ION, S. \guf.ctus,l.?^t. oigujie, 
 Lat.] the zCi of tafting. " The nerves of 
 '* gujiatioii.'''' B'0'!cn. 
 
 GU'STFUL, Adj. very agreeable or pleaf- 
 ing to the talte j that which is agreeable to 
 the mind. 
 
 GUSTO, S [Ital.] the relifh, flavour, or 
 tafte which a thing caufes; the po'.vcr by which 
 any thing excites a fenfation in the palate. 
 Liking or prejudice, applied to the mifid. 
 
 GU'STY, Adj. windy ; ftormy. 
 
 GUT, S. [kute/en, Belg J the entrails, or 
 the long pipe rciiching with many folds frojn 
 the ftomach to tlic vent, through wliich the 
 fiurous part of food pafles and is difcharged. 
 Figuratively, the ftonifch or receptacle of 
 food j gluttony j 1 !,e infide of any tiling, par- 
 ticularly the movements of a clock or watch. 
 
 To GUT, V A. to take out the entrails, 
 or gnts of an aiiimal. Figurativrly, to plun- 
 der any thing of wiiat it contains. 
 
 GUTT-" SE'RRNA, 3. [Lat. a clear 
 drcp I a difeafc of tlie eyes 
 
 GL'TTA. n, Auj. {g!:na, Lat.] be- 
 fprinkled withuiops; bcdropped. 
 
 CjU' . TEK, S. [gautur, Run.] a paflage 
 for Water, either on the giound, or on the 
 roofs of buildings. 
 
 To GU'TTE.' , V. A . to cut or wear into 
 fmall channels or hoilows. 
 
 ToCl' fTLE, V. N. (from gut] to feed 
 luxuriouliy, or irtemperatcly. 
 
 GU'Ti'LER, S. one fond of eating ; a 
 greedy or intemperate eater. 
 
 GUTTS. S. j plural nf gutta, Lat.] drops 
 of any liquid, a term ufed by Scotch phyfi- 
 cian.";. Sec McJLal FJj'afi of Edh:iurgb. 
 
 GU'TTURAL, '/".dj. [gt'ttmolu, Lat,] 
 pronounced in the throat j belonging to the 
 thro:'.t. 
 
 GU'TTUR ALNESS, S. the quality of 
 bcin'4 founded in, or belonging to the throat. 
 
 GU' n Y, or GU'T I E, Adj. \gutta, Lat.] 
 
 in Heraldry, marked or bcfprinkkdwith drops. 
 
 ■'1 i *' Guf'.y
 
 H A 
 
 " Gurty of libit," i. f. marked v^ith black 
 drops. 
 
 To GU'ZZLF., V. N. [from gut or gufl, 
 whence guttle, guzde] to feed immoderately 5 
 to fwallow any liquor greedily. 
 
 GU'ZZLER, S. an immoderate drinker, 
 
 GYMNA'STIC,Adj. [>y/iv.-rri.'ccc CTr..!f_v'"- 
 nj/?:3z(c, Fr.J lomething rel^tinp or belonging 
 to bodily excrcife, fuch as wrcftling, &c. 
 
 GY'MNIC, Adj. \?yrhmi^uc Fr. j,i;,uvtX5f, 
 Gr.] praiQifing fuch CNercifcs as relate to the 
 body. " Gymnk a\tii\s." Milt. 
 
 GYRA'TION, S. {gyn^ttn, of^yo, Lat.] 
 the art of turning any thing about id a circle. 
 •• Moved round in a circle with gyrations.'^ 
 A'fjt'f. Opt. 
 
 GYVES, S. [gevyn, Brit. J fetters or chains 
 confiftingof two links for the legs." I thought 
 *' gyves and the mill had tamed ihec." Milt. 
 Sam. 
 
 To GYNE, V. A. to fetter or fhackle ; to 
 fnarc. 
 
 H. 
 
 HThe eighth letter of the alphabet, 
 and fixth of the confon.nts ; tho' 
 ik by the Latins and modern Greeks 
 efteemcd only as an afpirdie j yet whether it 
 be a letter or no, may cafily be determined by 
 confidering that it is a motion or effort of the 
 larynx to modify the found of the vowel that 
 follows it, as in hcai'cn, health., hero, where 
 the e is differently modified or founded from 
 what it is in the words eating, er.iii've, and 
 clcSi, and as fuch has the property of a con- 
 fonant. If it be not a letter, /"aud z arc 
 none, they being no more than hiffin«T afpi- 
 raiions, and they who exclude H from the 
 number of letters, as being only a nurk of 
 afpiration, may for the fame reafon exclude 
 the/and z,, and the i and f) likcwife, by fay- 
 ing that they are only marks of certain mo- 
 tions of the lips. Jts form, which in the ca- 
 pital is the fame in the Roman and Saxon al- 
 phabets, feems to be derived from the Pheni- 
 ci.in n, with the mark in the middle inflead 
 of tlie top. The fccretary enpital feems to 
 have been borrowed from the .Saxon capital, 
 as our fmall b feems derived from the Gothic. 
 In Knglifh, it is fcarcelyevcr mute in the be- 
 ginning of a word, tfpccially wIkic it pre- 
 cedes a vowel ; wlien it is fi'Ilo\.\ed by a con- 
 fonant it has no found, as in /'gkt ; when it 
 has <: befor; it, it is fometimcs dropped, the c 
 being pronounced hard like a /■, -i.s in Chr'ft , 
 which the Saxons wroteG ij}, and in cho j bm 
 this does not hold good alw.iy.?. for it is pro- 
 nounced fomcwhat like the Hebrev* \l),j\hin, 
 in charity, ihentb, &c. Among the ancients 
 it was a numeral letter, fignifying 2CO, and 
 when with a mark over it thus H 2000. In 
 abbrevidtuies it is ufed for Lon^o, as. J. IJ. S. 
 ytfi'S haninum SulvJtor, i. c. Jefui tlic Saviour 
 of mankind 
 
 H A C 
 
 furprizc. When repeated, an expreffion of 
 laughter, or joy. " He f.tith among the 
 " trumpets, ha, ka.''^ Job., xxxix. 25. 
 
 HABEAS CORPUS, S. in Law, a writ 
 which a man may have out of the King's- 
 Bench, to remove him felf thither at his own 
 expcnce, to anfwerat the bar there, when in- 
 dited or imprifoned for a crime before jullices 
 of the peace or a franchife court, after having 
 offered fufficient bail, which is refufed though 
 the cafe be iviilablc. 
 
 HABERD'A.SHER, S. onewho fells fmall 
 wares, fuch as pins, needles, £ff. 
 
 HABE'RGEOM, S. [haubergeon,Yr. ha- 
 bergium, low Lat] armour to cover the neck 
 and breaft : a breaft-plate ; a neck-piece ; a 
 coat of mail. " Lodg'd in Magnano's brafs 
 " hahergcon.''' Hudib. 
 
 HABI'LIMENT, S. [habiIement,Yt.'\ drefs; 
 cloaths. " Gowns and other babiliments of 
 " Irilh drapery." Stvift. Ornaments. " My 
 " riches are the ^oor habiliments.'" Shak. 
 
 To HABI'LITATE, V. N. [habiliter,Fr.'\ 
 to qualify, or entitle. " Attainted, and there- 
 " by — not habilitate to fervc in parliament." 
 Bacon. Not in ufe. 
 
 HABILITA'TIONr,S qualification."//^- 
 " bilitations towards arms." Bacon. Not in ufe. 
 HA'BIT, S. [Yr. habitus, Lat.] theftateof 
 any thing. " Habit of body." Drefs or 
 clojths ; a power and ability of doing any 
 thing, acquired by frequent repetition ©f the 
 fame artion ; culloui ; inveterate ufe ; or a 
 Ihong inclination to perform any particular 
 ai^ion. 
 
 To HA'HIT, V. A. to drefs, or cloath. 
 HA'BIT ABLE, Adj. [Fr. halitaiilis, Lat.] 
 that which is or may be dwelt in. 
 
 ilA'BITABLENESS.S. that quality which 
 renders a place proper for the refidencc of any 
 animal. 
 
 HA'BIT ANT, S. one that lives or refides 
 
 in any place. " Habitants of the earth." Pope. 
 
 HA'BI PATIOX, S. the art of dwelling 
 
 in a place j a dwelling, or place wherein a 
 
 perfon reGdes. 
 
 HABI'TUAL, Adj. fhabitucl, Fr.] cufto- 
 mary ; eflablilhed by frequent prartice and 
 repeti'.ion 
 
 IL\BrrUALLY% Adv. by cuttom j by 
 habit, or frequent prarticc. 
 
 I o HABI TUA IE, V. A. [habituer, Fr.] 
 to acculbm ; to ufe one's felf by frequent 
 repetition. 
 
 H.VBITUDE, S. [Fr. bahitudo. Lat.] re- 
 lation, or refpc«n. The flate of a thing, with 
 regard to fomething elfe. " In all the habi- 
 " tildes of life." ^tuift. Familiarity ; con- 
 verfe ; intimacy, followed by iviih. " Fre- 
 " qutnt hahiiiities iiith the beft company." 
 Dryd. Cullom, habit, or the frequent and 
 uninterrupted praiftice of the fame thing. 
 " Brought by long habitude from bad to 
 " worfe." Pricr. 
 
 To HACK, V. A. [haccon, Sax.] to cut or 
 
 IIA, Ifitcrj, an exprcffion of wonder or chop into fmall pieces, by frequent and un 
 2 I flciUul
 
 H A I 
 
 Ikilful blows. Figuratively, to fpcak or pro- 
 nounce ii-n properly. "h'^iiiouiE'.glilh "Shak. 
 Toliackiicy, reccivebrihes,or turn proftitute. 
 HACK, S. a contraction o!c Hackney, which 
 fee: 
 
 HA'CKLE, S. f/xd.'.; lucla. Sax.] raw 
 filk, orany filmy or fibrous fubftanceunfpun; 
 the flouor,, or cad: fkin of a ferpent. 
 To H \'CKLE, V. A. to drefs flax. 
 H.-^'CKNEY, S. \hackneii, Brit, haquenec, 
 Fr ] a hired horfe, or a horfe let out for hire. 
 Figurativelr, any thing let for hire ; one who 
 writes for hire ; any thing that is trite or 
 common, or ufed in coinmon. 
 
 To HA'CKNEY, V.A. to ufe a thingvery 
 frequently ; to accuftor.i to the road. 
 
 JHAD, the prcter and part, paflive o£ Ila-ve; 
 badde, Be!g. 
 
 HA'DDOCK, S. in Natural Hlftory,anon- 
 fpinous fifh, with three prickly foft fins on its 
 back, rcfembliug a cod, but fomewhat Icfs, 
 and diRinguifhed from it, by having a black 
 ipot on each fide near its gills. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, S. \ aiizol-xyn, Gr.] 
 in Anatomy, is a bloody flux from tlie nof- 
 trils, mouth, eves, or any part of the body. 
 
 HyEMO'RRHOIDAL, Adj. in Anatomy, 
 veins whicii fpread about tlie fundament. 
 
 H.^MO'RRHOIDtS, S. [cti,uo-p^.:;, Gr. 
 of at/-ta blood, and fzoo to flow] painful fwelling 
 inflammations in the fundament ; the piles. 
 
 HAFT, S a handle ; that part of any in- 
 ftrument by which it is held in tlie hand. 
 
 H.A.G, S. [hagr, Brit.j a fury,or fpirit of a 
 deformed and terrible afpccf!: ; a witch, or cn- 
 thantrefs, an old ugly woman. 
 
 To HAG, V. A. to haunt ; to torment ; to 
 poflefsorharrafs with vain terror; to bewitch. 
 " And ^(7Tthemfelves with apparations."/7ti. 
 HAGGARD, Adj. \hagarJ, Fr.J wild, un- 
 fociable, or untamed j lean ; ugly ; luggcd ; 
 deformed, " As haggard as the rock." Shak. 
 Wildly difordered. " Downcaft kag^ard 
 eyes." Smith. 
 
 HA'GGaRD, S. any thing wild or irre- 
 claima!)k ; a fpecies of hav\ k ; a hag. " The 
 " baleful haggard hy." Ganh. 
 
 HA'GGARDLY, Adv. [hagr, Brit.] de- 
 formed ; ugly, like a hag. 
 
 HA'GGESS, S. a mcfs of meat, chopped 
 fmall, inclofed in a membran*, and boiled. 
 
 HA'GGISH, Adj. like a hag ; deformed ; 
 horrid. 
 
 To HAGGLE, V.A. [corrupted from 
 hack, or hackle] to cut, chop, or mingle j to 
 be tedious in a bargain, or long before fet- 
 tling tlie price. 
 
 HAGIO'GRAFHER, S. leeEaf^.ografba, 
 an infpired writer. 
 
 HAH, an intcrje(flIon, exprefTing a fudden 
 furpnze. 
 
 t!AIL, S. pronounced hale, a white icy 
 fpherule, or particle, confiding of droops of 
 rain frozen in their falling. 
 
 To HAH., V. N. to pour down hail. 
 
 HAL 
 
 HAIL, Interj. [halerar., Sax.] a term ofia- 
 kitation wherein we wilh health to a perfon, 
 uicu by our tranflators to exprcfs ;^aiee in the 
 Cir. ;. e. rejoice. " The angel came unto 
 *' Mary, and faid, hail." LuHe i. 28. It is 
 ufed at ptcfent only in poetry. 
 
 To HAIL, V.A. [haletan. Sax.] to fahite; 
 to call to : applied to the manner in which 
 (hips addrefs each other. " Hailed by ;i 
 " Turk." Knollcu 
 
 HAI'LED, Adj. benfn or ftruck with hail. 
 HAl'LSHOTjS.fmalUhotfcatter'dnkehail. 
 HAI'LSTONE, S. {ha^olfiar. Sax. haegeU 
 Jleen, Belg. J a particle or fingle bail of hail. 
 HAl'LY, Adj. confining of hail. 
 H A L^, S. {bar, Sax.jthe fmall thin thread? 
 which grow oi:t of the fkin of animals ; the 
 hair which grows on the head. The different 
 colours the hair appears of in different per- 
 fons, and in the fame perfon, in different 
 parts of life, is owing to the nature of the 
 fluid with which it is fupplied. Figuratively, 
 any thing very fmall. 
 
 HAI'R-BRAINED, AJj. fit (hould be 
 hare-Liaimd, becaufe it alludes to the wildnefs 
 of a hare] wild; irregular ; inconftant. 
 
 HAl'R-CLOTH, S. fluff" woven of horfe- 
 hair. 
 
 HAI'RINESS, S. the (late of being cover- 
 ed or overnrown with hair. 
 
 HAl'RLACE, S. a fillet or band with 
 which woman tie up their hair. 
 
 HAIR'LESS, Adj. without hair; bald. 
 HAl'RY, Adj. overgrown,cr covered uith 
 hair;confi(Finoof,or refembling hair. " From 
 " vines the /!■,;? ;'^i honoursef their head." Diyd. 
 HAL'BERD, S. [haWarde, Fr.] a long pole 
 armed at one end with a battle-axe, carried by 
 ferjeants of foot and dragoons, &c. Tt was 
 formerly named the Daniih axe,becaufe borne 
 firft by them ; from them it was borrowed 
 by the Scots, from whom it came to theEng- 
 lilh, and from us to the French. 
 
 HA'LCYON, S. [halcyo, Lat.] a bird, re- 
 ported to breed in the fca, and that there is 
 always a calm during her hatching time. 
 
 Ha'LCYON, Adj. peaceful ; quiet; calm; 
 undiilurbed; without any tumult or violence. 
 HALE, Adj. healthy, found or hearty ; cf 
 a good or frcfli complexion. 
 
 To HALE, V. A. [haltn, Belg. baler, Fr.j 
 to dr:!g by force ; to pull violently. 
 
 H A' LER,S. he who pulls or drags by force. 
 
 HALF, S. [plural hchet ; kealjt, f>a!f. 
 
 Sax. J one of two parts into which a thingis 
 
 equally divided. U\ Compofition, it fignities 
 
 imperfection. 
 
 IIALF, Adv. in part, or equally. "Half 
 " loth, and /f'(j//"confenting." Dryd. 
 
 HALF BLOOD, S. one who has but one 
 parent the fame with another perfon. 
 
 HA'LF-HLOODED, Adj. me.in ; coward- 
 ly ; bi.fc loin. " Hulf -blooded fellow." Sbclt. 
 H.VLF FACED, Adj. Ihcwing only part 
 of the face. " A balj-fattd fun Ibiving to
 
 H A L 
 
 H A N 
 
 " fhlne." Sk!i. Small taced. "This fame I HALT, Adj. [/.v<;Av, Sax.] iameorcrippled. 
 " /W/-/<(W fellow." .vA.jv. j MALT, S. ihcartof li,llpillJT,o^thcmap.- 
 
 HA'L^-MOON, S. the moon in its sp i ner in which i peHbn wulks who is lame ; i 
 
 psarancewhen at half itsinciesfc or JeciCdfci 
 any thinji in the figur; of a half-moon. 
 
 IIV'LFPKNNr, S. [pionounccJ ^j/.f?y;, 
 plu>al halfpence, proiioii"CL-J haprnce] a cop- 
 per coin, of which two make a penny. It re- 
 ceived its name oiigin ,lly from its being the 
 halt of one part of a lllver penny broken into 
 two e^ual pitccs, which was the only money 
 we hrid till halfpence and groats were coined. 
 H.VLF-PIKE, S. a fmall pike carried by 
 officers. 
 
 H.VLF-SWORD, S. c!ofe fight ; within 
 tlie length of li-!;";. fword. " At half-fivord 
 " witli H dozen of them." Sbak. 
 
 HA'LF-WIT, S. a blockhead; one who 
 vainly atfcfts to be thought a wit ; a filly fel- 
 low. " //^Z/'w/fiare fleas." Diyd. 
 
 HA'LF-WITTED, Adj. of dull or im- 
 perfect unJcrllamling. 
 
 H VLC I'LlOl'Sj adj. {halltusy Lat.] va 
 porAis ; f'.imous. " A peculiar thin and kaii- 
 ♦' tucu: liquor." Boyle. 
 
 H\LF^, 3. [kealk, Sax. pile, Fr.] a court 
 of juiiici?; a manor-houfe, f.j c-.lled, uecaufe 
 formerly courts were held in it for tenants ; 
 the public nn>m of a corporation ; the lirfl 
 lar^e room on ! le ground-Hoor of a houfe. 
 
 IIALLELL'JAH, S. [the; Ihould be pr .- 
 nounc^tJ like an / vowel or a ;', from hai:i::i, 
 Heb. pr<:ire ye, a.iJ /Wj, Heb. God, or the 
 Lord J a fouj of praife or thankfgiving, fo 
 called from the firft word preiixeJ to Pfams 
 of praife in Hebrew. 
 
 HA'LLOO, inter), a wo»d of encourage- 
 ment or incitement when dogs are let Icofe 
 at their gime. 
 
 To HA'LLOO, Y.^.[hala; Fr.] to make 
 a cry or rioill; after a perfon, alluding to that 
 made after dog.s; to chafe or peifcoute with a 
 noife. " Halloo me like a hare." Skak. To 
 call out or Oiout to. " He that firlt finds — 
 , " halloo the other." Sbak. 
 
 To HA'LLOV/, V. A. [hjlgtan. Sax.] to 
 confecrate, make holy, or dedicate to fome re- 
 ligious ul'e ; to reverence and cfteem as holy. 
 " IJallowul be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. 
 
 HA'LLUCIMATION,S.[;!>.;//.vf//;tfi'io,Lat.] 
 an error, blunder, or millake owing to folly. 
 or want of difccrnment. " Owing to the 
 *' h.iltuciimtio'i of t!ie tranfcriber." tipeB. 
 
 HALM, S. f pronounced huiv>n'\ draw; or 
 the (lalks of beans and peas. 
 
 HA' 1^0, S. [aXi){, or u.'Kajv, Gr.] 3 meteor, 
 . in the form of a luminous ring, appearing 
 round the fun, moon, or (lars. 
 
 1 o HALT, V. N. [/..7./r, Sax ] to limp or 
 be lame ; to flop in a m:irch, applied to an ar- 
 >y. Toheiiiate; tobcdubious whiehof two 
 
 llop in a march. 
 
 HA'L FKR, S. [f.om halt,] one who 
 limps, or is lame. 
 
 HALTFR,S. [haltere,%?iyi. oi hals,^iyi.] 
 a rope ; peculiirly applied to that which is 
 put round a criininil's n:ck when he is to 
 be hangeJ. 
 
 To H.VLTER.V.A tobind with aftrong 
 cord ; to catch in a noofe, alluding to ihut 
 made in a rope with whichcr iminalsare hanged. 
 To HALVF, V. A. [fiom bahes, plural 
 of balf] \o divide into ei]ual parts. 
 HALVES, S. the plural of half. 
 HAM, S [i<7»;,Sax ja,!:Lc,Vr.^ the lowcr- 
 moil and hindeinioil: part of the thigh adjoin- 
 ing to the knee, ill a human creature. InCook- 
 ery,the thigh of .t hog or bcir falted .md dried. 
 To HA'AIBLE, V..\.. [fiom ham^io ham- 
 ih'ing, or c.it the fniews of the thigh. 
 
 H.AME, S. [hamu, Sax.] the collar by 
 which a liotfe draws in a waggon. 
 H.i'MLFT, S. a little v'lljge. 
 HA'M M ER 3 [bjir:cr,'i,^ii. baemer,Te\it.'\ 
 \n iniirumcnt confilFnig of an iron head and 
 long handle, fometimcs of wood, by whicji 
 any thing is forged, or n.ils, &c. are driven. 
 Figuratively, any thing de!iiU(fiive. " Th;it 
 '• renowned pillarof t: uth and hammer of he- 
 " reiies, St. Augnlli'ie." Hakeivdl. 
 
 To HAM'MFR, V. A. to beat, forge, or 
 drive with a hammer. Figuratively, to 
 mould, form, or comrive, by intcufe applica* 
 tion of thouj/ht. " Wilt thou he. bamvieting 
 " treachery." Sbak. 
 
 H \'MiMERER, S. one that works with a 
 hammer. 
 
 HA'MMOCK, S. a Twinging bed.fufpend- 
 ed by cords fixed to hooks. 
 
 HA'iVlPFR, S. alargebalketwiiha wicker 
 cover, uftd for carriage. A kamfer of wine, 
 is as much as a hamper will contain. 
 
 To II.A'Ml'ER, V. A. to entangle, or to 
 embarraf^, fo as so hinder from flight, or the 
 ufe of one's iimbs or faculties ; to enfiiare ; 
 to enveiglc ; to catch by means of fome al- 
 lurements ; to perplex or harrafs with a va- 
 riety of aecufitious or law f'uits. 
 
 HA'MSTRING, S. the tendon or finew 
 of the ham or thigh 
 
 To ll.VMS TRINCJ, V. A. [preter and 
 part. pail". i.an.Jhung'] to lame by cutting th« 
 tendon of the ham. 
 
 HA'NAPER, S. [laiuii>eihm, low Lat.] a 
 treafury ; the e,sche>.]uer. 'J he clerk of the 
 hanapcr receives the ftcs due to the king for 
 fealing the charters and patents. 
 
 H.V.N'CHES, S. in a ihip, th.e falls of the 
 life rails placcdon bannidcr.- in the poop and 
 
 opinions to prefer "How long/^rf/rye between Ujuarter-dcck, down to tiie gangway. In Ar- 
 *• tvvo opinions .'" i Khifs xviii. zi. To fail, chite£\ure, the ends of clUptical arches,which 
 feint, or be in a weak and dirtrcHed condition, are arches of fmallcr circles than the fchcme, 
 *' J am ready 10 bait, (^c," Flam: xxxviii. 17. or middle part of the arch. 
 
 ^ - ^ I HAND,
 
 HAN 
 
 HAND, S. [larai, Sax. Belg. ;md Tent.] 
 iar.dt:i^ Goih.l tliut pait of lliC arm from the 
 \uift lo tin end cF tlie finger* ; a nuifure ci' 
 four inches j^t-ncrally iifed and applied to the 
 hciglu of horfcs ; tlie index of a clock, or 
 that which performs tlie offici of a hand or 
 fingei in poiiuing to a particular thing, Out oj 
 hard, quick, fudden, or expeditious perform- 
 ance. I'ovver of performing. " Changed his 
 " hand." Dryd. Winner of acfting or pet- 
 iuimiii;^, pirticularly applied to mu^c. " A 
 " very fins hand on the violin." Guard. No. 
 S. To kat-e a hdrd'in, to be concerned in. 
 . ' band, within reach ; ready f)repartd ; near. 
 
 fed with r/j, ability or powerof performing. 
 
 To /r; his kand :it a Sjieftjtor. " Sp'.ft- In 
 \rr'ting, a peculiar cut or caft of the letters 
 v.hi' h di!tinguirii.-S one perfon's writing fjom 
 rocher : iiercc it is applied to fignify a per- 
 n's own wri'ing, orilgning. " L'lider n;y 
 ■ hand and feal " In Gaming, c-;ds held 
 after every deal. F- on: hand tc hard, from one 
 to another fucceflivelv- " Tranfmitted from 
 " hund to hatid, through all generations." 
 TUlotf. Hand o".'er head, r.i:^\gent\y ; rafiily ; 
 VI ilhout thought or caution. From I. and ro 
 mouth, without making any provifinn aoainft 
 a nccc/Iity. To bear in hand, to keep in expec- 
 tation. " To bear in hand, and then fland up- 
 *' on fccurity." Shak. To he hand in gl',i-e, to 
 be very intimate v.ni familiar. To gi-je ota:' ^ 
 Land, in Scriptuie, implies to makepeace, or 
 alliance ; to (wear friendOiip, or pro.mife fe- 
 curity. Set Lanunt. v. 6. Toioj hands on per- 
 fons, in Scripture, fignifies to ordain, or give 
 authotity to exercife any funftion. 
 
 To HANI), V. A. to give or reach to an- 
 other by the iiand Figuratively, to guide ; 
 to condud or lead by the hand ; to fcize ; to 
 , lay hands on ; to man'age uith the hand ; to 
 deliver from one to another ; to tlanfmit, or 
 deliver down in fucc.fTion. 
 
 HA'ND-BASKET, S a portable bafkct. 
 
 HA'ND-BREADTH, S. a fpace equal to 
 tile breadth of a hand. 
 
 HA'NUKD, Adj. hav'ng the ufcof either 
 the left or right hand ; hand in hand ; with 
 hands joined. " into their inmofi Lovv'r—- 
 " hatdcd they went." Par. l.ojl. 
 
 HA'NDER, S a tranfmitter 5 one who 
 delivers down in a legular fuccifHon, uftd 
 vith d'j%vn. 
 
 HA'NDFUL, S. as mi;ch as the hund can 
 grafp, or hold ; a hand breadth, or four 
 inches. " About an handful fiom the liol- 
 '' torn." Eac. A fmall number or quantity. 
 " A lavdiul oi mew." CLnend. 
 
 HA'ND-GALLOP, S. a flow eaCy gal- 
 lop, in which the hand prciles the bridle, or 
 holds a horfe in, to prevent his im:reafing 
 his fpeed. 
 
 HA'NDICRAFT, S. \hndicraft, Sax. J 
 vork performed by the hand. 
 
 HA'NDICRAFI SMAN.S. (/^«r</-r,vr/)/;f, 
 Sax.j one whole work or bulincfs is per- 
 formed by the hand. 
 
 H A N 
 
 HA'NDILY, Adv. in a flcilful, dextrous, 
 
 or leady manntr. 
 
 iiA'NDlNF.SS, S-. the quality of doing 
 anything in a fkilfnl and dextrfus manner". 
 
 H A'N DK E-RCH I EF,^ .[rronojrccd fome- 
 timcs without the k, and fomttimcs handk.-r- 
 chtr] a piece of filk or linei!,xifed f.i wiping 
 the face or nofe, and for covering tlie neck. 
 
 To HA'NDLE, V. A. [handiiJn, Sax.] to' 
 touch, fee', or hold in the hand ; to manage 
 or ufe. FiguraLively, to treat of, or enlarge 
 upon, applied to dlfcouifc. To del in, or 
 pra<ftifc. " Ihty that L.:;d;c the law " y.cr. 
 ii. 8. To deal with. 
 
 HA'NDLE, .S. {L.niif, Sa*;. handel, Btlg.] 
 that part of a thing by which ic is held in the 
 hi-nd. figuratively, aiiy thing v.hich may 
 difcover a peifons wtaknefs. aiu! Lc made 
 ufe of by an enemy to his difadvantfge. 
 
 HA'NDIvIA1l>,S a maid who is in waiting, 
 or within call; a waiting-maid. Seldom ufed, 
 
 HA'NDSEL, S. [ha'.fil, Belg.] the firfl ac> 
 of ufing any thing ; the firff parcel which is 
 Ibid of any commoddty. 
 
 To l-JA'NDSFL, V. A to ufe or do any 
 thing for the firft time. 
 
 HA'NI-'SOME, Adj. [handfacm, Belg]' 
 beautiful with dignity ; graceful." Eligmt, ap- 
 plied to a peifon'.s nianners or behaviour Ge- 
 nerous or nobe,applied to theqnalityofaflion, 
 
 HA'NDSOMELY, Adv. conveniently, or 
 dextroufiy ; in a bc.aitiful, neat, elegant, 
 graceful, or generous manner. 
 
 HA'kOSOMENESS, S. beauty, or pleafing 
 majeOy, applied to the features. Grace, applied 
 to the behaviour. Elegance or ne..tncfs,applivd 
 to themannr'rin which anything is wrought. 
 
 Hfi.'XDSVlKK, S. a fort of wooden lever 
 for moving heavy bodies. 
 
 HA'NDVICE, S. a fmall vice which is' 
 hc:d in the hand. 
 
 HA'ND WRITING, S, that peculiarity 
 in the niake of letters, which diiliiiiMiiflies 
 one perfon's wiiting from another's. 
 
 HA'NDY, Adj. I handifi, Beig.j perform- 
 ed or given with the ha;i.l. " To come to 
 " h^.tdy blows " lhi.l-.b. Rcidy ; dLxiioiis, 
 or fkiliul ; convenient for i:fe. 
 
 HA'ND YWORK, .S. the work of the 
 hands ; prcidu<fl of e perfon's labour. 
 
 To H.aNG, V. A. [prefer and part, paf- 
 five, hanged, or hung \ to fLifp.iid cm liigh by 
 iornething fadtncd to the upper part ; to fuf- 
 pcndorkeepin the air wi hotit falling. "Thou 
 "/(jw^y the folid earth in Hetting air. " Sandy, 
 To fi'.fpeiid by the neck in a rt.pe, fo as 
 10 kill a pcrfoi) ; to let fall downwards from 
 any eminence, or t)elow its ixatural (ituation, 
 lomelimes ufed with cW-n. '' White lilies 
 " hc:nf^ their heads." L'ryd. " Vanfeih dc<wn 
 '* his head." I'tcief xix a6. To adc n, by 
 hanging any thing upon or over, followed by 
 •zi'ith. " Hung fcveral part-, of his houfe <nttb 
 " tiophies." y^-cil. To f> 11 loofely ; to be 
 fufpendcd cm high with the lower part loofe ; 
 113 to
 
 HAP 
 
 to dangle; to float, to proceed from. " That 
 " gentle tongiie--vvherefoftf erfu:iftor. i>««?-." 
 Prior, 'i r> be lupported by foniething raifeJ 
 above the ground ; to lean upon. "Hwg about 
 " my neck." Sbak. Ufed with o-ver to threat- 
 en; tobevery near, applied to danger. "While 
 " the dread of popery hung ever us." Atierb. 
 To be burdenfcime or troublefome j to opprefs 
 with weight, ufcd vviih upon. " In myLucia's 
 " abfence— life han-r; uf.on me." Addif. To be 
 comprised ; to be united ; to be of the fame 
 party ; to fupport one another mutually ; to be 
 in fufpence j to be dependent on, ufed with 
 on. " Hangs on princes favours," Skak. 
 
 HA'NGER, S that by which aiy thing is 
 Supported in the jir, or at a diflanc" from the 
 ground ; a kind of a ftiort fword with a finglc 
 edge. 
 
 HA'NGER-ON, S. oncwho is dependent 
 CD another ; one whi.- lives at another per- 
 fon's charge. 
 
 HA'NGING S. drapery, ftuffs, or paper 
 hung or falkncd upon the walls of a hcufe 
 by way of ornament. 
 
 HA'NGiNG, Part, forbodeing death by a 
 haltsr. '' You have a kangr.ig look." Shak. 
 Subftantively, ufed for the ^.{\ or punifhment 
 of puttinj; to death by a halter; the gallows. 
 *• He deferves banging." 
 
 HA'NGMAN, S. the perfon who executes 
 ox puts criminals to death, by hanging them 
 on a gibbet or the gallows. 
 
 HANK, S. {hank, Irt.J a Ikain of thread, 
 die. Figuratively, a tie, check, or influence. 
 A low wo.d 
 
 To HA'NKKR, V. N. \b,inkeren, BeJg.] 
 to long impatiently for ; to have an inccffant 
 •wifh for 
 
 HAN'T, a contraction for ha"je not, or ha: 
 not; ufc-d in common difcourfe. " Yon han't 
 ** that ^;iT)pcr about your mouth." An'Jif. 
 
 HAP, S. [icippus, Brit. J chance ; foitune ; 
 or that vhich comes to pafs without d(.lloii 
 or being forefeen. That which happens by 
 chance or misfortune. 
 
 To HAI% '" . N. tj fall out ; to come to 
 pafs witluHit dci.^ii or forefight. 
 
 PIA'P-IIAZAUD, S. chance; accident. 
 HA'P .y, Adv. perhaps ; peradventure ; it 
 may be ; by ch.mce, or mere accident. 
 
 HA'l'LtSS, Adj. uiihappy ; unlucky; un- 
 fortunate. 
 
 To HA'PPT^N, V. N. tr fill out; to come 
 to paf^ withr-ut i;( lag defigntj or foreft'.n ; to 
 light up<.n or meet with by cliancc, or mere 
 accident, exchifiveof any defign, " I have 
 *' haf:-, cKc'd on fome other actounts." C.auKt. 
 H.VPPILY, Adv. in a fortunate, happy, 
 or U'dC];v manner; with addj'cfs, dexterity, or 
 /;»racs , 'ithout labour, " IJappi'y lo fleer 
 " from i;f.ive to gay." Pope. Jn a Uate o' 
 happ'.acfs, '■'■ He hvcs h'^ppi/y ." £y ch.mce ; 
 by accidti;t, ufcd i.i (lead of //ij/j/v. " Wiio 
 '' hap.y mjy perufe thefe ircitics." Dighy. 
 fiA'PPJNESb, S. a ftatc wherein a perfon 
 
 H A R 
 
 has all his wifhes fatisfied, and is fenfible of 
 the higheft pleafures ; good luck or fortune. 
 
 PIA'PPY, Adj. in a (hTtc where the defires 
 and wiflies are fatisfied, and the greatcfi plea- 
 fures are enjoyed ; lucky; fuccefsful ; ready, 
 or difp'^fed by nature without art or (tudy, 
 
 HA'RANGUE, S. a fpcech ; a difcourfe or 
 oration del'vered in public. 
 
 ToHARA'iv'GUP:, V. N [harangucr, Fr.] 
 to make a fpeti ii, or pionoi uce an oration. 
 
 HA'RANG 'ER, S an orator; a perfon 
 who pronounces a fet fpeech ; a word con- 
 veying fome idii of contempt. 
 
 HA'RBINGER, x [hirherger, Belg.] a 
 perfon who prepares the way, or gives notice 
 of the coming of o;:e tliat follows ; a pre- 
 curfor or forerunner. Figuratively, a llgn 
 or omen of fomething to come. 
 
 HA'U Bni'R, S. •llrtcrrcaubergcYr. her- 
 hcrgh, Belg. J a iougng or place uf entertain- 
 ment and reft. " For k.rLcur ,x a thoufand 
 " doors they knock." Dryu. A port, or fta- 
 tion wherein fnips are fheltered from ftorms. 
 Figuratively, an afylum, or place of fheltcr 
 and fecurity fiom danger. 
 
 To HA'Rf'L'R. V. A. to entertain, or 
 permit a perfon to refiJe. Figuiatively, to 
 eherilh, '-vour, or entertain an opinion ; to 
 flulter, reft, or fecuie from danger. 
 
 HA'R SOURER, S. one who entertains 
 another. 
 
 HA'REOURLF.SS, Adj. without harbour, 
 lodg'.'.i4. entertamment, or fli'.lter. 
 
 HARD, Adj.[/. .7,-,/, U^yi.lnrd, teig "jfirm, 
 ornot eafily penctr itcd Fi,'>urutive)\ difficult 
 to be unJerftocd; nr)t eafy to beaccomplilhed; 
 painful, or dangerous. " Rachel travelled and 
 " Ihe had bard hbour." Gen, xxxv. i6. Ri- 
 gorous, cruel, or cppreflivc, applied to the 
 manner of ticatment. Hard 10:; ds, four; 
 rough; reproachful. Infenfiblc; untouched, 
 or not to beatfc..'!?d. " Know I am not to ftu- 
 '•' piJ, orfo/a/ii." Very vehement, keen, and 
 inclement, applied to feafon. Unteafonable 
 and unjuft. Dear, or i.i which a perfon can- 
 not eafily acquire a competency; ii]~piied to the 
 times. " If the time' had net been tard."Dryd. 
 
 HA.^.l's Adv. [bardo, 'I eut.] i\ii or nim- 
 bly, apflicd to motion. With difficulty. 
 " They dr.iw the wind hard.^' Bee Tem- 
 pefluoully ; boiflerruily ; with force or vio- 
 lence, applied to tlic wind 
 
 HA'RO-BOUND, Adj coftive, applied to 
 the hal)it of body. Unfertile or barren, ap- 
 plied to the invention. " From bard-bound 
 " brain 1;." I'-ic. 
 
 To H \'Rl)kN, V. N. to grow hard or ^o- 
 lid; to make hard; to make impudent, to make 
 obdurate; to makeinfcnfihle; to make firm, or 
 endure Aith conflancy ; to make refolute by 
 the ince'lant praffice of any particul.ir aiftion. 
 
 HA'RDENER, S. one that renders any 
 tiling b.3rd, or not eafily penetrated. 
 
 HA'RDFAVOURED, Adj. having a 
 coarfenefs, or harlhnefs of features. 
 
 HARD-
 
 H A R 
 
 HA'RD-HANDED.Adj.coark, orthathas 
 hands hardened or grown callous with labour. 
 
 HA'Ri:»-HEARTP:D, Adj. cruel j inexo- 
 rable ; mercilefs. 
 
 HA'RD-1-1EARTEDNESS,S. thequality 
 of being infenfible to the cries of mifery, 
 and unmoved at the figlit of wretchednefs. 
 
 HA'RDIRIENT, S. f/.a/v/m.w/, Fr. ) cou- 
 rage ; bravery. " Jn changing hardimeiit.''''Shak. 
 
 HA'RDINESS, S. hard"lhip, or fatigues ; 
 courage, or a difpofition of mind infenfible 
 to danger; effrontery; impudence. 
 
 PIA RD-LABOL'RE'\ Adj. performed 
 with difficulty, and abundance of lludy and ! 
 labour. ^"^ My hard-bboured ^vtrnJ"' r^uifc. \ 
 
 H A R 
 
 H.^'RIER, S. [from hare] a hound ufed 
 
 for hunting hares. 
 
 To MARK, V. N. to lillen, or be atten- 
 tive to what a perfon fays. 
 
 HARR ! Inrerjca. lill, or liftcn ; be at- 
 tentive to hear : ufed on a fudden apprehen- 
 fion of danger, &c. 
 
 HARL, S. [heorda. Sax ] the filaments or 
 threads ot flax ; any fubllance confiding of 
 threads or filaments. 
 
 HA'RLEQUIN, S. a perfon drefled in a 
 motley-coloured jacket and trowfers ; the he- 
 ro in pantomime entert.iinments, who diverts 
 tl-iC populace by his a<n:ivity, artifices to ex- 
 tricate himfelffrom danger, and his Iteming 
 
 HA'RDLY, Adv. with difficn!ty and great power in in.chantmentsanJ metamorphofcs. 
 labour; fcarcely. " There is hardly a gentle- HA'RLO ]", S. [htriodei, Brit.ef/r/o.'rdjltal.] 
 " man." o-wfz. Ufed with think, in a fevcre a female that is unchiifle. 
 or unfavourable manner. ^^ To ih\n\y hard!y' HARLOiRY, S. an habitual praftlce of 
 *' of our laws." Ho'Jer. Applied to manner unchaflencfs, applied to a worn; n. Ufed as a 
 of treatment, with rigour, opprelTIon, fcve- i term of contempt for a woman. '* A peevifh 
 
 rity, or harfhnefs. " Hudiy lo.lged." D.yd. 
 
 HA'RD-MOUTHf D, Adj noteafilygo- 
 verncd by the rein, applied to horfes. 
 
 HA'RDNESS, S. applied to matter, a firm 
 cohelion of the parts, fo that the whole does 
 not eafily change its figure ; difficulty to lie 
 undtrftood ; difficulty to be performed or ac- 
 complKhed. Scarcity or dearncfs joined to 
 tini's. Cruelty; inhumanity ; wantofcom- 
 pjUion. Keennefs or fliarpuefs, applied to wea- 
 ther or froft. Stinginefs, or want of profit, 
 applied to the making of bargains. In Faint- 
 ing and Sculpture, itiflhefs, or want of foft- 
 nefs. 
 
 HARDS, S. [heordatt. Sax. bcrdy, Belg.j 
 the refnfe, or coarfer part of flax. 
 
 HA'RDWARE, S. manufaftures or wares 
 made of metal. 
 
 H A'RD WAREMAN, S. a maker orfellcr 
 of wares made of metal. 
 
 HA'RDY, Adj. [heard. Sax. hardi, Fr.] 
 bold ; brave ; ftrong; daring j hard, or firm. 
 " His hardy fabric." South. 
 
 HARE, S. f/w-d. Sax. hare, Dan.] afmall 
 four-footed animal, with long ears and a Ihort 
 tail, that moves by leaps, and is remarkable 
 for timidity, vigilance, and fruitfulnefs. The 
 firfl year it is called a Icvcrct ; the ll-cond a 
 bare ; and the third a f_rc^t hare. Her cars 
 lead the w;(y in the chace ; for with one of 
 them (he liftens to the cry of the dogs, while 
 tl.e other is ftretchcd, like a fail, to promote 
 hir Hight. In Aftionoray, a conftellation. 
 
 To Ha RE, V. h.{harkr, Fr.Jto frighten ; 
 to perplex or throw into confufion by hurry- 
 ing or terrifying. 
 
 HA'REBRAINED. Adj. See Ilairbraired. 
 
 HA'REF00r,S. in Botany, an herb. In 
 Natural Hillory, a bird. 
 
 HA1<E-LIP, S, [becaufc rcfcmbling the 
 upper lip of a hare] a defccl in the upper lip 
 tor want of fltfh, which makes it appear as 
 it cut, and fhews the teeth. 
 
 HA'RESPEAR, S. a plant. 
 
 ' felf-Willed harlotry." Shak. 
 I liART^l, S. [hearme, Sax.] an aftion by 
 which another perfon may receive damage in 
 his goods, or Jiurt in his perfon ; jnifchief ; 
 hurt ; or injury. 
 
 ']"o HARM, V. A. to damage the goods 
 or fortune of another, or to hurt his perfon, 
 HA'RMFUL, Adj. hurtful ; injurious ; 
 detrimental ; mifchievous. ' 
 
 HA'RMFULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to produce mifchicf, hurt, or damage. 
 
 HA'RMFULNESS, S. the quality which 
 renders a thing or perfon detrimental to the 
 intercfl, hurtful to the perfon, or injurious 
 to the charafter, of another. 
 
 HA'RMLESS, Adj. without hurt ; with- 
 out intending or caufmg any mifchief ; with- 
 out being damaged ; innocent. 
 
 HA'RMLESSLY, Adv. innocently; with- 
 out malice or crime. 
 
 HA'RMLESSNESS, S. the quality of a 
 thing or perfon which can afleft another with 
 no damage or hurt. 
 
 HA'RMONIC, or HA'RMONICAL.Adj. 
 [afiijiovLxo;, dr.] proportioned or adapted to 
 each other ; mufical 
 
 HA'RMOMIOUS, Adj. adapted to, or 
 having the parts proportioned to each other. 
 In Mulic, having founds that are concords 
 to each other; mufical, or atTcdling the e.ir 
 with an agreeable fenfation. 
 
 HA'RMOMUUSLY, Adv. with a jufl 
 proportion of parts to each other ; in fuch a 
 maimer as to delight the ear. 
 
 HARMO'NiduSNESS, S. that qoality 
 which renders founds agreeable and delight- 
 ful ; proportion of parts. 
 
 To HA'RMONl/.E, V, A. to agree with 
 refpeifl to proportimi To make muiical, or 
 convey dcHglit to the ear, anplicd to Ibund. 
 HA'RMONY, S. \harmome, Fr. affA-mu, 
 Gr] the agreeable refult or fenfation excited 
 by an vmion of feveral mufical founds heard 
 .It the fame time , theium orclfcft of two or 
 1 i 4 more
 
 H A R ' 
 
 more concords flrikin;; the ear together; a juft 
 fiiri'srs of one part to wwther. Ficuiatively, 
 concord J unity of fentiment and diipoOtion. 
 
 HA'RNESS, S. [karnoh, Fr. ar/:^;. Span. ] 
 in its primary fenfe, armour for a horfe \ 
 the traces by which horfcs are faftencd to 
 carriages of plcafurc or ftate : that of other 
 horfcs is called ^ier. 
 
 To HA'RNtSS, V, A. to drefs in ar- 
 mour ; to fix horfes in their traces ; or to 
 put traces on a horfe. 
 
 HARP, S. '^earpe, hearpe. Sax. harpc, Fi.j 
 a mufical inllrument lining with wire, and 
 ftriick with the finger. Jn Aflroiiomy, the 
 name of a conftellation. 
 
 To HARP, V. N. \ harper, Fr.] to play on 
 the harp. Figuratively, to touch any parti- 
 cular pnflion ; to J'AcH on a fubjeft. 
 
 HA'RPFR, S. a player on the harp 
 
 HA'R PING-IRON, S. [harpayo, Lat.l a 
 bearded dart,with a line faHened to the handle, 
 with which whales or other large filh are caught 
 
 HARPONE'ER.S [':a'-/'on^i''-.Fr.]hethat 
 dares or throws the harpoon in whale filhing. 
 
 HARPO'ON, S. \barpon, Fr.] the fame 
 as Hdipin-j-iran, which fee. 
 
 HA'RP.^ICORD, S. [from ^^r^^and ror- 
 don, Fr. a ftring] a mufical inflrument o( the 
 ftring kind, played after the fame manner as 
 an organ. It has one or two fets of keys, 
 which being fingered, move a jack, by which 
 means the ihings are flruck, which arc 
 fcratch-ed on the table of the inflrument. 
 
 HA'RPY, S. [plural, harpies-^ ha'tia, Lat.] 
 a poetical monfler cf the bird kind, feigned 
 to have h.-.d the face of a woman, the claws, 
 wings, &c. of a bird, remarkable lor rapaci- 
 onfnels, and on that account ufed to fignify 
 a ravenous, or exceedingly covetous pcrfon. 
 
 HA'RQUfcLBUSS, S. a hand-gun. Ste Ar- 
 quehufe. 
 
 To HARR'ASS, V. A. [harmffer, Fr.l to 
 weary ; to fatigue ; to tire or make feeble 
 with labour and uneafinefs ; to lay a coun- 
 try wafle by continual inroads. 
 
 HaRR'ASS, S. walleordiflurbance "To 
 " prevent \hc barraji of their land." Mllt. 
 
 HA'RRIDAN, S. a decayed ftruir.pet. " A 
 <' batter'd tairilan." Sivi/t. 
 
 HA'RROW, S. {charrciic,Vi: h^rde,Tevt] 
 a frame of timbers crofling each other, fet 
 with teeth of iron, and drawn over plowed 
 and fown land, to break the clods, and cover 
 the k-eds with earth. 
 
 To HA'RROW, V. A. to draw a harrow 
 over ground. Figuratively to tear or rip up. 
 " My aged mufclcs harroivcii up with whips." 
 JioiL-c. To pillage, flrip, or lay wafte. " To 
 " barrotu this people." To dillurb, or put 
 into alarm or commotion. '* It barroioi me 
 " with fear." Skak. 
 
 To HA'RR Y, V. A. to difturb ; to put in- 
 to commotion j to .ilarm or confufe ; to rifle. 
 " I repent me much that I fo harry d him." 
 Shiik. In Scotland, it fignifies to rob, pillage, 
 
 H A R 
 
 or plunder : as, " he harry' d a nfjl," i. c. he 
 took aw:.v the young : " he hai ryd me out 
 '' of 'loui'c and ho;nc ;" i. «. he made ma fly 
 from mv houfe, after having plundered it. 
 
 HAR.SH, ,'\dj. [her-vifhc, Tcut. | roughly 
 four, applied to tafle. Rough or difagreeable 
 to theeu, <;pp!ied to found. Crabbed, morofe, 
 or pcevilh, aprihed to the temjier. Rough, or 
 rugged, applied to the touch. l?nplea(lng, 
 fcvcre, or riyorous, applied to treatment. 
 
 HA'RSHLY, Adv. foury, or like unripe 
 fruit, applied to tade. In a violent manner; 
 in a crabbed, fom-, or morofe nmnner ; fe- 
 verelyor rigorouliy. Rough and difpleafmg 
 to the car, applied to f )und. 
 
 HA R'^HNK.SS, S. fournefs ; i-oughnefs ; 
 crabhednefs; morofenefs. 
 
 HART, S. >he„t, Si.t. biort, Dan. kert. 
 Belt! ] a male of the dcei kind, the female of 
 which is a hind or rce. 
 
 HA'RTFORD, and not HR'RTFORD, 
 if its origin be derived from a hart, the arms 
 of the place, deer being formerly very nume- 
 rous in this part of the country. It is the (hire 
 town of the county, and hundred of the fame 
 name, in F.ngland. In the time of the ancient 
 Hritons it was called Duro-cobriiui, i e. a red 
 ford, from the red gravel at the ford juft by, 
 upon the river Lea or Lee. It is a very ancient 
 place, and governed by a mayor, who return.s 
 two reprefentative^ to parlian;enl. The E.ift 
 Saxon kings frequently kept their courts herej 
 and in 673 a fynod was held here, at which 
 two kings of the heptarchy were prcfent, the 
 archbifhop of Canterbury prtfiding. In the 
 twenty-fifth of queen Elizabeth, Michaelmas 
 term was kept here, on account of the plague 
 iu London, and that the queen fometimes re- 
 fidcd in irs cillle. It had ancient! v a monalfery 
 of Bencdictir.es, founded by the Conqueror's 
 nephcwLupus,and had five churcbes now re- 
 duced to two, namely, All-Saints and St. An- 
 drew's: tlieformer, on theS. fideof the town, 
 hasa tall fpirc covered with lead, and has eight 
 good bells, bcfides an organ and hanJf)ine 
 gallery. Here is a feat for the mayor and al- 
 dermen, andfor the governors ofi'hrlftchurch 
 hofpital ill London, who h.ive erected a fair 
 houfe iu the town for the reception of foms 
 of theirchildrcn; alfo a large g.ilkiy near the 
 belfrcy for their accommodation at church. 
 St. Andrew's h only rem.irkdble f r giving 
 name to the adjaceiit drett Hartford ftands 
 in a fwect airy and dry vale, confcqncnily is 
 very hcdlrhy, being built in the form of a ca- 
 pital Y, and the caftle placed between the two 
 horns of it, belonging to the defccndants of 
 Sir William Cowper, fince king Charles I. 
 Its wecklv market is on Saturday. Its annu- 
 al fairs are Saturday fortnight before Eafter, 
 May 12, July 5, and November 8, for 
 horfes and other cattle. Hartford lies 23 
 miles from London . 
 
 HA'RTFORDSHIRE, a county of Eng- 
 land, bounded to the £. by Ellex, to the S. 
 \ by
 
 HAS 
 
 by MiJdIefex, to the N. by CatBbridgefliiie 
 and BeJtbrJfliire, and to the W. by liuck- 
 inghamlhire. It is ubout twtnty-four milfes 
 where broadefl ; namely, from Ray(K)n in 
 the N. lo TottaiJoe in the S. and thirty 
 where longeft, trom Putnam in the W. to 
 Chefton-nunncry in the E. It is much in- 
 dented by the utighboaiing counties. In 
 Hartfordlliire arc lii market towns, 120 pa- 
 rilhes, about 45 1 ,000 acres, and above 9 5, coo 
 iiihabitants ; who fend to parliament two 
 knight- for the (hire, and two menshers for 
 Hiirttord-town, and two more for St. Alban's. 
 The foil is molt generally bai len, compared 
 with other fhires ; and witli regard to deep- 
 feedings, or (heep-pailures, theic are but few, 
 and thofc efpeciallv about Kriebwi)ith. Yet 
 it rnuH: be owned, that lince the great ini- 
 provemei.t of huibai-uiry by clover, cinque 
 Join and other herbage, by manure, tr.ari, 
 foot, &c. this country has been rendered very 
 fertile. The parts about Hitihin are ':I ■ ilh, 
 but not fo rich as that to Ik- met uiili in the 
 wedern counties of the iiir.e foil. 1 iie reli 
 is moflly a chalky eartii. The pa (hues, 
 where dry, produce fern and broom ; and 
 wliere wet, rulhes, mofs, and l;ulhes ; but 
 by a modern invention, clled Ii.,;a-draining, 
 the wet landsare greatly in)pic ved, by drain- 
 ing off the (lagnant rain-water on thecia^ii'h 
 furfaee, which chillej the roots of the corn. 
 
 H.-^'aTSHORN, S. in Medicine, tiic 
 horn of a hart, called the red deer. Its fail 
 is ufcd as a fuJorific, its fpirirs has all the vir- 
 tues of volatile alkalies, and they .-ire both 
 vifed for bringing people out of fiL:>, I^y being 
 applied to the nofe. The rafpings are, by 
 boiling in water, formed into jellies, forcon- 
 fumptive people, and the bone being calcined 
 and powdered, is ufed to abforb acidities in 
 the ft.'mach, and ufcd as drink when boiled 
 in water in diarrhoeas. 
 
 HA'RT-KOYAL, S. in Botany, a fpe- 
 cies of plantain. In hunting, a name given 
 to a Iiart, which has been hunted by a king 
 or queen, and efciped alive. 
 
 HA'RVt:ST, S. [Ur/e/i, or /.'arfi/l. Sax.] 
 the feafon of reaping and gatheiing in corn ; 
 corn ripened, reaped, and gathered in. Fi- 
 
 f;urativcly,the produd or reward of a perfon's 
 abour. 
 
 l-l.-i'RVEST-HOME, S. the fong fung 
 by reapers at the fea(l made for liaving iniied 
 the harvcrt ; the time of gathering in the 
 harveft. 
 
 HA'RVESTER, S, one who works at the 
 harvefl. 
 
 HA'RVEST-LORD, S. the head reaper 
 at the harveft, 
 
 H'ARVETS-MAN, S. one who labours 
 at the harveft. 
 
 To HASH, V. N. [hacber, Fr.] to mince, 
 or cut into fmal,l pieces. To mingle, ufed 
 with up. " Not ferved in exart order, but 
 '' bajbed uj> ill hsiiie." Curtk. 
 
 HAT 
 
 HA'SLET, or Ha'RSLET, S. [LaJJa,m. 
 hciftere!, Fr.J the entrails of a liog, confiding 
 of the heart, liver, &c. generally applied to 
 them when inclofed in a membrane, and 
 loaded or baked. 
 
 HASP, .'. \h^;pc, Sax. hafpev, Tcut.] a 
 clafp folded o.er a Hafde, and faflened 
 with a padlock j a fmall iron or brafs faften- 
 ing into a door ; a kind of hank going into 
 an eye or loop, ufed for faltenino fhoes neck- 
 laces, &:. 
 
 To HASP, V. A. to (hut or faflen with 
 a liafp. 
 
 HA' SACK, .S. [haf.ck. Tern. hcj/ici Pol] 
 a round or cylindrical mat, Ituffed, on which 
 a perfun kneels at church. 
 
 HAST, the fecoiid perfon fingular of 
 /jaw, declined thus, / la-ve, thou kaji, he 
 hath. 
 
 HASTE, S hurry ; fpeed ; the a£l of 
 doing a thirg quickly ioi want of longer 
 time. 
 
 To H \STE, or HASTEN, V. N. [hajier^ 
 Fr.J to ni<-, e or walk with fwiftnefs ; to do 
 a thing in a (hort time; to be in a hurry j 
 to quicken a perfon's motion, or drive to a 
 fwifter pace. 
 
 HA'STILY, Adv. in a fliort time : with- 
 out delay; in a hurry, or ralhly ; pafii..nately. 
 
 Ha'STINESS, S. fpeed or' expedition ; a 
 pcTiovmance executed in a huiry ; anger; 
 leftlnefs. 
 
 HA'S TINGS, S. [from kafiy] peas that 
 come early. 
 
 KA'STY, Adj. [^.v/?//,- Fr. Zf/?/g-, Belg.] 
 moving with fwittnets; quick, or fpeedy. 
 Soon provoked, applied to the temper or hu- 
 mour, Radi, piccipiuie, or^ undertaking 
 wiihout thought. Iu:fy t^uadvig, a pudding 
 made of .milk and floui, or of oatmeal and 
 water boiled quick together. 
 
 Hat, S. \ka:t. Sax. J a coverhig for the 
 head. 
 
 HA'iBAND, S. a (hing tied round a hat 
 to keep the crown from ftrctching, or, if too 
 large t.j make it fit the head better; a piece 
 of lilk or crape worn louud the croivn of a 
 hat in mou/i.i'ig. 
 
 To HATCH, V. A. {hecken. Gem,.] to 
 prorluce young from eggs ; to quicken an c^g 
 by litting on it j to proitace by any precedent 
 aflion. Figuratively, to contrive or projedl. 
 
 H.-lfCll, S. a brood proccedin,; from 
 eggs ; the :x€i of excluding or pr<Aiucing 
 young from theegg. Figuraiivcly, oiulolure 
 or difcoveiy. " 1 he hatch and the difclofe 
 " will be ibmcthing." i\lak. A fliort 01 half 
 door; an opening over a door, which is 
 clfifcd or fliut i)y a board moving on hinges. 
 In the plur.)), the doors, or openings, in a 
 (hip, b^ which pifrlbns defcciid from one 
 deck to another. 
 
 io HATCH EL, V. A. {hachehn., Tout.] 
 to beat fldx, in order to feperate the fibrous 
 from the brittle pare. 
 
 HA'TCHiiL,
 
 H A V 
 
 HATCHEL, S. [bachcl. Tent.] the in- 
 ftrumcnt with which flix is beaten. 
 
 ilA' rCHELLER, S. one that beats flax. 
 HA'T-CHET, S. [bache, hatcbctte, Fr.J a 
 fm !1 axe. 
 
 HA'TCHET-FACE, S. an ugly face ; fo 
 called according to johnfon, becaufc fuch a 
 one might be hewn with a Iiatchet. 
 
 HATCHMENT, S. [corrupted from a? - 
 flkz-ctiTcnt] the arms of a pcrfon who is dead, 
 paiutcd on a f^uarc board,and placed with an 
 angle downwards, over the door where he 
 lives , or fixed againft the wall of a duircii. 
 
 PIA'TCHWAY, S. the way over or thro' 
 the hatches of a fliip. 
 
 To HA'TE, V. A. [baihn, Sax.] to re- 
 gard as an object which may affect us with 
 pain ; or to deteft on account of its being 
 evil, and repugnant to the laws of morality, 
 of our country, or of God. 
 
 HATEj S. an averfion in the mind from 
 any thino or perfon which is confideitj as 
 Capable, or willing, to affccfV us with pain, 
 together with a delire of procuring the pain 
 or the unhappincfs to the pcrfon, wh. is 
 confiikred as havmg fuch an intention ; de- 
 tcllation. 
 
 H.VlEFUL, Adj. that which caufes ab- 
 horrence, avciTion, or detedation ; detefting, 
 hating, or malicious 
 
 HA'TE FULLY, Adv. in an odious, or 
 abominable manner ; in fuch a manner as to 
 caufe averfion, detellation, or hatred 
 
 HA'TEFL'LN'ESS, S. the quality which 
 rendeisa pcrfon or thing the object of h.itred. 
 HATER, S. one who has a flrong aver- 
 fion or ill-will to a perfon or thing. 
 
 HA'TRED, S. the thought, or the pain, 
 which anything prefcnt or abfcnt is apt to 
 produce in Ub ; the averfion or paflion which 
 is occationed by conlidering a thing as apt to 
 caufe us pain, or by confideiing a perfon as i 
 uiifuUy endeavouring to thwart our hHppi- 1 
 Jitr> : in the lad fenfe, it is generally .iccom- 
 panied with an inclination to make a retalia- | 
 tion, or to thwart his happinefs by way of 
 return. 
 
 To HATTER, .V. A. to harrafs, werjy, 
 or wear out with fatigue. " He's oat ur^d out 
 *' with pemnc-." DryJ. . . 
 
 H.VI'TER, S. {hattur^ Ifl.] one who 
 makes hats. 
 
 HA' I TOCK, S. {ctul. Erf.] a fhock of 
 corn. 
 
 HAU'BERK, S. {bauherg, old Fr.] a eoat 
 of mail cr I leafb plate. " Hauberks and 
 *' helms." Dryd. 
 
 To HAVE, V- A. prefer and part. pafT. 
 /W; [I, ilei\ Colh. a-uol', Fr.] to find, or 
 rot to bewihout; to pofTefs ; to wear; to 
 bear or ca^ry. It is [len rally ufcd as an aux- 
 iliary word in moft European languages, but 
 is particularly borrowed from the Saxon. 
 
 H.\'VKN', S. a pqri,. h-rl)Our, or> part 
 of the fi-d running up. into the landj, wijcrc 
 
 HAW 
 
 fhips mayride Afe from dorms. Figuratively, 
 a phce of fhclter, refuge from danger. 
 H.VVENER, S. an overfcer of a port. 
 H.VVER, S. [from ba-ve\ one who pof- 
 feflcs any thing. 
 
 HVUGH-HAUGH. or HAW-HAW, 
 S. [/'«■/% Sax. I a dry ditch, whofe oppofitc 
 fides decline fo as to meet and form an acute 
 angle at the bottom, where it is gencr.iliy de- 
 fended by rails. 1 hefe ditches are much 
 ufcd at the extremities of gardens, to inclofc 
 'ground, without hindering the profpccft. 
 
 H AUGHT, Adj. [A ut, Fr.] proud, or 
 infolcnt thro' pride. " Thou bought infiilt- 
 " ing man." Sbat. 
 
 HA'UGHTILY, Adj. proudly; orprizing 
 too highly. " Her heavenly form too baugh- 
 " ti'y Ihe prized." Dryd. In an infolent, 
 arrogant, or very proud manner. 
 
 H.VUGHTINEISS, S. the quality of being 
 poflefled with too great a conceit of our own 
 good qualities, and too mean an opinion of 
 thofe which belong to others. 
 
 HA'L'GHTY^ Adj. [hautaifte, Fr. from 
 /.»:..', Fr.j infoicnt, or Lehiving contemptu- 
 ouP.y to others, from too high an opinion of 
 ourfelves. 
 
 HA'VING, S. [from ba-ve] pofTeflion ; 
 eftate or fortune, " My ba-u':ng isnot much." 
 Sbak. The aft or flate of pofielTing or en- 
 joying. 
 
 HAVIOUR, S. conduft, or the manner 
 in which a perfon treats another ; civility f 
 genteel addrefs. Seldom uled. 
 To HAUL, See Ilalc 
 HAUME, S. ftraw,ortheftalksofbeans 
 and peas. 
 
 HA'UNCH, S. [pronounced banch, hattrbe, 
 Fr. afiia, Ital.] tiie thigh ; the hindermofl 
 thigh of venilion; the rear; the hind part ; 
 the latter part. " Then the haunch of win- 
 *' ter." Sbak. 
 
 To HAUNT, V. A. [pronounced bant 
 from i linger, Fr.] to frequent ; to be much 
 about any place or perfon ; uled fometlmes 
 of one who comes without being welcome ; - 
 or of an apparition frequently appearing in 
 any place ; or to any pcrfon. 
 
 H.AUNT, S. a place trequented by any 
 pcrfon : frequency, or the habit of being fre- 
 quently in a certain place. 
 
 H.IVOCK, S theaftof plundering a coun- 
 try, or killing its inhabitants ; devaltation. 
 
 HAU'TBOY, S. [pronounced ho/joy from 
 btiur, Fr. and .'^&:s, Fr.j a mulical indrument 
 of the wind kind, Ihaped like a flute, ex- 
 cepting its fpre;.diiig wider towards the bot- 
 tom, furnifned « itii a reed to found with, and 
 deriving its name from il.^ tone being higher 
 than that of the violin. In tJotany, applied 
 to a large fpecies of itr.iwbcnies. 
 
 HA' \V THORN, S. the thorn generally 
 growing in hedecs, and bearing haws. 
 
 To HAW, V. N. to fpeak llouly, with 
 much hditaiioD, and frcoucnt intern)ifTions. 
 
 HAWK.,
 
 H A Z 
 
 H E A 
 
 KAWK, S. a bird of prey, formerly man- 1 males. Sometimes it is ufcd witho'm anyre- 
 
 rcJ, r- chimed, bred, and made ufe of 
 catch other birds ; an effort made in the 
 throat, attended with a noile, to force phlegm 
 from tliencc. 
 
 To HAWK, V. A. [from ha-wk] to catch 
 birds with a hawk ; to force up phlegm from 
 the throat with a noifc; to fell any thing, by 
 crying \t in the ftreets. 
 
 HA'WKED, Adj. crooked or formed like 
 a hawk's bill. 
 
 }i\ WKER, S. [from hock, Teut.] one 
 vi.. fells wares by crying them about ftreets, 
 particularly applied to thofe who fell news- 
 papers. 
 
 HA'WKWEED, S. a kind of plant. 
 
 HA W'SES, S. round holes in a fh-p un- 
 der her head, thro' M'hith the cables pafs 
 V hen fhe is at anchor. 
 
 HAY. S. [My, 
 grafs m.T.ved and drieu to feed cattle with 
 To dance the hoy, is to dance round a couple 
 of pcrf MIS who are d;incing at the lame time. 
 
 H.A\ MAKER, S. one employed in turn- 
 ing gr.iis when cut for hay. 
 
 HAY'STACK, S. a large quantity of hay 
 Lid in a heap. 
 
 HA'ZARD, S. \azar. Span.] chance ; ac- 
 cident ; anything, that happens without be- 
 ing forefecn or Redetermined ; danger, or 
 a poffibility of danger j a game played with 
 dice. 
 
 To HA'ZARD, V. A. fhaxarJer, Fr.] to 
 cxpofe to chance, or a poHiLility of danger ; 
 to venture ; to run a riitjue. 
 
 HA'ZARDABLE, Adj. venturefomej li- 
 able to chance. 
 
 HA'ZARDKR, S. one who does a thing 
 without any cerain knowledge or regard of 
 its confcqutnces. 
 
 HA'ZARDOUS, Adj. dangerous; expofed 
 to a polT'Lility of danger ; liable to chance. 
 
 HA'ZARDOUSLY, Adv. in Aich a man- I 
 ncr as to be expofed to danger. 
 
 To H.AZE, V. N. to be toggy, mifty, or 
 cloudy. 
 
 HAZE, S. [buz, Perf. a cloudj a fog, 
 or mift. 
 
 HA'ZEL, S. [ha-Jl, Sax. hafc/, Belg.] in 
 Botany, the corylus, from the Greek, or a- 
 "vUlana, ixom /Ivcila, a town in Campania, 
 where it abounded, a tree bearing nuts. Lin- 
 n^usrang'.'sitin theSth icOc of his ii ftclafs. 
 
 HA'ZEL, Adj. confiding or made of ha- 
 zel. Of a light brown or the colour of ha- 
 zel, app! cd to col ur. 
 
 ference to any foregoing word, and then lig- 
 nifies all mankind colle(ft;vely, or any peifon 
 indefinitely. " /L- is never poor that little 
 " hath ; but he that much defires." Dan. A 
 man or male being. " To a.nAver thee, or 
 " any^e." Shak. Generally iifed in com- 
 pofition to exprefs the male of any fp^cics. 
 
 HEAD, S. (pronounced /..y/; hctd, 111. J 
 the uppermofl part of an animal, which con- 
 tains the brains. Figuratively, a chief, prin- 
 cipal, or leading perfon, applied to focicties, 
 or communities. The face, front, or fore- 
 moft part of an army ; hence to lum head, is 
 to attack. The top of any thing, particular- 
 ly applied to fuch a-; are bigger than the other 
 parts. Joined with quarms, chief. The 
 furface, or that which rifes to the furface of 
 liquors. Strength, applied to liquors. The 
 
 Run. l^. ba-w'i, Goth.] principal topics or articles of a difcourfc ; the 
 Source of a ftream j a crifis, or pitch. In 
 anatomy, the extremity of a bone, or a mufclc. 
 In architecture, an ornament of carved work, 
 ferving for the key of an arch or plat-band. 
 In fargery, a ftate of maturity or ripentfsi. 
 " The matter when come to ahead.'" <♦ Head 
 and ears, the whole perfon. Head and Jhouldcrt 
 violently j unnaturally ; forcedly. 
 
 To ilEAD, V. A. to march oefore ; to 
 command or lead an army ; to cut off a per- 
 fon' s head. " If you/)^a</andhang." &hak. 
 To fit any thing with a head, " Headed with 
 " flints." F. S^een. To lop the tops of trees. 
 
 HEA'D-ACH, S. [hcadfod-ecc, Sax.] a pain 
 in tiie head. 
 
 HEA'D-BAND> S. a fillet or bandage tied 
 round the head. In book-binding, the band 
 at each end of a book. 
 
 HE'AD-BOROUGH, S, [from /.^/s,f,Sax. 
 and horge., Sax.] primarily the chief of a frank- 
 pledge ; at prefent a petty conftable. 
 
 HE'ADER, S. [pronounced hedcr'] one 
 who heads or puts heads to pins or nails. 
 
 HE'ADINESS, S. hurry; ralhnefs ; or 
 obftinate perfcvcrance in one's own opinion. 
 
 HE'AD-LAND, S. a promontory, or cape, 
 
 HE'ADLESS, Adj. wuhout a head ; be- 
 headed. Without a chief, or ruler, applied to 
 a fociety or community. Obftinate; incon- 
 
 fiderate ; rafli, perhaps inftead of becdlefs, 
 "■ //tvi(/Ayi hardinefs in condemning." Spei.- 
 fer. 
 
 HE'ADLONG, Adj. with the head fore- 
 mo(! in a fall ; ralh ; thoughtlefs ; without 
 meditation; fuddcn, or precipitate. 
 
 HE'ADLONG, Adv. with the head firft 
 IT A'Z ELL Y, Adj. of the colour of hazel, ! or foremolt ; ralhly, or without thought, 
 or liglit brown. " Haauiy loam." Mart. haflily, or without delay. 
 
 HE'AD MOULD-SHOT, S. in Medicine, 
 a difcafe in children, whertin the futures of 
 the (kull, particularly the coronal, ride, or 
 liave their edges clofed over each other. As 
 this is an irremediable diforder, nurles and 
 parents ought to be very careful how they 
 promote it by forehead cloths and other me- 
 thods 
 
 HA'ZY, S. [from haxe,hu%, Perf. a cloud] 
 dark ; foggy ; milly j cloudy, applied to 
 weather. 
 
 HE, Pronoun [his, genit. him, accuf. and 
 dat.] This word is fubliiiuted for a pcrfon's 
 name, in order to prevent its being too often 
 rc^ieaicd in k diicourfc, ^nd u applicil only to 
 
 /
 
 H E A 
 
 thocls, which they ignorantly make ui: of, 
 a* they fay. to dole the utjuIJ. 
 
 Hl-.'ADPIKCK,, S. armour for the head ; 
 a hchr.et. Aniorj femfhcffs, ihdt pjrt of a 
 cap or honnct vviiich goes over the crow n of 
 the head. Figuratively, unJerilandiiig, or 
 judgement. 
 
 HE'AD-QUARTF.RS. S. the place of ge- 
 neral rendezvous or lodgement for ioldicrs 
 
 1,'E'ADSlllP, S. dignity ; authority; the 
 condition or Ttjtc of a ruler or governor- 
 
 HF'ADSMAN, S. an executioner j or one 
 v,bo behead;, malefitftors. 
 
 Ht'ADS ruNE, S. the chief flone, or 
 that vihich is placed firlf in a corner, wheth.er 
 at the top, to idorn and (Irengthen, or at the 
 iotioni tofecureanjfupport it: hence Chriff 
 is c;il ed, " The J .-ad or heudfone of tl)e 
 "• corner " l^faL cxviii. 22. A tombrtone 
 pLced at the head of a gi.ive. 
 
 HE'ADSTRONG, Adj. oj3il.inate j un- 
 raVj ; or not eafily governed. 
 
 HL'.'Ai>Y, Adj. rafti, or without delibe- 
 ration; obfti'n.itc, or riot to be ruled. Stiong, 
 or apt to ^tf.t: t!ie h,ad, applied to liq'iors. 
 
 To HEAL, V A. [ha-g..n, Goth, iarl^r, 
 S.IX.] to curt a pcrfon who lias been wound- 
 ed, or Tick. In .Surg'.ry, to unite or confo- 
 lidatcthe lips of a wound or ulcer. Neutcr- 
 ly» ^° grow wel , uppiied to wounds or fores. 
 
 JifALKR, S. one who cures wounds, or 
 leinoves dikales. 
 
 HE'A ING, Part, mild; gentle; pacifis 
 «e eafily reconciled, applied to the temper 
 Curing, applied to medicine. 
 
 BEALTfl, S [pronounced kehh, from 
 tal. Sax.] applied to the boily, a proper dif- 
 pofiirion of the feveral parts to perform their 
 lefpedive funfUons, without any impedi- 
 Bfiient or feu fallen of pain, Appli.d to the 
 Iflind, a jutf difpolition of the mind, aiid 
 jajional powtrs, to perform their i c fpcflive 
 oftces, witl out being impeded by paflion, or 
 bJatlcJ by ai-v undue inhuence. A ceremony 
 afed in drinkin^',, \vhe:cin a peri'on wilbes aii- 
 odier health. 
 
 HE.a'LTHFUL, Adj. fres from pain or 
 Ccknefc; that \sliieh may promote the dcimi- 
 nioa of reafon, or advancemeni of virtue-, by 
 ftifling theN ioiv-nce of paiIion,,ar,d by kfk-n- 
 ing the force of vicious habit.^. " 'l"hc 
 *' /if^.'/JT/K/fpirit of t!"iy f^rjcc." Con men F ray . 
 
 KFA'LTHtC'LLY^ Adj. in fueh a ir.an- 
 ner as to promote health ; appearing iii good 
 health. 
 
 HF.VLTHFULKE3S, S. the Hate of be- 
 ing well, or enjoying h-.alth ; the (juality of 
 promoting or prekrving health. 
 
 FIEA'LTHINKSS, Ac'j. the llatc of en- 
 jovinj^ health, free from any interval of fick- 
 ncfs. 
 
 HEA'LTHLESS, Adj. weak ; fickly ; in- 
 firm. 
 
 HE'ALTHSOME, Adj. conuibutmg 10 
 the prefcrvation of hciJtb. 
 
 H E A 
 
 HFA'LTIIY, Adj. in health ; free from 
 ficl'.nefs ; found. 
 
 HEAP, S. [pivinonnced/f ■/»,of )?'(V7;',Sax.] 
 any collection of things thrown upon each 
 i.>tlier ; a crowd or multitude ; a tlirong j a 
 chifler or )i umber of perfons aficmbled to- 
 gether. 
 
 To HEAP, V. A. \hepian. Sax.] to 
 throw together, or 'upon one anotlier ; to ac- 
 cumulate, pile up, or acquire abundantly ; 
 to add to foniething elfe. 
 
 HEA'PER, S one V, ho piles, throws, or 
 place.5 feveral things upon each other. , 
 
 To HEAR, V". N. \lyran. Sax.] /.../rr, 
 Dan. I to enioy the faculty by which founds 
 are d flinguifhed j to perceive a found ; to 
 liilen orliearken to ; to be told or informed 
 of by woids ; to give audience ; to give a 
 perfon permifOon to fpeak, and to attend or 
 liikn t') him when fpeaking. 
 
 HEA'RER, S. one who attends to any 
 difcourfe fpoken by another ; one who per- 
 ceives what another fpeaks ; one who i.s in- 
 formed of foniething by v\ords which he does 
 not fee. 
 
 HEA'RING, S. the fenfe by which founds 
 are perceived ; audience ; a judicial trial ; 
 the leach of the ear, or the diftance within 
 wlxich founds can be perceived. 
 
 ,lo HEA'RKEN, V. N. [pronounced 
 h.irken] to liflen attentively, or pay a regard 
 to what a perfon fays. 
 
 HEA'RKENER, S. a liflener, or one 
 who attends and pays a regard to what is 
 fpoken by anoihcr. 
 
 HEA'RSAY, S. that which a perfon does 
 not know for certain himfelf,butgdthe!sfrom 
 rumour or common fame. 
 
 HEA'RSE, S. [pronounced ^.«/f ; teayp 
 panna,\, S;;x.J a covered carriage, hung wuh 
 black cloth, tfc. in which dead bodies arc 
 conveyed to the place of inierr.icnt. 
 
 HEART, S. [pronounced lart^ J.airto, 
 Goth./.'Lrr.-,Sax.]amufculousboJyfitiiatedon 
 I the left iidc of an animal, which, by its alter- 
 nate con traction and dilatation, keeps up the 
 I circolaiion of the blood, and is coniideledas 
 I the caufe of vital heat or motion. ]n popul-ir 
 ! and fcriptme lan^'^uage, it is taken for the feat 
 I of cour.'.ge or aficc''don. Figuratively, the 
 'chief or principal part ; the inner part cf any 
 ' thing. Coura.V or fpirit, oppoied to dejpa r 
 j or dcjeracr. Xk'^ with get, dcli-vcr, or fay, 
 I (hength of memory, 'ihe inward rectHes 
 of the mind ; fciife or meaning: " The 
 " /[.ftirf of my mefi'ige." Shak. 1 he mind» 
 I or confcic-ncc. Strength, or power of j-ro- 
 I ducing, applied to foil. The highell or ut- 
 mort degree. " To the very ieurt of lofs." 
 Shak. 'io lufe ones heart, i» to be very much 
 enamoured, or to fall fo deeply in love, tliat 
 reafon carinot controul the affe£tioni To take 
 t2 heart, is to be zealous, earned, felicitous, 
 or grieved about any thing Te- f.nd in the 
 I bccit^ is not to be entirely or much averfe to. 
 \ Some-
 
 H E A 
 
 H E A 
 
 Jametimes it (Ignifies, notwithlTsavlIng a] HEA'RTS-EASK, S. a plant of the violet 
 pcrfon exerts his ftrength or taltnts to the kinJ, that blows all the fummer. 
 
 urtnolh Hetirt is often ufej in con^>ofilion 
 for the mind, foul, or alfeiiion. 
 
 HEART-ACH, S. Ibrrow ; pang; an- 
 gniih of mind, 
 
 HK/V'RT BREAK, S. excedive forrow. 
 " Rettcr a little chiding than a great dejl of 
 •■' hcr.it-Lrcak.^' Hkjk. 
 
 HEA'RT-SICK, Adj. [bcorujeoc. Sax.] 
 under any pain, difcowiteiit, or anguiili of 
 iTii;;d, mortally-ill ; procecrdinir from, and 
 difcovcring fome dangerous hurt. " The 
 " IneAhm heart- fiik gxOMi." Shtik. 
 
 H A'RT- STRINGS, S. the tendons or 
 nerves Uip pofed to brace the heart. Her.ce 
 
 HEA'RT-BREAKING.Adj. over-power- [to afta Vacheart-p-'tngs \s to g\we the mo ft 
 
 cxcefTive or 
 
 ing with forrow 
 
 HEA'IIT- BREAKING, S 
 overpowering grief. 
 
 HEART-BL'KN, S. in Medicine, a p.iin 
 at the mouth of the lloniach, caufed either 
 hy an ulcali, or acid ^'fi^vailing in tlic (lo 
 macli. 
 
 HE.VRT-BURNED, Adj. uneafy, or 
 difcor;tented. '' I never can fee )iim but I 
 " am l-rtai;-l urn d for an hour after." Shah 
 
 HEA'RT-iiL'RNlNG, S. See 
 
 Figuratively, difcoutcnt ; giudgc; or Iccrtt 
 enmity. 
 
 HEART-DEAR, Adj. d^-ar as one's life : 
 fmcerclv and highly bcloVcd. 
 
 HE.VR T-EAsK, S. truiiqiiiliity; aiiiet: 
 a Itate of mind undifturbed by any paffion. 
 " What infinite bcart-eaj't moit kings neg- 
 ♦' left." i^-ixk. 
 
 i.xquih:e pain to the body or mind. 
 
 HE;v'Rr-S TRUCK, Adj. driven to the 
 heart, or fixed immoveably iu the mindj 
 ihocked vvitii fear and difmay. 
 
 HEA'RT- WHOLE, Adj. without any 
 bias on theafFeftions. " You have not fccn 
 " me yet— and therefore — yon are hcar't- 
 " luhoi:" Dryd. In good health ; without 
 impairment of the conllitiition. 
 ter." Sh<ik.\ HE,-i'Rr-WOL?NDING, Adj. affefting 
 Heart-lurn. the mind with grief. " A ihvkk heart-tuound- 
 
 gnef. 
 " i«^." Rrive, 
 
 HEA'KTY, Adj. \he<frty, Stx.] fmcere ; 
 Lindillcn;!iling ; warm or .zeak>i,is; in fuii 
 lictlth ; vigorous; (trong; merry. 
 
 HEAT, S. [pronounced Aft/ j the fenfation 
 we havewhen we are near the fire; thecaufe 
 of the fenfation of heat or burning, ccnfit- 
 ing in a very brilk agitation of the fcufibic 
 HKA'RTED, Adj. difpofcd, or liicHnsd. | parts of the objert, which produces in us 
 It isonly ufedincompoiition, as fiJ/iy-M/rrfi,; liirit fenfation fiom whence we denominate 
 inclined to cruelty ; not to lie aHeCled with itlic objeft hot; hot weatiicr; the flate of a 
 <liUrefs, or prevailed on by entreaties. |ijo.<y widch is put into a fire; the ftate of a 
 
 To IIEA'liTEN, V. A. to encourage or | tiling once hot; a coupfe at a race, or the 
 animate a perfon to an attempt ; to roufc Ifp.ice of groundwhich a horfcis to rzin with- 
 from a (late of dcj(.-cli>n ; to comfort; tu j uut rtltiag; a red coluir, or pimples arifin? 
 improve and prefervc ground tcrtiic by maniuc ' tVom the warnuh of weather, l^c. "Hears 
 
 Vith richelt dung 'o kiurtin it." Alay 
 
 in their faces." AUi^. Viol-nee or vehc- 
 
 HL- A'RT-FELT, Adj. that which atfccls mcnce of pa!lion ; the height or the moit 
 
 the mind j that which is eterriai; that which 
 is fiiicere. 
 
 " v\ hat nothinj; earthly gives, orcan deifroy, 
 " The foul's calm fun-lhine, and tlie heart- 
 '■'■felt j^'y. ' Pope. 
 
 HEAR'I H, S. [hearth. Sax. Kurd, Belg. 
 herd, leut. ] the ground of a chimney, or 
 the pavement in a chimney on ivhich a fire 
 is made, or a sirate (lands. 
 
 HEA'KTILV, Adj.lincereiy; diligently 3 
 eageily; with a vehement detire ; iargeJy. 
 
 HEA'K TIN ESS, S. a warmth oi affeflion; 
 free from hypocrify ; vigour, diligence, or 
 ftrength. 
 
 HEA'RTLESS, Adj. without courage or 
 Spirit ; witliout comfort. 
 
 HEA'RTLESSLY, Adj. without courage 
 or (pirit ; faintly. 
 
 HEA'R TLESSNESS, S. want of courage 
 or fpirit ; a ft .'c of deje(fiion. 
 
 HEAi^ T I'EAS, S. a plant h called from 
 bearing round feeds in funn of (..tas, of a 
 bhick colour, with the figure of a heart, in 
 white, upon each of them. 
 
 HCA'R r-REMDING, Adj. renaing the 
 heart ; killing with anguilh. 
 
 violccU-part of an aftion or battle ; faction 
 con'elt, or the rage of party. Warmth, ai* 
 dour, applied either to the thoughts or elocu- 
 tion " Hea-s of eloquence." Add'if. 
 
 To HEA r, V. A. Ihiite, l^.haten, Pelg.] 
 to make hot, or endue with a powerof hurn- 
 ii)g; to grow warm by fermcnt-ition ; to ftr- 
 mint ; to warm with vehemence of palTion 
 or dcfire ; to produce a fenfation of warmth 
 by violent exercife. 
 
 HEA'TER, S. a piece of iron cither cart, 
 or forged, of a triangular form, which, be- 
 ing made red hot in the fire, is made ule of, 
 !)y being placed in a box-iron, to fmootii 
 linen with. 
 
 HEATH, S. {h^th. Sax. or heeth-bergean. 
 li-ifiin, Sax. J a llirub of a low (lature, .tud 
 fmall leaves, wh ch are green all the year. 
 In Latin, it is called er'na, from einxu, Gr. 
 to break, from its fuppodd virtue of bre.ik- 
 ing the (tone in the bhidder; and perhaps 
 its French name/;rj(yr«-f is (>« ing to tfic f.tmc 
 fiippofition. The (pccies arc four. Fjpui,.- 
 tivcly, it fignifies a place overgrown with 
 rhe above plant, cr covered uithlhiubsof 
 any kind, 
 
 HEA'TH-,
 
 H E A 
 
 IIE.VTH COCK, S. a bird of game, 
 wliich frtquents heaths. 
 
 HEA'THE.>I. S [b^thrn, Sax eSuxoc, 
 Gr. j a Pagan who worfhips falfe gods, and is 
 rot acquainted either with the doftrines of 
 the Old reft^ment or the Chriflian dilpen- 
 fatton , a Gentile. 
 
 HEA'THKN, Adj. belonging to thofe na- 
 tions triat are ftrangers to the unity of the 
 Deity, or the doftrines ot revelation. 
 
 HEATHENISH, Adj. pnaifing idolatry. 
 Piguratively, wild ; favage; rapacious; cruel. 
 
 HEAaHENISHLY, Adv. after the man- 
 »er of a perfon who is a ftranger to Scrtptnre. 
 
 HEA'THENISM,S [herh-Kgdei, Sax.] the 
 worfhip of idols j or the religion of thofc na- 
 tions who were unacquainted with Scripture. 
 
 H£A'rH-PEAS,S.afpecies of bitter vetch. 
 
 To HEAVE, V. A. [iprtter heaved ; part. 
 itaved i heafian. Sax. ] to lift up or raife from 
 the ground ; to carry or fling ; to make a 
 thing rife orfwcll ; to elate, or puff with fuc- 
 ccfs. Neuterly, to pant or breathe with pain, 
 and frequent rifmg and falling of the breaft ; 
 to rife with pain ; to fwell higher or larger ; 
 to keck ; to be fqueamifli, or find a tenden- 
 cy to vomit. 
 
 HEAVE, S. a lift, or effort made upwards ; 
 arifingof thebreaft ; aftrugglc tonit.Heu'ue- 
 cffer'mg, in Scripture,aD offering that was held 
 or lifted up in the fight of the congregation. 
 
 HEA'VEN, S. [pronounced be-ven with 
 the e (hort, of beafon. Sax.] the regions a- 
 hove ; the iky ; the habitation of blefied 
 fpiritsand angels; God. " Now ^.^zf^Bhelp 
 him." Sbak. In the plural, applied to the 
 heathen goJs- Figurately, the greatefl degree 
 or height j elevation or fublimity. " O, for 
 •5 a mufe of fire, that would alcend — the 
 brighteft cca-v\n of compofition !" ^hak. 
 
 HEA'VENLY, Adj. [hecfonlk. Sax.] j-e- 
 fcmbling heaven ; elevated beyond the com- 
 mon prduftionsof mankind; perfeft in the 
 highcn v'enrec ; inhabiting heaven. 
 
 HEA'VENLY, Adv. in a pious manner ; 
 in a manner refrmbling that of heaven j . by 
 the agency or affluence of heaven. 
 
 HE .'V NWARD, Adj, towards heaven. 
 
 HEA'VILY, Adv. with great weight. Fi- 
 guratively, grievoufly j with grfiat affliftion, 
 deieiflion, or fovrosv. 
 
 H A'VINESS, S. weight, or that'quality 
 in a boiiv which renders it difficult to be lift- 
 ed. Applied to themind, dejedftion.depre/Iion, 
 languor, inaptitude to motion or thought j 
 oppreffion 
 
 Hi A'VY, Adj. {heafg. Sax.] noteafily lift- 
 ed, or thrown upwards; weighing much, or 
 tcnd'n;? to the center; forrowful ; dcjedlcd ; 
 gricvoulh, or oppicfTIve. Wanting hrifKnefs, 
 or ^)ull, ;ipplie-d to the eyes: drowiy. Want- 
 in,", firi.'. fnirit, or the ornaments of conipo- 
 fition, applied to (Hie. Tedious, or oppreffing 
 like a bu<-then, applied t© time. Caufing a 
 fenldiion of weight, and not eafiiy digefted, 
 
 H E D 
 
 applied to food . ''Such as retain the oil or 
 " fat, are moll hea'uy to the (tomach. Arbuih. 
 HE'BDOMAD, S. \ hel>doMas, Lat.] a week 
 or fpace of time confiPring of fcven days. 
 
 HEB.OO'MADAL, or HEBDCMADO- 
 
 RY, Adj. weekly; confifting of feven days. 
 
 To HE'BETATE, V. A. to dull; to 
 
 blunt J to (lupify; to make dim. " The eye, 
 
 " \£ heikatfJ." Har-vcy. 
 
 HE'BETUDE, S. [hebetui^, Lat.] du!!- 
 nefs ; bluntnefs; obtuienefs; want of dil- 
 cernment or fagacity. 
 
 HE'BRAISM. S [kehra'tfnie, Yv.hebraifwus, 
 
 low Lat.] a method of expreflion, or a phrafe 
 
 borrowed from, or peculiar to, the Hebrew. 
 
 HEBRAIST, or HEBRI'CIAN, S. a 
 
 perfon (killed in Hebre.v. 
 
 HE'CATOMB, S. [vaxtw, and Byj% Gr.] 
 a facrifice confifting of an hundred cattle. 
 
 HECTIC, or HECTICAL, Adj. [ybfffi^a^, 
 Fr. ) habitual ; conflitutional. HcHlck-fcvcry 
 a flow and continual one, ending in a con- 
 fumptiori, and oppofed to fuch as arife from 
 a plethora, becaufe attended with a too lax 
 (bte of the excretory paflages, and generally 
 thofe of the (kin. Troubled with a diflem- 
 pered heat. " No heBk ftudent," Taylor. 
 
 HE'CTOR, S. [from HeHor the Irojan 
 hero] a huUy ; a bluftering, noify, and tur- 
 bulent perfon. 
 
 To HECTOR, V. A. to threaten ; to 
 treat with infolcnce ; to play the bully. 
 
 HEDGE, S. afence of trees or bu(hes made 
 round any ground to defend it from en- 
 croachments, or between the different parts 
 of a garden, fefc. 
 
 A qmckfct hedge is that which is formed of 
 prickly bulhes or trees which take root and 
 grow. "Wlien prefixed to any word, it denotes 
 fomething mean, vile and tontemptiblc. 
 " CorrecHor of a hed^e-prefs,^' Sivift. 
 
 To HEDGE, V. A. to inclofe with a fence 
 of trees or bufhes. Ufcd with uj>, to obftrudl 
 or (lop up a paflage. To force in with diffi- 
 culty ; to makewayinto a place already full, 
 by that way which requires the leaf! room. 
 
 HE'DGEHOG, S. ffo called from the 
 bridles which fiirround it, as it were with 
 a hedge] in Natural Hiflory, a four footed ani- 
 mal, having its backfiJe and flanks let with 
 ftrong and (harp prickles, which by the help 
 of a mufcle, can cotitrn£l itfelf into a globular 
 form, and withdraw its whole underpart, head, 
 belly, and legs, within its thicket of piickles. 
 In Botany, a plant. The globe filh. 
 HE'DGENETTLR, S a plant. 
 HE'DGE-NOTE, S. aword of contempt 
 for low and mean note-writing. " i. he hedge 
 " rotes." Dryd. 
 
 HE'DGEPIG, S. a young hedge-hog. 
 " The hidge-pigv/h'me:."' Shak. 
 
 HE'DGRROW, S. ftveral trees planted 
 in a line for an inclodire. 
 
 HEDGING-BILL, S. a kind of axe or 
 hatchet, with which hedges are cut 
 
 KE'DGER»
 
 H E G 
 
 HE'DGER, one %vho makes or repairs 
 hedges. 
 
 To HERD, V. A. [keJan, Sax.] to mind 5 
 to take notice of j to view with care or atten- 
 tion. 
 
 HEED, S. [hoed, Bel».] care; carneft appli- 
 cation of the mind; caution ; notice; care to 
 avoid; regard or refpeflfnl notice; fcrioufnefs; 
 naidnefs."A^tWvvasinhiscountenance."5i!i7. 
 HE'EDFUL, Adj. cautious or careful tvf 
 the immediate effedts or confei.]uenccs of an 
 adion ; attentive, or careful in taking notice 
 or obferving. 
 
 HE'liDFULLY, Adv. in an attentive or 
 . aiitious manner. 
 
 HE'ED FULNESS, S. caution ; attentive 
 notice. \ 
 
 HE'EDLRSS, Adj. negligent; inattentive. 
 HE'EDLESSLY, Adv. in an inattentive 
 or carelef manner. 
 
 HE'EDLESSNESS, S careleflhefs ; aftate 
 of mind wherein a perfon neither takes notice 
 of what he fees, regards what he hears, nor 
 minds the confeijueuces either of his a<ftions 
 or rafhnefs. 
 
 HEEL, S. [Me, Sax.] the hinder part of 
 the foot; uny thing which covers, or is rtiaped 
 like a heel : hence it is applied to the back part 
 of a ftocking, ^nd has given rife to the phrafe, 
 To he out of heel, i. e. to lie very much impair- 
 ed, or in a declining condition. "A good man's 
 " fortune may gr civ out at hechy ^shak. To 
 be at the hceh, is to purfue clofely. To lay by 
 the hteh, is to fetter, Ihackle, or imprifon. 
 
 To HEEL, V. N. to dance by beadi;g the 
 heels on the ground, as in jiggj- " I cannot 
 " ling, nor /jff/ the high lavoit " Sbak, To 
 heel on one fide, applied to a Ihip. 
 
 HE'ELPJECF, S. a lift of one or more 
 pieces of leather, cork, or wood, fixed on the 
 bottom cf the hind p;:rt of a fhoe; a piece of 
 Icath.cr, l^c. fcwed on the heel of a ihoe, to 
 repair what is worn away. 
 
 To HE'ELPIECE, V. A. to fewer faden 
 a piece of leather on z (hoe-heel. 
 
 HEFT, S. [from hcai-t, mf Ifl.] a keck, 
 or a violrnt effort m.ide to difcharge fome- 
 thing naufcou'from theilom'ach ; the handle 
 of a knife, &c. of L<s^fr, Sax, "' Both blade 
 " a. d Leftr V/^lki: 
 
 HEGIRA, S. Arab, fliglit, now applied by 
 theArabs tofiimify a voluntary exile or flighty 
 to efcapc pcrfccution, 10 fly or run away tfom 
 one's friends, relations, and country. InChro- 
 nolo'^y, a cclebr.'ited cpocha from u hence the 
 Wahommtdans compute their time, which 
 took its origin from Mahomet's flight from 
 Mecca on tiie evening of the 15th or 16th of 
 July, kii, in the reign of Heraclius, being 
 driven from thence l-y the magiltrates, for 
 fear his impolhire lliouldocc.ifion fedition. t\% 
 the years of the hegira confill of only 354 
 days, they are reduced to the Julian calendar 
 by multiplying the year of the hcgir.i by 35/), 
 dividing the prodii^ by 565, fubtr-'.^ing the 
 
 H E L 
 
 intercilary days, or as many times as there 
 are four years in the quotient, aod adding 6ii 
 to the remainder. 
 
 HEl'FER, S. [pronotmced kcffe- ; o<ihcah' 
 fare. Sax.] a young maiden cow, fomewhat 
 larger than a calf. 
 
 HEI'GH-HO, Interjeft. a word ufed to. 
 exprefs flight languor and uncadnefs ; and 
 fomictimes applied to fignify a joyful exulta- 
 tion. " Hdgh-ho for the honour of old Eng- 
 " land." Dryd. 
 
 HEIGHT, S. [pronounced hite; haut, Fr. 
 althii, Lat. See H'gh^} diftance or fpace above 
 ground; Ipace meafured upwards. In Geo- 
 graphy, the degree of latitude. A fumniit, 
 afccnt, or eminence ; elevation, rank, or dig- 
 nity above othcis ; the utmoft degree, perftc- j 
 tion, or exertion. 
 
 To HEI'GHrEN, V. A. [pronounced 
 hightcn'\ to raife above ground or on high i., 
 to prefer or raife to a higher pofl: ; to improve 
 or raife to a higher degree of perfedion ; to 
 aggravate, or increafe any bad quality ; to 
 adorn, or make more beautiful or fplendid by 
 ornaments. 
 
 HEl'NOUS, Adj. [pronounced heinous^ 
 from haitieux, Fr. ] wicked in a high degree ; 
 atrocious ; ihameful ; odious. 
 
 HEl'NOUSLY, Adv. in a very wicked or 
 atrocious manner. 
 
 HEI'NOUSNESS, S. the quality which 
 makes an action exceedingly wicked. 
 
 HEIR, S. [herhier, Fr. hares, Lat.] in 
 Civil Law, one who fuccceds to the whole 
 eltate of another, after his death, whether by 
 right of blood or tcflamenr. In Common Lav\', 
 one who fucceeds, by right of blood, to any 
 man's lands or tenements in fee. An .heir 
 opparciit, is he on whom tin- luccefllon is i^o 
 fettled, that it cannot be altered without al- 
 tering the laws of fucceflaon. //- h prcfun-fihie, 
 is the neaicft relation to thr;prcfent lliccciibr, 
 who, without the particular will of the tefla- 
 tor, cannot be (ct afide. 
 
 To HEIR, V. A. to inherit, or pofTefs by 
 right of inheritance. 
 
 HEI RESS, S. a female viho fucceeds to the 
 cftate of another, either by will or by blood. 
 HEI'RLESS, Adj. without children to 
 fucceed to an inherit.mce. 
 
 HEI'RSHTP, S. the fiatc, condition, or 
 privilege of an heir. 
 
 HELD, precer and part. palT. oi Hold. 
 HELl'ACAL, Adj. [ktliaoue, Fr. of aj(i<, 
 Gr. the fun | hid by, or appearing by comii>g 
 out of, the luflre ot the iiin. hciiacai lifng, 
 in Adronomy, is applied to a flar, v\hich 
 after Kaving been hid by the fun's rays, lifes 
 before it, and by that means becomes vifble. 
 Ihiuical fttirg, is applied to a ftar which 
 approaches fo near to the lun as to be hid 
 by its rays. 
 
 HELl'/'.CALLY, Adv. in Anionomy, in 
 fuch a manner as to cn:ergc from the fun's 
 rays and becvme vifible, or in fuch a man- 
 
 ntc
 
 H E L 
 
 ner as to apprnnch Co near to ths fun as to 
 be hid by its fpltiidor. 
 
 P.ELl'CAL, Adj. [hrue, Fr. of sXw, Gr] 
 fpiral ; or twifting like a cork-fcrew. 
 
 HELI'COID, S. [fromsXi*, aiide.ao,-, Gr ] 
 in Mathematics, applied ton parabola or curve, 
 arifinj; from the fuppofition of the axii of the 
 common Appollonian paraliola being ^ent 
 round ihe periphery of a circle, and is a line 
 puiTing -through the extremities of the ordi- 
 nates. 
 
 HELIOCE'NTRIC. Adj. \helhccntnjuc, 
 Fr. of oXio;, and xevt^ov, Gr. | in Aflionomy. 
 applied to the place of a planet, as it would 
 appear to us from the fun, if tlve eye were 
 fixed in its centre. 
 
 HE'LIOSCOPE, S [r;Xiof,and rxo7r£»;,Gr.] 
 a kind of tclefcope fitted for looking at the 
 body of the fun, w'thout hurting the eyes. 
 
 HE'LIOTROPE, S. \ kcUotnflwn, Lat.] 
 a plant which is fuppofed to turn fo as to be 
 oppofite to the i|u..rtcr in which the fun 
 fliines ; a riiMi-rol, or fun-flower. 
 
 HELISPHE'RICAL, Adj. [from Helix 
 and Sphere] in Navigation, applied to the 
 rhomb line, becaiife on the globe it winds 
 fpirally round the pole, advancing continually 
 nearer and nearer towards, without terminat- 
 ing in it. 
 
 HE'LIX, S. [eX<^, Gr. hdife, Fr.] a fpiral 
 line, or that which refembles a cork-fcrew. 
 
 HELL, S. \heUc, .Sax. of /'f/w?;. Sax. haJ^e, 
 Goth, bel, Belg. hclk, Teut. below, /:.?/, III'.] 
 the place wherein the devil and wicked fouK 
 are confiin'd 5 the wicked fpirits, or inhal)i- 
 tantsofhc!l5 a place of inconceivable mifcry 
 In Scripture, the original word is fcheol, and 
 fi«nifies fometimes the grave, or flate of the 
 dead ; for though it is tranflated gra-ve in Gen. 
 xxxvii ^ ^. and xlii. 38. yet the fame word is 
 tranflated hdl, PpA xvi. 10. which the con- 
 text fticws muR beunderftood the grave, or 
 (late of the dead. In this fenfe it is th.it 
 W'C underltand the word hdl in the apt.fllcs 
 creed; but not according to the vulgar notion 
 of a place of endltfs torments, or a place wliere 
 the devil and wicked fpirits refide. It miift, 
 however, be confefTed, that fckeo! is fome- 
 times ufcd in the laft fenfe; as in Pj'al. ix 17. 
 and ProT.' XV. 11. The gates of hell. Mat:. 
 xvi. 18 implies the power and policy of the 
 devil and his inltruments, alluding to the 
 eailern cuflom of keeping comts of jullicein 
 the gates of cities, lie jlrrr^vs and pains of 
 heJl, Pjhl. xviii. 5. is an PIcbrew phrafe for 
 excefUve p:i!n and forrow, or fuch a degree 
 as threarcrs a perfor.'s life. 
 
 HELL-HOUND, S. \of M/f-hunJ, Sax. 
 the fabled dog which guards the infernal re- 
 gions. Figuntivcly, an agent oremiflary of 
 the devil. 
 
 HE'LLEr^ORE, S. [/xMon,s, Lat.] a 
 plantof which tl^.tre arc two forts, one called 
 the /'!.■.'/;, and the other called the 'zvi'itc. 
 li£'LL£NlSM, S. [£XXsvia-,u>f, Gr.J an 
 
 H E L 
 
 idiom, phrafe, or manner of exprefHon pc- 
 culinr to the Greek. '. 
 
 HE'LLISH, Adj. [M/ice, Sax.] having 
 the qualities of hell, or the devil ; cxceffivcly 
 wicked or mi.iicious; fcnt from hell. 
 
 HE'LLISHLY, Adv. in a very wicked and 
 malicious manner ; wickedly ; or like the 
 devil. 
 
 HE'LLISHNE.SS, S. wickednefs in ex- 
 ccfs ; any tjuiiity inconfiftent with goodnels, 
 rendering us like the devil. 
 
 HE'LL WARD, Adv. tov.-ards hell. 
 HELM, S. [IcwK Sax.] a covering for- 
 merly worn in war to protect and defend the 
 iiead. " With plumed /-rw." Dryd. That 
 part of a coat of arms which bears the creft. 
 The upper part, or head of a retort, in Chc- 
 mifcry. T.he rudder or board by which the 
 courfe of a veOc! is dire(fted or altered, from 
 helma. Sax. Figuratively, one who adminif- 
 ters the afiT/irs of a kingdem. " You flander 
 ''the hrh:s o th' ftate." ^hak. A poft in the 
 adminiftratio"; or the fcaiion of thofe who 
 condu<ft the affairs of a government. 
 
 To HELM, V. A. to move the helm, in 
 order to guide or alter the courfe of a vei7Li. 
 Figuratively, to guide or condiiift. " The 
 '' bufmefs he hath helmed.'''' Shak. 
 
 HE'lMED, Adj. wearing a helmet, or 
 liead-piece. " The hchied cherubim." Par. 
 Loji. 
 
 HE'LMET, S. [lelmet, Belg.?/».v/.b, Ital.] 
 a covering for the head, worn formerly in 
 battle. 
 
 To HELP, V. A. fpreter helped, partici- 
 ple helped \ k:lpian. Sax. | to adift a perfon 
 in order toenablchim to perform any thing. 
 T'l hclh I'p, to enable a perfon to raife him- 
 felf from the ground, who could not rife 
 without a(Ti(tancc. To forbear, avoid, or 
 refrain from, followed by a participle of the 
 prefent tenfe. " I cannot help remarking " 
 Pope. To carve, or hand meat to a perfon 
 at table. 
 
 HELP, S. [kelp, Brit and Belg.] aflaftance 
 or aid in weaknefs; fupport in neceflity ; re- 
 lief in diftrefs ; that which forwards or pro^- 
 motes ; the perfon or thing which arfifts. 
 A remedy, followed hij for. " There is no 
 " help for it." holder. 
 
 HE'LPER, S. one who enables a perfon to 
 perform anything, by lending his afiUbnce; 
 a fupcrnum'erary fcrvant, employed only oc- 
 cafionally ; one who fupplies with any thing 
 wanted. 
 
 HE'LPFUL, Ad], ufeful; that which fup- 
 plies any defcft either in bodily Ifrength 
 or undcrfta-d ng ; wholcfome, or fldutary. 
 " Draw /v//-/!;/ medicines of ]foXim.'" Raleigh, 
 Promoting or advancing any end. 
 
 HE'LPLESS, Adj. w-anting power to fuc- 
 cour one's fclf ; wanting fupport er ufiirt- 
 ance ; not to be remedied or altered for the 
 better; void, or deficient. " Helplefs o£ all 
 " that human wants require." Dryd. 
 
 3 HE'LP-
 
 HEN 
 
 HR'LPLESSLY, Adv. without fiitcour, 
 or ftiength to Aippoit one's fclf. 
 
 HE LPLRSSNRSS, S. want of ftrength 
 to fnccour one's (llf. 
 
 HE'LTP:R SKfLTER, Adv. in a con- 
 fiifcd manner ; in a hurry j without any or- 
 der or regularity. 
 
 HELVE, S. [/j-y>, Sax.] the handle of 
 an axe. " The head iiippeth from the Lei'vi.' 
 Dcut. ix. 5. 
 
 HEM, S. [/6fw, Sax.] the edge of a gar- 
 ment doubled and fewed to keep it from un- 
 ravelling ; the noife made by a fudden effort 
 or expiration of the breath. 
 
 HEM, Interjccft. [ Lat.] a word ufed to 
 exprefs an indired diflfke or aftonilhmcnt at 
 fomething related. 
 
 To HE}<,1, V. A. [See the noun] to clofe 
 the edge of linen by turning it over, and Tew- 
 ing it down, in order to keep it from unra- 
 velling. Figuratively, to few any thing on 
 the edges of cloth, &c. " Hemmed v.ith gol- 
 *' den fringe." Fairy S^ 1e hem in, to in- 
 clofe, confine, or fiirround on all fides ; to 
 make a noife Ijy a violent fetching or expul- 
 lion of breath. 
 
 HE'MICRANY, S. [tuirv, and y^ancv, 
 Gr.] in Medicine, a pain which atfccfts only 
 one half of the head at a time. 
 
 HE'MIPLEG Y. S. [of ?)/y.(c-o, andwXsirc-iw, 
 Gr.J in Medicine, a paully or nervous dif- 
 order which feizes one fide at a time. 
 
 HEMISPHERE, S. [Fr. of ny^.jv, and 
 <T<f'aiji8v, Gr.] one half of the globe, when 
 cut through the center in the plane of one of 
 its great circlei;. 
 
 HEMISPHE'RIC, or HEMISPHE'RI- 
 CAL, Adj. [o( hcmifphcrt:] half round }- con- 
 taining halt a globe. 
 
 HE'MISTICH, S. [hermfachc, Fr.] half 
 a verfe. 
 
 HE'MLOCK, S. [ben.kac] in Botany, a 
 plant fomerinies ufcd in medicine, and in 
 fattening hogs, but reckoned by the ancients 
 a deadly poiibn. 
 
 HEMP, S. \_het:ep, ?ux. c.rnrapa, Ital.] a 
 plant of which cordage and cloth is made, 
 and of the feed, an oil ufed in medicine. 
 
 HE'MP-AGKIMONY, S. a plant which 
 grows wild by ditches. 
 
 HE'MPiiN, Adj. confining or made ot 
 hemp. 
 
 HEN, S. [hanna, Goth. I.atia, ban, kcett, 
 hen, henne, Sax. J the fcmjie of the Common 
 houfe cock ; joined to words to exprefs the 
 female of fuch bird.*; or fowls, which have but 
 one word ior both fexes j a /.t/;-fpjrrow. 
 *' Whilftlhe kcv.-h'vd is covering." yiduij. 
 
 HP:'N-DRIVER,Ht'NHARM,orHt.N- 
 HA'RRIFR. S. a f^-ecics of hau k. 
 
 HEN'HEA'RTED, A dj.ea(:ly frightened, 
 timorous; cowardly; like a hen, 
 
 HEN-PL'CKRD, Adj. figuratively, fub- 
 je<fl to, or governed by, a wiic, 
 
 HER 
 
 HEN-ROOST, S. a place where poultry 
 refit. 
 
 HE'NS-FEET, S. a kind of plant. 
 HE'NBANE, S. a very poifo. ous plant. 
 HENCE, Adv. and InterjeO. \hnnon, of 
 Z:r5flan, Sax. hinc, Lat. J at a diliance from 
 any fpot, applied to place ; therefore fnm 
 hence, is a vicious cxprcffion, which has crept 
 into ufe even among good authors, as the 
 primary fetife of the word hence was forgotten, 
 i'rom any p;:aicular inft.int or period, applied 
 to time. For this realon ; from this caufe ; 
 from thisfource. " //f«if may be deduced the 
 '' force of excrcife." Arhinh^ At the begin- 
 ning of a fentence, it is ufed as an interjec- 
 tion, cxpreiling fudden paffio^i and difdain, 
 bidding a peribn quit the place, or leave ofTaii 
 adion : " Hence with your little ones." Lhak. 
 HENCEFO'RTH, Adj. Ibeononjorth ,%^y..'\ 
 from this time forward. 
 
 HENCEFO'RWARD, Adv. \heonenfc.r- 
 ivcard. Sax J from this time; to all futurity- 
 To HEND, V. A. [hcn:an. Sax ] to feize 
 or lay hold upon ; to occupy, or croud. 
 " 1 he generous and gravclt citizens have 
 " hcnt the gates." Shak. 
 
 HEPA'fiC, or HEPA'TICAL, Adj. 
 \_hepc:t]qiie, Fr, hcfatkus, Lat.] belonging to, 
 or fituated in the liver. 
 
 HE'PTAGON, S. [eftag<re,Vr. o£ s'nla, 
 and yavM, Gr. j a figure with fcven fides or 
 angles. 
 
 HE'PTARCHY, S. \heptarchic, Fr.J a 
 governme.Tt in which fcven perfi>ns rule in- 
 dependent of eacJi other. - 
 
 HE'RALD, S. [k rant, Fr. hvaldo, Span.J 
 on officer who regifttrs genealogies, adjufts 
 and paints coat armour, regulates funerals, 
 aivd is employed in proclaiming peace and 
 r. \ iguratively, a forerunner, omen, or 
 token of fomelhing future. 
 
 1 o EIE'RALD, V. A. to introduce. " To 
 " herald thbeinto his fight." Hhak. Not ia 
 ufe. 
 
 HE'RALDRY, S. {heraldiciue, Fr.] the 
 bufinels or profcllioti of an herald ; the fci- 
 ence of bh.zonry, or paintiftg and defciibing 
 coat armour, pedigrees, i^c. 
 
 HERB, S. \hcrte, Fr. herha, Lat.] in Bo- 
 tany a plant whoie llalks are foft, and have 
 notiiing woody in them ; as grafs or Jiem- 
 ock. In Cookciy, a plant v\hofe leaves are 
 chiefly ufed, as fage or mint. 
 
 HERBA'CJEOLiS, Adj. belonging to, or 
 having the proper;ies ot herbs. " An kcrba- 
 " ceous plant.'' Bfuwn. Feeding on vege- 
 tables. 
 
 UE'RBAGE, S. [/jcr^^^-f,' Fr. ] a collec- 
 tive or general term applied to feveral forts of 
 herbs ; grafs, or padure. In Law, the tythe 
 and right ot paltuie. 
 
 HK'RBATv, S. a book containing the 
 names and delcriptions of plants. 
 
 ilL'RSALlST,S.a per/on IkillcdinpLints. 
 K k HE'R-
 
 HER 
 
 St. Magdalen, anJ St. Catherine, the one 
 over the other. The city is g<.vcrncd by a 
 major, \vlio returns two members to parlia- 
 ment. It lias particular privijeoes for its fe- 
 veial companies,who have diflin£\ halls. The 
 aflTzes, Cf,-. are holden heie. It has an hof- 
 pitdl liberally endowed, for twelve poor per- 
 ibns i with two charity fchools ; one for fixty 
 bovs, and ihe oihcr for foity girls; all tauglit 
 and cloaihed by fubfcription. Its weekly 
 markets are on Wednefday, Friday, and Sa- 
 turday ; and its annual fairs are Tuefday 
 after Candlemas- day, (February 2) for horn- 
 ed cattle, hoifes, and hops ; Wednefday 
 in Eofler-vveek, for horned cattle and hoifes; 
 May 19, a pleafure fair, and f(ir toys; July 
 I, for horned cattle and wool; ()(nol)er 2C, 
 for horned cattle, clieefe, and Welch butter. 
 HF.'REFORDSHIRF:, a county of Eng- 
 land, bounded ow the E by GloiicelKrlliire, 
 on the S. by ]\Ienmouth(hire, on the W. by 
 B.ecknocklhire and Raiinorfnire, and on the 
 N. by WorceRerlhirc and ShroplTiire. It is 
 nearly ciicuhr, conta;ni;ig thirty-five miles 
 from N. to S. thirty from E. to W. In it 
 arc one city, eight market towns, 176 pa- 
 lillies, two forcds, eight parks, about 95,6.0 
 inhabitants, and fends two membcis to par- 
 I'amcnt for the county, with two each for 
 Hereford, LenipQer, and Wcobly. The air 
 here is generally reckoned good ; and to fl:ew 
 how heal.hy and long lived the inhabitants 
 are, fcrjcant Hofkins, at a progicfs of king 
 James I. into thcfe parts, piocurtd'ien old 
 men and women to dance the maurice before 
 him, whofe ages put together made above a 
 tboufand And in this conntry the pleafant- 
 nefs and the falubrity of the trac^, particu- 
 larly betueen the Severn and "^Vye, have be- 
 come proverbial. The foil of this country 
 is very fruitful. It abounds in good corn and 
 palluie, wiih w^ool, water, and wood. The 
 bread and wool of Lempder are equally fa- 
 mous ; alfi) the wool of Wigmorc and the 
 G'oldenvaleou the Duffrin-dore, is as fine as 
 any in England, that of the South-downs 
 not excepted Cyder, which is the ccmmoii 
 diink of the country, is both good and cheap, 
 having been reckoned the bell in Englind, 
 till the rough has been preferred lo the foft, 
 firce vvhich theSoutham cyder of Devonlhire 
 cartiei it. 
 
 HE'RF.INT, Adv. in this ; in this cafe, 
 ft life, or refp' (fl 
 
 HERKMi' TICAL, Adj. folitary ; fuica- 
 ble to an hermit. 
 
 HE'REiY, S, {haejc, Fr. /.-are/Is, Lat.] 
 ai^is-ij, Cr. J ufed in a good ftnfe, it implies 
 a ft(fl or collc(!lion of peifi)ns lidding the 
 Lme opinion. In tjiis knfe it is uied m the 
 oiiginji, Affs xxvt. 5. In a bad feiife, ic 
 implies a fert or number of pcrfons feper:.ting 
 from, and oppofiug to the opinion of, the ca- 
 thi.lie eliurch, and as I'uch culpable; in this 
 rjofcJ with ilone, coniilting of two chaptls, 1 ftnfc it is ufcd by 5t. Paul, Gal. v. 10. and 
 
 I I Cor. 
 
 HER 
 
 HE'RBARIST, S. one (killed in herbs. 
 HK.'R|.5ELET. S a fm.ill herb. "Thcfe 
 «' Icrhekts:'' Slak. 
 
 HfC'RCOUS, Adi. abounding in herbs 
 HL'RBWOMAN, S. a woman who fells 
 herbs. 
 
 HE'RBY, Adj. partaking of the nature of 
 herbs. " Herhy fubflance." Biicon. 
 
 HERD. S. I heard, herd. Sax. \ a number 
 or multitude of btafls, generally applied to 
 Slack cattle ; jiocks being applied to fheep. 
 
 To HERD, V.N. to gather together in 
 multitudes, or companies, applied both to 
 men and beafts ; to allbciate, or mix in any 
 company, 
 
 HE'RDMAN, or HE'RDSMAM, S. one 
 employed in tending a number of cattle. 
 
 HERE, Adv [her, hare. Sax. hicr, Belg.] 
 the place where a pe; fon is prefent. This 
 place, appHed to fituation. The prefent flate, 
 oppoftd to a future one. Joined with there, 
 it implies in no certain place. " 'Tis nei- 
 *' ther here nor there." Shah. 
 
 HE'RE^ BOLTS, Adv. near this place. 
 HE'REAFTER, Adv. after the prefent 
 time. Ufed fubftantively, for a future ftate. 
 " Points out an hereafter.'''' Add'tf. 
 HE'REAT, Adv." at this. 
 HfL'REBY, Adv. by this; by this means. 
 HERE'DITABLK, Adj. [hctres, hceredh, 
 Lat.] that which may beewjoyed by right of 
 inheritance. 
 
 HERE'DITAMENT, S. \hierediun,,'LAt..'\ 
 in Law, an inheritance, or eftate defcending 
 by inheritance. 
 
 HERE'DITARILY, Adv. by inheritance. 
 HERK.'DITARY,, Adj. [Lered'itcnre, Fr. 
 h'ipr'ditar'r.is, Lat. j poffelFcd or claimed by 
 right of inheritance; defcending byinhcti- 
 ranee. Hereditary difiafa atcAuch as children 
 derive fiom their parents. 
 • -HK'RfcFORD, [/. e. in Saxon, the Ford of 
 tie »-»/v," as being the head-quarters of the 
 S'.xons before the conquell, and of tiie Eng- 
 lifh after] the mttropolis and only city of the 
 Ihireof its name; tliough large, it is not po 
 pulous, is an antique plac*,and lies low, on the 
 lianks of tire VVyc, which fometimes over- 
 flows the flrcet.s (o thut they are very dirty. 
 Its flourit'hing (Lite it originally owed to the 
 martyrdon of Ethelbert, king of the Fail 
 Angles, who was bafcly murdered by king 
 C'iui, and had a church built here to his me- 
 mory, foon aftererc<rted into an rpifcopal fee, 
 and held in high veneration by the Weft 
 Saxons and Mercim kings. This is a (lately 
 fabric, the fpire handlbme, but not high ; 
 with a fine tower at the weft end of it. I he 
 choir, though plain, is neat; and it has a 
 very good organ Here are great numlx-rs of 
 montiments of biihops, &e. The chuptcr- 
 huuie, which wx". veiy beautiful, was dedroy- 
 cd in the civil «ais. Bituci-n the calhedrjl 
 and tlie p:ilace is a venerable pile, built and
 
 HER 
 
 1 Ce/-. xi/iQ. and by St. Peter, 2 Efh. ii. i. 
 
 HE'RETIC, S. [herctique, Ir. alPiTiXv?, 
 Gr] one who propagates Ins private opinion, 
 in oppofition to th-it of the chuich. 
 
 KKRE'TICaL, Adj. containing herefy ; 
 erroneous. 
 
 HERK'TICALT.Y, Adv. after the man- 
 ner of an heretic ; with herefy j contrary to 
 the tiue icnfc of the Scriptures. 
 
 HF/RETO, Adv. to this ; add to this, 
 
 HE'RETOFORE, Adv. before the pre- 
 fcnttime; forrtierl-'. 
 
 HE'REUNTO, Adv. to this, 
 
 HE/RE WITH, Adv. with this. 
 
 HE'REOF, Adv. from hence ; from this; 
 of tliis 
 
 HK'RIOT, S. [hcregild. Sax.] in Law, a 
 fine paid to the loid at the death of a land- 
 holder, generally the heft thing in the poflcl- 
 fion of the land-holder. 
 
 HE'RITAKLE, Adj. [of /f^<-«, Lat.] in 
 LavM, that uhicli may he inherited 
 
 HE'RITAGE, S. [Fr.] an inheritance; 
 an eftate defcending by right of inheritance ; 
 an eitate. In Divinity, the peculiar or cho- 
 fen people of the Deity. " They affliit thy 
 '• baitage.'" Pfal. xciv. <;. 
 
 HFRMA'PHRODITE, S.[Fr. from epaw?, 
 Or. Mercury, and a^jpoJ'iTii, Gr. VenusJ an 
 animal in which hoth lexes are united. 
 
 HERMA'FIlRODniCAL, Adj. partak- 
 ing of both fexes. 
 
 HERM'-'TIC, or HERME'TICAL, [her. 
 fKirijue, Fr.j chymical. 
 
 JiLRME'TlCALLY, Ad^, in & chemical 
 manner, or for the purpofes of chemiftry. A 
 glaii. or vcHc! bcrmctkary feakd, is that which 
 has its mouth or neck cl')fed m fuch a man- 
 ner, that even the moft fuutile fpirit cannot 
 tranfpire. 
 
 Ilh'RiMlT, S. a perfon who lives in a de- 
 ftrt, or at a diftance trom focicty, for the Tike 
 of contemplation or devotion. 
 
 IIER'i\UTAGE,S, the cell, cot, or dwel- 
 l:iii» of a hermit, 
 
 HF.R'MinCAL; Adj. like a hermit; 
 f.iitatde to a hermit. 
 
 ilE'KMOOACFYL, S. \ L-nnoJaaylus. 
 Lat.] in Botany, the fnake's liead, his. Ir 
 hath a lily-fhaped flower, conlifting of one 
 leaf, and fhaped exaclly like an his, but has 
 a tuberous root, divided into two or three 
 dugs, like oblong bulbs. 
 
 JIERN, S. contracted from Ihiaii, which 
 
 fc-f. 
 
 HE'RNIA, S. [Lat.] in Medicine, any 
 kind of rupture. 
 
 HE'RO, S.a man eminent for bravery ; 
 V psrfon of diftinguiflied merit, abilities, or 
 xjitucs; the chief perfon in an epic poem, or 
 >n a piece of hiftory paiining. 
 
 HEROIC, or HERO'ICAL, Adj. like 
 an hero, performed under jjreat dif.idvan- 
 tJgcs, and ar<'uin<> rcmoikabie couijijc and 
 .'sbiluus. 
 
 H E T 
 
 HER ore ALLY, Adv. like an herd. 
 HE'ROINE, S. [Fr.] a female of extra- 
 ordinary virtues and bravery ; a female whd 
 is the chief perfonage in an epic poem, or itl 
 a picCe of hiftory paintintr. 
 
 HE:10'I^>M, S. [Fr.fthe qualities of ari 
 hero, retrained fometimes to cour.ige or in- 
 trepidity. " The Iliad abounds vxith more: 
 " heroijm, this with more morality," Brocm^S 
 Notes on the Odyfl." 
 
 HE'RON, Si [Fr.l a bird with long fleri- 
 der legs that feeds on SlTi. Now commonljp 
 pronounced and written bern. " Let them 
 " oti high the frighted hem I'urvey." Gjy. 
 
 FIE'P. PES, S. [Gr. and Lat. fiom if'^n, 
 Gr. to creep] a cutaneous heat or inflam.ma- 
 tion, divided into the lerfes miiiaris, which 
 appear^ like millet feed upon thefl^in, and the 
 I.erfes extders, moie corrofive, attended with 
 ruddy itching puftules, which in time ulci-* 
 rate the parts. 
 
 HE'RRING, S. \berir.e. Sax. harang, Fr.] 
 a fmall fdlt-water fi'h, coming in incredible 
 ihoals from Shetland, fi'om thence to Scot- 
 land, and fo gradually round our illand. A 
 ivkhe herring is that which is fdted and 
 pickled ; a red herring, that which is falteJ 
 and dried in fmoke. 
 
 HERSE, S. [See Hearfe] in Fortification, 
 a hittiie or portcullis in form of a harrow^ 
 befet with hon fpikes, ufually hung by a 
 rope, to be cut down in cafe of a fuiprife, cr 
 when the firfl gate is broken with a petard, 
 that it may fall and Hop up the paflage. 
 To HERSE, V. A. to put into a herfe. 
 HE'RSELF, the female perfonal pronourl, 
 whereby a w oman is fpoken of as diftini;inlll- 
 ed from others of her fex : this is ufed aftei^ 
 the norms and verbs. 
 
 HF/-.ITAN'CY, S. \hefuans, Lat.] a paufd 
 from fpt-aking or ading, arifing from an im- 
 pediment of ipeech, doubt, or want of refo- 
 lution. 
 
 To HE'S I TATE, V. N. \hef.fo, Lat. 
 kcjitcr, Fr.] to paufe, or ceafe from adiion 
 or fpeaking for want of refolu-ion ; to delay; 
 to be in doubt; to make a difficuhv. 
 
 HESITA'TION. S. a paufe or delaV, ariA 
 ing from doubt or fufpieioii j a fcrupie 5 an 
 intermilTion of fpeeeh, owing to ibm.e natu- 
 ral impediment. 
 
 HEST, S. {hcefe, Si\.] the command, pre-* 
 cept, law, or order of a fuperior. " Refuf- 
 " ing her grand htjis." i>hak. Ufed only itl 
 poetrv. 
 
 HETERO'CLITE. S. {heteroditim, Lat ] 
 a n-^un wliich varies from the common forms 
 of declenfion by redundancy, defeifl, orother- 
 wife. Figuratively, any perfon or tiling devi- 
 ating from the common rule and llandard. 
 
 HETEROCLFriCAL, Adj. deviating 
 from the common rule. " Sins /jetircclitua/.'* 
 Bruivn. 
 
 HE'TERODOX, Adj. [of£7£.-of and Je*a, 
 K k 7, ■ Gr.j
 
 H I B 
 
 Gr.] contrary to the elhbliflieJ opinion, op- 
 pofi.'d to orthodox. 
 
 Hd'TtR.ODOXY. S. a peculiar opinion , 
 an opinion difTcring from the generahty oi' 
 mankind. 
 
 HETEROGE'MEAL, Adj. of a different 
 nature, kii,u, orqu.hty. 
 
 K£TER.OGE.VE'IT\', S. \hctcrozenche', 
 Fr. See Heterogen-ous] oppofition oi nature j 
 contruHetv or differeace of qualities. 
 
 HETtROGE'NEOUS, Adj. i the^inthii 
 word, and all its derivates, is founded foft] 
 of a different kind : contrary, difliinilar, or 
 different in properties or nature. 
 
 HETERO'SCIANS, S. [ete^^?, and <r/»s, 
 Gr.] in Geography, thofe whole ihadows, at 
 noon-day, are always projected or directed the 
 fame way ; fuch are thofe who live in the tem- 
 perate zones, the (hadows of thofe of the 
 northern tropic falling always north. In its 
 primary fenfe, it denotes thofe inhabitants ot 
 t-T- e;iith who have their Ihadows projected 
 d'ffcrent ways from each other : in this fenfe, 
 w.-, wlio inhabit the north temper .te zone, 
 are hitcrojilam to thofe who inhabit the fouth 
 temperate zone. 
 
 To HEW, V. A. [keaiuian. Sax.] to cut 
 
 by force witli an edged inflrumcnt \ to hack i 
 
 to chop ; to fell, form, or (hape with an axe. 
 
 HE'WER, S. one who cuts wood or (tone. 
 
 A carver, in facred writ. 
 
 HE'XAGON, S. [Lcxagr.ne, Fr.] a figure 
 containing (ix fides or angles. 
 
 HEXA'GONAL, Adj. confiffing of, or 
 having fix fides or corners. 
 
 HEX A'GONY, S. a figure confifting of fix 
 
 fides See Hexagon. " I reid in St. Ambrole 
 " of hexigonie:." Brcuf!. 
 
 HEXA'METER, S. a verfe containing fix 
 
 feet. , 
 
 HEXA'HGULAR, Adj. having fix angles 
 
 or corners. 
 
 HE'XAPOD, S. an animal having fix feet. 
 
 *' That fort of bexafcds are eaten." Ray. 
 HEXA'STJCH, S. a poem confifting of 
 
 fix lines or verfe 
 
 HEY, Interj. [from highl a word ufed to to frighten or Ihock 
 
 H I E 
 
 I.-,nging to the winter. " In Its hibernal con- 
 '• verfion " Brjivn. 
 
 HIBE'RNIAN, Adj. [hllernia, Lat.] be- 
 longing to Ireland. Ufed fubflantively, for 
 a native or inhabitant of Ireland. 
 
 HI'CCIUS-DOCTIUS, S [corrupted from 
 htc ejl Docl:'.s, Lat. /'. e. this, or here is the 
 learned man] a cant word for a juggler,or one 
 that pretends to conjuring ; the art of dexte- 
 rity of hand. Figuratively, one that plays 
 fait and loofe. 
 
 H'CCOLGH, S. [houquet, Fr.J a convul- 
 five, interrupted, :!nd uneafy motion of the di- 
 aphragm, and pans adjacent, made in drawing 
 in our breath, whereby the mufcle retiring im- 
 petuoully downwards, impels the other parts 
 beneath it, and is accompanied wi;h a ibno- 
 rous expulfion of the air through the moutli. 
 To HI'CCOL GH, V. N. to fob or make 
 a noifc from a convulfive or fpafmodic con- 
 cuffion of the di tphragm. 
 
 To FII'CCLP, V. N. [a corruption of ^^iV- 
 cs;,gh^ to make a noife from a convulhon of 
 the diaphragm. " When I am in a fit lo h'tc- 
 " cup." Hudib. 
 
 Hl'CKW.ALL,orHrCK\VAY, S. a bird. 
 To HIDE, V. A. [preter fid, part paff. 
 hid, or adder., ot' heidan, .Sax.] to conceal, or 
 withdraw from a perfon's fight or knowledge. 
 HIDE and SEEK, S a play among chil- 
 dren, in which one hidej himfelf, and another 
 fceks after, or endeavours to find him. 
 
 HIDE, S. [/ryd. hyde, Sax.] the flcin of any 
 brute, either raw or drellcd ; the human (kin, 
 io called when coarfe, or in contempt. 
 
 HI'DEBOUND, Adj. in Farriery, applied 
 to a horfc when his iTvin (licks fo hard to his 
 ribs and back, that it cannot be pulled or lool- 
 ened. In Botany, applied to trees, when ihc 
 bark will not give way to the growth j harfii ; 
 referved , untra(fiaLlc. " fhe har(herandAf<^lr- 
 ' bounder — the dam f<.Is prove." ii'a^;^. Figu- 
 ratively, niggardly; penurius; parfimonious. 
 HIDE'OUS, Adj. [Lldeux, Fr.] affecting 
 with terror, fear, or horror ; (hocking. 
 KIDE'OUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 
 exprefs fudden or mutual encouragement 
 
 HE'Y-HO, Inlerj. SeeHeigh-bo. 
 
 HE'Y-DAY, Interj. ' for cigh-day] an ex- 
 preffion of frolic, joy, and fometimes of fur- 
 prize and wonder. 
 
 HIA'riON, S. [iwf-vi, of «5, Lat.] the 
 aft of gaping. " Obferving the continual b:- 
 " ation.'^ Brcn'Ti. Seldom uied. 
 
 HIA'TUS, S. [Lat. of/io, L^t.] an aper- 
 ture or breach; the opening of the mouth by 
 pronounci g one word ending, and another 
 beginning, v/ith a vowel. In Grammar, a 
 fault in compofing, arifingfrom the ufingtwo 
 words together, the former of which ends, 
 and the latter bej^ir.s, wiih a vowel. In Ma- 
 nulcripts, a gap or AdcO. in the copy by time 
 or accident. 
 
 HIBE'RNAL, Adj. Ihibemui, Lat.J be- 
 
 HIDE'OUSNESS, S. that quality which 
 renders a perfon or thing an obje<ft of terror. 
 
 HI'DEK, S. the perfon that conceals him- 
 felf, or withdraws from fight. 
 
 To HIE, V. N. [higan. Sax.] to haftcn, or 
 to go in hade. Formerly it was ufed wiili 
 the reciprocal pronouns Limfelf, C^c. but is 
 now fcarce ever ufed, unlcfs in poetry. 
 
 HI'ERARCH,S thechicfof a facred order. 
 
 HIERA'RCHICAL, Adj. [Herarchiytie, 
 Fr ] belonging to the fpiritual order, or to 
 ecclefiadical government. 
 
 HIER.A'RCHY, S. [hkrarcbie, Fr. See Bi- 
 crach] in Divinity, ficred government, or the 
 order and fnbordinatioti among the feveral 
 ranks of ani;els, an ecclef:a(tical L(labli(hmcnt. 
 
 HIEROGLY'PH, or HIEROGLY'PHIC, 
 S. [bUrog/y^be, Fr. of iBjio;, facred, and y'>^v- 
 
 <?■■•'»
 
 H I G 
 
 <pa). Gr. to engrave or carve, bccaufe original- 
 ly carved on walls or obelifks] :in emblem, or 
 piiflurcf^jue reprofcnliiion of fometliing. 1 his 
 being the fiill mrthod of writing, was gene- 
 rally underllood by every one i but when cha- 
 raiflers were introduced in (lead ofpi<finres, the 
 meaning of hieroglyphics became at length 
 unintelligible, and thence gave rife to idola- 
 try. Being made uft of by the Egyptian prieftf 
 to keep the myderies of their religion from 
 the knowledgeof the vulgar, they ue.e thence 
 Called hieroglyfLics, or facred characfters. 
 
 HI'EROPHANT, S. [i/p-favTE?, Gr.] one 
 who teaches the rules of reli. ion. " Heathea- 
 " i(h prieds, and hlerofhantsy Brcivn. 
 
 To HI'GGLE, V N. fof uncertain ety- 
 mology, perhaps corrupted from haggle] to 
 beat down the price of a thing in a !)argain j 
 to be long in agreeing on the price of a com- 
 modity; to fell provifions from door to door : 
 this, according to Johnfon, fecms to be the 
 original meaning. 
 
 HI'GGLEDY-r'I'GGLEDy,Adv.[acant 
 word, corrupted from higgle^ higglers carrying 
 a huddle, or confufed medley of provifions 
 together] In a confufed or diforderly manner. 
 HI'GGLER, S. one who fells provifions 
 by retail from door to door ; one who buys 
 fowls, butter, eggs, &c. in the country, and 
 brings them to town to fell. 
 
 HIGH, Adj. [/jf,!/j, Sax.] long upwards, or 
 the diftance of the top of a thing from tlie 
 ground. " The monument is 202 feet high. 
 " The tower of St. Paul's, before it was con- 
 *' fumed by fire, was 528 feet high, exchifive 
 " of a pole of copper, whereon was a crofs : 5 
 " ©ne-half feetZig-i&." Elevated in place; raif- 
 ed above the earth, applied to the mind. Ex- 
 alted, applied to rank, condition, or nature 
 Rifined o*- fublime, applied to thoughts or 
 lentiments. High blood, noble ; above the 
 vulgar. Violent, loud, or tempeduous, ap- 
 plied to wind. Ungovernable, turbulent, ap- 
 plied to the paflions. Joined withnV.Y, com- 
 plete, full, proper, cr almoft elapfed. Strong, 
 Jiot, warm with fpices, applied to food. Re- 
 ceding from the equator, or towards the pole, 
 applied to latitude. Capital, oppofcd to little 
 or petty, as '* high treafon." Dear, or cofting 
 much, applied to price High-, when ufed in 
 compofition, has a great variety of meanings, 
 but generally includes the idea of a gre^it de- 
 gree of any quality. From high, from above ; 
 from a fuperior region ; from heaven. On 
 high, aloft; above; into fuperior regions; 
 into heaven. 
 
 HI'GH-BLEST, Adj. fupremely happy, 
 "Gob high-bkjir Par. Left. 
 
 HI'GK-BLOWN, Adj. puffed up excef- 
 fively. " High-llonun pride." Shnk. 
 
 HI'GH-BORN, Adj. of a race faperior to 
 the vulgar ; of noble extra(f^ion. 
 
 HI'GH-BUILT, Adj. of a lofty flrnc^nre; 
 of great length upwards j covered with lofty 
 buildines, 
 
 ^ i 
 
 F^ I L 
 
 HI'GH-COLOURED, Adj. haviijga deep 
 or glaring colour 
 
 _ HI'GH-DESIGNrNG, Adj. forming at 
 fGhemcs or plans. " His high dejlgmvg 
 " thoughts " Dryd. 
 
 HI'GH-FED, Adj. pampered, or living on 
 luxurious diet. 
 
 HI'GH fLIER, S. one that carries his 
 opinions to extravagance. 
 
 HI'GH-FLOWN, Adj. elevated; prouc', 
 *■'■ Higb-jloiun hopes.'" Dcnh. Turgid ; ex- 
 travagant. " A kigh-fciun hyperbole." V Ej- 
 trarv. 
 
 HIGH-FLYING, Part, extravagant in 
 claimsoropinions. '■^W^h-fym^r \S\n<^^" Cyd 
 HI'GK-HEAPED,^dj. covered with large 
 heaps ; or rifmg in great heaps. 
 
 HI'GH-METTLED, Adj. proud; not 
 eafily governed, or provoked with relraint. 
 HIGHLAND, S. a place abounding in 
 mountains. 
 
 HI'GHLANDER, S. one who inhabits the 
 mountains ; generally applied to the Scotch 
 who inhabit the mountains in the north and 
 wcfl-. 
 
 HI'GHLY, Adv. lofty, applied to place 
 or fituation. In a great degree ; in a proud, 
 arrogant, or ambitious manner. 
 
 HI'GH-MINDED, Adj. proud orarroganf. 
 HI'GIIMOST, Adj. (an irregular word] 
 hlgheft; higher in firuation than another. 
 
 HI'GHNESS, S. loftii.efs or diltance from 
 the furface of the earth ; a ti'ile given to prin- 
 ces, formerly to king^. Dignity of nature j 
 fupremacy. Ferfeftiorr too great to be com- 
 prehended, applied to the Diety. 
 HI'GH-RED, Adj. of a deeep red. 
 HI'GH- SEASONED, Adj. warm with 
 fpices. 
 
 HI'GH-STOMACHED, Adj. obdinate ; 
 eafily provoked ; proud. 
 
 HI'GH-TASTED, Adj fcafoned with 
 hot fpices. 
 
 HI'GH-VICED, Adj. exceedingly wicked. 
 " Some ^/V-?)-r;V^(^ city," Shah. 
 
 HI GH- WATER, S. the iumoft flow, the 
 greateft fwell, or that ftate of the tide when 
 it ccafes to flow up. 
 
 HI GHWAY, S. a great or public road. 
 HfGH W.A YMAN, a perfon who robs on 
 horfeback on the public roads. 
 
 HI'GH- WROUGHT, Adj. finifhed to 
 great perfe(flion with great pains and labour. 
 HT'GLAPER, S. an herb 
 HILA'RirY, r/j,7tf/7Mj, Lat.] gaiety or 
 miith. " Averroes redraineth his /;/«/;y." 
 Broivn. 
 ' HI'LARY, Adj. rfrom TUhrws, a Roml/h 
 faint] a term which begins on January, fo 
 called from the fealt of St, Hilarius, celebrat- 
 ed about that time. 
 
 HILDING, S. a contemptible, cowardly 
 fellow. " 7 his idle ray, this hi Jdirg." Shak, 
 A mean or wonhlefi woman. < Hailots and 
 " hi/dings.'" ShaA, 
 
 iik 3 HILL,
 
 H I N 
 
 H I S 
 
 HILL, S.[hh7e, Sax./;;/, Belg.] an cmi- er may be enabled to trace out (iimesViing 
 
 ncncc or lieap of carlh lefs than a mountain. 
 
 HI'LLOCK, S. a liitle hill, 
 
 III'LLY, Adj. full of hills 
 
 HI LT, S. I l.i.h, he':, of healdan. Sax.] the 
 handle of anv inllrument, but peculiarly ap- 
 plied lo that uf a fword. 
 
 HIM, Pion the oblii^ne Cifc of he, from 
 h'nn. Sax. the dative and aliLtive of he. Hhn 
 9nd hh, though now onlv applied to males, 
 were formerly ufed as a neuter. 
 
 HIMSELF, Pron. [byffylfcs, Sax.] in the 
 nominative of the fjmc fignification as ke, 
 only more emphatical, and to diftinguifh 
 the peifon it is applied to from any other. 
 Among ancient authors it is ufcd inflead of 
 itfelf " >\s high as heaven hlrrfcif.'''' Shak. 
 In tlie ohlioiie Cdfis it has a recprocal (i^ni- 
 fication, ;tnd forretimes not. 
 
 HIN, S. [Ktb.] a Hebrew mcafure, con-, 
 tainin;' one gitllon and two pints. 
 
 HiND, Adj. [compar.ifc/K(/tT, fuperlat.,^;W- 
 tncjl ; k'ird.2, kir.dav. Sax. i that which is be- 
 hind another, or backward, oppofcd to fore. 
 
 HIND, S. fZ^W, Sax.] the female of a 
 hart, (Ij'S or red deer : the rvlf year (lie is 
 called a ciz.if, the ftcond 2iheaije, fometimes a 
 brocket' ijijii-r, and ihc third a llnd. A fervant, 
 from k-.y.c. Sax 
 
 HrNDEERRIES, S. a fruit, likewifc 
 
 named lai'hhcrria. 
 
 To Hi'KDER, V. A \ki::driav, Sax.j to 
 prevent ; to delay 5 to flop, or impede, 
 
 HrNrL\'LR, Adj. [thecoriiparativeof /tiWj 
 that wliich is placed bickwards, or in a pofi- 
 tion contrary to that of the f:;ce. 
 
 HrKDF.RANCE. S. an obflr-jftion or 
 Impediment ; any thing wliich prevents a 
 pevfon from proccedirg in what he has be- 
 gun, or from accomplilhing what he intends. 
 
 HI'Ni. F/R ER, S. any peifon or th.ing that 
 prevents or flops any undertaking, or rctatdi 
 it by difficulties. 
 
 HI'NDERMOST, Adj. [the fuperlative of 
 hh:d; l.lrJn-.oJ} is the molf properj the laft in 
 order, or farthed off in fituation. 
 
 Hl'NDMOST, Adj. [the proper fuperla- 
 tive of /'/>(/] thelafl in o.der, the fartheO off 
 in fituation. 
 
 HINGE, S. a kind of joint made of iron or 
 
 which we do not mention. To allude to j to 
 touch (lightly upon. 
 
 HINT, S. a faint notice given ; a remote al- 
 lufion ; an inlinuation by which an he.ircr may 
 come to the knowledge of a thing not exprtfsly 
 mentioned ; a fuggcflion ; an intimation. 
 
 HIP, S. \hi}.-e, hipf-e, '^ax.j the joint or 
 f^Tfliy part of the thigh. In liotany, the f'. nit 
 of the brijr or dogrofc, from h'Opa, Sax. lu 
 Medicine, a contraction of hypochoncriac. 
 
 To HIP, V. A. to fprain or (hoot the hip. 
 " His horfe was iit-fd.'"'' Hhak. 
 
 HIP-HOP, a cant word ufeJ to exprefs 
 the motion of a perfon who has fpraintd his 
 leg or foot, and is foi-mcd from a corrupt 
 r-pctition of hop. " Like Volfcius hip-hop 
 " in Tingle boots." Ccr.gr. 
 
 HIP, Inicij. a word ufed in calling to a 
 peifoTi in oder to Hop him, or bring him to- 
 wards one 
 
 H r P P T S H, Adj . See Hypochondriac. 
 HI'PPOCENi AUR, S.' [from ^n-n-.; and 
 xiv'iaijp}';, Gr. ] a fjbulous monfler, half a 
 horfe and half a man. 
 
 HI'PPOCRASS, S. [hypncras, Fr.] -i me- 
 dicated v\ine. " SacK, and the w'cll fpiccd 
 " hippocrafs.'" K'nig. 
 
 HlP'POCRATLS's SLEEVE, S. a wool- 
 len big m;;de in the form of a pyramid, by 
 joining the two oppofiie corners of a fijuare 
 piece of flannel together : ufcd in liraining of 
 fyrnps, wines, &c. 
 
 ' HIPPOGRIFF, S. [itttt:?, yfv'^, Gr. hip- 
 pogrifi'c, Fr. ! a winged horfe. 
 
 H'iPPO'TAMUb, S [iTTTTo-, and wsra- 
 ,cccc, Gr.j the river hcrfc ; an animal found 
 m the Nile. 
 
 Hl'l'SHOT, Adj. having the hip fpraincd 
 or out of joint. 
 
 HIPWORT, S. a plant. 
 To HIRE, V. A, [hyran, hyrlan. Sax. inc- 
 rcrt, Helg.J to procure a thing, for a certain 
 rime, at a price agreed on ; to engage a perfon 
 10 work a certain time, or do a particular ftr- 
 vice for a fum of money. Figuratively, to 
 bribe, or prevail on a'perfun to do a thing 
 for the fake of money which he wonld not 
 otlier'vife. 
 
 HIRE, S. money paid tori he ufe of a thing. 
 
 /Other metal, which moves on a pivot, and or wages paid a perfon for iabouroratlcndance 
 faflens two pieces cf board togetl.tr, fo as H1'REL]NG,S one who works for wages, 
 they may play backwards and forw:.tds with- I In Scripture, a mercenary perfon, or one who 
 out being fc|Mrdted : doors are, by means of has no other legard for him whom he fcrvcs. 
 
 this n-.cclunifm, hung fo as to open and Ihut. 
 figuratively, the caidinal points. teeCjrd:- 
 val. A g.iveming rule or principle To I c off 
 :ke hir.gis, a phr.ife fjgnitying to be in a rtatc 
 of irregnhri'y or diforder. 
 
 To HiMGE, V. A. tofiirnifh with, or hang 
 vpon hmgi';. Figuratively, to bend like an 
 hinge. ^'- I'irge X.\\-<j knee." Shak. 
 
 To HjINT, V. A. [Lentati, Sax.] to bring 
 to mind by (light mention ; to mention im- 
 pcrfcdly ; to drop a word by which the hiar- 
 
 or the thinjiS he is intruded, with, but a mere 
 profpc(ft of lucre. Sen yrhn x. iz. A woman 
 wh'.i turns prollitnte for lucre. 
 
 HIRELING, Adj-. frrviig for hire, mer- 
 cenary, or a,:li:igm.errly for the fake of lucre. 
 
 HI'l-lER, S. one who pays money for the 
 ult f .1 thing, or engages the ftrvice of ano- 
 tli'-".', by ptomifinghim wages for his labour. 
 
 IIIRSU'TE, Adj. [Lhjutus, Lat ] rough 
 ov > uggcd. 
 
 Hli, Pion. pofl; [hys, gen, of >ifs,Sax.] th s 
 
 word '
 
 II I T 
 
 word is maffiiline, and (hews tliat a tiling lie- 
 longs totl'.c ptiToii mentioned liefore, and was 
 formerly ufcJ in a neutral fenfe infteuJ of its. 
 
 ■J o HISS, V. N. [Npr:, Belg.J to make a 
 noife by fhutting the teeth, appl\ inutile tongue 
 to them, and hreatliing thro' them, re'em- 
 trling the m.ife of a lerpent ; to ule with the 
 higlieil degree of contempt ; to explode^ or 
 condemn a performance. 
 
 HISS, S. a noife made by breathing thro' 
 the teeth when (hul ; a noiie made by a fer- 
 pent and fome other animals ; cenfure, or an 
 cxpreflion of contempt and difapprobation, 
 Jhewn by hi/Ting. 
 
 HIST, Int. a word ufed to command filence. 
 HI'STORIAN, S {/::f:o kn, Fr. f.ifiorku!. 
 Lat.J one vviio gives an account of fafts and 
 events. 
 
 HlsrO'RIC, or HISTO'RIC'XL, Adj. 
 containing or giving an account of fadls or 
 events; fuitahlc and belonging to hiftory. 
 
 HlSrO'RlCALLY, Adv." in the manner 
 of hiflory j by way of narrative. 
 
 '1 o HISTO'RIFY, V. A. to relate or re- 
 cord in hiftory. 
 
 HIS rORIO'GRAPHER, a profcflcd hif- 
 torian, or writer of hiltory. 
 
 HISTORIOGRAPHY, S. the art or em- 
 ployment of a hiitorian. 
 
 HI'STORY, S. [irojw, Gr. hiftoria, Lat. 
 kijiouc, Fr ] a narration, or defcription of the 
 feveral iranfaftionSjadlions or events of a (late, 
 king, or private perfon, delivered in tlie order 
 in which they happened ; a narration or rela- 
 tion. Natural IVijiory is a defeription of the 
 produttions of natuie, whether plants, ani- 
 mals, vegetables, rivers, &c. 
 
 HlSTRIO'NIC,orHISrRI0'NICAL,Adj. 
 \hifino, l.at. hifirkn, Fr.J befitting the flage ; 
 luirable to a pl.jyer; belonging to the theatre j 
 becoming a buffoon. 
 
 HIS'JRIO'NICALLY, Adv. after the 
 manner of a player, mimic, or bufibon. 
 
 To HIT, . A. [Litten, Belg.J to flrike 
 with a blow ; to touch a mark aimed at by a 
 perfon at a di(tanct ; to attain ; to rea;h a 
 point ; to flrikc a ruling paflion ; to mention 
 a peifon's peculiar foible, ufed with off. To 
 ^.etermiue precifely ; to pitch upon without 
 labour. To clalh, applied to two things 
 which are made to touch eacli o her. 
 
 HIT, S. a (hoke; a lucky chance ; fuccefs 
 owing to meer accident 5 or a dilcovcry made 
 by cliance. 
 
 To HITCH, V. N. [h:cgj,i, Sax. bochcr, 
 Fr.] to be catched as upon a hook ; to move 
 by jerks ; to Itrike one ankle againft another 
 i.i walking, 
 
 Hl'TCHEL, S. \kechel, Teut.] theinflru- 
 ment with which flax is beaten and combed. 
 See llatchel. 
 
 To fU'TCHRL, V. A. [See Ilatcbel] to 
 beat or comb flax or hemp. 
 
 HITHE, S. [hythe. Sax.] a fmall port, ha- 
 ven. 01 whaif for hading goods j henctQucen- 
 
 II O B 
 
 Mthe,Lnmh-hithe,now corrupted toLambeth. 
 HPTHKR, Adv. [bidor. Sax. J to this 
 place, including motion from fome other : 
 ufed in oppofition to tHrh-r. Hither and thi' 
 ther, from thi? place to that. Toihiscnd, dc- 
 fign, or argument ; in this fenfe. 
 
 HI'THEaMOSr. Adj. (fuperbtiveof/../- 
 thcr] nearelt to us ; nearcft on this fide. 
 
 Hl'THFRTO, Adv. to this time; yet j 
 
 not till this time; at every tiroe till theprefent. 
 
 HI'rHKR\VARD,orHI'rHER\VARDS, 
 
 Adv. [hitheriueurd. Sax. J this way; towards 
 
 this place. 
 
 HIVE, S. [byfe, of hh-^n. Sax.] a fmall 
 convenient houfe or lodging for bees, wherein 
 they live and form their eel's. Figuratively, 
 the bees which are contained in a hive ; a 
 company. 
 
 To HIVE, V. A. to put into hives. Figu- 
 ratively, t» contain as in a hive. 
 
 HrVfcR,S one who covers bees with hives. 
 HO, or HO' .A, Inteij. [ebu, Lat.] a word 
 ufed to give notice of approach ; or to fix the 
 attention of a perfon at a dillance. 
 
 HOAR, Adj. [bar, Sax ] white ; white 
 with froft or age. 
 
 HOARD, S. [hoi-d^ Sj.^.j money, or any 
 thing elfe laid up in fecret ; a hidden heap or 
 Hock 
 
 '1 o HOARD, V. A. to lay up (lore; to lay 
 up money in iieapj and in fecret. Neuterly, to 
 inake hoards. 
 
 HO'ARDER, S. one that heaps up treafure, 
 and bides it. 
 
 HO'ARHOUND, S. a plant fo called, be- 
 caufe its leaves and flower aie covered with a 
 hoary colour. 
 
 HO'ARINESS, S. the quality of appearing 
 wliite; whitenefs occafioncd by age. Fi"ura- 
 tivcly, old age. 
 
 HOARSE, Adj. [bas. Sax. heerfcb, Belg.] 
 having the voice rough with a cold, having 
 A rough found. 
 
 HO'ARSELY, Adv. fpeaking rough oi 
 harlh w ith a cold ; with a rough harlh voice 
 or found. 
 
 HO'ARSENESS.S. [hafreffe, Sax.| rough- 
 nefs of voice, peculiarly applied to the harlli- 
 nefs occafioned by a cold. 
 
 HO'ARY, Adj. [bar, brirwg. Sax.] white, 
 or whitilh ; white or grev with age or frolt. 
 
 To IIOKBLE, V^n'.\h,;Ui!:r., or hoUcn, 
 Belg.] to walk ia".rely or awkwardly, or with 
 frequent hitches. 
 
 HO'BBLE, S. a rough or lame motion in 
 walking; an awkward gait. 
 
 HO'BBLINGLY, Adv. after the manner 
 of a perfon who is lame ; with a halting or 
 av\ kward gait. 
 
 HO'DBY, S. [haubereaii, Fr.] a fpecies of 
 hr.vk ; a pacing horfe ; a Hick hung with 
 bells, &c. on which children get allride and 
 ride. Fignralivelv, a (lupld fellow. 
 
 11 0'BBY- HORSE, S. a (Hck on which 
 
 children get aihide and tide j a Itupid fellow. 
 
 K k 4 HOBBY-
 
 HOG 
 
 H0"BBY-H0RSICALLY, Adv. in an odd 
 manner ; ftiipidly ^ acroidin" to a perion's 
 ruling; pafllon or particular foible. 
 
 HO'BGOBLIN, S. an elf, fpirit, or chief 
 among the goblins. 
 
 HO'ElT^a fmall mortar from (Ik to eij^ht 
 inche' diameter, mounted on a carriage made 
 gun-fa(hion, and ui'td for annoying an enemy 
 at a dill nee with fmall bombs. 
 
 HO^V-'ML, S. a nail with a thick, ftrong 
 head, fo called, becaufe ufed in (hoeing a hob- 
 by or little borfe. 
 
 'hCBNAI'LED, Adj. covered with hob- 
 ndls. 
 
 HOCK, S. [hoh, Sax.] the joint between the 
 knee- an:: the fetlock . the fore-end or quarter 
 of a fl'tcb.or the Icfs andbony end of a gam- 
 mon of b^con ; old I'trong beer, wine, <£fc. 
 particularly old ftrcne Rhcnifh wine. 
 
 To HOCK, V. A. to cut the joint between 
 the knee and fetlock. 
 
 HO'CK-HF.RB, S. [toc,I:>oce, Sax.] an herb 
 called likewife tnallcws. 
 
 To HO'CKLE, V. A. to hamftring ; to 
 cut the finevvi near the ham or hock. See 
 Hock. 
 
 HO'CUS-POCUS, S. a juggle or che?.t. >A 
 cant word ufed by jugglers, praiTlinng dexte- 
 rity of hjnd. 
 
 -HOD, ^. [hod. Sax.] a kind of trough in 
 which labourers carry mortar on their heads 
 or fiiouldf'TS to bricklayers or m.-.fons. 
 
 HO'DRIAN, S. a labourer, or one that 
 carries mortar in a hod. 
 
 HO'DGE-PODGE, S. [of icr^f'/o.-A/. Fr.] 
 a medley, or odd mixture of ingrtJients hud- 
 dled cr boiled together, 
 
 HOE, S. [ha'f, Fr. h^u-ive, Belg.] an in- 
 ftrument ufed in cutting or fcraping up the 
 earth. 
 
 To HOE, V A. to cutearih with a hoe ; 
 to weed with a hoe ; to fcrape earth over the 
 roots of plants by meinsof a hoe. 
 
 HOG, S. a ge.neral name for a faine, pe- 
 culiarly applied to acafhated boar. Figura- 
 tively, a brutllli, felfidi, or greedy perfon. lo 
 hrhigom's hcg! :oa f'ir trarket, i.iiplii.s to be 
 difappointed, or to take a great deal of pains 
 for nothing. 
 
 HO'G-COTE, S. f from keg and cot. Sax.] 
 a houfe for hogs ; a hog fty. " Out of a 
 *' {m7s\\ho^-cote." AJortlmcr. 
 
 HO'GHERD, S one th^t keeps hogs. 
 
 HO'GGISH, Adj. having the qualities of 
 a hog; brutilh ; greedy: fclfifn. 
 
 HOGGISHNESS, S. the quality in which 
 a perfon refcmbles a hogj fclfifhnefs ; grce- 
 dinefs or brutifhnefs. 
 
 HO'GSFKNNEL, S. a plant. 
 
 HO'GSHEAD, S. [from ockfrcod^orogfkood, 
 Pelg.] a mcafure of liquids containing fixty- 
 three gallons ; a vefTcl or co/k containing fix- 
 ty-three gallons ; any large cafk. 
 
 HO'GSTY, S. the place in which fwine are 
 confined. 
 
 H O L 
 
 HO'GWASH, S, the drafT or Uquor given 
 to fwine. 
 
 KOI'DEN, S. {hoedcn, Brit.] a romping, 
 awkward, ignorant^ and wanton girl. 
 
 To HO' I DEN, V. N. to romp indecently i 
 to beha^'C with levity and wsntonnefs. 
 
 To HO'ISE, or HO'IST, V. A. {haujfcr^ 
 Fr.J to lift or raife on high. 
 
 To HOLD, V. A. [prefer, JmU, part palf. 
 held, or ho/den ; from kaldan, Goth.] Figura- 
 tively, to maintain, fupport, or flick to an o- 
 pinion ; to poHefs or enjoy. To ftop, reftrain, 
 or fufpend, aj.plied either to the tongue or 
 hand. To perfevere or continue in a defign ; 
 to folemnize or celebrate. " He held a feaft." 
 I Sam, XXV. 36. T o afTemble or colltCl toge- 
 ther. " The K\\ieen—-k(,lds her parliament." 
 ^hak. To continue in any ftate ; to retain. 
 To hold foith, in common and low difcourfe, 
 to preach or deHver a difcourfe in public. To 
 exhibit or prefen't to a pcrfon's view. To 
 fl retch foiih, or 'from the body, applied to 
 the arm, or any thing held in the hand. To 
 laft, endure, or remain unbroken. 
 
 HOLD, at the beginning of a fentence, 
 though it has the appearance of an interjec- 
 tion, is really nothing but the prefent tcnfe 
 of tlic iinperativc mood. 
 
 HOLD, S the s€i of ftlzing, or keeping 
 a thing fafl in the hand ; a fcizure or grafp; 
 fomething which may afford fupport, vshen 
 feized or held by the hand ; a catch ; or the 
 power of feizing or keeping ; a prifon ; or 
 place of cuftody. All that part that is between 
 the keelfon and the lower deck, applied to a 
 fliip A lurking-place j the lurking-place or 
 den of a wild beaft. 
 
 HO'LDF.R, S. one who keeps anything 
 in his hand bv fhutting it; a tenant, or one 
 who occupies lands or tenements of another 
 by leafe. 
 
 HO'LDER-FORT H, S. an hnranguer; one 
 who preaches or fpeaks in public : a word of 
 contempt. 
 
 KO'LO-FAST, S. anything by which a 
 door is faftened when put clofc ; a catch ; a 
 Iwok. 
 
 HO'LDING, S. a tenure; a farm. 
 
 HOLE, S. [hola, Ifl. hole, Sax.J a cavity 
 that is narrow and long ; a den ; a cavity 
 made with a borer ; a rent, or cut in a gar- 
 me;n. Figuratively, a mean dwelling, or 
 houfe ; a fuliterfuge ; a fliift. 
 
 HO'LILY, Adv. in a pious manner. 
 
 HO'LINESS, S. when applied to God, that 
 attril'Ute which reprefents him as dilliking and 
 detefling all wickcdncfs. Applied to men, an 
 abfolute abhorrence of all knds of fm, and a 
 conformity to the nature and will of God ; 
 the fiate of being hsllowed, confecrated, or 
 fan(flified ; the title aflumed by the pope. 
 
 HO LLA, Interj. [hola, Fr. or of halloo] 
 a word ufed in calling to a perfon at a diftance, 
 or out of fight. Ufed fubftantively by MHtoii. 
 " I hear— fome far off bvUa break. " 
 
 To
 
 H O L 
 
 ToHO'LLA, V. A. [JohnCin fays this 
 word is now vitioiifly wriiien hallo by the bell: 
 autliors ; and lomctimes halloo] to, cry out 
 with a loud voice. " In his ear I'll hallo 
 " Mortimer." Skak, " What halloing and 
 •' what Rir is this ?" Shak. 
 
 HO'LLAND, S. namely, South-Holland, 
 or finiply HoUard, it one of the feven United 
 Provinces of the Netherlands, but including 
 North-Holland, otherwife denn.ninated Welt 
 Frielland : both aie conmionly in the pub- 
 lic acts called in Latin Holtandia and r,'ejt 
 Vrifia. It has the Germ m ocean or North 
 fea to the W. the Zuyder see to tlie N. the 
 fame lea, the province of L'trechc, and part of 
 Gueklcrland, to the H and is bounded by 
 Dutch Brabant and Zealmd to the S. it lies 
 between lar. 51 deg. 40 min. and 53 deg. 10 
 min. N. and fiom long. 3 deg. 56 min. to 5 
 deg. 30. min. E. of London : its extent from 
 N. to S. including the ille ot Texel, being 
 upwards of 100 miles; but of iricgular 
 breadth, and liardly exceeding 30 where 
 broadcll. The foil is low ivta marfby, but 
 by the iiidulhy of its inhabitants, in draining 
 out the waters by means of their mills and ar- 
 tificial canals, the land is made to produce 
 very good pallurc, and fome corn j but ef- 
 pe(i.dl) tlie former, for the food of their vail 
 licrds of kine, from which they make great 
 cjuatities of butter and cheefe, a'mofi: the 
 only produce and (faple, or native co.mmo- 
 dities of their coun'ry. Holland has, how- 
 ever, the molt confiderabie foreign trade cf 
 any province in tlie world, ^o that in refi:.eft 
 to ilrcngth and wealth, it at kail eouals the 
 other fix United Provinces ; having in it, be- 
 fides many other trading places, the cities of 
 Amrterdam, Rotterdarn, tfc. 
 
 HOLLAND, S. a fine linnen, f» called 
 from its being made in Holland. 
 
 PIO'LLOW, Adj. [from hole] having the 
 infide or any part fcooped out ■, having a void 
 fpacc within, oppofed to joM. Noify, or 
 like a found made in fome cavity. Figura- 
 tively, hypocritical. 
 
 HO'LLOW, S. a cavity, or empty fpace ; 
 a concavity J a cavern, or den j a pit, paf- 
 iage, oremptv fpace in the inlide of a thine. 
 
 To HO'LLOW, V. A. to fcoop furrowl, 
 channels, or cavities in a thing ; to fhout or 
 make a loud noife. " Becaufe I do not hoot 
 " and kollozi}.''^ Addifon. " Comes kolLtuing 
 " from the liable." Pope. So written, by ne- 
 glect of etymology, inftead of holla, fjys 
 Johr,fr,„. ^te. Holla. 
 
 HO'LLOWLY, Adv. with empty fpaces 
 within ; with channels or vacuities. Figura- 
 tively, with infinccrity. 
 
 HO'LLOWNESS, S. cavity; the flate of 
 having empty fpaces ; want of fincerity j de- 
 ceit ; treachery. 
 
 HO'LLY, S. a plant, or tree, whofe leaves 
 are fet about the edges with long, ftjarp, (HfF, 
 jprickies, which bears fmall, round, and fome- 
 
 H O M 
 
 times red berries, and is green all the year 
 round. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, S. ("commonly (Hied 
 &olyoi:k, from holih'.c, SaK.J a plant named 
 likewife the rofe mallow : it is in every refpedt 
 larger than the common mallow, has rougher 
 leaves, and its flowers adhere c'ofcly to the 
 (talk. It flowers in July. 
 
 HOLME, S. in Botany, the //fx, or ever- 
 green oak. 
 
 HO'LOCAUST, S. [from 0X0^ zni y.c^iu,, 
 Gr.] a burnt ficrifice ; a facrificc which was 
 entirely confnnied by fire. 
 
 HO'LOGRAPH, S. j"cX»jjand;fa^a,, Gr.] 
 in the Scottilli law, applied to a deed writtea 
 entirely by the gr.mttr's hand. 
 
 HOLSTER, S. \LvlJlcr, Teut.J a cafe 
 for a horlLman's piftol. 
 
 HOLT, either at the beginning or end of 
 the name of a place, from bolt, Sax. a wood, 
 fignifies, that it is, or has been, a wood ; 
 fomctimcs indeed it may come from hoi, Sax. 
 hollow, efpecially when the name ends in tun 
 or dun. 
 
 HO'LY, Adj. Ihilig, Sax. hsyr.gb, Belg.] 
 performing every duty of religion, and ab- 
 ftainir^g entirely from fin ; fet apart, confe- 
 crated, or dedicated to divine ufes ; pure or 
 without fpot. 
 
 HO'LY GHOST, S. [from halig. Sax. 
 holy, and^i^y?. Sax. fpirit] the holy fpirit, or 
 fecond peifon in the adorable Trinity, whofe 
 peculiar office, as diOinguifiied from the Fa- 
 therand Son, is fan(flification andinfpiratron : 
 with refpecl to the manner of his exiilence, 
 he IS faid to proceed from the Father and the 
 Son, and with the Father and Son together is 
 worlhipped His divinity and his peculiar of- 
 fices are pLin!v<iefcribed in Scripture. 
 
 HO'LY-ROOD-DAY, S. [e^Ji on he thare 
 roc'e, Sax. the fenfl of the invention of the 
 crofs] a fellival obferved by tiie Roman Ca- 
 tholics, in co.Timemoration of the invention 
 of the crols, on the 5d of May, and, in me- 
 mory of its exaltation, on the 14th of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 HO'LY-WEEK, S. [ha'gan ivuca, or 
 tvucu. Sax.] the week before Eafter, fo called, 
 becdufe fet apart by the church in a peculiar 
 manner to offices of piety and devotion, as a 
 preparation for the enfuing fellival of Eafier, 
 or the refurre(ftion of Chrifl-. 
 
 HO'LYDAY, or HO'LIDAY, S, [of 
 kalgan. Sax and dag, Sax.] a day fet apart 
 by the church for commemoration of fome. 
 faint, or fome remarkable particular in the 
 life of Chrift j a day wherein people abflain 
 from work, and entertain themfelves with 
 fealts, fe^f. a day of gaiety and joy. 
 
 HO'MAGE, S. [hommage, Fr.] the re- 
 verence, refpeft, fubmilTIon, or fealty pro- 
 felii'd and perfwrmed to a fovereign or fiipe- 
 rior ; refptdt or fubmiffioD fhewn by any ex- 
 ternal adfion. 
 
 HOME,
 
 H O M 
 
 H O N 
 
 -NESS, y S. [from 
 ^ > ^ kcmogcne' 
 
 JSN'ESS, J O7{s,ovho- 
 
 HOMR, S. [ham, ha-m. Sax a pcrfon'si HOMOGE'NEALNESS, 
 own lioule.] ti;;urat!vely, the country in i HOMOGENEITY, 
 which a perfon lives, or the place oK his con- I HOMOGE'NEOUS."' 
 
 llant relidcnce. Ufcd in conipofition, for ?/-;/|-t».-,(2/j the quality of Laving the fame na- 
 any thing proJuceJ in our own country, o- ture or pinctpies. 
 made wifiiin a ptrfon's own houfe. | HOMOtjE'NIA, S. [of ofj»-ev:a, Gr ] 
 
 HOME, Adv. to the lioufe vvliTein a per- lik, ncfs ; or fmiencls of nature. 
 
 {on lives ; to one's cvn country ; fu'ly 
 clofely ; to tlie utrr.oll ; to the purpofe ; lo 
 the point dehontd Joined to a fiibdantive 
 it. implies lotcc, or efficacy " The howc 
 " thrud of a fil.-ndly fword." Dryri. 
 
 JityMEBORN, Adj. natural ; "domcdic ; 
 cr of one's own country. 
 
 liO'Mt::REI), Adj. native; natural; 
 bred in a perfoa'sown bread. Figuratively, 
 itidc 5 avtlefs ; uncultivated, or not poliihed 
 hv tr-ivi 1. 
 
 'HtyMEFELT, /Adj. internal ; felt with- 
 ia ; in«ard. 
 
 HO'MtlJLY, Adv. in a rude, rough, 
 or mean mann.r 
 
 HU'MELINESS, S. pUinnef'; ; rudcntf^ ; 
 cc^arftncfs. 
 
 H'J'MELY, Adj. plain; coarfe ; rude, 
 or not poliihed by the aflillance or informa- 
 twn of forcij^ntTs. 
 
 iiO'MELY, Adv. in a plain manner ; 
 cor. iitly. 
 
 HO'ME-M.'\DE, Adj. made in our own 
 country, oppofld to f^'e':gn. 
 
 HO'MER, S. I Hcl) ] a meafure among the 
 Ktbievvs, containing fix pints J Baylcy fays, 
 t\'.i.> l>i!fhcis. 
 
 HO'MESPUV, AJj. fpun or wrought in a 
 private houfe, not by protelled manufiiAurcs. 
 Made in one's own ciAintry, oppofed to fo- 
 re'igti. Figuratively, coarfe ; rude; wanting 
 perieiftion or elegance L'fed fubltantively, 
 iar a coarfe, rude, impolifhed, or ill-bred per- 
 lon. " Wliat h.-mpen hJufJpuni have \vc 
 *' fvvaggeriiig h^ie." ^iak. 
 
 HO'iVJ.EbTALL, or BO'MESTEAD, S 
 f from Zv?«, Sax andy?.;/. Sax.} a houfe, or 
 place where a houfe flood. •' Both houfe, 
 »•' and hitt^'-j! ea/i \nto iea5 are borne." ihyd. 
 
 HOMEWARD, or HO'MEWARDS, 
 Aij. towards home ; or towards the houfe 
 uhcrein a perfon conllantlv refides. 
 
 HO'MICIDE, S. [Fr.' homlidium, Lat. 
 mujfder. ] It is c'ivided into voluntary when 
 connmitied witli malice ; ox casual \\\\t\\ done 
 ty accident. 
 
 HOMICI'DAL, Adj. murderous; bloody. 
 HO'MILY, S. f/c/wAV, Fr. o-^iXa, Gr.J 
 a plain and popular difcourfe on f >me divine 
 fubjcft ; applied to tiiofe which -were compo 
 fed at thekeformation to be read in churches, 
 in order to fupply both the cafual neccfiary 
 defeat of f ;rmon.=. 
 
 HOMOGENEAL, or HOMOGENE 
 OUS, Adj [thesis pronounced loft, fiom 
 • xof and j/Ei ?, Gr.] having the fame natuie, 
 ®r priDcipiei, of the fan.c naiuie or kind. 
 
 110MO'i,()C;Ol. >, S. [/c».-%,r, Fr. o/^»f 
 and Xi;,o?, Gr having the fame proportion. 
 In E'lgic, applied to things \»hich agree in 
 name, but having a ditfcrcnt nature 
 
 HO.MO'NYMOUS, Adj [^.t,-, and ovoya, 
 Gr. ] fignifying fcveral things, appli-cd to 
 wo'ds which have fcverai fenfes. 
 
 HOMO'lONOUS. ^dj. (o/xo;, andrjvc;, 
 Gr. j having tlie fame found. 
 
 JHOMO'I 0.\ Y, i). [See Uomotcmu%\ fame- 
 ncfs of found. 
 
 ItONE, S. yiT/rn, han. Sax.] a fine fort of 
 wlietOone, of different colours, ufed for fit- 
 ting an edge on penknives and raiors. 
 
 To If'/NE, V N. \ 1-017, er /-ona. Sax.] to 
 pine or long for any thing. Seldom ufcd. 
 
 HO'NEST, Adj. [U,u^e,Fr Jjon,Jius,Lat ] 
 performing every ail of juOice, or fulfilling 
 every obligation and leldtion in which wc 
 ftand as members of fociety. 
 
 liO'XESTEY, Adv. confluent withjuflicej 
 coniilleiit with our duty. 
 
 HO'NESTY, S. goodnefs, which makes a 
 perlon prefer tiis proniife or duty to his paf- 
 fion, or intcrell. 
 
 HO'NIED, Adj. covered with honey. 
 Sweet, flatteiinr, or enticing, applied to words. 
 HCVNEY, .S. [buniy. Sax i a thick, vif- 
 vous iiuid fubftance, of a vvhitilh or ycllowifh 
 colour, fweet to the tafle, foluliic in water, 
 of a fragrdiit fmtU, fecretcd by certain glands 
 near the bottom of the petals of flowers, 
 fucked i>p by ■ the bee, in its probofcis or 
 trunk, fwa. lowed, and diicliarged agdn from 
 the (lomach through its mouth int)fomeof 
 the cells of its comb ; dellined for the food 
 of the young, but, in hard kafons, feet on 
 by the bee i felf. Figuratively, fwretnefs, 
 or fedijci:ig allurements, applied to words : 
 ufcd as a term of tendernefs and fondnefs. 
 '•' H','ey, you Ihall be well in Cyprus."' Sh^k. 
 To HO'NEY, V. N. to m.ke ufe of en- 
 dearing, fweet, or fond expreflJons. " Honry- 
 " ing and making love." Shak. 
 
 HO'NEYKAG, S. the flomnch of a bee, 
 wherein the honey is included as in a bag. 
 
 HO'NEVCOMB, S.' \ fcmg-ramh. Sax.] 
 the cell- of wax, in which a bee tlores its 
 honey. 
 
 HO'NEY'-DEW, S. fweet dew found 
 early in the morning on the leaves of divers 
 plants. 
 
 HO'NEY-FLOWER, S. in Botany, a 
 plant fo called from its flowers containing a 
 black lwe<;r liquor. 
 
 HO'NEY-GNAT, S. an inf a. 
 HO'N£Y-MOON, S. the firft month if- 
 
 ter
 
 H O O 
 
 ter marriage, fo called from the fondnefs and 
 tendernefs vvhich appears then between a mar- 
 ried coup'e. 
 
 HO'NEYSUCKLE, S. \tiun{^-fuck. Sax.] 
 in Botany, a plant, fo called from the fwcet- 
 ref<; of its odour ; it is Ikewife named the 
 ivooill>inc. 
 
 nO'NEYLESS, Adj. without honey, or 
 Tolihed of tlieir lioney, applied lo hecs. 
 
 HO'NORARY, Adj. done in order to 
 confer honour, or as a mark of efleem j con- 
 ferring honour, bnt rot gain. 
 
 HO'NOUR, S. [boneur, Fr. /:oncr,Lat.] 
 dignity, or high rank. A teflimony or to- 
 ken of refpcift and erteem, iifcd after do. The 
 title of a pcrion of rank ; a iubje<rt of praifc ; 
 glory ; a regard to tiie cenfure and elteem of 
 the world, Noblenefs or majefly, applied to 
 perfons. " Witli native honoiir el. id." Par. 
 Lojl. A place, office, or title, wliich attracts 
 eReem and rtfpecfl; ornament. " 1\\c!jo:;ours 
 " of his head" Diyil. 
 
 To HO'NOUR,' V. A. to efteem or re- 
 fpi(fl ; to entertain an inward eOeem and re 
 verence for any perfon fuperior to ns in any 
 relation, and to ihew it by outward figns and 
 a£tions. 
 
 IIO'NOURABLE, Adj. [loirrciik, Fr.] 
 worthy of refpcdt or reverence ; great, or fuit- 
 able to a perfon's dignity ; generous ; con- 
 ferring or attracting refpe(fl and reverence ; 
 without taint or reproach; hone/f ; ei^uittible. 
 
 HO'NOURABLENESS, S. liiglmefs of 
 port or dignity, which attraifts reverence and 
 refpeft ; gcnerofity. 
 
 HO'NOURABLY, Adv. with tokens of 
 honour ; in fiich a manner as to add dignity 
 to a perfon's chMracler ; generoully. ' 
 
 HO'NOURER, S. one that entertains re- 
 fpecl and eft eem for another in his niind, and 
 fhevvs it in his aftions. 
 
 HOOD, S. [from laJ, Sax.] denotes con- 
 dition, quality, ftate or characfter, as in cLi/d- 
 hood. Jt is fometimes taken coUeclively ; and 
 then fignifics levera! united together, asjijier- 
 lood, i.e. a company of filters : brotberhood, 
 a fraternity, of feveral of the fame profefTion 
 incorp'^rated. 
 
 HOOD, S. [hod, Sax. from ha^d. Id. the 
 head, hosd, Belg. but, Dan.j an upper co- 
 vering worn by a woman over her cap j any 
 thing drawn upon, tiie head, and covering it ; 
 a kind ot ornanient worn by a graduate of any 
 univerfity to fiiew his degree. 
 
 HO'ODMAN's-BLIND, S. a play i 
 which the perfon hooded is to catch another, 
 and tell his name before the bandage is to be 
 removed from his eyes, now called Llwdmans 
 huff. " Cozened you at boodman's- lliud." 
 
 To HO'ODWINK, V. A. to hinder a 
 perfon from feeing, by binding fomething 
 over his eves. 
 
 hoof; S. [Icf, Sax.] the hard, horny 
 
 HOP 
 
 fubflance which covers the feet of horfo, 
 and other animals that feed on grafs, 
 
 HO'OFED, Adj. having a hoof. 
 
 HO'OFBOUND, Adj. applied to a horre, 
 when his hoof flninks in at the top and at 
 he heel, and the ikin by that means ftaits 
 above, and grows over the hoof. 
 
 HOOK, S. [bcoc. Sax. and Span.] any 
 liing bent io as to catch hold. " A fbcp- 
 ' herd's look ; a pot booL" A wire crooked, 
 and barbed at the point, ufed in filhing ; a 
 fnare or trap. " Behdes that book of wiving." 
 Sbak. Any bending inflrumcnt to cut or lop 
 with. " A reaping itocX'." " Like flalhing 
 " Eentley v\ith his dcipcr.ite />05/C'." Fope. 
 That part of a hinge which is fixed to the 
 poftsof a door; hmce of tbe books, implies 
 a llatc of diforder or coufufion. By teak or 
 crook, a phrafe, fignifying one way or an- 
 other ; by any means, wlicther dirciH. or in- 
 direct 
 
 To HOOK, V. A. in fidiing, to catcTi 
 with a hook. Figuratively, to entrap or eu- 
 fnare ; to draw, or fallen, as with a hook. 
 
 HO'OKED, Adj. bent; crooked. 
 
 HO'OKEDNESS, S. the ftate of being 
 bent like a hook. 
 
 HO'OK-NOSED, Adj. having a crooked 
 aquiline nofe, 
 
 iiOOP, S. [hop. Sax. hoep, Belg.] any 
 thing bent in a circular manner in order to 
 bind or keep tight that which it furrounds, 
 particularly caiks or banels ; feveral circlcjcf 
 whalebone worn by a woman to extend their 
 petticoats j any thing circular. 
 
 1 o HOOP, V. A. xo put hoops on a caJk, 
 or other vefrel. Figuratively, to clafp, -en- 
 ciicle, or iurround. " Ihou Ihalt hoop this 
 " body with thy embraces." Shah. 
 
 To HOOP, V.N. \of luopgan, ovivep- 
 yan, Goth, or hooper, Fr.J to Ihout or make 
 a noi'e by way ot call or puifuit ; to call to 
 by a Ihout. 
 
 HO'OPER, S. a cooper ; or one that puts 
 hoops on veffeis. 
 
 HO'OPING-COUGH, S. a conviilfiv* 
 ki<.d of cough, fo called from the iioife with 
 which it is attended. 
 
 To HOOT , y. N. [hivt, Brit, huer, Fr.] 
 to make a noife in contempt ; to cry like an 
 owl. " The clani'rous owl that nightly 
 " hoots " Sbak. 
 
 HOOT, S. [htut, Brit, hue, Fr.] a cU- 
 mour, Ihout, or noife made at a perfon ia 
 contempt } the noife made by an owl. 
 
 To HOP, V. N. [boppan. Sax.] to jump 
 or /kip lightly ; to move by leaps on one leg. 
 Figuratively, to hop or walk lamely, by lay- 
 ing all our ftrefs on one leg. 
 
 HOP, S a leap made with one leg ; a 
 light or fmall jump, generally applied to the 
 motion of birds on the ground, or the man- 
 ner in which they move from one branch of 
 a tree to another, without extending their 
 
 legs.
 
 H O R 
 
 lejjs. In Batony, a plant, whofe floxer is 
 "Kfed as a bitter in brewing, to keep ihe l)tci 
 from turning four. 
 
 To HOP, V. A. to impregnate witli hops; 
 to make bitter with bops j to leap with one 
 
 HOPF, S.[/.-f:ta, Srfx."! th:!tp!cafiire which 
 zrife in the mind on the thouf;ht of the en 
 joymeot of for-c future good ; an CNpedation 
 of fome future r,'"'od. 
 
 To HOPE, 'v. N. to cxp^jcl a future 
 good. 
 
 HO'PEFUL, Adj. full of qualities which 
 produce hope; promifmg ; full ofliopcor 
 cxpedtatiort of fiicc^fs. " If iotcful of ijcim 
 " aid." Popt. T he laft fenfe, though ibiftly 
 analogicnl, is fcldom ufcd. 
 
 HO'PP.FULLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to raife hope, or encourage an expectation 
 of fonne future (:ocd. 
 
 HO'PE.^L'i.NE:- S, S. the quality which 
 encourages or occaiions a pk-Mfing exptc\ition 
 cf fucccfs, or fome future jjooii. 
 
 HO'PitLKSS, >\dj. witho\ir any expcfta- 
 tion of future gocd. Figuratively, defperate- 
 ly al)andoned. 
 
 HO'PER, S. one thrt has pleafing expec- 
 tations of fome futiue good. 
 
 HO'PINGLY, Adv. with hope or con- 
 fidence that noti.ii.g of evil will happen. 
 
 iiO'PPER, S. one who leaps or jumps on 
 one leg, 
 
 HO'PPER, S. the box or open fiamc of 
 wood in a mill, into which the corn is put to 
 be ground. 
 
 HO'RARY, Adj. \hcraii-e, Fr. ho-ai-'nis, 
 Lat. oi hora, Lat. an hour) relatii:g, point- 
 ing to, or containing an hour. Tl>e i>cr,:-v 
 circle on globes, is the brafs circle at the 
 jioKth pole, on which the hours arc matlced, 
 as on a clock. 
 
 HORDE, S. fi'wrj, !,loyJe., Sax.] a flock, 
 company, or regiment ; a clan, or company 
 of people generally changing their (ituation. 
 
 HOHl'SOM, S. [ipi^ajjCr.] thelinewhich 
 terminates or bounds the fight. The fcufdlf 
 horizon is the circular line which limits the 
 Tiew : the rea/ is that v\hich divides the globe 
 into two equal parts. On the globes i his is 
 generjlly the upper part of the frame on 
 ■which tbe globe rcrts. 
 
 HORIZONTAL, Adj. near the ground 
 orhorizon. Parallel to tlielio; izon; on a hvcl. 
 
 HOPIZO'NTALLY, Adv. in a diicclion 
 parnllc' to the horizon ; on a level,' or in a 
 lincequ.lly diftant in all its parts from the 
 grounrf, fuppofing the ground to be level. 
 
 HORN, S Ibaurti, Goth. /Mil, Sax.] a 
 h.itd, pointed, rj d callou? Ail.fhince, which 
 grows on the heads of fome animals. Figu- 
 ratively, an infhiiment of wind mudc, form- 
 ed of the horn of fome animal ; the exticmi- 
 ties of the waxing or wrin'iiig moon, fo called, 
 becaufe reprefcnting the horns of a cow, or 
 
 H O R 
 
 from l.yrn Sax a point. The feelers of a 
 fnail, or thofe long fubfl.inces on the head of 
 a fnail, which it draws in or pufhes out at 
 pleafure, imagined to be its feelers ; but by 
 modern naturalifts found to be a kind of 
 tekfcopps, having the eyes at their extremi- 
 ties : hence the phrafe to draiv in one's torns, 
 for being terrified, or having one's courage 
 dunped at the profped of danger. The hiero- 
 glyphic for a cuckold, ufed figuratively for 
 cuekeldom ; whence horn jfiad implle':, a.s 
 mad as a perfon who difcovers that he is 
 cuckolded. In Scripture, kom is ufed for 
 power, pride, or empire. 
 
 HO'RN-BEAM, S. a tree with leaves like 
 ihc elm or beech. 
 
 HO'RNBOOK, S. a leave with the alt^ha- 
 bet and Lord's prayer printed on it, ftuck on 
 a piece of board, and covered over with horn 
 to keep it from foiling, ufed for teaching 
 children their letters. 
 
 KO'RNED, Adj. having, or appearing ss 
 having, horns. 
 
 HO'RNER, S. one that manufaflures and 
 fells horns. 
 
 HO'RKET, S. [hyrnet. Sax.] a large, 
 ftroni;, dinging fly, whofe bod^ is long, re- 
 fcmhling a thread, and of a bluiflr colour j it 
 makes its neft in hollow trees which confifts 
 of wood, for which purpofe, like the wafps, 
 they are furnifhcd with Arong toothed jaws. 
 
 HORN-FOOT, Adj. hoofed. " koyn- 
 " foot iMrfes." Hakeiu. 
 
 HORN-OWL, S. an owl, fo called from 
 its having horns. 
 
 HO'RNPIPR, S. a jig, fo called becaufe 
 formerly danced to an horn. 
 
 ilO'RN-WORK, S. in Fortification an 
 out work ; advancing towards the field, coii- 
 fifHng of two demi-baftions, joined to a 
 curtin. 
 
 HO'RNY, Adj. made of, or refembling 
 horn ; hard as horn, or callous. 
 
 HORO'GR APHY, S. [hcrcgraphk, Fr. of 
 a-fa, and j-j.-.isb, Gr.] an account of the 
 hours. 
 
 HO'RJLOGE, or HO'ROLOGV, S. 
 \}:olo'?-e, Fr. horolo^iuni , Lat. of a-f* an hour, 
 ■ini\iyii, Gr. to tellj an indrument that 
 tells the hour. " He'll watch the horologe a 
 •* double fet." Shak. 
 
 HORO'METRY, S, [horometrie, Fr.of 
 o^a, and /wfTf"'. Gx-'] the art of meafuring 
 the hours. '' The horoinet^y of antiquity." 
 Brczun. 
 
 HO'ROSCOPE, S [Fr of i;5;»,and «■« «»;, 
 Gr.l In f. fliology, the configuration of the 
 planets at the hour of a perfon's birth. 
 
 HO'RRIBLE, Adj. [Fr. oi' horriti/is, Lat.] 
 occafion'ng horror ; hideous; odious. ■ 
 
 HO'RRIBLENESS, S that quality in a 
 perfon or thing which affects with horror, or 
 a ftrong apprehenfion of in ftant danger, &c. 
 a deep impreflion of odioufnefs. 
 
 HORRIBLY,
 
 H O R 
 
 HO^RRIBLY, Adv. in fucli a manner as 
 to raife tear and horror. 
 
 HO'RRID', Adj. [hon-Uus, Lat.] hideous, 
 ftiocking. 
 
 HORRIDNESS, S. that qw.iVny which 
 renders a thing extremely odious, fhocking, 
 or drcaduil. 
 
 HORRIFIC, Adj. [icnlfirtti, Lat.] cauf- 
 jng horror. •' His jaws borrific," Thomjov. 
 
 HO'RROR, S. [horteur, Fr. hovro,-, Lat ] 
 a pafTion excited by an object which caufes 
 both a high degree of fear and dereflation. 
 Figuratively, a gloom, or drearinefs which 
 affeds with horror. " Breathes a browner 
 " horror on the woods." I'ope._ 
 
 HORSE, S. I formerly fpelt kt)r%\ of hon, 
 Sax. J a domedic bead, ufed in war, draught, 
 and carriage. HcrJ'e, in War, the cavalry, 
 or thofe foidiers in an army that fight on 
 horfeback. In Manifadtories, any thing ufed 
 as a fupport : hence a hcrfe to dry linen on. 
 Among mariners, a rope faflened to the arms 
 of each yard, to fupport the men when hand- 
 'ing or reeving the i'ails. 
 
 To KOR^K, V. A. [horfan. Sax.] to 
 mount upon a !o5 le ; to carry a pcrfon.'or 
 to place a perfon on one's back ; to ftt aftride 
 Hpon a thing. " Leads filled, and ridges 
 " horfed." ^Sh^k. To cover a mare. 
 " horj'e more marcs." Mortimer. I 
 
 HO'RSEBACK, S. the back of a iiorfe j 1 
 the date of being mounted on a horfe. 
 
 HO'RSERLOCK, S. a block made ufe o! 
 to aflifi: a perfon in mounting a horfe. 
 
 HO'RSEBOAT, S. a Lrge boat ufed ai 
 ferries, to carry horfes over the water. 
 
 HO'RSEBOY, S. a grooxn, or boy em- 
 ployed in di;£lTing horfes ; a dable boy. 
 
 HOR'SE-BREAKER, S. one who tames 
 horfes, and fits ihem cither for riding or 
 drawing. 
 
 HOR'SE-COURSER, S. one that runs, 
 or keeps running-horfes ; a dealer in huries 
 HOR'SE-EMIviET, S. a large kind of ant 
 or emmet. 
 
 HOR'SE- FLESH, S. the fle^ of hoifes. 
 One JkjUed in horje-f.ejh ,_^ is a low phrafc for a 
 perfon fkiiled in buymg horfes. 
 
 HOR'SE-FLY, S. a fly ramarkable for 
 flinging horfts. 
 
 HOR'SE LAUGH, S. aloud, violent,and 
 fcmetimes rlfccfed laugh. 
 
 HOR'SE-LEECK,"s. a great leech, which 
 ufually f.idens to horles when watering ; a 
 farrier, or liorfc doftor, from Lorje and !ach, 
 Sax. wliich fignifies both a leech and a perfon 
 who cures diforders. 
 
 HOR'SE-LfTTER, S. a carriage hung 
 upon poles between tw<i horfes, in which the 
 perfon lies at full length. 
 
 HOR'SEMAN, S. a rider, or one mount- 
 ed on horfeback; one JKilled in riding; one 
 that fights on horfiback, apj lied to an army 
 HOR'SEMAN.SHIf, S. the art of ridhig 
 bicaking, or managing a horfe. 
 
 H O S 
 
 HOR'SE-MATCH, S. a race, wherein 
 tv\o or rn<jre horfes contend for fuperiority 
 in fuiftnefs.' 
 
 KOR'SE-MEAT, S. provender, or food 
 fir ior horfes. 
 
 HOR'SE MINT, S. a large coarfe kind of 
 mint. 
 
 HOR'SE^-PLAY, S coarfe, rough, or vb- 
 lent play " Too much given to horje-play." 
 Dryd. 
 
 noR'SE-RACF, S. a conteft between 
 horfes for a prize. 
 
 HOR'SERADIsn, S. a root of a drong 
 poignant tafle, ufed in cookery for a kind of 
 faucc, and edeemed in medicine very diuretic 
 It is reckoned a fpecies of fcurvy-grafs by bo- 
 tanlc.ii vvnrers. 
 
 HOR'SESHOE, S. a plate of iron nailed 
 under the hoof of a horfe. In Botany, aa 
 herb, 
 
 HOR'SEWAY, S. a broad way or road by 
 which horfes may travel. 
 
 HOR'TATIVE, Adj. [bortatus, of hortor, 
 Lat. J an argument by v.hicli a perfon en- 
 deavours to excite another to pradtife an? 
 thing. 
 
 - HOR'TATORY, Adj. [from hcrtor, Lat.] 
 encouraging, animating, or advifing to per- 
 ' To I form a thing. 
 
 I HOR'TLiLAN, Adj. \hcrtu!am!s, Lat.] 
 belonging to a garden. " My hortulan ka- 
 '• lender." E-velyn. 
 
 HOS.A'NNA, S. [Hcb. favc us now, or 
 f.ve we befeech.thcej a form of bleffing or 
 uilMng a perfon well, ufed by the Jews, 
 'Fiius at ourSaviour'se'n trance into Jerufalem, 
 when the people cried out, " H-jfanim, to' the 
 •' fon of David !" their meaning was, Lord' 
 preferve this fon of David, this king j heap 
 favours and bleffings upon him'. 
 
 HOSE, S. [plural h'.jin, from hoja. Sax, 
 hof..n, Brit. h.JJhn, Erf.j a docking, or co- 
 vering woin on the legs. " Will die thy 
 " linen waOi, or hojen darn. Gaitb. For- 
 merly ufed for breeches, " An Englifh tay- 
 " lor for dealing out of a French hojc" Shak, 
 HO'SIER, S. one who fells dockings, 
 HO'SITFABLE, Adj. [kojpirabUit, Lat.] 
 giving entertainment to lirangers j kind and 
 affable ro (Irangers. 
 
 HO'>.PIl ABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to dirw kindnefs, and give entcrtaimncnt, 
 to drangers. 
 
 KO'SPITAL, S. \hr,\yital, Fr. of hofpi- 
 ttiUs, Lat.] a place built tor the reception of 
 thi firk, or the fupport of the poor. 
 
 HO'.SPI r.'V'LrrY, S. [kojfitalite, Fr.] the 
 virtue exercifed in the entertainment of 
 dr.mgers. 
 
 KO'SPITALLER, S. [Luyrallicr, Fr.] 
 one refiding in an hufpital to receive either 
 the poor or di angers; a poor perlon living 
 in, or I'upported a', an hofpital. 
 
 HOS T, S. [kotc, Fr.J a perfon who keeps 
 an inn ; au ara y, from boj'^is, Lat, an encniy ; 
 
 any
 
 M O T 
 
 HOT 
 
 anV g^'^^f JiumLcT or multitude. " An Lojl 
 of topioues.'* Si.itk. The fuciificcof the nufs, 
 or the confecrated wafer, in the Pomifh 
 church, f'rome hoftc, Fr. hojiij, Lat. a lacri- 
 fice, or victim offered up in facrificc. 
 
 To HOST, V. N. to put up at an inn ; 
 ro go to a public hoiifc tor entertainment 
 " The Centaur, v\h(.rt we /fic-y?." ^bak. To 
 engafje or encounter in battle. " In fieice 
 ** Icjllrgs meet." Par. Loj}. 
 
 IIO'STAGE, S. [cjlage,l'r. loflag^.a, Ital j 
 a perfbn given up as a pledge for the Acurity 
 of the performance of certain conditions. 
 
 HO'STEL, or HO'STELRY, {hold, ho- 
 tder'id, Fr.] an inn. or houfe, where a perfon 
 may meet wifh entertainment or lodging. 
 
 HO'STESS, S. [hojiejje, Fr.] a woman 
 uho keeps a public lioufc or inn. 
 
 HO'STIVE, Adj. [hoftUis, Lat.] like an 
 enemy ; adverfe ; oppofite. 
 
 KOSTl'LITY, S, [bopHie, Fr.] the prac- 
 tice of an open enemy ; open war j violent 
 and vehement oppofition. 
 
 HOSTLER, S. ©ne who has the care of 
 horfes at an inn. 
 
 HO'STRY, S, the ftable or place where 
 horfes are kept at an inn. 
 
 HOT, Adj. [bat. Sax, and Scot.] having 
 the power to excite a fenfation of heat ; made 
 ■warm by fire. Figuratively, hiftful, or ve- 
 hemently lewd J flrongly affciled with any 
 fenfibie quality, in alhifion to hounds. " Hot 
 •' fcent of gain." Diyd. Violent ; furifius; 
 ardent ; vehement, applied to acftion. Preci- 
 pitate, or furioiifly thoughtlefs ; highly i'ea- 
 foncd, or affefting the palate very flrongly. 
 
 HOT-BED, S. in Gardening, a bed made 
 ■warm for producing of plants, which would 
 not tlirive without that contrivance. 
 
 HO'T-BRAINED, Adj. furious; vche- 
 me?ir ; paflionate. 
 
 HO'T-HEADED, Adj. vehchient or vio- 
 lent in paffion \ foon provoked. 
 
 HOT-HOUSE, S. a bagnio, or place to 
 fwe-at or cup in. " She profelfes a hoi-houjty 
 Sbjk. A brothel or bawdy-houfc ; a houfe 
 in which are hot-beds to bring vegetables, 
 (S'l. to perfeiflion all the year round. 
 
 HO'TLY, Adv. with heat; with violence 
 or vehemence ; with lewdnefs, lull, or lafci- 
 vioufnefs. " Birds that Lctly bill and breed." 
 Drxri. 
 
 HO'T-MOUTHFD, Adj.headftrong; un- 
 g'.'vernable. " Th:it hot-i' outbid bealt that 
 *' bears againfl the ci;rb." Diyd. 
 
 HOTNESS, S. that quality or ftate which 
 excites a llnfation of htat t violence or vehe- 
 picnce. Fijiurativelv, wantonntfs or hi!l. 
 
 HO'TCH-POTCH, S. See Ilod^e-Podfe. 
 
 HO'TSPIR, a perfon of violent pafTioiis; 
 cafily provoked, obftin.ite and ungoveinable. 
 " A li.dr-brained bot'fur." ^hak. In Botany, 
 ■a. pea of fpeedy growth. 
 
 HCTSPL'RRED, Adj. vthenitnt j of vi- 
 
 olent paflions ; rafh; I'-ngovernable. " That 
 " botifurred Haipalice in Virgil." Peacb. 
 
 }K>'TTENTOTS, S. country of the, a 
 fub-div'ifion of CLiffrcrii.and rhcmoit fouthern 
 Lnd of all Africa, compreliending the Cape of 
 Good Hope and the other Dutcn fettlements 
 there. It is bounded on the N. W. by part 
 of the river Bravaghnl 5 on theN. it extends 
 to the tropic of Capricorn ; on the N. E the 
 river of the Holy Gholt parts it from the 
 empire of Monomotapa. Jt has the eaftern 
 ocean on theE. and S. and the Ethiopia oce-' 
 HQ on the W. lying between lat. 35 and 35 
 deg. S. and between long 15 and 35 deg. E. 
 The appellation of Hottentot is not a nick- 
 name, but an original ar.d national name, by 
 wl ich they have alway.s diliinguilhed thcm- 
 fclves. 'I hofe are a dilTcrent fort of people 
 from the ( afres : they indeed refemble one 
 another in their woolly h::!r, large lips, and 
 fi It nofes : the latter circumftance is artificial; 
 for as foon as a Hottentot woman is delivered 
 of a child, fhe breaks doun the bridge of its 
 nofe with one of her thumbs. Pefides the 
 Cafres are black and Ihiiiing; wliereas the 
 Hf)ttentots aie of a dingy olive colour. They 
 alfo differ in their ways of living. Of the 
 j Hottentots there are about tweniy different 
 I nations. Their country, though mountainous^ 
 lis very fertile, being piincipally cultivated by 
 jtlit Dutch, and its prodi.ciioiis very plen'iful, 
 jdiid in the grcateft pertecftion, particularly at 
 the Cape ; by toncliing at which harbour, a. 
 I kind of half-way houlc in outward and h'lme- 
 I ward bound voyages to and from the Eafl In- 
 jdies, the lives of many thou ands, almoft 
 rotten with the fcurvy, are fa ved, by means 
 of the freOi provifions, efpccially vegetables, 
 to be caliiy procured hcie. The natives live 
 chiefly upon grazing of cattle, liunting, and 
 filhing. The Dutch allow them their own 
 law s and cwftoms ; but oblige them to furniOi 
 their fettlements with cattle, and aflifl them 
 in their hulbandry, &c. for w hich labour they 
 receive in return provifions, brandy, tobacco, 
 &*(-. The men are of a moderate (tature, the 
 wrimen fmall and black, refcmbling the ne- 
 groes, but not naturally of fo black a com- 
 plexion, which they take a great deal of pains 
 to heighten by a n.ixtiMe of greafe and foot. 
 Before tlie Dutch had introduced Ihong li- 
 quors amoi^g thv-m, of whic!) they are now 
 very fond, they drank only milk and water, 
 or butter-milk. 1 he Hottentots are not {o 
 flupid ;ind inhum.an as they have been reprc- 
 fcntcd. They learn the Dutch, French, and 
 Portuguefe tongues, fo as to exprefsthemfelves 
 in ihem. In agiiculture, though they prac- 
 tife none for thcmfelves, they excel all the 
 Europeans reliJing among them : and in ma- 
 ny other aits they difcovcr good marks of 
 capacity, could they be perfuadcd to make a 
 right ufe oi it. Tlicy make excellent fcr- 
 ! vants, and rcrh4ps the mod fdilhful in the 
 j world.
 
 HOT 
 
 worlu, not dimini(h:n<4 the leafl article com- 
 niiticd to thtir truit 5 but then they arc the 
 iaziert wretclis under the lun, placing their 
 uliole eanhly h^ppinef- in llotli. They can 
 think, and to purpofe too, it'they pleaf.-; hut 
 they hate the trouble of it. If a Hottentot is 
 not rouzed by any prednt appetite or necef 
 fity, he is as de;if to emp oyment as a log : 
 Lut v\hen either urges Jiim, tie is all atflivity ; 
 ;.fter whieh he retires to enjoy again his be- 
 luvtd idlentfi. It is to this general Lziiiefs 
 oftl)e Hottentots we mi.d aCcrihe that part of 
 their characfler, that in the matter of diet tliey 
 arc tliefiltliicft people in the world, but not 
 fo ravenous and unclr;inly as they are gene 
 rctlly rcprelcntedj though, after all, they 
 make an European ab'ior viduals. By their 
 jn^ir.ncr of di-efllng tlieir food th< y iccm to 
 futfrr nothing, either in liedith or length of 
 diiys, moll of them living to a great age, 
 efpecially where intemperance does not Ihor- 
 ten their lives What ni^kes them (Hll a na- 
 flier generatio.'i, is, the cufloin of well be- 
 fmcarujg their bodies and apparel, which is 
 only a Ikin over tluir flu nlders, uilli butter or 
 fliecp's fat mixed with foot, and that p.dnt is 
 of greater or lefs fweetncfs according to the 
 ability of the peifon ii!;ng it: and is fonic- 
 tinies fo rank, that it may be fmelt at u con- 
 fiderable diltan'ce. 'J he face and fore part of 
 the neck of a Kottentct man are always un- 
 covered. About his neck Iianos a litile grta- 
 fy bag, in which he curries his knife, pipe, 
 oc. 'i heir cloacks, orkiofics, astiuycall 
 them, cover the iiunks of their bodies i and 
 are worn open or tlofe, accoding to the fea- 
 fon. They lie upon ihenj at night, and when 
 tliey die are lied up and intered in them. 
 'J hey gtnerdlly wear three rings of ivory up- 
 on their left arms ; and thefe they finilh with 
 cx<;;i!lite art, fcrving as giMrds when cgaged 
 witi-. an enemy 'Ihe v\oman general! y wear 
 tAo kioUcS i a leller under a greater, and alfo 
 open like thofc of the men. And hot!) iexes 
 huvc a modefiy piece tacked to their mantles. 
 (TJrls, from their infancy, till about tweive 
 years of age, wear bulrulhcs tied in lings 
 about their legs, from their knees down to 
 their ancles ; and then thefe are changed for 
 rings made of narrow (lips of (htcp or calf- 
 ftln ; and thefe arc w(jrn to guard their legs 
 tiom thcns and briars, as they go every day 
 ir.to the fields to gath.cr loct.i and other thiiigs 
 for food : in the next jil.cc they are one great 
 di(tin(nion of ihc /ex, and leckoncd very or- 
 namental ; and Idltly, they aie provifions a- 
 gaiiilt an hcur of hunger ..nd fcaicity; which 
 thty iiruile letuexn two (loncs, and then de- 
 vour with a gix-rit deal of fatisfadion '1 hey 
 are kept from fulling upon the ivoman's heel.% 
 by large wrappers of rulhes or leather about 
 their ankles.. Beth fcxes among the Hotten- 
 tots are very fond of any ornumcnt for the 
 head, as brafs buttons, thin pLtcs of that 
 Hictal, bits of look ing-gkifs, <!>-i-. Thev aifu 
 
 H O U 
 
 wear ear-rings and beadsof brar>orglars; tile 
 litter in their necklaces, brace 'et.s.xV.id oirdles. 
 The men diltingnifb themielves by the blad- 
 ders of the wild beafls they have killed, blovv- 
 ingthcm up, and faifeniag them to their hair j 
 nnd thefe they ever after v\ear as trophies 01 
 their atchievcments. 
 
 HOVE, the prcier of hta-ve. 
 
 IIO'VEL, S. a Ihcd open at the fides, co- 
 vered over head j a mean, low habitation or 
 cottage. 
 
 '] o H O'VEL, V. A. to ihejter in, or repair 
 to an liovcl. " To bmiel thee with fviirc '" 
 • ^kak. 
 
 To HO'VER, V, A. {hcvh Brit ] to han^ 
 in the air over a pcrfon's head, without flyina 
 off one way or another ; to wander about one 
 place " So warlike a prinee i'!,i\r/r<r 0:1 the 
 ■' borders of our confederates." Ad::if. 
 
 HOUGH, S. \b'g, Sax.j the loutr'pavt of 
 the thigh cf a beail. An adz or hoc. Sec 
 H.c. 
 
 To HOUCH, V. A. to hamfhing ; todil- 
 ableor hinder from running,- by cutting the 
 linevv or tendon of the ham. ''' He ha.^hed 
 " thi-ir horfcs." Jojh xi. 9. In Gardening, 
 to cut or fcrape up earth with au !ioe Tiiis 
 is an unufual manner of fpcUing, and fhoukl 
 not be imitated. 
 
 HOU'LET, S. [hukttc, IcuLnr, Fr.J a 
 young owl. 
 
 HOUND, S. [h,nd. Sax. Dan. Teut. anJ 
 Scot.] a dog ufcd in hunting 
 
 'I o H' 'UND, V. A. to ict on, or letlcofc 
 to the chaee. " He who only lets loofe a 
 " greyhound out of the fiip, is faid to Lcr.-d 
 " him at the haie." firabm. To h.unt or 
 purfue. " If the wolves had been bcvndzd 
 " ''Y 'y,"'^''''-" L'Ef^raiige. 
 
 IjOUP, S.\i'p!/pa, Lat Jthelapwingorpuet. 
 
 HOUR, S \hcnre, Fr. Lcra, Lat. apa, 
 Cir.] the twenty fourth part of a natural day, 
 or a fpace of time confiding of lixty minute' ; 
 the time marked by a clock ; any particular 
 time ; a proj)er feafon for the perfbi manceof 
 any thing. " Mine ioar is not yet conae." 
 ychn ii . 4 . 
 
 HOU'R-GLASS, S. an inftiument to mei- 
 fuic time uith, by means of (and running 
 through a fmali aperture out of one glaf'^ into 
 another; any fpace of time. " Within the 
 " Zt.v/--t;/j,'i of two months." Ba,<,>:. Tiie 
 l„il fe'i.r> is obsolete. See Cl.ifs. 
 
 HOURLY, Adj. and Adv. happening or 
 repe.tcd every hour ; fre4uent 
 
 HOU'R-PLATE, .S. the pk.te on which 
 the figures of the hours are painted anildcfcrt- 
 bcd, whether for a clock or dial. 
 
 HOUSE, S. (/;,-.', Sa.x. and Goth. J a build- 
 ing wherein a peifon or h.uman cre;i!ure dwells, 
 ti^juralively, any place of abooe. " I he bees 
 '• - -from iheirliives and /io'.jodiiven away." 
 Shi-k. 'I he manner of living, or eating .\ 
 table joined ro keep. " He kept a niiferable 
 '• /.tfjc:' ii.^k. Th; (hition oi a planet, iu 
 
 artrology.
 
 H O U 
 
 afltology. Family race, defcenJjnts or kin- 
 tired ; one's family affairs. " Set thine houfe 
 •' in order." z Kings, xx. i. A body of men 
 rnceting for pulilic concerns in any dwelling, 
 applied to the lords or commons coileftivdy 
 coiifidered : when iifed with u^per, it implies 
 the lords, and when joined witii hiver, the 
 commons. " The major part cf both honj'es." 
 K. Charles. The body in which the foul lod- 
 ges or refides. " If our earthly boufe — we\e 
 " diilolved." zCor.v.j. 7 he glorious body 
 or receptacle in which our foul will refidc in 
 heaven. " We have a. /jcufc not made with 
 *' hands.'' 2 Cor. v. s. 
 
 To HOUSE, V. A. to harbour ; to give 
 lodging in a hoiife ; to fhelter, or keep undtr 
 a roof. Neuterly, to take fhelter; to refide, 
 or live in a building. To have a (tation in 
 the heavens, applied to aflrology. 
 
 HOU'SE-BREAKER, S. one who forces 
 an entrance into another perfon's houfe to 
 fteal. 
 
 HOU'SE-BREAKING, S. the ad of en- 
 tering another perfon's houfe by force, in or- 
 der to fteal : called, in law, burglary^ 
 
 HOU'SE-DOG, S. a malHff or'dog kept 
 in a houfe to fecure it from thieves, 
 
 HOU'SEHOLD, S. [ixom houfe mi hold] 
 a family living together in one dwelling-place 
 or houfe ; the management, ceconomy, or 
 government of a family. Ufed in compofitioii 
 to imply domeftic, or making part of a family. 
 " His lo!ifeho/d fcTVunts" y^cls x. 7. 
 
 HOU'SEHOLDER, S. the mader of a 
 familv. 
 
 HOU'SEHOLD-STUFF, S. furniture- of 
 an houfe, or utenfils fit or neceflary for a fa- 
 mily. 
 
 HOU'SEKEEPER, S. cne who is maflcr 
 of a family, and rents a whole houfe, oppofed 
 to a loiJger ; a woman fcrvant, who has the 
 manayement of a family. 
 
 HOUSEKEEPING, Adj. domeflic ; fit or 
 neceflary for a family, " Houjckccping com- 
 •' modities." Careiu. 
 
 HOU'S'iKEEPlNG, S. hofpitaiity; a li- 
 beral and plentiful table ; the charge and ex- 
 pence attending the keeping a family. 
 
 HOU'SELEEK., S a plant, fo called from 
 growing on the walls, or outlide roofs of 
 houfes. 
 
 HOU'SELESS, Adj. without any abode or 
 houie to live in. 
 
 HOL'SEMAID, S. a female fervant, em- 
 ployed in keeping a houfe clean. 
 
 HOU'SEROOIVI, S. ihelter, place, or en- 
 tertainment in a houfe, 
 
 HOU'SEWARMING. S, a fcafl: or mer- 
 ry-making, ur^on going into a new houfe. 
 
 HOU'SHCLD, and HOU'SEHOLDER, 
 S. See K-ufehold and Houjck'Jdcr. 
 
 HOU'SiKG, S. [from l:.fco] the quantity 
 of houfes in any place. " To increrfe its 
 *' inhabitants according to the increnfe of 
 *' beujlrg." Graunt. 
 
 H U C 
 
 HOU'SEWIFE, S. [frequently written and 
 pronounced bufivife, or h:ijjy] the miflrefs of 
 a family j one fkil ed in the regulating ot a 
 fami y, and prddi.Gng frugality ; a kind of 
 purfe confiding of feveral pockets above one 
 another, and a book made of cloth, to carry 
 thread, fiik, and nee iles in. 
 
 HOU'SEWIFELY, Adv. after the manner 
 of a perfon who knows how to manage a fa- 
 mily u ith order and frugality. 
 
 HOU'SEW IFELY, Adj. [pronounced huf- 
 /ify] (killed in tlic management of a family. 
 
 HOU'SEVvIFERY, S. [pronounced buf~ 
 fif'y] the bufincfs or nianagtmcnt of a mif- 
 trefs of a family ; prudent and frugal manage- 
 ment of the afiiiirs of a family. 
 
 HOW, Adv. [hu, liua. Sax.] to what de- 
 gree J in what degree ; in what manner j for 
 what rea/ijn ; or tiom what caule ; by what 
 means. Uled with mucb^ if implies propor- 
 tion, relation, and correfpondence. 
 
 HO'WBE, or HCVVliElT, Adv. [from 
 b'j-w, he and i:] ncvertl;elefs ; notwithftand- 
 ing ; yet ; however. 
 
 HO WD'YE, [of /i5w, do, andje] in what 
 (late is your health. Ufed as a fubftantive 
 for a mecr compliment of civility, or an en- 
 quiry into the I'ate of a perfon's health. 
 
 HOWEVER, Adv. in whatfoever manner 
 and degree ; at lead ; at all events : let what 
 will happen ; neveithclefs ; nolwiihilariding; 
 yet ; for all that. 
 
 To HOWL, V. N. {hulcn, TtxW t\t\vla>^ 
 Gr. ] to cry, or make a noife, applied to a 
 wolf or dog. Figuratively, to utter a moarn- 
 ful found or cry tmm deep diltiefs ; to pro- 
 nounce in a tone like a beaft. l"'oetically ufed 
 for yny noiib that is l.nid and horrid. 
 
 HOWL, S. the cry or noife of a wolf or 
 dog ; the cry of a human being opprefled with 
 difhcfs and filled with horror. 
 
 HO'WSOEVER, Adv. Sec f/oit-^«-. 
 
 To HOX, V. A. \hoh. Sax.] to hamnring, 
 to hough. Figuratively, to take notice of a 
 peifon, lb as to make him blufh or be afham- 
 ed. "■' Ihx the dancing mailer." A low 
 phrafe, perhaps from bcx/we, Sax. reproach- 
 ful. 
 
 HOY, S. [biff, Fr.J a fmall vcfFel, whofe 
 fliils are neither fvjuare nor crofs like other 
 Ihips, butmizen, fo that flic can fail nearer 
 the wind than any other veflcl can. 
 
 To HOYSE, V. A. [See//j.y7j among ma- 
 riners ; to hale up any thing. 
 
 HU'BBUB, S. a mixed or con f ufed noift 
 mad; by feveral •people talking at the fame 
 time; a tumult, lioi, or uproar. 
 
 HU'CKAfiACK, S. a kind of courfc linen 
 with raifed figures. 
 
 HU'CKLEtJACKED, Adj. crooked in the 
 fhoulders ; hunch or hump-backed. 
 
 IJU'CKSrER, or HU'CIISTERER, S. 
 a perfon that fells goods or wares in fmall 
 quantities ; a pedlar. Figuratively, a trickiib, 
 mean peifon. 
 
 To
 
 H U L 
 
 To HU'CKSTER, V. A. to fell wares in 
 fniall quantities. 
 
 To HU'DDLE, V. A. to drefs up clcfein 
 order to difguife; to drefs in a hurry, or put 
 one's cloatlis on c;:rele(ly and in hafte. Fi- 
 ^urativel)', to C()ver up in hafte ; to perform 
 in a hurry : to join together in a confuTed and 
 improper manner. Ncuterly, to come in a 
 crowd or hurry. 
 
 HU'DDLE, S. a confufcd crowd or mix- 
 ture ; a crowd aflemblcd together in a hurry j 
 a tumult. 
 
 HUE, S. \hkive, heio?, Sax.] colour; a 
 clamour, or legal purfuit after a robber, at- 
 tended with noife. 
 
 HUFF, S. [heofen. Six. lifted up. Johnfon 
 derives it from ho'ven, or kn'f, to fwellj a fuel! 
 of fiidden anger or infolence ; a fcvere and 
 infolent reprimand ; one fw?!led and grown 
 infolcnt witli a vain opinion of his own value. 
 
 To HUFF, V. A. [hcofe?,. Sax.] to fwell 
 or pufT. " Hi; fed up with air." T» hedtor 
 or treat with infolence; to chide or reprimand 
 with infolence or fcverity. In Gaming, to 
 take a trick from a pirfon, who did not play 
 to a lead. 
 
 HU'FFER, S. a boafter cr bully. 
 
 HU'FFISH, Adj. with arrogance, info- 
 lence, or braggings. 
 
 HU'FFISHNESS, S. noify bluiler ; info- 
 lent pride. 
 
 J o HUGG, V. A. [%wn. Sax ] to prefs 
 clofe in an embrace. Figuratively, to fondle, 
 or treat with tendernefs ; to hold fall with 
 great affe£tion. 
 
 HUG, S. [fee the Fcrb'\,zn embrace wherein 
 a perfon is held tight within rhe arms. 
 
 HUGE, S. |/6o.^/j, Relg. ] large, applied 
 to fize, generally including excefs j vail or 
 immenfe. 
 
 HU'GELY, Adv. in an exter.five manner; 
 immcnfely, or enormoullv, applied to fize. 
 Greatly ; very much j prodigioufly, applied 
 to degree. 
 
 HU'G ENESS, S. enormity, applied to bulk. 
 Greatnefs or extenfivenefs, applied to quality 
 or degree. 
 
 HU'GGER-MUGGER' S. fecrecy ; in a 
 bye place. " A thing that's done in hugger- 
 
 '' ""SS^'"'^^ L'Ej}rar:^£. 
 
 HU'GY, Adj. vaflT; great ; large, applied 
 to flzfe. " T his hugy rock." Carew. 
 
 HUKE, S. [%, brit. hugue, Fr.] a cloak. 
 
 HULK, S. [tolck, Dan. Hue, Sax.] the bo- 
 dy of a fliip. Figuratively, any thing bulky 
 and weighty. '•' Tliis ^z;/-', Sir John." ^hak. 
 
 To HULK, V. A. to pull out the entrails 
 of animals. " To i'j.-.'-J a hare." ^7?.','w. 
 
 HULL, S. [oi Man, Sax.] the bulk, or 
 outward covering of corn or -ry other thing ; I 
 the body of a iTiip : though hi/k and hu/I be 
 now ufcd promifcuoully, LuH fccms, according | 
 to johnfon, to have been fo; merly applied 
 not only to the body or hull, but likewiic to 
 whok ihip of burtheu. j 
 
 I 
 
 HUM 
 
 To HULL, V. N. to float ; to drive t.i 
 and fro upon the water without fails or rud- 
 der. " He look'd and faw the ark hull oa 
 {the flood." Par. Loft. 
 
 I HU'LLY, Adj. bulky, or abounding in 
 I hulks. 
 
 HU'LVErj, S. in Botany, the holly. 
 [ To HUM, V. A. [bovimlcn, Bclg.] to make 
 I a noife, applied to bee?. To make an inarti- 
 culate noife, by forcing the breach through the 
 lips when fliut ; to pa-jfe in fpeaking, and 
 fill up the interval by making a found with 
 the breath forced through the lips when uiut ; 
 to fmg io low as fcarcefy to be heard. " To 
 " hum a tune." Pope. To applaud. To hum 
 a perfin, is to render him ridiculous, hy exer- 
 cifmg fome frolic upon him. See Ihnnvr.er. 
 
 HUM, S. the hoaife bu/.zing noife made 
 by bees. Figuratively, the confufed noife 
 made by a croud of people engaged in dif- 
 courfe; any bw, rough noife ; a paufc filled 
 up by a forcible emillinn of brea'h thorough 
 the lips when ihut. " You hear a h:.m ia 
 " the right place." She3. 
 
 HUM, Iriterj. alow inarticulate fi^und, like 
 that of a fwarm of Lees, made ufe of to imply 
 doubt and deliberation, '■'■Hum'. I guefs ut 
 " it." Shak. ' 
 
 HU'M.'iN, Ad], [ht!Ka'in,Yi: humar.us,'L^K.'\ 
 having the qualities of a reafonable .creature 
 or man : belonging to, or like a man. 
 
 _ HUMA'NE, Adj. [kuniabu^^] kindj ci- 
 vil ; good-natured ; benevolent ; ready to Ao 
 good offices, and embracing all opportunities 
 to relieve and companionate qur fellow crea- 
 tures. 
 
 HU'MANELY, Adv. in a kind, civil, 
 companionate, or benevolent manner. 
 
 HU'MANIS r, S. \huma7iifte, Fr.] a perfon 
 who teaches the rudiments or grammar of 
 lang'jagcG. 
 
 HUM A'NITY, S. [huKatuie, Fr. humanitPS^ 
 Lat] the nature of man. Mankind, or the 
 coDecflive body of reafonable creatures ; the 
 exercife of all the facial and benevolent vir- 
 tues. 
 
 To HUMANI'ZE, V. A. to fcften or ren- 
 der fuftc-ptive of the impreffions of tender- 
 nefs or benevolence, 
 
 HU'MANKIND, S. the race of reafonable 
 creatures, called men. 
 
 HU'iViANLY, Adv. after the inanner, or 
 according to the pov\er of men, 
 
 HU'.M-IMRD, S. one of the fmallcfl birds, 
 we know of, fu chilled from its humming 
 foimds. 
 
 HU'.MHLE, />dj. \lutrrok, Fr. hun.Uis, 
 Lat.] having'a modcll or lowopiu'on of one's 
 own abilities; behaving with modefty, fub- 
 miflion, and deference to others. Low, ap- 
 plied to fuuiition or rank. " An htnnili nert 
 " built on the ground." Ctiviey. *' Humhlee 
 " titles." SKirh 
 
 To HU'MRLE, V. A. to de.f>roy or dimj- 
 
 nidi a pcrfon's pi ide j ta zn<ikc Itfi aii;i^-n: j 
 
 i* I to
 
 HUM 
 
 to make fubmifTive, to mortify ; to fubdue ; i 
 to diminilh the lieight of a thing. . 
 
 HU'MBLE-BEF, S. a wild bee, fo called 
 from its buziing. In Botany, an herb. 
 
 HU MBLENESS, S. a difpofition of mind 
 wherein aperfon has a low opinion of his abi- 
 lities, and is fubmifiive to others. 
 
 HU'MRLER, S. one that fubdues either 
 his own pride or that oF others. 
 
 HU'MBLEMOUTHED, Adj. mild, or 
 meek in fpeech. " You are meek humhlc- 
 " mouthed.''' Shak. 
 
 HU'jMBLE-PLANT, S. a ipeciLS of the 
 fenfitive plant, which derives its name from 
 its prolhvting itfelf on the ground when 
 touched, and recovering its former (late in a 
 Ihort time afterwards; it is raifcd in hot beds. 
 
 HU MBLY, Adv. with a proper deference 
 and fubmiffion to others ; witiiout pride. 
 Low, applied to fituation or diflance from 
 the earth. 
 
 HU'MDRUM, Adj. Tfiom hum and<f;wj 
 dull, (lupi.i ; iiot a.ifwt'iiig or taking notice 
 wh'i'i fpi'Ken to, on acccjiiiu of (h>pidity. 
 
 To HUME'CT,orHL'MEC'rATE,V.A. 
 [humeclatus, Lat. of kumeflo, Lat. humdhr, 
 Fr.] to wet or moirten. Not in ufe. 
 
 HUMECTATION, S. [Fr.] the aft ot 
 wetting or moirtening. 
 
 HU'iMERAL, Adj. [Fr. from humerus, 
 Lat.] belonoing to a llioulder. 
 
 HUMICUBA'TION, S. [from humi, Lat. 
 and adw, Lat.] the ad of lying on thegroimd. 
 " Ys.'A^mg—iwiihunikuiation.'" Bmmb. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 HU'MID, Adj. [humlde, Fr. humldus, Lat.] 
 moift, or having the power to wet ; wet. 
 
 HUMI'DITY, S. [bumldite, Fr ] moillure, 
 or that quality which a fluid has of entering 
 the pores, or wetting other bodies. 
 
 HUMlLiA' ilON, S. [Fr.] an aft where- 
 by a perfon voluntarily defcends fi om a higher 
 degrfi of dignity to a lower; mortification ; 
 or a fenfc and cxprefTion of our defers or 
 unworthinefs ; abatement of pride. 
 
 HuMFLlTY, S. a difpofition of mind 
 wher.-n a perfon has a low opinion of him- 
 fclt ,,nd his advantages, is fabmiflive to au 
 thorty, and attentive to inltriiftion. 
 
 ilUM'MER, S. an applauder. Ufcd at pre- 
 fent .i<^ a cant word for a perfon who tells a 
 pliuCble (lory to another, in order to gain his 
 credit, and induce him to believe a falfity ; 
 on I wlio ttlls a lye. 
 
 HU'MOli, or Hl'MOUR, S [hameur, 
 Yx.hinnor, Lat.] moiftui' ; My fluid body. In 
 Anatumy, the fluids in .;n animal body, o; any 
 corrupt matter cr.Uefled in a wound or abfccfs. 
 T ;>per difpolition, or tae ruling pafljon, 
 ap; li-.-J to tl.c mind. Piflion, or the prefent 
 difj-.-)tion of tiie mind ; any odd medley of 
 id-!. . ihich extort a fmile, or raife a laugh ; 
 pic.-, .titry s jocularity ; a trick, habit, or prac- 
 tice. " Tlikc not the /j-vM'«r of lying." .ii.;/J. 
 
 HU MORAL. Adj. [from honor \ proceed- 
 
 H U N 
 
 ing from humors redundant in the body. 
 " Humoral fever." Harvey. 
 
 HU'nORIST, S. {hiimor;f.s,Yv. humor}fce, 
 Ital.J one who is greatly pleafed or difpleafed 
 v\ith little thing'', and conJufts his anions 
 not by reafon and the nature of things, but 
 l)y caprice, fancy, or fome predominant pal- 
 fion . 
 
 HU'MOROUS, Adj. full of odd or comi- 
 cal ideas and fentiments ; capricious ; with- 
 out any rule but the prcftnt whim ; pleafant 
 or jocular. 
 
 PIU'MOROUSLY', Adv. in a jocofe or 
 pleafant manner, fo as to extort a fmile, or 
 raife a laugh ; with caprice or whim. 
 
 HU'MORULSNESS, S. ficklenefs of tem- 
 per ; a difpofition pleafed or offended with 
 trifles. 
 
 HU'MORSOME, Adj. eafily pleafed or 
 difpleafed with trifles ; peevifli ; odd ; of a 
 changeable difpoiition, or not pleafed long 
 with anv thing. 
 
 HU'MORSOMELY, Adv. in a peevifh 
 manner; in llich a manner as to be pleafed or 
 difpleal'jd with trifles, or not to be pleafed 
 with any thing long. 
 
 To HU'MOR, V. A. to plcafe or footh, 
 by complying with a perfon's ruling paflion, 
 or peculiar fihle. Figuratively, to fuit any 
 defign in fuch a manner to an obflacle, as to 
 make it rather an ornament than an impedi- 
 ment. " The king has hui;:ored the genius 
 " of the place." yJddif. To comply with. 
 
 HUMP, S. [corrupted perh.aps t'loin iump] 
 the fwcUing on a crooked back. 
 
 HU'MP-BACK, S. a crooked back, or a 
 back which has a kind of a bump or knob 
 fwclling ahove the other parts of its furface. 
 
 To HUNCH, v. N. in its primary fcnle, 
 to give a blow with the fifl:. At prefent it 
 fignifies to purti as with the elbow, " Thy 
 " crooked mind within hunch'd out thy 
 *' back." Dryd. 
 
 HU'.MCH-BACKED, Adj. havinga hump, 
 or crooked back. 
 
 HU'NDRKD, Adj. [hurrd, Goth, and Sa.x.] 
 hundrad, Ifl. | a number confifting of ten 
 times ten. Siibll:antlvely,it implies adivilion of 
 a country, perhaps fo called from containing 
 a hundred fecurities for the king's peace, fronj 
 hundred. Sax. a body of one hundred men. 
 Likewife a mcafure or certain quantity of 
 things j a hundred of jclt, at Amfterdam, ia 
 14 tons. A hundred of dccil boards conUa of 
 fix-fcore, ;. e. 120, which is likewife called 
 the lor^ hundred. 
 
 HU^NDREDTH, Adj. {hunteonteogothay.^ 
 Sax.] the ordinal of a hundred, or that which 
 has ninety-nine plsced before it. 
 
 HUNG, p.'eter and part. pafl. oi Hang. 
 
 HU'NGARY, kingdom of, in Eui-ope, is 
 by the Turks called Magiar, by the Sclavo- 
 nians Wergierfka, by the Germans Ungern 
 and Hungeiland, and by the Italians Ungha- 
 ria, It has iis name of Flungary from the 
 
 Huns>
 
 H XJ N 
 
 HUN 
 
 lliins, a Scythian or Tartar nation, who pof-j /»«/, Sax. a hound] to chafe wild animals ; 
 f-fTeJ themfelves of tliis part of the country, i to purfue with dogs. Figuratively, to purfue 
 when the whole was over- run by the barbarous or tc ilow clofe ; to fearch after ; to dirc<ft or 
 northern na'ions, upon the decline of the I ma'age hounds in the chace. '^ He hurts a 
 Roman empire. It lies between lat. 45 andj*' pack of dogs better." SpeH. 
 49 deg. N. and between long. 16 and 23 dtg. HUNT, S. a pack of hounds. " The 
 E. In its ft^ite of prolperity, and when taken " common huv.t.''^ Diyd. A chace after wild 
 in a larger fenfe, it included the prov-inces' animals. '■^ The hunt '\s uip." Skak , Purfuit. 
 of Tranlylvjnia, even Moldavia, Sclavonia.j HU'NTER, S. [hurtta, Ifl.1 one who 
 Croatia, Ualmatia, Bofaii, Servia, and others I chafes animals for pleafure orextrcife; a dog 
 of lefs note, which were ail fubjeift to it j and that fcents. or is ufed in purfuing hearts of 
 is the Lower Pannonia of the Romans. But prey; a fwift and (trong horfe that is fit to 
 
 when taken in a more limited icnfe, it is 
 bounded on the S. by the river Drave, or 
 Draw, which divides it from Sclavonia ; to 
 the £. by Servia j on tie N by Walachia, 
 Tranfylvania, and the Cirpathinian moun- 
 tains, the laft Separating it from Poland ; to 
 theW. by Moravia, Auftria, and Stiria. Its di- 
 menfions are varioufly given, Moll fays, that 
 Hungary is 140 miles long, and 2^5 broad. 
 It is divided into Upper and Lower Hungary : 
 the Upper being that part beyond the Danube, 
 towards Poland, Tranfylvania ; and the 
 Lower on the S. W. f:de of the fdme river. 
 The northern part of Hungary is mountain- 
 ous and barren ; but the S. part is one con- 
 tinued plain of about 30Q miles frcmPrefburg, 
 the cipital, to Belgrade, being extremely fruit- 
 ful, but abounding in morafles. Its moll: 
 confiderable mountains are the Crapack or 
 Carpathian, the general name for all thofe 
 hills that feparatc this kingdom from Poland, 
 Moravia, Silefia, and fome part of Auftria ; 
 though the people that live near them call 
 them by different names. Befides thefe there 
 
 follow the chace. 
 
 HU'NTINGDONT, anciently HU'NTES- 
 DUNf or DOWU, a populous tradingtown, 
 and the capital of the county of its name. It 
 Hands on a fmall eminence, upon the N. fide 
 of the river Oufe, over which is a frcc-ftonc 
 bridge, and near it was formerly a caftle, 
 which, wiili the borough, formerly belonged 
 to David king of Scots which king Stephen 
 granted him ; but the caftle was demolilhed 
 iiy kinr; Henry II. in order to put an end to 
 the competition about this earldom between 
 the Scottilli kings and the family of St. Liz : 
 yet the former iTill claimed it. This town is a 
 great thoroughfare on the N. road, and tuU 
 of very good inns. It js a ftrong pafs on the 
 Oufe, and in the civil wars both parties 
 thought it fo. This is theconftant place for 
 the afljzes, as well as the county- gaol ; but 
 conhlts principally of one long ftrcet, which 
 is pretty well built, withahandfome market- 
 place. It is governed by a mayor, who re- 
 turns two rcprefentatives to parliament. Here 
 is a good grammar- fchool ; and one Mr. 
 
 are very few mountains or woods. In them Richard Filhbourne, of London, gave zocol 
 
 are mines of gold, llivcr, copper, iron, vitriol 
 fulphur, and pits of fait. No foil can be 
 more fruitful, producing corn in fuck abun- 
 dance, th^t it is faid to be fix times as cheap 
 as in England; though generally much infe- 
 rior to ours both in body and in quality. 
 
 HU'NGER, [Sax. honger, Eelg.] the pain 
 felt on fading long ; a dchre of food. Figu- 
 ratively, any violent defire, 
 
 to the town for charitable ufes. It had an- 
 ciently fifteen churches, among which was 
 an abbey built by the emprefs Muud. In 
 latter times it had but four, and in ths civil 
 wars thefe were reJuped to two, 
 
 HU'NTINGDONSHIRE, one of the 
 counties of England, fo called from the fhire 
 town, on account of the conveniency of 
 hunting in it, bcipg formerly one entire fo- 
 
 To HU'NGER, V. N, to feel a pain on reft, till disforefted by Henry II, and III. 
 long fafting ; to be defirous of eating. Figu- and Edward I. the latter leaving no more fo- 
 ratively, to defire any thing with great ea-'reft in it than what was his own ground. On 
 
 gernefs 
 
 HU'NGER-BIT, or HU'NGER-BIT- 
 TEN, Adj. pained or worn out for want of 
 food. 
 
 HU'NGERLY, Adj. hungry, wanting 
 food or nourilliment. 
 
 HU'NGERLY, or HU'NGRILY, Adv. 
 with a keen appetite, or like a perfori who 
 wanteth food. 
 
 HU'NGRY, Adj. feel'ng pain for want of 
 food ; wanting food ; lean for want of food. 
 Figuratively, not fat, fruitful, or prolific. 
 
 HUNKS, S. [/:u>i/.eryll\.] a perfon who 
 is covetous of money, and fpends very little ; 
 amifer. " A dofc ku ks." Spefiatcr.' 
 
 To HUNT, V. A. [/.fc'w;^«, Sa>:. of 
 
 the W.-and N. it is bounded by Northamp- 
 tonlhire, being parted on the latter boundaiy 
 by the river Avon or Nen. It has Bedford- 
 fliire on the S. and CambriJgefhire on the E« 
 from which laft it is moC.ly divided by the 
 Oufe. It is not above twenty-five miles long, 
 nor twenty broad. In this compafs it con- 
 tains four hundreds, fix market towns, fc- 
 venty-nine parifhcs, two piincipal rivers, 
 naniciy the Oufe and the Nen, five bridges, 
 240,000 acre', and about 50,000 inhabitants. 
 In the Jow lands are ih many mcers or lakes, 
 and fc-ns, belides fmLilkr ftreams, that the 
 air in gereral is neither pleafant nor falubri- 
 ous : lor tl ough the fogs and exhalations a- 
 rifing fom thefv; are not fo unwholfome as 
 L 1 a tbojTe
 
 H U R 
 
 tKofe of the ftr.gnatcd fa'.t- water in Efllx 
 Kent, Siifrt.x, &c. yet they are always tknip, 
 and often noxious, efpecially to ikangers ; 
 tho'j;;h mo(\ of the inhahitunts are healthy, 
 and many of them long lived. 
 
 HU'N rUKSS, S. a woiinn that follows 
 the chace, or pin fues animals for (port. 
 
 HU'N SMAN, S. one who diverts him- 
 f If in chafing animals ; a lervant who has 
 tt-.e dirertion of a chace, 
 
 HU'RPLE, S. [hyrd.l. Sax. kurde, Belg. 
 and Teut. | in Hulbandry, frames of fplit 
 timlitr, or hazel rods interwoven, or plaited 
 toi'cther, to ferve for gates llieep-folds, or 
 rooftop a gap in a hedge. In Fortification, 
 ivvi;s of wiilows or ofiers inter woven togt- 
 ihc', fuftained by flrong (lakes, fometimcs 
 covered with earth, and ufed for ftrcngth-n- 
 :'.n<» batteries, for makingapaflageover muddy 
 ditches, for covering traverfes anddoJgmcnts 
 from the ftones, (hot, &c. of the enemy. 
 liUROS, S. See Hdrds. 
 ToHL,:RL, V. A. [/v/5..-/f, Tfl.j to throw, 
 rail or drive any thing with violence ; to ut- 
 ter with vehemence, from huikr, Fr. to 
 make a hideous or howling nolle. To play 
 at cafling or hurling a ball, 
 
 HU'RL-BONP".,"s. a bone near the mid 
 die of the buttock of a hor(e, very eafily put 
 out of its r>.ckct by a hurt or (train. 
 
 HU'RLKR, S. one who plays at hurling 
 a ball. This name is given to feventeen large 
 Hones fet in a kind of a ftjuare, near St. Clare 
 in Cornwall, from an old tradition thatlhcy 
 are the bodies of men petrified for profaning 
 t'lc i'abbath, by playing at hurling balls ; 
 but whoever lias fcen Stonehinge, or read 
 "Wormius's dillei ration on tlie Danilh anti- 
 quities, would imiie at the funplicity of the 
 relaters, and eafily fee that thefe (tones are 
 feme funeral monument 
 
 HL'RLY, or HU'RLY-Bl'RLY, S. a 
 tumult, uproar, or budle. " 1 fee this 
 ♦' hurls all on fiot " Sha.k. " All places 
 «' were filled with tumult and i.Kyly-burly."' 
 Knoll J, 
 
 HU'RRICANR, or HURRICA'NO, .S. 
 [huracan. Span. | a furious florm arifingfrom 
 an oppofition of fovcral winds. 
 
 To HIJ'RRY, V. A. [ha-g^an, Sax.] to 
 drive fad ; to make a perfon quicken his pace, 
 to do a thing in hafte. 
 
 HU'RRY, S. a tumult ; a confufion at- 
 tended with hafte ; a hady or violent emo- 
 tion of mind. 
 
 T&HL'Rr, V. A. [prefer, 1 hwr, com- 
 pound pretcr, / ha-je hurt, part. pad. Luyt ; 
 »if hyit, Six. hnirtcr, Fr. J to affecH: with pain ; 
 to wound, to impair or damage. "Virtue 
 " may be aiiiil'd, Sut never hurt." M'dt. 
 
 HURT, S. damage; mifchief, or harm. 
 A wounS or hruife, applied to the body. 
 
 HU'i^CTFUL, Adj. mifchievous ; perni- 
 cious ; afTcdi"^- a perfou with lofs, damages, 
 or pain. 
 
 H U S 
 
 nU'RT FULLY, Adv. in a mifchievous 
 or pernicious manner. 
 
 To Hl'R FLE, V. N. {hnmer. Fr. urture, 
 Ital.J to lliike or claQi ; to meet with a (hock, 
 And cncouriter. " The noife of battle l.urtkd 
 " in the air " Shok. Obfblere. 
 
 1:!L"RTLEBERRY, S. Ihkrt har, Dan.] 
 the hilhcny. 
 
 HU'RTLESS, Adj. without injury or do- 
 ing harm ; innocent ; harmlefs. 
 
 IfU'SBAND, S. (from /.^/j. Sax. a houfe, 
 and I anda, Run. a mafter] a m.m married ii> 
 a woman. Figuratively, an cect^nomid, or 
 one who underdands and praftifts frugality; 
 a farmer, or tiller of gr.aind. " The painful 
 " /';//?'i?n^ plowing up liis giound." Dryd. 
 
 lo HU'SBAND, V A. to marry, or fup- 
 ply with an hulhand ; to manage with fruga- 
 lity ; to till or cultivate ground. " A farmcif 
 " cannot £i(//?'(2n</ his ground." Fac. 
 
 HU'SBANDLESS, Adj. uijhout a huf- 
 band. 
 
 H'J'SBANDLY, Adv. in a fnigal or thrif- 
 ty manner. 
 
 HU'SBANDRY, S. tillage, or the acfl of 
 cultivating land , parfimonv, or a careful ma- 
 nagement of money or time; the care of a 
 family. 
 
 HL'SII, Interj. [formed from the found] 
 be filent. 
 
 HUSj-[, Adj. filent, quif t, or dill, general- 
 ly ufed in a comparative fenfe. " As h:'jh 
 <' as death." Sl.ak, 
 
 To HUSH, V. A. to dill ; to filencc ; to 
 i^uitt ; to appeafe. 
 
 HU'SK-MONEY, S. money given to difla 
 evidence, or hinder information. 
 
 HUSK, S. \/.u/dfh, Belg.] the outmofi 
 covering of fruit or corn. 
 
 To HUSK, V. A. to drip off the out- 
 ward covering from corn or fruit. 
 
 HU'SKED, Adj. bearing or covered with 
 a hulk or hull. 
 
 HU',SKY, Adj, abounding in, or confiding 
 I of, hulks. 
 
 1 HU'SSY, S. [a corruption of liifivife, ufcj 
 in an ill fenfe] a bad manager, a bad or 
 wanton woman. 
 
 HU'STiNGS, S. [Lufirge, Sax.] a court 
 of Common Pleas held before the lord-mayor 
 and aldermen, at Guildhall, London. Jt is 
 the principal and highed court belonging to 
 the citv, and exifted fo early as the reign of 
 Edward the ConfefTcr. 
 
 To HU'STLE, V. A. to (liakc together. 
 HU'S\^'IFE, S. [hij'iu[f. Sax. from bus, 
 Sax. a houfc, and idf. Sax. a woman or 
 wife] a woman that is cither a bad manager, 
 or a perfon of infinipus chara<fter ; an occo- 
 nomift, or a woman that condufts the alfair.s 
 of a family with frugahty. " J he bounte- 
 " ous f'tifivife, nature. ^7'^.^. Johnfon ob- 
 fcrves, that it is common to ufe Ij'.ujcivife in 
 a good fcnil", but lujiv'ife or hi'Jj'y in a bad 
 one. 
 
 I To
 
 H Y D 
 
 To HU'S'.VIFE, V. A. to manage with 
 oeconomy aiul frugality. 
 
 HU'SWIFERY, S; management of houfe- 
 holJ affairs ; minagement of fiich branches 
 of farming as fall within the province of 
 women. 
 
 HU I", S. [liuttc, Sax.] a low, mean, and 
 poor cotbge. 
 
 HUTCH, S. Ikuche, Fr. hiv^ca. Sax.] 
 a corn cheft ; a kind of hoiife, with a wired 
 door, otherwifc refeaibling a cheft, ufeJ to 
 keep rabbits in, 
 
 'lo HL'ZZ, V. N. [from the foimd] to 
 buzz or murn;iir. 
 
 HUZZA' Jiitcrj. a Ihout or cry of joy. 
 
 To HUZZA, V. N. to mike a (hoiit of 
 joy. Adively, to receive with fliouts of joy, 
 or acclamations. 
 
 HY'ACIN TH, S. \!j^achiihus, Lat jadn- 
 tie, Fr.] in Botany, a .Hower. Among jew- 
 ellers, a gem of t!ie hze of a nut-meg, of va- 
 rious degrees of dcepnefs and paler. efs, but 
 always of a dcadilh red, with a mixture of 
 yellow. 
 
 HY'ACINTHINF, Adj. [uaxcAvc;, Gr.J 
 made of hyacinths ; yellovv, or of the colour 
 of hyacinths. 
 
 HY'ADS, or HY'ADES, S.[of i/aSsf, Gr.] 
 a conftellation of feven ftars in the Bull's 
 head, the principal of which, CaWci yiL'tta- 
 ran, by the Arabs^ is in the Bull's left eye. 
 They are famous among the ancient poets for 
 bringing rain. 
 
 HY'ALINE, Adj. [v^iXm?, Gr.] glafly ; 
 cry'bllint ; made of, or refembling glafs. 
 t'fed Aihftaniively by Milton, " on the clear 
 *' hy-'iUne, ihe glady Tea." Par.LoJl. 
 
 HY'BRIDOUS, Adj. [hyirlda, Lat. y^f'?, 
 Gr. j begotten between animals of a different 
 fpecies. 
 
 HYDA'TIDK«, S. in Medicine, little 
 ti-nnfparent bladdeis of watei- in any part of 
 the bo<jy. 
 
 HYDRA, S. [Lat. from fJuj, Gr.] a 
 kind of water Inake, feigned to have many 
 heads, which grew again when cut off. In 
 Aftronomy, a fouthern conftellation confift- 
 ing of i6 fins. 
 
 HY'DRAGOGUFS, S. t.?*j, and ctyoo, 
 Gr.J fiich medicines as occafion the difcharge 
 of watery humours. 
 
 HYDRAU'LIC, or HY'DRAULICAL, 
 Adj. Tfrom hydrjUci] relating lo the convey- 
 ance of water by pipes. 
 
 HYDRAU'LICS, S. [uKj, and ai^oi, Gr.J 
 in its primary fenfc, the fcitr.ce of the mo- 
 tion of water or fluids through pipes ; hue at 
 prcfent extended not only to the conducting 
 and r.iifing of waier, the conTlruifting of en- 
 gines for that purpoie, but likewife the laws 
 of the motion of fiuid bodies 
 
 HYDRO'CtLK, S. [of iJir?, and xnU, 
 Gr. 1 a watery rupture, fituatcd in the fcrotum, 
 or gr^in. 
 
 ilYDROCETHALUS, S. [from iJ-,^ and 
 
 HYP 
 
 KE^stXij, Gr.] in Medicine, a wate.'-y head, or 
 dropfy in the head. 
 
 HYDRO'GRAPHER, S. [from uTo.,^, and 
 j/^acjjs;, Gr.J one that makes maps or charts 
 of the iea. 
 
 HYDRO'GRAPHY,S.[SeeFj^ro^r^;,^f;-] 
 :he art of defcribing or drawin" maps or 
 cliaits of the fe.i. ^ 
 
 HY'DROMANpY, S. [hydromattne, Fr.] 
 the aft or art of foretelling future events by 
 means of water. 
 
 HY'DROMEL, S. rof:.-^4;f,and^j?a, Gr j 
 mcud, or a drink made of honey diluted with 
 water, and ie.mented by a long and genib 
 heat. 
 
 HY'DROMKTER, S. [of vlcco, and (j^c 
 T^cy, Gr.] an inflrumcnt to meafure the gra- 
 vity, denfity, vclocityj and other properties 
 of water. 
 
 HY'DROMETRY, S. [Stc Hydron:ctey-\ 
 the aift or art of meafuring the gr.ivity, and 
 other properties of water. 
 
 HY 'ROPHOBIA, S. [lydroplohte, Fr. of 
 vl-ji^ and <f sSji, Gr.] in i\ledicine, an aver- 
 lion or dread of water ; a dangerous fymptom 
 attc.Tdiiig perfons bit by a mad dog. 
 
 HY'iiROPlC, or HYDROPICAL, Adj. 
 [hydropique, Fr. hydrspic:-!, Lat.] droplii-^1, 
 or affc<fied wiih the dropfy. See Dropfy. 
 
 HYDROS TA' ; ICAL, S. [from oyd,-fta- 
 tks] relating to, or taught by hydroftatics 
 
 HYDROSTA'TICS,S.[ofi;Ja'^andraT.>-.-., 
 Gr ] that part of mechanics which confidos 
 the weight of gravity of fluids, or of IbllJ 
 bodies imrnerged or placed in them. 
 
 HYDRO' TIC, _S. {lydror,q,n; Fr. of 
 
 y'aof, Gr.] a medicine which purges water or 
 phlegm, and caiifcs fweating. 
 
 HY'EN, or HYE'NA, ^:^hyeKe,Yr. lyara, 
 Lat.] a wild beaft of a darkiih grty colour, 
 fpotted uith black, refembling a wolf, rec- 
 koned untjmeable, and I'eported to imitate a 
 human voice, in order to feduce its prey. 
 
 HYGN.O'MEIER. S. [oft/^jc-and fxt- 
 T^'ct, Gr.] a machine or inftrument ufed to 
 meafure the degrees of moillure of the air. 
 
 HY'GROSeOPE, S. [from i,y^oi :.nd 
 (TKoniM, Gr.] an inflrument to ftiew ti>c 
 diflercnt degrees of moifture or dryncfs of the 
 air. 
 
 HY'MEN, S. [vfAny, Gr.] the god of 
 marriage. Figuratively, marriage. In Ana- 
 tomy, the virginal membrane 
 
 HYMENE'AL, or HYMENEAN, Adj. 
 relating or belonging to marriage. 
 
 HYMN, S. [hyu.r.c, Fr. lymer.e, Sax.] a 
 religious fong or ode. 
 
 7o HYMN. V. A. [t//xvc-4>, Gr ] to prol/b 
 in fong<:. Neutcrly, to fing- religious longs 
 in worlhip. 
 
 To liYP, V. A, [contrafted from lypo- 
 chondilac] to Jifpirit, or make melancholy. 
 
 HYPA'LAGE, S. [from vTta>.-Ka.-f,o>, Gr.] 
 
 a figure in Rhetoric, wherein words ch.inges 
 
 cjfcs with each otb.er ; as in Diirc chjf-.iui 
 
 L 1 3 -atijlrcs.
 
 HYP 
 
 I 
 
 aullros. Where clajpbus is the dative inftead I lent rumblings in the intedines are conTider- 
 of aifjlro!, the grammatica! fenfe and con- ed, it is then named ihci/afiours. 
 Uraiv.on being Dare clajics at^/lii:. H^'POCIST, S. \hyj.ccljle, Fr. of vmt- 
 
 •HY'PER, lavfcord curtailed fronr hyfer-\tiKoq, Cx.] in T.Iedicinc, an inTpiirated juice 
 critic] a pcrfon more critical than he need to ot" a fine fhining biacii colour when broken, 
 be. " Critics I read on other men — and con fiderably hard and heavy, exprclTed from 
 
 " hypers upon them." Piior. 
 
 HYi^E'KBOLA, S. [hylerholc, Fr.] in 
 Geometry, a curve line, formed by the fec- 
 tion of a cone. 
 
 HYPE'RBOLR, S. [Fr. wt,-, and ^a^Xoi, 
 
 the fruit oi a plant of the fame name, and 
 brought from the Levant. It is a ftrong 
 artrin[;ent, and is uftd in the thtriaca. 
 
 HYFO'CRISY, S. [kypurifie, Fr.l the 
 a(fl of counterfeiting religion or virtue, in 
 
 Gr I a figure in Rhetoric, whereby any thing orJcr to pafs tor religious and good, without 
 is incrcafed or dim.nilbd beyond the exaft j really being either. 
 
 truth ; as in the following fentcnccj " He 
 " wai o :'aunt, the cafe of a fl^gelet was a 
 " nianfion for him." Shak. 
 
 HYPERbO'LiC, or H VPERB'OLTCAL, 
 Adj. [by^irbolique, Fr.J in Ge-.mctry, be- 
 longing iii or having the properties of an hy- 
 perbola. In Rhetoric, extenuating or ex- 
 ag-'eratin^ beyond the truth. 
 
 HYPlRGO'LICALLY, Adv. in the form , 
 or aftci the manner of an hyperbola. In 
 Rhetoric, in fuch a manner as to extenuate or 
 exaggerate beyond the truth. 
 
 HYPERBO'REAN, Adj. [hyperhcnen, Fr. 
 byperi areas, Lat.J northern. 
 
 HYPERCRl'TIC, S. [hyper critique, Fr.] 
 a perfon who criticifes or cenfures with too 
 great nicety and rigour. See Hyper. 
 
 KVPERCRI'TICaL, Adj. critical be- 
 yond meafuiC. 
 
 HYPERME'TER, S. [of WE^and fj-n^ov, 
 Gr.J any thing beyond or greater than the 
 ftandard requires ; any thing beyond a lule, 
 or the ufual mcaiure. " When a man rifes 
 «' beyond fix feet, he is an iypcrn:cter." 
 Guard. 
 
 HYPERSA'RCOSIS, S. [Gr. of i-wij, and 
 erafnc^, Gr.] in Surgery, the growth of fun- 
 gous fle(h. 
 
 HY'PHEN, S. [vifr.M, Gr.] in Grammar 
 and Printing, a fhort line drawn between fyl- 
 hble or compound words, and iiiewing that 
 they are to be joined, as in God-bead, ever- 
 liv.r.g, &c. 
 
 HYPMO'TIC, S. [from vTn'o;, Gr.] any 
 medicine that procures or induces lieep. 
 
 HYPOCHON'DRES, S. [bvpociondre,¥r. 
 vrnX'-'h'"'', Gr.] the two regions lying on 
 each fide the cartilago enfiformis, thoie of 
 the ribs and the tip of the bread, one of 
 which contains ihe liver, and the other the 
 fpleen . 
 
 HYPOCHO'NDRIAC, or HYPOCHON- 
 DRIACAL, Adj. melancholy; difordered 
 in mind ; producing melancholy. The hy- 
 pachcr.drla-pafwn, is a difeafe which affefts the 
 hypochondres, and.occafions melancholy, or 
 difordered imagination, and is varioufiy named 
 according to its fituation ; when feated in the 
 hypochondres, arifmg from fome diforder of 
 the parts contained therein, it is properly 
 called the bypochondriac-pajjlcn, contra^edly, 
 the byp, the fpleen, &c. and when the fiatu- 
 
 HY'PCCRITE, S. [lwcx^itkc, Gr.] one 
 who affects the external appearance of religion 
 or morjhty, purely to gain the good opinion 
 of others, without being really either devout 
 or moral. 
 
 HYPOCRI'TICAL, Adj.difTcmbling ; af- 
 feaed 
 
 HYPOCRI'TICALLY, Adv. in a diflem- . 
 bling infincere manner. 
 
 HYPOSTASIS, S [hpo/lafe, Fr.] a dif- 
 uuCt fubftance. In Divinity, perfonality ufcd 
 in fpeaking of the dod^trine of the Holy Tri- 
 nity. 
 
 HYPOSTA'TICAL, Adj. [lypojiatique^ 
 Fr.] in Chemillry, conflituting as di(lin<ft 
 principles. In Divinity, perfonal. The hy- 
 pojlatical union, is the union of the human 
 liature svith the divine 
 
 HYPOTHENU'SE, S. [bypcte,^ufe, Fr. of 
 uTToSEivoKj-a, Gr.] the longcft' lide of a right 
 angled triangle, or that fide whicli fubtends 
 or is under and oppofite to the right angle. 
 
 HYPO'THESIS, S. [Gr.] a fyliem form- 
 ed on fome principle not ukd, and laid down 
 from the i.iijgination, to account for fome 
 pjiscnomena ; a fuppofition. 
 
 HYPOTHETIC, or HYPOTHE'TI- 
 CAL ; Adj.l.bypotkerique, Fr.] including a fup» 
 pofition conditional, oppofite to pof.tl-ve. 
 
 HYPOTPIE'TICALLY, Adv. upon fup- 
 pofition conditionally. 
 
 HY'SSOP, S. [hyj'op, Sax. kyffope, Fr. 
 hykpus, Lat.] in Botany, the branches were 
 uftd by the Jews to fprinkle with in purifica- 
 tions, to which the Scriptures alluded in fevc- 
 ral places. 
 
 HYSTE'RIC, or HISTERICAL, S. 
 {l]j}.;\ciiu, Fr. j troubled with fits. afTcaed 
 \\\\\\ difordcrs in the womb; proceeding from 
 difordcrs in the womb, 
 
 HYSTE'RICS, S. [trf^.x;?, of yrE?«, Gr.] 
 fits of women, fuppofed tu proceed fiom dif- 
 ordcrs in the womb ; medicines given to cure 
 the hylferics. 
 
 I. 
 
 Is the ninth letter of theEnglifh alpha- 
 bet, confidered both .is a vowel and 
 confonant, and agreeable to that diffe- 
 rence' is written orpriuted in a different form, 
 
 Uie 
 
 I
 
 J A C 
 
 JAM 
 
 the confonant being produced below tlie line j plays tricks and other pleafantrics, in order 
 thus J ; init the vowel ftanding even with to divert a mob. 
 
 the other letters. The confonant is called a 
 jod, which is the name by which the Hebrew 
 is called : in forne words it is founded like a 
 foft ^, as in Jew, jeji. The I vowel has 
 two founds, I ft long, which is generally 
 noted by an f final, zi, m lu'ne •, zdlyfhort, 
 as in thin. When placed before e, it makes 
 a dipthong of the fame found as a double e, 
 as in J}. Id, pronounced yi't'A/'. After o it makes 
 a mingled found compofed of that oF the two 
 vo\,v£ls, as in coil, coin. It vvas formerly a 
 numeral letter fignifying too, ]jut at prefent 
 is iifed to denote an uiiit or one. 
 
 I, Pronoun perfonal [of;/, Goth, ic. Sax 
 or ich, Kelg.] ufed by a perfon when fpcakirtg 
 of, or afcribing an a(f\ion to himfelf. Some- 
 t.mes it is ufcd in Head of ay, yea, or yes ; from 
 ia. Sax. *' 7, Sir, Ihe took tliem, and read 
 . " them in my prefence." Sluik. 
 
 To JA'RBER, V. N. [m/w, Yr. ^rMare, 
 Ital.] to talk idly, or ^vithout thinking ; to 
 prate or cliatter ; to talk inarticulately., fo as 
 not to be underllood. 
 
 JA'BBERER, S, one who talks too fift, 
 or fo inarticulately as not to be uiiderlfood. 
 
 JA'CENT, Adj. [jjcens, Lat.] lying at 
 length.. " In the jacent poflrure." Wttton. 
 
 JACK, S. [the di.iiinutive of John] a ge- 
 neral term of contempt for a faucy or paltry 
 perfon. " Thefe brag'^ing yacks." Sb k- 
 The inftrument with whicii boots ars pulled 
 off, or fpfts 5.rc turned; a young pike, ap- 
 plied to fiiTi. In Mufic, a piece of box fitted 
 with a quill, which, being moved by finger- 
 ing the pieces of ivory, moves againft the 
 wire, and founds a fpinnc t or harpficliord, C^c. 
 Joined to the names of animals, when both 
 fexes are fignified by one word, it implies the 
 male, as zj,'.ck-afi ; a fmall bowl. 
 
 JACK-AL, S. [chacal, Fr.J a fmall ani- 
 Bna!, faid to ftart prey for a lion. 
 
 JACK- A-LAN THORN, S. [for Jack 
 luitb a lanthorn, becaufe it refemlilcs a peifon 
 going with a lanthorn and candle] a fiery 
 ntteor, which refembles the liglu of a can- 
 idle at a diftance j the reflcdion of the fun 
 .fceams thrown by means of a looking-glafs 
 upon a wall. 
 
 JACKANAPES, S. a monkey or ape. Fi- 
 guratively, a coxcomb, or pert, imperuncnt 
 fellow. 
 
 JA'CKBOOTS, S. large thick boots, ufed 
 by the horfe of an army to defend the legs. 
 
 JA'CKDAW, S. a blackiOi bird, taught 
 to imitate the human voice. 
 
 JA'CKET, S. \jaqvcttc, Fr. jacke, Teut.] 
 a fhort coat, or kind of waidcoyt, worn iiy 
 women fortheupper pattof theirridingdrefs, 
 (Sc. To beat oni s jacket, is to threlh or beat 
 a perfon. 
 
 JA'CK KETCH, S. a name given by the 
 
 vulgir to the public hangman or cxcutioner. 
 
 JA'CK-PUDDING, S, a perfon who 
 
 J 
 
 JA'COB's STAFF, S. \ Jacob' s-jiab,Ttnt.] 
 a pilgrim's ftjff, fo called, from the pilgri- 
 mages made to St. James at Compolielh. 
 In Aftronomy. a crofs ftafT, ufed for taking 
 heights, fo called, in allufion to the ladder 
 in Jacob's dream. 
 
 JACULA'TION, S. [jaculatio,oijacukr, 
 Lat. I the ad of tli rowing a dart or other 
 miffive weapon. " Hurl d to and fro with 
 " jaculations dire." Par. Loft, 
 
 JADE, S. [from g^iad. Sax.] a horfe of 
 no fpirit or value ; a hired liorfe. Figura- 
 tively, a woman of bad chirailter; generally 
 ufed as a term of contempt, noting fometimcs 
 age, generally vice : but when applied to a 
 young woman, it exprclles rather irony than 
 reproach. In Natural Hidory, a fpecies of 
 jafper, of extreme hardnefs, of a colour com- 
 pofed of a pale bluilh grey, or afh colour, and 
 a pale green intermixed. 
 
 To JADE, V. N. to tireormake we.iry } 
 to overbear or harrafs like a horfe that is over- 
 ridden. " Taus jaded by apiece ot fcirlet." 
 Shak. To ride or tyrannize over. " To let 
 " imagination jade me." iibuk. 
 
 JA'DISH, Adj. ufed with Cr/V^, mifchie- 
 vous, applied to the qu-ility of a vitious 
 horfe. Unchafte, applied to wom.^n. 
 
 To JAG, V. A. {gacgan, lirit J to hack 
 or cut into flits and notches, like the teeth of 
 a faw. 
 
 J. AG, S. any thing refembling the teeth 
 of a faw ; an cfcallop. 
 
 JA'GGY, Adj. of an uneven furface, 
 having extremities refembling the teeth of a 
 faw. 
 
 JA'GGEDNESS, S. imevennefs at the 
 extremity ; having its extremities refembling 
 the teeth of a faw. 
 
 J AIL, S. [formerly written jnc/e, 6?gcol, 
 Fr. See Cdo/J a place where criminals or 
 debtors are confined. 
 
 JAIL-BIRI), S. a peifon who has been 
 confined in a prifon for fome crime. 
 
 J A'lLER, S. one who has tlie care of a 
 prifon. 
 
 JAKE'S, S. [of uncertain etymo'ogy] a 
 place where perfons anfwer the calls of na- 
 ture, and depofite their excrements, called by 
 London ners an hcufe of cjjlce. 
 
 JA'LLAP, S. [Fr. jalapium, low Lat.j a 
 firm and folid root of a wiiukled furiaee, a 
 faintilh fmell, ^nd acrid tafle. It is aa ex- 
 cellent purge in all cafes where fcrou.^ Iiumours. 
 are to be evacuated, was not known in Eu- 
 rope till after the difcovery of America, and 
 received its name Jolap or Jalop from Xabfa, 
 a town in New Spain, near which it was 
 difcoVered. 
 
 JAM, S. [the etymology unknown] a 
 
 t.irt, or conferve of fruits boiled with fiigar 
 
 and water. " A rafpbcrry jam,'^ 
 
 JA'MAICA, S. one of ilic Greater An- 
 
 L i 4 tilles
 
 JAN 
 
 I C E 
 
 fillc? nC the Weft Indies and in tlie Atlan-i JA'NUARY. S. [yanuarhs, Lit.] the firO 
 
 tic ocean, in North America. This ifland month of the year, fo named from Janus, 
 
 bivin^ been difcavcred in 1493, by CoIlihi- to wliom it was indicated by the ancient 
 
 bus, in h"s fecond voyage to the V/eft Indies, Romans. 
 
 lie changed the n.ime Jamiici to St. ]agf>, JA!\'VN, S. [from ^.7/»a« in Afia, where 
 
 vh'.ch it retained while in the han is of the tlii.s kind of work was ori;;inally done] wood 
 
 Spaniards for 150 years, durinp; which tim? varniilied and raifed in fi;^ures, painted in 
 
 they deftioyeJ moft of the natives ; but utter gold andotiier colours. Figuratively, china, 
 
 they were difpodeiTed by the Englith, it re- 
 covered its old appellation. It lies between 
 ht. 17 and nearly 19 deg. N- imi between 
 long, 76 and 79 deg. W. It is in length 
 ^'rom E to W. 140 EngliHi miles, and about 
 <5n in breadth I'rom N. to S. Its form is ovah 
 This country is jnterfeclcd from E. to W . 
 with 3 ridge of lofty mountains, rugged and 
 rocky, which are called the blue mountains ; 
 on each fide of thefe are chains of fi:iili<;r 
 mountains, gradually lower. The larger 
 riionntains arc little better than fo many 
 Tocks ; and where there is any eirrh, it is 
 only a ftubbr.rn clay. The mountains are 
 Vsry fteep, and the rocks tumbled upon one 
 nnother ttupendouflv, occafi.ined by the fre- 
 quent earthqu''.kes which have fliiken this 
 jiland in all times ; yet bare of earth as they 
 •dre, they ;\reali covered to the very top with 
 it great variety of beautiful trees, flocrifhing 
 as it were in a perpetual fpving, from the 
 f.iins frcquentlv falling;, and the mifcs per- 
 petually brooding upon them. The rocks 
 are the parent.-; of about 100 fine rivulets, 
 v^'hich tumble down their fides in catarafts, 
 forming amid'.i the precipices and verdure of 
 the trees, a wildly plealing imagery, and car- 
 ryingd.own with its torrent (lones and timber ; 
 hut none of them are navigable. T his iflind 
 j.-i of nreat importance to the crown of Gre^t 
 Rritain, not only fur its trade, but for its fite 
 
 or fine japanned porcelaine. 
 
 To JAl'A'N, S. tovarnifh, or embelliOi 
 with figure; ghzed with varnifli. 
 
 J \l^ A'N SER, S. one ikllled in varnilhing. 
 To JAR, [from ecrrr, Sax. guenc, Fr j 
 to ftrike together with a kind of a fliort rat- 
 tling ; to mike a difagrecable harQi tone. 
 Figuratively, to clafh, interfere, aft in oppo- 
 fitlon, or be inconfiftent ; to quarrel or dif- 
 pute. 
 
 JAR, S. a difagreeable, harfh, untuneable 
 found. Figuratively, a quarrel, or (late of 
 difcord. A dcoi- left a jar, is a door left half 
 open ; an earthen vefTel. 
 
 JARGON, S. [¥t. gerkonca, Span.] in- 
 articulate and unintelligible talk ; the ufe of 
 words without ideas. 
 
 JA'SMIN'E, S. [jaftnh, Fr. it is com- 
 monly pronounced jejfan-.ir.e] a tree with nar- 
 row fpear-fhaped leaves, bearing a white 
 fweet-fcenied flower. 
 
 JA'SPER, S [jajpe, Tr.jafph, Lit.] a 
 hard ftone, of a bright, beautiful, green co- 
 lour, fometimes clouded with white, found in 
 many parts of the Eaft Indies, (Sc. in mafles 
 of various fizes. 
 
 JA'V'£LIN,S.f javeiine,¥r.jaz>eri«a,Spdin.^ 
 a fpear or lialf pike, with an iron point- 
 ed head ; formerly ufed either by foot or 
 horfe. 
 
 lAU'NDICE, S. [jaur]p, oi iaune, Fr. 
 
 in the very heart of the Spanifli acquifitions yellow] in Medicine, a difeafe arifing from a 
 ;;! America ; fo that no vefiel can come to vitiated frjte of the blood and humours by an 
 or go from the continent, but m\\{\ neceflarily | excrementitious bile, fiom a fault of the bi 
 
 fail within fight of Jamaica. It abounds witli '■ - ^ J--^- •■'•■ :":—: '— e.,„i\: — ^ „ 
 
 teveral fine bays, which are convenient and 
 
 life for any number of fnipping. 
 
 JA'MB, S. [jai!ibe, Yr. jamhics. Span.] any 
 Uipporter, particularly applied to thofc on 
 each fide a door, Sff. 
 
 lA'MBfC, S. \iamh^us, Yv.jambicus, Lat ] 
 verfes compofed of iambic feet, or a lliort 
 and long fyllable': pnd being generally ufed 
 in fatyricalcompofitions, is applied figurarive- 
 iyto figni,-y f.uire. " In keen iamhia.'''' Dryd 
 
 To JANGLE, V. A. [jargkr, Fr. ] to 
 quarrel, or bicker in words j to make an un- 
 luncable found. 
 
 JA'NGLER, S. a quanelfome, noify, 
 prattlino fellow. , 
 
 JA'NIZARY, S. [from gemtchert, Turk.] 
 an order of foot foldierc in the Turkifh ar- 
 mies, reputed the foot guirdi of the grand 
 fcignio 
 
 ous du£ts, greatly injuring the funflions of 
 the body, and rendering the Ikin of a yellow 
 colour. 
 
 JAU'NTDICED, Adj. afTcaedwith the jaun- 
 dice. 
 
 To JAUNT, V- N. [jantcr, Fr.] to wan- 
 der about. 
 
 J.AUNT, S. a ramble, flight, or excurfion, 
 
 JAU'NriNESS, .S. ['t.tcjavty] airinefs ; 
 a Inofe and carelefs air; genteelnefs. 
 
 JAVV, S. the bone ill the mouth in which 
 the teeth are fixed. Figuratively, the mouth ; 
 a term of contempt. 
 
 JAY, S. [fo named from his cry] a bird 
 about the fize of a pigeon, wMth blue feathtrs 
 on its wings, and of a kind of light brown or 
 clay colour on its bre-jft. 
 
 JA'ZEL, S. a precious ftone of an azure 
 or blue colour. 
 
 ICE, S. [of /i, Sax.] water or other liquor 
 
 J.ANTY, or JAUNTY, Adj. [corrupted frozen hard by cold ; fugar melted and grown 
 from gentilj Fr.J fhowy ; or carelefly adorn- hard afterwards. To break the ice, is to m,ike 
 eJ. *'■ hjamy\[iX.wti" Sptdatsr, the firft opeaing to any attempt. 
 
 To
 
 I c o 
 
 To ICE, V. A. to iVeeic water h..rd j to| 
 Cover wUh ice or concrct-^d fiigar. 
 
 rCEMOUSE, S. a houfc in which ice is 
 pjefervcd for ufe in the iiot feafon. 
 
 rCELAND, S. in LmnlJlandM, f-) called 
 from its extieme colJnefs, a larg^ ill.inJ in 
 the northern ocean, belonging to Denmirk. 
 It lies between lat. 64. an.i 67 deg. fo that the 
 Artie circle paflis throu^^ii its norihern parts j 
 and between long. 10 and zy deg. W. ab'jut 
 500 miles W. of Norway, and nearly the 
 fame from the mod northern ifles of Scotland. 
 Its governor or viceroy leiides at fort Cellelhd, 
 on the S. W. part ot the ifhnd. In the N. 
 part of this ilbnd, for two months, namely, 
 while the fun is in Gemini and Cancer, it 
 never goes entirely below the horizon ; and 
 one half of it remains above theJame during 
 
 the longeft day, from ten at night till two ini ifling in the mind 
 
 I D L 
 
 ICO'NOCLAST, S. [kcrocbftr, Fr, of 
 sii-.ajvand y.XxM, Gr.] a breaker of images. 
 
 ICTE'RICAL, Adj. [klerkia, Lat.] af- 
 fefted with the jaundice. Good again il the 
 jaundice, applied to medicines. 
 
 I'CY, Adj. full of, or covered with ice. 
 Figuratively, cold, applied to the touch. 
 Frolfy, applied to the weather. Not warm; 
 free from paffion, applied to the mind, 
 
 I'D, contracfcd from I -would. 
 
 IDE'A, S. {idee, Fr. .V., Gr ] whatfo- 
 ever the mind perceives in itfe.f, or is the 
 immediate objedl: of perception, thought, or 
 uaderftanding J the form under which any 
 thing appears to the mind, or the ohjeft oa 
 which the mind is employed when thinkings 
 a n')tion. 
 
 IDE'AL, Adj. mental J intelle£>ual 5 ex- 
 
 the morning, wlien it rifcs quite above th 
 horizon. And about the winter-folHice, while 
 the fun is in Sagittarius and Cajnicorn, that 
 is, for tlie fpace of two monihs, it dot-s not 
 rife entirely ubove the horizon ; but one halt' 
 of it is only to be feen from ten in the morn- 
 ing till two in rhe afternoon, when it fetsen- 
 tifsly. T he natives live in little huts covered 
 with turf, and half under ground. The cold 
 is very intenfe; between which and fimimer 
 is a fhort fpring and autumn ; and yet tlie foil 
 js faid n'>t to be fo barren as that of IVorway 
 under the finne parallel ; and atfords fome 
 padure for cattle. The heat in lumnjer, for 
 the ftiort time it lafts, is very conliderabJe ; 
 the fun being only between three and four 
 hoars under the horizon. 
 
 ICB'DIEN, S. [I Ja-vc, from the Tent. 
 or Sax. ] the motto of the Prince of Wales, 
 formerly that of John king of Bohemia on 
 his (hield, to denote that he was fubfcivient 
 to Phihp king of France, wliofe pay he re- 
 ceived, but being flain by Edward tlie black 
 prince, the fon of Edward III, he then af- 
 Itimed the motto, to denote his obedience to 
 his^ father ; (ince which it has always been 
 borne by tlic prince of Wales, 
 
 ICHNEU'MON,S.[i;)(;veu^c,v, Gr.Jafmall 
 animal remarkable for its antipathy to the 
 crocodile, whofe eggs it breaks. "\'\\ckhyieu- 
 monjly., is a fly which is bred in the body of 
 caterpillars, and is fo called in allufion to the 
 report that the ichneumon gets down the 
 throat of the crocodile, and eats its way out 
 through the crocodile's belly. ^ 
 
 ICHNOGRA'PHY, S. [from t^,^-, and 
 ypa^a, Gr.] in Perfpe(flive, the view of any 
 thing cut off by a plane parallel to the hori- 
 zon, jud at the bottom of it. 
 
 I'CICLE, S. [from fi-f] a fhoot or thread 
 of ice hanging down from any high place. 
 
 I'CINESS, S. the ilate of water grown 
 h'^ird by cold. 
 
 I'CON, S. [eiHav, Gr.] a pidlure, rcfcm- 
 blance, pourtrait, or rcprefcntation ; an 
 jman-. 
 
 IDE'ALEY, Adv. mentally j in the mind. 
 IDE'NTIC, or IDi:'NTICAL,Adj.ii^f;; 
 t'ttjue, Fr.] the fime ; imj. lying the fame 
 tlung, or the fiimeidca. 
 
 ibt'NTiry, S. [;,/,,../>/, Fr.] famenefs; 
 that by which a thing is itfjlf, ur by whiclj 
 it is dillinguifhed from any other. 
 
 IDES, S. [idiis, Lat. J a term anciently 
 ufed to diniufiuifii time; it fell on the i3tbL 
 of every month, excepting in March, July, 
 Oftober, in which ic is the nth, becaufe ia 
 thofe months it was fix days before the nones, 
 but in the otheisonly four, 
 
 I'DIOM, S. [ulmre, Fr. <^i»,ua, Gr.] a 
 manner of fpeaking, orphrafc peculiar to any 
 particular language. 
 
 IDIOMA'lIC, or "IDIOMA'TICAL, 
 Adj. peculiirtoa language. 
 
 JDIOSY'NGRACY, S. [from iho;, c-w, 
 and xpao-»:;, Gr.J a difpofition or temper pe- 
 culiar to a perfon. 
 
 IDFOT, S. [idiote, Fr. idiota, Lat.] a 
 changeling, or one who has not the ufe of 
 reafon. 
 
 I'DIOTISM, S. [idhtijme, Fr. oi.t^, Gr.] 
 folly, weaknefs of underltanding, or wantof 
 reafon, 
 
 I'DLE, Adj. [ldc!,ydeh Sax.] lazy; averfc 
 to labour, or unemployed, applied to pcrfons. 
 Ufelefs; vain ; inetlc<ftual ; v.orthlcfs, applied 
 to things. Trifling, or of no importance, 
 applied to narratives or difcourfes. Idle for- 
 merly was ufed to fignify wicked, as in Spen- 
 fer, where tlie wicked offers of Mammon are 
 called " idle offers." 
 
 I'DLFR, S. a perfon who pades his time 
 in idlenefs, or without employment. 
 
 To I'DLE, V. N. to pafs time in !aziacf«, 
 or without employment. 
 
 I'DLENESS, i;. [hU,:cf; Sax.] averfioa 
 to labour; want of employment. 
 
 ID'LY, Adv. lazily; in a foolifli or trifling 
 manner; without care, attention, or profit. 
 " I idly heard '' SU,k. Without cfloa ; in 
 vain. •' Ceafe to birk any longer ;V/;)'again'' 
 " the trath." Hcoker, 
 
 I'DOL,
 
 J E J 
 
 TDOL, S. [idok. Fr, idoium, Lat. eiJuXor, 
 Gr. J an image woiihipptd as a god ; a coun- 
 terfeit image or rerembidiicc : hence tlieworJ 
 dol, tor a jointed image played -vvich by Ciiil- 
 dren. A pei-roii loved or refpcded to adora- 
 ration. '• The p^opk's ,Vo/." Dcnham. 
 
 IDO'LATER, S. \\dolatre, Fr. idolatra, 
 Lat.j one who p:iys divine worlliip to images, 
 or transfers the homage, due to the Creator, 
 unto a creature. 
 
 IDCyLATRIZE, V. A. to honour idols 
 wth divi-e worlhip. 
 
 IDO'LATROUS, Adj. tending to idola- 
 try, or transferring the honour and wordiip 
 due to God unto other things. 
 
 IDCLATRY, S [ido/atne, Fr. idJatna, 
 Lat. See Idolater] the worlhip of images, 
 the aft of making any image to reprcfent the 
 Deity ; an inordiaaie love or reipeft for any 
 ptrfon or creature. 
 
 I'DOLIST, S. a wordiipperof imagesor 
 falfe gods : a poetical word, •' IdoHfn and 
 «« atl.eifts." M:i!^:i. 
 
 To I'DOLIZE, V. A. to love or reve- 
 rence any thing or per.'on to an excefs ap- 
 pro.iching to adoration. 
 
 I'OYL, S, [eifyXXuv, GrAdyllum, Lat. J a 
 fhort poem. 
 
 I. K. an abbreviature for id eji, Lat. that 
 is ; that is to lly. 
 
 JEA'LOUS, Adj. [pronrunced;//o7i, jj- 
 loiix, Fr.g:Iclj, Ital.j fufpicious of not being 
 equally beloved by one whom one loves ; fuf- 
 picious of the (iiicerity or' a married perfoii's 
 affctlions ; fond ; emulous, or profecuting 
 with a kind of rivallliip ; full of fufpicion. 
 
 JE.A'LO'JiLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to betray fufpicion of the fmcerity of a lover 
 or married perfcn ; extremely cautious, vigi- 
 lant, or zealous. 
 
 JE.A'LOUSY, S. [ji2hufie,¥r.] a (late of 
 mind wherein a lever imagines himjVlf not 
 equally beloved, or a manicd perfoa who fuf- 
 pefts the hufband or wife not faithful to ihc 
 marriage bed ; a fui^Mcious fear. 
 
 To JEER, V. N. to feoff; to mock ; to 
 rally, or treat with ridicule, 
 
 JEER, S. an exprefllon wherein a perfon 
 is ridiculed and rendered angry ; a difplealing 
 jeft or fcofT. 
 
 JEE'RER, S, one who fco.^i or mocks a 
 perfon ; one who treats another with ridicule 
 anddifpleafingjeds. 
 
 JEE'RINGLY, Adv. in a fcornful or con- 
 temptuous manner 3 with a fly and oHenfive 
 
 jeft. 
 
 JEHO'VAH, S. the proper name of God 
 in the Hebrew. The Jews pretend that the 
 true pronunciation of this name is unknown 
 cither to men or angels, and therefore in the 
 Maforette bibles it is pointed and pronounced 
 as if Elohim. . 
 
 JEJUNA'TION, S. falling; abftaming 
 
 from eaiing. . 
 
 jEjL'NE, Adj. [/';■'.'««-', Lat.] wanting,! 
 
 J E R 
 
 empty, or void. " Jejune of Ipirit." Ba,-:i>t. 
 I'urc, void of mixture, elemental. " "Jcfum, 
 " or limpid water." Bro-wn. Dry, unaifctl- 
 ing, or void of the ornaments of rhetoric, ap- 
 plied to ftile. 
 
 JEfU'NENESS, S. penury, poverty, or 
 v.-ant of fpirit, applied to bodies. Drynefs, or 
 wanting matter and embellilhments to engage 
 the attention and pleafethe mind, applied to 
 (Hie or litsr.-.ry compofitions. 
 
 JE'LLY, S. See Gelly, which is the proper 
 fpelling. 
 
 JE'NNET. See Gennet. 
 
 ToJE'OPARD, V.A. [pronounced ;V>a;v/, 
 in this and othci words from the fame Oiigi- 
 nal. See Jeopardy \ to hazard or ex pole to 
 danger. " Thit jeoparded their lives." "T^ude 
 v. I 8. Ufed only in divinity. 
 
 J?:'OPARDOUS, Adj. expofed to hazard 
 or dinger. 
 
 Jt'OFARDY", S. [pronounced jepardy, 
 from /.I i, oTJeu purdue, Fr.J hazard, or a flate 
 wherein a perfon is expofed to extreme danger. 
 " Were m jeopardy.'" Luke viii. 25. 
 
 JE'RICHO, S.once a large, populous, and 
 royal city of Juda;a, in Aliatjc Turky. It lies 
 in a wide and fertile plain. It was the firlt 
 city Joihua took after crolTing the Jordan, 
 from which it lay fix miles W. Here Herod 
 had a magnilicent palace, where he caufed the 
 high- pried Ariftobulus to be fmothered in a 
 buih. Our bltfTcd Saviour often vifited it j 
 and here he was nobly entertained by Zaccheus, 
 Among the great variety of trtcs and plants 
 that grew in the plains of Jericho, the rofe 
 called by itb name has been often celebrated, 
 both by tlie ancient and modern travellers ; 
 alfo the famous balm-tree was produced in 
 this neighbourhood. Jericho, as moft of the 
 places in Pa efline, is now greatly reduced 
 from its former fplendor. It lies twenty-three 
 miles nlmoft E. from Jerufalem. 
 
 To JB:RK, V. A. to ftrike with a quick 
 and violent blow. 
 
 JERK, S. a blow given with a kind of a 
 fpring and forcible quicknefs ja fuddcn fpringj 
 aquickjok iliat lhocks,flarts. "Lobfters fwim 
 '• backwards by jerks or fprings." Greiu. 
 
 JER'KEN, ii. [a diminutive of i;)ir/r/,Sax.] 
 a jacket, Ihort coat, or clofc waiflcoat. 
 
 JER'SEY, S, one of the iftands and old re- 
 mains of the duchy of Normandy, in France, 
 belonging everfince the conquelt to the Eng- 
 lilh crown. It lies in the Enghlh channel, 
 pretty near the coafl: of France. This, with 
 tiie other iilcs of Guernfey, Alderney, and 
 Sarke, from being members of the biihopric 
 of Coutance, in Normandy, were transferred 
 from that diocefe to VVincheftcr, by the pope's 
 bull in 1499, and further annexed to the lat- 
 ter fee by queen Elizabeth : and confequently 
 may be reckoned a part of Hampfhire. 1 hey 
 lie inthegrcat bay called Mount St. Michael's, 
 between Cape La Hogue in Normandy, and 
 Cape Frebeile in JSretagne. Jerfey, in the 
 
 time
 
 J E R 
 
 time of the Romans, was called Cafarea, pro- 
 bably from tlie dictator (tor that the Romans 
 were here, is evident from an ancient camp 
 near the manor of DiJament, ai d from feve 
 nil of their coins found indifferent piir.s of 
 the ifland) and the modern name is only a 
 corruption of the old one ; as 7i'r, for Csfar, 
 and ey, an ifland, or Ca-far's illand. Augia 
 was a name of Hill e;irlier dale than that given 
 by the Romans, jerfey lies in lat. 49 deg. 
 7 min. N and long a deg. 26min. W.from 
 the mcridiam of London j eight-en miles VV. 
 of Normandy, and cighty-:our S of Port- 
 land, in Dorfetlhire. It is not above twelve 
 Englifh miles in length ; and its great'eft 
 hrciidth at each extreiipity is but between fix 
 and feven, being about thirty in circuit : it is 
 defended by rocks and qiiickfands ; but thefe 
 prove dangerous to its navigation : and the 
 north fide, by reafn of its high cliffs, is al- 
 n.oft inacceffible ; but the fouth fide is nearly 
 level with the water. The valleys are well 
 watered with brooks, which drive i'everal corn 
 and fulling-mills. Here they have plenty of 
 cattle and liieep ; fmall indeed, but their wool 
 is fine, and their flefh is Iweet. Their butter 
 is very good, and honey incomparable Thty 
 have here abundance of fca-fowl, alfo foland 
 geefe, or barnacles. This illand abounds 
 with filh J befides fuch as are common in 
 England, they have feveral peculiar fpecies. 
 The horfts are good for draught, but few of 
 them fit for the faddlc. The only wild game 
 here is hares and rabbits. The whole illapd 
 being one entire rock, hardly a houfe, even 
 on the highed hill, but has fomcfpring near it : 
 and here is one impregnated with a purging 
 mineral. The climare of Jerfey is in general 
 falubridus, and the tempeiate iiihabitants live 
 to a great age, though fometimes the ague at- 
 tacks them. 1 he tides here are raj^d and 
 ftrcng ; and by reafon of the Vd ft chain of 
 rocks round the ifland, the water is at no time 
 ftill, as in the reft of the Engiifii channel. 
 The cold is not fo violent in jerfey as in other 
 places of the lame latitude, it being tempered 
 by breezes almoft continually blowing from 
 the fea j but fubje<ft to (torms by weftcrly 
 winds. This ifland is extremely well fituat- 
 ed for trade in time of peace, and for annoy- 
 ing the French by their privateers, in time of 
 war. The inhabitants are computed to be 
 about 20, ceo, 
 
 J^'RSEY, S. [from the ifland of Jerfey, 
 which is famous for fpinning of yarn, and 
 its ftocking manufafture] a fine woollen yarn. 
 
 JL'SSAMINE, S. ^tcjajaminc. 
 
 JE'RUSALEM, S. anciently SaLm and 
 Jcbus ; among the Greeks and Latins it was 
 known by the name oi Sc!yn:a and hkr.foly- 
 ma, the capital of Juda:a or Paleltinc, in 
 Afia. It was a very famous city while the 
 Jews inhabited the country ; and in its moft 
 rtourid-ing ftate, it confifled of four ,Tarts, 
 each being inclofej within its own walls ; 
 
 JEW 
 
 namely, i. The old city, which ftood on 
 Mount Zion, where king David built a pa- 
 lace. 2. Tli€ lower city, ftiled alfo the 
 Daughter of Zion, as being built after it : 
 where king Solomon's palace flood, alfo He- 
 rod's theatre and amphitheatre, the latter ca- 
 pable of containing 80,000 perfons. 3. The 
 new city, moflly inhabited by tradcfmxn and 
 numbers of merchants And 4. Mount iVIo- 
 riah, where Solomon's magnificent temple 
 flood. But all this glory has long fince been 
 laid in the dufl:, in exacl conformity to our 
 Saviour's prophecy, particularly with regard 
 to the latter, " that one flone of it fliould not 
 " be left upon another." It lies thirty-five 
 miles E. of the Levant fea, and ninety-four 
 S. of Damafcus ; and ftands on a high rock, 
 the afcents -to which, on all fides, are ex- 
 ceeding (teep, except that on the N. and fur-, 
 rounded with a deep valley encompafled with 
 hills. 
 
 I o JEST, V. N. [gepca!srl,J,iit.] to mbke 
 a perfon merry by pleafant and witty turns in 
 exprcflion, and odd or comical motions of the 
 ■body ; to fpeak a thing one knows to be 
 Ifalfe purely to diveit another. 
 I JEST, S. [c'sy-::. Span. J any thing meant 
 [Only to divert a perfon, or raife laughter 5 a 
 I witiy or pointed turn of words, which diverts 
 I or raifes laughter j the objcdt of mirth or 
 laughter. 
 
 JE'STER, S. one given to witty turns ia 
 'esprcfliou, to farcafms, to odd and comical 
 pranks ; a buffoon, or one formerly ke 't by 
 great perfons to divert -them by his witty 
 turns, or odd pranks 
 
 JE'SUIT, -S. a religious of t!ie fociety of 
 Je.us, an order firll founded by Ignatius Loy- 
 ola, a Spanifh foldier, and confirmed by pope 
 Paul in. ii'!i:o i 540. 
 
 jESUl'TiCAL, Adj. belonging to the Je- 
 fuits J after the manner of the' jeiuits 5 equi- 
 vocal ; deceitful. 
 
 JET, S. [grt, Eelg. gagat. Sax.] a very 
 beautiful foffil, of a firm and even flrufture, 
 a frr.ooth furtacc, of a fine deep black colour, 
 with a vein refembiing wood, and found in 
 fmall mafles lodged in day. 
 
 To JET, V.'n. [jetrer, Fr.] to flioot for- 
 ward, or (land beyond the other parts ; to 
 jut out. Figuratively, to intrude. " To 
 " ;;7 upon a prince's right." Shak. To flrut. 
 " How he jits under his advanced plumes." 
 Shak. 
 
 JET, or JET d'EAU, S. [Fr ] a fountain, 
 or contrivance which fpouts water ii'i the air. 
 JE'TTY, Adj. made of, or asbiack as jet. 
 JE'WEL, S [jeivccl, Be\g.jcyel, Ital j in 
 its primary fenfe, any ornament of great va- 
 lue, generally applied to fuch as were fetwilli 
 precious flones ; a gem or precious flone. Fi- 
 guratively, applied to prefons, to convey an 
 idea of great eflccm and affc£lion towards them. 
 JE'"\VELLF.R, S. one who deals in preci- 
 ous Itoces, 
 
 3 jE'WS.
 
 I G N 
 
 JF.'WSEARS, S. rough, toueli, and thin 
 fiinoiH, To called from a refcmMance of the 
 human ear. 
 
 JF;WS-MALLO\V, S. in Botany, a kind 
 of mallow, iovvn in great plenty near Aleppo, 
 and deriving its name from its l)eing iifcd hy 
 the Jews as a pot-htrij ; its name among bo- 
 tanifls is corchorus. 
 
 JtyW'S-STONE, S. a fofllle, being the 
 fpine of a very large urchin petrified hy ly- 
 ing loig in the earth : it receives its name 
 from its being found in Syria, vvliich was 
 famous for the refidence of }ews, 
 
 JK'WS-HARF, fof /uvV, Fr. a chec^, and 
 f'arp, from its being held againlt tlie clieek] 
 a kind of mufical inlirumeMt, ui'ed by the 
 vuigjr, madeof fteel, held againft the teeth, 
 and founded by the motion of a i^ring, which, 
 when (truck by the finger, vibrates againrt 
 the breath. 
 
 IF, Conj, [of ^;y, Sax, £vom gifjn, Sax.] 
 granting or allowing a thing; upon condition, 
 or Uippofition. Followed by another fcntence 
 that includes oppofition, it implies whether or 
 no ; provided ; or upon condition. 
 
 I'GNEOUi, Adj. [of i^ners, Lat.] fiery ; 
 containing, emiulng, or having the nature of 
 fire. 
 
 IGNI'POTENT. Adj [oflgnh, Lat. and 
 ponns, Lat.l prefiding over fire, or powerful 
 by means of fire. 
 
 I'GNJS FA'TUUS, S. [Lat.] a common 
 meteor, fecn in meadows and other moid 
 places in dark nights, caufvd by vifcous ex- 
 halations, which being kindled in the air, re- 
 liedf a fort of thin fiame in tlie dark ; called, 
 hy the common people, IFill if'uh the lohifp, 
 or y-'ck lu'ith a hnrhorn. 
 
 To IGNl'TE, V. A. [from Ignitus, o{ ig- 
 nis, Lat.] to fet on iiie. 
 
 IGNI'TIBLE, Adj. capable of being fl-t 
 on fire. 
 
 IGNl'TIONT, S. [Fr.] the aft of kindling 
 or fettingon fire. In Chemidry, the appli- 
 cation of fire to metals, till they become red 
 hot, v.'ithout melting. 
 
 IGNI'VOMOUS, Adj. \igni-vomus, Lat. 
 of ;^;;;j and ■vonio, Lat. J vomiting or cafting 
 ♦jut fire. 
 
 IGNO'BLE, Adj. [Fr. igno/v/is, Lat.] 
 meatijornot helongingtothe nobility, applied 
 to birth. Worthlcfs, bafc, or not deferviiig 
 honour, applied to pcrfons or things. 
 
 IGNO'BLY, Adv. in adifgraccful, mean, 
 hafe, or leproacliful manner. 
 
 IGNOMI'NKKiS, Adj. [igrm!inie!,x,TT. 
 ip-.ominiofus, Lat. J difgraceful, d.liionourable, 
 leproachful. 
 
 IGNOMI'NIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to caiiie lofs of fame. 
 
 I'GN'OrvIIN y, S. \igncmime, Fr. igr.omir.ij , 
 Lat.] lofs of f.nne or honourj difgrace, fhame, 
 or rcproarli. 
 
 IGKORA'MUS, S. [Lat.] in Law, a word 
 Kf-,.l ;iy a grnd inqucO, and written on the] 
 
 I L L 
 
 back of a bill, when they miflike the cvidfnfe 
 I as dcfcclive, or not abie to mak'- g od the 
 j charge it courains : hence it fignifies figura- 
 tively, a perfon who knows nothing. 
 
 I'GNORANCE, .S. [Fr. ignorans, Lat.] 
 want of knowledge or inflruftion ; unlkil- 
 fulntfs. 
 
 FGNORANT, Ad). [Fr. ignoranz, Lat.] 
 unlearned; illiter'te; without knowledge ; or 
 without having in idea of fome partk-ilar ; 
 unacquainted with. 
 
 rGNORANTLY, Adv. without know- 
 ledge, learning, or dcfign. 
 
 To IG.NTO'Rf-:, V. .A. [ignorer, Fr. igr.oro, 
 Lat.] not to know, or have an idea of a 
 thing. 
 
 JIG, S. Igi'^a, Ital. geige. Tent.] a light, 
 carelefs, quick dance ir tune. 
 
 To jKi, V. N. to dance a quick and light 
 dance called a jig. 
 
 |ILT, S. \g:Ua, Ifl] a woman who re- 
 ceives the addrcfles of a lover, gives him 
 hopes, and deceives him. Ufed in co.itempt 
 or reproacli of any woman. 
 
 To JIlvT, V. A. to deccivea man byflat- 
 tering his love with hopes, and afterwards 
 leaving him for another. 
 
 To'jI'NGLE, V. A. [either corrnptcd 
 from ja.ig/e, or formed from the founuj to 
 clink, or make a noife likf- money, or other 
 founding mevA flung on a S'ttc or other hard 
 body. Jn Poetry or Stile, applied to the found 
 formed by feveral words or fyllables which 
 end in the fame letters. 
 
 JI'NGLE, S. the found mr.de by money 
 or other metal flungagainft a hard body. The 
 found made hy words ending in the fame 
 letters and I'yllab'es, appied to fiile. 
 
 I'LIAC, Adj. fof ;/;i.i] caufed by tvvifilng 
 in the guts; belonging to the lower belly. 
 The iliac pn£'.eny is a kind of nervous cholic, 
 fcjted in the ileum, whereby one part of the 
 gut enters the cavity of that part which is 
 immediately below or above it. 
 
 ILL, Adj. [contracfed from ewl, idle, 
 Dan. ///, Brit.] inconfiftent with our duty, 
 as citizens or chriftiaiis j contrary to good ; 
 fick or difordered. 
 
 ILL, S. an aftion contrary to our duty, 
 either to CJon or man ; wickednefs ; a mif- 
 fortime. 
 
 ILL, Adv. not well or rig'itly. "///at 
 " cafe." Drsd. Not able. " LI able to _ 
 " fuftain." Par. l.njl. Ill, in Compofiiion, 
 whether fubftantive or adverb, implies de- 
 feat, or foiTiething bad and improper, cither 
 in quality or con.iition 
 
 1 LLA'CERABLE, Adj. [iilateraiilis, Lat.] 
 not to be torn. 
 
 ILLACHRYMABLE, Adj. [dlaayiralilis, 
 Lat.] not capable of weeping. 
 
 ILLA'l'SE, S. [ii'af^fus, Lat] the gradual 
 or gentle entrance of one riling into another j 
 a fuddcn attack, or .iccident. 
 
 ILLAg^'EA'IION, S. lil'a^:i:a!ic, Lat.] 
 
 the
 
 I L L 
 
 •lie a<ft of catching or enfnarin;i ; a fnare or 
 artifije made ufe ot' to entrap, or catch. 
 
 ILLATION, S. [i.Vd.-b. Ldt.J an infe- 
 rence, or conclufion drawn from premfes. • 
 
 Ii-LA'TIVE, Adj. [;./uf..i, Lat.J ufei to 
 imply an inference or conciufion. " The il- 
 "■ latiui p aticles." {■Fjits. 
 
 ILLAU'DABLE, Adj. [Ulaudabith, Lat.] 
 uiiA'orthy of praife. 
 
 ILLaU'DABLY, Ad7. ill a manner not 
 deferving praife. 
 
 ILLL'GAL, Adj. [of in anA U-gaui, Lat.] 
 contrary to law. 
 
 ILLEGA'LITY, S. the quality of being 
 unlawful or contrary to !iu\ 
 
 ILLE'GIBLE, Adj. that which cannot be 
 read. 
 
 ILLEGI'TIMACY, S [of ;//ce-/,-i>«/f] the 
 llate of a baftard ; the ftatc of baltordv. 
 
 ILLFGJ'TIMA. IE, Adj. [Uleguimv.f, 
 Lat.] unlawfully be2,otten ; or not begotten 
 in wedlock. 
 
 To ILLEGI'TIMATE, V. A. in Law, 
 to prove .1 perfon a baflard. 
 
 ILLEGi'TiMATLLY, Aiv. not in 
 wedlock. 
 
 ILLEGITIMA'TION, S. the flate of a 
 baftard, or of one not begotten in wedlock. 
 
 ILLE'VfABLE, Adj. [ot Ul,3.nikw,¥r.'] 
 what cannot be levied, rjifed, or exacled. 
 
 ILL-FA'VOuRED, Adj. [See /i/j ugly 
 or deformed. 
 
 ILLl'BERAL, Adj. [iliueralh, Lat.J 
 wantmg gencrolity, or gentility. 
 
 ILLIBERALLY, Adv. in a mean, nig- 
 gardly, wr difingenuous manner. 
 
 ILLI'CIT, Adj. '[jIHcite, Fr. Ulidtus, Lat.] 
 unlawful, or ccntrary to any law. 
 
 ILLIMITABLE, Adj. [of //, Lat, and 
 Un:ci, Lat.] not to bounded or limited. 
 
 ILLl'MITABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to be capable of no bounds. 
 
 ILLI MITED, Adj unbounded j without 
 bounds, limits, orie{haiiu. 
 
 ILLJ'TERATE. Adj. [iUheraius, Lat.] 
 without having received any improvements 
 by learning or inftruction ; unlearned. 
 
 ILLl'TERATENESS, S. the Itate of 
 having never received any improvements 
 from learning. 
 
 I'LLNEiS, S. any thing which is pro- 
 duftive of inconvenience, nr deflrucfive of 
 our happinefs, applied to things natui-al, mo- 
 ral, and religious. Sickncfs or difordcr, ap- 
 plied to health. 
 
 ILL-NA'TURE, S. a natural difpofition, 
 whereby a perlon is prone to do iil turns, and 
 to thwart the happinefs, of another, attended 
 with a fecret joy on the fight of any mifciucf 
 which befalls another, and an entire inlenli- 
 bility of any kindnefs received. 
 
 ill-nature:?. Adj. h.-.bitua!]y un- 
 kindj mdicious, or mifchitvous. 
 
 ILL-NATUREDLY, Adv. iu a ptevilh, 
 froward, mifchitvous manner, 
 
 I M A 
 
 ToILLUDZ, V.A. [illudj, Lat.] to 
 mock J to play upon ; to jeer. 
 
 ToILLU'ME, V.A. [Ulur^lner, Fr. 1 to 
 fupply with light ; to brighten or adorn. 
 " hLmd with fluid gold." Tmmfon 
 
 To ILLU'MIN^, V.A. [^L>uner,Yr.^ 
 to enhgliten or make light j to Tuppiy v,irij 
 lights. Figuratively, to adorn. " O let my 
 " country's friends illumine mine." j^ddif 
 
 To ILLU'WIHATE, V.A [illumi.er, Fr 1 
 to enlighten or iuppiy with light. Figura- 
 tively, to fupply the mind with a powlr of 
 undcrihndiiiL; any difficulty. / 
 
 ILLUMINATION, S. [Fr iilunnrratio, 
 Lat.J the ad ot iupplying with liol.t th- 
 cauleof light; brghtnefs ; Tplendor ; 'light 
 communicated to the mind by infLiration" 
 
 ILLU MINATIVE, Adj [///.;;./«,;/; Fr.l 
 having the power to communicate 1 glu' 
 
 ILLU.MINATOR, S. [from ihu,,ina>u>, 
 Lat.J one who gives light ; one who ex- 
 plains a difficult pafi.n'e in an author 
 
 ILLL'SION, S [iih^o, Lat.J a falfe (hew 
 or appearance j error occafioned "by a falfe ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 ILLU'ilVE, Adj. \jlh,fus, Lat.] deceivlna 
 byfahclh.w * 
 
 ILLU'SORY, Adj [Ululhin, Fr.] fraudu- 
 lent ; with an i.itention to deceive ; deceitfu' 
 
 1 o ILLU'STRATE, V. A. [ilh.P.yer, Fr.j 
 to brighten with light or honour, rlguia'tive- 
 ly, to explaiii or ckar up a difficulty in aa 
 author. 
 
 ILLUSTRATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 ren krmg a difficult pailLge eafy to be under- 
 llood J an expolition or explanation. 
 
 ILLU'STRATIVii,' Adj. having the qua> 
 hty of dealing up a difficult or obfcure paf- 
 fage in an author. 
 
 ILLU'STRATIVELY, Adv. fay way of 
 explanation. 
 
 ILLU'STRIOUS, Adj. [illupis, Lat.//- 
 luftre, Fr.] noble ; eminent for titles, digni- 
 ty, birth, or excellence. 
 
 ILLU'STRIOUSLY, Adv. in aconfpicu- 
 ous, noble, or eminent manner. 
 
 ILLU'SIRIOUSNESS, S. eminence of 
 rank, birth, aignity, or good qualities. 
 
 I'M, a contradtion, uJid in difcourfe for [ 
 am. 
 
 I'MAGE, S. [Fr. ormago, Lat.] the ap- 
 pearance of any objeift j an idea imprelied by 
 outward objeds on the mind ; a reprefenta- 
 t'on of any thing exprefi'ed either in painting, 
 fculpture, (^c. molt commonly applied to 
 llatues ; n copy, or likcnefs; a hvely ao- 
 fcription of any thing in dilcourfe; apifhue 
 drawn in the fancy • a falfe god ; or a flatuc \ 
 m?de to reprefcnt, and be worlhipped as a 
 god. 
 
 To I'MAGE, V. A. to form a reprefec- 
 tation, llkeneft;, or idea of a thing in the 
 mind. 
 
 IMAGERY, S. fljtnrs' or pianres. 
 Figmativcly, a rcTcnil!-:;-, " ihh.Trcr}-; 
 
 " t)t
 
 I M B 
 
 **| of forrow." Piigr. Ideas formcci purely by 
 the imaj^ination, which have no originals out 
 of the miad. 
 
 I'MAGIMARY, Adj. exiRing" only in 
 the imagination or fancy, oppofed to real. 
 
 I'MAGINfATION, S. [Fr. maginatlo, 
 Lat.] a power or faculty of the foul, v\here- 
 by it Can join or fcparate tlie ideas it has re- 
 ceived by the fenfes, in fuch a manner us to 
 form other compound ideas, which have no 
 refembLnce exiting out of the mind ; fancy ; 
 the power of reprefenting things abfent ; a 
 conception, image, or idea of any thing in 
 the mind. 
 
 To IMA'GINE, V. N. to fancy; to con- 
 ceive. Figuratively, to contrive, or plot. 
 
 IMA'GINER, S, one who forms an idea 
 in his mind. 
 
 IMBECILE, Adj. [Fr. mheclUls, Lat ] 
 wanting ftrength, applied- both to body and 
 mind. 
 
 IMBECr'LTTY, S. {imiecUhe, Fr.] frail- 
 ty, or weaknefs of mind or body. 
 
 To IM'iil'BE, V. A. [imMo, Lat. im- 
 liber, Fr.] to drink, or draw in ; to admit 
 into the mind ; to drench or {oak, to im- 
 pregnate. " This earth imbibed with more 
 *' acid." Netvt. 
 
 IMBl'BER, S. that which drinks in, fucks 
 up, or abforbs. 
 
 LMEIBI'TION, S. [Fr.] tht aft of drink- 
 ing or fucking up moifture. 
 
 To IMBl'TTER, V. A. to make bitter ; 
 to deprive of happinefs or pleafure. " Paflion 
 *' which imbittci- their lives." j^ddif. 
 
 To IMBO'DY, V. A. to cover with, or 
 thicken to a body ; to bring together into 
 one mafs or company ; to inclofe. " Imbo- 
 " died in (lone." IV'^odw. 
 
 To IMBO'LDEN, V. A. to raife to con- 
 fidence ; to encourage, or make bold. 
 
 To IMGO'SOM, V. A, to hold on the 
 bofom ; to wrap in that part of the garment 
 which covers the bofom. Figuratively, to 
 love with a warm affedtion and friendfhip. 
 
 To IMBO'W, V. A. to arch ; to make 
 in the form of an arch. 
 
 To IMBO'VvER, V.A. to cover with a 
 bower ; to cover with branches or trees. 
 
 IM'BRICATED, Adj. [imbnz., Lat.] in 
 Botany, formed in hollows, like thofc of a 
 gutter-tile. 
 
 IMBRICA'TION, S. an hollow inden- 
 ture, like that of a gutter-tile. 
 
 To IMBRO'WN, V. A. to make brown, 
 er dark. 
 
 To IMBRUTE, V.A. to make like a 
 Iwute, either in quality or ihape j to become 
 like a brute. 
 
 To IMBRU'E, V. A. to ttccp, foak, or 
 ■wet much and long. 
 
 To IMBU'E, V. A. [imbuo, Lat.] to tinc- 
 ture very deeply j to imbibe j to dye or im- 
 pregnate with any liquor. 
 
 I M M 
 
 IMIT.ABI'LITY, S. [imitaUrn, Lat] the 
 quality of bcin'4 imitable. 
 
 lW'lTA8Lk, Adj. [Fr. mhabilh, Lat.] 
 worthy of being refemblcd or imitated ; pof- 
 liblc to be imitated or copied. 
 
 To IM'ITATE, V. A [imtatus, Lat. iml- 
 ter, Fr.J to copy ; to counterfeit. 
 
 IMJTA'TION, S. the aft of doing any 
 thing with a view of making it like fome- 
 thing elfe. 
 
 IM'.'TATIVE, Adj. [i^.-itati'vus, Lat.] 
 inclined to imitate ; copied from, or reftm- 
 bling, 
 
 ItMITA'TOR, S. liwir,7tor, Lat. imitafenr, 
 Fr.J one who copies IVom, and endeavours 
 to rcfcmble anotlier, 
 
 LMIVLVCULATE, Adj. [immaculatus, Lat.] 
 without fpor, (lain, or crime, pure, or clear. 
 " Thou clear, immaculate, and liivcr foun- 
 " tain." Skak, 
 
 To IMMANA'CLE. V. A. to put in ma- 
 nacles ; to fetter or confine. 
 
 IM'iMANENT, Adj. [Fr.] internal ; or 
 iituated within the mind. 
 
 IMMA'NITY, S. [imanitas, Lat.] barba- 
 rity ; cruelty. " Such imnianity and bloody 
 " Ih-ife." ^hak. 
 
 To IMMASK, V.A. to put in a mafk ; 
 to cover; to difguife. " Cafes of buckram to 
 " immajk our outvard garments." i^hak. 
 
 IMMATE'RIAL. Adj. [immaterid, Fr.] 
 fpiritual ; dilHnft from, and not confifling 
 of matter; of no importance, or weight. The 
 laft fenfe is branded as a barbarifm of John- 
 fon. 
 
 IMMATE'RIALLY, Adv. ina manner 
 not depending on matter. 
 
 IMMATE'RIALIZED, Adj. frcfd from 
 or void of matter. ' ' liimaterialized fpitits.' ' 
 Glanv. 
 
 IMMATE'RIALNESS, S. diftinanefs or 
 freedom from matter. 
 
 IMMATE'RIATE, Adj. notconfiftingof 
 matter. " Incorporeal and immateriate.'" Bac. 
 
 IMMATU'RE, Adj. [immatuius, Lat.] 
 not ripe ; not perfcft ; too early or before the 
 natural time. •• Call not that death imma' 
 " ture" Taylor. 
 
 IMMA fU'RELY, Adv. too foon ; be- 
 fore ripe, complete, or exiflent. 
 
 I.MMATU'RENESS, or IMMATU'RI- 
 TY, S. unripencfs. 
 
 IMMEABI'LITY, S. \immraiilis, Lat.] 
 want of power to pafs or make itfelf a pallage, 
 applied to fluids. " Itnmeability of the juices." 
 Arbulh. 
 
 IMME'ASURABLE, Adj. [pronounced 
 imniJjurable\ not to be meafured ; not to be 
 conceived. 
 
 IMME'ASURABLY, Adv. beyond all 
 meafure ; beyond all comprehenfion or con- 
 ception. 
 
 IMMECHA'NICAL, Adj. not according 
 to the laws of mechanics. 
 
 IMME'-
 
 I M M 
 
 mrvIE'DIACY, S. the quality of r.cTmg 
 uithi.'.it the intervention of any otlicr means. 
 
 IMME'DIATE, Adj. [br.mcdiat, Fr.] in 
 fuch X (f-.te with relpe£f to ibmethiiigclfe, as 
 to have nothing between ; without any thing 
 intervening i not aifling by feconJ caufes. In- 
 flaiit or piefeiit, appHeii to time. "Armed 
 "with more ;V/.7«ci//iir^ power." Prior. 
 
 IMME'dIaTELY, Adv. without the in- 
 tervention of any other caufe or event ; in- 
 ftantiy ; without delay. 
 
 IMME'DIATENESS, S. prefence, applied 
 to time. The (late or quality of being with- 
 out any fecond or intervening caufe. 
 
 IMME'DICABLE, Adj. {bmnedkaiilh, 
 Lat.] not to be healed or cured. 
 
 IMME'MORABLE, Adj. [litmcmorabUh, 
 Lat.] no: vvorih remembering. 
 
 IMMEMO'PvIAL, Adj. not within the 
 memory of any perfon living; fo ancient as 
 not to be eafily traced with any degree of cer- 
 tainty. 
 
 IMME'NSE, Adj. [Fr. o? hr,M»fus, Lat.] 
 unbounded; not to be comprehended ; infi- 
 nite. 
 
 IMME'NSITY, S. [hr.menjite, Fr.] un- 
 bounded or incomprehcnfihle grcatnefs. 
 
 IMME'NSL RABLE, Adj. impoffible to 
 be meafured ; infinite. 
 
 IMMENSURABrLITY, S. impoflibllity 
 of being meafured. 
 
 To IMME'RGE, V. A. [jmmergo, Lat.] 
 to plunge or put under water. 
 
 IMME'RSE, Adj. \,m„:crfus,'Lvit. oi im^ 
 Kergo, Lat.] buried j covered j funk deep. 
 
 To IMME'RSE, V. A. [hmner.Jum, Lat.] 
 to put under water ; to fink, deep or cover j 
 to plunge, fink, or keep deprefled. 
 
 IMME'RblON, S. [Fr. oiimmerfto, Lar.j 
 the a<fl of plunging any thing in water, or 
 any other fluid, beyond its furface ; the (fate 
 of finking or l)eing lunk in liquor below its 
 furface. '1 he (late of being overwhelmed, 
 applied to the mind. 
 
 IMMETHO'DICAL, Adj. without order, 
 regularity, or method. 
 
 IMMETHO'DICALLY, Adv. in an ir- 
 regular manner. 
 
 IM'MINENT, Adj. [Fr. mtninens, Lat ] 
 hanging over one's head j threatening; near j 
 applied always to fomething ill 
 
 To IMMI'NGLE, V. A. to mingle, mix, 
 or unite. '■ Purity an J peace zV^K/ffg-Zf charms." 
 Ihomf. Seldom ufed, 
 
 IMMl'SCl BLE, Adj not capable of being 
 mixed. A word ufed by t!ie author ofClariJJa. 
 
 IMMI'SSION, S. {hu^.f^ro, Lat.J the aft 
 of fending in, oppofed to ennjjicn. 
 
 To IMMIX, V. A. to mix together ; to 
 join or unite. " With thefe ;;,\-/'i<xf." Milt. 
 
 IMMIX'AQLE, Adj. [iron, iiimlx'] not to 
 be mixed together. " Liquor of the fame co- 
 " lour, and immixulik." Pl'^jlkins. 
 
 IMMOBI'LITY, S. [immobmte, Fr. from 
 immobiliSi Lat. j a (jnality of body, whereby 
 
 I M P 
 
 it is rendered incapable of motion ; a Hate of 
 reft. 
 
 IMMO'DERATE, Adj. [mwoderatus.'LzK, 
 iwniodere, Fr.j exci..1ivc j exceeding due 
 bounds. 
 
 LMMO'DERATELY, Adv. in an c%ct£- 
 five degice or manner. 
 
 1MMODERA'TION,,S. [Fr.J want of 
 keeping to a due mean ; excefs. 
 
 IMMO'DEST, Adj. [bmr.odefte, Fr.] un- 
 chalte, orinconfiftentwith modedy; obfceue. 
 
 IMMO'DESTY, S [imtnodejiee, Fr.J want 
 of modefty, or of regard to chaflity and de- 
 cency. 
 
 To IM'MOLATE, V. A. [immolatus, of 
 imnrola, Lat. immder, Fr.] to facrifice, or kill 
 in facrifice. 
 
 IMMOLA'TION, S. [Fr.] the a<ff of fa- 
 crificing, or killing as an offering to God ; 
 the thing offered in facrifice. 
 
 IMMO'RAL, Adj. inconfiflent with, or 
 contrary to the laws of morality j bad or un- 
 jult. 
 
 IMMORA'LITY, S. an aftion incon- 
 fiftent with our duty towards men j want 
 of virtue. 
 
 lALAIO'RTAL, Adj. [immortaUs, Lat.] 
 not capable of dying ; living for ever ; never 
 ending ; per»eti:al. 
 
 IMMORTALITY, S. a Rate which has 
 no end ; an exemption fmm death ; that 
 which makes inimortal. " Quixd hnmorcrjity 
 " and joy." Par. Loji. 
 
 IMMO'RTALLY, Adv. fo as never ta 
 die ftr ceafe. 
 
 ToIMMO'RTALIZE, V. A. [immena- 
 lifer, Fr.] to make immortal ; to perpetuate,, 
 or ni.^.ke the fame of a perfon endlefs. 
 
 IMM'ORTALLY, Adv. without death ; 
 without ceafing or ending. 
 
 IMMOVEABLE, Adj not be forced from 
 or t.ikcn out of its place ; not to be fhaken or 
 affecfred. 
 
 IMMO'VEABLY, Adv. in a ftatc not to 
 be ftaken or afle(fted. 
 
 JMMU'NITY, S. [en:mi:nite,Vr.i:-n7nur.itJs^ 
 Lat.] difcharge from any duty or obligation. 
 
 To IMMU'RE, V. A. [enmurer, old Fr.] 
 to inclofc within a wall j to imprifon j to 
 confine. 
 
 IMMU'RE, S. awallorinclofurc. " With- 
 " in whofe ftrong w.wz^rfs.'' Shak, 
 
 IMMUTABl'LITY, S. [mmutahilite, Fr. 
 of imi?:utabiiitas, Lat.J freedom from change 
 or alteration. 
 
 IM-MU'TABLE, Adj. not fubjed to 
 cluiBge or alter. 
 
 IMMU'TABLY, Adv. without altering or 
 changing; in a manner not fiibjeift toch-juge 
 or alter. 
 
 IMP, S. \in^p, Brit.] an inferior devil ; an 
 emiflary of the devil. 
 
 To IMP, V. A. [iwpio, Brit.] to lengthen 
 by the addition of fomeiliing elfe. " Iwp out 
 " ourdroopen country's broken v^'ingi." Shuk. 
 
 To
 
 I M P 
 
 To IMPACT, V. A. [jmpaFlus, oVimp'in}ro, 
 Lat ] to drive, or force theparticlfs of a body 
 clofcr togptlier. 
 
 To IMl^AFR, V. A. [fwpirer, Fr.] to 
 ledtn ill dcgrc;, quality, <]u.uiticy, or worth ; 
 to diniinil'h ; to injure 5 tomakeworfe 
 
 I M P 
 
 an liindrance, orobftacle. " March on to 
 " Calais without ivipejchnietit." Slak. A pub- 
 lic acciifation or charge of being guilty of 
 fome Clime. 
 
 To IjMPE'ARL, V. A. to adorn with 
 pearls; to adorn witii fomethiiigTcfcmbling 
 
 IMl'Al'R, S. a decay, or decieafe ; lofs of j pearls, 
 power, degree, or quality. I To IMPE'DE, V. A. [impcdio, Lat.] to 
 
 IMPAl RMENT, S.adecay; injury ; de- 1 hinder ; to (top. 
 
 Cay of ftrfn'jfh. 
 
 IMPA'i.PABLE,Adj.rFr.]not to be felt, 
 or perceived by the ti^uch. 
 
 To IMPA'RADBE, V. A.^intparodifire, 
 Ital.] to render as happy as tiie (late of para- 
 dife is Aippofed to be. " Imparadii'd in one 
 •' another's arms." Par. Left. 
 
 IMPA'RITY, S. diff roport'on ; tbeexcefs 
 of t'jvo things compared together ; oddnefs. 
 
 To IMPARK, V. A. to feparate from a 
 common j to make a park of ^ to inclofe with 
 a park. 
 
 To IMPA'RT, V. A [[h-parthr, Lat.] to 
 £i-ant, give, or communicate a part. 
 
 IMPA'.'tTIAL, S. juft; whhout any bias, 
 or undue influence. 
 
 IM PARTI A'LITY, S. {mpartiante, Fr.] 
 the aft of uiftributing julHce without any bias, 
 or undue infinc:ice j itricf jullice. 
 
 IMPA'RTIALLY, Adv. in a manner free 
 
 from any h'-"*- 
 
 IMPA'RT[BLE, Adj. [Fr] thnt which 
 may be communicated or bellowed in part; 
 Nvithout parts. 
 
 IMPASSABLE, Adj. not to be paflsd 
 
 IMPASSISI'LITY, S. [mipjjjub'dite, Fr.] 
 rhe quility or privilege of not ocing fubjea 
 to external injui V or fufferings. 
 
 TMPA'S^IBLE, -A.lj. [Fr.] incapable of 
 ruffering injury or pain. 
 
 IMPA'SblON'EO, Adj. fcized, or inflamed 
 with pa(fi<m. " '1 he tempter ail iuipujjlcncd:' 
 far. Loft. 
 
 IMPA'STED, Adj. covered with parte. 
 «• Bik'd and vr.pofted.'" Shah. 
 
 IMP.-VTIENCE, S. [ Fr. J inability of fuf- 
 ferintr pain or delay wlthout^complaint. 
 
 IMPATIENT, Adj. [ Fr. of impatk'>.s, 
 Lat.] not able to endure or bear delay, pain, 
 or any other inconvenience, without com- 
 plaint ; vehemently agitated by padion ; eager. 
 
 IVtPA'TIENTLY, Adv. with great m- 
 teniencfs, application, or ardour. " He con- 
 •' tdeicd one thing Co iKpatientiy." C/arend. 
 With great cagerntfs, or longing defirc. 
 
 To EMPA'WN, V. A. to give aperfon as 
 an hoftage, or a thing as pledge and lecurity, 
 for the performance of certain conditions. 
 
 To IMPE'ACH, V. A. [pronounced in 
 this word, and its deiivatives, hapccch, of iw- 
 peccer, Fr.] to hinder. In Law, to accufe a 
 perfon of being guilty of a crime. 
 
 IMPEA'CHABLE, Adj. worthy of being 
 found fault v.ith; accufible. 
 
 IWPEA'CHMENT, S [e>f:pechmM, Fr.] 
 
 IMPE'DIME.^JT, S. [mpcdimentum,^!^^.] 
 an hindrance, obdaclc, or motive which ren- 
 de s the perforjnance of a thing difficult or 
 impofii!)le. 
 
 lo IMPE'L, V. A, \hnpello, Lat.] to 
 drive on; to make a thing move; to aft upon 
 with force. 
 
 IMPE'LLENT, S. [htpelhrts, Lat.] a 
 power which acts upon any thing with force. 
 
 To IMPE'ND, V. N. [impendco, Lat.] 
 to hangover, tlireaten, or be near: generally 
 applied to fome evil. 
 
 IMPE'NDEMT, Adj. [Impcndem, Lat.] 
 fuf'pended or hanging over ; very near. 
 
 lIVIPc.'NDENCE, S. the flate of hanging 
 over, or being nea-.-. " The impendence of a 
 " nrester or fcnfible evil," Hiile. 
 
 IMi'ENErRABI'LITY, S. [hrpenctrabi- 
 Hte, Fr.] the qu dity of not being picrceable. 
 Hardnefs, or a flate not fufceptible of tender 
 affcftions, applied to the mind. 
 
 IMPE'NErRASLE,, Adj [Fr. irtpencfra- 
 Inlis, Lat.] not to be pi; reed or entered by 
 any outward force ; not admitting to enter. 
 Not be known or difcovered, applied to 
 things and pcrions. Not to be moved, or 
 affected, applied to the mind. 
 
 IMPE'NETRABLY, Adv. with fo much 
 hardnefs as net to give entrance to any thing 
 driven by external force. Not to be removed 
 by inllru£lion, applied to defefts of the un-* 
 derflandirg. " IiiH-:netrabh dull." Pope 
 
 IMPE'NITENCE, orlMPENITENCY, 
 S. [impenitence, Fr.] a (tate of mind wlieiein 
 a perfon continues in lin, without ;inyforrow, 
 or fenie of divine !oveor mercy. 
 
 IMPE'NITENT, Adj [Fr.] not grieving 
 or repenting of fin. 
 
 IMPE'NITENTLY, Adv. witliout re- 
 pentance, or (hewing any forrow of hn. 
 
 IMPE'NNOUS, Adj. without wings. " Im- 
 pcr.cus infers." Browne. 
 
 IM'PERATEjAdj. [miper^t!.s, l-nt.] done 
 v\ itl I con fciaufnefs, or the dire<!lion of the will. 
 " Jmperate affs." Hal;. 
 
 IMPERATIVE, Adj. [hnperafhw, of ;w- 
 tcro, Lat.] commanding, or exprefling com- 
 mand. The imperative mood in Englilh is 
 formed cither with auxilliary words, implying 
 a command, requeft, orpenuiflion, or by put- 
 ting the woid after the verb, which in other 
 moods comes before it. Thus Peter runs, is 
 the indicative ; but run Peter, or ut Peter run, 
 is the imperative. Let is prefixed only to the 
 third peifon fmgular; and to the fiill and 
 
 third
 
 I M P 
 
 third perfons plural ; as, let him hear j let us 
 tegard ; let them repent. 
 
 IMPERCR'PTIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to 
 he Teen or perceived either by the mind, eye, 
 or other fenfjs ; very imall or minute. 
 
 IMPEKCE'PTIBLENESS, S. the quality 
 of not being perceived either by the mind or 
 fehfes. 
 
 IMPERC^-'PTIBLY, Adv. in a manner 
 not to be perceived either by the mind or 
 fenfe?. 
 
 IMPE'RFECT, Adj. VtmpcrfeEius, Lat 
 in:parftiit, Fr.] not quite fini-Oied ; not com- 
 plete; wanting fomething ; defe£live ; fraih 
 IMPERFE'CTION, S. [Fr.] a defeift, 
 faihjre, or fault, whether natural or moral. 
 
 IMPE'R FECTL Y, Adv. not fully or com- 
 pletely ; with dcfect-s or failure, 
 
 IMPE'RFORABLE, AJj. not to be bored 
 through. 
 
 IMP'EPs.FORATE, AJj. not pierced or 
 bored through ; without a hole or cavity 
 running through. " Sometimes children are 
 *' born iffiprrjorate." Sharp. 
 
 IMPE'R I A L, Adj. I Fr. of impenalis, Lat.] 
 polTefled of tlie ftate of an emperof or em- 
 prefs ; higher than royal, though fiimetimes 
 ufed for it. Iwperial paper, is a large kind of 
 fine writing paper. 
 
 IMPE'RIALIST, S. a perfon who is a 
 ilibjeifi: to the emperor of Ger.many. 
 
 IMPE'RIOUS, Adj. [Imperieux, Fr. hrpc- 
 riofiis, Lat.] commanding in an haughty and 
 infolent manlier; overbearing; powerful; 
 proud. " Vaft and iwpcrkus mind.'* Tillotf 
 
 LMPE'RIOUSLY, Adv. with pride of au- 
 thority ; in an infolent manner. 
 
 IMPE'RIOUSNES.S, s! the exercife of 
 authority; a haughty, rigid, and infolent 
 ftretch of power and command. 
 
 I M PE'R ISH AB LE, Adj [imperifahk, Fr ] 
 not to be dellroycd by force, or impaired bv 
 time. 
 
 IMPE'RSONAL, Adj. [mperfcnel, Fr. m- 
 ferfcnalh, Lat.] in Grammar, ufed only in 
 .the third perfon lingular, or not having all 
 the perfons, applied to verbs. The Englifh 
 imperfonai is borrowed from the Saxon, and 
 isexprefled by /Vbefor'" the verb, as "/? thun- 
 " dercd ; huyt thunrode, Sax.'" Befides which, 
 ■we fometimes exprefs this verb by cr.e, as, 
 " One told me. One had better.'" 
 
 IMPE'RSONALLY, Adv. in Grammar 
 after the manner of a verb, which is not 
 ufed in all tlie perfons. 
 
 IMPE'RTINENCE, or IMPERTINEN- 
 CY, S, [Fr. 1 that which has no relation to 
 the matter in hand ; folly, or rambling 
 thought; troublcfomenefs, arifing from not 
 talking to the purpofe, or from intrufion j a 
 tnfie. 
 
 IMPE'RTINENT, Adj. [Fr.] of no re- 
 lation to the matter in hand ; of no weit^ht , 
 froubl.fome by enquiring into things which 
 in not conccin aperfouj fvjolilh ; trifling. 
 
 I M P 
 
 IMPE'RTINENT, S, a perfon who is 
 troublefome by enquiring into, or meddling 
 wi h things that do not concern him 
 
 IMPE'RTINENTLY, Adv. without re- 
 lation to the matter in hand ; in a trouble- 
 iome manner, by enquiring into things that 
 do not concern one. 
 
 IMPE'RVIOUS, Adj. [bnper-z.ius, Lat.] 
 not to be pierced or penetrated j not accefn- 
 b.e. ^ " A river's mouth hvpewious to the 
 " winds." Pope. 
 
 IMPE'RVIOUSNE.SS, S the ftate or qua- 
 hty ot not adnntting any pafligc or entrance. 
 
 IMPETRABLE, Adj. [Fr. hnparabms, 
 Lat. I pofTible to be attained. 
 
 IMPETRA'TION, S. [Fr. lr,:pctrath, 
 Lat.] the adt ot obtaining by prayer or en- 
 treaty. 
 
 IMPETUO'SITY, S. \\n,pctvoflu, Fr. of 
 ^mpetv.i, Lat.] excefs of (Irength, force, vio- 
 lence, or raoe. 
 
 IMPETUOUS, Adj. \)mpetnevr., Fr.' /«- 
 petu^, Lat.J violent ; fierce j furious : vchc 
 ment. 
 
 LMPE'TUOUSLY, Adv. in a violent or 
 furious manner 
 
 IMPE'TUOU.SNESS, S. violence ; fury 
 
 I'MPETUS, S. the force by which a body' 
 moves in any diredion after being impelled by 
 another ; a violent effort. 
 
 iMPrE r-Y, S. [impAae, Fr. w:p]et.is, Lat.] 
 aflatcofopen oppofition to the Iswsof God, 
 attended with want of reverence, and a nea- 
 lea of the duties of religion ; ungodlincfs*^- 
 irreligious. ' 
 
 To IMPI'NGF, v.. A. {hrfmgo, Lat.] to 
 fall or (frike againfl; fo clalh. 
 
 To IMPI'NGUATE, V. A. to fatten or 
 make fat. 
 
 _IM'PI()US,AJj. \w:p]u,,\.^t. /;;;/.;/, Fr.] 
 Without devotion ; without reverence' to God, 
 or religious duties. " 
 
 IM'PIOL'SLY, Adv. inaprophanc, wick- 
 ed manner. 
 
 IM'PIOUSNESS, S. See hnpiety. 
 
 IMPLACABl'LITY, S. | from in:p!acaLle-] 
 the quality of not being appeafedor reconciled 
 to a perfon that has offended usj irreconciie- 
 able cnmi'y. 
 
 IMPLA'CABLE, Adj [Fr o( hrphcaLUh, 
 Lat.] not to be pacified or reconciled. 
 
 IMPlA'CABLY, Adv. with malice or 
 anger not to be pacified. 
 
 To IMPLANT, V. A. to ptn a plant into" 
 the ground. Figuratively, to elhibiilh or fix,' 
 applied to themindj &c. 
 
 IMPLANTA'TION,S. theartof fetting 
 or plviting ; the atft of intioducing and fixing 
 in the mind, " 
 
 IMPLAU'SIBLE, Adj. not likely to feducc 
 or peifnade. 
 
 IM'l'LEMENT, S. [:mpk,i:cnt:m, Lat.| 
 any tool or inllrutuent belonging to mccbi- 
 nics. 
 LA:PLE'TI0N, S. [impktu,, Lat.] the aft 
 M, m of
 
 I M P 
 
 I M P 
 
 of filling, or the dale of a thing that is full IMPO'RTLESS, Adj. of no triomcnt or 
 *' A plc/itiful iinplcmn.'" Bjc. , confequcnce. " 0[ in.fortlejihuxthea." Sl^k. 
 
 liM'PLKX, Aclj. [ia^pkxus, Lat.] compU- \ Not in ufc. 
 
 catcJ ; conljflingof a variety or cliange J in- 
 tricate. 
 
 To IM'l'LICATE.V. A. [}>ffn>.atum,Uit, 
 of impiio, Lat.] to infolvi or involve. Figura- 
 tively, to einbai rafs or enl.inglc by variety. 
 
 lMt'LK:A' IION', S. [Fr. im/^iini/io, Lat. j 
 tlie Hate of a tiling whnfe parts arc kept toge- 
 ther by being folded over tach other, or W)- 
 tani^h'd j an uifcr».nce included in ju argu- 
 ment, hut not c.xpreded. 
 
 IMPLICIT, Adj. [mplkite, Fr. livflum. 
 Lit.] eniangied, or complicated with ; tacitly 
 comi-iilcd or undcrllood, and to be gathered 
 only by inference; rerting on another, or 
 taken ii,-" on the aulhoiity of another, with- 
 out any examination. 
 
 LMPLl'dTLY, Adv. by inference, be- 
 caulc included, hut not exprctTed ; without 
 ex.mihiaiioa ; or barely on the authority of 
 another. 
 
 To IMPLO'RE, V. A. [hr.phro, Lat. Im- 
 pLvef, Fr.J to entreat « ith prayers ; to afk or 
 be" wiih great earnellnefs and fubmiffion. 
 
 1 VI PLO'R EH , S. one that requeds or en- 
 treats '-"ith eafieft^cfs. 
 
 IMPLU'VIOLS^ Adj. [iwpluvius, Lat. J 
 Wit with rain. 
 
 To LM'PLY, V. A. ['mpaco, Lat. huplijuer, 
 Fr.] to include ao a confcc^ucjncc, but not in 
 exprefs terms. 
 
 To IMPOl'SON, V. A. \en:po'.Joner,Yy.'] 
 to 'kill with poifon. Figur.i'ivdy, to corrupt 
 or feduce. 
 
 IMPO'HTICor IMPO'LITICAL.Adj. 
 not ufi!;g foiecall; indifcrtct. 
 
 IMPOLVnCALLY, or IMPO'LITIC 
 LY Adv. without art, or difcretion ; with- 
 out guarding again ll the bad confcqueuce of 
 ana'ftic-n; impiudently. 
 
 fMPORO'bl FY, S. the quality of being 
 
 without pores or interlhces between the parts. 
 
 IMPO'ROL'S, Adj. free from pores or in- 
 
 terilices between its parts. " Ferfe<ftly folid 
 
 <' -AViA iirporout.'" R<JY. 
 
 ToIMPO'RT, V. A. [importo, Ldt.] to 
 
 liMPO'RTl'NATE, Adj. \!mpci-fut!us, Lat. 
 ':!f:poviur.:, Fr.] requefling with gieat earncft- 
 ucfs and frequently. Figuratively, not to be 
 repulfed vc dtr.ied. 
 
 LMPO'R 1 UN.4TELY, Adv. with incef- 
 fant ;jnd carnell rcqrefl. 
 
 IMPO'RTUNATFNF.SS.S.inceffantand 
 carncfl requeft, or falicitation. 
 
 To IMPORTLi'NE, V. A. [impoitunus, 
 Lat. impo!t!iuet, Fr.] to requcft with earneft- 
 iiefs and frequency; to teize or wear out with 
 incertaiitand e.irneft requeft. 
 
 IMPORTU'NELY, Adv. with earneftnefs 
 and frequency; troublcfoniely ; imfcafon- 
 ubly, I'r improperly. " Very Importundy 
 " urged." Sandcrf. 
 
 IMPORTU'N'ITY, S.[;w/)cr^;^;V, Fr. :«- 
 portuiiitiu, Lat.T earneft and inceiTant intreaty. 
 To IiMPOSF, V, A. [imp fir, Fr. ] to Ly 
 on as a burthen; to exaift as a puniflnnent ; 
 to enjoin as a law or duty ; to cheat or deceive. 
 In Printing to put the pages on the itone, and 
 fit on the chifes, in order to carry the forms 
 to prefs. In the Univerfities, to give a talk 
 us a punilhment for fome niifiemcanor. 
 
 IMJ'O'SEABLE, Adj. to be enjoined as s 
 law or rule. 
 
 IMPOSER, S. one who commands ; one 
 who lays any heavy fine or duty on another ; 
 one who cheats or tricks. 
 
 IMPOSI'TION, S. [Fr. mp"fitus, Lat.] 
 the aiff of laying or putting any thing on an- 
 other. " Impofit'wn of hands." llamrrord. 
 The aiff of giving or aili.xing. " hnfcfi&n 
 " of names." Canid. The commanding any 
 thing as a law or duty, " Your father's iir.' 
 '■'■ pffluloii.'' Shak. Conftraint or opprcdion ; 
 a cheat, trick, or impofture, 
 
 IMPO'S.SIBLE. Adj.[Fr.] not to be done, 
 attained, or pradtlfed 
 
 IMPOSSIBI'LITY, S. iimpojfibilitc, Fr.] 
 the (tate of being impra<fttcable, or beyond 
 any one's power to do j that wiiich cannot be 
 dr.ne. 
 
 IMTOST, S. [hipoft, Impot, Fr. 'inipofitum^ 
 
 bring goods uUo one country from another, [.at.] a toll; cuftom paid for goods or mer 
 applied to commerce. To implv.^^ mean, or chandize. Ufed in the plural, in Architec- 
 fipnify ; to produce as a eonfcquence. ture, for that part of a pillar, in vaults and 
 
 IMPO'RTi S. moment ; weig'.it, or con- jarches, on which the weight or ftrefs of the 
 fequcnce ; tendency. " A third of the fame i whole building beareth 
 
 *' 'irr.'^crt" Bcyli. Any thing brought from 
 abroad. 
 
 IMPO'RTABLF^ Adj. that which may 
 by law- be brought from abroad. 
 
 IMPO RTAKCE, S. [Fr.] the meaning or 
 fijini'icaiion of a word; a matter, riilije<ft, or 
 Ciff-iir ; eonfcquence, valu", or moment. 
 
 IMPO'RlANr, Adj. [Fr.] of great 
 w.ighr, moment, or eonfcquence. 
 
 mPORTA'TION, S. the ac't or pra^ice 
 «f hrinoing goocfs iut<3 one kingdom from 
 ..uolhcr. • • ., 
 
 To IMPO'STHL'RIATE, V. N. \?Tc.m. 
 rmpcftbuine] to form an abfeefs ; to gather, or 
 forrn a cyft or bag, apphed to matter. Neu- 
 lerly, to affli<ff with an impofthume. 
 
 IMPOSTHUiNlA'TION, S. the aft of 
 forming an abfeefs, gathering, or cyft ; the 
 ftate in which an impofihume is formed. 
 
 IMPO'STHUME, .S. a colkaion of mat- 
 ter in any pan of the body. 
 ' IMPO'STOR, S. [Inip'.JiLuy, Fr.l one who 
 deceives or cheats by airtiming a falfe chi»- 
 ra£ter. 
 
 IMPOS.
 
 I M P 
 
 I M P 
 
 TMrO'STURE, S. fFr. mpcftura, Lat.] 
 a cheat committei by ^iviii^ perlbnsor things 
 a chara(ficr or appearance which does n'at pro- 
 perly belong to them. 
 
 I'lMFOTKNCF., or I'MPOTENTCY, S. 
 wanfof power, cither of Lody or mind Rage, 
 including the idea of not being able to rellrain 
 h : incapacity to propagate. 
 
 I'lVlPOTENT, Adj [Fr. ;;7.;;o,v«, Lat.] 
 rotable, nor havin;r fufficicnt (trength toper- 
 form a thing, applied both to the mind and 
 body ; weak; difablcd by nature or difeale \ 
 without a power to reftrain. " Impotent of 
 *' tongue." Dryd. Without virility. 
 
 I'MEOTENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as fhews want of power. 
 
 To -JMPO'VERISK, V. A. {apfau-vrW, 
 Fr.] to make poor. To render unfruitful, 
 applied to land. 
 
 IMPO'VERISHMENT, S. want of riches, 
 mean and low circumftarrces. 
 
 TolMPO'UND, V.A to (hut up in a pound 
 or pinfold; to confine or clofe in a pound. 
 
 'io I M PO' W ER, V. A. See Em^^-oiucr. 
 
 IMPRA'CTICABLE, Adj. [Fr.j not to 
 be done or praiftifed 5 not to be governed or 
 managed. " That dzrce imp/ a&ical'U n-dtuic." 
 Krc'Ie:. 
 
 JMPRA'CriCABLENESS, S, impoffibi- 
 lity of performing or pra£li(ing^. 
 
 To I'MPRECA TE, V. A. [imbrecatus, of 
 hprecor, Lat,] to pray for evil to beUl one's 
 felf or others ; to curfe. 
 
 IMPRECATION, S. a curfe. 
 
 IMPRE'CATORY, Adj. containing wifhes 
 of evil, or cuiTes. 
 
 To IMPRE'GN, V. A. to make fruitful, 
 applied to women. To fill with, or make 
 fertile with any quaiitv, applied to things. 
 
 IMPRE'GNABLE, Ad].[:-nprcgnahk, Fr.] 
 not to be ftormed or taken, applied to forts. 
 Not to be Ihikcn, moved, or overcome, ap 
 plied to th^- mind. 
 
 To IMPRt'GNATE, V. A. [See 'mpregn] 
 to fill with young, or make fruitful, applied to 
 animals. To fuurate, fill, applied to fluids, 
 
 IMPREGNA'TION, S. the'aft of making 
 fruitful, applied to animals. The a(51 of fill- 
 ing with any qualit.y ; faLuration, applied to 
 liquors 
 
 To IMPRF/SS, V. A. [impreJTum, Lat of 
 imprlmo, Lat.] to print or mark by prefT'ure. 
 To force a perfon to enter 'ithcras a fuilor or 
 foldicr. Figuratively, to fix deep, applifd to 
 the mind. 
 
 IMPRE SS, S. a print or mark made by 
 preflure ; an effeft, a mark of dii^itjdtion, 
 charafter, or ftamp j the ad of forcing into 
 any fcrvice. 
 
 _ IMPRE'SSION, S. [Impreffio, Lat.] a mo- 
 tion which produces fome perception, applied 
 to the organs of fenfe, or the mind. The 
 acl of prelTing one body upon another ; a (lamp 
 iiV m.irk made by praTure j operation or influ- 
 
 ence. " Th^ mf>reJJio>is of Battery." Atierh, 
 An edition, or a number printed off at one 
 time, appl ed to books. ' 
 
 IMPRE'SSIBLE, Adj that which may he 
 prefFed ; liable to be forced into the fcrvice, 
 or prelled. 
 
 To IMPRI'Nr, V. A. [/;»/.W??:«r, Fr.] to 
 mark any fubftance by prciliire ; to ftamp 
 words on paper by means of types m print- 
 ing ; to fix in the mind or memory. 
 
 To IMPRI'SON, V. A. \r,r.pr\j%,mer, Fr ] 
 to confine in a prifon j to confine, reftrain, or 
 deprive of freedom. 
 
 IMPRl'SONMENT, S. \\r:pr\jonr.emer.t, 
 Fr.J the act of confining a perfon in priion j 
 the (iate of a perfon or thing under confine- 
 ment. 
 
 IMPROBAHT'LITY, S. Tfrom mprchahlc] 
 want of likelihood ; impodibility of being 
 provetl. 
 
 IMPRO'BAELE, Adj. [Fr. improhch\lls^ 
 Lat. ] unlikely. 
 
 IMPRO'BABLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as Cjunot be proved. " He fpcaks very im- 
 " prohatlyr Eo^le. 
 
 IMPRO'BU Y, S. \improh\un, Lat.] want 
 of honefty. 
 
 IMPRO'PER, Adj. {Inproprc, Fr. w:prc- 
 prim, l.at.] not fit or qualided ; not fuiied to 
 the ufe it is deligned for. 
 
 IMPRO'PERLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 fit or adapted to its end ; unfcafonabic; in an 
 inaccurate manner; in a manner inconiiftent 
 with rcafon, or the nature of things. 
 
 To IMPRCPRIATE, V. A.' to convert 
 anything public to private ufe ; to anog.ie, 
 or alTume as be onging to one's fclf. In Ca- 
 non Law, to transfer tlie podcfiionsof a church 
 into tlie hards r,f a layman. 
 
 IMPROPKIA'TION, S. the ftate of a 
 church benefice which is in the hands of a 
 layman. 
 
 IMPROPRIA'TOR, S. a laymnn, who 
 has the pofTeflion of the lands of the church. 
 
 IMPROPRi'ETY, S. [\^:proprUu, Fr.] 
 any thing which is unfit for the end it is af- 
 ligned, and unfuitable to the perfon tf) whom 
 it is applied ; sn application of a word in a 
 (enfe inconf!(ter,t with the rules of grammar, 
 
 1 o IMPRO'VE, V A. to advance or raifc 
 a thing from a bad ftate to one of greater per., 
 feftion ; to advance in goodnefs, or learning. 
 
 LMPRO'VABLE, Adj. [of mpr-.-ve^ ca. 
 pablc of being m.id'-- better, or of advsnciiig 
 tiom a good to a iKttcr ftate. 
 
 IMPRO'VABLENESS, S. capablenefs of 
 being made bettci. 
 
 IMPRO'VFABLY, Adv. in a mannerthat 
 admits of being made better, 
 
 liVIPRO'VEMKNC, S. the advancement 
 or progrefs of ::ri y thing from a good to a bet- 
 ter ftate; advarjc^-ment in learning. 
 
 IMPRO'VF.R, S. one who advance? iu 
 learning and g;?ci.'.efs, lA makes citha- him ■
 
 I M P 
 
 fcU" or any tiling clfebetter ; that which makes 
 any tluns; better. 
 
 ilMPRO'VlDKNCF,, S, {See Tm;>ro'v}Je.tf] 
 want of caution or tbrethouf^ht ; vvunt of tak- 
 ing fuch meafitres as might klTcn or prevent 
 any fntnrc calamity 
 
 IMPRO'VIDENT, Adj. [Im/'ioi'iJus, Lat] 
 rvithiHit any forefiwlit or caution, with refpe^^ 
 to any future circumllance ; without any re- 
 gard or prepiration for any future caj.imity. 
 
 IMl'RO'VIDKNTLY, Adv. without care 
 or caution to prevent or prepare againll any 
 futurecalamity. 
 
 IMPROVrslON, S want of forethought 
 or preparation to prevent oi-fupport any fu- 
 ture calamity. 
 
 IMl'RU DF:NCE, S. [Fr. ;»J/>'W. ';.'i.r, Lat.] 
 wanting judjinTent, caution, or a proper regard 
 for ourintcrclt, and the confeijusnces of our 
 acflions. 
 
 I'MPUDENCR, or I'MPLIHENCY, S 
 {mpudcnt'n7,'L-iX.'] want of mode'ly ; the qua- 
 lity of doing amill;, without any regard to the 
 opinion of others, or any feale ot the naiiuc 
 of tlie crime. 
 
 I'MPUDENT, Adj \impudf!!u Lat.] nor 
 alleoAid with Ihame for having done amifs ; 
 perfilVing in a fault with boafling ; wanting 
 modefty. 
 
 I'MPUDEMTLY, Adj in a (hamelefs 
 manner ; without modcfty. 
 
 To iMl'U'GN, V. A. [imfr'gncr, Yv.] to 
 att"iCk ; to oppofe cr contradict an aflertion. 
 IMPU'GNKR, S. one that attacks or op- 
 pnfes an opinion. 
 
 IMPUI'SSANCE, S. [Fr.] feeblenefs or 
 ■want of ftrength. 
 
 I'MPULSE, S \hnpu!fus, Lat.] the fliock 
 or force given and communicated by one bo- 
 As afting upon another; an influence, idea, or 
 iiK'tive atfting upon the mind ; an attack of 
 an ewemy. " Suftain the iw/>:i'l'e."' Prior. 
 
 IMPU'LSION, S. [im/>;////o, Lst.] the ac- 
 t",t)n of a body in motion on another body. 
 inHuence, applied to the mind. 
 
 IMPU'LSIVE, Adj [iw/«'//i/', Fr.] having 
 the power of moving or aifling upon. 
 
 IMPU'NITY, S. [impur.ki', Fr. imfumtas, 
 Lat.] freedom from punifliment ; exemption 
 from the punilhment due to crime,?. 
 
 IMPU'RE, Adj. \ impure, Fr. impurus, Lat.] 
 rot having that fanctiiy, virtue, or modefly 
 j-cqiiired by the laws of religion, or by the 
 Jiiftates of nature. Foul, muddy, or drofTy, 
 applied to liquors. 
 
 IMPU'RELY, Adj. with immodefly or un- 
 chafUty. With foulnefs, applied t.) liquors. 
 IMPU'RENF.SS, or IMPU'RI fY, S. want 
 of that regard to decency, chafk-nefs, virtue, 
 or holincfs, which our duty requires ; an aft 
 of unchaftity. Foulnefs, appli.-d to liquors. 
 
 To IMFU'RPLE, V. A. to make of a 
 pvu'plc colour. 
 
 LMPU'TABLE, Adj. [from inputc] that 
 
 I N A 
 
 which may be laid to a perfon's cliarge ; ac- 
 cufahle ; liable to be accufcd with a fault. 
 
 IMPUTATION, S. [Fr] the aftof char- 
 ging with ill ; cfnfure, reproach, or accufation. 
 IMPU'TATIVE, Adj. that whicha perfon 
 maybe accufed for; that which may be afcrib- 
 ed to another. 
 
 To IMPU'TE, V. A. {imputer, Fr. br.puto, 
 Lat.] to charge with ; to accufe, or attribute ; 
 to reckon as belonging to, or done by a per- 
 fon, though performed by another. 
 
 IMPU'TER, S. he (hat charges a perfon 
 
 with having done a thing; he who attributes 
 
 the merits or aiQions of a perfon to another. - 
 
 IMPU'TRIBLE, Adj. [,nr/.«.'Wi;7H, Lat,] 
 
 not able to putrlfy ; incorruptible. 
 
 I;V, Prep. [Lat.] applied to place, fignifies 
 where a thing is; applied to time, the period- 
 then exiftentjOr the (fate then prefcnt. Some- 
 times it denotes power. " Is not in man." 
 IJiihb. Tale. Rv, or for the fake of, ufed in. 
 folemn entreaties. " hi th? names of all the 
 " god^."'' Shak. For, apolicd *o caufe. "To 
 " fight /'/ thy defence." ^hak. In as much 
 implies, feeing that, or becaufe. 
 
 IN, Adv within fome places, oppofed tO' 
 ivltboui. Placed in fome particular (late. After 
 cotnc or go, it denotes entrance. Clofe, orhome, 
 applied to fencing. In, in compolition, has a 
 negative or a privative fenfc, from the Lat. in > 
 thus ar^allc denotes that which may be tilled, 
 inarable that which cannot be tilled ; before a 
 word beginning with r it is changed into r, as 
 ir-rcgular ; before /, into /, as il-kgal, and into 
 m before ;;.', and other confonants, zs immu- 
 tabk, imprjlabu', Scc. 
 
 INABl'LITY, S. want of power fufFicieut 
 for the performance of any particular adlioa 
 or defign, 
 
 INACCE'SSIBLE, Adj. not to be reached j 
 not to be come near or approached. 
 
 INA'CCURACY, S. [t'wm inaccurate] 
 want of ex liftricfs. 
 
 INA'CCURATE, Adj. wanting accuracy 
 1 or cxniflnefs. 
 
 INA'CTION, S. TFr.] cefTation from, or 
 forbearance of, aflion or labour. 
 
 INA'CTIVF, Adj. idle, lazv, fluggifh. 
 INA'CTIVELY, Adj. in a lazy, llugglfli 
 manner. 
 
 INA'CTIVITY, S. a flatc wherein a per- 
 fon ceafcs from labour or aiflion ; idlenefs ; 
 reft. 
 
 INA'DEQt'ATE, Adj not equal to the 
 purpofe ; diJeifiive. In..dc<^:<c!tc ideas are fi>cli 
 as are but a partial, incomplete, or imperfeifl 
 reprefentation of thofe archetypes to which 
 they are referred.' 
 
 IN .ADEQUATELY, Adv. defeftively j 
 impcrfeiflly ; incompletely. 
 I NADVETITENCE, or INADVER- 
 TENCY, S. \i-iain'ertc!icc, Fr. ] want of care, 
 attention, orleliberation ; an aiff, or the ef- 
 fect of negligence or inattention.
 
 I N A 
 
 I N C 
 
 TNADVER'TENT, AA], wiihout care or i inga peifon with the title or honour of a king 
 
 attention ; negligent, 
 
 INADVE'RT£N' rLY, Adv. in a care- 
 lefs or negligent manner; without attenti&n 
 or deliberation. 
 
 INA'LIENABLE, Adj. that cannot be 
 transferred or made ov'er to another. 
 
 INM'LLMEMTAL, Adj. affording no 
 nourilhment. " Things inaHmc7ital to be- 
 " come alimental " Bacon. 
 
 IInAMI'SSaBLE, Adj. [Fr.J not to be 
 loft. " Thefe advantages are inani'JJuile.''' 
 llan:r,:o'd. 
 
 INA'MORATO, S. a rapturous lover. 
 
 INA'KE, Adj. \h:anh, Lat.] void of mat- 
 ter. LTed uii)flantively for fpace or extent j 
 void of matter. " In the great inane." 
 Locke. 
 
 INA'NIMATE, or INA'NIMATED, 
 Adj. \oi iniin'w.at'.;^., Lat.] void of life; not 
 a<rtuaLed by a foul. 
 
 INANITION, S. [Fr.j emptinefs; ap- 
 plied to the velTels of an animal, when want- 
 ing their ufual fulnefs. 
 
 INA'NITY, S. emptinefs J fpace void of 
 matter. ■ 
 
 INA'PPETENCY, S. [of /« and j/.;>f/«;- 
 ft-<7, Lat.] in Ivledicine, want of Itomach or 
 appetite. 
 
 INA'PPLICABLE, Adj. not proper for a 
 particular ufe; not iiaving any relation to a 
 Uibjeift or difcoiuie. 
 
 JNA'PPLICATION, S. want of induflry 
 .in Lufinefs or (ludy ; want of attention. 
 
 IN'ARABLE, Adj. not fit to be tilled or 
 plo-.ved. 
 
 To INA'RCH, V. A. in Gardening, to 
 grait by approach, or to ingraft one tree with 
 another tiiat (lands near it. 
 
 JNARTI'CULATE, Adj. llnarticu'J, Fr 
 
 or emperor.' 
 
 INAURA'TION, S. \]r,auratui, of inauro^ 
 Lat.J to gild or cover with gold. " Their in- 
 " i3i,7-rtC;5« or gildmg." Arbuth. 
 
 INAUSPi'elOL'S, Adj. iil-omened; un- 
 lucky; unfortunate. 
 
 INBE'JNG, S. exirting within a thing; 
 inherence. <' A fort of ir.hang in the fiib- 
 " (fance itfclf." Watts. 
 
 INBO'RN, Adj. born within ; innated ; 
 implaned by nature. 
 
 JNBRF/ATHED, Adj. breathed within. 
 Figurative'y, infpiied, or iiiluled by iiifpira- 
 tion. " Dead things witn /n^/ctj.'/LV fenfe." 
 
 Mnt. 
 
 IN'BRED, Adj. produced, bred, hatched, 
 or generated witliin. 
 
 'i"o INCA'GE, V. A. to confine in a C32;c; 
 to coop up or confine within any narro.v 
 fpace. 
 
 IXCANTA'TION, S. [of ;,vf«»mi^f,Lat.] 
 charms or enchantment. 
 
 INCA'NTATORY, Adj. dealing in, or 
 performing by enchantment or'magic. 
 
 To INCA'NTON, V. A. to unite to a 
 canton, or to a fcparate community. 
 
 INCAPABl'Ll FY, S. natural inabihty, or 
 feebiciicfs ; a legal difqualifieaiion 
 
 INCAPABLE, Adj. [Fr.] wantingpower 
 to apprehend, learn, or undcrfland, applied 
 to the mind. Not able to receive or per- 
 form ; rendered unfit ; diiijualified by law ; 
 not fubjedl or liable to. '♦ Incapable of fal- 
 " Hiood." 
 
 To INCAPA'CTTATE, V. A. to render 
 unable or unfit to perform any thing. 
 
 INCAPA'CITY, S. [inc.rpacin:, Fr.] want 
 of power of mind or body ; W4ntingany nc- 
 ccflary qualification, or the power of appri- 
 
 KOt uttered with fuch dilHndnefs, that the bending, learning, or underftanding 
 
 diiferent fyllablts may be perceived, as inhu 
 man fpeech, 
 
 INARTI'CULATELY, Adv. in a con- 
 fufcd manner, fo as the dif^inft fyllables can- 
 not be perceived in the utterance. 
 
 IN ARTICU'LATENESS, S. confufion of 
 founds; want of difliniftnefs in pronouncing. 
 
 JNARTIFl'CIAL, Adj. contrary to, or 
 inconf;f}ent with the rules of art. 
 
 JNARTIFI'CIALLY, Adv. without art. 
 
 INATTE'NTION, S. [Fr.j want of at- 
 tention ; negligence. 
 
 INATTE'NTIVE, Adj. without regafd- 
 ing or confidering a thing heard ; ncgledling 
 
 INCARCERA'TION, S, the art of con- 
 fining in prifon ; the date of impiilbnmcnt. 
 
 To INCA'RN, V. A. [hu-.in.o, Lat.| in 
 Surgery, to cover with fiirlh ; to caufe flcfh to 
 grow. Neutcrly, to lirerd lielli. 
 
 To INCA'RNADINE, S [Fr. hcanui- 
 clino, Ital.] to dye of a pale redorflefli colour. 
 
 To INC A'R NATE, V. A. liitcamutus, of 
 incarro, Lat.J to cloath or embody with flcfh. 
 
 INCARNA'TIOX, S. th e act of aiTuming 
 a body, applied in divinity to iliat act of Chrift 
 whereby he btcame man. In Surpci)', the 
 ft;ite of breeding (lefn, applied to wounds. 
 
 INCA'RNATIVE, Adj. [iucamalf, Fr.] 
 
 or dif regarding any thing that is fpoken to ! in Mi Jicine, that which produces or generates 
 
 us, or done m oar li^ht. 
 
 INAU'D1BLE,AJj. not to be heard j with- 
 out found. 
 
 To INAU'GURATE, V. A. ih:r.:'^Kra- 
 tus, o£ huiuguro, Lat] to invert in a fujemn 
 manner with any high honour, particularly 
 tkat of an emperor or king; to begin wiih, 
 ^ood omens ; to commence or bff^in. 
 
 L\AUGURA'TION, S. the aa of invell- 
 
 flefli. 
 
 T... INCA'SE, V. A. to cover, inclofe, o;- 
 wrap as in a c.ifc, 
 
 INCAl-.' I lOUS, Adi. carelefs, or heedlcA. 
 
 lKCAL"TlOUSLY,'Adv, without fufpea- 
 irg di'ccit ; unwarily ; hcedl£r>iy. 
 
 iNC'ENDIARY, S. [ircentiiarius, Lat.] 
 
 one who mnlicioufly and niit'uUy ftts town* 
 
 or liOiifrs rn fire. Figuritively, one who in- 
 
 "SI m 3 ti-imes
 
 T N C 
 
 I N C 
 
 fliilics factions ; one who caiifes commotions ] falling irfbefiJes the mainMc/ign ; hippcninj 
 
 in a flatc, or promotes qudircls between pri 
 Vate perfonSi 
 
 IN'CiNSE, S. [incenf ..}<!, Lat.] a perfume 
 offered up in facrifice, " The ;Bfer_/ecjf rams." 
 P/^L Ivi. !■;. 
 
 To IKCE'NSF, V. A. to kindle or pro- 
 voke the an;:;er of a perfon. 
 
 INCEN'SEMKN r, S. r3ge or anger occa- ] 
 {ioKcd by fume offence. I 
 
 INCE'NSION, S. [iru-cr.f:,, Lat ] the aQ of 
 kindling ; or the Ibte of being on fire 
 
 I.MC&'NSO'<, S. one who kindles anger, 
 or it^fl^mes the palHons. 
 
 INCENSO;-lY, S. theveflel in which in- 
 , cenfe or perfumes are burnt. 
 
 INCE'NTIVE, S. [jna'«^'c««, Lat.] that 
 which kindles, inflames, or provokes anger , 
 a motive, encouragement, or fpur to acftion. 
 
 IN'CE'NTIVK, Adj. adling as a fpur, mo- 
 tive, or encouragement. 
 
 INCE'PTION, S. [ir.-c^t'lo, Lat.] begin- 
 nin". " The i->;(\»^fzo>; of putrefaction.' Buc. 
 
 mCE'P > IV E, Adj. [!K:e}.-ti-vut, Lat.] that 
 which implies beginning. 
 
 IN'CE'PTOR, S. [Lat ] a beginner ; one 
 who learns hi.^ rudiments. 
 
 INCE'Ri ITUDE, S. [incertUuJo, Lat.J 
 want of ccrtiinty. 
 
 INCE'SS,\N I , Adj. [of w, negative, and 
 frjans. Lat J continually; wi:hout intcrmif 
 lion. 
 
 TNCE'SSANTLY, Adv. without ceafing ; 
 continually ; witliout intermifiion. 
 
 IN'CEST, S. [mcc-j'ie, Fr. ir.cefiurn, Lat.] 
 the Clime of criminal and nnn..tural com- 
 merce witU a perfon within the degrcfs for 
 
 h ddci^ i'^y the law. This formerly extended perfon to n^rion 
 
 or liable to befa'. 
 
 I'NCIDEN T, S. fomething that happcni 
 befides the main dehgn ; a caiualty, or unex- 
 pefted and unforefcen event. 
 
 I'NCIDENTAL. Adj. happening without 
 being forefeen, expected, or intended ; cafual. 
 
 rNCIOENTLY, Adv. occafionally j be- 
 fides the main defign ; by the way ; by the 
 bye. 
 
 To INCI'NERATE, V. A. to burn to 
 afhcs. " It doth innnerate and calcinate." Bac. 
 
 INCI'NER.ATION, S. the ad of burning 
 any thing ro afhcs. " Salts made by incimra- 
 •' ti?n/'' Bnylc. 
 
 INCIRCUJMSPEC'TION,S. want of cau- 
 tion. 
 
 INCI'SED, Adj. [ivcifus, Lat. huifcr, Fr.] 
 cut, or made by cutting. "The /nci/W lips.'* 
 I'/ijem. 
 
 INCrsION, S. [ir.dfio, Lat.] a cut, or 
 wound made by a fharp inflrument, generally 
 applied totl'iOle made by a furgeon. 1 he di- 
 vif'on of the particles of vifcous matter by 
 medicines. 
 
 JNCI'SIVE, Adj. [Ir-.cijlf, Fr.] having the 
 quality of cutting or fl'parating. 
 
 IMCrSOR, S. [Lat J a cutler. In Anato- 
 my, applied to one of the teeih in the forepart 
 of tlie mouth. 
 
 INCrSORY, Adj. [!>f;7-.;,r, Fr.] having 
 the power of cutting or dividing. 
 
 LN'Cl'iURE, S. {incijwa, Lat.] in Surgery, 
 a cut, aperture, or wound made with a Iharp 
 infli'ument. 
 
 INCITA'TION, S \ir.dtatio, Lat.] an in- 
 centive; an impuife ; a motive which fpurs a 
 
 tcth'- fcvtnth, but feems now contined to the 
 third. 
 
 INCE'.<iTUOUS, Adj. [inccjh-ux, Fr ],guilty 
 'of incell', or the kno'.vledj^e of a perfon with- 
 jn the degrees forbidden by law. 
 
 iNCE'o 1 UOUSLY, Adv. in an inceltuous 
 imnncr ; with an untvitural love. 
 
 INCH, S. I mce. Sax. unch, Lat.] a mea- 
 furc fuppofed equal to ihree barley corns laid 
 end to end; the twelfth part of a foot ; a 
 proverbial expreflion for a i'mall quantity ; a 
 ciitical or nice point of time. " We watched 
 *' you at :\n incb.^' ihai. 
 
 To INCH, V. A. to drive out, or force in 
 bv inc'nes. Figuratively, to give niggardly. 
 
 'iNCHO.VTlON, S. [indncitu.:, Lat J a 
 beginning. " The hrik inchoatiofi of ihcih." 
 Jla'e. 
 
 ■ ■ IMCHO'ATIVE, Adj. \ Incloa-ivc, Fr Ui- 
 c.bol-ati'vr.'!, Lat.] noting beginning. 
 
 To INCi'DF, V. A. Iwrido, Lat.] to cut, 
 applied in Medicine to acids or falts. 
 
 INCIDENCE, or I'NCIDENCY.. S. \in. 
 {■Jcti!,of inci-'o, Lat ] the direftion with V.'hich 
 one body (trikes or fails upon another. 
 
 rr;e'IDENT, Adj. [inna'ciis, Lar.] hap- 
 TttHHi:' without cxDCiStaticn or being forcfetn ; 
 
 To INCi'TE, V. A. [iKcito, Lat, wjfer, 
 Fr. ] to flir up ; to pufii forward in a defign j 
 to vi.'ge on ; to anitn.ite or encourage. 
 
 INCI'TEMENT, S. a motive which urges 
 a perfon to aftion. 
 
 IN rVlL, Adj. Jinnvi/h, Lat.] wantmg 
 the elegance of breeding; not behaving with 
 kindnefs. See Unchnl 
 
 INCIVI'LITY, S. ['wcMM, Fr.] want of 
 compLifanccj rudcnefs 
 
 INCLE'M, NGY, S. [lrc!e?fief!ce, Fr.] want 
 of mercy; cruelty, or ha«-fhn?fs of treatment. 
 
 INCLEMENT, Adj. not exercifmg mercy 
 or clcir.ency : cnrel; void of tcndernc-is. Fi- 
 guratively, fevere, or prodigiouf.y cold, ap- 
 plied to feafons or climates. 
 
 INCLI'NASLE, Adj. \ irc!it:iiol/is, Lzt.] 
 having a propenfity; willing; having a ten- 
 dency, or liable. 
 
 INGLTN.VI ION, S. [Inclwitlon^ Fr.] 
 tendency towards any point ; or the mutual 
 tendency w!iich two or more bodies have to 
 one .another; natural artnefs or fitnefs ; dif- 
 pdrition orpropenf'iy of the mind to any par- 
 ticular aflion. In Navigation, the tendency 
 or oireiflion of the needle or compafs to the 
 E. or \y. In Pharmacy, the ail of (looping 
 
 u.vclk-1
 
 I N C 
 
 a vcflei in order to pour a liquor out free from 
 its drtgs, Cilled likewilt drcantation. 
 
 JNCLl'NAJ'ORY, Adj. having the qua- 
 lity ot tcnoing to a particular point. 
 
 INCLINATORILY, Adj. obliquely; 
 with a greater tendency to one fide than ano- 
 ther ; with (bme de\i:itign from N. or S. 
 
 To INCLI'NE, V. N. [in^/w, Lst. iti- 
 cUner, Fr. ] to bend ; to Icjn ; to tend to- 
 wards any psrt. Figuratively, to be favour 
 ably difpc^ld to. 
 
 To INCLOI'STER, V. A. to Ihut up or 
 confine in a cloilter or monallery. 
 
 To INCLO'SIL, V. A. See Endofe. 
 
 To IN'CLOU'D, V. A. to darken with 
 .clouds ; to make d.nk ; to obfcure. 
 
 To INCLU'i-'E, V. A. [indudo, Lat ] to 
 inclofe, or flint in. Figurati\ely, to imply j 
 tocompriic, c-mprehend, or contain. 
 
 INCLl'^IVE, Adj. [inchjif, Fr. of in- 
 dufus, Lat. j inclofed ; contained ; compre- 
 hended in any fum or number. 
 
 INCLU'^IVELY. Adv. comprehending or 
 reckoning tlie thing mentioned. 
 
 INCOEXrSTENCE, S. the quality of not 
 exifling together. " The inccexijlcmc of dif- 
 " ferent ideas." Loike. 
 
 INCO'G, Adv. [contrafled from inc-gr.ito] 
 in a private manner ; in fuch a manner as 
 fhcws that a ptrfon would not be known. 
 
 INCO'GJTANCY, S. [imog-rr.min, low 
 Lat.] wiiHt of thought, or want of thinking 
 on the n.iture andconfcquences of cur a(ftions. 
 
 INCO'C;iTATlV£, Adj. wanting the 
 power of tliinking. 
 
 INCO'GNITO, Adv. See 7/;.-oe- 
 
 INCOHE'RENCE, or INCOHE'REN- 
 CY, S. wjut of being conne^eJ together, or 
 of dependence on each other ; inconfilttnce; 
 want of cohelion. 
 
 INCOHE'RENr, Adj. not following a.-; 
 a confequence; inconfillent ; without cohe- 
 fion. 
 
 TNCOHE'RENTLY, Adv. inconfinently: 
 inconfequcntialiv. 
 
 INCOMBU'STIBILITY, S. the quality of 
 not being confiinned by fire. 
 
 INCOM B U'ST I B L E, A dj . [incombujiibilh , 
 Lat.] not to be confumed by fire. 
 
 INCOMRU'STIBLENESS, S. the quality 
 of not being v.afted or confumed by fire. 
 
 I'NCOME, S. tl.-at wjiich an edate or pofl 
 produces \early ; the produce of any thing. 
 
 INCOMMENSURABl'LITY, S. [from, 
 ihconimt-njurahle] the (fate of one thing com- 
 pared to another, when they cannot both be 
 nieafured by any common meafure, however 
 fmall. 
 
 INCOMME'NSURABLK, Adj. not to be 
 rcdjccd to, or meafured by, any common 
 meafure. 
 
 JNCOrvIME'NSURATE, Adj. not admit- 
 ting a common meafure j bearing no propor- 
 tion to each oth.-fr. 
 
 To L\C<.)MI\IODATE, or LNCOM- 
 
 I N C 
 
 MODE, V. A. [incommodoy Lat.] to make 
 inconvenient; to be inconvenient to; to af- 
 teft with trouble. 
 
 INCOMAIO'DI0US,AJj.[.wcw;r6Aj,Lat.] 
 inconvenient ; vexatious or troublcfome. 
 
 INCOM!VIO'DIOL"SLY, Adj. inconvesi- 
 ently ; not fuitcd to ufe or neccllity j not at 
 eafe. 
 
 INCOMMO'DITY, S. ^irtccmmodh/, Fr. 
 inicmrr.odiras, hat.] an inconvenience; thjt 
 which arreift.<; a perfon wiih a llight unevifincfs, 
 without caufing any orrat injury. 
 
 INGO.MMUNfCAr.I'LlTY, S. [from h- 
 corrmuvkabk'] the quality of not being im- 
 parted to another. 
 
 INCOMMU'NUCABLE, Adj. n.ot to be 
 impaited, or made the common riuht or 
 pr'Bpeity of another ; not to be exprefled or 
 explained by words. 
 
 LMCOMMU'NICABLY, Adv. in a man- 
 ner not to be imparteil, or to become the 
 common quality or^iight of another; in fuch 
 a manner as cjnnot be exprefled or explained. 
 
 IN'CO.AIMU'NICATINO, Part, having 
 no commerce or intcrcourfe with another. 
 
 INCOMML'NiCATIVF, A.lj. rcferved. 
 
 INCOMPACT, or INCOMI'ACTED, 
 .'\dj. porous; loofe, or not having itspaits 
 clofcly and flrongly joined togciher. 
 
 INCO'MPARABLE, Adj fo excellent as 
 not to have any tiling like it ; excel'eni be- 
 yond competition. 
 
 INCO'Ml'ARABLY, Adj. beyond compa- 
 rifon or competition ; excellently. 
 
 INCOMPA'SSIONATE, Adj. void of pity 
 or tcndcrnefs ; not touched or jffi.rttd with 
 the miferies of another. 
 
 INCOMPATIBI'LITY, S. [from jVrc^v- 
 patiilc] the quality which renders a thing not 
 poflible to exilt, or to be reconciled with an- 
 oclur ; inconfiftency of one thing with an- 
 other. 
 
 INCOMPA'TIBLE, Adj. {incon,f>ati!>k, 
 Fr.] impolTible to fubfilt with fnmething elfe ; 
 inconfiltent with fomething elfe; irreconcile- 
 able. 
 
 IN'COMPA'TIBLY, Adv. inconfiftently. 
 
 INCO'MPETENCY,S.],n<',r,/,./f«ff, Kr | 
 inabihty. In Law, want of a proper qualifi- 
 cation. 
 
 INCO'MPETENT, Adj. not fufficienr, or 
 not proportionate to an undertaking. In 
 Civil Law, not having aright or qualification 
 for the performance of a thing. 
 
 IKCO'MPETENTLY, .-idv. unfuitably ; 
 in fuch a manner :t,s rot to be proportion --tc tg, 
 
 INCOMPLE'TE, Adj. not perfcft or fi- 
 nilhed. 
 
 INCOMPLF/TENESS, S. impcrfe(f\ion ; 
 the flate of a thing which is no; hiiinied 
 
 INCOMPLI'ANCE, S. obtlinate or un- 
 tra^ablenefs of temper j want or refufui of 
 compliance. 
 
 INCOMPO'SED, Adj. dirtutted, or dii'jr- 
 dered. 
 
 M m 4 !\TOM-
 
 I N C 
 
 TNCOMFOSSIBI'LITy,S the qualify of 
 not being joined or e:.ifHng together with 
 Ibmethins elfe ; inconfiltency 
 
 INi. OM':'0'SSIBLE, Auj. not pofiible at 
 one and the fame time, or in one and the 
 fame fiihjeft. 
 
 INC.OMPR.rHrNsIBrLITY, S. \incom- 
 p> ehenf.olli;?\ Fr.] the quality of not l->ein(» -er- 
 fcctl\ or adequately connpreliendeJ by the mind 
 thouq;h it may ue cinccived imperte^iy. 
 
 IN'.OMPRi HrVNSIBLE, Adj. not to 
 be fully or peifcclly underftood or compre- 
 hended 
 
 INCOMPR^HE'NSIRLENESS, S. the 
 qmlity of not hting comprehended. 
 
 INCOMPR'^'SSIBLE, Adj. fFr.] not 
 capable of being pte{Ted or fqueezed together 
 into a narrower rnnipars. 
 
 IM( OMPKRSSIHI'LITV, S impodibi- 
 lity of being prefTed or fqueezed into a lefs 
 fpuce. 
 
 IMCONCE'AI.ABLE, Adj. not to be bid, 
 or kep' fccret. " 1\\clr.coviedlabk imperfcc- 
 •' tior.s." Brc-^vr.. 
 
 IKCONCE'lVAELE, Adj. not to be con- 
 ceived or apprehended by the mind ; that of 
 which we can f.irm no notion or idea. 
 
 INCOMCK'FVABLY, Adv. in a manner 
 beyond the npniehenfion of the mind. 
 
 INCONCE.VTIBLE, Adj. not to be con- 
 ceived or comprehended by the mind. 
 
 INCOMCLU'DE.vT, /*dj. not conclnfive; 
 not inferring a confequencc. " single, '"- 
 " ccrcludcm" Axlif. . 
 
 IN'CONCLVSIVF, Adj. not forcing any 
 afTcnt of the mind, or containing any forcible 
 fvidf-nce. 
 
 INCOKCLL''SIVENES«;, S. want of 
 ftrength oi reafoning fufficient to prove a 
 thing, or gain the aflent of the n-ind. 
 
 INCONCO'CT, or INCONCO'C TED, 
 Adj. fof in, cor. and coEim, Lat.] in Surgery, 
 rot ripened cr digcfted. 
 
 INCONCOCTION, S. in Medicine, the 
 ftatc of being crude, indigefled, or unripe. 
 JNCONCU'RRING, Adj. not concurring. 
 INCO'NDITE, Adj. [inccndltus, Lat.] ir- 
 regular ; rude ; unpoljQied. " Carol Incon- 
 " dlf rhime.s." Philips. 
 
 INrCONDI'TIONAL, Adj. without re- 
 ftrii.'lion, limit.Ttion, or condition. 
 
 INCO'NGRUENCE.S. want of fitnefs or 
 fuitnb!en?fs. 
 
 IN'CONGRU'ITY, .*;. [inro^gruiic\ Fr.] 
 tinfiiii.!!.lcn<n; of one thing to another j in- 
 conHrtence; impropriety; abfiirdity. 
 
 IN'CO'NGRUOUS, Adj. [ivccr.giu, Fr.] 
 unAi'tablc ; inconfiflcnt ; nbfurd. 
 
 INCO'NGRUOUSLY, Adv improperly; 
 inconfiflertlv ; ahfurdly. 
 
 INC:0'NSC10NABLE, Adj. void of the 
 f-nfe rf good .md evil; without any remorfe 
 of fonff icnre. 
 
 INCON.^FQUENT, Adj. without a jufl 
 ponclufjon; without a regular inference. 
 
 I N C 
 
 IN'CONSI'DERABLE, Adj. unworthy of 
 notice ; inbgnificant ; of no importance. 
 
 IMCONSl'DERABLENES>, S. want of 
 naerit, worth, or iignificancy j want of im- 
 por'ance. 
 
 INCONSI'DERATE, Adj. [ineonfiJeratus, 
 Lat.] without regarding the nature or confe- 
 qucnees of our actions ; carelefs; ralh. 
 
 INCONSI'DEkATELY, Adv. in a neg- 
 ligent, thoughtlefs. or carelefs manner. 
 
 INCONSl'Di-RA lENFSS^ S. want of 
 thought ; want of regard to the confequcnccs 
 of cur aftions. 
 
 INCONfSIDERA'TION, S. want of 
 thought; r^flmefs. 
 
 IKCONSI'sTING, Part, not fuitable to, 
 or agreeing with ; not confiftent or compa- 
 tible with. 
 
 INCONSI'STENCF, or INCONS'IS- 
 TENCY, S. fucli an oppofition between 
 propodtions, th.it one implies the denial of 
 the other; fuch contrariety of qualities that 
 both cannot fubfill together ; incongruity ; 
 unfleadinefs. 
 
 INCONSI'STENT, Adj. not to be recon- 
 ciled with. " Jncor.jijl-r.t with juflic ." Clarend. 
 So contrary, that one i.mplies the denial or 
 dc(lru(flion of the other, applied cither topro- 
 pofitions or qualities. Abfurd. 
 
 INCON'SrSTENTLY, Adv. ahfurdly ; 
 unrcfonably ; with felf-contradiftion ■, in a 
 manner oppofite cr incompatible with any 
 thing elfe. 
 
 INCON.SO'LABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be 
 comtoited. 
 
 INCON.SO'NANCY, S. difagreement with 
 itfelf ; not agreeing in found. 
 
 I.SCONSPI'CL'OUS, Adj. not to be feen. 
 " Jr.ccrfficucui bubbles." Bcyk. Not worth 
 notice. 
 
 IKCO'NSTANCY, S. [incorftarce, Fr. In-, 
 rcnftan'tia, Lat.] unfleadinefs ; a difpofition 
 of mind continually changing. 
 
 INCO'KSTAN 1 , Adj [inconJ}avs, Lat.] 
 not firm in refolution ; not fleady in affec- 
 tion ; varying in difpofition, temper, or con- 
 duct ; often changing. 
 
 INCONSU'MABLE, Adj. not to be 
 wafted. 
 
 INCONSU'MPTIBLE, Adj. [of in, and 
 conJ-n:pt:,5, Lat.] not utterly to be dellroyed 
 or wafted by fire, or other means. " Inccn- 
 " Jutnf-iii.'e lights." Di^by. 
 
 INCONTE'STABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to 
 lie difputed ; admitting no debate. 
 
 INCONTE'STABLY, Adv. in fo certain 
 a manner a.<; not to admit of doubt crdifpute. 
 
 INCONTI'GL'OL'S, Adj. not touching ; 
 not near. 
 
 INCO'NTINENCE, or INCO'NTINEN- 
 CY, S [ir.coitincniia, Lr.t.] not abllaining 
 from unlav. ful dcfires ; luft. 
 
 INCO'NTINENT, Adj. [incovtincm, 
 Lat.] uncliaftc, or not reftraining unlawful 
 dcfires. 
 
 a IN CON-
 
 I N C 
 
 INCO'NTINENTLY, Ady. uncliaftely; 
 ■without del i-y; immediately." ^^Incontinently 
 f^ I left Madrid." /Irtutb. 
 
 INCONTROVERTIBLE, Adj. fo plain 
 or certain as to admit no difpute. 
 
 INCONTROVE'RTIBLY, Adv. in a 
 manner fo plain or evident as to admit no dif- 
 
 INC0NVE'NIP:NCE, or INCONVE'Nl- 
 
 ENC\, S. unhtneiV, oruniuitablenefs. " The 
 " imon-jatknce, not the uiilawtulnefsot' popilh 
 " apparel." Hooker. Any thing which caufcs 
 imealinefs, or proves an hindranceorobftack. 
 INCONVE'NIENT, Adj. [F.] difadvan- 
 tageous ; unfit ; unicaionable. 
 
 INCONVENIENTLY, Adv. in a man- 
 ner not fit and fuitable ; iinfeafonably. 
 
 INCONVE'RSIBLE, Adj. rcferved 5 not 
 inclined to convcrruion ; not affable. ] 
 
 INCONVERTIBLE, Adj. not to be al- 
 tered or dunged. 
 
 INCONVL'inCIBLE, Adj. not capable of 
 being convinced, or tiTcei to alleat to the 
 trutli of a propolition, Quc 
 
 INCON vi'NClLiLY, Adv. incapable of 
 being convinced. 
 
 INCORl'ORA'LITY, S. [weorporalhe, 
 Fr. j not conlilting of body or mailer. 
 
 To INC'CyRPORATE, V. A. [mcorforer, 
 
 Fr. J to mingle diireient ingredients together \ 
 
 ru join tugeit.er inieparably j to form into a 
 
 . company, fociety, or body politic 5 to unite 
 
 or ailociate. , 
 
 INCO'RPORATE, Adj. not confifting 
 of m::tter or body ; innnatcrial. United to- 
 gLilicr by charter, appheJ to focicties or com- 
 muni ties. 
 
 INCQRPORA'TION, S. [Fr.] the union 
 ofdifFercnt ingredients; the formation of a 
 body politic, or the uniting ieveral pcrfons 
 together by charter, adoption, union, or af. 
 iociation. 
 
 IXCORPO'REAL, Adj.[;>fo/-/wW/r, Lat.] 
 not confiRing of matter or body j fpiritnal. 
 JNCORFO'Ri, ALLY, Adv. without body. 
 FNCORPORI'KTY, S. the quality of be- 
 ing void of, or diltinifi from body or matter. 
 To INCO'RPSF, V. A. to incorporate, or 
 unirc into one body. " As he had been in- 
 " cvpjed — with the brave hone." Shak. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 INCORRE'CT, Adj. not accurate or 
 nicely finilhcd ; imperfect; faulty. 
 
 INCORRECTLY, Adv. in a faulty or 
 imperfect manner. 
 
 JNCORRE'CTNESS, S. the quality of 
 having faults that are not amended. 
 
 INCORRIGIBLE. Adj. j Fr.] bad be- 
 yond the povVer of licing made better by cor- 
 rtdtion ; erroneous or faulty beyond hope of 
 jiinrn£tion or amendment. 
 
 INCO'KRIGJBLLNf-SS, S. the quality 
 of being obOinately bad. 
 
 INCO'RRlGIhiLY, Adv. bnd to fuch a 
 dcf^ito, as to leave no hopes of anicndment. 
 
 I N C 
 
 INCORRU'PT, or INCORHUPTED 
 
 Adj. free from any foulnefs or fm j of pure 
 and honefl manners j of integrity above the 
 power of bribes. 
 
 INCOkRUPriBI'LITY, S. the quality 
 of not being liable to decay or corruption, 
 
 INCORRU'PTIBLE, Adj [ Fr. fometimes 
 accented on the fecond fyllablej not capable 
 of decay or corruption. 
 
 INCORRLi'PTlON, S. f Fr.] a ftate free 
 from corruption or decay ; a ftate of integrity 
 beyond the temptation of bribes. 
 
 INCORRU'P TNESS, S. inviolable puri- 
 ty ; unlhaken integrity; unalterable hontfly; 
 freedom from decay, degeneration or cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 To INCRA'SSATE, V. A. [of ht, and 
 frfl//.7j, Lat.] to make thick, applied to li- 
 quors. 
 
 I INCRASS.VTION, S. the art of making 
 thick ; the ilite of growing thick, applied 
 to fluids. 
 
 INCRA'SSATIVE, Adj having the powrr 
 
 or qa.ility of making tliick, applied to fluid.;. 
 
 ■io INCREASE, V.N. [ir.aejco, Lar.J 
 
 to glow more in number, or greater in bulk , 
 
 to receive addition. 
 
 INCRE'ASE, S. the date of grovting 
 more, applied to number ; or of growing 
 greater, applied to hulk ; any thing v.hith is 
 added to the original flock ; gain ; produce. 
 INCRE'AStR, S. that which adds to the 
 number or bulk of things. 
 
 INCRE'ATED, Adj. not created. 
 INCRhDIBI'LrrY, S. [wacdiLi!h<r,Yv.'] 
 the quality of furpafling, or not being worthy 
 of belief. 
 
 INCRE'DIBLE, Adj. [btTrcdililh, Lat.j 
 furpafling belief ; not worthy of belief. 
 
 INCREDtJ'LITY, S. [;><.-r,vMV/, Fr.J the 
 quality of not believing, notwithftanding luf- 
 ticient proofs to derr^and aflent. 
 
 INCRE'DULOUS, Adj. [Incrcduhts, Lat.] 
 not believing, notwithftanding arguments luf- 
 ficient to demand alTent. 
 
 INCRE'l ULOUSNESS, S. See Incredu/lty. 
 IN'CREMEN r, S. [incremcntum, Lat.] the 
 a<ft of grcwing greater ; the caiife of growth; 
 produce. 
 
 INCREPA'TION, S. \tncrepatio, Lat.] 
 the aft of chiding for a fault. " Reprehen- 
 " fion and incnfations." ILnim, Not ill 
 ufe. 
 
 To lNCRU'ST,orINCRU'STATE,V.A. 
 \in<:riiJio, Lat.J to cover over with ahard Aib- 
 (tance or cruft ; to cover over with an addi- 
 tional coat of marble, fefc. 
 
 JNCRU'S f ATED, Adj. %cc Inciuflcd. 
 INCRUSTA'i ION. S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 covering a wall, or columns, with a lining or 
 coatin'f of marble, pottery, or flucco work. 
 
 INCRl^SfFD, Part, in Aichitefture, ap- 
 plied 10 walls or columns covered with feve- 
 ral pieces or flips of ibmc precious marble or 
 ftonc. 
 
 To
 
 I N C 
 
 I N D 
 
 To IM'CUBATE, V. N. [;«ttifl?ai, of ] IKCU'RVITY, S. \hcurvus, Ut.]crooy- 
 yxubo, Lat. ) to fit upon eggs. tdncfs, or the (late ot' bending inuaidi 
 
 INCL'BA'TlON, S. [i/u-fcZ/jo^, Lat.] the '- Tht: huuii'iry oia. dolphin." Bicivn. 
 jctot fitting upon e^gs to hatch them. JKDAGA'TION, S. a fearch in order to 
 
 IN'CUBUS, S. I Lut. ;nci^i», Fr.J in Phy- j diftover fomcthing unknown j tue a<fl of 
 fic, a diforder, called the night-nure, in i tr-cing. 
 vhich tile patient cannot flir himfclt, hut IND.AGA'TOR, S> one who endeavours 
 
 with tlie uimoll; difficulty ; is kizcd with a 
 numhnefs, fcnfe oi weight, with a die.id of 
 AiiTbcation of being f(]ucezed to Jcith, from 
 £)mc body which fccms to fall fuddenly upon 
 him. It confills of an inflation of the mem 
 braties of the ftomach, which hinders the 
 Kiotiijn ot" the diaphragm, lungs, pulfe, and 
 motion, attended with a fenfc of weight op- 
 preflmg tl;e breath. 
 
 To INCU'LCATE, V. A. [irfcukatusy of 
 irculco, Lat.] to imprefs on the mind by fre- 
 <juent admonitions ; to enforce by conllant 
 and inceflant repetitions. 
 
 INCULCA'TION, S. iheadof imprefling 
 by frec|Uc:nt admonitions. 
 
 INLU'LPABLP:, Adj. not to be found 
 fault with ; free from guilt. 
 
 INCU'LPABLY, Adv. in a miinner free 
 from guilt. 
 
 INCU'LT, Adj. [i-iiuhe, Fr.] not cultivat- 
 ed or tilled. " Forells huge //ji«/f." TLomf. 
 
 INCL'MBENCY, S. [oi ir.cumhcnt] ihe 
 aft of lying upon fomething ; the (Lte of 
 keeping, or being refidi in on, a benefice. 
 
 INCU'RIBFNT, Adj. {Incumber-, Lat.] 
 rerting, or lying upon ■■, impofcd or re^juired 
 as a duty. 
 
 INCU'MBENT, S [hmimben,, Lat.] in 
 Law, one who is in prefent poliedion of an 
 e.clellartical benefice. 
 
 To INCU'.MBER, V. A. [enc<m:hrer, Fr.] 
 to perplex, embarrafs, or hinder, by any im- 
 pediment. *' Incumbered with fome new de 
 " lay." Dn-d. 
 
 To INCUR, V. A [wcurro, Lat.] to be 
 come liable to punilTimcnt or blame. 
 
 INCURABI'LITY, S. [incuiaiilite, Fr.] 
 impolTible of being cured. 
 
 INCU'RABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be re- 
 moved or cured by any medicine. 
 
 INCU'RABLEN^ESS, S. the flate or qua- 
 lity of not admitting any cure. 
 
 INCU'RABLY, Adv. without remedy. 
 
 INCU'RIOUS, Adj. notconfideringathing 
 Avith attention enough to difcover its latent 
 beauties ; having no defire of feeingor know- 
 ing any thing new or ftrange. 
 
 INCU'RSION', S. [h:curfus, of incuno, 
 Lat.] a dangerous attack or a<i.,ult; an 
 
 to find out a tiling by tracing it to its origin. 
 
 To INDA'RT, V. A. to d:trtin. " More 
 " deep will I Irdart mine eye." ihak. 
 
 To INDE'B 1 , V. A. to charge with a 
 d.cbt ; to put under an obligation by confer- 
 ring a favour. 
 
 ]^\DE'BTED, V.A. to charge uith a debt; 
 to pm under an obligaiitft* by conferring a 
 favmir. 
 
 INDE'BTED, Part, under obligation for 
 fome favour received ; having received money 
 or goods for which a pcrlon is obliged to pay, 
 or give an equivalent. 
 
 LNDK'CENCY, .S. [iruhccrcc, Fr.] any 
 thing unbecoming the pcrfon who commits 
 it J an adtion unbecoming chaliity or good 
 manners. 
 
 INDK'CENT, Adj. [Fr.] unbecoming a 
 perfon's rank and charafter. 
 
 IN'DE'CENTLY, Adv. in a manner un- 
 becoming a perfon's rank or ch^raiftcr. 
 
 INDECl'DUOUS, Adj. in Botany, not 
 falling off or Ihedding. 
 
 INDECLI'NABLE, Adj. \indeclwahiln, 
 Lat. J in Grammar, not admitting any alte- 
 ratioRs in its lall i'yllable. 
 
 INDECOROUS, Adj. [IrJeccrus^ Lat.] 
 not becoming. 
 
 INDECO'RUM, S. [Lat.] an aftion imbc- 
 coniing the rank oi charafter of a perfon. 
 
 INDEED, Adv. really ; in truth ; with- 
 out doubt. " This limitation, irJccd, of 
 " our author." Locic. 
 
 INDEFA' riGABLE, Adj. [ir-.defatlgabilh, 
 Lat. J not exhautled or wearied by continual 
 labour; labouring as if never tiied. 
 
 INDEFA'TIGABLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as if never tired tv labour. 
 
 INDtFE'ASABLE.orlNDEFL'ISABLE, 
 Adj. not to be cut off, defeated, or made 
 void \ irrevocable. 
 
 INDEFECTIBI'LITY, S. [from indefec- 
 'Ule] tiie quality of being fubjeft to no decay 
 or defedt. 
 
 INDEFE'CTIBLE, Adj. [of ;«, negative, 
 and deUrius, Lat.j not li.ible to decay, dcfeft, 
 or failure. 
 
 INDE'FINITE, Adj [IrAfxhus, Lat.] 
 not detfrmined, ftttled, limited or refUain- 
 
 rode or invafion of a country not fimounting i cd. Jn (jrammar, not limited or retrained 
 to a concjucft. to any particuEr time, or ciict.mflar.ce. 
 
 INCURVA'TION, S. [ircur-vatm, oiln-\ INO r'FINlTELY, Adv. in an undetcr- 
 curt-o, Lat.] tlie aft of bending or making ! minate and loofe manner. 
 
 crooked. An humble bowing of the bodv 
 applied to religious worlhip. " Incurvtitkn 
 *' and facrifice." i: tilling fleet. 
 
 'lo INCJRVATE,' V. A. [wcur-vatui, of 
 i/.vi.i5, Lut.J to bend or makeciooked. 
 
 INDK.'F1NITL'DE, S. a quantity or num- 
 ber not limited by our underttauding, but yet 
 finite. 
 
 IN'DELI'BERATE, or INPELIBE- 
 R AT ED, Adj [iiJcuo^:, Fr J not premi- 
 
 ditaltd ;
 
 I N D 
 
 tiifateJ ; not done wiih, or after <lue,C0D(Jde- 
 Jiition. 
 
 INDE'LIBFRATENE^S,S. without ccn- 
 fideration ; rallinels; ruddenucfs. 
 
 INDFJLIBLK, Adj. [vJclalc, Tr. in^a'i- 
 hilis, Lat.J not to be eF.iCid or blotted out.: 
 not to be annulled or abrogated. 
 
 iNDt-'LlCACY.S wantofdeacacy; want 
 cf (.leganee, or a rigorous obfervancc of de- 
 cency. 
 
 IN DE'LTC'^.TE, Adj. wanting decency 
 INI.fcMMFICA'TION, fccurity again ft 
 any lofs or penalty ; reimLurrcmcnt or rcp.iy- 
 meut of lol.s or penalty 
 
 INDEMNITY, S. [IndiKnite, Fr.] fecuri- 
 ty ; or an exemption from punifhment. 
 
 To INDENT, V, A. i of in and dens, 
 Lat.l to form any thing in inequalities, like a 
 f*)w of teeth ; to cut in and out iike waves. 
 Neiiterly, to contradt, or bargain, 
 
 INDENT, S. an inequality ; a dent of a 
 waving furtace like thc.t of an indenture. 
 " Trent fiiali not wind with I'uch a deep ir.- 
 " dcrt" S/.:ik. 
 
 INDENT.\TION, S. an indenture or 
 Waving in any figure. 
 
 INDENTURE, .S. a covenant, fo called 
 becaufe the counterparts arc indented or cut in 
 and out, or in a waving manner over each 
 other. 
 
 INDEPE'NDENCE, or INDEPENDEN- 
 CY, S. [!ndej>enJarce, Fr.J freedom ; a ftate 
 in which a pcrfon or thing is not controlled 
 by, or any ways in the power of, another. 
 
 INDEPPl'N! SnT, S. a perlbn who in 
 religious affairs, holds thi.t every congregation 
 is a complete church, (uLije^ to no fuperior 
 authority. 
 
 INDEPE'NDENTLY, Adv. without re- 
 ference to, or connexion with, other things. 
 INDE'SKRT, S. want of merit. 
 INi'ES'TRUCTIBLE, Adj. impofiible to 
 be deitroyed. 
 
 INDETE'RMINATE, Adj. {'jndetermwe, 
 Fr.] unfixed ; not reftrained or limited to any 
 particulai time, circumftance, or meaning. 
 
 INDi J E'RMINATRLY,Adv.inaloofe, 
 vague, uncertain, or unfettled manner. 
 
 INDETE'R MINED, Adj. not fixed or 
 reOrainedto any particular time, circumftance, 
 or meaning. 
 
 INDETERMINA'TION, S. want of fe- 
 folution or determination 5 a ftate of uncer- 
 tainty. 
 
 INDEVO'TION.S.PFr.] want of ardour, 
 or zeal in reiii^ious worlhip. 
 _ INUEVOLT, Adj. [indc'vot,Tr.]notre- 
 ligious ; not zealous in tlie performance of 
 religious 'iities. 
 
 INDEX, S. [Lat j a difcoverer or pointer 
 out; the table containing the content.s of a 
 book, with the pages where they n;ay be 
 found ; a Ht'le ftile, or hand, which points 
 to the hour on the globe, or a dock ; a 
 hand cut out or painted on a poll to direct 
 
 I N D 
 
 travellers the way to any place. In Granitnar 
 and Printing, the figure of a hand with the 
 finger pointing ufcd to denote fomc remark- 
 ciLle pHlii<:>e in an author. ]n Arithmetic, a 
 figure which Oicws the number of places of 
 an jbf'jiure number of a logariihrn, and of 
 what n.iture it is. In AnaVomy, the fore- 
 fin f;er. 
 
 INDEXTE'RITY, S. want of readinefs 
 or h.indinels in performing a thin'^. 
 
 INT)1A beyond ti>e Ganges, lies betweea 
 the equator and lat. 37 deg, N. and l)etweea 
 loi.g. 92 and ]o6 dfg E. It h bounded by 
 I hibet and Boutan on tl;e N. bv'-'hina, Ton- 
 quin, and Chochin-China, on the £. by the 
 Jndian ocean on the S.and by the Hitlrcr In- 
 dia, the bay of Bengal, and itreights of Ma- 
 lacca, on to W. Its exteijt from N. to S. 
 is about 2026 miles ; but its breadth is va- 
 rious. 
 
 INDIAN, Adj. [from Lidla] belonging 
 to India. \!fcd iubftantivcly for a perlbn 
 born in the Indies. 
 
 IN'DIA PROPER, or the EAST-IN- 
 DIES, was anciirly bounded l,y tiie coun- 
 try of the SinjE on 'the W. and S. by the 
 Montes Knioui (.v^ the N. and by the I\)<>ntes 
 Damafii and the Meander on the E It had 
 alio the liver Indus on the W and the In- 
 diin i'ea on tiie S. into which it runs out by 
 two peninfu'as Its preient Ijoundaries arc 
 Ulbeclc 1 artaiy and I arbet on the N. another 
 1 hibet, the kingdoms of Afem, Ava, and Pe- 
 gu, on the F. the bay of Bengal and the In- 
 dian ocan on the S and the fame ocean and 
 Ptrfia on iheV7 being ubout 2043 miles long 
 from N. to S. and 141 2 b.oad from E, to W. 
 but the fouthevn part of the peninfula is not 
 312 in breadth. All the countries within this 
 extent arc lubjeift to the Great Mogul, and 
 lie between hit. 7 and 4c deg. N. and be- 
 tween long, 66 and 95 deg. E. It is often 
 called Inooflan, from the liver Indus on its 
 wcftern limits ; alfo Mogulltan, from the 
 imperial family which now pofleffcs the 
 throne, and delcended from 1 ameilane, a 
 Moriil '1 artar. '1 he F.mpercr Aureng zeelie 
 cnqucred Golconda, Vifiapour, and all the 
 (outhcm kingdoms of India, in the year 
 
 IN'LICANT, Adj Undkans, Lat. of .;«- 
 Jicc, Lat.j to fhew, difcovcr, or point ou*L 
 In Phvl:c, to point out a remedy. 
 
 INDICA'TION, S, (Fr. ii.ciw.uo, Lat.] 
 a mark, token, fign, or fymptom of fomc- 
 thing whicJi is liidden, or not plain of itfislf: 
 a dilcovery, or information of Ibmething 
 that «as not know, jn Medicine, a fymp- 
 torn difcovi-ring or directing what is to be 
 done to cere a diftemper. 
 
 INDl'CATIVE, Adj. {wdkatl-uus, Lat ] 
 fhev'.inq, dlfcovering, or pointing out. In 
 Graininar, tlie firft mood of a verb, v\hereiri 
 it expreiics afiirniati(in, denial, doubting, or 
 decluting. The Lnglilli i-.i.'iVtf/Wi' is formed 
 
 in
 
 I N D 
 
 in mofl of its tenfcs after the manner of the 
 Saxuns. 
 
 IML>rCATrVELY, Adv. in fucli a man- 
 ner as ilicws, declares, Jifcovers, or betokens. 
 
 IND'ICO, S. ablueilone brought from 
 India, ufed in dying, painting, ^c. 
 
 To IN'D'ICT, V. A. [pronounced /K^/J/f] 
 to charge a pcrfon witli a crime, by a writ- 
 ten accuiation, before a judge. 
 
 INDI'CTMPINT, S." a bill, or an accufa 
 don for an offence, exhibited unto jurors j a 
 bill, or declaration, made in form of law for 
 the benefit of the commonwealth. 
 
 INi.n'. TION, S. [Fr.] a declaration or 
 |)rochmation. In Chronology, a tycleor le- 
 volution of fifteen years, which, when ex- 
 pired, begins anew, ]t was begun in the 
 year 313, in commemoration ot the great 
 viilory gained by the emperor Conlbntine 
 over Mezentius. 
 
 INDI'FFERENCE, or INDITFEREN- 
 CY, [i'-.dijfcrcnr-:, Fr. indiffeiciinn, Lat.J free- 
 dom from bias or influence ; impartiality, or 
 freedom fiom picjudice ; want ot atiiction ; 
 linconccrnednefs. 
 
 INDI'FFl'.RENT, Adj. [Fr.] not deter- 
 mined to either fide ; unconcerned, or regard- 
 Jell: ; not having futh a diilcrence as to oblipe 
 tis to determine on cither fide ; neither 
 Ci m nanded nor forbidden; neither good 
 rRr bad ; pafliiblc; tolerable, " Very iiuujje- 
 " rer.t paper." Addij. In this fenfe it is 
 liimttinics ufed adverbially, as, " I am my- 
 «' felf ;K(/rj7i.-«!f honeft." Shall. 
 
 INDl'FFERENTLY, Adv. without di- 
 flinclion, or intlining more to one than an- 
 other ; \\ithout wilh, averfion, or emotion. 
 "■ I'll look, on death ind'Jferemly.''' Shak. Not 
 VvcU; tolerably; pafiiibiy. 
 
 INDIGENCE, IN'UIGENCY, S. [w- 
 ilJ7Liice, Fr.. irdigci'.iia, Lat.J want of the 
 cou'.forts of life ; poverty. 
 
 INDl'GKNOUo, Adj. [irdiger.e, Fr. in- 
 digina, Lat.J native j originally produced or 
 I.orn in a couniry. 
 
 IN'OlGKivIT, Adj. JFr. ird}gcr.r, Lat.J i 
 want of the coml'orts of life, or of money to 
 procure them ; void ; empty} wanting. "/;;- 
 *• <^,-^t;/^ of moiflure." Bacon. 
 
 INTOrGE'ST, or INDIGE'STED, Adj. 
 [it:dtgr/lu, Fr. ::idig'-fi!is, Lat.J not feparated 
 or divided into regular parts ; not dlfpofcd in 
 any order ; not formed or brought to matu- 
 rity. " That irdigiji projedl." Shak. Not 
 well confidcred or methodized. Not conco(ft- 
 «d or altered fo as to be fit for nourifhment, 
 applied to food. 
 
 INDIGE'STIBLE, Adj. not to be altered 
 in the flomach, or made fit for nourifhment, 
 applied fo food. Not to be methodized, re- 
 duced to order, or added to the improvements 
 of the mind, applied to ideas or fentimcBts. 
 
 INDIGE'STIOhJ, S. adiford-rin the fle- 
 nidch, whereby it is rendered incapable of al- 
 
 i N D 
 
 taring the food it contains, fo as to make it 
 fit for nourilhment. 
 
 IlN'DI'GN, Adj. [pronounced indine ; from 
 indigiie, Fr.J not worthy or deferving; bring- 
 ing indignity or difgrace. "All indign and 
 " bafe adverfities." Shuk. Obfolete. 
 
 INDl'GNANT, Adj. \mJignans,_ Lat.] 
 inflamed at once w ith anger and difdain. 
 
 INDIGNA'TIO.Nf, S. [Fr. of indignath, 
 Lat.J anger joined with contempt, abhor- 
 lence, difdain, and averfion. 
 
 INDI'GNITY, S. [ind'ignhe, Fr. ind'igvi- 
 tas, Lat.J a reproachful or difgrateful aftiori, 
 wherein the rank or character of a pcrfon is 
 difrfj.idtd, and rrceivcs a very great injury. 
 
 I'NDIGO, S. •icthiduo. 
 
 INDIRE'CT, Adj. [ Fr. hdireaus, Lat.] 
 not Orait, or in a right line. Figuratively, 
 round about, or not coming immediately to 
 the point ; not fair, hor.elt, or open. " Indi- 
 " rtFi dealing." Tdlotf. 
 
 INDIRE'CTION, S. around about man- 
 ner of coming to a point ; diihonell prac- 
 tice ; a fecret or oblique artifice or intention 
 to deceive. 
 
 INDIRE'CTLY, Adv. without coming at 
 once to the point in hand ; in an artful, ob- 
 1 cjue or round about manner ; unfairly; not 
 in an honefl: manner ; not rightly. 
 
 INDIRE'CTNFSS, S. oldiquencfs ; the 
 quality of not being m a ftrait-iine 3 unfair- 
 nefi. 
 
 INDISCE'RNIBLE, Adj. not to be per- 
 ceived by the e^e, or mind. 
 
 INDliCE'RNIBLY, Adv. in a manner 
 not to be perceived. 
 
 iNDiSCE'RPTIBLE,Adj. not capable of 
 having iis paits feparated fiom each other. 
 
 INDISCERPTIBI'LITY, S. the quality 
 of not being capable of having its puts lepa- 
 rated, or ot being deftroyed by diilolulion. 
 
 JNDISCO'VERY, S. the rtate of not be- 
 ing kr.nwn or difcovercd. " 1 he indljco-vciy 
 "of its head." Br-ytuti. Not in life. 
 
 INDISCREET, Adj. [indifcrct, Fr.J inju- 
 dicious; imprudent ; ra!h ; inconliderate. 
 
 INDISCkE'ElTLY, Adv. without mak- 
 ing a proper choice ; without judgement or 
 confideration ; rafhly. 
 
 INDISCRE'TION, S. [Fr.] weaknefs of 
 condiiff; imprudence; inconfideration, or 
 want of judgement. 
 
 INDIbCRl'MlNATE, Adj. [indlfcrjmwa- 
 tiis, Lat.J not carrying any mark of diffe- 
 rence ; without making any diilcrence or dif- 
 tinflion. 
 
 INDISCRI'MINATLY, Adv. without dif- 
 ference or diftinrtion. 
 
 INDISPK'NSABLE, Adj. [Fr.J net to be 
 forborn, or excufcd ; neceflary. 
 
 INDISI'E'NSABLENESS, .S. the fiate of 
 a thing which cannot be excufcd, omitted, or 
 forboin ; neccflitv. 
 
 INDlSI'E'NbAaLY, Adv, in futh a man- 
 ner 
 
 %
 
 I N D 
 
 I N D 
 
 rifv ss not to be excuf^-d by any authbiity ; |inunicate to feveral in a diClinifl or feparare 
 >;jt to be t'orboin ; abfol ,tely neccfury. m::nner. " Life is Indmduutei into infinite 
 
 To INDISi'O'SE, V. A. [indijpojh; Fr.] " n\imbers." A'focr 
 
 to make unfit ; to make averfe ; to (jilordc", 
 oiniake unlit by difcjlc To alFcil with a 
 lligiit difordf r, applied to health. 
 
 IN'DISi^O'SEDNESS, S. a Itate of nnfit- 
 nefs, or want of inclination j a (tate of health 
 ieflcned by a nijilitdlforJcr, 
 
 INDlSFOSl'rjON', S. fFr.] a tendency 
 to ficknefs, or a flight diforder ; w.int of in- 
 clination ; averfior. or diliike. 
 
 INDISPU'TABLE, Adj. /fonietimes ac- 
 cented, together with its derfvatives, on the 
 I'econd fyllablej fo evident as to admit no dif- 
 putc or controverfy. 
 
 INDISFU'TABLENESS, S. the ftate of 
 being fo evident as not to admit of difputc. 
 
 INDfSPU'TABLY, Adv. in a manner fo 
 evident as not to admit of difpute ; without 
 oppofition. " LuUjputably granted to fo ma- 
 " ny." Iloivil. 
 
 INDISSO'LVATILE, Adj. not capable of 
 having its parts feparated from eacli other. 
 '' / d'ljjui-vahk in water." Nnuan. Not to 
 be broken ; binding for ever, applied to 
 bonds or contraifls. 
 
 INDlSSOLUB['LITy,v S. [wdlfclulilite, 
 Fr ] the (tate of the panicles of a body which 
 cohere fo clofcly as not to be feparated. 
 • INDI'SSOLl'BLE, Adj. fFr. h:d]ff'Auh]- 
 Jis, Lat.J not to be feparated ; fhongly co- 
 herin,q;; binding; obliging ; firm ; liable ; 
 not fubjed to change or alteration. " ladij- 
 " A/*/'/;- fl:ate." ThiKjon. 
 
 'INDFSSOLUBLEN'ESS, S. thequality of 
 refiflins; a feparstion of its parts. I 
 
 INDI'SSOLUBLY, Adv. in a manner re- 
 fifiing a feparation ; ncve^- ceaHng to oblige. 
 
 INDIiTFNCT, Adj. nor marked or dif- 
 ferent fo as fo be feparated or jiKerned ; con- 
 fufcd ; not difcernino exactly. 
 
 TNDISTl'NCnON, S. wjnt of diHin- 
 guiniing or perceiving the difteientc between 
 things ; coni'ufion, or uncertainty. 
 
 INDISTI'iMCTLY, Adv. confufcdiyj not 
 to lie perceived pl.iiniy. 
 
 r>JDl5.Ti'NCTNESS, S. confufion; un- 
 cci talnty ; obfciirity 
 
 INDiSTL'RBAN'CE, S. [in and diflur- 
 ^^na- ] calm nefs ; freedom from any violent 
 motions ; great traniiuility. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL, Adj. [wdi-vidual, Fr.] 
 feparate from others of the fame fpecies ; 
 lin^'le^ not to be divided. 
 
 INDIVCDUAL, S. a fingle perfon. "The 
 " choice of ;Wk'jV//c.':." C.co:. 
 
 INDIVIDUA'LITV, S. feparate or di- 
 flinil exille:\ce. 
 
 mniVt'DUALLY, 'Adv. without any 
 diflinftion or diltlrence ; numerically. " In- 
 *' di'jidtialjy the \ety idive." No'Jer. , 
 
 To INDIVl'DUATE, V. A. [from /W/- 
 ■viduKs, Lat.J to diflingiiifli from others of 
 the fame fpeciss ; to make fingle ; to ccm- 
 
 INDIV! DU'ATION, S. th^t which makes 
 anv thing rhe fame as it was befoie. 
 
 IMDlVlDU'ITY, Sf the ftate of being an 
 individual ; the !bte of being what oneVas 
 before ; idciitity. 
 
 INDIVrNITY, S. want of godhead or 
 divine perfection. 
 
 IN'DIVISlBi'LITY, or INDIVI'SIBLE- 
 NE>S, S. ("from indi'vi^ble] the liate which 
 can admit of no more divifion. H^ , 
 
 INDIVI'SIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to""be 
 broken into more parts ; not to be feparated 
 into fmaller parrs ; fmgle. 
 
 INDIVI'SIBLES, S. in Geometry, thofe 
 indefinitely fmall elements or panicles into 
 which bodies may be ultimateiv refijived. 
 
 IN'IJO'CIBLE, Adj. not to be taught ; 
 not capable of rcceving inllruffion. 
 
 INDO'CIL, Adj. [ir.dwlc, Fr. indoilUsy 
 Lat.] not receiving any benefit from, or re-, 
 garding, iniliuiftion. 
 
 INDOCI'LITY, S. [indccUhe, Fr.] the 
 quality 'of difregarding or refufing inilruc- 
 tion. 
 
 . . To INDOCTRINATE, V. A. [cndcc 
 tr'wcr, old Fr. j to inftrucl: j or teach. " In 
 " indbcinnatw^ his young unexperienced fa- 
 " voLirite." Clarend. ' 
 
 I?.!DOCTRINA'TION, S. the aft of. 
 teaching, or forming a perfon's principles by 
 inllrinftion. 
 
 IX'DCLENCE, or INDOLENXY, S. 
 [i)}dokrrria, Latj] freedom from pain or un- 
 eafinefs : hzincfs ; or a- flite wherein a per- 
 fon conjtinu^.'s inaiftive without any reg.ird or 
 attention to any thing he fees around him. 
 The firlt fenfe is obfolete. 
 
 INDOLENT, Adj ina^ive cr lazy; 
 without any regard to what palles around 
 one. 
 
 IN'; 0LP:NTLY,^ Adv. inaaively, and 
 witliout regaid to any thing around one. 
 
 To IN'DOW, V. A. [of ;> and dcuer, 
 Fr.] to give a portion to. Figuratively, to 
 enrich with gifts, either of fortune oi- nature. 
 Sec Eiuhiv. <, 
 
 INDRAUGHT, S. [pronounced jV.a'/v?/??] 
 an opening in the land into which the fea 
 flows. " No Indrau^hta, bays, gulphs." Ra- 
 leigh. An inlet or paOage inwards. 
 
 fo INDRE'NCH, V. A. to foak ; to 
 drown. " My hopes lie drown'd — they Ire 
 " i.'.dnr.ch'd:' Shak. 
 
 INDU'BIOUS, Adj. [in mAduhtMs] with- 
 out doubting or fufpeifling ; certain ; pofitive. 
 " An mduiious confidence." llci-ty. 
 
 INDU'BITABLE, Adj. [er.duLitaHe, Fr. 
 indubitahdn, Lat ] fo certain or evident, as 
 to admit no doubt or fufpicion ol' its truth. 
 
 INDU'BITABLV, Adv. in a manner fo 
 evident and certain, as to admit no doubt. 
 
 IM
 
 I N D 
 
 INtJU'luTATE,, A'Jj. [mduhhatus, Lat.] 
 unioiiliteJ j un^iK'fticneJ. 
 
 To INDL'CK, V^ A. lir.duiie, Fr. irduco, 
 Lit.J to pei-ruade ; co pre^•dil on. 1 o olfer 
 by way ot" induction, or by way of confo- 
 ouface drawn from feveral parricuhrs, ap- 
 plied to reafoning. ^ o inci-'lcate or enforce 
 by argument , to produce as an argument or 
 iirtaiice. " Toexprobatc tlveir Itupidity, he 
 *' enducctb the provid.-nce nffiorks." Broiuit. 
 'T'u bring intovirwj to introduce. " Jn- 
 •' duiing I)is perfonj^es." I'ope^ 
 
 INDLCEMtNT, S. a motive which al- 
 lures or pcrruidcs to any thing. 
 
 To IN'DU CT, V. A. [vwuBui, of induco, 
 Lit. j to brinjj in or introduce. '* CernrK)- 
 " nies indirUd by the Venetians." Sandys. 
 This fenfe '\s- obfok-te : — 'lo put into a£lual 
 poiTcfTion of a benefice 
 
 liSDU'CTION, S. [Fr. ind'^a'a, Lit] in 
 its pri.n'.ry icn'e, iiurodu£tion, ore^trance; 
 nu^v oblokte. in Logic, the a<fl of inferrini; 
 
 1 N E 
 
 INDURA'TION, S. the ftate of growing 
 ha' d ; the aft of making hard ; hardnefs of 
 heart. 
 
 JNDU'STRIOUS, Adj. {indtfywx, Fr. 
 oi mduf.iiu:, Lat.] aftive and conllunt in 
 maniidl labour, bulincfs, or fl'idv. 
 
 INDU'STRIOL'SLY, Adv. with conftant 
 and interne application of mind, or cxercife 
 of body ; with great care, diligerce, an"! afii- 
 duity. " L:dujins!fj,y attempted." tacon. 
 
 LNDU'STkY, b. \ind;^fjrie,Fr. hdi.'_fina,' 
 Lat ] dilligence ; conflant application of the 
 mind, or exercife of the body. 
 
 lo INL'KRTATK, V. A. r;Wr;Vf«.t, 
 Lat.] to make a perfon dj-urk with (frong li- 
 quors. Figurativ.;!y, to intoxica'.e with praife, 
 grandeur, or fi.cccli. 
 
 I E'BRLATION-, S. drunkcnnefs. 
 
 IN'tFF ABILITY, S. [of i^jTaiie] the 
 quality of being beyond the power of lan- 
 
 gu-'g^- 
 
 Adj. f Fr. of ineffahiili. 
 
 LN'E'FFABLE, 
 general propof;::on irom feveral particular I Lat.] not to befpoken, uttered, or e.xpreded. 
 ncs ; a conlequcfice drawn from ievcral pro- j IN' fc'FFAiiL /, Adv. in fuch a jnanner, or 
 ■ ''..-• r.- ,- j^ ^^ j.^jg[^ ^ degree, as not to be expreflud by 
 
 words 
 
 INEFFE'CTIVE, Adj. [incfeP.-f]. that 
 which can produce no efifft. 
 
 INtFi-ECTU'AL. Adj. not to have power 
 fufBcient to produce its proper eff'eft j weak j 
 withont power, oroper^tiiig in vain. 
 
 INEFF E'CTUALLY, Adv. lo no purpof: ; 
 without eJecl. 
 
 INEFFE'CTUALNFSS, S. want of power 
 to procnie its proper effe<ft. 
 
 INEFFFCACIOUS, Adj. \:.-!c^cac!, Fr. 
 incficax, Lat.] unable to prodCce any eticfts i 
 weak ; feeble j a<fling to no purpofe. 
 
 INE'FFiCACY, S. vvant of power to pro- 
 duce an efTecl ; the quality of operating in 
 vain, or to no purpofe. 
 
 INE'Lf GANcE.orlNE'LEG.'UN'CY.S. 
 [from i»iiep-ant] me:.nntTs ; want of addrefs. 
 
 INELEGANT, Adj. [hckgar.s , Lat.j 
 
 poliu.>ns. in Law, the aft of giving poliel 
 lion <)f a benefice to an incumbent. 
 
 INDU'CTIVd, Adj. contributing, lead 
 iin or perfuafive j capable of inlerring or in- 
 cluding. 
 
 To INDU'E, V. A. [/W«9, Lat.] to in- 
 vert : to communicate 6r give a quaiity lo ; 
 as Johnfon obfervcs, it is fomctimes, even 
 by ''ood writers, confounded with cadczti, or 
 inUiiv. 
 
 'lo INPU'LGe, V A. [jnda/geo, Lat.] 
 to 'ratify or graiU the dcfj-.esof another as a 
 favour ; to favour or iofler ; to give inJul- 
 
 ^'^INDU'LGENCE.or IMDU'LGENCY, S. 
 \lt:du/^c>:c(:, Vr ] compliance with, or grant- 
 ing the dellresand rcquclU of others through 
 fondneis ; forbearance, or connivance at 
 faults ; a favour granted. In tiie Romilli 
 church, the rcmiifion of puniihment due to 
 
 a im, granted oy the church, and fuppofcd i not nice ; mean ; dcfpical)le. 
 to five the £nner from purgatory I INELOQL'ENT, Adj. not fpeaking with 
 
 INDULGENT, Adj. \irduigens, Lat.]jeafe, volubility, or the riowers of rhetoric ; 
 
 kind; gentle; complying with the requelfs, 
 cr gratifying the delircs of another, tlirough 
 londnefs'; mild, or favourable. 
 
 l\DU'LGEN FLY, Adv. with kind com- 
 pliance, and fond gratific.uion ; without fe- 
 verity or cenfuie. 
 
 INDU'LT, or INDU'LTO, S [Ital. and 
 Fr.J a fpeci.l favour or privilege granted ei- 
 ther to a commiuiity, or private perfon, by 
 the pope's bull, by which they are lictnfed to 
 door obtain fomething contrary to the com- 
 mon laws. In Commeice an impoll laid by 
 the king of Spain on goods impoued by the 
 g-.-.lleons. 
 
 To INDURATE, V. N. [Induratui^ortn- 
 durc, Lit.J to grow luid. Aftivdy, to make 
 Laid. 
 
 not perfuafive. 
 
 INt'PT, Adj. [incptus, Lat.] unfit, or 
 unfuitable to any end or purpofe j ufclef^ j 
 tririing ; foolifh. 
 
 1NE'PTL\, .Adv. in a trifling manner ; 
 unfuirablv or foolillily. 
 
 INE'PTITUDE, 'S. [from heptus, Lat.] 
 unfitnefs i or unfuitablcnefs to any purpofe 
 or end. 
 
 INEQTjA'LITY, S. [iKegalitd, Fr.] the 
 difference between two or more things coni- 
 psred together ; disproportion to any ofSce, 
 (fate, or purpofe; ditTirenceof rank orflation. 
 
 INERRABI'LITY, S. [from iwmtk] 
 the quality of not being fubjeft to error. 
 
 INE'RRAELE, Adj. not lubjcft to error 
 cr niiflidic, 
 
 IN'ERRA-
 
 I N E 
 
 IKE'RRACLEN'ESS, S, the qudllty of not 
 being liable to err. 
 
 IN'E'RRA^'LY, Adv. without poffibility 
 of erring; infal!i!/]y. 
 
 - INK'RRINGLY, Adv. withouterror, mif- 
 take, or dcvi.ition, either from tiiith or right. 
 
 I'n'E'RT, Adj. \hiers, Lat j dull; niotion- 
 lefs ; moving with difficulty ; iliiggilh. 
 
 INT/RTLY, Adv. iliKrgirnly ; or dully. 
 
 IME'STIMABLE, Adv. \inejiimable, Fr.] 
 fo valuable as not to be rated ; excscdin^^ all 
 price. 
 
 IN* VITABFLITY, S. the tiualityof not 
 btiiis; poffiSJe to be avuidi-'d. 
 
 iNK'VITABLE, Adj. [Fr. ine-vltabilh, 
 Lat.j not to be elcaped or avoided. 
 
 INEXCU'SABLKNKSS, S enormity of 
 crime beyond foiTJvenefs or paliiation. 
 
 INKXCU'.SAbLR, Adj. [Fv. imx-ci^falUh, 
 Lat.] not to be cxcufed, or not paliatabie by 
 apoiooy. 
 
 INKXHA'LABLE, Adj. that which can- 
 not be evapor^.ted, or conlumed in vapours. 
 
 INEXHAU'STED, Adj. not emptied ; 
 not fpenr. 
 
 INEXHAU'STIBLE, Adj. not to be emp- 
 tied or drawn all out ; not to be entirely fpent. 
 
 INF.XI'.STENT, Adj. not having being j 
 not to be found in nature. 
 
 INEXrSTENCE, S. want of being, or 
 exigence. 
 
 IN'EXORABLE, A.^j. fFr. from ir.exora- 
 iills, Lat. ] not to be moved by entreaty. 
 
 ^NEXPK'DIK^JCE, br JNEXi'E'Dlf N- 
 CY, S. want of ficncfs or propriety ; unfuita- 
 Llen efs fo time, place, or circuniftance. 
 
 INEXPE'DIENT, Adj. improper, unnc- 
 ccflary, or not prcduftive of any advantage. 
 
 INEXPE'RIENCE, S. [Fr. want of ex 
 pcrience ; without fufficicnt knowledge. 
 
 INEXPE'RIENCED, Adj. [£ri>mincxpe- 
 rience] not having pcrfonally tried, or had 
 experience of. 
 
 INEXPE'RT, Adj [hexpert,.!, Lat ] iin- 
 fkilful for v. ant of cuUom or ufe. 
 
 INE'XPIABLE, Adj. [ Fr.im'x/'ialUls,Lat.] 
 not to be atoned or made amends for ^ not 
 to be pacifii.'d or reconcikd by atonement. 
 
 INE'X:PI.4.BLY, Adv. to a degree beyond 
 atonement. 
 
 INE'XPLEABLY, i^dv. infatiably ; 'in 
 fuch a manner as not to be fatisficd. " Iih^^- 
 " pleahly covetous." Sandys, 
 
 INE'XPLICABLE, A'dj [Fr.Jfo difficult 
 as not to be explained. 
 
 INE'XPLK ABLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be made plainer. 
 
 INrXPRESSlBLE, Adj. not to be told, 
 uttered, or conveyed by words. 
 
 INEXPR E'.SSl BLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be uttered or conveyed !)y woids. 
 
 INEXPU'GNAIILE, A^!j. [Fr. kcx/.vgna- 
 lUis, Lat.] not to Ije taken. by aflault j not to 
 be fubdueJ. " An iinxj>vgriaUc appetite." iv^yi. 
 
 I N F 
 
 INEXTI'NGUrSHABLE, Adj. not to Ue 
 quenched, applied to fire. Not to be fatisficd, 
 applied to delires. 
 
 INE'XTRICARLE, Adj. l?r. incxtricali- 
 /is, Lat. J not to be dilmtan;j;led ; not to be 
 explained or cleared from oblcurity. 
 
 JNE'XTRICABLY, .Adj. in amannernot 
 to be explained ; not to be difintanglcd. 
 
 To INE'YE, V. N. [of//: and 9,:] to in- 
 oei'.late, by inferting the bud of one tree into 
 the ftock of anothei'. 
 
 INFA'LLIBILITY, or INFA'LLIBLE- 
 NESS, S. [infuUlbUue, Fr. ] the c[uality of not 
 being fubi^d'l to be deceived or miftaken. 
 
 INFA'LLrBLE, Adj. [Fr.] incapableof 
 being miitaken or deceived. Certain, or never 
 failing, applied to rriedicine. 
 
 INFA'LLIBLY, Adv. without danger of 
 deceit, or poffibility of being miflaken j cer- 
 tainly. 
 
 To INFAME, V. A. [infamcr, Fr. h:f^!no, 
 Lat.] to dcfime ; to csnfure publickly for the 
 co.Timiiuon of a crime. 
 
 IN'FAMOUS, Adj. [hfan-J/wfatnavt, Fr. 
 irfiimh, Lat.] notorious, or publickly bianded 
 with guilt J of a bad eliaradter. 
 
 IN FArylOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to be known to be guilty of a crime or mif- 
 demeanor ; fliamcfully ; fcand.iloully. 
 
 IN'FAMOUSNESS, or IN'FAMY, S. [In- 
 faniic, Fr. infamia, Lat. J lofs of character by 
 crimes; difgrace; difcredit; reproach. 
 
 IN'FANCY, S. {hrfancm, Lat.] the firft 
 pa: t of life, extended by natv.ralifls to feven 
 years, btlt by lawyers to twenty-one. J?i- 
 gurativcly, the beginning or fii fl rife of any 
 tiling. 
 
 INFA'NGTHEF, HINGF'ANTHEFT, 
 or INFA'NTHEFT, S. [of ;;;/ w^™, Sax. 
 to catch, and thcof. Sax. a thief i in Law, a 
 privilege or liberty grant 'd to lords of cer- 
 tain manors, to judge any thief taken within 
 ih.'^Ir fee. 
 
 IN'FANT, S. [Fr. \nfam, Lat ] by Natu- 
 railfls, a child from its birth to its feventh. 
 year, but by Lawyers fo called till its one and 
 twentieth, 
 
 IN'FANTA, S. [Span.] a titje of honour 
 given a prlncefs of the royal blood in Spain 
 or Portugal. 
 
 INFA'NTE, S. [Span.] a fon of the kings 
 of Spain or Portugal. 
 
 INFA'NTJCIDE, S. [Fr. \vfamc\d\um, 
 Lat.] the llaughter or inaflacre of infants, 
 applied to that committed by Herod. 
 
 INFVNTILE, Adj. {infuntiih, Lat.] be- 
 longing to the (late of an infant. 
 
 IN'FANTRY, S. {inprunc, Fr.] the 
 foot foldiers of an army. 
 
 irJFA'RCTlON, S. {hi and/-rf.s, Lat. to 
 ffulFj'a ftufling. In Medicine, aeon (Hp.'.tion. 
 
 To INFA'TUATK, V. A. [^mfa.uMui, 
 oi infatuo, Lat.] to make toolilh ; to deprive 
 of underlLmding. 
 
 I IN-
 
 I N F 
 
 INFATUA'TIOM, S. the a'^. of making 
 foo'.ifii, or df|>rivingofunderflan.'.ing. 
 
 INFEASIBLE, Adj. not to be performed 
 or practifed. 
 
 To INFE'CT, V. A. [infe.ler, Fr. hfedus, 
 of /;;;faa, Lat.J to diforder by fome noxious 
 qualities; lo corrupt witli bad ii linuations. 
 
 INFE'CriON, G. \?v. inferno, Lat.1 the 
 <;ommur.ication of a difeafc by means of cfTiu- 
 \'U or particle?, whjr-h fiy From diflempcied 
 bodies, and mixing; with the juices of others, 
 caufe tlie fame diforlers as the perfons had 
 from whence they exhaled ; a plague. 
 
 I^FE'CriOUS, Adj. caufmg diflempers 
 Ly fomc noxious quality or effluvia. 
 
 INFE'CT I OUSLY, Adv. operating by 
 
 infection. 
 
 INFECTIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 cnmmunicatip;; tiiftempers by noxious quali- 
 ties, or unwholefome efiluvia. 
 
 IN'FE'GTIVE, Adj. ha- ing the power of 
 caufing diflempers by noxious qualities or va- 
 pours 
 
 IM'-^ECU'ND, Adj. {,nfa;cur.du!, Lat.j un- 
 fniitful : barren. 
 
 INFECU'KDITY, S. barrennefs j want 
 of a power to produce its like. 
 
 INFELl'CITY, S. \rifcIklt€,Yv. infilld- 
 tJ!, Lat.l a ftate deftitute of all the contforts 
 and pleafurcs to render life agreeable ; un- 
 happinefs. 
 
 to INFER, V. A. \irfircr, Vf. ir.fero, 
 Lat. 1 in its primary fenfe. to bring on. 
 " Vomits infer fome fmall detiiment." Ear- 
 vey. In Logic, to draw in another propofi- 
 tion as true, by virtue of one already laid 
 down as true. 
 
 INFE'RENCE, S. |Fr] in Logic, a con- 
 clufion drawn from previous arguments or 
 propofitions. 
 
 INFE'RIBLE, Adj. dedncible from pro- 
 portions which went before. 
 
 INFE'RIOR, Adj. lower in place, ftation, 
 condition of life, value, or excdlency ; fub 
 ordinate. " A thouAmd ?>/^/;> and particu- 
 " lar propofitions." Watts, 
 
 INFE'RIOR, S. one in a lower rank or 
 ftation than anotlicr. 
 
 INFEaiO'RlTY, S. [ivferhnte, Fr.] 
 a lower ftatc of dignity, worth, or excel- 
 lence. 
 
 INFE'RNAL, Adj. [Fr. mfrr.us, Lat.] 
 belongng toliell. Infernal ftcn(, in Medicine, 
 is a very powerful cauftic prepared from an 
 evaporated folution of filver, or cryftals of 
 filver. 
 
 INFE'RTILE, Adj. fFr.] not producing 
 or yielding any thing, unfruitful; barren. 
 
 INFERTILl'TY, S. [infrtllke, Fr.] un 
 fruii fulnefs ; barrennefs ; want of power to 
 produce 
 
 To INFEST, V. A. [^nff'cr, luhfefo, 
 Lat.] to harrafs, trouble, or plague. 
 
 INFESTI'VITY. S. want of chearfulneis. 
 
 I N F 
 
 INFEUDA'TION, S. [w and faahp-.,, 
 Lat.j in Law, the aO. of putting a pcrfon in- 
 to poflifTion of a fee or eftate. 
 
 IK'FIDEL, S. [irfdtUc, Fr. hifdelis, Lat.] 
 one who rejects cr will not aflcnt to^the 
 trr.'h of revelation, or the great principles of 
 religion. 
 
 INFIDE'LITY, S. [hfJe'it-, Yr. uifideH- 
 ra:, Lat ] want of faith or reliance in Provi- 
 dence ; difbelief of Chriflianity ; treachery or 
 violation of one's fidrlitv. " The snf.deliti-'i 
 " between the two f;xes " Sficclator. 
 
 INFI'NITE, Adj. [!„fnitt>s, Lat.] having 
 no bounds or limits. Perfect:, fo as to admit 
 of no defc£l or addition, applied to the divine 
 attributes Infinitely or very large, ufed in 
 common difcourfe. 
 
 IN'FINITELY, Adv. without limits or 
 bounds. 
 
 IN'FINITENESS, S. the quality of ad- 
 mitting no bounds or limits. 
 
 INFINETE'SSIMAL, Adj. thatw^hichis 
 infi-iitcly divided 
 
 INFINITE'SSIMAL, S. that which is 
 lefs than any aflignable quality, called like- 
 wife II fluxion. 
 
 INFI'NITIVE, Adj. Unfnitif.Yr.irfniti- 
 I'us, Lat.] in Grammar, applied to a mood, 
 which denotes no precife time, nor determines 
 the number of perfons of which any thing is 
 affirmed, but exprefles things in a loofe in«{e- 
 finite manner. 
 
 INFTNITUDE, S. any thing which has' 
 no bounds or limits ; an inconceivable num- 
 ber. 
 
 INFINITY, S. this word is taken in two 
 fcnfes intirely different, i. e. in a poCtiveard 
 a negative one. Pofitit'e infi:itY, is a quality 
 of being perfecft in itfelf. or capable of re- 
 ceiving no a.^ition, and is properly applieJ 
 to the divine attributes or edence. Ne^ath'e 
 inf.niiw is the quality of being boundlcfs, un- 
 limited, or end lefs. 
 
 INFT'RM, Adj. [infntie, Fr. />//-wi/j,Lat.] 
 deprived of natural ftrengih by age or fick- 
 nefs. Irrefolutc, applied to the mind. " Jn- 
 " firm of purpofe." Sh&k. Not fit to fup- 
 port ; not folid. " On /"«/«« ground." South. 
 INFI'RMARY, S. [irfrmarie, Fr.] a place 
 where lodging and board areprovided for licit 
 and w-o'.;ndcd perfons. 
 
 INFI'RMITY, S. [infrKite", Fr.] weak- 
 nefs of fex, age. temper, mind, or body. 
 
 INFI'RiMNESS, S. want of flrength, ap- 
 plied to argumenr, underd.mding, or body. 
 
 To INFIX, V. A. I'infxhs, from infvgo^ 
 Lat. 1 to drive or faften in. 
 
 To IN L'AME, V. A. [inpmmo, Lzt.] 
 to kindle or fct bodies on fire. Figul•ativeI)^ 
 to excite or kindle defire ; to magnilY a per- 
 fon's faults. "An enemy/'/."«« his crimes." 
 yiddif. To provoke or irritate, applied to the 
 paflions. In Medicjne, to grow hot, angry, 
 and painful by obftruftcd matter. 
 
 * "" IN-
 
 i N F 
 
 INFLA'MER, S. the thing or perfon thit 
 caufes a painful fcnfation of heat in any part 
 of t!ie body ; one that promotes quarrels, or 
 lets friends at variance. 
 
 INFLAMMABI'Liry, S. [from Infam- 
 v.abk^ the quality of catching fire. The quj- 
 lityof caufing a painful fenfaticMi of heat, ap 
 plied to ol)(tri!iftcd inatter in aniinal hoJies. 
 The quality of exciting the dehres, or wann- 
 ing the paffions, applied to the mind. 
 
 INFLA'MiViABLE, Adj. eafy to be fct on 
 fire ; capable of exciting the ■mfTioiis ; or irri- 
 tating the humours in an animal body. 
 
 INFLA'MMARLENESS, S. thequality of 
 eafily catching fire ; the quality of being eafily 
 excited or provoked. 
 
 INFLA'MMATION, S. [Fr. hipn.mcuo, 
 Lat.] the act of fett:ng on flame ; tiicflateof 
 being in flame. In Surgery, applied to that 
 ienfation of heat arifing from oljUruifled blood 
 or matter which crouds in a greater quantity to 
 any particular part, and gives it a greater co- 
 lour and heat than ufual. The a(fV of exciting 
 any paiTIon, defire, or fervour to the mind. 
 
 INFLA'MMATORY, Adj. having the 
 power of caufing an inflimmation, applied to 
 tlie fluidsof the body. Having a tendency to 
 jilienate the minds of fubjeds, or caufean in- 
 furreiflion in a (fate. 
 
 To INFLA'TK, V. A. \hif,atus, Lat.] to 
 fwell with wind ; to fill or pufl^up with Hreatli. 
 piguratively, to fwell or puff'up \^'ith pride. 
 
 INFLA'T10N,S. the Hate of being fwei:- 
 eJ with wind. 
 
 To INFLE'CT, V. A. [i'-fcno, Lat.] to 
 bend from a ftrait line. " Refra(fted or in- 
 fictlcd.^'' Ncvjt. To change or vary. In 
 Grammar, to vary or alter the terminations 
 of a word ; to decline. 
 
 INFLE'CTION, S. the afl of bending ; 
 the aft of turning or changing the dire<ftion 
 of motion. A modulation, or change fiom 
 high to low, applied to the voice. The va- 
 riation or change of the endings of a woid, 
 applied to Grammar. 
 
 INFLE'C FIVE, Adj. having the power of 
 bending. 
 
 INFLEXIBFLI FY, or TNFLE'XIBLE- 
 MESS, S. [inflexibility, Fr. I (tiffnefs, or the 
 c|uality of rt-filling any attempt ; a temper or 
 dlfpolition of mind not to be altered by pray- 
 ers, entreaties, promifes, or ttneatnings. 
 
 INFLE'XIBLE.Adj. [Fr. ;"«/7fx:7<;/;5,Lat.] 
 not to be bent or made Crooked j not to be 
 chan(!ed or altered; not to be prevailed on. 
 
 INFLE'XIBLY, Adv. without any ceiTa- 
 tion, or remifl^ion ; without being prevailed 
 on to change or alter. 
 
 To INFLl'CT, V. A. [iJifiiBus, from in- 
 fiigo, Lat. infigir, Fr.j to punifii, or impofe 
 on as a punilhment. 
 
 INFLFCTER, S. he that puniflies. 
 
 INFLI'CriON, S, the act of \n'ing pu- 
 ijiliiments ; the punilhment impofed. 
 
 I N F 
 
 INFLI'CTIVF, Adj. [Fr.] executed '°^ 
 impofed on as a punilhment. 
 
 INFLU'ENCE, S. [from iif.ttcntia, Lat.] 
 the power of celcfHal bodies or (tars, operatini* 
 on human minds and atfairs ; any power v\'hicli 
 a(fls on ihemind, and biaHes or'diredh it. 
 
 To INFLUENCE, V. A. to aft upon Ta 
 as to impel, dircft or modify ; to operate on 
 the mind, fo as to bias or difeft it tiaany par- 
 ticulaf end or aftion. 
 
 I'NFLL'ENT, Adj. [/V^.vfw, Lat.] exert- 
 ing influence or impiilhVe power. 
 
 I'NFLUX, S. [i,:fux:n, L,t.] the aft of 
 flowing info any thing. Infufion, applied to 
 knowledge 
 
 To INFO'LD, V. A. to uiap; to fur- 
 round with the arms folded over each other j 
 to embrace. 
 
 To INFO'LIATE, V. A. [of in and/&. 
 Hum, Lat.] to cover with lea'cs. " Long 
 " may his fruitful vine infoiiate ahd clafp a- 
 " bout him." Hoiuel. Seldom ufed. 
 
 To INFO'RM, V. A. \infonrcr, Fr. /;••, 
 formo. Lat.] to animate; to aftuate with a 
 foul or vital power ; to inftruft, to fupply 
 with new knowledge. In Law, to bi'ing a 
 charge or accufation againfl: a pei Ton, uicd 
 with againji, and is generally applied to the 
 dilcoveries made by an accompli..c. Neuter- 
 ly to give intelligence, or to d.fcover a 
 Clime. 
 
 I\'FO'RMAL,Adj. olTering an accufation, 
 or the difcovery of a crime. " The poor infof 
 " ival women." Skak- Not in ufe. 
 
 INFO'RMANT, S. [Fr.] one who difco-* 
 vers or gives intelligence of a crime, or other 
 matter; one who offers or exhibits an accu" 
 lation. 
 
 IXFORMA'TION, ?. [infor^ra'h, Lah] 
 intelligence, or inOruftion ; the aft of com-' 
 mimicating fomething unknown before In 
 Law, the difcovery of a crime, or the charge 
 or uccufation brought againlt a perfon. 
 
 INFO'RiViER, S. one who gives inteli' 
 rence, or communicates new knowledge to 
 the mind ; one who difcovers the crimes or 
 offences of another before a magillrate. 
 
 INFO'RMIDABLE, Adj. [of in ahd 
 fonn'ii^liliS, Lat.] not to be feared or dread- 
 cJ. 
 
 INFO'RJViFTY, S. [iypmni, Lat.] wj'.nt 
 of (hape or form. 
 
 INFCRMOUS, Adj. [inform, Fr. infers 
 t?iis, Lat.] fhnpelefs ; of no regular form. 
 
 INFO'RTUNA'I E, Adj. [Fr. ivfn-tunatus, 
 Lat, SetUufcriiinnte'] not fucceed ng in one's 
 defignsor cxpcftations ; unfuccefsful or Un- 
 happy. 
 
 To INFRA'CT, V. A. [ivfranui, of ■?:- 
 fringo, Lat. to break or iniernipt.J " With 
 " wild infraBcd courfc." Thamfon. 
 
 INFRA'CTION, S. li^fra'aio, Lat.] the 
 aft of breiking, or violating. 
 
 INFRA'NdlBLR, Adj. not to be bioKei-i.
 
 1 N G 
 
 TNFRE'Ql'ENCY, S. [infrejuenth, Lat.] 
 UP.comm nncfs ; rarity, applied to things 
 which feldom happen, or are feldotn heard, 
 feen, or done. 
 
 INFRE'QUENT, Adj. rare; feldom hap- 
 pening. 
 
 To INFRI'GIDATE, V. A. [of ;'« and 
 frigiilus.hit I to chill or make cold. "Whofe 
 " coldnefs did not infrigidate.''^ Boyle. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 To INFRI'NGE, V. A. \ixfnr.go, Lat.] 
 to violate or break, applied to laws or con- 
 trafts. To deftroy, or hinder. " All that 
 " may infringe, delight." Waller. 
 
 INFRI'NGEMENT, S. the aft of viola- 
 trng or breaking laws or treaties. 
 
 INFRl'NGER, S. he that acts contrary 
 to any law or treaty. 
 
 INFU'RIATE, Adj. [of(nand/wM,Lat.] 
 enraged ; raging. 
 
 To INFU'SE, V. A. [i'^fujer, Fr. infujui, 
 fi-om infundo, Lat.] to pour in. Figuratively, 
 to indil j toinfpire; to animate ; to influence, 
 applied to the mind. " Infujcd with a forti- 
 " tudefrom heaven." Shak. In Medicine, to 
 fleep or foak in any liqtxjr with a gentle heat. 
 INFU'SIBLE, Adj. that which may be in- 
 ftilled, communicated, or infpired, applied to 
 the mind. Incapable of being melted or dif- 
 Iblvcd, applied to bodies. 
 ^ INFU SIGN, .S. [infufto, Lat.] the aft of 
 pouring in ; the aft of inftilling or infpiring. 
 In Phyfic, the aft of fteeping ingredients in 
 any liquor with a moderate warmth ; alfo the 
 liquor made by fteeping ingredients. 
 
 INFU'SIVE, Adj. having a power of ani- 
 mating or influencing. " 1 he iw/a//"!.'* force 
 •' of fpring on man." Thorrfon. 
 
 INGA'THERING, S. the aft of getting 
 in an harveft. 
 
 INGE, in the names of places, figniSes a 
 meadow, fr .m irg, Sax. 
 
 To INGE'MINATE, V. A. [ingemhi, 
 Lat.] to double the fame thing over again } 
 to repeat. 
 
 INGEMINA'TION, S. [of imni gemi- 
 vctio, Lat.] tlie aft of doubling or repeating 
 the fame thing. 
 
 To INGE'NDER, V. A. [engcrdrer, Fr.] 
 to beget, produce, or breed. S,tt Engender. 
 INGE'NDERER, S. he that begets. 
 INGE'NERATF,orINGE'NEKATED, 
 Adj. \ivgencratus, Lat.] born or bred with, 
 or witiiin a perfon. 
 
 INGE'NlOUSjAdj. \ingenieux,Yx. tngenio- 
 fat, Lat.] having fenfe to invent, or execute 
 in a (kilful manner. 
 
 INGE'NIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner that 
 difcovers great invention, fkill, and art. ' 
 INGE'NflOUSNESS S. ftrength of ima- 
 gination to invent, and dcxteiity to cxecate. 
 
 INGE'NITE, Adj lirga^itus, Lat.J born 
 with one } implanted j oi innate. 
 
 INGENUITY, S. {ingenHi:c\ Fr.] acute- 
 
 I N H 
 
 nefs of mind in invention, and ikill or art ;n 
 executing. 
 
 INGE'NUOUS, Adj. [ingcnuus, Lat.] ha- 
 ving candour, opcnnefs, or finceriiy of mind ; 
 free from dinunuiation. 
 
 INGENUOU'SLY, A^v. is an open, fair, 
 candid, and undillembled manner. 
 
 INGE'NUOUSNESSjS. candour ; freedom 
 from diHimulation. 
 
 I'NGENY, S. [inger.-um, Lat.] genius, 
 goodnefsof underlianding, or readinefs of in- 
 vention. 
 
 To INGE'ST, V. A. \ingejlus, Lat.] to 
 cafV or include in the ftomach. 
 
 INGE'STION, S. the aft of rafting, or 
 including in the ftomach. " Daily ingejiicn oi" 
 " milk." Har-vey. 
 
 INGLORIOUS, Adj. \inghr:ui, Lat.j 
 without honour, fame, or glory. 
 
 INGLO'RIOUSLY, Adv. not reputably ; 
 difhonourably ; ia a mean manner. 
 
 I'NGOT, S. [ingot, Fr. from ingtgciicr, 
 Belg.] a mats of metal, generally applied to 
 gold and iilver. 
 
 To INGRA'F, v. A. to propagate trees 
 by grafting ; to plant the fprig of one tree ia 
 the rtock of another. To fix deep or fectle, 
 applied to the mind. 
 
 INGRA'FMENT, S. the aft of infcrting 
 the fprig of one tree into the flock of ano- 
 ther ; the fprig ingraffed. 
 
 INGRA'TE, or INGRA'TEFUL, Adv. 
 \ingrat, Fr. Ingyatus, Lat.] not acknowledging 
 favours received, or returning thanks for them . 
 UnpleaCng or difagreeable, applied to any 
 thing which affefts the fenfes. 
 
 To I'NGRATIATE, V.A. [in zni gra- 
 tia, Lat.] to creep into a perfon's favour. 
 
 INGRA'TITUDE, S. the vice of being 
 infenfiblc to favours received ; and fometimei 
 applied to the retribntion or returning evil 
 for good. 
 
 INGRE'DIENT, S. [irgrediens, Lat.] that 
 which makes up a corapofition ; generally 
 applied to fimples in medicine. 
 
 INGRE'SS, S. lwgrcs,YT.\ngrejfu$, l.^.t.'] 
 entrance, the aft or liberty of going into i 
 place. 
 
 INGRE'SSION, S. [ingreffo, Lat.] the 
 aft of entering. 
 
 To INGRO'SS, V.A. Sec Erg rofs. 
 INGUI'NAL, .(Vdj. [oiinguen, Lat.] be- 
 Icvnging to, or fituated in tlie groin. 
 
 To INGIJ'LF, or INGULl'H, V. A. to- 
 fwallow up in a deep cavity; to caft into a 
 gulf or abyfs. " We ingulf ourfclves into 
 '* adured danger." Hnyiv. 
 
 To INCL'RGITATE, V. A. [wgurgi- 
 Tutus, of ir.gurgito, Lat.] to fwallow down. 
 Wants authority. 
 
 INGURGITA'TION, S. the aft of fwal- 
 lowing rapacioufly. 
 
 INHA'BILE, Adj. [Fr. inb.dilis, Lat.] 
 un(kilful; unready; unfit j unqualified. 
 
 To
 
 I N H 
 
 To INHABIT, V. A. [w and /-^i/w, Lat.] 
 tod\vell in ; to pofiifsas an inhabitant. 
 
 INHA'BITABLE, Adj. capable of afford- 
 ing or fit for Iiabitarion. " Sydemsof/?! 
 " k'jbitable planets.'' Locke Not habitable; 
 from inhabkcble, Fr. " The frozen ridges 
 " of the Alps — or other ground inhabitable,'''' 
 HlMk. Not ufcd in the lafl: fenfe. 
 
 INHA'BITANT, S. one who dwells or 
 rcfidcs for X time in a place. 
 
 INHABITA'TION', S. a hoiife or dwel- 
 ling place ; the acfl of dwelling in a place ; the 
 Itate of being inhabited. 
 
 INHA'BITER, S, one who dwells in a 
 place. 
 
 To INHA'LE, V. A. to draw in with the 
 air or one's breath. 
 
 INHARMO'NIOUS, Adj. not harmoni- 
 ous, miifical, or of an agreeable found. 
 
 To INHEA'RSE, V. A. to inclofe in an 
 hearfe, or funeral monument. 
 
 INHE'RENT, Adj. [inho'rens, Lat.] ex- 
 iting infeparably in fomething ; innate, or 
 inborn. 
 
 To INHE'RE, V. A. [ir.hafco, Lat.] to 
 exifl in fomething elfe. 
 
 To INHE'RIf, V. A. [enheriter, Fr.]to 
 pofTtfj by right of fucccdion from another. 
 Figuratively, to gain poileflion ; to pofTefs or 
 enjoy. 
 
 INHE'RITANCE, S. any thing which a 
 perfon poflefles or fucceeds to as tlie next of 
 blood, or heir; polTlTion or enjoyment 
 ** The inheritance of their loves." Shak. The 
 poilefiion of what belonged to a parent, or 
 other relation, after their death. 
 
 INHE'RIl OR, S. an heir, or one who 
 fucceeds to what another enjoyed, after his 
 death. 
 
 INHE'RITRESS, S. a woman who fuc- 
 teeds to the pofTefTions of a relation after his 
 death. 
 
 INHE'RITRIX, S. an heirefs. 
 
 lNH!«SION, S. [/w^^s, Lat,] the exift- 
 ing in foiriething. 
 
 To INHI'BIT, V. A. [inhibitus, nrmhi- 
 h(o, Lat. inhiber, Fr.] to reltrain, hinder, re- 
 prefs, or check, applied to power. To for- 
 bid, applied to laws. 
 
 INHIRI'ilON, S. [Fr. wWZWff, Lat.] a 
 prohibition In Commerce, an embargo. In 
 Law, a urit from a fuperior to an inferior 
 court, forbidding a judge to proceed in the 
 Caufe depending before hun. 
 
 To INHO'LD, V. A. to contain in itfelf. 
 *' 7 he (un ir.i'jldcth^'' Raleigh. Not in ufe. 
 
 INHO'SPITABLE, Adj. \in, ■.\ni.\ hofji- 
 tarle] afiording no entertainment or kinduefs 
 to 'irangers. 
 
 INHO'SPITABLENESS, S. want of cour 
 tcfy, kindncfs, or civility to Grangers. 
 
 iRHO'SPITAilLY, Adv. in a manner 
 not kind to ftrangers. ' 
 
 INHOSPn A'LITY, S. [Inhojfuaiite^l't.] 
 See L:LoJfiiabknej\, 
 
 I N J 
 
 INHUMAN, Adj. \inhumain, Fr. inhw 
 manus, Lat. ] wanting the kind, benevolent, 
 and focial afTeftions which adorn and fupport 
 our fpecies ; favagc ; cruel j without com- 
 paffion. 
 
 INHUMA'NITY, S. [inhumanite', Fr ] 
 want of the kind, benevolent, compaffionate, 
 and focial affe<ftions ; cruelty ; barbaiity. 
 
 INHUMANLY, Adv. in a manner in- 
 confiflent with kindncfs, compafUon, charity, ^ 
 or other focial i-iacniions. 
 
 To INHU'MATE, or INHU'ME, V. A. 
 [Inhumer, Fr. humatus, <..i htimo, Lat.] to inter, 
 bury, or put under the groand. 
 
 To INJECT, V. A. [mjeBus, of irjicio, 
 Lat.] to throw or dart in ; to ad or throw 
 on. " Mound wjVf? on mound." Pope. In 
 Medicine, to force any fluid, or other fub- 
 llance, into the vefTels of the body. 
 
 INJE'CTK^N, S. [injeaio, Lat ] the ail 
 of catting or throwing in. In Medicine, 
 any licjuors made to be thrown into the body 
 by a fyrinpe orother indrument. In Surge- 
 ry, the art of filling the vefiels of a body 
 with wax, or other fubftance, to (liew their 
 fliapes and ramifications. 
 
 INIMITABI'LITY, S. [from inimtab!c\ 
 the quality of not being to be imitated. 
 
 INI'MITABLE, Adj. [inimitabiih, Lat.] 
 above or beyon.i imitation ; impoffible to be 
 copied. 
 
 INrMIT.\ELY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be imitated. 
 
 To INJOIN, V. A. [cnjclndre, Fr. ;"»- 
 junco, Lat.] to command or enforce by fupe- 
 rior authority 
 
 INl'QUITOUS, Adj. [ir^ique, Fr from 
 iniqt:tty'\ inconfiftent with juflice or honefty ; 
 wicked 
 
 INI'QUITY, S. [;«;^K/7/,Fr. iniquitai,'Ln.'] 
 nppofition to, or breach of the laws of juf- 
 ti'ce and honefty. Sin, applied to the divine 
 laws. 
 
 INI'TIAL, Adj. [Fr. initialis, Lat. from. 
 InittMn] placed at the beginning, applied to 
 letters. Beginning or incipient ; not com- 
 plete, or perfeifi ; introduiftory to. 
 
 To INI'TIATE, V. A. ['initiatm, oi hi- 
 tin, Lat. ir.iticr, Fr.] to enter ; to inltrudt in 
 the firft principles of an art; to place in a 
 ne-v Rate ; to put into a new fociety. 
 
 INI'TMTE, Adj. \initiS, Fr. initiatus, 
 Lat.] Grange, new, or not praiflifed. " The 
 "■ initiate fear." Shak. 
 
 INITI.A'TJON, S. \iiitiat:o, Lat.] the 
 aft of entering a perfon into any art or ftate. 
 
 INjl'DICAilLE, Adj._ [;>;, and judico, 
 Lat ] not cognizLible by a judge. 
 
 INJUDI'CTAL, Adj. not according to the 
 forms or praftice of the law. 
 
 INJUdVcIOUS, Adj. [in and judicious] 
 without judgment. 
 
 INJUbrCIOUSLY, Adv.in:rmannerthat 
 difccjvers weaknefs or want of judgment. 
 
 N II z IN-
 
 •I N N 
 
 IVjU'NGJ'lO.Nf, S. [iKJutiaus, it!J!infi:Oi\ 
 !Lat.] the command or order ot a I'uperior. In! 
 J,a\v, is a writ founded upon an order in I 
 Chanctry, either to give the plaintiff pollcf- 
 fion, or to Itav proceedings in anotliei- court. 
 To IN'JURK, V. A.[i>!Juiicr, Ft. injuria, 
 Lit. j to Hurt a perion unjuftly ; to wrong, 
 or deprive a perfon of his right; to annoy; 
 or diUuih with any inconvenience. " Left 
 *' tliat Tiiould injure US " Mi/t. 
 
 INJU'RIOL'S, Adj. \_iiijurietix, Fr. inju- 
 r'ms, Lat ] unjul, or depriving a perfon ot his 
 rijjhts; cuiity of wrong. Figuratively, c.<ufing 
 mifciiief, reproachful, including the idea 
 of not being dcfervtd ; containing fcandal. 
 " Injurhus iippella'.ions." ^iviji. 
 
 INIJU'RIOL'SLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to appear unjud ; wrongfully. 
 
 LW J U'RIOL'SNFSS, S^ the quality of be- 
 ing niifcl-dcvous, or comniitthig an injury. 
 
 IN'JURY, S. [;-,/tt'i.r, Lat.]"a violation of 
 the rights of another. Figuratively, detri- 
 ment or mifchief arifing from want of judg- 1 
 meat j damage ; fcandalous exprtflions. j 
 " Spake all the jV-v'wr/Vi he could." jPdfijn. 1 
 INJU'S riCE, 'S. [i>:jujluia, Lnt.] any aft 
 dpne agaii.fl the laws, or the didlates of ho- 
 nefly. 
 
 INK, S. [er.a-e, Fr. ink, Belg. irtcbiojio, 
 Ital.J a liquor with which we write on paper 
 or parchment. 
 
 IN'KHORN, or IN'KFRN, S. [from 
 ink and horn, oi- kern, which fignifies /)c;7ij 
 any veflcl which contains ink : properly ap- 
 plied to a caie made of horn, wherein ink, 
 pens, and wafers are contained. 
 
 INKLE, S. a kind of narrow fillet or tape. 
 IN'KLING, S. [derived by Skinner from 
 eerclopighe, lielg. or inkalkn, Belg.] a hint j 
 whiiper; intimation. 
 
 1'NKY, Adj. blotted or covered with ink j 
 blsck as ink. 
 
 I'NLAND, Adi. lying up a country at a 
 dillance from the fea. 
 
 I'NLAND, S. the midland or inward parts 
 of a country. 
 
 I'NLANDER, S. a perfon who lives in a 
 coiuitry at a dillance from the fca. 
 
 To INLA'PiDATE, V. A. \h: and Lpl- 
 Jalus, oi Li pi Jo, Lat.) to turn to ilone, Ncu- 
 terly, to grow or become flony. 
 
 To IN LAW, v. A. [oppofed to outlaw] 
 to clear of outlawry or attainder. 
 
 To INLA'Y, V. A. to diverfify with fub- 
 flances or woods of different colours, which 
 are let in and glued within the ground of a 
 thing; to adorn with vario'us colours, reprc- 
 fenting inlaid work. " Various gems ;.••/.:)) — 
 " the unadorned bolbm of the deep." Pur. 
 L',J}. 
 
 IN'LET, S. apadigej a place whcrc'ty a 
 tiling may hnd entrance. 
 
 I'NLY, Adj. in the mind ; within (l.e 
 breads kc!ct. '•' The i".); touch of love.'" 
 
 I N N 
 
 I'NLY, Adv. internally; within; in the 
 bofom or heart. 
 
 I'NIMArL, S. [of/« and mate; or meat, 
 Belg.] in Law, a lodger or perfon admitted to 
 dwell for money in a perfon's houfe, padlng 
 in and out by the fame door. 
 
 IN'MOST, Adj. [fuperlative of in, the 
 comparative is innirl farthefl within, or at the 
 greated didance from the furface, or inlet. 
 
 INN, S. [inne. Sax. ! a houfe where tiavel- 
 lers may meet with entertainment and lodg- 
 ing for themfelves, and (labling, &c. for 
 their horfes ; a place where (tudents were 
 boarded and taught: hence the colleges for 
 fludents in common law arecallcd invsof court . 
 To INN, V. A. to houfe or put under 
 cover, applied to hulhandry ; to put up or 
 lodge at an inn. 
 
 INN' ATE, or INNA'TED,Adj. \innc, Fr, 
 
 i/i.>.ii^w.!,Lat.l inborn; born within; implanted. 
 
 INNA'T'eNESS, S. the quality of being 
 
 born in a perfon, and making a part of his 
 
 .nature. 
 
 I INNA'VIGABLE, Adj. [inna-vigahilis^ 
 Lat. J not to be failed upo-n ; not to be paficd 
 in a fiiip. 
 
 IN'NER, Adj. [the comparative degree of 
 in, the fuperlative is inmoft, or innermuj}] ap- 
 plied to the mind, internal. Applied to fitu- 
 ation, more from the furface than the thing 
 compared. 
 
 IN'NERMOST, Adj. fuperlative of in, 
 which has likewife hn:o/}] at the greateft dif- 
 tance from the furface or beginning. 
 
 INNHO'LDER, S. a perfon who keeps 
 an inn. 
 
 IN'NING, S. the ftate of a perfon at a 
 game, who goes in or plays firft. In Law, ufed 
 in the plural, for lands recovered from the fea. 
 I'NNKEEFER, S one who keeps a public 
 houfe, ivhere travellers may meet with pro- 
 vifion and lodging. 
 
 I'NNOCEiN'CE, or I'NNOCENCY, S. 
 \ innocence, Fr. innocenlia, Lat ] a (late of 
 mind which has not been tainted by the 
 coniniillion of any crime ; purity from any 
 injurious aftion ; harmlc-nnefs. 
 
 I'NNOCENT, Adj. [Fr. ir.roicns, Lat.] 
 harmlefs; free from mifchief, or any parti- 
 cular guilt. 
 
 I'NNOCENT, S. one who is free from 
 guilt or harm. Figuratively, an ideot, or 
 one who is foolifh. " Innocents are excluded 
 " by natural dcfefts." Hooker, 
 I I'NNOCENTLY, Adv. without intending 
 I any harm or mifchief j without guilt ; with 
 I limplicity aiiling from weaknefs of under- 
 ! Itanding. 
 
 I iMNO'CUOUSjAdv. [;>off;Hj,Lit.] harm- 
 ; Icfs in iti effe^ls. 
 
 [ INNOCUOUSLY, Adv. without any mif- 
 chievouscriTeOs. 
 
 JNS'OCUOfSNESS, S. harmk-fTnefs. 
 \ To I'NNOVATE, V. A \inno-varus, 
 ■ ircin Jiiv.iT/'j Lat j to bring in fomething not 
 { khowA
 
 I N O 
 
 kuown before; to alter, by introducing fame- 
 thin » new. 
 
 INNOVA'TION, S, change arifing from 
 the introdiidtion of fomething unknown, or 
 not pracftifed before. 
 
 INNOVA'rOR, S. {!nr':-vau:ir, Fr.] one 
 that introduces new cuftoms or opinions ; 
 one that makes alterations by introducing no- 
 vehies. 
 
 INN'O'XIOUS, Adj. [innoxhs, Lat.] free 
 from mifchievous effects ; free from guih. 
 
 INNO'XIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to intend or do no harm. 
 
 IKNO'XfOUSNE.SS, S. the quality of 
 operating without producicg any mifcbicvous 
 effcas. 
 
 INNU'F.NDO, S. [Lat. o£ innuo, Lat.] an 
 indire(ft hint, or charge of a crime. 
 
 INNUMERABLE, Adj. [Fr. himmera- 
 hilis, Lat.] fo numerous as not to be counted 
 or reckoned. 
 
 INNU'MER.ABLY, Adv. without number. 
 
 INNU'MEROUS, Adj. [mnnr.erus, Lat ] 
 too many to be counted. 
 
 To INO CULATE, V. A. [bioculo, Lat. 
 from in and oiulus, Lat,] in Botany, to pro- 
 pagate any plant by inferting its bud in ano- 
 ther flock; to yield a hud to another flock. 
 In Phyfic, to communicate the fmail-pox by 
 infufing the matter of the pock taken from 
 one perfon into the veins of another. 
 
 INOCULA'TION, 6. the aft of includ- 
 irig or inlerting the bnd of one tree in an in- 
 cifion made in the bark of another, by which 
 means it is made to bear the fame fruit as 
 the tree from which the bud is taken. In 
 Medicine, the pradtice of communicating the 
 fmall-pox by means of infuling the matter of 
 a ripened puflule into the veins of a perfon 
 who has not had that diflemper. 
 
 INOCUL.'^'TOR, S. one who propagates 
 frees, or coramiuiicatcs tlie fmall-poxby ino- 
 culation. 
 
 INO'DORATE., Adj. [of In and cdcratus, 
 Lat.] having no fcent. 
 
 INO'DOROU.S, Adj. [oi in zn^ odorous] 
 wanting fcciit ; nor caufing any fenfation in 
 the organs of fmelling. 
 
 JNOFFF.'NSIVE, Adj. giving no provo- 
 cation or offence; giving no pain or terror. 
 
 INOFFE'NSIVELY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to give no offence or provocation, 
 
 INOFFE'NSIVENESS, S. the quaHty of 
 giving no provocation. 
 
 INOFFrCIOUS, Adj. [of ;« and ojirw/.f] 
 not fl riving to do any thing to ferve or ac 
 <ommod;'.te another 
 
 INOPPORTU'NF, Adj. [inopportunw , 
 L::t ] not done at a proper time. Seldom ufed 
 
 INO'RDINANCY, S. want of regularity 
 and order. 
 
 INO'RDINATE, Adj. [of /«and ordina 
 (US, Lat.] not under proper rules, reflraint, 
 or regulation, 
 
 INO'RDINATELY, Adv. iu a manucr 
 
 I N S 
 
 Aibje<fl to no order, reflraint, or regulation ; 
 irregularly. 
 
 INO'RDINATENESS, S. want of being 
 fubjeiff to rules, or reflraint. 
 
 JNOXDINA'TION, S. w-nt of being re- 
 duced to order, or reflrained by rules. 
 
 INORGA'NICAL, Adj. [of in ani crga- 
 iiiccii] without fit orir^-'Rs orinftrumental paus. 
 
 To INO'SCULATE, V. N. fof in and 
 ofculiiw, Lat.J to join by being inferted in 
 each other. 
 
 INOSCULA'TIOX, S. the ac^ of joining 
 by having its extremities inferted in eacli 
 other 
 
 I'NQLIEST, S. [cvqurp, Fr. inquipio, 
 Lat. ' a judicial enquiry or examination ; 
 fearch or fludy. In Law, the trial of a caufe 
 by jurors, or a jury. 
 
 JNQUi'ETUDr, S. [Yi-.inqidetudo, inqm- . 
 etiis, Lat.] a flate of difturbance or anxiety, 
 applied .to the mind ; want of tranquility ; 
 an aftion whereby the tranquility of the 
 mind is attacked or difturbed. 
 
 INQUI'RABLE, Adj. that which may be 
 inquired or examined into. 
 
 To INQLU'RE, V._N. [ai^^Jra-, Fr. /;;- 
 juira, Lat. j to a(k queftions for information ; 
 to make fe.irch, or excite to curinfity. 
 
 INC^Ul'RER, S. a perfon who examines, 
 or fearclies aficr fomething unknown ; one 
 who aflis oueflions by way of examination, or 
 in order to be informed. 
 
 INtWJ'RY, S. the a« of fearching by 
 qucftious after fom^ thing unknown ; exami- 
 nation. 
 
 INC>lJISI'TION, S. [Fr, .-^pZ/T.-.-c, Lat.] 
 judicial inquiry. Figuratively, difcudion, or 
 fearch al'tcr fomething unknown, applied to 
 the mind. In Law, a manncrof proccedingiii 
 criminal caufcs by way of qncflion or exami- 
 nation. A fpiritiial court, in Roman Catholic 
 countries, appointed for .the trial gnd pynith- 
 ment of hejetics. 
 
 INQin'SITIVF, Adj. \in:,Mj;tus, Lat.] 
 inciiiiring in order to find out fomething un- 
 known ; bufy in fearching or prying into 
 things; continually endeavouring'xo make 
 difcoveries. 
 
 ISQI'I'SITIVELY, Adv.. in a manner, 
 which difcovers a great defuie and intenfe ap- 
 plication to niake difcoveries. 
 
 INQL'I'SI! IVENESS, S, the qudity of 
 prying into things unknown, or the ftcrets of 
 others. 
 
 INQUI'SITOR, S. [Lat. inoui/itair, Fr.] 
 one vvho examines judicially, or fearches in- 
 to the truth of a fact or opinion ; an officer; 
 b'-longing to the i'opilh inq,iufiiion. 
 
 To INU A'lL, V. A. to inclofc with ra'Is. 
 
 I'NROADS, S. a fudden and Ihort invaPoit. 
 or attack upon a country. ' 
 
 INSA'NABLE, Adj. [infriwlilis, Lat.] 
 incurab'c ; not to be removed by medicine. 
 
 IN S A'.V>:, Ad j . [hija,:us, Lat. ] mad ; mak- 
 ing mad. " '] he iiipne root," isLak. 
 
 N a 3 IN'-
 
 INS 
 
 I N S 
 
 TN'SA'TIABLE, Adj. [Fr. hfai:abi!ti,\ To Ih'SERT, V. A. [hfir^r, Fr. hfer- 
 Lat.] fo greedy x)r covetous as not to be ia-U;,j«, from inf^ro, Lat.] to place iaoramongfl: 
 
 tisfied. 
 
 liNfSA'TIABLENESS, S. the quality of' 
 not beini;; fatis^ed or appeafed. 1 
 
 INSATIATE, Adj. [injutlatus, Lat.] fo 
 greedy js not to h,: fatisficd. 
 
 INSAriSFAC'TION, S. [of/rand/::- 
 tisfaSlion] want ; the itate of not being fatis- 
 ficd. Seldom ufed. 
 
 INS A'TUR A BLE, M].[h!jaturabilh, 'Lzt.] 
 not ti he filled or glutted. 
 
 To INSCRI'RE, V. A. [wfcriho, Lat. in- 
 fcrire, Fr.J to write on any tiling; generally 
 applifd to fomething engraved on a monu- 
 ment, or written on the outfide of fome- 
 thing. To mark any thing with letters ; to 
 dedi^^ate to a perf 'n without a formal addrefs. 
 To draw a figuie within another, applied to 
 Diac'i'niatics 
 
 INSCRITTrON, S any fentence writ- 
 ten on the outfide of fometiiinv. o engraved 
 on a monument or flone 5 a title; the aft of 
 afcribing '^r dedicating a book to a perfon 
 without a formal addrefs. 
 
 INSCKU'TABLE, Adj. [Yr. InfcrutahUh, 
 Lat. ) not to be dilcovercd or traced by in- 
 quiry or ftudy 
 
 To IXSCU'LP, V. A. [jnfculpo, Lat.] to 
 engrave or cut. 
 
 To INSE'AM, V. A. [of h and f^'am] 
 to leave a mark in the ftin after a wound is 
 cured. 
 
 INSE'CT, S. {injeao. Lat.] a fpecies of 
 animals, fo called becaufe their bodies feem 
 as it were cut in two, and joined together on- 
 Iv bv a fmall ligature or membrane. 
 
 INSR'CTILE, Adj. refembling or having 
 the nature of infects. 
 
 INSECU'RE, Ai]Mn mifen!re]not.{.x^-. 
 or not protedled from danger or lofs. 
 
 INSECCJ'RITY, S. the (late of being ex- 
 pofed to danger or lofs j want of grounds for 
 confidence. 
 
 INSE'NSATE, Adj. [mfenfato, Ital. in- 
 ffift^ Fr.] without thought or fenfibility of 
 prefent or approaching danger. 
 
 INSENSICI'LITV, S. linfenJMnte, Fr.] 
 want of a power to perceive; dulnefs of per- 
 ception, applied either to the mind or body. 
 
 'iNSK'N'SfBLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be dif 
 corered by the fenfes or mind ; not affected 
 or moved by an objeft belonging either to the 
 body or mind. 
 
 INSE'NSIBLENESS.S. wantoffenfation. 
 
 INSE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a manner not to 
 be perceived. 
 
 INSEf'AR.'lBI'LITy, or INSVPARA- 
 BLEN ESS, S. [from infeparable] the quality 
 of not being feparated or divided. 
 
 INSE'PARABLE, Adj. [Fr. infeparabilh , 
 Lat.] not to be divided ; united fo as not to 
 be parted or feparated. 
 
 INSE'PAR '> BLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be divided, parted, or feparated. 
 
 other things 
 
 INSE'P. riON, S. the act of placing in or 
 amongfl other things ; the tiling placed a- 
 mong others. 
 
 INSE'RVIENT, Adj. [mfer^iens, Lat.] 
 conducing, or oi ufe to promote an end. " In- 
 " fcrvkn: to that intention. " Ercivn. Sel- 
 dom ufcd. 
 
 To INSHE'LL, V. A. to cover or hide in 
 a fhell. " His horns — which were infhcird," 
 Shak. 
 
 To IN-SHIT, V. A. tofhut,put on board, 
 or ftow in a ftiip. " See them fately — In- 
 " y^'/'/f'/." Soak. Not in ufe. 
 
 Tp INSHRINE, V. A. [in znijhnre, of 
 fnii. Sax. j to inclofe in a fhrine or valuable 
 cafe. 
 
 IN'SIDE, S. the inner part, oppofed to* 
 the furface or cutward part. 
 
 INSI'DIOUS Adj. [h'./Idieux, Fr. tr/ullo. 
 fus, Lat.] treacherous; uith an intention to 
 enfnare. 
 
 INSI'DIOUSLY, Adv. in a fly or treach- 
 erous manner; with an intention to enfnare. 
 INSl'GHr, S. [formerly accented on the 
 firft fyllable, Ir.ficbt, Belg.] knowledge of the 
 inward parts of anything ; thorougli flcill in, 
 or acquaintaince with any thing. 
 
 INSIGNFFICANCE, or INSIGNI'FI- 
 CAN'CY, S, [mfigr!iji:jnce, Fr.] want of 
 meaning, applied to words. Want of impor- 
 tance, applied to things. 
 
 INSIGNrriCANT, Adj. wanting mean- 
 ing; conveying no ideas, applied to words. 
 W.inting weight, importance, orapouerof 
 producing an effecTt, applied to perfons and 
 things. 
 
 INSIGNI'FICANTLY, Adv. withou? 
 neaning, applied to language. Without im- 
 portance, or eiYc(\, applied to perfons or things, 
 i rSINCE'RE, Adj. [/;)/;Vcv.w, Lat.] not 
 what a perfon appears ; not hearty ; not 
 foun I : corrupted. " To render fleep's foft 
 " bleffings Inlincere" Pope. 
 
 INSINCE'RITY, S. want of truth or fide- 
 lity; the vice of making great profefCons of 
 friendlliip, without obferving then\. 
 
 To INSI'NEW, V. A. to give ftrength ; 
 to confirm. " Inftneived to this aftion." 
 Shah. Not in ufe. 
 
 INSI'NUANT, Adj. [Fr] having the 
 power to gain or creep into the favour of 
 others. 
 
 To INSINUATE, V. A. {]nfinutr, Fr. 
 Sr.flr.w), Lat.j to make a pafTage for, or in- 
 troduce any thing gently. Figuratively, to 
 gain upon the atfedtions of another imper- 
 ceptibly, and by gentle means. To infill, 
 or infufe gently and imperceptibly, applied to 
 opinions or notions. "To Infmuate wrong 
 " ideas." /-5r/5f.NeuterIy, to wheedle; tofteal 
 imperceptibly ; to be conveyed infenfibly. 
 INSINUATION, S, [Fr. injnuatio, Lat.]
 
 I N S 
 
 t'ne quality of pleafing or ftealing into the af- 
 fc£iions; a hint, or oblique cenfure. 
 
 r Sl'NUA riVE, Aiij. having the power 
 to flcjl on the jffe<n:ions. 
 
 l.VsINUA' rOR, S. one who drops a 
 hint to a perfon's prejudice. 
 
 IN i'l^ID, Adj. {wfnide, Fr. \nf.pidui, 
 Lat.] having no tafte; or not able to affeO 
 the organ of tailing ; without fpirit, or the 
 qualilications necellary to pleafe and divert the 
 jnind. 
 
 INSIPI'DITY, or INSI'PIDNESS, S. 
 \uij1p\dite\ Fr ] wanting the power of aifedling 
 the tafte; wanting life and fpirit^ 
 
 INSl'PIDLY, Adv. in a dull manner j in 
 fuch a manner as not to affcft cr caufc any 
 fenfation in the organ of tafle. 
 
 To INSrS 1-, V. N. \}nfif.cr^ Fr. infifl-<, 
 Lat.] to reft or ftand upon. " The angles 
 " of the one mfift upon the centers." Ray, 
 To remain refolute, or pcriill in a requeft or 
 demand j to dwell upon^ in a difcouife. 
 
 INSl'S TENT, Adj. [wjijiens, Lat.j reft- 
 ing upon any thing. 
 
 iNSl' I'lON, S. [ii^itio, Lat.J the a(fl of 
 infcrtiiig or ingraffing one branch into ano- 
 ther. " Grafting or ;«/;/';'o A!." Ray. 
 
 INSrSTURE, S. a conltant courfe of re- 
 gularity. " The heav'ns themfelves , the 
 " planets — obferve degree injljjure, courfe, 
 *' (y c." Shak. Not in ufe. 
 
 To INSNA'RE, V. A. to catch in a trap 
 or fnare ; to inveigle, or bring into any dan- 
 ger or inconvenience by ndurements ; to in- 
 tangle in dangers and perplexities 
 
 INSNA'RER, S. one who catches any 
 thing in a fnare ; one that inveigles or brings 
 a perfon into perplexity by artifice. 
 
 INSO'CIABLE, Adj. [infodahilh, Lat.] 
 avcrfe to converfation ; not fit for a compa- 
 nion 5 not fit to be united or joined togetiier. 
 *' Lime and wood are infociaLle " H'ottan. 
 
 INSOBRI'E rY, S. drunkennefs. 
 
 To INSOLATE, V. A. [mjolo, Lat.] to 
 dry in the fun. 
 
 IN'SOLENCE, or IN'sOLENCY, S. [/«- 
 felence, Fr infoUntia, Lat j pride, exerted in 
 treating others in a difdainful and contemp 
 tuous manner. 
 
 IN'SOLENT, Adj. [Fr injokns, Lat.Jbe- 
 liavini; witii an uncommon degree of pride, 
 difdain, and contempt. 
 
 IN'SOLENTLY, Adv. in a proud manner, 
 attended with contempt, difdain, or a total 
 difrcgard of a pcifon's fuperior, " He info- 
 lently talked i .nc of love " Dryd. 
 
 INSO'LVABLE, Adj. not to be cleared 
 up or exnl ined, applied to difficulties in 
 writing. Tii.^t which cannot be paid, ap 
 plied to debts. 
 
 INSO'LUBLE, Adj. nnfolubilh, Lat.] not 
 to he cleared up, expL-ned, or rendered in - 
 jteliig ble, applied to diffimkies in writing. 
 Not to bedlitolved bj ..n\ fluid. Not to bc 
 ft^arateJ, applied to fuJjRanccs, 
 
 I N S 
 
 INSCLVENT, Adj. [h -j^nifohcm, from 
 fol-vo, Lat. : not able to pay. I'fed fubftaa- 
 tively for a man that cannot pay his debts. 
 
 INSO'LVlNCY, S. the quality of not 
 being able to pay, applied to deUs. 
 
 LVSOMU'CH, Adv. ( of in, Jo, and much'\ 
 fo that ; to fuch a degree that. 
 
 To INSPF'CT, V. A. {ir.jpcBum, from 
 infpicio, Lat.] t( look into by way of exami- 
 nation or fnperin tendance 
 
 INSP, 'C ! ION, S. [infpeaio, Lat.Jtheafl 
 of examining with vigour 5 a narrow, clofc, 
 and critical furvey. 
 
 JNSPF.'CTOR, .S. fLat.J one who ex- 
 amines or looks into things, in order to dis- 
 cover either faults or beauties ; a perfon who 
 fupei intend"; any performance or undertaking. 
 
 To INSPHF.'RE, V. A. to place in au 
 orb or fphcre. " Bright oeriai fpirits live In- 
 " fpher'd." Mih. 
 
 INSPI'RABLE, Adj. [from infpire'\ that 
 which may be drawn in with the breath ; 
 that which may be infufed by the Deity. 
 
 INSPIR A'TfON, S. in Medicine, tlie aft 
 of drawing in the breath 5 the aft of breath- 
 ing Into any thing ; the infiilion of ideas into 
 the mind by fomc fuperior power. 
 
 To IN.SPl'RF, V. N. [injpiro, Lat. ;"«- 
 fplre>\ Fr.j in Medicine, to draw in the 
 breath. Aclively, to breath into 5 to animate; 
 to encourage. In Divinity, to infufe ideas 
 into the mind ; to imprefs on the fancv. 
 
 INSPI'RER, S, he that communicates 
 ideas to the mind j he that animates or cn- 
 cour-iges. 
 
 To INSPI'SSATE, V. A. fof i« mifr,f- 
 fus, Lat.] to makcanv-fluid thick. 
 
 IN PJSSA'TIONJ S. the, aft of msking 
 any li-|ui(l thick. 
 
 INSTABl'LITY, S. \ inJ}.Sdite\ Fr in- 
 Jlab'Utas, Lat.] inconffancy ; ficklenefsj mu- 
 tability, or a ftate fulijeft to continual altera- 
 tions and decays. " 1 he inJiabUtty of human 
 " affairs " 
 
 INSA'BLE, Adj. linJlMIh, Lat.] un- 
 conftant ; changing, ic-^ I'nfinble. 
 
 o INSTA'L, V. A. {l-.ftahcr, Fr.] to ad- 
 vance to any rank or office. 
 
 INSTALLA' riOV, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 giving a perfon vifibk poflefnon of any office 
 or digrity, by placing him in the feat which 
 belongs to it. 
 
 IN'-TA'LMENT, S. the aft of inftallJng, 
 or of conferring a dignity on a pe. ;<'!, by 
 placing him in a particular feat ; the feat in 
 which a perfon is in Hailed 
 
 I'NSTANCE, or I'NSTANCY, S. r;„, 
 fiance, Fr.J an carneft or .rdcnt and impor- 
 tunate requeft or folicitation ; a motive, o; 
 prefTing argument ; an ex.imple ufej t<> illuf- 
 trate and enforce ?ny doftrine ; the llatc of 
 a thing. " In the firft Z'^^i'J'V." J/^/c Oc- 
 cafion ; opportuni'-y j aft. " Difficult )n,'?rtKfa 
 " of duty." Tvoir /J. 
 
 To VNSTaNCE, V- N, to producp as 
 N n 4 example j
 
 I N S 
 
 example; to confirm or illuflrate an argu-' 
 mcnt. 
 
 I'NSTANT, AJj. [Fr. inpvs, Lat.] ear- 
 ned ; prclTing ; immediate; without delay, 
 c any rime intervening ; quick. 
 
 TNSTANT, S fuch a part of duration 
 wherein we perctivc no fucceffion ; the pre- 
 fent moment In Commerce, the p-efent 
 month. " On the zcth ir.jlant.^' Guard. 
 No. qS. 
 
 INSTANTA'NEOU.^;, Adj. {infiantaneus, 
 
 Lat 1 done in an iniiant, or without any 
 
 pcri'. i^t\Wiii AiccefTJ.Tn , with the utmofl: fpecd. 
 
 ISSTANT.VNF.OrSLY, Adv. in an in- 
 
 ftdMt. -: in un undivifiiile point ot' time. 
 
 T'NSTANTLY, Adv [i.-.v-ar/rr, Lat.j 
 immedi;ite'ly ; without any perceptil-,ie delay, 
 or intevvcntiori of time ; with urgent and 
 prefllno imi^ortunity. i 
 
 To INS f'A'TE, V. A. to place in a cer 
 tain rank or condition ; to pofiefs, or give 
 polPdion. " His pofleffions — we do wftate 
 ^' and widow you withal.'" Sbak. The laft 
 fenfe is obfolete. 
 
 INSTAOPvA'TION, S.- [Fr. \nftM<rath, 
 Lat.] the aift of rcrtoring to a former ftate. 
 
 INSTE'AD, Prep, in the room or place ; 
 Cqu:! to. 
 
 To I.VSTR'EP, V. A. to foak in any li- 
 quid or moillurc. " In gore he lay inftcep'd." 
 Skah, To lay under water. 
 
 I NSTKP, S. the upper part of the foot, 
 ■where it join!; to the le^. 
 
 To I'NS r IG ATE, V. A. \wfugatm, Lat.] 
 to urge on, or provoke to the comniinion of 
 a crime. 
 
 INSTIG.VTIONT, S. the act of inciting, 
 provoking, or impelling the commidion of 
 iomrthine evil 
 
 ■INSTiGA'.TOR, .S. [Injn^atcur, Fr.] one 
 who incites a perfon lo commit a crime. 
 
 To INSTI'L, V. A. {tvfnlio, Lat. irflWa; 
 Fr.l to pour in hy drops ; to infufe or in- 
 finnate any opinion or idea imperceptibly into 
 the mind. 
 
 fNSilLLA'TION, S. {ivfimauo, Lat.] 
 the adi of tjouring hy drops ; the aft of infuf- 
 ing, or communicating llowly ; th:it which 
 is inftilled or communicated. " They em- 
 f hitter the cup of life by infenfible iiipUu- 
 " :::>!S.''' Rtinibler. 
 
 I'NSTINCT, S. [Fr ;.:,'?;;.v.v.sLat. for- 
 merly accented on the laflf", liable] that power 
 which a<fls on and impeh brutes to any par- 
 ticular manner of concuft, fuppofed neceiTaiy 
 in its eff.-fts, and to be given them inftead of 
 lenfon. 
 
 INSTI'NCTED, Adj. [InfwRw, Lat.] 
 
 I N S 
 
 pine of inf.ifi/o, Lat.] to fix, fettle, appoinf, 
 or enaift, applied to laws or orders. To in- 
 (huft, or form by inftru<f\ion. " If children 
 " were rif.htly h-.Ji'-.'.u'ed." Decay of Piety. 
 
 INSTITUTE, S. \h:ftitut,'Yr. inftmtuK, 
 Lat.] aneflabliriiedcuftom or law ; a precept, 
 maxim, or principle, 
 
 INSTITU'TION, S. the enablifliinjj a 
 law or cuftom ; an eftablifhrnent ; a pofitive 
 law. 
 
 INSTITU'TTONARY, Adj. containing 
 the elcnients or fird principles of any fcience 
 or doftrine. 
 
 INS TI rU'TOR, S. [Lat. injihuteur, Fr.J 
 one who edablifhes any cuftom or do<ftrir.e ; 
 one whoinflru(fts a perfon in tlie elements or 
 fiid piinciplcs of any fcience or doftrine. 
 
 IN.STI I U'TIST, S. a writer of inftitute.?, 
 or explanation of la'vs, or of the maxims and 
 firft principles on which any fy(lei.-n cf laws or 
 fcience are founded. " The irfiituiijls would 
 " perfuade us." Hai-qjey. 
 
 To INSTO'P, V. A. ts> clofe up or flop. 
 " The Teams iajlop." Dryd. 
 
 To INSTRU'C r, V. A. \wflr!,fft<m, from 
 inJ}riio, Lat.] to teach or cnn-,mi:nicite know- 
 ledge to another In Law, to model or form 
 by previous difcourre. 
 
 INSFRU'CTOR, S. orte who communi- 
 cates know led i^e, or teaches. . 
 
 INSTRU'CTION, S. the aft of teaching 
 or imparting knowledge ; any precept convey- 
 ing knowledge ; a precept or dir(:<nion from 
 a fuperior 
 
 INSTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [wftrua}/, Fr.] 
 conveying knowledge. 
 
 I'NSTRL'MKNT, S. [injlnmentum, Lat.] 
 a tool ufed in executing any work. In Mufic, 
 a frame of wood, l£jc. fo compofid as to ren- 
 doi" harmonious founds. In Law, a writing 
 containing any contraft or order. Theagent 
 or means by which any thing is done. 
 
 INSTRUMF/NTAL, Adj. conducing as 
 a means to fome end. Inflmnuntal v:ufic, is 
 that produced by an indrumcnt, and oppofed 
 to vocul. 
 
 INSTRUMENTA'LITY, S. the acflion or 
 agency of any thing as a means ; the quality 
 of atting in fiil'.nrdination. 
 
 INS I KUME'NTALLY, Adj. in the na- 
 ture of an inflrumcnt ; as a means. 
 
 INSTRLME'NTALNLSS, S. the qua- 
 lity of conducing to advance or promote an 
 end. 
 
 INSUTFERABLF, .Idj. beyond rtrength 
 or patience of a perfon to bear ; not to he 
 borne or allowed. 
 
 IN.>U'FFf':R.ARLY, Adv. to a degree be- 
 
 imprefTed as an animating pow^r or infHnft. ! yon.l the poflibility of being endured with 
 
 INSTI'VCTiVE, Adj. operating on the} patitncc. 
 mind previous to any determination of the! IN'SUFFI'CIENCE, or INSUFFI'CIEN* 
 will, or anv u:"e of rcjfon. CY, S. [ir:ftiffi.k:-ce, Fr.] want of power, 
 
 INSTI'NC I IVKLY, Adv. by infiimfl. j ihenotb, or v-ilue, propoi tinnable to any end. 
 
 To I'NSriTU TE, V. A. [^Fim.vw;, i\\-\ iNSUFFI'CIEN T, Adj. not proportionate 
 
 to
 
 I N T 
 
 tn any end, ufe, orpurpofe; wanting abili- 
 ties ; unfit. 
 
 INSUFFI'CIENTLY, Adv. in fuch ; 
 manner as to want either the ability, qualifi 
 cation, or ikill. 
 
 I'NSULAR, or I'NSULARY, Adj. [w 
 fuLire, Fr. wfuluris, Lat.] belonging to an 
 illand. 
 
 I'NSULATED, Adj. [mfula, Lat.] _ in 
 building, applied to any column or edifice 
 wl'.icli frands by itlcif. 
 
 INSU'LT, S. [infiilte, Fr. Infultus, Lat.] 
 the a<n of leaping upon anything; an aflault ; 
 an aft of hau^hiinefs and contemptuous out- 
 rage. 
 
 To INSU'LT, V. A. \lnfuI'o, Lat. ;"/.- 
 fttltcr, Fr.J to treat with liau^htinefs, con- 
 tempt, and outrage. " Bein;;down, injultcd, 
 " railed." Sh.!k. In War, to afTault or at- 
 tack a port witii open force. 
 
 rNSU'LTER, S, one who treats another 
 with difdainful or contemptuous hauijitinefs. 
 
 INSU'LTINGLY, Adv. (.ontemptuoully ; 
 djfdainfully. 
 
 INSUPERABI'LITY, S. [from hfupc'-a- 
 IfJe] the q-uality of b-ring invincible. 
 
 I N T 
 
 I'NTEGER,S. [Lat.J the whole of any 
 iiiing. In Arithmetic, a whole number, op- 
 pofed to a fraftion. 
 
 I'NTEGRAL, Adj. [Fr.] whole or com- 
 prizing all its conftituent parts ; without dc- 
 feft ; complete ; without injury. " Though 
 " of ir!tci^r:2l parts." Holder. Belonging to, 
 or confiding of whole numbers, applied to 
 Arithmetic. 
 
 I'NTEGRAL, S. a whole confifting of 
 dillinft parts, each of which may fubfift apart. 
 
 INTE'GRITY, S. \^inte^rite\ Fr. integritas, 
 Lat.] puiity of mind ; free from any undue 
 l)ias or principle of dilhonefty, 
 
 INTE'GUMENT, S. [htcg.'imentum, Lat. 
 of intego, Lat. ] any thing which covers or 
 invelops another. 
 
 INTELLECT, S. \lntclk5l:n, Lat.] tlic 
 power of the mind, called the underflanding. 
 
 INTELLE'CTION, S. [Fr. intcltecik^ 
 Lat.] the a<fl of the underflanding. " Pro- 
 " duces inteUefiion and fenfe." Eentk'). 
 
 INTELLE'CTIVE, Adj. {Intellehif, Fr.] 
 having the power of underffanding. 
 
 INTELLE'CTUAL, Adj. \lntdkciual, 
 Fr.] relating to, or performed by the mind or 
 
 IN-SU PKRABLE, Adj. [Ini'ziperaLUh, Lat.] i underflanding ; having the power of under- 
 
 not to be overcome by labour, or furniounted 
 by (h;dy. 
 
 INSU'PERABLENES?, S. impodibility 
 of being overcome or furmounted. 
 
 INSUTERAFLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as not to be overcome. 
 
 INSUPPO'RTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] beyond 
 the (IrL-ngtl! of a perfon to bear, applied either 
 to the Iiody or mind. 
 
 INSUPPO'RTABLF.NFSS, S. the fiatc of 
 being beyond a pcrfon's power to fiipport or 
 bear. 
 
 INSUPPO'RTABLY, Adv. to fuch a de- 
 gree as not to be endured oV borne. 
 
 INSU'KANCE, 'S,.\ajJhn2nce,Yv.] fecurity 
 given to make g/od the lofs of fhips, mer- 
 ch.andize, (^c. lofi, taken, or deflroyed, or 
 houfes, feft'. from fire, in confideraiion of 
 a fum of money paid. 
 
 To INSU'RE, V. A. [apra-^ Fr.] to un- 
 dertake to mnke good any thing in cafe it 
 fhall be loft or deflroyed. 
 
 INSURMOUNTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not 
 to be overcoR-iC. 
 
 (landing; propofed as tlie objeft of the undpr- 
 ftanding. "The intellc-Ftual (^([em." Cudnu. 
 
 INTELLE'CTUAL, S. the power of the 
 underflanding. " Whofe higher meHectuaW* 
 Par. Lofl. 
 
 INIE'LLIGENCE, orlNTE'LLIGEN- 
 CY, S. {irtcHigentia, Lat.] a commerce or 
 reciprocal commnnicationof things diflant or 
 fecret 5 ti^e unJerltanding. 
 
 INTE'LLIGENCER, S. one who fends 
 or conveys news of what is done in diflant 
 and fecret parts. 
 
 INTE'LLIGENT, Adj. [Fr, w/r/^.w, 
 Lat.] having the power of underllinding ; 
 knowing, or undertlanding ; giving informa- 
 tion, or communicating news. 
 
 INTELLIGE'NTIAL, Adj. confining of 
 mind- free from body. " InteUigential fub- 
 ' (lances." P^r. Li5/?. Exercifing, or proceed- 
 ing from exerting, the underftjnriiiig ; be- 
 longing to the underlTanding. *' With art 
 
 'nttlH^enia:." Par. Lcji, 
 
 INTE'LLIGIBLE, Adj. [Fr. irfeingllUis, 
 Lat.] to be conceived by the underflanding ; 
 
 INSURiMOU'NTABLY, Adv. in fuch a pofliblc to be underRood. 
 
 manner as not tn be overc-i.iie 
 
 INSURRA'TION,S.awhifpcring:ntheear. 
 
 INSURRE'CflON, S. [inJurr^Bam, of 
 hifurgo^ Lat.] a feditious rifing, or tuniuit 
 formed in opposition to a government. 
 
 INTA'GLIO, S [Ital | any thing having 
 figures engraved on it, particularly applied to 
 precious ftones, that have tlie heads of great 
 men engraved on them. 
 
 IK'TA'NGIBLE, Adj. -that which cannot 
 be tou'-hed. 
 
 INTA'STEABLF, ^dj. not to be tailed; 
 j'nfipid. 
 
 INTE'LLIGIBLENESS, .S. the quality 
 of .being pofTible to be underdood. 
 
 INTE'LLIGIBLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to be underftood. 
 
 INTE'MP; RANGE, S. [Fr. iufen-prr.m- 
 tia, Lat.] want of governing the fcnfual ap- 
 petites ; excefs in eating or drinking. 
 
 INTE'MPERATF, .-^dj, \irttc-»:pcratus, 
 Lat. intempcrart, Fr.] not governed or re- 
 ftrained within thebounds of moderation ; eat- 
 ing, drinking, or doing any thing to excefs. 
 
 INrt'xMPERATELY, Adv. beyond the 
 bounds of temperance j exccirively. 
 
 INTE'iMP-
 
 I N T 
 
 INTE'MPERfATKNESS, S. wart oF mo- 
 deration ; unfearon'i!.l.'ncrs,appli'"cl to weather. 
 TNTE'MPERATURE, s! excefs of fome 
 quality. 
 
 To INTE'ND, V, A r/«.v,"r/*, Lat.] to add 
 forci: to, or to Iieigluen a quality " Msgnet- i 
 " it'm.inay be inttnded, or remitted." Nenvtoni 
 Opt, To mean ; to defign, or propofe to do 
 a thh-sT. 1 
 
 IN'TE'NDANT, S. [Fr.] an cfEcer of the 
 liigher dafs, who overfees any particular 
 branch of public bufinefs. " His intsndan: 
 «< general of marine." j^rbuth. 
 
 IN rFL'NDMENT, S. { erundcKCni , Fr.] 
 intention, defig", or meaning. 
 
 INTENIBLE, Ac.\. [comiViOnly fpelt :«- 
 terabk, of in and tcr.U>lc.\ that which cannot 
 hold. " This intanbk ficve." Shak. Not to 
 be held, or defended from an enemy, applied 
 to fortf, feft. 
 
 INTE'N'SE, Adj. [hfenfuf, Lat.] flrained, 
 heightened, orincrearcd to a !iigh degree, ap- 
 plied to cjiialities. Ve!ic:ncnt, or forclI)lc, 
 applied to words. " In more ardent and in- 
 •• feK/^-phrafes." j^Jdtf. Kept on the ftrctch ; 
 anxiouilyattentive, applied tothemind, "The 
 " ontintcnfc, the other iliil remifs." Par. Lcji. 
 INTt'NSELY, Adv. to a very great de- 
 gree 
 
 IN" rE'NiENESS, S. the ftateof being in- 
 creafed to a high degice ; force j the ftate 
 of a thing upon the llrctck. 
 
 INTEM->ION, S. [Fr. ma:f.o, Lat.} the 
 aft of iieightening the degree of any quality \ 
 or of forcing or llraining any thing, oppofed 
 to making lix or loofcning. 
 
 INTE'NSIVE, Adj. ftretched, increafed, 
 or heightened with relpeft to itlclf. 
 
 INTE'NSIVELY, Adv. to a great degree. 
 INTE'NT, Adj. f iwf ;:.'?.'.', Lat.J with 
 the mind ftrongly applied to any objedt 5 ufed 
 with on or upon. 
 
 iNTt'N r, S. meaning, applied to words ; 
 a defign, piirpofe, or view formed in the mind. 
 INTE'NTION, S. an aft of the mind, 
 whereby it voluntarily and earneflly fixes its 
 view on any idea, confiders it on every fide, 
 and will not b- called ofT by the ordinary fo- 
 licitation of other ideas j eagernefs of defire j 
 clolenefs of attention ; deep thought ; vehe- 
 mence or ardour of mind, defign, purpofe, or 
 end. 
 
 INTE'N'TIONAL, Adj. done by fixed 
 defign \ defigned. " A direft and ir.temional 
 *' fervice." Roger:. 
 I IN X 'EN 1 lOiVALLY, Adv. by defign or 
 ■fixed choice. 
 
 INTE'NTIVF., Adj. applied fu as not to 
 be divirted by other objefts. 
 
 IN ■■ E'N LIVELY, Adv. with clofe and 
 ftrift ;.pplication. 
 
 IN i L'N'TLY, Adv. with clofe attention. 
 INTERN . NESS, S. the flate of being ap- 
 plied fo a' not to be diverted or called ©ffby 
 other objefts. 
 
 I N T 
 
 To TNTE'R, V. A. [cnterer, Fr.j to pnt 
 under g-osnd or burv. 
 
 IX J ERC.VLAR/or INTERCA'LARY, 
 Adj. [iKU-rai/aire, Fr. hitercahns, Lat.] in- 
 ferted in tije calendar, in orLr to prefcrve 
 the equi(tion of time ; ttius the 25th of Fe- 
 bmary infsrccd in tlie almanac evtry leap year, 
 is called un [-.tenauny d.^y. 
 
 LSTEP.GALA'i JON, S. [Fr. irtenalati^ 
 Lat.j the in fen ion of days in the calendar, 
 in order to m.keup for fome deficiency in 
 our reckonings of time. 
 
 To LN'TERCE'DE, V, A. [/«r,?wA, 
 Lat.] to pafs, or come between ; to mediate, 
 or endeavour to reconcile two parties that arc 
 at variance. 
 
 IMTERCE'DER, S. a mediator ; or one 
 who endeavours to reconcile two parties at 
 variance. 
 
 To 1NTEIIC;E'PT, V. A. [Inferceptus^ 
 Lat. wte/crpth; Fr.] to ftop any pcrfon or 
 thing in tiieir way or in motitm, before thc-y 
 can reach the place intended ; to prevent 
 from biing reached. " Storms vindiftive 
 " intercept the fliore." Fope. 
 
 INTLRCE'PTION, S. the aft of (lop- 
 ping any thing in its courfe, and hindering 
 it friim r;.ach!iig the place it otherwife would; 
 lloppage, or obflrcction. 
 
 INTERCE'SSIOM, S. [Fr. irtercejpo^ 
 Lat. I theaftof endeavouring to reconcile two 
 parties at variance. In Scripture, the aft of 
 pleading in belialf of another, peculiarly ap- 
 plied to Chrift. Interpofition or mediation in 
 behalf of another. 
 
 INTERCE'SSCR, S. [jntercejfeur, Fr. in- 
 Hrceffor, Lat.] a mediator ; one who inter- 
 pofes and pleads in behalf of another ; one 
 who endeavours to reconcile two parties at 
 variance. 
 
 To INTERCHA'IN, V. A. to chain or 
 link together. Figuratively, to unite indiflo- 
 lubly. " Two pcrfcns ir.tercbaired with an 
 " oath." St.ak. 
 
 To INTERCHA'NGE, V. A. to put in 
 the place of another ; to change, or gjve for 
 fomething received of anotlier j to fucceed 
 alternately, or by turns. 
 
 INTERCHANGE, S. commerce, traffic, 
 or mutual cha::ge of commodities brtween 
 two pcrfons ; alternate fiiccefiion. 
 
 INTERCHA'NGEABLE, Adj. given and 
 taken mutually j following each other in al- 
 ternate fucceflion. 
 
 INTERCHA'NGEABLY, Adv. alter- 
 nately ; mutually. 
 
 INTERCHA'NGEMENT, S. theaftof 
 riving and receiving. 
 
 '^ JNTERCFPIENT, S. [inttrciplem, Lat.] 
 fomething that intercepts or caufes a (loppage, 
 applied to medicine.?. 
 
 ir<I lERCI'SION, S. [inter and cado, 
 Lst.] interruption. " By ccflation of ora- 
 " cles, wc may uuderftand their inUrcj/ioti." 
 \ Bioivn,
 
 I N T 
 
 I N T 
 
 To INTERCLU'DE, V. A. \hiterduth, wnkh expi-efles f)me fuddeo emotion of the 
 
 X-at-j to (hut from a place, or Iiinder from 
 performing, by fomething intercepting or in- 
 tervening; to intercept. " i lie voice is fome- 
 *' times in fcrcluded by hoarftnefs." Holder. 
 
 INTERCLU'SION, S. the aft of inter- 
 cepting or obftrufting. 
 
 INIHRCOLUMNIA'TION, S. \mter, 
 Lat. and cdumna, Lut.J thefpace between two 
 pillars. 
 
 INTERCOMMU'NITY, S. a mutual 
 communication or commnnityj a mutual free- 
 dom or cxcrcife of religion ; adoption of re- 
 ligions lites between two of more fhites. 
 
 INTERCO'STAL, Adj. \o{]nurd.r\ikcofta, 
 Lat.] placed or lltuated between the ribs. 
 
 I'NTERCuUPvSK, S. [^z-rwrars, Fr.] 
 commerce or mucual exchange. Communi- 
 cation, applied to places or perfons. '' An 
 " inrercourfe with England." Bac. " An in- 
 <' tecoui-fe with the fupremc m'mi.^'' Attcrb. 
 
 IN TERCU'RRENCE, S. {Intercurran, of 
 intercurro, Lat. ) the aftion of running be- 
 tween. " Without the intercurrence of a li- 
 •* quor.'' Boyle. Seldom ufeJ. 
 
 INTERCU'RRENT, Adj. [inurcurrens, 
 Lat.] running between. " Some fubtle in- 
 " tercurrent matter." Bcfle. Not in ufe. 
 
 To INTERDI'CT, V. A : ;"«tov/;Vf, Fr.] 
 to forbid, applied to laws, or the commanu 
 of a fuperio: . in Canon Law, to forbid from 
 enjoying communion with the church. 
 
 INTERDI'CT, S. a law which forbids 
 any thing. Among the Papifls, a prohibi- 
 tion of the pope to the clergy to celebrate the 
 holy offices. 
 
 INTERDI'CTION, S. [Fr. Ir.terdiah, 
 
 Lat.] a law or decree wiiich forbids any thing. 
 
 INrEROrCrORY, Adj. containing a 
 
 prohibition or forbiddance. 
 
 To INTERE'ST, V. A. [Inter 
 
 Fr.] 
 
 to concern ; to effeft ; to give a fhare in ; to 
 gain the affe<fHons, or be very clofcly con- 
 iiefted with a perfon's intereft or welfare. 
 
 I'N rEREST, S. concern, advantage, or 
 good influence over others ; fhare, or part in 
 any undertaking ; a regard to private or pcrfo- 
 nal advantage or profit j a fum paid for the ufe 
 pf monev; a farplus of advantage or profit. 
 
 To INTERFE'RE, V N. [inter ^nAfcrio, 
 Lat.] to interpofe, intermeddle, or become a 
 fliarer in ; to clafh or oppofe. 
 
 INTE'RFLUENT, Adj. [Intafuem, Lat.] 
 flowing between. " The interjhient celeftial 
 *' matter." B':yle. 
 
 INTERFU'SED, Adj. [interfufus, Lat.] 
 poured or fcattercd between. " The ambient 
 " air wide interfufd." Mih. 
 
 INTERJA'CENCY, .S. [.See Interjacent] 
 the aft or (tate of lying between two objefts. 
 
 INTERJA'CENT, Adj. [Inter] jrcns, Lat.l 
 lying between. " Little iflands interjacent.^' 
 Raleigh 
 
 mind, as oh ! alas 
 
 I'NTERIM, S. [Lat.l the mean time ; an 
 interval ; any time coming between two per 
 riods or aftions expreiled. " In the interim.'^ 
 Taller. 
 
 To INTER JO'IN V. A tn ioin mutuilly; 
 to intermarry. ♦' interjwi ih^u ilTies." 
 Shak. 
 
 INTE'RIOR, Adj. [interlciir, Fr. ulterior, 
 Lat.] internal ; inmofc. 
 
 INTERKNO'WLt-' DGE,S.mqtua! know- 
 ledge. " AH n-itions have intcrknoiuUdgc, one 
 " of arnther." Bacon. 
 
 To INTERLA'CE, V. A \entrelaJPr,YT.1 
 to intermix ; to ■vcave. plait, or mix one 
 thing viithin another. 
 
 To INTERLA'RD. V. A. \entrelurder, 
 Fr] in Cookery, to m.-: m:',* with bacon, or 
 fat wiih lean ; to iiitcrp.'fe. or in/ert be- 
 tween ; to diverfify with mixture. 
 
 To INTIRLE.VVE, V. A. to hind up 
 with l)lank paper between each of the leaves. 
 To INTliRLI'NE, V. A. to 'vr'e be- 
 tween the lines of a book or manuiciirt. 
 
 1NTERL[NE.A'T10N, S. the aft of writ- 
 ing any thijig between the lines of a printed 
 book or manufcript. 
 
 To INTER Ll'NK, V. A. to conneft 
 chains one within another. Figuratively, to 
 join together, like the links of a chain, whicU 
 n-.ntually conneft each other. " Thefe arc 
 " two chains which are interlinked.'^ Dryd, 
 
 INTERLOCU'TJON, S. [Fr. interkcutio, 
 Lat.] dialogu.', or the eft of fpeaking by 
 turns. "The reheavfal of the pfalms — done 
 " by ir.tedocution." Hacker. 
 
 I N T E R L O'C U T O R , .S . [inter ^nd locutusy 
 Lnt. o£ loqueo, Lat.] the perfon introduced as 
 difcourfing in a dialogue; one that talks with, 
 ariotlier. " The interlocutors compliment." 
 Bosk. 
 
 ■lNTERLO'CUTO''.Y, S. confifting ofa 
 dialogue, or converfation carried on by two 
 or more perfons. In Law, applied to an or- 
 der that does not decide a caufe, but only fet- 
 tles fome matter incident thereto. 
 
 To INTERLOTE, V. N. [inter, Lat.and 
 loopin, Belg.] to run between parties, and in- 
 tercept the advantage that one would gain 
 from the other. In Commerce, to intercept 
 the trade of .i company; to traffic wit' out li- 
 cence ; t- 'xireira'. 
 
 LNTERLOTER, S one who, without li- 
 cence, intercepts ttie tr ide c' ii compmy diat 
 has an exchilive ch^irter; one who runs into 
 bufinefs to which he Itas no rit'.t. 
 
 INTERLUDE, S. {inter, Lat. and hdut, 
 Lat.] fometh-'ig played or pcrfctrmed faetv.'ecii 
 the afts of a c;.iC^edy or comedy ; a farce. 
 
 INTERLU'KNCY, S. [interluers, from 1.7- 
 tfrluo, Lat. the ftdtc of water which r^ns 
 between any two places; the interrofirio:* 
 
 INTERJE'CTION, S. TFr. iVv.'/V.^/o, 1 of water. '^' T\\s. imcrltuncy oi the fea." 
 Lat. j ill Grammar, a part of fpeech, or word, I Uuk, 
 
 INTER-
 
 I N T 
 
 INTERLU'NAR, or INTERLU'NARY, 
 Adj. belonging to the time when the moon is 
 about to change, and becomes invifible. " Hid 
 *' in her vacant irtterluuar cave." Mi'.t. 
 _ INTERMA'RRIAGE, S. the aft of mar- 
 riage between two families. 
 
 To INTERMA'RRY, V. A. to many 
 perfons out of one family with fomc of an- 
 other. 
 
 To INTKRME'DDLE, V. N. to concern 
 one's felf officioiilly with affairs that one has 
 no bulincfs with. 
 
 l.N'TERME'DDLER, S. one that ofTici- 
 oiilly fhnifts himfelf into biifinefs which he 
 has no riglu or call to. 
 
 IN TERM PyDIAL, Aflj. [viur and medius., 
 Lat.] inferrenint;; lying between. "Without 
 *' s.ny ir.ta-ntedial z^riMltS." Taylor. 
 
 INTERME'DIATE, Adj. Wtcrfredlat, 
 Fr. "I intervening; intcrpofed ; placed in the 
 iiii.lJle between two extremes. 
 
 IMTERME'DIATELY, Adv. by way of 
 intervention or interpofition. 
 
 INTE'RMENT, S. [Fr.] burial; the a<fl 
 of burying or putting a corpfe in the pround. 
 
 INl'ERMIGRA'riON, S. fFr.j'the ad 
 of two or more removing from one place to 
 another, fo that each of them occupies the 
 place which the other quitted. " The pofilbi- 
 " Yityof Intermi^ratiom.^' Hale. Seldom ufed. 
 _ INIE'RMINABLE, Adj. [Fr.] admit- 
 ting no boundai y, or limits. L'fed fubll.in- 
 tively for an infinite Being. " As if they 
 " would confine t\\ htermriable.'"' Milt. 
 
 INFERMINA'TION, S. [Fr. wtenrwa- 
 t!0, Lat.] a threat, or denouncing of punifli- 
 ment again ft crimes. 
 
 To INTERMl'NGLE, V. A. to mix ; to 
 mingle. 
 
 IN FERMI'SSION, S. [Fr. htcrwl/JIs, 
 Lat.] a pjufe, itop, or cclLtion for a time ; 
 the fp ace between any two events ; deby ; a 
 cefTifion of pain or forrow. 
 
 INTEKMI'SSIVE, Ad], affefting by fits, 
 or witli pnafos between. 
 
 To INTERMI'T, V. A. [wtcn,:itto, Lat.] 
 to foi be;ir any thing for a time j to interrupt. 
 To grow mild between the fits or paroxyfms, 
 tpplii^d to levers. 
 
 LNTERMl' TTENT, Adj. [Fr. humvlt- 
 tern, Lat. ] coming only by fits, or after fome 
 f aufc or interval. 
 
 To INTERMI'X, V. A. to mingle, mix, 
 or put fome things between others. 
 
 INTERMl'x'rURE, S. a mafs formed by 
 mi.xing fcveral things. 
 
 INTERMU'NDANE, Adj. \l':':r and 
 mundui, Lat. J exifting or (ituatcd between 
 worlds, or the fcveral bodies which compofe 
 the foiar fyftem. 
 
 INTE'RNAL, Adj. r;"f«-.''«J, Lat.] with- 
 in ; in the mind ; inward. 
 
 INTh'RNALLY, Adv. inwardly; men- 
 till v; in the min.!, fpirir, or underflaiiding. 
 
 IN TER PEL L A'l" i O N, S. [ t r. Imcr^clia- 
 
 I N T 
 
 t'lo, Lat.] in Law, a fummons or call upon. 
 " Extrajudicial interpellation. '^ Ayllffi. 
 
 To INTE'RPOLATE, V. A. [interpohtu^, 
 of ir.terpoh, Lat. intcrpoler, Fr.j to foift a 
 tiling into a place, by forgery, to which it 
 does not belong ; to renew ; to begin again 
 after intermiflion. " Interpolated motions." 
 Bale. Seldi>m ufed in the laO: fenfe. 
 
 INTERPOLA'TION, S. [Fr.J fomething 
 added to the original, applied to manufcripts 
 or books. 
 
 INrERPOLA'TER,S.[Lat.;»/f'-;«/^to/r, 
 Fr. I a ptrfon who inferts or foifts forged 
 pad'.gcs into an original. 
 
 INTERPO'SAL, S. [from interpof-} the 
 aft of intervening between two pcrfons ; in- 
 terpofition ; intervention. 
 
 To INTERPO'SE, V. A. \interpofcr, Fr ] 
 to thrufi: in between two perfons, as an ob- 
 flruftion, interruption, or inconvenience ; to 
 come between, or refcue from any danger. 
 
 INTERPO'SER, S. one that comes be- 
 tween cth.ers ; a mediator ; one that intrudes 
 hinifelf into, or meddles with, another per- 
 fon'b atlairs. 
 
 LMTtRPOSI'TION, S. [Fr. interpofitio, 
 Lat.] the aft of intervening, in order to pre- 
 vent or promote a dcfign ; mediation ; inter- 
 vention, or the flate cf being placed between 
 two " The intirc interpcfuion of the earth." 
 Raldvb. A thing placed between two ex- 
 tremes. 
 
 To INTTE'RPRET, V. A. [tntcrpretar!, 
 Lat. ir.terpreter, Fr.] to explain any difficulty 
 in writing; to tran flate ; to decipher; to 
 give a folution ; to expound. 
 
 INTE'RPRETABLE, Adj. capable of 
 being tranilated, deciphered, or explained. 
 
 INTERPRETA'TION, S. [Fr. intafre- 
 tafio, Lat. J the aft of explaining the meaning 
 of a foreigner in our ow.'r language; thefetife 
 given by a tranll.itor. 
 
 INTE'RPRETATIVELY, Adv. as may 
 1)6 coUefted by way of explanation. 
 
 INTfRPRETER, S. [intcrpretc, Tr. in- 
 terpret, Lat 1 an explainer ; a tranllator. 
 
 INTER. PU'NCnON, S. [intcrpunaio, 
 Lat.] the aft of placing flops or points be- 
 tween words. 
 
 INI ER-RE'GNUM, S, [Lat.] the time 
 in which a throne is vacant, between the 
 death of one prince and the acceflion of an- 
 other. 
 
 To INTERROGATE, V. A. [interroga- 
 tr/s, of interroga, Lat. inttrroger, Fr.] to ex- 
 amine by afking queflions ; to afk queflions. 
 
 INTERROGA'TION, S. ( Fr. ir.terro^a. 
 tio, Lat. J a qneflion. In Grammar, a point 
 ufed after a queftion, is it not marked thus (.') 
 
 JNTERKtHGATIVE, Adj. [im.rrogatif, 
 fr.] dtaoting a queflion ; exprefled in the 
 forin of a ciuefllon. 
 
 INTERR0'C;AT1VE, S. in Grammar, 
 a pvonouii uled in alking queflions, as ivLo? 
 zchat ? 
 
 INTER.-
 
 I N T 
 
 TMTERRO'GATIVELY, Adv. in the 
 fcurn of a qiieltion. 
 
 INTE.'IROGA'TOR, S. one who a.'ks, 
 or examines by afning 4iieQions. 
 
 INTER R O'G ATOR Y, S. [murrogatoire, 
 Fr.j a qucftion. 
 
 JNTERRO'GATORY, AJj. containing 
 Of cxpredlng a quelHon. 
 
 To INTERRU'l' r, V. A. [interruptus, of 
 Interrun'.pc, Lat. J to hinder the procefs, mo- 
 tion, or dire<flion of any thing, by breaking 
 in upon it ; to hinder a perftn fiom finilliing 
 his lentence by fpeaking to him in the middle 
 of it. To divide or leparate by rupture, 
 " The main abyfs wide interrupt." Par. L'Jl. 
 This fenfe. tho' agreeable to the etymology, 
 is not in nfe, 
 
 INTERRU'PTEDLY, Adv. not without 
 ftnppages. 
 
 iNlERRU'PTER, S. one who m-ikes a 
 perfon break off in the middle of his difcuurfc 
 by loeaking to him, 
 
 INTERRU'PTION, S. [Fr. interruptio, 
 Lat.] in its primary Icnfe, but feldom uled, 
 breach or lepar^tion between tiie pans by 
 breaking; interpofition. " Severed by the 
 " wrc/Ti-^f/V/ of the lea." Figur itivtly, in- 
 tervention ; liindrance ; or tlie act of liop- 
 ping any thing in motion. 
 
 INTERSCA'PULAR, Adj. [inter and fca- 
 p!i!a, Lat. J in Anatomy, placed between the 
 ftioulders. 
 
 To INTERSE'CT, V. A- [interfiaum, 
 frnm intcfeco, Lat.] to cut or crols ; to di- 
 vide each other mutually j to meet and ciofs 
 each other, 
 
 INTERSE'CTION, S. l!>itirfiaw, Lrit.J 
 the point where lines crofs each other. 
 
 ToLNrTERSF.'RT, V. A. [interferr:ai, of 
 Interjcro, Lat. J to put in or introduce between 
 other things. " If I may irrwjert a iliort 
 " pliilofophical diflertation." Breennv. 
 
 INTERSE'RTION, S. a thing inferted 
 between others. 
 
 To INI ERSPE'RSE, V. A. {imcrjfcrjin, 
 Lat. from intcrjperge, Lat.] to fcat.eramongft 
 other things. 
 
 INTERSPE'RSION, S. the ad of fcat- 
 tering amonw other things. 
 
 INTERsVe'LLAR, Adj. [inter rndftcila] 
 intervening, or lituated between the Itais. 
 " Tlie imcrJicUar fKy." Bacon. 
 
 INTERSTICE, S. {meyfiiuim, Lat ] the 
 fpace Jietween two things, or the time be- 
 tween two events. 
 
 INTERS II'TIAL, Adj. containing in- 
 ter dices. 
 
 INIERTE'XTURE, S. [h-.tcrtextinw., of 
 i^teitexo, Lat. j tlie aft of mingling or weav- 
 ing one thing with another. 
 
 To INTERTWI'NE, or INTE-R- 
 TWIST, V. A. to unite or join by twilling 
 one in another. 
 
 IN TERVAL, S [imsi-z-a/le^ Fr. itiieri-a!- 
 
 I N T 
 
 hm, Lat.] fpace or diftance, void of nTatter j 
 tirr^; between two events. 
 
 To IN'TBTIVENE, V. N. [inter^er.iff, 
 Lat. intcr--vfnir, Fr.] to comc between. 
 
 INTER VE'NIfiNT, Adj. [i>.ter7jcr.ie,is, 
 Lat.] coming between. 
 
 INTERVE'NTION, S. [Fr. inter-ventio, 
 Lat.J the Ibte of aifling between perfbns ; 
 the interpofition of means ; the llatc of being 
 interpofcd. 
 
 To INTERVE'RT. V. A. [inter-v.rto, 
 Lat.] to fet afide, or turn to another uli.'. 
 " » he duke i//Yt'/--wn'£a' the bargain." Wc::, 
 Not in iile. 
 
 INTERVI'EW, S. [fometimes accenltd 
 ontliefirll fylbblc ; entrcvui, Fr.] mutual 
 fight, generally applied to fome formal and 
 appointed inccting or conference. 
 
 To INTLRVO'LVE, V. A. [imeri'oho, 
 Lar.] to roil between ; to involve one with- 
 in another. 
 
 1 o INTERWE'AVE, V. A. |preter/V=r- 
 ivoiic, part, paffive, intiriuover. or ir.tcrivo-ad] 
 to mi.K one thing with another in weaving ; 
 to intermingle. 
 
 INIE'STABLE, Adj. [intcft^LiUs, Lat.] 
 ill Law, not qualified to make a will. 
 
 INTES'TATE, Adj. [intcjiat, Fr. intcfij- 
 tus, Lat.] in Law, dying without a will. 
 
 INTE'STINAL.Adj. [Fr.j belonging to 
 the gut5. 
 
 INTE'STINE, Adj. [intefiine, Fr. intcjlirus, 
 L^t.j internal ; inward ; contained in the La- 
 dy. Applied to war, domeflic, or war waged 
 by citizens againll their fellow citizens. 
 " Alortal and ;s/£/?.'«t- jars — 'twi>.t thy coun- 
 '•' irvmen and us." SLck. 
 
 INTE'STINE, S [Fr. inKjlimnr, L:it.] 
 the gut, or bowel. Seldom ufed in the lingu- 
 lar number. 
 
 To INTHRA'L, V. A. to enHuve ; to 
 bring under diSculties. 
 
 IN rtlRA'LMENT, S. a (late of ilavery. 
 
 To INTHRO'NE, V. A. to place on a 
 throne ; to make a king of. 
 
 I'NTIMACY, S. a Aate of familiarity or 
 friendfhip wheiein one perfon has always free 
 accefs to another, and is favoured wi:h his 
 fcniinents without referve, 
 
 I'NTIMATF, Adj. [iminms, Lat. ir.tima- 
 do, Span.] inmolt; internal ; inward. " /«.•- 
 " »«ri? impuhe." MUt. Near; clofe; not kept 
 atadiflance; familiar; converling with, or unit- 
 ed to another withi)ut referve or rellr: int. 
 
 I'NTIMATE. .S. [inrimnJo, Span. imiwuSf 
 Lat.] a friend v% lio has free accefs, and is in- 
 truded with the thoughts of another uithou: 
 referve. 
 
 To I'NTIMATE, V. A. [iminur, Fr.] to 
 hint ; to point out indirectly and obfcurely. 
 
 I'NTLMATELY, Adv. cloftly, or with- 
 out any intermixture of parts } with confi- 
 dence. Void of lefcrve, applied to friend- 
 (hip. Nearly, internally, or infeparably. 
 a " Moie
 
 . 1 N t 
 
 ** More Ir.i'w.ately united with us." SpcEl. ] 
 No. aiQ. 
 
 IN'TLMA'TIONT, S. [Fr.] an hint; an 
 obfcure or indireft declaration or direction. 
 
 1 o INTI'MIDATE, V. A. [ir.timidcr, \ 
 Fr.] to afTL(ft with fear ; to deprive of en- I 
 couragement. " Intimidate! thchxAVz.^' Lere. 
 INTfRE, Adj. [eiitkr, Fr. better written 
 vith v.n c at the beginnin<i;, as Johnfon ob- 
 fervcs. Sec Eviire, and all its derivatives] 
 vhole ; unbroken, or undiminilhcd ; without 
 any adulteration. 
 
 I'NTO, Prep, entrance ; penetration be- 
 yond the Airface, or motion beyond the out- 
 ward parts. " To look into letters." Pope, 
 
 INTO'LERABLE, Adj. [Vr. intckraiilis, 
 X-at.] not to be borne or endured. 
 
 INTO'LERABLENESS, S. the quality 
 of a thing which is not to be endured. 
 
 IN'TOLERABLY, Adv. to a degree too 
 great for our (hength or patience to endure. 
 INTO'LERANT, Adj. [Fr.] not endur- 
 ing, or not able to endure. 
 
 To INTO'MB, V. A. ftheo pronounced 
 like the double o in cl-o:fe] to bury ; to inclofc 
 in a monument. 
 
 To IN'TONATE, V. A. [intomtus, Lat. 
 from iniono, Lat.] to thunder ; to make a 
 noife like thunder. 
 
 INTONA'TION, Adj. [Fr.] the aft of 
 thundering. 
 
 To INTO'NE, V. N. [intouner, Fr.] to 
 tune, or ftrike the fame note. " Afs ;n;irtj 
 *' to afs." Pope. 
 
 To INTO'RT, V. A. {intortns, Lat.] to 
 t\\Ul< wreathe, or wring. " Th' intortcd 
 " horns." Pope. 
 
 To INTO'XICATE, V. A. to make 
 dr\uik with (Iror.g liquors. Figuratively, to 
 inebriate witli vice, or flattery. 
 
 INTOXICA'TJON, S. the aft or date of 
 making or being dnink. 
 
 INTRA'CTABLE, Adj. [intraFiahilis, 
 Lat. ir.tritabli, Fr.] obftinate, or not to be go- 
 verned ; furious. 
 
 INTRA'CTABLENESS, S. obflinacy; 
 not to be fubjefted to rule ; furioulhefs, not 
 to be tamed. 
 
 INTRA'CTABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as not to be governed or tamed. 
 
 INTRA NQLU'LITY, S. a ftateofrcfUcfs- 
 nef?. " Intrai^qiidity v.'hich makes men impa- 
 *' tient of laying in their beds." Temple 
 
 INTRANSMU'TABLE, Adj. not to be 
 changed iato another fubflance or metal. 
 
 To INTRE'ASURE, V. A. to lay up as 
 in a treafury. 
 
 To INTRENCH, V. N. fof ;;; and trar.- 
 ch^r, Fr. I to ivade or tncro.ich upon what i^e 
 longs to another ; lo mark with hollows like 
 trenches. " His face — deep fears of thunder 
 " had intrenched."' Par. Lojl. In War, to 
 fortify «iih a ditch or trench. 
 
 INTRE'KCHANT, Adj. not to be fc 
 parated by cutting, but immtui:itely clc/fing 
 
 i N t 
 
 again. " Aseafy may'ft thou ivtrenchavt the 
 " air — with keen fword imprefs." Shak. 
 
 INTRE'NCHMENT, S. a trench or work 
 which defends a poll frotn the attacks of an 
 enemy. 
 
 INTREPI'D, Adj. [intrepid!, Fr. intri- 
 pidu!, Lat.] not aiTcdted with fear at the pro- 
 ipeit of danger. 
 
 INTREPl'DITY, S. \ intrepidite', Fr.] a 
 difpofition of niind unaffedled with fear at the 
 profpccl of danger. 
 
 INTRE'PIDLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to be unaffciSltu with fear at the profpcit 
 of danger. 
 
 INTRI'CACY, S. [from intricate'] the 
 ftate of a thing much intangled ; perplexity 
 arifing from a complication of fafts. 
 
 INTRI'CATE, Adj. {iniricatui, Lat.] en- 
 tangled ; perplexed ; obfcure or difficult. 
 
 INTRI'C.ATELY, Adv. m fuch a man- 
 ner as to perplex. 
 
 INTRl'CATENESS, S. the quality of 
 being fo perplexed and complicated as not to 
 be eafily explained. 
 
 INTRl'GUE, S. [Fr. pronounced intreag] 
 a plot; an amour carried on with great arti- 
 fice by lovers. In Poetry, the plot of a fa- 
 ble, or an artful complication of circumftance.-; 
 which embarraffes the perfonagcs, and keeps 
 the minds of the audience in fufpence, and 
 unable to determine the event of the play. 
 
 To INTRI GUE, V. N. to form plots ; 
 to carry on an amour by flratagems and ar- 
 tifices. 
 
 INTRI'GUER, S. one who forms plots; 
 carries on private amours with women, or 
 bufics himfelf in fecrcr tranfartions. 
 
 INTRI'GUINGLY, Adj. with artifice ot 
 fecret plotting. 
 
 INTRl'NSIC, Adj. [intrinfccus, Lat.] in- 
 ward; internal; real; true in its own nature* 
 JNTRl'NSICAL, Adj. \intrinjecui, Lat. 
 intrinft-que, Fr] internal j folid j real. 
 
 INTRI'NSICALLY, Adi\. internally; 
 really ; in its own nature. " In its own nai^- 
 " ture abfolutely and istripjically t\\V' Prior. 
 Within. " The lefs he (hewed without, the 
 " more he wrought irtrirjically.''' Wuton, 
 
 INTRl'NSICATE, Adj. perplexed : en* 
 tangled. " Too iy.trinfuate t.o unloofe." Shaki 
 To INTRODU'CE, V. A \jntriduco, Lat. 
 Imroduire, Fr.] to conduct ; to give entrance 
 to ; to ufher into a place, or to aperfon j to 
 bring any thing into practice or notice. 
 
 INTRODU'CER, S one who conduftsor 
 ufhers into a place, or to a perfon ; one who 
 brings any thing into ufe, pr3(ftice.or notice. 
 INTRODL'CTION, S. the aft of ufher- 
 ingor conduifling into a place, or to a perfon ; 
 tile (late of being ulhered ; the aft of biing- 
 ing any thing new into notice or pruftite.; a 
 difcourfe prefixed to a book, containing feme 
 things neccflary to give a true idw-a of ihc man- 
 ner in which the fubjeft is treated of, CTc. 
 INTRODU'CTIVE, Adj. [introdu^if, 
 
 Fr.J
 
 I N T 
 
 fr.] ferving as a prepafative, or a means to 
 fomething elfe. 
 
 INTRODU'CTORY. Adj. previous ; in 
 order to prepare, or lerviug us a means, to 
 Something further. 
 
 INTROGRE'SSION, S. [wtrogrejfo, 
 Lat.] siitrance j the a<ft of entering or going 
 in. 
 
 INTRO'IT, S. fFr. htrclun, Lat,] in 
 the Romift church, the beginning of the inafi 
 or public devotions. 
 
 INTROMI'SSION, S. [ivrromif.o, Lat.] 
 the a(fl of feriding ; the aCi of giving en 
 trance or admidion. 
 
 To INTROMIT, V. A. \lntrcvutto, Lnt.] 
 to fend, let, or admit in ; to allow to er.ter. 
 " Glafs wc/wj.iVj light." Holder. 
 
 To INTROSPE'CT, V. A. [introffeauK, 
 of IntroJ'pkio, Lat.] to look into, or take a 
 view of the infide, 
 
 INTROSPFA'TION, S, a view of the 
 inlide. An internal view of its powers or 
 ftate, applied to the mind. " An introfpcSlion 
 " into my own mind." Dryd. 
 
 INTROVE'NIENT, Adj. fof wfro, Lat. 
 and 'ver.iitis, Lat.j entering or coming in. 
 •* Com.mixture of ir.tro'vcment nations." 
 Broiun. Seldom ufed. 
 
 To INTRL'DE, V. N, to come in without 
 invitation or permiilion ; to thrufl: one's fclf 
 rudely into company or bullnels ; to rmder- 
 take a thing without being permitted, called 
 to it, or qualified for it. 
 
 INTRU'DER, S. one who forces himfelf 
 
 I N V 
 
 To TNTWI'NE, V. A. to twiA or wreatlic 
 together like twine 3 to furround ortwiit 
 round. 
 
 '1 o INVA'DE, V. A. [in-vcido, Lat] to 
 enter into a country in a warlike manner ; to 
 attack j to afldil or affault ; to I'eize on like 
 an enemy. " To iri'vade another's ri!?ht." 
 
 INVa'DER, S. one who enters'into the 
 poifcflions or dominions of anotJicr, and at- 
 tacks them as an enemy ; one whoafiails or 
 attacks j one who encroaches or intrudes. 
 
 INVA'LESGENCE, S. [m'uaUfcema,L2^tA 
 want of health. 
 
 INVA'LID, Adj. [in-valide, Fr, in-vaMus, 
 Lar.J weak, applied to bodily ftrength. Of 
 no force or cogency, applied to argument. 
 Ufcd in the plural for foldiers that are worn 
 out with age, or, by the cafuakies of war, 
 rendered unfit for further fervice in the field. 
 In this fen fc it is pronounced i:ke the French, 
 in'vaked. 
 
 INVALI'DITY, S. \]n-vaUiu', Fr.] want 
 of force or cogency, applied generally to ar- 
 guments. 
 
 INVA'LUABLE, Adj. of fo great value 
 as to be above conception or eihmation. 
 
 INVA'RIABLE, Adj. [Fr.j not chang. 
 ing ; vvitliout varying. 
 
 JNVA'RIABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 being always the fame ; confiant, or withous 
 change. 
 
 JNVA'RIABLY, Adj. wi; horn changing j 
 unchangeably; conftanily. 
 
 INVA'SION, S. [Fr. in-va^lo, Lat.] the 
 
 into company or affairs without permiffion, entrance or attack of an enemy on the pollcf- 
 qualification, or being welcome. fions or dominions of another : an encroach- 
 
 INTRU'SION, S. [Fr. intrufc, Lat.] the ment, or unlawful attack oi the rights of an- 
 aft of forcing any psrfon or thing into any other, 
 place or ftate ; encroachment upon any per- j INVAS'IVE, Adj. entering like an enemy 
 
 foil or Itate ; entrance without invitation or 
 welcome. 
 
 To INTRU'ST, V. A. to treat with con 
 fidcnce j to charge with any fecret comniif- 
 fion, or aii^ thing of value. 
 
 INTUl'TJON, S. [/«i/;7«j, Lat.] the fight 
 of any thing j a conception, applied gene- 
 rally 10 the ad of the mmd, whereby it has 
 an immediate knowledge of any thing with- 
 out any dcdu<ftions of re:;fon. 
 
 INIU'ITIVE, Adj. [intmth:us, Lat. ;>- 
 ttii'if, Fr.j feen by the mind immediately, 
 vithout the dcuurtions of reafon. Seeing or 
 aftu^l fight, oppofed to belief. " T he hituiti-uc 
 " vifion of God." Booker. Having the 
 power of difcovering truths immediately 
 without reafoning. 
 
 INTU'ITIVFLY, Adv. \!r,?ukhe^,c,H, 
 Fr.] by a glance or immediate application of 
 the mind. " God fees all things iiituiti-vcly ." 
 Baler, 
 
 INTUME'SCENCF, S, [Fr. intumejcc::,, 
 Lat. " a fwcUing; a tumor; the a(fl or flatc of 
 fwclling or rifing above its ufual height 
 
 INTURGE'SCKNCE, S. fwelling ; the 
 aft or lldte of i\velling. 
 
 on the bounds of another 5 encroaching oa 
 the rights of another. 
 
 INVE'CTIVE, S. a reproachful, cenfori- 
 ous,^ or fcandalous espiefllon, whether in 
 writing or in ip'.ech. 
 
 INVE'CTIVE, Adj. containing cenfare, 
 fcandal, fatire, or reproachful expreffions. 
 
 INVE'CTIVELY, Adv. in a fatirical, 
 abufive, or fcandalous manner. 
 
 To INVE'IGH, V. A. [from iwri^Lat.] 
 to utter cenfure, or reproach ; to fpcak bit- 
 terly again fl. 
 
 INVE'IGFIER, S. a vehement railer. 
 
 To INVE'iGLE, V. A. f p-^"ioi!nced zV- 
 ■veegle] to perfuade, allure, or fcduce to fome- 
 thing bad or hurtful. 
 
 INVE'IGLER, S. fcducer, deceiver, or 
 allurer to ill. 
 
 To INVE'LOPE, V. A. See Eri'vch'fc. 
 
 To INVE'NT, V. A. [h-vemcr, Fr.] to 
 difcovcr, find out, or produce fomething 
 ?inknown or not made before j to forge, 
 or contrive contrary to truth ; to feiga 
 or create by the fertility of the imagina- 
 tion, 
 
 INVE'NTER, S. \\nvcntew, Fr.] o«e 
 
 who
 
 I N V 
 
 I N V 
 
 who difcovers, or produces fomethinjT new or j ceremony of confqring a right or poflcHwri 
 
 not known before j a perfon who for^ 
 allerts a faheliooJ. 
 
 INVE'NTION, S [Fr. inwntio, Lat.] the 
 aift of finding or producing iomething new ; 
 the difcovery of fomething hidden ; the fub- 
 tlety of the mind, or that exertion of the ima- 
 gination, whereby we create things that either 
 have no exittence in nature, or are intirely 
 new or im known ; a difcovery ; the thing in- 
 vented ; a fcn-gcry or fidtion. 
 
 INVE'NTIVE, Adj. [in-ventif, Fr.] quick 
 at contrivance ; ready at expedients, 
 
 INVE'NTOR, S. a finder out or maker 
 
 ol any manor, orrice or benefice. 
 
 INVESTMENT, S.diefs; cloaths; habit* 
 
 INVE'TERACY, S. {in-vcteratlo, Lat.J 
 long continuance of any thing bad. Figura- 
 tively, obdinacy confirmed or contra(fted by 
 long continuance. In Piiyfic, the long conti- 
 nuance of any dileafe. 
 
 INVETERATE, S. [m-vtteratu;, Lat.] 
 old; long elf ablilhed ; grown oblliiiate ; not 
 eafily fu: mounted ; by long continuance or 
 pradice. 
 
 To INVE'TERATE, V, A. [inwleratus, 
 oi In-vetero, Lat. in-viterer, Fr.] to harden or 
 
 of fomething new ; a framcr or contriver of make obftinate by long praftice.or continn 
 Iomething ill. 
 
 INVENTO'RIC ALLY, Adv. in the man- 
 ner of an inventory. 
 
 INVE'NTORY, S. [fometimes accented 
 on the firfl iylLble ; imtentcire, Fr. iii'voito- 
 rium, Lat.] an account or catalogue oJ move- 
 ables ; a lilf or catalogue of goods. 
 
 To IN'VENTORY, V. A. to form into a 
 catalogue. '^ it \\id.\[ hsinzientorled." Uluk. 
 Seldom ufed. 
 
 INVE'NTRESS, S. {inwntrke, Fr.] a fe- 
 male who finds out or produces any thing new. 
 
 INVE'RSc:, Adj. [Fr. inwrj/is, Lat.J in- 
 verted j going backwards. 
 
 INVE'KSION, S. [Fr. i>:-ve>Jio, Lat.] 
 change of order or time, fo that the firll is 
 laft , or laft is firft. In Grammar, a figure 
 whereby the v.ords are not placed in the na- 
 tural and grammatical order. As " of all 
 " vices, the moll abominable is impurity " 
 Inftcad of" impurity is themoft abomiHable 
 *' of all vices." 
 
 To INVERT, V. A. [inwrto, Lat.] to 
 change the natural order of things or words; 
 to turn upfide down, or place in a mjthod or 
 order contrary to that which was before ; to 
 place the firit laif. 
 
 INVE'RTEDLY, Adv. in an unnatural 
 order ; in fuch a manner that the firft is 
 placed laff, or the laft firft. 
 
 To INVE'ST, V. A. [in-vefw, Lat.] ir.- 
 vejiir, Fr.] to eloath or drels : when follow- 
 ed by two nouns it hath ivlrh or ;/: befote the 
 thing. "/«'yf/2himTOi>Athylovelic(lfmiles." 
 Dtnh. To place in polldlion of a rank or 
 office ; to confer or give. To inclofe or fur- 
 round a place, fo as to intercept all Aiccours, 
 applied to fiegds. 
 ' INVE'STIENT, Adj. [inwjikns, Lat.] 
 covering j cloathing. " Its inwjiitnt fliell." 
 
 IN VE'STIGABLE, Adj. [from invejllgat:] 
 to be fcarchcd out or traced by the mind. 
 
 To INVE'STIGATE, V. A. to fearch 
 out ; to trace or find out by reafon. 
 
 INVESTIGA'TION, S. [Fr. in-jej}':g.:th, 
 Lat.] the aft of the mind by which unknown 
 truths are traced out and difcovered j an ac- 
 curjte examination. 
 
 INVE'STITURF, S. [Fr.] the aft and 
 
 ance. " By tradition infufed and i/w^rJv.'frf 
 " into men s minds." Bac. 
 
 INVETERA'TION, S. the aft of ha* den- . 
 ing or confirming by long praftice and. con- 
 tinuance. 
 
 INVI'DIOUS, Adj. [i,i-yurms;in'viJiif!is, 
 Lat.] envious j malignant. Figuratively, 
 likely to promote or incur hatred. ' ,' • 
 
 INVIDIOUSLY, Adv. in an envious .ind 
 malignant manner ; in a manner likely tu 
 provoke hatred. 
 
 INVI'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality of pro- 
 voking envy or hatred. 
 
 To INVl'G ORATE, V. A. to make 
 
 flrong; to infpiie with vigour, life, and fpirit. 
 
 INVI'NCIBLE, Adj. [ Fr. ;Wwt;Z';7;5,Lac.] 
 
 not to be conquered or iubdued ; not to be 
 
 informed, or removed by inllruftionv . 
 
 INVI'NCIBLENESS, S. the quality of 
 not being conquerable. 
 
 INVJ'NCIBLY, Adv. in fuch an manner 
 as not to be conquered or furmounted. 
 
 INVl'OLABLE, Adj. [Fr. in-vio!abUis, 
 Lat.] not to be profaned, applied to things 
 facred. Not to be injured. Not to be bro- 
 ken, applied to laws or fecrets. Not to be 
 hurt. " The inviolable faints." T^lilt. 
 
 INVI'OLABLY, Adv. without broach or 
 failure. 
 
 INVI'OLATE, Adj. [Fr. ir.-viohtiis, Lat ] 
 unhurt, or without futfeiing from violence. 
 Unprofaned, applied to holy things. Unbro- 
 ken, applied to laws or obligations. 
 
 IN'VIOUS, Adj. [in-jiu:, Lat.] not paf- 
 fable ; not common or trodden. " Iniil:,us 
 " ways." Hudib. 
 
 To INVI'SCATE, V. A. [from in and 
 ■vifcus, Lat.] to lime ; to daub or patch with 
 any glutinous or flicking I'ubihince. 
 
 INVISIBl'LITY, S. [inflfJAlit<:\Yr.\ the 
 (bte of not being feen, 6x not being percep- 
 tible. 
 
 INVISIBLE, Adj. [Fr. in-vi/Ibili:, Lat.J 
 not to be fcen. 
 
 INVI'SIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 not to be fcen. 
 
 INVITA'TION, S. [Fr. invHario, Lat] 
 the aft of calling or fummoning ; the aft of 
 dcfiring a pcrfon's company. 
 
 To IiNVI'TE, V. A. [;w;.-5, Lat. inciter, 
 
 fr.-j
 
 I N V 
 
 f'ri] to bid or requeft a perfon to come to one'sl 
 houlc, or make one of a party ; to allure. 
 
 INVl'TINGLY, Adv. in fuch a rnanner 
 as allures. 
 
 INU'NCTION, %.{inunEius,oVwungo, Lat.] 
 the aft of frhearing or anointing with any 
 fat or oily fubftance. " The inuvilion of the 
 " feathers." Ray. 
 
 INUNDA'TI'ON, S. Vimndatlon, Fr. hmn- 
 datio, Lat.] the aft of flowing; a flood. Fi- 
 . guratively, a confluence or multitude coming 
 together to the fame place. 
 
 To FNVOCATE. V. A. [ii-vocam, of k- 
 •voco, Lat.] to call upon in prayer; to addrefs 
 for afllftance. 
 
 INVOCATION, S. [Fr in-vocatio, Lat.] 
 the aft of calling upon in prayer j the form 
 ufcd in addrefling a fuperior Being for afllft- 
 ance. 
 
 INVOICE, S. [perhaps corrupted from the 
 French en-voyex, of en-vjyer, Fr. to fend] a 
 catalogue of the freight of a lliip ; or of the 
 articles fliippcd on board, and configned to 
 fome perfon in a foreign country. 
 
 To INVO KE, V. A. [jii'v^qiier, Fr. in-voco, 
 Lat.] to call upon, addrefs, or pray to any 
 fuperior Being for aid. 
 
 To INVO'LVE, V. A. [inijoho, Lat.] t© 
 'inwrap, or cover with any thing which far- 
 rounds ; to entwift or join ; to take in ; to 
 catch, or Aibjeft to ; to entangle or perpl 
 to complicate, or make intricate. " Iii'voh'd 
 " difcourfes." To blend or mingle together 
 confufedly. " EartU with hcU mingle and 
 '* in-vohe." Milt. 
 
 INVO'LUNTARTLY, Adv. [from itrzw- 
 luntary] not by choice ; againft one's will ; 
 iiecefiarily. 
 
 IN VO'LUNTAR Y, Adj . \in'voluKtaire, Fr. J 
 not having the powerof choice j ncceflltated ; 
 not chofen or done willingly. 
 
 INVOLU' r ION, 3. [-ri-vokth, Lat.j the 
 aft of wrapping in a thing. Figuratively, 
 the ftate of being mixed, complicated, or in- 
 tricate ; that which is wrapped round any 
 thing. In Algebra, the raifing any quan- 
 tity from its root to any hsight or power af- 
 figned. 
 
 To INU'RE, V. A. [of In and uro, Lat.] 
 to habituate ; to accuftom ; to make ready ; | jefling. "Mirth or jocofity.'^ Brcwn. Jo 
 willing, and able by prafticc or cuftom. It cofcncfs is mod ufed 
 
 JOG 
 
 To IN'V/ ALL, V. A. to inclof- with a wall. 
 " To biivcil! themfelves (Irongly." Spenjer. 
 
 I'NWARD, Adj. placed at a diftance from 
 the furface, or outward part. 
 
 I'NWARD, S. anything witbi"; gene- 
 rally applied to the bowels, and ufi-d always 
 in the plural number. 
 
 I'NvVARDLY, Adv. internally; in the 
 mind or heart j privately; in a concave form, 
 applied to a body bent, and oppofed to any 
 convexity or protuberance outwardly. 
 
 To INWE'AVE, V. A. [praerinwow, or 
 ivivea'Vcd, part, paff! inivc-ve, or i/iiucLicn^ to 
 mix any thing in weaving j to intvvine, or 
 mingle. " In'zv^i'ven (hade." Par. Lojl. 
 
 To INWRA'P, V. A. to wrap or cover 
 by folding a thing over. Figuratively, to per- 
 plex, or puzzle with difficulty; to ravifh, or 
 tranfport. " 'Tis wonder that hiivrjps nr.c 
 '• thus." Skak. 
 
 INWRO UGHT, Adj. wrought into the 
 fubftance of a thing. 
 
 To IN WRE'ATHE, V. A. to furround as 
 with awreath. '■^InivicatFd w'lih heams."MHt. 
 
 JOB, S. [of unccitain etymology] a fmuil, 
 trifling, or cafual piece of work ; a low, 
 mean, mercenary, and lucrative employment j 
 a fudden ftab with a (harp pointed inftnmient. 
 
 To JOB, V. A. to ilrike fuddcnly with a 
 fharp pointed inftrument ; to perfor.P fmall 
 pieces of work. Neuteriy, to deal in the funds, 
 or in buying and felling flocks for others. 
 
 JO'BUER, S. one who buys and fells flocks 
 for others ; one who does chance work. 
 
 JO'BBERNOWL, S. [fromjo/'^^, Flem. 
 and k>:ou\ Sax.] a loggerhead, or a perfon of 
 dull parts. " Men's jo/>/>crr:w!s — turn round 
 "upon their ears." Hud. 
 
 JO'CKE Y, S. a perfon who rides a horfe at 
 a race; one who deals in hoif.s. Figuratively, 
 a cheat or bite. 
 
 To JO'CKEY, V. A. to juftle in riding. 
 Figuratively, to Ghe;it or trick. 
 
 JUCO'SE, Adj. [jocofus, Lat. J merry j 
 given to jeft. 
 
 JOCO'SELY'', Adv. in a merry, waggifii, 
 or jefiing manner. 
 
 JOCO'SENESS, or JOOO'SITY, S. the 
 quality of being difpofed to iticrriment or 
 
 generally implies hardfhip or labou 
 
 INU'REMENT, S. praftice; habitacquir- 
 ed by long praftice ; ufe. 
 
 To INU'RN, V. A. to put into an urn : 
 to bury, or put into a tomb. " The fcpalchre 
 " wherein we faw thee inumed.'" Simk, 
 
 INU'STION,' S. the aft of burning, or of 
 burning in. 
 
 INU'TILE, Adj. [Fr. InutUh, Lat.] ufe- 
 lefs ; unprofitable. 
 
 mUTI'LITY, S. [InutUit/, Fr. wutultat, 
 X.at.] want of ufe or profit. 
 
 INVU'LNERABLE, Adj. [Fr. i-.-vulncra- 
 iil.s, Lat.] aot to be wounded or hurt, 
 
 JO'CULAR, Adj. [yoct/am. Lat.] ufcd in 
 jeft ; jefting. 
 
 JOCULA'RITY, S, a Jifpofition to jeft- 
 ing ; merriment. 
 
 JO'CUND, Adj. [jicundus, Lat.] merry ; 
 gay ; lively ; full of mirth. 
 
 JO'CUNDLY, Adv. in a gay or merrj 
 manner. 
 
 To JOG, V. A. {fchocken, Belg. lechac, 
 Pol.] to pufh, or (hake by a fudden pufh ; to 
 give notice, or excite a perfon 's attention by 
 a pul'h. Neuteriy, to move on by jolts, like 
 thofefelt in trotting, 
 
 JOG, S. a pufli or Hlqht iliake ; a fudden
 
 w.l 
 
 J o I 
 
 interruption by a puih or fnakc ; a hint gTvcn 
 by a pufh. • ',- 
 
 JO'GGER,S.onevvho(ha'Ke;ov puflieJano- 
 ther Hglitly; one who moves dully and heavily. 
 To JO'&GLE, V. N. to (hake, ortb make 
 a thing.vvake. 
 
 JO'HN'-APPL'^, S. in Gardening, an apple 
 xvhich is fliarp and vveil reHflied in the fptin," 
 after it is g-itJieret^, when mod other fruit is 
 fpcnr, and fit for making cydtr. 
 
 JO'HNSON (Ben) was defcended from? 
 Scots family^as born at Weflminfter in i 374, 
 and was ediir?ted in the fc'iool there under 
 the J jmir.s C.smden ; but upon his ■ father's 
 death, who loft his efiate und^'r c>ueen Mary, 
 his mother marrying a bricklayer, Ben was 
 taken from fchool, and obliged to work at his 
 father-in-law's trade ; but greatly difliking 
 that employment, he went into the Low 
 Countries, where he diftin^uifiied himfelf by 
 his bravery. Upon hi> return to England, he 
 applied himfelf CO iiis former fludies. Shake. 
 Ipear is fiid to hnve iirft introduced liim to 
 the worlJ, byrecommending a play of his 
 which the ^rcors had refufed; and Mr, Pope 
 remarks, that "when Cen got poflcflion of the 
 ftagc, he brought critical learning into vogue; 
 for till then the Englifh had no thoughts of 
 writing upoii the model of the ancients; but 
 perhaps his fancy had exerted it fclf with greater 
 energy and (trength, had he K fs copied tlje an- 
 tient.«5 for llruck with the correiHinefs andtruth 
 of compolition in the oldciafiics, andinflam,ed 
 by pafiionateadmiration to emtilate their beau-, 
 ties, he was infenfibly led to'imagine that equal 
 honours were due tofuccefsful imication.asto 
 original and unborrowtd thinking. If he has 
 obfcurities in his writings, he has likewife his. 
 excellencies; fince none has been fn particu- 
 larly liappy in tlelineatin<^ thofe chara(flers 
 which are generally known by the name of cha- 
 racters of humour : but in nothingishemore 
 trulyadmirablc than in marking h'scharafters; 
 not a fentence in any of his plays is fpoken by 
 one perfon that could have entered into the 
 thoughts of another perfon reprefented in it; 
 but every fentimcrit is peculiar to him who ut- 
 ters it. The Silent Woman, the Fox, and the 
 -Alchymifl, ar-ethcmoftefteemed of his plays, 
 though he wrote above fifty pieces that may 
 be ranked under the fptcies of dramatic poetry. 
 He died the 6th of Auguft 1637, and was in- 
 terred in Weftminfttr Abbey. 
 
 To JOIN, V. A. [pronounced /.■,-??, nxsm 
 h'lrdre, Fr.] to add oni thing to another j to 
 couple or combine ; to unite in concord ; to 
 unite; to touch, or be contiguous ; to unite 
 with in marriage, or any other league. 
 
 JOINDER, S. the ad of joining. Seldom 
 11 fed. 
 
 JO'INER, S. one who makes utenfils by 
 joining different portions of wood together. 
 
 JOINERY, S. an art whereby feveral 
 pieces of wood are fo fixed and joined together, 
 that tbcy iscm Que entire piece. 
 
 JOL . 
 
 JOINT, S. [in the pronunciation tltfi'p i*.- 
 omittcd, and the; founded long like' that -In' ' 
 t-ine \ jointure, Fr.] the articulation df the-" .' 
 limbs, or union cf moveable bones in "ahimal ' 
 bodies ; an hinge, or an union of different fub- ■. , 
 ftanccs which are let into each other, fo as to. '• 
 be capable of moving without breaking or Cc' •' 
 parating ; a limb of an animal feparated. by a . 
 butcb.er from the reft of a carcafe ;;a k;wJt-in'^ 
 wood. Out of joint, is^applied to a bone Ihaf . 
 is luxated or flipped, from the focket'in M'hi^I»'.._." 
 it ufed to move. ;.'•.:. 
 
 JOINT, Adj. ftared amon.g Vnatty. '<''jSint- 5 
 " property." Locke'. United' or partakipg m '. 
 the fame polfeffion : hence ickf FcK '• • _. •- 
 
 To JOINT, T. A. to unite iii a .confecler" ."■ 
 racy, ^'' jointing their forces.!' SJ^ak. ' T'cr ^ 
 form rnany parts into one ;' to form an^^ ar- • 
 ticulations, orin fucha mahner as t6' move 
 without breaking or feparatihg. *' T;be fing<?rs 
 " areyci/:;f</tDgedicu' for'motion.'' )?tjy. Td- -. 
 cut or divide 'a carc^fc.af this joint^.' .'Vi^e^ •. 
 
 JO'INTED, Adj:' -having joiwfs^ ' fuH.pf^." 
 joint? or knots; . ••.•■■ ...' ,^-V"., 
 
 JO/INTER,' S": in;. Carpentry, a"pfene-.f' 
 fpmcwhat ion2e'.-.th;itj..th;e fot-e pIane,;havIiT» 
 its foie perfectly ''r^it; and ufed, to. follow'jJic'v. 
 fore plane, p.nd- fk.^ot '^n ^d'ge perfectly (li^it^- ' ;' 
 when a joint is to be (Jiof. ' ■ ' '•' • '■■'.': 
 
 JO'IN.TLY, Ad-^': tfigether, oppefed tp' prC' ■■ 
 paratclf. ' In a flet^ of ur^ion orcombinafriQh, • 
 applied to theQ((tioo.of 4»ffef£pTrperS>nSi)1f ' 
 things. ' • • ■• '..•". '.• ■*-; ••.:• V 
 
 JO'INTRESS;S.ffromp«/«?-<!]^ woman .-^ 
 who holds any thing in join titre. .• •; •• 
 
 JO'INT-STOO-L,' S. a ftool ma^c by ■ 
 •joints, or id . fuch a- manner that the lcgs>. • 
 fides, and .top joiii each other. 
 
 JOI'NTURE, S. [Ff.] in Law, an eftate ■• 
 fettled on a wife to be enjoyed after the death, 
 of hcr'hufband,.;' •'.'•: 
 
 lOIST.'S. [froW/e/Vre, Fr.J in Archi- 
 te/iure, a- piec.e .of trmb'er framed into the 
 girders, on. which, the' boards cf fioors are 
 laid. .- V .-.. . 
 
 To JOIST,'V.A.tofit;'in thpfmaller beams 
 on which the boards of a floor are laid. 
 
 JOKK, S. [jocns, ■Lat'J a, jell or witty 
 exprelTion, that caufes a fmile, or raifes .a 
 laugh. ■.'...••' 
 
 To JOKE, V. N. [;««'-, Lat] to ]^^ 5 or 
 to endeavour meri'iJy to -divert by words and' 
 aftions; to tell a pleafiirg fiction. 
 
 To J OLE, 'V. A., to beat the head againft" 
 any thing. . • .•' 
 
 JO LLILY, Adv. {itomyeHy^ in a difpo- 
 lition to noify mirth', 
 
 JO'Ll.INESS, or jO'XJ.ITY, S. \(Tom 
 /o//v] gaiety ; elcvation-of- fpirit j merriment j 
 noify mirth. 
 
 JO-'LLY, Adj. {joU, Fr. jovmUs, Lat.J 
 gay ; merry ; chearful'; full of mirth and 
 fpirits. Figuratively, plump, like a perfon 
 in full health. 
 
 To 
 
 S 
 
 - > 
 
 •■* *r
 
 A. 
 
 ; o y 
 
 ■ *.'■ MTx) jolt, v. N. to fiiakcor Ihock, applied 
 •' lo'yie.rtiction d a cairi^gfe in a rou;^h road. 
 
 r' ■".'■' '^OLT, S. a fhock given by ;i Cdrriage tra- 
 .'.■ ^. V^l'"}j in a rough road. 
 ,,. -"/y .'JO'LTHEAD, S.a ^ei-eat head ;. a block 
 
 *.",■; '.head.. " Fie on thtc, pithead, thou cari'ft 
 
 ' ■•■"•^ ."^' not read." Shnk. • •.. 
 
 ■-■_■■•..-. '..fONQUI'LLK, S. [Fr-I in Botany, a 
 
 ; "'"J '. i^eUow flower ; a fjiecies of (J.;ffod!I. 
 
 • • ••'•-.'JO'R-DEN, S. 1^'-, Six.-aivJd'f/.', Sax.] a 
 
 ;*\;«, ^rhamber pot or cloTe-flpol pan. 
 
 V. ■ • "' Jo JCSTLE, V. \.[jovpr, Fr.j to rufn 
 
 -.'?,' ^V VuVi agairift a perfon. • 
 
 .* •' /. " JOT, S [ghta. Span. (0Ta,-Gr.] a point ; a 
 
 .•>• '^ '»tttfe; tlie Icart qinntity that can be alTigncd. 
 
 .•'*"•. * '.-JfO'VlAL, Adj [Fr/Ww/w, Lat.jinAdro- 
 
 ^' '. . iio&yjli'nder the influence of Jupiter j inAftro- 
 
 J' •• noniy, belonging to Jupiter. Gay j airy;. 
 
 ,"• ^ -elated vvith mil th,. 
 
 . .. • "^ •. .'jO'\ri ALLY,. Adv. jii • a merry, 'airy, or 
 
 ,**''* gay manner. •''•■"..' 
 
 *.-..,'••. "irTO'VrALNESS.S. the quality or ftateof;. 
 
 •'• ■" :bei-nf, merry. ' ■." 
 
 y-.' !.;JOU'RNAL, S. fFr.] a diary ; an ac- 
 
 »^ .."V'^ount oif a pcrfon's daily tranriiftions ; any 
 
 ■^ ■». • Wews-paper publilhed daily or weekly, and 
 
 \.^ .;.itxiiitii.ning the news of every day. In Na- 
 
 y.j,-; Vigatiort, a.book vvlierein is kept an account 
 ^ t.'*"v o^-tl-^e fliip's way st fea, the changes of the 
 »•**. ."I" • wind, arid other occurrences. 
 .. V* '.',.'.■ VJOU'RNALIST, S.' a writer of daily news- 
 
 V, "• 'i«pk'-'v ■ ■ 
 
 • 'JOU'RNEYjS. '"pronounced /V/rBfy; from 
 journee, Fc] the diftance travelled in a day. 
 . Figuratively, travel by land, diRinguiihcd 
 from that by fea, which is (liled a 'voyage. 
 Faflige from one place to another. 
 . To JOU'RN EY, V. N. to travel or pafs 
 from one place to another. 
 
 JOU'RNEYMAN, S. \journce,Tr.] a per- 
 fon hired to work by the day, at prefent ex- 
 tended to fignify a perfon who works under 
 a mailer. 
 
 JOU'RNEYWORK, S. work performed 
 for hire or wages. 
 
 JOUST, S. [joujl, Fr.] a tilt or tourna- 
 ment, wherein the combatants fight with 
 fpears, £fr, ''At ;or//? and tournament." Milt. 
 
 Mo JOUST, v. N. [jouftcr, Fr.] to run in 
 a tilt. 
 
 JOY, S. [j'jye,Tr.gvjia,\u].'\ a delight of 
 the mind arifing from a confideration of a 
 prefent, or afTured approaching poffeffion of a 
 future good j the mirth or noife which arifes 
 from fiiccefs ; gladnefs ; pleafure. 
 
 To JOY, V. N. to rejoice ; to be glad. 
 Aftively, to congratulate; to affed with joy. 
 " To joy the friend." Pnor. To enjoy. " J 
 •'might have liv'd and joyed immortal blifs," 
 Par. Loft. 
 
 JOY'FUL,Adj.fullof joy or pleafure on the 
 poffeflion, or certain expcOation of fomegood. 
 
 JOY'FULLY, Adv. with gladnefs or plea- 
 fure on account of poflefTion, or certain ex- 
 pe(ftation of fome future good. 
 
 IRE 
 
 JOYTULNF>:S, S. the quality of receiv- 
 ing or'fecling pleafure on the confKleration of 
 fome prefent, pr certain expe.aatioji of fome 
 future good. ■ 
 
 jOY'LESS, Adj. • without joy ; deprived 
 of pleafure ;■ fad. 
 
 JOY'OUS. Adj. [joyeux,Yx.'\ glad ; gay ; 
 merry ; deli;Thtcd. ■ ■ 
 
 ] PS W ['CPI, S. by the Saxons called Glpif- 
 nvick, from the river Gipen- called then fo, 
 on account of its winding dream, but now 
 the Orwell ; a very neat and well built town, 
 and the capital of Suffulk, forming a kind of 
 half nloon upon the bank of the nvcr to the 
 'W. . it is above a mile long from St. Mat- 
 thew's to St. Helen's on the road, and above 
 a'mile broad. It ftill carries gn a maritime 
 •tradej. but this is not fo wjnflderable as for- 
 merly-., Here are only twelve parilh churches 
 infteail of fourteen (twenty-one) in its moft 
 flourifhing (late, befides meeting-hnufes; and 
 the tiumber of its ftiips is alfo diminiilied. 
 No place in Great Britain is more commo- 
 dicufly fiiuated for the Greenland filLery thaa 
 Jpfwich, not oniy for chc.jpnefs of building, 
 fitting out their 'vcfllls, ^c. but the fams 
 wind that carries them from the mouth of the 
 haven, is fair to the very feas of Greenland. 
 It is governed by two bailiffs, and fends two 
 members to parliament. Here is a fpacions 
 m.arket - place, where, on Tuesdays and 
 Thurfdays, every week, isfcldfmail meat : 
 on Wednefday and Friday filh, and Saturday 
 is for all forts of provifions, thefe being ve- 
 ry plentiful and cheap, lis annual fairs are 
 on May 4, for lean cattle and toys ; July 25, 
 for fruit and toys; and September 25, for 
 butter and cheefe. It is alfo an inexhauftible 
 fbre-houfe for timber, great quantities of 
 which, now their flMp-building trade has 
 abated, are fcnt to the king's yard at Chat- 
 ham. An excellent charity for the relief of 
 poof clergymen's widows and orphans in Suf- 
 folk, has been fet on foot in and about Ipf- 
 wich, by voluntary fubfcription, which from 
 61. the firi{ year, namely from 170" to 1740, 
 has amounted to 4416 1. befides gifts and le- 
 gacies to the fum of 55J-). French refugees 
 fettled in this place at firft, and a linen nia- 
 nufa(flure was fet up in their fivour, but did 
 not fucceed. It lies forty-eight miles from 
 Bury, and (Ixty-eight from London. 
 
 IRA'SCIBLE, Adj. [Fr. h-ajdblih, Lat.J 
 eaflly provoked to anger j belonging to the 
 paflion of anger. 
 
 IRE, S. f Fr. iro, Lat.T hatrcfl aiifing from 
 confideringa thing as capable of atkctin'^. 01- 
 having af}e<fted us with any injury. " Re- 
 " lentlefs in bis ?>«•." Dryd, 
 
 IREFUL, Adj. angry; raging. 
 
 I'REFULLY', Adv. in a manner which 
 fhews great anger. 
 
 I'RELAND, S. an iiland in the Atlantic 
 
 ocean, between which and N^orth America 
 
 there Are no intermediate ones, except the 
 
 O 2 Azpres
 
 I R E 
 
 Azores or wedcrn iflands ; and even thefe are' 
 in a lower latitude. The UHts, Hairis, and 
 J_cwi.-,, lie on the N. between it and Iceland, 
 and it has the illand ot Great Britain on the 
 E. and N. E. The natives and Scottilli high- 
 landers call it Erin or leme ; Ptolemy gave it 
 the name of Britannia Par-va, or Britannia 
 Minor, which ancient Latin writers call Jer- 
 tia, Juxierna, Ibmctimes Lis, &c. and thofe 
 ot d. more modern date, Hiiemia ; the deri- 
 vation of which by authors being virious, a 
 detail of the different etymologies would be 
 niore irkfome than fatista£tory from anything 
 fhat yet appears. It lies between lat. 51 and 
 ^6 deg. N. and between long, 5 and 10 deg. 
 \V. It is about 259 miles in length, and 
 148 in breadth. It lies fifty-two miles from 
 Ilolyhcdd in North Wales, and eighteen or 
 twenty from Galloway, and but little more 
 fiom theMuUof Kintyre in Argyiefhirc.both 
 which are in Scotland. The principal rivers 
 in Ireland are, the noble river of Shannon j 
 the Liffy, called the Princefs of the Irifh ri- 
 vers, as gracing the capital, though nothing 
 near io confiderable as the Shannon j the 
 Boync ; the Barrow, and Oufe, which join 
 above the town of Rois ; the Slone ; and the 
 principal river in Ulllct, on theN. of Ireland, 
 is the Bane. In thiscoiintry are feveral loughs, 
 or lakes, both fait and trelh ; the former of 
 which arc properly inlets of the fea at the 
 mouths of rivers. The principal of thefe 
 areLough-Ern in UKkr, and Lough-neath in 
 the fame province. The ancient lrilh,or thofe 
 natives who have not yet been thoroughly ci- 
 vilized, and called Reams, ars (hong and 
 nimble, courteous to tlrangers, impatient ot 
 aliufc or injury, implacable in enmity, and 
 vehement in all affctlions. The language is 
 ongin::lly Britilll, or at leaft a diale(ft of it j 
 bur it has received fuch a tintfture by inter- 
 mixture with foreigners, that only fome of the 
 ori,i;inal words are remaining j the names ot 
 nwuntains, illes, wdters, iSc. are (lilrl mofHy 
 Britilh. Who were the belf inhabitants of 
 Ireland, cannot i)e learned from records, or 
 any other authentic evidence ; and therefore 
 only traced from conje(fture. The mod gene- 
 rally prevailing opinion is, that they derive 
 from the Britons, or are at lealf of the fame 
 eri''ina! (1 >c.-: with them, from the Spaniards 
 or Cantdlirians. They received ChrilHanity 
 very early, the gre^.tci^ part of the liland 
 h.ving been converted by St. Patrick, by 
 which he obtained the character of the Irifh 
 apolUc. Nor was religion thi-ir only cha- 
 racter i but their learning is alfo miicii cele- 
 brated both by ancient and modern authors, 
 who tcli u:, that the Saxons in particular 
 very commonly fent over their children thi- 
 ther tor a liberal education, fhe inhabitants 
 are moltly now brought over to the cuftoms 
 and falhions of the En^lifh, except in fome 
 parts, where they live in the old Irilh way. 
 It ii governed now by Great Brituiu, thekuig 
 
 I R O 
 
 of which fends thither an Englilh nob)*mar? 
 of diftincllon as viceroy or deputy, who i& 
 commonly called Lord Lieutenant, and is 
 changed every three years. The king alfo ap- 
 points the council of Ireland. This vicege- 
 rent's power and Hate is very confiderable. 
 The Lws and courts of juflice, (yc. in Ire- 
 land arc much the fame as thofe in England. 
 Their ads of parliament, in order to have 
 the force of laws, mud be approved by the • 
 king of Great Britain in his privy-council ^ ,_• 
 and an a(ft of the Britifh parliament will alter 
 or abrogate any law in Ireland. An appeal 
 alfo lies from a fen fence in any of the Iriflj 
 courts of law to thofe in Wcftminfler-hall, •• 
 and to the houfe of peers in Great Britain.,' 
 The members of the houfe of commons in 
 Ireland Irold their feats during life, unlefs 
 upon the demife of the king of Great 
 Britain. A body of about 12,000 men are 
 kept in pay on the Irilh eflablifhment, among 
 which are few or none of th< natives. Thefe 
 are ufually quartered in barracks, and not in 
 the public inns, as is ufnJ ii^ Great Britain. 
 The religion cftabllfhed by law is the fame 
 with that of England, urfder archbiQiops and 
 i>i(hops; and generally the clergy here arc 
 better provided for than in England. The 
 univerfity of Dublin is the only one in the 
 kingdom, coiifi fling of one college, in which 
 are about 600 fludents. So fertile is this ' 
 country, that their beef and butter fupply 
 France, Flanders, Spain, Portugal, and the 
 Weft Indies ; tliough lately an a<ft of the 
 Biitilh pxirliaraeat allows thefe two articles, 
 with their live cattle, to be imported into 
 Great Britain. The Irifh being prohibited 
 from manufa(fVuring their wool, and export- 
 ing their cloth, they run a good deal of the 
 former to France and other countries, by 
 which means thefe are enabled to underfcl us 
 in foreign markets. 
 
 I'RLS, S. [Lat.] the rainbow. In Philo- 
 fophy, an appearance of light refembling the 
 rainbow. In Botany, the flower-de-luce. In 
 Anatomy, the circle round the pupil of the 
 eyf, from whence it receives the appellation 
 of black, blue, CS'c. according to the coiour. 
 
 To IRK, V. A. [yek. 111. work] to give 
 pain, or make weary, ufed only impetfonally, 
 as, " It irks me." Shah. 
 
 I'RKSOME, Adj. wearifome ; affe£ting 
 with pain, cr trouble. 
 
 I'RKSOMELY, Adv. hi fuch a manner 
 as to pain, weary, or trouble. 
 
 I'RON, S. [bai..rn, Brit, ifern, ira:. Sax. 
 ;3)/.'f, ErC iern, Dan.] a well known metal ; 
 though ligb.ter than all others, excepting tin, 
 yet confiderahly the havdell j when pure, 
 m illeable, but in a lefs degree than gold, 
 lilver, lead, or copper. It is more capable 
 of rutl than other metals, and requires the 
 fhongeit fiie to melt it. Rlufl other metals 
 arc brittle while they are hot ; hut this is 
 the moil niallcable tlie nearer it approaches 
 
 to-
 
 I R R 
 
 to fufion. It is the only known fubflance 
 attra<fted by the loadflone, is not only foluhle 
 in the ftronger acids, hut even in common 
 '. water, to which its fpecific gravity is as 7632 
 to TOGO. Iron is iifed fi^^uratively for any in- 
 ftrument ortool madeof that metal. A chain- 
 Ihackle, or manacle. " He was put in irjvs." 
 
 I'RON, Adj. madeotiron ; refcmblingiron 
 in colour. Figuratively, harlh; fevere j rigid. 
 
 To I'RON, V. A. to fmooth «ith an 
 iron ; to put on fhackles or irons. 
 
 IRONICAL, Adj. [ironi^ue, Fr.] fpeak 
 ing one thing and meaning another, by way 
 of fncer or reproach. 
 
 IRONICALLY, Adv. in an ironical or 
 fnecring manner. 
 
 I'RONMONGER.S.onewhodealsiniron. 
 
 I'RONWOOD, S. a hard kind of wood, 
 fo ponderous as to fink in water. 
 
 I'RONY, Adj. made of iron ; partalting 
 of iron. 
 
 I'RONY, S. Uronk, Fr. ispsiyEia, Gr.] in 
 Rhetoric, a figure wherein a perfon means one 
 tiling and exprefTes another ; generally ufed 
 as a fnecr, and in commending a perfon for 
 qnalitics which 1^ has not. 
 
 IRRA'DIANCE, or IRRA'DIAMCY, S. 
 \^invi!'raiice, Fr. irrad'him^of irrad'io, Lat.] the 
 emilTion of rays or light on any fubjeft ; a 
 fparkling ; beams of glittering light emitted 
 or reflecled. 
 
 To IRRA'DIATE, V. k.[irraduttus, 'L2it. 
 tti irr.adio^ Lat.] to brighten. To illumine, 
 applied to riie mind. To animate with heat 
 or rays ; to adorn with fomething (hiring. 
 . IRRADIA'TION. S. the aft of emitting 
 beams of light, or glittering ; the ftate of a 
 thing made to glitter. Illumination, or know- 
 ledge applied to the mind. 
 
 IRRA'TIONAL, Adj. \hTatlonalh, Lat.] 
 ▼Old of reafon or underllanding 5 void of the 
 powers of reafon ; abftird,orcontrary to reafon. 
 
 IRRATIONA'LITY, S. the quality of 
 being void of reafon. 
 
 IRRATIONALLY, Adv. in a manner 
 inconfiftent with reafon ; abfurdly. 
 
 IRRECLAI'M.'!lBLE, Adj. not to be al- 
 tered by lnftiu(ftion, threats, or perfnafions. 
 
 IRRECONCI'LEABLP:, Adj. [irreconcl- 
 liable, Fr.] not tobeappeafed, or made to agree. 
 
 IRRECONCI'LEABLY, Adv. in a man- 
 ner not admiting a reconciliation. 
 
 _ IRRECONCI'LED, Adj. not atoned orex- 
 piated. " Many ;>/-f««fi/w^/e iniquities. "iV^ii/J. 
 
 IRRECO'VERABLE,Adj.not to be regain- 
 ed, reftored, or repaired ; not to be remedied. 
 
 IRRECOVERABLY, Adv, in a manner 
 beyond recovery, or paft all cure or remedy. 
 
 IRRE'DUCIBLE.^Adj. not to be reduced 
 
 IRREFRAGAEI'LITY, S. [from Irrefra- 
 ga/'k] ftrengthof argument not to be refuted. 
 
 IRREFRA'GABLE, [Fr.] not to he con- 
 futed, applied to argument. 
 
 IRR EFR A'GABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as not t9 be confuted. 
 
 I R R 
 
 IRREFU'TABLE, Adj. [Irrefutahilh, low 
 Lat.] not to be cfverthrown, or confuted. 
 
 IRREGU'LAR, Adj. [incguliiT, Ft. irrj;. 
 gtilarh, Lat.j deviating from, or contrary to, 
 any rule, llandard, cuftom, or nature ; im- 
 methodical ; not confiflent with the rules of 
 morality ; a foft word for I'itious. 
 
 IRREGULA'RITY, S. [irregulantc, Fr.j 
 the a€l of deviating from, or doing any thing 
 contrary to, a rule; negleift of method or 
 order ; an aftion done contrary to the rules 
 of morality. 
 
 IRRE'GULARLY, Adv. without obfer- 
 Vation of rule, method, or duty. 
 
 To IR'REGU'LATE, V. A. to make ir- 
 regular ; to difturb the order of time. 
 
 IRllE'LATIVE, Adj. having no reference 
 or I elation to any thing J (ingle ; unconnt<fted. 
 
 IRRELI'GION, S. [Fr.j contempt or 
 want of religion. 
 
 IRRELI'GIOUS, Adj. [;V;r%war, Fr.] 
 contecnning j or havin-g 110 religion ; im- 
 pious j contrary to -religion. 
 
 IRRELI'GIOUSLY, Adv, in an impious 
 manner. 
 
 IRRE'MEABLE, Adj. f;V ;wM/-r/;i, Lat.J 
 not to be repaded ; admitting no return. 
 
 IRREME'DIABLE, Adj. [Fr.] admitting 
 no cure or remedy. 
 
 IRR EME'DI ABLY, Adv. in a manner 
 admitting no cure or remedy. 
 
 IRREMI'SSABLE, Adj. [Fr.] not to be 
 pardoned. 
 
 IRREMT'SSABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 admitting no pardon. 
 
 IRR EMO'VABLE, or IRRAMO'VABLE, 
 Adj. not to be moved, changed, or affefted. 
 
 IRRE'PARABLE, Adj. [Fr. irrefarahills, 
 Lat.] not be recovered 5 not to be reftored to 
 its former (late. 
 
 IRRE'PARABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as not to be recovered or reftored to its 
 former Itate. 
 
 IRREPLE'VIABLE, Adj. in Law, not to 
 be redeemed. 
 
 IRREPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] oot 
 to be blamed. 
 
 IRREPREHE'NSIBLY, Adv. in a man- 
 ner not to be blamed 
 
 IRREPRO'ACHABLE, Adj. free from 
 blame or reproach. 
 
 IRR EPRO'ACH ABLY', Adv. in a man- 
 ner not deferving blame or reproach. 
 
 IRREPRO'VEABLE, Adj. not to be 
 blamed or found fault with. 
 
 IRRESIS rlBI'LlTY,S [fromirr'/M^^J 
 the quality of being above all rellftance. 
 
 IRRESI'STIBLE, Adj. [Fr.jfuperiorto 
 all refirtance or oppofition. 
 
 IRRESISTIBLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be hindered from afFefting its defigB or 
 end ; in a manner not be oppofed. 
 
 IRR h 'SOLUBLE, Adj. not to be broken 
 or didolved. 
 
 IRRE'SOLUBLENESS, S. the quality Of 
 O o 3 bavin
 
 IS 
 
 having itsparR rfot'to be broken or difloilved 
 
 IRKESO'LVEDLY, Adv. without' ^ly 
 fettled, ftxed, or pofitive deteiminitian.of 
 the will. ■ ■-'■ . .•■ • 
 
 IRPvE'SOLUTE, Ad]. \ir>-£fc!u,Fr.] not 
 confiant in purpofe ; not fixed: in bn-e deter- 
 mination ; continually varying in one-'s choice. 
 
 IR.RE'SOLUTELY, Adv. without firoi- 
 nefs of mind or determination. ■' . '- • 
 
 IRRESOLU'TtON, S. want rif fixed *nd 
 fcitled determination of mind. 
 
 IRRESFE'CTIVE, Adj. having no regard 
 to perfons or circumfhinces. 
 
 IRRESPE'CTIVELY, Adv. without re- 
 fpeft to circum fiances. 
 
 IRREi'RJE'VABLE, Adj. [prononnced 
 irrttrcc' uik] not to be recovered or';cpairew 
 
 IRRETRIEVABLY, Adv. iii a thanner 
 not to be recovered or rep^aired. ' ■. • • 
 
 IRRE'V■£RE^s^•v:E, S. [Pr.''f-r(rj£rcrttv, 
 Lat.] vvant of veneration or refpecl i a lf4tc 
 wrherein a perfon hasnot th..t refpcij-paid him 
 which is due to his rank or dignit,y. .'" Tl\c rV- 
 •' nr^Jivf-;, e and fco:n the judges were ih "Cl<2. 
 
 IRRE'vERENT, Adj ! Fr.] not paying, 
 cxprefiln^, or conceiving the homjge, vene- 
 ration, or refpc-cH:, due to the characler or 
 dignity of a peil -n. 
 
 IRRE'V'RENTJ.Y, Adv. without due 
 hom3j;e, rcfncift, or ventr-uic-n. 
 
 IRREVE'RSIBLE, Adj. not to be reverf- 
 ed, abrogated, or altered. 
 
 IRRhVE'RSIBLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be reverfed or changed. 
 
 IRRK'VOCABLE, /-dj. [Fr. irrevocabUh., 
 Lat.] not to be recoiled, brought back, or re- 
 verfed. 
 
 JRRE'VOCAB'.Y, Adv. without recovery 
 or recal. 
 
 To I'RRIGATE, V. A. {b-ng-in:s, from 
 irr'ig-o, f.at.j to wft, moillen, or water. 
 
 IRRIGA'TION, S. tr.e aft of watering, 
 wetting, or moiilening. 
 
 IRiU'GUOUS, Adj. [inkvus, Lat.] wa- 
 tery or watered. *' Some in'tguous valley." 
 Par.L'1. Dewy or moid. 
 
 IRr'i'SION, S. t Fr. ?>;■ -c, Lat.] the aft 
 of deriding, mocking, or laughing at another. 
 
 To I'RRITATE, V. A. [i,;i:atu;, Lat. 
 from irnto, Lat.] to provoke to anger ; to 
 tc.ize. 1 o caufc an infiammifion, applied to 
 wounds. To heighten any quality. " Air 
 " irritiitifh cold." Lacon. 
 
 IRRITA'TIOV, S. [Fr. mhatlo, Lat.] the 
 aft of p-ovoking, exafperating, or Simulating. 
 
 IP.RU'l'TlONjS.fFr. ;>;i<i/;o,Lat.]theaft 
 of any thing forcing an entrance ; an inroad, 
 or forcible entry of an enemy into any place. 
 
 IS. the third perfon fingular of the pre- 
 fenr t'.nfe indicative, from the verb ta Ic, bor- 
 rowed frrm .-3, Goth, the fccond perfon fin- 
 gular of the prefent tenfe indicative of luifar., 
 Goth. Sometimes the ; is left out, and ex- 
 profled bv an apoihopbe over its pl-ce, as, 
 " 'iKere'j fome." &hak. 
 
 I ST 
 
 t 
 
 ;. I.'^-H, from ^c/Sax.-a ternrMiigVipn^addcdti^ ' ;' 
 words, expreftes diminution ol-le'nehidg the-'.. 
 fi-nfe of the woid, if joinedto anadjeftive, ..3S . ; 
 b!ii:Jh ": when added to a fubftantive,' it iipplie? ,"!* 
 likeriefs, or partakinglhe qualifieS:of the fub-/ # 
 fiantive to which it is added J iiS ficlijfx^juiolf- 
 ijh : when added to the rame of a coun"t|;y,'.T . 
 it rmplies fomething belongiag to. or' living . ': 
 in it ; as Swt\iif.>, Lof.dtpip., Sax,; ' '. 
 
 i'SIKGLASo, S. a tough, firm, and Ug^t 
 fubflarice of a "hitifh colour, and_fooiev\hat •<• 
 tranfpartnt, reprefcnting glue, bufin- fpm8'_ . 
 dej;rec cleanlier. It is made from the int^f- , 
 tines of a cartilugi.rous fifh, \Uiicliis afpeciej; . 
 of Iturgeon, grows to eighteen or twenty feet '.■■ 
 in length, ■ arid is freciuently found in the 
 Danube,- &r. In r.Iedicinc, it is prefcribed 
 in bioths and jellies as an agghitinant and 
 ftrengtliener, and by wine coopers i^ is ufed ■■ 
 in clearing wines. 
 
 I'SINGLASS-STONE, S. a fo/Hl found' 
 in broad malTes, compofcd of a multitude of 
 extremely fine flakes or plates : the ancients 
 m?de tl.eir windows of it infiead of giafs. 
 
 I'SLAlvD, S. f pronounced Hand; ig, ox ' 
 \nlav.d, eai'tidy Sax. of ea, w.-i!cr and land ; 
 i:,j,.Ital. inji'lii, Lat.] a traft of land fur- 
 rounded by water. 
 
 rSLANDER,S. [pronounced HanderJ one 
 v<ho inhabits an ifland. 
 
 ISLK, S. [pronounced He; from ijje, Yr.'] 
 an ifland or country funounded by water; a 
 long «a!k in a church, corruptly from ai/e, 
 of aik, Fr. a wing, it being oiiginally only 
 a wing, or fide- walk. 
 
 IS6'SCLf:S, S. [Lat. of aro: and y.iXn, Gr.] 
 applied to a triangle which has two fides equal. 
 
 VSSUE, S. I Fr.] the aft of pafling out} 
 pafTage outwards ; an event, or the confc- 
 quence of any aftion. In Surgery, a hole 
 madein the flefti by incifion, for thedifchargc 
 of humours. Ofispring ; the profits growing 
 from an amercement; the point of matter 
 depending on a fuit, wherein the parties join, 
 and put the caufe to the trial of a jury. 
 Kence tojcim ijjue. is to agree upon fomepar- 
 ticjl.ir point, on which the decifion of a 
 caufe (hall reft. 
 
 1 o I'SSUK, V. N. [from the nonn ; ifer, 
 Fr. ufcire, Ital.] to come or pafs out at any 
 place. To proceed, applied to offspring. To. 
 be produced or gained, applied to funds or. 
 trade. To run out in lines. To fend out 
 by authority, or jiidicially, ufed with out: 
 ihh fenfe is moft common. 
 
 I'SSUELESS, Adj. without offspring or 
 children. 
 
 I'STHMUS, S. [Lat. from is-S^of, Gr.] a 
 neck of land joining a peninfula to the con- 
 tinent. 
 
 IT, Pron. [hyt, or hit. Sax. neuter. "Hyt 
 " is ofthjmc Hdgian Gojie, Jt is of the Holy 
 " Ghoft." Matt. i. 20. from i/j, Goth.J 
 t!ie neuter demonflrative, made ufe of in 
 fpeaking of things. Sometimes it is ufed 
 
 bfoivitclv 

 
 I T A 
 
 I T A 
 
 .4-.«^6fli;teljfcirjhe ft?teof-a.-^erfon or pfEir. jcte/ciibfjAVith Italy, as beinjr contiguous t» 
 •'• .''^•^ow'Jsfjfcf'.'.'.ii:^/^. ■Soitietinies elipticaily.rPieJmorit." Thfe ilguic of the triaiu land of 
 
 't.*for th&tlMn"gi*.roalt^r., orafiair; "/r'i comcto 
 
 ■'y. *'•??■'»•" ■Si<r*,.:i^frc^'ne.utra! vetb^ itlsufed 
 
 "vrither • liiJi'cro'ullypr'- 'ticj-. gtv^ an 'cmphitds. 
 
 '. ^ ' 1'TA.L.Y, S. ^'panqf feHrdp(»anciebtfyV- 
 • 'teamed, sjrtd i[\ll }uCxlya.ll0V!^d, ^bsthcrtioft 
 celt-biaceJ m' thp vT'bjjd ; ■h&t- onIy"?Si|.K \i^. 
 the ftat of the Roman empire/ wiiqjicc l»\v$ 
 were'illiietl out over the "gre^tefi. part of ibt 
 glo.bp for ihe goverment of thofc niighjy' 
 .Wrtgdonis wliich it had brought under' its 
 yoke, but as it was then, and is ftill, in 
 fbms ineafiire one of the sanil Tcrtile and 
 healthy foots on the farfjce of the earth : fo 
 that it was emphatically (liied Ljppy by an- 
 cient authors, where Ceres an J Bacchus ftrove 
 
 Italy fefcmbles that of a boot 5 and from N. 
 W.. ,to S.£, it is upwafds of 6co milc5 in 
 '^"b!'<'vt>«t o'fvery un'equal breiid.th. In tlie 
 N.parf-', .whir);, .may be confidered as the 
 tog.of ihebooft, its ioq miles broad from 
 ■K; td yY._4n. the middle part or calf of the 
 ■j'^Si;'?-aii«".t jf^o ; and towards the S. that 
 >, iiheulf-.the inftep, go. The divifion of 
 Jta/y,_^in..xli;e, rerga of Auguftus, was into 
 Cifaiplse "G^ut, jtalia Propria, and Gracia 
 •Manr}a_, -.yhich continued, fome finall altera- 
 tions..excepted, during all the time of the Ro~ 
 m;:n 'emperors, till the reign of Honoiiu.s, 
 when, fhc 'eiT)nire becoming extremely weak, 
 the Buijs, .Goths, Vandals, Herii'li, feV. 
 pafjcd^he'AIps, parcelled the greatefl pirtof 
 
 which fliould moft blefs its favourite inliabi- 1 the country into little kingdoms and Hates, 
 
 tants ; the former with the greatcll plenty 
 and variety of grain and fruit, and the latter 
 ^vith the moH: exquihte wines. Rut if we ex- 
 tend our view.= further, w'hat harveft doth 
 thi.s country yield, of themoft valiant and ex- 
 perienced generals of antiquity, the nobleft 
 oratr.rs, the finefl poets, and the mod famous 
 ii-'itorlans ; and of an infinite number of other 
 eminent ptrJ":>nages, both in early and more 
 modern d lys ; all which it would be too te- 
 oious to enumerate particularly. And if to 
 th:5 vve take in the ftupcndous monuments 
 of their power, as their flateiy temples, aque- 
 du£fs, caufeways, highways, public baths, 
 amphitheatres, Cii'c. we fhail cafily allow, that 
 hardly cverany country could boafl of greater 
 advantages. However, if the raartial art has 
 been lately lefs cultivated, the more iot\ ones 
 of architecture, fcnipture, painting, mulic, 
 ■&'c. have been carried here to a very great 
 "lieight; and yet the more noble fciences have 
 not been neglected for the fake of thcfe. And 
 .if it hath not produced fuch boldphilofophers 
 as Defcartes, or fuch eminent ones as Sir 
 IfaacNewton, the fate of a Galileo may have 
 intimidated them from venturing too far in 
 <hat kind of dangerous learning. Italy was 
 anciently governed by a great number of petty 
 kings, vvhofe power degenerating into ty- 
 ranny, obliged their fubjedts to form thcm- 
 felves into commonalties of various denomi- 
 nations. The greatefl part of the country 
 •was known by th£ names of liefperia, Sa- 
 turnia, Aufonia, Oenotria, Canicula, La- 
 'tium, and laftly Italy, Italy lies between lat. 
 38 deg. but including Sicily, between 36 
 and 46 deg. of N. latitude, and between 
 long. 7. and 19 deg. E, Ii is bounded on the 
 N. by Switzerland and the Alps, which fs- 
 parate it from Germany ; on the E. by the 
 iAdriatlc, on the S. by the Mediterranean, 
 and to the W. by that and the Alps, which 
 divide it from France : and if S.ivoy be in- 
 cluded, which lies on the \V. fide of the 
 Alps, between Italy and France, it extends a 
 fkgiee farther W, which however is ufually 
 
 and held it iri/ubjed?ion till the reign of Juf- 
 tinian. . ..'f his . prince having cleared the 
 country of thofe barbarians, ereded the ex- 
 archate of Jlavenna, and made that city the 
 capital. :i iiis new government having lafled 
 183 years, under feventeen esarches, who 
 maintained the power of the emperors of the 
 e.ifl:, was fupceeded by that of the Longo- 
 bardi, or Lornbard.?, v.ho having taking Ra- 
 venna from Eutychius the laft exarch, eretl- 
 ed a kingdom in,G;Jlia Togata, under A- 
 Cculphus. 'Tis to thefe we owe that excel- 
 lent body of Jaws, ftill famed under the 
 name of Longobardian, and compiled by 
 their king Rotharus. At length the empe- 
 rors of the eaft having quite loff their power 
 in Italy, pope Leo HI. wlio had been highly 
 obliged to the Fren<n for protefting the holy 
 lee againfi the Lombards, invited 'king Pe- 
 pin into Italy, and foon afterhisfon Charle- 
 magne, who was crowned king of the 
 Franks ; and on Chtifimas-day Sol, was 
 crow ned emperor by that PontiiT, in St. P-e- 
 ter's church at Rome. From this time, new 
 kingdoms, dukedoms, and Itates were ereded 
 in Italy ; the pone having had feveral confi- 
 derable territories bellowed on him by the 
 emperor. The loil of Italy is generally very 
 good and fertile. The low lands afFbrd great 
 qu.antity of good paflmage for vaft numbers 
 of cattle; and the climate, excepting fome 
 few places in the ecdefiaflical ifate, moftly 
 efleemed teinperate and healthy. The mo- 
 dern Italians are generally very polite and af- 
 fable, ingenious, and ready-witted ; and of 
 great applications both in (lady and bufineis. 
 Tht-y coinmocly bear a great afTeiftion to- 
 wards ll;cir ■ivindred and alliance ; ,ind they 
 are very ambitious of honour and prefer- 
 ment ; highly valuing thcmfelves a.s the o/T- 
 fpring and fuccclibrs of the ancient Romans- 
 The nobility and gentry chufe to live moflly 
 in towns, and to lay out thtir money rather 
 in fine houfcs, coflly furniture, flatuc?, 
 painting?, and Ifatcly architecfure, beautiful 
 gardens, &c. than in keeping up rich ta- 
 O ^ bles,
 
 J U B 
 
 liles, or luxurious eating and drinking. No 
 nation, except the Spanilli, is more fcrupu- 
 loiifly nice in all the pundtilios of civility 
 than the Italians, nor more protiife of ftrain- 
 ed compUments, pompous titles, (^c. Italy 
 abouiidj every where with hofpitals for the 
 fick, Lime, lunacies, and foundlings ; but 
 
 JUG 
 
 Lat. a mufical inrt^rumen-t, fo called frani 
 Jubal the inventor] a public fcftivity ; a 
 time of rejoicing ; a grand church feftival 
 celtl)ratcd at Rome, originally once every 
 iiundied years, wherein the pope grants ple- 
 nary indulgence to all fmners, efpeeially futh 
 as vifit the churches of St. Peter and Piuil at 
 
 fpeciilly for the entertainment of pilgritfts Rome. It was firft eflablilhed by Boniface 
 
 and travellers going to and from Rome, Lo 
 rctto, (sfc. They reckon the day from fun- 
 fct to fuii-fet, and make their clocks (hike 
 the twenty-tour hours round, inftead of di- 
 viding tlie day into two paits. I'lic Italian 
 language is a kind of corruption of the an- 
 cient Roman, which latter was in its highcfl 
 perfection in the reign of the evnpcror Au 
 guftus ; but it foon after fell into decay, till 
 by the inundations of the Gnths and Van- 
 dals, it became fa barbarous, that it fcarcely 
 retained any traces of its origin : but from 
 the b.ight of barbarifm it has now dwind 
 led. a foft and melodious language, efpe-j 
 daily fit for mufic. Tufcany is the country 
 where the belt Italian is fpoken. But in 
 Naple.'i, Venice, 1-iedmont, and other parts, 
 it is more Iiarfh, and blended with the old 
 Goti'ck, Lombardic, and Etrufcan tongues. 
 
 ITCiT S. {gic/ja. Sax.] in Medicine, a 
 «!ifeafc wt/f f^ overfpreads the body with pn- 
 Ihiles, attenue.' with an irritating fenfaiion, 
 and communicated by conta<ft ; the (enfation 
 of uneafinefs caufei by the itch, or ap'^eafcd 
 by rubbing. Figuratively, a conliant tcaling 
 delire. 
 
 To ITCH, V. N. to feel an une^finef-, in 
 the fkin, which is removed by rubbing; to 
 have a long and continual delne and prcpen- 
 lity. 
 
 I'TCHY, .'dj. affefted with the itch 
 
 Vlll. in i^co, Clement VI. reduced it to 50 
 
 years ; Urban VI to every 23th ; andSixtus 
 
 iV. to every z^d year. 
 
 JUCU'NDITY, S. [Jucundhas, Lat.] plea- 
 
 fantnefs j agreeablenefs. " Uncxpefted ju' 
 
 " cunditii'i'' Bn.ivrt. Not in ufe. 
 
 To lUDA'lZE, V. N, [juJaifer, Fr.] to 
 
 conform to the manner or culloms of the 
 
 Jews. 
 
 JUDGE, S. [jug^, Fr. judex, Lat.] one 
 
 who is empowered or authorized to hear and 
 
 dcter.mine any caufe or quelHon, real, or per- 
 
 C^-nal, and prefides in a cout of judicature. 
 Figuratively, one who has fkill iufficient to 
 difcover and pronounce upon the merit of 
 any thing. 
 
 To JUDGE. V. N. [juger, Fr.] to decide 
 or determine a queftion ; to pafs fentcnce ; to 
 difcn or dilHnguilli. 
 
 Ji_'DciER, S. one who forms an opinion, 
 or palFcs fentencc. 
 
 JUM^GMEHT, S. that power of the mind 
 whereby wejc.inide£S tegether, by affirming 
 or denying any thing concerning them ; the 
 quality or power of difcerning the propriety 
 or impropriety of things ; the right, power^ 
 cr aift of pafling fentence ; decifion ; opinion; 
 fen te 11 cc palled again!! a criminal ; condem- 
 nation, or puniniment infii£>ed by Providence 
 for any particular crime ; the diftribution of 
 juftice ; the fentence palled on our actions on 
 
 I'TEM, S, ' i-at.] a newarticle ; ahint or the lafl day ; the laft doom 
 
 inuendo. Ufcd in 'vills, in its original I'enfe, 
 for alj'o. "■ Item, I give and bequeath." I 
 
 To I'TER.^TE, V. A. {heyatus, Lat. of 
 ;7cvo] to repeat the fame thing ; to inculcate 
 by frequent mention or repetition ; to do a 
 fceond time. 
 
 ITE'RANT, Part, {itcram, Lat.] repeat- 
 ing. 
 
 ITERA'TION, S. fFr. iteniuo, Lat] the 
 T^Oi of doing the fame thing more than oncej 
 repetition, or rccit.d. 
 
 ITINERANT, Adj. [Fr.] wandering ; 
 not fettled ; travelling. 
 
 • ITI'NERARY, S. \\tmevcire, Fr. \t\neya- 
 rv.im, lat.] a book of travels. 
 
 ITSE'LF, Prcn. [of hyt. Sax. and Jylf, 
 Sax, ivomftlha, Goth.] the neutral recipro- 
 cal pronoun, applied to things. 
 ■ JU'P>ILANr, Part, [juhilans, Lat.] ut- 
 tering fongs of triumph. 
 
 JUBILrVTlON, S. [Fr. )t>hiytic, Lat.] 
 the act of uttering fongs of tiiuuiph, or of 
 declaring triumph. 
 
 JU'BILEE, S. [jubUi\ Fr. from jubUf, 
 
 JU'DICATORY, S. diihibution of juftice; 
 a court of juftice. 
 
 JU'DICATURE,S.[Fr.]thepowcr or pro- 
 vince of difpenfing jullice, or hearing caufes, 
 and palling fentence. 
 
 JL'DI'CIAL, Adj. [judh-ialis, Lat.] prac- 
 (ifcd in the difiribuaon of juftice, or in a 
 court of jullice; inflicfledasa penalty; be- 
 longing to ajudge or court of juftice. 
 
 JL Dl'CIALLY, Adv. in the forms of le- 
 gal jullice ; in a court of jullice; before a 
 judge. 
 
 JUDICIARY, Adj. \judUaire,Yr judl- 
 ciarius, Lat.] palling judgement upon any 
 thing. 
 
 JUDI'CIOUS, Adj. [;Wi,-;c«.r, Fr.] pru- 
 dent ; wife ; /kilful in any affairs. 
 
 JUDI'CIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner which 
 fpeaks an extenfive judgement or underftand- 
 ing; juftly or wifely. 
 
 JUG, S. [jugge, Dan.] a large drinking 
 veflel, with a long neck, fwdling out to- 
 wards the bottom. 
 
 To JUGGLE, S. [j<^»g!<^''ijo>'gler, Fr.kaa-
 
 J U N 
 
 JUS 
 
 Jau, Sclav, kaykhivati. Boh. kugloioac, Pol.] I line or part in which two things are joined 
 
 to play tricks by flight of liand ; to praftife or 
 ijnpofe on by artifice or impofturc. 
 
 JUGGLE, S. a trick performed by flight 
 of hand ; an impofture, fraud, or deception. 
 
 JU'GGLER, S. [from juggle] one who 
 praftii'es flight of hand, or performs tricks by 
 nimble conveyance ; a cheat or impofture. 
 
 JU'GGLING, [kugloivany^ Pol. gagul, 
 gogltil, Perf.j the practice of legerdemain or 
 flight of hand ; unfair dealing, deceat, or im- 
 polture. 
 
 JU'CGLINGLY, Adv. in an unfair or 
 deceitful manner. 
 
 JU'GULAR, Adj. [jugulum, Lat. the 
 throat] fituatedin, or belonging to the throat. 
 
 JUICE, S. [pronounced j«;a', both in this 
 word and its derivatives ; jus, Fr. and Lat. 
 juys, Bclg.] the liquor, fap, or water of a 
 plant : the fluid or moillure in animal bodies. 
 
 JU'ICELESS, Adj. dry ; without moifture 
 or juice. 
 
 JUl'CINESS, S. plenty of juice, or moif- 
 ture, applied both to plants and animals. 
 
 JU'ICY, Adj. moill j full of moifturc or 
 juice. 
 
 JU'LAP, S. [julap, Fr.] in Pharmacy, an 
 agreeable potion ufually made of fimple and 
 compounded waters fweftened, and ufed 
 fometimes as a vehicle to fuch medicines as 
 cannot be taken alone. 
 
 JU'LUS, S. [Lat.] in Botany, the J«/y 
 jloiver. 
 
 JU'LY, S. [Julius, Lat. JuUkt, Fr,] the 
 name affixed to the fcventh month of the 
 year, from January, by the Romans, in ho 
 
 nour of Julius Csefiir, which before his time civil or common. 
 
 together j a joint, joining, or articulation ; 
 union. '' JunBure of hearts." K. Charles. 
 A critical point or period of time. 
 
 JUNE, S. [Jinn, Fr. Junius, Lat. be- 
 caufe this month was dedicated to Juno, or 
 becaufe it was appropriated to young people 
 (junicribus) as May was to old ones] the fixth 
 month of the year from January. 
 
 JU'NIOR, S. [Lat.] a perfon younger 
 than another. 
 
 JU'NIPER, S, [jumperus, Lat.] a plant, 
 which produces the berries of which gin is 
 made. 
 
 JUNK, S, [junco. Span, giunco, Ital.] a 
 fmall fliip ufed in china ; pieces of old cable. 
 
 JU'NKET, S. See jfuncate. 
 
 JU'NTO, S. fltal.] a company of men 
 combined in any fecret defign ; a cabal. 
 
 r VORY, S [ix'oir£,Fr. a-vorio, Ital. Ja hard, 
 folid, firm uibilance, of a fine white colour, 
 capable of a good polilh, and is the tuflcs of 
 the elephant. Adjedively, it lignifies any 
 thing made of ivory; as, "an i-vorv ball." 
 
 JU'RAT, S. [juratus, Lat.] a magiftratc 
 of the nature of an alderman. 
 
 JU'RATORY, Adj. [juratatre, Fr.] by 
 means of, or by giving aa oa'h. 
 
 JURI'DICAL, Adj. [juridicus, Lat. juri- 
 dique, Fr.j afting in the diftribution of juf- 
 tice ; ufed in the courts of jultice. 
 
 JU'RISDICTION, S. [Fr.>/-//i.'/;'7/o,Lat.] 
 legal authority; extent of power; a diftrift 
 to which any authority belongs. 
 
 JURISPRU'DENCE, S. [Fr. juris pm- 
 dentia, Lat. J the fcience of the law, either 
 
 was named Quintiilis, or the fifth, j. e. from 
 March . 
 
 JU'MART, S. [Fr.] a beaft got from a 
 mixture of a bull and a marc. 
 
 To JUMBLE, V. A. to mix in a con- 
 fufed and violent manner together. Neuterly, 
 to be agitated or fhaken together, 
 
 JUMBLE, S. a confufed mixture J a vio- 
 lent and confufed Ihaking. 
 
 To JUMP, V. N. [gumpen, Belg xo^ttoc, 
 Gr.] to move forward by raifisg one's felf 
 from the ground into the air ; to leap; to jolt. 
 *' The. juviping chariots." Nah, iii. 2. 
 
 JUMP, S. the aift of fpringmg or raifing 
 one's fec-t from the ground in the air ; a leap, 
 or (kip. Figuratively, a lucky chance. "Our 
 " fortune lies upon X.h'isjump.'''' Shak. A kind 
 of loofe or limber ftays, with a moveable fto- 
 macher, ufually laced or tied before. 
 
 JU'NCATE, S. [juncade, Fr. gkncala, 
 Ital.j a cheefecake; any kind of delicacy ; a 
 private or clapdeftine entertainment ; now 
 written junket. 
 
 JU'NCOUS, Adj. [juncus, Lat.] full of 
 bulrulhes. 
 
 JU'NCTION, S. [jonaion, Fr.] union; 
 coalition. 
 ' JU'NCTURE, S. [junaura, Lat ] the 
 
 JU'RIS r, S. [jurijle, Fr.] one who pro- 
 fefTes the fcience of the law ; a civilian. 
 
 JU'ROR, S. [jura, Lat. J one who ferves 
 on a jury. 
 
 JU'RY, S. [jur/, Fr. jurafa, Lat.] a com- 
 pany of men, confifting of twelve or twenty- 
 four, and fworn to deliver a truth upon fuch 
 evidence as fliall be laid before them touch- 
 ing the caufe they are to decide. The grand 
 jury confifts ordinarily of twenty-four grave 
 and fubftantial gentlemen, or fome of them 
 yeomen, chofen out of the whole (hire by 
 the ftieriff", to confider of all bills of indidl- 
 ment preferred to the court, which they ap- 
 prove by writing billa -vera, or difallow, by 
 writing ignoramus on them. 
 
 JU'RYMAN, S. one who is impanncllei 
 on a jury. 
 
 JU'RY-MAST, S. fomething fet up in 
 the room of a malt loft in a fight or ftorm. 
 
 JU.ST, Adj. [ju/ie, Fr. ju/lus, Lat.] un- 
 biaftid in diftribution of jultice ; honeft in 
 dealing with others; exacft, proper, accurate, 
 or agreeable to the ftandard of juftice ; vir- 
 tuous, or living conformable to the laws of 
 morality ; true ; well grounded j proportion- 
 ate ; regular. 
 
 JUST, Adv. cxartlvj merely, or barely.
 
 free frqm -the guift atnj'ipiipi'nim^^J of gJd 
 (in J^y iin'putcy"^^h't-eduftic'f/<iAd-parJbn'!r' .'. 
 
 iFr'.l tp.enteiihkr^^chtli/. (vi^ifti a^nlft each^. 
 
 '2^'b l-NESS,'''^/t>ie- "ekatt corihhrDiry of . 
 rjiiiigs and aclioijs-to au-y.fa\v, niils, Or-Yfand- 
 •a>il-jjiiliice,'"p<3-(5^v;iety.or.'£Sa"(3aolV.';i' r .; " 
 " ■ To jUl-'-, y..A; to puTiT or J^opfSjtb pror' 
 miaences ; to. thnd eut , beybnd ..ths. otfier.. 
 pares of' thafurfacp. ,•*'..■■•-.. * 
 
 JUT'TY,- S:*apjr.t;'cif-a' bpildirig wh'icK, 
 
 *'* Juji enovs^h." pryd. ^Je^rly or notf^i; 
 from. " ^r.^ at the point pf dcaih.;'-7**/7r. 
 JU'STICE, S:{F V ju/rtla, Lut.-.l 'th^vu-; 
 tiie whereby we give ev^ry ahe'their-duej-in- 
 fiift puniromeut on fhofe tiTat'dEierve ic,-a/if3, 
 acquit the innocent afferg fair trial." Figura- 
 tively, punillimeijit'-TiuhtjOr.the aft .where-, ,t:}L3> I'LY^.-Adfr/ in'.a qi^iiner.fconJiik'ni"^ 
 by a perion allerts Ms tight. In.Lavv' p^eo-' _wrth vi^tiJ-.jtiilice aiii.li^neRys-'- "Ftg^fi'tivtly;' 
 liarly applied to aju^ft^'ot'vthe peace, ^ Iic?-(i\pfct>peny ; eiiac'd'y*^ ii''iJiu;':fr6pov{1o^i 
 Chief J ujiki of t%\ ih^r hitch, isatlofd.ll.y "' >--!■.. 
 
 his office. and:thiet of the 'lell; he dett-jr- 
 mines all fuch pleas isoonctfn^olTtncas, coca^- 
 mitted againft tha Ci^ownj^xn^^^V' *^^ V^^i" 
 of the king ; Lord'Cl^^ffji-jtm-of thc-cimmri 
 pica, is a lord -IVy his 'office^ and formerly did. 
 
 hear anddettrmiof^ir.caVilesincommchlSw, ^ _ ,<..-• 
 
 from whence aro/e' Ws title. 'y/i/J/VEeJfV/in: '(lands out fardier^han tijCTefb. 
 fcreti, is a lord by ' his-office, atid a-i'rh' ^h\s 
 affilbnts determines"^ all olTsncfS wichin^.the 
 king's foreft, committed agiinft'vcnifon-am}-' 
 vert. Jtiflkei of 'ajjiz.(, art fuch as ■liy/pc-lybuthfulnels. ' , ; 
 cial commifljon aie-ieuf into the country^ |. J'JX TAPOSI'-' 
 take affizes 
 jurticcSj are 
 
 and were formerly fer^t*hy commifllon into 
 different countries to try' fuch caufcs, particu^ 
 larly, as were terineS picas of the crowij. 
 Jufkes of^aolddh'i'.y, aic fuch as are cotK- 
 miffioncd to hear anddcrtermineallcaufesfoi' 
 •which perfons are caff Into ,c;aol. Juftices cf 
 v'lfiprv.s, are the fimeas juliicesof the affize, 
 and receive their name from the common 'ad- 
 journment of a caufe in the common pleas, 
 " Nisi Vt<.\vsjujlkiaru-veneiintadcaipiirtei,^\ 
 i. e. Uiilefs the juftices that come to thofe 
 parts l)cfore. 
 
 JUSTICESHIP, S, [fiomjV^ff^ and /?•//) ; 
 offcyp. Six.] the office, ran.k, or dignity of 
 a juflice. Ufcd generally in a luiicr^'us fenfe. 
 
 JUSTIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from ^/ji/j; J to 
 fee defended by law or reafon j conformable 
 to law or juilice. 
 
 JUSTIFI'ABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 being cleared from any acrufation j the qua- 
 lity of being defenfible by l:iw or reafon. 
 
 JUSTIFI'AELY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to be reconciled to law, reafon, or juftice, 
 
 JUSTIFICATION, .S. [Fr.j a defence, 
 vindicat'on, or the zf\ of clearing from an 
 acrufation of guilt ; abfoKition from guilt i 
 deliverance or acquittal by p-^rdon from fins 
 part. In Scripture, a judicial aft of God, by 
 which the rightcoufnefs of Chrill is imputed 
 to the faithtol, and fins are forgiven on ac- 
 count of his obedience, merits, and facri.'ice, 
 
 JUSTIFICA'TOR, S, one who defends, 
 vindicates, or cleares from any charge of 
 guilt. 
 
 JUSTIFI'ER, S. one who cleares both 
 from the charge and punifhment of fin by 
 arguments, by imputation of merits, and by 
 pardon. 
 
 To JU'STIFY, V. A. [jujiifier, Fr.] to 
 clear from ariy charge of guilt ; to abfolve or 
 acquit from any accufation ; to vindicate ; to 
 
 
 
 JU'VEJ-JILE, A'dj;.'-[^ivpifii) l>at.»] young^- 
 or .y«5[Uhful. ■"*:■• *• .... • . 
 jUVENrLpTY; S; i;he-!ft«te;of yo\|fl)}, 
 
 ri0^r..'6;.'[Fr.,£:/;fi'a and"' 
 Juti'icei 'ii! eyre, or itinerant pcjuii, Lut.] the l^atc oi.h&la^ fUcci clofe 
 focallcd'fniiV)^''''^. Ff- 2 ioi"'^6y, CO each other- .•;■.'.. ^■'■*- "•■..• !.*• 
 
 eloi:ii,Ru(l.j m Botany^ ^j'e^fr^. Jts-flowSrs ; 
 %redifpofed irtthc foritt.of .ari uijibelj-'.with-a ; 
 fmali involiiciucu indented 'rnfevcrklparts. ' 
 The empalemtut.is Gfir':into" t;'pSrtSj and Iits 
 .upon the geiincri.-.YIh'eilouxr has. 5 'oblong ' 
 petals fprejd opAi-witli ijiciirvcd points ; anti"' 
 5 awl-lliaped (tajnvna, .ciit into ' two at thejr. .. 
 bafe. Lioiisus pierces "it "id thd fth clafs of '" 
 his firft fecftion, ■ jrhefp^cies are twoi '. 
 
 :K 
 
 T 
 
 ■■ r,K. 
 
 IS a double, confouant, and the 
 tenth letter of tlie alphabet ; bor- 
 roaed from the Greek *i2/!/a, and is 
 of thefaTiie form with that in the Gothic and 
 Saxon a!pha!)ets, from whenceours is derived. 
 It has one invariable hard found, like that of 
 c before a \ is, generally ukd between a vowel 
 and an e fiknt, as in rf;^i5^ ; is filent in our pre- 
 fcnt pronunciation before n as in kna-ve, and 
 though ufcd after c at the end of words of one 
 fyllable, yet in thofe of more than one fyl- 
 lable, is unnecefiary, and judicioufly omitted 
 by fome moderns. It is ufed as a numeral letter 
 for 250 J and with a dalh over it, thus, 
 
 K for 25,000. 
 
 KA'LFNDAR, S. See Calend, or Calendar. 
 
 K.VLI, S, [Arab.] a plant growing on the 
 fea coaffs, whofe aQies are of great ufe in 
 making glafs or foap. 
 
 KAM, Adj. [kam, Erfe.] crooked ; not to 
 the purpofe, " This clean kam." Shak. 
 
 To KAW, V. A. to make a noifc like a 
 raven, crow, or rook. 
 
 KAW, S, the cry of a raven, crow or 
 rock. 
 
 To KECK, V, N. [kdcketr, Belg.] to heave 
 9 the
 
 ^ ^^'..• 
 
 K E;E 
 
 .""iJie.'Romacii'j tp reach at fpijlJJthinigTfiaiifcoH^' 
 • ."or ftjiiedmifti-. .. - . '. -•'.."' 
 *. ' . -To KJU^GE, X- A- T*^i*^'. Belg.} iii'Nav 
 ',. vigat1on,';t6 kring a fliip' up ;or down -a n^ir- 
 fojir'river by the vvinj^.tjiougb' the tiiie 'be 
 
 '. conti'ary, •by means. of tl^eXedge ancho!'. 
 
 ;'■ KK/DGLR, or EEQuEi Aiichor, S. a 
 •V /malt anchor ulVd in ;iTircr, 
 . * . KE'DLXCK, S- a weed that grows among 
 .• corn, . (^ifed likewif^ f^/3!a?<f«t; 
 
 ' •. 'l)ottaiti. <|f a,ftirp.''V ". '»''"■' ~ •; . 
 
 '.,. .■To keel) Y, A., [c'celati,' SaL] toicrool. 
 
 ;, or pV'^^'Sn'^ frdrri. boiling t|Ver. " Wliile 
 
 ••■•^ "greafy Joan ■<i6t1\ i^ff/.tiiepot. " ShaL This 
 
 :s 
 
 ■ .r . . • . ■■ ..'•*?';• • 
 
 tly'tig fortune iife' of anorherrone who ftas 
 .tlje care of parks, pr the lu'periiucndance of 
 ■Bnoi.hcr. Ktyper dfthegre^it'^al, is a lord by 
 his office, called Lord'.AeepeKy-ajid is of the 
 king's privy c^juncil^ ■ •.'■"'■ 
 , K E':t:i'EKSH IP,- S-; 'the office of a keeper. 
 KEG, S. [e'.z^K!:; KK]. a 'i,n)aU barrel. 
 KELL, S.. ileeCW. •' • ' • 
 ■ KEIiP, S. a fatt. prpduetd from calcined 
 ■fca ivced." ' •"• •• ■• - .■ •. 
 •" K-E'LSON, S.- See Ke^/fcn. ■' 
 ■'-■.To KEN, v. A. ff^'yj^s. Sax.] to difcry 
 br.fee at a ditiance ^ to khovv. 
 
 KEN,' S. view jVpf'-fbe diftaiice within 
 wbicha perfon caij /ee itn objed. " Saw 
 
 ■ plirat,.ihough nowobfokte in London, may '."within kei.^' Milt:'-' '- '-. 
 
 •• t)e"'ft(iiJnef'With in Jnoft provinces. ,V KE'NNEL, S. t''^tw/,'Fr.], a cot or place 
 
 Vvbei-cjn dogs are kept j a pack of hounds; 
 the hole of a fox or other' bead: j the fmail 
 caviry lor hollow-in. which water runs througli 
 A.ltreet. .-.■•.'. 
 
 -To KE'NNEL, V,'N/-to lie or live, ap- 
 plied properly to dogs or foxcSj and contemp- 
 t.uoully uied of men. ' r ■'.' 
 ; KENT, by the)R6mans called Catitivi.^, 
 oat of the counties of Engbnd, Jt is bound- 
 ed on the S. W. by,/SlJl^,x,, on the "W. by 
 Suriy, and on ilie S.. by th^t Englilh channel, 
 on the S. E. by Dover llTeights, and on the 
 E. by the Downs. It v. uivided from Ellex 
 (indMiiidlefexon the N. by iheriver Thames. 
 Ihi's courity lies in the diocefes of Canter- 
 bury and Rocheller, is hfty-lix miles long 
 f__-.^ ' ' ro W. and thirty broad from S. tr, 
 
 KE'£I^FAT,-^...t «?/<!,// vSax. znifat^ of 
 <:-i;,"Belg-.] 'a. cooler^ or Veflcl in which wort 
 '• or other liquor is^t-to, coo!. . 
 
 '. •- KE'ELSO.'fl,. S. .ilia.t pie'ce of timber in a 
 
 -'. ftip, which is'.nexr her. ket'l, and lies right. 
 
 ■ o/'.er it iicxt .a^o\^aha fioor timber. 
 
 '•■KEEN, A&]. [«y(»,.'SaxJ (tiarp. or cut- 
 ting eafily,' applieLJ". to the-edge of an inftni- 
 rusjit, and 'oppbfcd X(\^blurit.. Severe, piercing, 
 ^^or exctfI}V'eiycqKT,ji^pj:Hied' to winds or wea-. 
 
 v" tljei- J. eager,_.vehp_iVjetit, Of great fiibtilty, 
 applied to-thejUrtdeiiftsnihng; . . Acrimonious, 
 VY af)eftiiig:'vvith' Uneab'rieis-;. applied to wit. 
 KE'ENJLY, Adv.'.lhty-ply, 'cir cutting eaii- 
 
 •■•vly ; Vehenjei^tly op.ea'gerly'j tiitterly or acri- 
 
 '■ -inonioiifiy'. ■ .;. .. ., .. 
 
 KE'ENNESS,S: tfieijua^ity of being flwrp 
 or cutting eafily, rigourof weatherorpicrcing 
 cold; acrimony; bitternefs of'mind ; eager- 
 nefs or vehemence.-' ■ ••• • 
 
 To KEEP, V. A. [pmer and part, paff 
 hpt -y cejj/. an, S.3iK.] to retain ; to preferve ; 
 to have in cuflody, or in one's pofTelTion ; 
 to pradife or accullom one's felf to. " / keep 
 *' bad hours." Pope. To celebrate, applied 
 to feftivals. To obferve, without violation, 
 applied to promifes, contra(f^s, or laws. To 
 maintain at one's own expence ; to have in 
 the houfs. " Keep lodgers." ."^/^ak. To re- 
 main in any (late. " To keep his bed." Shak. 
 Ufed with /.aek, to reftrain from doing an 
 adlon. " Keep hack thy fervant from pre- 
 " fiimptuous (in." PjaL xix. To referve. 
 Joined to luithy to be often with a perfon as 
 a lover or fuitor, •' Keeping company luhh 
 f' men." Broome. To keep in, to conce:d ; to 
 forbear telling, applied to fecrets. To de- 
 fend from. •' Keep out the weather." Prior. 
 " Keeps out hunger." Dryd. Ufed with pace, 
 t-o walk as faft as another. " Kept pace with 
 " him." To keep under, to fuppreis j to fiib- 
 due : tyrannize over, or hold in a (late of 
 bafe fubjeiflion. 
 
 KEEP, S. cuflody, or charge, " 'Within 
 *' \v\\okkecp the captive knights were laid." 
 Dryd. Not in ufe. 
 
 KE'EPER, S. one who has prifoners com- 
 piitttd to his cullody ; one who holds any 
 
 froih 
 
 N. thii ty-lixfrom Ryein Suilex to themourh 
 of the T hames, containing in all 1,248,000 
 acres. In it are two cities, Canterbury and 
 Rochefter ; 163 vicarages, 40S pari.lies, 30 
 conliderable towns, 11 So villages, and about 
 220, oco inhabitants. This county is com- 
 monly divided into three parts, which have 
 different qualities both of air and foil ; the 
 upper or t. part, towards the Downs and the 
 i hames, where is proverbially faid to be 
 health without wealth ; the middle parts, and 
 tho.fe near London, are both healtiiy and 
 wealthy; and the lower parrs, as about 
 Romney-mar(h, called the Weald of Kent, 
 where is wealth without healtji, on account 
 of the wet foil, though very fruitful in grafs. 
 As the county lies much upon the fea, the 
 air, though generally thick and fogg}', is 
 pretty warm, and often fanned and purified 
 by S. and S W. winds. The marfhy tra(fts, 
 though fubjed to agues, are more healthy 
 than thehundrcdsof EHex, and the beach is 
 not io oozy as it is in that county. The 
 country in general abound; with planta- 
 tions of hops (thefe efpccially in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Canterbury) corn-fields, palture 
 grounds, woods of oak, beech, and chefnut ; 
 with large orchards of fine cherries (by way 
 of didindtion and eminence caikii Ktntifli) 
 alfo pippins : and about Boxley, Foots-cray, 
 North-cray, &c. are fcveral woods of birch, 
 
 from
 
 KEY 
 
 from wliich thebroom-makeisin Kent-ftreet, 
 Soiiihwarlc, are commonly fupplied. The 
 cafie here of all forts are reckoned larger 
 than they are in the adjacent counties ; and 
 the Weald of Kent is noted for its large bul- 
 locks, as well as large timber for fhip-bui!d- 
 ing. Here are federal parks of fallow deer, 
 and warrens of greyifh rabbits; alfo mines 
 of iron, pits of marie and chalk, with woad 
 and madder for dying, lik<?\vife wool, flax, 
 faint-foyn ; and on the cliffs between Falk- 
 ftone and Dover is plenty of famphire. 
 
 KtiPT, preter and part. pafT. of kee[^. 
 KERF, S. [kecrfan, Sax j the flit fawn 
 away Ixrtween two pieces of ftiiff. 
 
 Ki'JRiN'EL, S. [cyrnd, Sax. cerneau, Fr.] 
 that part of a nut which is contained in the 
 fhell ; any thing iwcluded in a hufk or fkin. 
 " \hc kernel oi a grape." Den. 'The feeds 
 in pulpy fruit ; the central part of any thing 
 which is covered with a crult, hard fu!)(tuncc, 
 or v.ith a concretion. " i he/JdJv.-f/ of a done." 
 u4yiutb. Hard knobs formed in the flefli ; 
 the glands of the throat. 
 
 Id KE'RNEL,- V. N. to ripen or grow 
 to kernels. 
 
 KE'RNELLY, Adj. full of kernels ; re- 
 iemhling kernels. 
 
 KER'NELWORTH, S. an herb. 
 
 KE'RSEY, S. [kerjaye, Belg. carijee, Fr.] 
 a coarfe wollen manufafture between a ftufl" 
 and a cloth. 
 
 KE'STREL, S. [^qverc.lUi or cerceau, Fr.] 
 a little kind of ballard hawk. 
 
 KtTCH, S. [caifje, Ft. cakhh, Ital] a 
 fmall vtllel iifed to bring fidi to market, or 
 as a tender to larger fhips. It has two marts, 
 its main fail and top-fail ftanding fqujte as 
 Ihips do, and its fore-fail and jib like thofe of 
 hoys. 
 
 KETTLE, S. [eete, SaK. hettel, Belg.] a 
 vefiel in which litjuor and meat is boiled. The 
 name of a po: is given to the boiler that bel- 
 lies out in the middle, and ^rows narrow to- 
 wards the top, but that of ken/-:, to the velTel 
 whofe fides are ilrait from the bottom, or 
 grow wider towards the top : authors how- 
 ever, ufe thefe words proraifcuoufly. A tea- 
 ketrk, is a veilcl in which water is boiled for 
 making tea. 
 
 KE'TTLEDRUM, S. [ofien.'e and Jnm]. 
 a drum, whofe body is brafs, and refcmbles 
 the (hape of a kettle. 
 
 KEY, S. [cifg. Sax.] a little iron inftru- 
 mcnt formed with holes anfwering to the 
 wards of a leek, by which the belt is pulhed 
 forward or backward; an inllrument by 
 which any thing is fcrewed, turned, finit, or 
 opened. " The icy of tjic jack. ' Hivlft. 
 Figuratively, an explanation of any thing ob- 
 fcvirc, myfterious, or diiTicult. T he parts of 
 a mufical inflrument, p.nrticulaily of a fpinet, 
 which are ftruck by tlie fingers. In Mulic, 
 a cc!t.^in fundamental note ort'-ne, to which 
 tl.c v.l.ulc piece is accommodatedj wich which 
 
 K I L 
 
 it ufually begins and muft always end. In 
 Architecflure, the laft rtone placed at the top 
 of an arch. In Commerce, a bank raifed 
 perpendicular from the \vater, or a wharf 
 made ufe of for (hipping and unloading goods; 
 from kaye, Belg. quai, Fr. See S^uui. 
 
 KE'YAGE, S money raid fi iyng, or 
 loading and unloading j^. -ods at a key. 
 
 KE'fSTONE, the middle or upper 
 llone of an aich. See Key. • .• . 
 
 KTBE, S. \kihive, Brit, kii-b. TetU.-] a 
 chilblain, or chap in the heels, caufe'd by cold.- 
 KI'BED, Adj. troubled with kibes, or 
 chilblains 
 
 lo KICK, V. A. [kauchen, Belg.] to 
 (Irike with the foot. 
 
 KICK, S a blow given wih the foot. 
 KI'CKER, S. one who flrikes with the 
 foot. 
 
 KI'CKSHAW, S. [fuppofed to be corrupt- 
 ed from qiiclque chofe. Fr ] fomething con- 
 temptuous, fiiitafHcal, or ridiculous ; a dilh 
 fo changed by cookery that it can fcarcely be 
 known. The latt fenfe is that which is now 
 in ufe. 
 
 KI'CKSEY-WICKSEY, S. a cant ormadi 
 word, applied m ridicule and contempt to a 
 wife. " Hugs his i/V/yfy-'K.'/fijV)'." Sbak. 
 
 KID, S. [W, Dan. J tlie young of a goat. 
 Figuratively, applied to a yomig child. 
 
 f o KIO, V. A. to brbg forth kids, ap- 
 plied to a fhe-goat. 
 
 KI'DDER, S. aningrofler of corn. 
 To KI'DNAP, V. A. to fteal children. 
 KI'DNAPPER, S. one who fteals chil- 
 dren, or human beings 
 
 KI'DNEY, S. [the etymology unknown] 
 a part of an animal ferving to feparate the 
 urine from the blood : they are two in nuru- 
 bcr, one on each f:de, of the figure of kidney 
 beans, the right one being fituated under the 
 liver, and the teft under the fpleen. Figura- 
 tively, r^ce or ^;nd, in ludicrous language. 
 
 Kl'DNEY-BEAN, S. [fo named from ifs 
 refcmbling a kidney in its Ihape] in Botany, 
 the phajeolus, which name it derives from its 
 hufks refcmbling a long narrow vellel or (hip, 
 called in Greek <f>a<r>iA.c?. Linnaeus places it 
 in the third feiftion of his feventeenth clafe. 
 The fpecies are fix. 
 KT'DNEYVETCH.orKIDNEYWORT, 
 
 S. plants. 
 
 KI'LDERKIN, S. [kindih'w, or kinnekin, 
 Belg.] a fmall barrel ; a liquid meafure, con- 
 taining two firkins, or eighteen gallons, beer 
 meafure ; and fixieen ale meafure. Two 
 kilderkins make a barrel ; and four an hogf- 
 head. 
 
 To KILL, V. A. [forr.ierly written (fuell, 
 from rivcllan. Sax.] to murder or deprive of 
 life. Figuratively, to deprive of the power 
 of growing. 
 
 KILLER, S. one who deprives of life, or 
 puts to death. 
 
 KILN, S. [cylr.e, Sax.] a (love or furnace 
 ' contrived
 
 K I N 
 
 contrived for admitting heat, anci drying or' 
 burning fuch thinos as are contained in it. 
 To KI'LN-DRY, V. A. to dry in a kiln. 
 Kl'MP.O, Adj. [alfchumbo, \u\.] crooked; 
 bent ; with the arms bent, and fticking out 
 Uom the Tides. 
 
 KIN, S. [kun, Goth. c_y«w, Sax,] of the 
 fame family, relation 5 of the fame race, t'fed 
 as a termination to exprefs fomething dimi- 
 nutive, thus manmkin, a little man, mlnnikin, 
 a very fmall pin. 
 
 KIND, Adj. [cyn. Sax.] behaving with 
 civility to others ; benevolent, or filled with 
 * -general good will. 
 
 ■ ■. KlNw', S. \ryne. Sax. hinds , Goth.] race; or 
 J'*<rlafs containing feveral fpecies; the pariicu- 
 •■'"•lar nature of a thing; the natural ftate of a 
 thing. " Levied in /t/H(/ upon corn." Arlutl. 
 Nature, or particular manner ; fort, ufed with 
 , in, implying by way of. " In a k'md of 
 -' ,*' fcom." / ac. 
 
 1; . To KI'NDLE, V. A. \cinnu, Rrit. cynde- 
 
 ' ^jati. Sax,] to feton rire; to light or make to 
 
 '. :.l)urn. Fii^uratively, to excite, inflame, or 
 
 ; cxafpevaie ; to catch fire. To bring forth, 
 
 ■ app led to ribbits, iifc. 
 
 KI'NDLER, S. one that lights or fets fire 
 to. Figuratively, one that inflames or excites 
 difturbances. 
 
 Kl'NDLY, Adv. in a civil, good-natured 
 manner. 
 
 Kl'NDLY, Adj rfrom the fubftantive] of 
 the fame nature; homogeneal; fuiting or 
 agreeing with. " Kindly, treat." Fi3r. Loji. 
 Infinuating ; mild. 
 
 KI'NDNESS, S. civil bi'hiviour; favour- 
 able treatment, or a conltant and haMtiial 
 praiftice of friendly offices and beuevoiem 
 anions. 
 
 KI'NDRED, S. ("from kin, orcym-eu, Sax,] 
 relation by birth or marriage. 
 
 KI'NDKED, Adj. native; congenial; 
 agreeing to the nature of a perfon or thing. 
 KINE, S. the plural of Cow. 
 KING, S. \cyng, cyning, cynig. Sax.] a 
 perfon who rules fingly over a people. In 
 England, the king has power of making 
 peace and war, und calHng, continuing, pro- 
 roguing, anil diflolving of parliament.s, of en- 
 forcing old laws, determining rewards and 
 punilhments, pardoning olfenders, laying em- 
 bargoes on Ihipping, and of opening and Ihut- 
 ting fca-porcs. He is the fountain of honour, 
 and has the fole power of conferring dignities 
 and titles of honour, as creating dukes, earls, 
 barons, &c. In Gaming, a card with the 
 pi<f^ure of a king, in whift next to an ace. 
 The four kings are, David, Alexander, Ca:far, 
 and Char!e5, whofe names are flill piinted on 
 the French cards, and are fuppofed to repre- 
 fcnt tlief )ur mon.irchies of the Jews, Greeks, 
 Romans, and that ot the Franks under Char- 
 lemagne. King at arms, is a principal officer 
 a: arms^ that has pre-eminence of the focicty 
 
 K I T 
 
 of heralds : of thefe there are three, named 
 Garter, Norroy, and Clarencieux. 
 
 To KING, V. A. to rule as a king ; to 
 raife to the dignity of a king. 
 
 KING-CRAFf, S. the adf or fkiU of 
 governing. 
 
 Kl'NGDOM, S. [cynidem, Sax.] the do- 
 minion or territories fubjed to a king. A- 
 mong Naturalifls, a clafs or order of things 
 or beings. Figuratively, a traft or region. 
 " The watery kingdom." Shak. 
 
 KI'NGFISHER, S. a bird frequenting 
 waters, and feeding on fifhes. * 
 
 KI'NGHKF, or Kl'NGLY, Adj. royal; 
 belonging or fuitable to a king. 
 
 Kl'NGLY, Adv. with an air of majerty, 
 
 KI'NGS-EVIL,S.afcrophuloLisdiaemper, 
 in which the glands are ulcerated : it derives 
 its name from a vulgar opinion that it may be 
 cured by the touch of a king or crowned head 
 
 KFNGSHiP, S. royalty, or the ftate, of- 
 fice, and dignity of a king. 
 
 KFN>FOLK, S. [from kin zni folk] re- 
 lations, or thofe that are of the fame family* 
 
 KFNSMAN, S. a man who is related to^ 
 or of the fame family with another. 
 
 Kl'NSWOMAN, S. a woman of the fame 
 family with another. 
 
 KIRK, S. \cyra, Sax.] a church : obfolete 
 in England, but ifill retained in Scotland. 
 
 KI'RTLE, S. [cyrul, Sax kirtel, Dan.] an 
 upper garment or gown. " What ftufl^wik 
 " thou have the kirtle of?" Shak. Not in ufe. 
 
 To KISS, V. A. [cyffar:. Sax.] to touch 
 with the lips. Figuratively, tu treat with 
 fondnefs; to touch gently, or in a loving 
 manner. " The fweet wind did gently k'^s 
 " the trees." Sbak. 
 
 KISS, S. a falute given by joining the lips. 
 
 KI'SSP:R, S. one that killes. 
 
 KI'SSINGCRUST, S. the thin, tender 
 cruft of bread, formed when one loaf touches 
 another m the oven. 
 
 KIT, S. \kitte, Belg ] a large bottle; a fm»ll 
 fiddle ; a fmall wooden veflel, in which New- 
 caftle falmon are fent to town. 
 
 KI'TCHEN, S. [ktgin, Brit, cwfne, Fr.] 
 the room in a houfe where the provifions are 
 drefled or cooked. 
 
 KI'TCHEN- GARDEN,S.a gardenwhere- 
 in fallads, roots, herbs, cabbages, and other 
 efculent plants are produced. 
 
 KI' i CHEN-MAID, S. a cook, or maid 
 who does the bufmefs of the kitchen. 
 
 KF ; CHEN-STUFF, S. the fat fcummed 
 off the pot, or collected from the dripping- 
 pan. 
 
 KFTCHEN- WENCH. S. a fcullion or 
 maid employed to clean the veffels or inftru- 
 ments ufed in cookery. 
 
 Kl' TCHEN-WORK, S. cookery, or work 
 done in a kitchen. 
 
 KITE, S. [cyta, Sax.] a bird of prey, 
 
 that infefts farms, and Heals chickens. Figu- 
 
 4 rativcly.
 
 
 
 •^W 
 
 • K N E 
 
 ratively, a petfqn pi a retn&rkaVle alii3 n<;(tq- 
 
 rious rapacity. ■ A play-thing ina<Jepf.pa£eV, 
 
 and raiCed into the siir by means bf.a'.l»»^. 
 
 Ibiing, and rurlning againft the\Yi'id.;.-^^-_'!;;. 
 
 KI'TESFOOT, S. a plant. ' ■ '\: .;■ / 
 
 Kr'TTEN, S. [/■<3/.v/5eff,Di;|g.]aybungxat.' 
 
 To KIT TEN, V. A', to bring-forth ydorig 
 
 Cats. . ' ■' ' ■ ■ : . • ' ' ■■ ■' 
 
 To KLICK, V. N. [from chct] to'mike 
 * fliarp nnife, like the links of an iron chain 
 beatins againft each other. 
 
 To'KNAB, V. A. [kttc'ppen, Belg. ifiaap, 
 F.rfe] to take a fhort bite ; to bite fomething 
 brittle that makes a npifc between the te«th. 
 •' Kricii^bin^^ cru(t-S-"X"'£/?r,;w^c. 
 
 KNACK, S. ff«f/Crit.] a toy or bauble, 
 which difcovers (kill or contrivance ; a rcadi- 
 nefs; a peculiar flight, or habitual dexterity 
 ia doing any thing ; a nice trick. >- 
 
 To KNACK, V. N. to make a..O>aVf. 
 fhrill noife, like that of a flick wheii break- 
 ing. ' ' • .■ , " ' 
 "knap, S. U^'^h '^rxtcn/tp, Sax.}an Emi- 
 nence ; a fweilino rrotnberan'ce. '" Upon a 
 ♦' kn<Jp of ground." Bac. 
 
 To KNAP, V. A. {hKipprp, Belg] to bite 
 or break fliort; to flrike fo as to make a (harp 
 iioife like that of breaking. " Knap a pair of 
 " tongs," Bac. To make u fhort noife by a 
 fudden tlafli or breaking. 
 
 To KNA'PLE, V. A. to break off with 
 •« fliort, fharp noife. 
 
 KNA'PSACK, S, the bag which a foldier 
 carries at his back ; abag of provifions. 
 KNA'PWEED, S. a plant. . : ■ 
 
 KNARE, S. [knor, Tcm.] a hard knot. 
 «f Wood with knots and knam deformed." 
 Dr\d. ■ ■ 
 
 KNAVE, S. \cKafe,cnapa,%s.^.knah,Te\\\..\ 
 a boy, or fervant, and in the latter- fenfe, in 
 an old tranflation of the Tenamefit, in Lau- 
 derdale's library, we read " Paul the krra-ve of 
 *' Chri(^." At prefent it'isufed in abadfenfe, 
 to fignify a fly, artful, or difhonefl fellow.- J[n, 
 Gaming, it is applied to a card, having a 
 foldier painted on it. - , . 
 
 KNA'VERY, S. difhoncdy; tricks ; low 
 cunning ; any thing which is put to an ill 
 ufc. " Bracelets, beads, and all this kndver.y." 
 Shak. ■ ■ ' 
 
 KNA'VI^lH, Adj. difhonefl ; trckmg ; 
 waggifh ; mifchievous. . ■ 
 
 KNA'Vr-'HLY, Adj in a fly, cunning, 
 and difhonefl manner. 
 
 To KNEAD, V. A. [ir.irdan. Sax. hicdcn, 
 Eelg.] to beat or mingle any Aibflancc. Scl- 
 dorn applied to any thing but the manner of 
 making dough fit for baking, by often rolling 
 it in different forms, and prelTing it with the 
 knuckles. 
 
 KNEA'DING-TROUGH, S. a trough in 
 
 •which the paflc of bread is worked together. 
 
 KNEE, S. [Dan. cnecrv. Sax. krr, Belg.] 
 
 the joint of the leg whcrby it is united to the 
 
 tkigh. 
 
 K N I 
 
 ■.To knee; V.;A. to place the.lfi^c^Jnipoa.J-Vfi 
 
 p cntreaf 'kneeling, ... ^'.'J.- ■»'•■•,;»,*-'; 
 
 ' KNEEp,-A<ij,.ii\ving,.kaee5, Iii-^potafij; "> •. V 
 TiaVmg joints.'" 'kii'uJ^.si^i^' . .'-. •' -J' "^-./i-^ 
 . . KNEE^DEEP;^'4i.;*ifijf»3'to the faee&'i.^*' 
 I'unk. to tlie knees.' " ' ".,.•','■ •''■'■■'..•*. ••• .'• i""V 
 KrNEETAN^S. a lihleVo^tnct-VonoafcoupP--'^^ 
 two inclirt bi-oad, convex on botlj fideSjpin^.. *^ 
 fovert^cl.'with afmooihc^irtilage 6n]tsf'oi^de,' '••''• 
 ivhicb ftrves as a pully to the-.teiidofj j.f thv; 
 
 mufcles -that extend the le<». ' •.■•'• •• '.' 
 
 ■ To KNEEL, V. N. '[fc5p>,.W/rrfe»v,v;'^ 
 Belg.] to bend theknec-; toiqucK tht.grqui^i.'. •' 
 with the knee, as a. .figrt of ;fuf))e€li^Ji_ aft4 •^, 
 fupplication. ' • '. ' ".-.'.' . '.•..' '•• ,i» 
 
 KN«E-TRIBUTE; .S'.. vl'orfivp'" or 'fi<^<^,**« 
 mage fhewn hy kneglm^/- f! KiJct-ulliiit/'yei •:' 
 "Uroaid." Milt. • ■ .^ -' . * .• . .*. . •, 
 
 KNELL, S. [fBj/s ^rk'.. ^liv//,' Sapr..^ tfie"-^* ' 
 fcpnd of a bell rung a'tabjirial qt'.funei'jiljL', ^* 
 
 ■ KNEW, the pretei'of /Jno-zu. •■•■:" " "-.'V 
 ■KNIFE, S. fplur^;.*;;.-:i?rj, -it. bein'ra '^f. ;-.''. ^ 
 ncral rule that nouris endiaj?1ny.^'/?ia.rhi*.- ., • 
 lingular, make the plirral.bv- cjiangiflg fim' • , 
 fe' into -Lvj^, i!:if,. Sa?r,.J an inf^riiment conj< '• 
 lifting of a fleel blade with arl edge, on on»'.ir.« 
 fide, and lometimcs uitli a fbarp point, lifcd' , 
 particularly in cutting meat and kilUn.g'.-anio ; • ] 
 mals. . ,>;'■•. ^ • ■ ' * •, 
 
 KNIGHT, S. [cnh:', Sax,] a perf.Mi advart- , ■•.", 
 ccd to the degree of military rank, w-hich took'' ^ 
 its Origin from the cuftoni of tlieancient Ge'c- • 'j 
 4nans, wlio ulcd to pre/ent.their youth witi».4./' *" 
 fhield and javelin in a public aflembly, as foon; • ■.' 
 as they \.:re capable of bearing arms : with- 
 out having pafied this ceremony, they thought 
 ^they could notlaiv fully go to war, and on that 
 aecqunt William Rufus was made a foKiier iti ^ J 
 form, by Lanfrac archbifhop of Canterbury..' . ^ 
 Tli0 title was at firft conferred by parents,, "vj 
 ,then by piiefls, mofl commonly by the arch- ; "' j 
 bifhop, and at prefent liy the king. ", A 
 
 KNIGHT-ERRANTRY, S. the prartlce..' 3 
 of wandering about in quefl: of needlefs en- ;.'\ 
 counters. • • 'j 
 
 •• KNIGHT OF THE POST, S. an hire-'' • 
 ling evidence, or one'tltat will fwearanything 
 if paid for it, 
 
 KNTGHT OF THE SHIRE, S. a repre- 
 fentative of a countv in parliament. 
 
 To KNIGHT, V. A. to create a pcrfon a 
 knight. 
 
 KNl'GHTHOOD, S. [from kvlght and 
 hood] the rank or dignity of a knight. 
 
 To KNIT, V. A. [prefer but, or hnuted ; 
 cnvtar. Sax.] to forni any texture or manu- 
 fartures on wire; or needles, without a loom, 
 Figuratiwlv. to interweave. To tie, applied to 
 knots. To join orunite two perfons together, 
 applied to matrimony. To join together \n 
 friendOiip. To contract 'n wrinkles, applied to 
 the forehead or eye-brows. To join cl-^fe or 
 unif. " Our fevered navy--have kr.it again." 
 
 KNIT,
 
 
 .1 ^•. 
 
 '•*.'0 lyffiT, S.-the,'t^i:ture,ide^rp?; cr.fjn'er^ers '.hftTecarhal knowledge of a fwfon ox^'another 
 
 '• i' tef nili' rViinre frvrBT^i+.Jii/i ITnirrirt//- .■■ 
 
 •**♦ P^>tvilieranpe';;«ny paft^-iirqgbjujifly iitovel 
 './ V'.'thVfitvfa'cebt;.;*' tiling. - '•. -_. • . . •". ■. .- 
 , •}/■'. I^Np'P'&^P^'.AdJ.'.iit'wIfliiin.oUsorrpro- 
 •? •*)fl6bi<anci;§v" .' :--'^. ■-~^-C'': •' . . 
 
 < ... . K.lirO'Bl.NESS, S. the"-qiTaK'ty'of llaV.mg■ 
 ,'>•'.■■^fcn()bs■Df protuberances. .- ■ ■■/' t - ._ ^•. 
 
 .';'{. •^•KNO'Sey, Adj. full ofk;nhbs. 'Eigura- ..,.-,.^ 
 ,* .tivelj'.'liard, of (luhborrTj allwding to' wood, [From-^?; 
 
 •<f'*Whidi is hot eafily fcen.t, ^''^ti Yull-of'kiiots.. or difagi 
 
 • ^ ;•. .To' Knock, v.'N-i'.fcwcw/'-.'.SaxifWJ/fi-,- -^i"*".-- ■ 
 
 ^;' ■ SrFt.] to.chfh ; to be driv(?n ferdblyipge'tRer' ;' 
 ''•;.;to beat .at a door for ailiiiutance.-. "^'o knock 
 \;tirdeKjto fubmit, or pay fubri-ilffion,. 'To knock 
 ^'.'.Moivrf, to'fclt, or make a.perfonf«ll".by a vTo-' 
 r '.^ l?nt"l»!ow.. Yj} kmck'ofi the l^ead, to kill or 
 '*'''^ defl^ifoy by a blou''. '*' fixcels, kmcki a rnaa 
 ' ■ i^'on th'e kcad^''^ ^''^?' ■'-"'' :.' :' • ,' 
 *■ , >NPCK/'S; arud<Vnvftto%^'"bl<5wV'a 
 •\Toiid flroTLeTnade at (he door fofentranci^. 
 : _ ... KNOCK'ER., S. one whomalces a noife :it 
 .._ adeor to gain eptranet^ thehairimer hanging 
 '. at a doopfor perftnts to ftn'ke with 19 gain ad- 
 y •■njiffion. • '. •;'.' i.-.' 
 
 >-.' • To KNOLL/.V;- A.-tfrQin-^T/f^J to ring a 
 
 •.* . bell for a burial. .•••••' '. " ' " ' •- 
 : •' KNOP, S. [a corruption of knap] any tufty 
 
 ■ •'top. /linj'ivonh. ■ ^/ ■_,' ■ 
 
 ■"• ■ KNOT, S. [fvir/^jiSax. /l«5f,.Teut. /^w/rf, 
 
 ' ■ Bclg. /(■Ko.'ff, Erfe] a'Aringor cold formed in a 
 
 hard knob by frequent interfeftions not. eafrly 
 
 .' to be difintargled. Fig-urativcly, any figure 
 
 formed of lines frequently interfering, each 
 
 other; any bond of union or aflociation; a 
 
 difficulty or intricacy not eufily refjlved ; an 
 
 intrigde, or difficult perplexity ; a cluder,. or 
 
 eolleftion. In Drefs, a ribbon worn byway 
 
 of ornament on the head of a woman; A 
 
 liard part of wood caufed by the growing of 
 
 a bough in that part. 
 
 To KNOT, V, A. to tie threads or cords 
 in fuch a manner as to make an hard knob 
 not eafily untangled j to entangle or perplex ; 
 to unite. 
 
 KNO'TTED, Adj. full of knots. 
 KNO'TTINESS, S. thequality ofabound- 
 iog in knots j an intricacy or difficulty not 
 eafily folvcd. 
 
 _ KNO'TTV, Adj. full of knots, applied 
 either to threads or trees, hard, intricate, per- 
 plexed, difficult. 
 
 To KNOW, V. A. fpretcr. I kve^v, or 
 hare knoiun ; part. pafT. kr.otun \ cvajvn. 
 Sax, y\a.M, Gr.] to perceive with certainty ; 
 to. be acQuaintcd with.; to converfe with, or 
 
 fex- y.'to-be free from igjioranec. 
 ■, : KNa VFAKLE, Adj. . pofrible to be difco- 
 Veferfor underlt'bbd.' ., , ; . 
 ;.l''KNO'WEi^, S..-qrvV tli'at'jiis knowledge 
 of:(kil.h " A j«;.';'5ffr*di"!mankind." Sou- 
 thern. ..■•'•' •• ■ ". • '• '■ 
 
 • KNQ'WINGj.A^j.-^fl^lfu! V well inRruc- 
 ted, of extenfive knowledgiJ or experitncc j 
 free ffoiji ignorance \ qoiTfcfdus j intelligent. 
 •".A;*77p7!';«n-prndent CdM^t.''^- ,Blackn:r,e. 
 
 : KMCi' WIN G, S. 'kipw ledge, experience^, 
 or undcrllandin'g, ";A man pf'your.tow/w^.'" 
 
 .Shake' f^i^lr. :■.'"' "■ •'.'■• -■ . •• • ■.• ■' 
 
 'KNb;\nNGLt;''Adv. ddiberatdy-; ' wil- 
 PjU^ ; ■witiibut bejng ignorant, 
 ... RNO'WLEDGE, or.RNO'WLEGE, S, 
 ['From;^?;.<;:2li j the perception of the agreement'- • *■" 
 of^ .difagreement of our ideas, without any- .'-• ■ 
 mixture of doubt or imccftainty 5 learning, 
 orimpfovniient of our faculties by reading; 
 experience, or the acquiring- hew ideas 05, .■.-•■■ 
 trutJ^s' by feeing a yari«y:.of objeds, andls'-''- '. 
 niTiking obferviition upon theni in our own .: 
 minds. ;' acq uaintauce with any perfon or fad> 
 
 KNUCKLE, S. [cijucle. Sax. 7:occ,j, ltz{.\ ' 
 the jointJ of the fingers- whioh (lick out when 
 the hand i,<- fliut. The knee joint'of acalf^' ' 
 applied la cookery. The 'articulation or joints 
 of a plant, in botany.- ' <' Divers herbs have 
 " joints or >Kofy^/«." Bac. 
 
 To KNUCKLE, V. A. to put the knuckles 
 clofe to the giound. Figuratively, to fub- 
 mit. . ■ . 
 
 KNU'CKLED,. Adj.- jointed, applied to 
 plants. , ■ , , : ■'■'■ ...•-' . ■ 
 
 KYN, Brk. . in' compound'. Words fignifics 
 an increafe, or the firft or chief ; hence iyn- 
 kan is extraordinary white ; in Englilh it is 
 changed into ircn; hence, fowioy, from ,^yff 
 chief and^jiw, ©r luy, a river fignifies the 
 chief riv<er. -.. 
 
 L. 
 
 s- 
 
 A femi--vpwcr, oi'liqiild Confpnanr, 
 the eleventh Ifettcr of the Englifh al- 
 
 7 phabet. In the Saxon it was afpi- 
 
 ratcd as in Llaf, .Sax. a loaf, as it is at prc- 
 feat by the Spniards, and by the Cambro- 
 Britons, in Han, a temple. The figure of 
 the capital L we borrow from the Saxons, 
 which is the fame as that of the Romans, 
 who Irkewifc feeni to have taket} theirs from 
 the A of the Greek, with o/.e of its fides 
 placed upon the line thus <, and if wc at- 
 tend to the form of the Hebrew '7 we may, 
 without the leaft improbability, fay, that the 
 Greek A fecms borrowed from it, only by 
 cut'.ing off" its tail, or the flroke below the 
 line. It is pronounced by putting the tongue: 
 to the palate, and breathing from the tliroat. 
 At the end of a monofyllable it is always 
 doubled, as in fall, kill, &c. but at the end
 
 LAB 
 
 of a worJ of two or more fyllables it is writ- 
 ten fingU', as in doubtful, as it likewife is 
 ■when it occurs in the middle of eompiound 
 ■words ; tor though we write /kill and full, 
 vhen they are alone, with a double //, yet, 
 when they a e compounded, we leave out an 
 /in each. i% \n JkUful. When it comes be- 
 fore e at the end of a word, it is pronounced 
 as if the e came before it, as in hible. As a 
 Dumera', it (bands for 50, and when a line is 
 
 drawn over it thus L for 50,000. 
 
 LA, Interject, look; behold ; fee; '• La ! 
 *' you." Shak. 
 
 LA'BLK, S. [labellum, Lat.] a fmall or 
 norrow flip, fcrip, or fcro! I of writing. In 
 Law, a narrow flip of paper or parchment 
 affixed to a deed or writing, in order to hold 
 the fcal which is faftened to it; likewife any 
 paper added by way of explanation or addi- 
 tion to a will, called either label or cod'tcii. 
 In Heraldry, an addition to the arms of a 
 younger brotJier, to didinguifti him from the 
 cldefi 
 
 LA'BIAL, Adv. [lab'alh, Lat.] exprcfTed 
 by the lips, applied to letters. 
 
 LABIATED, Adj. [laLium, Lat. a lip] 
 formed with or having lips. In Botany, ap- 
 plied to irregular, monopetalons flowers di- 
 vided into lii's, the upper of which is called 
 the creft, the under, the beard. 
 
 LA'BIODENTAL, Adj. [from /^3ww,Lat. 
 and dens, L-it.l in Grammar, formed or pro- 
 nounced by the co operation of the lips and 
 teeth, as theyand 1/. 
 
 LA'BORATORY, S. [IMreto'ire, Fr.] 
 the pLcc where a chemift performs his opera- 
 tions In an Hofpital, a phce vxhere che- 
 mical medicine.s are made. In a Camp, the 
 tent where the engineers or fireworkers pre- 
 pare their works. 
 
 LABO'RiOUS, Adj. \khork:'x,Tr. lab-.- 
 riofus, Lat ] dilligent, c-fTuluoiis, and irldefa- 
 ligable ; tirefome ; fatiguing. 
 
 LABORIOUSLY, Adv. with labour, toil, 
 or fatiouc. 
 
 LAF.O'RIOUSNESS, 5- the quality of re- 
 cuiring great labour, or cau'fing tatigue j de- 
 ligencc ; afliduity. 
 
 LA'BOUR, S. \bbcur, Fr. labor, Lat.] 
 the att of pcrtorming fomeJiing which 
 requires an exertion of Ilrcngth, or tire- 
 fome perfevcrance ; pains ; toil ; work ; ex- 
 ercifc ; travail, or the fiate of pain and an- 
 guilh a woman is in previous to her being de- 
 livered of a child. 
 
 To LA'BOUR, V. N. [lalcro, Lat.] to 
 toil, to excit (hcngth in the performance oF 
 anv thing; to do work, or take pains. Figu- 
 ratively, to move with difticulty. " The Hone 
 " that Li'cours up the hill." Gr. r-vile. To 
 be opjTciTcd. " Frees the UFilnt, fkies." 
 Dryd. 1 o b« in a ftate of pain and agonj' 
 prcviois to childbirth; to profecute with 
 great pains. " '1 o labour the point under 
 " ihcft dlfaJ vantages." Fo^e, 
 
 LAC 
 
 L.VBOURER, S. one who is employed in 
 coarfe and toilfonie work j the peifon who 
 Carries mortar, brick, (s^c. to builders ; one 
 who exerts much Ilrength. 
 
 LA'BOURSOME, Adj. done wfth gitatT 
 exertion of (trem^th and diligence. , . ■■- • 
 LA'BYRINTH, S. [iabyrwthut,JjA.'] a 
 winding, mazy, and intricate walk' in a gar- 
 den, formed with fingle or double hedges, fb 
 as to render it polTible for a perfon to lofc 
 himfelf in it. In Anatomy, the fccond ca- 
 vity of the internal ear, formed out of <he os 
 petrofum, and fo called from itsfeveraJ'wind- 
 ings, -^ ■ :.^ .^• 
 
 LAC, S. [lacca, Lat. litque, Fr.^ a liarJ, • 
 red, brittle, tranfparent fubftance, partaking. ' ■ 
 a middle nature between that of a gum and a ; • 
 rcfui, fuppofed to be the comb of an.inftft ' 
 reicmliling an ant : it is brought from Mala- .• 
 bar, Bengal, and Pegu, and ufed in dying fear- 
 let, in painting, ill making fealing wax, Gfc ' '. 
 LACE, S. [iucet, Fr. L^ucu;, Lat.] a ftring • 
 or cord ; afnareorgin ; a plated (tring with "'' 
 which women faflen their ftays or bodices ; '■_ 
 a ueb of thread, or gold, and filver, curioufly • 
 woven, and ufed as ornaments in drefs. »'•'■ 
 
 To LACE, V. A. to faften with a plauei " < 
 firing running through eilet holes; to adorn 
 ui'h gold, filver, or thread webs curioufly 
 wrought. Figuratively, to embellilli with or- 
 nan-.ents of different colours. "What en-' 
 " vious (Ireaks-i^dc) lace the fevering clouds."- - 
 VEjirar.ic: . y - • 
 
 LACE'MAN, S. one who deals in lace. 
 LA'CERABLE, Adj. [SeeLarfr^r^Jfubjea •. 
 or liable to be torn. '= T heir thin and lacer- 
 " ij/.t" cornpofure." Hc.r-jey. \ 
 
 To LA'CERATE, V. a. \laceratut, from 
 lacc-o, Lat. j to tear, rend, or leparate by vio- . 
 lence. 
 
 LACE'RATIOX, S. the afl of tearing or 
 rending ; a brtach made by teaiing. 
 
 LA'CERATIVE, Ad], tearing ; having 
 the power of tearir.g. " Lafcsra.-k-: humor." 
 Harffv. 
 
 . L.A'CKRYMAL, Adj. [Fr.] producing or 
 containing te^rs. 
 
 LA'CHRYMARY, Adj. [lachryma, Lat.| 
 containing tears. '• Lacbrymary vtlTcls. * 
 Add}u 
 
 LACI'NIATED, Adj. llacma, Lat.] a- 
 dorRcd with fringes or borders. 
 
 To LACK, V. A. [lacken, Bclg.] to want ; 
 to iiced ; to be without ; to be deficient or 
 wanting. 
 
 LACK, S. want ; defcft ; failure ; need. 
 
 Both the verb and noun are almolt obfolete. 
 
 LA'CKBRAIN", S. one that wants under- 
 
 flanding. " 'What a lackhraln is this." 
 
 Shak. 
 
 L.VCKER, S. a kind of varrdfh, which, 
 when fprcad on a white furface, appears of a 
 golden Colo or. 
 
 LA'CKEY, S. [lacc'tai, Fr. a footboyj 
 " Grooms and iack-ci."' ikak.
 
 LAD 
 
 To LA'CKEY, V. A. to atend as a Cer- 
 Vant ; to wait upon as a footboy. " A 
 " thoufand liveried angels lackey her." MiU- 
 To wait upon in a lervile manner. " He 
 •' /i/ci^/fi by the fide of Vir;;il." Dryd. 
 
 ■LACO'NIC, Adj. [/aconicus, l^at. laconi^ue, 
 Fr.j ihort ; concile ; brief; cxprefled in few 
 words. " I grow lacank even beyond laco- 
 " nicifm." Tope.- - ' v . " 
 
 LACO'NlCISMj.S^' [See La^wV] 5_ fhort 
 or concife manner oPexprdUng one's fenti- 
 mcnts J "brevity like that of the Lacedsmo- 
 r.i.ms, " I grow laconic beyond lai^onkifm.^-' 
 Pope. . 
 
 LA'CONISM, ^..[lacQwfm, Fr. lacoriifmus, 
 
 Lit.] a' concifeftilc, ^preftlng much in a few 
 
 words. • ■. "^ 
 
 LA'CONICALLY, Adj. [from lacomc'j'in 
 
 brief or concife manner. • " . 
 
 . . LAC'TARY, Adj. [from lac, laBh, Lat.] 
 
 'fniiky j full of juice refenabling milk. " Lac- 
 
 " tary or milky plants." Bioivn. 
 
 LACTA'TION, S. [hclatus of la^o, Lat.J 
 in Medicine, the art or time of sriving fuck. 
 '■ LACTEAL-, Adj. [lac, laills, Lat.J in 
 Anatomy, conveying the chyle, a juice re- 
 ferhblihg mil^.'- " The /a^eal veins." Lode. 
 LACTEAL, S', in Anatomy, the velTel 
 that conveys the miikyjuice called the chyle 
 LACTe'OUS, Adj. \/c!.^eus, Lst.] milky. 
 " The /afleou! c'lrdi." Bh-un.L.a.ilea[; con- 
 veying the milky juice called chyle. '* The 
 " kncous veflels." Btnthy, ■ 
 
 LACTE'SCENCE, S. "{hmjcem, pf lac- 
 tefco, Lat.] tendency to tairn into a liquor 
 like milk. *' This AiiSf/fcrff .does commonly 
 enfuc." Bcy/e. 
 
 LACTE'SCEMT, Part. [/<jfff/2m,Lat.]ia 
 Botany, producing a juice like milk. *' Some 
 /aSfefcent plants." Arhtithn. 
 
 LACTl'FEROUS, Adj. [from lac, Lat. 
 and fero, Lat.] in Anatomy, that which con- 
 veys or brings milk. " La&ifcrous duift." 
 Ray. In Botany, abounding with milky juice', 
 LAD, S. \_lad. Sax.] a boy or (tripling in 
 familiar language, and paftoral poetry. 
 
 LAD'DER, S. \hladra. Sax. ladder, Belg.] 
 a frame made with two upright pieces, crofled 
 with others at proper diftances, which ferve 
 as fteps. 
 
 LADE, [from the Sax. lade, a purging or 
 dijcharging] in compofition, implies the moutn 
 of a river, by which its waters are difcharged 
 either into a great river or the fea. 
 
 To LADE, V. A. [pretcr and part, paflive 
 laded or laden ; frons Lde, Sax. a burthen, or 
 ^Wwn, Sax.] to put a burthen upon abeafl; 
 to burthen. To freight, applied to a (hip. To 
 heave out, or throw out. 
 
 L.A'DLE, S. [hladls. Sax] a vefTcI with » 
 long handle and a bowl at the end, u led to 
 t:ike liquor out of a pot, fefc The receptacles 
 of a mill into which the water falls and 
 turns if).. 
 
 LA'DY, S. [h!af.r,<r, Sax. hda, RMfTj a 
 
 LAM 
 
 woman of rank, the title belonging properly 
 to the wives of knights, and all degrees above 
 them, and to the daughters of earls ; at pre- 
 fect ufed as a ceremonious or leljjecfful cx- 
 prelllon to women that drefs tolerably. 
 
 LA'DY-BIRD, LA'DY-COW, LA'DY- ■ 
 FLY, S. a fmall round infert with winus in 
 a (heath, which is o( a reddllh colour, fpotted 
 with black. 
 
 L.VDY-LIKE, Adj. refembling a pcrfon 
 of delicate breeding and conftitution j fufc j 
 delicate. 
 
 LA'DYSHIP, S. the titleof a lady. 
 LA'DY'S-SMOCK, s. a beautiful white 
 Hower confi(Hng of four petals, called like- 
 wife cardominc. "• Lady's p.^^ocis all fiivcr 
 "white." Shak. 
 
 ■ LAG, Adj. [l^£, Sax. la£g, Swcd.] that 
 which is behind, at the latter end, or falls 
 (hort ; fluggifh ; How in motion ; la(l, or 
 long delayed. 
 
 LAG, S. the loweft clafs. " The com- 
 " mon lag of people." Sbak. He that comes 
 lafl:,or (lays behind. 
 
 To L.1G, V. N. to loiter, or move (lowly ; 
 to (lay behind', or not come i:i. 
 
 LA'GGE!<, S. a loiterer, or one who 
 moves but (lowly. 
 
 LA'ICAt., Adj. [lal^ue, Fr. laki^s, Lat. 
 from Xttof, Gr. ] belonging to the people, op- 
 pofed to the cle.'gy. 
 
 LAID, part, preter qf Lay. 
 
 L.'^.IN, part, preter of Lie. 
 
 LAIR, S. [/tf, Fr. legar, Belg] among 
 Sportfmen, a place where deer harLcur ly 
 day; the imprefilon which a bead has made 
 on the griifs or ground whereon it has laTi. 
 In Hufbandry, a place where cattie ufuilly 
 red under fomc Ihelter, and enrich the ground 
 by their dung. 
 
 LAIRD, S. [hlaford. Sax.] the lord of a 
 manor in the Scottilli dialeft. 
 
 LA'ITY, S. [.Xao;, Gr.] the people dif- 
 tinguifhed from the clergy ; the (late of a- 
 layman. 
 
 LAKE, S. [lac, Fr. lacits, Lat.] a large 
 colleftion of waters, incIo(ed in fome inland 
 places. Figuratively, a fmall plalh of water. 
 In Painting, a middle colour betwixt ultr.i- 
 marine and vermilion. 
 
 LA'MK, S. the yoimg of a flieep. In 
 Scripture, typically applied to our Lord and 
 Saviour, who is c.lled the Lamb ofC-cd. 
 
 LA'MBA FIVE, Adj. [from l<:r:l-o, Lst.] 
 to be taken by licking. " Lamhuti've medi- 
 " cines." Brown. 
 
 LA'MBSWOOL, S. a mixtureof ale and 
 roafted apples. 
 
 LA'MBENT, Adj. [/jwrZvm, Lat.] gliding 
 about ; playing about or upon without doing 
 any harm. 
 
 LAMBDO'IDAL, Adj. [from raj^BU, 
 ard Ei^o;, Gr.] having the form or ihape of 
 the Greek letter A, landd^, " The lamtJciJal 
 " future," Sharp. 
 
 ? p LAME,
 
 LAM 
 
 LAN 
 
 LAViIE, Adj. [lam, lan-a. Sax.] crippled,] LA'MPBLACK, S. a black powder nad? 
 ©rdiCibltd in tlie liniba ; walking in a liobling by holding a lamp or torch under the bottom 
 niitBoer. Figmativcly, not frnooth, or not of a b.ifon, and ilriking the fur into fome rc- 
 having its due (.juantity of feet, applied to ceptacle beneath, with a feather. 
 verfe. Inipcrtect ; unfatiifaflory. " A lame LAMPO'ON, S. a peifonal fatire, or fevere 
 " excule." S-aift. cenfurc, written purely to make a perfon un- 
 
 To LAME, V. A. [from the noun, lomaii, icufy. 
 Rufl; /(-/jwVf, Sclav, lair.atc, 13oh. lav.ac, Vq\.\\ To LAMPO'ON, V. A. to abufe with 
 to deprive of the ufe of a limb, cither by a pcrfonal faiire. 
 tlow or by accident. LAMPO'ONER, S. one who abufcs with 
 
 L.AME'Ll.ATED, Adj. \ lamella, LAi.'\co- pcrfonal fatire. 
 
 vered uith thin plates or films 
 
 LA'INIELY, Adv. like a cripple ; not be- 
 ing able to Walk without hobling; imperfeift- 
 Jy j in a dcfe(flive manner. 
 
 LA'MENESS, S. the ftatc of a perfon 
 ■who cannot make a perfecfl ufe of his legs, 
 or other limbs. Figuratively, imperftdiion ; 
 ueaknefs. 
 
 To LAME'NT, V. A. [lamcrJor, Lat. la- 
 pttKter, Fr.] to exprefs forrow for the lofs of 
 fomething ; to bemoan. 
 
 LAME'NT, S. forrow exprefTed fo as t» 
 be heard ; grief Uttered in complaints and 
 erics. " Torment, and loud lament, and fu- 
 " rious rage." Mil:. 
 
 LA'MENTABLE, Adj. [Fr. lamtntalilh, 
 Lat.] to be lamented ; cauling forrow; mourn- 
 ful; fad; expreflivc of forrow; miferable, pi- 
 tiful, or dcfpicable. "This/a;«f«/'aWe refuge." 
 StUlir-fiect. 
 
 LA'iMENTABLY, Adv. in a manner which 
 exprclics or caufes forrow j in a pitiful or dcf- 
 picable manner. 
 
 LAMENTA'TION, S. [lamentatio, Lat.] 
 cxpiefrion of forrow in fuch a manner as it 
 may be heard or feen. 
 
 LAMf.'NTER, S. one who cxprefTes for- 
 row for the lofs of any perfon or thing in 
 fucii a maniur as may be heard. 
 
 LA'MINA, S. [Lat J a tliin plate, applied 
 to fuhft.inccs which confifl of fcale.>:, or one 
 coat l.iid over another. 
 
 LA'JMINATED, Adj. plated, applied to 
 bodies confiding of parts refcmloling thin' 
 plates lying over one another. 
 
 To LAMM, V. A. [Lmac, Pol. Icm, IH.] 
 to beat foiindly with a cudgel. 
 
 L' A MM AS, S. [to called, according to 
 Skinner, l>ccaiife lambs then grew out of fea 
 Ion ; according to Soniner, from Icffnuu, be- 
 c.uife our foicfathcr* made an oHering of 
 bread made of new" wheat on this day. John- 
 fon fisppofrs it may be corrupted from laTtcr- 
 g:aih^ und iJr. Bernard, that it is likewife a 
 corruption of laimos, a fummer fcflivalj the 
 fir ft day of A u gull. 
 
 LAM1\ S. [lamp, "Ri'W.. l.iwpe,TT. Aa.u- 
 Taj, Or. hi'pd, Syr j a light niudc of oil and 
 a wick. Figur.itively, any Kind of light, 
 whether real or metaphorical. 
 
 LA'MPREON, or LA'MPRFL, S. [hv.- 
 fiillon, Fr.] a fmall lamprey or fifli fomewhat 
 rtfimbling an eel, but having holes on each 
 fide to breath at, mftead of gills. 
 
 LAMPREY, S. [/ar^prci, Fr, larrfrcye, 
 Belg. lampreda, Ital. ] a filh like an eel, flip- 
 pery, and of a dark colour, hut fomewhat 
 bluilh on the belly : on each fide the throat 
 they have fcven holes to receive the water, 
 having no gills. They are beft in feafon in 
 the fpring, and abound in the river Severn. 
 
 LA'NCASTER, or, as the natives pro- 
 nounce it, LONE'CAS 1 ER, or LONGCAS- 
 TER, fo called from the river LON, near 
 the mouth of which it ftands, and giving 
 name to the whole county. It is the Ihire- 
 town, and an ancient borough, being alfo the 
 Longcvicum of the Itineraiy, where the Ro- 
 m;tn lieutenant kept a company in garrifon, 
 called the Lovgo'vki, if Longdiller be not de- 
 rived from this. Here are ibmetimes found 
 the coins of Roman emperors, efpecially in 
 the fite of the Benediiftinc cloyfter here, faid 
 to have been formerly the hrge fquare of an 
 ancient city ; after the demolition of which 
 by the Scotch, in 1322, they began to build 
 nearer the river, clofe by a hill, upon which 
 ftands a fair, ftrong caftle ; and on the very 
 top of the hill is a large and handfome 
 church : at the bottom is a very fine ftone 
 bridge of five arches over the Lon, and on 
 the ftcepeft part a piece of a very ancient 
 Roman wall, now called Wery-wall. J« 
 digging a cellar in this place, feveral cups 
 u(cd in facrifices have been found. This i.$ 
 a mayor corporation, a populous and thriving 
 place, with a tolerable harbour, chiefly for 
 fmall vcflels ; and a cuftom-houfe, the trsde 
 here being much improved of late. In the 
 caftle are held the county affizes ; and here 
 is alfo the county gaol. The weekly mar- 
 kets here are on Wednefday and S2turd.;y ; 
 the former by grant, and the latter by pi e- 
 llription ; bcfides one every other Wednefday 
 throngiiout the year, for cattle ; and fcvwal 
 (Dtlicr ounnal fairs. Veffels of fevcnty tons 
 tnirden go from hence to America with hard- 
 wares and woollen nianufaftures ; but the 
 neighbouring country is fo thinly peoplcil, 
 I)y Rafon of its b.irrennef";, that it cannot 
 
 LA'MPAS, S. \lampas, Fr.] a lump cf take off the fugars imported thither from our 
 (kill about the frif of :t luirnicjr, which ariles I American colonics. This town gave the ti- 
 in the TO'A ol -a iiorft'i mouth bctwtcii his ; tic of Duke, which ftill fubfifts, as a didinft 
 tilth. duchy belonging to the wowa. It lies -59 
 
 I miles
 
 LAN 
 
 Snilesfrom Liverpool, am! z■^^ from London. 
 Lat. i;4- <^ei^ N. long, z dea. 47 rfiin. W. 
 
 LA'NCASHIRE, or the Cwnty Palatine 
 cf Lancajler. This is one of the northern 
 counties cf England, pent up in narrow 
 bounds, between York (hire on the E. and 
 the Irifln foa on the W. but on the S. tide 
 toward Chffhire, it is broader, growing nnr- 
 rovver, though by degrees, towards the N. 
 ■where it confines on Weftmoreland ; and 
 there it is divided by an arm of the fea, fo 
 that a confKlenible part lies beyond the bay, 
 and joins to Cumberland. This is a large 
 maritime county, being computed fixty- eight 
 miles long from N. to S. and 40 broad from 
 E. to W. though others give it different di- 
 menfions ; fo that the eltimate of its acres 
 mud confequently vary, on which we ilial! 
 not dwell. It is faid to contain 240,000 in- 
 habitants, fiK hundreds, twenty-feven mar- 
 ket towns, and befides chapels as large as pa- 
 rjfh churches, faid to be upwards of 120, 
 fixty pariflies, each of them far exceeding 
 the greatefl: any wliere elfe in the number of 
 its inhabitants ; and no lefs than (ixteen of 
 the aforefaid chapels of eafe are in one pa- 
 vi(h. 
 
 LANCE, S. [lance, Fr. and Span, lancea, 
 Lat.J a fpcar borne in the hand, and fome- 
 what refembling tlie half-pike. 
 
 To LANCE, V. A. to pierce or cut. In 
 Surgery, to open a wound witli a lancet, l^c. 
 
 LA'NCET, S. [lancette,YtJanc€tta, Ital.J 
 a fine fmall furgeon's knife or inrtrument, 
 ftrait pointed, two edged, and ufcd in open- 
 ing veins, &c. 
 
 To LANCH, V. A. [kncer, Fr. corruptly 
 written launch\ to throw like a javelin. To 
 dait or throw. 
 
 LAND, S. [land, land, Sax,] a country. 
 Earth, oppcfed to water. The ground or 
 furface of a place. " RoU'd— along iheland,^' 
 Pope. Ufcd in the plural for an eibte con- 
 fjfting in land. Figuratively, a nation or 
 people. " The /jw<i bchcvcd." D>yd. 
 
 To LAND, V. N. to fet on Diore from a 
 fl»ip or other vcllel. Neuterly, to come to 
 ihorc from a (hip or other veliel. 
 
 LA'NDED, Adj. fet on fhore from a (hip ; 
 having a fortune confifting in lands. 
 
 LA'NDFALL, S. in Law, a fudden tranf- 
 lation of property in I-uids by the death of a 
 perfon. Among Mariners, the aetion of fall- 
 ing in with the land. 
 
 LA'ND-FLOOD, S. an inimdation, or 
 overflowing of land. " Looked like a Lmd- 
 " Jlccd,^' Chi rend. 
 
 LA'ND-FORCES, S. forces or foldicrs 
 ufcd on land. 
 
 LA'ND-HOLDER, S. one whofe fortune 
 confids in lands. 
 
 L.VND JOBBER, S. otte who dewls in 
 buying or felling l;inds. 
 
 LA'.NDGR.AVE, S [bmWraff, Tent, lartd 
 &n^ gruff, Teut.jiGermani title of dominion. 
 
 LAN 
 
 LA'NDIKG. or LA'NDLVG-PLACE, S. 
 the nppermofi (Icp of a pair of flairs, or the 
 floor of the room yon afcend upon ; a place 
 where perfons come to ("iioie from a Ihip or 
 boat. 
 
 LA'NDLADY, S. a woman who has te- 
 nants holding under her 5 the miftrefs of a 
 public houfe. 
 
 LA'NDLESS, Adv. withsnt property or 
 fortune. " A lift of /audi, fs refolutes." !^fak: 
 
 LA'NDLOCKED, Adj'. fluit in or inclofed 
 with land. 
 
 LA'NDLOPER, S. [/aridmi bope«,'&t\g.\ 
 a land man : ufcd by feamen as a term of 
 reproach to thofe who pafs theii lives on 
 (ho re. 
 
 LA'NDLORD, S. an owner of lands and 
 houfes, who has tenants under him j the 
 mafter cf a public houfe. 
 
 LA'ND-MARK, S. any tiling fet up to 
 prefcrve and mark the boundaries of lands 
 
 _ LA'ND.SGAPE, S. {landftap, Belg.j ths 
 view or profpeifl of a country. In Painting, 
 a piece reprefenting fome rural orchampaigri 
 fubjccfl.fuch as hills, vales,rivcr.s and feats, &V. 
 
 LA'ND-TAX, S. a tax laid upon lands and 
 houfes. 
 
 LA'ND-WAtTER, S. an officer of ths 
 cnflorii-houie, fet to watch goods, to prevent 
 their being landed wifhout paying duty. 
 
 L^'NUWARD, Adv. towards the land. 
 
 LANE, S. {lacn, Belg. lar.a. Sax.] a nar- 
 row way between hedges. In cities, a nar- 
 row paflage witli houfes on each fide, t'ome- 
 what broader than an ajley, and not fo wide 
 as a flreet. 
 
 LA'NGUAGE, S. [Fr. lingua, Lat.] a 
 fet of words, agreed upon l)y any peculiar peo^ 
 pic, to communicate their thoughts with % 
 (tile ; peculiar manner of cxprcilion. 
 
 LA'iMGUAGEO, Adj. ha.ing various lan- 
 guages. " Many /i7;7T«^^V nations." Fupe, 
 
 LA'NGUAGE-M A:iTER,S. [now written 
 Mafi:r of langvagei. from Mai^jrs dcs lajiguesf 
 Fr.] one who profefles to teach foreign lan- 
 guages. 
 
 LA'NGUET, S. \_languette, Fr.] any thing 
 cut in the form of a tongue, 
 
 LA'NGUID, Adj. [L,vg'y,dus, Lat.j want- 
 ing force, firengthj or fpirit.'i. Figuratively, 
 dull; heartlefs ; wanting ou'rage. " Fire 
 " their languid fouls." AdidiJ'. 
 
 LA'NGUIDLY, Adv. in aweak or feel>I«5 
 manner. 
 
 LA'NGUIDNESS, S. the quality or ftatfi 
 of wanting ftrengih, courage, or fpirits. 
 
 To LA'NGUISH, V. N. [hi:guir, Fr. 
 languco, Lat. j to grow feeble; to pine away \ 
 to lofe fpirits or (Irength ; to lofe vigour } 
 to bedcjcifted, or to (ink and pine under for- 
 row, or any (low confuming pafllon ; to fook 
 at with melting affedlioli, fofinefs, and ten* 
 dernefs. 
 
 LA'NGUISH, S. any foft, lender, weak, 
 or feeble appearance. 
 
 ? p a LA'aNJ"
 
 LAP 
 
 T.A'NGUISHINGLY, Adv. weakly ; fee- 
 bly; vvuh Feeble tcndtrnefs. Dully, teJiouIly, 
 applied to time. " How langui fiAngly the 
 weeks are part." Sidney. 
 
 Ij'A'NGUISHME;>i F, S. the flate of pin 
 ing either with f jme flow paffion or difcafc ; 
 a foft and melting 'ook of tendernefs. 
 
 LA'NGUOR, S. [languor, Lat. hrgueur, 
 Fr.j in Medicine, a f.iintnefs aiifing from 
 want or dec.iy of fpiiits. 
 
 LANK, Adj. [Jlartke, Belg. ^oUnk, Tcut.] 
 loofe i ruTibcv , wanting slifTwefs ; not curled 
 but hanging ftrait applied to hair. Meagre ; 
 dander, faint orlan^id. " Reat'd her lank 
 head." Mut. 
 
 LA'NKNESS, S. the quality or ftate of be- 
 in? thin, meagre, or flender. The quality 
 of hanging down flraight without curls, ap- 
 plied to hair. 
 
 LA'NX'F.R, S. [Jankr, Fr. lanariui, Lat.] 
 a fpecies of hawk. 
 
 LA'NSCi'"-' ENET, S. [Fr. lance and knecht, 
 Tent.] a German foot loldierj a game at 
 cards. - 
 
 LA'NTERN, S. [hrtcme, Fr. latitcnia, 
 Lat. erroneoufly Written /j;j/'/jwnJ a tranfpa- 
 rent cafe in which a candle or other light 
 jiiay be carried about; a light-houfe, or 
 JiTht hung out to guide fhips, A dczrk lavtem, 
 is a lantern fitted with a moveable llider, 
 which, by being turned round, intercepts the 
 light of the candle. Magic lanter?tf^n optics, 
 is a macliiiie, which, in a darkened room, re- 
 prefcats various figures on a wall. Lautcrn- 
 -,2ivs, a term ufed to cxprefs a meagre coun- 
 /tenance. 
 
 LANU'GO, S. [Lat.] in Botany, down, cr 
 that foft hairy or woolly covering which grows 
 on the leaves, Itulks, or fruit of plants; as 
 on the le;'ves of the rofe, campion, or the 
 tVuir of the peach-tree. 
 
 LAJ^U'GINOUS, Adj. [lamiglnofus, Lat.] 
 downy ; covered with foft hair. Sec La- 
 riigo. 
 
 LAP, S, [lappf, Sax. Ia;fe, Teut.] the 
 loofe part of a garment, which may be dou- 
 bled at pleafure ; that part of the cloaths 
 that is fpiead over the thighs as a perfon fits 
 do'vn, and will hold any thing laid on it, 
 without letting it roll off"; that part of the 
 body, which is parallel to the feat of a chair 
 when a perfon hts down. 
 
 To LAP, V. A. to wrap or twift round 
 any thing, ufed with ro-jnd, in, or aUut \ to 
 cover, wrap, tT involve in any thing. Neu- 
 terly, to he fpread fo as to double over. 
 
 7o LAP, V. N. [Iappiar.,^-Ji%. tamper, Fr.] 
 to drink, by licking up with the tongue. 
 
 LA'P-DOG, S. a little dog, fo called, 
 bfciufe indulged by the ladies to lie in their 
 laps. 
 
 LA'PFUL, S. as much as can be contained 
 in the lap. 
 
 LA'PIDARY, S. \Iapi<.'.a:rc, Fr.]cn:v\ho 
 »n:'.e or dials in precious ftcnis» 
 
 LAP 
 
 LATIDARY, Adj. belonging to or pro- 
 per for a Itone. 
 
 LA'PJDEOUS, Adj. [lapideui,Ux.} fto- 
 ney ; of the nature of ftone. 
 
 LAPIDE'SCENP, S. [lapidefcens, from, 
 lapidefco, Lat.] a ftoney concretion. 
 
 LAPIDESCENT, .S. [lapidcfcem, Lat ] 
 growing or turning to flone. 
 
 LAPIDI'r IC, Adj. {lapidifijue, Fr.] form- 
 ing flones. " Atoms of the lapidijic as 
 " well as faline principle.'' Grcio. 
 
 LAPIDIFICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 forming flones. 
 
 LA'PIDIST, S. [of /tf/H, Lat] one that 
 deals in precious ftoncs. " An ordinary lapi- 
 " diji:' Ray. 
 
 LA'PIS, S. [Lat.] a ftone, Lapii Laxul:, 
 or azure ftone, is a copper ore, fo hard and 
 compact as to take a higk poli.li. 
 
 LA'PLAND, the northern part of Sweden, 
 It is fubuivided into Danilh, Swedifh, and 
 Mufcovite Lapland. We Ihall here treat only 
 of Swedilh Lapland, after obferving in ge- 
 neral, that all the country which lies above 
 the Bothnic gulph along the coaft of the 
 North Tea, even to the White or Frozen fea, 
 is called Lapland, in Latin Lappia or Lappo- 
 wa. Swedilh Lapland is the molt confiderable 
 of the three; and the oi'.ly one which i^ 
 tolerably peopled, confidering the extreme 
 coldnefs of the climate. It is beunded on the 
 N. by Danilh Lapland, on the E. by Muf- 
 covite Lapland, and on the S. E. and S. by 
 Bothnia, Angcrmannia, and Jtmpterland ; 
 and on the W. it is feparated from Norway 
 by a ridge of mountains. Its greattfl extent 
 from E. to W. is about 360 miles ; and in 
 breadth it extends from lat. 65 deg. 30 min. 
 to Cg deg. N. but neither its length nor 
 breadth arc equal every where, it being nearly 
 in the form of a horfe (hoe. It is divided in- 
 to fix provinces or diftriiffs ; which are, An- 
 germanland-lapmark, Uma-lapmark, Pitha- 
 lapmark, Lula-lapmark,T(jrno-lapmark, and 
 Kimi-lapmark ; each province borrowing its 
 name from the principal river which waters 
 it. The ancients, to whom the name of 
 Lappia was unknown, called the inhabitants 
 of this country Scritofinni. They at fird in- 
 habited Finland, from which they were 
 driven more northward.':, and hence called 
 Lapps ; but the inhabitants themfelves look- 
 ing upon that as a name of reproach, call 
 themfelves Sabmienladti. 1 hey are generally 
 not above four feet and a half high, and 
 fome even under. Moll of the men are 
 hemely, and ftoop, having hollow and blear- 
 ed eyes, a fiiort flat nofe, and broad face : 
 but they are fwift, nimble, and fo Jlrong, 
 that a Norwegian is not able to bend their 
 bows above one half. The women have a 
 complexion mixed with a natural red and 
 white-, which is not difagrceable. They are 
 fuperftitious, cowardly, and timorous, alio 
 hally and pafConate 3 the women efpecially ;
 
 L A R 
 
 and arc fo exceflively indolent, that tliey 
 neither go a bunting nor fifliing, till their 
 povilions are quite fpent. Lapland is fo 
 near the pole, that the fun does not fet in 
 wmmer, nor rife in winter ; at which latter 
 leafon the cold is fo intenfe, that none but 
 the natives can bear it. The more rapid 
 livers are then frozen up, and the ice two or 
 three, and fonietimes four or five feet thick. 
 In funimer the weather is quite fultry, but 
 qualified by fca-vapours, and by the fnow 
 ct)ntinuing allfummeron the mountain-tops, 
 Cft. but autumn and fpring are unknown in 
 this country. The iky is generally ferenc, 
 and the air healthy, as being agitated by very 
 boifcerous winds, which blow licre almolt 
 continually. Here is a prodigious number of 
 wild- beafts, as flags, bears, wolves, foxes 
 of various colours, martens, hares, glittens, 
 beavers, otters, elk, and rein deer ; the latter 
 is lefs than a ftag. 
 
 LA'PPER, S. one who wraps or laps up : 
 one who laps or licks. 
 
 LA'PPET, S. [a diminutive if /af] the 
 parts of a head-drcfs that hang loofe. 
 
 LAP3E, S. [/^/^vj, Lat.] a flow or fall 
 of water from a lliglier place. Figuratively, 
 a fmall error or miltake. In Canon Law, 
 a lofs of right, or tranlLition of it from one 
 to another. " A devolution, or /aj.j'e ot 
 " right." Jylrffl: 
 
 To LA'PSE, V. N. to glide (lowly, to 
 fall by degrees. To /apfe itiie the barbarity 
 " of the Northern nations." Sivift. To fail 
 in any thing; to flip j to be guilty of a 
 fmall or trivial fall through inadvertency or 
 mhtake. " Homer— has hfjed into the 
 " burlefque." SpcB. To lofc or let flip the 
 proper time. " The appellants lupjmg the 
 " term of law." /lyliffe. To fall by the neg- 
 ligence of one poneflbr to another. " It 
 ♦' lafl'ei to the king. Ayhffc. To fall from 
 perfection, truth, or faith. 
 
 LA'PWiNG,S. a clamorous bird, fo nam- 
 ed from the length and lapping of the wings. 
 
 LA'PVVORK, S. work in whicli one part 
 is lapped or folded over another. " Wrought 
 " by a kind of laptvork." Grcic-, 
 
 LA'RBOARD, S. the left hand fide of a 
 (hip, when you (land with your face towards 
 the held. 
 
 LA'RCENY, S. [hrdn, Fr. fiom latrcd- 
 tihiw, Lat.] the felonious taking away a per- 
 lon's goods in his abfence. Great larcenv is 
 ■when the goods are above the value of izd. 
 Pcfy lurceny is when the value of the goods 
 4(olen does not amount to i2d. 
 
 LARCH, S. f/<7W;t, Lat.] a tree, which 
 growing on the Po, and flicdding gum, is 
 fuppofcd to have been the tree into which 
 the lifters of Phaeton were metamorphofed. 
 
 LARD, S. [Fr. lardum, Lat.] the greafc 
 of fwine ; bacon, or the He(h of fwinc. " The 
 *' fmoaking/flr(/." Dryd. 
 
 Tc LAKU, V. A. llardcr, Fr.] to fluff 
 
 LAS 
 
 with bacon ; to ni.-?ke fat. '« LarJs tiie Icn.n 
 " earth as he walks." Shak. Figuratively, 
 to mix with fcmething elfe by vvay of im- 
 provement. " Larded witll many feveral 
 " reafons." Shak, 
 
 LA'RDER, S. [larder, old Fr.] the room 
 where meat is kept or faltcd. 
 
 LA'RDERER, S. one who has the charge 
 of the Idrder. 
 
 LA'i^DON, S. [Fr.] a bit of bacon, 
 
 LARGE, Adj. [large, Fr. largus, Lat.] 
 bulky, or of great demenfions; wide or ex- 
 tenfive ; liberal, abundant, or plentiful. In 
 a diffulTive manner applied to (tile. " Debated 
 " at large." J'f'titts. 
 
 LA'RGELY, Adv. in a wide or extenfive 
 manner. In a copious or dilfufe manner, 
 applied to flile. In a liberal, or bountiful 
 manner, applied to giving. Abundantly, 
 plentifully, or without reftraint. 
 
 LA'RGF.NCSi, S. extent, bulk, or fpaci- 
 oufnefs, applied to place. Greatnefs or ele- 
 vation, applied to the mind. Extent or bulk, 
 applied to things. 
 
 LA'RGESS, S. [largejji, Fr.] a prefent, 
 gift, or bounty. 
 
 LA'RIVIER, S. [larme, Fr.] in Architec- 
 ture, a fiat fjuare, maffive member of the 
 cornice, hetwtcn the cymatium andtheovelo, 
 fo called from its ufe ; which is to difperfe 
 water, and caufe it to fall at a diftance from 
 the wall drop by drop, or as it were by tears. 
 
 LARK, S. [laiicrce, .Sax. krk, Dan.j abird 
 which matesitsnefl onthcgrpund, and fiugs 
 as it niouiiis in the air. 
 
 LA'RKER, S. one who catches larks. 
 
 LA'RKSPUR,S. a flower fo called from 
 its refembllng the fpur of a lark. 
 
 LA'RUM, S. [larivw, Brit.] any noife 
 made to excite attention, and give notice of 
 danger; a clock which makes a noif at any 
 particular hour to which its itjdex is efet. 
 
 LARYNGO' rOMY, [from \a^vy^^ and 
 rijxvu), Gr. J in Surgery, an operation where 
 the fore part of a larynx is oivided, to allift 
 refpiraticn during large tumours in the uppc; 
 parts, as in thequinley. 
 
 LA'RYNX, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the 
 upper part of the wind-pipe, which is one of 
 the organs of refpiration, as well as the prin- 
 cipal inftrument of the voice. 
 
 LASCI'VIOUS, Adj. [lafci-uius, Lat.] lewd j 
 wanton ; behaving with too great libq-ty to 
 the other fex; foft j effeminate. " The 
 " lajd-uifius pleafnig of a lute." bhak. 
 
 LA.sCrvIOUSNESS.S. tlicqualityof dlf- 
 covering lewdnefs or lult, cither in behaviour 
 or words. 
 
 LA^C^VIOU.SLY, Adv. lewdly ; in a 
 wanton or loofe manner. 
 
 LASH, S. [lajka, Pol.] a ftrokc or blow 
 given with a v\hip, or any thing pliant and 
 tough ; the thong of a whip with which a 
 blow is given. Figuratively, a flioke of 
 cenfuje or reproach, 
 
 P p 3 To
 
 L A T 
 
 L A T 
 
 To LASH, V. A. to (Irike with a whip.j LATE, Adj. {lat, Sax. latt, Belg,] that 
 Of any thing pliant ; to move with a fuddcn which is longer than it fhffuld be, or not fo 
 fpring or jerk ufcd with i-^; " LaJkhiguf/h\s\{oon as cxpe(fttd ; laft in anyplace, office. 
 
 heels." Diyil. To beat, fo as to make 
 fliarp found, like the lath of a whip, applied 
 to tlie beating of waves agiinll a ihore. A- 
 mong Mari:iLrs, to tieor faften two things to- 
 gether with a rope or cord. Figuratively, to 
 fcourge with fitire. 
 
 LA'SHER, S. one who whips, ladies, or fa- 
 tirizes. 
 
 LASS, S. [according to Dr. Hicks, from 
 lad, is formed tiie feminine laddej;, which is 
 contracted into iaj's] a. girl, maid, or young 
 woman. 
 
 LA'SSITUDE, S. wearinefs or a lofs of 
 vigour and firength by excelTive labour. In 
 Medicine, appiird to that wearinefs which 
 proceeds from a diflcmpered flate, and not 
 from exercife, which wants no remedy but 
 rert. 
 
 LASSLORN, Adj. forfaken by a miOrefs 
 or lover. " The difmiflcd bachelor loves — 
 " being lajuorn." Shak. 
 
 LAS r, Adj. [latefl, Sz-i. fuperlativc of Aire] 
 after all orlicrs ; utmoft. " Their laj} endea- 
 '* vour Ijeiid — t'outlhine eacii other." Dryd, 
 At l-ill ; at the end ; in conclufion. " Rull 
 ♦' to a point, and fix at lajl.^' Friend. 
 
 To LAST, V. N. Ibftjn, S»x.] lo conti- 
 nue ; to endure. 
 
 LAST, S. [laji, Sax.] a mould on which 
 fhoes are made; a load. A hft of cod fifh, 
 v.hite herrings, meal, and afhes for foap is 12 
 barrels ; of corn or rape feed 10 quarters ; of 
 gunpowder, 24 b.irrels, 24001b. weight ; of 
 red herrings 20 cades; of hides 12 dozen ; of 
 l?-tlicr 20 dickers; of pitch or tar 14 barrels; 
 of wool 12 facks ; of flockfifh 10 ^ ; and a 
 lajl of flax or featheis contains 1700 lb 
 vveigiit. 
 
 LA'STAGE, S. [lejiage, Fr,] cuftom paid 
 for goods fold by the lall, for freightage, or 
 the ballaft of a Ihip. 
 
 LA'STJNO, Part, continuing; durable j 
 of along continuance, wearing a long while. 
 LA'.S TI.N'GLY, Adv. durably; perpetu- 
 ally. 
 
 LA'STLY, Adv. in the laft place ; at laH; 
 in the condulion . 
 
 LATCH, S. [lefle, Belg. hcao, Ital.] the 
 latch of a door, which is moved either by a 
 ftring or handle. 
 
 To LATCH, V. A. to faflcn by a latch. 
 Figuralively, to faften or clofe. " Hafl thou 
 *'/j.'i7jVthcAthenian's eyes with love juice V' 
 Siak. 
 
 L.VTCHES, S in a fhTp, fmal] lines like 
 loops, falfened by fewing into the bonnets 
 and drablcrs of a fliip, in older to lace the 
 bonnets to the courfcs, or the drablers to the 
 bonnets 
 
 LATCHET, S. {hett, Fr. Inccio, Ital.] the 
 ftring with wliich ihocs or findsb were faf- 
 icncd 
 
 charader, or time ; deceafed, or dead, when 
 prefixed to a perfon's name. " His late Ma- 
 " jcfly George the fecond." Far advanced 
 in the day or night. 
 
 LATE, Adv. after long delays ; after a 
 long time ; after its proper time ; not long 
 ago. " The laic imprifoned young." Pope. 
 At an unfeafonable hour, or far advanced in 
 the day or night. 
 
 LA'TED, Adj. belated; furprized by the 
 night. 
 
 LATELY, Adv. at fometimc not long 
 pafl. 
 
 LA'TENESS. S. any time or feafon far 
 advanced, or juff expiring. 
 
 LA' TENT. Adj. [later.s, Lat,] hidden, 
 concealed ; fecret. 
 
 LATER, -Adj. [comparative of late'\ 
 happening after a particular period, or after 
 foniething elfc. " The account of tlie battle 
 " came later from the Hague than from 
 " Hamburgh." 
 
 LA'TERAL, Adj. [latera, Lat. J growing 
 out on the fide ; belonging to, or by the 
 fide ; placed or acting in a dlre£lion perpen- 
 dicular to the horizon. 
 
 LATERA'LITY, S. the quality of hav- 
 ing didinifl fiJes. " A right and left late- 
 " ra/ity.''' Brmun. 
 
 LATERA'LLY, Adv. by thefides ; fide- 
 wife. 
 
 A LA'TERE, a title applied to fnch car- 
 dinals as are the pope's counfellors in ordina- 
 ry, and alliflants. 
 
 LA'TE\VARD,Adv. [from late andivearj, 
 Sax.] fomething late, or unfeafonable. 
 
 LATH, S. [Ltta, Sax. lath, Brit.] inEuild- 
 ing, a long, thin, narrow Hip of wood, gene- 
 rally nailtd on the rafters of a roof, tofuflain 
 the tiles or other covering ; a part of a.coun- 
 ty, fomething larger th..n a tything, and lefs 
 than an hundred, from luth, Sax. 
 
 To LATH, V. A. to fit up with laths. 
 LA'THE, S. a turner's engine, by which 
 he turns about his matter, in order to (hape 
 it v;ith a chizel. 
 
 To LATHER, V. N. [kthrian, Sax. la- 
 •ueure, Fr.] to fi^rm a froth or foam ; to make 
 water froth with foap ; to cover with frpth 
 made by foap and water. 
 
 LA'THER, S. a foam or froth made by 
 beating or agitating water with which foap 
 is mixed. 
 
 L'^'TIN, Adj. [lat'im.!, Lat.] written or 
 fpoken in the language of theantientRomans. 
 LA'TIN, S. a tranllation performed in La- 
 tin, and agreeable to the rules and idioms of 
 that tongue ' 
 
 LA'TINISM, S. [lat'tnifme, Fr ] a manner 
 of exprefHon peculiar to the Latin tongue. 
 
 LA'TINIST, S one cdpable cf writing or 
 ffC'.king Latin in its purity,' ar;d acquainted 
 j with
 
 L A U 
 
 with the beauties of the authors that have 
 written in that, language. 
 
 LATl'NITY, S. [!atimte,Fi:/ati>i!tas,L!it.] 
 the purity of Latin iHle. 
 
 To LA'TINIZE, V. A. \l<:fimfer, Fr.] to 
 ufe words or phrafes in another language that 
 are borrowed from the Latin. 
 
 LA'TISH, Adj. foineu hat late; fomewhat 
 advanced in the ninjit. 
 
 LATIRO'STOUS, Adj. [from latus, Lat. 
 and roflrum, Lat. J havine; a broad beak. 
 
 LATITAT, S. [Lati^he lies hid] in Law, 
 a writ, which iflucs out of tlie King's Bench, 
 fo called from a fuppofition thatthe defendant 
 kirks ov Tiet hid, and cannot be found in the 
 county of Middlcfcx, Init is lied to fonie other 
 county, to the fiierift" whereof this writ is di- 
 rpfted, commanding him to apprehend the 
 defendant there. Fhx. Nat. Brev. 
 
 LA'TiTUDE, S. [Fr. latltudo, Lat.] 
 breadtli or width j in bodies of unecjual di- 
 menfions the ihorted fpace between the two 
 extremes of its fui face, or the meafurc of a 
 ftrait line drawn through its ends. " Provided 
 *' the length doth not exceed the /a^/rwd'c." 
 Wottcn. Room, fpace, or extent ; the extent 
 of the earth or heavens meafured from the 
 equator to either pole ; the diftance of a place' 
 from the equator, either north or fouih, or an 
 arch of the meridian, comprehended between 
 the zenith of a place and the equator; unre- 
 ftrained or unlimited acceptation ; freedom 
 from any ftttled rules ; extent orcomprehen- 
 Tion of any art or ftience. He is out of his la- 
 titude, a figurative expreflion, implying that a 
 perfon is in a place he is ignorant of, or that 
 he is bundling a fubjcd beyond his abilities 
 or co.mprshenlion. 
 
 L ATI TU D I N.'VRI.^ N, Adj . [latitudinaire, 
 Fr.Jnot confined or reftrained, either with 
 rtrpe(fl to a(?lions or opinions. 
 
 LATlTUDlNARlAN.S.aperfon not con- 
 forming to any particular opinion or ftandard. 
 
 LA'TRANT, Adj. [Vd/r^Ks.Lat.] barking. 
 " 'Ihc.ldtrant race," Tickle. 
 . L.VTTER, Adj. not lo.ig done or pafl ; 
 towards the lad; mentioned the laft in order. 
 " The difTcrcnce between reafon and rcvela- 
 •' lion, and in what fenfe the latter is fupe- 
 " rior " IVatts. 
 
 LA'TTICE, S. [/ar,-;'i,Fr.] a window made 
 of flicks or iron bars crofling each other at 
 fniall diftances. 
 
 1 o LATTICE, V. A. to mark with crofs 
 flrokes like a lattice ; to make with flicks or 
 bars eroding each other at fniall diftances. 
 
 LAVA'TION, S. [h-vaiio, Lar.] the a^ 
 of wafhing. " The folemn day of her la-va- 
 " tion.^'' llajkciv. 
 
 LAVATORY, S. ff.om la-vo, Lat.l in 
 Medicine, a walh ; fomc liquid with whicli 
 difcafcd parts arc wafhcd, '• Lavatories to walh 
 " the temples." llar-jcy, 
 
 LAUD, S. [laus, laudis, Lat.] the aft of 
 praifing for any good, beutvoknt, or noble 
 
 L A U 
 
 deed. In Divinity, that part of divine wor- 
 Ihip which confills in praife. 
 
 To LAUD, V. A. \Iaudo, Lat.] to praife; 
 to acknowledge or mention with a fenfe of 
 gratitude. 
 
 LAU'DABLE, Adj, [laudnhiBs, Lat ] wor- 
 ihy of pr.dfe or cummendatioH. ■ 
 
 LAUD.'^NUM, S. a medicine compofed of 
 opium, (:jjc. 
 
 To LAVE, V A. [la-vo, Lat.] to wafti or 
 bathe in any liquid ; to throw up j to lave, 
 or fcoop out water ; from Uver, Fr. 
 
 To LAVE'ER, V- A. to change the di- 
 recflion often in a courfe. " Againft ilitl' gales 
 " la-uccrinf go.'" Dryd. 
 
 LA'VER, S. [,W«V, Fr.] a veflel to walh 
 any tiling in. 
 
 To Laugh, v. N. [pronounced in this 
 word and its dcrivjlives h^jf \ lahan, Sax.j 
 to make a loud and interrupted noife of fud- 
 den merriment or mirth. Figuratively, to 
 appear gay, favourable, pleafant, or fo as to 
 caufe joy. " '1 hen laughs the childilli year 
 " with ttow'rets crown'd." Diyd. Actively, 
 to di ride ; to ridicule or mock. 
 
 LAUGH, S. [lacb, Belg ] an uninterrupt- 
 ed found, canted by any objecTt which excites 
 fiiddtn mirth. 
 
 LAU'GHABLE, Adj. proper to be I.iughed 
 at; caufaig laughter." A /a«p/i»7/)/f writer.' Dr. 
 
 LAU'GHER, S. a perion fond of mirth, 
 or eafily provoked to laughter. 
 
 LAU'GHINGLY. Adv. in a meny man- 
 ner ; with great pleafuitry or mirih. 
 
 LAU'GHINGSTOCK, S. abut; an oh- 
 jecH: of contempt or ridicule. 
 
 LaU'GHTI'R, S. [hleahter, Sax.] an ex- 
 preflion of fudden miith, occafioued by aron- 
 vuhive motion of the pra^cordia and mufMes 
 of the mouth and f.ice ; a continued expul- 
 fion of breath, with a loud noifc, and llrakin^' 
 of the bread and fides. 
 
 LA'VISH, Adj. generous or liberal fo ex- 
 cefs ; fcatlercd in walie j profufe Tigura- 
 ilvcly, wild or nnreftiained. " Curbing his 
 " Iw^uf? fpiiir." ^•l.ak. 
 
 To LA'VJ SH, V. A, towafle extravagant- 
 ly ; to be profufe. 
 
 LA'VISHER, S. a prodigal or profufe 
 perfon . 
 
 LA'VISH LY, Adv. in an extravagant or 
 prodigal manner; witli iiich a d(-gree of lihe- 
 ralily, as borders on exccfs and indifcrction. 
 
 LA'ViSliMEN'J", or LA'VI.SIINESS, S. 
 an»extravagant, prodigal, or iiidhcreet walling 
 or giving away what belongs to a peti'on. 
 
 'lo LAUNCH, V. N. \1ar.ccr, elamcr, Fr. 
 lanciari, l.at.] to foiceoiit to fea, ^^ Launch 
 " farther into the Of can " Locke. To rove at 
 large ; ti) expatiate ; to be dilTufed, app'ied to 
 (lile. '' Liuituhcd out into a long oration." 
 Biootiic. A^ively, to put or rulh to fea. To 
 dart fiom' tlic hand. " T.tiunding iiom the 
 " iky — his writhen bolt." Dr-fl. 
 
 L.-iU'NDRESS, S. [from Uvr^i peculiar 
 P p 4 kind
 
 LAX 
 
 kind of linen, and drcfs'] a womm employed 
 in wafning linen, 
 
 LAU'NDRY, S. a room wherein linen is 
 ■wafhed or ironed. 
 
 LA'VOLT, S. \lai.-o/!a, Ital. Li voUe, Fr.] 
 fin old danffe, which conl'ifted in a variety oi 
 tvirnings and caperings ■, a caper. " I cannot 
 " fing — nor h«:l the high !-ji.'cIt" Shak. 
 
 LALWRKT, Adj. [burea!:.i, Lit.J decked 
 with laurel ; crowned with iaurel. A Poei 
 Laureat, is one who is in pay from the king, 
 and makes the odes which are perforiTied be- 
 fore him on his birth-djy, and on the begin - 
 ni;ig of the new year. 
 
 LAU'REL, S. [laurkr, Fr. lawu!, Lat.J a 
 tree, fometimcs called the cherry bay. 
 
 LaU'RELLEDj Adj crowned or adorned 
 with lanrel. 
 
 LAW, S. [laga, hh. Sax lo\, Fr. la-zvgh, 
 Erfe ; low^ D;in. lawwe, Eelg.] a rule of ac- 
 tion ; a precept orcommand coming from a 
 fuperior authority, w^hich an inferior is bound 
 to obey; a judicial procefs ; any thing obliged 
 to be done; an invariable conformity or corre- 
 fpondence between a caufe and effccl. " The 
 •' lazui of nature." To take the to'', implies to 
 enter an action againfV a perfon. 
 
 LA'WFUL, Adj. agreeable to law ; that 
 which may be done without violating the pre- 
 cepts of fupcrior authority, or incurring any 
 punifhment. 
 
 L.A'WFULLY, Adv. in a manner con- 
 formable to law. 
 
 LA'V/GIVER, S. a legiflator, or one who 
 has authority to m^ke laws ; a fupreme ma- 
 giftrate. 
 
 L.VWGIVING, Adj. leginative.orenaft- 
 ing laws. 
 
 LA'WLESS, Adj. unreflrained by any 
 law ; contrary to law. 
 
 LA'WLESSLY, Adv. in a manner con- 
 trary to law. 
 
 LA'WMAKER, S. a legiflator, or one who 
 makes laws. 
 
 LAWN, S. [land, Dzn. lj-u-?ijbn, Eritt. 
 Ijndc, Fr.] in open fpace or plain between 
 woov's ; fine linen, remarkable for being ufed 
 in the lleeves of a bilhop's robes. 
 
 LA'WSUIT, S. a procefs or adion in law. 
 
 LA' WYER, S. a counfellor, or one that is 
 (killed in the law, 2 Keb. 148 ; at prefent 
 pivcn, by courtefy, as a compliment to an 
 ■■ attorney. 
 
 LAX, Adj. [laxnt. Lat.] without reftraint, 
 or not confined. " inhabit lax, ye powers of 
 " heaven." Par. Loji. Not compacfl, or not 
 having its parts (Irongly or clofely joined. 
 " Like /<7.rfr matter." ^/'caWw. Vague, not ac- 
 curate, ex3cl, or compofed with any caution. 
 *' Lax and moral difcourfes." Boi- In Me- 
 dicine, loofe in body, or frequently going to 
 flool ; Hack, or not drained. " The lax 
 *' membrane." Holder. 
 
 L.AXA'TION, S. the a£\ of loofening or 
 (lackening; the ijatc of being loofened or I 
 Juckened, J 
 
 LAY 
 
 LA'XATIVE, Adj. [laxat;/, Fr.] in Me- 
 dicine, having the power to remove cofHve- 
 nefs. or to mukc K ofe. 
 
 LAXATIVE, S. in Medicine, a rftnedy 
 that purges or removes coftivenefs. 
 
 LA''XATlVENES^,S.the quality or power 
 of curing or removing coflivenefs. 
 
 LA'XrrY, .S. [laxiias, Lat,] the ftate of a 
 body whofe parts are not ftiongly comparted, 
 but may eafily be fcparated, flacknefs or loofe- 
 nef';; opennefs. Vagnenefs, applied to the dif- 
 ferent fenfes in which words are iifed. 
 
 LA'XNESS, S. loofenefs ; vaguencfs. In 
 Medicine, a loofe habit of body. 
 
 To LAY, V. A. f preter. laid, part. p.ifTive 
 liiin ; from kgin, liggai:, Sax.] to place along 
 upon the ground. 1 o beat down, applied to 
 corn or grafs. To put or place. To fix deep, 
 applied to foundation. 1 o put into any Ibte, 
 " Lay afleep." Bar. To calm, ftill, quiet or 
 allay, applied to winds or ftorms. To hinder 
 a fpe(?lre or fpirit from walking. " To lay the 
 " devil." VEjlr. Tofet on a table, applied to 
 food. " I laidmeM unto them." HcJ. xi. 4, 
 To depofit money in a wager. To bring forth 
 eggs or young, applied to birds. To apply 
 w iih violence, joined with fiege. To fcheme, 
 contrive, or plan, applied to plots, projefts, 
 &'c. In Law, to exhibit or otfer," joined with 
 irdi&visnt, " He la\i his ivdiFtment in fome 
 •' certain county." Atterb. Ufed with a/fl; /■, 
 to rejert or put away. " Lay apart all filthi- 
 " nefs." James i. 21. Ufed with before, to 
 expofe to view ; to fhew ; to difplay. To lay 
 Ly, to keep'or rcferve for fome future occafjon. 
 " Let ever^' one lav by him in ftore." i. Cor. 
 xvi. 2. Ufed with dcivn, to depofit as a 
 pledge, equivalent or fatisfaftion, generally 
 followed hy for ; to quit or refigii. " Laid 
 " doiuntheUvorA.'" Phck. To lie long abed in 
 order to fleep or repofe. " I will lay me do'zvn 
 " in peace." PJalm xiviii. To place in a de- 
 cent pofture, applied to a corpfe. " Embalm 
 " me, then lay me forth." Shak. To lay hold 
 of to feize, catch, or apprehend. To lay in, to 
 keep as a referve ; to (lore or treafure. " To 
 " lay /rtimelyprovifions." AddiJ. To charge 
 witli ; to accnie of ; to impute. " Z-aj the 
 " fault on us." Shak. To layout, to fpend or 
 pay away ; applied to money. To plan or 
 difpofe. " The garden is laid out into a 
 " grove." Brocr-.e. Ufed with to or iir.to, to 
 charge upon, or impute. " It would belaid 
 " to MS." Stai. Ufed with uf, to confine, ap- 
 plied to difeafes. '* Laid up by that difeafe." 
 Temple. To referve (lore or treafure againfl 
 fome future tim^. " Fathers are wont to lay 
 " up for their fons." Milt. Ufed with upon, 
 to impute or charge, applied to faults. " Far 
 " from layir:g a blot upon Luther." Atterh. 
 To impofe or infiift, applied to punifhment. 
 " A punilliment laid upon Eve." Locke. Ufed 
 with or, to flrike, or beat furioufly. " Hclays 
 " me on." Dryd. To ufe or take meafures. 
 " 1 laid out for intelligence." Wudiv. 
 
 * LAY,
 
 LEA 
 
 LAY, S. [At, leag. Sax.] grafly grouiid ; a 
 Tneadow ground unplow«J, and kept tor cat 
 tie. " A mill of (.laifics on a flow'iy /jy." 
 Dryd. 
 
 LAY, S. [/fy, Scot, by, Fr.] a fong or po- 
 em. " Tun'd her foft Ayj." Par. Loft. 
 
 LAY, Adj. [lu-cus, Lat. Xaa:, Gr.J be- 
 longing to tiie people who follow trades and 
 ilcuiar bufinefs, 
 
 LA'YER, S. a bed ; a row or ftratum of 
 earth, or any other body fpread over ano- 
 ther. In Botany, a fpiig, ftalk, or branch of 
 a plant, which is layed under the mould, in 
 order to take root and propagate ; a hen that 
 lays eggs. 
 
 LA'YMAN, S. one who follows any trade, 
 and is not in orders, oppofed to a clergyman. 
 In Painting, an image to draw by. 
 
 LA'ZAR, S. [from Lazarus, mentioned 
 in St. Luke~\ a perfon afflifted with filthy and 
 peiHlential fores and difeafes \ a leper. 
 
 LAZARE'TTO, or LA'Z AR-HOUSE, S. 
 [laxaret, Fr. laxuiretto, Ital.] an hofpital or 
 houfe for the reception of the difeafed. 
 
 LA'ZILY, Adv. in an idle, inaiflive, flug- 
 gifli, or heavy manner. 
 
 LA'ZINESS, S, idlenefs ; ftothfulnefs ; 
 fluggiihnefs ; an unwillingnefs to apply to 
 bufinefs or labour. 
 
 LAZU'LI, S. [Ital. axme] a ftone, the 
 ground of which is blue, fpotted, and veiaed 
 with wliite, and gliftening metallic yellow : 
 ufcd much among the painters, under the 
 name of uhramarlKe. 
 
 LA'ZY, Adj. [lufer, Dan. lac-he, Fr.] a per- 
 fon rinwilling,orflowand tedious in working. 
 LEA, S. [He, Brit, ley. Sax. leap-, Sax.] un- 
 plowed ground. See Lay. 
 
 LEA'CHER, S. [Icckcr, Teut.] a luRful 
 perfon ; one much addiifled to women. 
 LEA'CHEROUS.Adj. luftful; libidinous. 
 LEA'CHERY, S. [Icckay, Teut.] luftful- 
 nefs ; incontinei»ce. 
 
 LEAD, S. [this word, as well as its deri- 
 vatives, are pronounced led; from la-d, Sax. 
 loot, Bclg. lot, Teut,] one of the foftell, moft 
 du(ftile, and moH heavy metals next to gold, 
 very fiibjed to ruft, diflblved by the weakefl: 
 acids. 
 
 To LEAD, V. A. to fit or cover with 
 lead. 
 
 To LEAD, V. A. fthis word and its de- 
 rivatives are pronounced leed,^xetcv.kd; from 
 Itrdan, Sax.] to conJucft or guide by holding 
 a perfon's hand ; to conduct to any place ; to 
 go before any body of men, as a commander ; 
 tn guide, or to (hew a perfon the* metliod of 
 attaining any thing. Ufed with on, to draw 
 on, entice, or allure. '• Lrad\\\m on with a 
 •' fine baited delay." Shak. To induce or per- 
 fuade by fomeplcafing motive. In Gaminfj, 
 toplayfirft.i ^ 
 
 LEA'DEN, S, [pronounced leden\ from 
 had, and rt'.Sii,^.] made of lead. Figuratively, 
 
 LEA 
 
 heavy ; unwilling, or motioniefs. " If he 
 " be leaden, icy, cold." Shak. 
 
 LEA'DER, S .[pronunced krdcr] one that 
 goes before to (liew the way to another. A 
 captain, or commander, applied to an army. 
 One at the head of any party or fadion. "En- 
 " flaved by three or four leaders.."' Sivift. 
 
 LEA'DING, Part, [from /^.j^ the verb] 
 principal, or chief. " The fliape is t.he leading 
 " quality." Locke 
 
 L£ A'D IN G-STRINGS,S. firings by which 
 children are held when taught to walk. 
 
 LEAF, S. [plural leai/cs ; from leaf, Sax.J 
 apart of a tree or plant extended into length 
 and breadth j the mofl extreme part of a 
 branch, and the ornament of tJie twigs, con- 
 filling of a very glutinous matter, and fui- 
 nilhed every where with veins and nerves. 
 Its office is to fubtilize and give more fpirit 
 to the fap, and convey it to ^he buds. la 
 Hooks, it is a part containing two pages. One 
 fide of a double or folding door j the flap of 
 a table ; any thing beaten thin : hence leaf 
 gold and lilvcr. 
 
 To LEAF, V. N. to produce or bear leaves. 
 " Trees— would /f^about foKHce." Brown. 
 Not in ufe. 
 
 LEA'FLESS, Adj. without, or deprived of 
 leaves, 
 
 LEA'FY, Adj. full of leaves. 
 LEAGUE, S. [pronounced iecg ; from Ugufy 
 Fr.] a confederacy; a combination, or an al- 
 hance entered into between princes and dates 
 for their mutual aid and defence. 
 
 To LEAGUE, V. N. t© unite ; to confe- 
 derate or enter into an alliance for mutual aid 
 and defence. 
 
 LEAGUE, S. {legua, Span, lega, Ital,] a 
 meafure cf length by land and fca, containing 
 about three miles. 
 
 LEA'GUEO, Adj. confederated; united 
 by an alliance for mutual defence and aid. 
 
 LEA'GU ER, S. [legger, Dan. hgher, Belg.] 
 a fiege or invcftment of a town. 
 
 LEAK, S, [leek, Belg.] a brunch or hole 
 which lets water into a fliip, and out of a bar- 
 rel or other vefiel. To ffr'wg a leak, among 
 mariners, is when a ihip receives fome damage, 
 by which water may enter. 
 
 To LEAK, V. N. to let water in or out ; 
 to drop through a breach, " I-M/Cmt fire." 
 Dryd. 
 
 LEA'KAGE, S. the flate of a veflTtl that 
 lets water in or out through fome breach; an 
 allowance of jz per cent, in the cuiloms, to 
 importers of wine, for wafte and damage it 
 may be fuppofed to have received in its paf- 
 fage ; likewife an allowance of two barrels 
 in twenty-two made by the officers of excifc 
 to brewers of ale and beer. 
 
 LEA'KY, Adj. full of breathes or chinks 
 which let water in, applied to fliips ; but full 
 of chinks which let water out, applied to 
 b.mcJs, 
 
 To
 
 LEA 
 
 To LEAN, V. A. [pronounced /^vi/pretcr 
 leaned, or leant ; H'u-.an, Sav.. Icnen, Bel^ ] to 
 reflagainft; tobein a bendingpoflLire. Figu- 
 nitivcly, to have a tendency, inclination, or 
 propcntity. 
 
 LEAN, Adj. [hlane, lane, Sax.] thin, or 
 wanting fat or fleih. 
 
 LEAN, S. that part of flefh which i<; en- 
 tirely minl'ulou.':, without any fat. 
 
 LE.VNLY, Adv. wanting fat or ficlh ; 
 meagerlv ; thinly. 
 
 LEA'NNESS, S. want of flelh; want of 
 fat. F'guratively, want of money. " The 
 •' kanr.rj: rf his purfe." Shak. 
 
 To LEAP, V. l<i.lhla^an. Sax Ao^<>r«,Rclg ] 
 to jump or move forwards with the fett clofe 
 togetlier j to nifli with viol-nce; to throw the 
 ■w hole body forwards by a fpring from any 
 place, without any change of the feet ; to 
 hoimd or ipring ; to fly or (Tart. To embrace 
 or copul.'.tij, applied to beads. 
 
 LE.-iP, S. a bound, I'piing, or jump; a fud- 
 <^cn or abrupt tianfition. 1 he aft of copula- 
 tion, applied to bcall?. 
 
 LEA'P-FROG, S. a play wherein children. 
 Je:ip over each other. 
 
 LEA'P-YEAR, S. every fourth year, fo 
 culled from its leaping or advancing a day 
 jnore that year than any other ; fo that thc 
 ycar has then 566, and February 29 days. 
 See ^(fcvule. 
 
 To LEARN, V. A. yniynan, or hornian, 
 Sax.] to improve by inllruftion 5 to teach. 
 " Had tl'.ou Hf't karnsdmehovi." Sbak. To 
 get intelligence ; to take example from. 
 " Learn of me." Matt. xi. 29. In many Eu- 
 ropean languages the fame word fignifies to 
 karn and to teach, ;. c. to gain and impart 
 knowledge. 
 
 LEA'RNED, Adj. hiving the mind im- 
 proved by fiudy and inflruft on, by obferva- 
 tion and reading; (killed} Ikilful j expert; 
 knowing. 
 
 LEA'RNEDLY, Adv. with great appear- 
 ance of extenfive reading, deep rtudy, and 
 diligent obierv.ition. 
 
 LEA'RNING, S. fkill in languages or fci- 
 cnces ; fkill in any thing. 
 
 LEA'RNER, S. one uho is yet under the 
 tuition of another ; one who is acijuiring 
 fome a't or fcience. 
 
 LE.'^SE^, S. [Ic'.Ti, Sax. la-ffcr, Fr.] a con- 
 ix--i(\ by which houles or lands are paricd 
 with, or granted to another, for a ccrtuin 
 term of ytars. Figuruively, any tenure, or 
 rigl'.t by which a peifon enjoys a thing. 
 
 To LEASE, V. A. to kt nut by leafe. 
 
 To l.EASE, V. A. [IHrn, fielg.J to glean, 
 01 gather corn that lies icntcrcd after the 
 Ji.ii V( ft is carried in. 
 
 I.,EA'SER,S. a gkancr ; one that gathcr<^ 
 corn after the rcapcrji. 
 
 LEASH, S. in Hunting, three creatures of 
 the fame fort, applied ciilicr t*) dogs, liares, 
 ff, anycollcftion coiidfiing of three in nimn- 
 
 L E C 
 
 her ; a band wherewith any thing is tieJ. 
 
 To LEASH, V. A. to bind ; to couple, cr 
 hold in a firing. '■'■Lrajht in like hounds. "^/:ak. 
 
 LEAST, Adj. f the fuperlative of little, the 
 comparative of which is Icfi, from laj}. Sax. J 
 fmaller tlian all others ; exceeding others ia 
 fm.-illnefs. 
 
 LEAST, Adv. in the lowed degree ; lefs 
 than any other way. yJt k'jjl, or kafttvife; to 
 fay no more ; to mention only in the lowcft. 
 degree. 
 
 LEA'S Y Adj. flimfey ; of a weak texture. 
 
 LEA'THE1< , S. f pronounced lethcr ; kther. 
 Sax.] the hides of heiiQs drcllcd and tanned. 
 
 LEA'THER-COAT, S. an apple, focalkd 
 from the roughnefs of its tind. 
 
 LEA'THER-DRESSER, S. he who 
 drcfles hides, and makes leather. 
 
 LEA'THERY, Adj. refcmbling leather. 
 
 LEA'THERN, Adj. [/(</«», Teut. lidereir, 
 Belg.] made of leather. 
 
 LEA'THER-SELLER, S. one who fells 
 leather. 
 
 LEAVE, S. [Icafe, Sax.] permidion to do 
 any thing ; allouance or confenl j farewel ; 
 adieu; compliment or ceremony paid before 
 a perfon's departure. 
 
 To LEAVE, Adj. [preter, I kft, or ta-vt 
 left, psrt. padive, left] to quit, abandon, de- 
 part from, or deiert ; to appeal to, or to per- 
 mit wi hout oppolition. " I lea-vc the reader 
 " to judge." Lccke. To ceafe to do ; to de- 
 fid, " Lei:fe caring for the afles." I Sam, 
 ix. 5. To Ica-je out, to omit ; to negleft. 
 Ufed with to, to bequeath by will. 
 
 LEA'VED, Adj. covered with leaves ; made 
 with folds. " Two iea'vcd.'" Ifai.%\v. I 
 
 LEA'VEN, Adj. [pronounced lei'd ; k' 
 ■vahi, Fr.J ferment mixed with any mafs to 
 make it light, particularly ufed of four dough 
 mixed in a mafs of bread. Figuratively, any 
 mixture which makes a general change in a 
 mafs. 
 
 To LEA'VEN, V. A. to ferment with fomc- 
 thing mixed, applied particularly to that of 
 four dough mixed with a mafs of bread. Fi- 
 guratively, to t^tint ; to corrupt ; or imbue. 
 
 LE.\'V1NGS, S. a remnant; a refidue j 
 relicks, applied to perfons. Offals, applied 
 to meat. 
 
 To LECH, V. A. \ lecher, Fr.] to lick 
 oyer. " Had thou yet leched the Athenian's 
 " eyes .'" Shak. 
 
 LF.'CTION, S. [leclio, Lat.] a reading j a 
 variety in the copies of a book. 
 
 LE'CTURE, S. [Fr.] a difcourfe upon any 
 fubjeft read or pronounced in public ; a (harp 
 reproof or reprimand. 
 
 To LECTURE, V. A. to indruain a fel; 
 or public difcourfe ; to reprimand, or reprove 
 in an infoient or magederial manner. 
 
 LE'CTUREK , S. one who publickly pio- 
 nounces a difcourfe on any fnl)je£l ; a perfoii 
 who is chofen by a paridi to preach in a ciuirch 
 on a Sunday in the afternoon, and paid by vo- 
 
 luni.uy
 
 LEG 
 
 luntary fubfciiption ; a perfon appointed by 
 will to preach at a certain time, with a falarj 
 for his trouble, 
 
 LE'CTURESHIP, S. the employ or office 
 of a le£luier. 
 
 LEDGE, S. [I'eggon, Belg.] a row or layer. 
 " The lowed icdge or row fhoiild be mf rely 
 " of flone." Wattov, A ridge riling nbovt 
 the other parts of a furface ; any prominence 
 or riling part ; a final! or narrow Ihelf fixed 
 again (1 a wall or wainfcot. 
 
 LE'D-HORSE, S. afumpter or flats hcrfe. 
 LEE, S. [lie, Fr.] dregs or fediment of 
 2ny liquor : fcldom uQd in the lingular. 
 Among Sailors, that pwrt uliich is oppolite to 
 the wind. A /ee [I:ort is that on wbicii the 
 wind blows. 
 
 LEECH, S, {kl, ox led, Goth.] a kind of 
 vvitcr ferpenr, ufed to draw blood in fuch 
 cafes where the lancet might not be fafe, or 
 vvhtre it might be too much dreaded by the 
 patient. 
 
 LEEK, S. \lecc. Sax.] in Botany, the/io;-- 
 rum : it is included in the fame clafs with gar- 
 lic by Linnaus, but Miller makes it a diftin<[t 
 genus, having tA-.o fpecies. 
 
 LEER, S. [/ /c^/f, Sax ] a fide view ; the 
 acfl of looking aflounce, or by a ftolen view. 
 Figuratively, a laboured and affcdted call of 
 the countenance. 
 
 To LEER, V. N. to look at by turning 
 the eyeballs to one corner, or by flealing a 
 fide view ; to look at with an affcded or dif- 
 fcmblcd calf of the countenance. 
 
 LFET, S. [kt/je] a little court held with- 
 in a manor, a'ld called the king's court, be- 
 caufe it originally took iis authorityof punifli 
 ing ctfences irom the crown, whence it is de- 
 rived to inferior pcrfons. Kitcb, 6. 
 
 LEE'WARD, Adj. [from /^^ and wmj-^, 
 Sax.] oppofite the wind. See Lee. 
 
 LEFT, Adj. \/,fte, Belg. from /^tus, 
 Lat.] that fide which is oppofite to the right ; 
 that fide of an animal on which the heart is 
 Situated. 
 
 LEFTHA'NPED.Adj.ufing the left hand 
 more frequent. y than the tight. 
 
 LEG, S. [kg, Dan. fe^gur, 1(1.1 the limb 
 by which tie body is fupported', and by 
 means of which we walk, beninnin<T from 
 the knee, and reaching to the foot. Figura- 
 tively, that by which any thing is fupported. 
 " The/i'o-of a table, or chair." 
 
 LE'G/'.CY, S. [kgatuw, L.at.] anything 
 given by will. 
 
 LE'GAL, Adj. [/ega, Lat.] done or word- 
 ed agreeable to the laws ; lawful. 
 
 LEGA'LJTY, S. | /tgalite; Fr ] the quality 
 of being agreeable to, or confillcnt with, the 
 laws. 
 
 LE'GALLY, Adv. in a manner agreeable 
 to, cr confident with, the laws 
 
 LE'GATARY S. I h'^'2tc!rc,¥r. h-gatum, 
 
 ^at.] one that has fomething left him by will. 
 
 L£'GATF,S. [Agat,i't.l(gjto,hA.] a 
 
 LEG 
 
 deputy, anVjaffidor, or one commifTioned t» 
 tranfKft affairs for another; a coi-nmilTioner 
 deputed by the pope to tranfa<fl affairs belong- 
 ing to tlie holy fee. 
 
 LEGATE'E, S. ffrom hgatum, Lat.] one 
 who has fomething left himby will. 
 
 LE'GATINE, Adj. made by, or belong- 
 ing to, a legate of the pope. 
 
 LEG A'tlON, S. (kgatio, Lat ] miffion ; 
 deputation^ commiflion ; cmbady ; or the 
 Itateof a perfon fent and authorifed to tranf- 
 aft bufinefs for another, 
 
 LEGA'TOR, S. [kgatio, of %o, Lat.] 
 one who makes a will, and bequeaths legacies. 
 LE'GE.ND, S, [legcnda, Lat.] originally a 
 book, in the Roman church, containing the 
 ledbns that were to be read in divine fervicc: 
 from hence the word was applied to the hi- 
 ftories of the lives of faints, becaiife chapters 
 were read out of them at matins ; but as the 
 golden legend, compiled by James de Varafe, 
 about the year 1290, contained in it feveral 
 ridiculous and romantic ftories, the word is 
 now ufed by Pioteflants to lignify any incre- 
 dible or inaiithentic narrative. 
 
 LE'GtR,S. ffpclt \\ktvi;\k ledger, le'idgery 
 ^r le'tgcr ; from legger, Belg, j any thing that 
 ies or remains in a place. AUgtr hook, is 
 that'vihich lies in a compting-houfe, contain- 
 ing the journal methodized in fuch a manner, 
 that a perfon may, at one view, fee the ftate 
 of every perfon's account, with whom he has 
 dealings, 
 
 LE'GERDEMAINTjS [Fr.] fiightof hand; 
 the power of deceiving the eye by the quick- 
 nefs in which a perfon moves his hands. 
 
 LEGE'RITY, S. {kgenu, Fr.J lightnefs; 
 nimblenefs, or aftivity, " Y'it'i^legcrhy ."' Slak. 
 Not in life. 
 
 LEG'GED, Adj, having legs ; fupported 
 by legs. 
 
 LE'GIRLE, Adj, Ikgmih, Lat.] fuch as 
 
 may be read j apparent ; difcoverablc. " Opi- 
 
 " nions are legilk in their countenances." Col, 
 
 LK'GIBLY, Adv, in fuch a manner as 
 
 may be read, 
 
 LE'GION, S. {legto, Lat.] a body of fol- 
 ditrs in the Roman army. It con filled both 
 ot" horfe and foot, and contained in it both 
 light and heavy armed foldiers Figuratively, 
 an army or military force ; anygre.it number. 
 " Not in the /cTMw- of horrid hell." Shak. 
 
 LE'GION ARY, Adj. \leghr,ar\ui, Lat] 
 btlonyiiig to a legion ; cont'.ining a legion j 
 containing any great or indefinite number. 
 " Make up the /.'^;o;;rf/_)' body of error. "/"rcwT:. 
 LEGI-SLA'TION, S. [from lcg\Jl,xtlo, 
 I, at. ] the a(fl of giving laws, or the fciencc 
 of government. 
 
 LECJl'SEATIVE, ^dj. [accentedby fome 
 on the third fyllablc, kgijiat'ive\ giving or 
 making laws. 
 
 LEGISLA'TOR, S. [Lat. hgifljteuy, Fr.] 
 a lrtwi;iver, or one who makefc laws for awy 
 community. 
 
 LEGIS-
 
 L E I 
 
 L E N 
 
 LEGISLA'TURE, S. the power of mak- 
 ing, alti-iing, or repeaiing laws. 
 
 LI Gl'l IMACY, S. [i'romJcgitJwate] the 
 quality of being born of parents lawfully mar- 
 ried ; lawful iicfs -cf Liilli. 
 
 LEGI'TIMATE, Adj. [kghlmui, Lit.] 
 born in marriage. 
 
 To LEGI'TIMATE, V. A. [legit}n:cr,Yv.'] 
 to communicate the rights of a perfoii born in 
 marriage to one that is a baftarH. Figura- 
 tively, to aiulioiize, or make lawful. 
 
 LEG] riM \' TION, S. [Fr.] iawfulnefs of 
 birth ; the quality of being born in marriage. 
 
 LEGU'ME, or LEGU'MEN, S. [legume, 
 Fr. legumcn, Lat.] feiJs '.x hich are not rtapej, 
 but gathered Ly the hanJ j pulfc, or all larger 
 fcc.ls in generil. 
 
 LEGLI'MINOUS, Adj. \!'g:ir,:',>icux, Fr.J 
 belonging to, or coniilHng of puiie 
 
 LEICESTER, S. the capital unJ county- 
 town of Leic.iljnTii; '.. ■ In the time of the 
 Romans h waG called P"g^'^, or Rata Conta- 
 vonim, as being on the fr.'rewny, and Roman 
 coins diicovered hcic. It {lands on the river 
 Scare, anciently the Leir ; hence its deriva- 
 tion is a city or cai'.le on the Leir, and it is 
 half way fi.rrodnded by the- river. It is a very 
 ancient place, was the fee of a bi.Oiop, and is 
 faid to have had once 2 parilh-churches in 
 it. The firlt law ( C h .rning heretics, by 
 vhkhlorJ Cobhamand others fuffcred death, 
 was made in a parliament held here in the 
 reinn of king Henry V. declaring the fa- 
 vourers of Wickliff's doftrine heretics and 
 traitors. In tl.c civil wars it was heheged by 
 kingCharles the I. and taken by flormMayj r , 
 1645, when his army gave the garrifon no 
 quarter, hanged fome of the committee, and 
 plundered the inhabitants. Sir T homa? Fair- 
 tux not coming foon enough to relieve the 
 place, bcfieged it again, and forced the new 
 garrifon to iuircnder upon terms. At prelcnt 
 this is the largcft, belt built, and mofi; popu- 
 lous town in the (hire : it is a borough and 
 corporation, goverr.ed by a mayor, &f. who 
 returns two members to parliament, and had 
 ■its firll charter from king John. Its weekly 
 iTiirkct on Saturday is well furnlfhed with 
 provificns, efpccially corn ; the freemen of 
 
 t!ie W. by Warwicklhire, and on the N. ^v 
 Derbylhire and Nottingharnllnre. It is paii'.i 
 from Warwickthire by the militaiy way 
 called WatUng ftreet, and from Northampton ■ 
 Ihirc by t!;e rivers Wclland and Avon the 
 Leis. It lies in the diocefe of Lincoln, under 
 the arclideacon of Lticeder. It is in the n-.iJ- 
 laiui circuit, is 33 miles long, 28 broad, and 
 uc in coi!:p;ffs ; containing 560,000 acres, 
 2C0 p-riljies, fiX hundreds, 13 market-to'Ans. 
 10 p.-rks, and y'-out 111,212 inhabitants. Iv 
 fends only four members to parliament, 
 nanipiy, two for the county, and the like 
 number for the town of Leicefler. 
 
 LEl'SURABLE, Adj. [from klfure] done 
 at leifure; done graduaiiy, or without hurry ; 
 enjoying Itifure. 
 
 LEl'Sl'RABLY, Adv. at leifure ; gradu- 
 ally, or withotit hurry or tumult. 
 
 LEfSURE, S. [iJjir, Fr.] freedom from 
 bufinefs or hurry ; vacant tirrie; convenience 
 of time. 
 
 LEI'SURELY, Adj. deliterafely ; flowly; 
 gradually. ; ' 
 
 LEMP^A, S. fxr.,u^a, Cr. I:r<me, Fr.] In 
 ?J.itliem;itics, a kind of poCuIatum or propo- 
 lltion, previoully alliimed cr laid down, to 
 render any demon llration or problem more 
 clear and cafy. 
 
 LE'MON, S. f/"w£ia, Fr.] the fruit of the 
 lemon tree. LinnEiis places it in the eigh- 
 teentli feCt of his fecond clafs, joining it with 
 the citron and orange. The fpccies arethrfc. 
 
 LEMONA'DE, S. [/w.c«..-^^, Ital ] a li- 
 quor made of >«ater, Irmon-juicc and fugar. 
 
 '1 o LEND, V. A. ['.inan, hlar.an. Sax.] to 
 let a perfon have any thing on condition of 
 rctnining it when demanded ; to permit 3 
 perfon to ufe a thing on condi:ion ot its be- 
 ing reftorcd. 
 
 LP^NDER, S. one who permits another 
 to ufe any thing on condition of returning it 
 when demanded. 
 
 LtNGTH, S. [far, leni-g, lettg. Sax.] the 
 extent of a thing from one end to another ; a 
 certain fpace, portion, or extent of place or 
 time ; long continuance or prt)tra£lion , 
 " Lcngib of days." Dyyd. Reach, extent or 
 degree ; the end or latier part of any time af- 
 
 Lcicefler are exempted fiom paying toll in alJn figncd. j^t lengtf., at lad 
 
 the fairs and markets in England. In tiie 
 hioh-flrect is an excellent piece of workman- 
 ship in form of our Saviour's crofs. The 
 moft curious reliqne of antiquity prcfrrved 
 here, is a piece of r^^Iofaic pavement at the 
 bottom of a cellar, reprelenting the flory ot 
 Aftfon torn to pieces by his own hounds : it 
 is nf mofl cxquilite workmanfliip, the (tones 
 'tieini;;on!v white and brown, and very fme.U. 
 J^ciccfier lies 98 miles from London, lat. 52 
 deg. 37 min. N. Jong, i izg. 7 min. W. 
 
 LEI'CESTERSHIRE, S. an inland coun- 
 ty of Enj.'land,i!mofl of a circular figure. It is 
 boundtd fen the E. by Linconlfbirc and Rut- 
 Lndlliire, on the S. by NorthamptoriJhire, on 
 
 ■Jo LE'NGTHEN, V. A. tomake longer; 
 to continue or protratft the duration ot any 
 thing. Sometimes ufed with out by way of 
 emphafis, to pioiraO ; to extend to a longer 
 frace of time. " '1 o A«^ftK« «;<; his date." 
 Diyd. 
 
 LE'NGTIiWISE, Adv. according to the 
 length ; with the end forcmolt. 
 
 LE'NIE.NT, Adj. [hiikns, Lat.] lefTcniBg; 
 rendering lefs painful or violent. Laxative, 
 Or foftening, applied to medicines. " Oils 
 " are kfiirKt," ^■liiutb. 
 
 To LE'NIFY, V. A. \leiilfier, old Fr.] to 
 render lefs painful or violent ; to afli:age. 
 " To/t'J'/y the pain." D'-vd, 
 
 L£'-
 
 LEO 
 
 LE'NITIVE, Adj. [!c7!i:;f, Fr.] leffcaing 
 any pain ; foftening or emollient. 
 
 LE'NITIVE, S. any thing applied to eafe 
 pain ; anything ufcd to palhatc. 
 
 LE'NITY, S. [kfiiras, hut.] mildnefs ; a 
 tendernefs of difpofition, exercifed in over- 
 looking fmali faults, and punifhing great ones 
 vvithiut rigour or feverity. 
 
 LEN, S. [Lat ] in Dioptrics, a fmall 
 roundifh gbls of the figure of a Icn'dl, gene- 
 rally applied to glafs that is convex on both 
 fides, but fometiines extended to fignify any 
 optical glafs whatever. 
 
 LtNT, S. [Unten, Sax. lent, Eelg.] a time 
 fet apart for abftinence by the church, con- 
 fiftijig of forty days, which receives its name 
 from its happening in the fpring. It is fup- 
 pofed by Jerom, Leo, and Aufiin, to ha^e 
 been inftitnted even by tlie apoftles theni- 
 felves, becaiifeit is not enjoined in any 
 council j and in thofe of Nice, Laodicea, &c. 
 in Tertullian, and in feme of theoldeft fa- 
 thers, is mentioned as a pradice of fome 
 ftanding. 
 
 LE'NTEN, Adj. fuch :.s is ufed in Lent ; 
 abflinent, or fp.it Ing. *• A kr.un fallad cooi'd 
 *♦ her blood." Dryd. 
 
 LENTl'CULAR, Adj. [kntlculah-e, Fr.] 
 
 having the form of a lens, or burning glafs. 
 
 LE'NTIFORM, Adj. [lei'.s, -anA forrna, 
 
 Lat.] in the form of a lens; fhaned like a lens. 
 
 LE'NTIGO, S. [Lat.] a frecklyor fcurfy 
 
 eruption upon tlie ikin. 
 
 LE'NTIL, S, [kmile, Fr.J a plant, called 
 likewifc vetches. 
 
 LE'NTISC, S. [kntlfque, F. knufcus, Lat.] 
 a beautiful evergreen tree, which produces 
 gum maftich. 
 
 LE'NTOR, S. [Lat. knteur, Fr.] tenacity, 
 or vifcofity, applied to the confillcnce of bo- 
 dies. Slowncls or delay, applied to motion. 
 In Medicine, applied to fizy, vifcid, coagu- 
 lated blood. 
 
 LE'NTOU.=^, Adj. [kr.tus^Uil.] vifccus ; 
 tenacious, applied to the confiilence of bodies. 
 " In this fJDawn of a kntoui and tranfparcnt 
 *' body." £ri':un. 
 
 LE'OD, [from the Sax.]/«^ in the compo- 
 fition of names, (ignifics people. AsLeadgar, 
 one of great interefi with the people. 
 
 LE'OF [from the Sax ] in the compofitlon 
 lof names implies lovej thus Lcftvin, is a win- 
 ner of love. Le'jfjiar., bed beloved. 
 
 LE'ONINE, Adj. [Uonhw, Lat.] belong- 
 ing to a lion. In Poetry, a kind of verfes, the 
 middle of which always chimes or rhimes 
 with the end, fo named from Leo, the fuppof- 
 ed invf ntor, as, " Ut s\\.t%fanam, de potibus 
 " accipe ccenam.'''' 
 
 LEOTARD, S. [from /fa, Lat. and /-^r- 
 dm, Lac] a large v.ild beafv, refembling a Cit 
 both in its,i<ftions and fhape ; its he:*l, teeth, 
 tongiir", cbws, feet, tail, being like thole of 
 that animal ; it boxes wiih its forefeet, as a 
 ot does her kiuens : leaps at its prey as a 
 
 LET 
 
 cat at a moufe ; and will fpit much after the 
 fame manner. 
 
 L^:'PER, S, [/.;,,•«, /f;,r5/«,, Lat.] a perfoH 
 infc<ftcd with a leprofy. 
 
 Lh'PORINE, Adj. [A'/«r;w/j,r, St.] belong- 
 ing to a hare • having the nature of a iidre. 
 
 LKPRO'SITY, S. [from u^. ^u,,, Lat] a 
 difeaie wherein the Ikin fcaies otf Applied 
 to xTirlals, the quality of ruhing, or wearing 
 away in fcdles. A foalnefs. *' The /.>,y..jof 
 " metals." Bac, 
 
 LE'PRO.SY, S. [K£,rpa, Gr.] a foul .-^r^aib 
 appearing on the Ikin in dry, white, icurfy 
 fcabs or fcaies, whicif cover the whole body, 
 or fume part of it. 
 
 LE'PROUS, Adj. [kpprax, Fr. >/;-«/}«, 
 Lat.] infeftcd with a leprofy. 
 
 LESS, a negative anJ privative termina- 
 tion from Ic'as, kaje, S.ix. laus, Goth, kife, 
 Cimbr. or has, Belg. Joined to a fubdantive 
 it implies the abfence orpiivation of thething 
 expreilcd by that fubftantive, as, SbamckfSf 
 
 ChUdkj!, fithcrkji. 
 
 LEbS, Adj. ['the comparative degree tti 
 Ijttk ; from !tes, Sax. l.Jfu, RufT.] that whicli 
 on comparifon is not found as big or great as 
 the thing it is compared with. 
 
 LESSEE', S. [from knfe] the perfoa to 
 whom a Icafe is given. 
 
 To LE'SSEN, V.A. [from kf^] todiminifh 
 the bulK, quantity, or qiialtyof any thing. 
 NcutPily, to grow lefs, (hrink, orcontvaft. 
 
 LE'SSES, S. [b£h,Yu] the dimgof beafts 
 left on the grqund. 
 
 LE'SSON, S. [k^on, Fr.] any thing read 
 and repeated to ate.ichei by a f-holar; a pre- 
 cept, or notion iuciiicatefi by tciching; a por- 
 tion of fciiptiire read in divine fcrvice ; a tune 
 pricked f -r a muficnl inllrument, and taught 
 by a mufic mailer to his pupil j a remon- 
 flrance, reprimand, or rating ledfture. 
 
 To LE'SSON, V. A. to teach or inftru£l, 
 " Well haft thou kjjincd u%:' Shai. 
 
 LESSOR, S. one who lets any thing by 
 leafe. 
 
 LEST, Conj. [from ka^] for fear that ; 
 in order to prevent. 
 
 To LET, V. A. [la-taK, Sax ] to permit, 
 allow, or grant ; to put to hire ; to grant to a 
 tenant. To kt hkcd, to open a vein, fo as the 
 blood may flow out. To inttufl with ; to ad- 
 mit. " To /ff mro the fecrets. '' iSfcb. No. 
 483. To U: cdf, to difcharge, applied to the 
 difcharge of artillery. I o obllruO j to hinder 
 or oppofe, from kttan, Sax. Tefore the firlt 
 perfon fmgular it implies rcfolution, fixed 
 purpcfe, carnrflnefs. and ardent wilh, " Let 
 " rue die the death of the righieou.«." Nuir.b. 
 xxiii. 10. Refcre the firlt pcrfo.i plural, it 
 implies exhortation. " KWe; ktui'-o." IVJa-k. 
 Before the third perfon fingular anri plural, it 
 implies permifnon or conimn.'-.d. " La the 
 '• loidicv feizehim." Dryd. B;'fcr( a th^ng 
 in the pafilve, it implies a pofitive ttin.iiand. 
 *' Lit :i:.< le j'.^f." Dryd,
 
 LEV 
 
 LEV 
 
 LET, S. an obftacle, hlndiMnce, or ob-! without any Inequalities, applied to furf.icC. 
 jtlruclion. ] To make ot the lame height with any thing 
 
 LET, wCcd at the end of fubftantivcs, is elfe ; to niikeor lay flat ; ic reduce to a con- 
 derived from lyt. Sax. and fignifies little or dilion equal to that of another ; to aim ; to 
 fmall. Thus ow/, muksj c'l'let, a little or point a piece of ordnance in taking aim; ti> 
 fmall owl, und oi t-flglf, is formed ejglct, aj be in thefame diretkion,or even with a mark ; 
 
 imail or little eagle. 
 
 LETHA'RGiC, Adj. \letharg]jue, Fr. j 
 fleepy ; of the nature of a lethargy. 
 
 LbLTHA'RGICNESSjS. Ilecpincfs; drow- 
 fmefs. 
 
 LE'THARGED, Adj. fcized wit): a Ic 
 thargy ; laid alleep or entranced. " llisdif- 
 " cernings — are Utharged.'" Shak. 
 
 LK'THARGY, S. Iklhargte, Fr. X>!ea?>.ia, 
 from Xr,3>), and if/ia, Gr.] a Jiftafe conhlling 
 of a profound drowhuefs, or llcep, from 
 whence aperfou cannot be ealily waked. 
 
 LE'THE, S. ( >irj9ii, from Aav9avo^a(, Gr.] 
 oblivion ; forgetful nefs ; a flate of forgetful- 
 nefs. " Lt-fZ)€ the river of oblivion." Milt. 
 
 LE'TTER, S. a charader either in print- 
 ing or writing, by which is exprefied any 
 of the fimple founds, of which fyllables are 
 compofed ; a written melTage ; a writing 
 whereby a perfon communicates his fenti 
 ments to another at a dillance ; any thing to 
 be read ; a type with wiiich books are 
 , printed. In the plural, Icariiing. " A man 
 *' of ktteri." 
 
 To LE'TTER, V. A. to mark or ftamp 
 with letters 
 
 LE'TTERED, Adj. learned ; converfant 
 in, and improved by reading ; marked with 
 letters. " Gilt and lettered.^' 
 
 LE'TTER-FOUNDER, S. one who caQs 
 the letters or types ufed in printing. 
 
 LE'TTUCE, S. [lacl^ca, Lat.J a plant 
 whicii derives its name from the milky juice 
 with which it abounds. 
 
 LE'VANT, Adj. [Fr."| raifing or making 
 turbulent. " Forth ruih the Lfoan; and the 
 " ponent winds." Far. Loji. Eallern. 
 
 LEVA'NT, S. the eafl, particularly thofe 
 coalU of the Mediterranean that are eaft of 
 Italy. 
 •LEVA'TOR, S. [Lat, | a furgeon's inrtru 
 
 to aim or make attempts. " York did k'vet 
 " at thy crown." Shak. 
 
 LEVEL, S. a plane, or fmrface without 
 any inequalities. Figuratively, a rate; ftand- 
 ard, or condition, " Above my ordinary k- 
 " iiil." Dryd. A (late of equilky. In Me- 
 chanics, an inflrument uftd by maibns to re- 
 gulate their work, A rule. " Be the fair 
 " l--uelo{ thy actions laid." Prior. The line 
 of direction in which any piece of ordnance 
 is placed. 
 
 LE;V£LLER, S. one that makes any 
 thing even. 
 
 LE'VELLING, S. the art or aft of find- 
 ing a line parallel to the horizon, at one 
 or more ftations, in order to determine 
 the heighth of one place with refpeft to 
 another, for laying grounds even, regulating 
 defcents, draining morafles, conducing wa- 
 ter, i^c. 
 
 LE'VELNESS, S, evennefs or quality. 
 
 LE'VER, S. [^Icvier, Fr.] in Mechanics, 
 the fecond, if not the firft, of the mechani- 
 cal powers. 
 
 LE'VERET, S. [Uevre, Fr.] a young hare, 
 in the firft year. 
 
 LE'VET, S. [le-vtr, Fr.] the bLd or found 
 of a trumpet. " On which he blew as ftrong 
 " a Icz-et." Hudib. 
 
 LE'VIABLP:, Adj. [from Injl that which 
 may be levied or forced to be paid. ^'■Leviable 
 " by^ourfc of law." Bac. 
 
 LEVLVTHAN, S. [Heb.] the crocodile. 
 Commentators are much divided in their 
 opinions concerning this word, fome ma- 
 king it the wliale ; but if we conhder the 
 defcription given of it in yob xli. we fhall 
 find criteria enough to reftrain it to the cro- 
 codile. 
 
 To LE'VIGATE, V. A. [la'vigatuu Lat. 
 of lafigc, Lat.] to grind to an impalpable 
 
 ment, whereby the deprelled parts of the (kullj powder between two ftones ; to mix liquors 
 sre lifted up. In Anatomv, applied to thofe! till they become fmooth and incorporated 
 
 lufcles which lift up or vaifc llic parts to 
 which they are f,-liened. 
 
 LELCOPHLE'GAL'ICY, S. [from Xtvxoc, 
 and<fiXej'/xa,Gr.]akindofadrcpfy, eonfilling, 
 in a white flabby tumor all over the body. 
 
 LEUCOPHLEGMA'TIC, Adj. troubled 
 with 3 leucophlegniacy,rir wliite ftubby tumor. 
 
 LEVEE', S. I Fr.l the time of rifing. Fi- 
 guratively, an aiicmb'y of perfocs meeting 
 together in a great man's houfe, to pay him 
 compliments on his rllmg. 
 
 LE'VEL, Adj. [/afi, Sax. /;V<r/, Fr. //w/A,! 
 Span.] even, or not having one pait higher 
 tiian another ; in the finne line with any thing 
 • elfe equal in perfeftion or dignity. 
 
 To LE'VEL, V. A. 'to msfee. even, ov 
 
 LEVIGA'TION, S. the aft of reducing 
 hard bodies, fuch ns coral, into a fubtile pow- 
 der, by grinding them on a marble flone. 
 
 LEVl'TE, S. {k-yua, Lat. Uvn^i, Gr. 
 from Levi, Jacob's third Ton] one of the tribe 
 of Levi, who Was by inheritance an inferior 
 kind of minifler in the Jewilh tabernac.'e atid 
 temple, having the care of the facred utenlils, 
 andlomewh t refembl'mg in degree the dea- 
 cons among Chriftians. A prieft ; ufed as a 
 word of contempt, when applied toaChriftian 
 minifter. 
 
 LEVI'TIC.^L, Adj. belonging to or de- 
 fcend.vl from the Lcvites ; e.\crcifcd by, or 
 confined to, the Levitcs. 
 
 LL'VITY, S. [A-w,v.s Lat.] iightnefs, or 
 
 want
 
 L I B 
 
 want of weight ; inconftancy, cr changeable- 
 neis ; unfteadincfs ; trifling gaiety ; want of 
 ferioufneis. 
 
 To LE'VY, V. A. [k-ver, Fr.] to raifeor 
 bring together, applied to armies. " Le-u'nd 
 *' a mighty army." Da'vies. To raife or coi- 
 \e€t money as a tax or fine. " He fhoulJ 
 " k'vy fuch a fiim of money.'" Clarcr.d. In 
 Law, to pals ; thus, to lety a fine, is to pafs 
 a fine. 
 
 LE'VEY, S. the aifl: of raifing men or 
 money. War laiftd. " Malice domeiUc, 
 " foreign Ifvcy ." Slak. 
 
 LRWD, Adj. [laivede. Sax.] wicked, bad, 
 or vicious. " Void of learning or kivd in life." 
 Wl.itgift, At prefcnt it is confined to fignify 
 luftful, or being loft to all fenfc of modclly. 
 *' Lolling in a lewd love bed." Shak, 
 
 LEWDLY, Adv. wickedly or vicioudy 
 " A fort of naughty ptrfons Uii-dly bent." 
 Shak. LurtfuUy : the hfl: lenfe feems to be 
 the only one in which it isufed at prefent. 
 
 LEWDNESS, S. the tjiiality of giving a 
 loofctoluft, or indulging fuch actions and in- 
 clinations as are inconfiftent with modefly. 
 
 LEW'DSTER, S. a perfon that indulges 
 luft or criminal pleafure. " Againlt luch 
 " kiudjlers " ^tak. Seldom ufcd. 
 
 LEW'ISD'OR, [Fr. pronoanceJ l.-ac 
 d'ore] a golden French coin, having fix L's 
 crofling each other on the reverfe, valued at 
 twelve liwes, or feventeen (hillings Englifh. 
 
 LEXICO'GRAPHER, S. [iexkogn>phe, 
 from Xf^ip^ov, and ■ypa<S>a), Gr.] a writer or 
 compiler of di(ftionaries or books, wherein 
 the etymologies and meaning of words are 
 explained. 
 
 LEXICO'GRAPHY, ?. [See Lexkogra- 
 phtr'\ the art or pra^ice of writing diftiona- 
 ries. • 
 
 LE'XICON, S. [-Kil^x^v, from Xe^.?, from 
 f-tyo), Gr.] a book containing the explana- 
 tion of words: generally confined to thofe 
 which contain the explanation of words in the 
 Greek, or oriental languages. 
 
 LEY, LEE, Lay, in compofition of 
 names, are derived from kag, Sax. and fignify 
 a field, 
 
 LEY, S. [/o;, Fr.] in Law, a word intro- 
 duced by the Normans, IHll ufed in law 
 books; as, ^' Terms deky." i.e. Terms in 
 the law. 
 
 LI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr. from Ikr, old Fr.] 
 obnoxious ; fubjei^ to ; not exempt from. 
 
 LI'AR, S. one who wilfully and delibe- 
 rately te.ls a f ilAhood. 
 
 LIBA'TION, S, [libatk, Lat.] the aft of 
 pouring wine on the ground in divine wor- 
 Ihip. Figuratively, the wine fo poured. 
 
 LTBEL, S. \libclk, Fr. lUeUus, Lat. a 
 fmall book I a malicious afperfion, in print- 
 ing or writing, tending to blacken the repu- 
 tation of a perfon living, or the memory of 
 one that 5s dead, in order to cxpofe them to 
 ^blic contempt, hatiedj or ridicule : it is no 
 
 LIB 
 
 juflificatlon that its contents are true, or that 
 the reputation oftheperlbn was antecedently 
 bad ; for the greater appearance there is of 
 tru:h, the greater is the provocation of a libel. 
 3 hijl. 174. 5 Rep. 125, 131. Ha-wk. P. C. 
 Muor 627. 
 
 To LI'BEL, V. A. to print or publifli any 
 thing that ihall blacken the charaifter o( a per- 
 fon, and expofe him to public ridicule, con- 
 tempt or hatred ; to fpiead any defamatory 
 report, by writing or piiniiiig. 
 
 LI'BFJ^LER, S. one who fpreads a report 
 in writing which may bJacken a perfon's 
 charaificr. 
 
 LI'BELLOUS, Adj. containing fome re- 
 port which may blacken a perfon's character. 
 
 Ll'BERAL, Adj. [Fr. kieralis, Lat.] be- 
 coming a gentleman ; generous ; bountiful. 
 
 LIBERALITY, S. [k/'o-alire, Yr.Bera. 
 lltas, Lat.] bounty ; a generous difpofition of 
 mind, exerting itfelf in giving largely. 
 
 Li'BERALLY, Adv. giving in a large 
 manner, or without grudging. 
 
 LI'BERTINE, S. one who afts without 
 refirainf ; one who pays no regard to the 
 precepts of religion. In Law, a freed man, 
 or a Have who is made free, from libirtimis, 
 Lat. 
 
 LI'BFRTINE, Adj. [Ula-tU:, Fr.] licen- 
 tious ; having no refpeil to the precepts of 
 religion. 
 
 Ll'RERTINISM, S. an opinion or prac- 
 tice which is incoiihrtent wlih tlie precepts 
 of relic;ion, 
 
 LI'iJERTY, S, [n'ert:, Fr. Uhcrta:, Lat.] 
 the power in any agent to begin or take up 
 any thought, or to foibear any particular ac- 
 tion, according to the choice of the mind, 
 whereby it chufes to do one in preference to 
 another. Political kieity is a power of a<fting 
 agreeable to the laws which are ena(flcd by 
 the confent of a people, and no ways incon- 
 fideiit with the natural rights of a fingle per- 
 fon, or the good of fociety : thus it feemb to 
 be freedom, oppofed to flavery, or ntccffity. 
 A privilege ; an exemption ; an immunity ; 
 a diminution, or relaxation of reflraint ; a 
 leave or permiflilon. " I (hall take ihe liberty 
 " to confider." Lccke, 
 
 LIBI'DINOUS, Adj. lUhidkoJus, Lat.] 
 lewd ; given up to luft. 
 
 LIBl'DlNOUsLY, Adv. lewdly ; in a 
 wanton or unchafte manner. 
 
 LIRRA'RIAN, S. [librar'ius, Lat.] one 
 who has the care of a library ; one who tran- 
 fcrib°s or copies books. " This is the error 
 " of the librarian." Brsome. 
 
 LI'BRARY, S. [liirarce, Fr.] a hrge col- 
 Icrtion of books, either public or private. 
 
 To LIBRATE, V. A. [libnuus, from //- 
 bro, Lat.] to poife, balince, or counterpoife. 
 
 LIBRA'TION, S. [Fr. from Ik-rctio, Lat.] 
 
 the fiatc of being balanced. In Afironomy, 
 
 the balancing or trembling motion in the 
 
 fiimrunent, wh-ereby the declination of ttie 
 
 z fun.
 
 L I C 
 
 futi, and the latitude of the (lars, change 
 from time to time. The apparent irregula- 
 rity oif the moon, by which fhe fcems to li- 
 brate, or waver about her own axis, fomc- 
 times from the eaft to the weft, and fome- 
 times from the weft to the eaft. The liira- 
 tion of the earth, is that motion, whereby it is 
 fo reftrained in its orbit, that its axis con- 
 tinues conftantly psrallel to the axis of the 
 uorld. 
 
 Ll'BRATORY, Adj. [from librana, T.at.] 
 ■balancing ; playing like a balance. " Aftro- 
 " nomers afcribeto the moon a libratory mo- 
 " tion." Diei. Tre-j. 
 Ll'CS, plural of /c:;/s. 
 Ll'CENCE, S. [Fr. Ikentia, Lat.] con- 
 tempt of lawful and ncceftary reftniint ; a 
 grant or pcrmillion ; a liberty or confent ; a 
 power or authority given a perfon to do fome 
 lawful aft. In Canon or Ecclefiafticai Law, 
 a liberty or power granted to a perfon to mar- 
 ry without publication of bans. Among Pub- 
 licans, a liberty granted by a juftice of peace 
 for felling beer or wine, fcfr. 
 
 To Ll'CENSE, V. A. [Ikenjer, Fr.] to 
 fet at liberty ; to permit a perfon to do fome- 
 thing, which he could not without fuch 
 grant . 
 
 LI'CENSER, S. one who grants permif- 
 fion or liberty to do a thing. 
 
 LI'CEN TIATE, S. [lirentiatus, low Lat.] 
 one who ufes licence, or makes free with 
 the laws ; a degree in the Spanidi univerfities. 
 Among the college of jiiiyficians, a perfon 
 who has licence or authority given him for 
 practiCng phyfic, though not admitted a fel- 
 low of the college. 
 
 To LICE'NTIATE, V. A. [/icef^tlcr , Fr.] 
 to permit ; to authorize by licence. 
 
 LICE'NTIOUS, Adj. llkoTfieux, Fr. li- 
 centkifus, Lat.] not reftrained by law, mora- 
 lity or religion ; overflowing its bounds ; un- 
 confined. " The Tyber, whofe ikeniious 
 <i vvaves." Rofiom. 
 
 LICE'NTIOUSLY, Adv. with too much 
 liberty or freedom ; without any reftruiut 
 I'lom law, or morality. 
 
 LICE'NTIOUSNESS, S. boundlefs liber- 
 ty ; contempt or negleift of juft reftraiiit. 
 
 LICH'FIELD, or LI'TCHFIELO, S. a 
 pretty large and neat city of Staffordlhire, 
 wliich, joined with Coventry, forms one bi- 
 /l;opric. The origin of its name is this : About 
 a ihoiifiind poor people having been inftrucfled 
 by the circof Otta king of the Mercian?, 
 were all martyred in one field here by the Pa- 
 gans, hence called from tlie Saxon Lirchm- 
 JiM, I. ''• the field of dead bodies, now 
 Liu' f fid ; and on tlie fpot Ofvvay king of 
 Northumberland built a large church ; and 
 for the ftme reafon the device or field armori- 
 al of the city is ?n open field, with m.inoled 
 carcofcs lying about. The city ft.inds low, 
 and is divided into two parts by a c'ear rivu- 
 let, over which are two CiUifcways, with Unices 
 
 L I E 
 
 upon them. That part on the S. li Je Is called 
 the city, a.'^d the other the clofe, as being in- 
 clofcd within a wall, and a good deep dry 
 trench on all fides, except towards the city, 
 where it is defended by a large marfti, formed 
 by the above-mentioned brook. The cathe- 
 dral, one of the fineft in England for elegance 
 and regularity, ftands in this clofe. It was 
 rebuilt by bifhop Roger de Clinton in 114.S. 
 The weft end is richly decorated with the (ta- 
 tuesof all the kings of Jcrufalem, fromDavid 
 to the captivity. Litchfield lies 14 miles from 
 Stafford, and 118 from London. Lat. 5adeg. 
 41 m. N. long, 2 deg. 7 min. W. 
 
 Ll'CH-OWL, S. [from Ikh, and cwPj a 
 fort of owl, fo called by the vulgar, from a 
 fuppofition that it foretels death. 
 
 To LICK, V. A. [Ikean, Sax. kcken, Belg.} 
 to touch or pafs over with the tongue ; to 
 move the tongue over any thing ; to lap or 
 take in by the tongue. Ufed with u/>, to de- 
 vour. " When luxury has Ikk'd uj> all thy 
 " pelf." Pape. To fmear, or to drink up 
 any moifture. " She licks up all the dirt with 
 " her cloaths." To beat : a vulgar term. 
 
 LICK, S. a blow. " Give me a Ikk acrofs 
 " the face." Dryd. The aft of fmearing or 
 rubbing the tongue over any thing : a low 
 word. 
 
 LICKERISH, or LIC'KEROUS, Ad^ 
 [Hccra, Sax. J nice in the choice of food ; ea- 
 ger; greedy; nice; or tempting the appetite. 
 LIC'KERISHNESS, S. gluttony ; greedi- 
 nefs after dainties ; nicenefs of palate. 
 
 LIC'TOR, S. I Lat.] a beadle, who in an- 
 tient Rome, attended the confuls, and was 
 employed in apprehending criminals. 
 
 LID, S. [blid. Sax. liB, Belg.] a cover 
 which ftiuts down clofe upon, or into a vef- 
 fel ; the membrane, which covers the eye 
 when we fleep or wink, called likcwife the 
 eyelid, from aiigun lied, Teut. 
 
 LIE, S. [Fr. lag, Ital. lexia. Span.] a li- 
 quor impregnated with fome other body, fuch 
 as foap or fait. 
 
 LIE, S. \liga. Sax.] a deliberate, wilful, 
 and criminal falfehood ; a fiftion. "The 
 " truth is moral, tho' the tale a lie." Dryd. 
 See Lye, which is the propereft fpelling. 
 
 1 o LIE, V. N. [leogan. Sax.] to be guilty 
 of a wilful and criminal falfehood. 
 
 To LIE, V. N. [prcter, I hy, ha-ve lain, 
 ox lien, but the laft preter is feldomufed, 
 from liegeii. Sax.] to reft horizontally, or with 
 a great inclination upon any thing elie ; to 
 reft or lean upon ; to repofe or be in a bed. 
 To lie by, to keep in referve ; to preferve. 
 " Divers of which have I yet lying by me." 
 Boyle, 'io be placed or fituatcd. " *V"hat /?« 
 " beyond our pofitive idea." Locke. To be JH 
 afcrfon's power ; to depend on a perfon, ufed 
 willi ill. " Endeavour as much as in thee /;Vi. 
 Dup^a. To Ik in, to be in childbed. Ufed 
 with 07t, to be imputed to " Let it lie or. my 
 " hcid." But when joined with hands, to be 
 lioi blcfoJi*
 
 L I F 
 
 tronblcfomeorre.Hous, " Thofe hours that 
 ** lieufot their /i;?'c/i-." Giurdian, 
 
 LIEE", .Adj. [LoF, Sax. l:ef, Helg.] dear or 
 "beloved. " My UefcJ} liege.'"' Shak. 
 
 LIKF, AJv. willingly, or readily. '' I had 
 " as Hcfu^y': the foppery of freedom." Svak. 
 
 LIKGF,, Adj. [pronounced /ffje ; I'lge^Yv. 
 I]g!0, Ital. I bound by fome feudal tenure ; iub- 
 jea : hence Ikgcman, a fubjedt. Sovereign. 
 
 LEIGE, S. a fovereign i a fuperiorlord. 
 ♦' Pardon me, my/;V^<?."5/'^>t. 
 
 HE'GEMAN', S. a fubjc£t, " Lirgcmen to 
 the Dane." Shuk. 
 
 LlE'NrERIC, Adj. belonging to the li- 
 en re ry. 
 
 HE'NTERY, S. [from Xumit and cvrspof, 
 Cr.] a particular kind of looicnefs, wherein 
 the food pafies through the guts with little or 
 no alteration. 
 
 LI'ER, S. [from i-fl &] one thatreftsor lies 
 down J one that remains concealed. " There 
 were /ten in ambudi." ^of. viii. 14. 
 
 LIEU, S. [Fr. pronounced iuu] place; 
 loom, or (lead ; only ufed with it:, " In /'f--/ 
 *' of inch an increafe." Addif. 
 
 LIEUTE'MANCY, S. [ pronounced ^/«- 
 nancy ; from Ikutmancc. Fr.] the office oi a 
 lieutenant ; the body of lieutenants. 
 
 LIEUTE'NaNT, S. [Fr. pronounced lef- 
 teitanf-, from /irii, Fr. and tenant] a deputy, or 
 one thatiscommiffioned to aft for anolhe.'in 
 his abfence. In War, one who holds the next 
 rank to a captain, and arts in his (lead, when 
 abi'ent, or incapacitated by accidents. 
 
 LIEU rE'NANTSHIP, S. [prononnccd/./- 
 tenanfjhip] the rank or office of a lieutenant. 
 
 LIFE, S. [pluril, n-va; /if, -Sax. from 
 /ifian, Sax.] the fbte wherein the foul and 
 body are united and co-operate j the prefent 
 frate, oppofcd t0 the future ; conduft, or the 
 general manner in which a perfon behaves 
 with refped to virtue or vice ; the continuance 
 or duration of our prefent (late ; an exa£t r3- 
 fcmblance of a living form. A (hue of ve- 
 getation, or growing, applied to plants. The 
 general ftate of mankind ; manners. "Arts 
 " that polilh /ifi." Far. Loft. Spirit ; vigour ; 
 vivacity, animal beings. " Full nature fwarms 
 " with life." T/jomfon. 
 
 Ll'FE-iJLOOD, S. the blood necefTary to 
 life. 
 
 LI'FEGIVING, Adj. having the power to 
 give life. 
 
 LrFF_LESS, Adj. deprived of life ; dead. 
 Figuratively, without vigour, power, force, or 
 fpirit. " A /ifi/efs king " Prior. 
 
 LI'FELESSLY, Adv. without vigour or 
 ftrength j jejune ; frigid, or without fpirit.' 
 
 H'FELIKE, A(.1j. like a living perfon or 
 animal being. " Minerva, /^tv'ilr.' ' Pai^e- 
 
 Ll'FE-TIME, S, the continuance or dura- 
 tion of life. 
 
 LI'FE-WEARY, Adj. tired of living. 
 *' The life-iveary taker." S/jal(. 
 
 To LIFT, V.A.[A/ra, Swed. /oper, Dan] 
 
 L I G 
 
 to ralfe from the ground; to heave or hold on 
 liigh j to raife or elevate ; to r ilfe in clkeini, 
 fortune, diguitv. Neiiierly, to ftr'ive to ruife 
 by an effart of firength. 
 
 LIFT, S. the aft or mannerof raifing any 
 thing from the ground, or holding it upwards ; 
 an effeft, or flnig'^le. A d^jd lift implies an 
 effort to raife fomtihino that cannot he moved 
 with the wlioic force," and figuratively, any 
 (bte of hclplels dldre.'s, impotence or inabi- 
 lity. 
 
 LI'FTER, S. one that raifes any heavy 
 thing from the ground ; one that rJifes any 
 thint^-. 
 
 LI'GAMENT, S. [Fr. /ij:«w«r:/)'', Lat.] 
 any thing that ties or binds one thing to an- 
 other. " Th.e foul beginning to he freed from 
 " the /igawhtt of the body." Adddj. In Ana- 
 tomy, a white, tough, folid, and inflexii)ie 
 part of the l)r?dy, whofc chief ule \i to falica 
 the bones together, v.hich arc articulated for 
 motion. 
 
 LIGAME'NTAL,orLIGAME'NTOUS, 
 Adj. compofing, or of the nature of a liga- 
 ment. " A firong /ha?7ier,t'>us membrane.'" 
 ^ViJ'tmn'n, 
 
 LIGA'TION, S. [/igath, Lat.] the aft of 
 binding; the flnreof being bound, or rendered 
 numb jjy binding. "It is the /igatian of fenic." 
 Spea. No. 47S. 
 
 LI'GATURE, S. [Fr. ^s.'ot-^, low Lat.j 
 any thing hound on as a bandage ; the aft of 
 binding ; tlie flatcofbeing bound. In Punt- 
 ing applied to types tliat contain two tetters 
 joined together ; as ff, ft; £'. 
 
 LIGHT, S. \lcc/}t^ Sax. and Erfel that 
 fenfation occifionsd in the mind by the view 
 of luminous bodies ; or that properly in I-j- 
 dies, wliereby they are fitted to excite thofe 
 fenfations in us ; a certain aftion of luminou* 
 bodies on the medium between them and the 
 eve, wliereiiy they become vifible ; a finrc 
 wherein bodies beo.me viiible ; rays 'proceed- 
 ing' from a luminous body. Figuratively, :1- 
 lumln.ulon, inflruftion, improvement, or t]^« 
 dlfcovery of fomething before unknown. A 
 point o^ view ; a fituation ; the direftion iti 
 which li,:,ht falls. " Setting them In th;ir 
 " proper /.'yrj/j." SteEl. No. 291. Expb.natian, 
 or the mejDS of clearing up any tiifticulc pjf- 
 fdge in writings. " One part of the tcx»: 
 " could not fall to gi\'e Igl t to anotlier." 
 Locke. Any thing, ufed to give light in t!ie 
 nighttime ; a perfon of great pai'ts and emi- 
 nent abiities, famous for his diil'overies, and 
 the communication of ihcm, " One cf the 
 •' /ipkii of the age." 
 
 LIGH I', Adj. {Vicht, Belg. /eici.H, Teut.] 
 cafily ruiil-d, or of fmail weight ; not burden- 
 fome to he borne, worn, carr cd or lifted up, 
 Figuratively, cafy to be endured. " Light fuf- 
 " ferings." Dryd. Eafy to be performed. 
 " The ta(k was light." Dryd. Aftive or 
 nimble. ^' Light of foot." z Sam. ii. 18. 
 I Slight or trifhng. " A /igbt error." Boy/e. 
 ■ 0^4 Not
 
 L I G 
 
 Kot thich orjrofs. ''■ L.^/;f bread." Numl.'' 
 ^x. 5. " L:^t: fumes." Dryd. Gay 5 aiiy: 
 irifi r..fl: ; ineouhr ; iinchaftc '■ A agljt\\\ie 
 " d.ih make a heavy huibjiid." Sink. 
 T:i\ghi, or nrmir.g ; clesr. Tending to while,! 
 ?.;-p!;ed Ij colour. " A HgJ.t cclouieJ clay."! 
 
 TrocdzL-. - i 
 
 To. LIGHT, V. A. to kindle, inflame, ori 
 fct on tire ; to give li'^ht to. I 
 
 TgJ.ICtHT, V. H. f//V/Y, Bela.T to f-ii| 
 uponorn-.cct with by chance, nfcd with ujon 
 To d:l"n.oiint, or delcend fit.m a hcrie c cai- 
 xhgc, ufcd v.'nh frcri; offi<ii-\ forEierly (^o-.vn^ 
 i'r°m a!i-bccn Sax. '• He i><2}.ted c'&ivn Irom 
 ■ ♦' tlic cf.ariot." 2. Kings v. 21. Tu iuli or 
 ilnke. " Cn whoniloever it nghtcth." Kooker. 
 'jo fettle ; to fix, or left. Tiren ^s a bee — 
 " light: on thiit and this." Di\d. 
 
 To LI'GH i EN, V. N. [ndtin, Sax.] to 
 flafl), applied to the glare of lirht occafioned 
 by the cxpl.-.fion of combunible particles in 
 the air, attended with thunder. 'I'o fail or 
 light, iifed with upon. " Lord, let ihy mercy 
 " r,(rh:en tibcn us." Com. Fray. 
 
 To Ll'GHTEN, V. A. [from light, fub- 
 flantivej to iiLininate ; or make thinj/,svi- 
 fible; to difperfe any gloom or obfcurity ; to 
 convey knowledge. " Lighten our darknefs, 
 " we befcech thee, O Lord." Cow. Pray. lo 
 niaks Isfs heavy, applied to liuidcns. 
 
 LIGHTER, S. a lar;;e heavy boat in 
 which (hips are lightened or unloaded. 
 
 Ll'GHTEHM.'^N, S. one who owns or 
 works a lighter. 
 
 LIGHT-FI'NGERF.D, Adj. nimble at 
 conveyance ; pilfering or thievilh. 
 
 L1C;HT-F()'0 rtb, Adj. ni;iiblc in dan- 
 cing, or fwifc in running. 
 
 LrGHT-HEADL.D,\V.i. unQeady; loofe j 
 thoughtLefs 5 giddy. In i.icdicinc, delliious, 
 or difordeicd in th.e mind by dife-^fe. 
 
 LI'GHT-HEARTED, Adj. gay j merry; 
 chi-erful. 
 
 Ll'GHT-KOUSE, S. an high building^ 
 at ihc top of which lights are hung to guide 
 ihips at fea. 
 
 LI'GHTLESS, Adj. dark; wanting light. 
 
 LI'GH TLY, Adv. without preffiu'g hard; 
 cafilv ; without uneafinefs orafflidfion ; clieer- 
 fully. Unchaftly ; immodeftly ; nimblv. 
 
 Ll'GHT-MINDED. Adj. unfettled'j un- 
 fteadv ; full of levity. 
 
 LI'GH'l'NESS, S. want of weight; agili- 
 ty cr nimblcncrfs j inconftaiicy j u.ichaftiiy or 
 levity. 
 
 LrGHTNI\'G,S. [from %Z/j.v, whence 
 lightening and Hgbming] a flilh of light whicli 
 accomp.niits thunder. 
 
 LIGII r.S, S. the lungs, or organs by which 
 the affion of breathing is performed. '1 his 
 wod is never ufed in the lingular. 
 
 LI'GH rSOJVIE, Adj. luminous ;with great 
 appe.rance of li^^ht ; g:.y ; airy. 
 
 Li'GHTSOMEXESS, S. luminoufnefs, cr 
 the i.iu.;!ity o£ bavinj; much light ; cheerful- 
 ads ; levity. 
 
 L I U 
 
 LI'GNF.OUS, A.-1J. [ligncns, Lat. %« a.r, 
 Fr.] made of wood ; refenibling wood. 
 
 Li'GNU.M-Vrr^., S. fLat. the wood' 
 of lifcj a very hard wood, called likewife 
 
 LIKE, AiVj. [/V, ''ax. Hick, Belg ] re- 
 fcmbling, or having a relembia cc : equal ; of 
 lie i\rp.i i.;'.!.il:!y or quantity; lively, or in a 
 ftite tl;2t gives probable e■.<pe(f^^tions. " That 
 '• he might judge whtther he w.is like to piu- 
 " fue its couifc." i./a;t?;c/. This Lft fenfe is 
 improper. 
 
 LIK'% Adv. in the fame manner; in the 
 fame mnnncr as. " Li!.e as a father piticth 
 "his children." Pfal ciii. 13. In luch a 
 manner as becomes. " Qu't \ourfelves like 
 " men." j Ststn iv. 19. toilowed by f?;c«p;^, 
 probably, or likely. " Like er.vigh it wil," 
 
 To LIKE, V. A. \!ic<a, or r.crgktn. Sax.] 
 to approve of; to chufe with fonie degree of 
 preference; to view with approbation or love. 
 
 Ll'KELlHOOD, or LI'KELINESS, S. 
 ["friim I'ike'y'] appearance or thcw ; re- 
 ftml. lance ; piobcbilitv, or appearance of 
 truth. 
 
 LI'KELY, Adj. fuch as nny be liked; 
 fuch as may plcafc by their external appear^ 
 ance; probable. 
 
 Ll'KELY, Adv. probably. 
 
 ToLI'KEN, V. A. to reprcfent ?.<; bearingr 
 fome rciemblance; to compare. " Or lo what 
 " things— /iif« on earth." Far. Loji. 
 
 LI'KENESS, S. refemblance ; one that re- 
 fen-.ides another. " I took you for your/Z^e- 
 " ncfs Chloe." Prior. 
 
 LIKE'V^ISE, Adv. in like .-nanner ; alfo; 
 too ; moreover, or beddcs. 
 
 Ll'KING, S. a ftate of trial, wherein a 
 perfon is placed, that he may (tc whether he 
 iike.tjor is approved of. " Come but a while 
 " upon liiiiig." Dr\'d. 
 
 Ll'LIED, Adj. idorned with lilies j of the 
 whittncfs of a lily. 
 
 Ll'LY, S. [lilmm, Lat.] a flower, fome- 
 vvhc-t rcfembiing thcricLU-.le-lys, but of vari- 
 ous colours. 
 
 Ll'LY- HYACmrH, S. a flower rcfcm- 
 blin" a lily and a hyacinth. 
 
 L?LY OF T.Hi; VALLEY, S. a white 
 lloucrof cne leaf, called likewife the May 
 illy. 
 
 LI'LYLIVERtD, Adj. whitelivcrcd ;cow- 
 cirdly. " A lity/ii'ered, aQion-taking knave." 
 
 LIMB, S. r/;«, S.x. and Scot. /rra, Dan.] 
 a member ; a joint of any animjl. An edge 
 r,r border, ufed by phylofopliical writers; 
 from limU, Vr. or liirJus, Lat. " At its 
 " outward //;;<i, the red and yellow." Newt. 
 Opt, 
 
 ToLIMB, V. A. to afTume limbs. ''As 
 ' they ple..!e they iiinl' ihemfcives." Milt. 
 To tear afundcr; to difmember. 
 
 Ll'MBECiv, S. I corrupted from tf/f«^'V] a 
 iiiil. H'MB-
 
 L I M 
 
 LI'MRED, Adj. foimed with regard U>\ 
 limbs. " Large /;ot/j.»(/." Poje. 
 #LI'M1}ER, Adj. [i.'iKj,, Crit.] Flexible; 
 cafily bent. 
 
 Ll'MBERNESS, S. the .i'.i.lity oF being 
 Cilily bent. 
 
 Ll'MBO, S. ffrom/;;Kiai, Lat ] a middle 
 ftate, bordering on lic!l,in which there is nei- 
 ther pleafure cr pain. Popularly, a prifon ; 
 any piaCe of mifery or confinement. " In the 
 " Jcif-fame /h-ho put." Hudih. 
 
 LIME, S. f/yn, lil./.m, Sclav, and Carn, 
 glue] any vifcoiu fubdance ; particularly ap- 
 plied to that which is" laiJ on t'-vig% and 
 catches or ftick? to the wings and feet of 
 birds that touch it, hence called Lii-ci'Ume. 
 Matter from which mortar is made, fo called^ 
 becaufe ufcd in cement 
 
 LIMF, S. in Botany, called likewife the' 
 llnden-trcc : its wood is ufed by carvers and 
 turners. A fj^ccies of lemon which grows in 
 the Weft Indies, from Ihr.e, Fr. 
 
 To LIME, V. A. to fmear with lime; to 
 cement orunite as with mortar. " To I:i::e 
 " the (iones together." Stnk. To manuie 
 ground with lime. " Marling and Vt::htg' 
 Child. Fif'urativeiy, to entangle or enfnare. 
 «' <.'h//w,-/foul." SLak. 
 
 LI'ME-KILN, S. a kiln where (iotics are 
 burnt to lime, 
 
 LI'ME-STONE, S. the Hone of which 
 lime is m;.d?. 
 
 LI'P/IE-W,4.TER, S. ?. liquor made by 
 pouring boiling water on unilacked lime, and 
 racking, it off when fettled. 
 
 Ll'MIT, S. [Hmue, Fr. Ime':., I'n-.uh, Lat.] 
 a bound ; a border; the utniofl: extent of any 
 place or fp?.ce. 
 
 To L'IMI r, V. A. [Ilmtir, Fr. Ihmtor, 
 Lat.] to confine within certain boi:nds ; to 
 rcrilrnin ; to circum Icribe, or prcfcribe bounds 
 to. To reftrain, or confine the feiife, appli- 
 ed to wor's that hi'Ve various fignificaiions. 
 
 LI'.MJTAP-Y, Adj. placed at thelimits or 
 boundaries as a guard. •' Proud Uir.vary che- 
 *' rub." Var. L:Jl. 
 
 LI'MITaTION, S. reflriaion ; reflmint. 
 
 LI'MNER, S. [corrupted from clummdtr, 
 Fr] a painter ; or one who draws portraits 
 from the life. 
 
 Ll'MOtJS, Adj. [-//Vra/vj, Lat. ! muddy or 
 fl'.my. " Z-iw;5«jmjtter brougiit down by the 
 " Nile." Broivn. 
 
 LIMP, Adj. [I'mlhy Ttal. i v.ipid, or liaving 
 iio tafle. " The chub cuts i.i::i>, and ia(!t- 
 «■ lefs," Walton. 
 
 To LlMi', V. N, \]i-r.^.cn. Sax.] to halt ; 
 to walk lamely, 
 
 LI'MPir.S. a kind of {hell fifh. 
 
 LI'MPJ.O, Adj.r/>,,-»t;V^, Fr.lim/idir, Lat.] 
 cle.ir ; pure; tranfp:irent. 
 
 Ll.MPIDNESS, S. the quality of being 
 tranfparent, applied to ftreams. 
 
 LI'MFINGLY, Adv. in a lame or halting 
 manner. ' 
 
 LFiViy, Adj. [lyin, in.] containing linK. 
 
 L I N • 
 
 " A Ihvy foil." Vifcous or ghitiiioiis. *' I:i 
 " fimy ll^ste's." Sperfcr. 
 
 LI'NCH-PIN, S. [from Uncb,o<^ alUr.an^ 
 Sax. to (hip, and piii\ an iron pin that keeps 
 the wheel on the axletree. 
 
 LINC^OLN, S. a Rom:;n Colony, and by 
 them called Lindum colouia, which very eafriy 
 falls into the prefeiit abreviated appella'.ica 
 I.iuc-Jn, is a!i ancient city in Lincoln'hire. 
 From its fituation on a liill it feems a collec- 
 tion of five cities. Luicoln is the fee of a bi- 
 fiiop, aii'^ the largeft ciiocefc in England. 
 The'cathedral isV. magnificent fabric, and 
 reputed flie moR fpacinus i.T England, ex- 
 ce,5t York, being, from iis fituation, feen from 
 five or fix (bounties. It h;is a douliie crofs or 
 rranfept, wlih two fpires or towers, which 
 are mean, but not for w !nt of heigh.t, end 
 in the N. tower is the finelt great bell in F.ng-' 
 land, called Tom of Lincoln, .ts being con- 
 fecrjtcd probably to Thomas a Rccket. It 
 weiohs four tons 1S94 pounds, will hold Ai.\ 
 gallons, andis22fe(t eiglit inches itr cir- 
 cumference. The middle or rood tower' is 
 the highest in the kingdom, 'i his is a city, 
 .md county of itfelf, its jiirisdi<flion extend- 
 ing twenty miic.-; refund. It i> governed bv a. 
 mayor, who returns two metnbers to p?rlia- 
 .-nent, has twelve aldermen, two Rieriffs, &c. 
 It has given title of earl to the Ciir^ton ta- 
 ir.iiy ever fince the r;'!;;n of Qiieen Elizabc:!-:. 
 Hereare four charity fchoo s, in each of v.Iii^h 
 thirty poor chil.iren are tau;;ht';y cleroymci.'i 
 widows, hincoln lies fitn-tiAo niilc,> fvoni 
 York, and isS from LondoH. Lac. 53 dig. 
 15 mm. N. ion z-j hiin. W. 
 
 LI'NCOI^NSHIRE. a maritime county, 
 and one of the hrgeft in England; but a 
 great pa- 1 of it is fenny ;>,rounds, and over* 
 flowed wih water. It is divided from 'Noi- 
 thimptunlhircofi die S. by the liver Wc-lbndj 
 as it is from Yoii-fiiire on the W. by tiie 
 Humbcr. It has the German oce:m on the 
 E. and is bounded ori the W. with fome parts 
 of Yorkfli/ie. NTotting^hamfhire, Lcicellcrfnire,' 
 anil Ri'tljndiTiire. fc is geneially leekonedal- 
 mod- fiy.ty mi'cs Ironn N. to S.- and in the 
 middle, where wid-.-ft, thirry-&\'e: though 
 remplcman makes i'.s length !i,\iy-fcvcn. anj 
 breadth forty-three . It contains thirtv vva- 
 ofiitakes or jiundred.':, in which are 6SS pa- 
 rilhes, one city, five parMamentiry boough."!, 
 thirty four other maijstt to'.vns, and about 
 2.4. !;,Ho inhai'itatit'- ; al/b tlv.rtcen parks, and 
 twoc.iftlcs. In Lini-o'iid'iirc ne {'c\-<:rA laroa 
 'ivers, pflrtici larly the Nen, Wclliud, G^i&lh, 
 .'"'itham. Bane, 'Irent, Dun, a:id Ankam ; 
 .t!l v.'hich ah/ound with f,fh ; and among other 
 .vild-fowl here are t VI o fi;rt5 v. h:ch arc ex- 
 ceeding goo^i, namely kiuites and dotterels. 
 The inland country produces corn, the fens 
 c )le''e;d and v. r,- rich pafturcs : fo that their 
 Iireed of Cattle cxcrfd.^i in lari^encfs tliofc of 
 iny I Ounry of England, txcepr Sonicr.'etfiiire: 
 V.liich trraifplantiiig ibinr of the L-ncolnlhirs 
 iimc a few ye.irs ago, have much improw 
 Q^<1 a #4
 
 L I N 
 
 ed their fizs in their ftill riclicr grounds. 
 Their horfes alfo arc excellent, and large 
 vi'ithal. 
 
 LI'NCTUS, S. [from lingo, Lst.] a medi- 
 cine, focdlled hecaiife licked up by the tongue. 
 LI'NFJEM, S. [liiid, Sdx.] the lime-tree. 
 LINE, S. [/;■/;■.-, Fr. hnca, Lar,] quantity 
 extended in length only, without hrcadth or 
 thicknefs; anyextenhon ; confidered only with 
 legard to length; a llender firing : a thread 
 extended as a guide or rule ; the Ctring that 
 fufrains the hook in angling ; a lineament or 
 mark in the face ; a hngle row of letters writ- 
 ten or printed from one margin to the other. 
 Rank, in the army. A wrark thrown up, or 
 a breach, applied to fbrlificaiion. Extcnhon ; 
 a limit. " Eden ftretched her /ins— from 
 " Auran eaftward." Par. Loft. In Geogra- 
 phy, the equator, or equinoftial line. In pe- 
 digree, progeny ; family, or relations, confi- 
 dered as afccndingor defending. In the plu- 
 ral, a letter, cr any compofition written by an 
 author. " I read your lines.'" 
 
 To LINE, V. A. [li/mm, Lat.] to cover on 
 the infide. 
 
 Ll'NEAGE, S. [/.w^^, Fr>] r^cc? ; pro- 
 geny ; f imily. 
 
 LI'NEAL, Adj. [iinc-zHs, from Urea, Lat.] 
 compofed ef lines delineated. " Li,:tv-/ de- 
 " Cigns." jyotioi:. Defcending dirciftly as the 
 fon from the father, &c. applied to genealo- 
 gy. Allied by direft defccnt. '•' Only you 
 *' are lineal to the throne." Dryel, 
 
 LI'NEALLY,4dv. in a dired line, applied 
 to pedigree. 
 
 Ll'NEAMENr, S. [Fr. Uncamenium, Lat.] 
 feature ; or any mark either in the face or 
 form, which diftinguiHics one perfon from 
 another. 
 
 Ll'NEAR, Adj. {linearis, Lat.] compofed 
 of lines ; having the form of lines. 
 
 LINEATIOM, S. [lineatio, from linea, 
 Lat.] a draught, or appearance of a line or 
 linc^. 
 
 LI'NEN, S, {Unum, Lat.] cloth made of 
 hemp or fla:r. 
 
 LI'NEN, Adj. [Uncus, Lat.] made of linen ; 
 refembling linen in whitenefs. " Thofc linen 
 »' cheeks of thine." Shak. 
 
 Ll'NEN-DRAPER, S. [from limn, and 
 di-api-r ; of drap, Fr. cloth] a perfon who 
 fclls linen. See Di-.i/icr. 
 
 LING, S. [ ling, I(L] a kind of heath ; a 
 kind of fea-filh ufually dried and faked, from 
 llnghe, Belg. 
 
 "ling, the tcnr-nation, borrowed from 
 the Saxons, commonly implies diminution, 
 and is derived from kkin, Teut. little. Tlius 
 cfufplin^,^^'^- from cnaf>, Sax. a boy, implies a 
 little boy ; kitting, is a little kitten : lomctimes 
 it denotes quality, and is then, according to 
 Skinner, derived from langen, Teut. to be- 
 long : thusy'KfA/wg' denotes the fcate of an in 
 fant that fucks ; and hireling, the quality of a 
 ^•rffc>tt who worka fov hire. 
 
 L I O 
 
 \ To LI'NGER, V.N. \leng, Sax. Ibrr^, 
 \Ungcrn, Teut.] to remain long in a ftate of 
 I languor or pain. Figuratively, to hefitate^ 
 or be in a furprife. Perhaps thou livgrejt in 
 deep " thoughts detained." Far. Rtg. To 
 v.ait long in expeiflaiion or uncertainty ; to 
 remain long in any ftate, as loath to Ifave it ; 
 
 ■ Ling ring 
 
 to be long in producing and effe£t. 
 poifons." ShA. 
 
 LI'NGERER, S. one who does any thing 
 in fuch a manner as to protract the lime, or 
 do it as (lowly as he can. 
 
 LI'NGERINGLY, Adv. in a tedious ot 
 del.iying manner. 
 
 Ll'NGUADENTAL, Adj. in Grammar,. 
 applied to the letters uttered by thejoint a(rHoiT' 
 of the tongue and teeth. " 'Ihe linguadcntah 
 ^'f,v,db." Holder. 
 
 LI'NGUIST, S. [from lingua, Lat,] a 
 tongue] a perfon Ikilled in languages. 
 
 LI'NIMENT, S. [Yr.Unim,:ntum, Lat.] an 
 ointment of any medicine that may be fpread 
 or fmeared over a fore. 
 
 Ll'NING, S. [from line, the verb] the in- 
 ner covering of any thing ; that which is with- 
 in. " The liri'ngs of his coffer." Shak, 
 
 LINK, S. a Tingle ring of a chain ; any 
 thing doubled, or forming a loop refembling 
 the ring of a chain ; any thing that Gonnedls;. 
 a chain. In Reafoning, a fingle part of a 
 fcries or chain of confequencts; a propodtion. 
 Joined to aforegoing and following propofi- 
 tion, a fcries, a torch made of pitch and hards^ 
 from ?vt;p(^v;5, Gr. 
 
 To LINK, V. A. to conneft or join toge- 
 ther as the links of a chain. Figuratively, to 
 unite in concord or friendlhip ; to connefl, 
 generally ufcd with together. "To link toge- 
 " tber our duty and intereft." Tillotf. 
 
 Ll'NK-BOY, S. a boy that carries a torch 
 or link to light perfons in the night, 
 
 Ll'NNET, S, [/;■«:?, Fr.] a fniall fjnging 
 bird about the fvt£ of a (parrow, covered with 
 brownllh feathers, 
 
 LI'NSEED, S. [corrupted from lii-.tfeed] the 
 feed of flix. 
 
 LI'NSY-WOOLSEY, Adj. [from linen 
 and ivsol} made of linen and wool mixed to- 
 gether. Figuratively, vile, mean, compotrnd- 
 ed of different and unfuitable parts j mongrel, 
 " Linfy-wooijy brothers." Pope. 
 
 LI'NSTOCK, S. [fejfrom hnte. or l^nter, 
 Teut. andj9of/(J a ItafTof wood with a matcti 
 at the end, ii'ed by gunners in firing can- 
 non. 
 
 LINT, S. lli:>tnm, Lat.] the foft fub fiance 
 called flax ; linen fcraped by a knife into a 
 foft wolly fubftance, ufed byfargeons to lay 
 on wounds. 
 
 LI'NTEL, S. [!inteai*x, from lintcal, Fr. J 
 the upper part of a doorframe, which crofre* 
 the two upright pods. 
 
 Ll'ON, S. [Fr. leo, Lat.] the fierccft and- 
 m.ofl ma^irnimous of wild beailsi 
 LI'ONESS, S. a Ihe-lion, 
 
 Ll'ON-
 
 L I S 
 
 LT'ON-HEARTEO, AJj. of uncbiinte.' 
 courage, likea lion. " Sce//fl/j-iw/r:^Rich:ird." 
 
 /' LlP, S. {lippe, Sax. labiutr., Lat.] the edpe 
 or outward part of the mouth ; that ma(cu- 
 Jous part whicli Ihuts and covers the mouth, 
 i)oth aUove and below. Figiii atively, the zigs 
 of any thing. ''In wounds the /i/)5 fink." 
 IV.ljctt:. I'd make a lip, is to hang the lip in an- 
 ger and contempt, " I wiil make a lip at the 
 *' phyficians." Shak. 
 
 LYFO'THYMOUS, Adj. [from Xeitt* and 
 ^vy.oq, Gr.] Avooning ; iainiing. " Klipotiy- 
 ** mens languor." Ilui'vcy. 
 
 LYPO'THUMY, S. [S^c Lypcdymous] in 
 Medicii.e, a I'udden diminution or failure of 
 the animril and vital fundions : a fwoon, or 
 ■fainting fit. 
 
 LI'PPED, Adj. [from lip] having lips. 
 
 Li'PFITUOE, 5. [Fr. lippitudo, Lat.] a 
 Jifeafe in the eyes, arifing fro.m a decay of 
 •their natural moilture, whiih makes them 
 feel dry, and appear red; called likevvife blear- 
 ■ednei's ot the eyes. 
 
 LI 'P WISDOM, S. an appearance of wif- 
 dom in difcourfe without practice. " All is hut 
 " Hp'ivifdom which waiits experience." Sidny. 
 
 JLlQlJA'TION, S. [liquatvs, from /////i 
 Lat.] the aft of melting ; capacity of being 
 melted. " Congealed beyond liquation.'" 
 Bmvn. 
 
 To LI'QUATE, V. N. \l:quo, Lat.J to mc't 
 or turn into lig^or. 
 
 LIQUET ACTION, S. {lijuefaaio, Lat ] 
 the adt of melting ; the ftate of a body that 
 is melted. 
 
 LIQUE'FFABLE, Adj. [from //^z/c/J;] ca- 
 pable of Lein^ melted. 
 
 To LI'QyEFY, V. A. [liqucfer^ Fr. lique- 
 facio, Lat] to melt, applied io fire. To dif- 
 iblve, appliiid to liquor. 
 
 Ll'QUID, Adj. [liquidc, Fr. limidus, Lat.] 
 fluid, or giving way to the fliglueft touch, 
 boft or clear, applied to found. In Gram- 
 mar pronounced without any harfhnefs, and 
 applied to the confonants /, tn, ti, apd ;-. 
 
 Ll'QUID, S. a body which has the pro- 
 perty of fluidity, and of wetting other bodies 
 isnmerged into it. 
 
 To LI'QUIDATE, V. A. to clear away or 
 leffen debts. In Commerce, to make bills 
 current and payable. 
 
 LIQUrDITY, S. fubtilty. 
 
 LVQUIDNESS, S. the quality of having 
 its parts ealily put in motion, and adhering to 
 any thing immergcd. 
 
 Ll'QL!ORICE, S. a fwcet root, ufed in 
 medicine ; its flowers are red, like thofe of 
 the hyacinth. 
 
 Ll'QUOR, S. [liqueur, ¥r, liquor, Lat.] 
 any thin^ liquid; generally applied to fome- 
 thing which has fome inebriating or intoKi- 
 cating ingredients Iteepcd in it. 
 
 To LIQUOR, V. A. to drench or moiflen. 
 
 To LISP, V. A. ^ii'/'fp, S*x, /?_//', Dan.] to 
 
 L I T 
 
 fpeak with too ficquent an application of the 
 tongue to the teeth. 
 
 LISP, S. the acH: of fpeakin<T with too fre- 
 ^juent an application of !hetonT;ue to theteeih 
 or palate. " Avery pretty ////s." Ta:kr.T<^o.6o. 
 
 LI'SPER, S. one who fpeaks liiping, or , 
 witli too fitquentan application ofliis tongue, 
 to his teciji or palate. 
 
 LIST, S. lliJle,Fr.'] a roll, or catalogue. 
 Inclofed ground, in- which "lilts are run, and 
 combats iiVt fought, •: hence to enter the lijls, is 
 to coniend with a perfon, either with bodily 
 (Irength, or by way of difputation and argu- 
 ment. A flrip on the extremities of c'oth ; a 
 border. " To let them ftand as a Lfi or mar- 
 " ginal border." //fj.^t;-. 
 
 To LIST, V. N. \lyj}im, Sax.] to chufs 
 ordefire ; to !)e difnofcd or inclined to. " To 
 '■ fpeak as they///?." Hooker. 
 
 ToLISr, V. A. [from ///?, a roll] toen- 
 lifl or regifler ; to retain an enrol as foldiers 
 or failors ; to hearken to ; from hhjlnn, Sa>;. 
 
 LI'S FED, A'li- flriped; marked with Hues 
 or (freaks of a different colour. 
 
 ToLI'STEN, V, N. \hlyfMu, Sav;.] to 
 hearken or give attention to. 
 
 LI'STEN'ER, S. one who hearkens or a't- 
 tcnds to what another fays. 
 
 LI'STLfSS, Adj. v\itliout any inclination 
 or determination to one thing m^re than ano- 
 ther ; carele/s; heedlefs. 
 
 LI'STLUSSLY, Adv. without thought or 
 attention. 
 
 Li'lANV, S. [/-.'^wV, Fr. from >.iTa*Eia, 
 Gr. fuyplication] a geneial fupplication ufed 
 in public worfhip to appcafe the wrath of the 
 Deity, and to reqiieft thofe virtues which a 
 peifoii wants: tlie litany of the church of 
 England is an excellent compofiticn. 
 
 Ll'TERAL, Adj. [Fr. from /.VrtT?, Lat.] 
 according to its primary and mofl obvious 
 fenfc, oppofed to figuraiive. Following the 
 letter, or word for word, applied to tranj2a- 
 tions; confiltingoflettci-s. 
 
 LI'TEl^ Af.LY. Adv. according to thepri- 
 mary and obvious fciifcof words, oppofed to 
 figuratively. With clofe adherence to the 
 words or fcnfe of an original, applied to tranf- 
 lutions. 
 
 LITERATI, S. [Ital.] thejearned. "I 
 " fhall confiilt (bme literati.'" SpcB. No. 581. 
 It has no lingular. 
 
 LI'TERATURE, S. [literatirra, Lat.] 
 learning acquired by reading. 
 
 LI' TH.'^RGE, S. I Fr. lytlargynm., Lat ] 
 lead vitrified either with or without a mixture 
 of copper. 
 
 LITHE, Adj. [Sax.] limber ; pliant ; c.fi- 
 ly bent. " 'bWs lithe probofcis." Far. l,nfi. 
 
 LI'THENESS, 3. the>;iuality of being pli- 
 ant, or eafily bent. 
 
 Ll'THER, Adj. [from litkcrl foft ; pliant; 
 affording little or no refiflance. " Through 
 " the iiiber fky." Shuik, Bad j ferry ; cor- 
 rupt. 
 
 CLq 5 LITllV)'-
 
 L I T 
 
 TJTIIG'MANCY, S. [from A.aoj, anj 
 fiavT'ia, Gr. the art ct' pro.phtcyj preciic- 
 tioo, or tlie art of foretelling by (tones, *' L:- 
 " ti'rrancy, or devinatlon by tl.is tlone." 
 
 LI rKON-TRl'PTIC, A^j. llithottrpn^ue, 
 Fr.j in McciJcine, apfii^d to thofe rtincdics 
 Mhich arc fuppofed to have ihe power of diT- 
 f jiving tlic (lone in ihe bladder, or kidnies. 
 
 LUKOTOMIST, S. [from XtS--?, and 
 T'/.4vs), 'jr.] a /Lrgecn who extraQs the ftonc 
 by cutting cr cpcniiig the bladder. 
 
 LirHO'TOMY, S. [See Uihtoiry!] the 
 trt cr piacl'ce cf cutting for die (tone 
 
 LI'nGAMV, S. [Fr. /i.;5-!w, Lat.] one 
 en^.-'gcd in a livv-fuit. " 1 he call Uil-rant.^'Dryd. 
 
 L\' i IGANT, A'lj. engaged iiTa law-diit. 
 
 To Ll'TlGA fK, V. h^ [litigi:tu:, oi liii- 
 gc, Lst 1 to conieft in law. 
 
 LI TIGA'ilON, S. [lir.gath, Lat.] a fuit 
 ©f la-.'. 
 
 LIII'GiOUS, Adj. [/iiigieux, Fr.] quar- 
 rclfcme ; wrangling; fond oi going to jaw ; 
 difpuMble ; controvertible. 
 
 LirrGJCTUSLY, /,dv. in a quanclfome 
 manner j in a nianiitr wliicii fr.t\\i> a I'ond- 
 nefs of law-fuirs. 
 
 LI r rGIO'JSNE:^>:, S. a wrangling difpo- 
 fit on ; a fonuncfs (or debate or law-iuits. 
 
 LI' r TEt^, S. [Ht er-, Fr.] a carriageboine 
 by horfcs co.-n^ning a Led ; the ftraw luid 
 .under aniaials or plants. A breed of young, 
 generally applied to thofe of Avine. Any 
 number of things thrown caiclefsly or ccnfu- 
 fcd!y together. 
 
 To LI rXEIl, V. A. t3 bring fo;th young, 
 applied to Avine. To cover with thing? in "a 
 confulld and lloveniy manner ; to r.:pfly 
 c;.tt!c with l1ra\? to lie on. 
 
 Ll'lLTF, Adj. Icoinpar. 'kfi, fuperlat. 
 1- Ji.] fiTi.ll in qii.nilty, .quality, liuoibcr, dig- 
 nity, cr import..i:c£. 
 
 LI'TTLE, S. a fmull fpace ; ^ fmall part 
 or portion ; a fl-'ght affair. " How iittk gives 
 '- ihee joy or pain.," Prkr. Not n.uch j 
 r-arce any thing. '•' Tlitfc are fitted lor, and 
 " nt:U elf:." Ch.c;::;. 
 
 y LITTLE, AJv. in a fmali degree or 
 qrautitv 5 ' rot r.i-jch. 
 
 LrTTLF.N'ESS, S. fmallnefs of hulk or 
 fiie; meanf cfj ; wcint of grandeur orditinity 
 
 Li' rURGY, S. [XsTos-, public, and'£^-;o^ 
 Gr. a workj a form of priyers ufed in pub- 
 lic wonliip. The KnA;lifli liiurgs was fird 
 C.>rnpore.f, approved, and eon(irnit^ in parlia- 
 ment anro I548, the cficcs for the morning 
 i-nJ evening prayer hti:>g t! en in the /Jnic 
 foini as they [Lad in .It prefent, cxceptim 
 tlut there was no conftiHo,-) a-id abiijlution t 
 t'l? office hc'^inniug «i[h ihe LorJs praKr. 
 In the CjmmuiMon, thclcn co.Tiinandir.enJs 
 were e.nitrcd ; th.c rtf.rroiy was n-.ads wi.h 
 brsad a.id lAineir.ixcd «ith water, and in thci 
 pr^y r lor ( hrii'l'.^ church milira.-ir, ih.^nks 
 vi'cre giveii to God f..r hi* wondci fnl grace 
 dcc.-ivd in i.ii faints, in tlie Ulis'Ld V.r.L-'J 
 
 L I V 
 
 till? patTiaich-:, piophets, spofller, and msr* 
 tyrs ; and tlie faints departed were coaimend- 
 ed to God's mercy and peace : to this thecon- 
 fecratory prayor, now ufeJ, was joined as a 
 part, on y with (on e words now left out, pe- 
 titioning that the bread and wine might be ti> 
 us the tody ?.nd blood of Jefus, tlie beloved 
 "ior., [s'c. Jn taptifm, befides the form of the 
 cioii mcJe on the child's forehead, another 
 was made on his brcalt, with an adjuration 
 of the c'tvil to go out of him ; after which 
 the child wa.s dipped three times in the font, 
 ! ifiwcll, but othciwil^- fprinkled. Bcfides thefe, 
 ("ome ciher ceremonies sre omitted in the 
 office for the (id:, as is fuppofcd in 1551, 
 when the form w.is altcicd at the (bliicitation 
 of CaKin. 
 
 LITUUS, S. [Lr-.t.] in Medals, the Aaff 
 ufcd by augurs in the Ihape of a biltiop's cro- 
 (ier. 
 
 To LIVE, V, A. [pronounced with the / 
 fliort, as in if ox ^'ft ; fiom hf.aJiy or lifig"'-. 
 Sax. to be in a iV, te v\ herein the foul and 
 body arc united and co-operate together; to 
 pafs li(e in any manner with regard to habit, 
 good or ill, happinefs or mifcry ; to continue 
 in life. Followed by iviib, to converfe or 
 continue in the fame houfc with another. 
 " Then ii-ve •with m,e." Shak. To be fup- 
 por ed 5 to feed. " Llt/e upon vegetables." 
 Aduth, 
 
 LIVE, Adj. [the ; prononnced long as ia 
 time] qu'ck ; having life, oppoftd to dead ; ac- 
 tive. Burning or not extinguiihed, applied to 
 fi;e. " A /k-«coaI." i'tj'/f. 
 
 Ll'VELIHOOD, S. [from Hvdy, and locd\ 
 of hade. Sax.] fupport or lite ; maintenance ; 
 iuihcicr.t to fuf ply the neccfTiries of life. 
 
 Li'ViiLINESS, S. appearance of life. 
 " Lii-eiirejs which the freedom of the pencil 
 " makes app-.ar." Diyd. Vivacity; a^ivity ; 
 fpriglitlinefs. 
 
 LI'VELONG, Adj. tedious ; lafting ; du- 
 rable. " Haft built thyl'elf a livelong monu- 
 '• mcnt." liliJ.-. 
 
 LI VELILY, or LFVELY, Adv. in abri(k 
 vigorous, and atflive manner. With a ftrong 
 relemblance, applied to dticiiption or paint- 
 ing. 
 
 LI'VELY, Adj. brifk ; vigorous ; gay I airy; 
 nearly leprefcnting lite. " A li'vf'y imitation 
 «' of it." Dryd. 
 
 Ll'VEK, S. one who is alive, or conti- 
 nues in life ; one who lives In any particular 
 manner witii rcfpcd to virtue, vice, happinefs, 
 or mifcry. In A."-jtomy, a large and pretty 
 fold mi:fsof a dark red colour, a hrtle inclin- 
 ed to yellow, /ituated immeJiately under the 
 diaphragm, partly in the ri^lu hypochoo- 
 diium, and partly in the epigraftium : its uCe 
 i.? to purify the maA cf blood, by Hcreting 
 the ^ilii.us humours it contains. 
 
 LI'VER-COLOUR, S. a dsik ret colour. 
 
 Li'VER-GROWN, Adj. having a grct 
 o'.cr^rown livtr. 
 
 LI'VFP,,
 
 L h O 
 
 .II'VERWORT, S. there is a very Lcrai 
 ^'''uJ flower oF iliis name, uliich is ca'lcd iv^ii- 
 '^'■"s in Lar. from its refembiiiv^ the lcl)es ot 
 t^ie liver. EcfiJcs whicli, tiiere :ire two 
 plants called Helen-, that c.il!eJ aHi- coloured 
 ground liverwort, is rcckoiied a great fpecific 
 forcurino tlie bite of a mad dog. 
 
 LI'V^-RY, S. [/kw, Fr. I in L^w. the 
 aft of givin;j or taking poddTicn ; a releafe 
 from a wardlhip ; t!ie writ by which polici- 
 fion is obtained ; the (late of being ktpt at a 
 certain rate ; cloatlis given to fervants ; any 
 particiib.r dref's. Tojiand at U-vcyy, npplisd to 
 horfes, fignifics to be kq=^ in a public (tabloj 
 where they are fupplied with food. 
 
 LI'VEliYMAN, S. a fervant who wears 
 cloithsoi a particular CTloiir, which arc given; 
 him by his madcr. In London, a citizen 
 who wears a gown at nublic cavalcades, nnd 
 has a li!)erty of voting for the members that 
 reprefent the city in parliament, £ft. 
 LIVES, S. the plural oi'llfe. 
 LI'VID, Adj. ^Jlvldc, Fr.ii'vldiis, Lat.] dif 
 colonved with a blow; black and blue. 
 
 LIVI'DP Y, S. [Ic'vuiitc, Fr.j difcoloiira- 
 tion, caufed by a blow ; a black an^ blue co- 
 lour. 
 
 LI'ViNG, S. Aipport ; maintenance ; live- 
 lihood ; the benefice of a clergyman. 
 
 LI'VING, Adj. [from live] in flate of 
 motion or vegetation j alive j or enjoying life. 
 LI'VIN'GLY, Adv. in a living ftate. 
 LlXi'VIAL, Adj. [from /ww:.'w, Lat.] 
 impregnated with falts; like a /•;r/x.'.'.-,7« ; ob- 
 tained by calcining vegetai)tes, and mi.xing 
 :their afl:es m ith water ; belonging to lie. 
 
 LIXI'VI.-^TE, or LIXl'VIOUS, Adj. [/;>;- 
 rvUux, Fr.] made from burnt vegetable^, and 
 extracted by lotion or walhing. 
 
 LIXi'VJVM, S. [Lat, J lie'j water impreg- 
 nated with falts or alhes. 
 
 LT'ZARD, S. mjarde, Fr. lufardo, Ital. Li- 
 cei-tus, L.;t.J a fmall creeping ci'eatuicof a green 
 colour, with four legs, rcfcrnbling a crocodile; 
 rherf^arc (ome in Arabia a cubit lon^. In A- 
 merica they are eaten by the natives of Peru. 
 LLOYD, Mr. Robert, was educated at 
 WeftiTiinncr - fciiool, wiih Mr. Charles 
 Churchill, and the flriiftL-ft intimacy ful)- 
 fifled between them. He was afterwards one 
 of the ufhers of the fame fcliool. Ke was 
 author of a poem called K.\tt.^clcr, which not 
 only gave proofs of great' judgmeni: in the 
 fubjeft he was treating of, but had al.'b the 
 merit of fmooth vcrfification, and great 
 ftrength of portry. He alfo v.ro'e a drama- 
 tic paftoral CiWitA Jrcadia . in the beginning 
 ot the poetical war, which for fomc time 
 raged among the wits of tlie age, and 
 to which the celebrated Rcfdui foimdcd the 
 firft charge, Mr. Lloyd waS fufpcclcd to be 
 the atithor of that poem : ihar chaige, how- 
 ever, he exculpated hinnfelf f.on), by an ad- 
 vertifcment in the public paper.- : on which 
 occafjon the real author, Mr Chuicld;!, 
 .boldly flepc forth, and in the faine pubLc 
 
 L O A 
 
 manner dsclared himfelf. The talents of 
 Mr. Lloyd were eclipfed by thofc of Mr* 
 C luirchili, qui omnes extir.xU, ftcihs 'X ortus 
 I'ti irtb-rhis, yet he never (hewed the lea(t 
 jealoiifyor envy on account of the deeded 
 (upcriority which the public gave to his 
 friend. Mr. Lloyd was mild and amia'^le in 
 private life, of gentle manners, and very 
 engaging in converfaiion. He was an excel- 
 lent Icholar, and an Cdly natural poet. 11:3 
 peculiar excellence was the drelTing up all o.d 
 thought in a new, neat, and trim manner. 
 He was contented to fcamper rouiad the foot 
 of ParnalTus on' his little Welch pony, which 
 fcems never to have ti:cd. He left the f^irf 
 of the winged deed, and the daring heights 
 of the f.icred mountain, to the fublime gc- 
 niu;of his friend. When the unhappy cir- 
 cumftcnces of Mr. Lloyd at length had 
 forced him to retire to the Fleet, the ti iendfhip 
 of Mr. Churchill was the almofl fingle re- 
 maining fi>urce of his comfort and fupport. 
 He received the regular bounty of a guinea 
 every v^eek, and the fame generous friend like- 
 wife paid all the expcnces of a fervant, who 
 conRantiy attended him. He had a very 
 grateful heart, and his fufferings feemed to 
 have added to the tendernefs of his nature. 
 The death of Mr. Churchill was a fevere blow 
 which he could not farmount, and he died lite- 
 rally of grief, in the Fleet prilon, a ibort ume 
 after he received the news of this melan- 
 choly event. 
 
 L L D. [kgiptura; dorior,!.^^.'] ^n abbre- 
 viature, figniiying doftor of the civil law. 
 
 LO ! Inierjea. [/j, Sax.] look ! fee! be- 
 hold! 
 
 LOACH, S. \lachc, Fr.j a fifh, of the non- 
 fpirous kind, with only one fin on the back, 
 it grows inot above a finger long, and is of a 
 thicknefsproportionaoL toilskngih -, arid its 
 mouth, like the barbel's, is under its nofe. 
 
 LO.ii), S. [Ldi,Uadc, Sax.] a burthen ; a 
 freight, or lading j as much weight as any 
 pet ion or animalcan bear. Figuratively, any 
 thing that dcprcfles, applied to the mind. 
 
 To LO.WJ, V. A. to put goods on board a 
 fhip j or liurthen on a man, or a bead of car- 
 riage. Fii;,uranvely, to encumber or cm!iarrais. 
 To'chargi-, applied to a gun, ot other fire-arms. 
 To mike grievisus. 
 
 LO'ADER, .S. a perfon who purs the freight 
 on board a fliip, or a burtlicn oil a man, bealt, 
 or in a carria;;:.-. 
 
 LO'AD3^i.■\N, S. [from/W.vi, Sar..] a pi- 
 lot, or a perfun thatcondmits into, and out of, 
 hii hours. \ 
 
 LO'ADSTAR, S. [more properly, as writ- 
 ten by Mandevilie, iHufinr i fiom /icden, Sax. 
 to lead j the po'e Uar, fa called from its kad- 
 I ing and guiding manner. 
 
 LO'AuSTON'it, S. fpropcily /M;//7vnf, or 
 
 \ hj.d'n-.g Jl'jtic ; from l.-fdcn. Sax. to lead, and 
 
 rt.)ne, on account of its guiding or dirccling 
 
 niiriners by tire ULgdiC, which po'.nts, whco 
 
 iti/uciivd with it, towards the no'tb' f' e 
 
 0^1.4. niagtict;
 
 L O C 
 
 LOG 
 
 r^agnrt ; a peculhr rich iion ore, found jthe flstc of being placed. 
 
 :n large malTes, ot' a deep iron yrey, uhen 
 tVelh broken, and often tinged vvitii a orown- 
 i;Ti or reddiih colour : it is very hciivy^ and is 
 remarkable for atttacliiig iron, and giving 
 it ;in inclination or diiedliOu towards the 
 north. 
 
 LO.A.F, S. f pKiral /v^T'fs ; !af, Sax.] a mafs 
 of bread baked : it is diltinguiihed from a c.i/;e 
 by its tfiicknefs. Any nip.ls into which a ho- 
 dy is wroiii^ht; but in this fenfc it is uftd 
 gdjeaivcly. "As a piece o£ haf fugar." 
 Met. 
 
 LO AM, S. Uim, h.im. Sax. l::m, Belg. J the 
 co-.r,:T3on earth, Confilling of cUy with a ;«ix- 
 turc of fand in it: the black earth called mould; 
 a reddiili earth ufed in making hi icks ; a kind 
 ot mortar made of the beft earth, by temper- 
 ing it -Aith water, Itrau', i:Sc. 
 
 To LOAM, V. A. to fm car with loam, 
 marl, or clay j to cover with cl>y. 
 
 LO'AMY, Adj. marlcy, or clayey. 
 
 "LOiN, S. [/V.-!.«, Goth. A.kM, Sax] any 
 tliinTlent ; the intereft, prcmiitm, or confi- 
 derafion for money lent j any tiling given to 
 -another on condition of hisretbrmng it at a 
 certain time. 
 
 To LOATH, V. A. to look on with great 
 d-.f'u'.t or abhorrence ; to fee ibod with naii- 
 fcoufncfi or fqvieamillintrs. 
 
 LO.A'THKR, S. one who confiders any 
 thing with abhorrence'. 
 
 LOCH, S. [Scot. X'jx^a, Gr.] a lake. "A 
 " lake or locb.''^ Ckene. In Medicine, a com- 
 pofitioii of a middle conliftence between a fy- 
 rup and a foft cle(ftuary, ufed in d.leafes of the 
 lungs. 
 
 LO'CHfA, S. [Lat. X5;:^ia, Gr.] the evacu- 
 ations confcquent on a delivery. 
 
 LOCK, i). \Igc, Sax. hco, Uhettj, Ital.] an 
 infliument with fpiings and bolts, uftd for 
 the fccurity of doors, drawers, ^c. The part 
 of a gun by which fire is flruck ; a quantity 
 of hair or wool hanging together; a tuft or 
 Imall quantity of hay. " Smelling to a /sti 
 '' of liay." AiU'iJ. In a river, apl.cewhere 
 the waters are confined by flood-^galc^, to fwclJ 
 and jncrcafe, the natural depth and foice of 
 the (hcam, in order to render it navigable. 
 A pLce where thieves carry or hide Itolen 
 goi'ds ; an h.ofpital, where none but perfons 
 afr.ded with the vcnercd difeafe arc ad- 
 mitted. 
 
 To LOCK, V. A. to flint or faften a door, 
 Cfc. by turning the key round in a lock. 1o 
 lock ii!>, to Ihut up, or confine. To clofe. 
 
 LOCKE, (JoHiO was born at Wrighton, 
 fevcn miles from Bririol, in 1632. E is father 
 belonged to the law, and was fleward or court- 
 keeper to colonel Alex. I'o.jham : our author 
 was fcnt by him to WefiminUcr-fchool, and 
 •.v;;s removed from thence in 1651 to Chrill- 
 church, Oxon, where he was a fludent. His 
 
 LO'ATF-lFUL, Adj. full of abhorrence or I peculiar (ludy was phyfic, in which he made 
 
 hatisf' ; abhorred or hated. 
 
 Ld'AfHINGLY, Adv. in a manner that 
 teflifies abhorrence or hatred. 
 
 LO'ATHNESS, S. unwillingnefs ; reluc- 
 tance j diiVike. 
 
 LO'ATHSOME, Adj. abhorred; detefted; 
 caufing fatiety, dilgult, 01 n.nitcouin.ls. 
 
 LO.-\V£S, S. the plur..l of Loaf. 
 
 LOB, S. [-V*/r, Ten?. J .'n heavy, dull, or 
 flnpid perfon.* Lcb's po-.a-.J, a prifon j the 
 flecks ; or a place of confinement. 
 
 To LCD, V. A. [from the fubrtantivc] to 
 let fall in a clownifh manner. " Lob down 
 << their heads." Shak. 
 
 LOBE, S. [Fr. from XoSsf, Gr.] a divifion, 
 ordiuin^t p-^rt : uknlly applied to the two 
 iii.-tr into wliich the lungs arc divided, and 
 likexvi-.'e to the tip of the ear. 
 
 LO'BSrtR, S. [%.,'/?;•, Fr.] a (hcU-filli, 
 which when caught is Idarhil'h, but when 
 boiled is red : a low cant word for a foot fol- 
 dier. 
 
 LO'BULE 
 lobe 
 
 fmall progrefs, rs appears from the dedi- 
 cation of the great Sydenham to his Oifer-va- 
 liciia Medkde. To enumerate the public em- 
 ploys he was honoured with, and difchargei 
 with no fmall praife, would be to reflect fame 
 upon him from a quarter, vvhencs perfons of 
 Lfs genius might expc£t it. For if we con- 
 fider the great fervice he has done to philolb- 
 phy and religion, by fubvcriing the babel of 
 fcliool leainini;, overthrowing the fyflem of 
 Arillotle, which was for fevcral ages looked 
 on as the (iandard of truth, and his intro- 
 ducing fuch a fyllem in its Head, as contri- 
 butes to the enlarging our minds, the difco- 
 veiing of truth, and the improving of reafon 
 lo its utmofl extent, we mull look on him as 
 a wonder, or at leaft a glory, not only to his 
 own country, but likewife to his fpecies. His 
 life was not kfs amiable than his writings ; 
 his converfation being eafy and facetious : he 
 won the love of thofc that knew him by his 
 probity, and was always fafe fiom the at- 
 [adi.minutive oi loU] a fmall t.icks, either of falfehood or a flatterer. His 
 complaifance was free from fervility ; Jiis 
 LO'CAL, Adj. [Fr. from /o,'w, Lat.] hav- lichaviour fuch as befpoke a perfon of great 
 ing the pj-cpcrtiei of a place ; relating to experience, and as great humanity, on which 
 pi.;CC ; befng in a particwiar place ; confined account he gained the refpeft of his in fe- 
 pr appropriafed to any jarticular place. | riors. the elieem of his equals, and the confi- 
 
 LOC-.LITV, S. cxi'nence in place ; rela dence of his fupeiiors. His temper was fome- 
 tion of place or dif>ance. thing choleric, but foon pacified ; and if he 
 
 LO'C.\'-LY, Adv. with refpeft to place. . retained any refentment, it was againfl him- 
 LOCA' riOV, S. \_lo:ntie, Lat. j fituation fdf^ for having given way to a pailion, which 
 with refpcft to p^"^^^ 3 '^^^ ^"^ "* placing ; I ha faid, might do a great deal of harm, but 
 ' '* ■ pcvcf
 
 L O F 
 
 never <5iJ any cood. His regard for religion 
 was. great ami iinccre, and tli;it for the Clirii- 
 tian dii'pcnfation higlier than Ibmecf liis ad- 
 verfaries v.iil perhaps allow. His death, which 
 he law approi-.ching through the vi'loes of ie- 
 vcrjil j'c.iis, gu\e liiin no trouble; tor his 
 thoughts ^nJ fir.dies, in his latter days, were 
 employed purely in preparing tor it. 
 
 LO'CKER, S. any thing that is faftened 
 with a lock j a drawer. 
 
 LO'v-KRAN, S. a kind of ranunculus. 
 
 LOCOMOTION, S. [from /cr:..j, Lat.and 
 yroiio, Lat. J tlie power ©r a<flion of changing 
 place, " Allprogreflion or animal kconwdon," 
 Broion. 
 
 LOCOMO'TIVE, Adj. [fvom !scus, Lat. 
 and mc-uec, Lat.] changing place ; having the 
 power of moving from one pl.-xe to another. 
 
 LO'CL'LAiMENT, S. [kcukr^, Lat.] in 
 Bot.iny, a little didindl ceJl or partition in the 
 feed veflels of plants. 
 
 LO'Cu'ST, S. [iocujfay Lat.] an animal 
 fomewhat refembling a grafshopper, but con- 
 fidcrably larger, and of a brownifli colour, 
 verydellru(ftive to vegetables, moving in herds 
 v.hich are he.ided by a psrticu];.r one of tiie 
 fpecie.";, and therefore not inelegantly com- 
 pa!ed 10 an army. According to the Scrip- 
 tures, they are very numerous in tiie Ealt ; 
 and Dr. Pocock informs us, in his travels in- 
 to Egypt, that thayare eaten by tlie natives of 
 thofe parts. 
 
 To LODGE, V. A. '[/ofi.m. Sax. %>-, 
 Fr.] to fupply with a houfe to dwell in for a 
 ceituin time; to afford dwelling, or admit a 
 perfon to lie or dwell in the fame houfe. Fi- 
 guratively, to place, fix, or plant. " Ideas 
 " that are lodged m the memory." Locke. To 
 take up refidence for a night. 
 
 LODGE, S. a fmail houfe in a park or fo 
 reft ; any fmall houfe or habitation. " A 
 *' porter's kdo-e.''' 
 
 LO'DGEMENT, S. lloghrert, Fr.] ac- 
 cumulation, or the a.£t of -putting in a certain 
 place. In Fortification, an encampment made 
 by an army; the poflcfiion of an enemy's 
 works. 
 
 LO'DGER, S. one who lives in an apart- 
 ment hired in the houfe of another; one that 
 refides any where. 
 
 LO'DGING, S. rooms hired in the houfe 
 of another ; a place of refidence ; a place to 
 lie in ; harbour or covert. 
 
 LOFT, S. [Iloft, loft, Brit.] a fioor ; the 
 higheff floor in a houfe ; roon)s in the highcft 
 part of a building. 
 
 LO'FTILY. Adv. |from lofty] on high ; 
 in a place at a difiance from the ground up- 
 wards. Figuratively, in a proud, liaughty 
 manner ; fublimely. 
 
 LOFTINESS, S. height or diflance from 
 the ground upwards ; elevation j fubiimity ; 
 pride or haughtinefs. 
 
 LOTIY, Adj. [from loft or /j//] high ; 
 ai a didauce from the ground ; iituated on 
 
 LOG 
 
 high ; fublime ; elevated , proud j hanglity. 
 
 LOG, 3. [trom Icg^e, iielg.J u fhapekfs 
 bulky piece of wood 1 igura lively, a fluggilh, 
 inr.cllve perfon. An Helrew miafure, five 
 iixths of a pint. " ri kg of oil." Le-v. xiv. 
 !o. In Navigation, a Im all piece of timber 
 of a triangular form, having lead at one end, 
 to make it fwim upr'ght in th'e water, and a 
 line fixed to tf.e other with knots at about 
 forty-two feet tJiflance from each other : its 
 ufe is to ke p account, and make an eftimatc 
 of a fhip's way, by o!)lcrving the length of 
 line unwound in half a minute s time, the 
 fhip failing the fame number of miles in an 
 hour, as the knots which are run out in half 
 a minute. 
 
 LO'GARITHMS, S. lloganthw, Fr. from 
 Xoyoi; and asid/jic;, Gr.] certain arlaiciai num- 
 bers proceeding in r.rithmeiical proorefiion, 
 correfponding to as many olhers proceeding 
 in geometrical proportion, and fohttL;<.i to the 
 natural numbers, that if any two natural 
 nu'iTibers are multiplied and divided by one 
 another, the correfpondent numbers mliver 
 all ihofc conclufions by addition or iiiLilrac- 
 tion. They were invented by Kapler, lord 
 ! Marchcfon, aScotch baron,andafrerv,ardscom- 
 |plctedby:vIrBiiggr,,Savilianprofc-ilorat Oxford. 
 
 LOGGfcR^.EAD, S. [from loggc; Belg. 
 'and hcdJ] a perfon that is ilupid, and of flow 
 apprehenfion ; a blockhead. " Thiee or 
 \-'- iour loggerheads." Skak. To f' II to logger- 
 heads, or go to loggcrkcuds, is to IcuiKe or fight 
 without weapons. 
 
 LOGGERHE'ADED; Adj. dull ; flupid; 
 flow of under'.landing. *' Your loggcrLcaueJ. 
 " and unpoliffted groom." SLak. 
 
 LO'GIC, S. [Icgi^ue, Fr. Lgka, Lat.] the 
 art of ufing reafon well in our inquiries after 
 truth, and the communication of k to others; 
 a particular method of reafoning. 
 
 LO'GiCAL, Adj. belonging to, o'rtaughc 
 in logic ; fkilled in, or furniilicd with logic. 
 " A clear and /oj-.'. ^.7 head.'' Spccl. No. 2.S1. 
 
 LO'GiCALLY, Adv. reafoiulily; accord- 
 ing to the rules of logic. 
 
 LOGl'CL'\N,S. [logkien, F. logkus, Lat.] 
 a profefibr of logic j a perfon vcrftd or Ikilled 
 in logic. 
 
 LO'GIST, S. \hg[f}a. Lat. r.oyo<;, Gr.] 
 one fkilled in computations and arithmetic. 
 
 LOGl'Si IC, Adj. [See Lcg,fi\ inV.rith- 
 mefic, applied to the do£lrine or fe\ag.:iima| 
 fra<rtions, uftd by aflronomers betorc .he in- 
 vention of l;>garithms. A curve, to called 
 from its properties and ufes in condrui^lingand 
 explaining the nature of logarithms 
 
 LO'G-LIN!', S. [SttLog.] in Navigation, 
 a fmall line, fallened to a piece of boaid, and 
 having knotj ;it ci rrain diltanccs, by which -i 
 fhip's way is reckoned. 
 
 LO'GWOOU, S. [looghe, Belg.] a wood 
 of a very denfe and firm texture, brought to 
 us -in thick and very large blocks or logs, and 
 IS the hi-art of the tree that produces it, It is 
 
 ,, very
 
 I. O N 
 
 Very lieavy, nnd remaikably hard, and of a 
 x3cep ftroDg red colour; has been ian^ known 
 to rhe dyers, whoufe it in colounngbluo and 
 black, and lately has been introduced into me- 
 dicine, wherein it is found to be alhingent. 
 
 LOIN, S. [pronounced I'v.c, from Ikuyn, 
 Brit.] the back of an animal as carved by a 
 butcher. In Anatomy, the lower part of the 
 ipirc of the bnck. 
 
 To LOI'TER, V. N. [hteran, Belg.] to 
 iinf;er ; to make ufe of idle and iazv delays. 
 
 LOITERER, S. one who paflis his time 
 in idlencfs ; one who is lluggilh and dilatory. 
 
 To LOLL, V. N. to lean in any idle or 
 lazy manner againfl any thing. To hang 
 out, applied to the tongue of a beaft. 
 
 LON'DON, S. a city and county of itfelf, 
 in Widdlefcx ; the fee of a bilhop, and the 
 capital of Great Biirnin, and of ;;!! the BiitifQ 
 <lominions. It is the royal rcSdence, and is 
 fituated mortiyon the N. bank of the river 
 Thnrnes ; part sf ir, namely, the l)orongh of 
 South'.vark, a dcrpcndency cf the city of Lon- 
 don, being in Suiry, and on ihe S. bank of 
 the faid river; but London, and Southwark 
 communicate with each other by means of a 
 bridge of hewn (lone, confifling of 19 arches, 
 which was 33 years in building, and fmid.ed 
 in 12C9 ; and about a mile farther up the river 
 is anothei- bridge lately built, fuppofed to be 
 ■«ne of the lincft in the world, .ind called 
 Wcftmrnfter-bridge. There is likewife one j'.ift 
 'bailt -between -the two, named Flack Friars 
 bridge, which is fuppoicd one of the mod 
 elegant in Europe. V/ithin the city walls, 
 and i.'s ancient bars and gatfS, It takes in but 
 a narrow compafs : but if, in the general ac- 
 •ceptalion of London, we tnke in all that vafl 
 inafs of buildings, reaching from RUc^wall in 
 *he E. to Tothii'i-fields.in the W. from South- 
 wark S. to Iflingtcn N. and from I'eterbo- 
 rouph-houfe on (he bank-fide at V/e/lminfier 
 to Cavendifh-fquare, and even to Marybone, 
 and all the new buildings by and beyond 
 Grofvenor and Hanover fcjuiresto the Brent- 
 ford load one way, to the ACion road another 
 a prodigy all this, of fuch buildings, as no- 
 thing in the world does, cr ever did furpafs, 
 except it was old Uome in Tr. jan's lime, when 
 the walls of that city were iVid .to be fitty 
 mihs in circuit, and the number of its i.nh.a- 
 bitants (3,8oo,ccc. The figure of London is 
 very irregular, being (tretched cut in build- 
 ings at the plcafure of every undertaker, for 
 ■conyenicncy of trade, or otherwife : whereas 
 Rottie was round, with very few irreoula- 
 ritles. Its form, however, including the city 
 «f WtftminOer and borough of Southw;ark, 
 is nearly oblong, being about five mi.es in 
 length tiom \v . to E.it mciuUncd in a dire^ 
 line from Hyde-paik corner lo the end of 
 Limrhoufe ; and upwards of fix, if the 
 ftreets be followed, or from Liniehoufe to the 
 end of Tothillftreel in Wcftminftir, feven 
 Biilcs and a half. London, including the 
 
 L O N 
 
 buildings on both fides the water, is in fome 
 jplices three miles broad from S. to N. as 
 ;from St. George's in Southwark to Shore-ditch 
 in MiJvlLfc.^: ; or tAO miles, as from Peter- 
 borough hcufc to Montaguc-houfc in Great 
 RuiT 1-fireet ; and in fome pbccs not half 
 1 mile, as in Wapplng, and Icfs in Rotlier- 
 hithe. Several villages, formerly franding 
 at a great diftance, are now joined to the 
 ftreets by continued buildings; and more 
 making liafce to meet in like manner. Eur 
 an aift ot parliament, obtained by the city of 
 London, i.r 1760, for v.idening its paliages, 
 pulling down its crowded gates, and Lying it 
 1 more open in many places, will probably put 
 la ftcp to ther.rpid progrefsof buildings in the 
 lextrtme parts of the town ; fince the city will 
 I be then as healthy to live in as any of the out 
 flcirts, and eijually commodious ; and be not 
 Ibliahle to fucli dreadful conflagrations as have 
 I happened wiclun thefe few yeais from too 
 , much crowdir.g. The number of inhabitants 
 (have been varioully gucflcd at ; Maitland; 
 lin 1739, com-^utes, tliat within the wills and 
 jbsrsof the city are 725,903; but Sir "V^'il- 
 lliam Petty, ot his kft computation, fiippofcd 
 'it to contain a million ; though in this he 
 takes in a greater comp.-fsfuie than Maitland, 
 And in the Lrge curcuit abovcmentioiied, 
 f(iys the author of ti\c Tour, it may be rc?.- 
 fonably concluded tiiere arc about 1,500,000 
 fouls. This citv is under excellent regular 
 tions, particularly vvi;h regard to beggars, 
 lights, pavements, &c. It is governed by 
 a lord mayor, twenty-five aldemien, two 
 (I'.eritfs, the recorder, and CQmmcn council; 
 their j'j, ildi..^ion hSiug cojifmed to the city 
 and its liberties, as alfo 10 Southwark. They 
 are confervators of the river Thames, from 
 St.ties-biidge iu Surry and Middlef?x to the 
 river Medway in Kent ; and f->me fiy up to 
 RocUefter-bridge. The government of the 
 ont-parts is by juftices and the flicrifTs of 
 London, who arelikewife flierifFs of Middle- 
 fcx. What adds nxsft lo the afHuence and 
 fpicndor of this great city, is its commodous 
 port, though near foity miles from the main 
 iea ; whiihir many thoufand (hips of burthcu 
 anr.ually lefort from all parts of the world : 
 and thole ot moderate bulk can come un as 
 far as Lcn Jon-l)ridge, though the very largeft 
 arc ftill lower down in the river ; while 1-jrgc 
 barges and weft-coiintry boats an go throiigh 
 bridge, ^ind a great diUance up the Thame;, 
 carrying goods of all kind to atid from tlic 
 mctiopolis. London is reckoned to have 
 two thirds of the whole trade in England. 
 'I he ftrength .&f thi."; city, having no fort of 
 fortifications, unicfs we rcckor< the Tower of 
 London .-s its citadel, confifts in the number 
 of Its inhabitjnts, wim are com nio.ily com- 
 puted to be one feven th of all the people in 
 Tngland, and one eighth of the whide hi 
 Great Britain. The town is well fupplied 
 vvith water from the Ihames, the New River 
 ' brought
 
 L O N 
 
 !).i-onoht from Ware in Hertford (hire, snc? the 
 fpring-. at Hampllcad. London annuallycon- 
 fumes above toOjCOO fheep and lambs, and 
 100,000 head (jf Cattle, befiues a vaft number 
 of hog-,pi^s, poultry of all kinds. Gfc. &c. 
 In the Iheets ply daily about 800 hickney- 
 coaches, befides a great number of fedin 
 chairs. The peuny polf, for carrying of let- 
 ters, or fmall paper parcels within the bills of 
 
 LOO 
 
 Followed by rgc, at fome period of timi? far 
 diftant. " Spread long ago'' Tillatf. All along, 
 or throughout: when tollowed by afubflantive. 
 " Singcth all lught U'lg." Shak. 
 
 l.ONG, S. [from gelM:fr, Sax.] by the 
 fault; by the failure. " All thiscoyl is long 
 " of you." Shnk. This word, thounh much 
 uifufcd, is purely Englilh. 
 
 To LONG, "V. N. \gda?:gc», Tcut.] to 
 
 mortality, or ten miles round London every 1 dtfire earncftly, to wifh for with a continued 
 way, is a great conveniency. Here is a royal and ardent defire 
 focitty, founded by king Charles IL who 
 hold their meetings under a prcfident at their 
 
 houfe in Crain-ccurt, Fleet-drecr, whe;e 
 an obfervatory, library, and mufacum : and in 
 jyci a foclety of antujuaries obtained a char- 
 ter. The public places for amufemenr in this 
 city are numerous ; as in fummer, Ranelagh, 
 Vauxhall, aud Marybonc garder.s ; alfo St. 
 James's and Hyde parks, with a great variety 
 of others of lefs note : and in winter are pbys, 
 operas, balls, concerts, feft". Lonrion confilKs 
 of feventy-two companies, each of which has 
 a mailer and wardens, or alli(fants, r.nnually 
 chofcn. The cScy is divided into twenty-fix 
 wards, and over each prefides an alderman, 
 who has his deputy ; and out of the court ot 
 aldermen is annually chofen a lord mayor, 
 w'50 re.Qde.':, during his mayoralty, in an ele- 
 gant and fpac'ous Itrufiiire, finilhed in 1751, 
 and called the Manfion-houfe : but its not 
 
 LONGANI'MITY, S. Sjovganh^itc, Fr. 
 longijnhnitas, Lat.J a difpofition of the minj 
 which confiils in bearing ofTences with pa- 
 tience. 
 
 LO'NG-BOAT, S. the largcfl boat be 
 longing' to a fliip. 
 
 LONGE'VITV, SMontravus, Lat.]lcn'vth 
 of life. 
 
 LONGIMA'NOUS, Adj. [loi^guma.n, Fr. 
 hngimanin, Lat.J long handed; hi^ving long 
 hands, or a long reach. 
 
 LONGI'METRY, S. [hngcmUnc, Fr.] 
 the art of meafuring lengths. 
 
 LONG'INGLY, Adv. with inceflani 
 wifhes and ardent defires. 
 
 LO'NGISH, Adj. fomewhat long. 
 
 LO'NGITUDE, S. fFr. from hr.gitudo^ 
 Lat.] in its primary fignification, length. In 
 Afhonomy, thediflance of a ftar from the 
 nrll: point .'\ries. In Geography, the diliance 
 
 having yet a fiiilicient opening round it, great I of a place from fome of the firfl: meridians, 
 part of its beauty is loft to the eye. London In Navigation, the diftancc of a ftip or place, 
 fends four members to parliament; and lies either eaft or welt from each other. The 
 
 about 320 miles S. of Edinburgh, 2C2 N. W 
 of Paris, 186 W. of Amflerdam, 520 S. W. 
 of Copenhagen, 613 N. V/. of Vienna, 264 
 S. E. of Dublin, 865 N. E. ot Madrid, 841 
 N. W. of Rome, and 1389 N. W.ofCon- 
 (iantinople, lat. 51 deg. 32 min. N. and un- 
 der the firfl: meridian of our Englilh maps. 
 
 LONE, Adj. [contracted from alone\ fo- 
 litary, or v.ithou: inhabitants ; by one's felf, 
 or without company. 
 
 I. O'N EL L^ '}>..•>>, "?. [from lo)ielf\ want of 
 inhabitants or builciings; want of- company 
 
 LO'NELY, Adj. without any inhabitants 
 or buildings; folitary, 
 
 LO'NENESS, S. folitude ; aplaceunfre- 
 qvunted, and void of buildings. 
 
 LONESOME, Adj. unfrequented ; void 
 of company, inhabitants, or buildings ; dii- 
 mal. ' 
 
 LONG, Adv. \hng, Sax. and Fr. kngus, 
 I.at.Jwitlr fome continuance, applied to time; 
 t'ilitjry. ♦' Death will not be lung a coming." 
 Ecchf. xiv. 12. Of great exten't in length ; 
 reaching to a great diltance. 
 
 LON G, Adj. to a great length or fpace. 
 For fome time, or a great while, applied to 
 time. In the comparative, longer, it implies 
 a greater fpace, or more time; and in the 
 Itiperlative, loi:geft, the greateft fpace or moft 
 time. " Thofe who have the longefi had illue." 
 Lociie. After not, it implies foon. " Ni,t 
 ;•' ieng after there arafe," ABi xxvi, 14. 
 
 finding the /o?.'^zVa(/s<jr/£'a, has perplexed the 
 mathematicians of all age=, and ti)e parlia- 
 ment has promifed a conliderabli reward for 
 the invention. 
 
 LO'NGITUDINAL, Adj. [Fr.] meafured 
 by the length ; lengthwife. 
 
 LO'NGSOMc, Adj. tedioufnefs. Weari- 
 fome on account of its Icogth, applied to 
 time. 
 
 LO'NG-SUFFE?vIMG, S. patienee under 
 offences ; clemency. 
 
 LO'N'G WAY'S, orLO'NGWTSE, Adv. 
 in the direflion of the length ; lengthwife. 
 
 LO'NG WINDED, Adj. longijreathcd ; 
 tedious. 
 
 LOO, S. [/oi/f?, Rclg. becaufe the odds 
 are fo great, that a peribn looesj a game of 
 cards, wherein the knave of clubs is reckoned 
 the highcli, and fecures fucccfs to the per- 
 fon who has it. 
 
 LO'OBILY, Adv. [from hohy^ aulc- 
 ward ; cliimfy; clownilh. 
 
 LO'OBY, S. [//oie, Brit.] a clumfy down. 
 LOOF, S. \ufc.n, Ssx. ) the part of a (hip 
 aloft, which lies before the chefs trees. 
 
 To LOOF, V. A. to bring the (hip clofc 
 to a wind. • 
 
 lo LOOK, V. N. {hcav, Sax. htggtr.y 
 Bclg.J to direiff the eye towards any object ; 
 to feem or carry an air, mien, or appear- 
 ance. '• Lools very fullen." Burnet. T» 
 hok aftcr^ to attend to ; to take care of. T» 
 
 look
 
 LOO 
 
 LOR 
 
 hakfer, to «pe£^. To Lok Into, to examine ; j firmnefsor fixedncfs. A difpcfition oFniirJ, 
 to fjft ; to infpeft clcfely or obfcr\e nar-i or a conduct not reftrained by any principle 
 rowly. Uled with on, to refpect, regard, o^l-jw, charity, morality, or religion, applied 
 «ftccm, confiderj view, or thitm. •' 1 looked] to the manners. In Phylic, a habit ot body 
 *'<;;.' Virgil as a fiiccincl, majelUc writer. ' M ^^hercin a perfon is ojligcd to go ottcn to 
 Dijden. To /o<;i 6«/, to fe.iclror feciij to be 'tool- 
 oil the watch. " Bound to kokout (harp." Ccll.\ LO'OVER, S. an opening for the fmokc 
 
 LOOK, Interj. f properly the imparativc^ to 2° ""^t ^t tf^coof ot' an houfc. 
 of the verb, and fomeiimcs exprelied by; '^ o LOP, V. A. to cut off the branches 
 
 lock ye} behold j kc iodk, ol)fcrve, 
 
 LOOK, S. air ot" the face, or cafl: of the 
 countenance; the aft of looking or, feeing ; 
 the a£t of directing the eye towards. 
 
 LOOK'ER, S. a fpeftator; a beholder. 
 hooker on, an idle or unconcerned fpeift.itor. 
 
 LO'OKING-GLASS, S. a elafs which 
 
 of trees, iigurativcly, to cut offa part from 
 any thing. 
 
 LOP, S. that which is cut from trees; a 
 flea, from loppa, SweeJ. or -«//>, Scot. 
 
 LO'PPEK, one that cuts branches from 
 trees. 
 
 LOQUA'CIOUS, Adj. [Itquax, loquach. 
 
 reprefcnts the !oim of a perfon by refieftion. Lat.j tuil of talk; talking to excelis ; Ipeak 
 LOOM, S. a frame in which manufaduiesj ing, or vocal ; blabbing. 
 
 are woven. ] LOQUA'CiiY, the quality of talking 
 
 To LOOM, V. N. [leont^r, Sax.] at fea, to to excels 
 
 appear. 
 
 LOON, S. a forry fellow ; a fcoundrel. 
 
 LOOP, S. [k'.pen, Bclg.j a thread or 
 twifV, feff. doubled in fuch a manner, that 
 a firing or lace may be drawn through it. 
 
 LO'OPED, Adj. full of holes refembiing 
 loops. " Your /cc^erf and wmdow'd ragged- 
 *' nefs." Shak. 
 
 LO'OPHOLE, S. an aperture in a loop; 
 a hole to give pafiage. figuratively any (hift 
 or evafion. 
 
 LO'OPHOLED, Adj. full of holes, open- 
 ings, or void fpaccs. " Ihis uneafy hcf- 
 ^ /.c/"</jail." HuM. 
 
 To LOOSE, V. A. [hj^an, Sax.] to un- 
 birid or untie any thing fafiened j to relax, 
 applied to the joints. To freeliom any obli- 
 gation ; to let go. 
 
 LOOSE, Adj unbound ; untied ; not rc- 
 flrsir.cd, tight, or confined. " A looje robe." 
 Y/anion oi not rclTr-fined by the di<flates of 
 modefty. " Lccfe epifiics violate challe eyes." 
 Dryd, Dittufe, applied to Rile. Difengaged 
 from any obligation ; ufed with from and 
 fometimes »/■. "Lccfe of my vow." ylddij'. 
 To brcek hcj'e, to get rid of any reftraint by 
 force. 
 
 LOOSE, S. liberty ; freedom from any 
 conftraint ; indulgence, ufed with give 
 '' Gk.'e a looJc to ferrow.'" Addif, 
 
 LO'OSELY, Adv. in a manner that is 
 Xiot faft or firm, applied to any thing tied. 
 Without any union or connexion. " Exilt 
 " loojely and feparately." Ncrris. Irregularly, 
 .•r not refirained by the rules of chaltity or 
 virtue, " Living Iccfely," Cnn-.bd, 
 
 To LO'OSEN, V. N. to undo any thing 
 that is tied ; to be made lefs compadf or co- 
 herent. " By /co/evr/^jg- the earth.'* Bac. To 
 feparate or divide ; to free from reflraint, or 
 fet at libeity. " Itloojens his hands." Dryd 
 To remove any obllrutlion in going to {tool; 
 to cure of coftivcnefs. 
 
 LO'OSENESS, S. the (late of the things 
 whic^ are mcveable, and deprived of thdr 
 
 LORD, S. [from hlaford. Sax. a giver of 
 bread, alluding to the hoipitality ot our an- 
 cient nobles: it was afterwards writ»en la- 
 ford, and liicnce contracted into Isrd, frora 
 hlf, Sax. a loaf of bread, and ford, Sax. to 
 fui)plyj a perfon inveficd with iovereign 
 power over others : mafier. " But now I 
 " was/a/v/— of this fair manfion." Shak. A 
 tyrant, or one v.ho exerts his power to the 
 diHrefs of thofc that are fuhjedt to him; a 
 title of honour given to thofe that are noble 
 cither by birth or ere ;tion, and invefled with 
 the dignity of a baron : by courtefy, it is ap- 
 plied to all Ions of a dwke or marquis, the 
 eldclt fon of an carl, perfcns in honourable 
 offices, and to one that has a fee, and confe- 
 oiiently can cLim homage of his tenants. 
 Jn Scnptare, it is peculiarly applied to Gtd, 
 and fcems tube a traullation of Jehovah, the 
 incommunicable name of God. " Then 
 " lliall theLo;-</ be my God." Ge«. xxviii. 31. 
 In the New Tefiament it is likewife given to 
 Chrill, who is coequal with the Father as 
 touching his godhead. " How then did Da- 
 " vid call him Lord." Matt, xxii. 43, and 
 45. jckn XX, 28. In this fenfc likewile, the 
 word is applied to the Holy Ghoft, 2 TheJ. 
 iii. 5. 
 
 To LORD, V. N. to exercife unbounded 
 authority or power. To behave like a tyrant, 
 ufed with o^ijer. 
 
 LO'RDING, S. a lord; ufed in con- 
 tempt. *' To lord'wgi proud I tuue my lays," 
 Sw'ft. 
 
 LO'RDLING, S. [from lord, and %, 
 a diminutive determination] a little deminu- 
 tive, or contemptible lord. " Fiom lordlings 
 fprung;" Swift. 
 
 LO'RDLINESS, S. dignity; high ftation. 
 Figuratively, pride or haughtinels. 
 
 LO'P<.DL\, Adj. becoming a lord, in a 
 good fenfc. Proud, haughty, imperious, in- 
 lolent, in a bad fcnfe. 
 
 LO'RDSHIP, S. dominion ; power ; feig- 
 
 niory ; domain j a title of honouj- given to a 
 
 3 baron ;
 
 L O U 
 
 baron ; a complimental addrefs to a judge, 
 and fon-.e other perfons in office. 
 
 LORE, S. [/.^;r, Sax. from Z<friZ«, Sax.] 
 a Icflon ; doftrine, or inflruftion. " The 
 " will — heard not her lore. Par.Lofl. 
 
 To LORICATE. V. A. [lorka, Lat.] 
 to plate over. ' ' Nature hath lorkated or 
 ** plaftered over." Ray. 
 
 LO'RIOT, S. a kind of bird. 
 
 To LOSE, V. N. fpreterandpaffive/o/?. 
 This word is difiingiiifiied by its pronunci- 
 
 I. o u 
 
 with a great exalt.ition of voice; in a cla- 
 morous or turbulent manner. 
 
 LOL'DNESS, S. that quality of found 
 which makes it to be heard at a great dif- 
 tance, and to (trikc the drum of the ear with 
 great foice. 
 
 To LOVE, V. A. \lupn, Sax. Ikven^ 
 Belg.] to regard with great defire r.nd aSec- 
 tion ; to be pleafed with ; to be fond o':. 
 
 LOVE, S.*f/fo/; Sax. Ik-ve^ Teut.] the 
 ardent defire of an objccfl which fcems ami- 
 
 jtion from Icofe, though both of them are! able; tha't pafTIon which is excited at tli 
 
 founded as iffpelt with a double co : it is de 
 rived from leofon. Sax.] to fuffer the want of 
 any thing a perfon was poflefled of before. ; to 
 millay or have any thing gone, fo as it can- 
 not be found again, Ufed with the reciprocal 
 pronouns bimfdf, &c. to bewilder ; to l)e em- 
 barafied in an inextricable manner. " Whcre- 
 " in the mind lofes ir/i/y." Loch. To poflefs 
 BO longer, oppofed to retain. " They loji 
 " tlicir trade of the woollen manufactory." 
 Gmiint. Tomifs ; to be unable to recover. 
 " Many more are /o/Z tlian Killed." Clarend. 
 Neutcrly, to be beaten at any game or contelt, 
 ©ppoftd to ivln. 
 
 LO'SEABLE, Adj. fubjeft to be irreco- 
 verably taken away. 
 
 LO'SER, S. one that is deprived of any 
 th'ng he was in poileffion of, by accident, 
 fraud, gaming, or miflaying ; one that fells 
 for Jefs than he buys. 
 
 LOSS, a diminution of a perfon's wealth 
 or poiTefTions by fraud, by accident, by mif- 
 laying fo as not to be able to find again, and 
 by fulling for lefs than prime coll j any detri- 
 ment fulbincJ ; throwing away. 
 
 LOST, Part, and Adj. [from lofe] not t- 
 be found ; not to be perceived. " Half in va- 
 " pours loJi. Dryd. 
 
 LOT, S. [h/Mt, Goth. Net, hlythe. Sax.] 
 a die or any thing ufed in determining a 
 chance ; a condition or chance, determined 
 by lot ; condition, circumftance, or Rate, af- 
 figned by Providence ; a portion or parcel of 
 goods J the proportion of taxes afltfled a per 
 i<)n by the proper officers 
 ♦' lotr 
 
 LOTH, Adj. unwilling; dirtiking, 
 LO'TION, S. [Fr. from ktk, Lat] a 
 medicine compounded of aqueous liquids, and 
 ufed to waih any .part with. 
 
 LO'TTERY, S. [Fr. from hq a kind 
 of public game at hazard, At on foot by au- 
 tliority, in order to raife money for the Oate, 
 confifting of a number of blanks and prizes, 
 which are determined by tickets put in two 
 oppolite wheels, and drawn by different per- 
 fons, one of which contains all liie num- 
 bers, and the other all the blanks and 
 
 fight of anyobjeft that appears amiable and 
 lefireable : it is divided irf to two fpecies, "uix, 
 the love of friendfliip, and of defire, the one 
 betwixt friends, the other between lovers. 
 When applied to the affeflion we fhould ha»e 
 towards our Creator, it is the v.diole man 
 C3:erted in one defire. Figuratively, a lover ; 
 an obje<fl of love; a kind of thin filk, of a 
 black colour, ufed for borders on garments 
 durina a perfon's vvfiiring mournin». 
 
 LOVE-KNOT, S. a figure made of many 
 twiftings and circumvolutions, to denote the 
 inextricable ardour of a perfon's affedion 
 
 LO'VELINESS, S. qualities of mind or 
 body wliich excite love. 
 
 LO VELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to 
 excite love. 
 LO'VELY, Adj. fitted to excite love. 
 LO'VER, S. one who has an ardent aflec- 
 lion for one of anot!>er fex ; a friend 5 one 
 who likes any thing. 
 
 LO'VESICK, Adj. languifhing with love. 
 _ LO'VESOME, Adj. lovely ; fo as to e.^- 
 cite love. " Or beautiful or /ti;f/i».v can ap- 
 " pear," Diyd. 
 
 LO'VE-SUIT, S. courtffiip ; or the ad- 
 dredes of a perfon to one whom he lover, 
 in order to gain her affctlion, " Hvs kzrefuit 
 " hath been to me — as fearful as a fiege." 
 " Shak. 
 
 LOU'GH, S. [/cch, Irilh, loh. Sax.] a 
 lake ; a large inland ftanding water ; a long 
 bay or part of the fsa that runs up a great 
 way into the land. KeeLoch. 
 'To pay fcot and] LO'VJNG, Part, kind ; affedionate ; ex- 
 pre/Iing kindnefs and affc(ftion. " Loving 
 " words." EJi/j. xv. 8. 
 
 LOVTNG-KINDNESS, S. tendemefs ; 
 favour. 
 
 LOVINGLY, Adv. in a manner that 
 (hews great love, kindnefs, and affciftion. 
 
 LOU'JS D'OR, S. [Fr. pronounced Jj?- 
 e dore] a golden coin in France, valued at 
 feventeen (hillings. 
 
 To LOUNGE.V. A. [/ur:dc>'cn, Belg. o;Wfr 
 li terns, I r.] to loiter, or go about without en- 
 gaging in any employ ; to live in an iJleanJ 
 lazy manner. 
 
 LOU'NGER, S. an idler. 
 
 LOUSE, S. [plural /kc ; /us, plural, /ys, 
 
 Ifl. /-(s. Sax.] 1 fmall infcd which breeds on 
 
 the bodies of men or animals, and -ire of dif- 
 
 tUe head loufc is generally 
 
 flu*- 
 
 prizes. 
 
 LOUD, Adj. [hlud. Sax. /uyde; Belg.^ 
 noify ; ftriking the drum of the ear with great 
 ibrce ; cbmorous ; turbulent. 
 
 LOU'DLYj Adv. with a grcj>t Boifej fer^Pt ff^cies
 
 LOW 
 
 Ituggifb, thnt of the body more tfanfpsrenf, 
 and more nim'.ilc. This ijame is likewifcap- 
 plied to anim.ils that rtfemblc tlie former ; 
 hence we make ufc of the v\orJs, kuk-lke, 
 
 XVDcd-llC(, d'c. 
 
 To LOUSE, V. A. [this word is diflin- 
 miifhed from the fubftanlivc by pronouncing 
 Uic\s like »j to hunt for lies j to cleanfc fiom 
 lice. 
 
 LOU'SiLY, Adv. in a paultry, mean, bafe, 
 and fciirvy manner. 
 
 LOU SiNESS, S. the quality of abounding 
 in lice , 
 
 LOU'S Y, Adj. rearming, or over- run wUh 
 lice, Figurjitively, mean ; low-born, or bred ; 
 poor. 
 
 LOUT, S. [/utum, Lat. k-^d, Da'.in.] a 
 niein, aukward, (liipid, and cluv. nilh fellow. 
 To LOUT, V. N. [Utna^, Sax.] to bend 
 the body by way of obeilfance ; to make a 
 Low; to (loop. " Liutir.g low." Ben 
 Johif. 
 
 LOUTISH, Adv. clownilh; aukward. 
 *♦ The /£)«.'?/& clown.' Sidney. 
 
 LOU'TiSHLY, Adv. 'after the manner 
 of a clov.-n, or an aukward, ill-bred pcr- 
 fon. 
 
 LOW, Adj. llJgur, Ifi.] applied to Htua- 
 tlon, impjifs comparifon, and being nearer 
 to the earth tiian fomeihing c!:e : in this 
 fenfe it is oppofcd to hi^h. Applied to Ma- 
 ture, meafuring little, and oppofed to tall. 
 Applied to ftationor condition, mean, or not 
 above the vulgar. Applied to price, not fold 
 or piirchafcd for much money ; cheap. Ap- 
 plied to time, laie. Applied to the mind, 
 deprefied or de^jecled. Applied to found 
 fcarce audible. Applied to (tile orfentiment, 
 mean, groveling, vulgar, Ixife, or dilhonour- 
 able. In Medicine, to make ufe of ablli- 
 Ufrnce, " To keep the body lo^v.'" Lew in the 
 tvorid, implies reduced, or in poor circum- 
 Itance?. 
 
 LOW, Adv. not high, applied to fitua- 
 tion. Cheap or of low price, applied to va- 
 lue. Mean or bafe, applied to rank, cir- 
 cumfiancc, thoughts, or expreffions. Applied 
 to the voice, in fuch a manner as fcarce to 
 Lc Iieard. 
 
 To LOW, V. N. \lkivav. Sax. loeyen, 
 Belg.] to bellow, or make a noifc, applied to 
 that made by oxen, bulls, or cows. 
 
 LOWE, from the Sax. bUi^nv, dr laizv, 
 Goth. fj;;nifies a hill, heap, tomb, or barrow, 
 aiid is ufcd in the namesof places. 
 
 To LO'V/ER, V. A. [pronounced lo-c, 
 the comparative of /t/w] to bring lower ^ 
 to ftrikc -i fl ig by way of fubmiflion ; to 
 leflen the value or price of a thing; to 
 make weaker, by the addition of fome weaker 
 liquor. Figuratively, to dcprefs or lefieii .-> 
 pcrfcn's pride. Neuterly, to link } to fall ; to 
 „,nw leO. 
 
 '^ LC'VVEUMOST, Adj. fthefuperlative of 
 /(W which ii thus compared Mf, liwr, 
 
 L O Z 
 
 /r.7y--«o,'?] l-clow all others in placj, clrcurtf- 
 (lances, or rank. 
 
 I.O'WLAND, S. a vale, or pUin ; op. 
 pofed to an eminence. A country (itListcd low, 
 when compared to thcncigbouring hills. 
 
 LO'WLV, Adv. in an humble manner; 
 meanly or without dignity. 
 
 LO'WLINESi, S. a difpoGtion of mind 
 wherein a pcrfon thinks humbly ofhimfelfj 
 rasannefs ; want of dignity. 
 
 LO'WLY, Adj. humble; thinking modeft- 
 ly of one's felf ; of low rank ; mean ; want- 
 ing di^niiy. 
 
 i.O^WLY, Adv. in an humble or meek 
 manneji-; without any appearance of grand:ur, 
 or dignity. 
 
 LO' WN, S. Ikcn, Belg.] a rafcal or fcoun- 
 dfel. 
 
 LOW'NESS, S. the quality of being near 
 the ground, applied to fituation ; of (hort 
 mcafitre, applied to flature. Meannefs, ap-" 
 pled to condition ; want of rank or dignity. 
 VV^nt of loftinefs or fublimity, applied to 
 thoughts or (lile. Deje(flion or dcpredion, ap- 
 plied to the mind. 
 
 To LOWR., V. N. [the OTw is pronounced 
 as a dipthong, like that in mtv\ to appear 
 dark, gloomy, or ftormy. To be clouded, 
 applied to tlie (l<y. To frown or look ful- 
 Ln ; to appear angrj',. applied to the coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 LOWR, S, [the ctu is pronounced as a 
 dipthong, like that in r.oiu\ cloudinefs or 
 gloominefs, applied to the (ky. An appear- 
 ance of an'jer, applied to the countenance. 
 
 LOW'RINGLY, Adv. with cloudii-efs, or 
 g'.ocinincfs, applied to the fKy. With an ap- 
 I pearance or air of anger applied to the coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 LCAV-SPrRITED, Adj.dejedcd; depref- 
 fcd ; without vioour or vivacity. 
 
 To LOWT, V. A. to look foiirly, furliiy 
 or clovniPiily. 
 
 LOXODROMIC, S. \!o.-<odnmui, Lat. 
 fioiri Xo*;f, and fpr/woc, Gr. j the art of 
 oblique jailing by the rhomb, which r.lways 
 makes an equal ang'e wiili cveiy merid.an. 
 
 LOY'AL, Adj. I Fr.| obedient or true td 
 the dut,y owing to a prince. Figuratively, 
 faithful in love, or true to a lover. 
 
 LOV'aLISTS,S. one who profedL-.? an in- 
 .iolahlc adherence to a king: a term given to 
 thofe who adhered to king Charics I. in the 
 reat rebellion. 
 LOY'ALLV, Adv. with inviolable ad- 
 herence and fidelitv to a king. 
 
 L0Y''\LTV, S. [ioiavlte, Fr.] firm and 
 inviolable adherence to a prince. Figtuative- 
 Iv, fi.V.iiy or immoveable attachment to a 
 lover. 
 
 LO'ZENGE, S. \Icf:ngc, Fr.] a figure 
 corifi'ting of four equal or'paraHd fides, two 
 i)f whofe anglp.": are acute, and the other two 
 ohtufe, the diflancc between the two obtufc 
 onc^ being equal to iJie length of one fiJe, 
 
 la
 
 LUC 
 
 In Heraldry, a rhomb, or fi.«^iue of four 
 eguaS (ides, but unequal anf.les, refcinliling a 
 diamond on cards : in this all unmarried g-a- 
 tlewomen and widows bear thtir arms. In 
 iVIt-'dii ine, a remedy made up into Imall flat 
 pieces, foniething ctiMn ihefonn ofalozcnge, 
 to be held and chewed in the moudi till dif- 
 lolved. 
 
 LP. an abbreviature for loriijhip. 
 LU'LBARD, S. [from /.'.'/;Xc-^] a lazy, 
 flurdy fellow,. " Their curmuJg;ou /.vii/.i/ji." 
 Siv]Ji. 
 
 LU'BBER, S. [from luhhcd, Dan.] a ftur- 
 dy drone ; an idle, far, or bulky perfi^n. 
 LU'RHERLY, Adj. lazy and bulky. 
 LUB'iJKRLY, Adv. in an aukwarJ, la- 
 zy, and clumfy manner. 
 
 IAj, S. a game of cards. See T.oo. 
 LU'BRIC, Adj. {luby\cin, Lat.J fi^pery .- 
 or fo fmoo'.h oFlcrfacs that things would Hip 
 offv. ith the leafl lloping. 
 
 To LUBRI'CATE, V. A. [from hhncm, 
 Lat.j to make frnooth or flipperv. 
 
 ToLUBRI'ClTATE, V. A. See Luh/i- 
 cr.te, 
 
 LUBRrciTY, ?. [lulridt^', Fr ] /lipperi- 
 nefs or fniooihnefsof Ibrrace ; aptnels to glide 
 overany pare, or to facilicitc motion. Ih: 
 " lubricity of the oil. Ray. Uncertainty ; 
 ilippeiinefs; inftability. The luLrldy of 
 "fortune." L Effrang. Wantonncfs ; itwd- 
 nefs. ♦' As if wantonnefs and lubricity were 
 " eflcntia!." Drpi. 
 
 LU'GRlCOUi, Adj. [lubrlcus,L.3.i.'\ flip- 
 pery; fmooth. " Voluble, and lubrictn as 
 " udlasfine" TVeodtu, 
 
 LU'BRI FACTION, S. [from lubrku^, 
 Lat. and/i/fir, Lat.j the aft of making 
 fmoth cr llippery. 
 
 LL'CRIFICATION, S. \luLrkus, and fio, 
 Lat,] tile aifl of rendering fmooth, or fo fiip-i 
 pery as v> render motion cafy, ) 
 
 LUCENT, Part, {luco::, Lat.j bright;} 
 fhining ; dartinj; rays. " Tlie fun's lucent 
 ♦' crb.-^ MUt. 
 
 LU'CID, Adj. [liicidi. Fr. from hcidu^, 
 Lat.J Ihining ; bright ; glitteringj " Lucid, 
 " like a glouvworni." A'c-.vt. Opt. Tranf- 
 parent. " Lucid Orc.ims." Par. Loft. 
 Without any difordcr of tlie mi;id, applied 
 to thofc intervals ol fenfe, which are fome- 
 times met with in mad nerfons. 
 
 LUCI'FEROUS, /ij, {huifcr, Lat.j 
 bringing light either to t|ie eye, or nr.n.l, 
 
 LUCI'FIC, .Ad. making or producing 
 ligijt. " Though their /«c//ff motion Lccon- 
 " tinned. " Grew. 
 
 LUCK, S. l^gehick, Belg.j any thing 
 which happens uncxpciftediy in a jicrfon's fa- 
 vour; fortune cither good or bid; any event 
 that happens without being dcfigned or forc- 
 fccn. 
 
 LU'CKILY, Adv. in a foitunatc man- 
 ner. 
 LU'CKINES", S. the quality of tuinlno 
 
 L U K 
 
 out to a perfun's adv^iiilage, thaugh unJjf* 
 fignedor unforellcn by iiimfelf; cafual hap- 
 pincfs. 
 
 LU'CKLESS, Adj. unfortunate, or \hi- 
 happy. 
 
 LU'CKY, Adj. lg:chu-kig, Belg.] fortunate 
 without any dclign, or contrary to expcdta- 
 lion. 
 
 LU'CRATTVE, Aiy [luc-etif, Fr.j gain- 
 ful ; profitable; lirin<Miig money. 
 
 LU'CRE, S. [lucruKi, Lat.J gain j profit ; 
 incrcr^fc of money. 
 
 LUCRI'FEROU3, Adj. [from lucrum, and 
 f:rc, Lat.J profitable; producing gain. " Nor 
 /.■rcriri-rnis." Boyll. 
 
 LNC'<I'FIC, Adj. producing gam. 
 _ LDCROU'i, Adj. 'J:icroru!, Lat.j procu- 
 r'ng g;:!n or prof.t. 
 
 LUCPA'-nCN, S. wrefiling; rnivin^J 
 flrugglin'T. 
 
 LU'cfuOUS, Adj. [/«cvOT>, Lat.] for- 
 rowful. 
 
 ^ To LU'CUBRATE, V. N. {hcuhvattts, 
 from lucruhor, Lat.j to watch, or ftudy by 
 night, 
 
 LUCUBRATION, S. XJucuhrati,, Lst.] 
 (ludy by candle-light ; any thing compofcd 
 by night. " Thy hcuhvni.nt. have been pe- 
 nifed." SpcEl. No. 78. 
 
 LUCUBRA'TORY, Adj.[/«a/i;-^/aj, Laf.] 
 compofed by night or candie-lighr. " Write 
 " any eriiflle lucuhrarmy to your triends." Poi>e. 
 L'J'CULENT, Adj. [l^cuUntw., Lat.] ccr- 
 t.r.n; plain ; evident. " The moll /;.'a//:«f 
 " telHmonies." Ihok. 
 
 LU'DICROUS, Adj. [ludic^ui, Lat.j bur- 
 lefque ; exciting laughter by its oddity or 
 comic-Aini-fs. 
 
 LU'DICROU,SLY, Adv. in a burlcfciue . 
 manner; in a manner th:it ralfcs laughter by 
 its e;;tr.ivaganrc or o;ldity. 
 
 LU'DICROUSNE^S, S. the cju.ility of 
 hein ■) ri.licii'ous ; the quality of exciting mirtjv 
 or laughter. 
 
 LU'ES, S. a peftilence or plague. 
 LU'ES VE.NtRA, S. the foul difcafe j 
 the dap. 
 
 To LUFF, V. A. \ku<voyer, Fr.] at fea, 
 to hec'p clofe to the '.vind. See Loof. 
 
 To LUG, V. A. \gduggi3n. Sax. j to hale 
 or drag ; to pull with great violence. To lu^ 
 out, or draw a Avoid in burlofque language, 
 " They lug out and cut," Irvd. 
 
 LUG, S. a kind offmalffilh; a land 
 meafure, containing a pole or perch. 
 
 LU'CiGAGE, S. ffrorn /;;_^j any thing 
 cumbiousor un vieldy to carrv. 
 
 Ll^'Ki; WARM, Adj. moderitrly or mildly 
 v.'arm. Applied t-> the affctflions, indi/Fcrent ; 
 MOt ardent, or zealous. 
 
 LU'KE'WARVILY, Adv. with moderate 
 warmth, applied to things, \7ith indiHcrcnce, 
 jjplicd t the af!v(fti )ns. 
 
 LUXEW ARM NESS, S. the quality of 
 being moderately warm, applied tj tling:. 
 
 A5>-
 
 L U N 
 
 AppHci to the affe£li®ns, indifference, or 
 want of ardour. 
 
 To LULL, V. A. r;/,/a,Dan.W/<r«,Belg.] 
 to bring on deep by finging of fome agree- 
 able found ; to compofs, qoii't, or pacify. 
 
 LU'JLLABY, S. fjohnfon obfcrves that 
 nurfes call j^oin:;; to flcep by hy, and confe- 
 qiuntly, lulhhy implies to lull to flcep] a fong 
 made ufe.of by nurfes to niikc c'-.ildren deep. 
 
 LUMRA'CiO, S. in Medicine, a name 
 given to pains about tlie loins, and the fmall 
 of the back, generally preceding ihe fits of 
 a fever or an ague, y 
 
 LL'MCER, S. \ltmn, gdoma. Sax.] any 
 thing tifelefs and camberfome. 
 
 To l-U'MBIi:<, V. A. to heap together 
 in a confufcd manner like iifeiefs goods. 
 
 LU'MINARY, S [liim>mire, Fr. iumi- 
 ■nsre, Lat.] anybody which gives light; any 
 thing which makes a difcovery or gives in- 
 telligence ; a perfon that makes difcoveries 
 and communicates them. " The two great 
 " luir.inancs of this ifljnd." Bentlev. 
 
 LUMINA'TION, S. the ad ot emitting 
 light. 
 
 LU'MINOUS, Adj. [lumlr.cux, F.] fhin- 
 ing ; giving light ; d^iriiug rays ; enlightened; 
 bright. 
 
 LUIVIP, S. \lon'.pe Belg.] a fmall ftape- 
 lef"! mafs; the whole ; all the parts taken to- 
 gether; the grofs. " Several counties are 
 '< Itigmatized in the lump." Sivlft. 
 
 LUMP-FISH, S. afiihfonamed on ac- 
 count of its fi)rm. 
 
 LU'MFIKG, Adj. large; heavy; great. 
 *' Thou Ihilt have a iun;p\r.g pennyworth. " 
 Arhuth. 
 
 LU'.MPrSH, Adj. heavy; grofs; bulky, 
 apphed to things. Dull or inactive, applied to 
 perfons. 
 
 LU'MPISHLY, Adv. in a heavy manner, 
 applied to things. In a (tupid manner, applied 
 to perfons. 
 
 LU'MPISHNESS, S. fluplJ or inaaive; 
 lleavinef^. 
 
 LU'MPY, Adj. full of lumps or of fmall 
 compact malTes. 
 
 LU'NACY, S. [fron Itina, Lnt. the 
 moon] a kind of frtnzy ufujlly moll violent 
 at full moon. Rl.idnefs in general, though 
 mod propcily applied to tliat fpecies, which 
 is fubjc^t to intervals of found memory or 
 judgment. 
 
 LU'NAR, or LU'NARY, Adj. {lunahe, 
 Fr. /'i/ff (»/-;<, Lat.] relating to the moon ; under 
 the dominion of the moon. Lunar pcnoiiical 
 motitts, confift each ofay days 7 hours and a 
 few minutes. Lsnar f ynorliLa! monrhs, coni'id 
 of 29 days 12 hours, and three quarters of nn 
 hour : and iiwar years, of 354 days, or 12 fy- 
 nodical months. 
 
 LL'.MATED, Adj. from luna, Lat.] form- 
 ed like a half moon. 
 
 LU'NATIC, Acij. [/uMtiais, [Lat.] mad ; 
 made mad by the influence of the moon. 
 
 LU'NATJC, S. a ptrfon that h fomc 
 
 L U R 
 
 times of found memory, and at other times 
 mad ; wlio as long as he is with.ou! uno'cr- 
 ftanding, i.';, in law, faid to be ;;c» compos 
 m^r,:ls . 
 
 LUN'A'TION. S. [Iwi^jifon, Fr. from hna, 
 Lat.] the revoluticn of t!ie moon; the pe- 
 riod or fpace of time between one moon and 
 another. 
 
 LUNCH, or LU'NCHEON', S. as much 
 food as one's hand can, hold ; a I'trge piece of 
 biead or meat ; ufually applied to food eaten 
 between meals. 
 
 LUNK, S, [!ur.a, Lat.] any thing in the 
 iTiape of a half moon. In Geometry, a plane 
 in form of a crcfceut or half moon. 
 
 LU'N-ETfcE, S. [Fr.J in fortification, a 
 demilune; an invcloped counterguard or ele- 
 vation of earth made in the middle or the 
 di'.ch before the cunin, confiding of two 
 faces forming a re-entering angle, and ferving, 
 like faulTc-brayes, to difpute the paflagc of a 
 ditch. 
 _ To LUXGf, V. A. [fl//i5ng;fr, Fr.] in Fen- 
 cing to make a pulll. 
 
 LUNGE, in fencing, a pufh. 
 
 LU'NGED, Adj. [from lures'] having 
 lungs; refembling the aiflion of the lungs in 
 drawing and forcing out air. " The Iu:Jged 
 "■ bellows" Dryd. 
 
 LUNGS, S. [Ingena, Sax. lurge, Dan.} 
 the lights or that part of tlie body by which 
 (he aft of breathing is performed. It has nt> 
 finjular. 
 
 LUNIS'OLAR, Adj. [lu,ufc!r.h-e, Fr, frotn 
 luna, Lat. nidjoians, Lat.] compounded of 
 the revolution of tlie fun and moon, 
 
 LUNT, S, [love, Belg. lur.ie, Teut.j t!:e 
 match-cord with which guns are fired. 
 
 LURCH, S. [derived by Ikinner from 
 rryiircbc, Fr. a game of drauglits] in Gaming, 
 tlie aft of winning fo as thjt the opposite 
 party fhali have g-iioed but little or not above 
 a certain number. To ht left in the lurch, is 
 to be deferled in deflrefs. 
 
 To LURCH, V. N. to fhift ; or play 
 
 tricks. Acflively, to win a game with great 
 
 [advantage. Figuratively, to defeat or difap- 
 
 I point. "L«/Ti6 the cNpedfation." 5««//fc. T<* 
 
 ileal privately; to filch, or pilfer. 
 
 LU'RCHER, S. oire that watches or lies 
 in wait to flea!, or to betray, or to entrap j a 
 kind of liound. 
 
 LURE, S. [k:iya, Fr. lere, Belg.] any en- 
 Iticement; anything which promifes advan- 
 ' tage: 
 
 To LURE, V. N. to call back or reclaim 
 hawks wi'.h a lure. Aflivcly, to entice or 
 attraft by fomething which flatters a perfon's 
 hopes or expeiflatioiis. 
 
 LU'RID, Adj. [hrufus, L.it.] gloomy, or 
 difmal. " The luriJ grove." Thcmpfoi:. 
 
 To LURK, ,V, A. to lie in wait j to li« 
 hidden, or clofe. 
 
 LU'RKER, S. a thief that lies in wait til! 
 a proper opportunity offcrj for fecuring hi.s 
 prey. 
 
 LU'RK-
 
 L U T 
 
 LU'RKING-PLACE, S. a klJing or fe- 
 Giet place. 
 
 LU'SCIOUS, AJj. [Came imagine it a con- 
 traftion of deliciom] naufcatinj; wit!) fueti:- 
 ncfs. Cloying by its liciiiiefs or f.itiiefs-, ap 
 plied to animal food. Pleafing ; drlightful. 
 '' The ////"fc.vi propofal of fome gainful pur- 
 •' chafe.' So-M. 
 
 LUS'CIOUSLY, Adv. fo Aveet or rich as 
 to cloy. 
 
 LUb'CIOUSNESS, S. thequality of being 
 fo fvveet or fat, as to cloy foon. 
 
 LU'SER.N,.S. [lufus car-varius, Lat.] a 
 lynx. 
 
 LUSO'RIOUS, Adj. [lufonous, L'>t.] ufed 
 in play. " Luforious lots." Stinderfan. 
 
 LU'SORY, Adj. [lufonotis, Lat.J ufcd in 
 play. 
 
 LUST, S. [Sax. Belg. and Teut.] carnal 
 tx lewJ dedre; any irregular or violent de- 
 tlrc. 
 
 To LUST, V. N. to have an iinchafte 
 defire for ; to defire violently. 
 
 LU'STFUL, Adj. lewd ; having fl-rong 
 and unchafle defires ; having violent, irregu- 
 lar, or intemperate defircs. 
 
 LU'STIHOOD, S. [from Injiy and hood \ 
 O^ bade, Sax.] vigour; fprightlinefs ; bodily 
 flrength. " His May of youth and bloom of 
 " luJIihooJ" Shak. 
 
 LU'STILY, Adv. in a flout or vigoious 
 manner. 
 
 I.U'STINESS. S. nurdlnefs ; great ftrcngth 
 and vigour of body. 
 
 • LU'STRAL, Adj. ^liifimh, Fr. Lijlralh, 
 Lat.J the aft of purifying by water. 
 
 LUSTRE, S. (Fr.J fplendour; glittering 
 briglitnefs ; a fconce made of cut glafs for 
 folding a collection of lights; eminence; re- 
 nown. " W'lien he might live with iufn-e." 
 S-wi/t. The fpace of five years, ffrom lujjrum, 
 iat.1 " Both of us have clofed the tenth 
 •' iuflri." Bolingb. 
 
 LU'STING, S. [pronounced lutejinr.^z] 
 « fhining glofTy filk, invented by the f-rench. 
 
 LU'bTROUS, Adj. [from lujlrc\ bright , 
 fhining. Obfolete. 
 
 LU'STY, Adj. [hjiigjufitgh, Bc!g.],Rout; 
 vigorous ; healthy , (Irong isi body. 
 
 LU'TANIS, Adj. one who plays on the 
 lute. 
 
 LUTE, S. \luth, lut, Fr. .'/.v/j, Ital. luiie, 
 Dan.] in Mufic, a (hinged iudrumeut. In 
 Chemiflry, any compofition made ufc of to 
 faden the different parts of flills or alembics 
 fifed in difHIIation or fiiblimation, from A;.', 
 fr. ox tutum, Lat. 
 
 To LUTE, V. A. to clofe or faflen to- 
 ■gcter with cement or lute. 
 
 LU'THKRAN, S. a perfon who prof.fTJs 
 the principles and do(flrine of Martin Lutlier. 
 
 LUTHER AV, Adj. belonging to Luther. 
 
 LU'THK.RANISM, S. the doifliiae of 
 Martin Luther, a famous reformer in the 
 l6th century, who reduced the niimbci of 
 
 L Y I 
 
 facrnrrents to two, •vix. Baptifm and t?)^ 
 Lord's Supper, maintaining tlie mafs to lie no 
 f.icraracnt, and exploding the adoration of 
 the • Kofi, auricular coiifedion, meritorious 
 works, indulgences, the wc'rfhip of imaoes, 
 the f.idings of the Romiflr church, monuli- 
 cal vows, and the celibacy of the clergy : 
 heoppafed the doftrine of free-will, holding 
 abfoiufe predeftination. 
 
 LU'TULENT, Adj. [lutuhntus, Lat.] 
 muddy. 
 
 To LUX, or LU'XATE, V. A. [luxer-, 
 Fr. luxatus, from luxor, Lat] to put out of 
 joint. 
 
 LUXA'TION, .S. the aft of putting out 
 of joint , the flipping of the head of a bone 
 out of its proper place into another, where- 
 by its motion is deftroyed ; any thing out of 
 joint. 
 
 LUXE, S. [Fr. hxtis, Lat.] luxury. <' Luxe 
 " of coflly pride." Fiior, 
 
 LUXU'RIANCE, or LUXU'RL/^NCY, 
 S. [h/xnritins, Lat.] abundance, applied to 
 plenty. Overgrowth, or excefs in growing, 
 applied to \-rgetab!es, 
 
 LUXU'RIANT, Adj. [luxuries, Lat.] 
 fupcrfluoulij- plenteous ; grovving to excels. 
 
 To LUXU'RIATE, V. N." [k^urhtus,, 
 from luxmior, Lat.] to grow or iliojt to ex- 
 ccfs. 
 
 LUXU'RIOUS, Adj. \h,xurkux, Fr. hx'i- 
 riofui, Lat.) indulging in higli foods or li- 
 quors ; adininiftering to luxury : luftful. 
 " A liixuricur. bed." S.b,ik. Enllaved to, or 
 fofteninghy{-.leari!rc. " Luxurious tz(e, ' Dnd. 
 Luxuriant; (jro^ing or ihooting to excels. 
 
 Ll'XURIOUSLY, Adv. voluptuoully. 
 
 LU'XUR Y, S. ■ /"A-a/-/, Fr. laxurli Lat.] 
 a difpofuion of mind addifted to ple-dure, 
 riot, and fuperfluities ; lult or lewdncfsj 
 luxmiance; exccfs of growth, or plen'eouf- 
 ncfs. Elegance or delicioufnefs-, applied to 
 food. A liate abounding ia fuperlhiiiirs, or 
 fplendor of furniture, cloalhs, food, build- 
 ings, Gff. 
 
 LY, a very frequent termination, l)0th in 
 names of places, adjectives, oradveibs: in 
 the name of a place, it is derived from L-a^, 
 Sax. afield, or pafhire : when it ends an ad- 
 jcflive or adverb, it is derived from He, Sax. 
 implying likencfs, of llie fame nature, or 
 manner. As leitfily, or of the nature of a 
 iicafl. Ece'uLc, Sax. iJdly, or in a bold man- 
 ner. 
 
 LYF., S. and V. See LU. 
 
 LVCA'NTHKOrY, b. [lycsntrofc, Fr. 
 from >.'j)t5c and ajfpMwoc, Gr. ) a fpeeies of 
 maduefs, wherein per-Qins inaaCTincthcmfclves 
 transformed itito, and liowl like, wild bcafis} 
 of this kind, is that difordcr wbic'i is pro- 
 duced bv the bite of a mad dog ; and is by 
 fome called cfnanihrcpl-y. 
 
 LY ING,' S. [from Av] a falfehood ; ijie 
 pr.)C\iccof telling wiltul and crimiojl ftilfe- 
 boods. 
 
 R r LY-
 
 MAC 
 
 LY'ING, Part, [oi lye] fpeaking foh'e- 
 hocxls wilfully. 
 
 LYMPH, S. [lympkc Fr. lymfha, Lat.) 
 in Anatomy, a thin tranfparent, colourlcls 
 humour, like water, fecreted from the f«rum 
 of the blood in all parts of the body, return- 
 ing to it again by its own dufts called /ym- 
 phatia, and fuppofed to be the immediate 
 xiialter of nutritioH. 
 
 LYMPHATIC, S. [hathatiqui, Fr.J a 
 flcnJer, pellucid tube or vedel, wiiofe cavity 
 is contraaed at unequal diflances, Uiferted 
 into the glands of the mefentcry, and fervnig 
 to convey the lymph to the blood. 
 
 LY'MPH-^DUCT, S. [from lynpha, and 
 duEfus, Lat.] a veffcl which conveys tlic 
 lymph. 
 
 LYNX, S. [lynx, Lat.] a wild bcaft fpot- 
 ted all over its body, of a very quick and 
 piercing fight. 
 
 LYRE, S. \lyrc, Fr. lyra, La».] a harp ; 
 the invention of this inftrument is by Barnes 
 afcribed to Jubal, who givesus ihehifiory of 
 the variations it underwent from his time to 
 that of Anacreon. 
 
 LY'RIC, Adj. [lyricm, Lat. lynqtie, Fr.J 
 fomething fet for, or fung to, th( harp. 
 
 LY'RIC, S. afpeciesof poetry, conlillmg 
 of fongs that arc fet or fung to the lyre, and 
 was fomething like our airs, odej, or fongs ; 
 a perfon who writes lyric poetry, odes or 
 fonns. " The old Grecian /yr;a." Addif. 
 
 LY'RIST, S. \lyrijlus, tat.] a mufician, 
 uho phys upon the lyre or harp. " The 
 «' charming />'ri/V." Fo/f. 
 
 MAC 
 
 MA liquid confonant, the twelfth 
 letter in the Englifh alphabet. It 
 ^ is pronounced by ftriking the upper 
 lip againft tlie lo'.ver, in which its pronun- 
 dation almoft agrees with that of B. The 
 ftape of our capital M it the fame as that of 
 the Goths, which fcems to be borrowed from 
 the Greek. It has one unvaried found, and 
 is never mute. In abbrevistions it Hands, in 
 aftronomical tabic;, for tncridiav, mericdwal, 
 (cutbein, or r.azn ; in Medicine, for make, or 
 ioxmugel, I. e. a handful. In Law, it is ufed 
 for the brand with which a perlon is burnt in 
 the hand for maaflaughter ; ajul in numbers, 
 ^■ith a dafh over it thus M, (lands for a 
 thoufand. 
 
 MACARO'NIC, S. [rr.acarwique, Fr,] a 
 confufed heap ; a huddle of fcvcial things to- 
 jrethcr j a coarfc, rude, clown'dh fellow. 
 «» To hear this macaionk talk on in vain." 
 Donne, Hence the maiarovk ft'ik, lu Poetry, is 
 a low ftile, wherein the language is deiignedly 
 corrupted, and confil^s of a hodge-podge oJ 
 iifiorent tongues. A kind of fwect btfcait 
 
 MAC 
 
 ma^e of flour, almonds, eggs and fugar. 
 MACK, S. [nuiffs, Fr, n-.a^cz-a, Ital.] an 
 enfign of authority borne betbre mjgiOrates, 
 maie oi filver, and fomeiimes having an 
 open crown at the top. A kind of I'pice of a 
 thin, flat, membranaceous fubllancc, an ole- 
 aginous and ycllowifl) colour, an extremely 
 fragrant agreeable fmcU, a plcafant, but 
 acrjd, and oily tafte, being the fecond cover- 
 ing of tlie nutmeg, and ufed in medicine as a 
 carminative, (lomachic, and allringent ; front 
 vid:'n^ Lat. 
 
 MA'CE-BEARER, S. one who carries the 
 mace befora a mngiftrate. 
 
 To M.A'CERA FE, V. A . {maccratvsy 
 from macfo, Lat.] to make lean ; to wear 
 away ; to fJecp a thing till it is almoft diflblv- 
 ed, either with or without heat. 
 
 MACERA'TION, S. the aft of wafting 
 or making lean ; mortification. In Medi- 
 cine, an infufion either with or without 
 heat, whereby the ingredients are intended 
 to be almoft diflolved. 
 
 MACHIAVI'LIAN, Adj. according to 
 the principles of Machiavel ; crafty, fubtle, 
 cunning. 
 
 MACHIAVI'LIANISM, S. the doftrinc 
 or principles laid down by Machiaval in his 
 Prince, or the practice of politics, or doing 
 any thing to compafs a dcfi^ without any 
 regard to the peace or welfare of fubjcas, 
 the dilates of honelly and hcaour, or tlic 
 precepts of religion. 
 
 lo MA'CHINATE, V. A. [machinatutt 
 from piach'mcr, Lnt. machiner, Fr.] to plot, 
 contrive, or devife. 
 
 MACHINA'lION, S. [Fr. tnadinath, 
 Lat.] r pier, artifice, or wicked contrivance 
 agaii;ll- ,1 perfon, 
 
 MACHINE, S. [Fr. pronounced w<7/&i?c« ; 
 mchbut, Lat. from /us^xm, Gr.] a contri- 
 vance or piece of workmanfhip coaifting of 
 feveral parts, compofed with ait, and made 
 ufe of to produce motion fo as to fave cither 
 time or force ; an engine. 
 
 MACHl'NERY, S. [pronounced wa^e- 
 nery] any workmanlhip confifting of a va- 
 riety or parts; an engine of which the fe- 
 veral parts are fet in motion by fome princi- 
 ple contained in itfelf. In Poetry, that part 
 which the deities, angels, or ilemoni per- 
 form. In tl;ea[:ical exhibitions, the engine* 
 made ufe of to introduce perfons in a furpria- 
 ing manner on the ftagc, or the contrivances 
 made ufe of to fiiift the appearance of thiugs, 
 fo as to caufe aftonilhment. 
 
 MACKEREL, S. [mainJl, Dan. maclirtlf 
 m.-.bil, Teut. maianau, Fr. ] a well know« 
 falt-water fi(h, commonly in fcafon ia the 
 month* of May and June. 
 
 MACKEREL-BACK, S. alow word, ap- 
 plied to a perfon that is tall and (lender. 
 
 MA'CROCOSM, S. [ma.rocafmc, Fr. from 
 (AAAfoi ud ^ory-oiy G».] the great world or 
 univcrfc. 
 
 M.VCU-
 
 MAG 
 
 MA'CULA, S. [Lat. plural macular] a 
 fpot. " The boJy of the fun may contra^ 
 •' fome macuLe." Bro^vn, In Phyfic, any 
 fpot on the fkin. 
 
 MAD, Adj. [gemaad or gcma'd,SaK. nato, 
 It.il.] dilordered in the mind, or deprived of 
 the ufe of reafon. Figuratively, hurried away 
 by any violent or unreaibnable dcfire. 
 
 To MAD, V. A. to deprive of reafon ; to 
 raife to fuch a pitch of palTion that a perfon 
 is not under the government of reafon ; to 
 make furious or enrage. Neuterly, to run 
 mad, or become furious. 
 
 MA'DAM, S. [ma dame, Fr. my lady] a 
 term of compliment ufed to woman of every 
 degree. 
 
 MA'D-BRAIN, or MA'D- BRAINED, 
 Adj. difordered in mind ; hot-headed. 
 
 MA'DCAP, S. a madman ; a wild, 
 thoughtlefs, or hot-brained perfon. 
 
 To MA'ODEN, V. N. to become wild, 
 furious, or mad. Aftively, to make mad 5 to 
 enrage or make furious. 
 
 MA'DDER, S. [maddre. Sax. meed, Belg. 
 madera, Ital.] in botany, called iikewifc /■«- 
 lia, a plant ulcd in dying red. 
 
 MADE, Participle pi eter of «fl,<f, 
 
 MADEFA'CTiON, S. [from mad^faBm, 
 ©f madefac'io, Lat.] the aft of making wet. 
 " To all madtfanion." Bac. 
 
 MA'D-HOUSE, S. a houfe where mad 
 people are confined. 
 
 MA'DLY, Adv. in a furious^ raging, or 
 iunatic manner. 
 
 MA'DMAN, S. a perfon deprived of the 
 ufe of reafon. 
 
 MA'DNESS, S. a difordered underfland- 
 ing ; the (late of a perfon out of his fcnfes j 
 tury, wildnefs, or rage. 
 
 MA'DRIER, S. a thick plank, fometimes 
 armed with Iron plates, having a cavity fuffi- 
 cient to receive the mouth of a petard, with 
 which it is applied agiinft a gate, fe'f. defigned 
 to be broken down ; a long and broad plank 
 ufed for fupporting the earth in mines, gal- 
 leries, &c. 
 
 MA'DRIGAL, S. [Fr. and Span, madri- 
 gale, Ital. J originally a pafloral, at prefeht, a 
 little amorouspoem or fong, containing a cer- 
 tain number of unequal verfes, not cortfined 
 either to the fcrupulous regularity of a fon- 
 nct, or the fubtlcty of an epigram, but con- 
 fifting of fome tender and delicate, yet fimplc, 
 thought, properly exprefled. 
 
 MAGAZINE, S. [Fr. pronounced w^g-tf- 
 xeen ; n.ggacen. Span, rr.ugaxir.ee, Ital, J a 
 llore-houie, generally appliiil to an arfc-nal, 
 cr place wherein military ftores are laid up j 
 a mifcellaneous pamphlet, fo called from a 
 periodical mifccllany, or coUeftion of va- 
 rious pieces, generally publiflied monthly. 
 
 MA'GGOr, S. \magrod, Brit, mathu. Sax 
 n.im;, Teut.] a fmall kind of a worm, of a 
 wiiitiih colour, found in ngts, i^:. whidi 
 
 MAG 
 
 turns into a fly. Figuratively, a whimfej 
 caprice; an odd fancy. 
 
 MAGGOTTINESS, S. the Qate of hav- 
 ing or abounding in maggots, 
 
 MA'GGOTTY, Adj." full of maggots. 
 Figuratively, whimfical ; capricious, 
 
 MA'GI, S. [deiived by fome from the Per- 
 fian, which fignifies a prielf, hut by Voflius 
 from nUO Heb. to meditate, whence C?]3'7Q 
 Heb. perfons addicted to (hidy, or mtJita. 
 tion] a title given to the antient pbilofo- 
 phcrs, among the Perlian5, "ho were the 
 chief pcrfonages in the kingdom, and had 
 the manupcment of public ^tluirs. 
 
 MA'GIC, S. {magia, Lat.] in its primary 
 feiife, tlie doiflrine of the ancitnt magi a- 
 mong ihc Perfians ; the knowledge of fccret 
 opeiations of the powers of nature, or a fci- 
 ence which teaches to produce furprizing 
 and extraordinai-y tfTecfls. " Writers of natu- 
 ral ;«a£;V." Bac. A correfpcndence with bad 
 fpirits, by means of which a perfon was able 
 to perform fuprizing things ; forcery. 
 
 MA'GIC, Adj. afliiig by the co-operation 
 of evil fpirits; afting by irrefiQible inHucnce. 
 " By magic numbers and perfuafive found." 
 Congn-vs. 
 
 MA'GICAL, Adj. aftingor performed Iiy 
 fecret and invifible powers, either of nature, 
 or evil fpirits. 
 
 MA'GICALLY, Adv. by the adinrnce or 
 co-operation of evil fpirits ; according to the 
 rules of magic, or the praftice of magicians. 
 
 M.VGICIAN, S. [magicus, Lat.j a con- 
 jurer; one fuppofcd to be /killed in magic. 
 
 MA'GISTERIAL, Adj. [from m^pl^c-, 
 Lat.] fuch as becomes a mafier ; alfo lofty, 
 arrogant, proud or imperious. In Chcniif- 
 try, prepared chemically, or after the man- 
 ner oi a magiflery. " The magijieiial fait." 
 Grew. 
 
 MAGISTE'RIALLY, Adv. in a proud, 
 imperious, or infolent manner. 
 
 M^GISTE'RIALNESS, S. the quality 
 of ordering in a proud, haughty, and infolent 
 manner, 
 
 MA'GISTERY, S. [magificrhm, 'Lat.'\m 
 Chcmiftry, a very fine powder made by folu- 
 tion and precipitation, 
 
 MA'GISTRACY, ,S. [magljiratus, Lat.] 
 the office or dignity of a perfon who is charg- 
 ed with authority or government over others, 
 
 MA'GISTRATE, S. \magift,at>,s. Lat. J 
 a perfon publickly invefled witli autlmiity, or 
 the government of othcis. 
 
 MA'GNA-CHARTA, S. [Lat. the [rrc.n 
 paper or charter] the great charter of ihe li- 
 beriies and laws of England : its origin m.-y 
 be derived even from Edward the Confcllor, 
 and was continued by Henry I. and his Aic- 
 cefibrs, Stephen, Henry the ."Second, and 
 king John, but that more pirtii ularly meant 
 by tiiis word, was granted in the nin'h year 
 of Henry III, flnce which. Sir Ldw.iid Cuke 
 R t 2 obferv ci
 
 M A I 
 
 obftivcs, tliat, cvrn in his days, it hid been 
 Coiifirnii.o above; ililrty times. 
 
 M .-. G M A N I'M I T Y, S, [wagvaaimire, Fr. ] 
 a iii('pofiii<in of mind exerted in contcinnin;: 
 daiig(.'i-s and difficulties, in fconiin^ tempta- 
 tions, and di-rpiling earthly pomp and fplen- 
 dor. 
 
 MAGNA'NIMOUS, Adj. [niagnan'wiui, 
 Lat] cour;'geciu ; generous; biMve. 
 
 MANM'NIMOUSt.Y, Adv. with grcat- 
 ncfs of mind, and contem-^ t of dangers, tiit- 
 fici:!tics, plcafiires, and external fonip. 
 
 M^.'GNET, S. [tnagncs, Lat.j the load- 
 ' ftr.ne. SvC ic. df^onc. 
 
 MAG N'E'TIC, or MAGNETIC AL, Adj. 
 relating to tlse loaditor.e ; liaving the quili- 
 ties or properties of attrading boJics like the 
 loaddone. 
 
 MAGNETISM, S. the attractive power 
 or property of the loadftone ; the power of 
 attradlion, 
 
 MAGNIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from jv^o-^i^'] 
 capable of being extolled or prafcd. 
 
 MAGNITiC, orMAGNl'flCAL, Adj. 
 [magrifuui, Lit. J noted ; illuftrious; grand, 
 or noble. ^' Ey.CctA'n-\gmagtiif,cal oi fame." 
 I Chro!'. xxii. t. 
 
 MAGNi'FlCENCE, S. \Vv.magmficentw., 
 L:it.l grandeur of apj esrance, confiiting in 
 build!n'^<:, cloathi;, or furniture. 
 
 MAGNIFiCKNT, Adj. \maih]JiciiS, Lat-l 
 grand in appearance; ftiiking the eye with 
 an nppe-.MMncc of richnefs, pomp, or fplcn- 
 do'- ; fond of fplcndor, or an appearance of 
 rich 
 
 MAI 
 
 MAI'DENLY, Adj. like a maid ; nao, 
 deftly ; gently ; timoroully. 
 
 MAI'D-SLRVANT, S. a woman or fc- 
 .•nale f:rvanr 
 
 MAJL'STSC, or MAJE'STIC^L, Adj. 
 \hom r,:ijj.j1y'] aupufl , noljle ; git^t ; (fat- 
 ly ; pompous; hihiimc 5 elevated, or Icf'.y. 
 
 MAJL'STICALLY, Adv. with dignity 
 or grandeur ; with loftinci's of ftile or fenti- 
 ments 
 
 MA'JESTV, S. [wajcfcs, L.U.] greatnefs ; 
 digi.ity ; power <r fovercignty ; the title 
 given to kings and >jiirtns. 
 
 MAIL, S. [vuiuu; Fr. I n coat of ftcel 
 net- work, worn formerly for defercc; an*^' 
 aimoui; a bag or poliman's btmdie of let- 
 ters, from rank, or malcii^ Fr. 
 
 To M.-ilL, V. A. to arm or drcfs in a 
 coat of mail ; to cover as with armour. 
 " Mdi'd up in fhame." Skak. 
 
 To MAiM, V. A. to cut off any mem- 
 ber ; to hurt or v.ound. 
 
 i\'IAJN, S. thecaof cutting off a limb, 
 or diOtblinga per.'bn by a blow. 
 
 MAIM, Adj. ["r.v:^cr;.Y, old Fr. magmn, 
 Lat ] principal or chief; vaft ; grofs, w 
 containitng tlie cliiefpait. 
 
 MAIN S. the grofs, bulk, or grentefr 
 part ; force, from ricgcn, Sjx. " Wit'-" mij'ht 
 " and ma'iny liudib. A haad, at dice ; the 
 great ocean ; the continent. " Invaded the 
 " rr.Li'iniji Spain." Bac. 
 
 MAI'KLAKD, S, the continent. " Cifce's 
 " hills fioni the :>:ni>i!atjd divide." Dryd. 
 
 MA'NLY, Adv. chieRy or principally ; 
 
 the chief or miJdic 
 
 MAGNiriiiO, S. rital. plural ?«.7';r;/j- irreaily <>r powerfully. " He cannot but in - 
 cGcs] a gr.indec of Venice. '' J he duke him- , " c\t:\tc Kn'inly.'^ Jinc 
 <' felf and the ww^«//;i:i«.' Shok. MAi'NMAST, S. 
 
 MAGNIFl'ER, S. one that praifes, or mall of a ftiip. 
 extols a perfon. In Optics, a gl'ifs which MAl'N'PERNOR, S. a pcrfon to whom 
 makes objects .".ppear larger than liiey are. [one in cufloiiy is delivered, upon his beconi- 
 
 To MA'GNIFY, V. A. [ma^nijuo, Lat.] jing bound lor l:is appearance; a fi.rety or 
 to make'gteat ; to cxto! with praiil: ; to ex- bail. 
 
 alt; to ele\ate or raife higher in ellcem. j M.4iINPRlSE, S. ffrom Tvs'n, Fr. tlx 
 " Thee— thy thunders OTfl^r/,^!-.-/." Per. I^. | hand, and pnfc, fr. taken] in Law, the rc- 
 Jn Optics, to make a thing appear l.irger cciving a perlon into fricnci) c;.!lody, who 
 
 than it is 
 
 M.'-.'GNITUDE, S. greatnefs, applied to 
 f'ze ; comparative bulk ; f:ze. Grandeur, or 
 luhjimiiy, applied to fentimcnt 
 
 ctherwife ir.uil have pone to prir)n, on ftcu- 
 rity given that he Ihall be forthcoming at a 
 certain time or place appointed. It differs 
 from La:!, becaule a perion is in this cafe 
 
 MA'GPYE, S. a bird parti coloured with | faid to be ;;t large from the d.iy of his being 
 
 black and white, fomeiir.-.es taught to talk 
 Vkd figuratively, and by way of reproach, 
 of a per.on who talks to cxccfs. 
 
 MAin, or MAIDEN, S. [/.-..r/j.'/-, Goth, 
 jrrf-;;//.', ;?:rf-i^in, Sax iiaJ,}, Veil. \ a virgiis, 4 
 uoman-fcrvant. A firti, a fp^ci>-suf Ikaie. 
 
 MA'IDEN, Adj. confiiting of virgins; 
 frclh ; new; unufcJ ; unpolluted. " By 
 ♦' this ni.^u.'e" blollbm." iS/.ii. 
 
 MAI'DENI-jEAD, S. [ f vom Ko-gt'-rade, 
 or n.^iJcuhcad, Sax.] ilie flale or condiiion of 
 a maid or pure virgin ; virgiuiiy. figura- 
 livfly, newuLls j frelhncl*; an unpo.luttd 
 llatc 
 
 mainprilcd until the day of appearance; l»ut 
 where a perfon is bailed till a certain day, he 
 is in Uu ;:!wa)s accounted to be in the ward 
 of l.is liail till that time who may, if they 
 plcafc, keep him under confinennut. 
 
 To MAL'Nt'RjSK, V. A. to receive a 
 perfon iiMo fiicndly cuftody, by giving fecn- 
 rity for his appearance at a certain time or 
 d.iy appointed. 
 
 MAINSAIL, S.ihefailof the mainmafl. 
 
 M AI'NSHEET, S. the (heet or fail of the 
 maiumall. 
 
 To MAINTAl'N, V. A. Imahtmr, Fr,] 
 to picfctvc or kee;? ; to dtlcuJ or hold out ;
 
 M A K 
 
 to vindicate or iuftify ; to fupport or keep vip 
 an expcnce ; !o fupply wiih theconvcii'.cncies 
 of life ; to affii t poAtively. 
 
 MAINTAI'NAGLK, Adj. [from tr-ain- 
 ta'w] defennWe ; ju.iifiaLlc. 
 
 MAITAJNl'lR, S. one that fiipplics 
 anothei- v\itli the conveiiiencies of life; one 
 that dctcnds a plaae or port again ft an enemy j 
 one that aflerts and iupports any doctrine by 
 arguments. 
 
 MAl'NTENANCE, S. [mMntenant. Fr.] 
 a livelihood j a fu(Iicii.-ncy to fupply vvitli the 
 
 M A L 
 
 or folvc a difficulty; to prove or evince. T'^- 
 n:ake fuie of, to look upon, or confider as 
 certain j to (ecuie the pollcfiion of. To nuie 
 •way, to force a pafijgf; to inttuJiicc ; to 
 proceed. " We could moke little, or no 
 " way." 
 
 MAKE, S. ffrom the verb] form ; parti- 
 cular Ihape ; nature. " 
 
 WA'KE-EATE [from tr.jke and beat, or 
 debate] a perfon who excites qiiiirrtls. 
 
 MA'KLR, S. the Creator ; one who 
 produces any thing; one who fcis a thing or 
 
 con veil icncies or n^cel^arles of life; fupport, i peifon in an advantageous dare. 
 
 protedUoi), or defence ; continuance without 
 f.tiiii e. 
 
 MAl'NTOP, S. the top of the main- 
 •mafl. 
 
 MAI'NTOP-GALLANT-MAST, S. a 
 m.id half the length of the m;intop-mall. 
 
 MAI'NiOi'-MAST, S. a maft half the 
 ki\:;t!) of t'le mainmaft. 
 
 MAIM- YARD, S, the yard of the main- 
 m:ift. 
 
 MA'JOR, S. [the comparative of ;«i2^»«5, 
 I.at.] greater in number, quantity, extent, 
 4U..r,ty, or digriity. 
 
 MA'jOR, S. In the Army, an officer a- 
 bove tJie captain, and (he lowcit field oincer, 
 Tn Logic, the finl propofilloa in a regular 
 fyilo^ifin. A perfi)ii who is of ^ge to manage 
 his ii'.vn affairs ; thccldcit of two. 
 
 xAiAJORA'lIOM, .S. the aft of making 
 gicattr; increafe; enlargement. 
 
 MA'JOR-DOMO, S. [Ital. majcw doino, 
 Fr. ] one v.ho occafionuUy holds the place of 
 tiie niaftcr of a houfc ; a fteward ; a mailer 
 oi a family. , 
 
 MA'JOR GENERAL, S. a general offi- 
 ocr of the fccond rank, who receives the ge- 
 neral's orders, gives them to the majors nf 
 brigades, and commands on the left when 
 tlicre are two attacks at a fiege. 
 
 MAJO'RITY, S. the frate of being 
 greater ; the greater number ; from majciiee', 
 Er, 
 
 To MAKP^, y. A. [preter and participle 
 .didije m,jcli ; fiom via^an, Sax.] to create; 
 to form fioin niatcrials ; to compofe ; to do, 
 pvrti.rm, piaflifc, or nfe ; to canfe to have 
 any quality, or biing into any (lite. To 
 Compel or force, followed by a verb. " Made 
 " to rife." h'jckc. To fell, fo as to gain, 
 " He makes five marks." ^huk. To make 
 aiL-ny, to kill or dtflroy. " IMakc aio^y his 
 brother." Shak. 1 o transfer. " Debtors to 
 " fomc friend vmlc all away." iVoAky. To 
 ir.akc amends, to recc.m pence or repay, T» 
 ni.:ke ficciu'i'.h, la treat without ceremony. 
 To m.-ike gcod, to niiintain, defejid, julHty, 
 
 fulfil, or accomplifh. To ma^r /iglt cf, to | ill, an<lj.\'n, Lat. tn do . .nciimc, " They 
 confider as of no importance or confequence. I " have prochimed tin ir ma/e/acftoKs." Si/ai. 
 To make lo-ve, to court. To make mcny, to feaft Not in iiie 
 
 or partake of a jovial entertainment. 7c »;jii; M.»LEl'RA'CTICE, S, r.ny bad prartic* 
 cicr, to trinsfer ; to fettle in the hands of or IiaM'. ; any piaclicc contiary to lettledruifs 
 -niiUecs, To make our, to clear up, explain, . or cu-lom-. 
 
 I R 1 3 MALE 
 
 M.A'KEPEACR, S. one that reconciles 
 perfons at variance ; a peacemiker. *' To 
 '■ hi z-m-ike^cacc" Shak, 
 
 MA'KEWEiGHT, S. any thing thro-.vn 
 in ro make up weight. 
 
 MA'LACHITE, S. [ /xjXavx, Gr. J a 
 .ftone, Icmetimes entirely green, r;i;t lighter 
 than the nephritic lk>ne, fo as to rcfcmble 
 the leaf of the mallow, from whence it has 
 its name. 
 
 MA'LADY, S. \maladic, Fr. m.ilsdia, 
 Ital. J a difeafe; a diforder in the body; 
 fickncrs. 
 
 MALA'NDERS, S. [from r.v.'/ar.d ar.datc, 
 Ital, J a diieafc in horfes, conlilting of a dry 
 fcab on the paOern. 
 
 MA'LAPEa .'■, Adj. ^malmA /cr/jfaucy ; 
 quick in making replies, but impudent or 
 fancy. 
 
 MALAPE'RTNESS, S. livelinefs or 
 quick ncfs in making reply, attended with 
 faucintfs. 
 
 MALAP'ERTLY, A,\v. fancily. 
 MALE, Adj. [mak, tr. mnhulus, Lat.] 
 belonging to the he-fcx, oppofed to femile. 
 MALK, S. ihelie of any fpecies. 
 M^LE, in c.impolltion, imj^'lies ill, and 
 is derived from mnh, Lat, male, old Fr. 
 
 MALE-ADMINlSTRA'l ION, S. bad 
 conduct, or management of afl'airs. 
 
 MALE'CONTENT, S. one difTitisfieJ 
 with the meafures of government ; a fomtn- 
 tcr of fcdition in a Hate. 
 
 MALECO.MrE'NTED, Adj. difcontent- 
 ed ; diilatisfied. 
 
 MALECONT'ENTEDLY, Adv. in a dif- 
 faiisfied or difcontcntcd manner. 
 
 MALECO.VTE'N f EDNE-S, S. difcon- 
 tcntcdneii ; difaffcflion to a government. 
 
 MALEDl'CTED, Adj. [-•.•.../tj'v.vVi, Lat.] 
 accnrfcd. 
 
 MAi.EDrCTIONT, .S. [Ff. maUdHHo, 
 Lat.Jacurfe; execration; t!)e r.ft of de- 
 nouncing or widiing evil lo fjll upon a pcr- 
 fou. 
 
 MALEF-VCTION, S. 1 from ««/,, Lat. .
 
 M A L 
 
 M ALE'VOLENCE, S.[ma!e-vcL-nM, Lat,] 
 ill will ; 31 inclination to hurt. 
 
 M ALE'VOLENT, Adj. [mnlefo/ais, Lat.] 
 ill dilpofeJ towards iinothtr; inclined to do 
 anothfi- a mi'.ehicf. 
 
 M.'\LEVOLENTLY, Adv. after a man- 
 ner which fhews LH incli'.Kition to hurt. 
 
 MA'LICE, S. [Fr. v.j/itia, Lat.] delibe- 
 rate mifchicf ; a long continued defire of re- 
 veii^je or liiirtin;; otliers. 
 
 MALI'CIOUS, Adj. [vialicieux. Fr. w/»/f- 1 formed thereby 
 t-o/us, L.dt. I ]^rc(eiv\Tig a cor.xinmlfroper.fityl MALLEABLENE3S, S. the quality of 
 and refolution towards revenge, or injuring being hummered into various form!>. 
 
 M A N 
 
 To MALL, V. A. to beat or flrike with 
 a mall. See Maul. 
 
 jMA'LLARD, S ^vin'art, Fr.j the male 
 of tl-.e fpecies of wild ducks. 
 
 MALLEABI'LITY, S, [from malUahh] 
 the cjuality of be.ring to be beaten, and iprcad- 
 ing under the llrokcsof the hammer. 
 
 MA'LtEABLE, Adj. [Fr.- from ivaUcus, 
 Lat. a hammer] capable of enduring the 
 ftrokes of a hammer, and being varioufly 
 
 otiicrs. 
 
 iM.\LrCIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner 
 which ll'.ews an habitual third of revenge, 
 or a deliberate intf ntion of doing mifchitf. 
 
 MALI'CIOUSNES, S. the quality of 
 brooding long upon injurlts, and being obfti- 
 natcly bent for Ibine time to do a ptr.'bn a 
 mifchicf. 
 
 MALI'GN, S. [pronounced mal'ihn ; from 
 v.aUgr.e, Fr. nuir.gnui, Lat.] ill difpofed to- 
 Wirds any one ; llron^ly and obftinately bent 
 to do a perfon mifchief. In Medicine, infec- 
 tious, pellilential, or fatal to the body. '' Ma- 
 ♦' /;>.i ulcers." Bac. 
 
 To MALIGN, V. A. to regard with 
 envy or malice j to do a mifchief ; to re- 
 venge. 
 
 MA'LIGNANCY, S. [from malignant] ma- 
 lice ; unfavourablencfs. In Medicine, a de- 
 ftruftivc tendency. 
 
 MALl'GNANr, Adj. [Fr.] envious; 
 unfavourable: malicious; revengeful. In 
 Medicine, mortal or endangering life. " Ma- 
 " lignan: fevers." 
 
 MALIGNANT, S. a perfon of ill inten- 
 tions, or malicioully difpofed. 
 
 MALI'GNANI LY, Adv. in a malicious 
 tyr mitcluevous mmner. 
 
 ?>L\LrGNER, S- I pronounced Vff/;*«frl 
 
 ToMA'LLEATE, V. A. [malleus, Lat.] 
 to hammer ; to forge or fhape by the ham- 
 mer. " MaUeating metals." Derkam. 
 
 MALLET, S. [malleus, Lat.j a wooden 
 hammer. 
 
 MA'LLOV/S, S. [malu. Sax. malva, 
 Lat.] a plant fo called from its emollient or 
 foftening qualities. 
 
 MA'LMSEY, S. [fo called from Malvafa, 
 where it is produced] alufciou wine; fack. 
 
 MALT, S. [/7.w/r, Sax. »2tf/r, Dan. J barley 
 fteeped in water till it fprouts, and then dried 
 in a kiln. 
 
 MA'LT-MAN, or MA'LSTER, S. one 
 who make or deals in malt. 
 
 MALVERSA'TION, S. [Fr.] a mean, 
 bafe, wicked, ar.d fraudulent trick or fliift. 
 
 MAM, or MAMMA, S. [mam, mamncg, 
 viammivys, Brit, mamma, Lat. This word 
 is ufed as an addrefs to a mother in almoft all 
 languages, and is therefore by Skinner fup- 
 poled to be the language of nature, and the 
 firft word a child pronounces] a mother. 
 
 MA'MMEl , S. [a diminutive of mam'\ a 
 puppet or doll. '■' To play with mammelt" 
 SL!k. Obfilete. 
 
 MA'MMEATED, Adj. [mammeatus, Lat-J 
 havinij paps or teats. 
 
 MAM'MIfORM, Adj. [mammtforme, Fr,] 
 
 on« who is obOin:itc-ly bent to do r.nother a having the (hape of a breaft, pap, or dug. 
 
 niifci^icfj a pcribn who ccnfurcs in a far- 
 CiiVic manner. 
 
 MALIGNITY, S. [wj%f;/.'/, Fr.] hurt- 
 fuh-.tfs or evilneG of natuie j a difpofition 
 ot'ftinatcly bad or malicious. Jn Phyfic, a 
 quality which endangers and threatens life. 
 
 .MALIG'NLY, Adv. [pronounced ma- 
 iihrly] tnvioufiy ; with malice, or an obfli- 
 Ti;.fe inclination to do ill. 
 
 TVL\'LKIN, S. [from n:al, a contraif>ion 
 of Mary, and y^.-H-, a diminutive termination] 
 a kind of mop made of ?louts, with which 
 l):.kt rs fweep or clean their ovens. Figura- 
 tivdy, a fig'irc mnde up of rags ; a dirty 
 wench. " The kitchen malkin." Stat. 
 
 MALL, S. [?iuil, Ft.] a ftroke or blow. 
 " Gave that reverend head a mall." Hud'ib 
 A mallet ; a walk where they formerly ufed 
 to play with malls and balls ; whence the 
 ri.tt! in St. James'a fwrk ; and Pall-mall near 
 hit majcily's palace at St. James's. Moll, 111. 
 a v. alk paved wiili (hells. 
 
 MA'MMOCK, S. a large (hapelefs piece j 
 an otfaj or fr.ignicnt of meat. 
 
 To MA'MMOCK, V. A. to tear ; to 
 pull into pieces in fuch a manner as to raifc 
 fqueamiftinefs in the beholder. 
 
 MA'MMON, S. [Syr.] the god of riches. 
 Figuratively, tichcs. 
 
 MAN, S. [plural men ; manna, Goth. 
 man, plur.-il, mdtrn, mun. Sax.] a human 
 being ; a male, oppofed to a woman. A 
 perfon full gro*n, oppofed to a boy. A ra- 
 tional creature, oppofed to a beaft. Ufed in 
 a loofe fenfe for any one. " A man would ex- 
 pert to find," Add'ij. A moveable piece of 
 ' wood ufed in playing at chefs or draughts. A 
 male fervant ; of mcna. Span, a ilave. A 
 man of 'zvar, is a (hip of war. 
 
 To MAN, V-. A. [manncK ten fiadt, Beig, 
 to mana town] 'to farnifh, fupply or guard 
 with men. Figuratively, to fortify or 
 ftrengthen. •' Having ma-.n'd bis foul." 
 Speii. No. 164. 
 
 MAN,
 
 MAN . 
 
 MAN, S an ilbnd lying between Great 
 Britain and Ireland, Csfar, calls it Mena, 
 Vto\tmy M-^:ufd.i, and ?\\n^ Mai-Ma. It lies 
 about twelve miles S. of Galloway, in Scot- 
 land; 26 N. of Angjefey, in Wales; 40 
 W. of the coart of Cumberland ; and 44 E. 
 of that of Down in Ireland. So that Eng- 
 land, Scotland, and Ii-cland, may in a clear 
 day be eafily leen from it, Man lies between 
 lat. 53 deg, 53 min. and 54deg. 25 min. N. 
 and long. 4 deg. 30 min. W. being near 
 thirty miles long, and between eight and nine 
 broad, it has baen fuccedively in habited by 
 the Britons, Scotch, Norwegians ; but at 
 lalt fell into the hands of the Englilh, about 
 the clofe of the reign of king Edward I. or be- 
 gimiing of his fon Edward II. and has ever 
 lince continued under their iuriCii(f\ion. The 
 grant of it, together with the patronage of 
 the biftiopric, was made by king Henry IV. 
 to Sir John Stanly, and his heirs^ in which 
 family it has continued, till by marriage it 
 came from the earl of Derby to the duke of 
 Athol in Scotland, who was (tiled king in 
 Man j but the fovcreignty is now annexed 
 to the crown of Great Britain. This ifland 
 k entirely furrounded with rocks, and confe- 
 quently has a very dangerous coaft, and not 
 prafticable wthout a pilot. The foil of its 
 Borthern parts is^ fandy and healthy : but that 
 in the fouthern yields good pafture, with ara- 
 ble land, producing all kinds of grain, more 
 than is fufficicnt for the confumption of the 
 natives , and the air hereis reckoned healthful, 
 8S fome of them live to a great age. They are 
 a medley, principally of all the circumjacent 
 parts of the Biitilll dominions. A ridge of 
 mountiiins runs almoft through the whole 
 length of the ifland, fupplying the inhabi- 
 tants quite round wit-h very good water, and 
 excellent peat, the only fuel in the ifland. 
 The higheR of thefe mountflins is Snafield. 
 The number of its inhabitants, bdides 
 ftraogCTs, is r-cckoned at 20,000. They are 
 an orderly hofpitabic people. Their language 
 is the PidtilTi, or a dialed of the Erfe, fpokcn 
 m the wefternifles^of Scotland ; with a mix- 
 tui!« of otlwr tongues ; and the names of 
 places here indicate Highland original. Its 
 ftaple coraniodities are chiefly wool, hides, 
 and lalbw ; and they nre extremely well fitu- 
 atcd for a foreign trade, but more fo for run- 
 ning of goods, efpecially brandies and wines ; 
 for which reafon they have been lately 
 brought under the fame laws as Englmd, 
 with regard to cuftoms. 
 
 To MA'NNACLE,V. S. Tfron* the noun] 
 to-chain the hands; to fhackle. 
 
 MA'NAGLE?;, S. \,>.af>icUi, Fr.J chains 
 for the hands ; (hackles, 
 
 TojVIA'NAGE, v. a. [mcnager, Fr. w«- 
 r;ggiart\ Ital.j to Cf>ndu(fl- or carry on ; to 
 traia a horfc to graceful airs; to govern ; to 
 ruloor makic traflnWc ; r« Kufband, or make 
 
 MAN 
 
 the Ijeft of. Neuteriy, to fupcrintend or 
 
 t ran fad. 
 
 MA'NAGEABLE, Adj. eafy to be ufed, 
 wielded, or moved j fubmitting to govern- 
 ment, tradable. 
 
 MA'NAGEABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 being eafily ufed or moved ; the quality of 
 fubmitting to inflru(ftion, government, or 
 authority. 
 
 MA'NAGEMENT, S. [memgemeit, F,r.]: 
 condud ; the manner of tranfading or con- 
 duding any thing ; prudence. 
 
 MA'NAGER, S. one who has the direc- 
 tion, condud, or government of any thing, 
 or perfon ; a prudent or frugal perfon. 
 
 MA'NAGERY, S. condud ; direftion ; 
 the manner in which any thing is tranfaded. 
 " Difcretion in the nuitiagery of tliat affair.** 
 Clareml. Hufbandry or frugality. 
 
 MA'NCHE, S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, a 
 llecve. 
 
 MA'NCHET, S. a fmall loaf of fine 
 bread. 
 
 MANCHINE'EL, S. [mavcbivella. Span.] 
 a tree which grows in Amcrici, "whofe juce 
 is fo corrofive, that it will laife biifters on 
 the (kin, and burn holes in linen. 
 
 To MA'NCIPATE, V. A. [manapotus, 
 Lat.] to enflave, bind, or tie, ufed with f 
 " Manfi/'aca/ w itate motions," Hale, Sel- 
 dom ufed. 
 
 MA'NCIPLE, S. [mancipio, Ital. mancepi^ 
 Lat.] the (leward or perfon that furni(hes 
 provifions for a fociety ; particularly ufed of 
 the purveyor of a college. 
 
 MA'NDAMUS, .«;. [Lat. we command] in 
 Law, a writ that ifliies out from the court of 
 King's-bench. 
 
 MaNDA'TARY, S. {vumdataire, Fr.] a 
 perfon to whom the pope has given a mandate 
 for his benefice. 
 
 MA'NDATE, S. [piuti^'atum, Lat.] a com- 
 mand ; a c<>ninii(non, charge, or precept. 
 
 MANDATOR, S. [Lau] a diretflor. 
 
 MANDATORY, Adj. [iriandatus, Lat.] 
 containing a command, precept, or dircftion. 
 
 MA'NDIBLE, Adj. [ mavdabUis^ Lat. J 
 that may be chewed ; eatable. 
 
 MA'NDREL, S. fwawuVm, Fr.] a kind 
 of wooden pully, making a part of a turner's 
 lathe. 
 
 MA'NDRAKE, S. {mandragore, Fr. (jiclm^ 
 ^foyofac, Gr.] a plant whofe root is fuppofcd 
 to rcfcmble the human form. 
 
 MANDUCATION, S. [manJucario, Lat.j 
 eating ; the adtion of the lower jaw. 
 
 MANE, S. [>;r.u/:g, Brit, maene, Bclg.] the 
 long liair which hangs down on the neck of 
 horfcs or other animals. 
 
 MA'N-EATER, S. one that eats human 
 
 flelli. ^ ^ . 
 
 M.VNED, S, [from wj/.v] having 3 
 
 mane. 
 
 MA'NES, S. [fromw*;r<», Lal.J a ghofl, 
 
 l?L r 4
 
 MAN 
 
 MAN 
 
 or that wLicli rtmains of a perfon afteiT MA'NlKIN, S. [maniken, Bc!g.] a little 
 dc2t!i. ' - - . 
 
 MA'NFUL, Acij. bold; flout ; daring. 
 
 MA'NFULLY, Adv. in a boid, flout, or 
 during n-.aiiner. 
 
 iMA'Nr ULNESS, S. the quality of be- 
 having in a manner that Ihcus undaunted 
 courage, and invincible refolution. 
 
 jMANG>'.NE,'SE. S. [r,:r.,:gar.cj:a,\ov^ Lat.] 
 an iron ore ot the poorer lort, of a dark iron 
 grey colour, very heavy, but very brittle, iiled 
 Ly _;;!afiiT.cn lor clearing glafs. 
 
 MANGE, S. [tnangeiitjiu, Fr.] the itch or 
 icdh in cattle. 
 
 MA'NGKK, S. \mangeGire, Fr. fraiigjatcia, 
 Ital.J a pliicc or vdlcj in which the tood of 
 cattle is contained in a liable. 
 
 MA'NGINESS, S. the quality of having 
 the mange. 
 
 To MANGLE, V. A. (m^rgiln, Bc!g ] 
 to cut and hack j to cut and teat piece-nical ; 
 to butcher. 
 
 man. " A dear vianlkin." Ulak. Not in 
 ufe. 
 
 MA'NIPLE, S. [wflK/>t'/aj, Lat.] a hand- 
 ful. Fiijurativcly, a fmall band of foldicrs. 
 
 MANKIND, S. the human race or 
 fpccics ; rcfembling a male. " A mankivd 
 witch." Shakcjp. 
 
 MA'NLIKE, Adj. ftrong; vigorous; re- 
 frnibling a man tuli grown, and in his great- 
 efi pertc£lion. 
 
 MA'N'LESS, Adj. without men ; not 
 manned. " Fire-boats manlaji" Eac. 
 
 MA'NLIN'ESS, S. the appearance of a 
 man full grown, anH arrived at years of dif- 
 crction ; bravery ; iloHtnefs ; dignity. 
 
 MA'NLY, Adj. becoming a man j {lou* j 
 brave, or with undaunted courage and refo- 
 lution. 
 
 MA'NNA, S, [Lat. derived by feme from 
 mannab, Heb.a gitt, becaule it was a gift from 
 heaven] in Pharmacy, a kind of honey-like 
 
 MA'NGLER, S. one that hacks or de- juice or gum, concreted into a folid form, of 
 
 flroys in a ruce and butcherly manner, 
 
 MA'NGO, S. {msngajiari, Fi.l a fruit of 
 theilleot Java, fo:riCvilit!t rcfemliling a me- 
 lon, brouglit pickled to Europe. 
 
 'MA'NGY, Adj. .[from miiKge\ infti^eJ 
 with the mange. Scabby, appiii.d to beails. 
 MAN-KA'TER, S. one chat hates man- 
 kind. 
 
 MA'NHOOD, S. [from »:aH and yfcc</, of 
 hade, Sax.J the (late or condition of a man ; 
 human nature. The itatc of a male, Ofpoltd" 
 to v.cmanhood. The ftate of a perlon full 
 grown, oppofed to childhood. Courage ; 
 braverv ; refolntion. 
 
 m/'NIAC, or MANI'ACAL, Adj. \tna- 
 riactts, Lat.] raging with madncfs. 
 
 MA'NIFES'J, Adj. {mar.y'.ftui, Lat.] 
 plain ; open ; publicly known. 
 
 MA'MFEST, S. [manifcfie, Fr. mani- 
 fffic, Itd.J E declaration ; a public prateft. 
 
 ToMA'NlFEST, Y. A. {mamjcficr, Fr. 
 rr.at.]ff.:, Lat.J to nial.e appear ; to make 
 public ; t-j (hew plainly ; to difcover. 
 
 TANIFESTA'MON, S. [Fr.] a difco- 
 vefy ; tliC act of juiblilhing or making pubiicj 
 clear or undcubud tviJtncc. 
 
 W ANlFEb i J aLE, Adj. eafy to be proved 
 oi mace evident. 
 
 RIA'NIFES'I LY, Adv. clearly ; plainly ; 
 evidently. 
 
 tlA'NIFESTNESS, S. clcainefi of evi- 
 dence ; public notorie(y. 
 
 MA'MI-j;S10, S. [ital.] a public pro- 
 tthalion, or detlaiation, 
 
 MA'.MIi-Ol-D, Adj. [of v.ar.y and /c/JJ 
 of difTt^rcnt kinds i many in number j com- 
 plicaied 
 
 MA'KirOLDLV, Adv. in many re- 
 fpeas. 
 
 MANrOLlONS, S. in Gunnery, two 
 Jianoles on the back of a piece of ordnance, 
 calt alicrihe German miuincr. Lallcy. 
 
 a whililh, yellowifl), or brownirti colour, in 
 the form of flakes, exiuding in Calabria and 
 Sicily fiom two trees, wiiich are varieties of 
 the afh. That mentioned in Scripture feems 
 to have been a kind of honey-dew condenfcd, 
 on account of its dillbh ing by the heat of the 
 fun, its furm refembling a coriander feed, 
 fee and was probably what is in the New 
 Teflament, called wild honey, and faid to be 
 part of the fubfiflence of John the Baptift in 
 the wilderncfs. 
 
 Ma'NNER., S. \manr.kre, Fr. maniera, 
 Jtai.J torm or method; cullom, praflice, ha- 
 bit, or f£(hion. " After the ir.ar.r.a- of the Zi- 
 donians," 'Judges v.v\\\. •]. Mein, or parti- 
 cular cait of the countenance ; the character 
 or diliioguilhing quality of the mind. In 
 the plural, morals j habit; general way of 
 life; ceiemonious behaviour j good brteJing. 
 MA'NNERLlNtSS, S. [Irom manncrly\ 
 the quality of behaving with civility or com* 
 plaifauce. 
 
 MA'WNERLY, Adj. [wamcrlick, Belg.] 
 civilly i with complaifance in good breeding. 
 Adverbially, in a civil Of complaifant man- 
 ner. 
 
 MA'NNIKIN, S. Ste AlanliiM. 
 MA'NNiSH, Adj. having the appearance 
 of, or becoming, a man. figuratively, bold, 
 mafculine. " A woman impudent apdm^n- 
 " '•■y'^ grown." Dryd. 
 
 MA NOR, S. [maiwoir, old Fr. waw/-, Arm.] 
 an ancient loidlhip or royalty, conhltlng of a 
 dtnie.'ne, and of a court baron, in Common 
 Law, a rule or government which a man has 
 over I'uch as lioid land within his fee. 
 
 MANSE, S,_ [wa'iAc, Lat. J a parfonage 
 houfe. 
 
 MA'NSION, S. [/Ku;^3, Lat.] a place of 
 rehucnce ; an abode or houfc. In Law, the 
 lord s chief dwelling-hoaic within his fee. 
 JVLA'NSLAUGHfER, S. iii his primary 
 
 fignifir
 
 MAN 
 
 fignlficalion, murder, or deftrii<f>ion of the 
 human fpecies. In Law, the killing a per- 
 fon without malice prepcnfi, as in a battle 
 that arifes from a fudden quarrel, &c. See 
 Homicide. 
 
 MANSLA'YER.S.one that kills another. 
 
 MA'NTEL, S. [old Fr.] work raifed be- 
 fore a chimney to conceal. 
 
 MA'NTELET, S. [Fr. a diminutive from 
 manteau, Fr. a cloak j a (hort kind of cloak 
 ■worn by women. In Fortification, a kind of 
 moveable pent-houfe, made of pieces of tim- 
 ber. 
 
 MAN-TI'GER, S. a large monkey or ba- 
 boon. 
 
 MANTLE, S, [mantell, Brit, matitel. Sax.] 
 a kind of cloak, or loofe cloth or fi!k thrown 
 over the reft of the drefs, worn formerly by 
 generals, and at prefcnt ufcd by nurfes and 
 midwivcs to carry infants abroad in. 
 
 To MANTLE, V. A. to cloke ; to cover; 
 to difguife. 
 
 To MANTLE, V. N. to fpread the 
 ■wing as a hawk in pleafure ; to joy or revel; 
 to be expanded, or fpread luxuriantly. To 
 froth, or ferment, applied to liquors. 
 
 MA'NTLK-TREE, S. in Carpentry, the 
 piece of timber running acrofs the head of 
 the opening of a chimney, and commonly 
 projected out from the wall, to hold china, 
 &c. 
 
 MA'NTUA, S. [coiXM^teAixom manteau, 
 Fr,] a woman's gown. 
 
 MA'NTUA-MAKER, S. a pcrfon who 
 makes gowns for women. 
 
 MA'NUAL, Adj. [manuel, Fr. manualis, 
 Lat.] performed by the handj ufed by the 
 hand. 
 
 MA'NUAL, S. [from manus, Lat.] 
 fmall book, fuch as may be ealily carried in 
 the hand. 
 
 MANUDUC'TION, S. [manuduaia, Lat.] 
 the aff of guidinj; or leading by the hand. 
 
 MAUFA'CTORY, S. [from manus, Lat. 
 a hand, and facio, 1-at. to make) a place 
 wherein great numbers of people are af- 
 fenibled to work upon any particular fort of 
 goods ; a commodity, or any fort of work 
 made by the hand. 
 
 MANUFA'CTURF, S. [Fr. from manus. 
 Lat. a hand, and facto, Lat. to makej any 
 fort of work made by the hand. 
 
 To MANUFA'CTURE, V. A. [manu- 
 faflmcr, Fr.] to produce or work upon any 
 thing by the hands, or by art, 
 
 MANUFA'CTURER, S. one who per- 
 forms any work by labour of the hands ; or 
 keeps great numbers of men to work on any 
 particular commodity. 
 
 To MANU"MISE, V. A. [manuminiit, 
 from numumitto, Lat. J to fet free or deliver 
 from Ihvery. «' Captives manumifcd." Wata. 
 
 MANU'MISSION, S. [manumilJlo, Lat.J 
 the aft of givint; liberty to Haves. 
 
 To MANU'MJ f, V. A. \manumitto, Lat.J 
 
 MAR 
 
 to deliver from flavery; to fet fref, 
 
 MANURABLE, Adj. [from marure] ca- 
 pable of being rendered better by cultivation. 
 MANU'RANCE, S. [from manure'] agri- 
 culture, or hufbandry, " Kept from manw 
 " ranee." Spenfer, 
 
 To MANU'RE, V. A. {manowvrier^ Fr,] 
 to cultivate, or improve ground by hulbandry 
 or manual labour ; to dung or fatten land. 
 
 MANU'RE, S. any thing laid on lands 
 to enrich and fatten them. 
 
 M/^NU'REMENT, S. the improvement 
 of land by manual labour, or covering it with 
 dung and other comports. 
 
 MANCJ'RER, S. a perfon who enriches 
 and improves land by manual labour; a 
 hufbandman. 
 
 MA'NUSCRIPT, S. {manufcrit, Fr. ma- 
 nufcriptnm, Lat.] a written book or copy, 
 generally applied to fuch books as have never 
 been printed 
 
 MA'NY, Adj. [comparat. more, fuperlat. 
 mojl; from mctnig, manig. Sax.] confifling of 
 a great number ; numerous ; feveral. An 
 indefinite number, preceded and followed by 
 as ; all that. " As many as, were willing." 
 Exod. XXXV. 22, 
 
 _ MANY-COLOURED, Adj, having va- 
 rious and different colours. 
 
 MANY-HEADED, Adj. having feveral 
 or a great number of heads. 
 
 MANY- TIMES, an adverbial phrnfe for 
 often or frequently. 
 
 MAP, S. [mappe, Fr. mappa, Ital.] a 
 geographical pi>fture, or a projedion of the 
 globe, or a part thereof, on a plain furface, 
 reprefenting the forms anddimenfions of the 
 feveral countries, rivers, and feas, with the 
 fituation of cities, mountains, and other 
 places, according to their refpeclive longi- 
 tude and latitude. 
 
 To MAP, V. A. to make a map ; to de- 
 lineate a country, &c. on paper. To de- 
 fcribe the fituation of a place. " If Pifanio 
 " have m pped it right." Shak. 
 
 MA'PEL-TREE, S, [mapuhreo, Sax.l a 
 tree with jagged angular leaves, whofe feeds 
 grow together in hard winged vedels, of which 
 the fycamore is a fpfcies. 
 
 To MAR, V. A. [myrran, Sax.] to in- 
 jure; to fpoil, hurt, or damage. 
 
 MARANA'THA, S. [Syr] a fnrm of 
 threatning, curfing, and anathcmatifing a- 
 mong the Jews. 
 
 MARA'SMU.S, S. [from /^ap«,»*, Gr.] in 
 Medicine, an extreme wading or confump- 
 tion of the whole body. 
 
 MARA'UDING, Adj. ranging about for 
 plunder, 
 
 MARBLE, S. [mtirble, Fr. marmor, Lat. 
 from f^affActiotu, Gr.] a kindof ftonc found in 
 great mafles, and dugout of quarries, of {o 
 hard and compact a lubltancc, and fo fine a 
 grain, that it readily takes a beautiful polifli, 
 and is ufcd in Ihtucs, chimney-pieces, &c. 
 t Small
 
 MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 Fmr.U rouiK^ flones played u.ich by children, j M/VR GINAL, A^j. [mar^jna/, Pr.]f 
 liguratiydy applied to a llon« with a ic- i placed, or writ on the blank Ipacc orbornkr 
 maikable infaiption. •' The Arunddiaii |of a bonk. 
 
 MARBLE, AJj. made of marble } varie- 
 gated, or of different colouis, like mai^blq. 
 
 T» MAR.B.LE, V. X [maibrer, fr.J to 
 paint with veins, cloudji.or diifej:ent colpurs, 
 in refemhlancc of ni.ub]c. 
 
 MA'RBLED, Adj. ioniethir>g veined or 
 cloudeu in imitation of marble. 
 
 MA'InCA^I;'!. E, S. [Fr. mareajite, low 
 Lat.] q folid hari fofiUe, of an obfcure, re- 
 gular and foiiaceous flrii(Quie,, a bright glit- I or vinegar, 
 tering appearance, ami fcund in continntd | MARl'NE, 
 heds among the veins, of ores, or in the tij- 
 fure."; of flone. 
 
 MAB.GFl, S. [from Man, Lat.] the 
 nanieof the third month of the year, reck- 
 oning January as.thc firlK Till the altera- 
 tion of ftilt in 1564. among the French, aod 
 lately, by a(^ of padi.-inicut, in England, it 
 was efttenied the fn 11 month, and the year 
 began on ihe 25th day of it. 
 
 To MARC;H, V. N. [tr.aicker, Fr ] to 
 journey, applied to an army. To walk in a 
 "rave, folemn, and delibcrdte manner. Ac- 
 tively, tx) put in motion, or make an army 
 advance ; to bring on in regular proccffion.. 
 
 MAIxCHv S. [from rhe verb] a million, 
 walk, or iourncy of foldii.-i-.s ; a grave and 
 lalemn walk; a tune played on infkumeuts 
 dnving the march or progi;i.fe of an army ; 
 figivall. tbr an army to m.ove. In the plural, 
 bordcis limits, or confines of a. comitiy- 
 
 MA'RCtlER, S. [mwcheu; Fc.J a prefi- j 
 dent of tljc wiaechcs ot; borders. 
 
 MJi'RCHIOMESS, S. tha wife of a, mar- 
 
 MA'RCTD, Adj;. [n:,v'ndtis,, Lai.] lean ; 
 p'ning Withered, applied to plants. ^^ Mar- 
 *■' cUy dyin.g hjcrbs." Diy,i. 
 
 MA'l<-Ct)UR, S. [liuvroi', Lat.]. Icinnefs. 5 
 the (late of withsriii.g ; a. confunipiion, or 
 wade flefh. " The extenuation, oi mojCQur." 
 J^roivii. 
 
 IVIARE» S;. [mare wara. Sax.] the fc- 
 sji'iilcof a iioifc; a kind of flagnatiou, which 
 fcems to prefs the ftomach with a weight v, hen 
 lilecp^: d'eiived. ii^n-i.M^ra, the narjie of a 
 fpirit, fuppofvd, by the northern na,taon.s, to 
 »ic)r«ient ptrfoos aflcep : it is. called tlie night 
 
 mfi > " • 
 
 M.VRESCHAL, S. a chief commander of 
 
 a(j ;vrmy. 
 
 MA'RG-ARITE, S. [w.i>wrzVa, Lat. mar- 
 rui'iie, Fr.] a pearl. " Ihe niargaritc or 
 " peaxk*' PtachtitH. 
 
 MARGK, MA'RGENT, or MARGIN, 
 S. [tlve lail is mort in ufe; from margo, 
 war^y.lh Lat. vfurgt^ Fr.] the bordu" ; a 
 Uiak, edge, or verge ; the border of paper 
 in a. l>ook, which lutrounds the page ; tl>c 
 ffdgt <ii a. wound or f^we. *' The «,v«na«is of 
 
 M A'RGINATED, Adj. \n;argim:tus, Lat.] 
 having a margin. 
 
 MA'RGRAVE, S. [marggrnff, Teiit.]' a 
 title of fovereigijty in foermany, which figni- 
 fies literally, a keeper ojt^ the marches or 
 borders. 
 
 MA'RIET, .S. a kind of violet. 
 
 MARIGOLD, S. a yellow flower. 
 
 To MARINATE, V. A. f;nwrw/;,,5r.], 
 to flit fifli, and afterwards prefervc it in qIIi 
 
 Adj. [pronounced trtarefny 
 mlsrwui, Lat. J belonging ro the fea, 
 
 MARI'HE, S, [pronounced inar-e^n ; froni} 
 la ir.archic, Fr ] fea affairs or forces; a fol- 
 dier taken on board a Ihip to be employed in 
 defcents on land. 
 
 M.A'RINER, S. [mar'wer, Fr. from marc. 
 Lot. the fea] a feanian or failor ; one liiredr 
 to do all common bufinefs on board a fliip, 
 tending t(! its failing or prefervation. 
 
 M.A'RjORAM, S>. [iKarjcrana, Lat. mar- 
 jorlaine, Fr.j a fragrant plant j of which 
 there are feveral I [levies. 
 
 MA'RITAL, S. iFr. maritus^ Lat.] be- 
 longing or incident to a hufband. " Marital 
 " afFetlion." Jvlifc, 
 
 MARI'TIMaL, or MARITIME, Adj. 
 [)ija>if:;nu!, Lai muiitime, Fr.] performed at, 
 or belonging to the fea ; bordering on the fea; 
 naval. 
 
 MARK, S. [marcy Brit, mearc. Sax. »:«;- 
 que, Fr. j a token by which a thing is known 
 and dilHnp^ui'.bed from another ; an inipreC- 
 fion J a proof or evidence; any thing which 
 'a gun or other millile weapon is dire£\ed to- 
 w.-<rds ; the Cgn by which a horfe's age may 
 be difcovered ; a charailer made !)y thofe who 
 cannot write their names; a piece of money 
 valued at 13s. 4d. from p:arc, Fr. A htut- 
 of mark or »:ar/jue, a licence given by a king 
 or flate, whereby private perfons are autho- 
 rized to fit out fhips, and make reprifals on 
 the fuLjeils of another flate. 
 
 To M.'V Rli, Y. A- [mcrcaMy Sax. marqutrf 
 Fr.] to make an impreflion, character, or 
 fjgu, by which a thing may be known cr 
 dilliuguilhcd from others; to wound ; to B<ne, 
 obferve or take notice of. NeiUerly, to ob- 
 fei-weortakc notiitc of; to work lett«n or 
 figures on linnen, H^c. 
 
 MA'RKER, S. [nwrquer, Fr."j one that 
 makes fome fign, character, or impreflion on 
 a thing; one that takes noticeof a thing. 
 
 MA'RKET, S. faaciently written tner' 
 ca', of ir:rrc.:tiis, Lat.] a public time or place 
 wherein things are bought or fold ; purchafc 
 or falc. Figuratively price ; rate. 
 
 Tq MA'RKET, V. N. to deal at market 
 
 eitlicr in buying or felling ; to make bargain.":, 
 
 MA'RKET- CROSS, S. a crofe formerly 
 
 (iaup where a wuii^tt. was hd^L 
 
 I MA'RKET*
 
 MAR 
 
 MAR 
 
 MA'RKET-DAY, S. a day on \vliich i which a man and a woman are lawfully unit 
 
 things are publicly bought and ibid in a 
 market. 
 
 MA'RKET-MAN, S. a man that goes to 
 the market to buy or fell j one that under- 
 ftands dealing at a market. 
 
 MA'RKEl-PLACE, S. a place where a 
 market is held. 
 
 MA'RKET-PRICE, or MA'RKET- 
 RATE, S. the price at which anything is 
 commonly fold in or out of a market. 
 
 MA'RKET-IOWN, S. a town that has 
 the privilege of a rtatcd market. 
 
 MA'RKETABLE, Adj. fuch as may be 
 fold commonly in a market 
 
 MA'RKMAN, or MA'RKSMAN, S. a 
 perfcn fkillcd in hittiii'g a mark. 
 
 MARL, S. [niuiJ, Brit, margel, mergel, I 
 Be!g- ] a kind of clay, become falter and of] 
 a more enriching qual.ty, by a better fer- 
 mentation, and by its having lain fo deep in 
 the earth, as not to iiave fpent or weakened its 
 fcrtlliz'ng quality by any produft. 
 
 To MARL, V. A. to manure or improve 
 grounds with marl. 
 
 To MARL, V, A. [from marline'] t.o bind 
 natv\i(lcd)iemp dipped in pitch round a cable, 
 in order to guard it from tri(flion. 
 
 MA'RHNE, S. [n:careu, meariva. Sax. 
 foftj along wreath of uiuwirtcd hemp dipped 
 in pitch, with which the ends of cables are 
 guarded, to preferve iliem from fiitlioq. 
 
 MA'RLINE-SPIKE, S. a fmall piece of 
 iron, ufed in faRcning ropes together, or in 
 opening the bolt of a rope, when a fail is lo 
 be fewed to it. 
 
 MA'RLY, Adj. abounding in marl ; hav- 
 ing the qualities of marl. 
 
 MA'RMALADE, or MA'RMALET, S. 
 [marmahde, Fr.] a kind of confcrve or fweet- 
 meat, made of quinces cut and boiled with 
 fugar. 
 
 MA'RMOSRT, S. {mannoujet , marmot, Fr. 
 rnarmctto, Ital.] a fm:ill monkey. 
 
 MA'RMOT, or MA'RMOi'TO, S. fS^c 
 Marmafer] Ray fays, that this is the n:;is alpi- 
 fius, and that it h'dts itfelf all the winter, du- 
 ring which it lives upon its own fat. 
 
 MA'RQUETRY, S. [marquctene, Fr.] 
 chequered work j work inlaid with various 
 colours. 
 
 MA'RQl'IS, S. [nmrquls, Fr. marqufs, 
 Spain.] a title of honour ncxttoadukc. It 
 Was introduced into England hy Riciiard 11- 
 who created Robert Vere, carl of O.vford, 
 marquis of Dublin, and was only a titular. dig 
 
 ed for life. This word is very often joined 
 with others in compofition, and then takes 
 the nature of an adjc£live. 
 
 MA'RRIAGEABLE, Adj.fitfor marriagej 
 of an age to be married. 
 
 MA'RROW, S. [niet-g, merih, Sax.] an ole- 
 aginous or fat fubflance contained in the hol- 
 low of a bone, which is defigncd hy the bene- 
 ficent arcliiie^t of our frames to fupple the 
 bones and render them lefs liable to break. 
 Figuratively, the quintcflence, or beft part oj: 
 any thing. 
 
 MA'RROW-BONE, S. any hollow bone 
 of an animal containing marrow. 
 
 M A'RROWFAT, S. a large mellow kiai 
 of pea. , 
 
 \ MA'RROWLESS, Adj. withoct marrow. 
 To M.^RRY, V. A. [nutrner, Fr. marita, 
 Lat.]tojoin a man and woman togetlieri fo 
 that they may cohabit lawfully during life j 
 to difpofe of in marriage ; to take for a huf- 
 basd or wife. Ncuterly, to enter into the 
 date of marriage. 
 
 MARS, MARSH, or MAS, in the names 
 of places, arc derived {torn merfc. Sax. a fen, 
 or watery place. 
 
 MARSH, S. \merfc. Sax.] a fen, bog, 
 fwamp, or tradl of land abounding in water. 
 
 MA'RSHMALLOW, S. a kind of mal- 
 low growing in wet ground, and refemblinj; 
 the common in all refpecfls, excepting that its 
 leaves are foft and wcolly. 
 
 MA'RSH MARIGOLD, S. a flower. 
 MA'RSI-IAL, S. \tiuirell-bol, Fr.] the chief 
 
 officer of an army. See Maicfchal. An oi- 
 ficer who regulates combats in the lifts ; uiv 
 one who regulates the rank or order atafc.ift 
 or other ailembly ; one who puts things or 
 jierfons in proper order ; an harbinger, or 
 one who goes beibre a prince to give notice 
 of his coming, and prepares for his reception. 
 To MA'K^HAL, V. A. to pUce in proper 
 ranks or order; to lead as an harbinger. •' Fhou 
 " marpii-'Wfi me the way." iihak. 
 
 MA'RSflALLER, S. a perfon that puts 
 thing's ill order. 
 
 MA'R-SHALSEA, S. a prifon in t!.e bo- 
 rough of Sontliuark ; fo called from its be- 
 longing to the niariluil of the king's hoirfe- 
 hold. 
 
 MA'RSHALSHIP, S. the office of mar- 
 (hul. 
 
 RiA'RSHy, /idj. boggy; wet ; produced 
 in marfties. 
 
 MART, S. [contra£led from in^vhrt^ a 
 nity : thofe who had the care of frontiers, as} place oi public traffic or trad* Figurative iy, 
 the word imports, being ftiled marchen, fiqt u bargain, whether purcliafe or f«le.^ " Vcn- 
 marquifes. <( m,-^ nuJly on a defperatc m..'r/.'* Sla(k. 
 
 MA'RQUISATE, S. \m9rqmj.u, Fr.] the Uuen ofvuvT. See Mark. 
 KJgiiiory or province of a tpirquis. To MART, V. A. to trade; to buyer fell. 
 
 MA'RRF.R, S. [from ;,var] one who fpoils.j •' Nothing m.in.J." Slwi. 
 
 damages, or hurts anything or peifoii. MA'R 1 EN, or MA'RTERN, S. fm^;/.-, 
 
 M.VRRIAGE, S. (tnarrjagc, Fr. from ma-\ nartr,\ Fr. >r:jrt,s, Lat.]a large kind of wea- 
 
 riUn, Iv't. a hutbandj tlie uCi orcenmcney byi ai, whole Ikii) ot tur u much valued; a kind 
 
 3 \ of
 
 MAS 
 
 of fwallow that Imilds in houfes ; from mar- 
 telct, Fr. 
 
 MA'RTIAL, Adj. [Fr. v'.a>-!'a!h, Lat. 
 from Mai 5, the god of war [ warlike ; brave ; 
 given to war ; having a warlitic (hcv ; ufed 
 in war. In chemidry, having particlrs or 
 properties of iron ; from Mi'n, the chemic.il 
 word for iron. Borrowing qualities from the 
 planet Mars, applied to aerology. 
 
 NU'RTINCiAL, S. \Mmtn:s;aIe, Fr.] a 
 bro;id leather thong or ftrap fal+ened at one 
 end to the girths under the h.clly of a horfc, 
 from whence it pafTcs between his fore- l^o?, 
 and is fidened at the other end to the nol'e- 
 band of the bridle, to hinder a horfc from 
 rearing, 
 
 MA'RTINMAS, S. [^\nm Mar-th, and 
 »:fl/j, a feftivalj the feaft of St. Martin, the 
 nth of November. 
 
 MA'RTINET, or MA'RTLET, S.[war- 
 ti>:et, virrtck', Fr.] A kind of AvaUow. 
 
 MATINETS, S. fma-lllines f»([ened to 
 the lectch of a faii, to bring that part of the 
 Icetcli next to the yard arm clofe up to the 
 "yard, when the fail is to be furled. 
 
 .MA'l<.TyU, S. [n-artyr, Fr. from jUarTy;, 
 Gr.J in its primary fenic, a witnefs ; in its 
 Secondary i'enfe, a witne'softhc truth of Chri- 
 lliinity ; but as the witnefling of its truth 
 was, at firft, generally attended with p erfecu- 
 tion and death, the word is now applied to 
 iuch pcrfons only as die in atteltingthe tiuth 
 @i any do(ftrine. 
 
 To MA'RTYR, V. A. to put to death 
 ibr refokitely maintaining any opinion. 
 
 MA'RTYRDOM.S. the aflof putting to 
 death for refoluttly and immoveably main- 
 taining any opinion; thea£l of endiipng death 
 in atteftation of the truth of an opinion, or 
 fait. 
 
 MA'RTYROLOGY, S. [nartyrologc, Fr. 
 itjartyclogiun:, low Lat ] a rogilier or cta- 
 logiie of martyrs : fometimes extended to fig- 
 •nify an hillory of martyis. 
 
 M.A'R VKL, S. [meii'.i le,VT. marafigilux, 
 Jral. I a wonder ; any thing that raifes won- 
 der or aftoniih.ment. 
 
 To MA'RVEL. V.N. {iver^vcUk,-, mara- 
 •t':eLr;rc, Ita!. ) to wonder or be aftonifhcd. 
 
 'MAK'VELLOUS, Adj. traT-vcllcux, Fr.] 
 capLhlc of exiting wonder or aftonifhment ; 
 ftrange furpafifing cicdit. Ufed fubftantively 
 to e,;prtfo any tiling exceeding natural power, 
 op|K^f^d to probable. 
 
 .MA'RVKLLOUSLY, Adj. in a Orange, 
 extraordinary, and wonderful manner. 
 
 MAR'VF.LLOUSNr-.SS, S. the quality 
 which excites wonder or aftonifhment. 
 
 MA'SCULINE, .<^d). \»:oJckI:!i, Fr. w.w/- 
 cuUrtr, Lat.) male j rckmbiing a man ; bold. 
 In grammar, the gender appiopiiated to ihe 
 male kind, though not always expreHing fex. 
 MA'SCULINELY, Adv. like a man 5 
 buldly. 
 
 MAS 
 
 MA'SCULTNENESS, S, the quality by 
 which a perfon refembles 1 man, applied by 
 way of reproach to women. The figure or 
 behaviour of a man. 
 
 MASH, S. {Ksfche, Eclg. maUlc, Fr ] the 
 fpace between the threads of a net, generally 
 written m.-p}. Any thing mingled or contuf- 
 fed together froni mifcbfn, Belg. to mix. A 
 mixture for a horfe. 
 
 To MASH, V. A. [mafcher, Fr. maccsre, 
 ftaJ. J to beat or bruife into a c jnfufed mafs J 
 to mix water and malt together in brewing. 
 
 MASK. , S {rimfpic, Fr. | a coven worn over 
 the face to difguife it. Figuratively, a pre-, 
 text, prUcnce, or Aibterfuj^e. A diamatic 
 piece written in a tragic ftyle without atteu- 
 tioncitlier lo rule or probability. 
 
 To I\IASK, V. A. Imafquer, Fr.] to dif- 
 guife or cover with a mafk. Figuratively, 
 to cover or hide under fome pretence. 
 
 MA'sKED, fi-^'y covered or concealed. 
 " A majkcd battery." 
 
 MA'SKER, S. a perfon who exhibits in a 
 mafk. 
 
 M i.'SON. S. [wwK, Fr. mackk,\Qvi Lat.] 
 one who builds in ftone. 
 
 MASQUERA'DE, S. [mafcara, Arab.] a 
 diverfion or public anembly^ wherein the 
 company is malked and difguifed ; a difguife- 
 " Came to vifit thee in n:af(jucrjdc.'" Dryd. 
 
 To MA'SQ.'JEKADt', V. N. to go ia 
 difguife ; to aflemblc in malk and other dif- '. 
 guifes. 
 
 MASS, S. [p:aUi, Fr. majfa, Lat.] a body; 
 a lump ; a large quantity ; bulk j a vaft bodyj 
 an aflemblage of fevcral things, forming one 
 confufed and diftinfl body; agrofs body; the 
 general. " The ;;;j3/i of the people." iiiiifr. 
 In divinity, this word originally implied on- 
 ly a feftival, and was in this fenfe ufed in the 
 word C;fcr.^w<!i, long before the in troduflion 
 of the facrament of the mafs ; but at length 
 it was ufed to fignify the Euchaiii't, and is at 
 prefent appropriated to the office or public 
 prayers, ufed by the Romilh church in tho 
 celebration of the Eucharift, 
 
 To MASS, V. N. to celebrate mafs. Ac- 
 tively, to thicken ; to Arengthen. " Filli.ig 
 " or ma ffiig the hou/e." Haywaid. 
 
 MA'SSaCRE, S. f Fr. from mnz.xa'-e, Ital. j 
 the crime of killing great numbi-rs of perfon s 
 without any diftinOion, and not in a condi- 
 tion to defend the.T.felvcs ; murder. 
 
 To MA'SSACRH, V. A. \m^JI'2(rc,;Yv.\ 
 to butcher ; to deftroy great midtitudes. 
 
 MA'SSICOT, S. [Fr] cerus calcined by 
 a moderate degree of fire.- diftinguilhed ac- 
 cording tothe ditreiencc of its colour, which ^ 
 arifes fram the diflereiU degrees of heat which 
 it endures. 
 
 MASSJNESS, S. greatnefs of weight, bulk' 
 or folidiry. 
 
 MA'SSIVE, Adj. [fuajflf, Fr.] heavy; 
 bulky ; folid. 
 
 ' MA'S-
 
 u ^ s 
 
 MA'SSIVENFSS, S. the quality of being 
 weiglitv, bulky and fol'd. 
 
 MA'SSY, Adj. weighty; bulky; folid. 
 
 MAST, S. Fi. [w^y?, Sax.] the beam or 
 poft fi-Htiding Hiri^ht in a (hip or veflel, to 
 wfiich a fail !s fixed ; the fruit of the oak or 
 ■ btich-tree. 
 
 MA'STED, Adj. carrying a mafl:. 
 
 MA'STER, S. ( ,..,73/?<-;-, old Tent. wfj/?,r, 
 Tes.t. Pieifier, Belg. ma'itre, Fr. magifter, Lat. ) 
 a perfon \\lio has fervants under him; a ruler; 
 a chief or head; a poflefibr ; the comiT)and,'r 
 of a trading vefTel ; a perfon fubje£t to Ho 
 controul, a te:'xher or infiniRor ; a yoiinq 
 gentieinan ; title of lefpcdl; a peifon emi- 
 ntr.tly fkillcd in any trade or fcifiicc : a title 
 of dignity at the univerfities, and in thecourti 
 of law. 
 
 To MA'STER, V. A. to rule, ;;overn, or 
 keep in fiibjeftion ; to conquer ; to perform 
 with fl;ill ; to overcome any difficulty, or ac- 
 complilh any dcfign. 
 
 RIA'STEKDOM, S. [from rnaPer and dom,, 
 Sax.] dominion or rule. " Sovereign fway 
 " and maficrdoin." Shah. 
 
 MA'SlER.-HAND, S. one eminently 
 /killed in any profefTion. 
 
 MA'STER-JEST, S. a principal jeff. 
 
 MA'STER-KEY, S. a key which can open 
 many locks that have different wards. 
 
 MA'STER-LEAVER, S. one that deferts 
 his mailer. " A im^jier-ha-ver and a fugitive." 
 -Shak. Not in Hfe. 
 
 MA'STERLESS, Adj. wanting a mnfler 
 or owner; not to be g'->vernfd ; unfuhdued. 
 
 .M.VSTERLINESS, S. eminent in Ikill. 
 
 MA'S I ERLY, Adj. Aiitiihlc to or becom- 
 ing a mafler ; artful : llie.'.ing great fkill ; im- 
 pciious ; with the fway of a mader. 
 
 MA'STER-HIECE, S. a capit:.! perform 
 ance, which Ihews great art and fkill ; a ciiief 
 or eminent excellence. 
 
 MA'SIERSHli'.S. dominion ; rule ; pow- 
 er; a pcrfcift work ; a curious and capital per- 
 formance ; fkill ; knowledge; Aiperi >ilty or 
 pre-eminence. 
 
 MA'SIER-SfNEV/, S. a large linew fur- 
 rounding the hoof, .ii-id dividing it from the 
 bone I)y a hollow pl,,ce, v^liere the windgalls 
 are ufually feated; and is the Ijp. eft andiiiort 
 vifible finew in a hoi fe's body. 
 
 MA'STER-STRING, S. the principal 
 ftving. " The fnnfl,y-Jl,'ing — that makes the 
 " moft harmonv." Rotue. 
 
 MA'STER-STROKE, S, a flroke or per- 
 formance that fhcws «;reat fkill. 
 
 M.AS I ER- I E (fjH,S.tlK- principal fecth. 
 " Some-have their ir.afler-tmh indented," 
 Bac. 
 
 MA'STER-WORT, S. a plant, wliofc 
 root is ui'ed in medicine. 
 
 M.VSTERY, S. dominion ; rule; fuperi- 
 ority, < r I're-fminencc ; fkill. 
 
 A'iA'STfUL, Avlj. aboiindlng in m-fl or 
 
 MAT 
 
 fruit, applied to the oak or beech trees, 
 
 MASTiCA'TlON, S. \maJlicauo, Lat.] ths 
 a(X of chewing. 
 
 MA'STICATORY, S. Imajluatoh-e, Fr.} 
 a medicine to be chewed, but not Aval- 
 lowed. 
 
 M A'STICH, S. \maft\c, Yi.\ a kind of gum 
 gathered from trees, in Scio of the fanie 
 name ; a kind I'f mortar or ccmennt. " Jom 
 •' them together and turn them into a kind 
 " oiimjTuh:' AddiJ. 
 
 MA'S TIFF, S. [plurd viap-jes, for all 
 nouns ending in/", or /i- in the fingular, 
 change into ws in theplural jfVorn mejllff, Fr.] 
 a large fized dog, generally iifcd as a guard in 
 houfcs and yards. 
 
 MA'STLESS, Adj. without mafls. 
 
 MA'STLtN, S. [mrjler, Fr ] mixed corri, 
 confifling of wheat and rye. 
 
 MAT, S. [mmte Sax. tnc.ate, D.in. r-.atd, 
 Lat.] a kind ofa manufatfture or texture made 
 of fedge?, flags, or rufhes woven together. Irj 
 a fhip, plats made office net and tlwums, to 
 keep the cordage fafl:. 
 
 To MAT, V. A. to cover with mats ; to 
 tvi'ifl, inicrweave, or join together like a mat. 
 
 MA'TADORE, S. {mr.tada-. Span.] a 
 hand of cards, fo called from the adv-,nt.nge it 
 his over the contrary party, and its winning 
 filth a number of pieces out of the pool, 
 which on that account are called matadircs 
 likewife. 
 
 Ma'TACHIN, S, ffrom v.atadorc, Spain.] 
 an old dance fo called from its imitating 
 fji^'Jiting. 
 
 "'ma I CH, S. mede, Fr . m\xli, Ital.] a 
 fmall piece of deal dipt in brimfione ; any 
 tiling that c;'.tches fire, particularly applied t(» 
 a kind of rope llightly twiiled, and prepaveJ 
 to retain fire madcufcofin dilcliarging guns, 
 ^c. A conteff ; a game; i»ny mutual contefl; 
 from [■'■a.yri, Gr. a fight. One equal to con- 
 teft or light with another ; one that fuits or 
 tall es with another, from inaca. Sax. A mar- 
 riage ; one to be married. 
 
 1 o MATCH, V. A. to equal ; to fbew any 
 iliin^ equal or like to ; to fuit or proportion; 
 to marry, or give in marriage. Ncutcrly, 
 to be married, to tallv. 
 
 aIA'TCIIABLE, Adj. fuitab1c;rcfemb!ing 
 perfccflly. 
 
 MATCHLESS, Adj. without an equal; 
 not admitting cempariion, 
 
 MA'TCHLESSLY, Adv. in a manner not 
 to be equalled. 
 
 MATCHLESSKESS, S. the quality of 
 no"- admitting an equal, or a comparifon. 
 
 Ma' TCH-MaKER, S, one who is mlhu- 
 nient.il to a pcrfon's marriage ; one who 
 makes matches to burn, 
 
 MAT K, S. [;;;.7fa, Sax. r:att Belg.] a huf- 
 band or wife ; a communion whether male 
 or fcmiile ; the male or fcm.ilc animaU ; one 
 that f.i!> ill the fame Ihip; one that eat"- 't 
 1 t^a
 
 MAT 
 
 the fame tablej one that is the (acand in lank. 
 " A fiirgcoirs mate," 
 
 To MATE, V. A. to match or niai-ry ; to 
 be equal to ; to crufh ; to confound. 
 
 MATE'RIAL, Adj. [Kuifaial, Fr. maten- 
 «//i, Lat.] confifting of matter, oppofed to 
 (piritual. Important j momentous} eflcntial. 
 
 MATE'RIALS, S. [notufcd in the fingu- 
 lar ; mattnaux, Fr.] the fubftance of which 
 any thing is made: generally applied to things 
 compofed of ditTerent fubllanccs. 
 
 MATE'RIALIST, S. one who denies the 
 exiftence of fpirit. 
 
 MATERIALLY, Adv. in ihe ft«e of 
 matter ; edentially or importantly. 
 
 M ATE'R I ALNESS, ,&. the ftate ofconfift- 
 jng of matter. Figuratively, the quality of 
 being important or eliential. 
 
 MaTE'RIATE, or MATE'RIATED, 
 Adj. [materia, Lat.j coniirting of matter. 
 " Immateriate, or lefs mcitenaie" Bacon. 
 
 MATER I A'T ION, S. [ from materia 
 Lat.] the ad of forming matter. " Amateri- 
 athn of even matter itfeif." Bac. 
 
 MATE'RNAL, Adj. [matertte Fr. ma- 
 tertius, Lat.] motherly, becoming or belong- 
 ing to a mother. 
 
 MATE'RNITY, S. [matermfe, Fr,] the 
 charader cr relation of a mother. 
 
 MATHEMA'TIC, or MATMEMA'TI- 
 CAL, Adj. [mathsrKaticus, Lat] according to 
 the rules of mathematics J belonging to ma- 
 thematics. 
 
 MATHEMA'TICALLY, Adv. according 
 to the rules of mathematics. 
 
 MATHEMATI'CIAN, S. [mathmatkus. 
 La', mathemaiicier., fr.] a pcrfon (killed in 
 the mathematics. 
 
 MATHEMATICS, S. \ fxaQnfJL^P.un, Gr.] 
 the fcience which confiders quantity ei- 
 ther as computiblc, or meafurable : it is di- 
 vided into pure and viixc ; the pure confi- 
 ders quantity in the abflrad, i. e. without 
 aay relation to matter; and (he mixt, as 
 fubfiding in material beings j as length in a 
 road, fiff. 
 
 MA'THESIS, S. fjuaS»ri?, Gr.] the doc- 
 trine or fcience of mathematics. 
 
 MA'TIN, Adj. [marine, fr.J ufcd in, or 
 belonging to the morning. 
 
 MA'TIN, S. the morning. In the plural, 
 applied to the prayers ufed at morning wor- 
 fhip. 
 
 MA'TRASS, S. [matrafs, Fr.] in Chc- 
 miftry, a glafs veflel for digeftion or dilHlla- 
 fion, fomttimes bellied, and fometimes riling 
 gradually taper into a conical figure j a kind 
 ot hard bed put under a fofter. 
 
 M.VTRICE, S. \„!a[rix, Lat.] the womb ; 
 a mould which gives form to fomething In- 
 cloftd. " Thclc (bells ferved as matrices or 
 " moulds to them." U'oodiv. 
 
 MATRlCIDt, S. [matricidiuin, Lat.] the 
 crime of murdering a mother j a pcrfon who 
 iuHs a mother. 
 
 MAT 
 
 To MATRI'CULATE, V, A. to entf r 3£ 
 a member at an univerlity ; to cnlifl ; to en- 
 ter into any fociety by fcttingdown a perlbn's 
 name. 
 
 MATRI'CULATE, S. a perfon entered 
 in an univerfity. 
 
 MATRICULA'TIOM, S. the ad of en- 
 tering a perfon as a member of a» univerfily. 
 
 MATRIMO'NIAL, Adj. [Fr. mairimom- 
 uni, Lat.] Suitable to marriage; belonging to 
 marriage. 
 
 MA'TRIMONY, S. [matrimonium, Lat.] 
 marriage; the folemn contrad entered into 
 between a man and woman to be faithful to 
 each other daring life ; the (late of a married 
 perfon. 
 
 MA'TRIX, S.[Lat.OTtffW«,Fr.]thc womb. 
 Figuratively, a place where any thing is gene- 
 rated or formed. 
 
 MA'TRON, S. [matrone, Fr. rr.atrom, 
 Lat.] an elderly lady, or old woman. 
 
 MA'TRONAL, Adj. [matronalis, Lat.] 
 fuitable to a matron ; candituting a matron. 
 " Oi matronal years." Bacon. 
 
 MA'TRONLY, Adv. after the manner of 
 a matron ; refembling a matron ; elderly. 
 
 MA'TROSS, S. in the train of artillery, a 
 f~ldier next below a gunner, who aflilts in 
 traverfing, fpunging, loading and firing the 
 guns ; they carry firelocks, and march along 
 with the (tore waggons, both as a guard, and 
 to afllft in cafe of accidents. 
 
 MA'TTER,S. afoiid, hard, mafTy, impe- 
 netrable, divifible, moveable, and paftive fub- 
 (lance ; the (ird principle of natural tiling", 
 from the various arrangements and combina- 
 tions of whofe particles arife the differenc 
 bodies that appear in the univerfe. Body op- 
 pofed to fpirit ; the materials of which any 
 tiling is compofed j a fubjed or thing treated 
 o''. " The matter o( my fong." Par. Lcji. 
 An aifiir or bulinefs ; the caufe of any di- 
 (lurbaiice. " What's the matter f" Shak. Im- 
 port ; confequenccj"'iTicment, or importance, 
 generally p'^'^^'^cd by ro, " Nc matter, now 
 " 'tis pali." Grfls-t'.lhe thingorobjcd which 
 is under particular relation ; a purulent run- 
 ning, or corruption in a fore. 
 
 1 MATTER, V. N. iifed imperfonally, 
 todgnify; to import, or be of importance. 
 In Surgery, to generate or produce corrup- 
 tion or pus. " The herpes beneath mat- 
 " i,r\i." Jyi'eii:. Adivtiy, to regard ; to 
 look upon, or confider as of any impor- 
 tance. 
 
 MATTERY, Adj. fiJl of matter, or pus, 
 applied to wounds. 
 
 MATTOCK, S. [mattuc. Sax.] a kind of 
 toothed inflriimcnt ufed to grub up trees and 
 weeds, and to pull up wood. " You muft dig 
 " with warrcf/t and with fpade." i'/'a*. 
 
 MATTRESS, S. fwaf/;j/i, Fr. attrai, 
 Brit.] a kind of a quilt made to lie on. Sec 
 
 M.i!raft. 
 
 MAiyRA/TION, S, [matvatio^A.zu'] the 
 
 ad
 
 MAY 
 
 s(\ of ripening ; the fJateoi" growing vipe. Tn 
 JViedicinc, thcfuppiiration of excrcmencitions 
 or extravafated juices into matter. 
 
 MA'fURATlVE, Adj. [matnrus, from 
 -fsaturn, Lat.j ripening or conducing to ripc- 
 riels. in Surgery, promoting the fuppuration 
 of a fere. 
 
 MATU'RE, Adj. {v.aturu^y Lat.] ripe ; 
 pcrfc(fted by time, figuratively, brought near 
 to a completion ; fit for execution ; well diged- 
 cd^ anived at full age, or years of difcretion. 
 
 ToMATU'RE.V. A [w^«/^o,Lat.j loripen. 
 
 MATU'RELY, Mv. ripely j complete- 
 ly; with deliberation, or in a well digefted 
 manner. 
 
 MATU'RITY, S. \maturiu'. Fr. mahirltas, 
 Lat.] a ftate of ripeiiefs or perfecflion. 
 
 MAU'DLIN, Adj. drunk; intoxicated 
 with liquor. 
 
 MAUGRE, [malgre, Fr. tn lgrado,\Vi\.] 
 in fpite of ; notwithitanding: fcldom v{t:ii. 
 
 1 o MAUL, V. A. 1 Sea Ma!l\ to beat ; to 
 bruife in a coarfe and cruel manner. 
 
 MAUND, S. [mand, Sax. mande, Fr.J 
 a hand bafktt. 
 
 To MAU'NDER, V. N. [maudire, Fr.] 
 to grumble ; to murmur with difcontent. 
 
 MAU'NDERER, S. one that iifes mur- 
 muring and provoking words through dif- 
 content. 
 
 MAU'NDAY-THURSDAY, S. [derived 
 by Spelman, from matide, Sax. a hand-ba/ket, 
 from which the king was formerly accuftom- 
 ed to give alms to the poor] the Thurflay be 
 fore Good-Friday. 
 
 MAUS'LEUM, S. [Lat. wavfok'e, Fr.] 
 a name given by queen Artcmifia, of Caria, 
 to a monument flie ereifled in honour of her 
 hufband Miwfo/us] a pompous tomb or mo- 
 iHiment, cre^ed in honour of a pcrfon that 
 is dead. 
 
 MAW, S, [maga, Sax. maeghe, Beig.] tlic 
 flomach of bcafts, applied in contempt to 
 that of mankind; thecraw or fit ft flomach of 
 birds. 
 
 MA'WKISH, Adj. [perhaps from waw] 
 apt to produce fatiety or loathing. 
 
 MA'WKISHNESS, S. the quality of 
 cloying or producing fatiety and loa'hing. 
 
 Ma'WMET, S. [See Mammet] a puppet 
 «r doll : formerly an idol. 
 
 MA'WMISH. Adj. foolifh;naufeous. 
 
 MA'XILLAR, or MA'XILLARY, Adj 
 f from maxillary Lat.J belonging to the jaw- 
 bone. 
 
 MA'XIM, S.[maxme,FT. maximus, Lat.] j 
 an axiom ; a general and eftablilhed principle; 
 a leading truth. 
 
 MAY, [an auxiliary verb, by means of 
 which we form the Englilh potential mood ; 
 its preter is ^jgi't, from wag, Goth. t?ta-g, 
 Sax,] to be poflibic ; to have power. In the 
 imperative mood, or when it is at the begin- 
 ning of a fcncance, it implies a wilh that a 
 fGxioa Ihould have fomething in his power. 
 
 M E A 
 
 " My you live h"appiFy and long." Drydi 
 May be, ufcd adveibially, implies perhaps, or 
 it is podlble. 
 
 MAY, S. [fo called from JUT^ia, the mo- 
 ther of Mercury, who was facrificed to on the 
 firft day] the iit'th month in the year, reck- 
 oning January the firft : in this month the 
 fun enters Gemini, and vegetatj'es are gene- 
 rally in flower., Figuraiivety, the early, gay, 
 and moll pleafant part of life. 
 
 To MAY, V. N. to gatiiCr flowefs on the 
 firft of May. 
 
 MA'Y-BUG, S. a chaffer. 
 
 MA'Y- FLOWER, S. a bloom or blorfom 
 which grows on the licdgeson a kiiKi of white 
 thorn. 
 
 MAY-GAME, S. a diverlloh or fport j 
 the obje£l of ridicule. 
 
 MA'Y-LILLY, S. a flower called likewife 
 the UUty of the ■vtilliy. SeeLrlJy. 
 
 MA'Y-POLE, S. a long ere<ft pole round' 
 which perfons dance on the firft of May. 
 
 M^'YWEHD, S. a fpecies of chamomile. 
 
 MA'YOR, S. [vidir, Frit, v.'jyei; Beig. 
 and Teut.] the chief magiltrate of a city or 
 town; the king's lieutenant, authoiized to 
 make by-laws for the good of his particular 
 community. K Richard I. changed the bai- 
 liffs of London into mayors in 1189 ; which 
 was afterwards praftifed with refpeft to other 
 cities ; and on account of the mayi:)r of Lon- 
 don's killing Wat Tyler, the ring-leader of 
 an inftirreftion, witli his own hands, thij 
 mayors of London have ever fince borne the 
 title of lord, and a bloody dagger was added 
 to the city arms, by way of commemoration, 
 
 M A'YORALTY, S. the office of a mayorj 
 the excrcife or pofleffion of the office of a 
 mayor. 
 
 MA'YORESS, S. the wife of a mayor, 
 
 MA'ZZARD, S. [yuafchiin, Yt.rKaJe, Sax.] 
 a jaw ; a low word. 
 
 MAZE, S. [niljlen, Bclg.] a labyrinth, or 
 place whofe paflages are fo winding and in- 
 tricate, that it is not eafy to get out of them. 
 Figuratively, perplexity, confufion, applied 
 to the mind. 
 
 To MAZE, V. A. to perplex, bewilder, 
 or confufe. 
 
 MA'ZER, S. vieafer, Beig.] a cup made 
 of maple. " A bowl or maxer curioully 
 " Carved." Dryd. 
 
 MA'ZY, Adj. having winding and intri- 
 cate paflages; perplexed; confiiCcd. 
 
 M. A. an abbreviature fw iKogiJier artiunt, 
 or mafter of arts. 
 
 M. B, an abbreviature for mtdicinee baccf 
 luurcus, or bachelor of phyfic. 
 
 M. D. an abrcviature tor ir.cJkijta doffcr, 
 or doftor of pliyfic. 
 
 ME, the oblique cife of tl>c pmnoaa I, 
 from the dat. accus. and ablal. of ;u. Sax. 
 w<', Arcm. and Span, mi, Biil. It is ufeJ. 
 fometimcs ungramaticaily tor /, as »«'»/•/>.■.<:(, 
 in Head of Itffiri,
 
 M E A 
 
 MEAD, S. \m:aJo, Sax. »Y^i, I5iit.] a 
 irink made of honey and > ater, called like- 
 wife wr'-?^^/;'; ; from wf*^^''.'-') '■') 8"t- 
 
 MEAD, or ME'ADOW,' S. [?;(W^ Sax.] 
 ground fomewliat watery, not plowed, and 
 covered with grafs. 
 
 jME'AGER. S. [pronounced m^gcr with 
 the ^ hard ; from Ka^re, Fr. maccr, Lat] 
 lean J wanting flefn. Thin, poor, or hun- 
 gry, applied to ground. 
 
 M E C 
 
 i^xcellencc ; defe<n: ; want of dignity, birth 
 or fortune ; fordidnefs. 
 
 MEANT, [pronounced »»*«;] the perfeft 
 and parr, paflive of Mean, 
 
 ME'AN-TLME, M.-'AN WHILE, Adv. 
 in the fpacc or interval happening between 
 two periods of lime. 
 
 ME'ASLED, Adj. infeaed with the 
 n)calles. 
 
 ME'ASLES, S. [maftkn, meffekn, Belg.] 
 
 Mli'AGERNESS, S. leanncfsj want of a cutaneous difeafe, confiding in a general 
 
 flefh; fcantinefs; fmallnefs 
 
 MEAL, S. [male. Sax. a repail, mud. 
 Belg. food] the afl of eating at a certain 
 time; a repart; a part or fragment ; the flour 
 of wheat corn, finely ground or fifteJ, from 
 tnakive. Sax. 
 
 To MEAL, V. A. \niehr, Fr.] to fprinkle, 
 mingle, or fpot. 
 
 ME'ALMAN, S. one that deals in flour 
 or meal. 
 
 ME'ALY, Adj. having the tafte or other 
 qualities of meal ; befprinkled or fpottcd as 
 with meal. 
 
 ME'ALY-MOUTHED, Adj. \mealw, or 
 main. Sax.] foft-mouthed ; unable to ad- 
 drefs a perfon through balhfulnefs. 
 
 ME'ALY-MOUTHEDNESS, S. balhful- 
 sefs. 
 
 MEAN, Adj. \ma:ne. Sax.] wanting dig- 
 nity; of low birth or rank j low minded ; 
 contemptible, or defpicable; middle ; mode 
 rate, or without exccfs; from myen, Fr, 
 fnian, Perf Intervening ; intermediate; com- 
 ing or happening between any two periods of 
 time. 
 
 ME.'VN, S. \moyen,Yr. m'lan, Perf] me- 
 diocrity ; a m'ddlo- Hate between two ex- 
 tremes; a medium; an interval; anything 
 \ifed to^fTeft an end. Merhod or manner, 
 ufed in the plural, and by the bed writers, 
 though ungrammiitically, with an adjeflive 
 (ingular. '* Employed as a meiJns of doin^; 
 «« good." Atte.'iury. By all mc in, fignifies 
 without doubt, hefitation, or fail. By no 
 THcani, not in any degree or refpeft; not at 
 all. In the plural number, it is likewife ufed 
 for revenue, or fortune. 
 
 To MEAN, V. N. [preter and participle 
 meant, pronounced vicU ; from ivaniun. Sax.] 
 to have in the mind} to intend; to defign ; 
 to hint at. 
 
 MEA'NDER, S, [from Meander, a river 
 in Phrygia, remarkable for its winding courlcj 
 a maze ; labyrinth ; a winding courle. 
 
 MEA'NDROUS, Adj. having many turn- 
 ing? or windings, 
 
 ME'ANING, S. purpofe, or intention ; 
 the fenfe, or thing undcrftood by any ex- 
 prcflion. 
 
 ME'aNLY, Adv. [from mean the adjec- 
 tive] moderately ; in a low degree ; in a poor 
 or bafe manner ; without wealth, dignity, 
 «r rcfpc(ft. 
 
 ME'ANNESS, S. want of pcrfeamn, or 
 
 appearance of eruptions, not tending tos fup- 
 puration, of the nature of flea bites, which 
 come out the fourth day after a perfon is ta- 
 ken, and difappear the fourth day after their. 
 coming out ; fo that the diftemper bears a 
 near rcfemblance to the fmall-pox. A difeafe 
 in fwine, appearing in red fpots upon their 
 fliin. 
 
 MEA'SLY, Adj. fcabbed with the meafles. 
 ME'ASURABLE, Adj. [hommeafure] fiich 
 as mav be meafured or computed. Figura- 
 tively, moderate, or in fmall quantity. 
 
 ME'ASURA&LENESS, S. the quality of 
 being capable of meafure. 
 
 ME'ASURaBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as may be meafured; moderately. 
 
 ME'ASURS, S. [pronounced, mezure ', 
 Kcfure, Fr. rny;.'r/r, Ital. from;/;c;:yi.Ti7, Lat.] 
 that by which the quantity or extent of any 
 thing is found ; the rule by which any thing 
 is adjufted or proportioned ; proportion ; or 
 fettled quantity; a fufficient quantity or de- 
 gree; motion regulated by mufical time; 
 the cadence or time obfcrved in poetry or 
 dancing ; fjllables limited to certain numbers 
 compofing a verfe ; metre ; a tunc. To have 
 hard i!:r:ifui-e is to be hardly dealt by. 
 
 To ME'ASURE, V. A. [mefurer, Fr.] to 
 compute the quantity or extent of any thing 
 by fome fettled rule ; to comprehend, " Great 
 "are thy works; jehc-vah—'Wh^t ihoaf^ht 
 "can meafure thee" Par. Lcji. Toadjuftj 
 or proportion ; to allot or diflribute. 
 
 MEASURELESS, Adj. not to be mea- 
 fured, or comprehended. 
 
 ME'ASUREMENT, S. the aft of find- 
 ing the quantity or extent of any thing, by 
 means of fome ftandard or rule. 
 
 MEA'SURER, S. one that dlflributes 
 things in proper quantities by means of fome 
 ftandard or rule. 
 
 MEAT, S, [mete. Sax. nuts, Fr.] flefh to 
 be eaten ; food in general. 
 
 ME'ATTED, Adj. fed j foddered, ap- 
 plied to cattle. 
 
 MECHA'NIC, or MECHA'NICAL, Adj. 
 [meckar.icus, Lat.] mean ; fervile ; of mean, 
 employ ; conftrufted by the laws of mecha- 
 nics ; fltilled in mechanics. 
 
 MECHA'NIC, S. a manufafturer, or per- 
 fon engaged in handicraft employments. Me- 
 chanic f ewers, are commonly reckoned fix, 
 viz. the ballance, the le-ver, the fully, the 
 fcreiv, the %udze, and the wheel, 
 ■ ^ ME-
 
 MED 
 
 MECHA'NICS, S. Um-/:'unL-j,L2t.]th£geo- 
 metry oF motion, or a mathenntkal fcicnce, 
 which (]icw the effects of powers or moving 
 forces, fo f.cr as they are appHed to engines, 
 and dcmonlf rate tlic lavvs of motion. 
 
 MECHA'NICALLY, Adv. according to 
 the lavvs of mechanifm. 
 
 MECHA'NICALNKSS, S. agreeablenefs 
 to the laws of meclianifm 5 mcaiuiefs. 
 
 MECHA'NICIAN, S. [med'anid.-njT.] a 
 man profciTIngand ftiidyinjjthe fcienceof the 
 mechanic powers, or the conflniftion of ma- 
 chines. " As ;?;tii)jn;V/ani fpeak." /jcy/f. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 ME'CHANISM, S. aOion according 'to 
 mechanic laws ; the conllrucHon of the parts 
 depending on each other in any engine, or 
 complicated machine. 
 
 ME'DAL, S. [me.'loille, Fr.]' an ancient 
 coin J a piece of metal llamped in honour of 
 ionic extraordinary aflion or perfon. 
 
 ]\IKDA'LLIC, Adj. belonging to medals. 
 
 MRDA'LLION, S. [miJaillon, Fr.] a large 
 antique (lamp or medal, bearing the f.;mc 
 refpecl to ancient coins, as modern medals do 
 to modern money. 
 
 ME'DALLIST, S. hncdaV.Vfic, Fr ] a man 
 Ikiiled or curious in collecfling medals. 
 
 To ME'DDLF-, V. N. {mcddekn, Belg.] 
 to have to do ; to concern one's felf about \ 
 to interpofe or interfere oScioully. 
 
 ME'DDLER, S. one who iiUerpofcs, or 
 bufies himfelf with things that do uot con- 
 cern him. 
 
 ME'DDLESOME, Adj. officiouny inter- 
 pofmg in affiirs that do not concern oncj in- 
 termeddling. 
 
 MEDIA'NA, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the 
 name of a vein, or little vellel, made by the 
 union of the cephalic and liafilic veins in the 
 bend of the elbow ; likewife, the feam run- 
 ning along the middle of the toni;i!e. 
 
 MEDlA'STlNE, S. |Fr. mcdiljUnumX^'^.'] 
 in Anatomy, a double fimbri..ted membrane, 
 formed by the continuation of the pleuia, 
 which Comes from th.e (lernum, and goes 
 ftrait down through the middle of the thorax 
 to the vertebra;, round which the guts are 
 convolved, fullained, and prevented from lal- 
 ling from one fide of the thorax to the other. 
 
 To ME'DIATE, V. N. [from wedius, 
 Lat.] to interpofe as an equal friend between 
 two parties, in order to procure a reconcilia- 
 tion ; to be between two. Atflively, to limit 
 by fometliin^ placed in the middle. 
 
 MPI'DIATE, Adj. \mcd\a,e-:, Fr.] inter- 
 pofed ; coming between ; placed between 
 two extremes. 
 
 ME'DIATELY, Adv. by a fccondary or 
 ifltervcning caufe. 
 
 MEDIA'TION, S. [Fr.] intcrpolaion or 
 intervention ; agency, or a power of acting 
 between; intocefTion or inrreaty fur another. 
 
 MEDl.VTOR, S. {maluiuur, Fr.] enc 
 who a(f>s between two parties, in order to 
 
 1 
 
 MED 
 
 procure a reconciliation ; an intercel'br in fa- 
 vour (jf another. 
 
 MEDIATO'RIAL, or MEDIATORY, 
 Adj. belonging to a mediator. 
 
 MEDIA' rORSHlP, S. the ofilce of a 
 mediator. 
 
 MEDIA'TRIX, S. a female or woman 
 who afts between, or endeavours to reconeile 
 two parties at variance. 
 _ ME'DICAL, Adj. \neduui, L',t.] phy- 
 (ical ; relating to medicine, or the art of 
 healing. 
 
 ME'DICALLY, Adv. after the manner 
 of medicine ; according to the art or opera- 
 tion of i^hyfic. 
 
 ME'DICAMENT, S. [yx.vicdkamcntv.rn, 
 Lat.] any thing ufed in healing j generally 
 applied to external remedies. 
 
 MEDICAME'NTAL, Adj. relating to 
 medicines. 
 
 MEDICAMR'NTAELY, Adv. after the 
 manner, or wicli the power ot medicine. 
 
 To ME'DICATE, V. A. \m,d-u-utat, of 
 7nedico, Lat,] to tinifture, impregnate, or al- 
 ter by the infufion of medicines. 
 
 MEDlCA'T]ON,-S. the aft of tincTluring, 
 impregna'ing, ot alteiing by the intulion 'u£ 
 medical ingredients. 
 
 MEDI'CINABLE, Adj. [,m:ii^:„.:!!s, Lat.] 
 having the power of phylic, or having the 
 qualities of healing, curing, or removing dii- 
 ordeis. 
 
 MEDI'CINAL, Adj. Tat prcfent, it i.? ac- " 
 cented on the fecoiul lyllablc, but it is ufcd in 
 the bell authors with the accenc en the t];iid 
 or lad J)llablebut one; from ff.i"(/;V/></./ii, l,at | 
 having tlie power of healing ; belonging to 
 phytic. 
 
 MKOrCINALLY, Adv. phyfically. 
 
 M E' D 1 C 1 N E , S . f p ro n o u n cc d mcdid/t ; 
 from mcd'uine, Fr. viea'uhm. Lit.] phylie; 
 any drug given to cure a difordcr ; the iirt of 
 healing. 
 
 MEDIO'CRITY, S. \mcdl»aite, Fr. v.idi- 
 ociif.n, Lat. J a fmall degree; a middle rale 
 or Itaie , moderation. 
 
 T o ME'Dl-i-ATi;, V. A. [mcdiu>tu<:. from 
 mtditftr, Lat. meditei-, Fr.J to plan, fchenie, 
 or contrive in the mind ; to think on or re- 
 volve in the miiul. Neiiterly, to think, dwell 
 on, or contemrlite with intenfe thought. 
 
 MEDlTA'riON, S. [ Er. n.editutlo, Lat ] 
 deep thought, or clofe and intent application 
 of the mind to any ("uljjech 
 
 ME'DITATJVE, Adj. ftddi^ed to in- 
 tenfe thought ; expreding any intention or 
 delitin. 
 
 MKOITERRA'NE,MEDITERRA'NF.- 
 AN, MEDITERR.AN'EOUS, Adj. f;;,..//- 
 ttiffn/c, Fr. from wd'uK, l.at. and rtrrtJ,\ at.] 
 furrounded with land ; inland, or at a diltance 
 from the fea. 
 
 MEDITERRA'NEAV SEA, S. fo tilled 
 as being furrounded willi l.md on all fide';, 
 except at the (hei^his of tiiUraluir in the W.
 
 M E E 
 
 and the Thracian Eofphonis on the V.. 
 whlcl) hCi lets the Euxinc or Black fea into 
 it, as the firft does a con (fant current of the 
 Athmtic ocean. The ancients called it the 
 Hefperian lea, as King W. The Scriptures 
 call it the Grent fed, in oppulition to the Tea 
 of Galilee. It was alfo denominated the 
 Lower fea by the Romans, from thccoali of 
 Genoa to that of .Sicily. It had the appella- 
 tion of Mare Internum, on the fame account 
 with that of Mediterranean. It has to-' 
 pical names, as the Genoefe, Tufcan, Adria- 
 tic, Levant, Sicilian, Lyons, Archipelago, 
 &c. fca, or gulf h It is parted from the At- 
 lantic or j;rcjt VVeftern ocean by the freights 
 of Gibraltar, from the Red fca by the illh- 
 mus of Suez, and from the Propontis by the 
 flreights Dardanelles. It has Europe on the 
 N. Africa on the S. Afia on the E. and the 
 freights of Gibraltar on the W. — Its utmoft 
 extent from N. to S. where widefl:, that is, 
 from the gulph of Sidra in Tripoly, tu that 
 of Venice, from 30 deg. 20 min. to 46 dcg. 
 40 min. upwards of 16 degrees, is above 900 
 miles. Its length from E. to W. or from 
 Syria and Pale-lHne to Gibraltar, that is, from 
 5 deg. W. to 36 dcg. E. or long. 41 deg. 
 upwards of 2000 miles. In the Mediterra- 
 nean are feveral peninfulas, as Italy, Greece, 
 and Anntolia 5 likewife illands, as Sicily, Sar- 
 dinia, Corfica, Majorca, Minorca, Corfu, 
 Cephalonia, Zante, Candia, Rhodes, Cyprus, 
 thofe of the Archipelago, &c. 
 
 ME'DIUM, S. [Latj any thing that in- 
 tervenes or comes between ; the middle place 
 or degree. In Mechanical Philofophy,. that 
 fpace or region which a body pafles in its mo- 
 tion towards aay point. In Arithmetic, a 
 number equally didant from each extreaie. 
 
 ME'DLER, S. [f>'cf;.k, Fr. mefpilus, Lat.] 
 the fruit of the medler-tree, which contains 
 five hard feeds, and is not fit for eating till it 
 begins to decay. 
 
 ME'DLEV, or ME'DLY, S. a mixture ; 
 a confufid mafs ; a collecflion of different 
 pieces injudicioully jo^Ued together in the 
 fame book. 
 
 ME'DLEY, Adj. mixed; confufed." Make 
 " medley war." Dryd. 
 
 MEDU'LLAR, or MEDU'LLARY, Adj. 
 [medul/airf, f r ] belonging to, or refembling 
 the marrow. 
 
 MEKK, Adj. fw-^/Z;, md'iik, wakak, Sclav.] 
 not eafily provoked to anger by affronts ; 
 bearing infults without refentment. 
 
 MEEK'LY, Adv. in a mild or gentle 
 manner j in fuch a manner as to bear affronts 
 without any refentment or anger. 
 
 MEE'KNESS, S. a temper of mind not 
 tafily provoked to refentment by injuries, 
 but bearing afBiftions with a refigmtiori to 
 God. 
 
 MEKR. Adj. fin^ple ; Mnmix'ed. S^ 
 Meai, Adj. 
 
 MEL 
 
 MEER, S. a lake or boundary. See 
 Meere, S. 
 
 MEET, Adj. proper; qualified; adapted 
 to any ufe. 
 
 To MEET, V. A. [preter 7 w^r, or ha-ve 
 met, particip. tttctt ; from metan, Sax.] to 
 light on J to he treated ; to clofc or touch j 
 to find; to aiiemble in the fame place from 
 dilfcrent parts. Neuterly, to encounter, or 
 come face to face ; to engage ; to join. 
 
 MEETER, S. one that accofls, finds acci- 
 dentaUv, or comes up to aperfon face to face. 
 
 MKE'TING, S. an aflembly ; a congrefs ; 
 the congregation in a place of worfliip be- 
 longing to the diflinters. 
 
 MEE'TING-HOUSE, S. a place where 
 dillenters ademblc to worlliip. 
 
 MFt'TLY, Adv. in a fit or proper manner. 
 
 MEE'TNESS, S. fitnefs or propriety. 
 
 ME'GRIM, S. [megrahu Fr.] a difordcr 
 of the head, attended with a fenfation of 
 turning round. 
 
 MELANCHO'LIC, A A].[f torn melancholy] 
 difordcred or atflided with melancholy ; fan- 
 ciful ; gloomy, or fad. 
 
 ME'LANCHOLY. S [from ^sXavo?, and 
 p^oXv, Gr.] a difeafe fuppofed to proceed from 
 a redund-ince of black bile, but really arife& 
 from too heavy and vifcid blood. A gloomy, 
 penfivc temper. 
 
 ME'LANCHOLY, Adj. gloomy; difmal; 
 habitually penlive and dejected. 
 
 MELi'CERIS, S. [(«£X(x«pi?, Gr.] a tu- 
 mor inclofed in a cyltis or bag, confifting of 
 a matter like honey, whence it derives its 
 name. 
 
 To ME'LIORATE, V. A. [meliorcr, Fr. 
 from melior, Lat.] to make better or im- 
 prove. 
 
 MELIORATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 rendering a thing better. 
 
 MELIORITY, S. [wf/;V, Lat.] the Hate 
 of being better. 
 
 MELLIFICA'TION, S. lmeinjicat„s,ivom 
 mdi;fico, Lat.] the a<n or pradice of making 
 honey ; produiftion of honey. 
 
 MELLIFLU'ENCE, S. a Iflonied flow ; a 
 flow of fweetnefs. 
 
 MELLOW, Adj. foft w^th ripenefs ; foft 
 in found. Fat, applied to ground. Figura- 
 tively, drunk. 
 
 To MELLOW, V. A. to ripen ; to fof- 
 tcn by ripenefs ; to ripen by age ; to foften ; 
 to bring to maturity or perfe(flion. Neuterly, 
 to grow ripe. 
 
 MELLOWNESS, S. the rtate of fruits 
 made foft by ripenefs or time ; maturity i 
 full- a^e. 
 
 MELO'DIOUS, Adj. {ixommckdy'] found- 
 ing gr.itefui to the ear ^ harmonious; mufical. 
 
 MELO'DIOUSNESS, S. harmonioufnefs ; 
 fweetnefs of found. 
 
 MELODY, S. [^£X«^ia, Gr.] the agree- 
 able cffe<ft of different mufical founds ranged, 
 a or
 
 MEM 
 
 t>r difpofed in a proper fuccefTion, and caufeJ 
 only by one fingle part, voice or inftrument ; 
 whence it is diftingiiifhed from harmony ; 
 though both words are ufcd in difcourfe and 
 writing as if they vVere fynonimous. Mufic j 
 an agreeablenefs of found that raifes pleafure 
 in the mind. 
 
 ME'LON, S. [Fr. mtio, Lat.j a plant, 
 which runs along the ground, and produces a 
 fruit refembling the cucumber, but far more 
 bulky, and more rich in tafte. 
 
 To MELT, V. A. [mdtun. Sax. fmeltan, 
 Belg.] to diflolve any folid fubftance and 
 make it liquid, either by means of tiuids or 
 heat i to difJblve or break in pieces. Figu- 
 ratively, to foften to love or tendernefs. Neu- 
 terly, to become liquiJ, or be made fluid. 
 Figuratively, to be foftened to pity or any be- 
 nevolent paflion ; to grow tender, mild, or 
 gentle; to be diflblved, 
 
 ME'LTER, S. one that dilTolves metals 
 or other folid fubflances by heat. 
 
 ME'LTINGLY, Adv. in a tender or af- 
 fedlionate manner like fomething rendered 
 foft or fluid by heat. 
 
 MEMBER, S. [memire, Fr. membrum, Lat.] 
 a limb or joint of an animal body ; a part of 
 a difcourfe ; a head ; a claufe ; a fingle pcr- 
 fon belonging to a fociety or community. 
 
 ME'.VIBRANE, S. [Fr mendramim, Lat.] 
 a web of feveral forts of fibres interwoven to- 
 gether, ferving to wrap up fome parts in the 
 fabric of aa animal. 
 
 MEMBR.<VNA'CEOUS, MEMBRA'NE- 
 OUS, or ME'MBRANOUS, Adj. [mem- 
 hraneux, Fr.] confifling of membranes. 
 
 MEMENTO, S. f Lat. remember] a hint, 
 or notice to recal a thing into the memory. 
 
 MEMO'IR, S. [»2f»;o;>^, Fr. ] an account 
 of fome tranfadlions written in a familiar 
 manner; a hint, notice, or account of any 
 thing. 
 
 ME'MORABLE, Adj. [Fr. memorahilh, 
 Lat.] worthy of being remembered. 
 
 MK'MOR.'\BLY, Adv. in a manner wor- 
 thy of being remembered. 
 
 MEMORA'NDUM, S. [Lat.] a note to 
 aflifl the memory. 
 
 MEMO'RIAL, Adj. [Vr.memorialh, Lat.] 
 perferving the memory or remembrance of a 
 thing ; contained in the memory. 
 
 MEMO'RIAL, S. a monument, or fome- 
 thing ercifled to preferve the memory of fome 
 great perfon or a<f\ion ; a hint to affift the 
 memory; the reprcfentation of a tranfaftion, 
 given by way of remonflraiicc or corrjpluint 
 from one prince, or his ambaflador, to an- 
 other. 
 
 MEMO'RIALIST, S. one who makes re- 
 m«n(lranccs, or fets forth any particular cir- 
 cum (lance 
 
 ME'MORY, S. [memorie, Fr. fremoria, 
 Lat.] the powerof reviving thofe ideas in our 
 minds, which have difappeared or have been 
 laid afide for a time ; the adtot' recolle(fting 
 
 MEN 
 
 things part ; the lime or period of a pcrfon's 
 knowledge. 
 
 MEN, the plural of Mi;n. 
 
 MEN-PLEASER, S. one that fervilely en- 
 deavours to pleafe mankind, and at the fame 
 time is negligent of religious offices. 
 
 To MENACE, V. A. [mcn^cer, Fr.] to 
 threaten. 
 
 MENA'CE,S.athreat,or pofitiveaiFurance 
 of mifchief on certain conditions. 
 
 MENA'CER, S. one who threatens or de- 
 nounces mifchief to another. 
 
 MKNAGE, S. [Fr. pronounced wrw^w^^l 
 a coUedion of animals. " The largeft menage 
 " that I met with." y^ddif. 
 
 MENA'GERIE, or MENAGRY, S. 
 [menagerie, Fr.] a place where wild hearts or 
 animals a- e kept. 
 
 To MEND, V. A. [emendo, Lat.] to re- 
 pair or make good any breach or decay ; to 
 corrtd or alter for the better ; to help or ad- 
 vance ; to improve or incrcafe. Neuterlv, to 
 grow better, to be changed for the better. 
 
 ME'NDER, S. one that repairs breaches 
 or decays j one that alters or correds for the 
 better. 
 
 ME'NDICANT, Adj. [mendkans, Lat.] 
 begging. 
 
 ME'NDICANT, S. \mendk,nt, Fr.] a 
 beggar ; one of a religious fociety that fubfirts 
 by alms acquired by begging. 
 
 ME'NIAL, Adj. [Vrom mc'wy or r?ar.y, 
 men]. Sax. mefn'ie, old Fr.] belonging to the 
 retinue or number of fervants ; of a low or 
 hafe employ. " The moft menial fervants." 
 Sivift. 
 
 M E'NSTRUAL, Adj. [Fr. mcnjlnms, Lat.] 
 monthly ; happening every month ; lafling 
 a month ; belonging to a mcnflvuiim ; from 
 m.nfiructix, Fr. 
 
 ME'NSTRUOUS. Adj. [mcvjlruus, Lat.] 
 having a monthly flux. 
 
 ME'NSTRUtlM.S.aliquorufedtodTlolvc 
 any thing, or to extracfl the virtues of any 
 ini^icdients by infufion or boiling. 
 
 MENSURABI'LITY, S. [menfurahinn', 
 Fr.] capacity of being meafurcd. 
 
 ME'NSURABLE, Adj. [from v.cnfi.ru, 
 Lat.] capable of being meafured. 
 
 MENSURAL, Adj. [ivommcnfura, Lat.] 
 relating to meafurc. 
 
 To ME'NSURATE, V. A. to meafurc or 
 take the dimcnfions of any thing. 
 
 MF:NSURA'TI0N, S. the aa or praaice 
 of mcafuring ; the dimenfions or quantity 
 found out by means of a meafure. 
 
 ME'NTAL, Adj. [mentalc, Fr. ] exifllng 
 inthemind; belonging to themind ; internal. 
 
 ME'N TALLY, Adv. in the mind j in 
 thought and meditation. 
 
 MI-.'NTION, S. [¥\-.n:cntio, Lat.] a hint j 
 an fixpreffion in writing or fpeaking ; a reci- 
 tal of a thing. 
 
 To ME'NTION, V. A. [mentionner, Fr.] 
 to cxf refs in words or writing. 
 
 Sfz MEPHI-
 
 M E R 
 
 MEnil'TICAL, AJj. [mijyUtn, Lm.] ill- 
 f-ivoLucd ; (Unking ; poifoiious, " Mft>bi- 
 *' Cay;/ exhalations." ^ibifcy. 
 
 MR'RCANTANT, ''i.'[mcrcar.far.re, Itul.] 
 a f jrcivjntr, or foreign iraJer. " A nurcan- 
 *' r,:r:r, or clic a pcJ mt," S/.-'ai. 
 
 MK'RCANriLK, Adj. [mcmr, Lat.l 
 l)clonc;in g to truJc j belonging co a mciclunt j 
 conia5cici.il. 
 
 M;'RC:NAR1>^KSS, S. [from mercenary] 
 a losv and (brdiJ n:lpe(ft to gain or lucre. 
 
 Mli'RCKNARY, Adj. [.Koafi.ii c, Fr. 
 nicrcinjrius, Lat. ] asfling only for hire, or 
 from a low and fordid profpci'^ ojf gain ; 
 hired ; fold for money. 
 
 MI-:RCKN'ARY, S. [)«mc»w;-T,Fr.] a hire- 
 ling ; one rct:;iiu-d or fcrvingfor pay. 
 
 ME'1<.CKK , S. [w.rdL-r, ir'r.j one '.-.ho fc'.h 
 filks and Hurts. 
 
 MF.'RCKRY, S. rwtVTm.', Fr.] the trade 
 of ll-llini; lilks and (li.fTs. 
 
 MURX:iiA\'l)I.SK, .S. [mcrchamnjc, Fr ] 
 trallic, commuce, or trade ; waies j any tiling 
 bou"lit or ibid. 
 
 To ME'RCHANDISE:, V. N. to trade 
 or (raOTK-. 
 
 MK'RCHANT, S. \mcrchand, Fr.] one 
 who trades with p^rfons in foreign countries. 
 MK'llCHANT-MAN, S. a trading Ihip. 
 MK'RCHANTABLE, Adj. fit or likely 
 to be bought or fold. 
 
 MF.'RCIFL'L, Adj. [from mcr^y and/v//] 
 vvil'iin^j to pity, iparc, or pardon an oifence, 
 or oli'ender; unwil.iiig to punilh. 
 
 ME'RCIFULLY, Adv. with pliy, or an 
 inclination to (pare an oHLnder. 
 
 Mt'RCIFULNKSS, S. the cjuality of pi- 
 tjiiisj I'r fparing offenders. 
 
 IVU:'RCILRSS, Adj. with 
 patTi )n ; cruel ^ ievere. 
 
 ME'RClLK.'iSLV, Adv. in Aich a man- 
 ner as neither to pity nor iparean oikndcr. 
 
 MF'RCILKSSNFSS, S. tiie quality of nu 
 nilhing without pity (>r pardon. 
 
 ?.ltRCL'RIAL, Adj. [;;;<7v«/-w.'/.s Lat.] 
 formed under tiie inHiienee of Meieury ; ac- 
 
 lout p'.ty or com- 
 
 M E R 
 
 ME'RCY, S, [fierci, Fr. contra<f>cd from 
 mij'ericoriiia , Lat.] the a>fl of palling by crimes 
 without punifhing them ; unx^^illingni Is to 
 punilh ; the art of pitying and pardoning of- 
 fenders ; pardon. 
 
 MERF, Adj. [n.crus, Lat.] entire ; only ; 
 e.KcUilive of all other perfms or things ; limple. 
 MFRE, or IMFR, whether in the begin- 
 ning, middle, or end of the names of plices, 
 is dtrivcd from /ncrf. Sax. a pool or lake. 
 1\IFRK, [Sax. J a large pool or lake. 
 MF'RELY, Adv. finiply ; only ; barely; 
 excluhvc of any other way, defign, or pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 M KR ETR I'CrOUS, Adj. [meretyhhn,Uit.\ 
 ufed by, or belonging to harlots j fedueing 
 or alluring by talle lliew. 
 
 MKKETRI'CIOL'SLY, Adv. after the 
 manner of a harot j with falfe allurements. 
 
 MERETRl'CIOUSNESS, S. the quaHty 
 of uling falle allurements, like thofc of 
 harlots. 
 
 MERl'DLAN, S. fa.'eiUkH, Fr. mcrlJJf.', 
 Lat.] noon, or mid-day. In Geography, a 
 line drawn from north to fouth, which the 
 fun croiles at noon. Figuratively, the par- 
 ticular (hue or place of a thing j the highell 
 point of glory of power. Applied to an arti- 
 ficial globe, the brazen circle, in which the 
 globe hangs and turns. 
 
 ]\IERl'bIA^f, Adj. at the point of noon j 
 fouthern, or extended to the north and 
 fouth. Figuratively, raifcd to the highelt 
 point. 
 
 MERI'DIONAL, Adj. [Fr.] fouthern; 
 fuuated towards the fouth ; looking towards 
 the fouth. 
 
 MERIDIONA'LITY, S. fitu.itccl in the 
 fouth ; pofition of a place, fo us to look to- 
 wards the fouth. 
 
 MERIDIONA'LLY, Adv. with a fouthern 
 afpea. 
 
 AIERI'ONYTHSHIRE, S in Welch .Sir 
 rcu\'jn\(til, a C'.unty of North Wales. It i.*- 
 bounded on the S. !)y Caidiganlhire, from 
 which ir is parted by the river Dovy or Dytfi ; 
 
 live ; i'prightly; vol.itile. In Medicine, con- Ion the E. by Montgomeiylliire and Dcnbigli- 
 fiUing of quick hlver or mrrcury. | Ihire j on the N. by Caernarvonlhire and 
 
 MIVRCLRIFICATION, S. the aft of, part of Cenbighlhire ; and has the Irilh fea 
 mixing or incorporating with quick-lilver. on the W. for a length of thirty-five mile? : 
 
 Ml'RCURY, S. \Me'cur'ius, Lat.] in its breadth is thirty. It is entirely moun- 
 Mvthologv, a deity held to be the mefltnger Itainous ; but abounds with flieep, black cat- 
 of the other gods, to prefide over eloquence | tie, fifl), goats, and game. 1 he inhabi- 
 
 anJ trade, to be the inventor ofmulic, the 
 interpreter of the will of the other deities, 
 and the fon of Jupiter by IM.ua. In Che- 
 niillry, quick-Illver. In Heraldry, a purple 
 cohnvr. In Agronomy, the leafl and lowelt 
 of the planets next the moon ; its mean mo- 
 tion is ^9 minutes eight feconds ; but fome- 
 tinies it is i'o I'vuf- as to go a whole degree 
 and 40 minutoin a day. In Botany, a plant. 
 Fi"urativi.lv, (piighiliuel^, applied to the 
 mind. A carrier of news-papers : the Lift 
 fenfe is low, and mere caut. 
 
 tants apply themfelves wholly to grazing, and 
 live on butter, cheefe, ^c. 'i he principal 
 rivers here are the Tovy, Avon, Drwrydh, 
 and Dee. The lake Lhyn-tigid or Pimble- 
 mere, in this county, covers 160 acres of 
 ground : through it runs the Dee, which, 
 though communicating their waters, do not 
 comnumicate their filh. 'I he herbs on the 
 mountains here, and the hfh in the lakes, are 
 much the fame with tliofe of the Alps. A- 
 mong innuiwerable peaks here, are the famous 
 Kadcr-idricks, Karaviur, Glvdcr and Mowy 
 
 wjnJa.
 
 M E S 
 
 MET 
 
 K*-ynJa. It lies in the diocefe of Bangor, anil | To MESH, V. A. to catch in a ner ; to 
 fends no members to parli;iment, l)iit the enfnare. " The flies by tkance ».{/I^: in the 
 knight of the Ihire. Near Harleigh, inthis'air." Drayton 
 
 county, was a llrangc livid fire from the (ea, 
 or fiery exhalation, which in 1694 burnt 
 hay- ricks, &c. 
 
 ME'RIT, S. Immte, Fr. meritum, Lat.] 
 defert ; excellence ; deferving honour or re- 
 wiird. 
 
 To ME'RIT, V A. [m^nur, Fr.] to 
 Jeferve ; to have a rij^ht to claim fomewhat 
 on account of one's excellencies ; to earn. 
 
 MERITO'RIOUS, Adi. [mcntoirc, Fr.] 
 deferving reward ; of great dcfert. 
 
 MERITO'RIOUSLY,AJv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to deferve reward. 
 
 MERITO'RIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 a thing, aftion, or ptrfon, whicli gives them 
 a right to approbation and reward. 
 
 ME'RMAID, S. [iTom mcr, the fea, and 
 maid] a fca-monflev, fuppofed to have a wo- 
 man's face and fnapc, but a filh's tail. 
 
 ME'RRILY, Adv. [fiom n.:nj} in a 
 gay, joyous, or miiihful manner. 
 
 MERR[MAKE, S. a fcftival j a meet 
 ing to be joyous. 
 
 To MhRRIMAKE, V. A. to fead ; to 
 be jovial or merry. 
 
 Mt'RRIMENT, S. m-rth ; gaiety ; fport 
 that cauf s laughter} laughter. 
 
 ME'RRINKSS, S. the quality of being 
 cheerful, or promotirg mirth among others. 
 
 MERRY, Adj. [!!:ir:g, Sax. mera, Ital.] 
 full of mirth, joy, and laughter ; cauling 
 laughter ; profperous, or maJiing cheerful. 
 " A mi'riy gale." Dr-;<{. To make nicny, to 
 junket, drink, and give a loofe to laughter 
 and joy with a friend. 
 
 ME'RRY-ANi3REW, S. a huroon, or 
 perfon who endeavours to raife laughter in 
 others by odd geflures and comical exprcf- 
 fions. 
 
 ME'RRY-THOUGHT, S. a forked hone 
 on the upper part ot the bread of towls, fw 
 called bccaulc pulled on each lide l)y young 
 perfons, from a tradition.iry opinion, ih it 
 the perfon who has the longelt fide, fli..ll be 
 married firfV. 
 
 ME'SHY, Adj. made of net work. 
 
 IME'SLIN, S. [from rr:rfier, Fr.] mixed 
 corn, confining of wheat and rye. 
 
 MESS, S. [mes, old Fr. Kel]h,\u\. nyj'f. 
 Sax.] a dilli ; a quantity of food fent to table 
 at once. 
 
 To MESS, V. A. to eat or feed. 
 
 ME'SSACtE, S. [Vv.wfjhggio, Ital] an 
 errand J any '.hing told to linother to be rela- 
 ted to a third perfon. 
 
 ME'SSENCiER, S. [mc(f.!gcr, Fr. rr.efa- 
 giere, Ital.] one who is fcnt on an errand ; 
 one who is fent to a third perffon ; a pcrtcn 
 paid by the government to carry difpatcbcs 
 relating to atlairs of flate, and is likewife em- 
 ployed by the fecret.triesw avrantsto apprehend 
 and keep in cufh.idy perfons fufpi/tcd of high 
 treafon ; a forerunner or harbinger. 
 
 MESSIAH, S. [Heb. anointed] the title 
 given by way of eminence to our Saviour, 
 meaning the fame in Hebrew as Chrill in the 
 Crreek, and alludes to the authority he had to 
 adumc the chaia(ftcrs of king, pvicft, pro- 
 phet, and that of Saviour of the world. 
 
 ME'SSll.URS, S. [plural of r;5?7/.'fwr,Fr.] 
 firs, or gentlemen. 
 
 ME'SSMATE, .S. one who e.its at the 
 fame table with ano'her. 
 
 ME'SSUACiE, S. [mrjfi/cgh.m, Lat,] in 
 Law, a dwelling- houfe, with lands udjoinijig. 
 
 MET, Participle u{ M.et. 
 
 METACA'UPUS, S. [from t^(ra, and 
 xao7r;c, Gr.] in Anatomy, the wrill, or that 
 put Ijchind the hand and the fingers. 
 
 METACA'RPAL, Adj. bclo'uging to the 
 metacarpus. 
 
 ME'TAL, S. [Fr. ;;.ir^7///iOT, Lat.]a firm, 
 heavy, opake, and hard fublhmce, fulible by 
 fire, when cold growing folid again, malleable 
 under the hammer, and of a bright, glofly, 
 glittering fubflancewhen newly cut or !)roken. 
 Figuratively, courage or fpirit. In the la(t 
 fenfe more properly written vuttle, which fee; 
 
 META'LLIC, or MET.VLLICAL, Adj. 
 [v'ttii/li^ii,', Fr.] partaking, confilHng of, or 
 
 MESERA'IC, Adj, [wi/irnj;^;/^ Fr.] be- containing metal ; made of metal 
 
 longing to the mefentery 
 
 ME'RSION, S. [p^erfio, Lat.] the aa of 
 fmking or pkuv^ing over head. 
 
 MhSE'NTKRlC Adj. [mcfcutcrijur, Fr.] 
 belonging to the mefentery. 
 
 MESpyNTERY, S. \t;i.fa!t.rr, Fr. from 
 fxi^iv, and iMTi^-jv, Gr.] in Anatomy, a fat 
 membrane placed in the middle of the abdo- 
 men, almolt of a circular figure, wi'h a nar- 
 row production, to which the end of the 
 colon and beginning of the rc(fluni are tied : 
 the inteilines arc taltencd like a border on its 
 circumference. 
 
 MESH, S. {mc:efdM; Bclg. tr.ache, old Fr.] 
 the fpace or inteiliice between the tlumds of 
 a act. Sec viajh. 
 
 ME'TALLINE, Adj. impregnated with, 
 or c()ntaining metal ; conlilling or made of 
 metal, 
 
 ME'TALLIST, S. a worker in metals ; 
 a pcrfim (kilhd in metals. 
 
 META'LLURGIST, S. [w.ym/A/?;:, Lat, 
 and ff>5v, Gr.] u worker in metals. 
 
 META'LLl'RGV, .S. ( See Mm////';?-//?] 
 the aff of working nutals, and fcparating 
 them from their ores. 
 
 To META-MCVRPHOSI"., Adj. [metomot- 
 fhoj'er, I r. I'rom fxira/AO^^ou:, Cir. j to ch.inge 
 the form or (hape of any thing ; to change 
 into a diflerent fliapc or animal. 
 
 METAMO'R Pilosis, S. [,uETt|U0{4 a'ric, 
 
 Gr.] change ul Ihape ; the change m animal 
 
 S f 3 under-
 
 MET 
 
 undergoes both in its formation and growth ; 
 the various Ihapes feme infed^s aiTume in the 
 different flagcs of their exiflence, as the filk- 
 worm, &c. 
 
 ME'TAPHOR, S. [mitaphore, Fr.] in 
 Rhetoric, a fimile comprized in one word. 
 The fpring aiuakes tlie flowers, /". e. the fpring 
 Calls the power of vegetation to adlion, as the 
 powers of a fleeping animal are excited by 
 awatcening him. 
 
 METAPHO'RIC, or METAPHO'RI- 
 CAL, Adj. [mstaphorijue, Fr.] belonging to 
 a metaphor. Figuratively, not according to 
 the primary and literal fenfe. 
 
 METAPHRASE, S. f^xBTa^paa-K, Gr.J 
 a clofe and venbal tranflation from one lan- 
 guage into another. 
 
 P,IET.\'PHRAST, S. [metibhrafie, Fr.] 
 one who trail Hates literally, or word for word, 
 out of one language into anotiicr. 
 
 METAPin'SlC, or ME lAPHYSI'CAL, 
 Adj. verfcd in metapliylics ; abflrafted. 
 
 METAPHY'SICS, S. [majphyfique, Fr 
 /rom /xiia, vmA '^uTixn, Gr.J ontology, or 
 the fcience which treats of being in the ab- 
 flraft, or withouc being lonfmed to any 
 fpccies. Some extend this word to compre- 
 hend the fcience of immaterial beings, which 
 is Y<xovtx\'^ pneumatics. 
 
 Mf.'TAPLASM, S. \i\om ixila, and 
 ■R-xas-iTi', Gr.j in Grammar, the changing or 
 traiifpofing a letter or fyllable in a word. In 
 Rhetoric, the placing of word-;, fyllables, or 
 letters, contrary to the natural order. 
 
 METATA'RSAL, Adj. [iroiw ■mitat^rjui, 
 Lat.l belonging lo the Mctatarjui. 
 
 METATA'RSUS, S. [Gr. beyond ihztar- 
 fui\ in Anatomy, that part of a human flie- 
 leton which confifls of five bones, and teaches 
 from the heel to the tucs, containing the 
 middle of the foot. 
 
 METATKE'SIS, S. TGr.] in Grammar, 
 the iranfpofition of the letters or fyllables of 
 a word, as e-var.dre for e-vandcr. 
 
 To METE, V. A. [.w.vor, Lat. metan. 
 Sax. ) to meafare ; to reduce to meafnre. 
 
 METEMPSiXHO'SIS, S. [from fxtTo., 
 and (ii/.\-jyj>: , Gr.] the tranfmigration of fouls 
 after death to other bodies. 
 
 ME'ThOR, S. {fxit-oifo., Gr.l a mixt, 
 changeable, moveable, and imperfe<ft body, 
 appearing in the atn-.ofphcre, formed out oi 
 \\^tt common elements by the a<flion of the 
 he.vcniy bodies. Ign\us w.t/twi confifl of 
 fat fulphureous fmoke fet on fire ; fuch are 
 lightening, thunder, falling ftars, fcfc. Ao'tal 
 or airy nwfcors, confift of air and fpirituous 
 exhalations ; fuch are winds, &c. Aquious 
 or loatery mete rs arc conipofcd of vapours, or 
 watery particles coiidcnfed by cold or heat j 
 fuch are cloud«, rainbows, hail, (how, &c. 
 ' METEOROLO'GICAL, A dj . | from ;;;f - 
 U-'olo-yy |belongingto thedoilrineof meteors. 
 
 MEIEOaO'UjGIS T, S. a perfon Ikilled 
 JH the nature and caufes of meteors. 
 
 MET 
 
 METEORO'LOGY, S. f.afltajpa, anj 
 \iytii, Gr.] the dcsdtrine of meteors ; a dif- 
 courfe treating of the caufe and nature of 
 meteors. 
 
 ME'TER, S. a meafurer. 
 
 ME'THEGLIN, S. [mcMg/Iyn, or meJdig- 
 !yn, Brit.] a drink -made of honey boiled in 
 water, to which are added ginger, cloves ancj 
 rnace : after which it is fermented with yealV, 
 and bottled. 
 
 METHINKS, V. Imperf. [compounded 
 of }Ke and thinks'] I think, imagine, or fuppofe. 
 
 METHOD, S. [mcth^de, Fr, from ^£- 
 floJoj, Gr.] the placing of feveral things or 
 ideas, or performing feveral operations in 
 Inch an order, as is mofl: convenient and pro- 
 per to attain fome end ; the^manner in which 
 a thing is done. 
 
 METHO'DICAL, Adj. [mcthcditjue, Fr, 
 ranged or placed in proper and jnfl; order ; 
 performing things in a regular and orderly 
 manner. 
 
 METHO'DICALLY, Adv. in a manner 
 confident wich regularity and order. 
 
 lo ME'THODIZE, V. A. to regulate, or 
 difpofe in jufl and pioper order. 
 
 ME'TJ'IODIST, S. a phyfieian who pre- 
 fcribes from theoiy. " Our warieft phyfi- 
 " cians, not only chemilts, but mcthcdijis.^' 
 Bayle. A new fcft of religious, which arofd 
 about 1738, fo called f 10 m their affe^lation 
 of being more flricft obi'ervers of rule, and 
 pretending to greater lights than the regular 
 clergy. Sf e Gihjcn, Bp. of London's fourth 
 Pajloral Letter. 
 
 M' THO'UGHT, V. Imp. [the prefer of 
 methinks] J thought or imagined ; it appeared 
 or fepmcd to me. 
 
 METONV'MICAL, Adj. [irom metoryT 
 wy] ufed, by metonymy, for fome other word 
 or fenfe. 
 
 METONY'MICALLY, Adv. after the 
 manner of metonymy. 
 
 ME TONY'.MY, S. {metonymie, Fr. from 
 /txETa, and ovo^a, Gr.] in Rhetoric, a figure, 
 wherein a word is ufed inftead of another, as 
 the effecfl for the caufe ; the thing containing 
 for the Kh\ngcoi.:e>ined, &c. thus we fay, the 
 hettle boils, for the water contained in the 
 kettle. 
 
 ME'TER, S. [fxir^'v, Fr. metrum^'Lzt.] 
 a col!eflion of words difpofed in lines con- 
 filling of a certain number of fyllables, fo as 
 to appear harmonious to the ear j meafure ; 
 vcrft, 
 
 ME'TRICAL, Adj. [nietricus, Lat. me- 
 trique, Fr.j confined to metre; meafured or 
 limited to a certain number ef fyllables. 
 
 METRO'POLIS, S. [Lat. rnctrcpole, Fr. 
 from fMTts, and ttoXij, Gr ] the mother city ; • 
 or chief city of any country. 
 
 METRpPO'LlTAN, S. [metropolkanus, 
 Lat. I a billiop of a mother church, or of the 
 chief church in the thief city ; an aichbifhop. 
 
 METROro'LITAN, Adj. belonging to.
 
 M I D 
 
 «r fituated in the metropolis. 
 
 METROPOLI'TICAL, Adj. belonging 
 tolhechief city. " Afet>oj.>clit!Ci7/c\ty."Ra/tii^b. 
 
 ME'TTLE, S. [corrupted from man?!, but 
 not without reafon written thus, when ufed 
 ^n a nietaphoriciil fenfej fpiric j iprightlinefs j 
 Courage. 
 
 ME'TTLED, Adj. fprightly; courageous; 
 full of fpirits or fire. 
 
 METTLESOME, Adj. fprightly; lively; 
 gay ; courageous ; full of fpirits : fiery. " A 
 *' met tiefome horCc." Tatlcr. No. 6 1. 
 
 ME'TTLESOATELY, Adv. with fpright- 
 linefs ; vigour ; ardour, or courage. 
 
 MEW, S. [w.vf, Fr.j a cage j an inclo- 
 fure ; a place wherein anything is confined. 
 
 To MEW, V. A. to inclofe in a cage ; 
 to (hut up J to confine, or imprifon ; to llied 
 the feathers ; from mue, of mucr, Fr. to 
 moult. To make a Hoife like a cat j from 
 tniaukr, Fr. 
 
 MEWS, S. a prince's or nobleman's flables. 
 
 MEZZOTl'NTO, S. [Ital. half painting] 
 a kind of graving upon copper, invented by 
 prince Rupert, which rirocivts its name from 
 refembling painting, and is performed by 
 marking ihe plate in furrows or crofs lines ; 
 after whicii they are rubbed down, with a 
 burriQier or fcraper, according to the depth 
 or lightnefs of the (hades reijuircd. 
 
 MIA'SM, S. f from fxiuivu), Gr.] particles 
 or atoms, fuppofed to arife from dirtempered 
 pel Tons, and to infect others with the fame 
 Iliforders at a diflance. 
 
 MICE, the plural of Monfe. 
 
 MI'CHAELMAS, S. [fiom Michad and 
 mas, a feflivalj the fedival of the archangel 
 Michael, celebrated on the 29th of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 MI'CHER, S. [from mkhe] a lazy loiterer, 
 who (kulks about in corners and bye-places 
 out of fight. " Shall the ble(rcd fun of hea- 
 " ven prove a michcr.^'' Shak. 
 
 MICRO'COSM, S. [from /uix^o;, and 
 xoj/xo;, Gr.] the little world. RTan, fo call- 
 ed by fome fanciful philofophers. 
 
 MICROGRA'PIiY, S. [from /..cixpo;, and 
 j,px4>tt), Gr.] the defcription of tlie parts of 
 juch objects as arc vilible only by means of a 
 microfcope. 
 
 MICRO'METER, S. [from [x-.Kfo;, and 
 fxiTpcf, Gr. J an agronomical inftrun)ent, 
 which by mean? of a very fine fcrcw, ferves 
 to meafurc extremely fmall diftanccs in the 
 heavens. 
 
 MI'CROSCOPF, S. [from fMxpo;, and 
 rx57r£(u, Gr.) a dioptrical inlhumcnt, by 
 which very fhiall objects are magnified or 
 (hewn very large. 
 
 MID, Adj. [contra(ned from m'uldlc \ of 
 m'uiJle, Sdx.J middle; e4ually between or 
 diftant from two OLtremes. 
 
 M I'D- DAY, S. noon. 
 
 MIDDLE, Adj. [midcM, Sax.] in the 
 centre j eijually diltant from the two extremes. 
 
 M I D 
 
 Moderate, applied to the qualities of the 
 rnind, or (tation. 
 
 MIDDLE, S. the centre, or part equally 
 didant from two extremes j any thing be- 
 tween two extremes. 
 
 ]\II'DDLF:-AGED, Adj. of a moderate 
 age ; arrived to an equal didance between 
 childhood and old age. 
 
 MI'DDLF:M0ST, Adj. [akindoffuper- 
 lative oi }KiJdL\ formed by adding nwj}'\ mod 
 near to the middle or center. 
 
 MI'DOLESEX, S. fo called from its hav- 
 ing been the hal)itation of tlie Mid-Saxons, 
 or as Is ing in the middle of the three king- 
 doms of the eaft, welt, and Ibnth Saxons, it 
 is a county of England, in which London, 
 its great capital, (lands, being bounded by 
 HartfordOiire on the N. by the river Lee, 
 which divides it from Eflex on the E. by the 
 Thames, which feparates it from Surry on 
 the S. and by the Coin, which parts it from 
 Buckingham [hire on the W. It is about 
 twenty-fix miles long, and fifteen broad, 
 Befides London it contains the city of Weft- 
 minller, with their fpacious fuburbs, and 
 the great villages of Hnckncy, Higligate, 
 Hampliead, C^c. It includes feventy-three 
 parilhes, befides chapels of eafe, and five 
 market, towns, excluhve of the two cities a- 
 bove-mentioned ; all under thejurifdi(?^ion of 
 the bilhop of London, (bme tew peculiars 
 excepted. Middlefex gives title of earl to 
 the duke of Dorfet. 1 he flieriffs of London 
 and Middlefex are chofcn ])y the liverymen of 
 the former city. Here are the royal parks of 
 St. James's and Hyde-park, two at Hampton- 
 court, two at Enfield, or chaces, and former- 
 ly was one at Twickenham, which has been 
 difparktd. Middlefex, including London 
 and Wellminder, pays more taxes thaij any 
 ttn counties. 
 
 Ml'DDLING, Adj. [mhUen, ."^ax.] of the 
 middle rank ; of moderate fize ; having mo- 
 derate qualities. 
 
 MIDGE, S. [mycge, myig;:c. Sax.] a gnat. 
 
 MI'DLAND, Adj. remote, or at a dilbnce 
 from the fea coiifl.t; in the midft of the land. 
 '' The midland fea." Dryd. 
 
 Ml'DNlGHT, S. [n:igviht. Sax. v.'.tr.acht, 
 P.clg.] the depth of nigiit ; twelve at ni^ht. 
 
 Mi'DR I Ff , [widhrifi, Sax.] thediaphra^m. 
 
 MID-SEA, the Mediterranean fea. "The 
 " m:d-fea mecrs." Dryd. 
 
 MI'DSHIPMAN, S. a fort of under offi- 
 cer on board a Ihip, whofe (btion i.'; on the 
 quarter deck ; his bufinefs is to mind the 
 br.iccs, lookout, give the word oF command 
 from the captain and fuperior otlicers, and 
 alTilton all occafions in failing the Ihip, and 
 rumaging the hold. 
 
 MlDSr, S. the middle. 
 
 MIDST, Adj. [Johiilon fays, it is con- 
 tra(fled from tniddtj!, the fupcrlative of »/;'«/] 
 midmo(t ; fituated in the middle, or ucardt 
 to the center. 
 
 S f 4 Ml'D-
 
 M I L 
 
 r.n'DSTRKAM, S. the mljok of ihe! 
 ftieani. I 
 
 MI'DSUMMRR, S. [p:yfur::r,Six.']t.ht 
 fiimmerlblrtice, generally reckor.cil to fall on 
 tiic 24th of June 3 the fefHval of St. John 
 ih;; Bajnilt 
 
 Ml' O WAY, S. that part of a way which 
 lies between, or is equally diltant from the 
 beginning and ending. 
 
 MIDWAY, Adv. in the middle of the 
 way. 
 
 MI'DWIFF, S. a woman who delivers 
 women in childbed. 
 
 Ml'DWlFRY, S. afn (lance given in child- 
 birth j the aO. of production ; help in pro- 
 diicino ; riie trade of a midwife. 
 
 M 1 L 
 
 MILIAR V, Adj. [miirium, Lat. nrlMre, 
 Fr.Jl'mall j rcdmbling a millet feed. Mdljiy 
 glai:ds, are fmall glands interfperfcd through- 
 out I he fkin, interwoven with its pyramidal 
 papilla;, and are the organs by which the mat- 
 ter of f>\eat, and inftiWibie perfpiration is fe- 
 cretsd from the blood. MU'iary fei;cr in Me- 
 dicine, is a maligndHt fever, receiving its 
 n.ime from the Ikin's being then fprinkltd all 
 over with little purple fpots, rel'cmbling grains 
 of millet feed. 
 
 MI'LITANT, Adj. {r-Mtar.te^ Fr. mWi- 
 tans, Lat.] fighting, or a(ft:ing in the cha- 
 racter of a foldicr. In Divinity, engaged in 
 warf.ire with hell and the world, applied to 
 the church of Chrid on earth, as oppofcd to 
 
 Ml'UWlNTER, S. [Sax] the winter j that which is triumphant in heaven. 
 
 follHce, or depth of winter, reckoned to fall 
 on the iiil ot of December. 
 
 MltN, S. [»;;«<., I'r.J air ; look ; man- 
 ner. 
 
 MIGHT, the prefer of TIfiij. 
 MIGHT, S. yiK-btc, jna-go:, i>:abtc,'i>i-x.?[ 
 power ; (Irengtli j force. 
 
 MrCiHTILY, Adv. with great power ; 
 pO'verfully ; with effcacy ; violently ; vigo- 
 roully ; in a great degree. 
 
 Mi'GHTINRSS, S. \_wightlncj';. Sax.] the 
 quality of pollillingorexerciling power, great- 
 nel's, or digntiy ; a title given to princes, but 
 pcciiharly applied to the Ibtes of Holland. 
 
 Ml'GHT'Y , Adj. [Klhilg, Sax ] powerful ; 
 ftron<j 5 excellent, or powerful in any a.(\. 
 
 Mi'GHrY, Adv. in a great degree. 
 '' AligL-ty though :tul " Frhr. Not to be 
 ufed but in low language. 
 
 MI'Cj RATION', S. 7!i]grat'o, f'com tr':gro, 
 Lat.] the a£\ of ch.inging places or abode. 
 MILCH, Adj. [r:-Uh, I eut.] giving milk. 
 TvIILD, Adj. \mild,'b.x%.] kind; tender; in- 
 ilulgent 5 comp.iIIJonate ; not eafily provoked 
 to anger ; gentle ; \o'^ of acrimony ; free 
 from (harpnel's or acidity. 
 
 MI'LDFV.', S. \nnUcjiv, Sax. mfl'xiv. 
 
 Ml'LITARY, Adv. [mUitah-e, Fr. nuli- 
 tiiin, Lat.] profcfled or engaged in the life of 
 a foldicr ; belonging to the army j becoming 
 a foldier ; warlike. 
 
 MILI'TIA, S. [Lat. from w.'ss, Lat.] the 
 [landing force of a nation ; the inhabitants of 
 a country trained to arms, and afling in 
 their own defer ce. The railing the militia of 
 this kingdom, teachi.ng them tlie ufe of arms, 
 rendering them both expert in their evolu- 
 tions and exercife, and formidable to fo- 
 reigner?, though for (bmc years looked on as 
 a chimtia, was, by the fagacity and prudence 
 of the admini(lratii)n, in the year 1760 ef- 
 fc(f\ed, and thereby favcd the nation from its 
 ufual burthen in employing mercenaries a- 
 broad, or from fears ot being over-run by an 
 invalion at home. 
 
 MILK, S. [n.ih\t!ro.'r, a-io/or, Mfo'ur, Sax.] 
 a white juice, liquor, or humour, prepared 
 by the Deity in tlie breads of women, and 
 dugs of beads, for the nouri!l;ment of their 
 young ; any white fluid or liauor refembling 
 milk ; an emulfion made by almonds blanch- 
 ed, and bruifed in a mortar. " Almond 
 " milk." Bac. 
 
 To- MILK, V. A. [meoLian, Sax.] to 
 
 Teut.J adifeafe that happens to plants, caufcd j draw milk from the teats ot a bead, or the 
 
 by a dewy moilhne falhng upon thtm, 
 continuing for w\iy\X of the fun's heat to draw 
 it up ; Ipors made in linen, metals, ISc, i)y ' 
 the dampnefs ot the air. 
 
 To MILDEW, V. A. to fpot or infcft 
 vith mildt-w. 
 
 Ml'LDLY, Adv. with tendcrnefs and gen- 
 tli net's. 
 
 MI'LDNFSS, S. gentlencfs, tcnderners, or 
 o'emenev, applied 10 perinns. Softnei's or 
 meliownefs, applied to tade. 
 
 MILK, S. t>;'X. mtil, Tci't ml!.', Fr] a 
 rnn^mnn m alurc of rouls in F.nglahd, con- 
 tairiinc 17*^0 yards, or szSe feet. 
 
 MI'IJ-.S Tt^NK, S. J done fct up on the 
 
 breads of a woman, with the hand ; to give 
 luck. " How tender 'tis to love the babe 
 '• that wV.h^ me." iihak. 
 
 MlLKKN.Adj. conliding of milk. "A 
 " riilkei: iLiel." 'IcnipU: 
 
 MI'LKER, S. one that draws milk from 
 animals. 
 
 Ml'LKIXF.SS, S. the quality of a thing 
 in which ii refembles milk. 
 
 MIVK-LIVHRED, Adj. cowardly or ti- 
 morous. " Milk-li%-er(l man." Shak. 
 
 Ml LK-MAL;, S. a woman employed in 
 milkinc cattle. 
 
 Ml'LK TAIL, S. a vefTcl into which cat- 
 tle are milked. 
 
 Ml'LK-FOTTAGF, S. a kind of food 
 ilk with water and oat- 
 
 roaJ, 111 irkco with the number of miles from 
 
 any c'liet to«n. I ^is cuitom, fo pleafing to 1 mnde by boilinj^ 
 
 travellers, and To uoivcrfally pradtifed in this ! meal. 
 
 illaiid^ is boiruued hum th« ancient Ro-I MI'LK-SOP, S. a foft, cfTcminate, or ti- 
 
 rnaiis. morous perfon. 
 
 MI'LK-
 
 M I L 
 
 MI'LK-TOOTH, S. the foretooth of a 
 colt vvhiclp appears when it is thv-e months 
 old, and uliich it cafts in about two years 
 and a half afterwards, in the fame manner as 
 they appear. 
 
 MI'LK WHITE, Adj. white as milk. 
 MILK- WOMAN, S. a woman who fells 
 milk. 
 
 MILKY, Adj. made of or refemblin;; 
 milk ; yielding milk. Fip^iiratively, foft 5 gen- 
 tle ; timorous. " A famt and milky heart." 
 Slak. 
 
 MI'LKY-WAY, S. [in Lat. -via lafJea] 
 thegalaxv, or broad white path encompaffing 
 the whole heavens extending itfelf in fomc 
 places with a double path, but in others with 
 a lingle one : it hath been dileovered, by the 
 affiltance of telcfcopes, tocordfl of an innu- 
 merable quantify of fixed liars, from the 
 union or confufion of whofe light, its white- 
 ncfs is fuppofed to be produced. 
 
 MILL, S. [melii;, Brit, rnyln^ Sax.] an 
 engine or machine, in which corn or any 
 other fub([ance is ground ; any machine, 
 whofe a<rtion depends on a circular motion ; 
 or a machine which, lieing put in motion, 
 gives a violent imprelTion on things. 
 
 To MILL, V. A. to divide into fmall 
 particles ; to grind or divide into fmA\ parti- 
 cles in a mill j to beat up or make chocolate 
 froth, by putting its particles into a circular 
 motion, with a (tick rubbed i)etween the 
 hands ; to fu'I, fcour, aud clcanfe woollen 
 fluffs, in a mill. In coinage, to (lamp the 
 rim of money, to prevent clipping it. 
 
 Ml'LL-( 6G, S. the teeth on the edges 
 of the wheels, belonging to a mill, by means 
 of which they lock into each other. 
 
 MI'LLDAM, S. the mound, or bank by 
 which water is kept up to a proper height for 
 working a mill. 
 
 MILLF.MA'RIAN, S. [from miUcranum, 
 Lat.] one who believes or experts the tnilUn- 
 fiinm. 
 
 MI'LLENARY. Adj. [mi!ler:ar!e, Fr. ml/- 
 lemiriris. Lat. J confiftino of a thoufand. 
 
 Ml'LLKNI.ST, S. |Vromro;7Ar, Lat.]one 
 that holds the millenium. 
 
 MILLt'NNIUM, .S. Lat. from mll/c and 
 ant:us, Lat. J in Diviriiy, thejfpace of a thou- 
 fand years, which the lightcous. as fuppofed 
 by fome, ihall pafs with Chrilt upon earth, 
 ai his fecoTid earning. 
 
 MILLK'NNIAL, Adj. belonging to the 
 millennium. 
 
 Ml'LLKR, .S. one who looks after a mill. 
 
 TV'l'LLKR's-'lHLMB, .S. a fmall filh 
 found in brocks, cillcd likeuife the /W/-/fdJ. 
 
 Ml'LLET, .S. [;;;;.//;//;.•;, Lat.] a plant, 
 brought eriginally from the cad, which pro- 
 duces a very fmall grain, much ufed in pud 
 dings. 
 
 Ml'I. LINER, S. one who fells ribbands, 
 cups, and other coverings belonging to a wo- 
 jiian's drcs. 
 
 M I L 
 
 MI'LLTNERY, Adj. belonging to or fold 
 by a milliner. Uled fubllantively, for good.? 
 or dicfi fold by a milliner. 
 
 MI'LLION, S. [Fr. mWiogre, Ital.] the 
 number of an liundred myriads, or ten hun- 
 dred thoudind. Trovcrbially, any yery great 
 number. 
 
 Ml'LLIOMTH, Adj. the ten hundredth 
 thoufjndth, 
 
 Ml'LL-REE, S. [Port ] aPortuguefegoiJ 
 coin, fo called from its confilHng of a 
 thoufand rees, and is in value fix Ihillings 
 aerling. 
 
 Ml'LL-STONE, S. [mykr^-flav. Sax.] the 
 flone of a mill by which corn is ground. 
 
 M'lLL-TEETH, S in Anatomy, the 
 teeth called the grinders, double teeth, or 
 denies n:ohires. 
 
 MILT. S. [n.lU, Sax. m}!dt, Belg."} in 
 Natural Hiflory, the foft roe in filh, )o 
 called, becaufe it yields a white or milky juice 
 when preded. 
 
 MI'LTER, S. the male or he of any 
 filh. 
 
 MI'LTON, (John) was defcended of an 
 ancient family of that name at Milton, near 
 Abingdon, in Oxfordfiiire : his father was a 
 fcrivener, and lived at tl-.e Spread Eagle in 
 Rread-ftreet, London, where our author was 
 born on the 9th of September, i6c8. He 
 was educated at St. Paul's fchool under Mr. 
 Alex. Gill ; where he was not lefs remarkable 
 for the progrefs he made, th^n his indefatigable 
 application to learning ; it being common for 
 him even in his 12th H'ar. to fit up half the 
 nightatliis lUidies. He wasentered at Chrifl's 
 colledge Cambridge, in 1621;, and taking his 
 mafter's degree in 16^2, he quitted the uni- 
 verfity. On the death of his mother, he ftt 
 out on his travels in 163!?, vifited HugoGro- 
 ti'js at Palis, and made the tour of Florence, 
 Vienna. Rome, and Naples. The civil wars 
 breaking out in F'ngland, it prevented hisgo- 
 ing farther, and oecafioned his return. What 
 part he acfed in the rebellion is too wcil 
 known to require a particular detail. To 
 pafs over other anions of this author's life 
 we (hall only hint, thut it feems not entirely 
 iu(lifial)lc, with refpe<rt to his treatment of 
 his wife, for Having a little longer than (he 
 promiied on a vilit at her fathcr'.s. W\sFa- 
 '■ad'ife Lift, which is dcfervedly cllemeed the 
 glotyoftlie Englifh nation, may be rcfem- 
 tiled to the fun, wliich has likcwifi; its fpots. 
 Hut it is matter of finpri/,e, th.it a pcrfon en- 
 gaged in artual rebellion againfl his fovcreign, 
 and emploving his pen in vindicating his 
 murder, fliculd be almofl at the fame time 
 cng:igcd in a work which defcribes the horrid 
 confequencesof a rebellion amongihc fpiiitn- 
 al orders, and feems to be tliC grand objcdthe 
 had in view, in writing his Piir.idiji- LcJ}. 
 The beauties of this piece for fublimity of 
 thouoht, fertiliiv of invention, chaflencis of 
 language, and bcalililuluels of images, has 
 
 at
 
 M I N 
 
 « prerent no parrellel ; but at the fame' 
 time it niuft be owned it bears the ftamp 
 of human frailty, and has likewifc fome 
 glaring errors ; but had the auihor's political 
 life and principles !)ecn as unexceptionable 
 as this performance, who would not have 
 wilhed to have lived, as well as to write like 
 him ? 
 
 MIMF>, S. [mime, Fr. mimus, Lat. /^ty,oi, 
 Gr.] abutfoon, who by mimicking the action 
 or manner of lome other perfon, endeavours 
 to create mirth. 
 
 To MIMF:, V. A. to mimic the jrcdures 
 
 or manners of another fo as to caule bushier. 
 
 MJ'MER, S. a mimic; a butfoon. 
 
 Ml'MlC, Adj. [mmicus, Lat.] imitating 
 
 or copying the ac'tions of a perfon fo as to 
 
 render them ridiculous, and to excite laughter. 
 
 MIMIC, S. a perfon who imitates the 
 
 aiTlicMTS or manner of another fo as to excite 
 
 Lughter. Figuratively, a mean and fervile 
 
 imitator. 
 
 To MI'MlC, V. A. to imitate theaftions 
 of another foas to make them ridiculous, and 
 to excite hiughter; to imitate. 
 
 MI'MICaL, Adj. imitative ; copying like 
 a mimic. 
 
 Ml'TvlICALLY, Adv. after the manner 
 of a mimic; in imitation. 
 
 MI'MICRY, S. the quality or art of af- 
 fiiming theair, looks, manner or exprcflion, 
 and a<ftion.s of another. 
 
 MI'NATORY, Adj. containing threats. 
 To MINCK, V. A. [from mincer; oi mince] 
 Fr.] to cut into very fmall bits or pieces ; to 
 mention any thing fcrupuloufly, or by a little 
 at a time ; to palliate or extenuate. Ntu- 
 terly, to walk with Ihort Ifeps in an affecfied 
 manner ; to fpeak with effeminacy, or fo as 
 to omit fyllables. 
 
 MI'NCINGLY, Adv. in fmall pjrts ; not 
 fully; with palliation or extenuation. 
 
 MIND, S. [gcmind,Sh-K.] the rational 
 focil ; the understanding ; thoughts or fenti- 
 nients; opinion; memory; remtmbrance. 
 
 To MIND, V. A. to take notice of, or 
 obfervc; to apply the mind iiitenfcly to ; to 
 excite in the mind ; to recal to a perfon's 
 mind, or revivein his memory; to admonifli; 
 from tr.inder, Bjlg. Neuterly, to incline or 
 be difpofed to. 
 
 MI'.N'DED, Adj. difpofed; inclined ; af- 
 fccK-d. 
 
 MiMPFULL, Adj. attentive; heeding; 
 retaining in the momory. 
 
 MI'NDFULl.Y, Adv. attentively. 
 MI'NDFULNESS, S. attention; heed, or 
 regard. 
 
 MI'NDLESS, Adv. inattentive; regard 
 Jefi ; inanimate ; not endued with a rational 
 foul. 
 
 MINE, Pronoun pofTtlTivc [«;/«. Sax. 
 T/.-f'i-v, Teut. of mcirii, Goth. Mine was for- 
 merly iifed always beiore a vowel ; at pre- 
 fent, ii 4 lubflaniivc precedes, we iifc mine j 
 
 ralogy} 
 
 M I N 
 
 but when it follows, my; as, " This is my 
 «' book." Or, " This book is mine."] be- 
 longing to me. 
 
 IMiNE, S. {tabic, Fr.] a place or cavern in 
 the earth containing metals, ftone, or coal } 
 a hollow dug under any fortification, that it 
 may fink for want of fupport, or that pow- 
 der may be lodged in it, by means of which 
 every thing upon it may be blown up. 
 
 To MiNE, V. N. to dig mines ; to form 
 any hollows or cavities under ground by dig- 
 ging. A(f\ively, to fap ; to ruin by mmes ; 
 to delhoy by fccrct means or llow degrees. 
 
 MINhR, S. [!i:mcur.Yr.] one that digs 
 in caverns for metals, flones, or coals ; one 
 who is employed in digging cavities under 
 ground, to be lilled viitji gunpowder and fire- 
 x'orks, in order to blow up any thinfr over 
 them, 
 
 Ml'KERAL, S. minerak, Fr.] any body 
 dug out of the earth : though all metals arc 
 minciah, yet all minerals are not. metals. 
 
 Ml'NERAL, Adj. confilllng of bodies dug 
 out of the earth ; confiding of metalline par- 
 ticles. 
 
 Ml'NERALIST, S. one (killed or employ- 
 ed in extrading ores, or minerals. 
 MINERA'LOGIST, [from m 
 one that writes upon minerals, 
 
 MINER A'LOGY, S. [mineralogie, Fr.] 
 the do<flrine of minerals. 
 
 To MINGLE, V. A. [genengan, Sp.x, min- 
 gclcn, Teut. J to mix ; to join; to unite with 
 fomething elfe ; to compound. Ntuterly, to 
 be mixed or united with, 
 
 IMINGLE,^, a mixture; a medley or con- 
 f i-i fed mafs, 
 
 MI'NGLER, S. one who mixes different 
 things together. 
 
 MJ'NIATURE, S. [F.] the reprefenta- 
 tion of a thing in a very fmall fize. Gay 
 ufcs it is an adjedive, for Ibmething very 
 fmall, or of very fmall bulk. " A mir.ia- 
 " ture creature." 
 
 MI'NIKIN, Adj [See Manikin] fmall; 
 diminutive; of the lealt fize ; ufed in con- 
 tempt, 
 
 MI'NIM, S. [minlintis, Lat.] a fmall be- 
 ing or perfon. " Not all minims of nature j 
 Shak. Applied ia the northern counties to a 
 very fmall filh. 
 
 Ml'NJMUS, S.fLat.Ja being of the lead 
 liae. " You dwarf — you miiiimm of knot 
 '' grafs made." Shak. 
 
 Ml'NlON, S. \mignon,YT.'\ a favourite or 
 darling. Generally applied to a perfon who 
 lias the chief place in a prince's or great 
 man's favour, on account ot his fervile com- 
 pliances and flattery. 
 
 MI'NIOUS, Adj [vjnium, Lat] of the 
 colour of red-lead or vermillion. " A red and 
 minioi/s tiniflure." Bnivn. 
 
 To Ml'NISH, V. A. fa rontraffion from 
 dimW,]p\ to Jeflai in fiic ar number ; to lop 
 or impair. 
 
 MI'NI-
 
 M I N 
 
 MI'NISTER, S. [Lat. Mmjlrey Fr ] any 
 ftxion employed as an agent, or to do and 
 tranfaifl affairs for another ; one employed by 
 a fovereign in the adminiftration of public 
 affairs ; an inftrument or means applied to 
 accomplifh any end ; a perfon who performs 
 the public fervice in divine woi fliip j an agent 
 from a foreign power, who has not the dig- 
 nity and credentials of an ambaflador. 
 
 To MTNISTER, V. A. to ferve or at- 
 tend on God; the public, or a private perfon. 
 Ml'NISTERY, S. [now ccntraifled into 
 tlirce fyllables, as nunijlry ; from m'wijiaium, 
 Lat.] office ; fervice j the difcharge of any 
 office or performance of the orders and em- 
 ployment of another. " With minijicries due 
 *' and folemn rites." Far. lofl. It is ufed by 
 this author as a word of four fyllables. 
 
 Ml'NISlF AL. Adj. belonging to a dele- 
 gate ; one employed by another, or a clergy- 
 man. 
 
 MI'NISTRANT, Adj. [mmjlram, Lat.] 
 attending upon ; afting as fubordinate, de- 
 pendent, or at command. 
 
 MINISTRATION, S, [mlnifiratus, Lat.] 
 the office of a perfon commillioned by, or 
 acting at the command of another ; atten- 
 dance ; intervention j fervice j office; the 
 employ ot a clergyman. 
 
 MI'NISTRY, S. [contraded from minl- 
 ficry] office; fervice; agency; bufmefs ; 
 pcrfons employed in ftate affairs. 
 
 MI'NIUM, S, [Lat.] lead calcined in a 
 
 reverbaratory furnace till it is of a red colour. 
 
 MI'NNOCK, S. [perhaps from nugnon, 
 
 Fr.] a favourite, darling, or perfon who is 
 
 the objcdl or one's affections. 
 
 MiN'NOW, S. {mcnuc, fr.] a fmnll frefh 
 water fifh, of a dappled or waved colour on 
 its fides, inclining to a greenifh or /ky-coiour: 
 its belly is white, and its back blackilli. 
 
 MI'NOR, Adj. [the comparative of^^^r- 
 rviii, Lat. J petty or inconfiderable ; lefs ; 
 fmaller. 
 
 IMl'NOR, S. one not arrived at full age ; 
 lOne under age; one younger than another, 
 when ufed comparatively. In Logic the kail 
 term in a propofition, or the fecond propor- 
 tion in a regular fyljogifm. 
 
 To MI'NORATE, V. A. \mmor, Lat.] to 
 leden or diminifh. " Diflance minoratcs the 
 ^' ohjeft." ClarTU. 
 
 MINO'RITY, S. [mrorlic Fr.] the ftate 
 of a perfon vviio is under age, or not arrived 
 to years of dlfcretion and miturity; tlie flate 
 of being kfs j the fmaller number oppofed to 
 ma^or'uy. 
 
 Mr'NOTURE, S. \;-.irotiire, Fr.] a mon- 
 ger fuppofed to^e half man and half bcalt, 
 as difcribed by the ancients. 
 
 Ml'NSTER, S. Iminiftri, m'lnjier, mhjire, 
 Sax,] a inonaftery ; a cathedral church. 
 
 Ml'NS TREL, S. [mc12cf.nl. Span.] a mu- 
 fician j one that plays upon mulical inllru- 
 n^ents. 
 
 M I R 
 
 MI'NSTRELSY, S. inftrumental miific^; 
 a band or number of perfons playing on mu- 
 fical indruments. " The mwjlrdjy of hea- 
 ven." Milt. 
 
 MINT, S. \imnta, minte, Sax.] a plant ; a 
 place where money is coined j from niy7iet. 
 Sax. mint, Dan, 
 
 To MINT, V. A. [See the noun] to coin 
 or ftamp money. Figuratively, to invent or 
 fcrge. 
 
 MI'NTAGE, S. that whkh is coined or 
 ftamped : the duty paid for coining. 
 
 MFNTER, S. a coiner, or ftampcr of 
 money. 
 
 MI'NTMAN, S. a perfon fkilled or em- 
 ployed in coinage. 
 
 MI'NTMASTER, S. a perfon who has 
 the management and care of the coinage. 
 Figuratively, one who invents. " The great 
 " mivt-majicrs of thefe terms." Locke. 
 
 MI'NUET, S. [?r.em.:et, Fr.] a (lately re- 
 gular dance, performed generally by two pcr- 
 fons, confiding of a fink, boree, and two 
 (trait Reps : the figure refembles a capital Z. 
 
 MFNUM, S. [mhws, Lat.] in Mufic, a 
 note of flow time, two ef w hich make a fe- 
 rai-brief. 
 
 MINU'TE, Adj. [nnnulus, Lat.] fm,ill, 
 either in bulk orconfc4iience ; little ; flender. 
 
 MI'NUTE, S. [diftinguiffied from the ad- 
 jective, by being accented on the fird fj'lla- 
 blej the fixtieth part of an hour. Figura- 
 tively, a very Ihort time; the firlt draught of 
 any agreement in writing^; the heads or ef- 
 fe(fl of a perfon's difcourfe taken in writing. 
 
 To MI'NUTE, V. A. [minuter, Fr.] to 
 fet down in fliort hints. 
 
 Ml'NUTE-BOOK, S. a book of fliort 
 hints or memoranda. 
 
 MINU'TELY, Adv. with great exaanefs; 
 without omiffion of the leaf! circumfl.ince. 
 
 MINUTENESS, S. exceffive fmallnds ; 
 extreme accuracy or circumdaniialnefs j in- 
 confiderablenefs. 
 
 MI'NUTE- WATCH, S. a watch whofc 
 index revolves in a minute, and thereby mca- 
 fures that interval moredidinftly than a com- 
 mon one. 
 
 MINX, S. a young, pert, wanton, or af- 
 fcaed girl. 
 
 MI'RACLE, S. [Fr. wiraculum, Lat.] a 
 fcnfible etfert, either in itklf or its circum- 
 flancesfupernatural; or that which is, in fomc 
 refpetft or other, befidc or contrary to the fi.\ed 
 Itiws of nature, and courfe of common pro- 
 vidence, which not being to be accounted for 
 in a natural way, mud be afcribed to the oc- 
 calional interpoiition of God himfelf, or of 
 Ionic invifiblc, intelligent agent. The mi- 
 racles afcribed to Chrid and his apodlcs re- 
 commend themfelvcs to our notice, as being 
 wrought by pcrfons who folemnly appealed to 
 God, and declared they would perform them. 
 — They were wrought in a public manner — ■ 
 before enemies and unbelievers ; who neitlicr 
 
 wanted
 
 M I S 
 
 M I S 
 
 vanteJ power r.or inclination to dcieifl t!iem,'s pirfcn's mrjiiingj tounJeifianJa thing in a 
 jt impolburos. \vron<4 fenfc 
 
 MlRATLI.pUSLY, AJv. in a manner! MisAI'PREHE'MSION, S. a miAake. 
 beyond tlic known powers or laws of nature, To MISBKCO'MfJ, V. A. [pretcr rnific- 
 .fUki tile cmirie of common pioviJcnce. Icawc] to he inconfii'tent with a perfon's cha- 
 
 MIRA'CULOUSNESS, S. tlie qwality I laac-r ; t.» dirgrace i to be unfuitabie. 
 ^liich determines an erfecf to be lH:yond the | M ISRHGO'TTEN, Adj. uiilawfuny or 
 
 iir'.^ularly bej;otten. 
 
 j'n M^BKHA'Vt, V. N. to aft ill, or in- 
 coiiliUant with a perfon's charadtci. 
 
 MISRKHA'VF.D, Adj ill bred ; uncivil. 
 MISBF.HAVIOUR, S. want of decency 
 the quality of bein;; to others ; ill conduO ; want of civility or 
 j hreedinp. 
 
 laws or powers of nature 
 
 MIRK, Sk [uy^c-ycr, Bclg.] miiJ ; dirt 
 moillened with rain or water. 
 
 To MIRR, V. A. to ^jub with miiJ ; to 
 T^helnr in the mud. 
 
 MIRINESS, S. 
 muddy. 
 
 MIRROIR, Ml'RROR, Ml'RROUR,; MI^BK'LIEF, S. [pronounced vilfieleef] 
 >, [Pope and other modern authors, not to an erroneous or wrong belief, 
 mention Waller among more ancient ones, 
 ipell it miricir ; Sptnier, Davis, Sbakefpeare, 
 •jkviong the ancients wrott: it trirrr^r ; and the 
 former of tlicfe great men likcwife Iptlt it 
 
 rtiriour in his Fairy ^^ff", book j.] a looking 
 olafs, or any thing which reprclcuts objeOs 
 iiy refiecflion ; a pattern or examplar, as be- 
 iiTgtbaion which the eye ought to be fixed 
 ill order to iraufcribe its perfections. 
 
 Ml'RROR-STOMK, S. a kind of tranf- 
 pare!it or rcHccling flone. 
 
 MIRTH, S. [mirigfl-f, tryrhthe, Sax. See 
 
 To MlSBKLl'EVt, V. N. to diftruft. 
 
 M ISBE Ll't V K,R , S. one that holds a falfe 
 religi<.ii>, or believes wrongly. 
 
 '1 o MliCALL, V. A. to call by a wrong 
 name, 
 
 T« MISCA'LCULATE, V. A. to be 
 wrong in a computation or reckoning j to 
 leckon wrong. 
 
 MISCA'RRIAGE, S. want of fuccefs ; ill- 
 condudt ; aborti ;n, or the acf of bringing 
 forth before due time. 
 
 To MlsCA'RRY, V. A. to fail ; to fail of 
 
 ]tuinv \ merri.-ncnt ; gaiety ; laughter ; a jelt Aiccefs in im undertaking ; to be biought to 
 
 vphifh excites l.iughter 
 
 MI'RTMFUL, Adj. full of joy, gacity. 
 cheerful ncjs and laughter. 
 
 Ml RTHLKSS. ^dj. forrowful, deprived 
 of jov 01- chserfulnefs. 
 
 bed before due time. 
 
 MISCELLA'XEOUS, Adj. [mirccHaras. 
 Lat.J mingled ; conlifting of difFrrcnt kinds. 
 
 MISCELI.A'NY, S. [iometimes accented 
 on the fccond lyllablej a book containing a 
 
 MI'RY, Adj. deep in mud ; daubed with coUcftion of ditierent pieces, Ibmetimescon 
 
 taining the works of ditlcrent authors. 
 
 To MJSCA'ST, V. A. to add up or com- 
 pute wrong. 
 
 MISCHANCE, S. ill-luck; a thing hap- 
 pening amifs, hut neither intended uoi fore- 
 
 mud ; co^nfifting of mud 
 
 MISS, [Sax. from f^rjh, Goth ] is an 
 i'lfcparable particle, and in compolition de- 
 rrotes defect, error, depravation, corrupti- 
 on, Cff. 
 
 MISACCEPTA'TTON, S the aft of ta-jfeen. 
 king any thing in a wrong fcnfe. ' MISCHIEF, S. anything done to harm or 
 
 MiSADVE'NTVRF', S, mij'a-!'^nnire, Fr.] jinjure ani>ther ; an ill-confequewcc, or vexa- 
 any adventure or event whici) falls out cor,- 1 tious afiair. 
 
 trary to a perlon's expcftdtion or intertft. In j Ml'SCHfFF- MAKER, S. one who pro- 
 JLaw. manll.iiighter. I ruotes cjuarrcls between others, and caufes 
 
 MISADVE'.N'l IRED, Adf. unfortimate. Imifchief. 
 
 MISADVI'CK, S. wrong or miftaken ad- .M ISCHE' VOL'S, Adj ffometimes nccent- 
 vice; bad conn fel. ed on tlie fecond fyJIableJ hurtful; inju- 
 
 MISAD\'1'SP1D, Adj. advikd to fomewhat ( rious ; fpittfol ; malicious, 
 that is ill, or amifs ; wrongfully rounfelled. j MlSCHl E\'(Jl SLY, Adv. malicioufly s 
 
 MISAl'MED, Adj. not jiimed or direfted j fpitcfiilly ; hurtfuUy. 
 ri^ht. 
 
 MFSA'NTHROPIST.S. [rjf/i.rr/vo/c, Fr. 
 fc.-ra; and cfr'^rTrsf (ir.J a hnerof mr^nkind ; 
 one who Ilics the focicty of mankind froni a 
 principle of difcontf nt. 
 
 MISA'NTHROPY, S. the :•/! of hating 
 cr avoiding the focicty o^ mankind. 
 
 MISAPJ'l.lC.A'TlOV, S. an improper ap- 
 plication ; the i^ of applying a thing to a 
 u rong ufe. 
 
 To MISAPPLY, V, A. to apply impro- 
 r^rly. or to u rong purpofts 
 
 i o MIS.-^.i'iREilL'ND, V. A. to niift-kr t wrong idea uf 
 
 MfSCHIEVOUSNESS, S. the qua'ity of 
 delighting in doing harm and injmy to others.' 
 
 Ml'SlBLE, Adj. [from wifreo, Lat. to 
 mix ! capable of being mixed. 
 
 M ISCITA'TION, S. a u rong quotation. 
 
 'I o MISCI''J'E, V. A. to quote the words 
 of an author v.rotig. 
 
 MISCLA'IM, S. an erroneous or niftakcn 
 cl.tim. 
 
 KilSCO.MPUTATION, S. a falfc reck- 
 oning. 
 
 To MISCONCIE'VE, V. A. to have a 
 
 J 
 
 MIS CON-
 
 M I S 
 
 M I S 
 
 falfe idea or 
 
 MISCONCE'PTION, S 
 notion. 
 
 MISCO'NDUCT, S. ill-behaviour; bad 
 management. 
 
 MISCONJE'CTURE, S. a vvrorg guels. 
 
 MISCONSIRU'CTION, S.the :i(ft of al'- 
 cribing a wrong fenfe to words or a<ftions. 
 
 To MiSCO'NSTRLE, V. A. to interpret 
 
 wrong. 
 
 To MISCOUNSEL, 
 
 V. A. to advifc 
 V. A. \_nu-coritcr, Fr.] 
 
 wrong 
 
 To MISCOUN 
 to reckon wrong. 
 
 MISCREANCE, or MISCREANCY, S. 
 
 [mifcrea^Ct, or tnifaoiartce, Fr.] adlurenci; to a 
 talle religion ; falfe faith. " Hercfy, m'ljac- 
 <' amy.'' Ayiiffe. 
 
 Ml'SCREANT, S. f?^'?/ <;.:«/•, Fr.] in its 
 primary fenfc, one ihat holds a fallc faith, or 
 believes in falfe gods. Secondaiily, a vile and 
 wicked wretch. 
 
 MISDE'ED, S. a vile a<ftion. 
 To MISDEME'AN, V. A. to behave ill 
 MISDEMBl'^^NOR, or MISDEMPL'AN- 
 OUR, S. a llightoticnce ; Ibmcihing lefs than 
 a Clime. 
 
 To MISDO', V. A. [prcter, / haw mij- 
 ifsnr] to do wrung, or commit a crime, " For 
 *' what I have mijdone." Milt. Neutcrly, to 
 commit faults. 
 
 MISDO'ER, S. an offender ; one guilty of 
 faults. 
 
 To MTLDO'UBT, V. A. to fufpea of de- 
 ceit or danger. 
 
 MISDO'U'BT, S. fufpicion of crime or 
 danger; irrefulution. 
 
 To MISEMPLO'Y, V. A. to 
 wrong ufe. 
 
 MISEMPLO'YMENT, S. the afl of ap- 
 idying to an improper ufe. 
 
 Ml'SER. S. [Lat.] formerly ufed for a 
 pcrfon in wretchednef'; or calamity ; or for a 
 bafc and mean perfon : but at prefent to oiie 
 who, though polleflcd of riches, endures all 
 the hardfhips of indigence, either to increafe 
 or avoid fpcnding them. 
 
 Ml'SERABLE, Adj. [Fr. from mlfirabi- 
 /i«, Lat.J Uiihappy ; calamitous, or wretch- 
 ed; very bad ; ftingy ; or faving to exccfs. 
 
 M I'SERABLEN ESS, S. the quality which 
 denominates a perfon wretched, cr an objedt 
 of pity ; excetlive parfimony. 
 
 MI'SEKABJ.Y, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to become an objc^ of conipadlon ; tltl- 
 perately; (liockingly. " Mifer,i/,/y (tabbed 
 to death." Soi'th. vV'rctchcdly ; nicinly; 
 covctoujly, or like a mifcr. 
 
 MI'SERY, S,.[mlfir/,Yr. m'lfna, Lat. J 
 fuch adateof wretchednefs, unh..ppinefs, or 
 calamity, as renders a pci.'bn an object of 
 companion. 
 
 To MlS'tASHION,V. A to form wrong. 
 JMISFO'RTUNF., S. w.int i.f iiiccefs ; ca- 
 lamity ; ill-lnck, or povc-rtr, not happening 
 by a prrfoii s own fault. 
 
 To MISGIVE, V. A. to fiifpeft ; to pre- 
 
 fage fomeihing ill ; to furpe<St fomcthina amils. 
 
 "To MISGO'VERN, V. A. to rivesn iil. 
 
 MISGO'VKRNED, Adj. under no rc- 
 
 ftraint ; rude ; ill-bred, " Rude mij^o'vcrnd 
 
 " hands." .S/.jk. 
 
 MISCiO'VERNMENT, S. ill adminiftra- 
 tim of affairs; ill management; irregularity; 
 or immodefl behaviour, 
 
 MISGUl'DANCE, S. a falfe direaion. 
 To MISGUl'DE, V. A. to direft wrong. 
 MISHA'P, S, any evil that happens uncK- 
 peftedly. 
 
 Ml'SHMASH, S,[from nifdin,^ Belg.] a 
 hodge-podge, or confufedjumble of things;a 
 low word. 
 
 To MISINFE'R, V, A. to draw a wrong 
 inference. 
 
 ToMISINFO'RM, V. A. to deceive by 
 falfe accounts.' 
 
 MISINFORMA'TIOiSr, S. a falfe intelli- 
 gence, or account. 
 
 To MISINTF'RPRET, V. A. to explain 
 in a wrong fenfe. 
 
 AIISINTE'RPRETATION, S. expliin- 
 ing in a bad fenfe. 
 
 To MISJOI'N, V. A. to join in animpio- 
 per manner. 
 
 To MISJU'DGF, V. A. to form falfe opi- 
 nions. 
 
 To MISL'AY, V. A. to lay in a wrong 
 place ; to put away, fo as not to be able to 
 find agiin. 
 
 MISLA'YKR, S. one who puts a thing in 
 a wrong phice. 
 
 To MISLE'AD, V. A. [prefer and part, 
 pply to a I pafi! }?iijlcd\ to guide in a wrong wi.y ; to be- 
 tray to niifchict or miilake, under a pretence 
 of guiding. 
 
 MISLE'ADER, S. one that feduces or lead.? 
 to ill. 
 
 To MISM'ANAGE, V. A. to condud or 
 manage wrongly. 
 
 MISMA'NAGEMENT, S. defeaofcon- 
 du(ff or behaviour. 
 
 To MI.SMA'RK, V. A. to mark or diftin- 
 guifli wr(-ng. 
 
 To MISMA'TCH, V. A. to mirtake in 
 matching. 
 
 To MISNAME, V. A. to call by a wrong 
 name. 
 
 MISN0'MJ.:R, S. [Fr.] in Law, the mif- 
 t.nkin'^ a ma**s name, or the uling of one 
 n'.mc for another, which is the caufc of 
 abatements of writs. 
 
 To MISOBSK'RVF, V. A. to make a 
 wrong rema'k. 
 
 MISOGA'MLST, S. ^jxia-oc and >a,'.*a;, 
 Gr ] one ih.it hates marriage. 
 
 MISOGYNY, S. [ from /wiTTof and -^v.n, 
 Gr. ) the a(ff of lining women kind. 
 
 To MISO'RDEK, V. A. to conJuf^ or 
 manage ill. 
 
 1 To MISPPLL, V. A. [prcter and part. 
 I paiT. r/i/jti/V. Tills wori and its derivatives 
 1 niJi:ld,
 
 M I S 
 
 fhouIJ, according to analogy, be writtCM ntlf- 
 peU\ to fpeil wrong. 
 
 To MlSPi-:'ND, V. A. [preter and part. 
 pa0. tnili^cnt. This word Ihould, according 
 to its analogy, be written mif-fend] to fpend 
 ill, wafle, con fume to no purpofe, or throw 
 away. To wafle or decay, ufed with the 
 reciprocal pronoun. " MiJ'pends itfilf.'' 
 Phi/ifs. 
 
 MISPE'NDER, S.- one who applies to a 
 wrong purpofe. 
 
 MISPERSU'ASION, S. a wrong notion 
 or fah'e opinion. 
 
 To MISPLACE, V, A. to put in a wrong 
 place. 
 
 To MISPOINT, V. A. fin pronouncing 
 ihe is dropped, and i pronounced long 
 like that in /'«?] to fet the wrong point or 
 flop after a fentence. 
 
 To MISPRI'ZE, V. A. fometimes it figni- 
 fies to miftake, from mifprcndere, Fr. and 
 fometimes to undervalue, llight, or difdain, 
 from mcpy'ifer, Fr. 
 
 MlSPRi'SION, S. fcorn, flight, or con- 
 tempt. ",Of thy mifpnf.cn, mufl perforce en- 
 *' fue — fome true love turned." i)hak. In 
 Common Law, a negleifl or overfight : thus, 
 where a perfon is privy to a treafon or felony, 
 and negle(!ls the revealing of it, but entirely 
 conceals the fame, it is called mijprifion of 
 thofe crimes. This word is likewife extended 
 to any contempt of the king's perogative, ei- 
 ther byretufing to aflill him, or by writing 
 againfl his perfon or government, fij'f. 
 
 To MISPROPO'RTION, V. A. to join 
 in an unfuitable proportion. 
 
 To MISQUO'TE, V. A. to cite an au- 
 thor's words wrong. 
 
 To MISRECl'TE, V. A. to quote or re- 
 cite wrong. 
 
 To MISREPO'RT, V. A. to give a falfe 
 account of: to give an account which is both 
 difadvantageoiis and falfe. 
 
 MISREPO'RT, S. a falfe account ; a falfe 
 and malicious leprcfentation. 
 
 To MISREPRESENT, V. A. to repre- 
 fcnt to difadvantage ; to rcprefent falfely. 
 
 MISREPRESENTA'llON, S. the afl 
 of wilfully rcprefenting a thing otherwife 
 than it is. 
 
 MISRU'LE, S. tumult ; confufion. 
 
 MISS, S. [contracted from mij}refs] a term 
 of compliment ufed in adJrefling ay )ung and 
 unmarried lady. Figuratively, a proftitiue. 
 " Six miJJ'is had, befides his lawful wife." 
 Dryd. 
 
 To MISS, V. A. [preter r;^?rf, particip. 
 patr. ttiiji] to midake ; to fail hitting a mark; 
 to fail of obtaining ; to difcover fomething 
 unexpc^edly wanting ; to omit ; to perceive 
 the want of. Neuterly, to fly wide from, not 
 to hit a mark ; to prove unfuccefsful; to fail 
 or miflake ; to be loll or wanting. 
 
 MISS, S. lofs ; want; failure; miflake, 
 or error. 
 
 M I S 
 
 MI'SSAL. S. [i>!ifile, Lat. r>;i/j;i, Fr. mrf- 
 fa, Goth. ] the mafs book. 
 
 To MI'.SHAPE, V. A. [part, m/hefed, or 
 mi/?.<ape>j'\ to fhape or form ill; to deform, 
 
 Ml'SSILE, Adj. [mij/ilis, Lat. from n:lfust 
 Lat. ' thrown by the hand or from an engine. 
 Striking at a diilance, applied to weapons. 
 
 MI'S'SION, S. [mj/fo, Lat.] comniiffion; 
 the f! ate ofa perfon employed by another; per- 
 fons fent on any account : ufually applied to 
 thofe that are fent to propagate the gofpcl in 
 foreign parts. Difmiflion or difcharge. " Dc- 
 " manded a tr.ijfion or difcharge." 
 
 MI'SSIONARY, or Mi'SSIONER, 5. 
 [niijftof.aire, Fr.] one fent to propagate reli- 
 gion in foreign parts. 
 
 M I'SS] VE, Adj. fuch as may be fent ; fuch 
 as are flung at a diflance by the hand, or from 
 an engine, applied to weapons. " The mijjl've 
 " weapons fly." Dryd. 
 
 To MISPE'AK, V. A. [preter mlfpoke, 
 part. nA'pokcn | to fpeak wrong er amlfs. 
 
 MIST, S. [Sax. and Belg.] a meteor, con- 
 fifling of a low thin cloud, or fmall rain, 
 whofe drops are not to be diftinguilhed. Figu- 
 ratively, any thing that darkens, or obfures, 
 applied to the underflanding. 
 
 To MIST, V. A. to cloud; to cover with 
 a ffem or moid vapour. 
 
 MIST, part, of mifs. 
 
 To MISTAKE, V. A. to conceive a wrong 
 idea of; to take a thing for that which it is 
 not, or to take one thing for another. Neu- 
 terly, to err ; to form a falfe judgment or idea, 
 
 MISTA'KE, S. the aft of forming a wrong 
 idea ; or taking a thing for what it is not. 
 
 MISTA^KEABLE, Adj. liable to be mif- 
 taken. 
 
 To be MISTA'KEN, V. N. to form a 
 wrong opinion or judgment. 
 
 MISTA'KINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to form a wrong judgment, opinion, 
 or idea. 
 
 To MISTA'KE, V. A. to flate wrong; to 
 reprefent in a falfe light. 
 
 To MI'STELL; V. A. to relate falfely o« 
 purpofe ; to reckon wrong. 
 
 To MISTE'RM, \ . a. to call by a wrong 
 name. 
 
 MI'STERY, S. [mejikr, Fr.] in Law, an 
 art, trade, or occupation. This word is ge- 
 nerally, but improperly, written nyflay. 
 
 To MISTI'ME, V. A. to do unfeafbnably, 
 or at an improper time. 
 
 MIS'TINESS, S. clondinefs; the ftate of 
 being overcift, and applied to the fky. 
 
 MI'STION, S. [from iK.f.us, Lat.] the 
 ftate of being mixed. 
 
 MI'ST LIKE, Adj. refembling a mift ; 
 like a mift. 
 
 MISTO'LD, part, pafi: from MiJIdl. 
 
 MI'STOOK, part. pad. of Mipke. 
 
 Ml'STRESS, S. [nai:rc£i, formerly writ- 
 ten iva'.f.rejle, Fr.] a woman who manages a 
 houfe, asd keeps fervants; a womaa ikilled 
 
 i
 
 M I T 
 
 in any thing ; a woman teacher ; a woman 
 who is the object of aperfon'slove, in a j^ood 
 fenfe. A proftitute j uled as an addrefs ot 
 contempt. 
 
 MISTRU'ST, S. fufpicion ; want of con- 
 fidence. 
 
 To MISTRU'ST, V. A. to fufpcrt ; to 
 -doubt. 
 
 MISTRU'STFUL, Adj. fufpiciousj diffi- 
 dent. 
 
 MISTRU'STFULNE'^S, S. the quality of 
 fulpeding the fidelity of another. 
 
 MISTRU'STFULLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as betrays fufpicion. 
 
 MISTRU'STLESS, Adj. free from fufpi- 
 cion ; confident. 
 
 MISTY, Adj. cloudy ; overcaft, applied 
 to the Iky ; obfcure; dark. 
 
 ToMlSUNDERST'AND, V. A. [prefer 
 and participle mijuvdsrjieod] to take any per- 
 fon's meaning wrong ; to miffake. 
 
 MISUNDERSTANDING, S. a diffcr- 
 eikce, or difagrement, implying that the par- 
 ties do not underdand each other ; an error; 
 a falfe judgement or conception of the mean- 
 ing of words or fentences. 
 
 MISU'SAGE, S. [from rr.lfufe] abufe, or 
 bad treatment. 
 
 To MISU'SE, V. A. [mefufer, Fr.] to treat 
 or ufe in an improper manner ; to abufe. 
 
 MISU'SE, S. [in the verb it is pronounced 
 like niifiize, but in the fubllantive like mifuce] 
 a bad ufe or treatment. 
 
 MI'SY, S. a very beauteous mineral, of a 
 fine bright yellow, and of a loofe and friable 
 texture, much refembling golden marcafites, 
 
 MITE, S. [Fr. and Sax, mike, Relg.j a 
 very fmall infccft which breeds in cheefe. In 
 weights, the twentieth part of a grain. In 
 money, the third part of a farthing : Pro- 
 verbially, any thing very fmall ; a very fmall 
 particle or atom ; from mite, Fr. miice, Belg 
 
 MIT'ELLIA, S. a plant. 
 
 MI'THRIDATE, S. [Fr ]a kind of elec- 
 tuary ; one of the capital medicines of the 
 (hops, confifHng of a great number of ingre- 
 dients, and receiving its name from Mithri- 
 dates king of I'ontuf, its inventor. 
 
 MI' TIGANT, part, [mitigans, Lat.] leni- 
 ent ; or lenitive. 
 
 To MI'TIGATE, V. A. [mitigatus, of 
 tnitigc, Lat. | to abate or lefTen, applied to ri- 
 gour or fe verity. To foften, lefltn or m-jke 
 lefs, applied to pain. To afluage or calm, 
 applied to the heat and turbulence of facf^ions. 
 MITIGATION, S. the art of lellcning 
 any punilhment, feveriry, or pain. 
 
 MITR'E, S. [mitre, Fr. |W.Tja, Gr.]a round 
 cap, pointed and cleft a-top, with two pendants 
 hunting down on the (lioulders, worn on the 
 head by bilhops and abbots on iblemn occafi- 
 ons, and in heraldry, borne as a creft l)y a 
 bifhop ar.d archbithup. Among workmen a 
 kind of joining two boards tocietber. 
 
 MI'TTENS, 3. [mitaine, f r.J slovcs that 
 
 M O C 
 
 cover the arms, but not the fingers. 
 
 Ml' TT EN T, part. [miticKs, Lat.] feeding 
 forth or emitting. 
 
 MI'TTIMUS, S. [Lat. we fend] in Law, 
 a writ for transftrrina records from onecourt,' 
 to another. Likewife a writ under the hand 
 and feal of a juftice of the peace, direfted to- 
 the goaler or keeper of a prifon, for receiving 
 and fafe keeping an offender, till he be deli- 
 vered by due conrfe of law. 
 
 To MIX, V. A. [mixfus, Lat. n-.ijfcheriy 
 Belg. J to uniie different bodies into one mafsj 
 to co*npofc of different things. 
 
 MI'XTION, S [Fr.] mixture; confufion ; 
 or uniting one body with another. 
 
 MI'Xl LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as to 
 join and unite different things together. 
 
 MI'XTURE, S. [mixtu>a,\l\..^ the aft 
 of joining or adding different things together^ 
 the ftate of different things united or added 
 together ; a mafs or liquor formed by uniting 
 different ingredients ; any thing added or 
 mixed. 
 
 MI'ZZEN, S. \meafane, Belg. mijaiv.e, Fr.] 
 a maft in the ftern or back part of a (hip. 
 
 To MI'ZZLE, V, A. [from m,ft\ to rain 
 in fmall drops, like a thick mift. 
 
 MNEMO'NICS, S. [juvfju.wx.,. Or.] the 
 art of memory. 
 
 To MOAN, V. A. [pronounced mone ; 
 from wignan, Sax.j to fhew forrow by the 
 looks, a mournful tone of voice, and difmal 
 complaints. 
 
 MOAN, S. lamentation ; forrow exprelTed 
 by words and aiftions. 
 
 MOAT, S. [pronounced m«te; fri^immofte, 
 Fr.] a canal or coUecfVion of water which runs 
 in a ditch or channel round a building. 
 
 To MOAT, V. A. [moiter,Fr.] to fur- 
 round any building with a canal or water. 
 
 MOB, S. [contradled from mcii/e, Fr.] the 
 croud ; the vulgur 5 a tumultuous rout or 
 multitude. In drcfs, a woman's cap, which 
 pins ©r tics under the chin, and is generally 
 worn to fleep in. 
 
 To MOB, V. A. to harrafs or overbear by 
 a mob or tumult. 
 
 MO'BILE, S. I Fr.] the populace or vul- 
 gar ; a tumultuous aflcmbiy of the common 
 and lower order of people. 
 
 MOBILITY, S. [mcbiUtf, Fr nxbilii^Sy 
 Lat] (he powerof being moved. Figuratively, 
 quicknefs of motion. Aiflivcly, in a low lan- 
 guage, the vislgiir or populace. Ficklenefs or 
 inconllancy, applied to the mind. 
 
 MO'CHA. STONE, S. [from Mocka the 
 place whence it is brought] a (lone fomewh it 
 of the ,-igate kind, of a clear horny grey, with 
 delineations or figures rcprelenting moiTcs, 
 (liruh.s, and branches, in black, brown and 
 red, in the fubfhnce of the flone, which is 
 valued in proportion to the perfection of the 
 figures. 
 
 ] o MOCK, V. A. [p'occio, Erit, mcquer, 
 Fr, J to deride, feoff, or laugh at ; to octet ; 
 
 to
 
 MOD 
 
 M O D 
 
 t") eluJe ; to difappoint a perfon's expectati- 
 ons ; to beguile or delude with words '' Hj- 
 *♦ therto h.ill thou mccicJ me and told me 
 "lies." Judges av'i. 13, 15. Neuterly, to 
 fcotf or jelt at. , 
 
 MOCK, S. ridicule ; a fneer j an a(fl of 
 contempt , an obje^ft of ridicule ; a contemp- 
 tuous imitation or mimicry of u perlbn's ac- 
 tions or manner. 
 
 MOCK, Adj. counterfeit ; falfe j not real 
 or genuine. 
 
 MO'CKABLK, Adj. fubjea to be made 
 the objedt of ridicule, or to be cxpofed tg de- 
 rifion. 
 
 MO'CKRR, S. one that ridicules, or con- 
 tcmptuoully mimics the a^ion of another; a| 
 deceiver; an impoUor. 
 
 MO'CKERY, S. deridon ; fcorn ; ridi- ] 
 cule ; contemptuous mimicry of a peifon's 
 actions or words ; fport ; a vain ihew or coun- 
 tcrfeit appearance ; difappointment. 
 
 MO'CKINGLY, Adv. with infult, ridi- 
 cule, or a contemptuous mimicry of a per- 
 fon's aiflions. 
 
 MO'CKING-STOCK. S, the fubjert of 
 dtrifion, or obje(^l of ridicule. 
 
 MO'DAL, Adj. [moJalc, Fr. mcdalis, Lat-] 
 relating to the form only, oppofcd to efTence. 
 MODA'LITY, an accidental difference ; 
 the quality of an accident. 
 
 MODE, S. \mcdo, Fr. modus, Lat.] form. 
 In Logic, that which cannot fubfift in, and 
 of itfelf, but is always eltecmed as beloni^ing 
 to, and fubfiding by, the help of fome lub- 
 llancc, which, for that reafon, is called its 
 fubjed^t. Gradation or degree. " What 
 *' >>;5i^t'j of light." Manner or method J ftate 
 or appearance ; fafhion or cullom. 
 
 MO'DEL, S. [mwV/c, Fr. modulus, hit.] 
 a reprefentation in miniature of fome build- 
 ing, (jfi. a copy to be imitated ; a mould ; a 
 ftandard by which any thing is mcafured. 
 
 To MO'DEL, V. A. [mcd./er, Fr. J to plan; 
 to fliape ; to form, mould, or delineate 
 
 MO'DELLER,S. one that plans, fchemes, 
 or contrives. 
 
 MO'DERATE, Adj. [modcratus, Lat, mo- 
 derc, Fr.J temperate, or between the two ex- 
 tremes. Not lior, applied to temper. Not 
 extravagant, applied to expence. 
 
 To MO'DERATE, V. A. [moderatus,0? 
 rrfodcrei-, Lat. J to keep within due bounds and 
 limits ; to repreff, regulate, orreftrain, 
 
 MO'DFRArEJ.Y, Adv. temperately; 
 mildly, applied to fituation or weather. In a 
 middle degree. 
 
 MO'DERATENESS, S. the quality of 
 keep iig within any two extremes. 
 
 IMOUER'ATION, S. [modcrstio,_ Lat.] 
 the flate of keeping a due mean betwixt ex- 
 t)-cmesi forbearance of extremity J calmnefs, 
 tcmpciancc or equanimity. 
 
 MdDERA'TOR, S. [LAX.medaatcurJr ] 
 a perfon xr thing wisich calms or Keeps from 
 filing into c\ccl!cs; a pcrfon v\ho piefidesat 
 
 a difputution, to reflrain the contending par- 
 ties from indecency, confine thena to the 
 point in quelHoii, and flicw the conclufive- 
 ncfs or inconclufivcnefs of tlicir arguments 
 and refponles. 
 
 MO'DERN, S. [pyJcrnc, Fr. from modtrnus, 
 low Lat] late ; not long done or exifling. 
 
 MO'DERNISM, S. any thing formed ac- 
 cording to the tafie of the prefent age, oppof- ' 
 ed to that of the ancients. A word coined by 
 dean Swift. 
 
 MO'DERNS, S. thofe who have lived 
 lately, oppofcd to tlie ancients. 
 
 To IVIO'DERNIZE, V. A. to form any 
 thing according to the tafte of the prefent 
 age ; to trandjte or alter any thing ancient to 
 the prefent talfc. 
 
 MO'DERNNESS, S. the quality of being 
 lately made or received ; a novelty. 
 
 MO'DEST, Adj. \n:cdcj}e, Fr. rnodejius, 
 Lat.] humble in opinion of one's own ex- 
 cellencies, and free from boafling ; referved 
 or backward in doing any thing for fear of 
 incurring cenfure; chafte ; free from, and 
 avoiding every appearance of vice without 
 being carried to excefs ; moderate. " By a 
 " vwdcj^ converfation " Addij. 
 
 MO'DESTLY, Adv. in an humble,chafte, 
 referved, and moderate manner ; without ex- 
 cefs, forwardnefs, boafling, or impudence. 
 
 MO'DESTY, S. a vinue which includes 
 an humSle opinion of one's own abilities, an 
 utter abhorrance of the leall appearance of 
 vice, and a fear oi doing any thing which ci- 
 ther hjs or may incur cenfure. 
 
 MO'DESTY-FIECE, S. a narrow Lcc or 
 border, which runs along tlie upper part of the 
 (tays before, and is part of a woman's tucker. 
 
 MO'DICUM, S. a fmall portion or pittance. 
 
 MODIFI'ABLE, Adj. [from w!</i/3'] ca- 
 pable of receiving a difference with refpeft to 
 its modes or accidents. 
 
 MODI'FICABLE, Adj. Sec Mcdcfahle. 
 
 MODIFICATION, S. [Fr.] the aft cf 
 giving a thing new accidental differences of 
 form or mode ; that which gives a thing any 
 particular manner of being. 
 
 To MO'DIFY, V. A. [r,:ed-:fier, Fr.] to 
 change the form, accidents, or qualities of a 
 thing. 
 
 MODl'LLON, S. [Fr. mcdldus, Lat.] in 
 Architcifture, an ornament in the ctnnice of 
 an Ionic, Corinthian, and Compofite co- 
 lumns, confining of little inverted confoles or 
 brackets in form of i.n ^V, fecming to fupf ort 
 the pri)je<f>ure of the larmier. 
 
 ^lO'DlSH, Adj. agreeable to the falhlon 
 or reit'.ning cultom. 
 
 MO'DISllLY, Adv. ftifiiionably. 
 
 MO'DISHNESS, S. a llrift obfcrvance of 
 the fafhion. 
 
 To MO'DULATE, V. A. [mcduktur, 
 Lat. J in Mufic, to change the key, and to 
 return to it again, without giving offence to 
 the c.'.r. 
 
 MODI'-
 
 M O L 
 
 MODULA'TION, S. [Fr.J in Mufic, the 
 ii<fl or keepiiijj in, and on occitioii cliaiiging 
 the key, and returning to it again, without 
 gviug offjjicc to the cir ; the rcguliir pro 
 gi^fllon ot thu feveral parts through rhc founds 
 thdt arein the harmony of Jiiy particular key, 
 as well as the proceeding naturally t'rom one 
 key to theotlier; found modulated. 
 
 MODJi^ATOR, S, one that forms founds 
 to a certain key. 
 
 MO'DULE, S. \;noihilus, Lat.] a model ; 
 an empty reprefcntation, or mere Ihadow, In 
 Architeiiture, a certain meiiurCj taken at 
 pleafure, l\,r regulating the pro,iorrion of co- 
 l.UTius, and the fymmcuy or dilhilution of 
 the wliole IniilJin^. 
 
 MO'IJDS, S. I Lat.] in Law, the giving 
 inoney or land to a miiiilter, inijcad of his 
 tythes in kind. 
 
 MO'HAIR, S. \_mohere, mo'ue, Fr. mojjccr, 
 Arab, a cair,el] tluead or fluff made of ca- 
 mels or other hair. 
 
 M01'!)0:IE, S. [jroedc. Port.] a Portugal 
 goild coin, valued at 27 liiiliings lie. ling. 
 
 Mul'ETY, S. [moitie, Fr. from moieu, 
 Fr. half] one of two c^aal parUj a part or 
 portion. 
 
 To MOIL, V. A. [m-j!/JL'e>, Fr.1 to dawb 
 with dirt; to fatigue or weary. Neutcrly^ to 
 labour in the mire; to toil, drudge, or labour 
 very hard. 
 
 MOlbT, Adj. [mcijle, tr.dtf, Fr.] wet in 
 a fmall degree, io us nor to lie liquid ; juicy. 
 
 To MOIST, or MGI'SfEN, V. A. to 
 make wet in a fmal! degree. 
 
 MOl'STENKR, S. the perfon or thing 
 which moiftcns o.- makes wet in a very Iniall 
 degree. 
 
 MOI'.STNESS, S. the quality of being 
 yjei in a fmall deJiee. 
 
 M O N 
 
 MO'f.LIABLE, Ad|. .rom m/Zi/J] capa- 
 ble of being ibftcned or appfcjfed. 
 
 MOLLIFICA'TION, i. from nwUiy] 
 the ad of making foft Mitigation^ or paci- 
 fication, appH?d toangcr. 
 
 MO'LLiFii:R, S.''that which mak-; foft 
 or Calm . 
 
 To MO'LLIFY, V. A. [from moHh and 
 fio, Lat. j to make foft. To appeaie, applied 
 to anger. To leHen or moderate, uppLied to 
 any thing harlh or rigor.His. 
 
 MO'LOoSES, or MO'LASSES, S. \me- 
 /,izzq, Ital. j dicgs of fugar } tlie vefufe fyrup 
 in boiling fugar. 
 
 MO'LTEN, Part, padlvc of wf//. 
 
 P/IO'MENT, S. [Fr. momentum, Lat.] 
 confe^ucnce, importance, or weight ; foite, 
 or ading power j aa indivihble particle of 
 time. 
 
 MOME'NTALLY, Adj. for a moment. 
 " Mcwi'itail^ remaining." Brciun. 
 
 , MOMF.NT.^'NEOU'S, Adj. [mnwevtavfe, 
 Fr. mom.Mui.tui, Lat.j lading O'.U a nio- 
 menr. 
 
 MO'MENT.A.R Y, Adj. done in, or lafllng 
 a moment. 
 
 MOME'NTOUSj Adj, I'mavnum, Lat.j 
 of weiiilit, coiilci;jouce, or importance.. 
 
 MONA'CllAl., Adj. \jtwnacal, Fr. wor.a- 
 ih:tlh, i^at.J moDafvic j relating to monks, 
 
 MONA'CHISM, b. \n'>nili!.u^me, Fr J the 
 (late of monks; a monaiHc liie. 
 
 MO'NAD, or MO'N.iDE, S. l;xcMtq, Gr.J 
 an ind.vifible thh:g. 
 
 JvIO'NARCH, i>. [mon.irque, Fr. f;om y.o- 
 •/;? and a.-yo; (^ r. ] a king; a governor iil- 
 velled witi) abfoiute au:lioii!y; any tiiiug (a- 
 perior to others of the faUie kind. " J he mo- 
 " na'ch oak." Dryd. 
 
 MO.Nf.VRCHAL, Adj. gcverned by a fin- 
 
 MOl'STURE, S. a fmall i^uantity of wa- | glc peifon or king ; fuitiug a king. 
 
 t«r or liquid; dampnefs 
 
 MOLE, S. \nh:l. Sax. mol, Belg.] in Phy- 
 fic, a fhapelefs concictioii of extravafatcd 
 blood, which grows into a kind ef fitih, and 
 is called a falfe con..'ep(ion ; a na.ural fpot on 
 tlie fkin, foiBCtimcs having hair grov\'ing in 
 it ; a little animal or beall, which calls up 
 the earth in hillocks, formerly thought to be 
 blind, but by modern naturalifls proved to 
 have pcrfedf eyes, and holes for them throuoh 
 the Ikin, abo .t the fize of a pin's head. A 
 mound, dyke, or port ; IVom ir:c!c, Fr. 
 
 MO'LEHILL, S. an hillock thrown up 
 by a mole in working its pallage under 
 ground. 
 
 To MOLf ST, V. A. \7n0Upr, Fr. mo- 
 Itjius, Lat.] to dillurb, trouble, or ve>:. 
 
 MOLESTATION, S. {>r.,!(pia, Lat.] 
 difturbancc ; uneafn»efs cauf-d by vexation. 
 
 MOLK'^iTER, S. one ^Uiodiituibs, 
 
 MO'LE-TRACK, S. the courfc of a mole 
 undir-ground 
 
 MO'LLIKNT, Part. [wJ-V.-m, Lat.j fof- 
 teuing or inakiu^ (wit. 
 
 MONA'ROHlCAL, Adj. [moraichiqi'e.'^'r. 
 y-oytifx^u^i;, Gr.J belonging to a finglc ruler 
 or king 
 
 MO'^i'-ARCIlY, S. [ntor.arcLie, Fr. y.jvxf- 
 ^la, Gr.] the governnieiit of ^ finglepcrfun ; 
 a kingdom. 
 
 MO'NASTERY, S, {mo.^ajlcre, Fr. vojia- 
 Jleilum, Lat] a houfe for p'erl'ons to retire to 
 on a religious account ; a c.'nvent. 
 
 MOSA'STIC, or MON A'STlcAL, Adj. 
 [r-or.nftiijue, Fr. nwr.ajium, Lat ] hclrmgini) to 
 one that retires liom tlieworld on a le.igious 
 account ; belonging to a monk. 
 
 MONA'S FINALLY, Adv. af.er.the man- 
 ner i.f a monk. ^ 
 
 MO'NDrt Y, S. [pronounced ;;;.v;;Jiy; from 
 won.ir.daeg, .Sa.x. ) the fccond day of the week, 
 fo called becaufe dedicated to Diana, or the 
 moon. 
 
 MONEY, S. [pronounced v.f.r.ry \ from 
 vrcTw^yc, Fr. pnut'ai, Ciit. from n.iv/!, Biir. 
 rKor.cia, Lat ] a piece of metal flamped wi-h 
 (omc mark or im.i£e, \^hufe \aluc is fixed by 
 public authority. 
 , Tt MO'NEY-
 
 M O N 
 
 M O N 
 
 MO'NEV-CH ANGER, S. one whojgaats. The Briftol merchants fhip off gvear 
 changes one piece of coin for more of quantities of its corn for Portugal and other 
 Icfs value, or leveral pieces for one of more i parts. Coals are fold for two-pence a horfc- 
 value. !o:;d at the pit. Their principal nianufatlure 
 
 MO'NEYED, Adj. rich in coin, oppofed is flannels. Tiie gentlemen fpeak Engiilh, 
 to wealth in lands. ] hut the current language of the people is 
 
 MONEY-SCRIVENER, S. one who | Welch. This county fends two knights of 
 raifcs money for others, and deals in convey- j the Ihirc. hefidcs one member for its capital, 
 
 Monmouth. 
 
 MO'NOCHORD, S 
 
 ancing. 
 
 MO'NEYSWORTH, Adj. fometliing 
 worth money j fomething that will bring 
 mofiey. 
 
 MO'NGER,S. [pronounced w?/«j^i?r; from 
 naaga-:-, S-iK.] a dealer or feller. After the 
 name of any commodity, it implies a peifon 
 who deals in it, or fells it ; thus Ji/omon^e'- is 
 one who fells or deals in fifii. Sometimes in- 
 deed it fignifies one converfant with, as a 
 •vihoirmongcr is one who is converfant with 
 whores. 
 
 MO'NGREL, Adj. [pronounced mntigrel ; 
 froiri menirlan. Sax.] of a mixed breed. 
 
 MONI'TION, S. fFr. tr.cnitk, Lat.J aft 
 information or hint ; indruclion or advice. 
 
 MO'NITOR, S. one who warns of faults, 
 or informs of duty 5 one who gives ufeful 
 hints. In Schools, -.ipplied to a fcholar com- 
 miflioned by the maiter to take notice of the 
 behaviour of his fchool-fellows. 
 
 MCyNITORY, Adj. [mo-ilotre, Fr. mom- 
 torius, Lat.] conveying ufeful inftrudions or 
 admoniti('n. 
 
 MO'NITORY, S. an admonition. «« The 
 *' pope writ a monitory to him." £ac. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 MONK, S. [pronounced munk ; from mo- 
 ncc, tnun.'i, Sax. monacus, Lat.J a perfon who 
 retires from the world to give himfelf 
 wholly up to devotion, and to live in abdi- 
 nence and folitude. 
 
 M0'NKP:RY, S. a monaQic life. 
 MO'NKEY, S. [ pronounced munkey ; by 
 Skinner derived from tro.i, a man, and ijn, a 
 diminutive termination. M:,na, Itai. nnmeca. 
 Span.] an ape, or animal bearing a great re- 
 femblance to a man. 
 
 MO'NKMOOD, S. the condition, ftate, 
 orprofcfliin of a .ik. 
 
 MO'NKISH, Adj. taught or profefTcd by 
 monks. 
 
 MO'MMOUTHSHIRE, a county of 
 England, but formerly apart of Wales, in the 
 dioccfe of LlandafF. It is bounded by Here- 
 fordlhire on the M. E. by the Severn, which 
 divides it from Gloucefberdiire and Sonnerfct- 
 fliire, on the S. E. and by Urccknocklhire and 
 Glamorgan Ihire on theW, The river Ufi-: runs 
 through the middle of it ; wliieh river and 
 the Wye abound with falnmn, trout, (^c. It 
 is reckoned about tvveniy-ninc miles from N. 
 to S and twenty from FC. to W, It contains 
 12- parifbes, and eight market-towns. The 
 air is healthy ; its eafl parts are woody, and 
 the weft a little mountainous, but in geneia! 
 fruitful. Its hills Iced cattle, Iheep, and 
 
 [from (Mcvof and 
 yjipir., Gr.] an iaflrument having but one 
 (tring. 
 
 MO'NOrOLON, S. [of /■^ovoc and x-Aav,. 
 Gr.] the gut, otlierv.iife called the intejlinum 
 rcSium . 
 
 MONO'CULAR. or MONO'CULOUS, 
 Adj. [i^ovtn;, Gr. and aculus, Lat.] one-eyed ; 
 having hut one eye. 
 
 MO'NODY, S. f^JiicJttt, Gr.] a poem or 
 fong fung by a fingle perfon,. and exprefllve 
 of grief, 
 
 MONOGAMIST, S. [from piw, and 
 yafxo;, Gr.] one who difallaws of fecond 
 marriages. 
 
 MO'NOGR.AM, S. [from («8v9?and yfaf*- 
 i(/a, Gr.] a cypher or character compounded 
 of leveral letters; a fentence in one line; an 
 epigram in one verfe. 
 
 MO'NOLOGUE, S. [fxno; and Xeyj, 
 Gr.] a fuliloquy. " In motiokgue," Dryd. 
 
 MONOPETALOUS, Adj. [monofetak, 
 Fr.] in Eotaay, having but one leaf, applied 
 to flowers. 
 
 MONOTOLIST, S.[inompo!<ur, Fr, from 
 ^cvocand TraXEw, Gr.] one who by engrofling, 
 or patent, has the fole power cf vending any 
 commodity. 
 
 To MONO'POLIZE,. V. A. to have the 
 fole power of making or felling any commo- 
 dity ; to arrogate to one's felf. 
 
 MONO'POLY, S. [mo>iofDle,Yr.] the cx- 
 clufive and fole privilege of makiiigand fell- 
 ing any thing. 
 
 MONO'PTOTE, S. [froraftovoc and nlu- 
 j-ij, Gr.] in Grammar, a noun having only 
 one cafe. 
 
 MO'NOSTICH, S. [^ovc^lX'^ G"^-] * 
 compofition confiding of a fingle verfe. 
 
 MONOS^LLh'BICAL, Adj. [from too- 
 ncfyHahh'] cc;:fifHng of but one fyllable. 
 
 ' MONOSY'LLABLE, S. [from ,i«)yof and 
 fft'XXaCn, Gr.] a word only of one fyllable. 
 
 MONOSY'LLABLE, Adj. confifting of 
 words of one fyibble. " Monofyllabk lines.'* 
 Fopc. 
 
 MONOTONY, S. [monctonie, Fr. from 
 /ucvo? and tovo,-, Gr.] a fiult in pronunciation, 
 wherein a long feries of words are delivered- 
 with one unvaried tone, and without any ca- 
 dence. 
 
 MO'NSTER, S. [mo;:JJre, Fr. movfirum, 
 
 Lat.J a production or biitli, whcreiu the 
 
 parts differ from the geneial figure or form of 
 
 itsfpecics; fomeching liorrible for deformity, 
 
 , wickcdnefs, or milchrcf. 
 
 ' ■ T»
 
 M O N 
 
 To MO'NSTER, V. A. to rcprefent "in 
 fo extravagant a manner, as to make appear 
 monftrous. 
 
 MON-STRCSITY, or MONSTRUO'SI- 
 TY, S, [tnotijirof.ty is moft analogous] the 
 ftate of being out of the common order of 
 nature, or differing from the common idea 
 and flandard of the fpecies, 
 
 MO'NSTROUS, rtdj. [nwnfreux, Fr. mon- 
 Jir'^fui, Lat.] deviating from the dated order 
 of nature; ftranj;e or wonderful, including 
 diflike ; irregular or enormous. " No niQu- 
 *' firous height^' Pope. Excedlve; (hocking ; 
 hateful. " The acn/^rcai fcorn." Bac. 
 
 MO'NSTROUSLY, Adv. in a manner 
 that is terrible, fhocking, prodigious, or out 
 of the common order of nature j to a great, 
 exceflive, or enormous degree. 
 
 MO'NSTROUSNESS, S. the quality 
 which renders any thing or a^ion fhocking, 
 irregular, or enormous. 
 
 MONIE'TH, S. [from the name of 
 the inventor] a veflcl in which glaiies are 
 walhed. 
 
 MONTGO'MERY, the capital of the 
 Ifeire of the fame name, in North Wales. I 
 The Welch call it Trefahuyn, or Baldwyn's| 
 town, from its founder, and Montgomery from 
 Roger of that name, earl of Shrew/tury, who 
 built its caflle. It is a large borough, with 
 fome fafhionable houfes, and governed by 
 two b.iilifTs, &c. who, with the confent of 
 Llanidlos, Llanvilling, Mackynlcth, and 
 Welchpool, return one member to parlia- 
 ment. It ftands in the diocefe of Hereford, 
 on the eafyafcent of a high rocky hill, and 
 in a heiilthy air, not far trom the Severn, 
 about 25 miles from Shrewlbury, and 158 
 from London. 
 
 MONTGO'MERYSHIRE. one of the 
 counties of North Wales. It is bounded on 
 the N. by the fiiires of Merioneth and Den- 
 bigh, on the E. by Shroplhire, on the S. by 
 Radnor and Cardigan (hires, and on the W. 
 by another part of Merioncthfhiie. It is 
 thirty miles long from E. to \V. and twenty- 
 five broad from N. to S. It contains forty- 
 fcven pariflies, fix market-towns, and near 
 34,oco iiiliabitaiits, with twenty-five rivtrs, 
 the principal of which arc the Severn, Ta- 
 nat, and Turgh. The air is (harp on its 
 mountains, but pleafant in the valleys j andi 
 is pretty fruitful, efpecially in thofe parts 
 through which the Severn directs its coinfe, 
 the mud from the inundations of which 
 ferve it for manure. Its principal commodi- 
 ties are corn, cattle, horfes, £ifh,fowl, with 
 plenty of pafture. It lies mo(Uy in the dio- 
 cefe of St. Afiph ; but Bangor and Here- 
 ford have fome Ihare in it. This county fends 
 a knight of the (hire, and a member for its 
 capital to parliament. 
 
 MONTH, S. [pronounced muntb ; from 
 iKonath, Sax. of mona. Sax. the moonj a fpace 
 of time meafurcd by the revolution of the 
 
 MOO 
 
 fun or moon, and reckoned the nth part of 
 tJic year. A lunar m-^rnh, is the ;pace between 
 two conjundions of the moon with the fun, 
 or between two moons. A folar month, tho 
 fpace of time wherein the fun revolves 
 through one entire llgn of the ecliptic. The 
 calendar months coiilKt unecjualiy of thirty and 
 thirty-one days, excepting February, which 
 in leap years has twenty-nine, but in other 
 yejrs only tweticy-ei;/;ht days. 
 
 MO'N THLY, At1j. continuing a month ; 
 performed in a month j happening every 
 month. 
 
 MO'frrHLY, Adv. once in a month. 
 MO'NUMENT, S. [Fr. mowmemum, Lat.] 
 any diing by which the memory of ptrfons 
 or ;hings is prefcrved. 
 
 MONUME'NTAL, Adj. prcferving the 
 memory cr remembrance ; belonging to a 
 tomb raifed in honour of the dead. 
 
 MOOD, S. \Kcde, Fr. modus, Lat.] in 
 Logic, the regular determination of propor- 
 tions according to their quantity or quality., 
 /. e. their univerfjl or particular affirmation 
 or negation. In Mufic, manner or (tile. In 
 Grammar, the dKferent changes a word tin. 
 de\-goes, to fignify the various intentions and 
 afii^tions of the mind. Temper of m.ind ; 
 (late of the mind as afTeifted by padion ; 
 anjer; rage; from mod. Sax. rr.ced, Eelg. 
 mod, Goth. An habitual temper of the 
 mind. 
 
 MOO'DY, Adj. angry, or out of hu- 
 mour ; mental ; intelle^ual ; belonging to 
 the mind. 
 
 MOON, S. [mona. Sax. and Ifl. niena, 
 Goth. (MSV1, Gr.J in Aftrono.my, one of the 
 heavenly bodies, a fatellite or Secondary pla- 
 net attendant on the earth, which (lie moves 
 round, as a centre, performing her revolu- 
 tion in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, in, 
 \ffhich time (he likewife moves round her 
 own axis. Figuratively, a month. In Fcrti- 
 (ication, fomething refembling a crcfaent or 
 half moon : tliis vi'ord is generally ufed iti 
 Comjjofition, either in the laft f;nfe, or for 
 fomething belonging to the moon, 
 
 MOO'N-EEAM, S, a ray of light darting 
 from the moon. 
 
 MOO'NtYED, Adj. having eyes a(raed 
 by the revolutions of the moon. Figurative- 
 ly, dimfighted ; purblind. 
 
 MOO'NLESS, Adj. not enlightened by 
 the moon. 
 
 MOO'NLIGHT, S. the Kgbt afforded by 
 the moon. 
 
 MOO'NLTGHT, Adj. enlightened by the 
 moon. " The »;oor/;_g-/;r lliade." Pope. 
 
 MOO'NSHINE, S. the light cr luftre of 
 the moon. 
 
 MOO'NSHINE, or MOO'NSHIMY, 
 Adj. [both from a corruption oi Troonfhimnjr^ 
 during the fliining of the moon ; by m»rK 
 of moonliglit, *' You mwnjhine revellers." 
 ^hak. 
 
 T t » IVIOO'N-
 
 M O R 
 
 M O R 
 
 MOO'NSTKUCK, Adj. If.natic ; afltftcd 
 with maJnefi by means ol' the moon. 
 
 MOOR. S. [t'loer, Bclj;. maickr, Teut 
 
 rarticuhrs, contained under tlie um/erfa! 
 iubjea. 
 
 iSIO'RAL, S. morality or praftici; of 
 
 , Sax. «<?'•, Fr »M/r, Lat ] a mirili, fen, the duties of life ; a clo(ftrine, tru'h, or 
 
 or iw.Ci of Ijn 1 rov red over, or made very 
 moilt with water. A nc^ro, or bl^ck. ; from 
 maurus, L.it. 
 
 To MOOR, V. A. [from moio-, Lat. 
 n.or-r, Fr. j to faOen a velTcl by anchors or 
 I thcr means. Ncuterly, to be fixed or Ita- 
 t'.onc.i. 
 
 n(lru£^ion, drawn as a corollary from 
 fable. 
 
 To MO'RAL, V. N. to moralize ; to 
 make moral ri;fie(flions. 
 
 MO'RALl^T, S. one wlio teaches or 
 writes on the duties of life. 
 
 MORA'LITY, S. [niom.'lfe', Fr.l the 
 
 MCO'RCOCK, S. a fowl ili.a is found on ftience or dodiin- of morahs, or the art 
 
 moors. 
 
 MOO'RHEN, S. a water fowl. 
 MOORISH.Adj fei-.ny ; marlhy ; over- 
 flowed. 
 
 MOO'RL.'\N'D, S. a marfli, or watery 
 ground. 
 
 MQO'RY, Adj. marfiiy; fenny; wa- 
 tery. 
 
 MOOSE, S. the large American deer. 
 To MOOT, V. A. [motiiin, mot, gemcf. 
 Sax. J in I aw, to plead a moik canfe ; to 
 ftate a point of law, or arjue a cafe, by way 
 of exercife, fur a degree of barriller in the 
 inns of court, c.died to a>g:ic a moot. A 
 Koot cafe or /oh:t, fuch as may admit dif- 
 pute. 
 
 MOO'TF.D, Adj. {mcetfcn, mutfin, Belg. 
 )i!:ziii2ie, Ital. miitih, Lat. J in Heraldry, | 
 pluck d up by tile roots. 
 
 MOO'TKR, S. one (hat argues a moot in 
 an ini! of court j one tliat pleads a motk caule 
 or (fates a cafe. 
 
 MOP, S. l;nc;;-a, Drit. ;?;.c/;^.-7 , Lat.] an 
 iniUumeiit nfrd by fcivaius in walhinj; floors. 
 c.infifHnj of a on" (lick or handle, at the end 
 of nhich are nailed pii.ces of woollen e oth or 
 locks of wool 
 
 To MOP, V. A to rub or clem with a 
 mop. 
 
 To MOPr, r. X. to be Qupid ; to be 
 dro'.vfv ; to be f;)iritief-, in..«nive, or dull. 
 AOi\ely, to mjke a peiioii fpiritlef'. or deli- 
 rious. 
 
 M0'1'F-P:V E D, Adi blind of one eye. 
 MOl'l'ET, or MO'PSEY, S. a doll 
 made of 
 infjut. 
 
 f living well and happily, deduced from 
 tiie reafim, nature, and fitn Is of thinjjs, or 
 from the relation in which we (land towards 
 others. 
 
 To MORALl'ZF, V. A. [r.c/-.-j///>r. Fr.] 
 to apply to the conduct or regulation of our 
 actions ; to explain in fuch a manner as to 
 ccnvey fomc practical truths. Neuterly, to 
 fpeak or write on fuch lubje<fls as may regu- 
 late our anions, conduA, or lives. 
 
 MORALl'ZiiR, -S. one who explains 
 things in fuch a manner as to convey fomc 
 ufefui truth for the re,:ulation of our lives. 
 
 MO'ilALLV, Adv in an ethical fenfe, 
 according to the comnion pra£fice of per- 
 fons, or occurrence? of life ; highly, or in 
 a qreat meafurs ; according to the rules of 
 virtue. 
 
 ; MO'RALS, S. fvvithout a fmgular] con- 
 duifl ; praOice of ,the duties of civil and fo- 
 cial life ; behaviour with refpcift to others. 
 
 MOKA'.-^S, S. [m<u,ii., Fr. I a fen ; a bog, 
 or trait of land abounding in water. 
 
 MO'RRJD, Adj. [r>ioil,Uus, Lat.] dif- 
 eafed, oppofed to healthy. 
 
 MO'RHiDNFSS, S the fiate or quality 
 of being difeafed. 
 
 MORrrtlC, or MORBI'FICAL, Atij. 
 ( the laft word is feldom ufed ; from hiorf>Ji- 
 que, Fr. or mvLus and fac':o, Lat.] cjuling 
 difcafc!.; injurious to health. 
 
 MORTjO'S. , Adj. {mo'bofus, Lat.] pro- 
 
 ceeding from difeafc; unhealthy. 
 
 MORE, Adj. [the comparative of /'».?, 
 many or much, whofe fupcrlative is mojt\ 
 ; a name of fondnefi for an Igieattr in number, quintity, or degree. 
 
 MORE, Adv. to a greater degree. Looger, 
 
 MOTUS, S. [a cant word from jKo/it] a j applied to time. Again, or a (ircond time. 
 
 L'fcd as a pal tide to form the comparative 
 degree before fuch adjcclives wh.ch, either 
 on account of the length of their fyliablcs, 
 or th.e want of harmony, would not conve- 
 niently admit tiie addition of cr. 
 
 PklORE'L, S. a plant; likewile a fpecies of 
 large clierry- 
 
 MO'RELAND, S. \morhu:d, Sax.] a 
 mountain or iiilly country. 
 
 MORKO'VER, Conj. befides, or beyor.d 
 uliat has been mentioned. 
 
 MORE'cjK-V/ORK, S. it'. Carving or 
 Painting, confifting of fevcral pieces 
 
 drone j a dull or inacTlive pcrlbn. " I 
 '* grown a mere m'.fu;.''' .Sii'Jf}. 
 
 MO'RhL, Adj. f Fr v.-^iiis, L;it ] relat- 
 ing to ttie actions or conJucf of life, or that 
 which determines an .tflion to be good orvir- 
 ttious ; rcafoning, oi drawing inferences, i'o 
 as to promote or indrucf in virtue; popi;iar; 
 generally admitted in tiie ufual occurrences of 
 life. A moia/ im/^j/:/:ii:ry, is a very great or 
 infuperable difficulty, oppofed to a natural 
 impntlibility. A moral cciiainiy or t;[j'ufance, 
 implies a very ftrong probability, and is ufed 
 in contiadicHon to niathcmatieal probabi- 
 
 lity. In Logic, a moral unn-frfalhy is when I which there is no perfe(n figure, but a wild 
 tlis predicate agrees to the greatelt part of the I reprefcr.tatiou of birds^ beads, C^r. 
 
 \ MO'RION,
 
 M O R 
 
 M O R 
 
 MO' HON, S. [Fr.] a helmet or armcrrt '' M6rt<ility my fentence.'" Prr.Lofl. Vm- 
 
 for the head. 
 
 MORKIN, S. in Hnntiti<T, a wild hcafl I 
 ihat h s died thrcii^h licknefs cr mifchance.l 
 
 IMORMO, S. [Gr.] a bugbear, or Ibme- j 
 thing iifcd to fri'^liten perfons. | 
 
 MORM, S. [mnrti. Sax.] the (irfJ part ofj 
 
 r' an nature. "■ M>.rt.dity cdnnot bear iu 
 L n-d. 
 
 MO'RTALLY, Adv. irrecoveral^Iy ; fo 
 . s to be doomed to death j c\trtmely ; ex- 
 reffively. 
 
 MORTAR, S. [m-y^thr, Fr.] a fl.ong 
 ;he d.iy tVo:Ti fuH-rifc tonoon. Seldom uftd vcfTel made of metal or ftone, in wliich 
 out l,y poets i things are pounded with a peltle. In 
 
 iM(yR\'ING, .S. l^reygttt, mc-^tn, Sax. | Guimery, a Ihort piece of ordnance, thick 
 mnr^hetiy morvhen, Bclji. moisren, Teut. ]■ the and wide, out of wliich Iiombs or c<;r- 
 firft part of the day, from the appearance of ; cafles are tlir'>wn. In ArchitrOwre i pie- 
 lij^ht till twelve o'clock at noon. Ufed in ; paration of lime and fand mixed wi li wa- 
 Compoiltion for any tiling* belonging to, or ter, ufed by mafons and brickljyets as a 
 uled in the morninii;. cement in building walls, (s'c. ficm moiter, 
 
 MO'RNI.VG-GOWM, S. a locfe go^wn,'"elg. 
 nfed iiefore a perfon is drelicd for appearing j MO'RTGAGE, .*?. [from >v«r/, Fr. and 
 pnblickly. '^■''^'> f^""-] ^ pledi;e or pjwn of laniis and te- 
 
 MO'RN'ING-ST'AR, S. the planet Venus, I nementp for money borrowed, 
 fij named when fhe appears in the morn- To M(J'RTG.AGE, V. A. to pledge, 
 ing. I pawn, or make over to a creditor as a fecu- 
 
 MORO'SE, Adj. \ri-rop s, Lat.] four ofj rity. 
 temper ; not eafiiy pleuii^d, and foon dil-j MORTGAGET, S. ihe perfon who re- 
 guded. j ceivcs lands or tenements as a pawn or fecu- 
 
 MORO'SFLLY, Adv. in a four, peevilh] rity "or monkey lent. 
 manner. " ~ 
 
 MORO'SENESS, S. foiirnefs ; peevifn- 
 nefs. 
 
 MORO'SrTY, S. \n:src,':tas, Lat.] fjur- 
 rcfs c^r pecvinincn;. 
 
 MO'RRIS, or MO'RRIS-DANCE. S. 
 f for K.!;c'7y2' cr morlfo danre^ a kind of djnce 
 in which the perfon gi^ejes bells fewed to 
 his clodths, piMclifed bv the Moors, and re- 
 fembhtfg the Pyrrhic dance mentioned by 
 ciafTic authors. 
 
 MO'RPHPLW, S. \mcrph-:e, Fr. morfia, 
 Ital. I a fcurf on the face. 
 
 MO'RROW, S. [n:orgcn. Sax. ri'^rghcn, 
 Belg. ] the day after th? prefcnt day. To- 
 mer n-zu, an adverbial exprefnon, implying ] thing or occurrence that fills the mind with 
 on the day after tlie prefcnt ; from to-mtngtn, vexjtion or uneafincfs. 
 Sax. Sometimes it is ufed as a fubftantive. 
 ** fo-nu-roiv is the time." i^'pcEi. 
 
 ]VIOR.>E, S. [mo'jus, Lat j a waltroD or 
 fea-borfe. 
 
 MCVRSPU., fi. fa diminutive from pur- 
 
 MOR 1 GAGER, S. a perfon who mort- 
 gages or pawns his lands. 
 
 WORTl'FEROUS, Adj [won, and /re, 
 Lat. ] deftriictve. 
 
 MORriFFCA'TION, S. [Fr.] in .Sur- 
 gery, a diieafe v.herein the natural juices lofc 
 their proper motion, ferment, and deflroy the 
 texture of the parts. In Phai mscy, the a<f\ 
 of deflioying the aiftive qualities of iiny 
 thing, applied to the killing quickfilver, and 
 uniting it with turpentine. The aA of keep- 
 ing in a (h;te of fubjc(ftion, applied to the 
 palTions. Tlie a£t of fuhduing the l)ody by 
 abliinciice or liardlhips, in a religious view, 
 in order to lefTcn the ftreneth of lulls. Any 
 
 ToAIO'RlIFY, V. A. [vxrti/;,; Fr.] 
 to rob of all the vital qualities. In Pharma- 
 cy, to deflroy the a^ln'C and eflential quali- 
 ties, applied to the killing of quickfilver, fo 
 as to unite it with turpcntina or fpittle. 'I'o 
 jY.Jw. Fr. from mo>- fit s, Lat.] a fmall piece ;' fubdue inordinate p.ifli.ins ; to keep the body 
 a piece fit for the mouth; a monthtul ; a low !,y lilxuir and abflinence, in order to 
 meal : a fmall quantity. render its affections more compliant to rea- 
 
 MO'RSUUE, S. [Fr. morjura, Lat.] the] fon, and to atone for former fins ; to hum- 
 aft of biting. ble, dejeft, or ve.x. Neuterly, to corrupt or 
 P.IORT, S. [morte, Yt. mors, »/crr/j, Lat.] turn to a gangrene j to be fubdiied; to die 
 in Hunting, a tune founded at the death of awaV- 
 
 game ; a great quantity, from morgt, 111. 
 gre it : a low word. 
 
 MO'P.TAL, Adj. [mcrte!, Fr. rrrtalh, 
 Lat. I fubjeft to death ; deftruftive, or cauf- 
 ing death ; human, or belonging to man. 
 " Morral ear." Pi:r. Lo/l. ExcelTivc; violent. 
 *' A m-.rtal fright." Vryd. 1 lie laft lenfc is 
 low. 
 
 MO'RTAL, S. a man or human being. 
 
 MORTA'HTY, S. the ftate of a Icing 
 fi-bjeit to death. «f igurativcly, death. 
 
 MO'RTISE, S. [mcrtrife, morilfe, Fr.] 
 in Carpentry, a hole cut in wood, in order 
 for another piece to be kt into it, and fcrm 
 a joint. 
 
 To MO'RTISE, V. A. to cut or join 
 with a moitife. 
 
 MO'RTMANf, S. [from n-om; Fr. and 
 m.iin, Fr. ] in Law, (ucli a (late of poflLflion 
 as makes it unalienable, and therefore fjid to 
 be in dead hand, becaufe it cannot lie re{h;r- 
 cd to the donor, or to any common or tcm- 
 T t 3 _ poial
 
 MOT 
 
 MOV 
 
 poral ufe : the word is generally applied to I or female. Figuratively, that which lias 
 fuch lands as are given to any religious houfe, ' ' ' 
 
 corporation, &c. 
 
 MO'RTRESS, S. a difh compofed of meats 
 of vaiious kinds pounded together. 
 
 MO'RTUARY, S. t ?n'>-t:.are, Fr.] in 
 Law, a git't left by n perfon at his death tol fpecks of a white colour in liquors, of warj/f;-, 
 his parifh church, in lieu of perfonal tythesi Belg. from modder, Belg. mud. 
 
 produced any thing. That which has pre- 
 ceded in rime, or requires reverence. " A 
 " mother church. '' A queen motkcr is the fame 
 as a queen dowager, or one whofe hufband is 
 dead. A thick fubftance, appearinu like 
 
 neglected to be paid in his life time; in fome 
 places, a bciO^ or other movcabie chattel, 
 as are, by cuftom, due on the death of a per- 
 fon, and (tiled by this name. 
 
 MOSA'JC, or MOSA'IC WORK, S. 
 \mo{a\'j.ie, Fr.] r.n aflemblage of little pieces 
 of gl.ifs, marble, iheils, and precious itones 
 of varions colours, ceniented on a ground of 
 
 MO'THER, Adj. native i that which a 
 perfon receives at his birth. 
 
 MO'THER OF PEARL, S. a kind of 
 coarfe pearl made of the fhell of fuch fillies as 
 generate pearls. 
 
 IVIO'THERHOOD, S. the office, con- 
 dition, flute, or quality of a mother. 
 
 MO'THER LESS, Adj. having no mo- 
 
 flucco, and ini.tatins; picture.";, both in form,' thrr ; robbed of a mother by death. 
 
 natural colours^ and the fliaaes made ufe of 
 in paintings. 
 
 MO'^Ql'E, S. [Fr. ir.t^^gd, or v-ejchul, 
 Turk. J a temple, wherein the Mahomme- 
 dans perform their devotion. 
 
 m6.SS, S. \men. Sax. »;://>ai, Lat.] a plant 
 of the parafite kind growing on the bzrks of 
 trees, ^c. 
 
 To MOSS, V. A. to cover with mofs. 
 
 MO'SSINESS, S. the flate of being co- 
 vered or overgrown with mofs. 
 
 MO'SSY, Adj. covered or overgrown with 
 mofs . 
 
 MOST, Adj. fthe fuperlative of jme, 
 jna";', much. Such words as confifr nf many 
 fyllables, or would found harOi v.ith the ad- 
 iiition off/?, receive this word before them in 
 the fuperlative, as fhifu!, mere f'uiful, moji 
 fitiful] confining of the greatest number, 
 quantity, or degree. 
 
 MOST, Adv. f;;;r7/?.-, Goth. rro-;?. Sax. 
 r.e:JJ, Belg. ntjl, Dan.] in the greatclt de- 
 cree. Sometimes ufed as a fubdantive, and 
 is either fmguLr or plural. Foiiowcd by cf, 
 and uftd partitively, fignifics thegreater num- 
 ber, and is plural. " Afj/? of the churches." 
 ^ddif. Ufed with naie, it fignifies the gre:it- 
 efi value, or advantage, and is lingular. 
 " Makes the kcJi of what he h.^s " UL'Jirarge. 
 "When preceded by^.', it fignifics the greau-fl 
 degree or quantity. "Some months a.t the 
 ♦' tr.cft:' Bac. 
 
 MO'STICK, S. ffrom. ».-5^V«, Teut.l r, 
 painter's flick, en which he leans his hand 
 when he paints. 
 
 MO'STLY, Adv. for the greatefi part ; 
 gcncndiy. 
 
 MOTE, S. [mete. Sax.] a fmall particle 
 ef matter j a duft or atom ; or any thing 
 very fmall. 
 
 MOTH, S. {ntoth, Sax. motte, Belg.] a 
 fmall winged \nk€i which eats cloaihs cr 
 hanging.^; a winged infect of divers colours, 
 diflir.guifhed from a butterfly by its horns, 
 which run tapering from their root. 
 
 MO'THER, S. [pronounced mutter; mo- 
 ther, tnoder. Sax. Ktidre, Ital. mare, Fr.] a 
 
 MO'THER:. Y, Adj. belonging to, or be- 
 coming a mother. 
 
 MOTHERLY, Adv. after the manner of 
 a rfaother. 
 
 MO'THERY, Adj. full of dregs ; having 
 white concretions, applied to liquors. 
 
 MO'THY, Adj. full of moths j eaten by 
 moths. 
 
 MO'TION, S. [Fr. metio, Lat.] the art 
 of chang ng place ; the manner of moving 
 the body j gait ; change of pofture, or ac- 
 tion ; thought or tendency of mind j a pro- 
 pofal ; z.\\ inipulfc communicated. Natural 
 »:'jt':on, is that which has its moving force or 
 principle within tlie moving body, i'^hkrt 
 tr.ctlo:, is that wliofe principle afls from 
 without. Abfolure victkn, is the change or 
 abfoiute fpace in any moving body, whofe 
 celeiity is me.if.ired by tlie quantity of abfo- 
 iute fpace, which the movealle body runs 
 through. Rehil-ue metier:, is the change of a 
 relative or vulgar f-;^?.ce cf the human body, 
 whofe cclcr.ty is meafuied by the quantity of 
 relative fp.ice run ihrough. 
 
 MO'TIONLESS, Adj. without motion» 
 MO'TiVE, Adj. [wrof/Wi, Lat.J caufing 
 motion ; having the power to move or change 
 platfe. 
 
 MO'TIVE, S. [motif, Fr.] that which 
 determines the choice, or incites to atflion ; 
 a mover. 
 
 MO'TLY, Adj. [fuppofed to be corrupted 
 from medley^ of Various colours. 
 
 MO'TOR, S. [meteur, Fr. from mcveo^ 
 Lat. to move] a mover. 
 
 MO'TORY, Adj. [motorhs, Lat.] caufing 
 motion. 
 
 MO'TTO, S. [Ital.] a fentence added to 
 a device, or any wri:ing. 
 
 To 1\I0VE, V. A. [pronounced move ; 
 fnm vic-veo, Lat.] to put out of one place 
 into another ; to put in motion. To give an 
 impulfe to ; to propofe ; to lecommend ; to 
 perfuade or prevail on, applied to the mind. 
 To affert ; to Air Hp or excite tendernefs or 
 any paffion ; to make angry 5 to put into 
 commotion. " All the city was mo'v/d.'" 
 
 woman that has borne a child, whether malcVRutb i. 9, Ncutcrly, to go from one place 
 
 to
 
 M O U 
 
 .t« anothei' ; to change places j to walk ; to 
 go forward. 
 
 MO'VEABLE, AJj. capable of being 
 moved, or carried from one place to another. 
 Changing, er not always happening on the 
 fcime day of the month or year, applied to 
 the feafts obferved by the church. 
 
 MO'VF.ABLES, S. (it has no lingular: 
 mouNes, Fr.] goods or furniture : diftinguilh- 
 cd from houfes, lands, or other hereditary 
 poflcfTions. 
 
 MO'VEABLEVESS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing poflible to be moved, or .carried out of 
 one place into another. 
 
 M'OVEABLY, Adv. fo as it may be 
 moved. 
 
 AIO'VELESS, Adj. unmoved ; not to be 
 put out of its place ; not to be put in mo- 
 tion. 
 
 MO'VEMENT, S. [mcuri<emf>it, Fr.] the 
 manner of moving ; motion ; any thing 
 which moves : gencrjUy applied to the parts, 
 of a watch, or other machine. 
 
 MO'VENT, Part, [movens, Lat.] in mo- 
 tion . 
 
 MO'VENT, £. thqt which puts any thing 
 into motion,. 
 
 MO'VER, S. f pronounced, like the other 
 derivatives from mo-jiie, as if writ'en moove] 
 the perfon or thing that gives motion j fome- 
 thins in motion; a propofer. 
 
 MO'VING, Part in motion. Figurative- 
 ly, pathetic, or can fin g pity and compaflion. 
 ' MO'VINGLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to caufe pity andxompaftion. 
 
 MOULD, S. l,noegd, Swed.] a kind of 
 concretion on the top of fuch things as are 
 damp, and without motion, at prefent difco- 
 vered by microfcopes to be a perfeft plant ; 
 ,carih, in which any thing grows, from molde, 
 Sax. Muter of wliich any thing is made; 
 the matrix in which anything is cafl: or 
 (haped, from mcLi, Brit, nmule, Fr, Caft, 
 form, or difpofition ; the future of the fcull, 
 wherein the feveral bones meet. 
 
 MOU'LDABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 formed or fhaped j liable to be mouldy. 
 
 MOU'LDER, S. one that (hapes, or 
 fafhions. 
 
 To MOU'LDER, V N. [from mdde. Sax. 
 duft] to turn to duft ; to crumble. 
 
 MOU'LDINESS, S. the ftate of being 
 mouldy, or contracting a whitifli concretion 
 on account of being in a damp place. 
 
 MOU'LDING, S. an ornamental cavity 
 cut with a chillel in wood or (lone. In Ar- 
 chite<rture, the jettings or proje<ftnres beyond 
 the level of a wall, column, wainfcoat, l^c. 
 the alTemblage of which formssornices, door- 
 cafes, and other decorations. 
 
 MOU'LDY, Adj. covered with a kind of 
 white down, by (landing in a moift place, or 
 Ijcing expofed to moill air. 
 
 MOU'UN£T, S. [Fx. a diminutive of 
 
 M O U 
 
 vtoulin, Fr, a niillj in Mechanics, a roller 
 crofled with two levers, which is applied, to 
 cranes, capfterns, andotlier engines, to heave 
 up timber, heavy ftoncs, of. In Fortifica- 
 tion, a kind of turnRile or wooden crofs, 
 turning horizontally on a wooden ftake fi.xed 
 in the ground. 
 
 To MOULT, V. N. [muyun, Belg. kuc; 
 Fr.] to liied or change feathers, applied to 
 birds. 
 
 MOUNE, S. \maen, Brit. wo«j, Lat. mnn- 
 Jijii, Sax. J a bank, rampart, or other fence 
 of earth. ]n Heraldry, a ball or globe with 
 a crofs upon it, with which our kings aie ge- 
 nerally drawn : from v.onde, Fr, or mundus, 
 Lat. 
 
 To MOUND, V. A. to fortify or defend 
 wiili a rampait^cr bank of earth. 
 
 MOUN'I", S. [mont^ Fr. n'.ov.i, moms, Lat.] 
 a mountain, or fmall hill ; an artificial hill 
 raifed in a garden ; the painted paper or lea- 
 ther glued to the (ticks of a fan. 
 
 To MOUNT, V. N. [monta; Fr] to 
 afcend, or rife upwards ; to tower, or be 
 built to a great height ; to get on horfcback ; 
 to come to, when added together, from a- 
 mount. " See to what they;«o«K/." Pope. Ac- 
 tively, to raife in the air ; to lift or force 
 upwards ; to afcend or climb ; to place on 
 horf>.back. "To mount guard, to do du y or 
 watch at any particular place. Tomount cannon, 
 to let a piece on its wooden frame, for the 
 more eaiy manageir,ent and firing of it. 
 
 MOU'NTAIN, S. [tncntagne, Fr. mvr.ta<ina, 
 Ital.j a part of the eartJi, rifing to a confi- 
 derable height above its furface. 
 
 MOU'NTAIN, Adj. built on a mountain j 
 growing or iituated on mountains ; belong- 
 ing to a mountain. 
 
 MOUNTAINE'ER, S. one who lives on 
 a mountain ; a favnge ruilic or frce-booter. 
 
 MOU'NTAINET, S. [a diminutive from 
 mountain] a hillock, or fmall mountain. 
 " Like two fair w</.-«M;>i.Y5." i^ldnif. John- 
 fon recommends this word as elegant, though 
 not in ufe. 
 
 MOU'NTAINOUS, Adj. hilly, or full 
 of mountains. Figuratively, large ; huge ; 
 in bulk as big as a mountain, " Mountainous 
 " error." 
 
 MOU'NTAINOUSNESS, S. the quahty 
 of being full of mountains. 
 
 MOU'NTANT, Adj. \_mountant, Fr.] rifmg 
 or fwelling upwards. 
 
 MOU'NTEBANK, S. \monimehanco, Ital.] 
 a perfon who vends medicines in public pLccs, 
 and harangues the mob from a bench or llage. 
 Figuiativcly, nny vain preteiidrr. 
 
 MOU'NTER,S,onewhoclimbsorafcen,ds. 
 
 MOU'NFY, S. [;«£-«?«, Fr.J the afccnt 
 'of a hawk. 
 
 To MOURN, V. N. [pronounced w^rn; 
 
 murnan. Sax. morne, Vr.] to grieve or be for- 
 
 rowiul ; to wear the drefs of borrow ; to 
 
 T t 4 prefers?
 
 MOW 
 
 f refcrv'C sn appearance of grief. AAu'tiy, 
 to grieve for or lament. 
 
 MOURNF, S. [mor'ie. Fr.] the roimd end 
 ef a ft-tf; the pnrt of a lance to which the 
 iteel or head is fixed. 
 
 MOUR'NER, S. one that fhews prlef or 
 forrow ; one th^t follows a funeral in black. ' 
 MOU'RNFUL, Adj. caufing forrow ; j 
 feeling forrow ; having the appearance of i 
 lorrow ; difmal, or cxpreflive of grief. j 
 
 MOU'RNFL'LLY, Adv. in a forro-.vful 
 ir.annrr. 
 
 MOU'RNFULNESS, S. forrow ; the ap- 
 penrince of forrow. | 
 
 MOU'RNING, S- forrow, grief ; a drefs 
 wft.n by perfons n-heu they have loft a rela- 
 tion, Gff.by death. 
 
 MOU'RNIMGLY, Adv. in a forrowful 
 n^anncr. 
 
 MOUSE, S. fp'"''''' ''•''^) *"""^y I'l- P'"' 
 rAtrye; wvj. Six.] i little animal haunting 
 lioiifes and corn fields ; the prey of cats. ^ 
 
 To MO'J^F,, V. A. ',!nt:yjc-!, Belg. n:r.i'jcn. 
 Tent.] tocdtch mice ; to be tly, inlidiou-; or 
 upon the cr-.u-h. " A whole, aflembly of 
 " ;;.•;://;•■•" f.»i"ts." UEJl jnge. 
 
 MOUSK-HUNT, S. one that hunts mice. 
 «' You have been a mcnfe-curt." Shai. 
 
 MOU'SE-HOLF,, ^. a hole through which 
 iTi re find their pall.'.ee; a fmall hole. 
 MOU'SER, S. one that catches mice. 
 MOUTH, S. [munths, Goth, whence! 
 fru:.b. Sax.] in Anatomy, th*t part of tbe| 
 f^ce which confifts of the" lips, gums, and the 
 infide cf the cheeks, at which the food is| 
 received ; an opening, or that p.irt of a veflcl j 
 by which it is filled or emptied 5 that part 
 of a river by which it is entered from the 
 lea. Fig'Jrativtly, a fpeuker or orator. 
 
 «« Some particular ftatefman who is the 
 
 " moutb of the ftreet." Mdif. To make 
 m'xithi, is a diftortion of the features ; 
 a wry face made in contempt. " Making 
 •' r-e:i*hi." Adt'.if. Doivn in_the mouth, im- 
 plies drjc(fled. 
 
 To MOUTH, V. A. to utter with a voice 
 afT-flcdly big, applied to fpeech._ 'J o chew cr 
 jrrind in I he mouh, applied to eating. 'Jofeize 
 in or with the mouth ; to form bythc mouth. 
 MOU'THED. Adj. having a mouth ; de- 
 livered with -n affirmed grandeur or bionef'; of 
 voice. In C')mpor!ti(.n,/>.'//-w'-j/f/;f^ implie.^ 
 iifn-ig s^i^if'^'e 'a:^?.''''o«- l^-ia!y ».oic:hed, re- 
 ftr.iined hv h ■(h.'"ulr.rrs of fpeaking. 
 
 MOUTH-FRIEND, S. o. e who pro- 
 fefles fiiendfhip without pri<nifing it. " You 
 • ' Y'^niof m;inh-f>leiids" Hhck. 
 
 MOU'THFUL, S. as much as the mouth 
 c?ii contain ; -iny fmill cjuantity. 
 
 MOL" THLE S. Adj. witiiout a mouth. 
 
 Tv;()\V, S. a loft or chjmi>er where hay 
 
 or corn is laid up. Hav in mow properly fig- 
 
 nifljs h:ty laid in a houfc. H.iy in rick, that 
 
 whWi is heaped roucther in a fild ; but this 
 
 ■ diiluiition is not always olifcrYttd. 
 
 MUD 
 
 To MOV/, V. A. to heap together or p'lt 
 in a mow. Neuterly, to heap up cr gather 
 in the harvefi. 
 
 To MOW. V. A. [pronounced ».'9, preter 
 7r-iu(d, participle paflive mcnvn ; from mnivan. 
 Sax.] to cut "ith a fcy'he Figuratively, to 
 cut down \v *h fpced or violence. 
 
 To MO'WBURN, V. N. to ferment and 
 heat in the mow for want of being dry. 
 1 M(''WF,R, S. one \\ho ruts with a fcythe. 
 1 MUUH, Adj. [mahts, Goth, muni, Sax. 
 Iwi'.r^, Pcliv.] lar^je, applied to quanaty; long, 
 I applied to time ; many, applied to number. 
 
 MUC;H, Adv. in a •:rcat deg! ec : by far; 
 I to a certain degree. Often or long, applied 
 I to time. 
 
 MUCH, S. a great deal. ^^Ul(ltude, ap- 
 plied to number ; abundance, applied to 
 4U«ntiiy. fiomrthiiig ftrange, uncommon, 
 or deferving notice. " It is wuik, that one, 
 " Gff. i'flt. To make much of, figuifies t(» 
 tren with great refptO, fondnefs, or tender- 
 n?fs. 
 
 MU'CTD, Adj r^r;r;VKs,Lat 1 nimv mutlv. 
 MUCIDNESS^ S. fliminefs.'or muflintfs. 
 MUML.'lGE, S. [Vr. muciUgo, Lat.] a 
 fiimy or vLI-ous m itter. 
 
 MUCILA'GI.NOUS, Adj. [irucUaglrcux; 
 Fr.] (limy ; vifcous. Mu.iLg^-vcus glam.s, sets 
 a numerous fit of elands in the joints. 
 I MUCILA'GINOU^NESS, S. the quality 
 of being (I'my or vifcous. 
 
 I ^lUt K, S. [mecx. Sax mog, Dan.] dung 
 I ufed for improving lands. Figuratively, low, 
 I mean, or bafe. 
 j To MUCK, V. A. to dung. 
 
 MUCK, Adj. {,r.okrac, RufT mckro and 
 
 I moior, ScIhv.] wet or moift. As tvec as iKuct, 
 
 or to be jnuck wr, implies the being as wet 
 
 with \v:iter or rain, ?.s if one's clualhs were 
 
 ficeped in either. 
 
 MU'C-KEN'DER, S. a hardkerchief to 
 blow the nofc in. 
 
 MU'> KINESS. S. naflinefs ; fihh ; the 
 quality or ftate of a muckender, which has 
 been much ufed. 
 
 MU'CKS'VEAT, Adj. rSee JWini, ad- 
 [ied^ivt] a profufe fweat, which is vifibie and 
 ! makes a pei fon very wet. 
 I MU'CKWORM, Adj. a worm that lives 
 ilndiinv;. Figuratively, a mifa". 
 
 MU'CKY,"Adj. [mucus, Lat.] nafty, cr 
 filthv. 
 
 MU'COUS, Adj. [muccfus, Lat.J filmy, 
 or viicous. 
 
 MU'COUSNESS, S. the quality of being 
 ilimv or vifcr-us. 
 
 MU'CRO, S. fLat,] a point. "Ihemucro 
 " or point of the ht-art " /Jrnvr. 
 
 MUCRONATED, Adj. pointed. " Mu- 
 
 " frp/7i;rf<^orterminatino in a point.'' H^codiv, ' 
 
 MUD, S. \mud, Brit. ac(ording to Davis 
 
 from Hch. modde, Belg. \ the flime, or moift 
 
 earth at the bottom of water ; the duft or 
 
 dirt of roads niadcjvct with rain or water- 
 I ^ To
 
 MUG 
 
 M U L 
 
 To MUD, V. A. to bury in flinic or 1 plant, ufed in the dilorders incident to the 
 niiid ; to make the water foul by diftiirbing ! fair lex. 
 tl;c mud ; to dafli or daub with mud. MU'GGY, Adj. [mogu^t. Arm.] moid ; 
 
 MU'DLMLY, Adj. with foulnefs ordiflur-jdimpidi ; mou dy. Gloomy, applied to 
 bid mud and fediment. I weather. 
 
 ML''i:)lDlNESS, S foulnefscaufedbymud, MULA'TTO. S fSp3n mulnt, Tv.muhs, 
 
 drci'S or Icilinieijt 1 
 
 'lo MU'DDLF,, V. A to make foul or 
 muddy. Figuratively, to make half drunk ; 
 cloud or flupify. 
 
 MU'DOY, Adj. foiled or daubed witli 
 mud ; foul with mud, dregs, or fedimcnrs. 
 Figuratively, dark, oppofcd to bright. Cloudy 
 or dull, applied to the mind. Impure; dark; 
 giofs. 
 
 To MU'DDY, V. A. to make liquors foul 
 fey dillurhins; the mud, dregs, or Icdiments 
 at the bi)ttom ; to make muJdy ; to cioud ; 
 to diflurb. 
 
 MU'DSUCKF.R, S. a fea fowl, with two 
 toes joined, and fo called from its manner of 
 hfe. 
 
 To MUE, V. A. [n:::er, Fr.] to moult 
 or change the feathers. 
 
 MUFF, S. lw;/jf, Swed, mcffi,muffc, Belg. 
 tnouffe, Fr.] a kind of covering made of hair 
 or feathers, ufed to keep the hands warm in 
 the winter. 
 
 MUFFETRE, S. [a diminutive of w//^] 
 a kinJ of Ihort muff made of worfted knit, 
 and worn upon the wrift to keep that part 
 of the fliirt clean. 
 
 MU'FFIN, S. a kind of light cake, made 
 ^ jn Yorkfliiie, of the befl fiour, mixed with 
 milk, &c. 
 
 To MUFFLE, V. A [muffle, Fr] to 
 cover in order to defend from the weather ; 
 to blindfold ; to fallen up the mouth of a 
 
 Lat.J one that has a black and a white tor 
 his parents. 
 
 MU'LCERRY,orMU'; BERRY-TREE, 
 S. [morLt/lf, SaK. j a tree bearing a berry or 
 fruit, formed fumewlijtlike a pine apple, uud 
 afibrding a delicious j lice. 
 
 MULCT, S. [muiaa, r,at.] a fine, or fum 
 of money wh.ich a perlbn is fentcnced to pay 
 for lome crime. 
 
 jo mulct, V. A. to fentence a perfon 
 to payor forfeit a fyni of money for the coui- 
 miilion of a crime. 
 
 MULE, S. Ymulc, mi/if, Fr. mula, Lat.] 
 an animal generated by an afs and a mare, or 
 by a horfe and a Ihe-als. 
 
 MU'LETil'ER, S. [v-uhtUr, Fr. »«//o, 
 Lat.] one tiiatdiives nniks. 
 
 MU'LIER, S, I Lat. a woman] in Law, 
 a perfon begotten before, but born after mar- 
 riage, and reckoned lawful or legitimate. 
 
 MLLIE'BRITY, S. [r,:rlebris, 1-ar.] wo- 
 manhood ; the character and manners of a 
 woman. 
 
 To MULL, V. A. [md.'hus, Lat,] to 
 foften or difpirit, as wine is when heated or 
 fwectcned. " M«//'(/ deaf, ileepv, infenfible." 
 To warm any liquor, but efpecially 
 
 Shak. 
 v.ine. 
 
 MU'LL.'V^, S. moi'Imr, Fr ] a ftonc flat at 
 the bottom, and roundilh at the top, with 
 which any powder isgroimd on a marble: at 
 prcfeiit, improperly called a mullet. An in- 
 dogwith leathern thongs to prevent his biting, j (iiumcnt ulcd by glafs-grinders, confifHug of 
 figuratively, to hide, conceal, or involve. | a piece of wood, to one end of which is ce- 
 
 To MU'FFLE V.N. [iKjfflen, TO,.'^r/f,i, i mented the glafs ta be ground. 
 Belg.] to fpeak inwardly ; to Ipeak inartieu- ML'LLET, S. [trt^Irr, Fr.] a fea-fi(h. 
 lately, or in fuch a manner ai hardly to be In Heraldry, a bearing in f.imi of a flat rowel 
 underflood. ip"'' 'living five points, ufed generally as the 
 
 MU'FFLER, S. a cover for the face; a ' diiUnguiiliuig mark of the lourth fon, or 
 rover made of thongs, put over a dog's mouth I third brother or houfe. 
 
 to prevent his biting. MU'LLYGRUliS, or MU'LGRUBS, S. 
 
 MU'FTI, S. flnik.] the patriarch or a twilling of the gurs, fo called from the 
 high-pricft of the 7vlahommedan leligion re- fymptomatic fever attending it ; from r:u^l, 
 fjding at Conflantinople. i or mn/, Brit, warm : low word. 
 
 MUG, S. a vellel to drink in, applied to MULSE, S. [tutu'fum, Lat.) a liquor made 
 
 thofe w hich are made of earthen ware, china, 
 or filver. 
 
 MU'GIFNT, Part, {mugkts, Lat.] bel- 
 lowing. " A///^;. nf iioife." Brown. 
 
 MUGGLEfO'NlAN, S. a profcflbr of 
 the principles of Lndo«ic Muggleton, a jour- 
 neyman laylor, who lived about 1-57, and 
 with his adocijte Reeves fet up for great 
 prophets, pretending to an abfoluie power ot 
 facing af d danining whom they plcafcd, and 
 aflcrti'ig that they were the two lull witntfles 
 of God which fhould appear before the end 
 of ihc uoild. 
 
 ML'GWORT, S. [n^ug-rvyrf. Sax.] a 
 
 of wine, or water and honey boiled together. 
 
 MULT, a fyllable ufed in compolition, 
 contraOed fronj m.ifm, Lat. much. 
 
 MULTA'NGULAR, Adj. [Unm mn/iu,, 
 Lat. and an^;(/«i, Lat j having many angles 
 or corners. 
 
 MULTA'NGULARLY, Adv. with many 
 corners or angles. 
 
 MULTa'NGULARN'ESS, the quahty of 
 having many angles or corners. 
 
 MULT1CA'PSUL->R, Adj. [from ««//.-/.-, 
 Lat. and capjuU, Lat.] having many capfules 
 or cells. 
 
 MULTIFA'RIOUS, Adj. [multirjnus, 
 
 "Lat.J
 
 M U L 
 
 Lat.] vnt-ioKS ; cotriplicate ; having a vaiicty 
 or divciTitT in iriclf ; infevcrai rcfpefls. 
 
 MULTIFA'RIOUSLY, AUv. in a variety 
 ofrefpettsj in a complicate manner j with 
 mnkiplicity. 
 
 MUL'IIFA'RIOUSNESS, S. multiplied 
 <iiverfitY, ov Vi'.riety. 
 
 MU'LTlFID,m-lVlULT!FI'DOUS,Adj. 
 [mr.h'fr'us, Lat.] having, many partitions ; 
 cleft or divided into many branches. 
 
 MU'LTIFORM, Adj. [p:iil:tfor:riry La:t.] 
 having various fhapes, forms, or appearances. 
 *' The v.uk'iform and amazing operations.^' 
 
 ^NJLTILA'TERAL, Adj. [from ^uhui, 
 and lavs, larsris, Lat.] having many fides. 
 
 MULTINOMIAL, or MULTINO'Air- 
 NAL, Adj. [ff?i;.'>;/J, Lat. and roiren, iicnAnh, 
 Lat.] havino; many n.->.mes. 
 
 MULTl'PAROUS, S. [mulnfarus, Lat.] 
 fcringingmanv at a birth. 
 
 MULTIPA'RTITE, Adj. [muhij^oHrtm, 
 Lat.] div!:ied into many parts. 
 
 MU'LTJl^LE, or MU'LTIPLFX, Adj. 
 [Lat.] manifold. In Arithmetic, applied to 
 X njmbcr which contains another fevcral 
 «imes : thus, two is the multiple of fi.s, be- 
 caufc it contains it three times. 
 
 MULTIPLI'ABLE, Adj. [Fr.] capable 
 of beinf inuUipiied. 
 
 MULTIt--LI'ABLENE?S, S. tlie quality 
 of heinj; capable ta be multiplied. 
 
 MU'LTirLICABLE, Adj. [from w.'/W- 
 flko, Lat.] capable of being n-iul tiplied in 
 arithmetic. 
 
 MULTIPLICA'ND, S. [nuhflkandus, 
 Lat.T tlie nu'.iiber given to be multiplied. 
 
 MULTI'PLICATE, AHj. [„:u!;ipluatus, 
 Lat. ] multiplied j confiding of more than 
 •ne. 
 
 MULTIPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.mulfpli- 
 cat'io, Lat] the aft of increafing any j^um- 
 ber by adding more of the fame klid. In 
 Arithmetic, the increafing any one number 
 by another, as often as there are Baits in the 
 tiumb'r !)V which it is increafed. 
 
 MUL T IPLICA'TOR, S. [Lat. mdflplka- 
 teur, Fr.j the number given to multiply an- 
 other by. 
 
 MULTIPLrCIOU.«;, Adj. {r^uHpkx, L?t. 
 itnul;ipiier, Fr.] manifold. " Milt'plicioui or 
 »' m;'ny." Bro-x-.-n. 
 
 To MULTIPLY, V. A. [vmltifrier, Fr.] 
 tr> increafe in number by the addition or pro- 
 iduft'on of more of the f^me kind, to work a 
 fum in multiplication. Neutcrly, to propa- 
 gate, or increafe in number. 
 
 MULTIPO'TLNT, Adj. [from rrnltum, 
 znd potcns, Lat ] having a manifold power, 
 or power to perform many different tilings. 
 *' By fove tmi/i- fount.'" Sbui. 
 
 MUL'I IPRK'SENCE, S. [mu/ius, Lat, 
 and pr/rf:ntia, Lat. ] the power or aft of being 
 in feveral place? at one »nd tiie I'arpf time. 
 " Muhif-f-feni-e of .Chrifl's body." Hall. 
 
 MUM 
 
 MULTI'SCIOU.S, Adj. [muttijdu!, Lat.] 
 having a variety of kno\\led2e. 
 
 ML'LTISl'LIQUOUS, Adj. [from «-/- 
 fus, Lat. and jCiij:,^, Lat.] havirig many 
 pods. In Botany, applied to fuch plants as 
 liave, after each flower, manydiftinft, long, 
 .flcnder, crooked cai'es or pcds, in which their 
 feed is contamed, which open of thcmfclvei 
 uhen ripe, and kt the feed drop^ 
 
 MULTl'SONOUS, Adj. [multifoJtu:,Lit.] 
 havinc; ni-ny founds. 
 
 ML'LTITUDE, S. [Fr. multifudo, Lst.] 
 the ftate of !>eing many, or more tha.i one ; 
 a great number ; a crowd or thronjj of feve- 
 ral pcrfons aflen-.blcd together ; the vulgar, 
 
 MULTITU'OINOU'S, Adj. having the 
 appearance of a great number or multitude ; 
 manifold. 
 
 MULTI'ViOrs, Adj [multus, Lat. and 
 'via, L-tt.j having many ways ; manifold. 
 
 MULTO'CULAR, Adj. [multu!, Lat. and 
 orrhis, Lat .J having many eyes. "" Flies arc 
 " mulsocuUr." Dei h. 
 
 MUM, fnterj. [when pronounced it leaves 
 the lips c'lofed, and may, on account of that 
 circumflaricc, be ufed to command filencej 
 filence ! hulh ! a u-ord ufcd to ei:prefs a com- 
 m3nd or refolution not to fpeak. 
 
 MLM, S. \v:uinr., ir.umme, Belg.] a ftrong 
 pleafant liquor imported from Brunfwic, 
 brewed ^.-o u «heat, oats, and ground beans. 
 
 To A;UvinLE, V. N. [n-.oifipckn, Belg. 
 memletc, Rufl.J to fpeak inwardly ; to mut- 
 ter ; to chew in an aukward manner for want 
 of teeth J to bite foftly ; to eat with the lips 
 clofed. 
 
 MU'MBLER, S. one that chews aukward- 
 ly for want of teeth j one that grumbles or 
 mutters. 
 
 MU'MBLINGLY, Adv. in an articulate 
 or muttering manner i in fuch a manner as 
 fcarce to be heard. 
 
 To MUMM, V. A. [viommett, Belg. |Ui,M3f, 
 Gr.l to malk ; to frolick or play tricks ia 
 mail]uer.-.de. " AV'iih mumming and with 
 ■' mafking." IJubherd. 
 
 MU'MMER, S. [See Maww] a mafker ; 
 one who performs frolics in mafquerade ; 
 onswho mimics or perfonates any charafter. 
 
 MU'.MIMERY, S. [mommeiie, Fr.j mafque- 
 rade ; the frolics played at a mafquerade ; 
 foolery i mimicry. 
 
 r.IU'MMY, S. [iHumie, Fr. mumia, Lat.] 
 ill Pi'pular Language, a dead body embalna- 
 ed, and preferved after the Egyptian man- 
 ner. In Medicine, tl>€ flelh of a body that 
 has been embalmed, or the liquor running 
 from embalmed bodies when newly prepared. 
 To Lcat to mummy, is to beat fo as the flefll 
 (hall appear very much bruifed. 
 
 To MUMP, V. A. [Kompclen, Belg.] to 
 nibble, bite quick, or to chew with a conti- 
 nued motion ; to talk Jo_w and quick. To 
 go a begging, in cant language. 
 
 MU'i\ir£R; S. [a cant wordj a beggar, 
 
 MUMPS, 
 
 J
 
 M U R 
 
 MUMPS, S. [from mwrpekti, Belg.] ful- 
 lennefs ; filent anger or dilcontent. 
 
 To MUNCH, V. A. [v^i^ger, Fr.] to 
 chew by great mouthfiUs. Ncutcily, to chew 
 ravenoufly. 
 
 MU'NCIIER, S. one that eats greedily, 
 or by great mouthiuls 
 
 MUND, in proper names, is deiived from 
 rtitin'h, Sax. peace; thus munbiich, is what 
 lawyers make ufe of for a breach of the peace. 
 Eadmund, now written Edmund, fignifies 
 happy peace : from ead. Sax. happy, and 
 }KU7:d, Sax. peace. 
 
 MU'NDANE, Adj. [murdamis, I.at.] be- 
 longing to the world. 
 
 MUN'DATORY, Adj. [from mundus,Ut..] 
 having the power to cleanle. 
 
 MU'NDJC, S. a Icind oF ro^ircafitc found 
 in tin mines, and fo named in Girnwail, 
 
 MUNDIFICA'TION, S. [fmm mundus, 
 3Lat. andyiido, i-at.] the acft of clea-rifing any 
 body trom drofs or fcdimcnt. 
 
 M'JNDI'FICATIVE, Adj. [See Mundlf- 
 cat'ion] having the power tocleanfe. 
 
 To WU'NDIFY, V. A. [See Mundijicationi 
 tocleanfe, purify, or make clean. 
 
 To MUNt'RATE, V. A. [munerattim, 
 I.at.] to reward. 
 
 MUNERATION, S. a reward or recom- 
 penfe. 
 
 MU'NGRFX, S. See McPi^rcl. 
 MU'NGREi., Adj. gL-nerated between ani- 
 mals of difTereut fpccics j bafe born j dege- 
 nerate. 
 
 MUNl'CIPAL, Adj. \munkiphm, Lat.] 
 belonging to a corporation. Confined to a 
 particular city or borough, applied to laws. 
 
 ML'NFFICENCE, S. [Fr. mumfctmla, 
 Lat.] the a<n of giving money and piefeiUs, 
 or of doing acflsef liheraHty. 
 _ MUNI'FICENT, Adj. [mumfcus, Lat. J 
 Jil)eral ; generous. 
 
 MUNFflCENTLY, Adv. liberally} ge- 
 neroufly. 
 
 MU NIMENT, S. \munimenuim, Lat.] a 
 fortification, or flrong-hold ; fupport, or de- 
 fence. " With other inuruneim and petty 
 ♦' helps." Shak. 
 
 MU'NION, S. the upright port that di- 
 vides the feveral lights in a window frame j 
 ^Vcm munio, Lat. to fortify. 
 
 To MUNI'TE, V. A. [rnmUus, oi mtuik, 
 Lat.] to fortify; to ftrengthen j to defend. 
 
 MUNl'TJON, S. [Fr. n.unhw, Lat.] a 
 fortification or ftrong-ho'd. " Cuftles, gar- 
 *' n.'.jns, OTf/»;7;'o«j." HaU. Aminimition.or 
 flores for carrying on a war. " What men 
 " provided, ^'h^^t munition fent." Shak. 
 
 MU'RAGE, S. [munis, Lat. J money paid 
 for keeping walls in repair. 
 
 MU'RAL. Adj. [7Tiurans, Lat.] belonging 
 to a wall ; made in the form of a wall. 
 Mural croivn, \vas an honorary reward given 
 by the ancient Romans to the foldiers who 
 6i^t fcaled the walls of an ^imy'« dty. 
 
 M U S 
 
 MU'RDER, S, [mautur; Goth, mcnhfr, 
 wez-d't'/-, Sax.] the ait of wilful nnd feloni- 
 ously killing a perfon upon malice or forc- 
 thouolit. 
 
 Te MU'RDER, V. A. \rwna7,, Goth, 
 mort'-atic, Sclav.] tj kill a man willfully, fclo- 
 nioully, and of a malice forethoiii.ht. Fici-i- 
 rntivelj, to deflroy, or put an end to. 
 
 MU'RDERER; S. [vwrdar, Boh. ».-./- 
 derz, Pol. 7i:onhtL'yyta, Sax. J ore who kills 
 another wilfully, felonioufly, and with ma- 
 lice forethought. 
 
 MU'RDERESS, S. a woman who kills ti 
 perfoB felonioudy, wilfully, and with malice 
 torethought. 
 
 MU'RUEROUS, Adj. guilty of murder ; 
 cruel ; bloody j addidted to ftcddhig human 
 blood. 
 
 To MURE, v. A. \tnvrer, Fr.] to run up 
 or build a wall ; to inclofe or confine with- 
 in walls. " All the gates of the city were 
 "mured up." K7iolks. 
 
 JvIU'R KY, Adj. daikifh ; obfcure ; cloudy. 
 MU'Rr,1UR, S. (de.i^Tdfrom the found j 
 nnnpuive, Fr. nn^rmur, Lat.] a low rough 
 noife 5 a complaint not openly exprcflrd. 
 
 To MU'RMUR, V. N. [n.u,-77iur, fr. 
 t7ninnurD, Lat.] to mpke a low, rough found; 
 to grumble, or to utter difcontent. 
 
 MU'RMUI? ER, S. one wlw repines, grum- 
 bles, or exprefJts difcoiuent by muttering, or 
 by fome indited manner. 
 
 MU'RRAIN, S. the plague, or a difcafc 
 which kills vaft numbers of cattle. 
 
 MU'SCADEL, or PvlU'.^CA DINE, S. \fruf- 
 cat, »!ufcadd, Fr. n.ojcartcilo, Ital.] a kind of 
 fweet grape, wine, "or a confection made of 
 pears. 
 
 MUSCLE, S. [pronounced ^r.ujfd-, from 
 ■ujcek, Fr. and Sax. 77iuj':ulus, Lat.j a fkihy. 
 
 fibrouspart of thebody of an animal, and is 
 the organ or iiiflrurnent of motion. In Na- 
 tural Hiflory, a fi(h with two fliclls of a 
 dirty blujfh colour. 
 
 MU'SCULAR, Adjrffrom ;?.t/.-,v/;/j. Let.] 
 belonging to the mufclcs j performed by 
 m.eans ot the mufcks. 
 
 MU'SCULARITY, S. tlTe quality which 
 flicws thatathiogisof thenaturcof amufcle. 
 
 MU'SCULOUS, Adj [77:i,fadeux, Fr. ;««/- 
 cukfiis, Lat.] full of muffles j having large 
 and f\Aelling mufcles; brawny; belonging to, 
 or partaking of the nature of, a nnifcle. 
 
 ML'SE, S. [from the verb] deep thoughts 
 or fludy ; a clofe and intenfe application of 
 the mind to any objeft. '^ With admirntioH 
 " and deep ;«.Y/'f." Af;//. A deity, fuppof.d 
 by the heathens to prcfide over works of ge- 
 nius, and to aid tire writer in anv particular 
 branch of fciencc, when addrefltd to ; from 
 mil fa, Lat, /Jiiiura, Gr. The 777ufes were nine 
 imaginary heathen deities, I'ix. Clio, I'rania, 
 Calliope, Euterpe, Erato, Thalia, Melpo- 
 mene, Terphchore, and Polyphymni.i, fa- 
 bled t« be the Juughters of Jupiter and Mnc- 
 
 monfyne.
 
 M U S 
 
 M U S 
 
 ironfymc, sccounttJ the goJticfTcs of miiPc' light, anJ fiiJiIe fubllr.ncc, fomcv- hat af n 
 
 aiiJ poetry, 2nd the patroncflli oi' the otlur 
 liberal art* ;.nd iciences. 
 
 To MUSE, V. N. [iruQr, Fr. muy^fH 
 Beij; miip. Lit] to apply th-- mind with in- 
 tenfenels to any fubjett j to fiiiJy.cr revolve 
 in t'ae mind ; to he dbTciit of mind. 
 
 rjU'SEFUL, Adj. full of thought. 
 
 MUSER, 3. a plodding perfon j or one 
 that thinks intenfcly. 
 
 MU.SR'TTH:, S. [JtA. a dimintitive, from 
 mufa, Lat. a iong] a (hort air or fong, 
 
 ^'lUSE'UM, S. ffA,'ij-rcov, Gc. a place in 
 Athens deftintd for the fiudy of the fciences] 
 a place fet .ipart as arcpofitory for curiofities. 
 1 he Afhmolcan Mufeun) at Oxford has long 
 been in repute for its colletliins of this kind : 
 but whtn vkoconfider tlie BritilTi Mufcum, a 
 
 purplilh or blood colour, feeling fmootli y.id 
 unctuous, fmeliing hij^hly ptrfumcd, and ta(U 
 ing bitterifh : it is bro'j;;ht from Bant::m in 
 the Eafl Indies. P^^uj?., in Botany, is the grape 
 hyacinth, or grape floi»'cr. 
 'musk-apple, S. a kind of apple. 
 
 MUSK-C.VT, S. the animal which pro- 
 duces niufk. 
 
 MU:;-KET, S. f;;;.-:./;."r.', Fr.l a fi'e-arm 
 borne on tlie ftiouldcr, end ufed in war, he- 
 fore the invtntion of fire-locks, fired by the 
 appl'Caiion of a lighted match ; at prcfcnt, 
 the word is promifcuoufly ufed for a fii clock 
 or fufee, 
 
 MUSKET'EER, S. a foldicr who carries 
 a mi;Il:et. 
 
 MUSKETC'ON, S. [myfyutton, Fr.] a 
 
 repolitory lately efldblilTied by the niunifi- ( fire arm Ihorter ar.d thicker than a firelock ; 
 ccnce of parliament, in the houfe of the late a blnnderhuA 
 
 duke of IMontague, which contains all th 
 natural curiofities col!e<f^cd by Sir Hans Sloan ; 
 the ineflim ible manufcripts removed from 
 the Cottonian library, and thofe likcwife 
 collefleJ by the late e-rl of Oxford, wenniil 
 acknowledge, that it has a very formidable 
 rival. 
 
 MUSHR'.'OM, S. Imoiijferoi, Fr.] in 
 
 Botany, the cl'ampigron : u appears at fi;fl 
 
 of a roundilli form, like a button, the up- j imported from India, f^r. 
 
 per part of wliich, together with its Palk, MU'SLIN, Adj. made of muflin. 
 
 are of 3 fie!h c )Iour, but die Picfhy part, when 
 
 broken, i? very «hlte ; when lufTered to 
 
 grow imdiilurbcd, they ircreafe to a large 
 
 fjzc, expanding thcmR-Ives alm-ifi to a fl-.t- 
 
 nefs, the red part underneath changing to a 
 
 c'ark grey colour : their feeds, which were 
 
 long unknown, have, by induftrious bota- 
 
 MU'SKINESS, S. the quality or fcent of 
 mulk, 
 
 MUSKME'LON, S. a fragrant melon. 
 
 MUSK-FEAR, S. g fragrant pear. 
 
 MUSK-ROSE, 3. a role fo called from its 
 fr.'igr.mce. 
 
 MU'SKY, Adj. fragnnt ; A>.eft-fcented. 
 
 MU'SLIN, .^. [mc'-JiUirte, Fr. from n-.'.vjj'.; 
 Fr.J a fine fort of cloth made of cotton, and 
 
 " mvlnr. apron. 
 
 MU'SROL, S \muUrode, Fr.] the nofs 
 band of a horfe's bridle. 
 
 MUSSULMAN, S. [from f/ro/Trw, mofu. 
 niji:, or mof'jltr.an, Arnh.] a word ufed bv the 
 Mahommedans to fignify a true believer. 
 
 MUST, Verb. Impcrf. Iv^^gin, Beig. 
 
 nids, b^rn lately difcovered, and by that W^, I'ol ] obliged. It is of all perfuns and 
 means they have obtained a place among per- 1 tenfes, ufed of pcrfons and things, and gc- 
 fcft plants Figuratively, an upilart ; a per-' neraliy placed before a verb, 
 fon that rifes to grandeur from a mean and ] ML ST, S. [«•///;//;.•, Lat. J new wine ; new 
 poor birth. 1 'vort. 
 
 MUSHRO'OMSTONE, S. a kind ofj T o MUST, V. A. [v.i^.j. Frit, rw, Belg.] 
 fofTil, or Hone, which when watered, will > to g!\'e an ill frent or ftink to a th'ng, gene- 
 produce muihrooms. ' rally applied to csfks. To mould or make 
 
 MUSIC, S.' [miijl'yf'e, Yy. mujlcti, Lat. ! mouldy. Neuterly, to contract r-n ill fcent, 
 fjLJUTty.y^, Gr. I one of the liberal fciences, [ applied to vefiels that are not in ufe ; to grow 
 belonging to the mathematics, which confi- 1 mouldy. 
 
 tiers the number, time, and time of founds. | MU.>TA''^HES, S. \rKr,ufijcle, Fr. mifac- 
 \r\ order to make ddi;.httul harmony; the](;5, Ital.] whifkers or hair growing on the 
 art .■>£ figging, and playii''g upon all fuits of | upper !'p. 
 mulicai inllruments. j MU'ST^R'O, S. ^r-uj^a-tf, Tr\x. nutarJe^ 
 
 Ml''iiICAL, Adj. fFr.] hirmonions : I Fr.] a plant producing a fmall and warm 
 l^iunding fo as to raife an agreeable fenf.ition; I feed •, a kind offauce made of th.e flour of 
 hci.)noing to mufc. muftard feed mixed with water, d. 
 
 MU'sfcALLy,Adv.harnr.or.:oully;fwcet- To MU'STER, V. A. Uujlem, Belg.] 
 Jy fonndin" to revie'v an army ; to colle(ft or bring toge- 
 
 MU'SIC.ALNES^, S. the qualiiyof found- thcr with diligence. Neuterly, to aflemble, 
 in" fuet tlv, harmonioufly, rr melo.'fiouflv. in order to form an army. 
 
 ^lU'Slc'.'IAV, S. iiri'f !c-n, ¥r. w'ljtri/.', MU'STE^l, S. the aa of reviewing an ar- 
 Laf.l one (killed in h.irmony ; or one who| my ; a t;egifter of forces that are reviewed or 
 pl.iyis OH any mufical initrument. j miiflered ; a codeiftion. " A tnu/lir of pca- 
 
 A:U5K, S. [»,:'/:■, Fr. mujUio, Itil.j a dry,; " cocks." To ;afs m::Ji:r, lignifi-s^ to be 
 
 ^.dmittcd
 
 M U T 
 
 sJinitted or allowed. This phrafe Is ofed in 
 compoliti n. 
 
 iViU'STER-BOOK, S. a liook in which 
 the names of every folJicr is regiilered. 
 
 MU'STER-MASTP.R, S. one that takes 
 an account of e. ery rej^iment, and obfcives 
 thdt no fiar.ds be commuted in the return of 
 the n itr.cs at a iniiflLr. 
 
 MU'STER-ROLL, S. a regiller or lift of 
 forces. 
 
 MU'STILY, Adv. [from w;//7y] with an 
 ill fcent. 
 
 MU'STINESS, S. [from nwfy] the 4ua- 
 Jity of giving a bad icent. 
 
 MUS'J'Y, Adj. [from mujl the verb.] 
 mouldy, fpoiled witli dampncfs; ill-fcented ; 
 fule, or fpoiled with age. Figuratively, 
 dt;ll; heavy j wanting adlivity or experience. 
 
 MUTABI'LITY,"S. [mutabdiu', Fr. mii- 
 tchUi'as, Lat.J the quality of not continuing 
 long in the fime flatc. Tnconfldncy or fickle- 
 nefs, applied to the mind. 
 
 MU'TABLE, Adj [Fr. tnutalilh, Lat.] 
 fubjecl: to change, or alteration ; inconflant, 
 fickle, «r nnfettlcd. 
 
 MU'rABLRNfcS% S. the quality of 
 changing foon or often. 
 
 MUTATION, S. [Fr. mutatio, Lat.] the 
 aft: of changing or altering. 
 
 MUTE, Adj. [n:vct, Fr. mutus, Lat.] fi- 
 lent; not ha', iiig the ule of voice or fpeecii j 
 imabie to Ay any thing. 
 
 MUTE, S. oiie that cannot fpeak. In 
 grammar,a letter which cannot be pronounced 
 when by itfelf when before a liquid, or with- 
 out a vowel. B, C, D, F, G, J, K, P, t^ 
 T, V, are mutes in the Englilh alphabet. 
 
 MU' FELY, Adv. in a hleut manner ; 
 without fpccch. 
 
 To MUTILATE, V. A. [mutihr, Fr. j 
 to deprive of fonie efiential part or limb. 
 
 MU'TILAFION, [Fr. miidath, Lat.] 
 the lofs of any cllcntial part or limb. 
 
 MUriNE'ER, S. a pcrfon that cnufes, 
 «r joins ii;, an inA.ur>.(flion. 
 
 MU'TINOUS, Adj. {muun, Fr.l fcditious; 
 caufing, or taking parr in, an infmreclion j 
 refiding lawful authority. 
 
 MUTINOUSLY, Adv. Ln a feditious 
 manner. 
 
 MU'TINOUSNESS, .S. the quality of cau- 
 fing infurre(ftIons, or difobeying lawful au- 
 thority. 
 
 To MU'TINY, V. N. {,mnincr, Fr.] to 
 life againll or refill perfons in authority ; to 
 Caufc fedijion. 
 
 MU'TINY, S. the a^ of refirting lawful 
 antliority ; fcditioii. 
 
 To MUnFR, V. A. \mut:3, Lr.t.] tn 
 grumble ; to utter difcontent with a low and 
 alniort inarticulate voice. Aiftivcly, to utter 
 dilcontcnt in an impe;fc<fl manner. 
 
 MUTTF.R, S a Uiurmur ; or the a<ft of 
 ovpiefli'ig difcuiitfiu in X low and alaiafl in- 
 
 M Y R 
 
 articulate voice. 
 
 MU'Tl ERER, S. ona that utters di'fcon- 
 tent in a low and almoU iiiarticuiate voice. 
 
 MU'Tl ERINGLY, Adv. expreffing dif- 
 content with a low and injirticulate voice. 
 
 MU'TTON, S. {niouton, ¥\. vta.Ucnc, Jtal.] 
 the flelh of Ihecp. In ludicrous language, 
 ufed for a ihecp. 
 
 MUTUAL, Adj [;>ra^t-<r/, Fr.»;i//«.'5, Lat.] 
 reciprocal j aftin^in fuch a manner as to per- 
 form the fame acftion by tmn.s. 
 
 MUTUALLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to perform the fame acflion ; in return ; 
 reciprcjCally. 
 
 MU i UA'LITY, S. reciprocatic^n ; return. 
 
 MUZZLE, S. \iniifiau, Fr. n;u,'co, Ital. n:u- 
 jel, Arm. J the mouth of any thiiig ; a faden- 
 ingof leathern thongs, ufed to hinder a dog 
 or other animal from biting. 
 
 To MU'ZZLE, V. N. to bring the mouth 
 nearer ; to mouth. " The bear tnuzzlcz and 
 " fmeHs to him." UFfiian. A(flively, to 
 bind the mouth. 
 
 MY, I'ron. Pofleriive. ^Vl)en the fubftan- 
 tive follows, we uk my, and when it goes be- 
 fore, tnhe, as likcvwie in ar.fwtring a quef- 
 tion J as, " This is my book."— This book 
 " is mine.'" Whofe book is this ? Anfwer, 
 mine ; that which be ongs to me, or is my 
 piopcrty. 
 
 MYO'CRAPHY, S, [ir. m [xiq-Miy^a^co, 
 Gr.] a difciiption of the mufcies. 
 
 MYO'LOGY, S. \ fjLxr/.- cy.a, Gr.] the dc 
 fcription and do(ftrinc of the mufchs. 
 
 MYO'PS, S. a pcrfim who is Ihcrt fghted; 
 or one V ho fees diftHnc olijccfts contiifcdiy, 
 and nc'.r ones diinniflly. 
 
 MYO'HY, S. [Ste%i/i]fhoi-tnefs of fight. 
 
 MY'RIA.D, .S. {K,yty<f'd, Hiit. f/oj.:.?, Gr. j 
 the number of ten choufand. F'igurjtivcly, 
 any very great number. 
 
 M Y';< MIDON, S. [iJ.v^/xr^cTi, Gr. a people 
 in TluTljly, fo called from a t'abulous fug- 
 gcflion of their having been metamorpholed 
 originally from c^nts, and by JTomer reprefent- 
 ed as the companions of Achilles] any mad 
 ruffian. 
 
 jTY'ROBALAV, S. [,ryrohaIanus, Lat.] a 
 dried fruit, having a flone, kernel, and pulp 
 of an auHcre and acrid tade, and imported 
 from the Eaft Indies. 
 
 MYRRH, S. [wytrhc, Fr. nynba, Lat. 
 from jf-yfM, Gr.] ?. vegetable produft of the 
 gum and rofin kind, of a reddifli brown co- 
 lour, with more or lefs of an admixture of 
 yellow; its talte is bitter and acrid, its fmell 
 Orong : it is brought from Ethiopia, but the 
 tree wliich produces it, is unknown. 
 
 MY'RRHINE, Adj. {tvynLirus, Lat.] 
 made of myrrhine done, in great repute a- 
 m^ng the ancient Romans, but at prefcnt 
 unknown to us. 
 
 MYRTLE, S. [«;■"/.•. ^ L'.t. »rv'.", Fr.] 
 a low fragrar.t flirub with liriill leaves. 
 
 MY 'SELF,
 
 M Y T 
 
 MY'SELF, aveciprocal pronoun [Trom mw-' 
 fylfcs. Sax. i-:ijj:!f'in, Gotli.] wfed by a petfon 
 to lliew that d thing is done or meant ot'him 
 only, exchifive of any o:her. 
 
 MYSTA'GOGUh, S. myf.agopis, Lat.] 
 fjiVTaytayi^, Gr.] one who intsrpictes divine 
 myfterics ; one that keeps relics, and (hews 
 them to (tranr^ers. 
 
 MYSTE'RJARCH, S. [/xy,-n;i3v, and flf- 
 ^rt, Gr.] one who prefides over myfteries. 
 
 MYSTt'RIOUS, Adj. [nrijlokux, Fr.] 
 rot to be comprehenJed or difcover^d by the 
 human undcrlbiidtng ; artfully perplexed. 
 
 MYSTERIOUSLY, Adv. in a manner 
 not to be difcovered by realon, or to be com- 
 prehended by the uiidcrftanding ; in an ob- 
 ilure, or perplexed manner. 
 
 MYSTE'RJOUSNESS, S. that quality 
 which renders any truth or dofflrine above the 
 difcovery of reafon, or comprehenTion of the 
 undcrflanding. 
 
 MY'STERY, S. \,p.\J}a-e, Fr. fJiv^w.v, Gr.] 
 in its primary fcnfe, oiiginally nfed for fome 
 facred rite or uofrrinc, communicated only 
 to a few chofen perfons by tiie ancient priefts. 
 Sorrre do(flrine hidden or concealed, and cither 
 ■wholly or partly unknown, till revealed j a 
 do<flrinc fo far ihove our icafon that we arc 
 incapable of comprehending it ; a doflrine, 
 concerning which our ideas are inadequate j 
 any thing artfully made difficult ; a trade or 
 calling : in the lafl fcnfe it fhould bo written 
 wljlerv ; from metier, Fr. v.'ijliero, Ital. 
 
 MY'STIC, or MY'STICAL, Adj. {nuftU 
 eus, Lat.] obfcure ; not eafily comprehended 
 by the nnderflanding ; emblematical, or in- 
 cluding fome fecond or lecret meaning under 
 the form of a pifture. 
 
 MY'STlC.-iLLY, Adv. in a manner which 
 conveys fome'fecret meaning. 
 
 MY'STICALNESS, S. the ftate of con- 
 veying fome fecret meaning. 
 
 MYTHOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from ,?!yi/:e- 
 hgy] relating to the application or explana- 
 tion of fabulous hiftory. 
 
 MYTHOLO'GlCALLY.Adv. in a man- 
 ner fuitable to the application or fyltem of 
 fables. 
 
 MYTHO'LOGIST, S. one who explains 
 the fables of the ancient heathens. 
 
 To N;YTH0 LOGIZE, V. A. to relate or 
 explain the fables or fabuloi'.s hiftorics of the 
 beathen 
 
 MYTHO'LOGY, S. [(xvZo;, and \oyci;, 
 Gr.] a fyflem of fables ; an explanation of 
 the fables or fabulaus hlftory of the ancient 
 heathens. 
 
 N 
 
 NAH:]u;dcoHfonant,andfem!-vo\vel; 
 the tliirteetitii letter in the Engiiili 
 ^ alpli.ibet, having an invariable 
 found ; afiiT ;r it ii almollleit', ■*& in ardcmn. 
 
 NAM 
 
 The Hebrews call it their J nun N, which figni» 
 fies a child, it being derived from iQ mem, their 
 M, as is evident byconddcring them placed 
 toj^ether : ^1: in the fame manner our 
 fmall n is foin;ed from the fmall m by on)it- 
 ting tlie \a\\ flroke. From the capital N, 
 which is the fame in the Creek, Latin, Gothic, 
 and iinxcm alphabets, the fmall n of the Gi eeks 
 feems to be foinud, by the omiflion of the 
 iirft firoke of the capital, as n v, and in the 
 fame manner may we trace the fhape of the 
 Runic capital, which, on the contrary, is 
 termed from the omidion of the laft firoke of 
 tiie Greek capital. In compofition before an 
 /, b, />, and w;, the n is frequently changed in- 
 to an ri, and before an / and ;• into an / and 
 r, according to tlie cullom of the Romans, 
 as illich, for it: licet j intprej'T, for ir.prefs ; 
 irreverent, for ime-verent. when ufed for a 
 numeral, N /lands for 600, and with a dafli 
 over it thus N for f coo. In the abreviatnres 
 it is likewifc iifid for rmmero or number j as 
 Ko. V. i, e. number 5. 
 
 To NAB, V. A. \n!:ppe, Swed.] to catck 
 or fcize uncxpedtedly. 
 
 N. B. [acontracflion for «c.'^ he7ie'\ mark 
 well J take notice ; obferve. 
 
 NA'DER. S. [Arab.] in Agronomy, that 
 point in the heavens diametrically oppolite to 
 our feet. 
 
 NAG, S. [w.T^/y.-, Belg. nichel, Teut.] a 
 fmall or young horfe. In familiar language, 
 a horfe. 
 
 NAIL, S. [r.cgl. Sax.] in Anatomy, a kind 
 of horny fuLilaiice growing upon the ends of 
 the fingcis and toes; talons or horny fub- 
 rtance growing at the extremity of the toes of 
 birds and bcalls ; a /"pike of metal with a 
 Iharp point, and flimctimes a flat head, ufed 
 to fallen things together ; a (lud or bofs j 
 a meafure containing two inches and a half. 
 — On the nail, implies immediately; or with- 
 out delay. " V\ e want our money »n the 
 " «j/7." Sivift. 
 
 To NAIL, V. A. to faften any thing 
 with fmall fpikes of iron called nails i to flud 
 with nails. 
 
 NAI'Li R, S. one who forges nails j a 
 nail maker. 
 
 NA'KED, Adj. [naced, racod. Sax.] with- 
 out cloaths, or any covering. Figuratively, 
 unarmed ; defencelefs ; unprovided. Plain, 
 evident, or without difnuife, applied-to trutlv 
 Mere ; bare ; abflra(ftcd j without any addi- 
 tional circum fiances. 
 
 NA'KEDLY, Adv without cloaths, cover- 
 ing, or difguife ; in a fimple or abftrafled 
 manner; merely; barely; evidently. 
 
 NA'KFDNESS, S. the flate of a perfon 
 without cloaths, or covering; plainncfs; evi- 
 dence ; freedom from difguife, 
 
 NALE, S. \7u^al, 111. J an awl made ufe 
 of by cuUar-makers. 
 
 NAME, S. \r,air.\, Gotli. vamo. Sax. rcnie, 
 Ital. r.itr.cnf Lat. J a ward made ufe of to ex- 
 
 prefs
 
 N A R 
 
 prcfs fome idea ; a word ufed to diftingui'fh a 
 perfon ti cm ethers ot" the fame fpccics ; a 
 perlbn ; reputa'.ion,orcl)ara<n:er; renovvn ; ho- 
 nour, or glory j memory, or remembrance ; 
 power given to a perfon to aci for another ; 
 appearance, or an afRmied charailer, "In 
 " the vame of Brook." ^'hak. 
 
 To NAME, V. A. [naman, Sax. }iopim€r,¥T. 
 ticmiKO, Lat.] to applya wordconiiantly todif- 
 tinguilh a perfon or thing from others ; to 
 mention the word applied to any bdng ; to 
 fpecifyor diflinguifh by mentioning the word 
 applied to exprcfs any perfou or idea ; to 
 utter or mention 
 
 NA'MELESS, Adj. [nan^Uas, Sax.] hav- 
 ing no word by which it may be expicHed ; 
 One whofe name is not known or exprelled. 
 
 NA'MELY, Adv. [naeKrui, ml m/icb,l^cig. \ 
 particularly; fpecially ; to mention byname. 
 
 NA'MER, S. one that calls or knows any 
 perfon or thing by name. 
 
 NA'MESAKE, S. one that has the fame 
 name with another. 
 
 NAP, S. [ki:ji>pian. Sax.] a flumber, or 
 fiiort fltep ; the fotcor downy part of woollen 
 cloth which rifts above the Ihoot ; from 
 kr,:fpa. Sax. 
 
 To NA?, V. N. to lleep ; to be drowfy ; 
 to be in a ftate of fceming fecuriry. 
 
 NA'PTAKING, S. a furprize, or unex- 
 pe^ed fciziire and attack. " Na^takings af- 
 ** faults." Carnu. 
 
 NAPE, S. the joint of the reck behind. 
 
 NA'PTHA, S. [va^e«, Gr.] a very pure, 
 clear, and thiu mineral fluid, of the bitumi- 
 nous kfnd, of a very pale yellow, with a cafl 
 «f brown j it is found floating on the waters 
 of fprings ; and is principally ufed externally 
 in paralytic cafes. 
 
 NA'PKIN, S. fa diminutive from nappe, 
 Fr. r.apfa, Ital.J linen ufed at table to lay in 
 the lap and wipe the hand.s. 
 
 NA'PLESS, Adj. wanting a nap ; worn 
 threadbare. 
 
 - NA'PPINESS, S. [from naify\ the (juali- 
 ty of having a nap. 
 
 NAVPY, Adj. {q. d. fuch as will caufe 
 perfons to take a nap] plcalant and (Irong 
 malt liquor. " With napp-^ beer." Gay. 
 
 NA'RCOSIS, S. [Gr.] a privation of Icnfe, 
 as in a palfey, or by taking opium. 
 
 NARCC'l'IC, Adj. [vapxiwcric, Gr.] procu- 
 ringfleep; flupifying; orcai-fing (tupefadtion. 
 
 NARCO'TJCS, S. [vaf!«,wa, Gr.] medi- 
 cines which take away the fenfes, or tlupify. 
 
 NARD, S. {r.ardus, Lat. vajJoc, Gr.j'a 
 fragrant ointment, called fpikenard j a fwcct- 
 fcentcd fliriib. 
 
 NAR'RABLK, Adj. [from rarro, Lat.j 
 capable of being told or related. 
 
 To NAR RATE, V. A. [narratui, from 
 narro, Lat. i to tell (sr relate. 
 
 NARRA'TION, S. [Fr. narredo, Lat.] 
 an account, relation, hlltory, or dcfcription 
 of any a(ftion, or feries of actions. 
 
 NAT.. 
 
 NA'RRATIVE, Adj. [r.aryadf, Harrr<'k-^^ 
 Fr.] relating ; giving an account of a fd<fl or 
 feries of fuels as they happened ; fond-of tel- 
 ling Ilorics, o-r relating things paft. " Nar- 
 " rativc old age." Popt\ 
 
 NA'RRATIVE, S. a relation ; an account, 
 or recital of a fact ?.s it has happened. 
 
 NA'RRATIVELY, ^dv. by way of nar- 
 rative. 
 
 NARRA'TOR, S. [>iarrateur, Fr.] one 
 that relates any fa^. 
 
 To NARRIFY, V. A. to rehearfc or re- 
 late any fdcl ; to be fond of teling Ibries, 
 or of relating pafi: fafts, ** I ever uanify'd 
 " my friends." Shak. 
 
 NA'RROW, Adj. [vein-tii}, r.^arc. Sax.] 
 h;.ving hut fmall breadth ; containing but a 
 fniall diflance from one extreme to another. 
 Short, applied to time. Niggardly, or cove- 
 tous, applied to the mind. Gontradied ; of 
 confined fentiments ; ungenerous ; near, or 
 within a fmall difcnce. " Mifs'd fo r^jn'ow." 
 Dryd. Clofe ; vigilant ; attentive. '< Witb 
 " K-jrysw ftarch," Mib. _ 
 
 To NA'RROW, V. A. {near-wUn, Sax. J 
 to lelien the breadth or widenefs of a thing ; 
 to Gontrddt or uiorten the fpace between any 
 two things. 
 
 NA'RROWLY, Adv. with fmall or fhort 
 fpace between the lides, or little breadth ; con- 
 tra<ftediyj without extent or generofity of 
 fencimcnt ; clofely «r attentively ; fcarcely ; 
 in an avaricious or niggardly manner. 
 
 NA'RROWNESS, S. thequality ofhaving 
 its extremities at a fmall didancc from cadi 
 other. Vv'ant of extent or genc.-ofity, applied' 
 to fentiments, or the mind. Meanncfs, po- 
 verty, or a flate of un.eafinefs, applied to con- 
 dition or fortune. Want of capacity, appliciJ 
 to the underftanding. 
 
 NA'SAL, Adj. [»a/Ij, Lat.] belonging to 
 the nofe. In Grammar, pronounced tlirough 
 the nofe. 
 
 NA'SICORNOUS, Adj. [from ««/■«?, Lat, 
 and cornuy Lac'.] having a horn at the qofc, 
 '• Naf.cornoui beetles." Brov-'n. 
 
 N.A'STY, Adj. ['naf:i,T:cMX.gnciJty, Pol.] 
 raifing difgiift and loathing from dirt ; naufe- 
 ous ; filthy, Figuratively, obfcenc or lewd, 
 applied to language. 
 
 NA'STJLY, Adv; in fuch a dirty, filthy, 
 or polluted manner, as to raiie nauieoufncfs. 
 
 NA'bTINESS, S. the quahty of being lb 
 dirty and filthy as to raife naufeoufnefs. Ob- 
 fcenity, grodhefs, applied to vxordsand ideas. 
 
 NA'T AL, Adj. [Fr. naralh, Lat.] native; 
 the place in which, or day when, a pcifon 
 was bCrn. 
 
 NATA'TlON, S. [r.atauo, "Lii.] ike 3ia 
 offwimming. ^* in natation, the arms an J 
 " legs move l)oth together." Bioivn. 
 
 N.'\'THLESS. Adv. [«d/n, naihtlci, noht, 
 tbonJces, Sax.] nevcrthelcfs j not*ithrtanding; 
 not the Isfs. " Nathhji he fo cndur'd." Par. 
 Loji, 
 
 NA'TiON,
 
 Nat 
 
 N A V 
 
 NA'TION, S. [Fr nam, Lst.] a confi({er- 
 aMe number uf f>t-ople inhabiting a certain 
 extent »f ground, and under tlie fame go- 
 vc) nnient ; a Government or kingdom 
 
 NA'TlONrtL, Adj. ( Fr.] public, general, 
 oppofed to private or particular ; higotted to 
 one's country ; confined to a particular coun- 
 try. 
 
 NA'TIONALLY, Adv. as a nation ; ge- 
 nerally 
 
 NA'TIONALNESS, S. referrence to a 
 people in gesural 
 
 NA'TIVE, Adj. ["otif, native, Fr. natl-vus, 
 Lat. ] {produced by nature; natural, oppofed 
 to artificial ; agreeable to nature ; belonging 
 to the time or place of a perfon's birth ; ori- 
 ginal, or that from which a thing is made 
 originally or at firft. " I mult return to 
 *♦ nari've du't." Par. Loft. 
 
 OJ- that by wliich it is didingutfl^eJ from all 
 other. " Mall participating of both natures," 
 Hak. T he eddbliQicd order and coLirfc of .r.a- 
 tcrial things; theleriesoffccondcaufes, crthe 
 laws wbichGod hasimpreOedon m-itter. "My 
 " end — was wrought by nature " Shak. 1 he 
 conHitution, or lh aggregate of the powers of 
 art animal body. " Nature being oppreflcd." 
 ^/rjk. 1 he iicfiion of Providence or that fpi- 
 ritual power diffufed throughout the creation, 
 which moves and acts in all bodies, and gives 
 them certain properties: this, though by the 
 ancients held to be a caufe diltindt from the 
 Deity, or afting together with him, is no other 
 thun God, ' he ft rft caufe of all things, and the 
 prefcrver and ruler of all the pha:nomena of 
 nature. Figuratively, difpofition of mind, or 
 temper. " Whofe nature is fo far trom doing 
 " harm." Shak. Natural affe(ftion and rever- 
 
 KA'TIVE, S. one born in any place; an J ence, or the principles implanted in us by the 
 original inhabitant ; offspring. I l.~'eity. " Have we not feen the fun — through 
 
 NA' I'iVFNESS, S. the quality of being " violated nature force his way." Pfe. Sort, 
 produced by nature, oppofed to artificial. ! kind, cr fpecies. " A difpute of this na?!/ie." 
 
 NATI'VITY, S. [nati-vite, Fi.j birth ; '^ Dry d. Natural philofophy, cr th' true fyflem 
 time, place, or manner of birth ; the llate or | of the phenomena of nature. '■' Nature ar\i 
 place of licino produced. " Thefe in their j " nature's laws lay hid in night." Pope. 
 " dark rati-vitf Ihall fhelter US " Milt. \ NA'Tl'RITY, S. li^ Q-te or tjuality of 
 
 NA'TURAL, Adj. [yatr/re/, Fr.] produced i being pioduced by n;iture. " Wjiat we deny 
 or effefted by nature. In Law, illegitimate ; 1 " unto i:uture,\\e impute to naturity." Bro-ivn. 
 begotten by parents not joined in wedlock. | NA'VAL, Adj. [Fr. rai;(?.7s, Lat.J coh- 
 Befto\ied by nature, applied to the faculties ; fifting of fliips ; belonging to fhips. 
 ©f the mind. Liiifftcttd ; according to truth NAVE, S. [Bclg. and Teut. Wii^, Sax.] ' 
 and leahty. Proceeding from natural c.iufes, | the middle part of a wheel in which the 
 oppofed to violent. '• A ratura! Ac^th." | axle moves, and the fpo';es arc fixed ; the 
 NA' i'URAL, S. a perfon who has not the I middle or body of a church j from na-visj 
 ufe of reafon Ina-ve, old Fr. 
 
 NA'TL'RALISM, S, the do(!lrine which VA'VEL, S. {rafel, rafd. Six.] a point 
 fccout t; for the phenomena, and creation ot | in the middly of the belly, by which infa.ots 
 
 the world trom the operation of nature, ex- 
 ■tlulive of a iupreme intelligent creator, fe- 
 paratc from, and the author of, matter. 
 
 NA'TIRALIST, S. a perlon who fludies 
 the wcrks of nature, and is verfed in their 
 properties, excellencies, and hiftory. 
 
 NATURALIZA'TION,S.thea6t of giv- 
 ing aliens or foreigners the privileges of na- 
 tives and fuhjefts. 
 
 To NATURALIZE, V. A. toadoptlnto 
 a community, or invelt with the privileges of 
 native fubjttls ; to familiarize ; to make eafy, 
 as if taught by nature. " Cuflom has natu- 
 " raUxeH his labour to him." South. 
 
 NA'TURALLY,Adv.withoutinftruaion, 
 or being taught ; by the impulfes of unaffifted 
 nature ; according to nature ; without affec- 
 tation ; fpontaneoufly. 
 
 NATURALNESS. S. the (late of being 
 gi'-'cn or produced by nature; conformity to 
 initli, realiry, or the nature of things. 
 
 NATURE, S. [Fr. natura, Lat.J the fyf- 
 tern of the world ; the machine of the uni- 
 vcrfe, the aflemblage of all created beings. 
 " Molt bciuiiful things in nature." Glan-v. A 
 dirtinct fpecies or kind of being. "Human 
 '■'natur:." iliCcfitatial froperties of a thing, 
 
 communicate with, and btfcre thtir birth 
 are nourilhcd by, their motheis. Figura- 
 tively, the inward part or middle. " Within 
 " the ?/<Ji;c/of tliis hideous v\ood." Milt. 
 
 NA'VELWORT, S. a plant which grows 
 on olds walls; and reftmbles houlleek. 
 
 NaU'FRAGE, S. Ir.aufrar.um, Lat.J 
 Ihipwreck. 
 
 NAUGHT, Adj. [Tiaht, nanoht, noiviht. 
 Sax. j bad ; worthlefs. " Thy fifter''s«flag-/o/.'* 
 Shak. 
 
 NAU'GHTILY, Adv. badly ; vicioufly ; 
 wickedly ; corruptly. 
 
 NAU'GHTINESS, S. \nahtne(f.; Sax.] 
 depravity ; a flight degree of w-ickednefs. 
 
 NAU'GHTY, Adj. [See Naught] bad; 
 doing any thing vicious or amifs. 
 
 NAVl'CULAR, Adj. \nafici,laire, Fr. 
 tta-vicularis, Lat.] formed like a Ihip, ap- 
 plied to the third bone in each foot, fitu- 
 ated between the altragalus and offa cunei- 
 formia. 
 
 NA'VIGABLE, Adj. [Fr. na-vigalUliy 
 Lat.] Capable of being pafled by ifiips or boats. 
 
 NA'VIGABLENESS, S. Uie qu.ility of 
 being caprible to be pafled by fhips or boats. 
 
 To NA'VIGATE, V. N. [ravigatus^ 
 I Lit.J
 
 N E A 
 
 Lat.l to fail; to pifs in a veflil. A^ive'y, 
 to pafs over in a [hip or boat. 
 
 Navigation, s, [Fr.] the aa or 
 
 praf^ice of paffing by water ; the art or acfl 
 of conduifiing any vefle' by water from one 
 place to another, the fhorteft, fafcft, and 
 inoft commodious way. 
 
 NAVIGATOR, S fMi'igata/r, Fr.] a 
 failor, or peifon who pafTes from one place to 
 another by water ; one that works a fh'p. 
 
 To NAU'SEATE, V. A. [rajz/vito, f a^. 
 from r.iiufeo, Lat.J to loath ; to reject with 
 difi^ufl ; to flrike or affedt with loathing. 
 
 NAU'SEOUSLY, Adv. in fiich a manner 
 as to ciufe loathing or difgiif}. 
 
 NAUSEOl'SNESS, S. \he quality which 
 caufes loathing and difguft. 
 
 NAUTIC, or NAUTICAL, S. ^nau- 
 ticus, Lat.] belonging to f;;iling or failors. 
 
 NAUTILUS, S. [Lat. ttjuti/c, Fr.] a 
 ITiell-fifh, in the Mediterranean, which 
 changes its place with fomcthing relciu- 
 bling oars and a fail. 
 
 NA'VY.S. [rai'/f, Lat.] a fleet or cuUec- 
 tion of fhips, generally applied to men of war. 
 
 NAY, Adj. [rere, Sax. i.e. nc. Sax. fii, Fr. 
 and nier, Fr.J a w^d ufed to imply denial or 
 refufal ; what is ftill more ufed in amplifica- 
 tion. " Yea, when abfcnt j r.ay, when dead." 
 J?. yt,htif^,n. 
 
 NAYW'ORD, S. a refnfal. " However 
 " you lejti to the tiayivord." Skak. A by- 
 worc' or proverb. " If I do n. t gull him 
 ** into a najtvo'd." SLai. A watch word. 
 *' We have a nuyivord to know one ano- 
 '« ther." Sbtik. 
 
 To NEAL, V. A. [anccelan, celan, Sax,] 
 to temper by heating and cooling gradually. 
 Neuterly, to be tempered by fire. 
 
 NEa'p, Adj. [pcapfood. Sax.] low ; dc- 
 creafing, applied only to the tide, and fome- 
 limes ufed as a fiibllantive. 
 
 NEAR, Prep, \pana. Sax.] at a fmail 
 didance from ; clofe to. 
 
 NEAR, Adv. almort at hand ; not far off. 
 After ?9, not to want much, or not far off 
 " It will^o near to ruin him." SpiSlator. 
 
 NEAR, Adj not far off; advanced to- 
 wards the tT'i. of a detign or undertaking ; 
 affi?<f>ing; dear. " Of fo great and nur 
 " co-^cernment." Lccke. Inclining to cove- 
 toufncfs. " A near man." 
 
 NE'ARLY, Adv. at no great diftance ; 
 affcdingly ; prefTint;ly ; clofely, ufed with 
 ccncem. In a niggardly manner. 
 
 NEA'RNESS, S. the quality of being at a 
 fmal! dif>ance, or alniort clofe to, applied to 
 Htuation, Alliance of blood or uff.<flion, ap- 
 plied to relations or friends. 1 oo great care 
 of money, applied to exper.cc. 
 
 NH.AT, S [n.-flf. Sax. riaut. Id. and Scot.] 
 blade cattle and oxen, ufed coiki^ively ; a 
 cow. 
 
 NEAT, Adj. [net, Fr.] made with tkill 
 and clcgiuce, but void cither of fplcndor er 
 
 NEC 
 
 dignity ; cleanly. In Trade, pure ; unadul- 
 terated , not fpoilcd by foreign mixtures. 
 Neat or na produEl, is that which is gained 
 aftei all expences are paid. 
 
 NEATHERD, S. [r,catbyrd. Sax.] one 
 that keeps black caitle. 
 
 NEA' TLY, Adv. in a cleanly manner ; in 
 fuch a manner as difcovers fkill' and elcg.mce, 
 free fiom pomp, and without dignity. 
 
 NEATNESS, .<>. fprucenefs ; elegance 
 without pomp, affeifratioij, or dignity ; the 
 quality of being free from aduiieration or 
 foreign mi.Ktures. 
 
 NE'BULA, S. [Lat.] an appearance like 
 a cloud in a human body; a film on the eye. 
 
 Nf.'BULOUS, Adj. \nehulojin, Lat.] niilty} 
 cloudy. 
 
 NE'CESSARIFS, S. [from r.eceffury^ fach 
 thing'; as a perfon cannot live without ; things 
 necelfiry for the fnpport of life. 
 
 NE'CfSSARILY, Adv. [from neceffury^ 
 indifpenfibly ; by inevitable confequence. 
 
 NE'QPSSARINESS, S. that quality of a 
 thing whic!) renders it fuch, that it cannot 
 be widiout it. 
 
 NE'CESSARY, Adj. {neceJjuWc, Fr. nc- 
 ccJJ'aTius, Lat.] that which mufl be indif- 
 penfibly done or granted; that without which 
 a thing cannot exift; not free; fatal; im- 
 pelled by an irrefidible principle ; conclufive ; 
 following by inevitable confequence. 
 
 To NECL'SSITATE, V. A. [from ne- 
 cejjitas, Lax.] to make neceflary ; to deprive 
 ot freedom or choice ; to compel by irre- 
 fiflible force. 
 
 NECES->ITATIOV, S. theaftof m^.k- 
 ing neceflary, or compelling in fuch a man- 
 ner as cannot be refifled 
 
 NECE'SSITOUS, Adj. opprefled with 
 want or poverty. 
 
 NECE'SSITOUSNESS, 3. poverty; want 
 of fuch things as are elTential to the fupport 
 of life. 
 
 NECE'SSirUDE, S. {nuejjltudo, Lut.] 
 want; need. 
 
 NECE'SSITY, S. [v.ecejf.tas, Lat ] irie- 
 fiftible power; the flate of being free fiom 
 difpenfation or choice ; a ftate of poverty, 
 or want of thofe things winiout which life 
 Cannot be Aipported ; irrefiflibic force of 
 argnments, or inevitable confequence. 
 
 NECK, S. \r.tci:a, hnecca, Sax. rtscke, 
 Teut.] that part of the body which fupports 
 the head, and is between it and the body : a 
 long narrow pait. '* A nffi of land." Ea^-on^ 
 
 NE'C K-CLOTH, S. a piece of linen 
 worn by a man round his neck. 
 
 NE'CKLACE, S. a firing of beads or 
 jewels worn by way of ornament round a 
 woman's neck. 
 
 NE'CRO'-4ANCER,S. [from vfxfef and 
 f.i.ayltxc;, Gr.] one that cojivcrfes with ghorts, 
 or reveals future and fccret things by means 
 of the dead ; a conjuror. 
 
 NE'CROMANCY, S. [Sec AKromencir] 
 U u the
 
 N E G 
 
 N E I 
 
 the art of revealing future events by convcr-l fal,oppo''eJ to coiifcnt. The abfcnce of that 
 fing with the dead ; enchantment. which does not nitturally beton;; to the tiling 
 
 NECTAR, S. [vExlap, Gr] a liquor we are fpeaking of, or which has no vi^ht, 
 fcicned by the poets ro be the drink of tlicl obligation, or necelhty to be prefciit with it : 
 goij., ; and that v.'hocver drank of it ftiould as when a <lonc i-> inanimate, blind, or deaf, 
 become immortal. NE'GATlVb-, Adj. \nejatif, Fr. nc^afi- 
 
 NE'CT \REO, Adj. tinged, mingled, or -vies, Lat.] denying, oppoied to affirming. Jm- 
 abounding with ncfldr. ply'"8 ''"-' abfenceof fomcthinfl; having the 
 
 NE'C . AROUS, Adj. iffembling nectar j r power to with-hold, though not to compel, 
 as fweet :< neift.^r. NE'CAflVE. S. a propofition by wh c)i 
 
 NE'CTARINE, S. fFr. pronounced «f- fomcthing is denied. In Grammar, a parti- 
 trifte] a delicious fiuii of the plumb or peach cle made uie of to imply denial j as, ras. 
 
 kind. 
 
 NEED, S. r«cW, nyJ, Sax.] a prcfllng 
 difficulty ; want ; dilh'cfsful poverty ; want 
 of any thing ufcfiil or ferviceable. 
 
 To NEED, V. A. to want or require; 
 to be in want of. Neuterly, to be wanted, 
 or ncceOary- 
 
 NEE'DER, S. one that wants, or cannot 
 do without a thing. 
 
 NEE'DFUL, Adj. neceflary; not to be 
 done without; ind'.fpeiifjbly requilite. 
 
 NEE'DFULLY, Adv. in luch a manner 
 as to be ncccdary. 
 
 NEE'DFULNESS, S. the quality of being 
 nectfTarv to an c(\c{\ or end. 
 
 N.'GATIVELY, Adv. with denial, 
 the form of a denial. 
 
 To NEGLECT, V. A. [tieg/ectus, Lat.] 
 to omit by circlcfihefs : to refufe ; to'treac 
 with fcornful heedlellhcfj ; to pollpcrne fonvc- 
 thing that (liould be done. 
 
 NEGLE'CT, S. an inftance of inattention; 
 carelefs treatment, or fcornful hcedlcllncfs ; 
 omiffion of fomething which ought to be done. 
 
 ■^EGLE'CTER, S. one «ho wilfully, 
 fcornfully, or heedlefsly omirs the doing 
 fomething, whicli he oug!it to do. 
 
 NEGLE'CTFUL, Adj. hccdlcfs ; omitting 
 through fcovn, heedkrincfs, or inattention. 
 
 NEGLE'C;FULLY,Adv. in fuchaman- 
 
 NEE'DIMESS, S. the quality of being in I ner as to omit fame duty for want of atun- 
 
 w.;nt of fuch things as feem eflcntialto the 
 fuj'p'Mt of Itfc. 
 
 NEE'iJLE, S. (rtfiU, Sax. raci^cl, 
 nadd, Teut.] a fmall ilender piece of fteel 
 
 tion or cauiion ; treating in a cold indiflc- 
 rent manner. 
 
 NE'GLIGENCF, S. [Fr. nj.^l^entia , Lat.] 
 the habit of omitting fome duty by heedlcff- 
 
 cfed in fcwino', having one end perforated; nefs, or want of attention ; want of care or 
 with a hole to receivd a thread, and the other | caution. 
 
 pointed to pierce cloth; the fmall fteel NEGLIGENT, Adj. [Fr. «i'^A^;-.''ki, Lat.] 
 bar, which points towards the north in the carelefs ; hcedltfs; habitually inattentive; 
 
 ica-compafs. • ] 
 
 NEF.'ivI-EFUL, S. as much thread as ge- 
 nerally is ufed with a needle. | 
 
 NEE'DLER, or NEIi/DLE-M AKER, S.| 
 a perfon that makes needles. 
 
 NEE'DLE-WORK, S. any work perform- 
 ed with a needle ; embroidery. 
 
 NEEDLESS, Adj. unneceffary ; not re- 
 quifiie ; not wanted. 
 
 NEEDLESSLY, Adv. without obligation 
 or necelTiiy. 
 
 NEE'DLESSNESS, S. the quahty of being 
 iinneceflarv 
 
 NEEDS, Adv. neceiT'ari'.y ; by irrefifliblc 1 reigners 
 
 fcornfuliy regardlefs. 
 
 NE'GLl GENTLY, Ativ. in a carelefs, 
 hecdiefs or unexaO: manner. 
 
 To NE'GOTL'ITE, V. N. {murder, Fr. 
 from nt-^rji'ium, Lat.] to carry on the trcfde of a 
 merchant; to traffic; to enter into treaty 
 with a foreign (late; to pafs a bill or draught 
 for money. 
 
 NEGOTIATION, S. atrcatyof bufmefs; 
 a treaty with a foreign (late. 
 
 NEGO'TIArOR, S. \_negotiatiur, Fr.] 
 one emploj'ed to treat with others ; one that 
 tranfmits or pays away bills drawn on fo- 
 
 force or compiilfion ; indifpenfibly 
 
 NEE'DY, Adj. |wr/7u, .-.WL', Ru(i:] diflrtf- 
 fcd by poverty ; wanting the neceflarics of lif;. 
 
 Nl'UR, a contradlion, in common dif- 
 courfe and poetry, of jnwr 
 
 To NRE^E, V. N. [ry'e, Dan. r.icfr.. 
 Be! i;. from n,v\'e, Sax.] to difcharge bieatb 
 \iolently and by a conviilfivc motion through 
 the nole. " By his vccftng a light doth 
 " fhi.ie." Job xli. iS. 
 
 NEFARIOUS, Adj. rn./j'Wi, Lat.] ex- 
 ccfiivelyor abominaI)!y wicked. [In Law, un- 
 lawful ■ or cintrary to law. 
 
 NFGO'TIATING, Part, employed in 
 treating with others ; palling bills drawn oa 
 foreigners. 
 
 NE'GRO, S. [plural negroes, from ucgro^ 
 Span, and Ital.] a biack. 
 
 To NEIGH, V. N. [pronounced na\h\ 
 hntvgan. Sax. r.cgen, Belg.J to make a noifc 
 like a horfe or mare. 
 
 NEIGH, S. the noifc made by a horfc. 
 
 NEl'GHBOUR, S. [pronounced nnyhour., 
 from ncahgchurc, mbgehure. Sax. vabhuor, 
 Belg.] one who lives near to another; one 
 familiar to another ; anv thing fituated near or 
 ■ ■ ' " ■ No 
 
 NEGA'TION, S. [fr. n gat'to. Lat.] de- next to another ; intimate; confident 
 ni 1 oppo .sd to affiimatioiJ, or aflcnt, Refu " more Iball be the neid^iur to my coanfels.''
 
 N E S 
 
 Sh«i. In Divinity, one partaking of the fame 
 nature, and therefore entitled to good offices. 
 
 NKI'GKDOU:iH00D, S.ffrom neighbour 
 and btoJ ^ o£ hade, Sax.] a place fituated near 
 anotiici , tlic (iate of being iiear to each odier , 
 thofe that ! ve near one another. 
 
 NEI'GHBOLi<LY, Adv in themannerof 
 a neighbour in a fociai an.l civil manner. 
 
 N El'Tri ER, Conj. [fomctimes pronounced 
 rither, and hy others rxther; nohiuather, ncL- 
 •wather. S.ix.] not either. When ufcd in the 
 firft branch of a negative fentence, it is an- 
 fwered by nsr. " ¥'\^\.l neither, with fmajl »<»• 
 "great." i JCings xvh. 31. Sometimes it is 
 ufed as ihe fecond branch of a negative fen- 
 tence, as, " Ye Itali ;^5r eat of it, neither fhali 
 •' ye touch it." Gen. iii. 3. Sometimes it fol- 
 lows a negative at the end of a fentence, and 
 often, thougli not grammaiically, yet empha- 
 tically, after another negative. '' Men come 
 •' not to the knowledge— t: 11 they come to 
 *' the ufe of resfon, nor than neither,^' Locke. 
 
 Niii'THER. Pron. not cither j not one 
 nor the other ; not this nor that. 
 
 NEPEN'THE, S. [from vr, and -htsv&o;, 
 Gr.] in Antiquity, a magic potion or opiate, 
 which rendered perfor.s infenlible to, or made 
 them forget all their pains and g ief. 
 
 NE'PHEW, S. \nefa. Sax. ne^heu, tcve::, 
 Fr-l a brother or fifler's Ton. 
 
 NEPHRl'TIC, Ad:]. [m'phrinque,Yr.'] be- 
 longing to the kidnies, I'eins, or veflcis that 
 convey the urine ; troubled with the ftone ; 
 good againft the gravel and Hone. 
 
 NE'POTISM, S [neponfme, Fr. ncpotifmo, 
 Lat.] fondaefs for nephews, 
 
 NERVE, S. [nerf, Fr r.ervus, Lat.] in 
 Anatomy, a round, white, long body, like a 
 cord compofed of feveral threads or fibres, 
 deriving its origin from the brain or fpinal 
 marrow, and diftribiited through all parts of 
 the body, fcrving as the organ of fenfation or 
 motion, and fuppofcd by fome ai atomifls to 
 contain a juice called the animal Ipirits, or 
 fome ilcd'trical fluid, by means of which the 
 imprcfTion of objects is conveyed iiiflantane- 
 ©ufly to the brain, or the foul refidcnt therein. 
 A finew or tendon. In Poetry, jmy thing 
 which gives flrength, or isedential. 
 
 NE'RVELESS, Adj. faint ; without 
 ftrength ; weak. 
 
 NE'RVOUS, Adj. [nervofus, Lat.] well- 
 ftrung ; (hong ; vigerous ; rL-lating to the 
 nerves ; having its leat in the nerves. Hav- 
 ing weak or difordered nerves, in medical 
 cant 
 
 NESS, a termination added to an ..djecHive, 
 by means of which it is changed to a fubflan- 
 tive, (ignifying, flate, or quality in the ab- 
 Itraft. '1 hus guod\s changed \iMo goodnefs. 
 ■When ufcd at the ends of the najwcs o? f laces, 
 it is derived from n/i, Sax. a riofe, promon- 
 tory or headland ; as in hi'cnicfi. 
 
 NEST, S. [rep. Sax. Bdg. ^nd Teut.] a 
 led oxrcpofitory formed by ubiidor fowl foi 
 
 N E tr 
 
 laying, hatching, and feeding her young in» 
 till able to provide for themfelves ; any place 
 where animals are produced j the young in a 
 ne(f ; a receptacle, abode, or place of refi- 
 dence, ufed in a bad fenfe. " A »^ of rogues." 
 A colledlion of drawers, boxes, or of pockets, 
 that communicate with each other, or belong 
 to the fame frame. 
 
 To NEST, V. A. to build nefts. 
 
 To NESTLE, V. N to fettle, harbour, or 
 lie clofe and fnug like birds in a neft. Active- 
 ly, to houfe, as in a nefl ; to cherifh, as a bird 
 does her young in a nefl " She like his mo- 
 " ther nejlles him. " Chup-man. 
 
 NET, S. [n«, n^t. Sax.] a texture woven 
 or knit with large interfliccs, or mefhes, ufed 
 as a fnare for biids, fifhes, &"<:. 
 
 NE'THER, Adj. S^neather, neother, nither^ 
 Sax. neddc)-, Belg.] lower oppofed to upper ; 
 fituated in a lower place, or in the infernal 
 regions. 
 
 NE'THERMOST, Adj. [die fuperlative 
 of iietber'l lovveft j below any other thing it is 
 compsred with. 
 
 N E'TTIN G, S, a piece of network. 
 
 NETTLE, S. [nale, Sax. netel, Belg.] a 
 dinging herb. 
 
 To NETTLE, V. A. nettelen, Eelg.] to 
 (ling, irritate, or provoke. 
 
 NET'WORK, S. the work with which a 
 net is made ; any thing made with interfaces 
 refcmbling the mefhes of a net. 
 
 NE'VER, Adv. \nafre, Sax. from ne Sax. 
 not, and tefre, Sax. ever] at no time, either 
 palt, prefent or to come ; in no degree. " A'i?- 
 " -ver the worfe." None or not a fingle one. 
 " He anfwered him to ne'uer a word." Matt. 
 xxvii. 14. Johnfon obfervesthat this word is 
 ufcd in a form of fpeech, which though hand- 
 ed down by the belt writers, and but lately 
 cenfured, is juftly reckoned a folecifm ; as in, 
 " He is miltakcn though never fo wife." 
 Which fliould properly be exprefled ; " He 
 " is miflaken, though ever fo wife." Or elfe 
 by fuppl)ingthc ellipfis, thus, " He is mif- 
 " taken, though there never was a perfon fo 
 " wife." In this fenfe, it fhould be remark- 
 ed, it always includes a comparifon, and is 
 followed by fo. 
 
 NEVERTIlELESS,Adv.notwithRnnding. 
 
 NEURO'LOGY, S [«w«v and Xoyo;, Gr ] 
 a difcription of, or difcourfe concerning the 
 nerves. 
 
 NEURO'TOMY, S. [from vedjov and -rty.r 
 aiv, Gr.] the anatomy of the nerves. 
 
 NEU'TER, Adj. [Lat. neuter, Fr.] indif^ 
 ft-rent ; not engaged in or taking part with 
 either fide. In Grammar, applied to a noun 
 which implies no fexj applied to a verb, that 
 which fignifies neither a<flion nor pafllcn but 
 fome flate or condition of being j as, Ifit. 
 
 NEU'TER, S. one indifferent, or not en- 
 gaged in any party. 
 
 NEL'TRAL, Adj. [Fr. ] indifTcrent -, nor 
 
 •'Oing t nut tngag'.-d on ciihcr fide j ncithte 
 
 U u a govi 
 
 y'
 
 NEW N E W i^ 
 
 NFAFFA'NGLED, Adj. formed with a 
 vain and afTKfted love of novelty. 
 
 NFAVFA'NGLfilDNESS, or NRW- 
 FA'NGI.ENESS, S. a vain ur. foolifti affec- 
 tation of novelty. 
 
 NE'WEL, S. Inaiv/f, Dan. J the compafs 
 round which a (liur-cafe is carried. 
 
 NE'WLY, Adv. lately ; not long agp. 
 
 NE'WNESS, S. f-elhnefs ; the quality of 
 beini; lately made, Jifcoveied, or poflelled. 
 
 NEWS, S. ( without a fiiigiiiar] frefh ac- 
 count of fomething ; fomething not heard 
 before ; papeis which give an account of the 
 t4-anra<ftions of the prcfent times, both at 
 home and abroad. 
 
 NZ'WS.MONGER, S. one who deals in 
 news-papers; one who makes it his bufmeft 
 to hear and tell nev\s. 
 
 NE'WTON, [Sir Ifaac] dcfceijded from 
 '1 he new hcal'd wound. "I an ancient family in Lancafhire, was born 
 I in the county of Lincoln, in 1642. At 
 twelve years of age he was put to the free 
 fchool at Grantham, by his mother, who 
 foon took him away again to initiate him 
 betimes in taking care of his own affairs ;• 
 but finding him very careleJs in things of 
 that nature, and entiiely devoted to his 
 
 good nor bad. In Medicine, neither acid nor 
 alkuline. 
 
 NEUTRAL, S. one who does not aft or 
 engage an either fide. 
 
 n'EUTRA'LITY, S. a ftate of indiffe- 
 rence, in which a perfon or ftate avoids every 
 aftion that may proceed from friendlhip or 
 hoftility; a ft.ae bttwern good and evil. 
 
 NEUTRALLY, Adv. in an indifferent 
 iKanntr; on neither fide. 
 
 NEW, Adj. [nciu, i:ku, Sax." fiu^a, Goth. 
 ■ j.'o-z'iis, Lat. v£:j, Gr.] lately made or had ; 
 frelh ; notufcd; modern; having the ef?e£t of 
 novelty; notaccuftomed or familiar; renewed 
 or repjited. Co as to recover its firft ftate : 
 frefli after any cefl'atioii or impediment ; of no 
 ancient exirai^ion. Generally applied to 
 things, in the fame fenfe ss pt'ig is to per- 
 fons. In Compol'ition, it figiiihe? newly, or 
 not long ago. 
 
 NEWCA'STLE I'fcn Tync, over which 
 liver, yielding excellent fal'mon, is a ftately 
 bridge of feven wide arches, with houfes on 
 it; it is a mayor- town, ar.d the capital of 
 Northumberland. Ths (ituation if uneven, 
 as being upon hillocks, and the declivity of 
 
 them. It is dole built and populous, has aj books, fhe fent him to Grantham agam, 
 good quay between the town-wall and the from whence he went to Trinity College, 
 river, and a vaft trade in coals fent to Lon- Cambridge, where he entered in 1660, being, 
 don, other j-art.s of Ei-glaad, and abroad ; as then eighteen years of age. His genius for 
 alfo in making of glafs- bottles, fait, and e,K-| mathematics was fo great, that he under- 
 cellent ale, with ha'-dware and wrought iron ; [ flood the elements of Euclid a.? foon as he- 
 befides no con fern ptible foreign traffic. 'I he read them, and could, by barely calling his 
 town revenue is confiderable, and the houfes [eyes on the contents of the theorems, make 
 are moftly of ftone, with a few of brick or| himfelf a pcrfeft mafter of them. In 1664, 
 timber. In the upper or north part of the he took the degree of bachelor of arts, and- 
 town rcfide the polite inhabitants, with three, in 1666, being then retired fiom ihe ur.i- 
 pentrcl ftreets. The river, all the way from verfity on account of the plague, and fitting 
 ,Shiel!s to Newciftle, has a wide and fafe | in his garden, was led by a train of thoughts 
 channel, and the tide flows ftrongly up farl oecafioned by the fallof fiDmeblof]om';;to thofe 
 beyond the town. It gives title of Marquis difcoveries relating to gravity, and the power 
 
 and Duke to the Pelham family, the Loid 
 Clare having been fo created by George I- in 
 17 I e;, foon after his acceinon. The corpo- 
 ration fends two members to parliament; lies 
 about fix miles above Shiells, 65 from Ber- 
 wick, and 276 from London. Its markets 
 arc on Tucfday and Saturday, which are ex- 
 tremely well ftored with all forts of provifioris, 
 and reafonably cheap. 
 
 NEWC.A'S "L'l' urJcr Line, a mayor bo- 
 rovigh of StafTordfhire, upon a branch of tiie 
 Trent, with large and well-paved ftreets 
 Here is a manufadlurc of hats ; the cloathing 
 trade ll'urifhes alfo, and the place is fur- 
 jounded with coal-pits, the co^ls o( which 
 are called Peacock-coals, from their variegated 
 lufne. In the neighbourhood are mad'- vnft 
 quantities of ftone nnd earthen ware, black 
 tea-pots, Cyc. A llir'.vv is tamed in this 
 town by putting a bridle in her mouth, and 
 lead-n;T her about the ftreets. It lies iz miles 
 frwin .Stafford, nnd 149 from Londqn. It 
 returns two members to parliament. 
 
 by which the celcfiial bodies aie retained in 
 their orbits, which have fince immortalized' 
 both his own memory and that of his courr- 
 try. In 1669. he was chofen profcfloi of 
 mathematics in the univerfity of Cambridge, 
 on the religmtion of Dr. Barrow; and in 
 tl-.at year, and the two fubfequent ones, read' 
 a difcourfe of optical leftures, replete witli 
 fuch difcoveries on that fubjeft, as both^ 
 afionifh and delight. In 16S-, his Mat'rema- 
 tlcal Principlci were publilhed, a bo'k which,, 
 being too profound to be underflood hy every- 
 one, met with no fmali oppofition ; but when- 
 it was once known, was fb well received that 
 nothing was heard from all qnarters, but one. 
 general fiiout of adrrdration. This work 
 feemed to be the produ(ft'cn of a genius or 
 celefHal intelligence rather than of a man, 
 in the opinion of the Marquis de I'Hof- 
 pital, who ufcd to afk the Englifh that vi- 
 ilted him, " Does Mr. Newton eat, drink, 
 " or fiecp like other men ? I reprefent him 
 " to myUif as one of the Genii, or a ce- 
 
 " Icfti^.
 
 NEW 
 
 **'kfl!aiintclIlo;ence entirely divefted of mat- 
 *' tei." 'i he iame year as his i'/n/r// it!, (ifc. 
 were puhlilhed, he appeared one of ihe niof? 
 zealous defenders of tl;e privileges of tiie uni- 
 vcrlity of Cambridge, when attacked by- 
 king James II. Ml J was on that account no- 
 minated one of the deligatcs of tlie univerfity 
 to the high commidion court. In 1688 he 
 was chofcn one of their members for 
 the convention parhamcnt. In 1696 was 
 made warden of the mint, in which oP-'ce 
 he was of (ignal fervice, when tlie money 
 ■v.-^s called in to be recuined. In i6c;g he was 
 ele<fled one of the members of the Royal 
 Academy of Sciences at Paris ; in 170: was 
 chofen member of parliament for the uni- 
 verfityof Cambridge, and in 1703 was eleifted 
 •prefident of the Royal Society, and continued 
 in the chair for twenty-three years without 
 interruption. In the reign of king -Geoj-ye 
 I. he was w^il known nt court, and admitted 
 •to the confidence of the Princefs of Wales, 
 ;", f. the late Queen, who ufed often to pro- 
 pcfe difficulties on philof.phic A!bj'.-<fts to 
 'him, and to receive his anfwers. liis health 
 till his eightieth year, was generally fettled, 
 but about that time he began to be aillicled 
 wi'h an incontinence of urir.c; but for the 
 -live years, which preceded 'his -death, he had 
 great intervals of health or eafe, which he 
 procured by ol)ierving a (Iricfl regimen. But 
 'the circumllance v.hich was the only one 
 that could have pcrfuaded us of his being 
 mortal, feized Inm with fuch violence, that 
 large drops of Aveat run down his face ; yet 
 fo iiluftrious was be for patience, that during 
 'his agonies, he never ut eicd the leiUl com- 
 plaint, nor expreficd the leaft impatience, 
 and as foon as he had a moment's eafe, woi'.ld 
 fmile and talk with hts ufual chcerfulnefs j 
 after having been deprivid of his leiiies for 
 fome hours, he died on the 2C ih of March, 
 liii the eighty-fifth year of his age, and was 
 intcrcd witli great folemnity in WeH-minder 
 abbey. liis Ituture was middling ; liiscoim- 
 •tenance pleafing, and venerable at the fame 
 time, efpecially wl/tn he took off his peruke, 
 and fhevved his white hairs ; wlJch he wculd 
 often do with a degree of pleafure. He ne- 
 ver made ufe of I'pedtacles, and loft hut one 
 tooth in liis life. His difpofition was fo 
 meek, and his opinion of himfelf fo hum- 
 ble, that he would rather have cliofen* to 
 have ftolcn unknown through life, than to 
 cxpofe himfelf to thofe llorms, to which ge- 
 nius and learning generally cxpofe thofe that 
 arc illullrious for either. So great was his 
 •modefly, that the mod malicious cenfurcrs 
 cou.d not charge him with vanity : fo great 
 his aflabiliiy, that lie always put himlelf 
 upon a level with his company ; fo grcit his 
 charity, that he would often Ih'ip himfelf to 
 Ihcw hisgcncrofity to his relations and others, 
 chofe to do his good offices binilelf, and 
 ihon^hc a legacy no gift, j his candour wasfo 
 
 N I D 
 
 I great that he was in love with \irtne, whcre- 
 j ever he met it, and efleemed tho.'e only to 
 .be true fchifmatics wiio were vicious aoJ 
 wicked ; y«t was he firmly at'aclied to the 
 |eflabli!l:ed chiirch ; wns a firm believer cf 
 j the truth of revelation, nnd amidit the great. 
 j variety of bocks he liad befjrel.ini, that 
 which he flridicd molt wis the bibic. 
 
 NEXT, Adj [the fuper! uive of nrar ; 
 nt-x!. Sax.] ncarefl:, applied to place. Im- 
 n'edi-Jtely fucccccV.ng, applied to order. Near-" 
 eft in degree. 
 
 NEXT, Ailv. at the time or turn im<nc- 
 diately fucceeding. 
 
 Nl'l?, S. the hill or neck of a bird ; 
 the poiYit of any thing, generally applied to 
 that of a pen. 
 
 I To NIB, V. A. to cut the point of a 
 I pen. 
 
 NIBBED, Adj. having a point, having 
 its point cut, 
 
 _To NIBHLE, V. A. IknlLbihn, Pelg ] to 
 bite by a little r.t a time j 10 eat flowly ; to 
 bite as a fifh does a bait. Neuterly, to bite 
 at. Figuratively, to carp at or find fault 
 with. " JS/ibllirg at one fingle pafKige." 
 TH.htfon. 
 
 NI'BBLER, S one that bites by a little at 
 a time. 
 
 NICE, Adj. ["I'ff, Sax.] accurate in judg- 
 ment to a niinufe txaclnefs and culpable deli- 
 cacy ; delicate j fcrupulouily cautious j fquea- 
 milli ; refined. 
 
 Nl'CELY, Adv. in fuch a manner as dif- 
 covers the greateft accuracy, delieatenefs, and 
 tliC molt fcruptiious exi.^nefs. 
 
 Nl'CENESS, S. the eju^lity of being mi- 
 nutely cxa(ff, fupeifluouliy delicate, and ex- 
 cellively fcvupulous. 
 
 Nl'CETY, S. niini^te accuracy cf thought 
 or performance ; f^ueamininefs ; minute ob- 
 ferva^nce, or ciiiical exa<itnels j delicate and 
 er-utious treatment j enimlnacy. In ihepluraj, 
 dainties or delicacies in eaiing. 
 
 NICHE, S. I Ft.] a hallow in which % 
 ftat-iie may be placed. 
 
 NICK, S. (a-;.-*, Teut.] that exaft point 
 of time in which a thing is moll proper or 
 convenient to be done j a notch cut in any 
 thing ; a lucky caft. 
 
 I0 NICK, V. A. to "hit} to touch 
 luckily; to perform at that point of time, 
 which is moft proper and convenient ; to cut 
 in nicks and notches ; to fuic like tallies cut 
 in notches ; to defeat or cozen j to difappoint 
 by fome trick. 
 
 NT'CKNAME, S a name giveii a pcr- 
 fon or body of men in fcr.ll" and contempt. 
 
 To Nl'C KNrtME, V. A. to call by fome 
 reproachful name. 
 
 To Ni'CTATE, V.N. [mfratus, Lat] 
 to wink. 
 
 Nl'DGET, S. fcnrrnptcd from r.iuA--g or 
 
 w/ViVfr, Sax ] n term with which a perfoa 
 
 was formerly branded, who did not repair to 
 
 U u 3 «h<
 
 N I G 
 
 N I N 
 
 the royal (landard in times or danger; a| NI'CIITRAIL, S. [from tilglt zni re^!, 
 cowaid. Sux. J a loofe cover thrown over the drcfs by 
 
 NIDIFICA'TION, S. [nldlficatk, Lat.] nieht to keep it clean. 
 
 the aft of buiidi.ig nefts 
 
 NIDwRO'SE. or NI'DOROUS, Adj. [vi 
 doreux, Fr.] refemhling the fmell or talle of 
 roafted fat. " Inctnfe or nidorou: Imells." 
 Bacon. 
 
 NIDORO'SITY, S. eruiHation or belching 
 attended with the tafte of undigeftcd roall 
 meat 
 
 NI'GHTRULE, S. a tumult in the night, 
 ^ W hat rigktrute now." Shak. 
 
 NI'gHTSHADE, S. [niht,fcade, Sax.] a 
 plant of two kinds, one called the common, 
 and the other deadly nightlhade. 
 
 NIGH TSHINIKG. Adj. glittering or 
 (hininj; by night. 
 
 MI'GHT-WALKER, S. one who roves 
 
 NIDULA'TION, S. [nidulatus, Lat. fiom in the night upon ill dcfigns ; a proflitute, fo 
 n'tdukr, Lat,] the time of remaining in the called from her appearing and walking in the 
 neft. I ftreet.'= by night. 
 
 NIE'CE, S. fpronoun(red reece ; from NiGHT-WARD, AJj. approaching to- 
 r.lcce, Fr. ncptis, Lat.] the daughter of a bro- ' wards night. 
 ther or filler. I NI'GHTWATCH, S. a part or time of 
 
 NI'GGARD, S. [n:rgyr, 1(1.1 a perfon j night diftinguifhed by a changeof the watch, 
 who gives or fpends little, and with gre.it un- I NIHI'Ll TY. S. [m^ilite,¥r.] nothing 
 
 willingnefs 
 
 NI'GGARD, Adj. fpending or giving 
 little, and with great veluftance ; fpiring. 
 
 NIGGARDISH, Adj. fomcwhat inclined 
 to avarice, or to give and fpend grudgingly or 
 fparingly. 
 
 Nl'GGARDLY, Adj. avaricious ; fpar- 
 ing; wary. 
 
 Nl'GGARDLY, Adv. in a fparing or 
 grudging manner. 
 
 NIGGARDNESS, S. avarice. 
 NIGH, Prep, [neah, Sax. necnvny, Goth. 
 nae, Belg. nahc, Teut. niLidan, Perf.J not far 
 from. 
 
 NIGH, Adv. at no great diflance ; a place 
 not far off. 
 
 NIGH, Adj. near, at no great diflance. 
 Allied cl'-fily by blood, applied to kindred. 
 NI'GHLY, Adv. nearly. 
 NIGHT, S. \nabt'., Goth, r.aht, nighty 
 ftybt. Sax.] the time v. hen the fun is lielow 
 our horizon, and darknefs is upon the face of 
 the earth. 
 
 TO-NIGHT, Adv. [finch, Sax.] this 
 night. 
 
 NI'GHTED, Adj. blind. '' Bis nlghud 
 "life." Sl'ai. Black, " Cafl ihy rightly 
 <' colour off" Shak. 
 
 Nl'GHTFOUNDERED, Adj. loft ordif- 
 trclfed for want of knowing the way in the 
 night. 
 
 • Nl'GHTIK GALE, S. [ncflrgalg, nifchgah. 
 }i!gbtc^a!e. Sax. racbtgael, Belg. J a fmall biul 
 that fings in the night, and remarkable for 
 its melody. A word of endearment. 
 
 NI'GHTLY, Adv, in the night; by 
 night ; every night 
 
 NIGHTLY, Adj. done, afting, or hap- 
 pening l)y night. 
 
 NI'GHTMaN, S. one who cleanfcs 
 Jakes, or carries away their ordure by night. 
 NI'GHTMARE, S. See Marc. 
 NIGHT-PIECE, S. a piflure fo co- 
 loured as to be fuppofedto befetn by c: ndle- 
 jight, not by day-light ; a defcription of 
 fomc fcene in the night. 
 
 nefs ; the ftate cr quality of being nothing. 
 " Pure nihility or mere nothing." IVarts. 
 
 To NILL, V. A. \niilan. Sax.] to rejeft; 
 to refufe. 
 
 To NIM, V. A. [niijian, Goth, and Sax.] 
 to take. In cant language, to Ileal or take 
 away what belongs to another. 
 
 NIMBLE, Adj. [from viman. Sax.] mo- 
 ving or nfting with quicknefs or fwiftnefs. 
 
 M'MBLENESS, S. the quality of adling 
 or moving with fwifnefs, quicknefs, or expe- 
 dition. 
 
 NIiVIBLEWITTED, Adj. too quick in 
 difphying one's wit or eloquence. 
 
 NI.MBLY. Adj. in a quick, fwift, or ac- 
 tive manner, 
 
 NIM'MER, S. ("See A';;r] a thief. 
 NIN'COMPOOP, S. [a corruption of the 
 Lat. ncn compos^ a fool or filly perfon. 
 
 NINE, S. [niuv, Goth, nigen, nigon. Sax.] 
 a number confilling of one more than eight, 
 or one leis than ten ; a number confiding of 
 4 and <; added togetlicr. 
 
 Nl'N'EFOLD, S. nine times ; anything 
 repeated nine times. 
 
 NINE-PINS, S. a play wherein nine 
 pieces of wood arc fct in a fquare in three 
 rows, and are knocked down with a bowl. 
 
 Ni'NETEEN, Adj. [nig^-Myn, Sax.] a 
 number confifting of nine and ten added to-> 
 gether. 
 
 NINETEENTH, Adj [mgonteotba,Sxx..'] 
 next in order lo the eighteenth, or eighteen 
 beyond the firll. 
 
 NINETY, S. \r.luntethenda, Goth, nine 
 times ten ; ten added nine times. 
 
 NINIH, Adj. [rtiunda, Goth, nigotha. 
 Sax.] an ordinal, implying that a thing is the 
 next in rank, order, cr number beyond the 
 eighth. 
 
 NINETIETH, Adj. the ordinal of nine- 
 ty, or the tenth nine times told. 
 
 NI'NNY. S. [rinno, Span, nencla, Ital.] 
 1 fool or fimpleton. " Look like a ninny,'* 
 S-wift. 
 
 N'lN-
 
 N O 
 
 • NIN'NYHAMMER, S. a fimpleton or 
 fool. " An old r.innyhammcr.'"' GuO'd, No 
 log. 
 
 To NIP, V. A. [,mj>er, h:}ipcn, Be!<^, ml- 
 />;>?, Teut.] to pinch ofTwih the nails; to 
 bite oil' with the teerli ; to cutoff liy an) 
 flight means ; to h\d[\ to pinch. 
 
 NIP, S. a pinch with the nails or teeth; .t 
 fmall cut ; a blall. 
 
 Nl'PPERS, S. an inflriinscnt ufcd to cut 
 the n?.ils with, Ibmewhat rclembling a pair 
 of pincers. 
 
 Nl'l'HLE, S. [ref'iteHa', Tta!.] the teat or 
 round protuberance of the bicatr, which in- 
 fants, &€, take into their mouths when 
 fucking. 
 
 NI'SI P&IUS, S [Lat. if not before] a 
 judicial writ, fo called from the firli: words 
 m It ; " Ni/: apiici lulem hcum 'jyun njer.c- 
 •' r'lr.t, I. e. unlcfs the jufliccs, lo take the 
 " alfize.";, come to fucli a plrcc before that 
 ♦' day ;" by means of which all eafy p!ea.« 
 may be tried in the country, before juiHces 
 of affize: it is direfted to the Hieriffto caufe 
 men to be impannelkd to determine the caufe 
 there in order to eale the county, by fav- 
 ing the parties, jurors, and witneflcs, the 
 charge and trouble of attending at Weitmin- 
 ftcr. 
 
 NIT, S. [hahu. Sax. wddca, Brit. ] the egg 
 of a loufe or fmall animal. 
 
 Nl'iPZNCy, S. [nite^tia, Lat.] ludrc ; 
 clear brightnefs ; endeavour j elafticity .; 
 fpring to extend itfelf ; from r.'itor, Lat. 
 to endeavour. " Nitency to fly wider open." 
 Boyle. 
 
 NI'TID, Adj. [riudta, Lat.] bright ; 
 fliining ; glittering. " A clear and n'.tid yel- 
 " low." Boyk. 
 
 Nl'TRbjS. [Fr. yiifrua:, Lzt. ht^;v, Gr.] 
 a cryflalline, pellucid, and fomewhat whitifh 
 fubliance, of an acrid, bitterilh tafte, impref 
 fing the funfation of a remarkable coldnels 
 upon the tongue,and properly called falt-petre. 
 1 hough by means of fire, it affords an acid 
 fpirit, yet in its crude flate it contains no 
 acid.ty at all. The eartli from which it is 
 made, both in Perfia and the Ealt-lndies, is 
 a kintl of yellowilb marl, found in the bare 
 cliffi on the fides of hills expofcd to the nor- 
 thern and eaftern winds. 
 
 NITROUS, Adj. [mtreiix, Fr.] impreg- 
 nated with nitre ; conlifling of nitre. 
 
 NI'TRY, Adj. impregnated with or con- 
 fiding of nitre. 
 
 NI'TTY, Adj. abounding in nits, or the 
 eggs of lice, fefc. 
 
 NO, Adj. [na. Sax. Sec Nay"] a word ufcd 
 to fignify denial, rcfufal, and resolution not to 
 door confent. Somfitimesit isufed to confirm 
 a former negative. " Never more this h-mil 
 " fhall combat. — No, let the Grecian pow- 
 ed's." Dryden. Sometimes it flrcDgthcns a 
 negative that follows it, " No, not the bow 
 " which fo adonis the ikies." Waller, In a 
 
 NOD 
 
 period wJiich confifls of fcveral negative /en- 
 icnces, it is placed in the firft, and is an- 
 fwerfd by t:or in the following ones ; as, 
 " No, 1 will not, nor am I able, if I 
 " would. 
 
 No, Adj. not any ; none. It generally is 
 placed ill the firit fentence of a negative 
 period, and anfk\'cred by nor in the lubfe- 
 qiient fentcnccs. " No man, mr woman, nor 
 '- child }.or bfcufh 
 
 To NOBILITATE, V. A. [noiUiraius, 
 from T-.dJlito, Lat ] to m.ike noble ; to en- 
 noble. 
 
 NOBI'LITY, S. \roHnttrr, Lat.] antiquity 
 and dignity of f.miily ; the chief perlbns of a 
 kingd m, or thofe v\ho, by their honoms 
 and titles, are exalted above the commons j 
 dignity ; grandeur ; greatnefs. 
 
 NOBLE, Adj. [tr. r.olilh, Lat.] of an 
 antient and fplendid family; belonging to the 
 peerage ; frcat ; wortl.y ; iliuftrious ; exalt- 
 ed; elevated; fublimc j magnificent; flate- 
 ly ; pompous; or beci^mlng a nobleman. 
 '• A no'le parade." Figuratively, free; ge- 
 nerous ; liberal. 
 
 NOBLE, S. a peer, or one of high rank. 
 In Coinage, apiece of money valued at fix 
 Ihillings and eight-pence, fo called from the 
 purity of its gold. 
 
 NO'RLEM.aN, S. one who by birth, 
 office, or patent, is railed above a com- 
 moner. 
 
 NO'BLENESS, .S. the tjuality wliich de- 
 nomir.afes any thing or pei Ton great, wor- 
 thy, generous, m ignauimou'!, or above the 
 vulgar ; iplendour of defcent or pedigree. 
 
 NO'BLESS, S. [nobip, Fr.] Kobility; 
 the colle£tivebodyof noi)!^; or noblemen. 
 
 NC'BLY, Adv. of an ancient fami'.y, ap- 
 plied to defcent ; in a manner worthy of a 
 perfon of ancient birth, high office, and 
 lofty Irntimeuts ; in a grand, magnificent, 
 and fplendid manner. 
 
 NO'EODY, S. not any one ; no one. 
 
 NO'CENT, Adj. \vonvt Lat.] guilty; 
 criminal ; hurtful ; mifchievous. 
 
 NOCfA'MBULO, S. one who walks in 
 the night in his ilecp. 
 
 NOC I I'DIAL, S. Adj. [from roFiis, Lat. 
 and^/cj, Lat. day] containing or confiding ot 
 a ni^ht and a day." " The no^idial day." 
 
 Holder. 
 
 NO'CTUARY, S. [vSai, Lat ] an ac- 
 count of what pallesby night. " In my mc- 
 " tiiary" Sped. No. 5S6. 
 
 NOCTU'RN, S. [nocltirtie, Fr. ncHvrmn, 
 Lat ] an office of devotion performed in the 
 night. 
 
 NOCTU'RNAL, Adj. [noauynus, Lat.] 
 nightly ; in the night. 
 
 NOCTU'RNAL, S. an inOrunicnt by 
 which obfervations arc made in the night. 
 
 To NOD, V. A. {_nod, Brit, from nodi, 
 
 Brit. I to decline or bend down the head, 
 
 with a <|uick motion j to make a Ihort or 
 
 U u 4 llifibt
 
 N O M 
 
 flijiht bow, to beni downwards by a quick 
 motion; to give a fign by bending the head 
 downwards ; to be drowfy. 
 
 NOD, S. a quick motion of tbe head 
 downwards. " A drunken fiilor on a m.ifr— 
 *' ready with every nod to tumble down." 
 Slrai. A motion made with the hejd as a 
 fign, or to (hew iflnit ; the motion of the 
 he..J in drowfinefs ; a ll'ght how. 
 
 NO'DDER, S. one who makes nods. 
 
 ^'0'DDLE, S. [i.W, Sax.] a hejd. ufc.i 
 in contempt, and generally iinj-lyin^an empty 
 head. 
 
 NO'DDY, S. [na-jtih, Fr.] a fool. 
 
 NODE, S. [nodus, l.at.] a iinot ; a knob ; 
 a fwcllina on 4 bone. In Aftroiiomy, ap- 
 
 N O N 
 
 quainted, as to be able to call almotl every 
 body by his name. 
 
 NOI\TENCLA'TURE, S. U''-'^''c'atura, 
 Lat.j the aft of niiming or telling the names 
 of per(ons or things : a vocbulary or dic- 
 tion. iry. 
 
 KO'MINAL, Adj. [tiomhmlis, Lat.] re- 
 ferring or relating tn names nthtr than 
 tilings ; not real ; merely titul.ir. 
 
 NO'MINALLY, Adv byname; with re- 
 Tpcifl to it.? name; tiluhrly. 
 
 To NO'iMINATE, V. A. [tjminatin, Lat. 
 of novtino, Lat.] to name ; to mention by 
 name ; to entitle ; to ftt down, or appoint 
 by name 
 
 NOMINATION-, S. [Fr.] the a<f^ of 
 
 plied to the two points wlicrciu the orbit of mentioning by name; tlie power of appoiiU- 
 the moon interfecfts the ecliptic. ing by naine. 
 
 NODO'SITY, S. [i7cd'4u!, Lat.] a com- NO'MINATIVE, S. [ncnuratif, Fr. nomi- 
 plication, or fomething in the nature of alnati-vus, l.at.) in Grammar, t!ic firll cafe of 
 knot. ail nouns that are declinable, from whence 
 
 NO'DOUS, Adj. [i:oJjus, Lat.] knotty or all the other cafes are derived : it is placed 
 
 full of knots. 
 
 NO'DULE, S. [nodJus, Lat.] a fmall 
 knot. 
 
 NO'GGIN, S. [ncjl:/, Tcut.J a fmall 
 mug. 
 
 NOI'ANCE, S. [See Jnticiance] damage, 
 hurt ; mifchief or inconvenience. '* To 
 " keep it from nci-ncc.'" •'•hak. Not in ufe. 
 NOISE, S. any kind of found, gene- 
 rally applied to that made by brutes or i.-.ani- 
 matebodie.'!, and implying exceflive loudnefs ; 
 an outcry, clamour, or boafting and imperii 
 ne-t talk. 
 
 To NOISE, V. N. to found loud, or fo 
 as to \>e heard at a great diftance. Ac'tivfly, 
 to fpread by rumour, or report, generally fol- 
 lowed by ai7rcad. 
 
 NOl'SEFUL, Adj. loud. 
 NOi'SELESS, Adj. fslent, or without 
 found. 
 
 NOrsiNES-;, S. loudncfs of found ; loud 
 cl-imour occafioned by importunity. 
 
 NOrsOME, Adj. \nohJo, Ital. gnoijlo, 
 Pol.) noxious; unwholfonic ; oHi-nfive ; 
 difgufiing. 
 
 NOISOMELY. Adv. with fuch a ftcnch 
 or fteim, as is otTi^nfive and unwholfome. 
 
 NOrsOMENE^S, S, the quality of oc- 
 cafioning difguft. 
 
 NOrSY, Adj. founding loud; clamorous. 
 NOLL, S. [hrcl. Sax.] a head. "■ An 
 •' af,'s noU:' SLak. 
 
 NO'Ll ME TANGERF, [Lat. io not 
 truch me] a kind of cancerous fwelling, 
 which grows worfc by applications ; a plant 
 of the fcnfitive kind. 
 
 NOLl'TJON, S. r„5,',V;(,, l.at.] theaflof 
 refufin;; or reje(fting, oppofed to volition. 
 
 NO'MANCY, S. ihe art of foieteHing 
 the f ite or fortune of a perfon from the let 
 ttrs which rompofe his name. 
 
 NOMENCLA'TOR, S. fLat. ncmer.da- 
 teLT, Fr.j a perfon who is fo unlveifally -c- 
 
 before a verb peifonal, and is called by gram- 
 marians the right cafe, in coniradiitindtiotj 
 to the others, which sre termed oblique ones. 
 NON, Adv. an infeparable particle, which 
 llgnifics, when joined to words, the abfence 
 or denial of what they would imply, without 
 its being joined to them. 
 
 N0'N.4Gc, S. minority, or that fpace of 
 life which precedes the age prefcribed by the 
 law for a perfon to aift f)r himftlf. 
 
 NONCE, S. [from once] for once; on 
 purpofe. 
 
 NONCONFO'RIMIST, S. one who re- 
 fufes to cotiform to, or join in the efcablifhed 
 mode of worfnip. 
 
 NONCONFO'RMITY, S. the ad of 
 refufmg compliance ; refufal to join in, or 
 conform to, the forms ufed in the eflablilhcd 
 worlhip. 
 
 NONE, Adj. [«.7r, rc^nf, Sax.] not one 
 
 or any; no. " 'Tis none other." Nothing. 
 
 NON-ENTITY, S. non -exigence ; the 
 
 ■juality of having no exiftence ; a thing that 
 
 does nfit cxifl. 
 
 NON-EXI'STENCE, S. the flate or qua- 
 lity of not exilting ; a thing which has no 
 cxifltnce. 
 
 NONJU'RING, Adj. belonging to thofe 
 F,ngli!h who will not fwear allegiance to the 
 fiannvfriiU family. 
 
 NONjU'ROR, S. [from non and juro, 
 Lat.] one who imagines that James II. was 
 unjiifllv depofed, and therefore refufes to 
 fwcar allegiance to any of the family, which 
 have fucctC'^cd him in the Englifh throne. 
 
 NONN'A'TURALS, S. [without a fingu- 
 lar] fuch things as being neither naturally 
 conftitL'tive, nor deftruftive, do notwith- 
 ftanding both preferve and deftroy in certain 
 circumftances : thcfe phyficians call the air, 
 meat and drink, Jleep and noaffhin^, motion 
 and rcji, retention and excretion, and the f«f- 
 J.'oiis of the ii:ir.d, 
 
 3 NON%
 
 N O O 
 
 NONPARE'IL, S. [«:« ant! fareU, Fr.] 
 natchlcfs excellencies ; exccllciu-e rot to in 
 cq-alled. A kind of apple. In i'linting, a 
 vciy (null letter or type. 
 
 NONPLUS, S. a Uate of emhairsflirent 
 and pcrpcxity, in wliich a pcrlon caiuot ei- 
 ther <Jo or lay more. 
 
 To NO'NPLUS. V. A. to confound or 
 perplex fo, that the ir.ind is at a ftand, and 
 cannot proceed, and the perfon cannot either 
 ff cok cr Jo any more 
 
 NONRR'SiOENCK, S. the aft of not 
 refiding on an ecclefiallical benefice or liv- 
 ing. 
 
 NOKRE'SIDENT, S. one who negle(f^s 
 to live in liis paiilh, applied to c'eig\men. 
 
 NONRESl'STANCt, S. the principle of 
 rot oppofing the king in any cafe, tliough his 
 exertion ct power fiiuuld endanger the con- 
 llitution. 
 
 NO'NSENSF, S. unmeining and un^rram- 
 
 NOR 
 
 To NOOSE, V. A. to tic or catch in a 
 noofe ; to entrap, or enf;),Tre. 
 
 NOPE, S. a kind of bird called a hulfinch. 
 
 NOR, Conj. [from na, and &r, .Sax.] a 
 particle ufed, in the fecond branch of a ne- 
 i^ative propofition. In Poetry, it is fomctimes 
 ufed in tlie firfl branch, for neither. " I nor 
 " lovem^felf, ntr thee." Een ytbnfon. 
 
 N'ORFOLK, in contradillinftion to Suf- 
 folk, as lying N. and S. of each other; a 
 county of England divided from the latter by 
 the Waveney and Oufe the Lefs; from Cam- 
 bridgclhire by Oufe the Greater, and is walh- 
 ed by the German ocean on the N. and E. 
 It i-i feparated from a fm 11 part of Lincoln- 
 Ihire on the VV. by the .-[Hturiiim or sValhes. 
 It is fifty-feven miks long, and thirty-five 
 broad ; containing; one city, 32 maiket- 
 tOAns, and 711 villaoes, '.villi about 283,000 
 inhabitants. The air is of varir»vis tcmpera- 
 lures, as is the foil of diverfe qualities. The 
 
 matical language 3 trifies, or things of no iprincipKl rivers are the Yare, 1h}rn, Wave 
 importance. 
 
 NONSE'N'SICAL, Adj. having no mean- 
 ing i conveying no ideas to the mind. 
 
 NO.NbE'NsiCALNE^)S, S. the quality 
 of. having no meaning, or conveying no 
 ideas. 
 
 NONSO'LVENT, S. one who cannot pay 
 i;is debts. 
 
 ncy, the Greatt-r and l.eficr Oufe, and the 
 i.'iire '1 he Oufe is remarkable for its over- 
 i-lowings, calleJ Eagre, particularly at the 
 equinoxes. '1 hey have herring and mackerel 
 in gi eat plenty on the coall.s, and fiili for them 
 arc'irding y. This county was formerly fo li- 
 tigious, that the number of attorneys was re- 
 (trained by ftatute in the reign of king Henry 
 
 NONSOLU'TION, S. failure of explain- VI. Their manuf..(f>urts are wooilen and 
 ia, worTted H'liffs, with Ihjckirgs. They hav'» 
 
 To NONSU'IT, V, A. to fet afide an j plenty of honey, &c. It lies in thedioceie of 
 
 action at law, on accomU of fume error in the 
 plaintiff's proceedings. 
 
 NONSUTT, S. the dropping or renounc- 
 ing of a fuit or affion, upo:i the difcovery of 
 iijmc error in the plaintiif's maragement, or 
 his being abfent from court when called upon 
 to hear the verdi(fl, or being not ready tcr 
 trial on the fu'caring of a jury. 
 
 NOODLE, S. [Horn noddle] a fool or 
 fimplcton. 
 
 NOOK, S. \unhccck,'TeMt..iiocchh,'lu\.'\ 
 a. corner ; a covert made by an angle of in- 
 terfeclion. 
 
 NOON, S. [twn, Sax. paen, Relg.] the 
 middle hour of the day ; tiie time wjien the 
 fun is at its greateft hcighr, or in the meri- 
 dian : fometimes ufed for the time when the 
 moon is in the meridian, or at its greatell 
 height from the horizon. 
 
 NOON-DAY, S. mid-day, or the time 
 when the fun is in the meridian. 
 
 NOON-DAY, Adj. uJiout noon, or the 
 time when the fun is in the meridian. 
 
 NOON-JIDH", S. (from ncn-iiJe, Sax. 
 the noonj the time when the Ibn is in its 
 nieiidi.in. 
 
 NOO'N-TIDE, Adj. about noon, or that 
 time when the fun is at its greatcll height 
 from the horizon of a place. 
 
 NOOSE, S. a flip, or running knot, 
 which, the moie it is drawn, binds the faflcr. 
 J^'inufalively, a liiasc. 
 
 Norwich, and gives title of Duke fo tlie elder 
 br.mch of the Howards, who dill continue 
 Roman Catholics. It fends two knights of 
 the Ihire to parliament, and two members for 
 each of the following places ; namely, Nor- 
 wich, which is tliC capital, Lynn- Regis, 
 Greit Yarmouth, I lictford, and Caltlerifing. 
 
 NORTH, S. [Sax. »o>dur. 111. mrd, FrJ 
 one of the four cardinal points in the hori- 
 zon, which is nearcfl the pole or oppofite 
 10 the fmi in the meridian. 
 
 NORTH, Adj. fituated to the north ; 
 northern. 
 
 NORTnA'MPrON,S. a mayor-borough, 
 and the county-town of the fliire of the fame 
 name, in England. It fends two members 
 to parliament, and liands at the confluence 
 of the Nen wiih another rivulet, over 
 which are two bridges. Here are four 
 churches, of which AUhallows is a hand- 
 fome edifice, bcfides fjveial public (IruifftHrs, 
 as the George inn, built Ijy John Drydcn, 
 Efq; and given the poor, tiie coimty hofpi- 
 tal, &c. Its markets areon W'cdncfday, Fri- 
 day, and Saturdays ; that for horfes cfpcci- 
 ally, there being fevcu annual fairs here 
 exceeding ajiy in England. Its principal ma- 
 nufactures are (hoes and ftockings, North- 
 ampton lies forty- four miles from Cambridge, 
 and iivcty fix from London. Herefcveral par- 
 liaments have been held formerly. In ih.is 
 neighbourhood i» the ancient royal palace of 
 
 Holm by ;
 
 NOR 
 
 NOT 
 
 Hnlmby ; but having belonged fo the late . other hca\'y gooJs, by means of the river 
 
 fliitchcfj of rvlailboroiigh, it is now occupied 
 by a fjrmov. 
 
 NORTHA'MPTONSHIRE, S. one of 
 the counties of EngJand, and in the very 
 center of the kingdom. It is bounded on 
 the N. by tbe fliires of Rutland, Lincoln, 
 and Leicefla, on the E. by thofc of Hunt- 
 ingdon and EedFord, on the S. by Bucl;ing- 
 ham and Oxford, and on the \V. by War- 
 wickfhire. The air here is extremely plea- 
 
 Yarc. Norwicli i;ives title of earl to the 
 duke of Norfolk, and its fee contains uai 
 parifhcs in this county and Suffolk. Its 
 weekly markets are on Wednefday, Friday, 
 and Saturday. ]t lies about twenty miles 
 from Yai mouth and the C/crman ocean by 
 land, and io3 from London. 
 
 NO'SE, S. [ro-fe, mfr, nofu, Fax. ng!. Id.] 
 that part of a himian l/ody which is promi- 
 nent in the middle of the face, and is the or- 
 
 fant and healthy ; fo that in it are nuir.erous g,Tn of fmellin;^, and the emun€tory of the 
 feats and pirks of the nobility and gentry. | brain. The end of any thing which is pcr- 
 Its foil is very fruitful for agriculture and 1 foiated or hollow. " Jhers/Vof a bellows " 
 palluiage; but it is fcarce of wood and coals. Scent, or 'he f ower of didinguifhing or dif- 
 It abounds in (lu-cp, other cattle, &c. The covering by the fmcll, 
 country is Itvcl, and io populous, that from | " fended with a doe 
 fome places there is a view of no lefs than I '« than his mafle 
 thirty (tccples. It? principal rivers are tht,tie mfe, fionifies to drag by force, allud 
 
 We arc not of- 
 
 doe for a better «&/e 
 
 CoUitr. To k*d by 
 
 Nen, Welland, Oufe, Lcam, and Charwell 
 Befides two knigbis for the (hire, this county 
 lends two mcmber.s to parliament each ; 
 namely, for Peterborough, Northampton, 
 and Brackly, with one for Higham- Ferrers. 
 
 NO'RTH-EAST, S. {nordefl, Teut.J the 
 point between the north and ead. 
 
 NO'RTHEP LY, Adj. towards the north. 
 NO'RTHEKN, Adj. in the north. 
 NO'RTHING, S. in Navigation, the dif- 
 ference of latitude which a ftiip makes in 
 jailing towards the north. 
 
 NO'RTH-STAR, S. the pole-ftar, or the 
 lad ftar in the conftcUation named the little 
 Lear. 
 
 NO'RTHWARD, Adj. towards the 
 north. 
 
 NO'RTFIWARD, or NO'RTHWARUS, 
 Adv. towards the north. 
 
 NO'RTH-WEST, the point or rhumb in 
 the middle between the north and weft. 
 
 NO'RTH-WIND, S. the wind that blows 
 from the north. 
 
 NCRWICH, S, built from the ruins of which we breathe. 
 
 mg to the manner of leading a bear, by 
 means of a ring fixed to his nofe ; to have fo 
 much influence over a perfon as to make him 
 do what you plcafe. "To thtujl ore's rofe itto 
 the affairi of avjtbcr, is to concern ourfelves 
 witii the affairs of others without being in- 
 vited, or to be oflicioui;, or a bufy body. T» 
 put ones noje out of joint, is to deprive us of the 
 affeftions of another. 
 
 NO'SEGAY. S. 3 bunch of flowers. 
 NO'SELESS, Adj. without a nofe ; hav* 
 ing no fmell. 
 
 NOSLE, S. [a diminutive of wo/l-J the ex- 
 tremity of a thing which is hollow. " The 
 " nofe of a pair of bellows." 
 
 NOSO'LOGY, S. ffromvoTCf, and Xoyof, 
 Gr.] a difcourfc concerning the nature and 
 property of difeafes. 
 
 NOSOPOE'TIC, Adj. [from voa-o?, and 
 oroiEai, Gr.J producing difeafes. '♦Ihequa- 
 " litics of the air are nofopoctic." j^rbuth. 
 
 NO'STRIL, S. [fro'm r.os, Ifl. and tbryl. 
 Sax. J the hollow or cavity of the nofe thro' 
 
 the Venta Iccnorum, now Carter, a 1 
 rich city, and the capital of Norfolk, at the 
 confluence of the Winfden and Yare, which 
 is navigable to Yarmouth, being about thirty 
 miles, by water. Tliisis the fee of a bifhop, 
 and a county of itfclf. It is governed by a 
 mayor, &c. who returns two members to par- 
 liament. Here is a very confiderable wollen 
 manufacture, efpecially in crapes and fluffs, 
 firrt ertablilbed by the Flemings in the reign 
 •f king Edward IIL afterwards brought to 
 ^icat perfection by the Walloons, who fled 
 from the duke of Alva's bloody pcrfecution 
 in the Netherlands, and were fettled here by 
 qi.'cen Eliz.dieth. 'J bis city has fuffcred 
 jreatly at different times, particularly by the 
 famous rebellion of Kctt the Tanner under 
 king Edward VL but its damages were re- 
 p.iired in the reign of queen Elizabeth. The 
 tity (lands on the fide of a hill N. and S. 
 To Norwich are brought from Yarmo\i;h 
 ■vzl^ cargoes of coals, wine, fifii, cil, ^and all 
 
 NO'STRUM, S. [Lat. it is our own] a 
 medicine which is not made public, but re- 
 mains a fccret, with refpetff lo'its ingredients, 
 with the inventor, or thofe only to whom he 
 difcovers it. 
 
 NOT, Adv. [nocht, nth, Sax. nief, Belg. 
 «(Vfcr, Teut.] a particle ufcd in denoting de- 
 nial and refufal : in a negative propofition it 
 is placed in the firft branch, and anfwered by. 
 ror. 
 
 NO'TABLE, Adj. [notobU'is, Lat.] remark- 
 able ; worthy of notice on account of in- 
 duftry>or diligence. 
 
 NO'TABLENESS, the quality of deferv- 
 ing notice for diligence and induftry. 
 
 NO'TABLY, Adv. in a remarkable man- 
 ner ; in fuch an indufluous manner, as de- 
 ferves notice. 
 
 NO'TARIAL, Adj. [from notary'[ taken 
 by a notary ; belonging to a notary. 
 
 NO'TARY, S. [tictaire, Fr. tiotar.us, 
 
 Lat.J a pcncn or fcrive:ier who takes notes 
 
 I of
 
 NOT 
 
 «f 311}' par'.iciihrs which concern the pub 
 lie, and tVames Ihort draughts of contiadb, 
 oblig,iti"ns, cliarter-parties, fefc. A notary 
 public, is one who piiblitkly aitcfts deeds, in 
 order to make them authentic in other na- 
 finns, and is principally employed by mcr 
 chants in noting or makinj; a mark on fiieli 
 bills as are ref'ufcd to be paid, and in inakino 
 protcfls on that account. 
 
 NOTA'TION, S. [mtano, Lat.J to de- 
 fcribc any thing by figures and letters. In 
 Arithmetic, the rule which teaches how to 
 defcnbcany number by figures and letters, and 
 to declare their value when fo defcribed. 
 
 NOTCH, S. {noccl'iar, Ital.j a nick or 
 hollow cut in any thing. 
 
 io NOTCH, V. A. to cut Into fmall 
 hollows. 
 
 NOTE, S. [Fr. nofa, Lat.] a mark or 
 token; a notice ; heed; reputation, fame, 
 or charafter. Tune, applied to the voice, or 
 inftrumental mufic. A fingle found, applied 
 to mufic. A ftate of being obferved ; a Ihort 
 hint or minute ; an abbreviation ; a ftort let- 
 ter ; an explanation at the bottom or in the 
 margin of a book. A prohvifflry note, is a 
 writing under a perfon's Jiand, by which he 
 engages to pay to another, or order, a fum of 
 money. 
 
 To NOTE, V. A. [i:oto, Lat, ticter, Fr.] 
 to obferve ; to remark ; to take notice of ; 
 to fet down ; to mention ; to charge with a 
 crime publickly. In Traffic, to have a bill 
 witnefTed by a notary public, that the perfon 
 on whom it is drawn, refufes to accept or 
 pay it. In Mufic, to fet down the charaders 
 ufed in mufic to cxprefs any tune. 
 
 NO'T£-f^OOK, S. .1 hook in which notes 
 or memorandums are fet down. 
 
 NO'TED, Adv. remarkable; celebrated; 
 univerfally known. 
 
 NO'TER, S. one who takes notice of 
 any thing. 
 
 _ NO'THING, S. [natl,!',^'r. Sax.] non-en- 
 tity ; negation of being ; that which has no 
 exi[tence ; no other thing; no quantity or 
 degree. 
 
 NO'TICE, S. [nothia, Lat.] a remark 
 made by attention and obfervation ; heed ; 
 regard ; information or intelligence, either 
 given or received. 
 
 NOTIFICA'TION, <?. [Fr.] the aft of 
 wiuking known ; any thing reprcfented by 
 marks or fymbolical cbaraftcrs. 
 
 To NO'TIFY, V. A. [mttiJJcr, Fr. rotifn, 
 Lat.] to make known ; to give infprmation 
 of, or publifh. 
 
 •' NO'TION, S. [Fr. notio, Lat.],a thought; 
 an idea or reprefentation of any thing in the 
 mind; a fcntimcnt, or opinion. 
 
 NO'TIONAL, Adj. imaginary; exifting 
 «nly in the mind or idea. 
 
 NOTIONA'LITY, S. an empty, on 
 groundlefs opinion. " Impty, talkawvc, »<; 
 ♦' Uir.atity.", Glairv. 
 
 NOT 
 
 NOTORI'F.TY, S. frr'^r.-t-V, Fr ] thi 
 quali-y of being univeifally known, ufcd .n a 
 bad ftnfe. 
 
 NOTO'RIOUS, Adj. [mcnV.v.r, Lat. w- 
 toirc, Fr.] publickly known ; evident or ap- 
 parent ; generally applied in a bad fenfe. 
 
 NOTO'RIOUSLY, Adv. in a public, evi- 
 dent, or open rrianner, fo us to pioduce con- 
 tempt or infamy. 
 
 NOTO'RIOUSNf:SS, S. the quality of 
 being univcrf.dly or generally known, io as 
 to expofe to contempt and infamy. 
 
 NOTTINGHAM, a mayor-borough and 
 county of itfelf, the capital of the (bire'of the 
 fame name. It is one of the pleafanteft 
 places in England, on theafcentof a rock, 
 dole by the Trent, which is navigable by 
 barges to it from the Humber and Hull; and 
 over this river is a large ftone bridge of nine- 
 teen arches, and about a mile long, including 
 the cauieways ; and near it is a cafHe of ihc 
 iame name, belonging to the duke of New- 
 caftle, but much reglefted at prefent. Here 
 king Charles I. firft crcfled the royal ftandard 
 in 1642. In it count Tallard was confined 
 for feven years, after having been taken pri- 
 foner at the battle of Blenheim. 1 he prin- 
 cipal manufaflures here are frame-knitting of 
 (lockings, fome g'afs and earthen ware, par- 
 ticularly tea pots and cups. As they brew 
 very good ale here, fo they make the hefl: 
 malt, great quantities of which is fent by 
 land-carriage into the neighbouring counties. 
 Here are three neat churches ; the principal 
 of thefe is St. Mary. 1 his town has more 
 gentlemen's houfes in it than any other of its 
 bignefs in Great Britain. It fends two mem- 
 bers to parliament, has very convenient cel- 
 larage in the rocks, gives title of Farl to the 
 Finch famiiy, with that of Winchelfea ; and 
 lies 34 miles from Lincoln, and 122 from 
 London. Its markets are on Wednefday, 
 Friday, and Saturday. 
 
 NOTTI'NGHAMSHIRE, a county of 
 England. It is bounded by Lincolnlhire on 
 the E. Leicerterfhirc on the S. E. and S. by 
 Derbylhire on the W. and by Yorkfhire on 
 the N. W. and N. It is forty-three miles 
 long, and twenty-four broad. It contains 
 nine market-towns, 168 pari(hes,4i^o villages, 
 with 95,000 inhabitants. The air is mild 
 and healthy. It is watcied by at leaf! twen- 
 ty rivers, great and fmall, the principal of 
 which are the Trent and Idle. It lies in 
 the diocefc of York, and midland circuit, 
 fending two knights of the fhire, with two 
 members each for Nottingham, Kafl Ret- 
 ford, and Newark upon Trent. In thi.<; 
 county is the famous Sherwood forelt ; tlie 
 road through which is pleiifant, and a hard 
 bottom for thirty miles together, and in fabu- 
 lous tradition cclclirated among the rommcn 
 people, as the refoit of Robin Hood, and 
 the fcenc of Icvera! of bis exploits, £ff. 
 
 NOTUS, S. [Lat.J the fouih wind. 
 
 NOTWITH-
 
 N O U 
 
 N U L 
 
 NO'TWITHSTAN'DING, Conj. with-; KOl'^R-SHMKNT, S. that whiHiisgi-cn 
 <e>ut any hinJrat. ct or obitruclicn. " "Hicir ; or rtceiveJ in order to promote the growth, 
 gratitude made tlum, Kdivuhfijitdirg Msj or fupport the llitiigih of a pen'on or thing ; 
 
 "" prohibition, prociuim the uonders." Dee. 
 tif Pic:y. Alrhougl. *' Ncnui:!:.Jlavdii:g it 
 " will weaken him." JdJif. Kevtrthckfs ; 
 however. '' They that honoiii the law, — 
 *• are nc'ivhlJiamiU;} to know.'" Hooker. 
 
 NO'VKL, Adj. [Ko-jeU:,::, Lat ] new; late- 
 ly made or done \ unuraai. In Civil J.iw, 
 
 liipportof llren^in or growtli; fupply of no- 
 ceiijrics. 
 
 NOW, A.^j [ru, Sax. Pref. RJg. and old 
 Teiit. rauh, Goth. J at this time ; at the pre- 
 fent time ; a little while ago. Vvlien begin- 
 ning fevcral branclie.'; of a fcntcnce, it im- 
 plies the prefent time in the firlt, and ano- 
 
 juined as a ftip^lcment to the Code ; a differ- ther time in the fuofeqiient branches. In 
 
 _ in form or m.inner, 
 
 NOVEL, S. Uiovelle, Fr.] an ingenius 
 relation of an adventure or intrigue ; a lo- 
 mance. 
 
 KO'VELI->T, S. an innovator ; an aHer- 
 •ter of fomclhing new j one who writes tales, 
 called Kc-z'fh. 
 
 NO'VEr.TY, S. [rrf^vj;..-/, Fr.l ncwnefsj 
 the ftate of a thing unknown before. 
 
 NOVi'MBER. S. [l.at. Ki-i.'cr,w'e, Fr.] 
 the eleventh mmrh cf the year, reekoning 
 January the firfl ; but th? ninth, whui 
 March was accounted the fi;It. 
 
 NOVE'NARY, S. [fi-.-vcM^ius, Lat, J a 
 iiupber cr collection confiirmg cf n;ne. 
 
 NOVE'RC.-^L, Adj. [rrx-.frf«As, Lat.] be 
 coming or like » Uep-mother. Figuratively, j hurtful, miichievous, deltrucftivc 
 cruel, or wantinc; the tendernefs of a natur-1 wlioleromc. 
 
 frimihar fpecch it implies the prefcnt ftate of 
 things. Ncu.' arJ then, implies, fome lime 
 or another, or at different times. 
 
 NOW, S. the prefent moment. 
 
 NO'VV-A-DAYS, Adv. in the prefent age. 
 
 NO'Vv'ED, Adj. [tiGu'}, Fr.J in Heraldry, 
 knotted or wreathed. 
 
 NO'WHKRE, Adv. [«7i;i<rr. Sax j not 
 in any pi xe. 
 
 N(.VVV|SE, Adv. [from r.t and liij't, 
 Bclg.] not In any manner or degree. 
 
 NO'XiOiJS, Adj. \noxvjs, Lat.] hurtful; 
 dctlruffivc ; iin-wholefonie In Law, gu Ity 
 or li.ible to puniihment. " Ncxioui in the eye 
 *< of the law." Erjmhall. 
 
 NO'XIOLSNKSS, S. the quality of being 
 
 ua- 
 
 mother. 
 
 NOUGHT, S. lnscht^Kolt,na'W}ht,nr^vit, 
 ^ax. See A'^.'^/'/."i not any thing; nothing. 
 To Jet at nought, fignifies to fliglit, difrcgard, 
 fc<.rn, ©r to loolc on a thing -as of ))o yalue 
 or importance. 
 
 NOVICE, S. [Fr. ncx-.-'.';<j, 'at.l one not 
 acquainted with any thing ; a freih man ; 
 one juft entered into tlie rudiments or eie- 
 inenrs of any ^rt or fcience ; one who is en- 
 tered into a rci!t,ious houfe or tonvciit, but 
 has not vet t.;ken the vov.-. 
 
 NOVI'CIATE, S,|r«vV.;jf, Fr.] the n..to 
 of a noyice ; the time in » hicli the firft rudi- 
 ments of gny fcience are taupht ; the time 
 /pent in a icligious houfe, by way of trial, 
 fccfore taking the vow 
 
 NO'XIOL'SLY, Adv. hurtfully ; in fuch 
 a manner ij to be pernicious and unwholc- 
 fome. 
 
 NO'ZLE, S. [a diminuthe of vfe] t4:e 
 nofe, fnout, or end of any thing which is 
 holk)W'. See Ncfe. 
 
 To NU'BBLE, V, A. [from knob] to bruifc 
 with t!ie fift. 
 
 NL-'BLE, Adj. [Fr. nuhlFr, Lat.] fit for 
 marriage. 
 
 NU'CLEUS, S. [Lat 1 in Botany, the ker- 
 nel or edible part of a nut, or (lone fruit; airy 
 fruit contained within a hulk or fliell. In 
 Art.onomy, the body of a comet, by fonre 
 called its head, iii c-jntradillinftion of its tail. 
 J he central parts of the earth and other planets. 
 In Aichiteelure, the middle part of the floor- 
 
 NOL'N, S. [i.cir., Fr. rcme/i, Lat.] a wor.i ing of the ancients, confilling of a (Irong ce- 
 by which any thing, quality, or accident i.'i I ment, over which they laid the 1)avement, 
 expiefTed ; or a word which, by mutual a- i bound with mortar. In Surgery, any thing 
 greemcrit, is ufid to exprefs any idea. '> about which matter is gathered, and clofely 
 
 To NOURISH, V. A. [pronounced wr- adheres. 
 
 rijh ; from n&urrir, Fr.] to increafe the di 
 irenHons of any thing, or fupport by food. 
 Figuratively, to fupport or maintain ; to en- 
 courage or foment ; to train up or educate. 
 Neuterly, to increafe in growth or flrength 
 by means of food. 
 
 NL"DITY, S. [nudke', Fr. from nudui, 
 Lat.] nakedncfs. 
 
 NU'GATORY, Adj. [mgatorlus, Lat.] 
 trifiing; inftgnificant. " Too much addicted 
 '« to the nugatory art." Bcntley, 
 
 NU'ISANCE, S. [Fr pronounced na/in.-f] 
 
 NOU'RISHABLE, Adj. capable of afford- i foinething which is bo'li pernicious and offen- 
 ing nourifhmcnt ; capable oi increafing the five. In Law, any thing which damages or 
 growth, or fuppoi ting flrength ; ceip.jblc of j annoys the neighbourhood, 
 having its growth or firength fupportcd by To NULL, V. A. [r.ulhs, Lat.] to deprive 
 food. I of force or efficacy. To let aflde^ applied to 
 
 NOU'RISHER, S. the perfon who fup- ' laws 
 ports or maintains ; the thing or food which i NULL, Adj. [.W.'.v.'j Lat.] void ; oi no 
 increafcs ;;ro*th and fupports flrength. | force or efficacy.
 
 N U M 
 
 NULLj S. fomething that has no power or 
 meaning. The msrks, in cyphered writings, 
 which Ihmd for nothiiic;, are md^s. 
 
 NULLIIJIKTY, S. [nuliibi, Lat.j the rtate 
 of being no where. 
 
 ToNULLIFV, V A. to make voiJ, or 
 render of no force or efircary. 
 
 NULLITY, S. \nullve\ Fr.] want of 
 force or efficacy ; want of ey-iltcnce. 
 
 NUMB. Adj. fHeh.] deprived of feeling 
 in a great meafuie and the power of motion ; 
 producing fwcli a chiilnefs, a: almoil deprives 
 of the povver of motion and feeling. 
 
 To NUMB, V. A. to deprive, in a great 
 meafure, of the power of motion, and the 
 fenfe cf feeling, by cold or a blow. 
 
 To KU'MBKR, V. A. 1 r.owbicr, Fr. r.u- 
 miro, Lat.J to count, reckon, or tell Iw.v 
 m^ny are contained in any coUccflioH or 
 film. 
 
 .ND'MBF.R, S. [vcmJ-rc, Fr. ruinerus, Lat ] 
 that fpecies of tjwantity, which anf-.vers to the 
 ^ueftion : " H'.ivmany.'" Any particular 
 « colleflion of nnits ; many; moic than one. 
 Harmony, or proportion calculated by niim- 
 bcrs. In Poetry, a verfc. In Grammar, the 
 variation or termination of a noun, by wliich 
 it fignifies a fingle one, or more than one. 
 
 NU'iVinRR;'J,R, S. one who counts how 
 many finglc ones or units are contained in 
 any collcifiion. 
 
 NU'MBERLT="SS, Adj. rot to be counted ; 
 not to be exprjlTed by numl)ers. 
 
 NU'MBNESS, S. the (tare of being, in a 
 great meafure, deprived of the fenfe of feel- 
 ing, and the power of motion. 
 
 NU'MERASLE, Adj. [ Fr. mtmcrabiih, 
 Lat ] capable of being counted, or exprtlTcd 
 by figures. 
 
 NU'MERAL, Adj. [Fr. from rumerus, 
 Lat J btlonging to, or confiding of num- 
 bers. 
 
 NU'MERALLY, Adv. according to num- 
 ber. 
 
 NU'MERARY, Adj. \n,fr.e,-us, Lat.] any 
 thing belong-ng to a ceit.dn number. 
 
 NUME'R ATION,S. [Fr. r.umcratio, Lat.] 
 the art of numbering. In Arithmetic, the 
 rule which teiches to csprefs any number 
 propofed in figures, and to read any number 
 written in fig;ires, 
 
 NU'?vIERATOR, S. [Lat] one that reads 
 any numljer, or counts any colie(flion ; the 
 upper figure in a vulgar fraction, which fhews 
 bow many parts the int'.-ger is fiippofed to be 
 divided into, as exprefled by the fraiflion : 
 thus in the fradion |, the figure 7 is the nu- 
 merator. 
 
 NUMK'RICAL, Adj. [mw.erus, Lat.] de- 
 roting number ; belonging to number : the 
 fame not only inkind or fpecies, butlikewife 
 in number. 
 
 NUMERICALLY', Adv. with reOied to 
 number. 
 
 N U R 
 
 NU'MERIST, .S. one that conHders num- 
 hers as having fomc fecret influence on pcr- 
 fons or things. 
 
 NUMERO'SITY, S. {fwmerofus, Lat.j 
 number ; multitude ; the ftate of being nu- 
 merous. Harmony, or agreeable flow, ap- 
 plied to veifc. 
 
 NU'MFROUS, Adj. [numcrcfusy Laf.] con- 
 tainiog or confiding of many. 
 
 KU'MK.ROUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 coniiilingof many. i he quality of exciting 
 a fcniation of harmony or melody, applied 
 to verft. 
 
 NU'MMARY, Adj. [from wawwai, Lat.} 
 relat ng to money. 
 
 NU'VlVIULAR, Adj. [nummulcirhs, Lat.) 
 relating to money. 
 
 NU'TmSKULL, S. [probable from numb, 
 infciUible, and y^;;//] a perfon of flow capa- 
 city ; a dunce, or blockhead. 
 
 NU'MSKULLED, Adj. dull ; ftupid. 
 NUN, S. [ot(». Sax, noiwe, Fr.] n femala 
 belonging to a religious houfe, by her vow 
 debarred from any converfe \\\l\\ the male 
 lix. In Natural Hiftory, a kind of bird. 
 
 NU'iSfCIATURE, S. [{torn nunciatus, o^ 
 numb, Lat.] the office of a ivjncio. 
 
 NU'NCIO, S. [Ital.] a mefienger; ao 
 envoy or imbadidor from the Pope. 
 
 NL'NCUPATIVE, or NU'NCUPATO- 
 RY, Adj. [m<ncu^atif, FT.nuKCufaC!'vus,'Lat.'\ 
 publicklv or solemnly declared ; pronounced 
 or exprciR-d by words. 
 
 NU'NNERY, S. [from «.«] ahoufefor 
 the reception of religious females, who by 
 vow are obliged to have no commerce with 
 men. 
 
 NU'PTIAL, Adj. [Fr. nuptialis, Lat.] be- 
 longing to marriage. 
 
 NU'PTIALS,S. [it has no fingalarj from 
 nufriee, Lat.] marriage, 
 
 NURSE, S. ^nouryiffe, Fr.] a woman who 
 bi'ings up thechild of another, or has thecare 
 of a fick peifon ; one that breeds, educate";,. 
 or proteds. " Rome, ihenurje of judgment." 
 Shak The flate of being nurfcd. In Com- 
 pofition, applied to any thing that fupplies 
 nurture, food, or aliment, 
 
 To NUR.se, V. A, [nounh; Fr. or by 
 contraction from tiourijh] to bring u^ 'the 
 child of another perf6n ; to feed, keep, or 
 maintain ; to take care of a fick perfon j ta 
 pamper, foment, encourage, or cherifh. 
 
 NU'RSER, S. one that niirfes or takes 
 careof theinfant of another, or a fickperfon; 
 one that encourages or foments. 
 
 NU'RSER Y, S. the aa or office of bring- 
 ing up the child of another, or attending a 
 fick perfon j that which is the objecfl of a 
 nurfc'scare ; a plantation of young trees to 
 be tranfplanted ; the place where yoiing chil- 
 dren are fiiken care of, and brought up ; the 
 place: or date where any thing is fodered or 
 brought up. 
 
 NU'RSLING,
 
 N Y M 
 
 NU'RSLTNG, S. [a dimunitive o^trurfc] 
 one that is iirought up by a nurfe. 
 
 NU'RTURE, S. jcontrafted from roaW- 
 turc, oinounlr, Fr.] food, diet, or any thing 
 •which fupports life, or promotes growth. 
 
 To NU'RTURE, V. A. to educate, or 
 bring up. 
 
 To NU'STLE, V. A. [corrupted from 
 Kurfle] to fondle or cherith. 
 
 NUT, S. \hnut. Sax. noil, Belg. noce, Ital. 
 »KX, Lut.] the fruit of a tree, conlidin" of a 
 kernel covered by a hard (hell ; the worm of 
 a fcrew. 
 
 NU'TBRO"WN, Adj. brown as, or of the 
 colour of, a nut kept lon<;. 
 
 NU'TCR ACKER, S. 'an inftrument ufcd 
 in cracking the fl)ellsof nuts. 
 
 NU'TGALL, S. the excrefccnce of an 
 oak. 
 
 NU'THOOK, S. a (lick with a hook at 
 the end, ufed in pulling down the boughs of 
 a tree to gather nuts. 
 
 NU TMEG, S. [nut and mu^uet, Fr.]the 
 kernel of a large fruit like a peach, feparated 
 from the mai-e wiiich furrounds it. It is ot 
 a round'fli oval figure, of a conipacl or firm 
 texture, furrowed in its fuvface, of an agree- 
 able fmell, and aromatic tafte. 1 he male is 
 Ung and cylindrical, but lefs aro;natic than 
 the female, which is Ihapcd like an olive. 
 The tree refcmblts our pear-tree, its leaves 
 
 OAT 
 
 o. 
 
 O, 
 
 have a fragrant fmcU whtiher green or dry, undcrdanding 
 
 Tlie fourteenth letter of the alpha- 
 bet, and the fourth vowel ; is bor- 
 
 _ rowed by us from the Saxon, and is 
 
 written in that language, and in the Latin and 
 Greek, from whence it is originally derived 
 in the fame form. When followed by an a 
 fervilc, or an a not pronounced, or by an e 
 at the end of a word, which is mute likewife, 
 it is pronounced long ; otherwife it is gene- 
 rally fhort, excepting before //, as in drolly 
 which is pronounced drok. Among the Irifli 
 it is ufed at the beginning of the name of a 
 family, as a charader of dignity, and ferves 
 to diflinguilh thofe houfes from the common- 
 alty. Among the ancient Romans it is u ed 
 as a numerical letter, lignifying eleven, and, 
 when a da(h was added at the top, thus O, 
 to fignify ii,ooo. In Mufic, the great O is 
 a note of time called a femibreve. 
 
 O, Intcrj. [o, Goth.] nfcd to exprefs either 
 wilhing, exclamation, or a fenfation of pain. 
 Uted lubllantively, for a circle. " Withio 
 " this wooden 0." Shak. 
 
 OAF, S. [written likewife at:f, cfe, and 
 cl^'b, and is a corruption of alf, ahe, Belg.] 
 a changeling j a perfon of weak undcrftand- 
 ing ; a tool. 
 
 OA'FISH, Adj. ftupid J filly; of a weak 
 
 and the trunk or br.nchcs, when cut, pro- 
 duce a red liquor like blood. 
 
 NU'TRIMENT, S. ( »afn'».t;;.'«w, Lat.] 
 that which feeds or nourilhes. 
 
 NUTRlxME'NTAL, Adj. ha\ing the 
 qualities of food ; artbrding nourifhment. 
 
 NU'TRI'TION, S [Fr. nut/iih. Lit.] the 
 aft or quality of fupporting Ifrtngth, and in- 
 trealing growth. 
 
 NU'IRI'TIOUS, Adj. [nutriu!, from ;;«- 
 trl», Lat.] having the quality of fupporting 
 the ftrength, orincrealJug the growth. 
 
 NU Tkl'TIVE, Adj [tn.nitus, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the power to nourilh. 
 
 NU'TRITURE, S. the power of nourilh- 
 ing. 
 
 NU'TSH^^LL, S. the hard (he!! or fub- 
 flance, which inclofcs the kernel of a nut. 
 
 NU'T-TK EE, S. a tree that bears nuis. 
 
 To NU'ZZLE, V. A. to nurfe or foUcr 5 
 to go with the nofe dow n like a hog 
 
 NYMPH, S. [r.ymyba, Lat. from HijM<f)»i, 
 Gr.] in ancient Mcthology, a goddt-fs of the 
 •wooos, meadows, or waters. In Poetry, a 
 Toung lady, gtn<.rally applied to one that is u 
 virgin. 
 
 N^'MPHAL, Adj. belonging to nymphs. 
 
 OA'FISHNESS, S. the quality of being 
 flupid, foolilli, and of a wciik underftanding. 
 OAK. S. \aac, ac, tec, bax. tck, Run.j 
 in Botanv, the ^ucrcus, a niafl bearing tree, 
 fo named from K-fyu, Gr. to make rough, 
 on account of the loughnefs of its bark. Lin- 
 nrus pLces it in the 8th li:^. of his 21ft 
 clals. 1 he fpecics are 20. 
 
 OA'K-ArPLK, S. a kind of fpungy ex- 
 crcfcenre, which !;iows on an oak. 
 
 OA'KEN, Adj. [amn, Sax.] made of 
 oak. 
 
 OA'KEN riN. S. an ppr'c (o called from 
 its hardncls ; it is a lalling Iruil, yields ex- 
 cellent juice, and is like tlie Weftbury-apple 
 in nature, though not in form. 
 
 O.'^'Kl'M, S. ropes untwilteil, and ra- 
 ced to h mp, wl.icii are made life of, wlitrt 
 dipped in pitch, to caulk, or flop the leaks 
 of lliips. 
 
 OAR, S. Fare, Sax. /irtrc, Dan. <:«»-, Tft.] 
 a long pole with a broad tliin end, by which 
 boats and otiier vclitls *re rowed or moved 
 along the water. 
 
 lo OAR, V. N. to row. Aftivt!y, lo 
 move by lowing, or I<y means of t)ars. 
 
 OA'RY, Adj. ri.-fcni'bling an oar. 
 
 OA'T-CAKE, S. [from e<-ri] a cake made 
 of the mc.d q( oats. 
 
 OA'TEN, Adj. [from can and eii] made 
 of oats, 01 of ihe flalks of oats. 
 
 4 OATi;,
 
 OBJ 
 
 O B L 
 
 OATH, S. [aitb, Goth, atv, Sax.] a fo- fented to' the mind by the fenfes or imigina- 
 n affirmation, wherein we apply to God lioii ; the matter ot an art or fcience, or that 
 
 ; witnefs of thetrut!) of uhat wc fay. In about which it is employed. The Tfiaterial ob- 
 juJiciul appeals of this nature, an oath con-\ jeSi, is the thing jtfelf which is confidcred : 
 t j'lns likewife a claufe, which becomes a curfe, thus the human body is the ir.atenal objeB of 
 •a cafe of wilful faKity or perjury, as we beg medicine. Tht formai oijeS}, is the manner 
 ro be faved only in proportion to the truth in which it is conlldcred : thus the humaa 
 
 ct our evidence. 
 
 OA'THAi.'.LE, Adj. capable of taking an 
 <.th. '^ Yoa arc n^t ojt/jjLk." Sbak. Not 
 i'.i ufr, 
 
 OA'THBREAKING, S. perjury, or the 
 
 Idtion of an oath. 
 
 OA'TMEAL, S. [generally pronounced 
 
 ::.il] flour made l)y grinding oats. In Bo- 
 y, the name of an herb. 
 
 OATS, S. [atcn, Sax. ceiuefe. Ruff.] a 
 kind of bearded grain, of which a co.irfe 
 bread is made in fomc countries, and ufed 
 likewife for food for horfcs. 
 
 body, confidcred with a view of healing it, 
 is the formal oLjeH of medicine. In Gram- 
 mar, a word which is governed by another ; 
 thus the accufitive is called the chled of a 
 verb tranfitive. 
 
 OB'JECT-GLASS, S. the glafs of a tele- 
 fcope, or a microfcopc, which is neareft the 
 thing to be viewed, and fartheft from the eye. 
 
 To OBJECT, V. A. [chjcaer, Fr.] to op- 
 pofe ; to accufe w itli a fault, crime, or fonic- 
 thing not confident with reafon. 
 
 OBJE'CTION, S.^ [Fr. djiaio, Lat.] the 
 a£t of placing any thing in oppofition ; the 
 
 To OBDU'CE, V. A. l_cbduco^ Lat.] to a£t of oppofing any argument, or charging 
 
 draw over as a covering. 
 
 OBDU'RACY. S. [from obdurate] a ftate 
 wherein a perfon is moved by no entreaties, 
 intimidated by no threats, but remains im- 
 penitently wicked, or barbaioully hard- 
 hearted. 
 
 OBDU'RATE, Adj. [obJur.vm, Lat.] im- 
 penitently wicked ; immovcabh cruel. 
 
 OUUU'RATELY, Adv. iii a Itubborn, 
 inficKible, or impenitent manner. 
 
 OBDU'RATENESS, .S. the quality of be- 
 ing impenitent, iiificxibie, or obllinate. 
 
 OBDU'RATIOM, S. hardnefs of heart j 
 ftubliornnefs. 
 
 OGE'DIEKCE, S. [Fr.rWif«rw,Lat.] the 
 perform^iiice of tht ciminands of a fuperior. 
 OBE'IMENT, Adj. \ohidler.i, Lat.] per- 
 forming or complying with the commands of 
 a fuperior. 
 
 OBEDIE'NTIAL, Adj. {vbidkntlal, Fr,] 
 according to the rules of obcdisnce. 
 
 OBE'DIENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to perform the commands of a fuperior. 
 
 OBEl'SANCE, S. iMaiJatue, Fr.J a bow, 
 applied to a man ; a couritfy, applied to a 
 woman. 
 
 O'HELISC. or O'BELISK, S. [obdijcui, 
 Lat. from c?e>.o,, Gr.j a pyramid very flcnder 
 and high, having foui faces, IcfTcning gr.idu- 
 ally upwards, till it tcrniinatfS in a point, 
 generally raiicd as an ornament in fome public 
 place. ]n Printing, a mark made in the 
 margin of a book, iiftd as a uole, and form- 
 ed thus f . 
 
 ORERA'TION, S. U'eratus, of ohcro, 
 Lat.] the adt of wandering about. 
 
 Oi3EiiE, Auj. [obej'us, Lac] fat; corpulent. 
 OBE'SENF.SS, or ORE'SITY, S. [from 
 abefe] too great or exccffivc corpulency. 
 
 To OBE'Y, Y. A. [deir, I'r.J to perforin 
 the commands of a fuperior. 
 
 OB'jEC I', S. [dj.a, Fr. djalum, Lat.] 
 that about whicli any uf the fenfes or mind is 
 employed ; fomcthiug appichciidcd.and pic- 
 
 with a crime j an argument produced in op- 
 pofition to fomething already aHerted j a- 
 fault found. 
 
 OBJE'CTIVE, Adj. [objeBlf, Fr.] be- 
 longing to or contained in the objcft. " Oh- 
 ^* jeBi-ve certainty is when the oppofition is 
 " certainly true in itfelf, ^nifuhjeai've^whta 
 •• we are certain of it." JVatss. 
 
 OBJE'CTIVELY, Adv. in the manner of 
 an object ; in the ftate of oppofition. 
 
 OBJE'CTIYENESS, S. the ftate of being 
 an objeft. 
 
 OBJE'CTOR, S. one who raifis difficul- 
 ties againft an opinion oralTcrtion. 
 
 OBJURGA'TION, S. [objur^ath. Lit.} 
 reproof} reproach. 
 
 OBLA'TE, Adj. [oblacus, Lat.] flatted at 
 the poles, applied to fpheroid. 
 
 OBLA'TION, S. [oblaiio, Lat.] anything 
 offered to God as a facrifice, or an a£l of 
 worlhip. 
 
 To OB'LIGATE, V. A. [clliram, Lat. 
 oi obl'igo, Lat.] to bind by contract, kindnefi, 
 or duty. 
 
 OBLIGA'TION, S. [Fr. ohllgatio, Lat.] 
 the neceUity of doing or omitting any action 
 in order to be happy ; the binding power of 
 any oath, vow, duty, or contra(f> ; an art 
 which binds to fome perf»rmance ; a favour 
 which binds a man to gratitude. In Law, a 
 bond, wherein is contained a penalty condi- 
 tioned for the payment of money. 
 
 OBLIGATORY, Adj. [M,gatdrc, Fr.] 
 binding, or having the power to enforce the 
 performance or omifliun of fomething ; cor 
 ercive. 
 
 To OBLI'GE, V. A. [pronounced obltegt\ 
 obligtr, Fr.] to bind, enforce, or compel to 
 fomething 5 to lender thcdoingor not doing 
 of fomething neccflaiy in order to fome cndj 
 to pleafe, or gratify. " The fame duties tlitt 
 " oblige, their prince." ^ddif. 
 
 OBLIGE'E, S. the ptnfon bound by a 
 written contraftor bond. 
 
 03LIGER,
 
 O B N 
 
 OBLI'GER, S. he who binds by any con- 
 trxft. 
 
 OBLI'GTNCt, Part, and Adj. [pronounced 
 thlceging, from obliznm, Lat.J civil ; con- 
 feiring a favour in fuch a manner as lo ren- 
 der the receiver bownd to make returns of 
 gratitnde. 
 
 OBLI'GINGLY, Adv. [pronounced o- 
 Ikcgingfy] in a kind, civil, and engaging 
 manner. 
 
 OBLl'GTNGNESS, S. [pronounced cW?f- 
 g^ngr!cfi\ the quality of contl-rring a favour, 
 or doing a kindnefs, fo as to render the re- 
 ceiver indebted to mjke returns of gratitude ; 
 civility. 
 
 OBLI'QUE, Adj. [Fr. olUjuus, Lat.] 
 aflant ; not in a ftrait line, or perpendicular 
 direftion ; indirc<fl. In Gr:inimar, applied 
 to all cafes of nouns, excepting the nomina- 
 tive. 
 
 OBLI'QUELY, Adv. in an indireft man- 
 ner; in a direftion whicii is neither perpen- 
 dicular, nor in a ftrait line j not in the diredl 
 or literal meaning. 
 
 OBLrQUENESS, or OBLl'QL'ITY, S. 
 [obUjuite, Fr.] a deviation from natural reOi- 
 mde; a deviation from a perpendicular or a 
 right line ; a deviation from moral reftitude, 
 ©f the rules of morality. 
 
 To OBLI'TERATE, V. A. [obllteratus, 
 Lat.] to efface or rub out any thing written ; 
 to wear out, deftroy, or eflkce from the mc- 
 moty, 
 
 OBLITERA'TION, S. iobnteratio, Lat.] 
 the act of effacing any thing written, or de- 
 fcroying any monumental infcription, orren- 
 <lering any thing forgotten, or not to be 
 traced by the memory. 
 
 OBLI'VION, S. Uin-vio, Lat.] the ftate 
 of the mind wherein it is unable to revive the 
 trcces or ideas of things once feen ; f^rgetful- 
 nefs. An a6i cf cbli-viori, is an aft wherein a 
 oeneral pardon is proclaimed for offences 
 againft a frate. 
 
 OBLl'VIOUS, Adj. [cbli'vkfus, Lat.] cauf- 
 ing forgetfulnefs 
 
 OBL O'NG, Adj. [Tr.ohkngus, Lat.] longer 
 than broad. 
 
 OBLO'NGNESS, S. the quality or ftate 
 of being broader than long. 
 
 O'BLOQUY, S. \obh'ji!er, Lat.] ccnfo- 
 rious fpccch ; language by which any perfon 
 or thing is reprcfentcd to its difadvantage ; 
 flander ; the caufc of lepro.-xh. 
 
 OBNO'XIOrS, A,},]{obncx:us, I.Ht.] fub- 
 je£l ; liable to bepunifbcd; liable to be ex- 
 pofcd. 
 
 OBNO'XIOUSNE-SS, S. the quality oi 
 ftate of being fubjcft, or being liable to pu- 
 nilhment. 
 
 OBNO'XIOUSLY, Adv. in a ftate of fi'b- 
 jeflion, or in 'he ftate of one li.ible to piinifh- 
 ment. 
 
 To OnNU'BlLATE, V. A. labi.ubuktum, 
 Lat J to cioud J to make obfcure. 
 
 \ 
 
 O B S 
 
 CRSCE'NE, Adj. [Fr. cbfciPrut, Lat.J 
 iiTiniodcft ; iiinitty; ruiling unchafie ideas; 
 offi iilive or difj^ui'titig ; inaufpicioiis ; un- 
 lucky. " Birds ohfccfie take flight." Dryd. 
 
 OB.'^CE'NELY, Adv. in an immodeft, 
 unchafte, or fimuty manner. 
 
 OB.SCE'NENESS, or OBSCE'NITY, S. 
 \o'-fccniit', Fr. ] impurity or immodefcy in 
 thought, word, or deed. 
 
 Or!SCL'RA'TION, S. [ohpurcifh, Lat.l ' 
 the aft of darkening, or depriving of light ; 
 the ftate of being deprived of light. 
 
 ORSCU'RF, Adj. [ohfcur, Fr. dfcu-us, i 
 Lat.J dark ; gloomy. Net eafily to be under- i 
 flood J perplexed or difficult, applied to writ- 
 ings. Not noted or famous. " He is an 
 " cbj'cu'c perfon." ^-I'.icyh. 
 
 lo OBSCU'RE, V. A. \ohja,ro, Lat.] to 
 d.:rkcFi ; to make lefs vifible. Figur.itively, 
 to render lefs eafy to be undcrflood, applied 
 to the mind. To deprive of beauty or dig- 
 nity, applied to rank. 
 
 OESCU'RELY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to (hew want or privation of light ; in a 
 dark or gloomy manner ; out of fight ; in a 
 mean, private m.mner j in a ftation neither j 
 confpicuous or famous. 
 
 OBSCU'RENESS, or OBSCU'RITY, S. 
 [ohfcuritc, Fr. olfcuntas, Lat.] a ftate of diik- 
 nefs, or that wherein is a privatirn of light ; 
 piivacy ; a ftate \\ herein a perfon lives unoli- 
 fervi.d, or unknown. Darknefs of meaning, 
 applied to words, 
 
 OBSECRA'TIONT, S. [cbfccrath, Lat.] ia- 
 treaty or fupplication. 
 
 0'BSE(VU1ES, S. {ohjcque^, Fr. from cb- 
 fc^u'ium, Lat.] the funeial orbuiial rites per- 
 formed by way of rcfpeft to a perfon at his 
 inleroient. Milton and Crafhaw ufe it in 
 the fingular, which Johnfon fuppofes more 
 proper, though the whole body of authors 
 is againft them. " With filent objtquy, and 
 " fuiiernl train." Milt. Agoiiift. ^_ 
 
 OBSE'QIIIOUS, Adj. [from ohjcqmum, 
 Lat,] obedient j compLifant in order topleafe I 
 or gratify. ] 
 
 OBSE'(:^I0rSNESS,S.pafnveobedicnce, '' 
 or compliance with the humours and wifiics 
 of another, ir order to gain hiseftecm. 
 
 O r; S K'R V A B I E , Adj . [ from obfcr-vo, Lat.] J 
 remarkable ; df ferving notice, 
 
 OBsr.'RVANCE, S. [Fr.] rcfpeft; reli- 
 gious or ccrcnionial reverence; ihepraft'ceof 
 any duty or command; a I iw or rule for 
 praftice or conduft j careful obedience ; at- 
 tention ; regard. 
 
 OBSE'RVA\T, Part, [olfni'am, Lat.} 
 ,itter.;ive; c^srefu! ; watchful; obedient; vc- 
 fpcftfully attentive ; fuhmifhve. 
 
 OBbKR V A'TION, S. [ Vv.obfc,-vatlo,'L7M.1 
 the aft of taking nctice of thing? and perfons, 
 and drawing ii/fcrentes therel)y ; a repiaik ; 
 an animadvcrfion ; a notion ganed by cor- 
 fidering pcrf'.ns or things. In ^ca Lan- 
 guage, the aft of taking the fun or any ftar s 
 
 Bieri-
 
 O B S 
 
 O B T 
 
 thich 
 
 hieridian altituJe, to find the latitude of a j m«nt, which hinders the adion of any body, 
 place. or the exertion of the powers and faculties of 
 
 OBSERVA'TO"?, S. fe^/fr't>^f.'Kr,Fr.] one the body or the foul. In Medicine, the ftop- 
 that confiders a tiling attentively, or makes page, or blocking up any canal or pafllge in 
 remarks on any occurrence ; one that makes the human body, fo as to prevent the flowin<» 
 obfervjrionsconcernini.'; the heavenly bodies, of any fluid through it. 
 
 OBSERVA'TORVrs. a place built for OBSTRU'CTIVE, Adj. [dflyu^if, Fr.] 
 making aflronon.ical obfervations, or obfcrv- car.Iing hindrance or impediment, 
 ing the heavenly bodieF. 
 
 To OBSE'RVE, V. A. fd/crwr, Fr. oi- 
 fervo, Lat. ] to watch ; to look at; to regard 
 or confiderwith attention; to perceive by 
 attention ; to regard ; to keep reiioioudy. 
 Neuterly, to apply the mind or eye with great 
 attenti-jn ; to be attentive. 
 
 OBSfl'RVER, S. one who looks vigilant- 
 ly or attentively at perfons, or things ; one 
 that remarks, looks on, or beholds j one 
 who praOifes any rite, cuftom or law. 
 
 OBSTRU'CTIVE, S. any thing 
 hinders or impedes. 
 
 OB'STRUENT, Part, [clfrucm, Lat.] 
 flopping or blocking up any pada^e. 
 
 OBSTUPEFA'CTIYE, Adj. {olfiupvfaatn, 
 from objiupcfacio, Laf.] ^unifying j or ob- 
 truding the vigour of the mind. " The 
 " force of it is oLflupefaEli'ver A-Aot. 
 
 To OB'A'IN, V. A. [oLtemr, Fr. cbti- 
 neo, Lat.] to gain, acquire, or procure by 
 means of labour and diligence ; to acquire 
 OBSE'RVINGLY, Adv. with attention ,j by means of favours or intreaty. Neuterly, 
 heed, or care. to continue in ufe ; to be eflablifhtd ; to 
 
 OBSE'SSION, S. [oifefo, Lat.] the aft of 
 befieging. In Divinity, the firfl attack of 
 Satan, antecedent to pollinion. 
 
 OBSOLE'TE, Adj. \olfktus, Lat.] not 
 in ufe ; worn out ; unfafhionabie, 
 
 OBSOLE'TEN'ESS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing no longer ufed or of being out of fjlhion. 
 OB'STACLE, S. fFr. olfiaculum, Lat. J 
 fomething which oppofes the exertion of any 
 power, either of body or mind. 
 
 OBSTE'TIUC. Adj. [c/^T?^.'?-;;^, Lat.] be- 
 longing to a midwife. 
 
 OBSTETRICA'TION, S. performing the 
 part of k midwife. 
 
 OB'STINACY, S. \ohflmathn, Fr. oljli- 
 fiatio, Lat. ) the ^(\ of refufing to a<fl or af- 
 fent, notwith landing the moil reRfonatle 
 and cogent motives. 
 
 .OBSTINATE, Adj. [ohftinatus, Lat.] re- 
 fufing to aft or aHent j immovably refotved. 
 OB'STINATELY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to remain culpably fi.ved or refolute ; 
 in fuch a !nar.ner as to be inflexibly refoiute. 
 OE'STINATENESS, S. the quality or 
 flate of being immovalily fixed in i. pinion, or 
 inflexibly rcfolvtd either to omit or commit 
 any adlion, not with ftanding the flrongeft 
 reafons to the contrary. 
 
 OBSTLWTION, S. I o '/?//.», Lat.] the 
 aft of (lopping ip any paflagc. 
 
 OBSTRPl'PER' )US. Adj.[c)/y?r</>frttj,Lat.] 
 making a loud noifc from a turbulent or ob- 
 flinate difpofition. 
 
 OBSTREPEROUSLY, Adv. in a noify 
 or clamorous manner. 
 
 OBSTRE'PEROUSNESS, S. loudnefs, oc- 
 cafioncd by clamour, obflinacy, or tuibu- 
 lence. 
 
 To OBSTRU'Cr, V. A. [otJiruSJus, from 
 thftruo, Lat.] to block up any p. fliige. Figu- 
 ratively, to hinder bar, or be in the way of ; 
 to oppofe, or retard by oppcfinf. 
 
 OBSTRU'CTION, S. \oQ,uak, Lat.] 
 any hindrance, difficulty, obltaclc, or impedi- 
 
 prevail or fucceed. 
 
 OBTA'INABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 procured. 
 
 OBTA'INER, S. one that acquires any 
 thing by labour, conceflion, or by means of 
 his own entreaties, and the kindnefs of an- 
 other. 
 
 'Jo OBTE'ND, V. A. [ohtendo, Lat.] to 
 oppofe ; to hold out in oppofuion ; to pre- 
 tend ; to make ufe of reafon as a pretext ; to 
 impute to as the caufe. " Cbter.dirg heav'n 
 " for whate'er ills befal." Dryd. Seldo.ii 
 ufed. 
 
 To OBTE'ST, V. A. \oLteftor, Lat.] to 
 befccch or implore. " 'Ghtji his mefcy." 
 Dryd. 
 
 OBTESTA'TION, S. {oLuJlath, Lat.] 
 tlie aft of befeechlng or imploring. 
 
 0BTRECTA'T10N,S. {dtretlatui, Lat.] 
 the aft of robbing a perfon of hi.s charafttr 
 or reputation, by the imputation of f'.;ll<: 
 crimes ; flander. 
 
 To OBTRl"DE, V. A. [obtnido, Lat ] to 
 force into any (late by violence or impolturej 
 to force by *requcnt importunity. 
 
 OBTRU'!>ER, S. a pcrlbn that endea- 
 vours 10 make any thing pafs for what it is 
 not, by impoftureand imjortunity. "The 
 " oZ-rr/zi/crj of falfe ones." Boyk. 
 
 OBTRU'SION. .S, [obtnifus, Lat ] the 
 aft of farcing in to any Hate by violence or 
 impoilure. 
 
 OBTRU'SIVE, Adj. inclined to forceonc's 
 fclf, or any thing clfe, upon another. " Not 
 " obvious, not oLtrnJt've, but retired." Par. 
 Loft. 
 
 ■ o OBTU'ND, V. A. [ol>a:r,Jo, Lat.] to 
 blunt, dull, quell, or dcidcn. 
 
 OBTURa'TION, S. [obturatui, Lat.] the 
 aft of flopping up any pafl;ige or aperture, by 
 fmeaving fomething over it. 
 
 OBTL'S.'/NGULAR, Adj. [from obtufus 
 i.nA an^ultis, Lat.] having obtufc angles, or 
 an<jles larger than right ones, 
 
 X X OBTUSS
 
 o c c 
 
 O G H 
 
 OBTUSE, Adj. [ohtujtis, Lat.] not po'mt-| fliut up. " Occluding the pores. 
 »J or (harp ; bUint. Figuratively, dull, flu- j Not in ufe. 
 
 Bratoit' 
 
 pificd ; notquick. " Thy fenfcs then cbtufe." 
 Par. Lo/}. Scarcely perceptible ; confuled. 
 *' An cbtufe found." 
 
 OBTUSELY, Adv. without an edge or 
 point ; in a dull, ftapid, and almoft infen 
 lihle manner 
 
 OuCLU'SE, Adj [occlufus, Lat.] (hut up ; 
 clofc'd. 
 
 OCCUTL-T, Adj. [occulte, Fr. ecailfus, 
 Lat. J fecret ; hidden ; unknown ; undifco- 
 verabie. 
 
 OCCULTA'TION, S. [occultatio, Lat.] 
 
 OBTUSION, S. the act of dulling or in A(tronomy, the hiding, or time of hiding 
 
 blaming ; the ftate of being made Itupid, or 
 in a great mcai'ine rlcpiived of fenfation. 
 •' Obtiiji'.n of the fenf^j ' Harwy. 
 
 ToOUVE'RT, V. A. [olj-vcrt!,, Lat. 1 to 
 turn towards. " If its bufe be ob'verud to- 
 •' wayds us." W^tts. 
 
 To O'BVIATE, V. A, [el'viatum,^ Lat. 
 e!:vicr, Fr.] to go to mtet ; to meet in the 
 way; to prevent ; to fee afide. 
 
 O'BVIOUS, Adj. (oii/ii/j, Lat.] meeting j 
 any thinj ; oppofed in front to any thing, i 
 Figuratively, open ; cxpofed. " 0/mious to i 
 " difpute." Par. Loft. Eafily difcovered, or 
 phin, applied to fcntiments. 
 
 CyBVIOUSLY, Adv. without much ftudy 
 
 or thought; at firft fight; evidently; plainly. 
 
 C'BVIOUSNESS, S. the (late or quality of 
 
 being evident, apparent, or cafily difcoveied 
 
 and iinderllood by the mind. 
 
 To OIJU'MljRATEj V. A. \dumlratum, 
 Lat.] to fh.de, cloud, or render any thing 
 icfs^illhle. 
 
 OCCA'SION, S. [Fr. ccrafn, Lat,] an 
 incident, or thing which feems neither done 
 or happening by defign ; an unforefcen op- 
 portunity ; an accidental caufe ; a proper 
 
 a flar from our light, when eclipfcd by inter- 
 pofition of the body of the moon, or fomc 
 other planet between it and us. 
 
 OCCU'LTNESS, S. the date of being fc- 
 cret, hid, or not difcoverable. 
 
 OCV-UPANCY, S. [occtipam, Lat.] the 
 aft of t:iking pollcffion. 
 
 OCCUPANT, S. [eccupans, Lat.] one that 
 takes poflelTion. 
 
 To OC'CUPATE, V. A. \occupatum, Lat. 
 I from occupo, Lat.] to poflefs, hold,- or take 
 I up. 
 
 I OCCUPA'TION, S. [Fr. occupatk, Lat.] 
 the aifl of taking pofledion ; an ehiployment, 
 bulaiefs, trade, or calling. 
 
 OCCUPFER, S. rfrom«f<ra^j!]apo(rc(ror J 
 one that lakes podedlon j dne who folUws- 
 any employment. 
 
 To OCCUPY, V. A. [occuper, Fr. occu- 
 po, Lat.] to pofiefs, keep, or take up ; to 
 employ or bufy ; to follow as a trade or bu- 
 (incfs, to ufe, employ, or expend. " All 
 " the gold occ-.ipied in the work." Exed. 
 xxxviii. Neuterly, tapraolife or follow any 
 bufmefs. 
 
 To OCCU'R, V. N. ['.ccurr^, Lat.] to 
 
 time or reafon for doing any thing j a cafual prefent to the memory or underflanding j to 
 or unforefcen need or exigence. appear in different places ; to meet, cli(h, ov 
 
 To OCCA'SION, V. A. [6cm7;;w, Fr.J (frike againft. 
 to caiile without defign ; to caufe or produce; OCCU'RRENCE, S. fFr.] an incident or 
 to influence or induce. " Occajiom men to common event ; the fcute of being often pi'c- 
 
 *' make fcveral combinations." Locke. 
 
 OCCA'SfONAL, Adj. [occafisr.d, Fr.] ca- 
 fual ; incidental ; not made defignedly or on 
 purpofe ; producing without defign ; produced 
 by rccafion, paiticular circum (lance, or by 
 iucidcnt:'il exigence. 
 
 0CCA'.S10NALLY, Adv. cafually, or on 
 aocouivt of !omc prefent or unforefeen emer- 
 gency ; jncidentalJy. 
 
 OCCA'SION ER, S. one that caufcs or 
 produces by defign or accident. 
 
 OCCEGA'TIOM, S. [occaxatio, Lat.] the 
 id of blinding, w making blind. 
 
 OCCIDENT, S. [o..;Vji«s, Lat.] the weft. 
 ♦^ His bright-pallage to the accident." Sbak. 
 Not in ufe. 
 
 OCCIDE'NTAL, A^. [occidema/is, Lat.] 
 wcflern. 
 
 OCCI'DUOUS, Adj. [occidu-M, Lat.] 
 wcflcrn. 
 
 O CFPITAL, Adj. [occipitaH.', Lat. 
 placed in the hinder part of the head. 
 
 pCCI'PUT, S. [Lat.] the hinder part of 
 1f5*c he -d. 
 
 f o OCCLUDEj V. A. [occludo, Lat.J to 
 
 fented to the mind, or happening often. 
 
 OCCU'RRENT, S. [occurcnt, Fr. cccur- 
 
 ra's, Lat.] any event or thing that happens. 
 
 OCCU'RSION, S. [cccurjus, Lat.] a clafh 
 
 or Mow, occafioned by the meeting of two 
 
 bodies together. 
 
 O'CEAN, S. [Fr. occamis, Lat. aixeavaj, 
 Gr.] the vaft coilcOien of fait and navigable 
 water which encompafics the whole globe of 
 the earth ; its furface, according to Dr Keil's 
 computation, is 85,490,506 fquare miles, and 
 fuppofing its depth at a medium to be one- 
 fourth of a mile, its whole quantity of water 
 mull be 2 r, ■571,616 and a lialf cul)ic miles. 
 Any houndlefs or immcnfe expanfe or idea. 
 " The bonndlcfs oceans of eternity." Ltcke. 
 
 O'CEAN, Adj belonging to the main fea; 
 " Swim the oivtfB flream." P<i/-. I.^. Seldom 
 ufed. 
 
 O'CHRE, S. [ochre, ocre, Fr. s^pa, Gr.] 
 earth that has a rough and naturally dufly 
 furface, flightly cohering, compoicd of fine 
 foft clayey particles, readily diffufed in water, 
 and of different colours. 
 
 O'CHREOUS, Adj. confining of ochre. 
 O'CJHREY,.
 
 Odd 
 
 O'CHREY, Ai.ij. abonncilng in ochre ; 
 Viaving the ijiiahties of ochre. 
 
 O'CTAGON, S. [from txriu anJ ■yaiviit, 
 Gr.] in Geometry, a figure confifting of 
 eight fides and angles. 
 
 OCTAGO'NAL, A Jj.havingeight angles. 
 OCTA'NGUI..AR, Adj. [from »f/#, and 
 anguluz, Lat.] having eight angles. 
 
 OCTA'NGULARNESS, S. the quality 
 of having eight angles. 
 
 OCTANT, or OCTILE, Adj. \o!io, 
 Lat.] in Aflrology, applied to a planet in fuch 
 appolition, with rcfpedf to another, that their 
 places arc only one eighth of a circle, or 48 
 degrees diftant from each other. 
 
 OCTA'VE, S. IcFfa-vus, Lat.] the eighth 
 day after fome particular feftivrd : according 
 to Ainfworthj eight days together after a fe- 
 ftlval. In Mufic, an eighth, or harmonical 
 interval confilHng of eight tonesor degrees 
 of founds. 
 
 OCTA'VO, S. [Lat.] applied to a hook, 
 whofe leaves are oneei<;hthof a Ihect of paper. 
 OCTE'NNIAL, Adj. [from 6.7o, anda;j- 
 rus, Lat.] happening every eighth year j lad- 
 ing eight years. 
 
 OCTO'BER, S. [Lat.] the tenth month 
 in order from January. 
 
 O'CTONARY, Adj. {oFmtantn, Lat.] 
 confining of eight; belonging to the num- 
 ber eight. 
 
 OCTONO'CUL.AR, Adj. [from c,?.?, and 
 
 callus, Lat.] having eight eyes. " Spiders, 
 
 " for the moft part, are ociomculary Dcrh. ■ 
 
 OCTOPE'TALOUS, Adj. [fromo;£74;, and 
 
 Wr7aXov, Gr.] having eight flower leaves. 
 
 O'CTOSTYLf:,' S. [from ok1« and r!;Xi, 
 Gr.J the face of a building having eight co 
 lumns. 
 
 O'CTUPLE, Adj. \oF}'.,pba, Lat.] eight, 
 fold. 
 
 O'CULAR, Adj. {oculah-:, Fr. from ocu- 
 his, Lat.] depending on the eye ; known or 
 difcovercd by the eye. 
 
 O'CULARLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to be vifible to the eye; by means of thefight. 
 O'CULATE, Adj. [catlatui, Lat.] having 
 eyes ; knowing or perceiving by the eye. 
 
 O'CULIST, S. [cad:is, Lilt.] one who pro- 
 fei?cs to cure the difordcrs of the eyes. 
 
 O'CULUS, B£Li, S [Laf.J among mo- 
 dern jewellers, an accidental variety of tlic 
 agate kind, having a grey horny ground, wiili 
 circular dcJineations, and in the middle a ipeck 
 or fpot, refembling the fight of the eye, 
 whence it derives its name. 
 
 ODD, Adj. [od, odid, Brit, rare ; cdcne, 
 RufT. edne, Sclav, udda, Swed ] not even ; 
 not to be meafured by any even number; not 
 to be divided into even numbers : fomething 
 more \ fomcthing exceeding a round num- 
 ber, or the number mentioned ; pailicuiar ; 
 flrangr ; not minded j whimfical ; fantadi- 
 cal ; u!icommon. 
 
 O'DDLY, Adv. in 3 flr.inge, fingnlar, or 
 
 O E I 
 
 unaccountable mr,nner ; in fuch a manner as 
 not to be divided into an even number. 
 
 O'DDN ESS, S. [See Oddly] the Hate of be^ 
 mg uneven, or not to be divided into even 
 parts or numbers j the quahty of bein" fin- 
 gular, peculiar, (hange, or uncouth. 
 
 ODDS, S. the excefs of two compared with 
 each other j a date wherein there are more 
 chances agaiuft than for a thing ; a tparrcl, 
 debate, difpute, or difference. 
 
 ODE, S. [(i)S», Gr.] a lyric poem, writ- 
 ten to be fung to mufic ; the lefler kind is 
 charaderiled by its fwcetnefs and eafe ; and 
 the greater by tiie fubllmity of its fentimcnts, 
 the elevation of its raptures, and the quick- 
 nefs of its tranfitions. 
 
 O'DIOUS, Adj. [cdieux, Fr. cdkfus, Lat.] 
 deferving hatred 3 expofc to hate ; caufing 
 hate. 
 
 O'DIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to caufe hate. 
 
 O'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality which ren- 
 ders a pcrfon or thing the object of hatred ; 
 the fliite of being hated. 
 
 O'DIWM, S. ( Lat.] the quality of rewder- 
 ing a psrfon culpable, or expoling to hatci 
 " She threw the cid'r.im of the faft on me " 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 OnORATE. Adj. [r.dcratus, Lat.]fcent- 
 ed, or alFccfting theorgan of fmellihg. 
 
 ODORI'FEROIJS, Adj. \odonfcrus,'Lzt.J 
 afKifting the orgin of fmelling ; ufnally ap- 
 plied to things that produce a fweet fcent. 
 
 onORI'FEROUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 exciting a fwect fcent ; fragrants. 
 
 O'DOROUS, Adj. [adorns, Lat.] afTe^ing 
 the fmell with a fweet fcent ; fragrant. 
 
 O'DOUR, S. [odcur, Fr. tdor, Lat.] a fcent 
 or fmeil, whether good or had ; but moft 
 properly applied to a fweet one. 
 
 OE, a diphthong borrowed frem theGreeks, 
 pronounced like an e, but not properly be- 
 longing to our language. 
 
 OFXONO'IWICS, S. [pronounced ecotio- 
 nucs ; econoihique, Fr. from <!(:i2V;y-i;{^;, Gr.l 
 the management of houlhold affairs. 
 
 OECONOMIST, S. {a'cmcmus, Lat. 01x0- 
 vofxoi, Gr.] one who manages a family ; one 
 who conduifls his affairs with prudence and 
 dilcrction. 
 
 OECONO'MY, S. [ccconrmk, Fr. ccco,:a- 
 m'u!, Lat.] the a(ft of prudently managing a 
 family or houfc ; thriftincfs ; good luifbandry. 
 
 OECUME'NICAL, Adj. [from o.^.d-^Afvi,, 
 Gr.] general ; refpcifting or including tho 
 whole habitable world. 
 
 OIiDE'MA, S. [from o;.V«. '^''•l » ^"■«I-' 
 ling, confined by furgeons to a white, foft, 
 infiiifiijle tumor, proceeding from cold .mJ 
 aqueous humors, ("uch as thole that happen td 
 perlons in a drnpfy. 
 
 OliDE'MATlC, or OEDE'MATOUS, 
 Adj. of the nature of an oedema, or white, 
 loft, infiiififilc fwcUing. 
 
 OEl'LLAD, S. ludlMh, Fr.] a glance ; 
 i>. >i a a wink
 
 OFF 
 
 OFF 
 
 a wink or token »iven by the eye, •' She! jury or Joing any thing that may caufe U*if- 
 " gave ct'JLds.''^ Sbak. plcalure. 
 
 OER, con tra(ftcd in poetry for oT'fr. 1 o OFFE'ND, V. A. [o^Wo, Lat.] to- 
 
 OESO'PKAGL'S, S. [ponounced f/bf/ja- caufe difplfafure ; to do any thing contrary 
 
 £Ki ; from o;rcj and <p2j/a;, Gr ] in Anatomy, to a per.lin's inclinations j to commit any 
 
 the gullet, or membranous pipe or pafl.^ge, ihing tli-t may occafion anger, difpleaf»jre, 
 
 whereby our food is conveyed from the mouth I or be contrary to law. Ncuterly, to tranf- 
 
 to the ilomach. 
 
 OF, Prep. [Six. a/, Btlg. «i, Lat. rtwo, 
 Gr.l a particle ufed to exprefs the genetive in 
 Englilh, and exprelles property. " From Cor- 
 *' cyra, c/ Corcyra." SLgk. Relating to; 
 concerning. " All have this fenfe o/"vvar." 
 Smailr'uige. Amon;:. " ^Vny clergyman of 
 my own acquaintance " Stvift. According to 
 
 grefs any law ; to provoke anger ; to be 
 guilty of a tranfgreffion or violation of any 
 rule. 
 
 OFFE'N'DER, S. one who has done any 
 thing contrary to a law, or has diipleaied an- 
 other. 
 
 OFFE'NDRESS, S. a woman that does any 
 tiling contrary to law, or what may difpleafc 
 
 ' They do of tight belong to you." Tulotf. or injure anQthcr 
 
 Ufed with the recipiocal pronoun, it implies I OFFh'NSIVE, Adj. \offtnJlf,Srom cffeti- 
 power, ability, chcice, or willingnefs •' Of /• i, Lat.] caufmg anger, difplcafure, or pain 
 
 •' himself is none : hut that infinite." Dryd. 
 Applied to families, being born of ; extrac- 
 tion. " A man ofzn ancient family." ClareiiJ. 
 Sometimes it figniiies the matter of which any 
 thing is made. " The chariot was all cfcc- 
 " dar." When put before an indefinite ex- 
 prefiiion of time, it gives an adverbial fignifi- 
 cation. " Of lare." i. e. lately. In almoft 
 all thefe fcnfes it feems to h::vc been borrow- 
 ed from, or ufed in imitation of, the Latin 
 prepofitions, a, ab, ah%, ex, and J.e, 
 
 OFF, Adv. \af, Beig.] Johnfon obferves, 
 that the chief ufe of this uord is to conjoin it 
 with the verbs, cov.e, fy, and take, and that 
 it is generally oppofed tocr, and fignifies mo- 
 tion, or the a<ftion of moving a thing from 
 its place. When applied to meafure, it fig- 
 nifies dit'rance. " Scarccly-cjf a mile." Skak. 
 In Painting or Statuary, projecftion or relief. 
 After go, it implies vaniihing, abfcene, or 
 departure. AbfoUitcIy, it implies difappoint- 
 rnent, defeat, or interruption : as, " The 
 affair is cjf." When oppofed to on, it implies 
 
 Fit for aflHiling, oppofed to defenfive, and' 
 applied to arms. 
 
 OFFE'NSIVELY, Adv.'in fuch a manner 
 as to difpieafe, caufe uneafinefs, or hatred j 
 or to fcem like an attack, oppofed to defcn- 
 fivelv. 
 
 OFFE'NSIVENESS. S. the quality of 
 caufing difplcafure, uneafinefs, injury, or 
 difguft. 
 
 To O'FFER, V, A. [cffero, Lat. offnr, 
 Fr.] to prefent to a perfon ; to hold fo as a 
 perfon may receive. To facrifice, when ap- 
 plied to the Deity. To bid, applied to price 
 or value. To attempt j to prdpofe. Neu- 
 terly, to be prefent, or to prefent itfelf j ta 
 m^ke an attempt. 
 
 O'f FER, S. [sffre, Fr.] the a^ of propo- 
 fing an advantage to another ; a propofal 
 made to aiiother for his choice or acceptance ; 
 the price bid for any commodity at a fale or 
 market ; an attempt or endeavour, 
 
 O'r FER.ER, S. one who makes a propo- 
 fal ; one who facrifices, applied to the rites 
 
 in behalf or favour. When applied to any ufed in worfhip 
 
 action, it implies change, alteration, or di- 1 O'FFPIRING, S. any thing facrificed oa 
 
 vcrlion. ■ -Qfudiid, lignifies without lludy or 
 premeditation. 
 
 OFF, Interj. an cxprefilon of abhorrance, 
 or command to depart or go to a diflance. 
 " Off ! or I fiy for ever from thy fight." 
 Smith. 
 
 OFF, Prep, fuppovtcd by or making iffe 
 €>i ; oppofed to on or upon. At a diftance, ap- 
 plied to place. 
 
 OFF'AL, S. \offj, Lat. Skinner derives it 
 from offend fall I walte meat, or that which 
 is not eaten at table ; carrion, or cosrfe ficfli. 
 Figuratively, rcfufi, or that which is of no 
 value, and would other .vife-Ue thrown aw^y; 
 any thing of no value. 
 
 OFFE'NCE, S. ['>ffer.fu>r., lat.] any tiling 
 which may caule difgud on account of being 
 contrary to law, or the inclina.ion of anotherj 
 any thing th?t may injure rr difplc-.ife. 
 
 bFFE'NCEFUL, Adj. caufing difplcafure; 
 injurious, or contrary to law. 
 
 OFFE'i^JCELESS, Adj. without doing in- 
 
 a religious account. 
 
 OFFt'RTORY, S. [ofcrt»ire, Fr.] the 
 thing offered ; the adt of offering ; the placft 
 where alms arc offered in a church. 
 
 O'FFICE, S. [Fr. cfficii-m, Lat.] any pub- 
 lic charge or employment ; the peculiar end 
 for which any thing is niarie or defigned ; aa 
 aift of benevolence or good-will, proffered by 
 a perfon of his own accord > an i(\ of worfhip ; 
 a room in a houfe appropriared to a particular 
 bufinefs ; a place where bufinefs is tranfaft- 
 ed ; from officina, Lat. 
 
 O'FF.CiiR, S. a man employed by the 
 public 5 a commander in an army ; one who 
 has the power of apprehending criminals, and^ 
 arrefling debtors. 
 
 O'FFJCERED, Adj. fupplied with com- 
 manders. 
 
 OFFl'CIAL, Adj. [Fr.] conducive ; per- 
 forming any office ; belonging to any public 
 charge. 
 
 OFFl'CIAL, S. a perfon commifnoned 
 
 3 t*
 
 O I N 
 
 to juJf^e caiifes in an ecclefiaftical court. 
 
 OFFI'CiALTY, S. the charge or pofl of 
 «n official. 
 
 To OFFI'CIATE, V. N. to difcharee any 
 office, generally appiicj to a<fis of woriliip j 
 to perform an office for anotiier. 
 
 OEFICI'NAL, Adj. \offidna, Lat.] among 
 Apothecaries, ufed in the fliops. 
 
 OFFl'CIOUS, Adj. [offideix, Fr. offich- 
 fus, Lat.] doing good offices, or acfls of kind 
 nefs, in a good fenfe. AfuiFing or inter- 
 Kicddling with the affairs of another, with- 
 />iit being invited or weltome j forward, in a 
 bad fenfe. 
 
 OFFL'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as to be too fond of afiilling a pcrfon, or in- 
 termeddiing in his afF';ir?, without being aflied 
 .or welcome. Kindly, or with unall<ed kind- 
 nefs, in a good fenfe. " Let thy goats offi- 
 " cmifly he nurft." Dryd. 
 
 OFFl'CIOUSNESS, S. tco great a readi- 
 nefs to afilrt or oblige another, commonly 
 ufed in a bad fenfe. Service in a good fenfe. 
 
 O'FFING, S. the act of Hecring to a dif- 
 tance from land. 
 
 O'FfSET, S. a fprout or ftioot of a 
 plant. 
 
 O'FF-SCOUSING, S. a part rubbed off 
 in cleaning or fcouring ; refufe. 
 
 O'FFSI'RING, S. the thing propagated or 
 generated ; children ; defcendants j a pro- 
 du(flion of any kind. 
 
 OFT, Adv. [Sax.] frequently ; feveral 
 times. 
 
 O'FT-EN, Adj. [in the comparative, o/?f»- 
 tr, in the fuperlative, e/IvKr/*] many times j 
 frequently. 
 
 OFTENTI'M ES, Adv. many times ; more 
 than once or twice j frequently. 
 
 OF'TIMES, Adv. many times; frequently. 
 
 OGE'E, or O'GJVE, S, in Archiiti'^iiue, 
 a moulding, confifling of a round and a hol- 
 low, almoft in the form of an S. 
 
 To OGLE, V. A. [cogb, Belg.] to view 
 with fide or iiolen glances, in order toefcape 
 notice. 
 
 O'GLER. S. [co^ebler, Belg.] one that 
 views another by fide or ftolen glances. 
 
 OH, Inteij. an exclamation made ufe of 
 jt'j cxprefs forrow, pain, or furprize. 
 
 OIL, S. [W, cle, SzK. tii/I^, Fr. «/?-«, Lat.] 
 « fat, unAuous, thin, and infiammable juice 
 .drawn from feveral bodies, either by expref- 
 fion or diflillation. 
 
 Ol'LINESS, S. greafincfs ; the quality ap- 
 .proaching to, or refembling that of oil. 
 
 Ol'L-MAN, S. one who trades in oils, 
 pickles, &c. 
 
 Ol'L-SlIOP, S. a (hop where oil, pickles, 
 and other commodities, are vended. 
 
 Ol'LY, Adj. fat ; greafy ; refembling oil. 
 
 To OIL, V. A. to fmear with oil. 
 
 OI'LYPALM, S. a tree. 
 
 To OINT, V. A. [ohu, Fr.] to anoint; to 
 {mear with fgmethiiig grcafy. 
 
 O M E 
 
 OI'MTMENT. S. a medicine, made of 
 uniftuous, oily, or greafy fubftances. 
 
 O'KER, S. See Ochre. 
 
 OLD, Adj. [ci?/d, old, Sax.] advanced in 
 ye.nrs, or beyond the middle ape of life. Of 
 long continuance, pppofed to new. Ancient, 
 oppofcd to modern. .Subfifting before fome- 
 thingelfe, oppofed to lafh l.ongpra(ft!fed, 
 habituated to, or inveterate, In familiar or 
 burlcfq u- language, morethan enough; a fre- 
 quent repetition of the fame thing. " Ke 
 would have old turning the key." S/jak. Of 
 old, fisriiifies long ag.-i. or in times long part. 
 
 OLDFA'SKIONED, Adj. made in a form 
 at prefent laid afide, or not ufed. 
 
 O'LDNESS, S. the quality of having lived 
 or continued a great number of years ; the 
 quality of being impaired by age, or length 
 of tir-e. 
 
 OLE A'G INDUS, Adj. {oUagtr.cux, Fr.] 
 Oily. 
 
 OLEA'GINOUSNESS, S. the quality or 
 flate of being oiiy. 
 
 OLEA'NUFR, S. the plant rofcbay. 
 
 OLEA'STER, S. f Lat.J the wild olive. 
 
 OLEO'SE, Ad), {oli'^ui, Lat J oily. 
 
 OLFACTO.<Y, Adj. Ulfa£lo\re, Fr.] 
 having the fenfe of fmelling. 
 
 OLIGA'RCHICAL, Adj {oV.zarch-.ruc^VK. 
 ollgarckkin, L;;t.] belonging to an oligarchy. 
 
 OLIGARCHY, S [from (,\iyo(; and os^''* 
 Gr.] a form of governm.cnt, which places the 
 AiprtiTic power in a fmall number, generally 
 the nobles ; an oriflocnicy.- 
 
 O'LIO, S. \oUa, Span.] a rich dilh midc 
 of diiferirnt forts of meat. 
 
 O'LITORY, Adj. \ol.tor, Lat.] belonging 
 to a kitchen garden. 
 
 OLlVA'STER,Adj [oAW/Jre, Fr.] darkly; 
 brown ; fawny. " O/Zi/iz/yifr and pale." Eac, 
 
 0''LrVF, S. f Fr. ol'n'a, Lat.] a tree pro- 
 ducing an oblongfniit about :!ie fizeof a dam- 
 fun, which is pickled : it is likewife famous 
 for its oil, and was formeily ufed as an em- 
 blem of peace, 
 
 O'MBRE, S. \homrre, Sp:ai.] a game of 
 card.s pl.iyed by three perfcns. 
 
 OrvIE'GA, S. fGr. the great or long 0]thc 
 name of the lad lefer in the Greek alphabet, 
 and tiurefore ufed figurati\cly in Sciipture for 
 thelart, and, oppofed to Alpha, the firlt letter 
 of that alphabet, implies necefIarycxiricnce,or 
 that w hich exifled from all ^.K(\n\K.yr.payttantCy 
 and fhallexift in his own natme to all eternity 
 tocomc. " \-Am Alpha i.niiOn-.ega,''^ Rev. \.'i, 
 
 O'MELET, S. {'..Kclette, Sax.J a pancake 
 of eggs. 
 
 O'MEN, S. [Lat.] any fign or token by 
 wliich a future event may he foretold. 
 
 O'MENFD, Adj. containing prognodicSjOr 
 fions by which future events may be foretold. 
 
 OME'NTUM, S. [Lat.] in anatomy, the 
 cawl. 
 
 O'MER, S. [Hcb.] a Hebrew mcafurc con- 
 t.iining about three pints and an half lingllilj. 
 1 To
 
 O N 
 
 To O'MNIATE, V. A. [oniUiatiim,^ Lat] 
 to fiicw fomcthing future by fome ligii or 
 token. 
 
 OMINA'TION, S. a fign by which fome- 
 thing future is forefeen. 
 
 O'MINOUS, Adj. [from omen'] forcfhew- 
 jng fome future ill, generally ufed in a b.ij 
 fenfe. Containing figns or tokens of fome- 
 thing cither good or ill, in a neutral fenfe. 
 
 O'MINOUSlY, Adv. with tokens of 
 fome future ill, commonly applied in a bad 
 fenfe. 
 
 O'MINOUSNESS, S. the quality of be- 
 tokening fome future ill or good. 
 
 OIVIIS'SION, S. [snvffus, Lat.] the acfl 
 of neglcfling or forbearing to do fomcthing 
 that ought to be done ; tlic act of leaving out 
 in writini' ; a neglect. 
 
 To O'MIT, V. A. [cwiV/'o, Lat.] to leave 
 out, or not to mention, applied to writing or 
 fpcaking. To neglect doing what ought to 
 Le done, applied to aftion. 
 
 OMl'T TANCE, S. forbearance. " Omit- 
 ♦' tarcc is no quittance." Sl.ak. 
 
 OMNIFA'RIOUS, Adj. [ommfurius, Lat.] 
 of all kinds or varieties. 
 
 OMNl'FIC, Adj. [from £>;;;««, r.nd/acio, 
 Lat.] creating all things. " The aimfc 
 <• word." Par. Loft. 
 
 OIVINI'FORM, Adj. [onwlf..nils, Lat,] 
 of all lliapcs. 
 
 OMNI'GENOUS, Adj. [oinnh &ndi gemis, 
 Lat.] confillini^ of ail kinds. 
 
 OMNl'FOTENCE, or OMNl'POTEN- 
 CY, S. [ci;r::/.cti:!it:a, Lat.] power capable of 
 pv-rforming every thing that does not imply a 
 contradiftion ; infinite power. 
 
 OMNI'POTKNT, Adj. [c«;;/>»;cw, Lat.J 
 infinitely powerful. 
 
 OMNll'RE'SENCE, S. lomi:h, md pra- 
 frns, Lat.] a prefence which is every v\hcre, 
 and excluded no where. 
 
 OIMNUl RE'SENT, Adj. prefent every 
 where . 
 
 OMNISCIENCE, or OMNI'SCIENCY, 
 S. [ow.vis, and fr,cnt'ia, Lat.] the knowledge 
 of all things ; infinite knowledge, 
 
 OMNI'SCIENT, Adj. [omnh, znijacm, 
 Lat.] knowing every thing; of infinite 
 knowledge. 
 
 OMNl'SCIOUS. Adj. [omnh, and fcio, 
 Lat.] knowing all things, 
 
 O'MOPLA I'E, S. [aj/xoj and wXttTu,-, Gr.] 
 the ihoulder bhd<;, or the two bones, fituated 
 on the hind part of the upper ribs, one on 
 each (ide. 
 
 OMPH.ALO'PTTC, S. [o,u<f>aX5f, and btc- 
 Tixix;, Gr.] an optic glafs, convex on both 
 fides, and c.dled a convex lens. 
 
 ON, Prep, [on, Sax. dcn, Belg. an, Tcut.] 
 upon ; lupportcd by ; or covered with ; the 
 fubj'.ift of aiHiion j dependancc or reliance, or 
 the objection of dependance. " On Cod's 
 «' providence." Sria/lridge. The motive or 
 ccgu'ion of any thing ; as foon as any thing 
 
 ONE 
 
 is done, "Oil the receipt of a letter." 
 Drvd. The period at which any thing hap- 
 pens, or is done on that day. In threats, it 
 is put before the thing threatened, and im- 
 plies it will lie in danger for want of com- 
 pliance. " Oil thy lite." Dryd. The ftate 
 of any thing, " 1 lie hcav'nson fire." Shak. 
 A coi>dition of a bargain or fale. " On more 
 "eafy terms." Dryd. Sometimes it is ufed 
 to imply dillinftion or oppofition. " The 
 " Rhodians on the other fide." Knoiks. 
 When ufed by contraiftion before it, it figni- 
 fics of. " A gameRer has but a poor trade 
 " cn't." Lode. 
 
 ON, Adv. forward ; in fucceflion or pro- 
 grefs; without ceafing; upon the body. " f^er 
 " patches and jewels on." Prior. Refolution 
 to advance, ufed eliptically for go on. 
 
 ON, Interj. a word of cncitement or en • 
 couragcmer,t, to proceed, or attack, ufed elip- 
 tically mffead of^o on. 
 
 ONCE, Adv. [pronounced ivcncel only 
 one time ; a fingle time. Ufed with at, the 
 fame time ; in an indivifible point of time ; 
 formerly. ♦' My foul had cnce fome fooliHi 
 " fondnefs for thee." yiddif. It is to be re- 
 marked that this word fcems to be rather a 
 noun than an adverb, when it has at before 
 it, or when it is joined with an adjeflive, as 
 " At once, or thii once." 
 
 One. Adj. [ait:;, ana, ain, Goth, an, aite, 
 an, Sax. unus, I,at.] fingle ; any thing expref- 
 fed by an unit ; any. uYed with another, be- 
 longing to both. Oppofcd to (Jj.Wjfr, differ 
 rent. Oppoftd to a^/if;-, one of the two cer- 
 tain, or particular. Ufed with day, in a paft 
 fenfe ; otherwife it fignifies fome time to 
 come, when ufed with a future tenfe, " Shall 
 " ons Jay faint." Da-vies. 
 
 ONE, S. followed with ly one, it implie.". 
 fingly, or a fingle pcrfon. *' Raifing one by or.e. 
 " the fiippliant crew," Dryd. A fingle thing ; 
 a perfon ; concord ; agreemer.t ; a perfon of a 
 particular charadfcr, '■'One that loved not 
 " wifely." Sbak. This word is ufed in the 
 plural, either when it (lands for perfons inde- 
 finitely ; as, "The great (;«;i of the world." 
 Or when it relates to fomething going be- 
 fore, or is ufed inOead of a noun plural ; as, 
 " Thefe fucccHes are more glorious — than 
 " fuch ruinous c;.'fj." GLnu. Sometimes it 
 is ufed before an imperlbnai verb, to fignify 
 any pcrfon, or man : this was by the Saxons 
 txprelTcd by man, as, " Man brohte tha Lis 
 " beajl/d." Matt. iv. lo. 'But as Dr. Hickes 
 judicioully obferves, our ufe of this word is 
 cither borrowed from the Italian uno, or U7!, 
 Fr. " One wou'd imagine." Atttrb. 
 
 ONE-EYED, Adj. having only a fingle 
 eye, 
 
 ONEIROCRI'TIC, S. [from evu^ox?!- 
 Tiy.of, Gr, tnirccritique, Fr,J an interpreter of 
 dreims. 
 
 ONEIROCRI'TICAL, Adj. belonging to 
 the interpretation of dreams.
 
 O P A 
 
 OPE 
 
 ON'ENFSS, S. unity i the quality of Le-] GPA'COUS, A.!j. {cpaa^s, Lat.] dai1< ; 
 5ng finglc ; bi'.t one, or individble m nioi'j. i voiJ oi liji;lu : 'iiot to be Iccn tliiouj;h. 
 " Our God is one, or rather very (5/21?;;^^}, and | OPAL, S. an elegant and liiioular ftone, 
 " meer unity." hooker. I wliich, on account^ot its opacity and foftncfs, 
 
 CNEROUS, Adj. [cr.ereux, Fi: on^ro/w, is llarcely to be reckoned amoj-ig tlVc pcllu- 
 Lat.j burthcnfome. Figurjtively, opprcffive. t ciJ gems. It is naturally Ijright, fmoadi, 
 
 O'NIOM, S. [fiom cigfion, Fr. c.n-«o«f, ! and glofly, and difplays all its beauties with- 
 Ital.] an aromatic, ftiong-lcented, bulbous, } out the art of a Inpidary : in colour it rc- 
 coated and crbicuLir root. j ilmbles the iincft mother cf pearl, confifling 
 
 O'NLY, Adj. from one, oKely, or cnc- ; of a bluilh or greyilh v.hite; but when 
 like, whence by contraiflion one/y ; an/ic. Sax.] ] turned ditferently to-thc light, rt-ileif^s all tlie 
 iingle ; >^ithout any other of the fame i<ind colours of the raiuiKn", amonirrt which tlic 
 
 or Ipecies ; this above all others this with- 
 out any more. 
 
 O'NLY, Adv. fimply; fingly ; barely ; 
 thus and bo otherwife ; lingly, without any 
 more. 
 
 ONO'MANCV, S. [from ovoy.a, and ,wav- 
 Tita, Gr.j divination by names. 
 
 ONOiMA'NTlCAL, A.dj. belonging to 
 divination by names. 
 
 O'NSET, S. [from en and fetj the firR 
 attack or affuilt. 
 
 ON'SLALGHT, S. [from on and /laugh- 
 ter] attack ; alTault. " By Cege :ind onjLugbt 
 *' to invefl:." Hudib. 
 
 ONTO'LOGIST, S. [from ontdogy] a 
 aietaphyfician ; or one who conliders the pro- 
 perties of being in the abflract. 
 
 ONTO'LOGY, S [w, and Xr/o,-, Gr.j 
 ■the fcience of the afrc(flions or properties of 
 being generally, or in the abftra<lt ; meta- 
 phyfics, 
 
 O'NWARD, Adv. [omi-wearJ, Sax.] for- 
 ward j in a forward Itate ; fomewhat far- 
 ther. 
 
 O'N'YCHA, S. in Scripture, ufcd botii for 
 ^he onyK ftone, or an odoriferous fnailor Ihell. 
 MoR of the commentatois are for the laft 
 fenfe. The fliell is liAe that of the flieil- 
 fi(h called pupura. 1 he animal or fnail is 
 fifhcd for in the eaft in watery plates where 
 
 blue, and red ar-c particularly beau- 
 The bed (tones come from the Eaft- 
 
 grten, 
 
 tiful. 
 
 Indies. 
 
 ■OPA'QUE, S. [Fr. pronounced ofai^l 
 dark; having no light in itfclfj not to be 
 feen through. 
 
 To OPE, or O'PEN, V. A. [from cfen, 
 Sa>;. cj>, 111.] to unlock ; to unclofe ; to lay 
 open .; to caufe a breach, by which a thing 
 may be feen. " The catliedral church was 
 ' of>er,:d by an earthquake." j^ddif. To ex- 
 plain ; to difclofs by degrees. In Law, to 
 begin. " The f>^'jf!;/;,;g- of your caufe." In 
 Anatomy, .to make an inclfion. Neuterly, 
 to feparate or unclofe ; to ccafe to be fhut. 
 In Hunting, to bark. 
 
 OPK, or O'PE.M, Adj. \opa is ufed only 
 by old authors, and by them only in its pri- 
 mary fenfe] unclofcd ; not locked or fhut. 
 Figuratively, plain; apparent ; puliHc ; with- 
 out art, dilgiiife, or referve. Applied to the 
 feafon, not cloudy or gloomy. Free, uncon- 
 •fined, or without cover, applied to the air. 
 Expofed, or witho.ut defence, applied to 
 danger or injuries. A-ttentive, applied ei- 
 tlKr to the eyes, or ^ars, and followed by 
 unto or upon. 
 
 •OPENER, S. one that unlocks a door, 
 and puts it in fuch a (late that any perfon or 
 thing may find pafTage. Figuratively, one 
 
 the fpikenard grows, which is its food, and that explains or interprets j any thing that 
 makes its fhell fo aromatic. feoarates or divides. 
 
 O'NYX, S. I'.wi, Gr.] a femi-pelUicid 
 gem, an accidental variety of the agat kind : 
 it is cf a dark horny colour, with a plate of 
 bluilh white, and fometimes of a red : when 
 a plate of a rcildilh or ficfh colour lies on one 
 
 OPKN-EYED, Adj. watchful. " Open- 
 " eyed confpiracy." Shak. 
 
 OPEN-HA'NDED, Adj. generous, libe- 
 ral, or charitable. 
 
 OPEN-HEA'RTED, Adj. penerous; can- 
 
 or both fides the white, jt is called a far- did ; void ^jfbafe referve 
 
 >ionyx. OPEN- HE'ARTEDNESS, S. generofity 
 
 OOZE, S. [eitl^er from caux, Fr. or wrt'j, of fentiment ; liberality in gi\ ing. 
 Sax.] fot't mud ; mire at the bottom of wa- O'i'ENING, S. a brcacli or hole. Figura- 
 ter,Qrflime; a ilift flow, or fpring. " From tivcly, the fight of a tiling at a diftance ; a 
 " his firfl fountain and beginning etxf." faint, imperfetl, and confufed knowledge. 
 Prior. The liquor of a tanner's vat. OPtNLY, Adv. in fight ; plainlyj with- 
 
 To OOZE, V. A. to flow by Health ; to- out ful)tcrfuge, referve, or artifice 
 flow gently j to flip away 
 
 OOZY, Adj. miry; muddy; flimy. 
 
 To OPA'CATE, V. A. [opacatus, Lat.] 
 darken, cloud, fliade, or obfcure. 
 
 OPA'CITY, S \o{yachc\ Fr. cpadtus, Lat.] 
 cloudinefs •, the (late of a body which cannot | guife, fubtcrfugc, or artifice, 
 be feen throuj^h ; the (jviahty of bein^voidj" OPERA, S. [Ital.] a poetical talc or 
 ^flight, 1 fi(flion, performed with vocal and inllnmien- 
 
 ' X K .J. Ui 
 
 OPEN-MOU'TLIEO, Adj. greedy. Fi- 
 guratively, -clamorous j unable to kiep a li:- 
 cret. 
 
 O'PENNESS. S. freedom from obfcurity 
 or ambiguity ; plainncfs ; freedom from dil-
 
 O P I 
 
 tal mufic, and adorned with fcenes, machines, 
 and dancing. 
 
 O'PERABLE, Adj. [from e^erer, Lat.] 
 capable of being done. 
 
 OTEi<ANT, Adj. FFr.] a^ive ; having 
 power to prod ce an effect. " I'he moll ope- 
 •' r:7nf poifo .s." >hak. Obfolete. 
 
 1 o O'PERATE, V. A. [uptratus, Lat. J 
 to aift ; to produce dn effccT'. 
 
 OPERATION, S. y7r. operatio, Lat.] 
 agency ; i.nflaence •, aftion , the power of 
 producing an effciH;. Figuratircly, an ef 
 k(X. In .Surgery, that part of medicine, or 
 the art of healing, which depends on the 
 ufe of inftrumcnts. The motions or employ- 
 ment of an aimy. 
 
 O'PERATiVE, Adj. having the power 
 of acting ; efficacious. 
 
 OPERA'TO;^, S. [operjt-ur, Fr.] one 
 that pcrforn-is any cure by inllrumtnts cr 
 manual operations. 
 
 OPERO'SE, Adj [operofu!, Lat.] labori- 
 ous ; full of trouble and tedioufnefs. 
 
 OPFII'TES, S. (from 0,-^1,-, Gr.] marble 
 of a dufky, grecnifh ground, with oblong, 
 and HfujUy fqu'.rc fuots of zx lighter green. 
 
 OPHTri.-ii.'MIC, k<l].['fbtkalmtque, Fr.] 
 belonging to the eye In the plural, medi- 
 cines for diiVnfes of the eyes. 
 
 O'PHTHALMY, S. [ophthalmk, Fr. from 
 opr^a'kfj.n^^ Gr.] a a\[ceSe in the eye, confid- 
 ing of an infiammation in its coats. 
 
 O'PlATE, S. a medicine that caufes fl'-ep. 
 
 OPI'FiCEX, S. [ojifex^'La.t.] one tha> 
 performs any work th.iC requires and (hews 
 ikill. " Ihedivin". c/^/ff^r." Btnt. Thii 
 word is not yet generally received. 
 
 OPiVA'TOR, S. [cplnatus. Lit.] one 
 who holJs an opinion. " What kind of opi- 
 " naton." H.ii . 
 
 To OPI'NE, V. N. fcpinor, Lat. op'mer, 
 Fr.] to be of opinion ; to guefs, or form a 
 judgment on fli>^ht proofs. 
 
 OPi'NIATIVE, dj. obftinate in a no- 
 tion or opinion already received ; imagined, 
 but not proved. 
 
 OPINIATOR, S. [jphiatre, Yr.] one 
 fond of his own notions ; one that adheres 
 inflexibly to his own opinion. 
 
 OPIMA'TKE, Adj. [Fr] obftinnte ; 
 ftubborn ; inflexibly adiiexing to his own opi- 
 nion. " 0/i.iM.'/-^ in difcourfe." Locke. 
 
 OPI'NION, -. [Fr. cp:nio, Lat.] a perfua- 
 fion of the mind, without proof or certain 
 knowledge ; an alTent of ;he mind, whereby it 
 admits or receive' any propofition as true, upon 
 arguments or proofs tli .t are found to jnrfuadc 
 us to receive it as true, without certain know- 
 ledge that it is fo ; a favonrablr judgment. 
 
 bl'l'NIO.N'ATIVE, .Adj. fond of notions 
 already efpoufcd or afTented to; fond of one's 
 own notions ; not to be convinced of the 
 falfchood of our fentiments bv any realons. 
 
 OPI'NIONA TIVEI.Y, Adv. in a flub- 
 born or conceited manner. 
 
 O P p 
 
 OPI'NIONATIVENESS. S. the quality of 
 adiieiing inflexibly to preconceived notions. 
 
 OPrNIOMST, S. iophiiotiip, Fr.J a per- 
 ibn foiid, or conct-ited, of his own notions. 
 ' Every conceited cpin-cni/}." Glar.-vil. 
 
 O'PIL'M, S. j Lat.] a juice, produced 
 from incifions made in the whice poppy, 
 partly of a refinou'. gummy kind ; its colour 
 is a dark,' hrownifh yellow : its fmell dead, 
 faint, unpleafant ; and its tafle very bitter 
 and acrid. A moderate dofe makes the pa- 
 tient chceiful, as if he had drank v.ine, re- 
 moves melancholy, and difllpates all ftnfe of 
 dinger ; but an immyder;ite dofe brings on a 
 kiiij of drunkenncfs, whicii occafions fieep, 
 and often terminates in dearh. 
 
 OPO'FONAX, S. a gum refin, of a to- 
 lerable fir.m texture, of a (Irong difagree- 
 able fmeli, and an acrid, and extremely bitter 
 tiile. 
 
 To OPPIGNORATE, V. A. [oppi^no- 
 ratum, Lat. from oppigiero, Lat.] to pledge, 
 pawn, or give as a Iccurity. 
 
 OPPIL/.'TION, S. [Fr.] ob(lrj£lion j 
 m.ttter heaped together. 
 
 OPPPL-VTIVE, Adj. [Fr.j obdruaive. 
 
 OPPO'NENT, S. [oppomm, Lat.] one 
 that oppofes or refirts anoher. In the 
 Schools, one who railes objections to the opi- 
 nion= or docftrines of another. 
 
 OPPORTUNE,^ Adj. [Fr. cpportunus, 
 Lat. j fcafonabie; fit ; at a time proper fo^ 
 perforinance, or putting in practice. 
 
 OPPORTUNELY, Adv. in fiich a man- 
 ner as was moll: proper for tiie performiiag of 
 a thing, or rendering it fuccef^ful. 
 
 OPP'ORTU'NITY, S. the proper feafoii 
 for doing a thing, or rendciing it fuccefsfiil. 
 
 To OPPO'.SE, V. A. [opp.-fMm, Lat.] to 
 aft agiinlt ; to endeavour to hinder or refift ; 
 to put in oppofirion j to ofler as an antagonift 
 or rival ; to piace as an obtlacle 5 to place in 
 front ; to raife objeftions in difputations. 
 
 OPPO'SEiv., ~. one who endeavours to 
 frudrate the dcfigns of another < an antago- 
 nift or rival J one that raifes objections in a 
 difpute, 
 
 O'PPOSITE, Adj. [oppofttus, Lat.] placed 
 in front J facing each other ; contrary; of a 
 different kind j inconfidcnt with, or repug- 
 nant. 
 
 O PPOSITE, S. one who endeavours to 
 fruftrate the views of another j an antagonift 
 or enemy. 
 
 O'PPOSITFLY, Adv. in fuch a pofition 
 as to front ar face each other ; from contrary 
 parts or direiftions, 
 
 O'PPOSITENESS, S. the quality of facing 
 or fronting ; the quality of being contrary. 
 
 OPl'O-.J'TION, S. [Fr. oppojhio, Lat.] 
 fituation of facing or fronting another; re- 
 finance, or an endeavour to fruftrate the views 
 of another. Contrariety, applied to affection, 
 intercft, meafure, or meaning. Competition, 
 or rivalry.
 
 O P u 
 
 To OPPRE'SS, V. A. [opprefum, Lat. 
 from oppr'mo, Lat ] to cruih or overcome by 
 hardlliip ; to overpower or fubdue. 
 
 Oi^FRE' SIGN, S. [YT.oifrefw,'LvLt.'] the 
 zCt. of crulhing, fubduiiij;, or overcoming ' y 
 cruelty, feverity, or arbitrary fxenionof p^w 
 er; the (lafe of htwi^ oppreilcd or overcome 
 by the cruelty or fevcrity of ar.otbcr ; hardlhip 
 nnd cidimity , dulncls of fpiiits, or fatigue 
 of body 
 
 OFl^RE'-SIVE, Adj fubduing or over- 
 coming by acts of cruelty, tyranny, or feve- 
 rlty ; heavy, or overcoming. 
 
 OPPRE'SSOR, S. [cpprejjhtr, Fr.] one that 
 h irrafTes or afflicfts another by unreafonable 
 burthens and fe verity. 
 
 OPPROBRIOUS, Adj. '"from opprobrium, 
 Lat.]iep'oachful; fcurrilous; caufing infamy. 
 
 OPP-lCBRIOUSLYjAdv. in a reproach- 
 ful or fv:ii)ri,ous manner. 
 
 OPPRO'BRIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 ufmg fcurrilous or reproachful language j that 
 which caufes infamy or difgrace. 
 
 To OPi'U'GN, V. A. [cppii^no, Lat.j 
 to opnofe, r'-fift. or attcck. 
 
 OPPUGNANCV, S. oppofition. 
 
 OPPU'GNCR, S. one that Of pofes or at- 
 tacks any opinion. 
 
 O'PTATIVE, Adj. l''ptr.t;-vus,Lzt.'\ wifh- 
 inp;. In Grammar, applied to that mood 
 wh^^h expreltes wifhing or defire. 
 
 O'PTIC, Adj. [optique,'.x. Sec Optical] 
 ufed in feeing; producing fight ; relating to 
 the fcience of optics. 
 
 O'PTiCAL, A.ij. [wifnm, Gr.j relating 
 to the fcience of optics. 
 
 O'PTIC, S. any inrirumKnt of fight; the 
 eye, or organ of fight. In tlic plural, applied 
 to the fcience which explains the lav\s accord- 
 ing to which vifion or feeing is performed. 
 
 OPTI'CIAN, S one that is (killed in the 
 nature and laws of vifion, or one that m ikes 
 iiiftruments to afiid the fightj or to explain 
 the do(ftrme of vilion. 
 _ O'PTIMACY, S. [oitmiatusy'Lat.] nobi- 
 lity ; the body of nobles 
 
 O'PTIMISM, S. [o^:Umifv:c, Fr. from opti- 
 mus, Lat ] the doctrine that the prefent iyf- 
 tem of things, or created beings, is the bed 
 that God could make. 
 
 O'PTIMIST, S. [optlmijle, Fr.] a perfon 
 who holds the dodfrine that the prefent f)f 
 tcm is abfoluttly beft, and that a better could 
 not poflibly be. 
 
 OPTI'jMITY, S. the Hate of being belt, 
 O'PTION, S. [oitlo. Lat.] choice. 
 
 O'PULENCE, or O'PULFNCY, S. [Fr. 
 tptikti'.ici, Lat.] a H.ite abounding in all the 
 conveniencies and ornaments of life j wealth; 
 riches ; affluence. 
 _ O'PULENT, Adj. [Fr, opnloitu!, Lat.] 
 rich; wealthy ; abounding in every thing that 
 can render life comfortable :md fpkndid. 
 
 O'PULENTLY, Adv. lichly j plentifully; 
 /plendidly. 
 
 ORB 
 
 OR, Conj. {^othtke, outhcr. Sax. <:ier,Tt\xt!\ 
 a pariicle u'ed to Cgnify dillribution oroppo- 
 fition ; fometimc s it anfwers to either. " He 
 " mu!t either fight or die ' Before elfe, it is 
 redundant, or has no meaning. 
 
 O ., S. [Fr.] in Heraldry, gold, or gold 
 colour. 
 
 O RACH, S. a plant. 
 
 O RAGLE, S. f Fr. oracuhim, Lat.] an an- 
 fvver fuppofcd to be given to a votary hy the 
 ancient deities, when afked Libout the fuccefs 
 of a future event ; fomethiiig delivered by fUr 
 pernHtiiral wifdom j the nluce where, or per- 
 ibnofwhom anydeterminatiorsofheaven were 
 given ; any perl" n or pi cc where certain deci- 
 fions arc obtained ; one fo famed for wifdom, 
 that his decifions will not admit of difput :. 
 
 To 0'R.\CLE V. A. to pronounee, utter, 
 or deliver oracles. " By o>-acling abufe the 
 '■ Gentiles." Par. Reg. 
 
 ORA'CULA", or ORA'CULOUS, Adj. 
 uttering oracles ; like an oracle. 
 
 OrA'CUlOL'SLY, Adv. in the manner 
 of an or.icle, 
 
 OR^'CULOUSNESS. S. the Hate or qua- 
 lity of refembiing an oiacle. 
 
 O'R A I-iON, ii [Fr. orjiio, Lat. more fre- 
 quently, but not fo properly, written criJon\ 
 a p'.jycr. 
 
 O'RAL, Adj [Fr. from os, oris, Lat.] de- 
 livered in words, or by the moutii, onpofeJ 
 to written. 
 
 O'RALLY, Adv. by mouth ; without 
 wriiing. 
 
 O'RANGE, S. [Fr. auror.i.i, Lat.] the 
 fruit of a tree : a colour made of a yellow 
 and red mixed tonether. 
 
 O'R.^NGERY, S. [orar.gerie, Fr.] a plan- 
 tation of orange-trees. 
 
 O'RANGErMUSK, S. a fpecies of pears. 
 
 ORA'TIO.nT, S. [Fr. «/vi.'/o, Lat.j a fpeech 
 made according, to tkelaws of rhetoric. 
 
 O'RATOR, -S. \o,c::cur, Fr. orator. Lat ] a 
 public fpealier; a perfon who can cxprefs his 
 fentiments eloquently. A petitioner, when 
 ufed in addrcfies made to the court of Chan- 
 cery. 
 
 ORATO'RICAL, Adj. made according to 
 the rules of rhetoric ; becoming or belor.ging 
 to an orator. 
 
 O'RATORY, S. \oratcria, Lat the art 
 of fpeaking fo as to clothe one's fentiir: nts 
 in a figurative dirtion, to warm the p.lTions, 
 and to gain the aflcnt of the audirors ; the 
 excrcife of eloquence In the Romilh church, 
 a place fct apart purely for prajing. 
 
 OPvB, S. {orbe, Fr. orbis, Lat.j any round 
 or fphcrical body ; a celeftiai body or pla- 
 net. Figuratively,, a wheel, or rolling boJv. 
 " The orbs of his fieicc chaiiot." Fi.r. Left. 
 Aciiele; a circular patli dfcibed by iny 
 of the celedial bodies ; a period, or revolu- 
 tion ; a fj'here of a^ion The eye, fo called 
 on account of its (orm, and its furniniiiig 
 the liody with light. •' A drop ferene huh 
 *' qucuched
 
 O R D 
 
 ■** x5\iehchcJ their orbs.'"' Par. LiJ}. 
 
 ORBED, Adj. round J circular j formed 
 into a circle ; rounded. 
 
 ORBI'CLJ L.A R, Adj {orbkuIair(, Fr. o bi- 
 eularn, Lat] Tpherical, or of a round fhape ; 
 circular 5 in the form of a circle. 
 
 ORBI'CUL-^RLY, Adv. after the form 
 of a circle. fphericaHy ; circularly. 
 
 ORBt'CLLARNESS, S. the ftate or qua- 
 lity of being ciicular. . 
 
 O'RBIT, S. o>L,te, Fr. orbeta, Lat.] the 
 line or path defcribed by a planet in its revo- 
 lution. 
 
 O'RCHAL, S. a flone, of which a blue 
 colour is made. 
 
 O'RCHARD, S. a garden or inclofure of 
 fruit trees, 
 
 O'RCHESTRA, or O'RCHESTRE, S 
 fopp^^rp", Gr. from tfxteijcu, Gr orchejire, 
 Fr.] in the ancient theatre the lower part 
 made in the form of a femicircle, and fur- 
 rounded uith fcdts . fo called, becaufe in the 
 Crecian theatre, thty held their hall.-" in this 
 place. In the modern theatre, the place 
 where the mufiians fit 
 
 To ORDA'JN, V. A. [crJlno, Lat. ordi- 
 cier, Fr. J to appoint or decree by public au- 
 thority ; to eftablifh or fettls ; to fet in an 
 
 ORG 
 
 duces to method, or difpofes in a regular 
 manner. 
 
 O'RDERLESS, Adj. without order j in a 
 confufed manner. 
 
 <vo'RE»ERLINESS, S. the rtate or quality 
 of bcin;;- difpofed regularly, or without the 
 leafl confiiGon. 
 
 O'RDKRLY, Adj. in a manner that ii 
 confident with rule. 
 
 OR DIN ABLE, Adj. [ordino, Lzt.;< fuch 
 as may he appointed. 
 
 O''-' DTNAL, Adj. [Fr.] noting order. 
 
 O'RDINAL, S. a figure, noting order or 
 place; a ritual. 
 
 O'RDINANCE, S. a l.iw, rule, or pre- 
 cept, accordinjj to winch anything Ihould be 
 done; the obfcrvan(;e of a command; an 
 appointment. 
 
 O'RDINARTLY, Adv. [from crdinaiy'] 
 according to ellabhilied or fettled rules ; com- 
 monly 
 
 O'RDINARY, Adj. eftablifhed; ufual • 
 common ; mean ; of low rank or value. 
 ^'gly> or n"t hundfomc, applied to the fea- 
 tures. 
 
 O'RDINARY, S. an eftablifhcd judge in 
 ccclefiaft c caufes , a fettled eftablifhment j 
 n a<flual and conlfant office ; a regular price 
 
 office ; to commiflion to ^(\ as a clergymin. of a meal ; a place of eating where a perfon 
 ORDA'INER, S. one that appoints, de- pays a fettled price for eating ; one who of 
 
 crees, or commiffions another to afliime an 
 oS\ce. 
 
 O'RDEAL, S. [crdal, oniale. Sax ] a 
 metliod of proving the innocence of a perfon 
 I'ufpeiitcd of any Clime, ufed in the time of 
 Edward the Confelior, and fince as low as 
 the times of king John aijd Henry III. 
 wherein the perfon accufed was obliged to 
 pafs blindtold through a path crolled by red 
 hot bars of iron, or elfe fwallow a certain 
 quantity of water in allufion to the cullom 
 obferved by the Jews. 
 
 O'RDER, S. [oidre, Fr. ordo, Lat ] a me- 
 thod, or regular difpofition ; the eftablilhed 
 manner of pet forming a thing ; the proper 
 ftate, applied to the mind or body ; a com- 
 mand ; a rule; regular government j a clafs 
 or divifion of the members of a (late ; a reli- 
 gious fociety ; the office of a clergyman. In 
 Alhonomy, direft progrefs, oppofed to re- 
 
 ficiatcs as a chaplain at prifons. " The ordl- 
 " nary of Newgate." 
 
 To O'RDINATE, V. A. [ordinatus, Lat.] 
 to appoint 
 
 O'RDINATE, Adj. regular ;^ methodical. 
 Ordinate Jigures, arc iiich as have all their 
 lidcs and angles equal. 
 
 ORDIN^'TION, S. [ordirtatio, Lat.] an 
 eflablifhed order or tendency, ufed with to. 
 " An ordination to happincfs." Norris. The 
 a<Cl of giving a perfon authority to a£l as a 
 clergyman. 
 
 (•'RDNANCE, S. cannon, or great guns. 
 
 O'RDON NANCE, S. [Fr.] the difpofi- 
 tion of figures in a pi£\ure. 
 
 O'RDURE, S. [ordure, Fr.] dung ; ex- 
 cremens ; fifh. 
 
 ORE, S. [»r, ore, ora. Sax.] metals unre- 
 fined Figuratively, metal. 
 
 O REWEED, ox O'REWOOD, S. [ca. 
 
 trograde motion. In War, an arrangement of , Sax. and icced \ a weed growing upon tlve 
 the parts of any force, either by fe.i or land ; i rocks at high water mark, or broken from 
 or the diliancc of one rank or file from an- I the bottom of the fea by rough weather, 
 other. In Archiiecflure, a fyftem of the fe- ai)d call upon the next Ihore by the wind 
 veral members, ornaments, and proportions and furge. 
 of columns and pilaflers ; or a regular ar- O'RGAL, S. Ices of wine, 
 rangcmcnt of the projecting parts of a build- O'RG.AN, S. [or^ane, Fr. cfj-avev, Gr.] 
 ing, efpecially of a column ; or a certain rule ' any thing formed and dcfigned for fomewrer- 
 for the fr)portions of the columns or other j tain ufe, a(f\ion, or operation. In Mufic, 
 parts of a building. an inflrument confifting of feveral pipes 
 
 To O'RDER, V. A. to regulate or con-' filled with wind by means of a pair of bel- 
 idiift ; t» manage or procure ; to dire(ft or lows, having flops, and played on by the fin- 
 
 gers m the tail e manner as an harpfichord. 
 
 ORGA'NIC, or ORGA'NICAL. Adj. 
 
 O'RDERER, 5. •»? tha: r^^ulates, ic- \[(irga>:iquc, ft. (/rgamtus, Lat.] confining of 
 
 varioui 
 
 command; tocommiffionj to a£t as a cler- 
 gyman
 
 O R I 
 
 various parts co-operating and rommnnicat- 
 iug witli each other j inUrumental j made cr 
 dtiignsd for fome certain end. 
 
 ORGA'NICALLY, Adv. by means of 
 organs or inflruments ; by an organical dil- 
 pofition of parts. 
 
 CyRGANlSM, S. the ftriiaure of the 
 feverjl parts of any animal, fabric, or ma- 
 chine, fo as to operate to a certain end. 
 
 O'KGANIST, S. lorganife, Fr.J one who 
 plays on the organ. 
 
 ORGANIZA'TION, S. [from c-gairzc, 
 Fr.] conflriiflion in which the p-rts are lo 
 difpofed as mutbially to afTifl, to co-operate 
 with, and be fabfervient to, each other. 
 
 To O'RGANIZE, V. A. [organijer, Fr.] 
 to conftru(fi: the parts of an animal, fabric, or 
 machine, fo that they (liall be mutusUy fub- 
 lirvicnt to, aiid co-operate with, each other. 
 
 O'RGAN-LOFT, S. the loft where an 
 organ (lands and is played upon. 
 
 ORGA'SM, S. [orgafine, Fr. opyaa-[xo<;, 
 Or.] a fudden violence, impulfe, or appetite. 
 
 O'RGIES, S. [it has no lingular ; orgies, 
 Fr. orgia, Lat.] the mad rites performed at 
 the feaft of Bacchus. Figuratively, any 
 frantic revels. 
 _ O'RIENT, Adj. \cncns, Lat. orient, Yr.] 
 lifing by the fun j eaftern ; brit^ht ; lliining 5 
 glittering. " Morning light — more oriau 
 " in yon weftcrn cloud." Par. LcJ}, 
 
 O'RIENT, S. [Fr.] the eaft, or part 
 where the fun firft appears. 
 
 ORIE'NTAL, Adj. [Fr.] eaflern ; placed 
 in the eaft; proceeding from the eafl. 
 
 ORIE'NTAL, S. as inhabitant of the 
 caftern parts of the world. 
 
 ORIE'NTALISM, S. an expredlon or 
 manner of fpeaking peculiar to thofe who 
 live in the eaft. 
 
 ORIENT A'LITY, S. the ftate of riling 
 or being in the eafl. " No power peculiar 
 " to his oricntaHfy.'" Brcivn. 
 
 O'RIFICE, S. [oiijjcium, Lat.] any open- 
 ing or hole made by an inftrument with a 
 point. 
 
 O'RIGIN, or ORI'GINAL, S. [orighw, 
 Fr.] the beginning or firft exiflcnce ; a foun- 
 tain, fource, or that which gives beginning 
 or exiflence j a firft copy, or that from which 
 any thing is tranfcriljed, tranllated, or imi- 
 t-^uA : in this fcnfc cnginal only i; ufed. 
 Derivation or defcent. 
 
 ORI'GINAL, Adj. [onginel, Fr. ongi- 
 ■nalis, Lat.J primitive or primary ; fiifl ; 
 priftinc. 
 
 ORI'GINALLY, Adv. in its firft flate; 
 primarily, or with regard to the firft caufe 01 
 right ; at firft. 
 
 ORI'GINALNES.S, S. the quality or ft.atc 
 of being the firft or original. 
 
 ORl'GINARY, Adj. produaive, or cauf- 
 ing exiftencc ; that which has the firft Hate. 
 Seldom J fed. 
 
 To ORI'GINATE, Y. A. to produce 
 
 O R T 
 
 as a caufe ; to bring into cxifiencc. 
 
 ORIGINA'TION, S". \c^igi>tjriB, Lai.] 
 the act of producing as a firft caufe, or of 
 biinp^ing into exiftencc. 
 
 O'RION, S. [r.,-,:v, Gr.] a fouthern con- 
 ftcl'ation, confifting of 3,1 ftars. 
 
 O'RISONS, S. [not ufed m the fingulnr; 
 craifin, Fr. This '^ord is accented by i\Iiltoa 
 and Crafbaw on the firft f; liable ; by Shake- 
 fpeare botji on the firfl and lecond, and by 
 others oia the feccnd j prayers. 
 
 O'RLOP, .S. [.-.«/«/., Bclg.] the mai» 
 deck of a lliip. 
 
 O'RNAMENT, S. [or^iamcKtm?:, Lat. e,- 
 r.cment, Fr. ] an embe!!;(hment, or any thinw 
 ufed purely for fhow, or to fct oifa lliii-.T. 
 
 ORNAME'NTAL, Adj. flrving to fc^oif 
 a thing. 
 
 ORNAMF.'NTALLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to cmbcllifh or fet off. 
 
 ORNAME'NTED, Adj. embellifhcd, a- 
 dorned, or fet off. 
 
 ORNA'TE, Adj. {oi-r.catus, Lat.] fine, 
 adorned. " So bececk'd ornate, and gay." 
 iT;//f. Agon. 
 
 ORNA'TENESS, S. finery. 
 
 O'RNATURE, S. d;^oration. A'tifivcrth. 
 
 ORNI'SCOPIST, S. [from cpvi? and «to- 
 TTSJ), Gr.] one who examines the flight of 
 birds, in order to forctel fomc future event. 
 
 ORNITHO'LOGY, S. [from c^r.; ani 
 hiyaq, Gr.] a dilcourfe on birds. 
 
 O'RPHAN, S. [o5-c;iavotj, Gr.] a cliild who 
 has loft either one or both of its paients. 
 
 O'RPHAN, Adj. deprived either of one 
 or both parents by death. 
 
 O'RPHANAGE, or O'RPHANISM, S. 
 [orphdinage, Fr.] the ftate of a chili who 
 has loft either one or both its parents. 
 
 O'RPIMENT, S. {orfimcnt, Fr. aurifig- 
 T>:cr.:::m, Lat.] a foliaceous foffil, of a fine 
 and pure texture, remarkably heavj', and of 
 a bright and beautiful yellow, like gold, very 
 tough, bending eafily without breaking, melt- 
 ing readily, and foon burning away : it i&. 
 ufed by painters for a gold colour. 
 
 O'RRERY, S. an inftiumcnt which rc- 
 prefents the revolutions of the heavenly bo- 
 dies : firlt invented by Mr. Rowley, of 
 Litchfield, and named from the earl of Or- 
 rery, that gentleman's patron 
 
 O'RRIS, S. \<irh, Lat.] a plant or flower; 
 a kind of gold or filvcr lace : from er/;V, 
 old Fr. 
 
 O RTMODOX, Adj. [Fr. from cp5cc, snJ 
 JoxES), Gr.] foimd in opinion or Jodtrinc, 
 applied to religious principles. 
 
 O'RTHODOXLY, Adv. with a found- 
 nefs of opinion or dodtrinc. 
 
 O'RTHODOXY, S. [from o9sc, and Jo>, 
 Gr. ] foundncfs of do^rine or opinion in 
 matters of religion. 
 
 ORTHODRO'MICS, S. from »pS:? and 
 if'-iUo;, Gr.] right failing, or the arr. of fail- 
 ing in ihe arch of Ibme ]itcat circle, wliicU
 
 O S P 
 
 O S T 
 
 5s the fhorteft iliflance between any tuc points \frcy] the Tea caglp, of which it is repoifedf. 
 
 I 
 
 on the lliiface of the globe 
 
 ORTHO'GONAL, Adj. [of t^$cg, and 
 yiv-iet, Gr.] right-angled. 
 
 OR-THu'GR.aPHER, S. fc:?o;,ir\i j-pa- 
 ■<^!fi, Gr.] one who Ipells according to the 
 jule.'; of grammar, or the general pia(flice of 
 the beft authors. 
 
 ORTHOGR A'PHIC, or ORTHOGRA'- 
 PHIC.AL, Adj. rightly i^-elled ; relating to 
 the fpelling; delineated according to the ele- 
 vatioB, not the ground plots. In Geogra- 
 phy) the crtlB?ra[.'h:c frcj-eciicn of the fphere. 
 is a reprcfentation of the )everai points of 
 
 that when he hovers in the air, ail the fi'a 
 in the water turn up their bellies, and lie 
 ftill for him to choofe which he pleafes. 
 Hanmer, ' 
 
 O'SSELET, S. [a diminutive of of, a 
 bon-?] a little hard fuhflar.ce arifing on the 
 infide of an horfc's knee, an-,ong the fmall 
 bones. 
 
 O'SSICLE, S. [cjftculum, Lat.] a fmall 
 bone. 
 
 OSSI'F.'C, Adj [from cj, and fcch, Lat ] 
 having the power of turning into bone. 
 
 OSSIFICATION, S. the aO of changing 
 
 its fiiit'acecn a plane, which cuts it in the the ficfhy parts int'j bones ^ the flate of a 
 middle, the eye being fiifporcd to be pLctd membranous part changed into bone, 
 
 at an infinite diflance, vertical to one of its 
 hcmifphei-es. 
 
 OTRHCGRAPHY, S. that part of 
 grammar v.hich teaches how \iords ri>3uld be 
 Ipelt ; the art or practice of fpelli:].'^. In Ar- 
 chitecture, the ek-vaiion of a bvjld'ng. In 
 ■Geometry, the art of e:cprcffing or drawing 
 the fore-light plan, or fide of anyobjedt. In 
 Tortification, the profile or plan of any 
 work. 
 
 DRTHOP'NOEA;, S. [onhotvce, Fr. co 
 Go;, and 77V-a!, Gr.] ia Medicine, a diforder 
 in which a perfon cannot breathe, unlefs he 
 continues in an upright or crc<ft poflure. 
 
 O'RTIVE, Adj. "[ortiiie, Fr.] re.ating to 
 the raifmg of any planet or Aar. 
 
 O'RTOL.'^K, S. [Fr.] a fmall bird, ac 
 counted very delicijiis food. 
 
 ORTS, S. [from ada, Ir. a fragment] re- 
 fufe ; fcraps of meat left on a plate ; things 
 left or thrown away, 
 
 GRVl'ETAN, S. lor-vlftano, Ital. fo call- 
 ed from a mwunteh.nk of Orvieto in Italy] 
 an antidote or medicine uftd to prevent the 
 effects of poifon. 
 
 OSCHECCELE, S. [from oiyj:--, and 
 xeXh, Gr.] a kind of hernia or rupture, 
 wherein the intellines break into the fcro- 
 tum. 
 
 OSCILLA'TION, S. [o/aUum, Lat.] the 
 a£t of moving backwards and forwards. 
 
 OSCI'LLA TORY, Adj. \oJcUlum, Lat.] 
 moving backwards and forwards like a pen- 
 -dulum. 
 
 O'aCITANCY, S \ofdtamm, Lat.] the 
 aft of yawning j uuufual flcepinefsj carelefs- 
 jiefs 
 
 O'SCITANT, Adj. [ofrltans, Lat.] bition or v:inity 
 
 O'SSIFRAGE, S. [olJ'frcge, Fr. opfraga, 
 Lat.] a kind of eagle, fo caheJ becaiife it 
 breaks the hones of animals in order to come 
 at the marrow. 
 
 To O'-SSiFY, V. A. [from os, and >, 
 La'.] to change into a bone 
 
 OSSiVOP ANT, Adj. [from »s, and wra, 
 Lat. J devouring bones. 
 
 O SSUARY, S. [ofuarlum, Lat.] a char- 
 nel houfe ; a place where the bones of the 
 dead are kept. 
 
 OST, or OOST, S, a vefTei upon which 
 hops cr malt is dried. 
 
 OSTE'N.SIVE, Adj. [oftentj./, Fr. ofimjus, 
 Lat. J fioewing. 
 
 O'STENT, S. [ojlentum, Lat.] an appear- 
 ance, air, or mien. " In a fad o/7crf." ishak. 
 Sho\v, or token. " Such fair alUnts of hn-e." 
 yhak. A portent or prodigy, accented on 
 the laQ fyllable. " Frighted with this dire 
 " 'jflcm." Dryd. The twofirft fenfes are pe- 
 culiar to Sh.;kefpear. 
 
 OSTENTA'TION, S. [Fr. offcmatlo, 
 L::t.] mere outward fhew or appearance ; a 
 difphy of any thing, including vanity, or 
 ambition. 
 
 OS FENTA'TIOUS, Adj. fond of (hew- 
 ing any thing which may give the public an 
 advantageous opinion of one's wealth or abi- 
 lities. 
 
 OSTENTA'TIOUSLY, Adj fhewing or 
 difpkying in fuch a manner as declares ambi- 
 tion or vanity. 
 
 OS TEN TA'TIOUSNESS, S. the aft of 
 difplaying with vanity or ambition. 
 
 OSIENTA'TOR, S. [opmatcur, Fr.] 
 lone that difplays any advantage through am- 
 
 Vawning ; unufuuUy flcepy ; lluggifh j care 
 itfs. 
 
 OSCITA'TION, S. [from cjc'.to, Lat. to 
 yawn] tl-.e aft of yriwning. Figuratively, 
 carclclTnefs. 
 
 GSCULA'TION, S. kifling. 
 
 O'SIER, S. [Fr ) a tree of the willow 
 kind, growing by the water, the twigs of 
 v^hirh ?re ufcd in making balkets. 
 
 O'.SMUND, S. a pbnt. 
 
 O'kPKEY, S. [from oj, Lat, a bone, 2nd 
 
 OSTEO'COLLA, S, [tjletcolk, Fr.] a 
 fpar generally coarfe, concreted with earthy 
 and llony mattec-^-p'recijiitated by water, and 
 incruftcd upon (licks, (tones, ©"f. famous for 
 liringing on csllus in bones, but fcldom ufcd 
 in modern praftice. 
 
 OSTEO'LOGY, S. [acrtsv, and Xo>.®', 
 Gr.] a difcourfc or defcription of bones. 
 
 O'STIARY, S. [o/i?i"«w?, l.at.] the mouth 
 or opening at which a river difcharges itfelf 
 into the fea. 
 
 OST-
 
 O T VV 
 
 O'STLF.R, S. Zc&Eojlkr. 
 
 O'STRACISM, S. [ojiradfme, Fr. »<rpa.- 
 KKTfx'^, Gr. from o-paxov, Gr. a fhell, on 
 which the perfon's name was written who was 
 to be baniflicd] a method taken by the Athe- 
 nians to banilh fuch pirfons in their (late 
 whofe great power, abilities, or merit, ren- 
 dered them capable of attempting any thing 
 which miftht endanger the conftitution. Fi- 
 guratively, banifhmentor public cenfurc. 
 
 OSTRACI'TES, S. the common oyfler 
 in its foffile flate; a petrified oyiter. 
 
 O'SiRICH, S. [aupr:uhe,cjb-uce, Fr. abe- 
 Jirux, a'uefjrifx. Span. Jfrus,z,uo, Ital. firaufo, 
 Tent. Jlntthio, Lat.J a very large bird. Its 
 winps arc fhort, and its neck about four or 
 five ipans ; the leathers of its wings are in 
 great efleem as ornaments. They are hunted 
 by way of eourfe, for they never fly, but ufe 
 their wings to afflft them in running They 
 fvvallow bits of iron in the fime manner as 
 other birds do gravel or ftones, to airif: in 
 digefting their food. They lay their eggs on 
 the ground, hide them under the find, and 
 leave them to be hatched by the fun . The 
 flapidity of this bird is remarkable on two ac- 
 counts: firft, in covering its head with reeds, 
 and thinking, that notwithftanding its body 
 is all that time expofed, it caqnot be feen. 
 Secondly, the manner in which they are 
 caught : they that go in purfuit of them draw 
 the fkin of an oflrich's neck on one hand, 
 which proves a fufficient lure to catch them 
 with the otiicr. It is obfervablc that they 
 have fo little brain, that the emperor Helio- 
 gabiilus had the brains of 6oa heads one night 
 for his fupper. 
 
 OTACOU'STIC, S. [from oitx, and aHoua, 
 Gr.] a medicine to cure deafnefs ; an inftru- 
 ment ufed by the deat to make them hear 
 better. 
 
 O'THER, Pron. [cther^ anther, authre. 
 Sax. OKtre, Fr. altro, ltd. a/ier, Lit.] applied 
 to things, different, oppofcd to fkis. Applied 
 to perfons, not one's leU', but fomcbody elfe. 
 Ufed witliyF^t-, tlic conir.'ry. Ufed wiiheach, 
 it iinplies reciprocation, fomethingbefides, or 
 .more; the ne.xt. Aiicr rcxt, it implies tlie 
 third, joined with <%. Sometimes it is ufed 
 eliptically for an ethn/' thing, or foniething 
 different. 
 
 O'THER WISE, Adv. in a different man- 
 ner ; by other means or caufeS j in other 
 refpeifts, 
 
 OTTER, S. [oter, otyr. Sax. oter, Belg. 
 and Teut.] an amphibious animal that preys 
 upon fifli : the toes of its hinder feet are 
 joined by a niembiane like thcfe of a goofe 
 or a duck, but the fore feet have none ; its 
 teeth refemble thofe of a dog 5 and its tdil, 
 which is long and taper, that of a cat. It 
 harbours in burrows, which it makes near 
 the water fide, and is fometimes tamed, and 
 tjfed to drive fiOi into a net. 
 
 O'TWAY, (TaoMAs) fon of Mr. Hum 
 
 O T W 
 
 phry Otvvay, re£ior of Wolbeding. iri SufTcTC,- 
 and was born at Trottia in that county, 
 March 3, 161; I. He received his firft cduca^ 
 tion at Wickham fchool near Winchefler^ 
 and became a commoner of Ghrift-church ir» 
 (Oxford in i66a, but quitted it without a de- 
 gree. Upon his arrival in London, he com- 
 menced aif^or, but without fuccefs. The fpi- 
 rittdnefs of his wit and convcrfation, how- 
 ever, foon madehim admired, and gained hims 
 the favour of Charles earl of Plymouth, who 
 prornred him a coronet's commiflion in the 
 ncw-raifcd forces defigned for Flanders 5 bu£ 
 nature perhaps denying him that courage and 
 refoluiion fo requilire to form the foldier, he 
 foon returned to EngLnd in very mean cir- 
 cum fiances, and exchanged the chance of 
 reaping laurels in the field for the equally un- 
 certain and barren laurels of the mufes. His- 
 comedy has been ceiifured for toomucli liber- 
 tinifm; but in tragedy he has generally ob- 
 " rved the decorum of the llage, andhasciofe- 
 ly followed nature in his language, and there- 
 fore fnines in the paffionate parts more thaa 
 any of our Englifh poets. Mr. Charles Gil- 
 don, in his laws of poetry, lilies Otway a 
 poet of the firft rank ; and tells us, with. 
 reat juftice, that he was perfeft maflcr of 
 the tragic paffions, and draws them every 
 where with fuch delicate and natural fimpli- 
 city, as never fails to raife (Irong emotions 
 in the foul. His Orphan is a flriking in fiance 
 of this force ; for though the tragedy is not 
 heightened by the importance of the charac- 
 ters, his inimitable Ikill in" reprefenting the 
 woikings of the heart, and its affcftions, is 
 fuch, that the circumftances are great from 
 the art of the poet, rather -ban from the dig- 
 nity of the perfons reprefented. Venice Prc- 
 ferved is flill a greater proof of his influence 
 over our paffions, and the faailty of ming- 
 ling good and bad characters, and involving 
 their fortunes, fcems to be the dirtinguflici 
 excellence of this writer. Mr. Addifon juil ly 
 obfcrves, that Otway has founded this tra- 
 gedy on fo wrong a plot, that the greateft cha- 
 raiflers in it arc thofe of rebels and traitors. 
 Had the hero of this piece difcovered the fame 
 good qualities in the defence of his country, 
 that he fliewed forits ruin and fubverfion, the 
 audience could not enough pity and admire 
 him : but as he is now leprefentcd, we can 
 only fay of him what the Roman hiftorian 
 fiys of Cataline, that his fall had been glori- 
 ous, Ji pri patna fu coniidejjct, had he io fal- 
 len in the Ibvicc of his country. Great as 
 our author's parts were, he had many ene- 
 mies among his cotemporary poets, of whom 
 Dryden was not the leaft ; who, tho' be was 
 often heard to call Otway a barren illiterate 
 man, yet was forced to confcfs, that he pol- 
 fefled a power which heiwanted, nii^t^. moving 
 the paffions After fullering many cclipfes of 
 fortune (chiefly owing to iiis own bad con- 
 dufl) this excellent poet died of want at a 
 ' public-
 
 O V E 
 
 fviMic-Iioafe on Tower-hill in 16S5, and 33d 
 yi-.iX of his age He was doubtlcfs driven to 
 this obfcure retreat to avoid the perfecution 
 ot' his creditors ; and as he durd hot appear 
 often abroad to Ibllicit afTiftance, and had no 
 means of getting money, he was in the great- 
 eft dirtrefs. Compelled by his preffing ne- 
 cellity, Mr. Otway, whofe delicacy would not 
 permit him to run in debt to people nearly 
 in the fame circumflances with himfelf, at 
 lad ventured out of his lurking-place, almod 
 naked, and Ihiveving with cold, and went in 
 
 to a coffee-houfe on Tower-hill, where he faw an arch. 
 
 O V E 
 
 petition; to excefs. O-ver aiiti ah-vc,\mfliii 
 befidcs, or more than what was at firft fup- 
 pofed, or immediatelyintended. O'vcr aga'tttji, 
 oppofitc, or facing in front. In Compofi- 
 tion its fignifications are various, but it gene- 
 rally implies excefs, more than enough, or too 
 much. 
 
 To O'VERABOUND, V. A. to abound 
 more than enough. 
 
 To O'VERAGT, V. A, to carry any 
 charafter too far ; to acl more than enough. 
 
 To O'VERARCH, V. A. to cover with 
 
 t 
 
 a gentleman, of whom he had fome know 
 ledge, and of whom he folicited the loan of 
 a fhiliing. The gentleman recolleding Mr. 
 Otway, though in this extreme mean ap- 
 pearance, and fhocked to fee the author of 
 ycrace Preferred begging, compaflionateiy put 
 into his hand a guinea. Mr. Otway, having 
 thanked his benefa<ftor in the mofl fubmiflive 
 terms, retired, and changed the guinea to 
 purchafe a roll j but as his ftomach was full 
 of wind by long fading, the firft mouthful 
 choalced him, and indantaneoufly put a pe- 
 riod to hii days. 'I hus, it is reported, Mr. 
 Ot'A'ay died. 
 
 O'VAL, Adj. [cviik. Fr. ai'um, Lat.] ob- 
 long; rcfcmbling an egg when Cut into two 
 the long ways. 
 
 O'VAL, S. a roundifh figure, whofe length I too great weight. 
 
 To O'VERAWE, V. A. to keep in awe. 
 
 To O'VERBALANCE, V. A. to weigh 
 down or preponderate. 
 
 O'VERBALANCE.S.fomethingmorelhan 
 an equivalent. 
 
 To O'VERIJEAR, V. A. to bear down; 
 to reprefs or whelm. ^-^-.^ 
 
 To O'VERBID, V. A. to offer more fof 
 a thing than it is worth. 
 
 To O'VERBLOW, V. A. to drive away 
 the clouds before the wind. Neuterly, to be 
 pad its violence. 
 
 O'VERBOARD, Adv. off", or out of ?. 
 fhip. \ 
 
 To O'VERBULK, V. A. to opprefs by 
 bulk. " To «t'£t/)u//^ us all." Sbak. 
 
 To O'VERBURDEN, V. A. to load with 
 
 greater than its breadth, and rcfembles an 
 egg. 
 
 OVA'RIOUS, Adj. [from otut;?, Lat.] 
 confiding of eggs. 
 
 O'VARY, S. fc-valre, Fr. ci-armn, Lat.] 
 f' e part of the body of an animal, wherein 
 
 To O'VERCAST, V. A. to cloud, or 
 darken j to cover, ufed by fempdrefles for 
 that kind of work with which they cover 
 button holes; to rate too high. 
 
 To O'VERCHARGE, V. A. to opprefs, 
 cloy, or furcharge with too mucii food ; to' 
 
 e eggs are lodged, and impiegnatio.T is per- load or croud to excefs ; to rate too high ; to 
 
 icimed 
 
 OVA'TION, S. [Fr. c-uatio. Lat.] a ledcr 
 triumph among the Romans, allowed to thofe 
 I hat defeated an enemy without much blood- 
 fhed, or conquered one his formidable. 
 
 OU'BAT, or OU'BUST, S. a hairy cater- 
 pillar. 
 
 OUCH, S. a fpang'e, or glittering orna- 
 ment made of fmall plates of gold and iilver, 
 or of jewels. Ohiokte. 1 he ouri> of a boar, 
 is the blow given by the tufk of a boar, from 
 ocher, Fr. to cut. 
 
 O'VEN, S. ff//r, of re. Sax. e-ven, Belg. 
 »un, Teut.] an avciu-d cavity heated with 
 largots, and ufed in baking. 
 
 O'VER, Prep. [»/."-, Goth ohcr, cfcr, ofre, 
 o-.ier. Sax. offoer, Dan.] fuperior to, or above, 
 applied to excellence, dignity, authority, or 
 place. Acrofs, or from one fide to the other. 
 ••' lie leaped (me- the brook." Thorough. 
 *' All the world o»i'cr.'' Hanmer. Some period 
 before, joined with night. 
 
 O'VFR, Adv. above the top ; more than 
 a qi'antity alTigned ; from fide to fide ; from 
 one to another ; from a country beyond the 
 fcs ; on the furfacej pad. To read c-jcr, is 
 to icaw thv^ugliout. O'emnd s'f-, denotes le- 
 
 fili too full ; to load with too great a charge. 
 
 To O'VERCLOUD, V. A. to cover with 
 clouds. 
 
 To O'VERCOME, V. A. [preter, Jow;- 
 came, p:irt. pad. ouercome ; from otcrcomen, 
 Belg. ofercmaen, Sax.] to fubdue, conquer, or 
 vanquifh in battle or by calamity j to over- 
 flow. 
 
 O'VERCOMFR, S. one that conquers an 
 enemy, or any difficulty. 
 
 To O'VERDO, V. A. to do any thing to 
 excefs. 
 
 To O'VERDRESS, V. A. to adorn too 
 much. 
 
 To O'VER FLOW, V. N. to be too full 
 to be contained within the biim ; to abound 
 to excefs. A<!^ively, to fill beyond the brim ; 
 to deluge, drown, or cover with water. Fi- 
 gur.-\tively, to overpower. 
 
 O'VRRFLOVv', S. the date of a vedtl 
 which has more liquor poured in it thsn is 
 iufficient to fill it ; fuch a quantity as flows 
 over ; too great an abundance. 
 
 O'VERFtOWING, S. the art of exceed- 
 ing limits, applied to water. Too great a 
 plentv or abundance. 
 
 0'V£RFLO^\'INGLy. Adj. in fuch » 
 niiuvncsr
 
 O V E 
 
 a manner as to exceed any limits. 
 O'VERFORWARDNESS, S. too great 
 a Quicknefs or forwardnefs. 
 
 To O'VERFREIGHT, V. A. [preter 
 yverfrdghtedf part, o-vafraugkt] to load too 
 lieavily. 
 
 To O'VERGO, V. A. to furpafs, exceed, 
 or excel. 
 
 To O'VERGORGE, V. A. t@ eat or 
 fw allow t>oo much. 
 
 To O'VERGROW, V. A. [preter over- 
 giezv, part. pad", overgroivn \ to cover by 
 i^rowth ; to rife higher above. Neuterly, to 
 grow beyond the ufual ftandard, or natural 
 lize. 
 
 O'VERGROWTH, S. exccflivc growth. 
 To O'VERHALE, V. A. to fpread over ; 
 to examine a fecond time. 
 
 To O'VLRHANG, V. A. to jut or hang 
 over. 
 
 To O'VF.RHARDEN^ V. A. to make 
 too hard. 
 
 O'VERHEAD, Adv. aloft; above j in 
 the cieling ; over a perion's head. 
 
 To O'VERHEAR, V. A. to hear thofe 
 who do not intend to be heard. 
 
 ToO'VERHEAT, V. A. toheatto excefs. 
 To O'VERJQY, V. A. to tranfport ; to 
 affeift with loo much joy. 
 
 O'VERJOY, S. excefs of joy. 
 To O'VERLADE, V. A. to opprefs with 
 too heavy a burthen. 
 
 To O'VERLAY, V. A. to opprefs by too 
 much weight or power ; to fmother with too 
 much or too clofc covering; to cover the fur- 
 iacc of a thing ; to join by fomething laid 
 over. I 
 
 To O'VERLEAP, V. A. to leap over, 
 or acrofs. 
 
 O'VERLEATHER, .«;. the upper leather, 
 
 or that part of a (hoc which covers the foot. 
 
 " My toes look through ihco'verkatijtr." SLak. 
 
 To O'VERLIVE. V. A. to live too long. 
 
 To O'VERLOAD, V. A. to burthen with 
 
 too great a load. 
 
 To O'VERLOOK, V. A. to view from a 
 higher place ; to perufe j to fupeiintesd ; to 
 review ; to r.egJcifl: ; to flight, as if it had 
 never aff'c£\cd the fight or mind. 
 
 O'VERLOOKER, S. one that fees over 
 any thing below ; one tiiat pallcs by a thing 
 vvitliout obferving it. 
 
 O'VERM.'VSTED, Adj. having too much' 
 raaft. 
 
 To O'VERMATCH, V. A. to be too 
 powerful ; to conquer. 
 
 O'VERMATCH, S. on« of fuperier 
 power. 
 
 O'VERMEASURE, S. fomething more 
 than meafure. 
 
 O'VERMOST, Ad), higheft, or fuperior 
 to others in authority. 
 
 O'VERMUCH, Adj. too much ; more than 
 enough. 
 
 O'VERiMVCn, Adv. in too great a degree. 
 4 
 
 O V E 
 
 O'VERNIGHT, S. [this word is nfci 
 only as a compound noun by Shakefpearc J 
 but by Addifon as a noun and a prepofitionj 
 the night before. 
 
 To O'VERNAME, V. A. to read tlw 
 names in a lift. 
 
 OVER-OFFI'CIOUS, Adv. too bufy; toe 
 fond of alTifHng ; too importunate 
 
 To O'VERPASS, V. A. to pafs over or 
 crofs ; to overlook or flight ; to omit in a 
 reckoning ; to omit without receiving. 
 
 O'VERPAST, Part, and Adj-. gone; pad. 
 To O'VERPAY, v. A. to pay too much, 
 OVERPLUS, S. that which remains a- 
 bove what is fufficient. 
 
 To OVERPOISE, V. A. to outweigh. 
 O'VERPOISE, S. any weight which is- 
 heavier than, or out-ballances, another. 
 
 To O'VRRPOV/ER, V. A. to conquer, 
 or opprefs by greater power. 
 
 To O'VERPRESS, V. A. to cruft, or 
 bear upon with irrefiftihle force. 
 
 To O'VERPRIZE, V. A. to value at too 
 high a rate, 
 
 CKVER-RANK, Adj. too high a rank. 
 ToO'VER-RATE, V. A. to rate or value- 
 too high. 
 
 To O'VER-REACH, V. A. to rife above; 
 to ftretch one's felf too much in reaching; 
 to deceive or impofe upon by fuperior cun- 
 ning. Neuterly, to bring the hinder feet 
 too far forwards, and ftrike the toes againft 
 the fore fhoes, applied to a horfe. 
 
 To O'VER-RULE, V. A. to influence^ 
 or force to a compliance by fuperior autho- 
 rity ; to govern with excefs^of authority. la 
 Law, to fiiperfede, or reje£t as incompetent. 
 " To lyjer-yule a plea." 
 
 To O'VER-RUN, V. A. to wanderthrough 
 a country by force of arms ; to exceed in 
 running ; to overfpread, or cover all over ; 
 to pefter or iiarrnfs by numbers. In- 
 Printing, to be obliged to change the difpo- 
 fition of the lines in correftions, becaufe the 
 i.-iferti. ns cannot bccentaincd within thcfor- 
 mer compafs. Neuterly, to flow over ; to be 
 more than full. 
 
 To O'VERSEE, V. A to fuperintend ; 
 to pafs by without raking n:)tice ; to omit. 
 O'VERSEEN, Part, miftaken or deceived. 
 OVERSE'ER, S. one who is employed to 
 fee tliat others perform their duty; an officer 
 [employed to coUcft and take care of the- 
 money coliefted for the poor of a parifn. 
 
 To O'VER.SE T, V. A. to turn the bot- 
 tom of a veflel upwards. Figuratively, tor 
 be hurried away !jy any impetuous pallion. 
 Ncutcily, to fall otf its bafis. 
 
 To O'VtRSHADE, V. A. to make dark. 
 
 To O'VERSHADOW, V. A. to caft a 
 
 flmdow ovL-r any thing ; to fheiter or proteQ. 
 
 To O'VERSHOO r, V. N. to fly be- 
 
 yond the mark. Artively, to flioot beyon* 
 
 the mark ; to venture too far }. to go beyoiii 
 
 jjoue's abilities. 
 
 CVFR'
 
 O V E 
 
 O'VERSTGHT, S. the office of a perfon 
 employeti to fee that others perform their du- 
 ty; a miiVake or error owing to inadvertence. 
 
 To O'VERSKIP, V. A. lo pafs by leap- 
 ing ; to pafs over. Figuratively, to efcape. 
 
 7oO'VERSLEFP,V. A.[prctcranJpart. 
 pad; o'verjJ'jf.:] to flcep too lon<;. 
 
 To O'VtRSLli', V. A. to pafs without 
 doing oi- takifg notice of. 
 
 O'ViCRSPENr, Adj. wearied or fitigued 
 by too much labour. 
 
 To O'VERSPREAD, V. A. to cover, 
 fpread, or fcatter over. 
 
 To O'V'ERSTAND, V. A. to (land too 
 obflinately upon conditions. 
 
 To O'VERSTOCK, V. A. to croud, or 
 fill too full. 
 
 To O'VERSTORE, V. A. to (lore with 
 too much 
 
 To O VERSTR.AIN, V. N. to ftrain any 
 part by making too violent efforts. Actively, 
 to rtrctch too far. 
 
 To O'VERSWAY, V. A. to force to 
 compliance by fuperior authority. 
 
 To O' VERS WELL, V. A. to fwell over, 
 or rife above. 
 
 O'VERT, Adj. [ouwn, Fr.J open ; pub- 
 lic ; apparent. 
 
 O'VERiLY, Adv. openly. 
 
 ToO'VERTAKE, V. A. 'to catch in pur- 
 fuit ; to come up to fomething going before. 
 To furprize, followed hy in. 
 
 To O'VERT ASK, V. A. to exaft too 
 great labour or duties. 
 
 ToO'VERTAX, V. A. to tax too highly. 
 
 ToO'VERTHROW, V. A. [preter '.t-w- 
 threiu, ^■wt.c'vcrtbroiuti] to turn uplide down j 
 to throw down ordemclilh; to dclfroy. To 
 conquer or defeat, applied to an army. 
 
 OVERTHROW, S. the (late of being 
 throvvn down, ortumhled upfiJe down; ruinj 
 dertiuflion ; degrad.uion ; a defeat. 
 
 O'VERTH'cOVvKR, S. one that beats 
 down, ruins, or defeats. 
 
 0'Vl-RTH'vVARgp;'Adv. oppofite, or o- 
 ver aoainft ; crolTift^itity thing. Perverfe, 
 applied to humou^jF 
 
 O'VKRTHWARTNESS, .S. perverfenefs 
 
 O'VER TOOK, praer and part, padive of 
 Ovei take. 
 
 To O'VERTOP, V. A. to rife above the 
 top. Figuratively, to excel i or furpafs ; to 
 make of lefs importance by fuperior excel- 
 lence. 
 
 To O'VERTRADE, V. A. to deal for 
 more than ones (lock will carry on. 
 
 To O'VERTRIP, V. A. tu trip or walk 
 light and nimbly over. 
 
 O'VtRTURE, S. [cuveriurc, Fr. j an 
 opening, or difclofurc ; a propofal ; a piece 
 of mufic, ufuallv ending with a fugue. 
 
 ToO'VERTURN, V. A. to throw down; 
 to ruin ; to fubvert. Fi;:5urarively, to over- 
 power, funnuunt, or coB4Ucr, 
 
 our 
 
 To O'VERVALUE, V A. to rate at toor 
 iligh a prire. 
 
 To O'VER WATCH, V. N. to watch too 
 long. 
 
 To O'VERWEEN, V, N. tO think too 
 higl.ly of one's felf. 
 
 O'VER WEENTNGLY, Adv. with too 
 mucii arrogance, or too good an opinion of 
 one's felf. 
 
 To O'VER WEIGH, V. A. to weigh 
 down ; to weigh more ; to be of more im- 
 portance. 
 
 O'VER WEIGHT, S. the ftateof a thing 
 which is heavier than another ; the quantity 
 given above the net weight. 
 
 To O'VER WHELM, V. A. to crufh un- 
 der fomething violent or Iic.ivy ; to look 
 gloomy ; to bcjt down by force of water. 
 
 O'VERWHELMINGLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner as to beat down and overcome, ap- 
 p ied piimarily to water, and figuratively, to 
 calamity, or the padions. 
 
 O'VER WISE, Adj. affededly wife ; con- 
 ceited ; wife to atfeflation. 
 
 O'VER WROUGHT, Adj. laboured too 
 much ; wrouglit all over. 
 
 O'VER-ZL-ALOUS.Adj. zealous too much. 
 
 OUGHI, S. {cwih:, oivuht. Sax. J any 
 thing. 
 
 ODGHT, Verb Imperf was bound to 
 pay, or indebted ; to be obliged by duty ; to 
 be fit or nece(rary. 
 
 OVIFORM, Adj. ffrom o-jum, in^ for' 
 ma, Lat.] having the (hapeof an egg. 
 
 OVI'PAROUS, Adj. [from o-i/aw, and 
 pa<io, Lat.] bringing forth eggs. 
 
 OUNCE, S. \oncc, Fr. vnaa, Lat.] a weight, 
 tiie twelfth part of a pound, conrainitig twenty 
 penny-weights in Troy weiglit. In Avcrdu- 
 poife weight, the fixteenth part of a pound. 
 In Natural Hidory, a lynx, or panther; from 
 once, Fr. t-n'X.a, Span. 
 
 OUPH, S. [Seef//"] a fairy, or imagin.iry 
 being called a goblin. 
 
 O'JR, Pron. Pofitdive f« f. Sax. iior, 
 Tcut and lil] pertaining or belonging to us; 
 of the fame country with us. When the fub- 
 (lantlvc oroes before, we write ours, " £d- 
 " mund, you (hall beor^n." Shak. 
 
 OU'RSELVES, Reciprocal Pron. fthe 
 plural of m\felf] we, exclufive of others. 
 Otirjdf IS ufed'in the fingular by kings. 
 
 OUSE, S. [cc/I, Teut.J tanner'.^ bark. 
 
 OU'SEL, S. [ oj!^. Sax. ) a blackbird. " The 
 " oujl'l cock (o black of hue." Utai. 
 
 1 o OUST, V. A. [pronounced o:it[ oufter^ 
 'jtsr, Fr. ] in Law, to put out, or deprive of. 
 " 0: pfd of his pofiLdlon." 3 Go. 349. 
 
 OU 1', Adv. [ut, us, Goth, a. Sax. ut, iix, 
 0, Ifl.J not in a yldce, generally oppofed to in. 
 In a (late of difclofure. " 1 he leaves are 
 " cut.'" Bac. Abfent from a place or home; 
 from an inner to a more public part. Ex- 
 haiiAcd, applicJ 10 liquors. Difc^idcd by the
 
 OUT 
 
 court, r ondly, or fo as to lie heanl, aftfr the 
 verbs /peak, read, laugh, &c. Let to ano- 
 ther, applied to lands. In an error, applied 
 to thejudjiment. At a lofs, applied to the 
 under(tandin;.i;. Out at eWoiui, iignilles torn 
 or worn in holes, applied to dieis, or in a 
 ftate of poverty, applied to condition. 'I his 
 word is ufcdemph.iticiily before ain, and af- 
 ter verbs Cgnifyint; difcovery. 
 
 OUT, Interj. an cxpr*.fnoii of ahhorrence, 
 and ficjnifying, be gone immediately. 
 
 OUT OF, I'rep. [Johnfon obferves, that 
 e/"feemstc) be the prepotitio i, and owf only 
 to modify the (tiaic of of\ from, applied to 
 produce. Not in, or excluded from, applied 
 to place. Beyond, applied to power. Not 
 irj) applied to fc-afon. From, applied to the 
 thing or materials of which any thing is made. 
 From or dlfcharge, applied to duty. Incon- 
 fiilent with, applied to character. Part, with- 
 out, applied to hope. By means of, applied 
 to cauic In confequencc of. Out of hand, 
 implies immediately, or without delay. 
 
 i o OUT, V. A. [See Ouji] to expel , 
 to deprive. 
 
 OU r, in Compofition, generally implies 
 compaiifon, and lignifies famclhing bejond 
 another, or more than iifual. 
 
 To OUTA CT. V. A. to ad any part to 
 excefs. 
 
 To OUTBI'D, V. A. to bid or offei 
 more than another. 
 
 OUTfJI'DDER, S. one that bids or ofTers 
 more than another. 
 
 OU TBO'UND, Adj. bound to fail to Tome 
 foreign country. 
 
 To OU'TBRA'VE, V, A. to bear down 
 or difgrace by fupcrior courage, infoknce, or 
 Ihew. 
 
 To OUTBRA'ZEN, V. A. to get the 
 better of by impud.nce. 
 
 OUTBREAK, S. that which burfis out- 
 wards ; an eruption. 
 
 To OUTHRE'ATHR, V. A. to weary by 
 having longer or better breath; to expire, or 
 breathe out. 
 
 OU'TCAST, r<,rt. thrown away as a re- 
 fyfc ; baniflied. 
 
 OU'TCAST, S. one rejeaed or expelled. 
 
 To OUTCRA'FT, V. A. to excel in 
 cunning. 
 
 OU'TCRY, S. any loud noife made as a 
 fign of diflrefs, or a clamour made in detef- 
 tation. 
 
 To OUTDA'TE, V. A. to antiquate. 
 
 To OUTDO', V. A. to excel, furpafs, or 
 perform beyond another. 
 
 OU'TER, Adj that which is without, op- 
 pofcd to inner. 
 
 OU'TF.RLY, Adv. toward^ the oiitfide. 
 
 OU'TERMOST, Adj. (fuperl.tive of 
 outer] that which is at the gieatcft diftancc 
 from the middle. 
 
 To OUTfA'CE, V. A. to brave, or 
 
 OUT 
 
 b°ar dr>wn by a fhew of magnanimity or hn- 
 pudcnce ; to ftareout of countenance. 
 
 To OUTFLY', V. A. to leave behind ; 
 lo go beyond in flight. 
 
 OU i FO'RM, S. external appe; ranee. 
 
 To OUTFRO'VVN, V. A. to overbear by 
 frowns ; to frovn down. 
 
 ■fo OUTGO', V. A. fpreter outiucnt, par- 
 tic p!e but^-me'] to Ibrp Ts or excel ; to go be- 
 yond, or leave behind ; to over-reach. 
 
 To OUTGRO'W, V, A. to furpafs ia 
 grovvtli, or to grow too great or too large for 
 any thing. 
 
 OU T'GUARD, S. one potted at advance 
 from the main body as a aef.nce. 
 
 To OUTJE'ST, V. A. to furpafs in je fl- 
 ing. 
 
 To OUTKNA'VE, V. A. to furpafs in 
 knavery. 
 
 OU'TLANDISH, Adj. belonging to a 
 foreign country. 
 
 ;j o OU' YLhST, V. A. to exceed in du- 
 ration . 
 
 OUTLAW, S. {uthga, Sax.] one ex- 
 cluded from the benefit ot the law. 
 
 To OUTLAW, V. A. to deprive of the 
 benefits of tlie law. 
 
 OUTL.VARY, S. a decree by which any 
 perfon is deprived of the protc^ion of the 
 laws, and ci:t off from the commiinity. 
 
 To OU ; LE'Ar, V. A. to pals ia leap- 
 ing ; to fiart beyond. 
 
 OUfLE'AP, S. a fally; flight; or ef- 
 cape 
 
 OU'TLET, S. a pafTage outwards ; a paf- 
 fage by which any thing may go our. 
 
 OUTLINE, S. the contour, or line with 
 which any fi<;urcis bounded ; an extremity. 
 
 To CUlXrVE, V. A. to live longer ; 
 t© furvive. 
 
 OUTLI'VER, V. A. a furvivor, or one 
 that lives longer than another. 
 
 To OU TLO'OK, V. A. to face down } 
 to browbeat. 
 
 To OUTLU'STRE, V. A. to furpafs in 
 iuflre or brightnefs. 
 
 OUTLYING, Farticip. and Adj. not in 
 the common courfc j removed from fome« 
 thing eife. 
 
 To OUlMA'RCil, V.A. to leave beliind 
 in a march. 
 
 OUTMOT, Adj. atthegresteft diflance 
 from the middle. 
 
 To OUTNUMBER, V. A. to exceed in 
 number. 
 
 OUTf'A'RlSH, S. a parifh lying without 
 the walls. 
 
 OU I PA'RT, .S. a part remote from die 
 center or main body. 
 
 To OUTPA'SS, V. A. to leave behind in 
 walking or riding. 
 
 To OU'TPOUR, V. A. to fend out. 
 
 To OU'TPRIZh', V.A. to exceed in the 
 value fet upon it. 
 
 Yy T»
 
 O U T 
 
 To OU'TR AGE, V. A. [cv?.-rw, Fr.] 
 lo injure in a violent, ccntumelioii^, rou;:h, 
 or inhuman manner. Neuterly, tobe<;uilty 
 i>t-' excel les of tutlnilcnce and ir humanity. 
 
 OU'TR AGE, S. an open violfiice, or mii- 
 cicf'coirinirit-.l in a tumult j i coinmotion. 
 
 OUTRA'GIOUS, Adj. [outrageux, Fr.J 
 violent ; furious ; exceeding lealbn or de 
 cency ; enormous, or atrocious. 
 
 Ol'TRA'GIOUSLY, Adv. in a violent, 
 furioii';, c- boilferous manner. 
 
 OLTRA'GIOUSNESS, S, Any; violence; 
 raging diforder and inhumanity. 
 
 To OUTRE'ACH. V. A. to reach beyond. 
 
 To ObTRI'DE, V. A. to pais in riding. 
 
 OLTRI'GHT, Adv. immediately, or 
 viiboiit deljy ; entirely; completely. 
 
 To OUTROO'T, V. A. to r..ot out. 
 
 To OUTR.U'N, V. A. to leave behind in 
 running. Figuratively, to exceed. 
 
 To OUTSA'IL, V. A. to leave behind in 
 failing. 
 
 . To OUTSCO RN", V. A. to bear down 
 with fccrn ; to dllpife or ilighr. 
 
 To GUTSE'L, V. A. to fell for more 
 than anotlier; to gairt moie than the true 
 value. 
 
 ToOUTSHI'NE, V. A. toemltluOre; 
 ro excel in luflre. 
 
 To OUTSHOO'T, V. A. to exceed in 
 fhooting ; to Ihoot beyond. 
 
 OUT.>I'DE, S. the furface, or that part, 
 ■which is expofed to fight; the extreme part, 
 or that which is farthell from the middle ; 
 cxtcriid! ;;ppearance. The part not within 
 or Inclofed, oppofcd to in/iJe. 
 
 To OUTSI'T, V. A. to fit beyond the 
 time of any thing. 
 
 To OL'TSLF/tP, V. A. to deep beyon-l. 
 
 To OUTSPf-'AK, V. A. to Ipeak fome- 
 what beyond; to exceed. 
 
 To OUTSl^ORT, V. A. to fpriit beyond. 
 
 To OUTSfRE'AD, V. A, to extend, or 
 fpve.'d out. 
 
 To OUTSTA'ND, V. A. to fupport or 
 icfiit ; to (Vand beyond the proper tiwie. 
 
 To OUTSTA'RE, V. A. to vamjuini or 
 exceed in (taring. 
 
 OUTSTREE'T, S. a ftreet in tiie extre- 
 mities of the town. 
 
 To OLTSTRE'TCH, V. A. to extend 
 or fprciid out. 
 
 To OUTSTRIP, V. A. [derivedhy Skin- 
 ner from c:<f and //);;.'2:^"«, Tent, but John- 
 fon fugged."!, that it mlgiit have been origi- 
 nally o:/t-:r:f>, the s being afterwards infert- 
 cdj to go faflcr or beyond another. 
 
 To OUTSWEE'TtN, V. A. to excel in 
 Avertnefs. 
 
 To OUTSWEA'R, V, A. to overpower 
 hv fv.-e iring. 
 
 'Tv> OUT-TO'KGUE, V. A. to bear 
 rfo'vu !)V noifc. 
 
 To OJT-TA'LIv, V. A. to exceed in 
 larking. 
 
 O W N 
 
 to ft 
 
 To OUTVA'LUE, V. A. 
 
 value. 
 
 To OUTVE'NOM, V. A, to excel in 
 poifon. 
 
 To OUTVI'E, V. A. to exceed or fur- 
 pafs. 
 
 To OUTVI'LLAIN, V. A, to exceed in 
 villainy. 
 
 To OUTVO'lCi:, V. A. to exceed in 
 ftrength of voice or clamour. 
 
 To OUTVO'TE, V. A. to exceed in 
 number of ^'oters. 
 
 To OUTWA'LK, V. A. to walk faflcr 
 than another. 
 
 OUTW A'LL, S. tlje outward part orwall 
 of a building ; external appearance. " I am 
 " much more— than my cutivall." Skat. 
 
 OU'TWARD, Adj. f«.',r.WY/, Sax.] on 
 the I'urfjce ; expofed to the fight, oppofed to 
 inward. Foreign, oppofcd to inteftine. Tend* 
 ing to the oiitparts. 
 
 OI5T' WARD, S. external form or appear- 
 ance. 
 
 QU'TWARD, or OU'T WARDS, Adv. 
 to foreign parts. " Outivard bound." To 
 the outer parts. 
 
 OU'TWARDLY, Adv. externally, evi- 
 dently, oppofcd to inwardly. In appearance 
 only, oppofed to fnxerely. 
 
 To OUTVVEAr, V. A. to pafs tedioufiy, 
 applied to time. To la.^ longer. 
 
 To OUTWE'IGH, V A. to exceed in 
 weight, value, or importance. 
 
 To OU'T WIT, V A. to cheat or de- 
 cei /e with fupenor cunning. 
 
 OUTWO'RK, S. that part of a fortifica- 
 tloTi which is neareft the enemy. 
 
 OUTWO'RN, Pzrr.confumedordeftroy. 
 ed by ufe. 
 
 OUT WROU'GHT, Part, exceeded in ef- 
 ficacy or art. 
 
 To OUTWO'RTH, V. A. toexceedia 
 value. 
 
 To OWE, V. A. leg, ov, Ifl.y to be in- 
 debted, or obliged to pay ; to be obliged to a» 
 a caufe or benefador ; to derive ixom a 
 caufe. 
 
 O tVIMG, Part, following as a confequence; 
 due as a debt or duty ; imputable to as the 
 agent. 
 
 OWL, S. {uk. Sax. u^U. Dan. «/'»/?, Belg.] 
 a bird with a round head, largc'cyes, remark- 
 able for hiding itfelf all day, appearing at 
 night, and catching mice. 
 
 OXv'LET, S. [a diminiHlve of tw/j c 
 youag owl. 
 
 0\'i'N, S. S^agen, Sax. (?gcn, Belg a\r., Scot."] 
 thi-; word is generally added to tl-.c pronouns 
 pollrflive, rf>-, ih^, hh, Cir, yor^r, their, and 
 implies property. .Sometimes It implies ac- 
 tion, to diltinguifh it from that of any other, 
 and fometlmes is ufed by wp.y of bppofition, 
 for fomcthing peculiar tc» a f crfon. 
 
 To OWN, V. A. to acknowledge; to 
 coofcfs lo be one's property, or performed by 
 
 oiu ~
 
 O X F 
 
 O X F 
 
 one; to poflefs, claim, or hold by right, j Hen. VI I. Ti.CorpusChrifli.by R.Fox.bifliop 
 
 To confefs, oppofcd to deny. 
 
 OW'NriR, S. one to whom any thing be- 
 longs. 
 
 OWNERSHIP, S. property, lawful pof- 
 feffion. 
 
 UWRE, S. [u)-us, Lat.] a beafl named a 
 buffalo. 
 
 cfWinchtaer,Hcn.VilI. 13. ChriftChuich, 
 by Henry VIII. 14. Trinity, by Sir Tiiomas 
 Pope, queen Mary. 15. M John Baptift, 
 by Sir I homas v\ hite, mei chant of Londbn, 
 queen Mjry. j6. Jefus, by queen Llizabcth. 
 17. Wadham, by Nic and Dorothy Wad- 
 ham, James I. )S. Pembroke, by T ho- 
 
 OX, S. [formerly written cri:, plural tXf« j j mas 1 ifdale, E(q; and Dr VvMiitwi^k, Tames 
 
 oxa, Sax. oxe, Dan. and Ifl. cz, Belg.J the ge- 
 neral name for black cattle j properly a caf- 
 trated bull. 
 
 O'XFLY, S. a fly, fo called from its trou- 
 bling oxen. 
 
 O'XFORD, S. a city ofEnqhnd, and the 
 capital of the county of the i'a.n^e name. It 
 ftands on a fmall eminence on the banks of 
 the Ids, near its juncflioii with the Cliarwell, 
 snd enjoys a healtliy air. It is the fee of a 
 bifhop, with a celebrated univerfity; the 
 principal officers of which are, a chancellor 
 (alway a nobleman of the firft rank) and a 
 vice-chancellor, who is in orders, and the 
 head of fome college exercifing the chancellor's 
 power, and governing the ftudents aGcording 
 to the ftatutes, the conflitution of which is 
 remarkably regular, the difcipline ftri(rt, the 
 endowments liberal j and, in fliort, every 
 thing well adapted for the education of youth : 
 •fo that it is the principal feat of the mufes in 
 Great Britain. The private buildings here 
 are neat, and the public magnificent. 1 he 
 «ity, including the fuburbs, is of a circular 
 form, and about three miles in circuit ; con- 
 fiding chiefly of two principal flreets, which 
 crofs each other in the center of the town. 
 
 le greatefl trade of Oxford btfing in corn 
 
 I 19, VVorcellcr was formerly called Glou- 
 cefter-hall, till lately it was endowed by Sir 
 Thomas CoI<e,arid made collegiate. 20, liart- 
 ford, which was Hart hall till 1740, when it 
 was ere<ficd into a college. All tliefeare en- 
 dowed v.ith fcllowfliip!;, fchol irfhip.s, &c. and 
 mod of them enriched wiih libraries, and o- 
 thtr donations, and adorned with beautiful 
 chapels, gardens, gioves, cloilkrs, quadran- 
 gles, piazzas, Aatues, and other ornaments. 
 J he halls, where gentlemen live at their own 
 expence, except a few who have exhibitions or 
 penllcns, are, t'i%. St. Edmund, belongirg 
 to Queen's College ; Magdalen, to Magda- 
 len College i St. Alban's, to Merton ; St. 
 Mary's, to Oriel j and New" Inn, to New 
 College. Eefide-. thefe colleges and hnlls, 
 there are fchools, wherein exercifes for die 
 feveral degrees are performed, public le/lures 
 read, &c. i his is a rtate'.v pi'e, and was 
 tirft built by queen Mary j Inu the prefcnt 
 fahric was chiefly raifed by tlie contribution of 
 sir I homas Bcdey, whofe linrary here is fa- 
 mous throughout ail Europe for its number 
 of books, printed and manuicript. The num- 
 ber of iludeais is generally about three thou- 
 land, two thoufand.of whom live at their o ■ n 
 charges, and al;out one thoufand arc f.p- 
 
 and malt, and the Ifis being navigable from ported by the revenues of the different col- 
 
 hence to London, great quantities of thefe are 
 fent down the river to the metropolis, and re- 
 ceive in return coals, provifions, ^c Here it 
 the famous Bodleian library, in which are 
 manufcripts principally, all Dr. Ratclifi"'s 
 library, fefc. the Theatrum Sheldonianum 
 for public folemnities j the Clarendon print 
 ing-houfe ; the Arundelian marbles ; the 
 gallery for fine paintings; thirreen elegant 
 parifh chuiches, belides the cathedral of 
 Chrift-church college; and twcn;y colleges, 
 "vix, I. Univerfity College, founded by king 
 Alfred. 2. Balial, by Sir J. Baliol, father of 
 Baliol, king of the Scots, in the reign of 
 Henry III. 3. Merton, by lord chancellor 
 Merton, bilhop of Kochefler, Edward I. 4. 
 Orii-1, founded by Edwa^-d II. 5. Exeter, by 
 Walter Stapk-ton, bilhop of Exeter, Ed- 
 ward II. 6. Queen's by Rob. Eglesfield, R. 
 D. Edward III. 7. New College, by Wil- 
 liam of Wickham, Edward III. S. Lincoln, 
 by R-ichard Fleming, bilhop of Lincoln, Hen- 
 ry VI. 9. All Souls, by H. Chichelcy, ruch- 
 bilhop of Canteibury, Henry VI. 10. Mag- 
 dalen, by W. Vv'ainfleet, bifliop of Win- 
 clu-iler, Henry VI. 11. Brazen Nofe, by 
 £mi?h, bilhop of Lincoln, and R. Sutton, Ef^; 
 
 leges, belides the fervants belont:;ng to the. 
 colleges and halls, which have each their rules 
 and Itatutes for government under their re- 
 fpeftive heads, wiih fellows and tarors. 
 i here arc four terms in the year for public 
 exercifes, Iciflures, and difputations, and fet 
 days and hours when the proftflors of every 
 faculty read their lecftures, and in fome of the 
 colleges are public le^ures for all who chufe 
 to attend them, wiih proper falaries for th.e 
 readers. Belides the chancellor and vice- 
 chancellor already mentioned, there is, 1. A 
 high lleuard, named by the chancellor, and 
 approved by the univeifity. z. 1 wo pro^ors, 
 who are niafleis of arts, and choie yeaily 
 in turns out of the feveral colleges, to keep 
 the peace and ptniilh difordcrs ^. A public 
 orator, who h.Tjngues princes and other 
 great per/onages vifiting the univerfity. 4. 
 A keeper of the archives. 5. A regiller, who 
 records all tranfajflions relating to tho uni- 
 verfity. 6. Tiirce fquire beadles aud three 
 yeomen- be.~.dles, who attend the vice chan- 
 cellor in public. 7. A verger, wlio-, on fo- 
 emn occa'lons, walks with tlu- beaJles belore 
 the vice chaf!celk>r with a blvtr lod in his 
 hand. 1 his re.,y (crve for a fxiccindl view of 
 Y y a . tiis
 
 O Y S 
 
 the nniverfiiy ; for Ihould we defrribe the in- 
 rumerahle curiofities, fuch a detail would car- 
 ry us beyond tlie limits prefcrilitd in this work 
 The city is governed l*y a mayor, Ci^c but 
 fubje<ft to the chancellor or vice chancellor ot 
 the univcrfity in all affairs of crnfequencc, 
 even rtliting to the town ; here parlinments 
 have been frequently held ; and the city gave 
 title of earl to the family of tlie Veres for the 
 fpace of i;ooyea'.s; hut that family being long 
 Ilnce extindt, the little was conferred by queen 
 Anne, with the additional title of Mortimer, 
 on the famous treufurer Harley, in whofe col- 
 lateral dcfcendants it Hill continues. In a 
 ftately tower, in the front of the college gate, 
 hangs the great bell called 1 om, weighing 
 near 1 7,000 /ij. being above feven feet in ' 
 diameter, and near fix feet high. It is tolled , 
 every night to give warning for lliuftrng up ] 
 all the gates of the colleges. The univtrfity [ 
 fends two members to parliament, (a prr\ilege 
 given it, as alfa to Cambridge, by kir.g j 
 lames I.) tnd the city the like number 
 it lies fixty miles S. W. of Cambridge, and 
 fifty W. of London. 
 
 CXFORDSHIRE, S. is an inland coun- 
 ty, having Buckinghamfhkeon the E. GIou- 
 Ceder on the W Noriliamptonfh re on the 
 N. and M'^arwickfhire on the S. It is forty- 
 two miles long, and twenty- fix hroad, con- 
 taining 534,000 acres, 19,700 houfes, and 
 I20,oco inhabitants, and has one city, fifteen 
 market-towns, 280 parillies, and fourteen 
 hundreds. Its air is fweet and hcaltiiy ; and 
 though many parts produce corn, it abounds 
 mortty with meadows and paflures, and for- 
 rnerly the hills were well covered with woods; 
 but being cut down in the civil wars, fuel is 
 fi ce very fcarce. It fends nine members to 
 parliament, vis. two for the county, two for 
 the city, two for the univerfity, two for New 
 Woodflock, and one for Banbury. 
 
 O'XLIP, S. a flower, called likewifc a cow- 
 flio. 
 
 b'XSTALL, S. a ftand for oxen. 
 
 OXTO'NGUE, S. a plant. 
 
 O'XYCRATE. [from oju;, andxsjaoi, Gr.] 
 a mixture of water and vineg:ir. 
 
 CXYMEL, S. [from cjij, and y.fKi, Gr.] 
 a mixture of vinegar and lioney. 
 
 OXYMORON, S. [Gr.] a figure in rhe- 
 toric, in which an epithet of a co.itrary figni- 
 fication is added to a word i as ia " Pu'infid 
 •' pleafiire !" 
 
 GY'ER, S. [cycr^ old Fr. to hear] in Law, 
 heard : thus a court of cy^r and TcnrJKtr, is a 
 place where c^ufes are heard and dcterm'ncd. 
 
 O'YES, S. ^oyf, Fr. hear ye] a word ufed 
 and repeated three tin'es by a public cryer in a 
 court of judicc, and in delivering a prbchma- 
 tion, to demand filtnce. 
 
 OY'SFR, S. [oofire, Belg. Luitre, Fi-.] a 
 ftiell-fifli having two Ihclls. 
 
 OY'SIER WENCH, or OY'STERWO- 
 
 P A C 
 
 MAN, S. a woman who fells oyflers. FigvT<- 
 rativtly. a low, mean, and vulgar wuuiaa. 
 a'ZIER, S. SeeO/<?r. 
 
 P A C 
 
 A confonant ; the fifteenth leftei of 
 the Englilh alphabet.; founded by a 
 ^ flight comprelTion of the fore part of 
 the lips ; When it comes bc'oie an b it is 
 pronounced like an f, before t itisfomctimcs 
 mure, or not founded, as in accon:pt and re- 
 ceipt ; If wc trace it.^ form, it feems cither to 
 have been borrowed from the Hebrew p, 
 written forwards, after the European manner, 
 or elfe from t!ie Greek IT, written with tiie lall 
 leg fhort, as may be fccn on fome Roman mo- 
 numents, which in courfe of time was formed 
 round ; the Gothic charaflcr 11 rongly confirms 
 this conjeifhire. 1 lie Saxon capital is the iame 
 with that which v\eufc at prefent, Ufcd as a 
 numeral letter it flood for 100, but with «i 
 dalh on the top thus 1^ for 400,000. Amonj; 
 medical writers it (lands for pugil, or the 
 eigluh part of a handful. In Italian mufic it 
 (fanJ for^wwo, or foft, and fliows that the 
 force of the voice orinftrument is to be kUen- 
 ed. P P implies piu piana, more foft, and. 
 P P P pianifftmo, the fofteft pofTible. P. M. 
 in aflrono.ny, Hands for pajl tueiidear., or 
 afternoon. 
 
 PA'BULAR, Ad). [/.jWww, Lat.] afford- 
 ing aliment or tood. 
 
 PABULA'TIOM, S \ pabulum, Lar.| the 
 a<n of ((.eding or procuring provender. 
 
 PA'BULOUS, Adj. [pahdum, Lat.jafford- 
 ing aliment. 
 
 PA'BULUM, [Lat.j among phyficians^ 
 fignifies fuch parts of our common aliments as 
 are necelfary to recruit the animal fluids ; as 
 alfo any matter tliat continues the cauf; of a 
 difeafe. 
 
 PACA'TION. S. \facatio, Lat.j appeafing, 
 pacifying, or aflliaging. 
 
 PACE, S. [pos, Yx.pajfo, lul.pajus, Lat.] 
 a rtep or fingie motion of the foot in w aiking. 
 The gait or manner of walking. Degiee of 
 quicknefs : hence to keep face ivi:h, is to equal 
 a pcrfon in failnefs, either in walking, or 
 riding; or to keep up with. Aniealurcof 
 five feet. 
 
 To PACE, V. N. to move on flowly. Ta 
 move. Applied to horfes, to move by raifing 
 the t'ict on the fame fide together. -Actively, 
 to meafure by fleps. To dircifi or go. 
 
 PACE, Adj. having a particular gait or 
 manner of walking. 
 
 PA' ER, S. a horfe tiiat raifes the two 
 legs on the fame fide together, 
 
 PACIFICA'T10N,^S. [Fr.] the art cf 
 making peace. 'I he a(ft of appeafing. 
 
 PACIFIC.VTOR, S. [p.-.cjlccirrur, Fr.] 
 a peace maker. 
 
 PACi-
 
 PAD 
 
 ■PACIFICATORY, Adj. tending to make 
 p>.'ace. 
 
 PACI'FIC, Adj. [f,acl/;jite, Fi". fadficii!., 
 Lat.] mild ; innkinj; pcucc , gentle. 
 
 PA'CIFIER, S. une who appcufes or re- 
 conciles. 
 
 To FA'CIEY, V. A. \ pacifier, Fr. fadfio, 
 Lat. J to reconcile, appeafc, or quiet an angry 
 ferlon. 
 
 TAC K, S. [Dclg. and Tent ] a iirge bundle 
 of any thing prepared for carriage ; a burden 
 or load ; a certain number of lards, generally 
 51 J a number of hounds liunting together j 
 a number of perlbns united in fome bad de- 
 li^n J 3 great number or ^uintity. 
 
 To PACK, V. A. to bind up for carriage j 
 to dilpatch in hafle, ufcd \^ith ojf. 
 
 'lo PACK, V. N. to tie up go©d.<; ; to 
 remow in hafte j to aflociate in bad defigns. 
 
 P.VCKCLOTH, S. [p^cklei-d, Kelg J a 
 cloth in which goods are bundled or tied up. 
 
 I'A'CKLR, S. one that binds up goods for 
 carriage. 
 
 I'ACKET, S. \^pac<juet, Yr.pachetto, Ital.] 
 a fmall psck, bundl •, or mail of letters j a 
 vedcl that cariies a niail. 
 
 To PA'CKFT, V. A. to bind up in parcels. 
 
 PA'CKHORSE, S. a horfe cmplo)ed in 
 carrying burthens of goods. 
 
 P.i'CKSADDLE, S. a faddle on which 
 burJens are laid. 
 
 PA!CKTHREAD, S. flrongtlimiJ ufed In 
 packing or tying up parcels. 
 
 P.-^.'CKWaX, S. the flrong aponeurofisor 
 membrane on the lides of the neck. 
 
 i'ACT, S. [Fr. fuauniy Lat. J a coHtracft, 
 bargain, or covenant. 
 
 P ACTI'TIOUS, Adj. [paab, Lat.] fettled 
 upon condition. 
 
 PAD, S, [paad, Sax. w'htnct paath. Sax. 
 a path, pabdab, P^r. the feet j the road ; a 
 foot path ; an eafy paced horic ; a robber 
 .tliat iiifefts the ,road on foot ; a foft faddle, 
 probibly a faddle or bolfttr ftuffcd with firawj 
 a kind cf bollter made ufe of by crooked 
 people to conceal their deformity. 
 
 To PAD, V. N. to travel gently. To 
 rob on foot. To beat a way fmoath and level. 
 To conceal any dcforniity with a kind of a 
 bolRer. 
 
 PA'DDER, S. one that robs on fo«t. 
 
 To PA'DDLE, V. N. [/-^rw-'/Z/cr, Fr.] to 
 row ; to beat the water as witli oars ; to play 
 with, or in the water ; to finc^er. 
 
 PA'DDLE, S [pata/j a Ihort oar ufed by 
 a fingle rower in a boat ; anything broad 
 like an oar. 
 
 PA'DDLER, S. one that plays with water. 
 
 PA'DDOCK, S. [padj, Sax. paddc, B.lg.j 
 fl great frog, or toad . 
 
 PA'DDOCK, S. a fmall inclofure for deer, 
 corrupted from park, parrack, paddak. 
 
 PADELl'ON, S. \_pai de ikn, Fr. lion's 
 foot] an herb. 
 
 PA'PLOCK, S. liiom paddc, Eclg.J a 
 
 P A I 
 
 lock hungon a flaple tofaffen a door, box, C/c, 
 
 l'..^i'AN, 6. [from the Songs iuijg tn i':E'aa 
 or Apollo beginning with h I'uan^ a long of 
 triumph. 
 
 P.A'GAN, Adj. [piing.iKiJ!, Sax pagsms, 
 Lat. from pngus, Lat. a vi'luge, the vijluges 
 continuing Jiea"hens after the cities wti:e 
 Chriflian.sj idolatrous; hcathcmili. 
 
 Pa'GaN, S. an idoLitor. 
 
 PA'GANISM, [Fr.j tht religion of ido- 
 lators or lurathen.^. 
 
 PAGE, S. [Ft. pog.ra, Lat.] one fide of 
 the leaf of a book ; a young boy attending un 
 a great perlon, generally ufed as a train- 
 bearer. 
 
 To PAGF, V. A. to mark the pr.gcs of a 
 book with figures ; to attend as a page. 
 
 PA'GEANT, S. a (kttuein a puulit fliow; 
 any fhow or fpeftacle of entertainment. 
 
 PA'GEANT, .Ailj.lliewy, pompous, gaudy. 
 
 To PA'GEANT, V. A. to' exhiuit in 
 fhow ; to reprefcnt. 
 
 P A'GEANTR Y, S. pomp ; fhew ; often- 
 tatious and gauuy I'plendor. 
 
 PA'GINAL, Adj. [pagwa, Lat.] confin- 
 ing of pages. 
 
 PA'GOD, S. an IndL.n idol, or temple 
 of an idol. 
 
 PAID,, Pr.eter,and participle pad; vc of P^jy. 
 
 PAlLjS. [paila. Span.] a wooden \cllcl in 
 whidi milk or wata' is orried. 
 
 PAIN, S. [pein^, Fr pin, Sax. peiri, Tout. 
 £tom pai:a. Lat. qr p'vunn, Sax. topunilb] a 
 punilhmeiit threatened ; a feiifation of un- 
 ealinefs ; uneafinefs, applied tu the mind. 
 In the plural, bbo.ur ; talk j the throws of 
 child-biriji. ^ 
 
 To PAIN, V. A. to makeuncily. LTed 
 with the reciprocal pronoun, to labour iliard, 
 or to hurt in making an effort. 
 
 PA'INFUL, Adj mifcrable; afHicftive ; 
 c.ufing an uneafy fcnfation J difficult, or re- 
 quiring great labour. 
 
 FA'INFULLY, Adv. with great pain, af- 
 fiiclion, labour, or diligence. 
 
 PA'INFULNESS, S. the quality of excit- 
 ing an iineafy fcnfation ; grief. 
 
 Pa'INIM, S. [payen, Fr.j an infidel, pa- 
 gan, or idojator. 
 
 PA'INIM, Adj. iiiolatrou'. ; Iieathenifh. 
 
 P.'l'iNLESS, Adj. wiihoi.t any uneafy 
 fcnfation or trouble. 
 
 PAINSTA'KER, S. a b.boiious perfon. 
 
 PAINSTA'KING, Adj. la!)ouring hardly 
 and diligently. 
 
 To PAINT, V. h.[peliit,Yr. from pdndre^ 
 Fr. pini^o, Lat j to reprefcnt in colours; to 
 cover with colour,*. Figuratively, to deferibe, 
 to colour, or diverfify ; to lay colours on tlic 
 face. 
 
 PAINT, S. colouis made ufe of In repre- 
 fcnting likenefies. 
 
 PA'IM TFR, S. {fejnfre, Fr.j one who re- 
 prefcnt.'; things in colours. 
 
 PA'INTInG, S. the art of reprefcntins; 
 y y 3 things
 
 PAL 
 
 PAL 
 
 th'ncs In colours. A pi(flurei or rercmblancel iPALISA'DE, PALISADO, S. [paTifeii', 
 iormcJ with pnint. Fr- poUjado, Span] pales fet byway ot in- 
 
 PA'INIURE, S. [/.^Jwtrr, Fr.Jthcartof 
 fainting. " i^a;».';/rf near ac^joining." Diyd. 
 PAIR, S. [faire, Fr. par, Lat.] two things 
 fuiting one another. " A pjir of gloves." 
 A liian and wife. Two of a fort ; two fimi- 
 !ar p.ivtp joiHctl together, and conipofing one 
 thing. " A /a';V of l;e]lows.'' 
 
 To PAIR, V. N. to unite in couples. To 
 fuit, or refemi'le. 
 
 PA'LACE, S. {fa/a:s, Fr. p^-.Luiun, T^at ] 
 a hoafs; in which a king or fome grcit perfon 
 refides. A fpkndid houfe. 
 
 PALA'N(^IIN, S. a kind of covered car- 
 riage, iiicd i)y perfbns of dillinftion, and fup- 
 ported on ihc (boulders of flives in tlie tall. 
 PA'LAl .'.BLK, Adj agreeable to the tafle. 
 PA'LATE, S. [palatu!':,Lat ] the flelh that 
 qpmpofes the upper part of the roof of the 
 niouth. The organ of tade. 
 
 PAL.V TIC, Adj. belonging to the palate 
 or roof of the mouth. 
 
 PALATINE, S. [palailn, Fr. pulaiinus, 
 Lat.] one invefUd with royal rights and pri- 
 vileges. 
 
 P.'VLATINE, Adj. pofTtlTing royal privi- 
 leges. 
 
 PALE, Adj. [Fr fallidu!., Lat.] of a white 
 colour : Deprived cf its colour ; of a faint 
 luflre ; dim. 
 
 To P.-VL*^', V. A. to make whitifh or pale. 
 PALE, S. \ i-'f.ius, i at.] a narrow piece of 
 vood joined ahove ;-.nd btiovV to a crofs beam, 
 to inclofc grounds. Any indofure ordi(lri<!>. 
 )n heraldry, a flake placed upright from the 
 top of the chief to 'he point. 
 
 To PALE in, V. A. to inclofe with pales. 
 To cncompafs. 
 
 PA'LED, Adj. in Botany, applied to fuch 
 flowers as have leaves furrounding a head or 
 thrum ; as tie ni rygold. 
 
 PALE-KYED, Adj. having dim eyes. 
 P.^LE-F.-i^ED, Adj having the face whi- 
 tift), or Vidthout any c lour. 
 
 PA'LIilLY, Adv. wanly, or without rud- 
 dincfs, 
 
 PA'LENESS, S. want of colour. Want 
 cf liiftre. 
 
 PA'LENDAR , S. a coafting vefTcl. 
 PA'LKOUS, Adj. [j:/;/ra, Lat.] hufky, chaf- 
 fy'. " Pcilcnus bodies " Brcnun. 
 
 PALI'JSTRICAL, Adj. [fa'^JIrkiis,t7^t. 
 
 if;X.jc?;'f?>Gr.]of or belonging to wrellling. 
 
 PA'LETTE, S. [Fr.] alight board with 
 
 a hole tlirouuh v. hich the thumb pailes, nfcd 
 
 by a limner to place his colours on. 
 
 P.i'LFRY, S. \fa!,f'.y,Fx.palafrenc, 
 Itpul. falfi'-ai, Brit J a fiBail horfe, ufrd by 
 ladies. 
 
 PA'LIKOROME, S. ^ \vor?i or fentence 
 that reads the iame buckvvards or forwards, 
 
 as nuHiani. 
 
 P.VLirsODE, PALINCDY, S. a rccan- 
 t..tijn. 
 
 clofure, or defence. 
 
 PA'LISH, Adj. fomething pale or wan. 
 PALL, S. [pallium, Lat, palla, Lat.] a 
 cloak or mantle of ftate. A pontifical orna- 
 ment, mjde of white wool, Iborn honi two 
 lambs, offered by the nuns of St. Agnes, on 
 the day of her feaft. A covering of black vel- 
 vet, lumLtime? edged ^v l[!i uliite liik, tii-own 
 over a coffin, whe;; carried to the place of in- 
 terment. 
 
 '1 o PALL, V. A. to cover, hide, or con- 
 ceal. 
 
 To PALL, V N. [pallu, Brit, or from 
 pale] to grow vapid, or tallelefs. lo dmip, 
 or difpirit l"o impair or weaken. To cloy. 
 
 PA'LLET, S. [pa:lle,FT.'\ a fmall or mean 
 bed. 
 
 PALL-MALL, S. \f\ompUa, Lat. a ball, 
 and mallcui, Lat. a mallet j paillc, viaUle, Fr. 
 See Mall, and Mkll ' a play in which a, 
 ball is flruck through an iron ring v\ith a 
 mallet. 
 
 To PALLIATE, V. A. {paUl-.m, frotfx 
 paiiw, of poH'ium, Lat a cloak] to cloak, co- 
 ver, or extenuate any crime by excufes orfa- 
 voural)le reprtfentations. 
 
 PALLL-^' I ION, S. f Fr.] the aa of co- 
 vering or extenuating a crime. An imper- 
 fe<ft and tpmpotary cure. 
 
 PALLIATIVE, Adj. [palliatif, Fr] ex- 
 tenuating by cxcules and favoiirable reprefen- 
 tatio. -. 
 
 F A'LLIATIVE, S. fomething that extei|- 
 uates a crime or alliviatcs pain. 
 
 PALLID, Adj. \ paUidus, Lat.] pale; 
 wan ; not high coiourcd. 
 
 PALLl'OGY, S. [7ra>tv, andXsyft), Gr.] a 
 figure in rhetoric, in which the fame word is 
 repented 
 
 PALM, S. \palma, Lnt. pa/wier, Fr.] a 
 tree whofe branches are worn in token of vic- 
 tory. The hand fpread out, or the inlidc of 
 the hand. In meafure, three inclies. 
 
 To PALM, V. A. to conceal in the palm. 
 To impose on, ufed with //^c.«. I'p handle. 
 To ftroak with the hand. 
 
 PA'LMER., S. a pilgrim fo called from 
 the cuftom of bearing branches of palm, by 
 tliofe who had vifited the holy land. A crown 
 encircling a deer's head. 
 
 PA'LiVIER WORM, S. a worm covered 
 w ith hair, fu called from its relemlsling a pjj- 
 mer or pilgrmi in wjr.dering. 
 
 Pa'LMETTO, S. a kind of palm tree, 
 wi.h the leaves of which womens hats are 
 made. 
 
 PALMTFE'ROUS, Adj. [pa!ir:a, anifcro, 
 Lat.] bcari!ii_; primes. 
 
 PA'LMh-'EDK, Adj. [from fa!ft:a, and 
 pes, Lat. I web-footed ; having the toes joined 
 by a membrane. 
 
 PA'LMISTER, S [fee Palmistry] one 
 who profcfles palmiflry. 
 
 PAL-
 
 PAN 
 
 PA'LMISTRY, S. [pa/ma, Lat.] the art 
 • f telling fortunes by the lines of the paUi:. 
 
 PA'LMY, Adj. bearing palms. 
 
 PA LPA BI'LITY, S. [f;alpablc] the quality 
 of being perceiveable by the touch. 
 
 PA'LPABLE, Adj. jFr. /.^/^.r, Lat.] to 
 be perceived by the toucii. Grofs ; coarfe ; 
 cufily dctecfted ^ plain or eafily perceived. 
 
 FA'LPABL} NESS, S. the quaiity of be- 
 ing perceived by the touch. Grcliheis, plain- 
 nefs. The quality of being fo plain, as al- 
 most to be telt. 
 
 PALPABLY, Adv. in fiich a manner as 
 to be perceived by the touch. So grofs or 
 plain, as almoft to be felt. 
 
 PALPA'TION, S. [falpatb,palpor,'L^t.] 
 to beat as the heart ; to flutter. 
 
 To PA'LPITATE, V. A. [palpkatus, 
 from falpho, Lat.] to beat like the heart j to 
 flutter. 
 
 PALPITA'TION, S. [Fr.J thelncrcafed 
 and fenfible motion of the h^art, occafioned 
 by fright or dilbrdcr. 
 
 PA'LSGRAVE, S. {palt_fgm-ve, Belg.pahf- 
 graff, leut. J a count or eai I who has the fu- 
 pcriiuendance of a prii:ce's palace. 
 
 PAN 
 
 PANACF/A, S. an herb, 
 
 PAN'CAKE, S. a kind of cake made in a- 
 frying-pan. 
 
 PANA'DO, S. [panadc^Yr. par.ada, Ital. 
 from panh, Lat. bread] food mad:: by boiling 
 bread till iris in a manner diflolvcd in ^vater. 
 
 PANCRA'TICAL, Adj. very fliong, or 
 excelling in all the gymnaflic exercifes ; ai- 
 mightv, all-po\verf\iL 
 
 PA.MCHRE'STA, S. [Wjocfra.Gr.] me- 
 dicines that are efficacious in all difcafes. 
 
 PA'NCREAS, S. the part called the fwect- 
 bread j a conglomemte ^land, fituated be- 
 tween the bottom ot the llomach and the 
 vertebrjc of the loins, and affording a juice of 
 great fcrvice in aililUng digeflion. 
 
 FANCREA'TIC, Adj. belonging to the 
 pancreas. 
 
 PA'NCY, or PA'NSY, S. [perhaps cor- 
 rupted Fioanpanacey, of pi:narea, Lat.] a flower 
 <.f the violet kind. 
 
 PA'NDECT, S. a treatife tint compre- 
 hends the whole of any fcience. A diged of 
 the civil Iivv. 
 
 PANDE'MICK, Adj. [way and JV-o;, Gr.] 
 incider.t to a whole people. 
 
 PA.'NUtR, S. [from r^r^^rttj, the pimp 
 
 PA'LSIED, Adj. [jCrtZ/yj afflicted with the in the flory of T; c;7/.i and Cr^^W./, and fhould 
 palfy. therefore be written Pai:da>\ a pimp, or man 
 
 PA'l.SY, S. [paralyf.s, Lat. from whence that procures profHfutes lor another. 
 paralafy , pahijy , and /.aZ/j"] a dileafe, wherein | To PA'NDER, V. A. to pimp. To be 
 the body or fome of its parts lofe their mo- | fubfervient to hift or paflion. 
 tion, and fomctimes their fenfation. P.^'NDERLY, Adj. pimping; rcfembling 
 
 1 o i'A'LTER, V. N. [t\om palircn, Fr.J ' pimps ; mean, 
 to prevaricate ; to Ihift or dodge. PANDICULA'TION, S. \ pandkmans. 
 
 To Palter, v. a. to fqmnder, to Lat.] the reftlefihefs, ftretching and uneafi- 
 trifle j nefs, ufually attending the cold fits of an in - 
 
 P.A'LTERER, S. an infincer* dealer or, termitting fever. 
 
 Ihift 
 
 P.iLTRINESS, S. meannefs. 
 
 PA'LTR Y, Adj. [paltron, Fr. a fcoundrel, 
 pultrccci2, Ital. a mean proflitute, ^^/Vorc, Ital. 
 a cheat] forry ; worthlcfs ; contemptible ; 
 mean. 
 
 FALUDAMENT, S. [pahidameTitum^Lat.] 
 a<o3t armour ; an herald's coat. 
 
 PA'LY, Adj. of a whitifh hue, deprived of 
 icdnefs. Ufcd only in poetry. 
 
 PA'NE, S. [panean, Fr.] a fquare piece of 
 glafs. 
 
 PANEGY'RIC, S. [penegyrique, Fr.] an 
 elogy, or piece writtsn in praife of a perfon or 
 thing. 
 
 PANEGY'RIC, PANEGY'RICAL, Adj. 
 praifmg ; in the nature of a panegyric. 
 
 PANEGY'RIST, S. [par.egyr'^e, Fr.J one 
 that writes praife. 
 
 PA'NEL, S. fa diminutive of paneau, Fr.J 
 
 PAM', S. [perhaps from ^a/wa, Lat. vie-: a fqnare, or piece of any matter inferred- a- 
 
 tory, as trump is from triiin:p/J] the knave of 
 tiubs. 
 
 To PA'MPER, V. A. [pi^nderare, Ital.] 
 to fill with food, or feed luxurioufly. 
 
 PA'MPHLET, S. [written by Caxton 
 pannjkt, fiom par iin fdct, Fr. by a thread] 
 a fmall book not bound. 
 
 To PAMPHLET, V. A. to write fmall 
 books or pamphlets. 
 
 PAN, S. [ponne, panne, %&■&. patinie, Dan. 
 panne, Belg. pfann, Teut.] an earthen veflel 
 broad and hollow. The part of a gun lock 
 that jioldsthe powder. Any hollow or cavity. 
 " The brain /-un." The god of fhcpherds. 
 
 PANACEA, S. \panacce, Fr, TT^iiiKua, 
 Gr,J an imiyerfal medicine. 
 
 mong others. A fquare piece in a wain- 
 fcot. 
 
 PANG, S. [fiom pein, Fr. pain, OT /ar.^, 
 Belg. j excellive pain : A fudden and vehe- 
 ment pain or torture. 
 
 To PANG, V. A. to torment cruelly. 
 
 PA'NIC, Adj. [from P..77. who is fup- 
 poftrd to occafion groundlefs fear] violent 
 without reafon, applied to fear. 
 
 PA'NNADF, S. the curvetting,or prancing 
 of a high-bi-cd horfe. 
 
 PA'NNEL, S [piinni-el, Edg. panneati, Fr.] 
 a kind of clumfy faddle. In law, it fignifies, 
 the paper with the names of the jurors re- 
 turnetl by the (heriffj and in falconry, tlic 
 ftomach of a hawk. 
 
 y y 4 PA'lN^NjG
 
 PA P 
 
 PA'NNrC, PA'NNICLE, S. a i;bnt of the 
 millet kind. 
 
 PA'N'NIER, S.\par.kr, Fr.] a bifliet, or 
 wicker vt(7t! hun;T;on the llJe of a horfe. 
 
 PA'NOPLY, S. complete armour. 
 
 PA'NSY, S. a flower. 
 
 To PANT, V. N. [par.t^Ur, o\i Fr.] to 
 fetch the breath fhort, when fri^hf-ned, or 
 out «f breath. To play with inttrmiflion, ap 
 plisd to the wind. To wifh or Icng for. 
 
 P.A.NT, S. the motion of the heart. 
 
 I'AKTALOON, S.r;;(ZK.',;./,;r, Fr.l a man's 
 gaimant, in which the bieechesandflockings 
 ai-e all of a piece. Hanmtr. 
 
 FAN'TESS, S. Ipantotmcnt, Fr.] the dif 
 ficulry of breathing in a hawk. 
 
 PAN THEOL'OGY, S. I -n-xy^icXoy^a, Gr.] 
 the whole fiim or body of divinity- 
 
 PAN'TKI'ON, S. f^«v5£i5v, Gr.] a Tem- 
 ple at Rome dedic<:tsd to all the Gods. 
 
 PA'NTHER, S. \pu>:!bcra, L.it. panthere, 
 Fr.J a large fpotttd wild be^ii, f caret ever 
 tamed. 
 
 PA'NTILE, S. a sijtter tile. 
 
 PA'MTIN'GLY, Aiv. with a palpitation , 
 breathing fhort. 
 
 PA'NTLER, S. f/xiw/Vr, Fr.] a perfon, 
 who keeps the bread in ^ great family. 
 
 PA'NIOJ-LE, S. [panM'ff.:, Sux.. fei:to- 
 fula, Itiil.] a flipper. ' 
 
 PA'NTOMIME, S. one who can esprefs 
 his meatiing by a(f^ions. A fare.-, which con- 
 fifls entirely in geflure and dumb (hew. 
 
 PA'NTO.^^, S. a Ihoe made to recover a 
 narrow imd hide-bound htel. 
 
 PA'NTRY, S. \par.ctrk, Fr.] the room 
 in which victuals or pans are kept. 
 
 PAP, S. Ipapi, Ital. p.-ifpc, Belg. pap\lh. 
 
 PAP 
 
 PA'PILl.O, S. \ Lat. papV.hn, Fr.] a moth 
 
 of various colours, by fomt calK-da butterjly. 
 
 I'ATILION.A, 'CECIL'S, Adj. in botany, 
 
 applied to fuch flov.ers as repreftnt a butiu- 
 
 fiy. with its wings expanded. 
 
 PA'PILLARY, P.VPILLOUS. Adj {pa- 
 p'dla, Lrtt.J having cmulgent vtficis lefcm- 
 bling pjps. 
 
 P.VlMST.S ^payfie, Fr.] one that adlieris 
 to thee, mmunion of ihepopeand the chuich 
 of Rome. 
 
 PAPI'STICAL, Adj. popilh: Adhering 
 to the pope. 
 
 PATISTRE, S. popery : Tl.e doaiineof 
 the church of Korr e. 
 
 PA'Pi'OUS, h6). {pnpp'ijui, Lat.] in bo- 
 tany, coveted with a light thin down. 
 
 PA'l'PY, Adj. foft i juicy : Kafily divided. 
 PAl'ULOSl'TY, liopuUf.taiX-^t.'l fulnefs 
 of Lliflers or pimples 
 
 PAR, S. [Lat.j the ftatc of equality or 
 ci^ujI vahif. 
 
 PA'RABLE, S. [pjraMa, Lat.] a fable 
 or (tory made ufe of to convey fome impor- 
 tant tuith, and originally borrowed from the 
 hieroglyphic <. h.ii aiflers. 
 
 PARABOL.'^, S. fLat.] i:i geometry, a 
 conic fcdtion aiiling from a cone's being cut 
 by a pl'.ne paralLl to one of its fides. 
 
 PAR i'BOLIC, PARaBO'LICAL, Adj. 
 [parahoH^ue, Fr.J expredcd in pjrables or by 
 a fimiiitude. In g'.ometry, having the form 
 or properties of a parabola. 
 
 PARABO'LICALLY, Adv. by way of 
 parable, or fimiiitude. \n the form of i pa- 
 rjbf.la 
 
 PARA'CENTEsI.S, f«■apttx£'^T^^-.f, Gr.] 
 heopeiation, wheieby any of tlic venters are 
 
 Lat.j the nipple of a breift. Pood made ' perfoia:ed to difch-irgc any matter i as in the 
 
 for infants of bread boiled in milk or viater, Dropfy. 
 
 ■the pulp of fruit. PARACF'NTRICP.JVR ACE'NTRICAL, 
 
 ■ PA'P.A., S. \pafa, Lat.] a name of fond- Adj. deviating from the center, 
 nefs ufed by a child to its f.ither. PARACHK < )'N1SM, S. an error in chro- 
 
 FA'PACY, S. \pjpa, Fr. fiom papa, Lat. 
 a pope 1 the office or di.^nity of a pope. 
 . PA'P.^L, Adj. [Fr.J belonging to the 
 pope. 
 
 PAPA'VEROUS, AJj. [pjpat-erous, from 
 papa-jcr, Lat.j belonging to, or refembling 
 poppie?. 
 
 PA'PER, S. [ptjp'ur, Fr. p.fpyt-us, Lat. the 
 
 nology; a milLking the time of any incident 
 or event in hilhiry. 
 
 PARACLF.'TE, S. fwapaxX«V. Gr.] an 
 Advocate, or Comforter. Generally applied 
 to the third perfon in the Koly Trinity. 
 
 PARA'DE, S. [Fr.J anoftentatiousftiow 
 or difplay. Military order. A place where 
 troops are drawn up in battle airay. A guard. 
 
 jeed of the Nile, on which they wrote before ! or a poll ure of defence. 
 
 the invention of paper] a fublhmcc on whith 
 ■we write or print, made of linen rags ground, 
 macerated in waterj and formed into thin 
 Iheets by mejns of a ficve. A piece of paper. 
 A finglc Cf.cct printed or written, ufually ap- 
 plied to jou.nals, or ellays publhhed in lin- 
 j;lc fhects. 
 
 PA'PER, Adj. any thing flight or thin ; 
 made of paper. 
 
 To PA'PER, V. A. to cover or wrap in 
 paper. To re^i iTer. 
 
 PA'PESCENT, Adj. tending towards; cr 
 Kfcmbhng pap. 
 
 PA'RADIGM, S. [Gr.] an example, or 
 table. 
 
 PARADTSIA'CAL, Adj. [paraJife] fuit- 
 ing, refembling, or forming paradife. 
 
 PA'RADfSE, S. the garden of hlifs in 
 which our firft parents were placed. Any 
 place which affords excjuifite pleafurc or hap- 
 pmefs. 
 
 PA'RADOX, S. a tenet contrary to a 
 received opinion, and which at firft appears 
 abfurd. 
 
 PARADO'XICAL, Adj. of the nature of 
 a parado:^. 
 
 3 PARA-
 
 PAR 
 
 ?\RADO'XICALLY, Adv. aftci- the 
 manner of a parai'ox. 
 
 PAKAOOXO'LOGY, S. [from rrx.ui.^o;, 
 and "Kc-yM, Gr.] fpeaking in paradoxes. 
 
 PAR.-tNE'SIS, S (7r«fn'E3-ic, Gr.J ad- 
 nnonition ; pncept, or inltruction. 
 
 PARAGO'GK, S I Fr J a figure wherehya 
 
 fjlljble or letter is added to the end of a word 
 
 PA'RAGON, S. [ Fr ] from />rf/flp-f , old 
 
 it. paragone, Ifal.J a model ; fomething Ai- 
 
 peiL.tive excellent 
 
 'Jo PA'RAGON, V. A. to compare ; to 
 Cvjua!. 
 
 PA'RAGRAPH, S. fFr.] a diftinft part 
 of a difcoiirfe. In printing, a mark, ufed to 
 fi^nii'y the begnning ot Ibme other fn['<jcft, 
 and formed thus f\. 
 
 PARAGRA'I'HICALLY, Adv. with dif- 
 tinft breaks or fentences. 
 
 PARALIP'. IS, S. [TTi^a-Kuli^, Gr.j a 
 figure in rheturic, v. herein that thing is let 
 pals, which nevcrthclefs is intended to be 
 infifted on at iarue. 
 
 PARALLA'TIC, PARALLATJCAL, 
 Adj. belonging to a par-llix. 
 
 Prt'RALJ.AX, S. the diltance between the 
 true and apparent place of the f;m, or any lUr 
 vie veJ from the furface of the earth. 
 
 PA'RALL'-iL, Adj. extended in the fame 
 direction, obfcrving always the fimedire^ion, 
 cljfcrving always the fame difbnce. Having 
 the f.ime tendein y, continuing the refcm 
 blance through fcveral particulara : i ike. 
 
 PA RALLELS, S. lines continuing their 
 courfe, and equally diftant from each orher. 
 Lines on the glolie, wliich diftinguilh the la- 
 titude. Dire(flion conformable to that of ano- 
 ther line. Refemblance; likenefs A com- 
 ^uriiba. Any thing refeir.bling another. 
 
 To PA'RALLEt, V. A. to place (o as to 
 keep the fame diiedion with, orlieat thefjme 
 jdirtancefrom another line. Toconefpond to. 
 To compare. 1 o bear refembhncc to. 
 
 PARALLELISM, S. the Hate of being 
 parallel. 
 
 ■ PARALE'LLOGRAM, S. [Fr.] in geo. 
 metry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whoic 
 pppolite fides are parallel and equal. 
 
 PARALLELOGRA'MICAL, Adj. hav- 
 ing the properties of a parallelogram. 
 
 PARALLELOPl'PED, .S. a folid figure 
 contained under fix parailelograms,whofe op- 
 pofite fides are equal and parallel. 
 
 PARA'LOGISM, S. a falfe argument. 
 PA'KALOGY, S. a falfe reafonin*'. 
 PaRALY'SIS, S. the palfy. 
 PARALY'TIC, PARALY'TICAL, Adj. 
 affeOed with the palfy. 
 
 PARA'METER, S. a con ftant right line 
 in each of the three conic fciHions, called 
 iikewife the lait/i reanm. 
 
 PARAMOU'NT. Adj. {faramor.t,o\^ Fr. 
 or oipaia and n.cntar, Span. | having the chief 
 pr highefl aiitho'ity. Kminent or of the 
 ^i^liefl order. 
 
 PAR 
 
 PARAMOU'NT, S the chief. 
 I'A'RAMOUR, S. \ixom par, Fr. by, 
 and at) our, Fr, iovej a lover. A miflrcfs. 
 
 PARANY'MPHK, S. Iparanympk,:, Fr,] 
 a bridtman. One that countenances or lup- 
 porrs arn.iher. 
 
 PARAPE'GM, S. .1 brazen table fixed to 
 a pillar, vn which laws and pM clamations, 
 the rifing and Ictnny of Hars, and other alfra- 
 norTiical obfcrvations were formerly engraven 
 or delineated. 
 
 Pa'RAPET, S. fFr. pamutto, Jtal.J a 
 wall in a fortification Lrealt hi;'h. 
 
 PARAPKIMO'SIS, S, a clifeafe wherein 
 the prepuce cannot be drawn over the glaiis. 
 PAMPhlE'KNA'LJA, :i. [Lat.J goods ia 
 the wife's difpofal. 
 
 P.VR A PHRA5E,«. a loofi interpretation, 
 wherein regard is Lad only to an .lUthor's 
 meaning, not to his words. 
 
 To PA'RAPHiiAhK, V. A, to tranflate 
 ia a free manner, fo as only to give the icnle 
 of a paiiage, but iiot th^ literal nieaiiing of 
 every word. 
 
 l^A'KAPHRAST, S. {mo^^^^xchc, Gr.] 
 a lax interpreter; one who eX|oijiids in niitny 
 words. 
 
 PARAPHRA'STJC, PARAPHRA'STI- 
 ChL, Adj. explained in:i free trlcofe manner. 
 PARAPHRENl'TIS,- S. \-na,a, and>^j^ l- 
 ■"fj^^r] amadncfs actompanicd wixh a conti- 
 nual fever . an inflammation otlhediapliragm. 
 PARAPLEGl'A, S. [Gr. j a paiiy which 
 fcizes all parrs of the brdy below the htnd. 
 
 PARAjA'NG, S. a Pcrfian med'ure of 
 length 
 
 PARASIO'PE^IS, S. [Gr.j a figure in 
 rhetc-ric, which fignifics keeping filcnce. 
 
 PARa.SI'TIC," PaRASinjCAL, Adj, 
 ^tarnfitiquc, Fr.j flattering or wheedling. 
 
 PA'RASOL, S. |lr.j a Iniall canopy or 
 umbrella ufed to defend the head from rain 
 or the heat of the fun. 
 
 PARAS\'NAXIS,S.[Gr]aconventicl(r. 
 PARATHESIS, S. [Gr. I a figure in 
 grammar, where two or more fubfbrtives ait 
 put in the fime cafe. In rhetoric, a fmall 
 hint ot a thing. In printing, the matter con- 
 tained within two crotchets, marked thus [1. 
 lo PA'RBOIL, V. A. \ pourbaihUr, Fr. 
 or iiom part ho]I\ to half boil. 
 
 To I'A'KBRE.A.K, V. N. to vomit. 
 PA'RCEL, .S. {parcelk, Fr.] a f.,iu]l bun- 
 dle. A, part taken feparately. A qnantity 
 or mafs. A number of perlbns or things, 
 ufed in contempt. 
 
 PA'RCEL, V. .A. to divide into fcparate 
 portions. To make up into a lum. 
 
 PA'RCENER, S. in law, cpplitd to a 
 man's fillers or daughters who become ponef- 
 fed as joint tenant.^ or co-heirs of a man's e- 
 ftate, by his dyini; without ifluc male. 
 
 To PARCH, V A. to fcorch, or hiirii 
 flightly. lodryup, Ncuierly, to be Iccn di- 
 ed or d.'ied. 
 
 PAR-
 
 P A R 
 
 PA'RCHMENT, S. \pardcmn, Fr. pa-- 
 ^amcr.a, Lat. becaufe iiiventcd by Eumencs 
 at PeroamujJ fheep (kins drelTcd and fit for 
 writing. 
 
 PA'RCITY, S. liard-.at. Lit ] frugality; I 
 fparingiKfs. 1 
 
 PARD, PA'RDALE, S. \pardui, Lat.j 
 fardahi, Lat.] the leopard. In Poetry, any ' 
 ipotted besfl-. ' I 
 
 To PA'RDON, V. A. Ipardtntcr, Fr. far- \ 
 donare, Ital.] to excufe anoflender, forgive a; 
 frime, er.rerr.it a penalty. Pardon tiic, is a ' 
 phrafe of civil dcni;.l or flight apology. 
 
 PA'RDON, S. [Fr.l the aO of forgiving I 
 an offender a crime, or of remitting a ptnalty. 
 PA'RDONABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 forgiven. 
 
 PA'RDONABLENESS, S. the quality of 
 being pofiiible to be forgiven. 
 
 PA'RDONABL . , Adv. in fuch a manner 
 ss may be forgiven. 
 
 PA'RDONER, S. one who forgives ano- 
 ther. 
 
 To PARE, V. A. [porldan, Ferf. to cut] 
 to cut CiT" the outward coat cr furface; to cut 
 offextremiiies by little and little. 
 
 PAREG'BASIS, S.. [Gr.] a figure in 
 rhctoiic, where the principal fubjeft is de- 
 parted from. 
 
 PAREGO'RICK, Adj. iTrair.yopiHo;, Gr.] 
 liiving the power, in Rledicine, to comfort, 
 moUity, or ailua^e. 
 
 PARE'NCHYMA, S. [irar-yxvH-'; Gr.] 
 a fpongy or porous fubflance ; a part through 
 which (he blood is ftrained. 
 
 PA'RENT, S. [Fr.farer.s, Lat.] a father 
 or mother. 
 
 PA'RENTAGE, S. extradion ; birth ; 
 eoudition with lefpeft to the rank of one's 
 parents. 
 
 PARE'NTAL, Adj. becoming or belong- 
 ing to parents. 
 
 PAKENTA'TION, S. rfrom/>d;vr-o,Lat.] 
 fomething dune or faid in honour of the 
 dead 
 
 PARE'NTHESIS, S. [Gr.] in Grammar, 
 a fentence, which may be left out without 
 ff oiliniT the fenfe of the period; in I'riraing, 
 marked thus ( ). 
 
 PARE'NTICIDE, S. {parens and cada, 
 Lat.] the killing a father or motlier. 
 
 PA'RERGY, S. [TT^-fx and ipyov, Gr.] 
 fomt thing iinimport.int, or done hy the bye. 
 PA'RGET, s. plainer hid on the roofs or 
 cielingof a loom. 
 
 To P.VR G ET, V. A. to cover with plhifler 
 PARHELION, S. [jra^^ and rx,:-, Gr.J 
 a mock fin. 
 
 P.-\RrET.AL, Adj. [from pcries, Lat a 
 wai'ij roiiOifuting the fides or walls. 
 
 PA'Rfi\G,. .S. the rind, or that which is 
 p^red ofTar^y thing. 
 
 PA'RIS, fin Lat. Lutct'u, Parifiorum, or 
 Pc.rijihin'j a city iu ilic middle of the govern- 
 
 PAR 
 
 ment of the iflc of France, both its capital, 
 and alfo that of the whole kingdom. It lies 
 in a fpacious plain on the Seine, 'i his is a very 
 large, populous, and (lately city, built of a 
 circular foim, about two French leagues in 
 di.inicter, and fix in circuit, including the 
 fuburbs. It is reckoned to contain 912 flrcets, 
 great and fmall, and upwards of ac. 000 houfes, 
 btlides religious (Irudures, colleges, halls, and 
 fliops ; has 52 parilhes, 56 monafleries inha- 
 bited by friars, 78 by nuns, 14,000 coaches, 
 and about +co,oco inhabitants; thefcconfume ^ 
 aninially aiiovc i:,o,oco muids of corn, each 
 muid 26CO pounds weight ; i40,oco oxen or 
 cows, 550,000 Ihecp, 1 21;, 000 calves, and 
 4c ,cco hogs ; 3 3o,coo muids of wine, each 
 equivalent to 300 of our quarts, befides bran- 
 dy, beer, and cyder. Though Paris (lands on 
 more ground than London, which may be 
 much doubted fincc the great increafe of new 
 buildings in the latter, it is not fo populous, 
 London exceeding it by at lead 200,000 fouls. 
 The houfcs of Paris are built of white bewn- 
 (tonc, and unif':rm j the (t'cets are of » com- 
 petent breadth, the foil of which is conveyed 
 into a canal, and waflied down by means of a 
 large body of water conveyed from a neighs 
 bouring fountain. As almofl every Fiench 
 nobleman has a palace, or hotel as they call it, 
 in this city, with courts and gardens belong- 
 ing to it, in tills refpe^ Paris furpafits any 
 thing of that kind to be met with in London. 
 The Louvre, the Tuilleries, and other royal 
 palaces here, are indeed large and fpacious, 
 but old and decayed buildings P^ris has three 
 capital divifioBS, namely, i . The town, which 
 Hes to the N. of the Seine ; 2. The city, 
 which is entirely furrounded by the river, be- 
 ing in the center of all, is called L'Ifle du Pa- 
 lais, i. e. the illand of the palace, as the royal 
 palace takes up great part of it; and, 3. The 
 univerfity, which lies to the S, of the Seine, 
 together \\ith twelve fuburbs The whole is 
 further fubdivided into twenty quartiers or 
 wards. Paiis is the fee of an archbifhop, the 
 feit of the principal part of the kingdom, and 
 other chief courts. Here is an univerfity and 
 fitty-four colleges, but in only t^n of ihefeare 
 publx exercifes performed. The Sorbonne is 
 one of the fined colleges in Europe, and for- 
 merly very famous, by which name the v. liole 
 univerfity is tVequently fignified ; but it is at 
 prelcnt vcrv much on the decline, on account 
 of its civil jiitifdi^ion, and the other privi- 
 leges it formtrly enjoyeJ, being taken fi'om it. 
 ; ef;Jes the royul academy of fciences, of much 
 the fame nature as our Royal Society, here 
 is an academy for refining the French lan- 
 ouage ; alio ac'ademies of painting, fculpture, 
 2nd ;nchitc(flure, with many others for the 
 improvemmt of all mtehanic arts and manu- 
 factures, as tapeOry, mofaic works in plate, 
 ' iron, (leel, brafs, embroidery, &c. The prin- 
 cipal manufaftures in Parts are gold and filvcr 
 
 ftufls,
 
 PAR 
 
 fluffs, alfo lace of tlie fame materials, tapef- j 
 try, ribbans, linen, and glafs. The moft con- 
 fiierabie palaces in Paris ire the Louvre, be- 
 hind which is the Tuillerits ; beyond that is 
 9 fine walk called the Queen's walk, or La 
 Cours de la Reine ; the palace of Orleans or 
 Luxemburg, tlie royal palace, with a palace 
 where the parliament meets. Befidcs thefe, 
 there is the Buflile, a p ifon for ftate pri- 
 foncrs, and fuch as are taken up by lettres- 
 de- cachet; the arfenal ; the King's libra- 
 ry J the royal phyfic gardens; the royal ob- 
 ftrvatory ; tiie j^otielins for all forts of manu- 
 facluies , and the town-houJe, in the f^uare, 
 callea the Grcvc- Its principal churches are, 
 the cathedral of Notre Damc^ St. Genevieve, 
 the dbbey of .St. Germain, witli the church 
 and nunnery ot Val-de-Grace, &c. Thefird 
 magiftrate of Paris is called Prevot des mer- 
 chjnds, or the provoft: of the merchants. In 
 Paris are ten bridges, the three moll c nfide- 
 rable of which arc the Pont-au-Change, the 
 Pont-neuf, and the Pont royal. On both 
 fides of the Seine are very fine quays in fcve- 
 ral places : and in this city are upwards of 
 twenty hofpitals, ot wiiich the florel Dieu is 
 the Ijrgefl, &c. In the f^uare called La I'hce 
 des Vidoires, is a noble (tatue of Lewis XIV. 
 but very much degraded by ftatleiing infcrip- 
 tions,andthe mean p»ote(lations,&c. ufed for- 
 merly, even to a degree of adoration, by the 
 Duke de la Feuilladc, who erected it. In the 
 neighbourhood are the palaces of Verl jilks, 
 Trianon, Marli, St. Germain en Laye, &c. 
 ^c; " Paris, fays Btfchin, is the center of 
 all good tafte and recre;Uion." But vanity und 
 pieafure, the other part of its charaOer, reign- 
 ing here i ' a fuperlativt degree, does not feem 
 to entitle them to any great (hare pf the toi- 
 mer. It lieszco miles S. E. of London, 550 
 \V. of Vienna, 6Vio N. E. of Madrid, 700 
 N. W. of Rome, and 1 300 in the fame di- 
 rection from Conftantinople Lat. 48 deg 
 50 min. N. long. 2 de;^. zc min. E. 
 
 PARISH, S. [/fl^oi/l-, Fr.J a diftnrt be- 
 Jonging to the fame church, and under the 
 ^are of the fame pried. 
 
 PA'RISH, Adj. belonging to, or having the 
 care of, the pariih; maintained by thcparilh. 
 
 PARISHPONER, S. [fi>,oiJ.cr,.fr.i\oTr\ 
 tarijh} oae that belongs to, or is an inhabi- 
 tant of a parifh. 
 
 PARISYLLA'BICAL, .S. in giammarfig- 
 pifies having an equal number of fyllables. 
 
 PA'RlTOk, S \cpfarit6r^ a beadle, or 
 one that fummons to attend in the court be- 
 longing to the civil law. See Apparitor. 
 
 FA'RITY, S, Ipanu', Fr. faritas, Lat.] 
 fquaUtyj likenefs ; rt-femhlance. 
 
 PARK, S. [^pcarrcc, jearnic, i^iK. pacrck, 
 ph;rCf Teut. pare, Fr.] a piece of ground in- 
 clpfed and ftored with deer or beads of chafe. 
 
 To PARK, V. A. to inclofe, as in a park. 
 
 Parle, S. [paiU,-, Fr.] converfation. 
 1 he ft<fl of treating by word of ir.outh. 
 
 PAR 
 
 To PA'RLEY, V. A. to treat by word of 
 mouth ; generally ufed in war of the treaties 
 carried on by enemies during .a fufpenfion of 
 arms for thrt purpofc. To heat ov jo»nd a par- 
 hy, fignifies to give thcfignul for a conference, 
 by beat of drum, or found of trumpet. 
 
 PA'RLEY, S. a treaty carried on by word 
 of mouth, 
 
 PA'RLIAMRNT, S. [parkmept, Fr.] the 
 aflembly of the lords fj:iritual and temporal 
 for debating of matters touching the comiuon- 
 wealth, and the making or correcting of 
 laws. 
 
 P A R L I A M E'N T A R Y, Adj. en a<ncd by, 
 fuiting, belonging to, or performed by the 
 parliament. 
 
 P i'HL'.'UR. F. [parUiir, Fr. parlaiorh, 
 ftal.j in menalleries, a room where tli£ reli- 
 gious receive thofe that come to fee them. In 
 houfcs, a room elegantly fuiniihed tor recep- 
 tion and entertainment. 
 
 PA'R'.OUS, Adj. [perhaps from pailei-^ 
 to fpeak, but Junius derives it fri^m perilous, 
 uf d in the fame fenfe as the Latin mp'obtis] 
 keen ; fprightly j waggilh. *' A par lorn wit.'* 
 Dryd. 
 
 PA'RLOUS, Adj. [from /.«rA/j] incom- 
 parable ; match lefs. 
 
 PA'Ri OUSNESS, S. quicknefs j keenncfs 
 of wit 
 
 PARNA'SSUS, S. a craggy mountain of 
 ancient Greece, rendered famous by the poets, 
 and facred to Ap(i!lo ai.d the muies. It lies in 
 the W. part of Aehaia, lije modern Livadia, 
 a province ot European Turkey, and N. of 
 the gulph of Lepanto Jts high tops termina- 
 ting in two points or pics, was hence of old 
 called Biceps Parnaflas Between thefe abun- 
 dance of water falls after rain or fnow. Here 
 is likcwife d plentiful fountain contiiuially if- 
 fuing out from among the rocks, and luppofed 
 to be the ancient Callalia, of which the Py- 
 thian prophetefs and the poets, who pretended 
 to iri{)-.iratioi), ufed to drink, and whither they 
 commonly went to bathe themfclvcs. 
 
 P,'.RO'C!-llAL, Adj. [parBcLlaih, Lat] 
 belonging to a pariih. 
 
 PA'RODY, S. [parcdk, Fr.] a kind of 
 writing, wherein the words of an author are 
 applied to another fiibjcct , genTi-liv applied 
 to the turning fomething fcrious into biir- 
 lefque. 
 
 To PA'RODY', V. A. reapply the words 
 of an author to a different fubjedt, generally 
 in order to caufe pleafantry. 
 
 PAROE'MIA, S. !7raj-i,'/;j.-, Gr.] a pro- 
 verb. In rhetoric, a proverbial manner of 
 fpeaking. 
 
 FARO'LE, S. [Fr.] a word given by way 
 of afiiirarce. A promife given by a prifoner 
 to go away. 
 
 PARONOMA'SI.A, .<5. [Cr.] in rhetoric, 
 •a figure wherein word.'-' alike in found, but of 
 a ditFerent fenfe, are alfe^edlv ufed. A pun. 
 PAROMY'CHIA, i>. l-na^'.Mux^ci, G'"-] a 
 
 prctcr-
 
 PAR 
 
 PAR 
 
 jiretci natural Avelling under t\.e root of tlic 
 j)<iil ; a whitlow. 
 
 l-A'ROQUHT, S. I p.T-re-:.Pt, pa-rcjtict, 
 !>.] a fmall kind of panct. 
 
 I'A'ROTID, Adj. iJivdl, fo n.jmed be- 
 caiifL' near the cirs. 
 
 I'A ROTIS, S. f^r.] a rumour in the 
 "landiiles behind and about the cars. 
 
 PA'ROXISr.I, S a I'evere Ht of a diftale in 
 whicli it arow.i more violent and dangerous, 
 
 PA'RRICIDE, S. [Fr. fjiridJa, Lat.j 
 , one who deftroys * 'a'herj figuratively, one 
 ■who invades his country, or one whom he 
 ought particularly to rex'crence. The murder 
 ot a faihcr, or one to whom reverence is due, 
 from fnn'ui^iutn, Lat. 
 
 rARRlCl'DlALJ'ARRICrDIOUS.Adj. 
 relating to, or comniiti'nj; parricide. 
 
 rA'RROT. [tiirrocjict, Fr.j a parti co- 
 loured bird, of the ho^k-bill fpecies, remark- 
 able for its imitatin;4 the human voice. 
 
 To PA'RRY, V.N. [parcr, Fr.j to put 
 ty thrufts in f^rcln;^. 
 
 To PARSE, V. A. \ fan, Lat.] in gram- 
 iTiuT, TO refolve a f^ntencc iBto its eiffcrent 
 parts of fpeecln. 
 
 PARSIMO'NIOUS, Adj [farfmcr.lus, 
 L^t.l frugal. Spaiii g to excefs. 
 
 PARSIM0N10'J.>LY, Adj. in a frugal, 
 fparing, or covetous manner. 
 
 PARSIMO'NlOL-SNtSS, S. adifpofition 
 «f (paring or f>.ving 
 
 PA'RSIMONV, S. Ifarjmonia, Lat.] the 
 ^{l of faving monev. 
 
 PA'RSLF.Y, s/[perfi,Bnt. fcrfd, Fr.] 
 a herb, whofe leaves are divided i'lto uings, 
 generally cut i'Uo fegments, and grov.ing on 
 a braHched rib. 
 
 PA'RSNiP, S. a root, of a light yellow 
 colour. 
 
 PA'R?ON, S. [derived either fram perjcna, 
 Lat. becaufe he perfi>n:ites the parilTi, or from 
 farccheanus, Lat. a parifh prieflj a clergyman; 
 a parilh priclt ; or teacher. 
 
 PA'RSONAGE, S. a benefice of a parilh 
 priell'. 
 
 PART, \pnrs, T.at.] fomcthing taken fro.m 
 r.nd lei's than the whole ; a portion ; a Riinibcr. 
 A Iharc, or concern. A lideor party- In the 
 plural, tjUilitics, pov.-crs, or faculties. Ap 
 plied to the mind, accomplillnnents. 
 
 PART, Adj. partly; in fonie meafure. 
 
 To PART, V. A. Ipartlo, Lat.] to divide. 
 To feparatc. To keep ai]iinder. To quit each 
 other. To take leave of. '1 o have a ihare. 
 
 PA'RT.AELF, Adj. capable of having its. 
 parts feparatcd. 
 
 P.A'KTAGE, S [Fr.] diviHon ; the a<n 
 cf ihaiing A v.ord merely trench. 
 
 To P.ARTA'KR, V. N. [prct. I par'.uh. 
 part, paffive, <)i7f-/<iytf«.] To fbare. To have 
 Something of the property, nature, claim or 
 right; to be a.imitftd to ; i:ot excluded : to 
 conibinc, or enter into r. dtiign. Sometimes 
 %vith iti before, the thing partaken of. 
 
 PARTA'KER, S. a (Tiarer in anything. 
 An accon->plir;e. 
 
 P.^'RTK.-<, S. one tlut feparatcs or di- 
 vide.;. 
 
 PA'RTRRRE, S [Fr ] a level dividon cf 
 ground ; a fiower-garden. 
 
 ]*A'RTJAL, Adj. [Fr.] inclined to favour 
 one fide more tlpjn another with reafon. 
 
 F.AK.TiA'LITY, S. f/j-nW///, Fr.] the 
 a^ of favouring < nc party more than another 
 without jiiO rcdLn, 
 
 10 PARTJALIZE, V. A. to make a 
 perfon unreafonably ta\our oik lide more than 
 another, 
 
 PARTIALLY, Adv. with unjuft ot un- 
 rcafonable favour or dillike. 
 
 PARTI Bl LITY, S. [iiom partibW] poC- 
 fibility cf bfing divided. 
 
 PA'RTIBLE, Adj. [irompart] pofl^ble to 
 be divided <'r feparated. 
 
 PARTI'CIPABLE, Adj. [ivom partklp^u] 
 fucli ns m.iv be fliarcd among fcveral. 
 
 PARTICIPANT, Adj. (.Fr.] fliaring; 
 having a (1i ire or nait. 
 
 To PARTJCIP'ATE, V. N. [pariicipi- 
 tr/f, cf parr-cipw, Lat.] to enjoy in common 
 w ith others. To have a part of more things 
 than one ; to receive part or Ihare. 
 
 PARTICI'^ATION, S. [Fr.] the ftate 
 of iharing or enjoying fomething in com- 
 mon with others. Dillriburion or divifion 
 in fhaics 
 
 PARTICrPIAL, Adj. [partuiphlh, Lat.] 
 having the nature ot a participle. 
 
 P.AKTICI'PIALLY, Adv. after the man- 
 ner of a pr.rticiple. 
 
 PA''RTiCIPLE, S. {partklplum, Lat.] a 
 word which part..kes of the nature boih of a 
 verb and an adje^ive, fignifying time and 
 aftion like rhc verb, and being declined with 
 cafes Pke an adjcc'tive. 
 
 I''ARTJCLE, S, [particuj'e,YT.fartkula, 
 L;'t.] any fmall pait or portion of a greater 
 fubftancc. In grammar, a w':>rd unvaried with 
 c.ifes, whereliy the mind fignifics the con- 
 iiei^lions it gives to the ftvcral aflirmations 
 and negitions, that it unites in one contmued 
 leafoninq or negation, 
 
 PARTICULAR, Adj. \p.^rtkuner,?r.'\ 
 fingle or iclatiag to a fingle perfon. Any 
 ihing peci liar to, or which diflinguifhcs a 
 perfon or thing. 
 
 PARTJ'C'JLAR, S, a fingle inaance or 
 point. An individual or fmgile perfon. A 
 minute detail oi things enumerated diflindly. 
 Di'Hnc^ recital. 
 
 PARTICULARITY, S. [particular] the 
 cjuality which dillinq,uifhes a perfon or thing 
 Irom others, fometimes including the idea of 
 afit^fation. A diftindt notice of particular 
 circum (lances. 
 
 lo PARTl'Cl'LARIZE, V, N. [far- 
 :::i!lanfer, Fr,J to mention diftinftly or mi- 
 nutely, 
 
 PARTI'CULARLY, Adr. difVInftly ; 
 
 ringfy.
 
 PAS 
 
 PAS 
 
 fngly. Above all others; in aifi extraorJi ] To PASS, V. N. [fajfer, Fr. from /v/j', 
 xuW'. manner or degree. | Fr. pi\j}'its, Lat. a Hep] to move from one 
 
 PA'RT['^AN, S. \part':fdr, Fr.j a kind of flep to another. To make way thiough. To 
 pike or hill.erd. One who belongs to a fac- make a tranfitioa from one thing to another ; 
 tion ; a commander of a parry. | ufed withyVc:??.'. Tovanifh; to be lo(K To 
 
 PARTITION, S. ( Vi-.fariiro, Lat.] the. be ena^ed. To cxitl ; to be effefted. To 
 £(St of dividing ; the (hue of being di»iJed. | be fuprcmely excellent To omit. To be 
 Separation^ divifion j dillinftion. A part j in a tolerable Hate. To be fpent or intervene, 
 divided from the reft. That by which dliTc- i applied to time. To became current, apphccl 
 rent parts or chumbers arc feparateJ. The | to money. In fencing, to thrult or m.ike a 
 
 place or part where feparation is made. 
 
 To PARTI'TION, V, A to divide into 
 diflinft part.'!. 
 
 PA'RTLET, S. a name gl'/en ro a hen. 
 
 PA'RTLY, Adv. in part, in jbme mea- 
 fiire or degree. 
 
 PA'R J NER, one that partakes or enioys 
 any thing in common with anotiier. One 
 who is joined in trade with another. One 
 who dances with another. 
 
 piilh; in gaming, to refufe playing or takinj^ 
 the lead. Ta fah aivay, to he loft, glide 
 offer vanifh. To excel, ufed as a contrac- 
 tion offurfafs. To tranfgrefs or go bejond 
 any limits. To fend from one place to ano- 
 ther, or to fend to his proper parilh. Topafs 
 /•y, to decline punifhing, to excufe or for- 
 give. To pafs over, to negle£t or difiegard. 
 
 PASS, S. in war, a narrow entrance or de- 
 file. A paflage or road. A permiflion to go 
 
 PA'RTNERSHIP, S. joint inte-eft or or come any where. An order by which va- 
 property. The union of two or more in the grants are fent to their proper pari(h. In 
 fame trade. fencing, a pu(h or thrnft. 
 
 P.^RTO'OK, prt-rerof/arw^f. PA'SS/iBLK, Adj. [Fr.] that which may 
 
 PARTRIDGE, S. [/^r.'r/i Biit. /.«-(f/7;«r, be paffeJ or travelled 5 capable of being ad- 
 Fr. /-f/v/.-.v, Lat.] a bird of game. 1 njittcd or received. Inditferent, tliou^h not; 
 
 PARIURIENT, Adj. (/.o.'ot/c;:?, Lat.]|perfcfl:. " 
 
 re^dy to bring forth 
 
 PA RTURI'TIOxV, S. ^parturlo, Lat.] the 
 ftate (>f being about lo briiig fortli 
 
 PASSA'DO, S. [Ital.] in fencing, a pudi 
 or thnift. 
 
 PA'SSAGE,, [Fr.] the a£i or Rate of a 
 
 PA'RTY, S. a number of perfons united! pcrfon travelling. A road. Liberty of going 
 in one common defign. One of two advcr-l in or coming out. Fntrance or admillion to 
 faries. An accomplice or one cor.eerned in 'the mind. An occurrence ; an unfettled flate; 
 an afTiir. A particular pcrfon. In war, a an incident; management, conJu<f\. A fin- 
 
 detachment of loldiers 
 
 PARTY'COLOURED, Adj. hiving dif- 
 ferent colour-. 
 
 PA'RTY- JURY, S. a jury confullng of 
 half foreigners and half natives. 
 
 PARTY-MAN, S. a fa^ious perfon, or 
 one joined in a faflion. 
 
 PARTY- Wall, a wall that feparates 
 one houL' from another. 
 
 PA'RVIS, S. [Fr.J a church or church- 
 porch ; applied to the meeti'igs in the inns 
 of court, or to the difputations in Oxford, 
 wJiere the ftudents aie placed oppofite each 
 other. 
 
 PA'RVITUDE, S. [par-vun, Lat.] the 
 tjuility of being fmaJl or little. 
 
 PA'RVITY, S. [par-mti, Lat ] littlencfs. 
 
 P^S, S. [Fr.] precedence] right of going 
 foremo!>. 
 
 P.VSCHAL, Adj. \pafchal,Yv.pafcha!h, 
 Lat] relating to the Paf!over or Eaiter. 
 
 PASH, S. [pax, Span.] a kifs. 
 
 To PASH, V. A. [perfn, Bclg.] to ftrike 
 cr ciuth. 
 
 PA'SQUE, S. a flower refcmbling an ane- 
 rnony. 
 
 PA'SQIJIL, PA'SQtTlN,PASQUINAD'E, 
 f S. from pafquitio, a Itatae at Rome lo which 
 they affix any fatyr or lampoon they would 
 have puldickly known] a lampoon or writing 
 in whicli a perfon is expofej to ridicule. 
 
 gle lenience or para;;raph in a book. 
 
 PA'iSED, pretcr and participle pafHve of 
 pafs. 
 
 PA'SSEMGER, S. a perfon who is travel- 
 ling in any vehicle either by land or water. 
 A traveller. 
 
 PA'SSER, S, one that 15 upon the road, 
 or goes by another. 
 
 PASSI'EILITY, S. fpa/JILilife, Fr.] the 
 quality of receiving imprefllons from exter- 
 nal obje(rts. 
 
 PA'SSIBLENESS, S. the quality of re- 
 ceiving impr.-fTlons from exteinal o!)je(fts. 
 
 PA'SSING, participle, fiipreme, or fur- 
 paffing others. Exceedingly. 
 
 PASSIMG-BELL, S. the bell which rings 
 at the departure of a perfon. 
 
 PA'SSION, S. [Fv.paJ/:o, Lat-l any effect 
 caufed by an external agent. The receiving 
 any adlion. A commotion of the foul arifing 
 from the manner in which it confiders things 
 as amiable or hateful. Anger, in a populous 
 and vulgar fenfe. Zeal, or ardour, i.ove. 
 Eager defire or fondnefs. In fciipture, ap- 
 plied to the laft agoi\!es and fiilferings, which 
 eiofed the life of our blelTcd Saviour. 
 
 PA'SSION-FLOWER, S. a flower fo call- 
 ed from an imaginary refemblance it bears to 
 the Crown of thorns and otlier infirumcnts 
 of the pafTion of cu' blclled Saviour. 
 
 PA'SSLON-WEEK, S. the week imme- 
 diately
 
 PAS 
 
 <3iately preceding Eafter, fct apart by the 
 C'hurch to meditate on the fufferings aftd cru- 
 cifixion of our !)le(rcd saviour. 
 
 Pa'SSIONATE, Adj. fpjjfjor.ne, Fr.] 
 moved by, or exprefUve of, pjiuon. Fafily 
 moved 1 1 anger. 
 
 PA'SSIO ATELY, Adv. with great af- 
 feftion, commotion of the miad, or anger. 
 In an angry manner. 
 
 P^'SSIVE, \d] \paJJif,Fr.paJJivus,L3t.] 
 receiving imp'efTions ; fiiffering, oppofed to 
 active j unrtriiting. In grammar, applied to 
 fuch verbs as ligiiify pallion or the effeft of 
 fome ii'tion. 
 
 PA'SSIV LY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to make no refiflance. 
 
 P,\SSIVENESS. S. the quality of bear- 
 ing or fufT-ring without refiftance. 
 
 PASSI'VITY, S. [p:^j;-vitas, Lat.] the 
 ftate of being infcnf;i>le. 
 
 P.VSSOVER, S. a feaft inftituted among 
 thf fews in commemoration of the fljughter 
 of the fi fl-t>orn of the Egyptians, when the 
 Anvtl faffed over the liouf^s of the Ifraelites. 
 The fjcrifice killed at the feaft of tlie pallbver. 
 PA'SSPORT, S. [Fr.] a pcrmirlion to pafs. 
 PAST, fparc. preter of pan, fas, fijl, 
 'PetCpuJia, RudiJ fomething which has been. 
 Spent or expired. 
 
 ' PAST, Prep, beyond, applied to time or 
 place J cut of the reach of, applied to llatc. 
 Above, applied to meafure. 
 
 PASTE, S. [faji:] any thing mixed (o as 
 to be moift and vifcous ; flour and water boil- 
 ed together, fo as to form a cement. An ai-cifi- 
 cial mixture madeto reprefent pieciousftones. 
 To PASTE, V. A. to faften with parte. 
 PA'S FEBOARD, S. a thick paper form- 
 ed either of feveral fhcets palled together, by 
 papL-r macerated in water and Cii\. in moulds, 
 oriiy old cordage pounded and cart into forms. 
 Adjc(fl:ively, any thing made of pallcboard. 
 PA'STEL, S. an herb. 
 PA'STERN, S. [pafiuron, Fr. irom pas, 
 Fr. a rtep ; fiadah, Perf. the feet] the knee 
 cf a horfe. 
 
 P.VSTIL, S. {paJiiHe, Fr. o£ fiaJiUlus, 
 Lat.] a crayon for painting; a compofition 
 ©f perfumes ; alfo a roll of parte. 
 
 PA'STI.ME, S. Ipajhemps, Fr.] a fport, 
 diverfion, or amufement. 
 
 PA'STOR, PA'STOUR, S. {p^JIcr, Lat. 
 fi-Jicur, Fr.J a ihephcrd. Figuratively, a cler- 
 gyman. 
 
 P.A'STORAL, Adj. [Yr.fuprcns, Lat.] 
 nira! ; rcfembling Ihephcrds. Figuratively, 
 relating t<i a clergyman, or the care of fouls. 
 PA'STORAL, S. a ptoem which contains 
 feme fccne in the country, and in whofe per- 
 fonagei are pcs-ple that live in thofc parts. 
 
 P.^'STRY, ^W [pajliferi, Fr.] the art of 
 making pics. Pies, or baked f arte. The 
 pl.xes where p.-llry is made. 
 
 P-^'STRY-COOK. S. a perfon whofe 
 trade is tc nK-.ke and fell pies or rutts. 
 
 t 
 
 PAT 
 
 PA'STURABLE, Adj. fit for pafture. 
 PA'S rUR AGE, S. [Fr] the bufmef' of 
 'feeding cattie ; lands grazed by cattle j the 
 ufa of parture. 
 
 P.A'STURE, S. [Fr. pajfus, Lat.] food, 
 or thead of feeding. Ground on which grafs 
 grows and cattle arc fed. 
 
 To PA'STURE, V. A. to place in a paf- 
 ture. Neuterly, to graze on the ground. 
 
 P.A'STY, S. ffaj}}, Fr.] a pie made of 
 raifed cruft without a difh. 
 
 PAT, Adj. {pas, Belg. ] fit, proper, or ex- 
 a.flly fuitable, applied either to tims or place. 
 A low word. 
 
 PAT, S. [fat, Brk.paJ, Tol. a blow.] A 
 light quick blow, or tap. A fmall lump of 
 matter beat into fhape with the han.i. 
 
 To PAT, V. A. to ftrike flightly; to 
 give a flight blow or tap 
 
 PATACO'OL, S. fSpan.] a Spanilh coiii 
 worth 4s. and 8d. Englifh. 
 
 To PATCH, V. A. Ipudzn; ^dg.}pez- 
 z.are, Ital.] to cover by Tewing on a piece. 
 To mend in a clumfy manner. To make 
 up with fhreds of different forts. 
 
 PATCH, S. [fez.'s.'i, Ital.] a piece fewed 
 on to cover a hole. A piece laid in, in mo- 
 fdic work, or in work confirting of pieces of 
 different colours. A fmall piece of black fllk 
 worn liy ladies on their f.ices as an ornament. 
 A fniali particle. A parcel of land. A pal- 
 try perfon, fuppofed to be a patch in the cre- 
 ation. " Thou fcurvy/<ii/ri)." Skak. The 
 lafl fenfe is obfolete. 
 
 PA'rCHER, S. one that patches ; a bot- 
 cher. 
 
 PA'TCH-WORK, S. work made of dif- 
 ferent colours. 
 
 PATE, S. \JxoTn.tete, Fr. by corruption ; 
 or from patina. Lat. a pan, in which fenfe 
 we call the fkull the brain-pan^ the head. 
 
 P.'l'TED, Adj. headed ; ufcd in compofi- 
 tion, as long-pated, 
 
 PATEFA'CTION, S. [patefaHio, Lat.] 
 aiftor ftate of opening. 
 
 PA'TEN, S. [patina, Lat.] a plate. «' Pa- 
 tens of bright gold." 5^.:.^. 
 
 PA'TENT, S. [Fr. patens, Lat.] a writ 
 by which a perfon enjoys a right or privilege 
 exclufive of others. 
 
 PA'TENT, Adj. containing a patent, or 
 exclufive privilege. Any thing appropriated 
 by letters patent. 
 
 PATENTEE', S. the perfon who has a 
 letter patent. 
 
 PA'TER-NOSTER, S. [Lat. our f.ither] 
 the Lord's pr.^ycr, or religious cciemonies. 
 
 PATE'RN'aL, Adj. \pdt.ynd, Fr. fatcr- 
 PUS, Lat.] having the relation or affeiflion of 
 a father. Received by defcent fiom one's 
 father. 
 
 PaTE'RNITY, S. [/.(j.Yr.vf.-/, Fr.] the re- 
 lation of a father. 
 
 PATH, S. [pa'fj, paat, Sax. put, Rnff. 
 puuty Dalii). pad, pat, Be!g J u ioad ufu.dly 
 
 travchci
 
 PAT 
 
 travelled on foot. A track worn by fie<^uent 
 walkino. A track or pafiage. 
 
 P A THE'TIC, PATHE' i IC A L, Adj. [/>«- 
 tbetiqtie, Fr] affeifling the padions ; afTcdion,- 
 
 PATHE'TICALLY, Adv. in fiich a man- 
 ner as to afFefl the puffions. 
 
 PATHE'TICALNESS, S. the quality of 
 afTeifting the paflions. 
 
 PA'THICKS, S. [from w&iTv, G] Sodo- 
 mites, or thofe who futler themfclves to be 
 abiifed by men contrary to nature. 
 
 PATHLESS, Adj. untrodden. Without 
 tracks or paths. 
 
 PATHOGNOMONI'CK, Adj. [Traeo?, 
 and jva^iwenxoc, Gr.] fuch figns of a difeafe as 
 are proper and infeperahle, deligning the real 
 edence or nature of the difeafc ; not fympto- 
 matic. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL, Adj. relatin;^ to the 
 tokens or difcoverable efft^ls of a diforder. 
 
 PA'THOLOGIST, S. one who treats of 
 pathology. 
 
 PA'THOLOGY, S. fof TraSo?, and \iyoi, 
 Gr.j is that part of medicine, which relates 
 to the diftempers, with their caufes, diffe- 
 rences, and effe<fts, incident to the human 
 body. 
 
 PATHOPOE'IA, [irs.BoTroua, Gr.] the 
 rifmg of a paflion. In rhetoric, a method by 
 which the mind is excited to anger, hatred, 
 compuflion, i^c. 
 
 PA'THWAY, S. a narrow way to be paf- 
 fcd on foot. 
 
 PA'TIBLE, Adj. [{vomfatkr, Lat.J to- 
 lerable ; fufferable. 
 
 PA'TIBULARY, S. [patibulaire, Fr.] be- 
 longing to the gallows. 
 
 PA' i lENCE, S. I Fr fntientia, Lai.] the guardian faint. 
 
 P A U 
 
 PATRL&'RCHY, S. the jurlfdiaion of a 
 patriarch. 
 
 PATRI'CIAN, Adj. [patncien, Tv. patrl- 
 cius, Lat.] noble, oppofed to common. 
 
 PATRl'CIAN, S. a nobleman. 
 
 PATRIMO'NIAL, Adj. [Fr.] polTeffed 
 by inheritance. 
 
 PA'TRIMONY, S. [patrlmoirwm, Lat.] 
 an ellate poirefled by inheritance. 
 
 PA'TRIOT, S. one that makes the good 
 of his country the confta.it niotive of his ac- 
 tions or meafurcs. 
 
 PA'TRIOTISM, S. a conflant and unbi- 
 affed love for one's country. 
 
 ToPATRQ'ClNATE, V. A. [patncitjcr, 
 Lat.] to defend or protect ; to patronize. 
 
 PATROCINATION, S. defending, or 
 prote(fting ; maintaining any one's caufe. 
 
 PA'IRO'L, S. [patroul/k,p.:;o!iUJr;'o\dFv.} 
 the a<ft of going the rounds in a garrifon 
 to obferve that the centinels perform their 
 duty. The pcrfons who go the rounds in a 
 garrifon or carnp. 
 
 To PATRO'L, V. A. to go the rounds in 
 a camp or garrifon. 
 
 PA'TRON, S. [Fr. patrorrn, Lat,] bn« 
 who countenances, fupports, or protc£ls, ge- 
 nerally apolied to one who encourages an au- 
 thor. A ^^uardian faint. An advocate or de- 
 fender. One who has the gift of an ecclefi- 
 t aflical benefice, 
 
 PA'IRONAGE, S. [from patron] pro- 
 te£lion ; fupporc ; gr.ardisnfhip of faints. ' - 
 
 PA.JRO'NAL, Adj. [from putror.i,s, Lat.J 
 guarding; fupporting ^ defending. 
 
 PA'TRONESS, S. a female «ho dsfends, 
 protcds, encourages or fupports ; a female 
 
 virtue of bearing injures or affronts without 
 revenge, mifery without complaint, and tor- 
 tures without outcry. 
 
 PA'TIENT, Adj. [Fr. pi7tkns, Lat.] en- 
 during pain without complaint, or injuries 
 and affronts without revenge. 
 
 PA'TIENT, S. that which receives im- 
 prellions from external obje(fts. A perfon 
 who is vifited by a phyfician, apothecary, or 
 furgeon. 
 
 PA'TIENTLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to return no railing to reproaches, no re- 
 venge to affronts, and no complaints amidft 
 pains, diftrefs, ortorinies. 
 
 PA'TIN, S. [pati!:a, Lat.] the cover of 
 a chalice. 
 
 PA'TLY, Adv. in a convenient and op 
 portune manner. 
 
 PATRIARCH, S. [patriarebe, Fr. pa 
 triarcha, Lat.] one who gover.is by right of 
 pnteinity. A father and ruler of a family. 
 A bi(hop, fupcrior to arclibilhoos. 
 
 PATRIAR'CHAL, Adj. [Fr,] belonging 
 to, or enjoyed by, patriarchs. 
 
 PATRIA'RCHATK, . PATRIA'RCH- 
 SHIP, S. [patiiarcLat, Fr.j the oSce or 
 dignity of a patriarch. 
 
 I 
 
 To PA'TRONISE, V, A. to encourage, 
 proteifl;, or fupporl. 
 
 PATRONYMIC, Adj. [patrony,m<jiie, Fr. 
 TraJcEvy^fKOf, Gr.] a name given to a perfbr* 
 e.xpreffiiig that of his father ; as 'TyJidcs, ap- 
 plied to the fon of 1 ydeus. 
 
 PA'TTEN, S. applied to a pillar, its bafe. 
 A wooden fhoe with an iron ring at its bot- 
 tom, worn under a common (hoe by wo- 
 men, to keep them out of the dirt and wet. 
 
 To PA'TTER, V. N. [patte, Fr. a foot, 
 or from the found] to make a noife like tlie 
 4uick fteps of many feet, or that of falling 
 hail. 
 
 PATTERN, S. [Tr.pmroortyBdg.'] an 
 original propofed to be imitated or copied. A 
 fptcimen or part fliown as a fample of the reft. 
 An inflance. Any tisirg cut out in paper for 
 a model. 
 
 lo PATTERN, V. A. \ fatrcmer, Fr.]' 
 to copy ; to make an imitation of fomethlng j 
 to ferve as an example to be fullowed. 
 
 PAU'CILOCHJY, S. [pauriio^uium, Lat.] 
 fpeaking little ; fparing in fpcech. 
 
 PAU'CITY, S. [paucltas, from paucusy 
 Lat, 2 few] fcwnefs or fmallnefs of number 
 or quantity. 
 
 T»
 
 PEA 
 
 To PAVE, V. A. [pa-ver, Fr. pa-vk, 
 tat.] to lay or floor with brick or il(»ne. Fi- 
 guratively, to make way for, or nuke a paf- 
 iagc cafy. 
 
 PA VdLMrNT, S. a flone floor; (lones or 
 bricks laid for a floor. 
 
 PA'VER, PA'VIER} S. one who lays a 
 road with ftoncs. 
 
 PAV I'LION, S. Ipa-jlUon, Fr ] s tent. 
 To PAVI'LION, V. A. to furnifli with 
 tents. To be fheltered bv a tent. 
 
 PAUNCH, S. [panfe, Fr. pa>i:a. Span. 
 farttex, Lat.] the belly, or region of tlie guts. 
 
 To PAUNCH, V. A. to np up the belly, 
 er take out the entrails. 
 
 PAU'PER, S. [Lat. genitive, parpen:, 
 lat.] in Law, a poor man. 
 
 PAUSE, S. [Fr.J a (lop or ceiTation fiom 
 a£\ion or motion. A break or fepaiation be- 
 tween the words of a Jifcouife. A (top or 
 interccflion in mufic 
 
 To PAUSE, V. N. to fiop or ceafe from 
 aflion for a time. To deliberate. 
 
 PAW, S. [paiveii, Prit. pas, pa'tt-, Fr 
 fa, pas, pah, Peif. ] the fore foot ot' h beafl. 
 Figuratively, and in contempt, the hand of 
 a human creature. 
 
 To PAW, V. N, to draw the fore-foot 
 along the ground. To (hoke with the fore- 
 foot. Figuratively, to handle roughly. 'i"o 
 fawn or flatter. 
 
 Pa' WED, Adj. having paws. Broad- 
 footed. 
 
 PAWN, S. \pant!, Belg. pan, Fr. pay- 
 andartj, Perf.] fomething given as a fccurity 
 foP money borrowed. The ftate of being a 
 pledge. A common man ;.t chefs 
 
 To PAWN, V. .A. to give any thing as a 
 fccurity for money lent. 
 
 PA'WNBROKER, S. one that knds mo- 
 ney upon goods. 
 
 To P.AY, V. A. [pii'iW, Fr. apagcr, "^pan. 
 paco, Lat.] to difcharge a debt. To rccom- 
 pence. To give the worth in money for any 
 thing bought. To atone ; to make amends 
 by fuffering. To beat. 
 
 PAY, S. wages or money given for fcr- 
 vice. 
 
 PA'YABLK, Adj. \palhk, Fr.] due or to 
 be paid. Polfible to be paid. 
 
 PA'Y-DAY, S. the day on which debts are 
 difcharged or wages are paid. 
 
 PA'YMASTER, S. one who is to pay; 
 one from whom wages or money for goods 
 fold if to be received. 
 
 PA'YMENT, S. Llie a£l of a dif.harging a 
 debt or promifes. 
 
 To PAYSE, V. N. [ufcd !)y Spencer for 
 poife'\ to balance. 
 
 "PAYSER, S. [for pc\fn■^ one that weiajis. 
 
 PEA, S. [pifum, Lat. pifa, Sax. pois, Fr.j 
 a roundifl) feed growing in a pod. 
 
 TEACE, S. [paix, Fr. pax, Lat.] a flate 
 wherein nations are in friend.Hiip wiiii each 
 other. A refpite from war. Reft from any 
 
 PEA 
 
 coriimotion or dillurbance. 
 Silence. 
 
 Reconciliation. 
 
 PEACi^, Interjed. a word commanding 
 filence. 
 
 PE A'CE- O PEER IN G, S. among 1 Iv; Jew.s, 
 a facrifice offered for atonement, and to make 
 reconciliation for a crime. 
 
 PEa'CEAL<LE, Adj. fiee from war, tu- 
 mult, or diflurbance. Not inclined to be 
 i^uarrelfonic or turbulent. 
 
 PEA'CEABLENESS, S the quality of 
 being .iiiiet, or difpofed to peace. 
 
 PEA'CEABLY, Adv. without war, tumult, 
 or diduilance. 
 
 PE'ACEFUL, Adj. quiet. Inclined to peace. 
 Mild. Undinurhed.' 
 
 PE'ACEFCLLY, A^v. without diflurb- 
 ance. In a mild or gentle manner. 
 
 PE'ACb FULNESS, S. quiet freedom 
 from noife or diflurbance. 
 
 PE'ACP:-MAKER, S. one who reconciles 
 perfons at variance. 
 
 PE'ACE-PARTED, Adj. departed from 
 this world in peace. 
 
 PLACH, S \ pefcle, Fr. malum ptrjicum, 
 Lat.] a roundifh flefhy fruit, covered with a 
 downy coat, inclofing a rough or rugged flone. 
 To PEACH, V. A. [corrupted fri^m ;»;- 
 pcach\ to accufe a perfon as an accomplice in 
 a crime. 
 
 PE'ACHICK, S. the chicken or young of 
 a peacock. 
 
 I PE'ACOCK, S. {pcva. Sax. pa'v,, Lat.] 
 a fowl remarkable for the beauty of its fea- 
 thers, and efpeciaily tb.ofe of its flarry fail. 
 PE'AHEM, S. the female of the peacock. 
 PEAK, S. [pcdc. Sax. pic, pique, Fr.] the 
 top of a hill or eminence. Any tiling hav- 
 ing a fliarp end or point. The riling or pro- 
 je£iing part of a head-dref» or cap. 
 
 To PEAK, V. N. Ipequeno, Span, littlej 
 to look fickly, meagre, or fneaking. 
 
 PE.-^L, S. [gdkre tympana, Lat.] a fnc* 
 ccfli'in of loud founds, (uch as the reports of 
 a cannon, or the ringing of bells. 
 
 To PEAL, V. A. to ring a peal. TopLy 
 fjlemnly and loud. 
 
 f'EAK, S. [poire, Tr. pyrum, Lat.l a flefhy 
 fruit more pointed towards the foot-flalk 
 than the apple, and hollowed at the extremity 
 like a navel. 
 
 PEARL, S. [perk, Fr. prrla. Span, fup- 
 pofed to come from fpberuUi] a kind of gem 
 found in Indian herbs or oyf^ers, whofe va- 
 iue increafes in proportion to its rcundnefs 
 and r:ze. In iVfedicinc, around fpeck or film 
 growing on the eye. 
 
 PE'.'^.RLEU, Adj. [£iom pecrl'\ ornament- 
 ed or fct with pearls. 
 
 PEARL ■ GR.ASS, PEARL - PLANT, 
 PEARL- WORT, S. 4 plant. 
 
 FE'ARLY, Adj. abounding with, or con- 
 taining pearls. Refemljling pearls. 
 PE'ARMATN, S. a kind ofr.pple. 
 PE'ASANT, S. [palunt, Fr.J one who 
 
 WOl ki 
 
 *'
 
 PEC 
 
 PEE 
 
 the cod or 
 
 j PECU'NIARY, Adv. {pecunanus^ from 
 ruflics, or country |/^^f//«M, Lat. meney] relating to, confiftin^ 
 of, money. 
 
 PED, S. [fee Pad] a fmall pack-faddle, 
 much lefs th^n a pannel. A hamper. A 
 bafket. 
 
 PI 'DAGOGUE, S. [from ,r«i?, Gr. a 
 boy, and ayco, Gr. to lead] one that teaches 
 boys. 
 
 To PE'DAGOGUE, V. A. to inflruft in 
 a haughty manner. 
 
 PE'DAGOGY, S. \naiUtyi>yit, Gr.] 
 the inftrudtion ; the mafterfhip; difcipline. 
 
 PE'DAL, Adj. {pcdalis, Lat.J belonging 
 to a foot. 
 
 PE'DALS, S. [pedaks, Fr. pcdalh, Lat.] 
 the larjic pipes of an organ, To called, becaufc 
 played on by the foot 
 
 Pt.DA'Ni.OUS, Adj. [ped.:neu$, Lat.] 
 coine; on foot. 
 
 " I'F/D;^_NT, S. [Fr.] a fchooimafler. A 
 perfon vain and oftcntatious of his learning. 
 
 PE'-iA'N ric, PEDA'NTICAL, Adj. 
 vainly oflentations of learning. 
 
 PEDA'NTfCALLY, Adv. with aukward 
 and vain oftentation of learning. 
 
 PE'DA\'TRY, S. vain and auk vard often- 
 tation oflenrning. 
 
 To PE'()DLE, V. N. [commonly written 
 piddle] to be biify about trifles. 
 
 PEDERE'RO, S. [pedrero, Span.] afmalt 
 cannon, managed by afwivel. It is frequent- 
 ly written paterero. 
 
 PE'DESTAL, .S. \pkdjla}, Fr.] the lower 
 end ofa pillr.r, or balis of a (iatue.' 
 
 PE'DICLE, S. [pcdicule, Fr. pedh, Lat.] 
 in b.'tany, thj foot-flalk, or (talk by which 
 a leaf or fruit is fixed to a tre-. 
 
 PEDI'CULAR, Adj. [pcdh-ularis, Lat.] 
 "laving the phthyriafjs, or loufy diftemper. 
 
 PE'DIGREt, S. [from pere A\^didegrc, Fr. 
 by Skinnerl account of defcerlt. 
 
 PE'DIMENT, S. [pes,prdh, Lat.] in ar- 
 chitefliire, alow pinnacle, ufiially in the form 
 of a triangle, ufcd to crown an ordinance, 
 
 '•Ah a frontifpiece, and placed over gates, 
 doors, windows, &c. 
 
 PE'DLER, S. [a contra<rtion from a 
 petty-dealer'] one who travels the country with 
 f.Tiall commodities. 
 
 PE'DLERY, S. wares fold bypedlers. 
 
 PE'DDLING, Adj. petty-dealing. 
 
 PE'DOBAPTISM, S. [TraiJcj, and B^n- 
 litry.a, Gr.] infant bnptifm. 
 
 PE'DOBAPTIST, .S. [vaih;, and Bav- 
 l^ix;, Gr.J one that holds or pradlifes infant 
 baprifm. 
 
 To PEEL, V. A. fpekr, Fr. from peHii, 
 Lat. a fliin] to take ofT the j^eel or flvin from 
 fruit. To flay. To plunder, from pUkr, 
 Fr. to rob, 
 
 PEEL, S. \pelure, Fr. pellh, Lat.J the 
 
 i.liin or thin riiid. A broad thin board with 
 a long iiandle, ufed by bakers to draw their 
 bread, or to put i'. into the oven, from/><t.'//(',Fr. 
 Z z T» 
 
 >^'prks at hufbanJry. 
 
 PEASANTRY, S. 
 people. 
 
 PE'ASCOD, PE'ASHEL, S 
 (hell in which peafe grow. 
 
 PEASE, S. [poh, Fr. when mentioned 
 as a fingle body or grnin we ufe pea, whofe 
 plural is peas \ but ufed colleftively for food, 
 a? a fpecies, we ufe peafe, from peajon. Sax. 
 p\fo, Ital. p'lfum, Lat.] food of peas. 
 
 PEAT, S. a kind of turf ufed for fire. 
 
 PE'BBLE, PE'B3LE-ST0NE, S a ftone 
 growing in one homogeneous mufs. Popular-.. 
 ly, a fmall flone, 
 
 PE'BBLED, Adj. abounding with peb- 
 bles. 
 
 PECCABI'LITY, S. [from peccabk] the 
 ftate of being fubjetft to fin. 
 
 PE'CCABLE, Adj. [paco, Lat.] fubjeft to 
 fin. 
 
 PECCADI'LLO, S. [Sv^n. peccadilkfYv.] 
 a flight fault, crime, or offence. 
 
 PE'CCANCY, S. [peccans, Lat.] a bad 
 quality. 
 
 PE'CCANT, .Adi. \peccans, Lat.] guilty. 
 Criminal. In Medicine, injurious to health. 
 In Law, wrong, or contrary to form. 
 
 P'XK, S. [pocca. Sax. poke, Ifl. a bag] 
 the fourth part of a hufhel. 
 
 To PECK, V.A.[pecquer, Yr.pkken, Pelg.] 
 to ftrike with the beak 5 to pick up with the 
 beak ; to (hike with any pointed inftrument; 
 to quarrel and endeavour to expofe, ufed 
 with at. 
 
 PE'CKER, S. one that peclss. A kind of 
 bird, cilKd likewife a wood-pecker. 
 
 PE'CKLED, Adj. [corrupted ivom fpechkd] 
 fpotted; varied with fpots. 
 
 PE'CTIN.AL, Adj. [pefleti, Lat. a comb] 
 made like a comb. 
 
 PE'CTINATED, Adj. inferted into one 
 another, in the fame manner as combs are 
 by their teeth. 
 
 PECTINA'TIOX, S. the ftate of being 
 pe(ninated. 
 
 PF/CTORAL, Adj. [penoraih, Lat.] bc- 
 lon;:ing to the bread. 
 
 PE'CTORAL, S. [Fr. pcnorale, Lat.] a 
 hreafli-plate. 
 
 PE'CULATE, PECULA'TION, S. [pc- 
 ctdat, Fr. peaddtus, Lat.] robbery of the 
 pui)lic money. 
 
 PECULA'TOR, S. [Lat.] robber of the 
 public. 
 
 PE. U'LTAR, Adj. {pea,narh, Lat.] be 
 longing to one, exclufive of others. Parti- 
 cular. 
 
 PECU'LIAR, S. an exclufive propcty. 
 Soniething exempted from the ordinary juiif- 
 diftion. 
 
 PECULTA'RITY, S. the quality which 
 diftinguilhes one perfon or thing from ano- 
 ther. 
 
 PECU'LIARLY 
 common to others.
 
 P E K 
 
 PEL 
 
 To PEEP, V. N; [Skinner derives tliis] is computed at t«-o millions. The principal 
 word from oftr^'n, Belt;, to lift up. Caufa- (Ireets are £2o feet broad, and three miles 
 bon, from c-TriTesilKp, Gr.] to make the firil] long. The gates are nine, and cf marble ; 
 
 appearance ; to look thiough a crevice or 
 hole iHly, fo as not to be peictived ; to look 
 cloltly and cnrioufty. 
 
 PEF.P, S, the firll ^pp^arance; a fly look 
 through a crevice or hole. 
 
 PEu'P-HOLE, P£E'PING-HOLE, S. a 
 hole til rough vUiich a peifon may fee without 
 beiii;; leen. 
 
 PE-R, S. lpiiir,Vr.] one of the f^me 
 rank, or equal in excclk-nce or endowments ; 
 a nohlemaii ; a champion, or fellow. 
 
 lo PEER, V. N. fcontr;£tedfrom appear] 
 to come juft in fight ; to look narrowly 
 into. 
 
 ■ PEER.AGE, S. [;a;r/V, Fr.] the dignity 
 of a nol)Icman or peer 5 the body of peers. 
 pK'ERcSS, S. a fcmak of quality. 
 PEERLESS, Adj. without an equ.:l. 
 PE'ERLESSNESS, S. tlie (late of being 
 T3nequ.il'cd. 
 
 I'E'EVISH, Adj. [fuppofed by Junius to 
 be corrupted from pei-ijcife ; biu by Skinner 
 derived from iceijh, in the fame manner as 
 \vc hy iia''p':/b] eafily ofitnucd or made an- 
 gry. Offended at triflt?. 
 
 PE'EVISHLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to be carrlv made angry. 
 
 . rE'i.VI.>HNESS, S. the quality of bcin£ 
 eafily made angry er uneafy. 
 
 PEG, S. [f>e^!Thc, Tent ] a picre of wood 
 driven into a hole inftcad of a nail ; the pins 
 of a niuficul mrtrumcnt by which its (1 rings 
 are ftrained. To uki a peghucr, llgnifies co 
 dcpref', or fink. 
 
 To PEG, V. A. to idiUn v\lth a pointed 
 piece of wood, 
 
 PE'KING, the principal province of all 
 China, and on the moll northern vergrof the 
 cnjplre, bein;; hounded on tlist fide by the 
 great wall wl ifh pints it from Tartary. I' 
 has the province of Honan o>. the S. Xanf; 
 on the \V. the bay or gulph of Vanghai, or 
 the Yellow Sea on the E. It extends from 
 
 being very high, and inclollng a large court 
 with four ftout walls, over which are (lately 
 caltks, both on the city and the country fide. 
 All the ftrects are equally crcuded from the 
 vafl concourfe of people that refort to the coui t, 
 and the prodigious quantity of provifions o£ 
 all furts, belldcs merchandife, that are pouring 
 in from morning tonight; and to thismaylie 
 added the great Itr.te which theCliiticfe in ge- 
 neral affecft. The emperor's palace, with the 
 gardens, lies in the middle of the Tartar city, 
 being a magnificent llrucfture two miles long, 
 and fronting the S. as all public buildings in 
 this coi^ntry do, and about a mile broad I his- 
 palace is fvinou;>ded with two Itout walls, the 
 outer of a prodigious height and thieknefs. 
 Here are no coaches, but people are cr.iried 
 on horlcback, or in chairs ; and even traJef- 
 men ride in their chaifes, both for- expedition 
 and avoiding the dirt in the (Greets, which 
 lenders them as inconvenient in winter af the 
 dufl does in fummcr. The filks and China 
 ware of various kinds, which are expofed tO' 
 fale in the (hops before the trades-people's 
 houfcs, from one end of the flrects to the 
 otli-r, make a very grand and beautiful ap- 
 pe.u'ance. In their houfes they ufe (loves 
 «ith charcoal in cold weather, having no 
 chimneys in them. But what is mort fur- 
 piifing in this va(t metropolis, is the incre- 
 dlbleplenty and cheap nefs of all forts of goods. 
 It ftands in a line, I'pacious, but fandy plain, 
 near th.efootof the mountains, and has a nu- 
 meroiis garrifon as well in the time of peace, 
 as war, bcfidxs the (Irong guard which is kept 
 about the imptriil palace. Lat. 40 deg. 15. 
 min. N. long. 1 1 1 deg. 10 min. E. 
 
 PELF, S. [paife, Norman,, frippery, 
 (c'fci., Sax. abundance of richesj money or: 
 riches. 
 
 PE'LIC.\N, S. \pingan, Fr. pelkanus, 
 Lat.] a bird, of which one fpecies lives upon 
 fifli, and the other on ferpents and reptiles ; 
 
 Jat. 3s to 41 deg. N. Peking is fubdivided i its tendernefs for its young is remarkable 
 
 into cipht fmaller provinces, each of which 'even to a proverb. 
 
 has a capiial from which it is denominated. I PE'LLET, S. [pehte, Fr. fU.i, Lat.] a 
 
 The capital of the v. hole empire of China u 1 little ball j a bullet or ball ; a charge made 
 
 Peking, and it has been the impeiial feat for ■ of chewed paper, *hich is Ihot out of a pop- 
 
 betier than 300 years; but bttoie the xra. of gun. 
 
 -V ... a VT...I.:..,. „.,:.,..4 .k,» PE'LLETED, Adj. confiding of balls 
 
 or bullets. 
 
 the Tartar conqueft, Nanking enjoyed that 
 privilege. It lies about fix miles S. of the 
 famous Chinefe wall, which feparates China 
 from T?.rtai-y, and has a communication, by 
 means of the eartern fca and a large canal, 
 with fomeof the moll confiderable provinces 
 in tiic empire, lying zoo miles W, of the 
 Gang fed, a bay of the great Ealtern ocean. 
 The^ waits of this city are about forty feet 
 hif h, and liankcd with towers ; the circuit is 
 about twenty miles. It confids ©f two large 
 
 cities-, naiiiiriy the Tartarian and theChinele, ment roll called pcuis acce^tsrunt, 
 kclides fuburus, 'I he niunbcr of inhibitaius receipts. 
 
 PE'LLICLE, S. [pellkula, a diminutive of 
 pil'iii, Lat.] a thin ikin 5 a thin film which. 
 gathers upon liquors. 
 
 PE'LLETORY, S. an herb, 
 
 PE'LL-TvIELL, Adv. [pep Kefli, Fr.] 
 confufedly ; in a coofufed manner. 
 
 PELLS, S, [peUh, Lat.j Cleik of the 
 Fells, an officer belonging to the Exchequer, 
 who enters every tellers bill into a parch- 
 the rail of 
 
 PEL-
 
 P E.M 
 
 ^ELLU'CTD, Adj. [pelhcidin, Lat.] clear 
 from dregs j to be lien ih.iouch. 
 
 PELLUCI'DITY, PELLIJ'CIDNESS, S. 
 the quality of a body wliicli renders it fit to 
 be feen through, and free from dregs. 
 
 PELT, S. \pcHis, Lat.J a (kin or hide; 
 the quarry of an hawk torn. 
 
 To PELT, V. A. [from poltcrv. Tout, ac- 
 cording to Skinner, but according to Mr. Lye 
 contraOed ivom pclkt\ to (Irike by throwing j 
 to throw at. 
 
 PELT. MONGER, S. [pelt an-tl monger'] 
 one who deals irt raw hides. 
 
 PE'LTING, Adj. u.^ed by Shakefpear- to 
 lignify mean or paltry. ' 
 
 PE'LVIS, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, the lower 
 ))art of the belly. 
 
 PE'M BR OK E, S. the capital town of Pem- 
 brokcfliire in S. Wales, with a market on 
 Saturdays, and four fairs, on May 14, Tri- 
 nity Monday, Ji:ly 10, and September 25, 
 for cattle, horfes, (heep, and cloth. It is 
 commodioufly feated on the innermod creek 
 of Milford Haven, over which there are t'.vo 
 handfome bridges. It is a place of good ac- 
 count, and is inhabited by fubltantial people. 
 It is furrounded with a wall witli three gates, 
 and has a ftrongcalUe, feated on a rock. It 
 is a corporation, with well-built houfcS; 
 two churches, and the title of an earldom, 
 lending one member to pai liament. It is 10 
 miles S. E. of Haverford Well, and 214! 
 V/. by N. of London. Long. 12 tJ^g- 35 
 min. lat. 51 deg. 4qmin. 
 
 PE'MBROKESHIRt;, S. a county of S. 
 Wales, 37 miles in length, 18 in breadth, 
 and is furrounded on all lides by the fea, ex- 
 cept on the jr. where it is bounded by Car- 
 marthenlhire and Cardiganlhire. It contains 
 4320 houfes, 25920 inhabitants, I45paririies, 
 five market towns, and i6 calHes, befides 
 blockhoufes. It fends three members to par- 
 liament, one for the county, one for Pem- 
 broke, and another for Haverfbrd-Weft. 
 The principal rivers are the lien, the Guala, 
 the Gwin, and the Nevem, befides feveral 
 others of icls note. The hills are barren, 
 but the foil in the valleys and bottoms near 
 tlie fea arc exceeding fertile : however, un 
 many of the mountiins, there are Iheep, 
 goats, and cattle. 
 
 PEN, S. f peuna, Lat.] an inftrument made 
 of a quill, fplit to a certain height, and cut in 
 a peculiar fliape, ufed in writing j a quill or 
 feather j a fmall inclofure, or coop, from 
 pir.na7T, Sax. 
 
 To PEN, V. A. [penvan. Sax.] to coop or 
 Ihut up in a fmall inclofure } to write. 
 
 PE'NAL, Adj. [Fr. parna, Lat.j denounc- 
 ing or exadlinp punilhment. 
 
 PE'NALTY, PENA'LITY, S. [penalitc, 
 Fr.] punilhment; a forfeiture. 
 
 PENCE, the plural of />fKnji, formed by 
 crntraiflion fcom pennies. 
 
 PE'NCIL, S. ycnciL':,;?:, Lnt.] a fmall 
 
 PEN 
 
 j brufh of hairs ufc-d by painters; a kind of pen 
 made <>( bl.tck lead ; any inftrument ufed ia 
 Writing without ink. 
 
 To FE'NCIL, V. A. to paint. 
 PE'NDANT, S. [Fr.J a je.vcl hanging 
 loofcfiom the ear J any thing fufoended by 
 way of orn.Tment. 
 
 PE'NOENCE, S. flopencfs. 
 PE'NDENCY, S. a (late of fiifpcnce, or 
 delay in a i'uit. 
 
 I'E'NDENT, Adj. [pendens, Fr. wrote by 
 fome pendant, from the French] hanging j 
 jetting over ; fupported above <iround. 
 
 PENDING, Adj. [fcndcnu. Fr.] during 
 a fuit thjt is not determined. 
 
 I'ENDULO'SI TY, PE'NDIT^OUSNESS, 
 S. the ftdte or" hanging j fufpenfion. 
 
 PE'NDULOUS, Adj. \pendulus, Lat J 
 hanging, 
 
 PE'NDULU.M, S. [p.ndu!', Fr. penduhs, 
 Lat.] any weight hung to as it may be cafily 
 fwune; backwards and forwards. 
 
 PE'NETRABLE, Adj. [Fr. penctra'Hh, 
 Lat. ] fuch as may be pierced ; fuch as may 
 admit or be affedted by moral and intcllcdua"! 
 motives. 
 
 PENETRABI'LirY, S. the quality of 
 being capable to be pierced, applied to body ; 
 the quality of being afre<fted by motives, ap- 
 plied to the mind. 
 
 PE'NETRAIL, S. [ptr.ctyana^ Let.] Inte- 
 rior parts. 
 
 PE'NETRANCY, S. {penetrant, Fr.] the 
 power to pierce ; fharp, or fubtie. 
 
 To PE'NETRATE, V. A. [per.cratus, 
 Lat. oi penetro. Lat.] to pierce or enter be- 
 yond the furface ; to affia the mind ; to 
 reach the meaning. Ncuterly, to make 
 way. 
 
 PENETRATION, S. [Fr.] the art of 
 piercing or entciing into a body. Entrance 
 or comprehenfion of any difficulty, applied to 
 the undcrflandiiig ; acutenefs, or fagacity. 
 
 PE'NERTATIVE, Adj. piercing, n,arp, 
 fubtie, acute, ordifcerning j having the pow- 
 er to aftft the mind. 
 
 PE'NGyiN, S. \a;:fer m-i^ellamcus, Lat.] 
 a bird, which, though no higher thjn a goofe, 
 yet oftentimes weighs (ixtetn pounds ^ a fruit 
 in I he Weft-Indies of a (harp acid flavour. 
 
 PENI NSULA, S. [ffom'pene, Fr. almoft, 
 and inula, Lat. an ilUndJ ;: piece of land 
 furrounded by water, excepting in one part, 
 by which it is joined to the continent. 
 
 FENI'NSULATED, Adj. almoft fur- 
 rounded wirli \^ater. 
 
 PE'NITENCE S. [Fr. penilentin, Lat.] 
 forrow forfjn, at'cnded with amendment of 
 life, and change of the atTeclions. 
 
 PE'NIfENT, Adj. [Fr. tcf:itfns, Lat.] 
 forrowful for paft lins,and refulutcly bent on 
 amending life. 
 
 PE'NITENT, S. one forrowful for part 
 tranf].nefnons, and refoiute tu abUain from 
 them for the future. 
 
 Z-2 i PE'N-
 
 PEN 
 
 PEN 
 
 PF.NITE'NTIAL, Adj. cxprefTing forrow j habitcJ by upwards of 250,000 penple of dif- 
 
 fer part fills. Admitted to penance 
 
 PEN'I rfNTIAR-Y, S. one who piofcribes 
 the rules and meafures of penance. One 
 who does penance. The place where penance 
 is enjoined. 
 
 PE'NITENTLY, Adv, with repentance 
 or forro*'^' for fin, and amendment of life. 
 
 PE'NKNIFE, S. a knife ufed in making 
 pens. 
 
 PE'NMAN, S. one who profefles the art 
 of wvitine- An author or writer. 
 
 PE'NNACHRD, Adj. { p^nTiJche, Fr.] in 
 botany, spplicd to flowers, the groiinrt of 
 whofe leaves are naturally radiated and diver- 
 fified without confufion, 
 
 PE'NNANCF, S. [ f>c!iet:ce„o\d Fr.] in- 
 fliflion «r mortification eitherpublic or private, 
 fufftieJ as an expreflion of repentance for fin. 
 PE'NNANT, S. [pennon, Fr.] an cnfign, 
 colvUirs, or fmall flag. A rope for hoiiling 
 things on board. 
 
 PE'NNATED, S. [feanat'/s, Lat.] wing- 
 ed ; in botany, applied to thofe leaves which 
 grow exadly'oppofitc to each other, on the 
 fume ftalk. 
 
 PE'NMILESS, Adj. without money 
 
 PE'NNY, S. [plural peine, fiom fcnig, Sax. 
 
 fer.riinck, Teut. ptm'.irg, Dan. per.ning, Swed.] 
 
 a fmall coin in value four farthings, or the 
 
 tweh'th part of a fhilling, 
 
 fercnt religions, nations, and languages; and 
 amon;:; thefe are numbers of Germans, Dutcli, 
 Swedes, French refugees, &c. who yet live 
 together in great harmony : and this has alfo 
 its due influence on the rude Indians 
 
 In tins country there are trees, c.ittle, and 
 grain of all forts. Its trade, with refpeft to 
 Europe and America, confitts in hoifes, pipe- 
 flaves, falc pork, beef, and filh. They im- 
 port in return from theCaribl)ee iflands, rum, 
 fugar, mobiles, fait, and wine; from Great- 
 Britain, houlhold-goods, cloathing, hard- 
 ware, tools, and toy;. 
 
 If within fi'/e j'ears after any law has paded 
 in this province, the time limited for deliver- 
 ing a tranfcii.t of it, his M:)jcfly does not 
 repeal it in fix months from the delivery of 
 fuch tranfciipt, the crown cannot do it after- 
 wards. 
 
 Penfylvania is fubdivided into fix counties, 
 namely, three upper and three lower. The 
 upper are, Buckingham, Philadelphia, and 
 Chefter ; thefe being the Penfylvania, fo call- 
 ed in king Charles Il's grant. The three 
 lower counties are, Newcaftle, Kent, and 
 Suffex, the lafl of thefe being in fome maps 
 called ElTex. 
 
 The upper counties end at Marcus-hook, 
 four miles below Chefler-town. The lower 
 run along the coalt near ic: miles. The river 
 
 PE'NNYP.OYAL, S. an herb of a fra- Delaware, both above and below the falls for 
 
 grant fmell, ufsd in medicine 
 
 PE'NNY-WEIGHT, S. a wsight con- 
 taining 24 grains in troy weight. 
 
 PE'N'NY WISE, Adj. faving fmall fums 
 at the hazard of grc.iter. 
 
 PE'NNY WORTH, S. as much as can be 
 bou»ht for a penny. A puichafe. Something 
 tcuglit for lefs than it is worth. A fmall 
 quantity. 
 
 PENSYLVA'MTA, one of the Britifli ca 
 lonies in North America, fo denominated 
 from the proprietary Mr. Penn, who was of 
 the people called^Qiiakers, of which fed there 
 is here a majority. It lies between I.it. 39 and 
 42 deg. N. and between long. 4- and 4S deg. 
 \V. It is bounded on the E. by Delaware river 
 and bay, with the Atlantic ocean ; on theN. 
 a-d W' by Canada : and on the S. by Mary- 
 land ; being about 200 miles h^ng. and alinoft 
 the fame in breadth, but in fome parts very 
 narrow. The country is v^cll watered, not 
 only by the Del.iwarc, but by other navigable 
 rive'rr, which carry Luge fliirs up into this pro 
 vince. The original founder of this republic 
 as it were, namely, Wiiii'.m Penn, made the 
 mofl pei feif\ freedom, both religious and civil, 
 the bafis of this efl-ab!i!hn-.ent ; fo that there 
 is a general toleration for all denominations of 
 Chrillians. The heirs of Penn (who fird ob- 
 tained the patent for it in 1680) appoint the 
 governor and his council : but the houfe of 
 icprefentativcs are cliofen by the freemen of 
 iLe nroviiice, This flourilhing province is in- 
 
 a confiderablc way, is called the Tjelhes ; and 
 near its mouth are marches, which are very 
 fertile. The capital of Penfylvania is Phila- 
 delphia, the tr.ifts twenty five to fixty miles 
 aoove, which are but thinly inhabited and 
 planted. 
 
 PE'NSILE, Adj. [pefijilis, Lat.] hanging, 
 fufpended, or fupported above ground. 
 PE'NSILENESS, S. the fl.te of h^nping. 
 PE'NSION.S. [Fr.] a yearly allowance 
 given to a perfon bv the court. 
 
 To PE'NSTON.'V, A. to fupport by an 
 annuril allownnce. 
 
 PE'NSIONARY, Adj. {penjlonralre, Fr.] 
 maintained by penfi.ons or a (fated allowance. 
 PE'NSIONER, S. one fupported by vo- 
 luntary allowance from another, 
 
 PE'N^IVE, Adj. [peri/ifjVr. pe>:/:vo, Ital. 
 TrayJoc, Gr.] fonowful ; mournfully ferious 
 and thoughtful. 
 
 PE'NSi'VELY, Adv. in a mournful and 
 thoughtful manner. 
 
 PE'NSIVENESS, S. the quality of being 
 mournfully thought-ful. 
 
 PENT, Part.pali; cfPc««. 
 PENTACA'PSUL.^.R, Adj. f-irivr:-, Gr. 
 five, and capfuia, Lst.] having five cells or 
 cavities. 
 
 PE'NTACHORD, S. [Gr] an inftrument 
 having five firings. 
 
 PE'NTAGON. S. [Fr. from warn and 
 ycvict, Gr.] a mathematical figure having fivs 
 angles, 
 
 4 PEN-
 
 PEP 
 
 PFNTA'GONAL, Adj. havlngfive angles. 
 PENTA'.VIETFR, S. [Lat.j aLatinverfe 
 confifting of five feet. 
 
 PENTA'NGULAR, Auj. [wlyrf, and an- 
 g^ila/ ] five cornered. 
 
 I'ENTAPE'TALOUS, Adj. [Trhrt, and 
 fetalci, Lat.] a fiower confirtinii of five leaves. 
 Pr-'NTA' PAST, Adj. f ti^.te, and awa'a), 
 Gr.] an engine with five pullies. 
 
 PlNTA'SCICK, S. iTrr.r-s and ri^'^."' 
 
 Gr. ] a coiTipofition confifiing of five veifcs 
 
 PE'NTAS'l YLE, S. [tteWe, and c-raXof, 
 
 Gr.] in Arcl;itc(fture, a worii in which are 
 
 five rows of cohimns. 
 
 PE'NT.ATEUCH, S. the five books of 
 Mofe';, namely, Gen. Exod. Levit. Nuinb. 
 and Dent. 
 
 PF'NTECOST, S. [Fr. rfvlEx^ri, fifty J 
 a feafl of the Jews, fo called from its being 
 celebrated the_/^';(r//6 day after the fixteenth of 
 Nifan : it if called by the Hebrews the fcafi 
 of weeks, bccaufe kept k-^f^n. weeks after the 
 Paflbver. The firft fruits were offered at this 
 time, and it was inflitiitcd to oblige the If- 
 raelites to repair to the temple, to acknow- 
 ledge the Lord's domin'-on, and to render 
 thanks tor the law which was given from 
 Sinai Vc.c ffiletb day after their coming out 
 of Egypt. It correfponds with the Chrifiians 
 W'hitfuniide, for which we fometimes life it. 
 
 PE'NTKOUSE, b. { pert, (rom penteyYv. 
 an houfc] a Ihed hanging out sflope from the 
 main wall. 
 
 PE'NTICE, S. [pcndlce, Ital.] a fiop'uig 
 roof j a fhed. 
 
 PE'NTILE, S. a tile made for covering 
 the floping part of a roof. 
 
 PENU'LTIME, S. [Lat.] the lafl: fyllable 
 but one. 
 
 PENU'MBRA, S. [fene, almoft, and um- 
 hia, Lat. a fhadowj an imperfc£l (hadow. 
 
 PENU'RIOUS, Adj. [penurw, Lat.] fpar- 
 ing in expenee from a gioundlefs fear of po- 
 verty. Scanty. 
 
 PENU'RIOUSLY, Adv. in a niggardly, 
 fparing, and fcanty manner. 
 
 PENU'RIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 being fparing in expences from an immode- 
 rat.; and groundlefs apprchenlion of poverty. 
 
 PE'NURY, S. [penuria, Lat.] want of 
 money or HecefJaries. 
 
 PEO'NY, S. [pesnia, Lat J a plant which 
 bears a red fiower expanded in the form of a 
 rofe, which turns to an oblong fruit or head^ 
 containing many feeds. 
 
 PE'OPLE, S. [pronounced peepk, from 
 petiple, Fr. populus, Lat ] a nation or com- 
 munity. 'J he vulgar or commonalty. 
 
 To PE'OPLK, V. A. [pepukr, Fr.] to fill 
 with inhabitants. 
 
 PEPA'STICKS, S. [^Ewaivo), Gr.] me- 
 dicines which are good to help the rawnefs 
 of the flomach, and digeft crudities. 
 
 PE'PPER, S. [/,/^tfr, Lat.] a vvaini fpice, 
 of which there are leyeraj fpecies. 
 
 PER 
 
 To PE'PPER, V. A. to fprinkic with 
 pepper. Figuratively, to beat or mingle, ei- 
 ther with blows ot fhot. 
 
 PE'PPERMINT, S. mint remarkably hot. 
 
 Pli'PFfcRWORT, S, a plant. 
 
 PE'PSIS, S. the concodtion or fermen- 
 tarion of viduals and humours in a human 
 body. 
 
 EE'PTIC, Adj. [-niTfwo.;, Gr.] what af- 
 fifts digefHon. 
 
 PE'i\.Al:DT£, Adj. [peracutus, Lat.] very 
 fliarp. 
 
 PERADVE'NTURE, Adv. [parad'-jen- 
 I::/-, Fr. ] perhaps; by cHance. 
 
 To PERA'GRATE, V. A. [per:,gro,Lat.] 
 to travel or wander over. 
 
 PERAGRA'TION, S. the ad of pafllng 
 through any (late or fnace. 
 
 To PERA'MBLTLATE, V. A. [ peram- 
 iulo, Lat.] to walk through ; to furvey Ijy 
 pairing til lo ugh. 
 
 PERAMBULA'TION, S. thea£l of pafT- 
 ing through or wandering over ; a travelling 
 furVcy.N 
 
 PE'RCEANT, Adj. [percanr, Fr.] pierc- 
 ing ; penetrating. 
 
 PERCE'IVAGLE, Adj. that which is pro- 
 peily an obje(n: of the fenle or underllanding, 
 and may be difcovered by either. 
 
 PERCE'IVABLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to be difcovered by the fcnfcs or 
 mind. 
 
 To PERCE'IVE, V. A. [perce-z^oir, Fr. 
 perciplo, Lat.] to difcover by means of the 
 lenfes or unde; {landing. To know, or ob- 
 
 PERCEPTISI'LITY, S. the (late of be- 
 ing difcovered by the mind or fenfes. The 
 power of perceiving. 
 
 PERCE'P ! IBLE, S. [Fr.] fuch as may 
 be perceived by the mind or fenfes. 
 
 PERCE'PTIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner 
 as may be perceived by the fenfes or mind, 
 
 PERCE'PTION,^S. [Fr. pcrcepth, Lat.] 
 the acT:, pafTIon, or iniprefilon, whereby the 
 mind becomes conlcious of any thing. The 
 act or power of perceiving. An idea or no- 
 tion. 
 
 PERCE'PTIVE, Adj. [peneptus, Lat.j 
 having the power of perceiving. 
 
 PERCH, S. [perca, Lat. pe-che. Fr.] a 
 fiih of prey, with a hooked or hog back, 
 armed with lliff bridles: its fkin is covered 
 with thick hard fcaies j it has two fins on 
 its i)ack, and carries its teeth in its mouth. 
 A meafure containing 5 yiirdsand a half, I'roni 
 pcrche, Fr. pet ilea, Lat. A Hick on which 
 birds fupport themfelves when tliey rooft, 
 from percht, Fr. 
 
 To PERCH. V. N. \pcrchen, Fr ] to fit 
 on a ftick like a bird at roolt. Atlivelyj to 
 place un a perch. 
 
 PERCHA'NCE, Adv. perhaps; peraj. 
 venture 
 
 PFRCHERS.'S, Palis csudlcs aiicienWy 
 Z 2 J ui<.d
 
 PER 
 
 Vifed in England ; slfo the larger fort of wax- 
 tandies, ufually pLiccd upon tlic altars. 
 
 PERCI'PIKnT, Adj. \pcrc![>u-r.s, Lat.] 
 confcious of the prefence or impicffion of an 
 
 PERCl'PTCNT, S. one that has the pow- 
 er of perceivinj^ 
 
 To Fi-yRCOLATE, V. A. [fercolatus, 
 fjom p yjcJ;:, Lat. 1 to Civd'm thmngh. 
 
 PERCOLATION, S. the art of piiiifying 
 1 V ftrainin;;;. 
 
 'To 1'h.RCU'SS, V. A [ferr.ps, Lat J to 
 fir; he. 
 
 PERCU'SSTOM, S. [Fr. pcra/J/Io, Lat.] 
 the act of drikh''.,': ; a ftrohe. 
 
 PtRCU'lir.NT, Adj. [pcnuu-Ks, Lat.] 
 fliikiug ; having the power to flrike. 
 
 PERDi'Tlok, S. [?r.pcrdi:io^?\..'] de- 
 flrmfHon : deatli ; lofs or ruin. In fciipiurc, 
 ctern;il dei'h or dcflrtiftion. 
 
 PE'RDU:-'. Adv. [perdue, Fr. a forlorn 
 hope, or advanced ccnthielj clofc and undif- 
 covcrcd. 
 
 Pfc.'RDULOUS, Adj. [from fc-.d:, Lat.] 
 loft ; tliro'.vn :;w;iv. 
 
 PERDU'KABLE, Adj. |^Fr.] lafting j long 
 continued. Not in uff. 
 
 PERUU'RACLY, Adv. in a lafting man- 
 rcr. 
 
 PERnURA'TIOj;, S. [pcydu-o, Lat.] 
 long continii .nee 
 
 ToPLRE'GRINATE, V.N. \ pn-e^nnus, 
 Lut.] to trnvtl into fo ei^n co'.intric?. 
 
 PEREGRlNA'TiOlvT, S. [ paigrlnus, 
 Lit.] travel or aliode in foreign countries. 
 
 PE'REGRINE, Adj. foreign j not native j 
 not domeiiic. 
 
 To Pi RE'IMPT. V. A. f/fra^/.-ii, Lat.] 
 in Tvaw, to cvufli, to Isill. 
 
 r,ERE':\IPrOR[LY, Adj. \f\om peremp- 
 tory] aljfohitcly; To ?s to cut off further de- 
 Lv or dehiiie. 
 
 't'ERV'.'MPTORINES<i, S. [horn perttr.p- 
 tory] pol'tvcncfs that will nr-t admit of dif- 
 piite orcontradi(fc;;)n. 
 
 PEiiEMPTORY, Adj. \ perc:}:ptche, I*r 
 fremptv;, L'.t. fKlIkdJ pofitive, fn as to ad- 
 mit of no delay, difpute, or contradi£ti' n. 
 
 rE."lE'NNtAL, Adj. \perenr.h,\yAt.^^ laft- 
 ing through the year j perpetual or unceaf- 
 ing. 
 
 PFRF/NNITY, S. [ peroujltas, Lat.] the 
 qnaiify of h'fting the year round. , 
 
 PE'RFECT, Adj. I per/caws, Lat.] free 
 from dcFei't witJi reQ^e^l to parts, compoli- 
 tion, fkiil, or abilities. 
 
 •lo PE'RFr.CT, V. A. [pe-fff?!-r, from 
 ffrf.c'.o, Lat.] to compleat or linilh any 
 thin? ; to fiipply dcfeds ; to inftruift com- 
 plcicly. 
 
 PE'.FE'CTTON, S. fPr. pcrftFth, Lat." 
 the fr;<te of enjoying every thing that belongs 
 to a thinp free from redundancy ordcfert ; a 
 fuf.trr.c excellence;, an attiibute, applied to 
 t> e Dtiiy. 
 
 PER 
 
 To PERFE'CTIONATE, V. A. to mak« 
 perfect. 
 
 PERFE'GTIVE, Adj. conducing to com- 
 plete, or to remove all defects. 
 
 FEP.FE'CriVfLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to remove all dcfcffs. 
 
 PE'ilFlLC I'LY, Adv. in a manner free 
 from defccls. 
 
 FE'RFECTNESS, S. the quality of en- 
 joying every thing belonging to its ftate or 
 nature. 
 
 PERFI'DIOUS, Adj. {ferf.Ai,s,l.z.\..'] 2.(\- 
 ing contrary to the faith or coiifidence repof. 
 e,l in owe. 
 
 PfRFIDJOrsLY, Adv. in a manner in- 
 confiftcnt wi*h t!ie confidence placed in one. 
 
 PERFJ'DIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 betraying a perfon who confides in us. 
 
 PE'RFIDY, S. [perfdie, Fr. perfdhi, Lat.'} 
 breach of faith; the art of betraying thofe 
 who confide iii one. 
 
 To PERFLA'tE, V. A. [perjo, Lat.] to 
 blow througli. 
 
 PF.RFLa'TILE, Adj. blowing through 
 or ftrongly. 
 
 PERFLATION, S. [from perfate] the aft 
 of tilowing through. 
 
 To PE'RFORATE, V. A. [perforatus, 
 Lst. from pcrfo'o, Lat. J to pierce or bore a 
 hole v.itli a tool. 
 
 PERFORATION, S. the art of piercing 
 or boi ing ; a liolc made by boring. 
 
 PF.RFO'RCE, Adv. by violence. 
 
 PERFO'RM, V. A. \performare. Ital.]to 
 execute, art, or to do ; to accomplifh a dcfign' 
 or undertaking. N'euterly, to fucceed in an 
 a'tenipt ; to art on the ftage, or play a piece of 
 mufic. 
 
 PERFO'RMANCE, S. the execution of a 
 defign ; the completion of a promifc; a work 
 or compofition j an artion, or fomething 
 done. 
 
 PERFO'RMFR, S. one that executes or 
 performs any thing, generally applied to an 
 ai tif: who gives a fpecimen of his flcill iri 
 public. 
 
 ■fo PE'RFRICATE,V. N. [/o/;;Vo, Lat.] 
 to rub over. 
 
 PERFU'ME, S. {parfiKc, Fr.] an agree- 
 able odour, compofed by art, and ufed to 
 give other things a flagrant fcent. Fra- 
 grance. 
 
 To PERFU'MF,, V. A. to make a thing 
 fmell agreeably by art ; to fcent. 
 
 PERT- U'MER, S. one who makes and fells 
 arlii'icJ.il odours. 
 
 PERFU'NCTORILY, Adv. [pcrfunnerli, 
 Lat. j in a carelefs or negligent r-nanner. 
 
 PkRFU'.M :T0KY. Adv. [pcrfunFtcrius, 
 Lat.] care'efs ; flight ; negligent. 
 
 To I'ERFU'Sl-, V. A. \pcr/„ft!s, Lat ] to 
 overf|.re:,d; to tinrture or ipread through. 
 
 FERH.A'PS, Adv. I per, and bjps] per- 
 advcnture ; it may be fo. 
 
 PE'RIAPT, S. [7r:,-;3.'7r», Gr j a charm, 
 
 which,
 
 P E R 
 
 •which, being tied about the neck, is believed 
 to expel all dil'eafes, 
 
 PERICA'RDIUM, S. [Lnt. from mpi, 
 and KsfSia, Gr.] a thin membrane refembling 
 a purfe, and containing the licart in its ca- 
 vity; its life is to contain a quantity of dear 
 ■water to keep the heart muilt. 
 
 PtRICA'RPlUM, S. [-Lat.J in Botany, 
 a thin -rricmbrane encompaffing the fruit or 
 grain of a plant. 
 
 •FERICRA'NIUM, S. [Lat.] a thin and 
 nervous membrane, of exquifite fenfe, which 
 •covers the cranium or head immediately, and 
 invelops all tlie l)ones in a human body. 
 
 PERI'CULOUS, Adj. [fcrkulcfui, Lat.] 
 <?angerous; hazardous. 
 
 I'ERIE'RGY, S. [TTfpi, and hyov, Gr.] 
 ncedlefs ciution or troulile in an operation. 
 
 PEPvlGIiE', PERIGE'UM, S. [from 7re,i, 
 perl, Gr. about, and yn, ^^ee, Gr. the earth I a 
 .point wherein a planet is at its nearcfl podi- 
 •i>le diftance from the earth. 
 
 PEPvIHE'LIUM, S. that part of a planet's 
 orbit vyherein ic is nearell to the fun. 
 
 PERIL, S, fFr. pcng/io. Ital. pmkel, 
 J3elg. /Ji'iiia/V/w, Lat.T a ftate wherein a per- 
 ibn is (^xpofed to lofs, diftafe, or death ; a 
 dange>' threatened. 
 
 ■ PE'RI.-OL'S, AJj. !"/r.-;/«.v, Fr.] expofed 
 fto a danger or calamity. 
 
 I-'E'RILOUSLY, Adv. in a dangerous 
 •manner. 
 
 PE'RILOUSNES<^, S dangeroirfnefs. 
 
 PrRI'MEIER, S. {pcrmetre, Fr.J the 
 .rompafs or Aim of all the fides that bound 
 any figure. 
 
 PE'KJOD, S, [;f;-.W^,,Fr. Trsp.'S^j, Gr.] 
 a circuit. A fpace of time in which any re- 
 volution of the planets is performed, which 
 ■begins again. A dated number of years, 
 days, or hours, in which things are performed 
 and repeated. 7 he end or conclufion. The 
 ftate at wh;ch any thing terminates. Dura- 
 tion. Jn gr.immar, a complete ftrnlence from 
 • one full ftop to another. In Printing, apaufe 
 .or mark, denoting a complete ientence, 
 thus (.) 
 
 PERIQ'DIC, PERIO'DTCAL, Adj. \pen- 
 
 ■ tdique, Fr. ] making a circuit or revolution. 
 Happening or returning at a flated time, 
 
 PERIO'DICALLY, Aciv. at ftated times. 
 
 PERIO'STEUM, S. [trt^i, Gr. and c^iov, 
 *Gr.] a membrane of ey.cjuilite fenfe, covering 
 all the bones. 
 
 PERI'PHERY, S. [rn^i, Gr. and (fsf'-jGr-] 
 the circumference. 
 
 To PE'RIPHRASE, V. A. [pcripkrafer, 
 Fr.] to exprefs by circumlocution. 
 
 PERiPHRA'SLS, S. [Gr.] the a^ of 
 expreding the fenfe of one word by many ; 
 as \vhea we fay, the lofs of life, for 
 death. 
 
 PERIPNEU'MONY, S. [tte^i, and wvsu- 
 ^m, Gr.J an inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 To P£'RI3H, V. N. [/fr,V, Fr, peiio. 
 
 PER 
 
 Lat.J to die ; to be deflroyed. A£llvc-!y, to 
 dellroy, dec:ty, or impair. 
 
 PE'RISHACLE, Adj. liable to pcrilh or 
 Jfcay. 
 
 I'E'RISHABLENESS, S. liablenefs to 
 decay or deftruftion. 
 
 PERI.STA'LTJC, Adj. \ penflahlaue, Fr. 
 TTE^i^sXAi;, Gr.J applied to the vciniicular or 
 wavering motion of the guts, by which the 
 excrements ire prcfled down vvurd^T".d vf'-.!'jd. 
 
 PERIS I E'RIOM, S. the herb vervain. 
 
 PKRISTY'LE, S. [Fr.] a circular range 
 of pillars 
 
 P::RISY'.ST()LE, S. rGr]the pa-; • ^r 
 intc-vai batvvccn ihc two motions of the I-.e.irt 
 or puife 
 
 PF.RITG'XEUM, S. [Gr ] a thin, foft 
 membrane, wbich enclofcs all the bowels ia 
 the lower Ijclly. 
 
 To PE'Rjl'RE, v. A. [pcjuro, Lnt.] 
 to Avear a thing a perfon knows to be 
 falfe. 
 
 PE'RJUROR. S. one that fwcars falfsly. 
 
 PE'RJURV, S. the act of Aveui:;>i 
 i^ifely. 
 
 PE'RRIWIG, S. [perruot,e, Fr] hair 
 woven on thread fcwed on a cawl, and wnrn 
 by a perfon iufreLid of his own hair. 
 
 To PERRI WIG, V. A. to drtfs in falfs 
 hair. 
 
 PERRIWINCLE, S afmall .Ojeil-fifh, a 
 kind of (ba fnaii. In I.'otany, a p!anr. 
 
 To PERK, V. N. [from pfrch] te hold 
 up ihe head with an afTccted brifKnefs. To 
 drefs or a.Jom. 
 
 PE'RMAK-ENCE, P.E'RMANEN'CY, S. 
 the quality of continuing' Ion ('in the fame frate. 
 
 PERMANENT, Adj. (p.rmaner.s^, Lat.J 
 dui-able, continuing, lafling. 
 
 PERMANENTLY, Adv. in a durable 
 manner. 
 
 PERMEABLE, Adj. \i\om pcrmco, Lat.j 
 fuch as may be palTtid through. 
 
 To PE'RMEATE, V. A.[perfneatus,1.^t.] 
 to pafs th'ough. 
 
 PIRMEATION, S. the aft of palling 
 through. 
 
 Pp:RMI'.=iCIBLE, Adj. [from pennifceo, 
 Lat.] fuch a* may ht mixed. 
 
 PERMI'S.SIBLE, Adj. {p;rrr.]J]us , Lat.J 
 what may be permitted. 
 
 PERM I'SS ION, S. [Fr.] a grant; allow- 
 ance. Leave to do any thing. 
 
 PERMI'SSIVE, Adj. \[>nWfu!, Lat.] 
 granting or giving leave ; not hindering tho' 
 not approving. 
 
 PERMI'SSIVELY, Adv. by bare allow- 
 ance, without hindrance or approbation. 
 
 To PERMPT, V, A. ipfnmtto, Lat 1 to 
 allow, grant, or fuffer, without commanding, 
 authoriling, or approving- 
 
 PERMI'T, S. a written warrant for fend- 
 ing goods from one phcc to another. 
 
 PERMIT TANCK, S. allowance. Want 
 or forbearance of oppofithn, 
 
 Z ~ 4 PER'
 
 PER 
 
 PERMI'XTION, S. [from permi/Ius, Lat.] 
 tlie ad of mingling ; the flate of being 
 mingled. 
 
 PERMUTATION, S. [Fr. fennutatio, 
 Lat. J the exchanec of one thing for another. 
 T.i PERMU'TE, V. A. [pcrmuto, Lat-l to 
 exchange. 
 
 PERNI'CIOUS, Adj. [penikkux, Tr.per- 
 mc'iofus, Lat.] mifchicvous in the highefl de- 
 gree ; dedruftive. 
 
 PERNI'- lOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to deOroy or ruin. 
 
 PERNI'CIOUSNESS, S. the quality of 
 being dcQruilive. 
 
 PERNl'CITY, S. {pernix, Lat.] fwift- 
 nefs. " Great fvv:ftnefs or pern'ulry." Ray. 
 
 r; RORA'TION, S [perorano, Lat.] the 
 conclulion ©f an oration. 
 
 To Pi:.RPE'ND, V. A. \perpendo, Lat.] to 
 ponder on orconfider attentively. 
 
 PERPSNDI'CULAR, Adj. [pcrpsndku- 
 laii-e, Fr. ferf>ci:dkuUrh, Lat.] cro.ling any 
 thing at right angles. Straight or upright. 
 
 PERPENDI'CULAR, S. a line crofling 
 the horizon at right angles. 
 
 rEPvPENDl'-'ULARLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 
 manner as to cut another line at right anjiics. 
 
 In the direiftion of a lirait line up and down. 
 
 PERPENDICULA'PvITY.S. theflateof 
 
 being perpendicular. 
 
 PKRPE'NSIO.V, S. [ivom perper.d} con- 
 fideration. 
 
 ToPE'RPETRATE, V. A. [pcrpetram, 
 Lat.] to commit any crime. 
 
 PERPETRA'TION', S. the acfl of com- 
 mitting any crime. Figuratively, a crime. 
 
 PERPE'TOAl., Ad.].''{pcrpetue!, Fr. per- 
 petuus. Lie] never ceafing ; continual. 
 
 PERPETUALLY, Adv. without inter- 
 mifijoD or ceafmg. 
 
 To PERPE'TUATE, V. A. [pc-petuer, 
 Fr. pcrpetuu'., Lat.] to make perpetual j to 
 eternize i to continue without ccilation or in- 
 termi.Tion 
 
 PERPETUA'TIC>:, S. the aft of making 
 immortal, or prefciving from, oblivion. 
 
 PERPETU'ITY, S. [perpetiiue, Fr.] du- 
 ration to all futurity. Something which has 
 no end. 
 
 To PERPLE'X, V. A. \perphxus, Lat.] 
 to diflurb with doubts, ambiguities, or dif- 
 ficulties. To make ditticuk. To torment 
 or vex. 
 
 PERPLE'X, Adj. [Fr. p^pkxus, Lat.] 
 diirictiit ; ambiguous j intricate. 
 
 PERPLE'XEDNESS, S. the qu.ility which 
 renders the judgment unable to determine. 
 Intricacy; anxiety of mind. 
 
 PERFLE'XriY, S. [pcrpkxlui; Lat.] 
 anxiety ; entanglement ; intricacy. 
 
 PE'KQL'ISITE, S. [perqulfitus, Lat.] 
 fomething »iven to a perfon as a gratuity. 
 
 PERC^ISI'TION, S. [pe>qu\f.tus, Lat] 
 an accurucc CH<iuiry j a ftrift and thorough 
 isirch. 
 
 PER 
 
 PE'RRY, S. [pdre, Fr. a pear] cyder 
 made of pear.s. 
 
 To PE'RSECUTE, V. A. [perfecutcr,Yr. 
 perjccurr/s, Lat. J to fubjeft to pains, Igfles, or 
 imprlfonments on account of opinions j to 
 purfue with malice ; to troubie aperfoii with 
 inceflant importunity. 
 
 PERSECUTION, S. the aft of inflifting 
 penalties, or fubjtfting to punifhments for 
 opinions; the ftateof beini^ pcrfecuted. 
 
 PERSECUTOR, S. [feyfecuteur, Fr.] 
 one that infiifts pains, penalties, or Iofles,on 
 aconmt of his opinions. One that harrafles 
 another with maJice. 
 
 PERSEVE'RANCE, S fPr. formerly ac- 
 cented on the fecond fyllable] fteadinefs or 
 continuance Ih any purpofc, defign, or opi- 
 nion, notwithfianJing oppofilion. 
 
 P ERSE' VER ANT, Adj. conftant ; per- 
 fifting. 
 
 To PERSEVERE, V. N. [perfiwrer, Fr. 
 perfe-jero, Lat.] to perfiit in an attempt, not- 
 withfianding oppofition. 
 
 PERSEVE'RIN'GLY, Adv. with perfcve- 
 rance. 
 
 PE'RSIA, S. a vaft empire in Afia, lying 
 between lat. 25 and 45 deg. N. and between 
 long. 45 and 67 deg. E. It is upwards of 
 I2CO miles in length, and almoft the fame 
 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by part 
 of RulTia, the Cafpian Tea, and the caunlry 
 of the Ufbeck and independent Tartars ; on 
 the E. by the Mogul en^pire, from which 2, 
 ridge of mountains and the Indus divide it ; 
 on the S. it has the Arabian fea, which is 
 a part of the ocean and the Perfian gulph ; 
 and on the VV. it has Georgia and Aran, or 
 ancient Armenia, from which tlie rivers Kar 
 and Aros pait it; and likewife the Tigris 
 and Euphrates, which feparate it from the 
 Turkifii empire in Aiia. Anciently Perfta 
 comprehended, be.'ldes fcveral fmaller ftates, 
 the three powerful nations of Media, Perfia, 
 and Parthia. Its limits on the fide of India 
 have been extended further vteflward by the 
 late Ko"h Ken, who added to Perfia all the 
 Indian provinces on the W. fide of the In- 
 dus ; and tliefe the Great Mogul confirmed 
 to him, upon rclinqiiiihing, in 1739, his 
 conqueft cf the provinces lying E. of that 
 river. The bounderies of Perfia, on the fide 
 of Turkey, cannot be exaftly afccrtained ; for 
 though the Tigris near its mouth forms part 
 of the wefiern limits, the Turks and Per- 
 fians are not agreed with regard to the pro- 
 vinces that lie further N. on that river. The 
 temperature of the au-, in Perfia, varies ac- 
 cording to the pofition of the ditfl-rent pro- 
 vinces. It is generally extreme hot in fum- 
 nier, as lying under the tropic of Cancer ; 
 and even the winds are {o hot for three 
 months in tlie 3'ear, that there is hardly any 
 ftirring abroad about noon, without endan- 
 gering life : for blowing from the eaftward 
 over vaft r<»adj_, they occafion 3, heat equal
 
 PER 
 
 PER 
 
 fco that of an oven ; but then thefe winds are | cloth, filk, or leather. Silk 15 the ftsj'le 
 refielhed by cool breezes in the afternoon, commodity of Perlia, of which they make 
 1 his fuUrinefs is particularly found along the taffetics, tabbies, fattins, (luffs mixed vii;h 
 
 fea-coa(ts of the ibuthern provinces; and it 
 often proves mortal to Europeans, particu- 
 larly fuch as arc addided to intemperance. 
 In Perlia they have very little water, and 
 hardly a river large enough to carry a boat. 
 Sometimes a tr.ivtller docs not meet vvith 
 water for whole days togetiier : but no place 
 hu.HDands it better than they do here ; for 
 they colle(a: all their little dreams and fprings 
 and turning tliem into one channel, diiccl 
 their courfe towards their towns, cultivated 
 fields and gardens, fometimes for the fpace of 
 forty or fifty miles. The country is very 
 much incumbered with mountains, lume of 
 which are very high, r.nd rocks generally 
 barren, without tree or herbage: but they 
 have feveral fertile valleys, where lie their 
 large towns ; particularly the part on the 
 Caipian fea cannot be exceeded by any coun- 
 try in fraitfulnefs : but in other regions the 
 barrennefs is chiefly owing to the fcarcity of 
 its prcfent inhabitants, ind likewife to their 
 (loth, for anciently there was not a more 
 plentiful country in the world than Perfia. 
 Its principal produce is rice, wheat, and bar- 
 ley ; the melons here are excellent, and in 
 great quantities, having no lels than twenty 
 ditferent fpecies, which the common people 
 feed on in the fealon : alfo cucumbers, deli- 
 cious apricots, and large peaches. 1 hey have 
 feveral /brts of wine. The palm-tree is cure- 
 fully cultivated, efpecially in the gardens, 
 which befides produce a great vaiiety of roots 
 and vegetables. The dat<;s are delicious, 
 and, being laid in heaps, they candy them- 
 fclves. The country produces rhubarb, fen- 
 na, and many other mineral drugs ; they 
 have alfo pi'.lachio-nuts and other fruits. 
 The Perfians are more luxurious in their eat- 
 ing than the Turks ; and make ufe of ice 
 even in winter, but never of fnow. A great 
 many take opium. The horfcs of Perfia are 
 the finelt in all the Eaft : their camels and 
 dromedaries are the moft ufeful animals for 
 tranfporting of merchandile over the fandy 
 defarts, fome of them carrying neai- a thou- 
 sand weight, and travelling for feveral days 
 without water j they have mules, oxen, buf- 
 faloes, and two forts of afles ; the one flow 
 and heavy, like ouis, and another light and 
 graceful ; likewife large (iocks of (heep and 
 goats. They are fomctimes vifited with lo- 
 cufts, which riy fo thick, that the (ley is 
 darkened by them ; and they de(lr«y all the 
 fruits of the earth where they alight. They 
 have a multitude of hawks, eagles, and o- 
 ther birds of prey, which they teach to fly 
 at game, and even wild beafts, with the af 
 fiftance of dogs ; fo that nothing but wild 
 boars efcape them. Their manufuftures arc 
 
 (ilk, cotton, cimel or goats hair. Their 
 gold velvet, efpecially the curled fort, is very 
 elegant. 
 
 •1 o I'ERSl'ST, V. N. fpnj'jp, Lat. fer- 
 Jiftcr, Fr.j to continue fiun and refolute in 
 an undei taking or opinion, notwithilanding 
 oppolition. 
 
 PERSI'STANCE, PERSrsTANCY, 5. 
 fieadinefs; conlbncy ; obftinacy; obduracy 5 
 contumacy. 
 
 PEllSl'iTIVE, Adj. fieady; not reced- 
 ing fiom a purpofc ; perfevering. 
 . >E'RSON, S. [^erjonne, l-r.pcrfira, Lat.] 
 a thinking intelligent being that hss reafon 
 or rcfieiffion, and can confider itielf as itfelf, 
 i c. the fame thinking thing in different 
 times, or places. An individual or particu- 
 lar man or woman. A human feeing. A 
 man or woman. In perfon one's fclf, op- 
 pofed to a deputy or reprefcntaiive. Exter- 
 nal appearance. Character. In grammar, 
 the quality of the noun which modifies a 
 verb. 
 
 PK'RSONABLE, Adj. handfome or of 
 good appearance. In law, one that may 
 maintain any plea in a court of juilice. 
 
 PERSONAGE, S. [Fr.] a man or wo- 
 man of fome rank or eminence. Air, fta- 
 ture, or external appearance. A charaifler 
 afiumed or reprefented. 
 
 PE'RSONAL, Adj. [perfonel, Fr. perfo- 
 nalis, Lat.] belonging to men or women, 
 oppofed to things. Peculiar, proper to ; re- 
 lating to one's private character or a£iior. 
 P.-efent, oppofed to reprcfentative. Perfonal 
 elbve. Inlaw, fomething moveable, or ap- 
 pendant to the perfon. In grammar, applied 
 to a verb which lias the modi.fications of three 
 perfons in each number. 
 
 _ PERSONA'LITY. S. the exi/lence or in- 
 dividuality of any one. 
 
 PE'P.SONALLY, Adv. in one's own per- 
 fon ; particularly. With regard to indivi- 
 duality to any one. 
 
 To PERSONA'TE, V. A. [£rom perfira, 
 Lat.] to reprefent by a ficTutious or aflumed 
 character, fo as to pafs for another, 'lo aft 
 or reprefent on the flag'-. To counterfeit. 
 Torc'fcmble. To defcribe. 
 
 PERSONA'TION, S. counterfeiting of 
 another perfon. 
 
 PEKSONIFICA'TION. S. {hom perfon:- 
 fy"] the application of a£lIon to things, as 
 in Milton. " Confufion heard his voice."- 
 Far. Loft. 
 
 To PERSONIFY, V. A. lo reprefent 
 things and abftraft ideas a.5 if they vixre 
 perfons. 
 
 PERSPE'CTIVE, S. [fcrfpfaif, Y\: pe,- 
 f/>ef}us, Lat.] a ipyiug glafs ; a glafs through 
 
 embroidery, efpecially gold, and Iilver, onvvhich things arc vieweJ. 
 
 The icicncc by 
 which
 
 PER 
 
 PER 
 
 vVi'ich things arc ranged in paintingln tlieir 
 proper proportions, A view nr vifto. 
 
 PERSI-E'CTIVF,, Adj. optic, or relating 
 trO the fcience ot vifion. 
 
 PEPx-SPlCA'ClOUS, Adj. [pcrffkjx] 
 mvxk in fLcina; or difccvering. 
 
 PERSPiCA'CIOUSKESS, S. the quality 
 cf perccivinji or aifcoveriiig quickly. 
 
 rERSnCA'ClTY, S. [ ffrfpicachr, Fr.] 
 quii-kncfs cf lii;ht. 
 
 FERSPI'€1EKCE, S. [fierf^ickm, Lat.] 
 perfect knewlcdge j the adi of lookirig 
 ■fljarply. 
 
 r£'RS,PICIL, S. [pc-fplcUlun:, Lat.] an 
 «ptic gl-ifs. 
 
 PEtlsPICU'ITY, S. \ perfplcuM, Fr.] ap- 
 plied to the mind, calincls to be underliood 
 or comprehended. 1 he quality of being tranl- 
 yarent. 
 
 PEKSPI'CUCUS, Adj. Iperfpkwi!!. Laf.] 
 dear \ ti'anrpaic.nt ; fiich as may be fecn 
 ihrot!;;h. Jliifyto be underflood. 
 
 PERSPI'CUbUSLY, Adv. clearly, not 
 obfciircly. 
 
 PERSPrCUOUSNRsS, S. the quality of 
 being cafily underllood or feen through. 
 
 P.E'RSi JRABLE, Adj. [ivom per fpbe\ 
 fnch as may be toricd through the pores of 
 the fkin. 
 
 PERSriR.VTION, S. the a^ft of emit- 
 ilng or forcing through -the fkin. 
 
 FEP.SPIRATIVE, Adj. performing the 
 act of pert'piration. 
 
 To PP.RSPI'RF., V. N. [perfph-o, Lat.] 
 to emit or force through the pores of the 
 ikin. To bt; excreted by the fl<in. 
 
 To PERSTRPNGE, V. A. [perjirmgo, 
 Lat.] to touch iligluly j to gaze, or glance 
 upon. 
 
 PERSU.VDABLE, Adj. fuch as may be 
 jjerfunded. 
 
 To PERSUA'DE, V. A. [perfiiadey. Fr. 
 ^rrjuade^, Lat.] to prevail upon, convince, 
 or bring over to any opinion by arguments. 
 To inculcate by arguments. 
 
 PERSUA'DER, S. one that infiiiences by 
 argimients- 
 
 .PERSUA'SIBLE, Adj. [Fr. perjuafibUh^ 
 Lat.] to be influerced by arguments. 
 
 PERSUA'SIBLEKESS, -S. the quality of 
 being influenced liy aroumeijts. 
 
 PERSUA'SION, S.'the aft of influenc- 
 ing the pallions by arguments. Any argu^ 
 mcnt or motive that v.orks upon the poffions. 
 Tlie flate of being pcrfu.idcd. 
 
 PERSUA'Sl VE, Adj. having the power of 
 influencing the palTiv'ns. 
 
 PERSUA'SIVELY, Ms. in fuch a man- 
 rer as to inf'ucnce the palTions. 
 
 PERSUA'SIVENESS, S. the quality of 
 intiuencing the paflinns. 
 
 PERSUASORY, Adj. \perJuajor\v.;, Lat.] 
 having the power to influence thepaflions. 
 
 PERT, Adj. [Brit, and Eelg. appert, Fr.j 
 lively or brifk. Siiucy or petulant. 
 
 _ PERSULTA'TION, .S. in Surgery, fig- 
 nifics the burUing of blood through the 
 vellels. 
 
 To PERTAIN, V. N. \pcruneo, Lat.] 
 to be long or relate to. Ufcd with to. 
 
 PERTEREBRA'TION, S. Ipcnn^terf 
 bratio, Lat] the aift ci boring through. 
 
 PERTERREFA'CTION, S. [patcrrcfa- 
 t/o. Lat.] afh'ghting greatly ; a great fright. 
 
 PERTIMA'CIOUs', Adj. \ peranax^L^iX.^ 
 obflinatc ; ftubborn ; not to be convinced, or 
 daunted. 
 
 PERTLMA'CIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a 
 manner, as not to be convinced or daunted. 
 
 FERTINA'CIOLSNEbS,PERTiNA'C.I- 
 TY', S. o'liflinacy. Stubbornnefs. •RefolU" 
 tion. Conitancy. 
 
 PE'RTJNACY, S. \pertw-3X, Lat.] ob- 
 flinacy, fleadincfs, orcondancy. 
 
 PP:'RTrNEKGE, PE'RTlNENCY, S- 
 \ pertif.cns, Lat.] related to the matter in 
 hand ; proper f)r fiiitable to the purpofe. Re- 
 lating or regarding. Ufed with to or into. 
 
 PE'RTINENT, Adj. [pcnir.cr.s, Lat ] 
 oppofite ; fuitablc to the purpofe. Relating } 
 regarding ; concerning. 
 
 PE'RTINENTLY, Adv. to the pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 PE'RTINENTNESS, S. the quahty of 
 fuiting, or being oppofite to what is applied to. 
 
 PERTPNGENTLY, S. [pertirgcns, Lzt.} 
 the a(ft of reacliing to. 
 
 PERTl'NGENT, Adj. reaching to; 
 touching. 
 
 PE'RTLY, Adv. in a brilk, lively, faucy 
 fenfe. or petulant manner. 
 
 PE'RTNI-SS, S. fprightlinefs, rudenefs 
 without fcnfs or modcdy. 
 
 PERTRA'xN:sIEN;T, Adj. [pert:-arj^trs, 
 Lat.] pafling, or ftriklng through, as a colour 
 does in a precious firne. 
 
 To PE'RTURH, PERTU'RBATE, V. N. 
 [p:rt!irbatus, Lat.] to difquiet, diforder, or 
 put into confulion, applied to the mind. 
 
 PERTUR3AT10.V, S. [Yr. paturbathy 
 Lat.] any tiling wliich cef^royes the tranqui- 
 lity of the mind, or raifes a commotion of 
 the pafTions. Diforder. Confufion. 
 
 PERTURBA'TOR, S. [perturbatcur, Fr. 
 perturbator, Lat.] one that raifes commo- 
 tions. 
 
 PERTU'SED, Adj. [/-frnz/aj, Lat.] bored; 
 punched ; pierced with holes. 
 
 PERTU'SION", S. the aft of piercing or 
 punching. A hole made by piercing. 
 
 To PERVA'DE, V. A. [pci'vado, Lat.] 
 to pafs through any aperture. To extend 
 throughout the univerfe. 
 
 PERVASION, S. the aft of penetrating 
 or pafling tiirough. 
 
 PERVER'SE, Adj. {p€r'vers,¥v . per-verfus^ 
 Lat.] difiorted. Obfiinate in the wrong. 
 Petulant. 
 
 PERVE'RSr.LY, Adv. with intent to vex. 
 Spitefullv, Crofsly, 
 
 PER-
 
 PER 
 
 PERVR'RSENESS, S. the ftatff orqnaU- 
 fy of obftinately oppofmg, with an intent to 
 vex. 
 
 PERVF7RSI0N, [Fr] change from bet 
 ter to woife. The mifapplication of the 
 ienCe or words of an avithor. 
 
 PERVFiVSITY, S. the quality of do- 
 ing any thing purely to vex or crofs one an- 
 other. 
 
 To PER'VERT, V. A. [perwrto, Lat 
 fer-vertir, Fr] to mifapply or diftort wilfnlly 
 from the true end, meaning or porpufe. 1 o 
 turn from right to wrong. 
 
 PERVE'RTER, S. one that changes any 
 thing from good to bad, or wilfully diftorts 
 an author's inc.ning. 
 
 PERVE'RTIHLE, Adj. that may be ea- 
 fiiy perverted. 
 
 P£RVESTIGA'TIO\% S. {fei-jcf.lgatk, 
 Lat. j diligeat fearch or encjuiry. 
 
 PERViCA'ClOUS, Adj. {pewkax, Lat.] 
 fpitefuliy or peevifaiy obllinate; headftrongj 
 Itubborn. 
 
 PERVICA'CIOU.SLY, Adv. with fpite- 
 ful obfiinacy. 
 
 PERVICA'CITY, PERVICA'CIOUS- 
 1>1ESS, PERVICA'CV, S. [pcrvkacia, Lat.] 
 fpiteful obflin<icy. 
 
 PE'RVIOUS,' Adj. [per-vius, Lat.] ad- 
 iTiitting pafiage ; capable ot- being pafled 
 through. 
 
 PER'VIOUSNRSS, S. the quality of per- 
 mitting pafiage through. 
 
 PERL', S. a large country of S. America, 
 bounded on the N. by Popayan, on the W, 
 by the S. Sea, en the S. by Chili, and on the 
 E. by a ridge of prodigious high mountains, 
 called the Cordillerasdclos- Andes, being a- 
 boiit 1 500 miles in length from N. to S. and 
 125 in breadth from E. to W. between the 
 Andes and the S. Sea ; but in ©iher places it 
 is much broader, and according to fbme 300 
 miles. It never rains in this country, and 
 they hardly know what lightning and thunder 
 is, unlefs towards the top of theabove moun- 
 tains, all the tops of thefe mountains are co- 
 vered with fnow to a very gre.it hight, and 
 there are feveral volcanoes, which burn conti- 
 nuall)'. The beft houfes in this country are 
 made of a fort of reeds likebamboe canes, and 
 coveted with thatch, or palm leaves. Piow- 
 ever^ they have a fort of galleries or balco- 
 nies, but there is no walking along the floors 
 without making the whole flrucfture gtean. 
 Peru is inhabited by the Spanirds, who con- 
 quered it, and the native Americans. 'I'hefe 
 laft t'lat live among the fore'is, form as it 
 were fo many fmall republics, which are di- 
 rected by a Spanifh prietV, and by their go- 
 vernor, affifted by other original natives, that 
 ferve as officers. They have no diftrufi:, for 
 they leave the doors of their huts always open, 
 though they have cotton, calibafhes, and a 
 fort of a'ocs, of which they make thread, 
 2nd feveral otiier fmall matters which thcv 
 
 FES 
 
 tr.'ide vvith, and which might be eafily floL^n. 
 They go naked, and paint their bodies vr ith 
 a red drug, called rocu. Tiie fame man i-^ of 
 all trades, for he builds his own hut, con- 
 llrudts his own canoe, and weaves his own 
 cloth ; but if a large houfe is to be built lor 
 common ufe, ever} one lends a helping hand, 
 i licir Ikins are of a red copper colour ; and 
 they have no beards, nor hair on any part of 
 their bodies, except their heads, where it is 
 black, long, and coarfe. 1 hofe that are not 
 much expoied to the weather, a.'-e of a lighter 
 colour than the reft. The natives who live 
 at Quito feem to be of a dilTercnt temper ; 
 ior they are all extremely idle, and fo ftupid, 
 that tliey will f;t whole da^s together upon 
 their heelj, without Hirring or' fpcaking, 
 'Ihcir garment is a fort of 3 fack, with holes 
 to put their arms ilirougli j and this is givcr^ 
 them by their mafters' as part of their wa- 
 ges. Fiom a mixture of the native Ameri- 
 cans and tht Spaniirds there arifcs a third 
 kind, called P.'Icfticcs, v.'ho are ilicgltiniatc ; 
 however, they have all the privileges of a 
 Spaniard, and arc the perfons who carry on 
 nil trades. It was fiid above that it never 
 rains, but this mull be undcrlfoodof the fouth 
 p.irts : for in the north, where the moun- 
 tains are not fo high, it o.*'ten rains excef- 
 fively ; infomuch thafthofe who go thither 
 in fe.irclr of gold, are often carried oft" by the 
 unwholefomenefs of the climate. They have 
 a great number of iruits, pl.mts, and trees, 
 not known in Europe ; however, fome of 
 their phyfical drugs aie brought over, which 
 aie of excellent ufc, and are well known in 
 driiggids fhops, particularly the jefuits bark, 
 and Peruvian balfam. The Spaniards have 
 introduced many herbs, plants, ind trees from 
 Europe, which thrive here very well, and 
 ilie fruits they produce are very delicious. 
 This country is divided into five great audi- 
 ences, which are Quito, De los Reyes, and 
 De las Charcas. 1 believe we hardly need 
 take notice of the mines of gold and filver, 
 and the prodigious riches that arc brought 
 from thence, becaufe they are fo generally 
 known. 
 
 PE'RUKE, S. [pciuquc, Fr.] a wig, or 
 falfe h»ir worn either as an ornament or to 
 conceal iiiddnefs. 
 
 To PERUKE. V. A, [fiom the NounJ 
 to drefs with adfcititious hair. 
 
 PERUKE-M/,KER, S. a maker of pe- 
 rukes ; a wig-maker. 
 
 PERU'S AL, S. [oi pcrufc] the a^ of 
 reading. 
 
 To PERU'SE, V. A. [from /-fv, and r._/>, 
 Lat. J to read. Figuratively, to obferve or 
 examine. 
 
 PF.RU'SRR, S. one that reads or examines. 
 
 PESA'DE, S. [Fr. ( a motion made by a' 
 horfe in raifing and lifting np his fore quar- 
 ters, ard keeping his hind legs upon the 
 groimd, witlio'jt liirring. 
 
 PE'SSARY,
 
 PET 
 
 ?F/SSAIIY, S. [p'-Jpii'-e, Fr.] a medicine 
 ef an oblong form made to thruft up the 
 uterus, &c. 
 
 PP:ST, S. [feftc, Yr.pcfth, Lat.l a plapie; 
 any thing mifch'xvous or deihudivc. Alfo 
 a gang or number. 
 
 To PE'STER, V. A. [Fr.] to diftiirb, 
 perplex or harrafswith numbers or violence. 
 To encumber. 
 
 PE'STEROUS, Adj. [from pejier} cn- 
 cnml>erinj;; cimberfome. 
 
 PE'STHOUSE, S. an hofpital forperfons 
 afieifled with ths plague. 
 
 PESTI'FEROUS, Adj. infc-aious like the 
 planue. Deftn!(f\ive. 
 
 PE'STILENCE, S. a contagious and raov- 
 tal diflemper. 
 
 PE'STILENT, Adj. [Fr. /.f/?:/cw, Lat.] 
 produciug plagues ; mifcliievous; deRruftive. 
 In familiar language, ufcd io exprcfs the fu- 
 perlative degree. 
 
 PESTILE'r-7TI.-\L, Adj. [pcf,Ue,!tki,Yr.] 
 partaking of the nature of the phgue. Con- 
 tagious ; deftiuOive. 
 
 PESTILL.VTION, S. [/.f/?;//i.w,Lat,] the 
 a£t of breaking, or pounding in a mortar. 
 
 PE'STLE, S. [ff7?.7/::OT, Lat.] aninflrn- 
 mcr.t ufed to pound with in a mortar. Fefde 
 efperk, a gammon of bacon. 
 
 PLT, S. [from difpite, Fr. impetus, Lat. 
 orpetlt, Fr. becaufe it fignifies only a flight 
 reientment] a (light fit of anger or refent- 
 jnent. 
 
 PE'TAL, S, \petalum, L.nt.] in botany, 
 the fine coloured leaves which compofe the 
 flower? of the plants. 
 
 PE'TALOUS, Adj. having flower leaves. 
 
 PE'TAR, PETA'RD, -S. \ petard, ¥t. 
 fetardo, Ital.'j an engine of metal, fhaped 
 like a hat, covered' with fine powder, covered 
 with a madreir or plank, to which it is 
 fafl:encu by a rope running through the rings 
 or handles lound its rim, and is ufed to blow 
 »p gates, &c, 
 
 PETE'CHTAL, S. [fetfchia, Lat.] mark- 
 ed witii peflilcntial fpots. 
 
 PETERHOROUGH. S. a town or city 
 of Noithamptonlhiie, with a biiliop's fee, a 
 market on Saturdays, and two fairs, on July 
 10, and October 2, for all foris of Hock- 
 wrought timber, and cheefe. It is feated on 
 the river Nen, over which there is a bridge 
 that leads into Huntingdonfliire, in marfliy 
 ground. It is not a large place, for it has 
 but one parifli church befides the cathedral ; 
 but the matket-place is fpaciouj, and the 
 ftrccts rsgular. It fends two members to par- 
 liament. The cathedral was formerly a mo- 
 naftery, and is a majedic ftrufture, full of 
 curious work, and has a large choir. It is 
 38 miles S. of Bofton, and 76 N. by W. of 
 London. Long. J 7 deg. ao min. lat. 52 deg. 
 33 min. 
 
 ■pETER'illURG, S. a large handfome 
 ci'.y of RulH.!, and in Ingria, bailt by Peter 
 
 PET 
 
 the Great, czar of Mufcovy, in 170J, and 
 is the capital town of the whole empire. It 
 is of prodigious extent, and contained not 
 io»g ago 60, coo houfes, great and frnall. It 
 is featcd in an ifland, which lies in the mid- 
 dle of the river Nieva, where the land has 
 been confiderably raifcd. The fort has fix 
 badions, and oppofite to it, on terra firma, 
 is a crowned work. Tl)ere are built here 
 many palaces, a college, a military fchool, 
 and an exchange. Tr.iie flouriilies greatly 
 here, becaufe it is the feat of the emperors, 
 and becaufe foreigners have the fame privi- 
 es as the natives of the place. All reli- 
 gions ar^ toler&ted, and there are packet- 
 boats, by which intelligence is conveyed to 
 different places, i he inhabitants ulfo carry 
 on a trade with the Chinefe and Perfians. 
 They have viooUen and linen nianiifa£\ures 
 here, paper-mills, powder-mills, places for 
 prepariprr fahpctre, brimllone, and elabora- 
 tories for fireworks. Hei« are alfo yards for 
 making ropes, cables, and takling for (hips; 
 a foundery, where cannon and mortars aie 
 caft ; as alfo a printing houfc. Some ftreets 
 of this city are regular and well built ; and 
 among the moft elegant ftrurtures may be 
 reckoned the great chancellor's houfe, that 
 of the vice-chancellor, count Gallowin's, 
 and fome others. They are moftly brick, 
 plaiftered over ; and though the climate is fo 
 very cold, yet they have more windows than 
 they g. nerally have in Enghmd. An Italian 
 architeift, who has bten fettled here many 
 year?, has contributed not a little to the beau- 
 ty of the city. 'I he fummer palace and gar- 
 dens lie to the E. where there are fine 
 walks and choice flatucs. Near it is the 
 theatre, which was erected in the room of 
 the wooden one, burnt to the ground, l he 
 exhibitions are French comedies, and Italian 
 operas ; and ail foreigners of diltin£tion are 
 invited to partake of thefe diverfions, as well 
 as to balls, niafquerades, and concerts, which 
 are frequently given at court. There are :o 
 Ruffian churches, and 4 Lutheran, befides 
 thofeof the Calvinifts, Dutch, Englifh, and 
 Roman Catliolics ; and the number of inha- 
 bitants are ijOw reckoned at ico,ooo, molt 
 of whom came to fettle here from other coun- 
 tries, there being not many orsj>inil Ruffians 
 among them. It is 355 miles N. W. of 
 Pvlofcow, 550 N. E. of Vienna, 5?.^ N. E. 
 of Copenhagen, 300 N. E. of Stockholm, 
 and 1250 N. E. of Paris. Long. 47 deg. 
 58 min. lat. 154 deg. 56 min. 
 
 PE'TERV/OR T, S. a plant differing from 
 St. John's wort, cnlyin having a pyramidical 
 feed vclicl divided iuto fis'e cells. 
 
 PE'TIT, Adj. [Fr. pronounced pttty\ 
 fmall ; trivial ; iriconfiderable. 
 
 PETl'TION,*. [p.-titio, Lat.] an hum- 
 ble addrefs in writing for fome place or fa- 
 vour. Prayer j of a bjranch or article of a 
 prayer.
 
 P H ^ 
 
 To PETI'TION, V. A. to make au hum- 
 Lie addrefs for a favour. 
 
 PETI'TIONARY, Adj. begging a favour 
 in an humble manner j centainiug petitions 
 or requefts. 
 
 PETl'TIONER, S. one that delivers an 
 humble addrefs in writing for fome favour. 
 
 PETl'TORY, Adj. [pedtonui, Lat. fai- 
 tcjre, Fr.] petitioning; cLiming the property 
 cf any thing. 
 
 PE'TRE, S. [pctra, Lat. a ftone] nitre or 
 falt-petrs. 
 
 PETRE'SCENT, Adj. [petrefrens, Lat.] 
 growing or turning into ftonc. 
 
 PETRI'FI ', Adj. [/>«;;;7t7.'i, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the po.ver to change to Itone. 
 
 PETRIFA'CTION, S. the i<ft of chang- 
 ing or turning into ftone. Something made 
 ftone. 
 
 PETRIFA'CTIVE, Adj. [ fetr;fiao,Lzi.] 
 having the power to turn into ftone. 
 
 To PE'TRIFY, V. A. [fe.'rjfier, Fr. from 
 fetra, a ftone, and fia, Lat. to become] to 
 change to ft/ue. Neuterlv, to became ftone. 
 PETRO'L, PETRO LEUM, S, [petme, 
 Fr.] a black, liquid bitumen, floating on the 
 water of fprings, 
 
 PETTICOAT, S. [petty and coat} a fmall 
 coat. I he lower part of a woman's drefs, 
 which is tied round, and hangs do.wn from 
 her waift. 
 
 PETTIFO'GGER, S. [corrupted from 
 pettl-voguer, o£ petit and 'voguer, Fr.j a perfon 
 who is of no rep'.ite, and deals only in trifling 
 caufes in the law. 
 
 PETTINESS, S. fmallnefs. Inconfide 
 ralilenefs. 
 
 PE'TTISH, Adj. eafily provoked to flight 
 anger. 
 
 PE'TTISHNFSS, S. the quality of being 
 foon provoked to anger. 
 
 PE'TTITOES, S. \ petty :in^Uoc] the feet 
 of a fucking pig. The toes, in burlcfque. 
 
 PE'TTO, S. fital.] the breaft. Figura- 
 lively, m private. 
 
 PE'TTY, Adj. [petit, Fr.] fmall 5 incon- 
 fiderable ; inferior. 
 
 PE'TULANCE,PE'TULANCY, S. [pe- 
 tulance, Fr. petiihnt'ia, Lat.] faucincfs 5 pce- 
 vilhnefs ; wantonnefs, 
 
 PE'TULANT, Adj. [Fr./.^f«/jw, Lat.] 
 pcrverfe j faucy ; wanton. 
 
 Pi; W, S. [puye, Belg.J a feat inclofed in 
 a church. 
 
 PE'WETT, S. [/.WwV, Bclg.] a water 
 fowl. The lapwing. 
 
 _ PE'WTER, S. ( peautc:; Belg.] an artifi- 
 cial metal, made of brafs, Lad, and tin. 
 Dilhes and plates ma.ie of pewter. Adje<ftivc- 
 ly, any thing made of pewter. 
 
 PE'VVTr.RF.R.S. one that deals in things 
 made of pewter. 
 
 PfLflNO'MENON, S. [Gr.] an appear- 
 ance in the works of nature or the heavens. 
 Any thing that ftrlkes by its novelty. 
 
 P H I 
 
 PHAGE' DENA, S. [4,«yiJai»i, Gr.] aa 
 vilcer, where the Iharpnefs of the humours 
 eats away the Hefii. 
 
 PHAGEDE'NICK, PHAGEDE'NOUS, 
 Adj. eating, corroding. 
 
 PHA'LANX, S. [Lat.] a l.irge fquare bat« 
 tahon of infantry, fet ciofe to each other, 
 with their ihields joined, and pikes turned 
 crofs ways. • 
 
 PHANT.VSM, PHANTA'SMA, S. 
 [Gr.] fomething appearing only to the ima- 
 gimtion. 
 
 PH.A.NTA'STIC, PHANTA'STICAL, 
 Adj. fee Fantastical. 
 
 PHA'NTOM, S. [phantowe, Fr.] a fpeOrc 
 or apparition. A fmcied vifion. 
 
 PHARISA'ICAL, Adj. [from the Phari- 
 fees, a religious fcfi: among the Jsws re- 
 markable far their hypecril'y] like a Phari- 
 fee ; hypocritical ; having an external ap- 
 pearance of religion, but inwardly vicious. 
 
 PHARrvIACE'UTICAL, PHARMA- 
 CE'UTJC, Adj. [<j>3g,«aitE.-<;7i!<o?, from <faj- 
 .Mixao!, Gr.] relating to the knowledge or 
 art of pharmacy, or preparation of medi- 
 cines. 
 
 PHARMACO'LOGIST, S. [■<f>«j,«ttxov, 
 and \iy(a, Gr.] one who writes upon 
 drugs. 
 
 PHARMACOLOGY, S. f t^f^taxsv and 
 Xiys), Gr.] the knowledge of drugs and me- 
 dicines. 
 
 PHARMACOPOE'IA, S. [■^k^'xxws, 
 and TTo.ei.', Gr. I a difpenfatory ; a book con- 
 taining rules for the compoiition of medi- 
 cines. 
 
 PHARMACO'POLIST, S. [i>i^iJ.a-My 
 and woXei), Gr.J an apothecary ; one v/ho 
 fells medicines. 
 
 PHARMACY, S. [^cLfiMv.vi, Gr.j the 
 art of choofing, preparing, and mixing me- 
 dicines. 
 
 PHA'SELS, S. kidney beans. 
 PH'ASIS, S. [Gr. plural phajes'] the 
 feveral appearances of Illumination obferveJ 
 in the planets. The feveral manners in 
 which the planets appear illuminated by the 
 fun. 
 
 FHASM, S. [iarjwa, Gr.] appearance; 
 phantom. 
 
 PHE'ASANT, S [fj'if.m, Fr. phafianus, 
 Lat. from Phaf.s, the river of Colchos] a 
 kind of wild cock of ext;ui(ite tafte. 
 
 To PHEE'SE, V. A. [peihaps it fliould 
 be wiitten/^jyi'J to curry orcomi). 
 
 PHK'NiX, S. [phceKlx, Lat.] a bird, of 
 which theie is fuppofed to be but one exift- 
 cnt, from whofe aflics a young one is faid 
 to proceed 
 
 PHENO'MENON, S. [phenomcie,^^. be- 
 ing naturalized it lias changed its es in an e\ 
 fee Ph.5:no.menon. 
 
 PHl'AL, S. [/:/w/c, Lat.] a fmall bottle 
 of a cylindrical form. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, S. the capital town of 
 
 Pen-
 
 P H I 
 
 rcnfylvania .in North America, and in a 
 county of the fame name. If is an oblong 
 fquarc, two miles in length, and one in 
 breadth ; and the high ftreeC nu.s from the 
 middle of one front to another. In the cen- 
 tre of the town is a fquare of ten acres, lur- 
 rounded by the tov. ii-houfe, and other pub 
 lie buildings. In each quarter there is ano- 
 ther fqiiarc of eight acres. The high ftreet 
 is ICO fett wide, and parallel to it there are 
 eight Greets; which are croffed by twenty 
 more at rinht angles, all ef them being ■;o 
 feet wide. It is fcated between the rivers Dc- 
 lawar and Schuyli<ili, which are cLfe to it 
 at each end j and there is a fine quay next to 
 the Delawar, to whicii (hips of 4. or 500 tons 
 may come tip. There are wet and dry docks 
 for building and repairing fh'ps, magazines, 
 warelioufcs, and all manner of convcniencies 
 for i.mporting and exporting merchandizes. 
 The houfes ::re moil of them built with 
 l)rick ; but there are many more (till wantint; 
 to compleat the plan. T he town-hcule was 
 ciciflcid in J732, in wliich there arc large 
 rooms for the aflcmbly and fupreme court. 
 The public offices a;e kept in the wings. The 
 other publjc buildings are the court-houfe, 
 two quakcrs meeting-houfes, two for the 
 prcfoytcrians, and one for the baptifls. 1 here 
 are alfo a church for the Englifli fervice, 
 one for the Dutch Lutherans, one for the 
 Dutch CilviniHs, and one for the Moravi- 
 ans ; befides a mafs-houfe, an academy, a 
 tlU-'-kcrs fchool-houfe, the city alms-houfe, 
 the qujkcrs alms- houfe, the hofpital, the pri- 
 fon, and the work houfe. In the year 1740, 
 the dwelling-houfes were carefully computed, 
 and ftnmd to be 2076. Long. 303 deg. 35 
 n.in. lat. 40 deg. co min. 
 
 PHILA'NTHROPHY, S. [<}>i>c-a;, Gr, to 
 Icve, and cv^jsa'arc;,-, Gr. a man] good-na- 
 tuied ; the love of mankind. 
 
 PHILrPPIC, S. [from theinve^ivesof 
 Demodhenes againfi: Philip of Macedon j ap- 
 plied to any invccftive'orjtion. 
 
 nilLO'LOGKR, S. I'^.xoK-yo:, Gr.] one 
 who m.ikcs lanfiunge his chief ftndy. 
 
 FHILOLG'GICAL, Adj. belonging to the 
 fiudy of grammar, or language. 
 
 rillLO'LOGiST, S. a grammarian, cri- 
 tic, or one that undcrftands language. 
 
 PHILO'LOGY, S. [phUoh^e, ¥r. <p.\^- 
 T^oym, Gr. ] criticifm ; the Ihidy of lan- 
 gua;'e. 
 
 PHI'LOMEL, PHILOiME'LA, S. [f,hi- 
 lomcL--, 'at.] the nightingile. 
 
 I'Hi'LOMOT, Adj. [corrupted from fcu- 
 ji!e in^rt, Fr. a dead leaf] of the colour of a 
 dead leaf. 
 
 PIIILO'SOPHEMF,, S. [Gr.] piinciple 
 of rcafjiiing ; theorem. 
 
 PKILO'SOPHER, S. [pFiIofophk, Fr. 
 ph:hfiijhiis, Lat.l a pcrfon who makes the 
 nature of things or me>r; 1 duties his findy. 
 .rbh'yj-fi-irhfiiiu, a (tunc iiippofed by alchy- 
 
 f nt 
 
 mifls to turn every thing it touched intd 
 gold . 
 
 V'KILOSO'PKIC, PHILOSO'PHICALv 
 Adj. ^jjbilojofh'iquc, Fr.] belonging to a philo- 
 fopher ; formed by phiiolbphy 5 fKilled in 
 philofophy. 
 
 To PlilLOSO'FHIZE, V. A. to rea^.n 
 frc.-ri, or cnpuire into, tl-,e caufes and cffcdls 
 of things. 
 
 liilLO'SOPHY, S. \ phihfip}Ae, Fr. phi- 
 lojephta, Ldt.j the knovvledge of nature and 
 mo.'-a!ity, founded en reafon and experience. 
 An hypothsfjs or fyllem for explaining na- 
 tural r-lfeifls. Reafoning. 
 
 PHlLOSTOIl'GY,'s. [v'■•l^^-, and ri?>n) 
 Gr.] natural afTrcrion ; the love of parents 
 towards their cliildrtn. 
 
 PHILOT'JMY, S. [OiXof, and tiuk, Gr.] 
 love of horour. 
 
 PHILOX'EN'Y, ?. [<f\^u and ^mo., Gr.] 
 hofpitahty ; kmdnefs to ftrangers. 
 
 PHI'LTER, S. [philtre, Fr. .f.XT^ov, Gr.] 
 fometbing tocaufe iove. 
 
 To PHILTER, V. A. to charm to love. 
 
 PHIZ, orPHYZ, S. [formed by contrac- 
 tion from phyJiogn'Myi] the face, vifage or 
 countenance, 
 
 PHLEBO'TOTvIIST, S, [from <;)XEvf'. 
 Gr. nnd teuvm, Gr.] one that opens a Vein, 
 or lets blood. 
 
 To PHLEBO'TOMIZE, V. A. to open 
 a vein, or let blood, 
 
 PHLEBO'TOMY, S. the ad of opening 
 a vein, or letting blood. 
 
 PHLEGM, S. [phkgme, Fr <J>Xs>'/u«, Gr.] 
 tl e watery humour of the blood, which is 
 fuppofed to produce fiuggiftnefs. 
 
 PHLE'GMAGOGUfis, S. [fUyf^a, and 
 ayo), Gr.] a purge of the milder fort, fup- 
 pofed to 'vacuate phlegm, and leave the other 
 humoiu's. 
 
 PHLE'GMATIC, S. abounding in water 
 or phlegm. Dull, cold. 
 
 PHLE'GMON, S^. [Gr.] an inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 PHLE'GMONOUS, Adj. inflammatory; 
 burning. 
 
 PHLE'ME, S. [from pUchctcrr.us, Lat. 
 fometimes written feam] a pointed inftru- 
 ment placed on the vein of a horfe and driven 
 into it with a blow in bleeding 
 
 PHLOGI'STON, S. f from <}>X;y4.-, Gr] 
 the inflammable part of any body. 
 
 PHO'NICS, S. favfl, Gr.] the docflrine 
 of four.ds. 
 
 PIIONOCA'MPTICK, Adj [toi^i, and 
 xdiATp.ta, Gr.J having the power to infle(fkor 
 turn the found, and by that to alter it. 
 
 PHO'SPHOR, PHO'SPHOnUS, S. [Lat.] 
 the morning ftar. A chemical fubftance, 
 which when rubbed or expofed to the air 
 takes fire. 
 
 PHRASE, S. [4>pp9-i<, Gr,] A mode of 
 fpeech particular to a language. Ari expief- 
 fou. Stile. 
 
 To PIiRASE»
 
 PHY 
 
 To PHRASE, V. A. to aWe, call, name, 
 trr exprefs. 
 
 PHRASEO'LOGY, S. ffrom t^af.r, Gr. 
 and 7,iya), Gr, ] rtile. A phrafe-book. 
 
 PHRENE'TIC, PHKE'NTIC, S. [<^^vi- 
 Iwtcf Gr.j frantic. 
 
 PHRENi'TJS, S. f Gr.j madnefs. 
 
 PHRE'NSY, S. {pbraf:€, Fr] madnefs. 
 Often written fre7jz.f. 
 
 PHTHAP.Ti'CllS, [^?ipr«c, Gr.] cor- 
 rupting medicines. 
 
 PHTHiRI'ASIS, S. [Gr.] theloufydif- 
 eafe. 
 
 PHTHI'STCAL, pronounced uf.cal [phiy- 
 fjque, Fr.] coti!;hin:>^ confumptive. 
 
 PHThl'SlC, S.'[^dri;, Gr.] aconfump- 
 tion. 
 
 PHTHFSl-;, S. [Gr.] aconfumption. 
 
 PHILA'CTERY, b'. {■i^vXa-:,-^,,,y , Gr.] 
 a bandage ca wliich \\a^ written fonie len- 
 ience from the Old Teftiment, worn by the 
 Jews on their wrifts and foreheads, 
 
 PHY'SIC, S. {ifV7iw, Gr. nr.ture, this 
 word criginally fignilkd natural pliilofcphy ; 
 feut has been iransferred to medicine] the 
 fcience or art of healing. Medicines. In 
 common language, a purge. In the plural, 
 natural philosophy. 
 
 To PHY'SIC, V. A. to anply medicines. 
 
 PHY'SICAL, Adj. {plyjiquc, Fr.] relat- 
 ing to natural philofophy. belonging to 
 medicine or the fcience of healing. Medici- 
 nal or afiitling health. 
 
 PHY'SICALLY, Adv. according to na- 
 ture; according to the principles of natural 
 philofophy. 
 
 PIIYSrCIAN, S. [phyfuxn, Fr] one 
 who prefcrib5s remedies for any difoider. 
 
 PHY'SICOTHELOGY, S. [frotn v&a^i?, 
 Gr. nature, and thcAonja, Lat.]. ;■ view of 
 the works of nature in fuch a light as to dif- 
 play the attributes of the deity. 
 
 PHYSIO'GNOMER, PHYSIO'GNO- 
 MIST, S. \_ph\fonorn\Jle, Fr.] one wto judges 
 ef the temper ^r future fortune of a perfon 
 by the features of his face. 
 
 PHYSIO'GNOMY, S. {phyf.or.nrrle, Fr.] 
 the adf of difcovcring the temper, and fore- 
 knowing the fortune of a per.^on, by the fea- 
 tures of his fa<e. 1 he ca(i of the face. 
 
 PHYSIOLO'GICAL, Adj. [from ph\f.o- 
 hgy\ relating to the knowledge of the nature 
 of things. 
 
 PHYSIO'LOGIST, S. one verfed in na- 
 tural philofophy. 
 
 PHYSIO'LOGY, S. -{■i?icir, and xlyoo, 
 Gr.] the docftrine of the conflitution of the 
 works of nature. 
 
 PHYTI'VOROUS, Ad> \if-Tm, Gr, and 
 ftrro, Lat.] that eats grafs or any vege- 
 table. 
 
 PHYTO'GRAPHY, S. [<?i;7oV, and >£«'<?*•, 
 Gr.] a defcription of plants, 
 
 i'lIY'TOLOGY, S. \<ivm, and Xtyu, 
 
 V T C 
 
 Gr.] the do£lrine of plants ; a bctv.iiical dif- 
 courfe. 
 
 PJ'ACLE, S, \_piaculum, Lat,] an enor- 
 mous Clime, 
 
 PIA'CULAR, PIA'CULOUS, Adj. {p\a- 
 ca^aris, pijculiim, Lat..] expiatory ; having 
 the power to atone ; fuch as requires expia- 
 tion ; criminal ; sttocioufly bad. 
 
 PIA-MATFR, S. [Lat] a tiiin and de- 
 licate membrane, whicli lies under the duia 
 inater, and covers immediately the fubftance 
 cf the brain. 
 
 PIA'NET. S, a bird; the leOir wood- 
 pecker j the magpie. 
 
 PJA'STER, S. [p'lajlra, Ital.] an Italiau 
 coin valued at about iive (hiiiinHS flerling. 
 
 PIA'ZZA, S. [Ital.] a walk under a roof 
 fupported by pillars. 
 
 Pl'CA, -S. a particular fize of type ufed by 
 Printers, there is likewife double Pica and:' 
 fmall Pica; the following fcntence is printed 
 in fmall Pica. 
 
 " Mankind was born to wonder," 
 
 The next in Pica. 
 
 " God is above all things.'* 
 
 But the following words in double Pica. 
 
 Double Pica. 
 
 PICAROO'N, S. [pkare, Ital.] a robber. 
 A rr.urJercr. 
 
 Pl'CCAGE. S. [pkca^lum. Low Lat.] 
 money paid at fairs, for breaking ground for 
 booths. 
 
 To PICK, V. A. [plchn, Re!g.] to cull ; 
 to choofe. To g;;ther from different places, 
 and with much induOry. To feparate from 
 any thing that is ufelefs or filthy. To clean 
 by gathering off gradually. To pierce or 
 flrike with a beak or fliarp inltrument, from 
 tipuer, Fr. 'J o rob privately, joined to 
 picket. To pick a hole in one's coat, is ufed 
 proverbially for feekingoccafion of expofing, 
 or finding fault v.ith another. Neuterly, to 
 eat flowly and by fmall morfeJs. To do any 
 thing leifurely. 
 
 PICK, S. a fiiarp pointed infirument. 
 
 PI'CKAPACK, Adv. [formed. by redupli- 
 cation, from /at,!] upon one's back, or af- 
 ter tlie manner of a pack. 
 
 PI'CKAXE, S. an axe with a fliarp 
 point. 
 
 PI'CKEACK, Adj. [corrupted from /.id- 
 [ack^ or pickapiick] or the back, 
 
 PI'CKED, Adj. fharp pointed, 
 
 ToPICKE'ER, V. A. [piccsre, Ital.] to 
 pirate ; to rob ; to make a fiying fkirmifh. 
 
 PPCKER, S. a Ihavp pomted inlhumcnt. 
 
 PI'CKEREL, S. [a diminutive of /.iyjej 
 a fmall pike. 
 
 PI'CKERELWELn, S- a water plant. 
 
 PI'CKLE, S, [pcckci, Beig.] any kind of 
 fuk, or lour litjuor, in which things are pre- 
 fer ved.
 
 P I E 
 
 fervcJ. A tiling kept in four liquor. A 
 conuition or (tate. 
 
 To PICKLE, V. A. to prsfi;rve in fait of 
 four liquor. '1 o feafon or imbrue with any 
 thing bad. 
 
 PrCKLEHERRING, S. [fee Jack- 
 Pud d i r; cj a merry andrew. An arch 
 rogue. 
 
 PI'CKLOCK, S. aninarument bywhich 
 locks m?y be opened without a key. A per- 
 fon who opens locks withor.t a key. 
 
 PI'CKFOCKET, PICKPURSE, S. one 
 that Heals any thing privately out of a per- 
 fon's pocket. 
 
 PI'CK TOOTH, S. an inftrument ufed to 
 clean teeth. 
 
 rrCKTHANK, S. a perfon who is offi- 
 cious purely to cut rv favour with :jnothcr. 
 
 PICT, S. [ficiui, Lat.J a perfon who 
 paints. 
 
 PICTO'RIAL, .fljj. [from /;c'7o'-, Lat.] 
 pi oduced by a painter. 
 
 Pl'CTLRR, S. [flfJura, Lat.] a refem- 
 hlance of perfons or things in prints or co- 
 1 urs. The fcience of painting. Any re- 
 fembiance or reprefentation. 
 
 To PI'CTUKE, V. A. to reprefcnt by 
 painting. To reprefcnt. 
 
 To PI'DDLC, V. N. [derived by Skinner 
 from, ficclo'o, Ital or fctU, Fr. little ; and 
 Johnfon fuppofes it conies from peddle, 
 which Skinner fays, fignifies to deal in fmall 
 things] to pick at table ; to eat fqueamifh- 
 iy ; to trifie, and attend to fmall parts rather 
 than the main. 
 
 PI'DDLER, S. one that picks a bit here 
 and there at table ; one that cats fqueamifhiy. 
 
 PIE, .S. any cruft baked with f)melhing 
 in it. A magpie or parti-colourcd bird, from 
 p:e, Yt. pica, Lat. 
 
 Pl'EBALD, Adj. [from /;V] of various 
 colours. 
 
 PIECE, S. [Fr. pronounced/«ftf] a patch. 
 A fragment ; or part of a whole. A pifture. 
 A compofition or performance of fome artift. 
 A lingte great gun or hand gun. A coin 
 Applied to potions, and ending a fentence, 
 it (igliifies frtc^. " One C2r apiece.'" More 
 of a piece icith ; implies refemblance of the 
 fime kind or fort. 
 
 To PIECE, V. A. to enlarge by the addi- 
 tion of fomelhing. To join or unite. To 
 isicreafc or fupply fome defecft by addition j 
 followed by iut. 
 
 PI'ECELESS, Adj. rot innde of feperate 
 parts or pieces. 
 
 PIE'CER. S. one that pieces. 
 
 PIECEMEAL, Adv. [ pice^.-c/. Sax.] in 
 pieces. Adjedivc-ly, divided ; fingle. 
 
 Pl'ED, Adj. [horn pie j variegated or com - 
 pofed of diflL'rent colours. 
 
 Pl'EDNESS, S.-vai legation ; diverfity of 
 colour. 
 
 Pl'ELED, Adj. [perhaps from peeled, or 
 bald, or /i.;.W] having (hort hair. Dald. 
 
 P7 L 
 
 PI'EPOWDER^ S. [from/;?, Fr. a font, 
 and pouldre, Fr. dully] a court held in fairs 
 for redrefs of all diforders committed therein. 
 
 PIER, S. [pierre, Ff. | the columns which 
 fuppoi t the arch of a bridge. 
 
 1 o PIERCE, V. N. Ipercer, Fr.] to pene- 
 trate or enter. To afre<fi or touch the paflions. 
 1 o enter or dive. 
 
 PfE'RCER, S an inftrument ufed in bor- 
 ing holes. '1 hat part by which infefls make 
 holes in bodies. 
 
 PIE'RCINGLY, Adv. in a (liarp and af- 
 feifting manner. 
 
 PIE'RCINGNESS, S. the power of pierc- 
 ing. 
 
 PI'ETY, .S. [pietas, Lat. pietc', Fr,] dif- 
 chargeof our duty to God, or our parents. 
 
 PIG, S. \L,g^^c, Bell', pi^, Brit, little] 
 the young of a fow. An oblong mals of lead 
 or un forged iron. 
 
 To PIG, V. A. to farrow or bring forth 
 young, applied to a fow. 
 
 PI'GEON, S. [Fr.] a fowl or bird bred 
 tamely in cotes or houfes. 
 
 PIGEONLPVERED, Adj. foft ; mild} 
 voidof fpleen or refentment. 
 
 Pl'GGIN, S. [fee Pic] a fmall veffel or 
 hand-pail. 
 
 PIGHT, fold Preter. and Part Pad of 
 pitch] pitched ; determined ■■, fixed. 
 
 Pj'GiVIEn'T, S. [pigmer.tiim. Lat.] colour 
 to be laid on any body. 
 
 PI'GMY, S. [pign'o-ur, Lc-t.] a fmall na- 
 tion fabled to have been devoured by cranes. 
 Figuratively, a perfon of low ftature ; any 
 thing iticonfiderable. 
 
 PIGNORA'TION, S. [pigncra, Lat.] the 
 zCt of pledging. 
 
 PI'GNDT, S. an earth nut. 
 
 PI'GSNEY, .S, [frcm/;V^, Sax. a girl] 
 a word of fondnefs to a girl. Vied by But- 
 ler for the eye of a woman, perhaps impro- 
 perly. 
 
 Pl'GRITUDE, S. [pigrit!ido,Lst.']hzt-' 
 nefs ; flothfulni-fs. 
 
 PIKE, S. [pique, Fr. from the flinrpnefs 
 of its friout] the longcft-lived frelh-water 
 fifli ; it is folitary, melancholy, and bold. 
 A long lance ufed by foot foldiers, before 
 the invention of bayonets. A fork ufed in 
 hulbandry. Among turners, two iron fpikes 
 or fprigs between which any thing is fall- 
 en ed. 
 
 PI'KED, Adj. \_piqtte, Fr.] ftiarp j ending 
 in a roint. 
 
 ri'KEMAN, S. a foKlier who bore a pike. 
 
 PI'KESTAFF, S. the wooden (laif, or 
 the frame of a pike. 
 
 PI'LA'STEK, S. [pilcf.'-c, Fr. filaJJro^ 
 Ital.] in architeiflure,a fquare column, fome- 
 times infulated or fct within a wall, and only 
 fhowing a four;h part of its thicknefs. 
 
 PILCH, S. ( fee Pilcher] a kind of clout 
 of flannel, ufed to keep infants from wetting 
 their beds by urine. 
 
 pi'Len-
 
 P I L 
 
 PI'LCHARD, S. a fiQi like an hm'mg, 
 but fmallcr. 
 
 PI'LCHER, S. Ipellis, tat.l any cont or 
 garment made of (kins, or lined with furr. 
 ^ furred gown. 
 
 PILF, S. [Fr. pj/e, Belg.] a (Iron <» piece 
 of wood or flake drove in the ground to make 
 a foundation firm. A heap. Any thing 
 heaped together fo be burned. An edifice or 
 building. A hair, from pihs, Laf. the nap 
 of cloth or velvet. One fide of a coin, the 
 veverfe of a crofs. 
 
 To PILE, V. A. to henp. To fill with 
 fomething heaped. 
 
 ITLEATED, Adj [flkus, Lat ] in the 
 form of a cover or hat. 
 
 PI'LFR, S. one who accumulates. 
 
 To PI'LFER, V. A. [pwW,- Fr. or from 
 pelfj to fleal. Neuterly, toptLidice petty thtfc. 
 
 PI'LFERER, S. one who Iteals petty 
 things. 
 
 PI'LFERY, S. petty theft. 
 
 PI'LGRIM, S. [fUgilm, Be'g. hilgram, 
 belgerin, Teut. pelegrin, peregrin, Fr. pelle- 
 grimo, Ital. percgihias, L'it.j one who travels 
 on a religious account. 
 
 To PI'LGRIM, V. N. to wander; fol- 
 lowed by up and dc-'jn, 
 
 P'lLGRIMAGE, S. a journeyon a rcli 
 gious account. 
 
 PILL, S. \p\hla, Lat. pUuk, Fr. ] a 
 medicine made into a round mafs like a 
 pea. 
 
 To PILL, V. A. \pUkr, Fr.] to rob or 
 plunder. To ftrip off the bark, ufed for peel, 
 ^Neuterly, to be (tript away ; to come off in 
 flakes or fcoria;. 
 
 PI'LLAGE, S. [Fr,] plunder. The aft 
 of plundering. 
 
 Fl'LLAGER, S. a plunderer; a fpoilcr. 
 
 PI'LLAR, S. Ip'il'ier, Fr. pUar, Span, p'l- 
 hflro, Ital. p'lkr^ hrit. and Arm J a column. 
 A fupporter. 
 
 PI'LLARED, Adj. fupported by columns. 
 Refembiing a column. 
 
 PI'LLJON, S. [from/;7/5w] a foft faddle 
 ufed by women in riding behind a horfcman. 
 The pare of the faddle that touches the 
 hoif.-. 
 
 PI'LLORY, S. {pillori, Fr.] a frame 
 erefled on a pillar, having three holes, 
 through which the head and hands of a cri- 
 minal are put, when he is expofed to the 
 public. 
 
 To PI'LLORY, V. A. to expofe in a pil- 
 lory. 
 
 PI'LLOW, S. [pyle. Sax. pch-we, Belg. 
 fuh'h:us, Lat.) a bag of down or feathers 
 laid under the head when a perfon fleeps. 
 ■ T(» PI'LLOW, V. A. to reft or fupport 
 any thin^ on a pillow. 
 
 Pi'LLOWBIER, Pi-'LLO WEASE, S. the 
 cover of a pil'ow. 
 
 PILO'SITY, S. [from />;/^w, Lat.] hairi- 
 nefs. 
 
 P I N 
 
 ri'LOT, S. [pilote, Fr. ph'ooi, Belg.] one 
 who Cieers or condu<51s a fhip. 
 
 To PI'LOT, V. A. to fiecr, or condu^ a 
 (hip. 
 
 PI'LOTAGE, S. [Fr.] pilot's (kill j 
 knowledoc of coads. A pilot's hire. 
 
 _PIMF''NT0, S. {pp>u;,t, Fr.J a kind of 
 fpice, from its round figure, named Jamaica 
 pepper. 
 
 PIMP, S. Ipwge, Fr. p^vca, Ital.J one 
 who provides a proflitute for another. One 
 who provides gratifications for the lu(t of 
 another. 
 
 To PI. MP, V. A. to provide a harlot for 
 another. 
 
 PI'.MPERNEL, S. a plant. 
 
 PIMPING, Adj. [pimp, mcnfch, Belg. a 
 weak manj little; peity; wonhlefs; mean-. 
 
 PI'iVIPLE,S. \p'mpelde, ¥r. pivmple, Brit.J 
 afmall red pudule. 
 
 PPMPLED, Adj. having red puftules. 
 
 PIN, S. [efpinyk, Fr. jpina, Lat. fpUla, 
 Ital. or from pfrum, \o\v Lat.] a fhort piece 
 of wire with a fliarp point and round head, 
 ufed by women in faftening their cloaths. To 
 hold things together; a peg. That which 
 locks the wheel to the axle, called a linch- 
 pin ; an iion inftrimient u£d in fafleningbars 
 and window-lhutters. The peg.s of a mufi- 
 cal inftrument. The center. '^ The very 
 p'm of his heart." — ^hak. A horney indura- 
 tion, or inflammation of the coats of the 
 eye. Rol:ing-pin, a piece of wood of a cy- 
 lindrical form, ufed in rolling pafte. 
 
 To PIN, V. A. to faflen with pins. To 
 join. To confine as in a pinfold, ixom pin- 
 dan. Sax. 
 
 PI'NCERS, S. [pircette, Fr.] an inflru- 
 mentconfiflingof two legs moving on a rivet, 
 with which nails are drawn, or any thin" held 
 fa(L The claws of an animal. 
 
 To PINCH, V. A. Ipincer, Yt. paugejidan^ 
 Pcrf] to fi]ueeze between the fingers or teeth. 
 To hold htird with an inlhument.To fqueezc 
 till the flefh is painted or livid. To prefs be- 
 tween hard bodies. To diflrefs or affe<fl with 
 pain. To drive to difficulties, to try thorough- 
 ly ; to f4ueeze out what is contained. Neu» 
 terly, to fpare, or be frugal. 
 
 PINCH, S. a painful fqueeze with the fin- 
 gers or between hard bodies. A gripe. Gp- 
 preflion. Difficulty or diflrefs. As much 
 as can be taken up between the tops of the 
 fingers. 
 
 PPNCUSHION, S. a fmall bag HufTei 
 with bran or wool, in which pins are fluck. 
 
 PINDA'RICK, Adj. a fort of poetry, in 
 imitation of Pindar, whofe ftraiiis werel6fty» 
 and almofl inimitable. 
 
 PI'NDUST, S. fmall particles of metal 
 made by cutting pins. 
 
 PINE, S. \p:mis, Lat. pill, Fr.] a tree 
 which bears feeds in fquamous cones. 
 
 To Pine, V. A. [pi/iian, Ssx.piien, Bclg.J 
 
 to languilh or wear away with any kind of 
 
 A a a aiifery .
 
 p I p 
 
 mifery. To bnguifii witli dcfae. Neuterly, 
 to wifte with grief. To grieve for or bemoan 
 in filence. 
 
 Pi E-Al'PLE, S. a ]\vcy fruit of a deli- 
 cious flavour, fo called from its refcmbling 
 the cone of a pine-tree. 
 
 Pi'N f':AL, Adj pineale, Fr.] refembling 
 a pine-apple ; an epithet given by Defcartes, 
 on account of its form, to the gland he ima- 
 gined to be the feat of the foul. 
 
 PINFEA'THERtD, Adj. having fea- 
 thers relembling pins. Unfledged. 
 
 PI'NFOLD, S. [from fin/ian. Sax. to fliut 
 up, and /Wj] a place in which fheep are kept. 
 
 PI'NGUID, /\dj. {fli'guh, Lat.J fat; 
 uniflnous. 
 
 PI'N-MONEY, S. money allowed a wife 
 for her p:ivate expences. 
 
 PIN-HOLES,S.nfmaHholcmadebyapin. 
 
 PI'NlO.Nf, S. [pignon, Fr ] the joint at the 
 extremity of a wing. A wing. A featlicr or 
 t^uill 5 the tooth of a fmalicr wheel, anfwer- 
 ing to that of a larger. Fetters for the hands. 
 
 To PINION, V. A. to bind the wings or 
 the f'iv^..vs clofe to the fides. To fliackle. 
 To bind to. 
 
 P1\K, S. [plr.ce, Fr. from pcrA, Bclg. an 
 eye] a fmall fragrant flower, of the gilliflovvcr 
 kind. ^n eye, generally applied to a fmal! 
 one. Any thing fupremcly excellent. A red- 
 dilh colour, refembling that of a pink. 
 
 To PINK.V. A. to pierce with fmall jiolcs 
 like oylct holes. Neuterly, to wink with 
 the eyes ; from p:}:iken, Bclg. 
 
 PI'NVACE, S. [/)/«(i//i-. Fr./iiw/watf, Ital. 
 f'mn.a. Span.] a boat belonging to a ftiip of 
 war. 
 
 i'l'NVACLF., S. [Fr. ftnna, Lat.] a tur- 
 ret, or elcA'ation above the reft of the build- 
 ing. A hi«h fplring paint. 
 
 PI'NNKR, S [ircmpiKia or pir.mon} the 
 lapi>et of a head-drefs, which hangs down 
 loofe. 
 
 PIMT, S. [pint. Sax. pMC, Fr.] in liquid 
 meafure Jialf a <juart. In medicine a pound 
 or twelve ounces. 
 
 PIONEF/R, S. [pknkr, Fr. from /^a-r, Fr. 
 which comes from/)t-o,contra(fled fiom pedito, 
 a foot {oldicr, formerly employed in digging] 
 a foldier employed in levelling roads, throw- 
 ing up works, or finking mines. 
 
 PI'OMY, S. a large red flower, expanded 
 in the form of a rofc. 
 
 PI'OUS, Adj. [piau Lat. pkux, Fr.] care- 
 ful of the duties owed to God or our parents. 
 Religious. 
 
 Pl'OUSLY, Adv.' with great devotion. 
 
 PIP, S. [p'ppe, Belg. pitic, Fr.] a de- 
 fluxion, or horny pellicle which grows on the 
 tip of the ton'gue in birds and fowls. A 
 fpot on c.irds, perhaps from pi^us, Lat. 
 ■painted. 
 
 To PIP, V. N. [p:p!o, Lat.] to chirp or 
 cry like a bird. 
 
 JPIPE, S. [fiijHrlt. /./>(, Sax.] any long 
 
 P I s 
 
 hollow body or tube. A tv.be of clay, throngis 
 which the I'moak of tobacco is conveyed into 
 the mouth. An inllrument of wind mufick. 
 T lie organs of voice or refpiration. The key 
 of the voice. An office in the Exchiqner, fi> 
 Called, becaufe tlie whole receipt is conveyed 
 into it by means of divers CmM pipes, quills, 
 or ciiannels, as water into a ciftcrn. A li- 
 quid meafure containing two hogflieads. 
 
 To PIPE, V. N. to play on a pipe or 
 wind inftrument. To have a flirili found. 
 
 PI'PER, S. one that plays on the pipe. 
 
 Pl'PE-TREE, S. the lilac-tree. 
 
 Fl'PING, Adj. weak, feeble, fickly. Hot 
 or boiling, applied to water. 
 
 PI'PKIN, S. [a diminutive o{pipe] a fmall 
 earthen bt)iler. 
 
 Pl'PPIN, S. Ipufpytiglc, Celg.] a Iharp 
 apple, fiippofcd by ibmc to derive its name 
 from the pips or i^ox.% with which its Ikin is 
 marked. 
 
 PPqy.^NT, Adj. f Fr.] pricking; ftimu- 
 lating; Iharp ; tart i pungent; fevere. 
 
 PJ'QUANCY, S. [from piquant] (harp- 
 nefs ; tartncfs. 
 
 PIQL'F,, S. [Fr. pronounced pecque"] an 
 offence taken. lU-wiil. Point or pun£lilio. 
 
 To PIQirE,V.A. [picquer, Fr. pronounced 
 prck'\ to affec't with envy or malice by fome 
 offence. To offend. Ufed with the recipro- 
 cal pronounf, and followed by ;« or w/u/i; to 
 i value or i\K reputation upon. 
 I FIQUEE'RER, .S. a robber ; a plunderer. 
 
 PI'QUET, S. [picqiiet'\ a game at cards 
 j played by two perfons,with only 32 cards, all 
 the duces, threes, fours, and fives being laid 
 afide In fortification, fharp at one end, ufi»- 
 ally (hod with iron, ufed in laying out ground 
 and meafuring its angles j or driven into the 
 ground by the tents to tie the horfes to; and 
 likewife ufed to faden the cords of tents ; 
 whence to plant the picket, implies to cn- 
 camo. 
 
 FI'RACY, S. [firaterie, Yr.piratica, Lat] 
 the ad of robbing or committing ails of vio- 
 lence on the high-fca. 
 
 Pl'RATE, S. one that robs at fea. A per- 
 fon who lleals, or clandeftinely prints the co- 
 pies of an author or bookfeller 
 
 ToPPRATE, V. A. to.publilh a fpurious 
 edition in oppolition to the proprietor of a 
 book. 
 
 PIRATICAL, Adj. robbing on fca ; like 
 a pirate. 
 
 PISCA'TION, S. [pifcatb, Lat.] the ac"l 
 or pradice of fifhir.g. 
 
 PI'SCAR Y, S. a privilege of filling. 
 
 PI'SCATORY, Adj. [pifcatcnusy Lat.] 
 relating to fiflies. 
 
 PISCPVOROUS, Adj. [pips and t.-:r:., 
 Lat.] eating fi(h. 
 
 PISH, Inter] . a wsrd ufed to exprefs con- 
 tempt. 
 
 To PISH, V. N. to exprefs contempt by 
 an hiSng auJ inaiticulitc ibur.d. 
 
 PI'S.
 
 P I T 
 
 PI'SMIRE, S. {pifmlere, Belg. wur, Perf. 
 OTV'"^, Sax. J an ant. 
 
 ■ To PJSS, V. N. ll>if€r, Fv.fifen, Fr.J to 
 make water or urine. 
 
 PISS, S. urine. 
 
 PISS-A-BED. S. one that makes urine in 
 bed. A yellow flower growing in the gv.ifa. 
 
 Pl'SSBURNT, Adj, of a brownilh colour, 
 as iF ftained l)y urine. 
 
 PJSTA'CHIO, S. [;>i/}ac.bia,Spzn.fiJ}jc- 
 chi, Iral. fiftache, Fr. ] a dry tVuit, of an ob- 
 long figure, pointed at each end, with a dou- 
 ble Iheli, containing a kernel of a green co- 
 lour. 
 
 PISTI'LLATION, S. [;7/?;7/««,Lat.] the 
 aft of pounding in a mortar. 
 
 PI'S rOL, S. ipiple, ffiolct, Fr.] a fmall 
 hand-gun. 
 
 To PISTOL, V. A. to (lioot v.ith a 
 piftol. 
 
 PI'STOLE, S. [Fr.] a gold coin firuck 
 in Spain and Italy, generally valued at about 
 fixteen (hillings und fjxpcnce (lerling. 
 
 PISTCVLE r, S. [diminutive of /7/?(3/] a 
 little piftol. 
 
 PI'STON. S. [Fr.] that part of a pump 
 or f)iinge on which the liickcr is ii.><ed. 
 
 PIT, S. [/)/>, Sax. iittte, Belg. puz.z.c. 
 ]>yt, old Teut. puteus, Lat ] a hole in the 
 ground. The grave. The ground on which 
 cocks fighr. The middie and Jo'.ver part of a 
 theatre, fronting the IbjiC. Any hollow of 
 the l.ody, from pi$, old Fr. Hence the arm- 
 pit. A dent made by the finger, or cauled 
 by the fmall pox. 
 
 To PIT, V A. to fink into hollows. 
 
 Pl'TAPAT, S. [perhap;; from/.ai^/>^i, 
 Fr flep by ftep, or fatte, fatte, Fr. j a flut- 
 tering motion or palpira'.ion, applied to the 
 heart. A light quick itep. 
 
 PITCH S ( pic, Sax /.;*, Lat.] a Mack 
 gummy juice, dri^wn, jnd infpifT'.ted by fire 
 from the pine-tree. Any degree of height, 
 from pitts, Fr. the higheft rife. Degree, 
 rate, fize. 
 
 To PITCH, V. A. \apkcian, Ital.l to 
 fix upon. To order regularly. To throw 
 headlong ; to fmcr with pitch ; to darken. 
 To pave Neuterly, to light or drop from a 
 high place. To fall headlong. To fix a 
 choice or tent. 
 
 PPTCHF.R, S. [pecher, Scot.] an eaithen 
 veflcl, or water- pot. An infliumentto pierce 
 the giound in which any thing is to be fixed. 
 
 Pi'TCHFORK, S. a fork by which corn 
 or hay is thrown into waf.gons. 
 
 Pl'TCHINESS, S. blac-.nefs. The qua- 
 lify of refembling pitch. 
 
 PI'TCHY, Adj. fmeared with pitch ; hav- 
 ing the qualities of pitch. Plack ; dark ; 
 diimal. 
 
 PPT-COAL, S. a coal dug out of pits. 
 
 PI'TEOUS, Adj. \pity} forrowful 5 cxcit- 
 *"o P''y » tender; comp;,ffi:naie j wretched. 
 Piltry, 
 
 P L A 
 
 PI'TAlAN, S. one that works in the pit 
 in fuwing tinibcr. 
 
 PI'TSA VV, b. a faw ufed by two men. one 
 of which is in a pit. 
 
 PI'TFOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to caufe pi;y. 
 
 PFTFOUSNESS, S. the quality of excit- 
 ing or e:;prcfling piry. 
 
 Pl'TFALL, S. a pit dug and cov«red, in- 
 to which a perfon fall? unexpc<ftedl}-, 
 
 PITH, S. \ piit", Belg. J the futt part in 
 themidll ofwood. Mavrcv. Strength Force. 
 Energy. Weight. Moment. Theijiintef- 
 feiice or chief part. 
 
 Pl'THILY, hAv. with force or energy. 
 
 PI'THINI.SS, S. force or en etc V. 
 
 PI'TPILESS, Adj. without pi.h, force, or 
 enerny. 
 
 Pi'THY, Adj. confining cf pith, <-ip- 
 plied to wood ; Arong or energetic, applied 
 to (tile. 
 
 Pl'TIABLE, Adj. [pitoyable, Fr.] de- 
 ferving pity. 
 
 Pi' rifUL, Adj. moving cofnpaiT^ofi ; 
 companionate; paltry; contemptible. Tiie 
 laf!- fen.'e is moft in tire. 
 
 PI'TIFULLY, Adv. in a mr,urn!"a!, com- 
 pafijonate, and coi'temptilTie ir,;,nner. 
 
 Pi'TIFULNiiSj, S. merLV, orcompafilcn. 
 Dcfpicrflilenefs. 
 
 Pl'TILESSLY, Adv. without fi;y or 
 mercy . 
 
 Pl'TILESSMESS, S. want of compaf- 
 fion. 
 
 PI'TILESS, Adj. wanting pity or com- 
 pafiion. 
 
 PI'TTANCE, S. [pna»ce,Yv phtmiuj^ 
 Ital j an allowance of meat in a mynallciy. 
 A fmall porticn. 
 
 PI'TUITE, S. [Fr. phulta, eld Lat.J 
 phlegm. 
 
 PITUI'TOUS, Adj. [pitvitcfas, Lar, 
 pituitfux, Fr.j confining of, or full of 
 phlegm. 
 
 PllY, S. \ phie, F. phta, Ital.] tlie 
 quality of feeling or compafilnnating tiie 
 pains of one another. A ground or object 
 cf pity. 
 
 To PITY, V. A. 10 fympathife, or feel 
 the mif'ormnes of another iVeuterly, to be 
 compaffionate. 
 
 Pl'VOT, S. [Fr.] a pin on which .-ny 
 thing turns. 
 
 FIX, S [fsxh, Lat.] a chefl in which 
 the confecratcd hod: is kept in churches. A 
 chert wherein pieces of evfry coin are depo- 
 fited for trial by ailiv-maffcrs. 
 
 PLA'CABLE, Acij, [{LcchJh, Lat.] will- 
 ing or poITible to be appea'ad. 
 
 PLAC.-^BFLITY.PLA CAELENESS, S. 
 the quality of being willing or lafy to be ap- 
 peafed. 
 
 PLA'CARD, PLA'CART, _S. [phkacrt, 
 Belg. placard, Fr.] a declaration or mani- 
 fefto. 
 
 A a a a To
 
 P L A 
 
 P L A 
 
 To PLA'CATE, V. A. f^/jtv», Lat.] to j out ornament, glofs, or artifice. Evidently j 
 appejfc ; to reconcile. This word is lUl-d in clearly. 
 
 Scotland. 
 . PLACE, S. [Fr. pljxz-), TtaK fkte.i, Lat.] 
 
 PLA'INNESS, S. the quality of being 
 fmooth or level. The qviality of being free 
 
 that part of immoveable fpace which any i from ornament, deceit, fraud, or ohkurity, 
 body pollellcs. The relation of diftance be- 1 PLAINT, S. [fi'tii/tie, Fr.] an open ex- 
 tween any thinjj, and any two or more points, | prcffion of iorrow and grief, A complaint, 
 confidered as keeping the fame did a nee one PLA'INTI UL, Adj. complaining audi- 
 with another. A feat or refidence. A paflagc bly forrowful. 
 
 in a book. lixiflenco or Hate of operating. PLAI'NTIFF, S. [phtntif, Fr.] one that 
 Rank. Prudence. ' An office or public cm- , commences a fiiit againd another, 
 ployment. Room. Ground. A kind of area PL.^l'NTIF, Adj. complaining. ^' Plain- 
 
 fiirroiinded with houfes, foir.eiimes Called a 
 court. 
 
 To PL.^CE, V. A. to put info nnv place, 
 rank or condition. To fix ortflablifli. To 
 put out at interell, applied to money. 
 
 PLACID, AJj. [flacUui, Lat.] gentle, 
 quiet. Kind, mild. 
 
 PLACID'ITY, S. \jladdltjs, Lat.] qulet- 
 ncfs ; pcaccahlenefs. 
 
 PLa'CIITLY, Adv. in a gentle, kind, or 
 mild man:icr. 
 
 PLA'CIT, S. \ihcitum. L?.t.] a decree. 
 
 PLA'CKET, or' Pi.A'QUET, S. a pet- 
 tico.-it. 
 
 PLA'GIARISM, S. [from /^.W.L-rj] theft, 
 or the a€t of dealing the thoughts of, ur the 
 works of an author, without owning it. 
 
 PL'L'GIARY, S. one who makes ufe of 
 the thoughts of an author as if they were 
 liis own. 
 
 PLAGUE, S. [tl.:ghe,^<i\i.ph!g<;TeMl. 
 fiacre-, Vzn. placr/i, Lat. ■nXr.yn, Gr.J a mortal 
 and contagious difeafe. A date of mifery. 
 Any thing eminently troublcfome. 
 
 To PLAGUE, V. A. to inii!<fl with a 
 mortal diilafe. To vex, torment, or teazs. 
 
 PLA'GUILY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to torment or vex much. A low word. 
 
 /'LA'GUY, S. vexatious or trcnblefome. 
 
 PLAICE, S, l;.h:!c, Beig.] a dat fifh. 
 
 PLAID, S. [Scot. ;/;;,', KulT'. plafi, Seal - 
 fl.y},.Bah. plafh, Dalm. phjjh, Pol " 
 
 i'.j of a wo md." r,'i:r. Not in ufe. 
 
 PLAl'N n v'E, Adj. exprcflivc of forrow, 
 or complaint. 
 
 PLa'INVVORK, S. needle-work without 
 any embroidery. 
 
 PLAIT, S. [corrupted from pUglt, or 
 i!y~lt, of f/y, to fold] a fold or double. 
 
 To PLAIT, V. A. to fold or double. To 
 weave or braid, applied to hair. 
 
 PLA'ITER, b. he that plaits. 
 
 PLAN, S. [Fr.] a fcheme, form or mo- 
 del. A plot of any building or form of any 
 tiling, laid down on paper. 
 
 To PLAM, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 r.'ieme ; to form in defign. 
 
 PLA'NAR Y, Adj. belonging to a plane. 
 
 PLA'NCHED, Adj. [from phucb, Fr.] 
 made of hoards. " A p/ancheil gite." Stak. 
 
 PPA'NCHER, S. [Fr.] a board or plank. 
 
 PLAN CHING, S. in carptntry, the lay- 
 ing the doors in a building. 
 
 >LANF, S. Ip.hiK.s, Lat. PUn is ufcd 
 in popubr language, and f!ar,e\n geometry] 
 a level furface. An inflrumcnt ufed in fmoolh- 
 ing or levelling the furface of boards. 
 
 To PLANE, V. A. [plater:., Fr.] to make 
 level. To fmooth wifii a plane. 
 
 PLA'N^ET, S. [p.'jiieta, Lat. plariittc, Fr. 
 from TrXavaa', Or.] a dar, which changes its 
 Hiuat.on in the heavens and round an oibit. 
 
 PLA'NETARY, Adj. \planctahi, Fr.J of 
 a Ihort I the nature of a phnct. Belonging to, or un- 
 cloak] a ftriped or variegated cloth. An ! der (he dominion of a planet- 
 outer loofe wzc'^i foinierly worn by the high- 1 I'LANE'TIC.AL, Adj. pertaining to pla- 
 landcrs in Scotland, but forbidden by adt of' nets. 
 
 parliirr.ent. 
 
 PLAIM, Adj. \pl n-n, Lat.] fmooth ; 
 level; free from rigidnefs. Void of ornament. 
 ArtLfs. Unlearned. Open. Mere. Evident, 
 clear, appiied to truths. Not varied by art, 
 applied to myfic. 
 
 PLAIN, Adv. eafily difcovered; Didlmftly, 
 •Trticulatel)', applied to pronunciation. In a 
 fimplc, open, rough, biit fincere manner. 
 
 PL.AIN, S. icvtl ground. 
 
 To I'LaIN, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 level; to m:'ke even 
 
 PLA'INDEALIIsG, Adj. ading wiiJioct 
 artifice. 
 
 PL.VINDEALING, S. condu.f^ free from 
 artifice. 
 
 PLAINLY, Adv.. hvcllT ; flatly; wlth- 
 
 I LA'NETSTR UCK, \di.blaned.Lunctic. 
 
 PL.VN'IFOLIOUS, Adj'. [plaiws .nnd /c- 
 I'luni, Lat.] in botany, having plain leaves, 
 fet together in circular rows round a center. 
 
 PLANIL'OQUY, S, [i.L7:Ucqulum. Lat.] 
 fpeaking plainly. 
 
 FLANIME'TRY, S. [pUnus and (At- 
 T.-'iij the menfurat'on of piuin fnrfaces. 
 ' PLAN li'E'T.-. LOUS, Adj. [pknus, Lat. 
 and TT-TaXty] flat leaved, as when the fmall 
 flovveis arc lioilow only at the liotiom, but 
 il It upward.s, as dandelion and fiiccorv. 
 
 '1 o PLA'N'rSH, V. A. to teat, pdiiib, or 
 fmoorli IiV a hammer, - 
 
 I'LA'X'ISIIER, S. one who beats plate 
 fmooth, or raifcs it in various forms by 
 means of a hammer, 
 
 PLA'XI5PIiERE,
 
 P L A 
 
 , PLA'NISPHERE, S. [p/anus, Lat. nn.l 
 ffherc] a fphere projedted on a phne. 
 
 PLANT lY, S. [p/unitas, Lat.J evennefs, 
 phinnefs. 
 
 PLANK, S. [flanchc, Fr.] a thick, long 
 ami (Irong boarJ. 
 
 To PLANK, V. A. to cover with plank. 
 
 PLANOCO'NICAL, Adj. [planus and 
 C6»«i] ievclon one hdc and conical on others. 
 
 PLA'NOCONVEX, S. [planus and con- 
 <vexus^ flat on the one fide and convex on the 
 other. 
 
 PLANT, S. [Fr. plarta, Lat.] an organi 
 cal body, deftitute of ienfe, prodnced i>y the 
 earth, to which it adheres by its roots, and 
 receives its nature from if, A fapling. 
 
 To PLANT, V. A. to fet in the earth in 
 order to giovv. To place or fit. To fcitle 
 a country. To dirsd: properly, applied to 
 cannon. 
 
 PLA'NTAGE, S. an herb. 
 
 PLA'NTAIN, S. [Fr.j an herb. A tree 
 in the V/eft-Indies. 
 
 PLA'NTAL. Adj. belonging to plant's. 
 
 PLANTA'TION, S. the att or praftice 
 of planting. A place planted. A colony. 
 Introduflion or cilahlifhment. 
 
 PLA'NTER, S. one that fets or cultivates 
 any vegetable. One that fpreads or introduces 
 a doiftrine or religion. 
 
 PLASH, S. [plafche, Belg. pktx, Dan.] 
 a puddle or fmall piece of /landing water. 
 Wet occafioned by difhing water in walking, 
 or by fome accident. 
 
 To PLASH, V. A. to hitervveave branches. 
 To wet by dathing water. 
 
 PLASM, S. ['K\aa-!A.a, Gr.] a matrix in 
 which any thing is call. 
 
 PLA'STER, or PLA'ISTER, S. [/./^,y?rf, 
 JFr.] a fubfUnce made of water and lime, &c. 
 with which walls are covered. A glutinous 
 falve, from cmplaflrum, Lat. formerly writ- 
 ten in Englifh cmplajlcr. 
 
 To PLA'STER, or PLALST, V. A. 
 [plajlrcr, Fr.] to cover with plaifter. To 
 cover as with plaiflcr. To cover with fome 
 glutinous fubltanre or emplafler. 
 
 PLAI'STEKER, S. one who undertakes 
 or profelTes plaiflering. 
 
 PLA'STIC, Adj. 1 3-^.t5-fy.i'?, Gr.] having 
 the power of giving form to. 
 
 PLASTOG'RAl'HY, S. [TrXas-^jpafa, 
 • Gr.] a counterfeiting, or falfe writing. 
 
 PLA'STRON, S. (Fr.j a piece of leather 
 fluffed, ufed by pcrfons'to receive the thrulls 
 made in learning to fence. 
 To PLAT, V. A. to weave. 
 PLAT, S. [properly ^/if, irovaplat, Za^.'] 
 a (mall piece of ground. 
 
 PLATE, S. [Bclg] a piece of metal heat 
 into breadths. Wrought lilver. A finall 
 Ihallow veflel on which meat is eaten, from 
 {■lat, Fr. 
 
 To PLATE, V. A. to cover with plates. 
 To beat into thin pieces. 
 
 P L A 
 
 PLATEN, S. among printers, the flat 
 part of a prefs whicli mikes ilie imprefTion. 
 
 PLA'TFORM, S. \plat, Fr. ^nd form} 
 the llietch of any thing delineated on an ho- 
 rozontal or plain furface. A place laid out 
 after a model. The level place before a for- 
 tification. A fchemeor plan. 
 
 PLA'TICK afpea, in ailio'ogy, is a ray 
 cad from one planet to another^ not cxy£lly, 
 but v^ithin the orbit of its own li'^ht.' 
 
 PLATOO'N, S. [a corruption of fchfor, 
 Fr.] a fmall fi]uare body of' forty or fifty 
 mufketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot, 
 when they form the hollow fquare. 
 
 PLA'TTER, S. a large dlfii of wooden 
 or earl!ien-ware. 
 
 PLA'UDIT.PLAU'DITE, S. [from/.W- 
 dUe, Lat.] a demand of applaufe made by 
 a player, when he left the itagcj applauk. 
 A Ihout. 
 
 PLAUSrniLITY, S. [thuJlhUh^. Fr.] 
 appearance of rieht, though not fo. 
 
 PL.A'USIBLE, Adj. [Vu pkifibillh, Lat.] 
 fuch as gains approbation from its appearing 
 true or riglit, when it is really not fo. 
 
 PLA'USIBLENESS, S. the quality of ap- 
 pearing true or right, when it is not fo, 
 
 PLA'USIBLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 to appear right v\hen not fo. 
 
 PLA'USIVE, Adj. [from plaudo, Lat.J 
 applauding j plaufible. 
 
 To PLAY. V. N. [pl-^an, f^ax.] to exer- 
 cife one's felf in fpurts, pkafnres.orpanimes. 
 To toy. To bedifmilled from work. To de- 
 ceive by an afliimed character, nfed with upon. 
 To game. To move wantoriiv- To acl a 
 part in a drama. To aft or afliime any cha- 
 rafler. To touch a mu.lcal inflrument. 
 
 PLAY, S. difminion from work. Amufe- 
 ment. A dramatic performance in which 
 charadlers are introduced and perfonated. 
 Game. Aftion. The act of touching or 
 founding a mufical inflrument. A flate o£ 
 agitation or motion. Liberty of afting. 
 
 PLA'YBOOK, S. a book containing dra- 
 matic compofitions. 
 
 PL.A'Y'DAY", S. a day in which work is 
 abflaincd from. 
 
 PLA'^ER, S. one that performs any cha- 
 rafter on the flage. One engaged in gaming. 
 
 FLA'YFELLO W, S. a c'on'ipanion in any 
 fport oramufemen!. 
 
 PLA'YFUL, Adj. fond cf {[^ort cr dlver- 
 fion. 
 
 PLA'YGAME, S. [play and game] play 
 of children. 
 
 PLA'YHOUSE, S. \phy and hcufe'] houfe 
 where dramatic performances arc reprcfent- 
 ed. 
 
 PL.'\'YPLE.A.SURJE,S. [play and pleaftirc'] 
 idle amiiremcnt. 
 
 PLA'YSOME, Adj. [play and fctr-c} wan- 
 ton ; full of levity. 
 
 PLA'YTHING, S. a toy or thing to play 
 with. 
 
 A 33 3 PLA'Y-
 
 P L E 
 
 p L r 
 
 PLA'YVVRIGHi, S. a writwof plays. | PLE'NARILY, [from />/ertrf;;f] in a full 
 PL!i:A, S. [p.'jy, old Fr j the set or form! or complete manner. 
 
 of plejdir.g. Any thing urgeJ in Jetence, 
 cxc'jfc, or vindication. 
 
 To VLVACH, V. A. !■?/#'', Fr.] to bend 
 or interwcavs. " Wiih /Acci.- arts." ^Lak. 
 Ob'ol tc. 
 
 To PLEAD, V. N. [pi'ahur, Fr.] to argue 
 before a cot! t ofjullicc. Jo lpeai< for or 
 ag.i:i:l. Adi.'elv, to defend, to alledge in 
 favour or argument. 
 
 PLRLAiJA'oLE, Adj. [£iom f/ead] capa- 
 ble to be alieus^eJ in plea. 
 
 PIEA'DER, S. ] {.Lhicur, Fr.] one who 
 argues in a couit of juflice. One who fpcaks 
 lor or ag.iuft. 
 
 PLEADING, S, [from tujd] ad or form 
 of pleading. 
 
 PLE.VSANCE, S. [paifance, Fr.] gaiety 
 or rcerriment 
 
 PLEA'S A NT, Adj \y>a:fa«t, Fr ] Riving 
 deiiyht. Grateful to the fenfes. Good hu- 
 ni'uved. Gay, or lively, i rifling, or more 
 apt to make a perfon Imile than produce con- 
 viif^i-'n. 
 
 PLt" A'SANTLY, Adv. in A;ch a manner 
 as to give delight. In good humour. Lightly, 
 or iudicroufly. 
 
 P.-E.VSANrNESS, S. the quality which 
 excites delight, gaiety, or p!e.ifnre. 
 
 PLF.A'SaNIRY, S. gaiety. A Iprightly 
 exprelllon ; lively talk. 
 
 PLE'NARY, Adj. [fl nus, Lat.J full or 
 complete. 
 
 PLE'NILUNARY, Adj ^flenilunlum^ 
 Lat.] pertaining to the full moon. 
 
 PLE'NIlPO.ENCi, S [fcmsmAfo- 
 tt-nt'u, Lau] f'jUneii of power 
 
 PLENTTO ry-.\ r, Adj.,/^m/)cr?«i,Lat.] 
 invci'ed with full power 
 
 PLEMPOTE\'TL\R Y, S a perfon in- 
 verted with dil'cretionary or full power. 
 
 PLF.'NLST, S. Ulc us, Lat I one that de- 
 nies a vacuum, or holds that all fpace is oc- 
 cupied by matter 
 
 P E'NITUDE, S.-rp'tnitudo, Fat.] fuU 
 nell., oppofed 'O emptinefs. Repletion, A- 
 bundance, or cxcefs. ( ompletenefs. 
 
 PlE'NTEOUS, .'\dj. abounding, copious; 
 in large -]uantities. Fruitful. 
 
 PLC'NTEOUSNEsS S.fruitfulnefs, The 
 quality of abounding. 
 
 Pofc'N' ; JFUL, .^ dj. copious j abounding 
 in larte r-udntities. Fruitful. 
 
 PLE'NTIFULLY, Adv. in a large, co- 
 pious, or abundant manner. 
 
 PLL'iV 1 FL'LNEiS, S. the ftate of being 
 in great quantities. 
 
 PLK'NTY, S. abundance. A quantity 
 more than enough. ."•. ftate in which evory 
 want ra uy be fupplied. 
 
 PLF.'ONAS.AL S. [fkonafm'; Fr. pleatiaf. 
 
 fo PLEASE, V.A.[f/a/;v,.^r. ^.'<7c«,Lat.]; WW, Lat.J in rhetoric, a figure in which 
 to delight, gratify, humour, fati>fy, or , more worcs are ufed than are necefTary. 
 contet^t. To id pLafcd, is ufed to imply, tol PLETHORA, S. [from ■nxn-aifa, Gr.] 
 like QX confcit. i o gain approbation. Neu-| the flate in which the vcllclsare fuUerof hu- 
 
 tcrly, to give plealure ; to gain approba- 
 tion. 
 
 PLEA'SINGLY, Adv. in Aich a manner 
 as to give fatisfaftion or dili^ht. 
 
 PLEAS'EMAN, S. a pickthank; an of- 
 fir.ioii.; fellow. 
 
 PLfiA'SURARLE, Acij. {puafure] af- 
 fo:di:ig grc.:t Jelijilit. 
 
 PLfcA'SL'ilE, S [plaifir, Fr.] the dc'ight 
 w!)ich ariies in the miiid from contemplation 
 or enjoyment of fomething agreeable. Gra- 
 jification of the paflions or feiifcs Appro- 
 bation- The diifaits oi the will; choice 
 
 To PLFA'aURK, V. A. to pLafe or gra- 
 I'fy. Though fuppoited by authorities, 
 tiiOUgbt by Jobnfon ^w inelegant word. 
 
 PLEBii'LAM, S [pkbcia::, Fr. plebcha, 
 L.it.] one of the common or lower people. 
 
 PLEBE'IAN, Adj. confining of mean 
 pe,-plc. Vulgar j low. 
 
 PLK15GE, S. [pklxe, Fr. prf^^-''^ 'f'''-J 
 any tiling given by way of fecuriry. 
 
 To FLV/dGR, v. A. to give as a fecurity. 
 To iiivice to drink, b^ accepting the cup or 
 hc.'lih ai'tcr another. 
 
 PLF.'DGET, S. [plajgbe, "^elg] a fmal! 
 ma''> of lint, ufed for woimJs. 
 
 PLE'L\i>S, or PLE'lADFS, S. [Lat. 
 Slid Gr,J ^noiihun conftcllatiou. 
 
 mouvs than is agreeable to a natural ftate or 
 health. 
 
 PLETHORETICK, PLETHCRICK, 
 Adj. [fxompkthora, Lat.] having a full habit. 
 
 HLE'TIiORY, S. the fulinefs of the 
 vcflels. 
 
 PLE'VIN, S. [pku-viiie, Fr.] in law, a 
 warrant or afFurance. 
 
 PLFU'RISY, S \pleuryic, Fr.]an inflam- 
 mation of the pleura 
 
 PLEU'RIiK, PLEURITICAL, Adj. 
 difcaled with a pleurify. 
 
 PLI'ABLE, .Adj. [Fr. from /.&/-, Fr. to 
 bend ■ eafy to be bent, or prevailed upon. 
 
 PLl ABLENESS, S ealincls to be bent. 
 
 PlPAKCY, S. the quality of being eafily 
 bent. 
 
 PLl'ANT, Adj. [Fr.] bending. Eafy to 
 take fiom. ronnliant or eafilv perfuaded. 
 
 PLl'i ATURE, PLLCA'nONj.S. [flico, 
 Lat.] fold ; double. 
 
 PLI'ERS, S. [from p!y] an inflrument by 
 which any thing is heJd in order to bend it. 
 
 roPLlGHP, V. A. \p/kJbcn, Bclg.] to 
 pledge or give as a fecurity. J o braid er 
 weave, from plko, Lat. whence to f./y or 
 bend, 3.nA pHg/.t, pkigbt, or pLit, a fold. 
 
 PLIGHT, S. a condidoo or ftate. Good 
 cafe. A pledge. 
 
 PLINTH,
 
 P L U 
 
 PLINTH, S. [ttXivSi?, Gr.] in archltec- 
 Uire, the fquare member which ferves as a 
 ioundiition to the bafe of a pillar. 
 
 PLO'CE, S. a figure in rhetoric, in which 
 a word, by way of emphafis, is fo feperated, 
 that it exprefTes not Only the thing fignified, 
 but alfo the quah'ty of it. 
 
 To PLOU, V. A. {pkeghat, Belg. to la- 
 bour] to toil, or labour hard. To ftudy 
 clofcly and in a dull manner. 
 
 PLO'DDER, S. a dull, heavy, and labo 
 rious man or ftudent. 
 
 PLOT, S. [fht. Sax. Sclav, Pol. Bob. 
 and Dalm. fhtno. Boh. fletL, Brit.] a fmall 
 extent of ground. A plantation. A form 
 or plan. A confpiracy, or recri.-t def/gn formed 
 again ft another. The intrigue of a play. A 
 ftratagem. Contrivance. 
 
 To PLOT, V. N. to formfchemes againft 
 another. To contrive. 
 
 PLO'TTER, S. confpirator ; contriver. 
 
 PLO'VER, S, [plu-vkr, Fr. pluvia/is, L^i.] 
 a kind of bird called a lapwing. 
 
 PLOUGH, S. [/>%, Sax.andDan./Zj^j'i, 
 Belg.] an infirument ufed in htifbandry, lo 
 cut furrows in the ground to receive the 
 feed. Alfo a kind of plane. 
 
 To PLOUGH, V. N. to turn up the 
 ground in furrows by a plough. To cut or 
 divide, applied to navigation. To tear in 
 furrows. 
 
 PLOU GHER, S. [from pkugh] one who 
 ploughs or cultivates ground. 
 
 PLOU'GHiMAN, S. [plough and man] 
 one that attends or ufes the plough, A grofs 
 ignorant ruftic. A ftrong laborious man. 
 
 J'LOU'GHMONDAY, S. the Monday 
 after twelfth- day. 
 
 PLOU'GH-SHARE, S. that piece of iron 
 which immediately follows the coulter. 
 
 To PLUCK, V. A. [pludan, Sax. pkckcn, 
 Be\g. p/ackeri, Teut.J to pull v;ith nimble- 
 ntCs and force. To ftrip off feathers, ap- 
 plied to fowls. To pluck up a heart or fpirit, 
 fignifies to afliime courage. 
 
 PLUCK, S. a (juick and forcible pull. 
 Alfo the heart, liver and lights of an animal, 
 from plufca, Pol. pluxhe, Sclav, phicl/ya, 
 DA\m.plyce, r:2\m.plughke, Erfe. The lungs. 
 
 PLUG, S. [plugge,SvitA. plugghe, Belg.] 
 a ftopple, or any thing driven by force into 
 another. 
 
 To PLUG, V. A. to flop with a plug. 
 
 PLUM, S. [ plum, plyme, plumileda, Say., 
 blumm, hlcme, Dan. fometimes \vx\ntn pluvih^ 
 it has a bell-fliaped cmpalement of one leaf 
 cut into five points, five large roundifli petals, 
 and from twenty to thirty ftamina. Its ger- 
 mcn is roundifii, fupporting a {lender liyle 
 crowned by an orbicular fligma, and after- 
 wards turns into a roundifli fruit, whofe fkin 
 is covered with a fine duft or bloom, and in- 
 eludes a ftone } the fpecies are 33. A raifin 
 or grape dried. In city raat, for the fum of 
 100,000 pounds. 
 
 P L U 
 
 PLU'MAGE, [Fr,] feathers. 
 
 PLUMB, S. [ptcftb, Fr. plumbum, Lat.] 
 a plummet or piece of lead let down at the 
 end of a line. 
 
 PLUMB, Adj. ftraitdoun; yerpendicu- 
 larly to the horizon 
 
 lo PLUMB, V. A. to found or fearch by 
 a line with a weight at its end. 1 o regulate 
 or meafure any work by a line or weight at 
 its end. 
 
 PLU'MBER, S. \pkmlkr, Fr] one who 
 manufaflures or works upon lead. 
 
 PLU'MCAKE, S. a cake that has raifins 
 in it. 
 
 PLUME, S.[Yx.pIuma^ Lat ] the feather 
 of a bird. A fet of feathers worn as .in or- 
 nament. Figuratively, piide. A token of 
 hoijour 01 prize 
 
 To PLUMK, V. A. to pick, cleanfe, and 
 adjuft the feathers. To flrip off fcithers, 
 from plume r, Fr. Figuratively, to ftrip ojr 
 plunder. To place as a plume To adorn 
 with a plume. To pride one's felf in any 
 thing. 
 
 PLUME-ALLUM, S, [alumcn plumofum^ 
 Lat. J a kind of afteftos. 
 
 PLUMPGKROUS, Adj \plumaandgero^ 
 Lat.] having feathers j feathered. 
 
 PLUMPPEDE, a fowl that has feathers 
 on its feet. 
 
 PLU'MMET, S, [from plumb] a weight 
 of lead on a ftring, by which depths are mea- 
 furcd, and ftraitnefs and perpendicularity is 
 determined. Any weight. A kind of pen- 
 cil made of common lead, ufed in drawing 
 lines in writing-books. 
 
 PLXJMO'SITY, S. the flate of having 
 feathers. 
 
 PLU'MOUS, Adj. [plumeux, Fr. fltirno' 
 Jus, Lat. ) feathery ; refembling feathers, 
 
 PLUMP, Adj. fleek ; full of flefh. Fat- 
 
 PLUMP, S. a cluftcr; fevcral joined in 
 one mafs. 
 
 PLUMP, Adv. with a fudden fall. 
 
 To PLUMP, V. A to fatten, fwell, or 
 make large. To fall like lead or a ftone into 
 water. 
 
 PLU'MPEP., S. fomething held in the 
 mouth to fwell out the cheeks. 
 
 PLU'MPNESS, S. t!ie ftate of being 
 flefhy, fat, or in good cafe. 
 
 PLU'MV, Adj. [pluma, Lat.] covered 
 with feathers. 
 
 To PLU'NDER, V. A \ plunderen, Belg.' 
 plundern, Teut. plyaderer, Dan. t to deprive 
 a ptrfon of hi; property, either as an enemj 
 in war, or as a thief. 
 
 PLU'NDER, S. fpoils gotten from an 
 enemy in war. 
 
 PLU'NDFRER, S, one who takes away 
 the property of another as an enemy in war, 
 or as a thief. 
 
 lo PLUNGE, V. A. [plonger, Fr.] to 
 force fuddenly under water or in any liquor. 
 To put fuddenly into a different ftate. Neu- 
 A a a 4 tcrly.
 
 P L Y 
 
 teicly, to fall or ruHi into any haziiu or dif- 
 trefs. 
 
 PLUNGE, S. the act of putting or fink- 
 ing und;;r water ; dtfficuky ; diftrcfs. 
 PLU'NCr.ON, S. a fea bird. 
 PLU'NKET, S. a kind of blue colour. 
 PLU'RAL, Adj. [flui-aih, Lat.] imply 
 ing more than one- In grammar, a variation 
 of a noun, by which it fi.'jnifies in Englifh 
 and Modern languages more than one. 
 
 PLURA'LIST. S. [pluraliftc, Fr. I one 
 that h'^lds more than one ecclefiaflical bene- 
 fice with cure of ioa!s. 
 
 PLU'RALITY, S. [flurafu/., Fr.] the 
 fl'atcof being or having a great nnnilier. A 
 number more than one. More than one ec- 
 clefiafHcal living. A maj-^rity. 
 
 PLU'RALLY, Adv. in a lenfc implying 
 more than one. 
 
 PLU'RIES, S. is a writ in"ned out after 
 two former writs that had no effeift. The 
 firft called Capias ; the fecond ikut ahus ; 
 and the third PLrhs. 
 
 PLUSH, S. [fduche, Fr.] a kind of (haggy 
 cloth or filk. 
 
 PLUSHER, S. a fea-fi(h, refembling a 
 dog fifh, which preys upon pilchards. 
 
 PLU'ViAL, PLU'VIOUS, Adj. [from 
 flwv'ij, Lat.] lainy ; relating to rain. 
 
 PLU'VIAL, S. [plu-uial, Fr] a prieft's 
 cope. 
 
 To PLY, V. A, [pne;i, old Belg] to work 
 at any thing with diligence and afliduity. 
 To employ with diligence. To praclice diii- 
 gcntly. To foiicit importunately. Nenter- 
 ]y, to work or proffer ler vice. Togoin hafte. 
 To bufy one's fcif. To bend, fiom piier, 
 Is. . . 
 
 PLY, S. a bent, turn, fonHj cafl, or bias. 
 A plait or fold, 
 
 \ FLY MOUTH, S. the antierit- Tsmdra 
 Cfilum, at the junftion of the Plym' and Ta- 
 mar, s borough and fine fea-port of Devon- 
 ihire, the largeft and fafelf in England, with 
 two harbours capable of containing looo 
 Ijii, and very fironj^iy fortified. It lies be- 
 tween two large inlets of the fea, in the 
 bottom of a bay, near the entrance to which 
 is Edydone liglit-houfe, &c, Here is a royal 
 yard, with a dry and wet dock for building 
 and repairing of ihips ; alfo a chaiity-fchgol, 
 four hofpitals, and a work-houl'e, where 
 above loopoorxhildrcn are retained. Colonel 
 Jory was a generous bencfaflor to this place. 
 Gn the coaft is a good pilchard fifhtry, and 
 V iih thefea trade i' carried on to thcStreiglits 
 and Wcit Indies. It is a mayor-lown, very 
 populous, and fends two members to par- 
 liament. Here is plenty of water hroutjiu 
 hither at tlie coft of the famous fjilors Sir 
 Francis Drake, J^ir John and Sir Richard 
 ilawkins, all three natives of this country. 
 Here aie tuo fine churches, wiih tv.'o or 
 three meeting lioufes. It gives title of earl 
 tp a branch of the Flickmsn fan.ily. Tlic 
 
 P O E 
 
 weekly markets are Monday, Thurfday, and 
 .Saturday. Its annual fairs are on January 25. 
 and September 21, for horned cattle, and 
 woilen-cloth. It lies 4a miles from Fxeter, 
 and 215 from London. Lat. 5odeg. zSmin. 
 N. long 4 deg 27 min. W. 
 
 PNfcUMA'TIC, PNEUMA'TICAL,Adj. 
 [from nvB-jya, Gr.j moved by the wind ; 
 belonging to the wind. 
 
 PNEUM.VTICS, S. a branch of mecha- 
 nics, which comprehends the doftrine or 
 laws according to which air is condenfed,- 
 rarified or gravitates. In the fchoob, the 
 doctrine of fpirits. 
 
 PNEUMATOCETE, S. [Gr.] a windy 
 rupture in the fcrotum. 
 
 PK'EUfvfATOL'OGY, S. ['rrMvf^a, and 
 Xe^s;, Gr.j the doiftrine of fpiritual exift- 
 ence. 
 
 PNi UMATO'SIS, S. [Gr.] the genera- 
 ti.>n of animal fpirits, which is performed in 
 the cortical uibffance of the brain. 
 
 To PO.-.CH, V A. [orvfs fochex, Fr.] 
 to boil nightly or in the WtW. To (tab, kill, 
 or pierce, Neuterly, to fteal or kill game. 
 To be damp. 
 
 PO'ACKARD. S. a kind of water fowl. 
 
 P0'A':HER, S 01 e who (}eils g:me. 
 
 PO'ACHINESS, S. marlhnefs; d^smpncfs. 
 A c.nt \Aord, 
 
 POACHY, Adj. damp ; marfhy. 
 
 POCK, S. [fccca, Sax.] a puKule raifcj 
 by the fn-allpcx. 
 
 POCKET, S. [pcche, Fr.] a fmall bag 
 fovxn to, or vi-orn on tlie inflde of cloaths. 
 
 To PO'CKET, V. A. \ pochcter, Fr.] to 
 put in the pocket. To pocket up, is te con- 
 nive at ; to do any thing clandeflinely. 
 
 PO'CKET-BOOK, S. a book carried in 
 the pocket, and ufed in taking minutes or 
 memorandums. 
 
 PO'CK-HOLE, S. a pit or fear made by 
 tlie fm^ll-pox. 
 
 PO'CKINESS, S. the quality of being 
 affecfled with the pox. 
 
 PO'CKY, Adj. affcaed with the pox. 
 
 POCU'LENT, Adj [/sW:.'^/,■, Lar.] fit for 
 drink. 
 
 POD, S. [hod, krde, Belg. a little houfe] 
 the capfule or cafe of feeds. 
 
 FODA'GRICAL, Adj. [from podaugra, 
 Lat. J a.*H:£>ed with the gout j gouty ; relat- 
 ing to the gout. 
 
 PODGE, S. a puddle. 
 
 POEM, S. {po(n:c, Fr p'^cw.a, Lat.] the 
 wofk or compofition of a poet. 
 
 PO'KSY, S. [p<fic, Fr. foef.^, Lat.] the 
 art of writing in verfe. A ftcrt conceit en- 
 graved on a ring. 
 
 PO'ET, S. {pccte, Fr. poc:a, Lat.] an 
 autiior who invents or compofcs in verfe. 
 
 POETA'STER, S. [Lat. J an ignorant 
 pretender to poetry. 
 
 PO'ETESS, S.a woman who compofes or 
 writci in verlc, 
 
 POL'TIC,
 
 P O I 
 
 ' POE'Tin, POE'TICAL, Adj. {poenque, 
 Fr.J exprelU'd in verfc; having :ill the har- 
 
 mony of numbers and fertility of invention oiis 
 
 that conftitiue a poet or poem 
 • POETICALLY, Adv. with all the har- 
 mony of numbers and fertility of invention 
 that conftitute a poem or poet. 
 
 To PO'ETIZE, V. N. [pctlfer, Fr.J to 
 write hke a poet. 
 
 PO'ETRY, S. [Trci'.T^u., Gr.] the art of 
 compofmg pieces in verfe. Pitces in verfc. 
 
 POI'GN'ANCY, S. [f)om/>o/VM«f]fh3rp- 
 aefs. The power of raifmg a biting ft-nfa- 
 tion in the palate. Afperity, or the power 
 of irritstino;, applied to w'lirings. 
 
 POIGNANT, Adj. [Fr.J ih^rp, applied 
 to talle. Severe or painful, Satirical ; keen, 
 applied to writings. 
 
 POXt^T, 'iApcint.poinS, Fr. from f annum, 
 Lat.] the fliarp end of any instrument. A 
 ftring with a tag at the end. An headland or 
 promontory. The fling of an epigram. An 
 indivifible part of fpace. A quantity that has 
 no parts. A moment, applied to time. A 
 part required of time or fpsce j a critical mo- 
 ment. Degree or ftate. One of the degrees 
 into which the horizon or mariner's compafs 
 is divided. A particular place to which any 
 thing is dircd^ted. Refpe<ft or regard. An 
 aim, or the aift of aiming or fl^riking. The 
 objcft of a perfon's wilh or a<ftion. A parti- 
 cular indnnce or example. A fingle pofition 
 
 P O L 
 
 poi.'bns ; a corrupter. 
 
 I OPiONOUS, Adj. defiru£live, pcrnici- 
 
 POPSONOUSLY, Adv. [f:om pdfouom\ 
 venomoufly. 
 
 PGI'TREL, S. [poiare!, feitrwe, Yr.pet- 
 tcrale, Ital. peBora'.e, Lat.J armour for the 
 bread. A graving tool. 
 
 POIZE, S. \poids, Fr.] weight, force, or 
 tending towards the center. B.iJance, or the 
 ftate of a balance in which both fcalcs conti- 
 nue even. A regulating power. 
 
 To POIZE, V. A. [fejc, Fr.] to balance 
 or hold in equilibrio. 'J'o counter-!)alance. 
 To opprefs with weight, followed by dcnvr.. 
 
 POKE, S. [it:^ Pocket J a pocket or 
 fmall brg. 
 
 To POKE, V. A. {poha, Swed.] to feed 
 in the dark. To fearch for any thing with 
 a Icng indrument or pole. 
 
 PU'KER, S. an iron- bar ufed to flir fires 
 with. . 
 
 PO'LAND, S. a large kingdom, almofi: 
 fquare, and about 700 miles either way. It is 
 bounded on the N. by PrulPa, Livonia, Cour- 
 land. Rudia, and the Baltic ; on the E. by 
 archer part of Rnllia and Little Tartary; on 
 the S. by the river iWoldaw, Tmnfylvania, 
 Upper Hungary and Walachia, biing fepara- 
 tcd from the two laft but one by the Carpa- 
 thian mountain ; and on the W. by Silefia, 
 Brandenburgh, and Pomcrania. The coun- 
 
 adertion. A note or tune. " A /"m;?? of [ try is almoft level througliout, with exceed- 
 xvar." Sbak, Point blank, dire(ft-ly alluding ing fruitful fields, fine meadows, and plea- 
 to an arrow's being fhot to tht point blank, or fant woods. In general it produces all forts 
 
 white mark. A mark ufed to diflinguilh the 
 divifions of a difcourfe, thHs (.) 
 
 To POINT, V. A. to furge or grind to a 
 /harp end or point. To dired towards an ob- 
 jeft. To dirett the eye or notice. To fliou- 
 by direfting the finger towards an objccl'. To 
 flireift towards a place, from pointer, Fr. To 
 didinguilh words or fentences by marks or 
 'flops. To Ihow, applied to hounds. 
 
 POI'NTED, Part, fiiarp at the end. Fpi- 
 grammaticT or abounding in wit. 
 
 PO'INTEDLY, Adv. [nom pointed] in a 
 pointed manner. 
 
 POI'NTED'.'JESS, S. \{'x<,m pointed] (harp- 
 nefs ; pickednefs with afperity j epigramma- 
 tical ftnartncfs. 
 
 POPNTEL, any thing on a point. 
 
 POPNTEH, S. any thing ufed to Ihow or 
 i\te(X with. A dog that difcovers game to 
 fporifmen. 
 
 P0I'NTLT;SS, Adj. elunt. Dull. 
 
 POISE. See Poize. 
 
 POl'SON, S. [Fr.J in medicine, an ani- 
 mal, vegetable or mineral body, which de- 
 flroys life though taken in fmall quantities. 
 Venom. 
 
 To POl'SON, V. A. to kill with any mi- 
 neral, animal, or vcgetabLe fubllancc. To 
 conuDt or taint. 
 
 i'OPjN;-:R, S. [fiom pc-ijo-] one who 
 
 of grain, particularly wheat and rye, feveral 
 hundred (hip- loads of which are annually 
 exported by the Dutch to fuch countries as 
 have a fcarcity of corn ; here they have alfo 
 cattle in great numbers, with which they 
 fupply Germany; likewife fait, honey, wax, 
 W(;ol, and othtr ufcful commodities, as flax, 
 hemp, and hide?, with manulaflures of li^ 
 nen and Idther, which they export, as well 
 as mafts and naval flores^ bringing home in 
 return, wine, fpice.«, clotli, filk, and rich 
 fluffs, fiise linens, pearls, gems, filver, cop- 
 per, tin, flecl, furs, ^c. But the balance of 
 trade is much againfl tliem, having very few 
 fliips or port-towns bcfides Dantzick. They 
 have fome mines of iron, lead, qnickfilver, 
 vitriol, and fulphur : yet they make more 
 advantage of their f.ilt mines a»d fprings 
 than of any other. Long, from 34 deg. to 
 50 deg. lat. from 47 deg. 50 min. to 56 deg. 
 30 min. 
 
 POLAR, Adj. [folair, Fr. ptlaris, Lat.] 
 found near the pole. Lying near the pole. 
 
 POLARITY, S, tendency or diredlioii 
 towards the pole. 
 
 POLE, S. [Fr. pclm, Lat. the extremity 
 of the axis of the earth. A long flatf, from 
 ^^ahis, Lat.] a tjll piece of timber driven into 
 the ground, A meafure containing five yards 
 .uid an half. An lullrument of meafuring, 
 5 To POLE,
 
 POL 
 
 To POLE, V. A. to furnidi with poles. 
 
 POLE AXE, S. iui axe fixed to a long 
 pole. 
 
 POLE-CAT, S. {or peli/b-cat, Co calleJ 
 trom their abounding in Poland] a kinil ot 
 wild cat remarkable lor iliiiking. 
 
 PO'LEDAVIF.S, S. a fort ot coarfe cloth. 
 
 I'OLE'MIC, POLE'MICAL, Adj. TrcXe 
 a\iiH, Gr.] controverlial ; relating todifpute. 
 
 POLEMIC, S. a difputant. 
 
 POLE'IVIOSCOPF, S. fTToXE^e;, and ^x»- 
 «;'«, Gr.] in optics, is a kind ot crooked or 
 obliqyg peripective glafs, contrived for feeing 
 ohje(Jh that do not lie dire<ftly before the eye. 
 
 "POLE-STAR, S. a ftar near the pole, by 
 ■vi'hfch mariners compute theii N. latitude. 
 i'ij;iir;;tiv'eiy, any guide or direflor. 
 
 P O I, 
 
 PO'LITY, S. \'jo>.:iH<t, Gr.] a form c? 
 government; a civil inllitution. 
 
 POLL. S. [from ttcX:;, Gr.] the head ; 
 ihc back part of the head. A lift of perfons 
 or heads. A filh generally called a chub or 
 chevin. 
 
 To POLL. V. N. to lop the tops of trees. 
 To pull off h.nir from. the head; to dip (hort. 
 To mow or crop. T o plunder. To take a 
 lifl or regifttr of perfons. To enter one's 
 name iii a lilt or regifter at an cleftion, as a 
 voter. 
 
 PO'LLARD, S. a tree-lopp'id. A clipped 
 coin. Thechub-filh. Alfo fmall bran. 
 
 PO'LLEN, S. fine powder or meal on 
 flower.';. A kind of fine bran. 
 
 ro'LLER, S. a plunderer. One that cn- 
 
 PO'LICE, ( Fr.J the regulation or govern- ', ters his name as a voter at an election, 
 ment of a city or country, as far as it refp£<n;s; POLL EVIL, S. a large fwelling, in- 
 the inhabitants flammation, or impodhume in a horfe's poll, 
 
 PO'LICED, Adj. regulated or formed in- or nape of the neck between the ears near 
 to a fociery. the m..ne. 
 
 PO'LICV, S. f wo>.,'?£:a, Gr. /.o/.V/i, Lat.] PO'LLO K, S. a kind of fi(h. 
 •he art of government as it rcfpccfts foreign j To POLLU'TE, V. A. [pollutes, from 
 powers. Prudence ia the management of af- \f,cUuo, Lat.] to render unclean in a religious 
 fairs. A flralagem. A warrant for money 1 fenic. To defile. To taint with guilt. To 
 in thepilMic funds. An inflrument or paper corrupt by iome bad mixture, 
 figncd by anv fingle perfon or company to' POLLU'TION, S. the aft of profaning 
 indemnify from lofles by fea or fire. .my holy tiling or place, by fome indecency. 
 
 To PO LISH, V. A. [polio, Lat. pdlr, Fr ] I The ftate of being defiled, 
 to fmooth by rubbing. To make tleg;:nt or j I'OLTRO'ON, S. a perfon who is afraid 
 well beh.ivtd, applied to manners. To make : of danger. A dallardly coward, 
 perfeft, complete, or elegant. Neutcrly, to PO'LY, S [pc/i m, Lat. J an herb, 
 anfwtr iIk'.i^I of polilhing; to receive a g!off. | PO'LY, [from ttoXu, Gr. | a prefix often 
 
 POLISH, S. a glofs made by rubbing. | found in compound word.s, fignifies many. 
 F.lcg:mce applied to manners. | POLY'ACOL'S ". ICK, S. [7r»XK';and«x(;y'a>, 
 
 POLISHER, S. the perfon or inflrument Gr ] any tiling that multiplies or magnifies 
 
 tliat makes fmcoth or gives a glofs 
 
 PO'LITE, Ad], ijciitus^ Lat.] glofTy; 
 fnooth; alfo neat, well-behaved, genteel. 
 
 POLl'TELY, Adv. in an elegant or well- 
 bred manner. 
 
 POLl'TENESS, S. the quality of behav- 
 ing with elefiant complaifance. 
 
 POLITIC, AJj. [Tto-K^Mo;, Gr.] civil; 
 in this i'cnCc po'hhal is generally ufed, except- 
 ing when we fay the My Politic. Prudent, 
 artful, cunning. Skilled in the intereft of 
 V ii'>us ftates. 
 
 COLI'TICAL, Adj. [ffoXJixjc, Gr.] re- 
 lating to the public adminiftraiion of affairs; 
 Cunning. 
 
 POLI'TICALLY, Adv. [from fcndca!] 
 with relation to public adminiftration. Art- 
 fully; politicly. 
 
 POLITIC.\'STER, S. a petty ignorant 
 pretender to politics. 
 
 POLIT T'CIAN, S. one (killed in govern- 
 meiU, or in the interefl of the various fhues 
 of the world. One of artifice or deep con- 
 trivance. 
 
 PO'LITICS, S. [{eUtiqve, Fr.J the art of 
 governing and well- regulating Hates. 
 
 founds. 
 
 POLY'ANTHOS, S. [««\i;'f, and a.Sof, 
 Gr.] a plant. 
 
 POLYE'DRTCAL, POLY'EDROUS, 
 Adj. [from otoXu sJji/j, Gr. fc/ycdre, Jfr.J 
 having many fides. 
 
 POLYGAMIST, S. [fiom foligamyl wh» 
 has more ihan one wife at once. 
 
 POLYGAMY, S. [from ttoXu, and >«/»«{, 
 Gr ] the ftate of having more wivcsthan one 
 at once. 
 
 PO'LYGLOT, Adj. fwtXuVXKTT.f, Gr. 
 polyglotte, Fr.] having many languages. 
 
 PO'LY GON, Adj. I from woXi/?, yiwKa, Gr.] 
 a figure of many angles 
 
 PO'LYGO\AL, Adj. [from /eiyfo*] 
 having many angles. 
 
 PO'LYGRAM,S.[?roXy"fand>'fov/u«,Gr.] 
 a figure confifling of a great number of lines, 
 
 POLY'GRAPHY, S. [^roXu'?, and j^fa-fn^ 
 Gr.] the art of writing in fevcral unufual 
 manners or cyphers. 
 
 POLY'LOGY, S. [-^sAv «, and Xeyof, Gr. J 
 talkativenefs. 
 
 POLY'MATHY, S [-Kokvi and (xLi^niXt 
 Gr.J the knowledgeof many artsand fciences; 
 
 PO'LiTURE, S. the 2'o's S'^c'i by the 'alto an acgjair.tancc witii many different 
 clof poliOiinL'. ■ IfuVeils. 
 
 " J rOLY'PHONISM,
 
 POM 
 
 P O M 
 
 POLY'PHONTSM, 5. [vo\v<, and ^(wv«, i tTmate friend of Pomfret's, has cleared his 
 
 Or.] multiplicity of found 
 
 POLYHETaLOUS, Adj. {troXu, and -iri- 
 TaXcv] having many petals or flower leaves. 
 
 PO'LYPOUS, Adj. [from folytu,, Lat.] 
 of the nat'jre of a polypus j having many 
 feet or n^ots. 
 
 PG'LYPUS, S. [fromff«Xyf, Gr. andiro:;;] 
 any thing with many roots or feet. In me- 
 dicine, a tough concretion of .tjriimous blood 
 in the heart and arteries A Avelling ii the 
 noftrils. In natural hiflory, an anin:al \vi:h 
 many feet, approachinj; very near to a vege- 
 table, which when cut into pieces, by prowth 
 fiipplies every part with thofe members it 
 wants to make it a complete animal. 
 
 PO'LYSCOPE, S. 7.-oXv(, and ^xcwta;, 
 Gr.] a multiplying glaif. 
 
 POLY'PASr, S. f /.o/v/>fl/?^ Fr.] a ma- 
 chine conhfling of many pullies. 
 
 POLY'SPERMOUS, Adj. [noXv^, and 
 C-^ipf^r., Gr.J thofe plants are thus called, 
 which have more than four ieeds fucteeding 
 each flower, and this without any certain or- 
 der or number. 
 
 POLY'SYLLABIC, POLY'SYLLABI- 
 CAL, Adj. [ftom j:oljfy\'!al'/e] having many 
 fyllables. 
 
 POLYSY'lL'\BLE, S. wXi;:, Gr. and 
 pyXXafii] a «-ord con fi fling of many fyllables. 
 POLY':^YNDRiON, S. [Gr.) 'in rhe- 
 toric, a figure by which a copulative is often 
 repented 
 
 POLYTHE'ISM, S. [no\vi, Gr. and Bio;] 
 the belief Of many gods. 
 
 PO'MACE, S. [^cwaaam, Lat.] the drofs 
 of cyder preflings. 
 
 POMA'DE, S. [Fr./.o«fl</^, Ital.] a fra- 
 grant ointm.*nt. 
 
 PO'MANDER, S. [potKme d'amhre, Fr,] 
 a fweet bail. A perfumed ball, or powder. 
 
 POMA'TUM, S. [Lat. from fcmum, Lat. 
 an apple an ointment, fo called from its for- 
 merly having apples as one of its ingredients. 
 To POME, V. N. [fomrfcr, Fr.J to grow 
 to a round head like an apple. 
 
 POME'CITRON, S. A citron apple. 
 POiVlEGRA'NATE, S. ' pomum grar.atwn^ 
 Lat.] a fruit fo called from the grains of feeds 
 with which it abounds. 
 
 PO'MtRoY, PO'IMEROYAL, S. [Fr.] 
 an apple. 
 
 , PO'MFRET, [the reverend Mr. John] 
 was fon of the reverend Mr. Pomfret, xtCiox 
 of Luton in Bedfordfhirf, and he himfelf was 
 preferred to the living of Maiden in the fame 
 county. He was liberally educated at an emi- 
 nent grammar- fchool in the country, from 
 whence he was fent to the univerfity of Cam- 
 bridge, but to what college is not certain; 
 here he wrote mod of his poetical pieces, took 
 the degree of mafter of arts, and very early 
 accompjiflied himfelf in mofl: kinds of polite 
 literature. A gentleman who writes under 
 the name of Philakthes, and who was an in- 
 
 eputatlon from the charge of fanaticifm, 
 wliich fome of his malicious enemies brouglit 
 againfl him. It was Ihortlyafter his leaving 
 the univerfity, that he was preferred to the 
 living of Maiden abovementioned, and was, 
 fays that gentleman, £> far from being tinc- 
 tured with finaticifm, that I haveoften heaij 
 him exprefs his abhorrence of the deftnictivc 
 tenets maintained by that people, both againft 
 our religious and civil rights. This imputa- 
 tion, it feems, was cart on him by there hav« 
 ing been one of his furname, though not 
 any way related to him, a difTenting teacher, 
 and wiio publifhcd fomerhimes upon fpiritii- 
 al fubjL^ls, About the year 170', Mr- Pom- 
 fret came up to London, for inflitution and 
 induftioii, into a very confi.lerabie living, 
 but was recorded for fome time by a di/gufl 
 taken by Dr. Henry Compton, then Birfiop 
 of London, at thefe four lines in tlieclufe cf 
 his poem entitled, The Choke, 
 
 And as I near approath'd the verge of life. 
 Some kind relation (for I d have no wife) 
 Should take upon him all my worldly care. 
 While I did for a better flate prepare. 
 But the bilhop was foon convinced that this 
 afperfion againft him, was no more than an 
 effort of malice, as Mr. Pomfret at that time 
 was really married. The oppofition which 
 ins enemies made to iiim had, in fome mca- 
 fure, its effeft; for I)y th:; obflru<fflons he 
 met with, he was obliged to flay longer in 
 London than he intended, and as the fmal? 
 pox then raged in the metropolis, he fickened 
 of them, and died in London, in the 36th 
 year of his age. Mr. Pomfret publifhed Iiis 
 poems in 1699, to which he has prefixed 
 a very modefl and fenfible preface. His poe- 
 tical compofitions confift chiefly of i. The 
 Choice. 2. Cruelty and Luff, an epiffolary 
 effay, founded upon the famous fiory whicli 
 happened in the reign of king James II. 
 Kirk who was that prince's general againll 
 the duke of Monmouth, was fblicited by a 
 beautiful lady in behalf of her hufband, v.'ho 
 then lay under fentence of death. The in- 
 human general confented to grant the fair pe- 
 titioner her requefl ; but at no lefs a price 
 than that of her innocence The lady doated 
 on herhufband, and maintained a hard ftrug- 
 gle between virtue and affcilion, the latter of 
 which at lafl prevailed, and fhe yielded to his 
 guilty embraces. The next morning Kirk, 
 with unparalleled brutality, defired the lady to 
 look out at the window of his bedchamber, 
 when file was flruck with the horrid fight of 
 her hufband upon a fcaffold, ready to receive 
 the blow of the executioner ; and before fhe 
 could reach the place where he was, in order 
 to take a lafV embrace, her l^ufband was no 
 more. 3. Several epiflles to ha? friends un- 
 der afBiiffion. 4. Upon the d^'ine attrihntes.. 
 5, A profpeffl of dc-ath, 6. Upon the gene- 
 ral conflagration, and the cnfuing judgment. 
 
 There
 
 PON 
 
 There were two pieces of our author's pub- 
 lifted after his death by' liis friend Phila- 
 ledies ; the firfl of thefe is entitled Reafon ; 
 tlie otlier is entitled DiesNoviflimj, or the lart 
 «piphany, a pindaric ode on Chrift's fecond 
 appearance to judge the world. This is all the 
 account we are favoured with of ihe life and 
 writings of Mr. Pomfret ; a man not def- 
 tiluie either of erudition or genius, 'hi unex- 
 ceptionable mor..ib, though expi>icd to the 
 malice of antagonids. As he was a prudent 
 man, and educated to a profeffion, he was not 
 fulije£l to the ufml neceflities of the poets; 
 but h's fphere beinc^ fomewhat obfcure, and 
 his life unaftive, th'.-re are few incidents re- 
 corded concerning him. 
 
 i'OMFFEROUS, Adj. [/cwj/i/-. Lat.] in 
 botany, applied to llich plants as bear a large 
 Iruit, covered with a thick, haid rind. 
 
 PO'MMEL, S. a round ball or knob. The 
 J;nob that bal.nces the l)lac!e of a fword.The 
 protuberant part of a faddle before. 
 
 To PO'MMEL, V. A. [from [owni^ler, Fr. 
 to variegate] to beat with anything thick and 
 bulky. To beat blii.k and blue. To punch. 
 
 POMP. S. [p<,»:ljc, Yv.pompa, Lat.J fplen- 
 dov attending pcrfons in high life ; Grandeur. 
 A fplendid and oflentatious procemon. 
 
 FOMPHO'LIX, S. a white, light, and 
 friable fubflancc found in crullson the domes 
 of furnaces, and the covers of crucibles in 
 which brafs is made. 
 
 PO'MPION, S. [pompon, Fr.] a pumpkin. 
 
 PO'MPON, POMPOO'N, S. fFr.J an 
 ornament worn by ladies in the fore-part of 
 their hair. 
 
 PO'MPOUS, Adj. [poivpcux, Fr.] grand ; 
 fhowy ; fplendid. 
 
 PO'MPOUSN"ESS,S. magnificence J fplen- 
 dor j fiiowintls ; oflent;itiou(iiers. 
 
 POND, S. a fniall collecliun of /landing 
 water. 
 
 To PONDER, V. a: [f:e^Jero, Lat.] to 
 weigh in the mind j to confider. To think 
 or niufc. 
 
 PO'NDERABr-E, Adj. [from forJao, 
 Xat.] capable to be weighed ; mealurable by 
 fcales. 
 
 PONDER A'TION, S. lhomfcni!ero,Lst.] 
 the adt of weighing. 
 
 PONDHRO'SI i Y, S. [£vnm ponderous] 
 weight. The quality of being heavy. 
 
 PO'NDi ROUS, Adj. [frompordus, Lat.] 
 heavy, weighing mncli. Of importance or 
 jjiomcnt. Forcilile or vehement. 
 
 PO'NDEROUjNFSS, S. the quality of 
 weighing much. 
 
 J'O'NKNT, Adj. [pcnerte, Ital ] weflern. 
 
 PO'Ni.'^R.D, ii. • poign..rd, Fr. pug: j, Lat.J 
 a dagijer or lh:/rt fword. 
 
 To PO NIARD, V. A. to Hab with a po- 
 ii-nrd. 
 
 I'ON'K, S. a no(fli!rnal fpirit ; a hag. 
 
 PO'NT.-. G t, S, {pons, pontis, bi idgej duty 
 jiaiJ (qt the reparation of bric'.^es, 
 
 POP 
 
 PO'NTIFlF, ^.{poMife, Yr.pontlfex, Lat.] 
 a high pricft or pope. 
 
 PONTPfJCAL, Adj. belonging to the 
 high priclL Belonging to the pope. Bridge- 
 building, f torn pons, Lat. a bridge, znAfjcio, 
 Lat. to make. " By wonderous r,rt-/>ow^'- 
 cal.'" Par. Lcji. PecuHar to Milton in the 
 lad fenfe, and perhaps intended as a fatyrical 
 pun again fl popery, 
 
 PONTPFICAL, S. {pontificale, Lat.] a 
 book of pontifical rites and ceremonies. 
 
 PONITFICATE, S. [ponujicat, Yr.pon- 
 iijjciisy Lat.] the office and dignity of a pope. 
 
 PO'NTIFJCE, S. {pons and facio, Lat.] 
 bridge-v;ork ; edifice of a bririge. 
 
 PO'N'TON, PONTOO'N, S. [Fr.] a 
 floating-brislge, made of two boats, placed at 
 a didance from each other, planked over, to- 
 gether with the interval between them, with 
 rails on the fides, and ufcd in pafling both 
 horfcs and cannon. Sec. over a river. The 
 boats ufed in making a floating-bridge. 
 
 PO'NY, S. [perhaps from puny, or puifne, 
 Fr.] a fmall horfe. 
 
 POOL, S. Ipahs, Lat.] a lake, or large 
 coUeiffion of deep snd danding water. A re- 
 fervoir of water fupplied by fprings and dis- 
 charging the furplus by lluices. 
 
 POOP, [p',i!{>,ir.puppls, Lat.] the higheft 
 or uppermod part of a ihip's hull or dern. 
 
 POOR, Adj. Ipawvre, Fr. pauper, Lat.] 
 in want of money or the neceflaries of life. 
 Applied to value, of fmall wonh, trifling. 
 Wean, contemptible. Humble, or unimpor- 
 tant, applied to opinion. Mean, low, ab-jcft. 
 A word of tendernefs, implying a perfon or 
 thing to be an object of pity and affe(ftion. 
 " My poor chiidJ" Wretciied. Unfit for any 
 purpofe. The poor, ufcd colleflivcly the low- 
 ed order of a community, who have neither 
 riches, intered, nor power. Barren or drv, 
 applied to foil. Without fpirit, orftrength, 
 applied to liquors, 
 
 POO'RLY, Adv. without money, intcreft, 
 power, or the neced'ariesof life. With Imall 
 fuccefs, drength, worth, or importance. 
 
 POOR. JOHN, S. a kind of fifh. 
 
 POOR'NESS, S. want of money, power, 
 Intereft, dignity, or the neceflaries of liie. 
 Want of friiitfulnefs, applied to foil. 
 
 FOP, .S. a fmall, fmart, and quick found. 
 
 To POP. V. N. tomal;c a fmall and quick 
 found. To move or enter with a quick, fud- 
 den, and unexpc<rtcd motion. 
 
 POPE, S. [p^ipa, Lat.] the bidiop of 
 Rome, who claims fovcrcign power over all 
 ccclefiadics and civil governors, as being the 
 vicegerent of God ; the immediate fucceflor 
 of St. Peter ; endowed with infallibility, 
 and invcded with the keys of I'.caven and 
 hell. A fifh, likewifc called a ruff, refeni- 
 bling a perch in Ihape, but never grows big- 
 ger than a gujgccn. 
 
 POPE, [Alexander] dcfcended of a good 
 fanriily bybeth his parents, hot i-"jui:cSj 1688,
 
 POP 
 
 'H London, where his father was then a con- 
 Jiderabie merchant. He was taught to read 
 \ ery early by an aunt, and learned to write 
 without any affiftance, by copying printed 
 books, which he executed with great neat- 
 -.is and exaiT^nefs. The family being of the 
 I omiih religion, he was put, at eight years of 
 ;e, under the direftion of one I'averner, a 
 , 1 icft, who taught him the rudiments of the 
 Latin and Greek tongues together. He im- 
 bibed thcle elements of claflical learning 
 with the greatefl facility, and at the firft /ight 
 of the poets difcovered at once botii the pe- 
 culiar bent of his inclination, and the excel- 
 lency of his genius. About this time acci- 
 dentally meeting wich Ogilby's tranflation of 
 J-iomer, he wss fo much (truck with the force 
 «f the fiery, that notwithllanding the bad- 
 iiefs of the verfirication, Ogiiby becaoie a 
 favourite book. The Ovid of Sandys fell 
 next in his way, and it is faid, that the rap- 
 tures thefe tranflations gave him were fo 
 flrong, th:-t he fpoke of them with pleafure 
 all his life after. Fr«m this private tutor he 
 was fent to a popifh feminary at Twyford, 
 near VV inchefier, whence he was removed to 
 a fchool at Hyde-park-corner. He was now 
 about ten years of age, and being carried 
 fomeiimes to the playhoufe, the fight of 
 thoie theatrical reprefentations put him upon 
 turning the chief events in Homer into a kind 
 of play, made up of a number of fpeeches 
 from Ogilby's tranflation, conneded by verfes 
 of liis own.. He perfuadcd the upper boys to 
 aft this piece; the mailer's gardener reprefent- 
 ed the charafter of Ajas, and the adfors were 
 dreflcd after the printsof hisfavourite Ogiiby, 
 which indeed make thebed part of that book, 
 bciugdcfigned and engraved byartiflsof note. 
 In the mean time, he was (o unfortunate as to 
 lofe, under his two laft maUets, what he had 
 ac4uired under the firlt. In this condition, at 
 12 years of age, he retired with his parents to 
 I'.infield, in \Vindlbr-Fore(t, and, at iiis firlt 
 coming, it is faid, was put under another pried 
 for a few months, but wiih as little fuccels as 
 before; fo that he refolved to become his own 
 inafter. Tlii.s country retreat, however, fuit- 
 ed his melancholy and rcfledlive temper; and 
 it was about tliis time that he wrote his Ode 
 on folitude, which appears as the firft-fruitsof 
 his poetical genius. It was heie too that he 
 firrtperufed the writings of Waller, of Spencer, 
 and of Dryden. But on the full fight of Dry- 
 t!cn he abandoned tiie red, having now found 
 an author whofc cad wa? extremely cor.genial 
 with his own. His works he dudicJ with c- 
 tjual pleafure and attention ; placed tiiem be- 
 fore hi» eyes as a mo.iel : in lliort, he copied 
 not only l)is harmonious vcrfification, but 
 tlie very turns of his periods. And hence u 
 was that he bcc.ime enabled to give to rhyme 
 all the horjTiony of which it is capable, liin- 
 fieli being near Kad-Hamp(tcad, Vihcrc Sir 
 \\'iirum i riimbu'.l then refided, our young 
 
 POP 
 
 genius wa.^ introduced into the acquaintance 
 of that gentleman, who being (liuek with 
 admiration at his extnmrdinaiy parts, and 
 plcafed with his good fciifc, gave him great 
 encouragement. In the mean time, mafier. 
 Pope was not wanting to hinifcif, in improv- 
 ing his talents for poeiiy. At )4ycarsoldhe 
 had con)po/ed feveral elegant pieces. At 15 
 he had acquiied a ready habit in the two 
 learned languages, to whlcli he foon after 
 added French and Italian. lie now thought 
 himfelf able to undertake an epic poem, and 
 fet about writing his Alcander this year j but 
 the performance, as m';ilit i)e expefttd, was 
 a glaring proof of childiih folly. However, 
 he had il-nfe and modedy enough to keep it 
 in his lludv ; and in his riper years fpoke of 
 it with franknefs and ingenuity, that does 
 mere than atone for the forwardncfs of his 
 attempt. And the following yea' , 1704, he 
 entered upon a talk more faituble to his age, 
 his Fadorals, which brought him into th.e 
 acquaintance of fome of the mod eminent 
 wits of that time. He communicated thefe 
 fird toMr. \Vycherly,who was highly pleafcd 
 with them, and fent a copy of them to Mr. 
 Walfli. This introduced him into the ac- 
 quaintance of that gentleman, who proved a 
 very fincere friend to him, and havi:!g imme- 
 diately dircerned that our poet's chief talent 
 lay not fo much in drikingout new thoughts 
 of his own, as improving thofe which he 
 borrowed from the ancients, and an Cjfy ver- 
 fification, told him, among other things, that 
 there was one way left open for him to excel 
 his prcdcccllbrs, and that wascorrcilnefs ; ob- 
 ferving, that though we had feveral great po- 
 ets, yet none of them were correct ; he there- 
 fore advifcd him to mske that l;is (ludy. 1 he 
 advice v.as not lod : Mr. Pope received it 
 very gratefully, and obfcrved it very diligent- 
 ly, lliis year, 1704, he wrote alio the fird 
 part of his Windfur Fored, though the whole 
 was not publidied till 1710, withadedica- 
 tion to loid LandfJown, whom he mentions 
 as one of his earhed acquaintance. Mr. \Vy- 
 cherly was another, fo thefe, befides Bo- 
 lingbroke and WalHi, he adds Congrevc, 
 Garth, Swift, Talbot, Somers, and Sheffield, 
 as perli.Mis with whom he was not only con- 
 vcriant, but beloved. At the age of iS, he 
 was grown fo hijih in the edecm of Mr. 
 W'ychcily, that he thought him capable of 
 corrcitiiig 'jis poems which had been damn- 
 ed, fo as tlicv might appear again in print, 
 i'ope complied with the requed, and executed 
 it with cqiul freedom and judunicnt. Eut 
 the faults proved 100 mar)y for the author of 
 them to be told of ; he was old, i)ccame jea- 
 lous, and condrueii his young mader's inge- 
 nuity and plain-deajing, into want of refpc(fl. 
 Not only the defign of iiiblilliing was dropt, 
 but all corn-fpondence with tlie correftor fuf- 
 pended. 1 his ur.gcuerous rctur.i was liveJy 
 rcfenicd !)}• ?,Ir. Pope, /.u J though AVyclier- 
 
 hy
 
 POP 
 
 ley was piev:iiled with afterwards, by the 
 nied'ution of a common friend, to refuine 
 the correfpondence, ytt this went no further 
 tlian bare complailance. However, feme 
 time after Mr. Wycherlcy's death, his poems 
 being repiiblifhed by fonic mercenary hand, 
 1728, our author in the following year print- 
 ed feveral letters that had palled between 
 
 POP 
 
 of the Sylphs ; and in that new drefs thtf 
 two cantos, extended to five, came out the 
 following year 1712, ulhered by a letter to 
 Mrs. Fcrmor ; to whom he afterwards ad- 
 drelTcd another, which is erteemed far fupe- 
 rior to any of Voiture. 1 his year he pub- 
 lilhtd his Temple of Fame, hriving, accord- 
 ing to his iifua! caution, kept it two ytars in 
 
 them, in vindication of Mr. Wychcrley's his fhuy. I hat objeft of the univerfal paf- 
 good name, againll fome mifconrtruftions , fion was full upon his thoughts at that time, 
 prefixed to that edition Our pact's conduft, ] He had been from the firft fttling out in full 
 throughoutthis whole trying .-rtair, wasgreat- j (Iretcii after it, and fav/ it now within his 
 ly above his years. His efTay on criticifm, reach ; accordingly wc find him in high fpi- 
 though wrote fo early as 1708, yet placed rits, diverting himfclf with the ladies, to 
 him among thofc of the firft r.mk in Lis art. lone of whom he fent a copy of his Teinple, 
 He w.is not yet 20 years old, fo that t very ! with an humorous epi^>ram ; by the lettct' 
 body flood amazed to find fuch a knowledge | which accompanied this, it appears, .hat he 
 of the world, fuch a maturity of judgment, Ihad now began to trdnfl.ne Homer's Iliad, 
 and fuch a penetration into human nature, and made a great pro^reis in it, and in 1713, 
 as are there difplayed ; iniomuch that it be- | he gaveoutpropofalsfor puhlilhing that tranf- 
 eame a fiibiciff for the criticks to difplay their ! lation by fubfoiption. He had been prefTcd 
 profoundcit (kill in accounting for it. Mr. I to this undcrtakng fome years before by fome 
 Pope's gL-nius ripening thus early, vvasow-'of his friends, and was now greatly encou- 
 jng, it is fa\d, to a happy conjuniflure of con- j raged in the defign by others. And the fuc- 
 cunrng ciicumffancei. He was happily fe- crfs was fuch, as mufi: needs at fwcr, if not 
 cured trom falling into the cebauchcries of exceed his moft fanguine expeftation ; he 
 women and wine, (the too frequent bane of lacquiied a confiJeraMe for une by a noble 
 hopefol youth) by the weaknefs and delicacy [fublcription, that did honour to the king- 
 of his conititution. and tire had (iate of hisjdom. He faw all parties and denominations 
 health. The fcnfud vices were too violent 'join in it, nalwithllanding the underhanded 
 for fo tender a fiame ; he iiever fell into in- praiffices of ibme pretended friends, who in 
 temperance or diflipatiou, which is of the vain oppoled the (Iream ; at the he.\d of 
 greatefl: confajuence in prcferving the facul- ■ which was found Mr. Addifan. Our au- 
 lies of t!ic mind in due vigour. Put how I thor had long nn awful veneration for that 
 triumphant foever may he the merit of the j rival, the confcioufnefs of which fervecf 
 cllay on criticifm, yet it was flill dnpalled in j to fet a keener edge upon his rcfentmcnt 
 a poetical view by The rape of the lock, now ; but though the fenfe of fo much 
 This poem took its birth from an incidental 'treachery and falfcnefs tingled in every vein, 
 quarrel tiiat happened hetweLii the two noble lyet he m.inaged it w,tli the niceft prudence,- 
 families of loid fVtri.', and Mrs. Fermor, | and at laft revenged it by a fatire, which does 
 both of our author's acquaintance, andoflhonour to himlclf. Thus with admirable 
 the fai«e religion. His lordlhip. in a paity of ! tenjper and fpirit he preferved his dignity j 
 pleafure, carried it fo far, as to cut off a fa- j and keeping his mind attentive to every 
 vourite lock of the L>dy's hair. "1 his, tho' means that might render his tranfiation more 
 done in a way of gallantry, was fcrioully re- perfe£l, he took a journey, a little before the 
 fentcd, as being indeed a leal injury. Hence, death of queen Anne, to Oxford, to confult 
 theie prefcnlly grew mutual animofities, i fome books in tiic Bodleian and otiier libra- 
 •which being fcen with concern by a couimon j ries there ; and the firfl part of liis propofal 
 friend to ail ; that friend requelted Pope to j was delivered to the fubfcribers the following 
 try the power of his miife on the occafion, jyear. His finances were now pvt into fuel* 
 intimating that a proper piece of ridicule a fioarilhing (late, that he refolved to place 
 was the likelieft means to c>;tingui(h the himfelf nearer his tnends in the capital ; in 
 riling flame. Pope readily complied; and | tlut view, the fmall afl'air at Binfield being 
 thejunfliire requiring difpatch, his iirft de- fold, he purchafcd a houfe at Twickenham^ 
 fiiin was compleatcd in lefs than a fortnight, j whither he removed with his father and mo- 
 which being fent to the Jady, had more than I ther before the expiration of this year. His 
 tlie propofeJ efTctft. I'leaild to the higheft I father furvivcd this removal only two years. 
 
 degice with the delicacy of the cumpliment 
 paid to her, (he firfl communicated copies of 
 it to her acquaintance, and then prevailed 
 with our author to print it ; as he did, tho' 
 no: wit!. out the caution of concealing his 
 name to.fo hally a fl;ctch. But the univer- 
 sal appliuft w'dth the fKCtch met wit!i, put 
 
 He was buried at Twickenham, and his fon- 
 created a monument to his momery, with art 
 infcription celebrating his innocence, probity, 
 and piety. As the old gentleman was a Ro- 
 man catholic, he could not purchafe, nor put 
 his money to intereft on real fecurity, and a* 
 hx adhered tp the interefl of king James, he 
 
 upon cnriclimg it uith the machiner) | made it a f oiiU of confcicnce, not to lend it 
 1 . 1 to-
 
 POP 
 
 Vo the new government; fo that tlioujh he was 
 worth near 20,000 pounds when he left ofi 
 bufinefs, from the fame principles at the re- 
 vokition : yet afterwards living upon the ftock, 
 he left our poet to the management of fo 
 narrow a fortune, that any one filfe ftep 
 .would have been fatal. In 17 7, Mr. Pope 
 publiftied a col!e£lion of all his poetical 
 pieces ; he gave his edition of Shakefpear, in 
 1721. The Iliad being finiftied, he under- 
 took the Odyfiey. And that work being 
 compleatcd in 1725, the following year was 
 employed, in concert with his aflociatcs, 
 dean Swift and doctor Arbuthnot, in printing 
 feveral volumes of mifctllanies. About this 
 time he narrowly efcaped lofing his life, as 
 he was returning home in a friend's chariot ; 
 which, on paffing a bridge, Irippened to he 
 overturned, and tiirown with the horfcs into 
 the river ; the glafies were up, and he not 
 able to break them, fo that he was in imme- 
 diate danger of drowning, when the poftili- 
 on, who had juft recoveied himfelf, came to 
 his relief, broke the gbfs which was iipper- 
 xnoft, took him out, and carried him to the 
 bank ; but a friigment of the broken glafs 
 cat one of his hands fo defperately, that he 
 lofl the ufe of two of his fingers. His f:.tire 
 of the Dunciad cameout in 1727. Our poet 
 had bore the infultr, of his enemies full 10 
 ■years before he hizarded a general battle ; he 
 was all that while climbing the hill of Par- 
 SafTus, during whici), he could not forbear 
 fome flight fkirmifhes, and the fuccefs of 
 thefe was of ufe, in fhewing him his fupc- 
 rior ftrength, and thereby adding confidence 
 to his courage ; but he was now featcd fafely 
 on the fummit. Befides, he had obtained, 
 what in his own opini in is the happiefl: end 
 of life, the love of v;iluable men ; the next 
 felicity he declares, was to get rid of fools 
 and fcoundrcls ; and to that end, he fudden- 
 Jy fell upon them with his inefiftible pen. 
 1 he poem cautioufly made its firft appeirance 
 as a maflted battery in Ireland j nor, indeed, 
 was the triumph complcateJ, without the af- 
 
 POP 
 
 entertained fome thoughts of nnderf akin" sn 
 epic poem; which, however, proved abor- 
 tive. In the interim, feveral of his familiar 
 letters havmg fto e into public, without his 
 privity, he publiftied a genuine coJlc<flion of 
 them in 1737. About this time he fell into 
 the acquaintance of the preftnt bifhop of 
 Glouteder, (then Mr. Warb ir'on) who had 
 publiflied a vindication of the Elliy on Man, 
 againft Mr. Crouiaz, a French writer ; and 
 that poem was published in 1740, with Ids 
 lea.-ned friend's commentary. In 1742, our 
 author added a fourth book to the Dunciad ; 
 and in the year after, his wide poem came 
 out together, as a fpecimen of a more correct 
 edition of his works, which he had then re- 
 folved to give the public, but did not live to 
 compleat this defign. lie laboured under 
 great deformity of perfon, and had all his 
 life been fubjeil to an habitual headach: 
 that hereditary complaint was now greatly 
 increafed by a dropfy in his breafi-, under 
 which he expired May 30, 1744, in the 
 56th year of his age. JHis body was depofi- 
 ted, pursuant to his own requcfl, in the fame 
 vault with thofe of his paients. Lord Or- 
 rery, late lord Cork, ohferves, " that if we 
 " may judge of him by his works, his cliirf 
 " aim was to be efteemad a man of virtue ; 
 " his letters are written in that file; h's 
 " laft volumes are all of the moral kind. 
 " His profe writings are little lefs harmoni- 
 " ous than his verfe ; and his voice, in com- 
 " mon converfation, was fo naturally mufi- 
 " cal, that Southern ufed to call him the 
 " little nightingale. His manners were de- 
 " licate, eafy, and engaging ; and he treated 
 " his friends with a poiitenefs that charm- 
 " ed, and a generofity that was mucli to 
 " his honour. Eveiy gueft was made happy 
 " within his doors, pleafure dwelt under hij 
 " re>of, and elegance prefided at his taiile " 
 Mr. Pope bequeathed a little before his de.ith, 
 to Dr. Warburton, the property of all fuch 
 of his works then printed, as he had written, 
 or ftiould write commentaries upon, and had 
 
 fiftance of our author's undoubted fecond, j not been otherwise difpofed of or alienated 
 
 dean Swift. It made anew appearmce, printed 
 at London, in 1722. This edition was pre 
 fented to the king and »jueen by Sir Robert 
 "Walpole. Id 1729, by the advice of lord Eo- 
 lltigbrokc, he turned his pen to fubjeif^s of 
 moraliry, and accordingly wc find him, with 
 the affiftanceof that friend, at work this year 
 upon his Efliiy on man. His Ethic epiltles 
 came cut fepar.itely in the cciirfe of the two 
 following years The clamour raifed againft 
 one of thefe, put him upoii writing fatit^s, in 
 which he ventured to attack the charaifters 
 of fome ptrfons of high rank. The afhont 
 was refcnted in fuch a manner, as provoked 
 him to let loofe the whole fury of his fatiri- 
 cal rage againft them, which was poured forth 
 in r>roie and verfe. After this he continued 
 Writt ng iatires till the year 1739, when he 
 
 PO'PRDOM, _S. [from/c/.f, znidoK, Sax.] 
 the office or dignity of a pope. 
 
 PO'PERY, S. the mode of worfhip, m 
 which the pope is acknowledged th." hcd of 
 the church. 
 
 PC'PESF.YE, S. the ghnd in the middle 
 of the thigh furrounded with fat; perhaps fo 
 called from its being as tender as the eye, and 
 when pierced with any inftrument, attended 
 witli immediate death. 
 
 PO'PGUN, S. a gun made of a piece of 
 wood bored through, which is charged with 
 pellets of hemp or brown paper, and played, 
 with by children. 
 
 FO'riNJ.A Y, S. \ f>ape(ray, Ee''^-papr7(^i!yo, 
 Span.JaparrotjCr wood pecker. A tiifiinglop. 
 
 PO'PIsII, Adj. belong!-^ to the pope, or 
 popery. 
 
 rOPXAR,
 
 f» O R 
 
 FOR 
 
 ■ POTLAR, S. [feuplier, Yx.p->p::bst Lat.J 
 a tree. 
 
 PCPP'Y, S. {pop:g. Sax. papaver, Lat.] 
 a phnt, with a rtddilh flower, which grows 
 in the lields among corn. 
 
 PO'FULACE, PO'PLLACY, S. [Fr.] 
 the viilj^ar or lowefl rank of people. 
 
 POPULAR, Adj. IpopiiiMe. ¥ v. popula- 
 rise Lat.] vulgar or of the lowelt order, ap- 
 plied to rank, buitcd to the capacity of the 
 common people. Beloved by ih.e people. 
 Studious of the favour of the people. 
 
 POPULARITY, S. the qujlity of being 
 beloved by the people. 
 
 PO'PULaRLY, Adv. in s popular miin- 
 ner, accordh.g ro vulgar conception. 
 
 To PO'PULATE, V. N. [populus, Lat.] 
 to breed or incre.ife people. 
 
 pOPJL.VilON, S. the rtate of a coun- 
 try, with refpeift to the number of its iuha- 
 bitants. 
 
 POPULO'SITY, the quality of abounding 
 in people. 
 
 POPULOUS, Adj. [prpnloj'i/s, Lat.] a- 
 bounding in people ; well inhabited. 
 
 PO'PULOUSNESS, S. the quality of a- 
 bcunding in people. 
 
 PO'RCELAIN, S. china or china ware ; 
 a composition of a middle nature between 
 earth and glafs. An herb. 
 
 POPvCH, S. [pcrc.be, Fr. pcnirtis, Lat.] 
 a roof fupported by pillars befoic a door. A 
 portico or covered walk. 
 
 PO'RCUPINE, S, [porcefpine, or epic, Fr. 
 poncfpino, Ital.] an animal when full grown 
 of the fize of a cat ; its neck is iTiort and 
 thick, its nofe blunt, and noltrils very large, 
 in form like (lits ; its upper lip is cleft like 
 that of a hare, and its whifkers are like thoic 
 of a cat ; its eyes are fma'l, and its ears very 
 like u ofe of riie human fpccics ; its legs ai e 
 fhort, the hinder feet have five toes, and ilic 
 fore feet only four; its tail is fouror five inches 
 
 PO'RKET, S. a yo\ing fiog. 
 
 PO'RKLING, S. a young pig. 
 
 POllO'^slTY, S. [from ponusl the quality 
 of having pores. 
 
 POROUS, Adj. \pcrcux, Fr.] having 
 fmall apertures or interiticcs detweeii the par- 
 ticles. 
 
 PO'ROUSNESS, S. the quality of having 
 pores. 
 
 POR'PHYRE, PORPHYRY, S. [•ko;<^v 
 pa, Gr.J a kind of marble of a brown or red 
 colour, frequently intcrfperfed with white 
 fpots. 
 
 POR'POTSE, PORTUS, S. [fo-c, feiff<.n^ 
 Fr.] the fea hog. 
 
 PORRA'CEOUS, Adj. [from porrum^ 
 L-Jt. i greenifli. 
 
 PORRE'CTION, S. [porreaie, Lat.] the 
 a(\ of llretching forth. 
 
 POR'RIOGE, S. [from par, fnkac. Six. 
 porrtim, Lat. a leek] broth or liquor made by 
 boiling meat in water, with leeks and other 
 Iierbs. 
 
 POR'RINGER, S. [from porridge'] a vef- 
 fel in which broth is eaten. L'fed for a head- 
 drclsin Shakefpear's time, from its refembling 
 la porringer ; in the fame manner iS ^trauhct 
 or tycnchcr-cap, "is fo called at Oxford, iScc. 
 from its refembling a trcr.cbcr. 
 
 POP^.T, S. [Yv.pontts, Lat,] a harbour or 
 fjfe ftation for ftips. A gate, from port. Sax, 
 forte, Fr. porta, Lat. an aperture in a fhip 
 through which the guns are put out. Car- 
 riage or behaviour. A kind of wine fo called, 
 from Oporto. 
 
 To PORT, V. A. [fcrto, Lat.porter, Fr.] 
 to carry in form. 
 
 PO'RTABLE, Adj. [/^orw^i/ij, Lai.] that 
 which may be carried j fuch as may be 
 cndursd. 
 
 PO'RTADLEXESS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing portable. 
 
 PO'RTAGE. S. [Fr.] the price of car- 
 
 long, bcftt with fpines in an annular ferics ; riage. A p' rt-hole. 
 
 its body is covered with quills, which on the PO'RTAL, S. [porta!, Fr. pcrtaHa, TtaL] 
 
 ihouldcrs, fides, belly, and thighs, are black, I a g.ue. The arch under which a gate 
 
 ;ind on the b:ick, hips, and loins, brown, 
 ■variegated with black. 
 
 PORE, S. [Fr. OTc'c©-, Gr.] a pafHige or 
 aperture in the (kin ; anynairow pafliigc. 7Jc 
 Imall intcrflicM between the particles of mat- 
 ter v.Ireh confiitute bodies. 
 
 To PORF, V. N. [wop^, Gr.] to look at 
 with grc.it iiitenrenefs. 
 
 PfTRRBI.IND, Adj. [commonly written 
 p:!rH:rd\ nc:ir fightcd ; fhort-fightcd.' 
 
 PO'KINESS, S. the quality of abounding 
 in pores. 
 
 PO.IIS'TICK ivethod. In mathematics, 
 IS that wliich determines when, by what 
 mc.-.ns, and liow many different ways a pro 
 blcm may be folved. 
 
 FORK, ii. [pore, Fr. parens, Lat. J Avlnc's 
 flefh. 
 
 POTn-KUR, S. a full rrown hog. A pig. 
 
 opens. 
 
 PO'RTANCE, S. [from porter, Fr.] mien ; 
 port ; demeanor. 
 
 PORTA'TIYE, Adj. [Fr.] that may be 
 carried from place to place. 
 
 PORTCU'LLIS, PORTCLU'SE, S. [por- 
 rcc::rii/'e, Fr from pcrti-: c!anp, I^at.] a ma- 
 chinTlike a harrow, hung over the gate of a 
 city, to let down to keep an enemy out. 
 
 To PORTCU'LLIS, V. A. to bar or (hut 
 up. 
 
 PCRTED, Adj. [porter] borne m a cer- 
 tain regular or folen-.n manner. 
 
 To POKTE'ND, V. A. [porter.do, Lat.] 
 to forelhow or betokc/i. 
 
 POPLTE'NSION, S. tlw: aft of fore- 
 to!-i*ning. 
 
 rORTF/NT, S. \portenti!>'^,\.;\t ] an omcQ' 
 or p-?'.!i\'y, foi-cfccwir-g fomething ill. 
 
 POR-
 
 PO R 
 
 iPiDRTE'NTOUS, Adj. {forttrtcfus, Lat.] 
 betokening i'omethin^ ill. 
 
 PO'RTER, S {fiiiier, Fr.] one that has 
 the charge of a-gate. One who carries bur- 
 then?, from porteur, of porier, Fr. f/orto, Lat. 
 to carry. A kind of liquor much ufed in Lon- 
 don, fo called, bLcaufe drank chie.'iy by por- 
 ters, &C. 
 
 PO'RTER AGE, S. money paid or due to 
 a porter for carrying. 
 
 PO'RTGL^VE, S. \f otter s.nA glaw, 
 Fr. and Erfej a fword-bearer. 
 
 POR'TICO, S. [Ital. pertUus, Lat.] a 
 covered w.5lk, whofe roof is fupporttd by 
 pilLirs. 
 
 PO'RTION, S. \Yr.porito, Lat.] a part; 
 a part affigncd a perfon. A ^.ividend. A 
 fortune given to a child, or paid at, befnre, 
 oi- after marriage. 
 
 To PO'RT ION, V. A. to divide among 
 feveral. To endow with a foitune. 
 
 PO'RTIONER, S. one that divides. 
 
 PO'RTLAND, a pminl'ulain Dorfetlliire, 
 vhich is of great ftrcngth both by nature ;ind 
 art, being furrounded with inacccinble rocks, 
 except at the landing place, where there is a 
 ftrong cadle called Portland Caflle, bu'lt by 
 king Henry VIIL There, is but one chuich 
 in the iiland, and that (lands fo near the Tea, 
 that it is often in danger from it. But this 
 pcninfula is cliiefiy noted for the fiee-l'one 
 which is got hire, and greatly employed in 
 London for building thinned ftrii£lures, and 
 particularly St. Paul's church was built there- 
 with. Long. 15. lat. 50. 30. 
 
 PO'RTLINESS, S. dignity of mcin or air. 
 
 PO'RTLY, Adj. of noble mien or air. 
 Bulky. 
 
 PO'RTMAN, S. an inhabitant or bur- 
 gefs, as thofe of the cinque ports. 
 
 PORTMA'NTEAU, S. [pa'temavteau, 
 Fr.] a cheft or kind of bag, in which deaths 
 are carried. 
 
 PO'RTOTSE, S. in fca language, applied^ 
 to a Ihip wiiith riles with her yards ihuck 
 down to tiic deck. 
 
 PO'RTRAIT, S. [poutrak, Fr.] a pic- 
 ture drawn from the life. 
 
 To PO'R I RAl r, V. A. [pourtraWe, Fr.] 
 to draw from the life. For'.racy is molt proper. 
 
 PO'RTRAITURE, S iFr.] a piaurc or 
 refemblance drnwn from the life. 
 
 To PORl RA'Y, V. N. [pourtrah-e, Fr.] 
 to paint, or adorn witii picftutcs. 
 
 PO'RTO BELLO, or St. PHILIP DE 
 PORTO BELLO, a town of Daricn, on 
 Terra Firma Proper, on the narrowed part 
 of the ifthmus, which joins Nor'h and South 
 America. Here is a large commodious har- 
 bour, from its extent and ftcurity denomi- 
 nated the Fine Harbour by Chriflophcr Co- 
 lumbus, It ha.? good ancliorage and (belter 
 for (hipping ; and, though its entrance is very 
 wide, it is well dcfencied by iron Caflle, 
 which ftandson tht N. point tlicreof. The 
 
 P O R 
 
 S. fide is full of rifts and rocks, the rridillfi 
 of the channel has from nine or ten to fif- 
 teen fathom wa:er, and a good bnttom. On 
 theS. fide ot the haibour is Gloria caflle, 
 to the E. of which begins the tr>«n, hav- 
 ing before it a point of land which projcd^s 
 into the liaibour. On tliis point (food fort 
 St. Jcrom. All thefe v.ere dcmolidied in 
 i7';g, by admiral Vernon ind commoJo'e 
 Brown, who took this town and port with 
 fix (hips only. Nor'h-weft of Gloria caflle is 
 theanchoring place for large fiiips ; hut fmall- 
 er veflels come further up; and 1 50 toil'es 
 from St. Jerom's fort \V. j 4th N. is a Amd- 
 bank, on which is only a fathom and a half 
 ot water. 
 
 PO'RT-ROYAL, a Tea port town of A. 
 merica, in the idiind of Jamaica. It was 
 once one of the finelt (ea-port towns in A* 
 merica, aboimding in riches and trade j but 
 it is now but a fmall place, and yet it con-* 
 lifts of three handfome (treets, with feveral 
 crofs lanes, and a fine church. '1 he har- 
 bour is one oi' the beft in the world, and 
 icoo fliips may ridetherein, frcure fiom every 
 wind that cm blow. It is fix miles E. of 
 Spanifli-town, and as mixh by water S c. 
 of Kingfton. Long. 300. ■^i;, lat. 17. 30. 
 
 PO'RTSMOUTH, S. a mayor- town a-d 
 fea port town of Hampfhire, Tt is tlic kev of 
 Fngland on that fide, and a regular fortifica- 
 tion, at the entrance of a crtek of Porttcy 
 illanJ, which is about fourteen miles in cir- 
 cuit, and furrounded at high tides by tlie Tea 
 water, of wb.ich fait is made h<:re; alfo 
 joined to the continent hy a bridge, where 
 was anciently a fmull'eaflle and town called 
 Port Perus or Porichefter, at which Vefpa- 
 fian landed; it lay at the upper end of the 
 creek, but upon the letiring of the fea, the 
 inhabitants followed it ; and this gave rife to 
 the building of the prcfcnt town. Here 
 is one of the principal chambers for buildint'; 
 and laying up the royal navy, being furnifhed 
 with wet and dry docks, and vnft mugazines 
 of naval and military (lores, bic. It has a good 
 counterfcarpeand double moat, with ravelines 
 in the ditth, double palifidocs and works for 
 covering the pl.^ce where molt acccfHljIe, 7 he 
 town is ftrong on the LnJ (Jde, by the fort fi- 
 cations round the docks and yirds ; belide.'S 
 more ground has been lately purchafed for 
 additional works. The lead iuiml)er of men 
 continually einploytd in the yard. is jcco; 
 which nimibcr is greatly increafcd in time of 
 war. In (horr, the docks and lards are a 
 kind of marine coiponiion within theiTi- 
 filvcs. The fill! of I'ortfmouth is low. and 
 fo full of water and ditches iis to be reckoned 
 agueifh. The flieets arc not ova- ciean, and 
 confcqucntly ths effluvia iiof veiyfavoury; 
 but the continual reforl '",'" feanren, fol.lier.";, 
 &c. render it alw^v, full of penple. The 
 inns and taverr.i rre peipctually crouded ; l)iit 
 [he iandlo-1": Liills arc not the niult niodcra'e. 
 Ji * i> 'ihc
 
 P O R 
 
 ^ t- place is in want of frefh water; and 
 though liruited in a plentiful country, yet 
 the gveat confumption makes all forts of pro- 
 ■■'.ons Jcdr ; as are alfo lodging'; and fuel. 
 .re :s I garrifoa and deputy-governor. The 
 v'l. :'::-.ds two members to parliament. The 
 • !rc!'. is large and fair. From the watch- 
 „is on the top of the (leeple is a fine prof- 
 a of the harbour, as well as of Spithead, 
 oei-e ihips ride before they come in, lying 
 ?.)rtfniouth and the Ille Oi' Wight. 
 Hi,e new quay for laying up cannon. 
 , -.....-id liil of fhips may ride fafe in the 
 .rbour. the mouth of which, not fo broad 
 t;i:-Th jmes atWeftminfter, is fcoured on the 
 _.. :port fide by four forts, and a platform of 
 ; ..ve twenty great guns level with the water, 
 id on the other fide by South-fca caftle. 
 The markets here are on Tuefday, Thurf- 
 day, ai*d Saturdav, with a fair on July lo, 
 for Ihoemakers, hatters, milhners, mercers, 
 cutlers, cabinet-makers, linen and woollen- 
 drapers, filveiTmiths, apparel ready made, 
 and bed- furniture, &c. On the adjoining 
 heath a fuburb has been built, which for 
 numbc'- of inhabitants and beauty of the 
 hoiifes, is like to ontftrip the town itfelf ; 
 here the f'liiors are entertained by the ladies 
 of plcafure, as they are at Amfterdam, &c. 
 and is independent of the garrifon. Portf- 
 mouth gave title of duchcfs to king Charles 
 lid's favourite miftrcfs Louifa de Querouaille. 
 It lies twenty miles S. of Winchefter, and 
 fevcnty-two S. W. of London. Lat. 50 deg. 
 and 48 min. N. long, i deg. 6 min. \V. 
 
 PO'R I'UGAL, the Roman Ltifitania, a 
 kingdom in Kurope, which is bounded north- 
 wards by Galicia, in Spain, and divided from 
 it by the river Minho next the lea, and by 
 fome imall rivers and hills further in- 
 land towards the E. The \V. and S. fides 
 arew:i(hcd by the Atlantic ocean, including 
 the little kingdom of Algarve on the S. And 
 on the W. the river Guadiana parts the laft- 
 mentioned kingdom from Andalulia : whence 
 drawing a line northwards, Portugal confines 
 onAndalufia, Spanifh Eftramadura, and Le- 
 on.' Its whole extent from N. to S. is about 
 goo miles, that is, from lat. 37 to 42 deg. 
 N. and 118 in breidth from E. to W. name- 
 ly, about the middle ; which is from long. 
 7 to 9 deg. W. and where narroweft next Al- 
 garve, about 60. This kingdom of Portu- 
 gal has ftood now above 600 years, in a fuc- 
 ccffion of 24 princes ; the firft of which, 
 Alphonfo, began his reign 1140. Its mo- 
 narchs are abfolute ^r home, and own no fii- 
 perior abroad : in both their power is defpo- 
 tic, and their will the only law. The Por- 
 tuguefe dominions abroad were formerly very 
 cxten-Iive and rich, but they have been very 
 much curtailed by the Dutch. They fiill, 
 however, pofiefs in America the vaft province 
 of Bralil, being fo in length along the lea 
 though extremely narrow towarcb the inland. 
 
 P o s 
 
 The produce and profits of it are rcckon;d 
 very confiderable in fugar, tobacco, ginjer, 
 cotton, indigo, hides, and dyers-wood, &c. 
 They have alio the Azores or leroeia iflands, 
 and thdt of Madeira W. of Poruigal : in A- 
 frica th: Cape Vc.d ilbnds, the fort oFMar- 
 zageo, on the coafts of Raibary ; Mina and 
 Arquin on thofe of Guincy, with feveral 
 more on the, coafts of Congo and Angola ; 
 Mozambique on thofe of Zraigucbar : and in 
 Af;a, Coa, Diu, Datnan and Chaul, on thofe 
 of Tonquebar ; and on the coaft of China 
 the town of Macao; but this hft, thoi>gh 
 moftly inhabited by Portugiiefe, is entirely 
 fubjcft to the Chinefe, 
 
 FO'RY, Adj. I from fore] full of pores. 
 To POSE, V. A. ta perplex or confound 
 with a difficulty 
 
 PO'SER, S. one that puzzles with diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 POSITED, Adj. [po/Jtus, Ltit.] placed. 
 POSITION, S. [Fr. f>cfir;o, Lat.j the 
 ft ite of being placed. Situation. A principle 
 laid down. In grammar, the (late of being 
 placed before two eonfonants or a double con- 
 fonant, 
 
 POSI'TIONAL, Adj. rcfpefting pofition. 
 PO'SITIVE, Adj. Ipojlfif, Fr. fcftnws, 
 Lat.] capable of being alTirmed. Real ; ab- 
 folute. Stubborn in opinion. Settled by 
 arbitrary appointment. Certain. 
 
 PO'SITiVELY, A<3v. abfoiutely j cer- 
 tainly. 
 
 PO'SITIVENESS, S. aaualnefs. Confi- 
 dence in opinion. 
 
 POSITIVPTY, S. confidence; ftubborn- 
 nefs in opinion. " Courage and f>o/ith/ity,'^ 
 Wotts. A low word. 
 
 PO'SITURE, S. [fefdura, Lat.] the 
 manner in which a thin'^is placed. 
 
 PO'>.NET, S. {ixom bajfinet, Fr,] a little 
 bafon or porringer. 
 
 PO'SSii, S. [Lat.] an armed power ; from 
 fo^'i co7>:itatus, Lat. the power of a fhire. 
 ■ To POSSE'SS, V. A. IpcJ'cJfus, Lat.] to 
 enjoy. To have in one's power j to enjoy as 
 a mafter. To feize. 
 
 POSSE'SSION, S. the ftate of having in 
 one's hands or power. The thing enjoyed by 
 a perfcn. 
 
 POSSES'SIVE, Adj. having pofTefTion. 
 Plurally, in grammar, Adje^ives, which 
 fiTnify the poii'clTion of, or inheritance in 
 fome thing. 
 
 POSSE'SSOR, S. [pojcffiur, Fr. pojfefor, 
 Lat.] an owner, or proprietor ; one that has 
 any thing in his hands. 
 
 PO'SSET, S. \fofca, Lat.] milk curdled 
 with treacle, wine, or any acid. 
 
 To PO'SSET, V. A. to turn or ciirdlc 
 milk with wine, treacle, or acids. 
 
 POSSIBI'LITY, S. [foffibUit^; Fr.] the 
 quality of being to be done by the excrtioa 
 of power. 
 PO'SSIBLE, Adj. [¥t. fcjiiilh, Lat.] ha- 
 ving
 
 P o s 
 
 vin^ the power to be done. Not inconfiflent 
 with the nature of things. 
 
 PO'SSIBLY, Adv. to bedonc by any power 
 exi fling; perhap'^- 
 
 POST, S. [foffe, Fr.] a haffy niefTfngcr ; 
 one employed in carrying letters. A ijuick 
 and expeditions manner of travelling. A It- 
 tuatioii, or feat. A military ftaiion. Place 
 or office. A piece of timber fet up eredl:. 
 
 To POST, V. N. [fcfter, Fr.J to travel 
 with fpeed. A^ively, to fix on a port in dif- 
 grace. To place i.r fix. In commerce, to enter 
 the articles on their proper fides in a ledger. 
 
 PO'STAGE, S. money paid for tlie car- 
 riage of letters, or any thing conveyed by a 
 po.'t. 
 
 PO'ST-BOY, S. one that carries letters. 
 
 To PO'STDATE, V. A. [pojl, Lat after, 
 and date] to date later or after the real 
 time. 
 
 POSTDILU'VIAN, Adj. f/o/?, and dllu- 
 vium, Lat.] after the flood. 
 
 PO'SrER, S. a courier ; or one fent in 
 hafte. 
 
 POSTE'RIOR, Adj. [pojlcrhur, Fr. po- 
 jler'wr, Lat. ] happening, or placed after ; fol- 
 lowing. Backwards. Jn the plural ufed for 
 the hinder parts. 
 
 POSTERIO'RITY, S. {poficrlonte, Fr.] 
 the ftate of being after in the order of time. 
 
 POSTE'RIFY, S. Ifofuntc', Fr. poftcrl- 
 tJS, Lat.] thofe that are born or live after. 
 Dtfcendants. 
 
 PO'STERN, S. Ipcftcrre, Fr. fcprne, 
 Belg.] a fmdll narrow gate or door. 
 
 POSTEX'ISTENCE, S. future exiflence. 
 
 POSTHA'STE, S. hurry, or the hafleof 
 a podboy. 
 
 POSi- HOUSE, S. an office where letters 
 are taken in, 
 
 POSTHU'MOUS, Adj. done, or publifted 
 after one's death. 
 
 PO'S riCK, Adj. f/-/?;Vr/j, Lat.] backward. 
 
 PO'STIL, S. Ipc/iiiU, Fr. pofn//a, Lat.] 
 glofs 5 marginal notes. 
 
 To PO'STIL, V. A. ffrom the noun] to 
 glofs ; to illuftrate with marginal notes. 
 
 POSTl'LLER, S. ffrom popU] one who 
 gloflcs or illuflrates with marginal notes. 
 
 POSTI'LLION, S. \pcfiilLn, Fr.] one 
 who rides on the firft pair of fix horfes be- 
 longing to a coach, in order to guide them. 
 
 POSfLl'MINOUS, Adj. \ poftlimimum, 
 Lat.] done or contrived afterwards. 
 
 POSTMA'STER-GENERAL, S. he who 
 prefidcs over the pofls or letter-carriers. 
 
 POSTMERI'DIAN, Adj. [pcpir.erldiamn, 
 Lat.] being in the afternoon. 
 
 PO'ST-OFFICE, S. \p,J}, and office] of- 
 fice wliere letters are delivered to the polt ; a 
 poit houfc. 
 
 To POSTPO'NE, V- A. [pcfpono, Lat.] 
 fo put off or delay. 
 
 POSTRIDU'AN, Adj. [Lat.] done the 
 pcxt day after. 
 
 POT 
 
 PO'STSCRIPT, S. [poj}, and fcnptun-; 
 Lat.j a par: added to, or written after the 
 letter. 
 
 To PO'STULATE, V. A. \pcj}„latu$, 
 Lat.] to beg orafTume as true, wiihout proof. 
 
 PO'STULATE, S. \pofi-Jatum, Lat.j a 
 pofirion affumed without proof. 
 
 PO'STULATION, S. the acl of affuming , 
 as true, without proof. 
 
 POSTULA'TORY, Adj. afTuming with- 
 out-pronf. 
 
 PO'STURE, S. [Fr.] place, or fituation. 
 The manner in which the parts of the hu- 
 man body are placed. Figuratively, Hate or 
 Jifpofition. - 
 
 POSTULA'TUM, S. a pofiiion allumed 
 without proof. 
 
 PO'STUREMASTER, S. one who fur- 
 prifes by uncommon attitudes or contortions 
 of his body. 
 
 PO'SY, S. [contrafled from poefy] the 
 motto of a ring. A buncH of fiovicrs. 
 
 POT, S. [Fr. and Belg. pottc, m. potto, 
 Ital.] a vcfTcl in which meat is boiled. A 
 vellel, ■Sec. to hold drink, or iufufe tea in. 
 A vefiel to make urine in. 'To go, to pot, im- 
 plies to be deflroyed or devoured. 
 
 To POT, V. A. to prefcrve in pots : to 
 incjofe in pots. 
 
 PO'TABLE, Adj. [Fr.potaMlis, Lat.] fit 
 for drinking. Such as may be drank. 
 
 rO'TAGER, S. [from pctta^c] a velTel t» 
 eat pottage in. A porringer. 
 
 POTA'RGO, S. a Weft-India pickle. 
 
 POTASH, S. Ipotiife, Fr.] an impure, 
 fixed, alcalinefalt, made by burning vegetables* 
 
 rOTA'TION, S. [potatio, Lat.j draught, 
 drinking bout. 
 
 POiA'TGS, S. [potados. Span.] an efculent 
 root. 
 
 POTBE'LLTED, Adj. havinga belly fwell- 
 ing out like a pot. 
 
 POfBE'LLY, S. a fwelling belly. 
 
 To POTCH. V. A. to thruft; to pud). 
 Froin pccher, Fr. to poach ; to boil flightly. 
 
 PO'TENCY, S. [potcntia, Lat.j pov.'er : 
 efficacy ; ftrength. 
 
 PO'TENT, Ad], [potem, Lat.] powerfuj ; 
 ftrong. Having great authority. 
 
 PO'TENTATE, S. [potentat, Fr.] a prince, 
 or one enjoying fovertign power. 
 
 POTE'NTIAL, Adj. lpotcrdc!,Yr.potef!- 
 tialis, Lat.] exifling only in power, nut in 
 a(ft. Efficacious, powerful. In grammar, ap- 
 plied to that mood which denotes the poflibi- 
 iity of doing a thing. 
 
 POTENTIA'LI FY, POTEN'TIAL- 
 NFSS, S. poffibility. 
 
 PO FE'NTIALLY, Adv. in power or pofTj- 
 bility, oppofed to a(flu;illy or pofitively. In- 
 efficacy, oppo(ed to adtualnefs. 
 
 POTENTLY, Adv. powerfully. 
 
 PO'TGUN, S. [corrupted from popgun^ 
 I a gnu which makes a imall im3.1i noife. 
 
 3 B » 
 
 POT-
 
 F O U 
 
 P R A 
 
 POT-HA'KGER, S. a hook or branch on I POU'NDERj S. {fuvdere, Sax.] the namC" 
 
 winch a pot is hung over the fire. of a very large pear. Any perfon or other 
 
 FO'THECARY, S. a corruption of Apo- thing denominated from a certain number ot 
 
 THECARV 
 
 PO'THF.R, S alniftle, tumult, or hurry. 
 
 ToPO'THER. V. A. to make a bulling 
 and inertccftual attempt. 
 
 i'O'THEKB, S. an herb fit for the pot. 
 
 PO'THOOK, S. hooks to taflen pots or 
 kettles. Alfo ill formed, or Icravvling letters 
 or charafters. 
 
 PO'TION, S. [Fr. po/lo, Lat.] a draught 
 of phyfic. 
 
 PO'f.SHERD. S. a fragment of a broken 
 pot. 
 
 I'O'TTAGE, S. ffctacre, Fr.] broth, or 
 any thino boiled for food. 
 
 PO'TTER, S. [totkr, Fr.] a maker of 
 earthen ware. 
 
 PO'TTER's-ORE, S. an ore very eafily 
 vitrcficd, and ufcd by potters in glazing thtir 
 veflels. 
 
 PO'TTING, S. drinking." 
 
 PO'TTLE, S. [from lark] a liquid mea- 
 fure containing tour pints. 
 
 POT-VA'LIANT, AdJ, made daring by 
 cxrcfTive drinking. 
 
 POUCH, S. [pod^e, Fr.] a fmall bag or 
 pocket. Figuratively, the belly- 
 To POUCH, V. A. to put in the pocket. 
 To fvvallovv. To pout, or hang doun tiie lip. 
 
 PO'VKRTY, S. «ant of moncv or nccel- 
 faries. Meannefs, or want of ornament, ap- 
 plied to (Hie. 
 
 POU'LDAVIS, S. a kind of fuil-cloth. 
 
 AiNS. 
 
 POULT, S. IfcuLt, Fr.] a young chicken 
 or turkey. 
 
 POU'LTERER, S. one who fells fowls. 
 POU'LTICK, POU'LTIVE, S. a foft me- 
 dicine, applied to adWage a fuelling or inflam- 
 mation. " PW.kvs allay pains." Tt-wpk. 
 POU'LTRY, S. {poimt, i't. pullltla, Lat.J 
 domelVic fcwls. 
 
 POUNCF., S. \poy.xcne, Ital.] the claw or 
 talons of <i bird of prey. The powder of gum 
 fjndarach, uftd to prevent paper from fink- 
 ing. 
 
 To POUNC^, V. A. f/c-r^sMn-, Ital.] to 
 pierce or make holes. T o pour oi fprinkle 
 through holes. 'I o feizp with the t^ilons. 
 
 POUNCED, Adj. furnilhcd with claws or 
 talons. 
 
 POUND, S. \pcnA, pi.nA,?,:xy!.. pcr.do,!.^.^] 
 a weight confiding ot t^^e^•e ounces in Troy, 
 and fixteen ounces in A voirdupoife weight. A 
 fimi confifting of twenty fliillings fteiling. 
 An inclnfure or prifon in which llraycd beads 
 are confined. 
 
 To POUND, V. A. to beat to pieces with 
 
 a peltle. To Ihut upor confine Ifrayed cattle, 
 
 POU'NDAGE, S. a certain fum deduced 
 
 from every pound fterling. A payment or tax 
 
 pounds 5 htncc^ ten pounder. 
 
 To POUR, V. A. to let liquor out of a 
 veflcl into fome other place. To let out or 
 iiive vent to. Neuterly, to flow in dreams, 
 i o rufh tumult^ioufly. 
 POU'RER, S. one that pours, 
 POU r, S. a kind of iifh : a cod fifh. A 
 kind of bird. 
 
 To POUT, V. N. [bouter, Fr.] to look 
 fallen or exprefs difcontent by thrufting out 
 ihc lips. To gape, or be prominent. 
 
 POWDER, S. \poudrc, Fr,]dna, or any 
 thing beat mto fmall pai tides. Gunpowder. 
 A fcented duft ufed tor the hair. 
 
 To POWDER, V, A. to reduce to duft or 
 viound fmall. To fprinkle the hair with 
 ivhiie or giev duft. To fult or fprinkle with 
 I'alt, Neuterly, to come or attack in a violent 
 md tumultuous manner, ufcd with upon. 
 
 PO'WDER-HORN, %. \ powder, dni hom] 
 i horn cafe in which powder is kept for guns, 
 PO'WDER-MILL, S. [poivder, andw;7/] 
 the mill in which the ingredients for gun- 
 powder are ground and mingled. 
 
 PO a'DER-ROOM, S. that part of a Hiip 
 in which the gunpowder is kept. 
 
 POW'DERING-T UB, S. a tub in which 
 meat is failed. A place in which a perfon is 
 phydcked for any venereal taint. 
 
 PO'WDERY, Adj. [poudreux, Fr,] dufty; 
 fiidhle. 
 
 POWER, S. \pcufclr, Fr.] command; 
 influence, or dominion. Ability; force. 
 Strciioth. The moving force of an en»ine. 
 Nfatural flrength. A faculty of the mind. 
 Go\'ernment, or the right of governing. A 
 fovereign, or one inveded with command or 
 dominion. A divine or fpiritual being. An 
 rfriny or milit.Try force. 
 
 POW'ERFUL, Adj. invefled with com- 
 mand or .luthority. Efficacious ; forcible. 
 
 POWERFULLY, Adv. in a forcible, ef- 
 fic.icious, or mighty manner. 
 
 POW'ERFULNESS, S. the quahty of be- 
 injj poflefled with force, efficacy, or miijht, 
 
 POWERLESS, Adj. weak or unable to 
 force or produce an effect. 
 
 POX, S. the venereal difeafe. 
 PRA'CrrCABLE, Adj. [Fr.] ripable of 
 l>eing rraOifcd, performed, or aflailed. 
 
 PRA'C rJCABLY, Adv. in fucha manner 
 as fiiav be performed, - 
 
 PRA'CTICAL, Adj, f/.»7z<7.7uf, Yr. prac- 
 ticus, Lat.] relating to aflion, oppofcd to fpe- 
 culative 
 
 PRA'CTICALLY, Adv. in a manner re- 
 lating to a(frton ; by practice. 
 
 PRA'CriCALNESS, S. the quality of 
 jbeing the fubjeft of rflion, 
 
 I'RA'CTICE, S, [TrpaKTiKo,-, Gr.]thc ha- 
 
 rnred according fo the weight of the commo- bit of doing any thing, Ule or cufbm. De 
 dity. jterity acquired by frequent action. Acfluai 
 
 \ performance.
 
 P R A 
 
 •performance, or 3(f>ion diftinjjiiifhed from 
 fpccnlarion. Thf exercifc of any profcflion, 
 cfpecially that of mcficine. 
 
 PRA'CTirK, Adj. \'7t',cL^T.-^(^, Gr.l 
 relating \.n a<f^ion ^ not merely tlieoreticil 
 Sly ; artful. 
 
 To PRACTISE. V. A. \pu7t^uer, Fr. ' 
 it fhould be remarked that the fubihntive is 
 ipelt with a r, as praSiice, and the verb whh 
 an/, as in praSlife] to do frequently. To re- 
 duce toa<rtii>n, opjiofed to profefs. To ufe o 
 repeat in order to acquire habit or dexterity. 
 Neuterly, to tranfaft or negociate fecretly. 
 To cxercife any profedi^n 
 
 PRA'C TISER, S. one that does anything 
 frequently or liabitually. 
 
 PRACTI'TIONER, one enoaged in the 
 actual exercife of any art. One that ufcs tricks 
 or (trata^rems. 
 
 PR.tCO'GNITA, S. [Lat.] thint^s that 
 mufl be known in order to undcrftand ibme 
 thing elfe. 
 
 PRAGJVIA'TIC,PRAGMA'TICAL, Adj. 
 \ pragmattquf, Fr. Tr^ayua, Gr. ] meddling j 
 impertinently bufy ; performing or doing 
 without either being aiJced or welcome. 
 
 PRAGIV1A'TIC.ALNES§, S. [from prj^- 
 matkal] the quality of intermeddling without 
 light or call. 
 
 PRAGUE, one of the nine circles in the 
 eaftcrn divilion of Bohemia, an empire ot 
 Germany. Its capilal of the fame name, 
 and indeed of the whole kingdom as, well as 
 the ancient feats of the kings of Bohemia ; 
 in Latin Pra^a, the ancient A/oro/iawrtV'm, i?;^- 
 hienum, and Cufurgis. It lies in a pleafant and 
 ■'fruitful country, admid ft gardensand fine fields, 
 furrounded with pallets and plcafure-houfcs, 
 
 PRE 
 
 down the town in fix days open trenches, -af- 
 ter which the place furrendercd to him. Bitt 
 iji his attempt upon it in 17 5S, after ritiin<» 
 down for a fiiort time before it, he was ob- 
 liged to rjife the fiege, a confidcrjble re- 
 inforcement having been thrown into the 
 place. 
 
 PRAISE, S. Iprns, Beig. prif^. Teut.] 
 an acknowledgment made of the cxellcncy or 
 perfc(ftion of any perfon pr aftinn Fame. 
 A tribute of gratitude. A ground or reafon 
 for commendation. 
 
 To PRAISE, V. A. to CO mmend, celebrate 
 or difplay the exellencics or merit of any per- 
 fon or thing To attribute honour and excel- 
 lency in worfhip. 
 
 PRAlS'tR, S. one that applauds or com- 
 mends. 
 
 PR ATSEWO'RTHY, Adj. defervlngcom- 
 mendation, honour or praife. 
 
 PRAME, S. a flat-bottonml boat. 
 To PRANCE, V.N. [pronkcn, Helg.] to 
 fpring and bound in high mettle. To ride fa 
 an oftentatious manner. To move in a Ihdwy 
 manner. 
 
 To PRANK, V. A. [/>r(ir,kf>i, Belg.] to 
 drefs out oftentatioully, or in a Ihowy man- 
 ner. 
 
 PRANK, S. a mad a^ion or frolic. 
 To PRATE, V. N. [pr^tcn, Belg.] to 
 talk much and to little purpofe. 
 
 PRATE, S. exceffive talking to little pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 PRA'TINGLY, S. with tittle tattle; with 
 loquacity. 
 
 PRA'TTIQT^rE, 5;.,.[Fr./,ra,//V^, Ttdl.] a 
 licence for a mafter of a fliip to traffick in the 
 ports of Italy upon a certificate that the place 
 
 •and on the Muldaw, which river divides it from whence he came, is not annoyed with 
 into two parts. This is one of the largelt any infe(ftioiis difeafe 
 
 cities in Europe, being about twelve miles in 
 circuit, and next to London, Paris, and Con- 
 ftantinople, the moft populous. It has 100 
 ■churches befides nine Jewifh fynagogiies, 
 .and a famous univerfity, which ftands in the 
 old town, and was founded in 1358, by the 
 emperor Charles IV. being the only one in 
 'Bohemia, with 1409 (ludents commonly now 
 in it. But when the cclebra'cd John Hufs 
 was redor here in 1409, it is alledgcd to 
 have had no lefs than 44,000. And after- 
 wards, when the emperor Charle:. V. would 
 have retrenched the privileges of the ftudents, 
 
 To PRA'TTLE, V. N. to talk much on 
 uifiing fubie(fts. 
 
 PRA'TTLE, S. the aft of fpeaking much 
 on trifling fubje(fls to little purpofe. 
 
 PRAVITY, S. l/o-a-viuu, Lat.J aftatc 
 wliercin a thing has loft its perfection. 
 
 PRAWN, S. a fifh rcfcmbiing a (hrimp, 
 hut fomewhat larger and of a different co- 
 lour. 
 
 To PRAY, V. N. fpnct-, Fr. pregarr, 
 Ital. precari, Lat.] to afk the deity for fome- 
 thing wanted. To entreat in a fubmirtlve and 
 e.uneft manner. I proy, o'- beg, is fomdimcs 
 
 «4,occof them are faid to have left it in one uftd elliplically for / pray you, in a lUghrly 
 week, and 16,000 more foon after. Here are ceremonious manner of intraducing a que(ti- 
 fevcral monafteries and colleges, of which there on. Actively, to afk as a fupplicaut or en- 
 is a very magnificent one belonging to the je- treat in a ceremonious manner. 
 
 fuits near the bridge, from the belfry of 
 whofe church is the heft profpect of the city, 
 and in and about it there is no lefs than 20co 
 of that order. Prague hjs been often t.iken 
 and plundered, the befiegers bombs h.iviiig 
 alfo greatly damaged its ftruflurcs. The lalt 
 I -lime but once this hippened, namely, in 
 
 PRA'YER, S. \pikn\ Fr.j a petition or 
 reqiieft made to heaven. An entreaty, or fub- 
 miffive and earneft requeft. 
 
 To PREACH, V. N. \pnfler, Fr. p,-^. 
 duo, Lat. I to pronounce a diicourfi- on f >nie 
 facrcd fubjetl. 'I o delivc 1 in a fjcred fpecch. 
 To inculcate with carr4cf!ntfs and lukin- 
 
 ;'744i tlie king of i'rulFirt had ulmoU battered { nity. 
 
 J'.RI'ACIIE.'^,
 
 PRE 
 
 PRr'ACHER, S. \pyefchcuy, Tr.} 
 who di*courres publickiy on religluus fub- 
 jcdls; one who inculcates any thing with 
 carneftnefs or vehemence. 
 
 PRt'ACHMEN r, S. a difcouirc affeacJ- 
 ly grave or devout. 
 
 FilEA'i\tBLE, S. [/-..-mw/k/c, Fr.] fonie- 
 thin" don= by way of intradud'tion. An over- 
 ture on thcdi'.im. 
 
 PRE-APPREHE'N'SIOX, S. an opinion 
 /ormeJ before examination. 
 
 PRE'BEND, S. [prchcnde, Fr. prebenda, 
 Ita!. originally an allowance given to canonsj 
 a ftipcnd or allowance "ranted in the cathe- 
 dral churches. A pcrfon who has a piebcnd 
 or (linend in a cathedral. 
 
 PRE'BEND.-iRY, S. one who has a ftipend 
 in .T catheJral, 
 
 PREC-X'RIOUS, Adj. [frecariw., Lat. 
 rcaire, Fr ) uncertain. 
 
 PKECA'l^lOL.SNESS, S. the quality of 
 "being vmcf.tain, becaufe depending on the 
 ■will of another. 
 
 PRECAUTION, S. [precaution, Fr.] a 
 mtafure cr hint given to prevent fomethmg. 
 ToPRECAU'TION, V- A. \prccautlomr, 
 Fr.l To sive warning before hand. 
 
 PRECEDA'NEOUS, Adj. [praceddneus 
 Lat.] previous; beforehand. 
 
 To PRECE'DE, V. A. [pracedo, L^t.] 
 precede-)-, Fr.] to go before in oroer of time 
 or place. 
 
 PRECE'DENCr, PRECE'DENCY, S 
 \praccdcKS^ Lat ] the aft or (late ot gonv^ 
 before in order of time, place, or dignity. 
 Superiority. 
 
 PRECEDENT, Adj. [Fr. prarccdens, Lat.J 
 former ; going before. | 
 
 PRE'CEDEN'T, S. [the adjeftive for ciu- 
 rnflion is accented en the fccond, and .he 
 fuhilmtive on the firlt fyllable] any thing tliat 
 is an example or rule for fi'.ture times. Any 
 tbin^of the fame kind done before. 
 
 pilECE'N^rOR, S. [pr^scer.tor, Lat. prc- 
 cer.teur, Fr.] one that fmgs firlt or leads a 
 choir. 
 
 PRE'CEPr, S. [preccpte, Fr. prcecepum, 
 Lat. ] a rule given by a fuperior. A direaion 
 or command. 
 
 PRECii'PflAL, Adj. confifling of pre- 
 ce-its. 
 
 P«tRCE'PTJVE, Adj. rprxccpti-jus, Lit.] 
 CJTit -.iiiing or giving lules or commands. 
 
 pPvECE'PTOR, S. \prc:eptrur, Fr.] one 
 th;it infJriicls, and has the care of youth. 
 
 PRECE'SSIOM, S. fpr^ccjiis, Lat.J the 
 a<rt or ftute of going before. 
 
 PRi=:C[NCT, S. [prac'wFnis. Lat.] an 
 outward I'mit or boundary. A ward. 
 
 PREC;0'S[TY, PRE'CIOUSNESS, S. 
 value ; any thing of high price. 
 
 PP>.E'C10US, Adj. [prec'teux, Fr. pretiofus, 
 Lat. ! valuable ; of great worth. Coltly, or 
 of great price. 
 
 PRE'ClPiCE, S. [pr^ciplttum, Lat, from 
 
 PRE 
 
 one\ prdsceps, Lat.] a headlong -flecp ; a deep place 
 
 tiom which a perfon cannot dcfcend without 
 falling down headiong. 
 
 PRECI'PITAKCE, PRECl'PiTANCY, 
 S. rafh, hafle, or hurry. 
 
 PRECl'prrANT, Adj. [/)r*-a/;wffi, Lat.] 
 falling or rufhing headlong : ralbly hurried. 
 Too hafty. 
 
 ToPRECI'PITATE, V. A. [pracet-itam, 
 L-at.preclpitcr, Fr. ] to throw down headlong. 
 To haften unexptftcdly, rallily, or blindly. 
 
 PRECl'PITATE, Adj. falling as from a 
 ftjeppbce; he.-!dlong; ralhly, hurried. Hafty, 
 violent. 
 
 PRECl'PITATE, S. a corrofive medi- 
 cine, made by precipitating mercury. 
 
 PRECiPITA'TlON', S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 throwing down headlong or from a precipice. 
 A violent motion downwards. A raih tumul- 
 tous and blind hafle or hurry. In chemiftry, 
 the aft of making a thing fubfide as a fedi- 
 ment. 
 
 PRECI'PITOXJS, /.dj. [pracipi'h, Lat.] 
 headlong; ftcep. Ha{ly j fuddeh. RaQi ; 
 heady. 
 
 PRECI'SE, Adj. pracijus, Latin] exaft ; 
 drift; nice; having ftiitt and determinate 
 limiialions. Formjl; finical. 
 
 PRECrSELY, Adv. [from precifc] ex- 
 aftly ; nicely accnr>tely. With fuperfti- 
 tious formality ; v.ith too much fcrupulo- 
 fity. 
 
 PRECI'SENESS, S. the quality of being 
 too nice or exaft. 
 
 PRLCl'SL'^N, S. one who limits or re- 
 trains. One nice or exaft to excefs. 
 
 PRECI'SION, S. [Fr.] an c>:aft limita- 
 tion. 
 
 PRECrsiVE, Adj. [prec'.fiii, Lat.] ex- 
 aftly limiting fo as to cut otf all occafions for 
 difpute. 
 
 To PRECLIJ'DE, V. A. Ipra^cLdo, Lat.] 
 to fliut out, exclude, or hinder beforehand. 
 
 PRECO'CIOUS, Adj. [pracccls. La:, prc- 
 cocf, Fr.] lipe bcfoic ihe time. 
 
 PRECO'CITY, S. [from precocious] ripe- 
 nefs before the time. 
 
 Tol RECO'GITATE, V. A. [praccgito^ 
 Lat.] to confider or fcheme beforehand. 
 
 PRECOGNl'TION, S.[pru:cogr.iui, Lat.] 
 fore knowledge. 
 
 PRECONXEI'T, S. [pro', and conccit\ 
 an opinion previoufly formed. 
 
 To i'RECONCE'IVE, V. A. [prcconce- 
 voir, Fr. pra, and conclpio, Lat.] to form an 
 opinion before due examination. 
 
 PRECONCE'PTION, S.anopiHion form- 
 ed before cxan^ination. 
 
 PRECO'NTRACT, S. [formerly accented 
 on the laft fyllablej a contraft made before 
 another. 
 
 To PRECO'NTR.'ICT, V. A. tocontraft 
 or bargain beforehand. 
 
 PRECUR'SE, S. {pracurjuz, Lat.] the aft 
 or Hate of foierunniug. 
 
 PRr.CUR'SOR>
 
 PRE 
 
 PRECUil'SOR, S. [pr^curfor, Lat, fr^- 
 ciK-ftxir, Fr. ] one who goes before anothor. 
 /\n harbinger. 
 
 PREDA'CEOUS, Adj. [pmda. Lat.] li- 
 ving hy prey. 
 
 PRE'DAL, Adj. rol)hin[; ; phindcnn?. 
 
 PRE'DATORY, AJj. [fr^Jatorha, Lat.] 
 plundering ; hungry ; ravenous j preying. 
 
 PREDECE'SSOR, S. [predeceffevr, Fr.] 
 one that enjoys any place, or was'in any (tale 
 before another. See Ancestor. 
 
 PREDESTIN'ARTAN, S. one that holds 
 the docftrrne of predefiination. 
 
 To PREDE'STINATE, V. A, T/r^.and 
 (iefiinatus, hiit. fredej'iiier, B'r.] to doom or 
 appoint by an irreverfihle decree. 
 
 PREDESTINATION, S. [Fr.] the a£t or 
 docflrine of appointing to any ftate by an ir- 
 reverfibieand unconditional decree. 
 
 PREDESTINA'TOR, S. one that holds 
 predefrinatiofi, or the prevalence of pre- efla- 
 bliihed neceflity. 
 
 To PREDESTINF:, V. A. [fra and def- 
 :l:;c'\ to decree beforehand. 
 
 PREDErE'RMINATION, S. [Fr.] the 
 aft of determining beforeliard. 
 
 To PREDETERMINE, V. A. f/>w and 
 determine} to doom or confine by previous de- 
 cree. 
 
 PRt'DIAL, Adj. [fyadiurr., Lat.] in law, 
 confining of farms. 
 
 PRE'DICABLE, Adj. [Fr.] p>-adkaba!is, 
 Lat.] fuchas may be affirmed of any thing. 
 
 PRE'DICABLE, S. \predicabUe, Lat.'] in 
 logic, a general quality which may be affirmed 
 of" any thing. 
 
 PRE'DICAMENT, S. a clafs or order of 
 beings or fubjefts ranged according to their 
 natures. A clafs or kind. 
 
 PRE'DICAWT, S. [pradkam, Lat.] one 
 that affirms any thing. 
 
 To PREDICATE, V. A. [pradkatus, 
 Lat.] to affirm any thing of another thing. 
 
 PRE'DIGATE, S, \pra-dkatum, Lat.] that 
 v^liich is affirmed or denied of the fubjeft. 
 
 PREDICA'TION, S. [pradicatio, Lat.] 
 the aft of affirming. 
 
 To PREDI'CT, V. A. [pradlffus, Lat.] 
 to tell or fhow beforehand. 
 
 PREDI'CTION, S. [Fr. pr^edinb, Lat.] 
 a declaration of fomething future. 
 
 PREDIGE'STiON, S. digeflion perform- 
 ed too foon. 
 
 To PREDISPO'SE, V. A. to adapt, before- 
 hand to any particular purpofe. 
 
 PREDISFOSI'TION, S. the aft or ftate 
 of adapting before to any purpofe. 
 
 PREDO'IVIINANCE, PREDO'MINAN- 
 CY, S. [pra, and dominium, Lat.] prevalence. 
 Superior influence. 
 
 PREDO'MINANT, Adj. [Fr.] prevalent, 
 or having a fuperior influence. 
 
 To PREDO'MINATE, V. A. [pradomi- 
 ratus. Lat.] to prevail; to have a fuperior 
 iiiflueHce : to be afcendant. 
 
 PRE 
 
 To PRE'-ELECT, V. A. tochoofehefore- 
 h.nd. 
 
 PRE'-EMINENCE, S. [Fr.] a fuperior, 
 flatc of excellence. Priority of place, power, 
 or influence. 
 
 PRE'-EMINENT, Adj. [Fr.] having ex- 
 cellence fuperior to others. 
 
 PfiE'-EMFTlON, S. \praanpuo, Lat.] the 
 right of purchafing before others. 
 
 To PRE'-ENGAGE, V. A. to engage 
 before. 
 
 PRE'-ENGAGEMENT, S, a prior or 
 precedent obligation. 
 
 To PREEN. V. A. [/.ryw«,Bclg.todrefsJ 
 to tri.".! the fenthers. 
 
 To PRE-ES fA'BLISK, V. A. to edablifh 
 or fettle beforehand. 
 
 PRE-EPTA'BLISHMENT, S. fettlement 
 beforehand. 
 
 To PRE-FXrST, V. N. to exi ft before. 
 
 PRE-i:XPSTEKCE, S the date of exiil- 
 ing before its union wiih the body, applied to 
 the foul. 
 
 PRE-EXI'STENT, Adj. [Yx. prcc-exiftais, 
 Lat.] exifling before. 
 
 PRF.'FACli, S. [Fr. prcefatio, Lat.] 
 fomething ufed as preparatory, or introduc- 
 tory. A difcourfe prefixed to a book. 
 
 To PRE'FACE, V. N. \f>raefan,_ Lat.] to 
 fay fomething by way of introduftion. lo 
 introduce by fomething going before. 
 
 PRE'FAfORY, Atlj. ferving to intro- 
 duce. 
 
 PRE'FECT, S. [prefcaus. Lat,] a gover- 
 nor or conMTirnder. 
 
 PREFl'CTUPvE, S. [Fr.] a government. 
 
 To PREFER, V. A-. [pteferer, Yr.prae- 
 fcro, Lat.] to regard, e(lie;n, or, value more 
 than another: ufed with above, before, or tc, 
 before the tiling lefs eflecnied. To exalt or 
 raile in dignity. In law, to exhibit a bill or 
 accufation. 
 
 PRE'FERABLE, Adj. [Fr.] to be chofen, 
 efteemed, or valued more than fomething 
 elfe. 
 
 PRE'FERABLY, Adv. in preference ; m 
 fuch a manner as to prefer one thing to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 PRE'FERENCE, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 efleemlng more, or choofing before another} 
 ufed with to, before, czier, or abo've, before the 
 thing difregarded.- 
 
 PREFERIMEMT, S. advancement to a 
 Ivgher poll or ftation. A place of honour or 
 profit. The aft of eficeming or choofing one 
 thing rather than another, 
 
 1 o PREFi'GURATE, V. A. [pr^, and 
 figurattn, Lat. J to Ihovv by fome precedent, 
 figure or reprefentation. 
 
 PREFIGURA'TION, S. an antecedent 
 reprefentation. 
 
 To PREFI'GURE, V. A. to fhow by fome 
 figure or token before. 
 
 ^ToPREFI'NE, V. A. {praef^nio, Lat.] 
 to limit beforehand, 
 
 3 B 4 To PREFI'X,
 
 PRE 
 
 To PREFI'X, V. A [pjffaus, Lat.] to 
 ap[-oiiit licforehanJ. 1 o fettle. To fix, place, 
 or Jet liCtoic aiiotlier thing. 
 
 PRiLL-J'X, S. [fraejixum, Lat.] Some par- 
 title put before .i word, to vary its fignifi- 
 c.ifion. 
 
 FREFI'XION', S. \freJ!xion.¥i:kamfrc- 
 fiA^ t'.ie ait ot' prirfixing. 
 
 To PERFO'RM, V. A, [prae, 2ini form] 
 to form bcforehjnd. 
 
 PREFU'LGED, Adj. [fracfulgidus, Lat.] 
 very bright. 
 
 PRE'CtNANCY, S. [pragnar.s, Lat. 1 the 
 fldte of bcin;; with cliild : fruittulnefs of in- 
 vt-ntion, applied to the mind. 
 
 PREGrvAHT, Adj. {Yy. praegnans, Lat.j 
 teeminj; i breeding ; big wih young. Fruit- 
 ful or c'liifing fertility. Full of conl^uences. 
 Evident ; clear. Eafy ta produce. 
 
 I'REGUSTA'TION, b. ■ prae, and gufic, 
 Lat.] the a4l of talfing before another. 
 
 To PREjU'DGE, V. A. to determine 
 any tjueflion, or condemn before examina- 
 tion. . - . 
 
 To PREJU'DICATE, V. A. [prac, and 
 jiuiuo, Lat.j to determine beforehand to dif- 
 ad vantage. 
 
 PRE'JUDICATE, Adj. [prae, and juJi- 
 cdtu:, Lat.] formed before examination . 
 
 PREJUDlC.VlTO.V, S. the aft of judg- 
 ing before hand. 
 
 PREjU'i)lCE, S. [^r. pruf judicium, Lzt] 
 a judgment or opinion formed before exami- 
 r^tion, either in favour or ;igain(t a perfon or 
 tlun<^ A niifchief, damage, or detriment. 
 
 To PRE'JUDICE, V. A to prtpodcfs a 
 perfon with a good or bad opinion of a perfon 
 or thin" befoie he can fee or examine. To 
 Tie of difiirvice or hurt by means of precon- 
 ceived opinions. 
 
 PRtJLDl'CIAL, Adj. [Fr.] hindering, 
 irjuriii", or hurting by preconceived opi- 
 nions. 
 
 PRE'LACY, S. [from /-m'a/f] the dignity 
 of a pcffon of thehigheft puds in the church. 
 The order of bifuops. 
 
 PRL'LATE, S. \prelat, Fr. prailatui, 
 Lat.] a clergyman of the higheft order. 
 
 PREl-A'l ION, S. \pvclitu^, lat.] prefe- 
 aciicc ■■, fetting of one above the other. 
 
 PRE'LATURE, PRE'i.ATURESxHIP, S 
 \p,;iclafdra, Lat.] the Hate or dignity of a 
 piclate. 
 
 PRELE'CTION, S. [praelcBh, Lat.Jread- 
 ing; Icdloie. , 
 
 PRELPilATION, S. [tnzillhtus, Lat.] a 
 ta(fe bctorehand. 
 
 PRELI'MIN.-^RY, Adj. [p>c!i>r:!»:cre. Fr.] 
 p)-."vious or introdudlory. 
 
 PaELI'MINARY, S. fomething by way 
 of introduttion. 
 
 IRt'LUO:, S. [Fr.] fome (hort flight 
 of mulick played before a full concert. Some 
 thing introdudorv or ihcwlng what is to 
 fcllow. 
 
 PRE 
 
 To PRELU'DE, V. N. ffnUcr, Tr-prae- 
 /ai/3, Lat.] to ferve as an introduction ; to bo 
 previous to. 
 
 PREMATU'RE, Adj. Ipvcmature, Fr. 
 /^nirmaturus, Lat.] ripe too foon. Formed 
 too foon or too haftily. 
 
 P/hMAIU'RELY, Adv. [from prtma. 
 ta>e] too early ; too foon j with too hady 
 ripcncfs 
 
 FR EMATU'RENESS, PREMATL'RI- 
 ry, S. [from prfmatun\ too great haftc ; 
 unfeafoii'ble e.nlinefs. 
 
 To PRt-ME'DrrATE, V. A. [premedttcr, 
 Vr. pracntcditatui, Lat.j to contrive, form, or 
 think of beforehand. 
 
 PREMEDITa'TION, S. the ad of think- 
 ng on, (jr contriving beforehand. 
 
 Jo PR KME'RIf, V. A. [pracir.crcor, Lat.] 
 to deferve before. 
 
 PRE'xMIER, Adi. [Fr.] firft or chief, 
 loPf.E'MI.SE, V. A. [/.rjt-wi/i/i, Lat ] 
 expLin or lay down beforehand. 
 
 PREMISES, S. \pracmilJa, Lat,] propo- 
 fiiions, fuppofed, laid down, or proved be- 
 fore. In law, houfcs, lands, or places men- 
 tioned before. 
 
 PRE'MiLM, S. [Lat.] foiriething given 
 ta induce, to bind or make a bargain. 
 
 To PREMO'NISH, V. A. to warn before. 
 PREMONTTIOM, S. i^ramcr;Vw, Lat.j 
 a notice or warning given belbrehand. 
 
 PREAlONi'TORY, S. ffroui p,a, and 
 i):cnto, I-at.] previouflv advifing. 
 
 To PKEMO'Ni'IRATE, V, A, [praf, 
 and moijli-o, Lat.] to fliOw betorehand. 
 
 PR MUNPKE, S. [Lat. in common dif- 
 courfe accented on the firit fyllablcj a writ, 
 whereby a penalty is incurred for breaking 
 fome (tatute. A penalty incurred. Adilb- 
 culty or diltref-t. 
 
 PREMUNl'TION', S. [from fracmunb^ 
 Lat.j an anticipation of objcdfion. 
 
 To PRENO'MXNATE, V. A. [pracmmi- 
 no, L^t 1 to forename. 
 
 PRENOIMlNATiONT, S. [pra, and «o- 
 wbrj, Lat.j the privilege of being named firlt. 
 PRENO'TION, S. fore-knowjedge. A 
 prejudice or pre-conception. 
 
 i'RE'NTICE, S. contraacd from ap- 
 ^reniicc- 
 
 PRENUNCIA'TION, S.[/>»w««nric, Lat.] , 
 the act of telling before. 
 
 PRiO'i CUPANCY, S. [from pnoccu- 
 pi7it'\ the act of taking poflciTioa before ano- 
 ther. 
 
 To PREO'CCUPATF, V. A. [pnoccu- 
 per, Fr, praeocaipatii^, Lat.] to anticipate, or 
 prevent. To prepoflels or prejudice. 
 
 To PREO'CCLP^/, V. A. to prepofTefs ; 
 'O ocv-'upy by anticipation or prejudice. 
 
 To PKE'OiVllNATE, V. A. [prae, and 
 ominor , L^it.] to prognofticalc ; to gather 
 f.om omens any future event, 
 
 PA E'OPINION, S. \prae, and cplmo, Laf. 
 j opinion anttctdcntly formed j prepoflefTion. 
 I To
 
 PRE 
 
 To PREORDA'IN, V. A. to ordain or de- 
 
 ■Crec beforehand. 
 
 PRF:0'RDINANCE, S.- [prae, and c>-Ji- 
 ft'Tiice] anteceJciit di-Cree ; firft decree. 
 
 PREORDINATION, S. [from freor- 
 Jain] the -.iiX ot" preordaining. 
 
 PREPARATION, S. [/>r«^^;Y2to, Lat.] 
 the aft of making any thing fit for any pur- 
 pofc beforehand. Meafui-es taken beforeliand. 
 A certmonioLis introdu(ftion. In medicine, 
 any thing m.^dc by gradual labour. 
 
 PREPA'RATIVE, S. that which fits be- 
 forehand, or is done as means for fomething 
 elfe. 
 
 PREP.VRATIVE, Adj. \p>cpayfltif,'er.'] 
 having the pi)wer of qualifying or fitting. 
 
 PREPARA'TORY, Adj. \prcf,aratoire, 
 Fr.] ncceiliry before. Introductory to. 
 
 To PRL'PARR, V. A. [prepare; Fr. 
 fraparo. L-it.] to fit, qualify, adjuftor make 
 ready beforeliand, for any purpofe. In me- 
 dicine, to make by a regulir procefs. 
 
 PRSPEN'SE, PRE'PENSED, [pr^rpenfus, 
 Lat ] weighed, contrived, or intended before- 
 hand. 
 
 To PREPO'NDER, V. A. [from pre- 
 pondcrate\ to oiitueigli. 
 
 PKEHO'NDtRANCE, PREPO'NDE- 
 RANC\^, S. [fee Preponderate] the 
 (late of being more heavy, or of greater ex- 
 cellence, influence, and importance. 
 
 To PREPONDERATE, V. N. \prapon- 
 dcratm, Lat.] to exceed in weight, iniiuence, 
 power or importance. 
 
 PREPONi:>ERA'TrON, S. the ad or 
 ftate of exceeding in weight, power, or infjn- 
 £nce. 
 
 ToPREPO'SE, V, A. [frcpcfir, Fr.] to 
 put before. 
 
 PREPOSI'TION, S. [prcpoJJuo>i, Yv. pra- 
 pofitio, Lat.] in grammar a particle govern- 
 in i» a cafe. 
 
 ■pREPO'SITOR, S. ^pro'pofior, Lat.j a 
 fcholar appointed by the mailer to overlook 
 the reft. 
 
 ToPREPOSSE'SS, V.A. To fill with an 
 opinion before examination. To pre'iudicc. 
 
 PRtPOSSK'SS]ON,S. firflpoirtrfion. An 
 ep'nion conceived beforcexamination. 
 
 PREPOV I ERO'JS, Adj. [prcpofrerus, 
 Lat.] having that firft which fliouid be lalt ., 
 abfu'd, perverted, wront;. 
 
 PREPO'STEROUSNES^^, S. [from ;>r<,'- 
 po/L-rous] abAn\iity ; wrong order or method. 
 
 PRE'POTENCY, S. [fr^potentia, Lat,] 
 fuperior power ; predominance. 
 
 PREEU'CE, S. \pracpumw, Lat.] the flun 
 vtiich covers tlie glands. 
 
 To PRR'RECHTRE, V.A. [jC/vf, and re- 
 ^uhc] to demand previoully. 
 
 J'RE-RE'QtMSlTE, ^dv. [pro-, and rf- 
 5'f.-''7/i'| fomL-thiui' previoully neceflary. 
 
 PRI'RO'G ATIVE, S. [Fr.] an exclufive 
 .or peculiar privilege. 
 
 PRE^A'GE, is, [Yr.praejagium, Lat,] f 
 
 PRE 
 
 token by which fomething future may Le 
 known. That Rate of the mind in which it 
 has a foreknowledge of fomething future. 
 
 To PRESA'GE, V. .\.[prjfager, Fr prae^ 
 /agio, Lat, • to forebode, or foreknow ; fome- 
 times ufed with of. To foretoken or Ihow 
 before. 
 
 PRESA'GEMENT, S. [prffagSum, Lat.J 
 forebodement, foretoken. 
 
 PRE'iiBYTEPv., S. iFr.TrfsaSvTBp®-, Gr.] 
 a pried. One that holds ordination only by 
 priefts or elders. 
 
 PRESBYTE'RIAN, S. a perfon who re. 
 jefts cpifcopacy, and holds no fubordination 
 in the miniftry. 
 
 PRE'SBYTERY, S. a bodv of elders. 
 
 PRE'SCIENCE, S. the knowledge of things 
 or events before they happen, 
 
 PRE'SCIENT, Adj. prophetic. Knowing 
 events before they huppen, 
 
 PRE'SCIOUS, Adj. [praefdus, Lat.] ha- 
 ving foreknowledge. 
 
 To PRESCI'ND, V. A, [praejclndo, Lat.] 
 to cut off; to abftraft, 
 
 PRESCI'NDEN P, Adj. \pr<iejd«dcns,l.^t.} 
 abftrafting. 
 
 To PRESCR1'-3E, V.A. [praefu-lbo, Lat.] 
 fo fet down, difcorrc(!l or command. To 
 write a receipt for a perfon that is fick. 
 
 _ FRESCRI'PT, Adj. [praefcriptui, Lat.] 
 direfled or laid down by way of precept. 
 
 PRESCRI'PT, S. a diredion or model 
 laid down. 
 
 PRESCRI'PTION, S. [Fr. praefniptio, 
 Lat.] rules produced and authorifcd by long 
 cuftom. A receipt in medicine. 
 
 PRE'SEANCE, S. [prcfiarce,Yt.} priority 
 of place in fitting. 
 
 PRESENCE, S. (Fr.jfcwyiwitf, Lat.] the 
 aft or ftate of being in the fame place wjtii 
 another, or in the view of a fuperior. Port, 
 --iir, or mien, Readinefs on any emergence. 
 The perfon of a fuperior. 
 
 PRE'SENCE-CHAMBER. PRESENCE- 
 ROOM, S. \_preftt!ce, and chamber, ov room\ 
 the room in which a great perfon receives 
 company. 
 
 PRE->E'NSTON, S. [ pra-finJIs, Lat,] per- 
 ception beforehand. 
 
 PRE'SENT, Adj. [Fr./.ra./^«.r, Lat.] ill 
 the fame place ; face to face ; at tiie fame 
 time, or the time which is now. Ready ort 
 occafion. Unforgotten. The pre/cut is ufcd 
 elliptically fortheprefent time, or the time now 
 exifting. At prejcnt, now ; or the picfent time, 
 from a prefctit, Fr. 
 
 PRE'SENT, S. [Fr.] a gift, or fomething 
 given which a perfon could not claim. In the 
 plural, ufed for a letter, certificate, or man- 
 date. 
 
 To PRE'SENT, V.A, [prcjcnter, Fr.] 
 to place ill the prefenceof, or introduced to a 
 fuperior. To offer or exhibit. To give in a 
 ceremonious manner, ufed with to before the 
 perftiijor ivitb before the thing. To prefer 
 
 t«
 
 PRE 
 
 PRE 
 
 to an ecclefnrtical benefice. To 1 ly before 
 a court of judicature as Something dcfervin^ 
 thfir notice. 
 
 PRESENT A'NEOUS, Adj. \prucjcntancus, 
 Lat.] quick ; ready ; immediate. 
 
 PRESENTA'TIOM, S. [Fr.] the acT of 
 giving ■. the aft of cuiiftrring a church living. 
 A benefice. 
 
 PRESENTE'K, S. oneprefcnted to a be- 
 ueficc. 
 
 PRESE'NTIAL, Adj. [from /•/-r/t.w] fup- 
 pofing a<f\ual prefence. 
 
 PRESENTI-\'LirY, S. [itom prefenlial] 
 ftate of being orefcnt. 
 
 To PRESE'M riATE, V. A. ffrom frc- 
 feKt] to make prefent. 
 
 PRESENTl'FICK, Adj. [pyaefcn:, and/.-- 
 ch. Lat.] making piiTv-nt. 
 - PRESENTl'rJCKLY, Adv. ffrom ^r^/a/- 
 t'tjick'] in fuch a manner a5 to make prefcDt. 
 
 PRE'SENFLY, Adv. without dslay. Soon. 
 
 PilESENTMENT, S. the acl of prefent- 
 ino. Any thing txhibitcd. In law, a de- 
 claration or report madi !)y the juror-.i or other 'juggling treks, 
 officers, of an otitnce in^uirabie in the court PR'VSTO, In 
 
 PP.E'SSEED, S. a bed fo contrived as 
 to be Ihut up in a cafe. 
 
 PRE'SSGANG, S. a crew which forces 
 men into navsl fervice. 
 
 PRE'SSINGLY, Adv. in an importunate 
 manner. 
 
 PRE'SSION, S. the aft of fome mo\»- 
 ing power, exerted with force on another 
 body. 
 
 FRE'SSITANT, Adj. gravitating ; heavy. 
 
 I ."^E'SSM.AN, S. one who foices another 
 into naval fervice. One who works at the 
 piintiiig-prcTs.. 
 
 PRI'VSSLRE, S. the a<!^ ef Hjueezing or 
 operat-in;^ upon by weight and force. The 
 ftate of being prefled. Force or weight aft- 
 ing upon any tiling. Violence, oppreflioii, 
 ufHifiion, or diftrefs. 
 
 PREST, Adj. ready; neat; tight. 
 
 PRESr, S. [Fr.]a ioan. 
 
 PRESTIGA'TION, S. [Lat.] ajuggling; 
 a deceiving. 
 
 PRK'sriGES, S. [Lat.] impodurcs ; 
 
 to which it i.-i prciliiued. 
 
 i'RESERVA'TIO^f, S. the aft of keeping 
 fjfe, or from de(lrn(ftion. 
 
 PRESE'RVAllVE, S. [prefa-vatlf, Fr.] 
 that which has the power of keeping fafe, or] without obtaining leave 
 
 3rj. [Ital.] quick J at once. 
 
 from impairing or d^ftruclion. 
 
 PRESE'RVii, S. [from the verb] fruit 
 piefcrved whole in fiigar. 
 
 ToPRESE'RVE, V. A. \p-tfci-'uer, Fr. 
 from pra, and fcyv:, Lat.] to keep from 
 danger, corruption ordeflruciion. 
 
 PK-tSE'RVER, S. f from /j/v^tr-w] one who 
 rreferves ; one who keeps from ruin or mif- 
 chief. He who makes pieferves of fruit. 
 
 To PRESI'DE, V. N. Iprefidei; Fr. p'y7c- 
 fidco, Lat. j to be fet, or have authority over. 
 Ijred with over. 
 
 ■ PRESPDENCY, S. fuperintendence, au- 
 thority, or command. 
 
 PRL'SIDENT, S. [Tv. ptaef.dens, Lat.] 
 one having authority or command ov.-'r o- 
 thers. 
 
 PRE'SIDENTSHIP, S. the (late or condi- 
 tion refaperfon v.fiohas authority overothcrs. 
 PRESI'DIAL, Adj. \ixom praefidium, Lat.j 
 belonging to a garrifbn. 
 
 To PRE'SS, V. A. [prefflr, Yu pyrjus, 
 Lat.] to ftjueeze or cnifh by weigiu or force. 
 To connrain or aff'tft ftrongly. To make 
 earned. To force into military fervice, con- 
 trafted from vvprcfs. Neuterly, lo acT: with 
 force. To diftrefs. To go forward toward.<i 
 an objeft, notwith (landing obftacies. To 
 urge with vehemence or importunity. To 
 crowd. 
 
 PRESS, S. Iprejlir, Fr.] an inftrument 
 made to fqueeze or prefs any thing very clofe. 
 A crowd or throng. A wooden cafe for 
 
 Ufed l)y jugglers. 
 
 To PRESU'ME, V. A. \pr-Jumer, Fr, 
 
 pi-a<;fuf.':o, Lat ] to Uippofe, beliive, cr take 
 
 for truth before examination. To ventuie 
 
 To form confident 
 
 To make confident 
 
 and arrogant opinions. 
 or arrogant attempts. 
 
 PREsU'iVIPTI N, S. \prcfumptton, Fr.] 
 a fuppofition or opinion formed before exa- 
 mination. A ftrong, though not demonftra- 
 tive argument. Arrogance, unreafonable con- 
 fidence or arro<;ance. 
 
 PRESUMPTIVE, Adj. \picfoi!ipin>e,Y{.] 
 formed upon previous fuppofitions. Suppofed. 
 Too confident or arrogant. 
 
 PRESU'iMPTUOUS, Adj. [ prefumptucux, 
 prijcrrpt:(e::>r, Fr.] depending unrcafonably on 
 the favour of another. Arrogant. Irreverent 
 with refpeft to divine things. 
 
 PRESC'.VIPTUOUSLY, Adv. in an arro- 
 gant, confident, or too daring manner. 
 
 PRESUPPOSAL, S, fuppofal previoufly 
 formed. 
 
 To PRESUPPO'SE, V. A, [pr:fuppofcr, 
 Fr,] to fuppofe before. 
 
 PRESLPPOSPTION, S. a fuppofition 
 previouflv formed. 
 
 PRESURMl'SE, S. a furmife previoufly 
 formed. 
 
 PRETE'NCE, S, [praetcnjut, Lat.] a 
 falfe argument grounded on vain poftulates. 
 The aifl of fhowing or alledging what is real. 
 Claim to notice. Claim true or falfe. Some- 
 thing held out to terrify. 
 
 To PRETE'ND, V. A. [preteT:d,e, Fr. 
 practendo, Lat ] to holdout or flretch forward. 
 To make an appearance inconfiftent with re- 
 ality, m.erely to gain fome end. Neuteriy, 
 
 cloaths. A commillion for forcing men into to put in a claim. To prefume on ability \ 
 military fa vice, to attempt. 
 
 3 I PRP*
 
 PRE 
 
 PRETE'NDER, S one who lays claim to 
 ,r.y thing without reafon or ability. 
 
 FRS'TENSiON, S. a claim. A fictitious 
 Iiow or appearance. 
 
 PRE'TER, a particle which is often pre- 
 '■\ei to words derived from the Latin/nzrfo-, 
 .id fignifies befide. In gramniar, a tenfe 
 .hich lignifies that a thing is paff. 
 
 I'REl ERIMPE'KFECT, Adj. in gram- 
 jr.ar, applied to a tcnfe, which fignifies that 
 a ihino is partly part ;ind partly prefect. 
 
 PRE'TERITE, Adj. [fntok, Fr. frae- 
 tu-lu!, Lat.] paiE 
 
 PRETERI' nON, S. [Fr.] the aft of go- 
 ing pad, or the ftate of being part. 
 
 PRE'TERITNESS, S. [from/>,v/'fr/V] ftate 
 of being pa(l ; not prcfence ; rot futurity. 
 
 PRETERLA'PSED, Adj. [praeterhffus, 
 Lat.] part and gone. 
 
 PRETERLE'CAL, Adj. f^sr^.Vr, and .V- 
 gal] not agreeable to law. 
 
 PRETERMISSION, S. [frcterwijion, Fr. 
 fraetermiffo, Lat. J thea<^ of omitting. 
 
 PRETER.Mi'SSlON, S. [Fr.] the a^ of 
 omitting. 
 
 ToPKETFRMl'T, V. A. [irae'ermltto, 
 Lat.] to pafs by. 
 
 PRETERNA'TURAL, Adj. not accord- 
 ing to the common ccurfe of nature ; irre 
 guLr. 
 
 FRETERPr'RFECr, S. [practerltum fcr- 
 fcHuiTif Lat.] In grammar, the tenfe which 
 denotes fcmcthing perftc1:ly paft ; formed in 
 the Engl-fh by prefixing tlie auxiliary verb 
 hai'e, which we borrowed from the Saxons. 
 
 PRETERPLU'PERFECT, S. [practeri- 
 turn ph^fjur.m fcrfcclum, Lat.] a tenfe which 
 is ufed to fignify that a thing was paft before 
 fome other paf' tiine : It is exprefltJ in Efig- 
 lifh by the auxili.i.y verb had. 
 
 PRETE'XT, S. Iprctcxfus, Lat. fretexte, 
 Fr.] a falje appearance, cxcufe or allega- 
 tion. 
 _ PRETIO'STTY, S. [pretlof.ta,, Lat.] pre- 
 cioufnefs ; being valuable. 
 
 PRE'lOR, S. \ praetor, Lat.] a Roman 
 judge, ufed at prefc-nt for a mayor. 
 
 PRETO'RIAN, Adj. belongingto theprc- 
 tor. 
 
 PRE'TTII.Y. Adj. in fuchamanner as to 
 raife an idea of (kill or jieatnefs. 
 
 PRE''FT1NESS, S. [from /rtv/yjthe qua- 
 lity of exciting an ide.i of ncatnefs and fym- 
 metry, but not of perfect beautv. 
 
 PRE'TTY, Adj. \prctto,llA.] neat; ele- 
 gant; pleafingwith neatncfs ; handfomc, but 
 not beautiful. 
 
 PRETTY, Adv. in foqic degree. 
 _ PREVA'ILING, Adj. predominant; hav- 
 ing moft influence. 
 
 To PREVAI'L, V. N. [prcvaJolr, Fr.] to 
 conquer any rcfiftancc ; to have fuperior power 
 or influence, ufed vvirh en, vpon, ct-ei-, or a- 
 gaitift. To perfuade or induce by intrcaty, 
 <:"ollowed by ivlih. 
 
 P R I 
 
 PRE'VALENCE, PRE'VALENCY, S. 
 [Fr.] fuperiority of infiueuceor power. 
 
 _ PRE'VaLENT, Adj. ffrrva/ens, Lat.] 
 viftorious ; gaining fuperiority ; powerful. 
 
 To PREVA'RICATE, V. N. { prt-vari- 
 catiis, Lat.] to quibble, cavil, or (huifle 
 
 PREVARICA'TION, S. [Fr.j the ad of 
 (hii:1iling, quibbling, or cavalting. 
 
 rREVARICA'TOR, S.[Lat.J acavilleri 
 a fiuiffler. 
 
 To PREVE'NE, V. A. [pwuenh, Lat,] 
 to hinder. 
 
 PREVE'NIENT, Adj. [praci-emer.s, Lat.] 
 preceding. Preventive. 
 
 To PREVE'NT.V. A.lprre-^emus, Lat ] 
 to go before as a guide or direiflor. To anti- 
 cipate. To prepoflc.'s. To hinder, obviate, 
 or obftruift. Ncuterly, to come before the 
 time. 
 
 PREVE'NTION, S. [Fr.] theac^ of go- 
 ing before, hindering, anticipating, or pre- 
 polleiling. 
 
 PREVE'NTIONAL, Adj. [from pre-vea- 
 //;/;] tending to prevention. 
 
 PREVE'N|IVE. Adj. \fTom fr^-vent] 
 tending to hinder, Ptcfcrvative ; hinder- 
 ing ill. 
 
 PREVEN'TIVF, S. [from prci'i^t] a pre- 
 fervative ; that which prevents ; an antidote. 
 PRE'VIOUS, Adj. [fr^cvius Lat.] going 
 before ; prior. 
 
 PPvE'VIOUSLY. Adv. beforehand ; ante- 
 cedently. 
 
 PREVIOUSNESS, S. anfcccdcnce. 
 PREY, S. [prmi.'.r, Lat.] fomething feized 
 [jy violence ; fomething to be devoured ; 
 plunder. 
 
 To PREY, V. N. \p,vrda; Lat.] to feed 
 by violence. Toplunderj to rob. To cor- 
 rode ; to wafle. 
 
 PRE'YER, S. [from prr;] robber; de- 
 vourer; plunderer. 
 
 PRIAPISM, S. [f,>iapih:m:, L:it. priapifmet 
 Fr. i a preternatural ten lion. 
 
 PRICE, S. [pnx,Vr. p,-c'l-m, Lat] the 
 money at which any thing is valued, bought 
 or fold. Value. Reward. 
 
 To PRICK. V. A. {pruuvu Sax.] to 
 pierce with any thing that has a Iharp point ; 
 to nominate or name to any office by m, iking 
 a hole in paper. To fpur, goad, or impel. 
 To pain or pierce with remorfe. To make 
 acid, applied to liquors. To mark a time. 
 Neuterly, to drcfs one's felf for fliow ; to 
 come en the fpur. 
 
 PRICK, S. [/.r.'c-c..'. Sax.] a fharp pointed 
 inflrume."t. A pun£turc or hole made with a 
 fliarp pointed inflrument. A remorfe of ron- 
 fcience ; an unenfincfs in the mind, occifion- 
 cd by confcioufnefs of guilt. A fpot or mark 
 for mooting, 'i he print of a hare on ti;c 
 ground. 
 
 PRl'CKER, S. a (liarp-pointcd inftrunient 
 or awl. 
 
 PRFCKET, S. a buck in its fccond year. 
 I t-RI'CKLE,
 
 ? R I 
 
 rUT'CKLE, S. a ftnall fharp point, or 
 ■thorn of a briar. 
 
 PRl'CKLINESS, S. fulnefs of fharp 
 points. 
 
 PRI'CKLOUSE, S. a word of contempt 
 for a tavl'T. 
 
 I'Rl'CKSONG, S- a fong fet to mufic. 
 PRrCRLY, Adj. full of (harp points or 
 tliorn.s. 
 
 PRl'CKMADAM, S. a fpjccics of houfc- 
 kek. 
 
 PRI'CKPUNCH, S. a piece of tempered 
 -flcel, wish a vound point at one end, ufol to 
 juakc a r.-.und mark in cold iron. 
 
 PRIDE, S. [pry'd, Brit beauty, frytle, 
 fry re. Sax. a fweliing, fracht, Beit;.! too 
 •hisli »n opinion of one's fclf, abilities or I 
 .j-.ot;e{Iions. -Loftinefs of air. Beauty ; fplen- 
 dor or (how ; according to the Welch ori- 
 ginal. 
 
 To PRIDE, V. A. to efteem too highly, 
 .ufed with the reciprocal pronoun, and follow- 
 ed by in. 
 
 PRi'ER, S. [fee Pry.] onewholooks too 
 curiouOy or narrowly into things. 
 
 PRIES r,S. \frccf,. Sax. prefi, Fr. p>e- 
 fiiiy. 111 1 one that is intruded with the cure 
 of fouls, and is in dignity above a deacon. 
 
 PRIE'STCRAFT, S. pious frauds, or 
 ■frauds praftifed by priefts to keep the laity in 
 lubitft'on, and enrich themfelves. 
 
 PR1E'ST?LSS, S. a woman who officiated 
 Li the heathen temples. 
 
 PRIE'STHOOD, S. the office or dignity 
 4>f a prieft. 
 
 PRIE'STLI'NESS, S. the appearance or 
 manner of a pf.eft. 
 
 PRIE'STLY, Adj. belonging to or be- 
 coming a piiel> 
 
 PRlE'SfRlDDEN, Adj, made a tool of 
 hy piieftf. 
 
 To PRIEVE, ufed hy Spcnrer for f)ro-ve. 
 I'RIG, S. a conceited, faucy, or pert 
 perfon. 
 " PRILL, S. a birt ortnrbot. 
 
 PRIM, Adj. f con traced from frimtiw] 
 precife ; formal; affectt-dly nice. 
 
 To PRIM, V. A. [from the adjeftive] to 
 deck up preciftly ; to form to an aiTlcied 
 
 *.icetv. 
 
 PRI'MACY, S. Sfr\n:ac]e,ptmace, Fr. p>i- 
 ■tniitu^, Lat.l the ligheft poOin the church. 
 
 PR1'M.\C}K, S. the freight of a (hip. 
 
 PRl'M.''kRlLY, Adv. originally in its firfl ; 
 ^iitention. In the firft pkce. I 
 
 PRI'MARINESS, S. the flatc of being 
 
 fiilt. I 
 
 PRI'MARY, Adj. [frimar'.us, Lat.Jfirft; 
 original ; chief. 
 
 PilI'VIATl', S. \prirrat, Yx.fimas, Lat.] 
 the hipheft among the clerpy. 
 
 PRIME.'.S, [ p>:r>:i:s, Lat.J The firft or heft 
 •part. Youth, applied to human life. The 
 hcioht of perfection. The firft crinonlcd 
 hour. The firft part of any ftatc. In fcnc- 
 
 P R I 
 
 ing, the attitude immediately after firfl draw 
 ing the fword. 
 
 I'RIME, Adj. early. Principal ; chief; 
 firf>. Extllcnt. Bed. 
 
 PRl'MRLY, Adj. originally; primarily; 
 in the firft place j excellently ; fupremely 
 well. 
 
 PRI'MFNESS, S. the ftate of being firfl. 
 Excellence. 
 
 To PRIME, V. A. to put in the firfl pow- 
 der, or to put powder into the pan of a gun. 
 In painting, to lay the firfl colours, from fri- 
 iKc-, Fr. to begin. 
 
 ]>RIMtR, S, [primariui Lat.l a fmail 
 prjyer book, containing the alphabet, cafe- 
 chifm, &c. in wliich children were firfl taught 
 to read. In printing, a particular kind of 
 type, divided into long and great, fo c.illed ' 
 bccaufe primers were formerly printed with it. 
 Theiong primer is that in which this line is 
 compofed. 
 
 Beauty's a flower that foon decays. 
 
 The great primer is that which follows,: 
 
 Great Primer. 
 
 PRIME'RO, S. rSpan.I a game at card?. 
 PRIMEVAL, PRIME'VOUS, Adj. [pri- 
 macuus, f at.] original. 
 
 PRIMI'TIAL, Adj. [priiKit'ius, primitM, 
 Lat.] being one of the .firft produ£ti ns. 
 
 PRI'iUITIVE, Adj. [prim't'f, Fr. primi- 
 t'-vus, Lat.) ancient ; original j cilablilhed at 
 firft. Formal, or affecting the gravity of old 
 times ; primary, op;?ofed to dcri-vstlve. 
 
 PRIMITIVELY, Adv. \iiom primlti-v-l 
 originally i at fiifl. Primarily ; -not dciiva- 
 f.ively. According to the original rule. 
 
 PRI'MirivENESS, S. [ixom primlti-ue'] 
 flate of being original ; anti(juity ; conform- 
 incr to antiquity. 
 
 'PR I'M NESS, S. affeifkd mcenefs, or for- 
 nialilv. 
 
 HRIMOGE'NIAI., Adj. [^ri»o^Mwj, Lat. 
 and fliould thcrcfoie he i^e\x. pr'nr.igehia!] firfl- 
 bqrn ; original ; conflituent. 
 
 FRLViOGE'NITURE. S, [Fr.] the flate 
 of being born before others. 
 
 PRIMO'BDIAL, Adj. [Fr.] original; cx- 
 ifling from the beginning. 
 
 PRIMO'RDIAL, S. [from the adjcaivej 
 fii fl principle ; origin. 
 
 PRl'MROSE, S. \j,rhnt<la i-rWs Lat.l a 
 plant fo called jfrom its blowing c^.riy in ih. 
 year. 
 
 PRINCE, S. [Fr. prlnn-ps, Lat.] a fovc- 
 reign or chief ruler. A fovcrcign next in 
 rank to a king. The fon of a king. Tie 
 chief of any lody of men. 
 
 PRl'.^'CEDOM, S. the rank, eflate, cr 
 power of a prince. 
 
 PRI'NCELY, Adj. having the appearance 
 of a pcrfon of noble '.)irth ; ot the rank of a 
 princs. Beco.ming a prince..
 
 P R t 
 
 P R I 
 
 PRTNCESS, S Iprince/Jc, Fr.j a lady bav- difchargeJ tins tuifl witli paternal tenJernefs, 
 
 in;j fovereion command. A King's daughter 
 
 PRl'NCtPAL, Adj. [¥r.pnniipa!}s,Lat.] 
 ciiief; ofthefirfi; rate; eflcntial. 
 
 FRI'NCIPAL, S. a head ; chief; one oii 
 finally engaged, oppofcd to auxiliaries. A funi 
 placed out at intereft. A prefident or go- 
 vernor. 
 
 rRINCIFA'LITY, .''. [pnncipaute, Fr.] 
 fupreme power. A prince. The country 
 Mvhich gives title to a prince. ' Figuratively, 
 fuperiority or pre-eminence. In the plural, 
 among the divines, one of the orders of the 
 angels. 
 
 PRI'NCIPALLY, Adv. above all others ; 
 chieHy. 
 
 PRINCIPIA'TION, S. \prwculum, Lat.J 
 analyfis into condituent or elementary parts. 
 
 PRINCIPLE, S [prlncipium, Lat. prin- 
 (ipe, Fr.] thecaule, fource, or origin. J hat 
 which denotes a thing to be '.vliat it is. In 
 phyfics, that which contributes to the eiTence 
 of the body. In chenndry, t'le fir(t and Hm- 
 plell parts whereof natural bodies are com- 
 pounded, and into whicii they are reiolved by 
 fire. A fundamental tri>th from which others 
 are deduced. The ground or motive of action. 
 A tenet or polition on which morality is 
 founded. 
 
 To PRI'NCIPLE, V. A. to eftabliHi, Sk, 
 or inculcate any tenet or opinion, as a (bnnd- 
 ard in a perfons mind. 
 
 To PRINK. V. N. [hom pro!ih:f,, Belg.] 
 to prank or deck in a gaudy manner. 
 
 To PRINT, V. A. [written ;r67;f, in the 
 
 and at a proper age fent him to Weftminlltr 
 fchool, I nder the care of Dr. Bufby ; where 
 he loon diOinguifhed himfclf above his former 
 fchool-fellowa. But he whs too foon t.ikcn 
 home by his uncle, to breed him to his own 
 bufinefs. He (bill found time to indulge the 
 bent of his indinatiofl to cludical learnin'T; iti 
 which Horace was the author th.,t ftruck his 
 fancy mod. He was foon taken notice of by 
 lome polite company thiit iifed his uncle's 
 lioufe ; among uliom was (he cail of Dor- 
 kt ; who !)eing there one day ni'h .^cv?ral o- 
 rlier gentlemen of r.:nk, the di;'courfe hajr. 
 pened to turn upon a pailage in an ode bfWo-. 
 race, and the company bein'^ divided in their 
 ientiments, one of the gentlemen fiid, there- 
 is, if I am not mifhiken, a young fJIow \n 
 the houfe, who is able to fet us ri^ht ; and 
 naming Matt. Prior, he was immediaiely f.nr 
 tor ; and being defired to give his opinion -of 
 Horace's meaning on the ode under debate 
 he did it wiih fuch an ingenious modclty* 
 and fo miwh to the f^tisfaAion of the com- 
 pany, that tlie J-:ari of Dorfet, from that mo- 
 ment, determined to remove him from the 
 bufinefs of a tavern into a way of life for 
 which he was fo auuiirably qualified: and, 
 accordingly, procured him' to be fent to St! 
 John's college in Cambridge, where he very 
 gcneroufly helped to fupport him in a hand- 
 fome manner. He was admitted 1682, ani 
 proceeding A. B. ibg6, was fhortly after 
 chofen a fellow of the coll.,-ee. During his 
 refidence there, he contradted an intimacy 
 
 North iiQmprtnta,\i\.cmtrelr.t,Yi- JTomakcjwith Charles Montat;ue, of Trinity -col le"' 
 a mark by prefTing one thing on another. To 1 in the fame univerfity ; ;md Mr Dryden hav- 
 prcfs, fo as to leave its form. Toformby'ing publifhcd this 3ear, his poem, called 
 " - ^ - ' ■'" -■ ' tile Hind and Panther, Prior joined with 
 
 Mr. Montague in writing the Hind and Pan- 
 ther Traverfcd, to tiie ftory of the Country 
 Moufe and the City Moufc, publifhed 1687. 
 The next year Mr. Prior wrote his Ode upon 
 the neceflaiy exiftence of the Deity, for ati 
 exercife at the college. He was now become 
 the admirntion and delight of Cair.brid'jc ; 
 but however could not think of fpendingliis 
 life in that una(f>ive retreat. Hjvin<; iomc 
 
 preflure. To take otfany fsntence, letter, or 
 the works of any author from types in aprefs. 
 Neuterly, to print a bo.)k. 
 
 PRINT, S. a nurk or form made bv pref- 
 fure. Pi<ffures taken by imprefHon from wood 
 or copper. The form, fize, or arrangement 
 of types ufed in printing books. A formal me- 
 thod or manner. 
 
 PRI'N TKR, S. a perfon who compofes, 
 or takes imprefTions from type?, or from en- 
 
 graved plates, by means of aprefs and ink. | friends at court, he went to London^^ ifi^ig 
 t)nethat takes off imprefTions trom plates, or | and immediately applied to his friend' Fleet- 
 
 wood on linen 
 
 PRPNTLESS, S. having no mark or Im- 
 prefHon. 
 
 PRl'OR, S. Adj. [Lat.] before fomething 
 in time or order. 
 
 PRl'OR, S. [prkur, Fr.] the hcadof acon- 
 Vrnt, ne.xt in dignity to an abbot. 
 
 PRl'OR, [Matthew] celebrated for the 
 cafy humour and elegant talle of his poetical 
 writings ; his father Mr. George Prior, was 
 a reputable citizen and joiner, in London, 
 where Matthew was born, July 21, 1664. 
 Our author was very young when his father 
 <lied, and o'as committed by him to the care of 
 
 wood Shepherd, Kf>j; with an addrcf< that 
 was drawn up peculiar to himfelf, and iire- 
 fiflibly engaging. Accordingly, at the foli- 
 citation of that gentleman, he was introduced 
 by the Earl of Dorfet, to the court ; and, 
 ibgo, their majeliit-s appointed him fecretary 
 on the part of the Kngiilh, in the congrefs at 
 the H.'gue; the Karls of Pembroke and Port- 
 land, together with the Lord Durllcy, (after- 
 wards earl of Berkley) being amhiitll'.ors and 
 plenipotentiaries. As this was an almofl 
 unexampled fplendid aflcnibly, in which loo 
 an affair of the lall importance was under 
 confideration, it gave Mr. Prior an oppor- 
 
 LikbrotJier, a vintner at Charing-crofs, whol tuiiity of exertiuy ail liis talent* tor bufinefs.
 
 P R I 
 
 and he acquitted himfclf tterein, fo much 
 to the fucist-iftion of his royal mailer, that, 
 in the refokuion to keep him near his perfon, 
 he appointed him a j^entleinan of his bed- 
 chamber, i his fitiuition giving him ieifure 
 to indulge his genius, he coiiipofed feveral 
 fmall pieces of poetry, and gladly embraced 
 every occalion, that uie events of the ^var of- 
 fered, of making his poeticjl talents fci vice- 
 able to the honour of his country. Upon 
 the tii-ft refokuion moved towards fettling a 
 peac^j .'6g6, he was again employed in tr.e 
 
 P R I 
 
 port of lord chamberlain this year, our unJcr- 
 fecrctary's place became void; btit it was not 
 long before he obtained another I I;e fame year, 
 which was more agreeable to liis humour; 
 for upon Mr. Lock's religning his fc.it at 
 the board of trade, on accouiil of bis ill (fate 
 of health, Mr. Prior was appointed to fuc- 
 ceed him, and was ele<fkd a reprefentative 
 for Ea(l-Grin(lead, in Sullex, in the new 
 parliament, which met in Feliruarv, 1700-1, 
 'AJicrc he voted for impeaching the feveral 
 1 rJs charged with advifmg the partition 
 
 poft of fecrecarv to the Englilh negociations, treaty. Upon queen .Anne's acctflion to the 
 at the treaty Oi Kvfwick, 1697, having been throne, a v\ar breakingout again witii France, 
 
 Dominated thie fame year principal fecretary 
 of rtatc in Ireland: In :6c)S, he went fecre- 
 
 tary t3 the embaiTy to Jrr.mcc, 
 
 vhich 
 polt he contmued during the fuccellivs em- 
 l)afTi:s of the two carls of Portland and Jer- 
 fey ; he had not been long in France, when 
 one -i rhc • •'^cers of the French king's 
 houiiijiil, 1! . ..u him the royal ap::rtments 
 and curioii.. of Verfailles, pointed io a par- 
 ticu'i'.r mi. ner to the viflories of Lewis 
 XI'-'. painted by Le Erun; and alking, 
 *' V\'h;'iiier king William's adiions were to 
 *« l;t -en aifo in his palace ?" " No, Sir, 
 *' ( fvvered the Engilh fecretary) the monu- 
 *' n.;fnts of my mafter's adlions are to be fcen 
 ** every where but in his own lioufe." i^e 
 did not leave Paris till fome time alter the 
 
 our author, conftantly zeaiousin his coantry's 
 caufc, exerted again his poetical talents in her 
 honour; firll, in that inimitable letter of hiS 
 to monlicur Rcileau Dcfpreaux, occafioncd by 
 the viflory at Blenheim, 1 704 ; and again, in 
 his Ode, humblj infcribed to the queen, on 
 the glorious fuccels ot her majelly's arms, 
 17CO. But as foon as he thought the general 
 was too much influenced by private views to 
 proiorg the war, he honeftiy concurred with 
 ;he inclination of his f vereign for peace; 
 and, 1710. he joined with ibme of tiie bright- 
 elf wits in the nation in writing the Examiner; 
 uheie that part of t];e general's conduft was 
 leverely handled. In 1711, when the queen 
 determined to tre.it with France, Ihe pitched 
 upon Mr. I'rior to carry her demands toward 
 
 arrival of the third ambaflador there from a pacification ; for which purjwfe he was ap- 
 Eng'and, the earl of Manchei'ler, to whom 1 pointed her majelly's miniiier pit-nipotentiary 
 he was of fingiilar fervice. For thot. gh the | to th.it C(?urt j having been made one of the 
 powers of his royal commiffion wfre now commiCioneis of the cuftoms a little before, 
 fuperfeded, yet his perfcnal qualities had He made dU the neceflury difpatch which this 
 rendered him fo much the delight of the afi'air requir-d, and returned in a few ueeks to 
 YrcnJi monarch, that he was flill particulaily London, accompanied by the French mini.'"- 
 powerful in that court. About the middle of ter, Mr. Mefnager, who wasferniftied by his 
 
 Augufi, 1609, lie went thence to king Wil- 
 liam at Loo in Holland ; whence, after a long 
 and very particula- audience of hi> niajelty, he 
 departed with his orders by the way of the 
 Hague for England, where he rrived about 
 the middle of October, and irr mediately took 
 poflelhon of the under fecretary's feat, in the 
 office of the earl of Jerfey. Lut he had not 
 been many days in this nev.' employment, be- 
 fore he was ordered back to Paris, to aiTifl; the 
 ambafTador, with his interetl in that court, 
 upon the affur of the parnrion treaty. He 
 difpatched this bufinefs to the entire fatisfac- 
 tioii of both the fovereigns, and returned to 
 Lond(4i with the quicknefs of a courier. 
 This fame year, in Chriftmas holidays, he 
 printed his celebrated poem, called Carmen 
 SecLiiare In the midft of thcfe concerns for 
 the public welfare, an opportunity was given 
 him, in the year 1700, of teliining his du- 
 tiful regard for the reputation of the univer- 
 fity, which he fulfilled with all imaginable 
 alacrity; and that learned body, the fan'.e 
 year, with equal gladnds, executed the king's 
 mandamus, m conferring upon him the degree 
 €)f M, A. Ihe earl ci' Jei/ey accepting the 
 
 mailer with full powers to fign preliminaries; 
 and feme of the mcetinas in this negotiation 
 were held at Mr. Trior's houfe; who, by the 
 common requeft cf all the committee of the 
 privy council, iutrufted in this matter, was 
 joined with them in the commifljon to fign 
 the articles after the agreement on the part of 
 her majefly, who was likewife inclined to join 
 him with the two minifters at Utrecht, to take 
 care of commei'cial affairs ; but the high fpirit 
 of the earl or Strafford having pofitively refufed 
 to be joined in conrmilhon with a perfon of 
 fo mean an extradlion, and threatning to lay 
 down his employment, the bufinefs of trad6 
 was committed to the lord privy feal. How- 
 ever, he was fent again, on the firft of Augufir, 
 1712., to France, in order to accommodate 
 fuch matters as then remained iinfcttlcd in the 
 congrtfs at Utrecht. From the end of this 
 mouth, he had the appointments and autho- 
 rity of an ambaflador ; and though he did not 
 afiiime the public ch.;radler, till after the duke 
 of Shrewfbury's departure, yet the burthen of 
 the embafly lay upon him duiing his grace's 
 flay, who rather gave a fanftion to it, by his 
 high quality, ihaa contributed to the difpatch 
 
 of 
 
 I
 
 P R I 
 
 if she negocintions. In the latter enJ of Oc- 
 .:^ei- he was fciit to England upon an affair of 
 neat inipoitance, with a credential le'.terfiom 
 die French king to the queeii, and returned 
 ith her maje'ty's anfwer about the middle of 
 ' November. Thefe letters are remarkable prjofs 
 'i' his being in the higheft favour at both 
 • lurts i and he was continued in the pofl of 
 ;,er majefty's air.bafraJor and plenipotentiary j 
 ,i\ the Ibrmer as long as (he lived. He re- 
 mained at Paris alfo in the charafter of a 
 jniblic minifter fome months after the accef 
 f2on of king George I. at whofe appointment 
 he was fucceeded by the earl of Sraiiv who, 
 puifuant to his direftions, took poffeilion of 
 all his predecei'or's papers. The great change 
 that happened in the public management of 
 affairs at this time, occafioned Mr. Prior to 
 be detained in France, without any public 
 character ; and, upon his arrival in England, 
 on March 45, 17 15, he was immediately 
 taken up by an order of the houfe of com- 
 mons, and committed to the hands of a mef- 
 fenger. On April i, following, he under- 
 went a ftrift examination before a committee 
 of the privy-council ; and at tlie concluficn 
 of it was removed from his o\un houfe, where 
 he had continudd till then, and laid under a 
 flri<fler confinement in that of the meffenger's. 
 Upon the icth of June following, Robert 
 Walpole, Efq; (afterwards earl of Orford) 
 moved the houfe of commons for an impeach- 
 ment againft him ; and on the 17th he was 
 ordered into clofe cuflody, and no perfcn to 
 be admitted to fee him, without leave from 
 the fpeaker; and, 1717, when the a£t of 
 grace was parted, Mr. Prior, who lay (HU at 
 the mercy of the houfe of commons, was one 
 of the perfons excepted out of it. Notvvith- 
 Itanding this, he was foon afier difcharged, 
 without any further profecution, or being call- 
 ed to a trial. He wrote an account of the pro- 
 ceedings in his examination before the com- 
 mittee of council, which, together with the 
 >ll ufage he thought he had met with in the 
 fecret committee of the houfe of commons, 
 occafioned him to undertake a defence of 
 himfelf and the miniltry, in the four laft 
 years of queen Anne's reign, in anfwer to 
 the charge alledged againft them in that re- 
 port. He fpent the remainder of his days, 
 retired from bnfinefs, in the company of his 
 mufe, being fettled at Down-Hall, a fmali 
 village in the county of Eflex ; which, by 
 the generofity of Robert Harley, earl of Ox- 
 ford, he was poiTelTi^ of for his life. Hav- 
 ing finiflied his Solomon on the vanity of the 
 world, he made a cojleftion of all his poems, 
 and publiflied them by fubfcription in one 
 volume folio, with a moft elegant dedi- 
 cation to the duke of Dorfet, at a grateful 
 memorial of his father's patronage of the 
 aurhor. Some time after this, he formed a 
 iiCign of writing a hiftory of his own timo ; 
 which, «onfidcrJng the part he bore himfelf 
 
 P R I 
 
 in many national tran rations, the opportu- 
 nities he had of being well informed con- 
 ccrnino oihers, added to the extraordinary 
 talents he pofleffed of every part of fine lite- 
 rature, could hardly fail of being a very va- 
 huiLile work ; but he had made very lictlc 
 pvo'ijrefs in it, when a lingering fever, put a 
 pfnod to his work and to his life, September 
 the eighteenth, 1711, in the fifty-e'.glitk 
 year ot iiis age ; he died at Wimple, a feat 
 of the earl of Oxford, .'on to thi: lord-trea- 
 furer, not far from Cimbridge ; and Iiis 
 corpfe was interred, according to his own di- 
 refiions, in Weftminfler- Abbey, where a 
 fl.iti.ly monument is erc<f^ed to his mcniory, 
 for which lalt piece of lium;:n vanity, he ft-t 
 a-part 500 1. by his will; bcfides a hurt: of 
 himfelf, done by Coriveaiix, e>2<:]uifitciy per- 
 formed, and jbnds at the top of his monu- 
 ment; the infcription beneath being wrore 
 by Dr. Robert Friend, then head .mafter of 
 Wcilminlier-lchool. After his death, an<^ 
 tlier fmall colleftion of his nueins was pub- 
 lilhed ; and fince llmt there came out a 
 piece in 1740, entitled, The hirtory of his 
 ovi'n time, compiled from the original mnnu- 
 fcripts of his late excellency Matthew ]'rior> 
 Efq; and fome poems in a feparate volume. 
 Notwithftanding the many high pofls and u- 
 crative employments whicl) he had enjoyei 
 in the courfeof his life, he died at laft jcl- 
 low of St. John's college in Camhrid'ge, 
 which was tlie only preferment he was then 
 pofleflfd of. We have the following (lory 
 concerning this part of his condudt, that after 
 he became a minifter of ftate, he was often 
 told, that a iellovvfliip was too trifii; g an 
 affair for him to keep ; particularly when he 
 wa.^ made ambaffador, fome peifons intimated 
 to him, that the fellowOiip was baldly con- 
 fident with that ch.:ra<!ler ; but he rcpiie<S, 
 ' That every thing he had bolides was pre- 
 ' carious, and when all failed, that wniiKl 
 ' be bi-ead and cheefe, at lead, and therefore 
 ' he did not mean to refign it.' However, 
 he made amends for his humour in hi.'^ will, 
 where he left the college a i'et of books, to 
 the value of 200 1. to be chofen out of his 
 (ludy by that fociety ; as alfo his own piiifurc, 
 and another of the earl of Jerfcy. In purfu- 
 ance whereof, all the books, wliich are in 
 very magnificent bindings, are placed in the 
 college library, all together in one defk, vvliich 
 they fill, and over it is fet the benefa(fl:or's 
 piflure, done by La Belle in France; it is at 
 full length, in a fitting pofture, very riciily 
 drelTed, en embaffadcur, and finely painted ; 
 and is faid to have been a piefent to Mr. PrJor 
 by Lewis XIV. who gave the painter ico 
 pifloles for it. 
 
 PRI'ORESS, S. a lady who is thefupeHor 
 of a convent of nuns. 
 
 PP.IO'RITY, S. the flate of being before 
 in time ,r place. 
 
 PROIRY, S, a coavent next in dignity to 
 a» abbey. PRI'-
 
 P R I 
 
 tRl'SAGE, S. [prlfe, Fr.]a cuflom wl)crc- 
 ty the king challenges two tons ot wine at 
 Ms own price out of every bark leaden with 
 kis tlian forty tons of thut commodity. 
 
 PRISM, S. [Fr. -Trpia-fxa, Gr.J a glafs 
 bounded with twoequal and parallel triangular 
 ends, and three plain and we!l polifhed iides, eftecm 
 
 PR O 
 
 PR I'VY, S. a place of retirement. A rtf- 
 cefiary-houle. 
 
 PRIZE, S. ff>'ix, Fr.] a rewnrd gained by 
 conqucfh Plunder, from ^ci/ir, Fr. 
 
 To PRIZE, V. A. [h-om cj/fraifc; ajifrc-' 
 c:a:-r., Ital. pr-fer, Fr.j to rate, value, or 
 
 which meet in three paiullel lines, running 
 from the three angles of one end, to the three 
 angles of the other end 3 ufed in experiments 
 on light and colours. 
 
 PRISMA'TIC, Adj. formed like a prifm. 
 k'RISMO'ID.S. [iTfis-fxci, and £15©-, Gr.] 
 a body approaching to the form of a prifm. 
 
 PRISON, S. [Fr.] a place in which male- 
 faftors and debtors are confined. 
 
 To PRI'SON, V. A. to confinein a gaol. 
 
 PRISONER, S. a perfon confined in a 
 gaci. One taken by an enemy. One under 
 arreft. 
 
 PRI'STINE, Adj. [frijlinus, Lat.] fixd ; 
 original : former. 
 
 PRl'THEE, a familiar corruption oi pray 
 thee , for I pray flee. 
 
 PRI'VACY, S. the flate of being f.eret, 
 concealed, or hid. A retirement. Joint 
 knowledge. 
 
 PRIVA'DO, S. [Span.] a fecret friend. 
 
 PRl'VATE, Ai] [prlnjatus, Lat J fecret. 
 Without company ; alone. In no public Na- 
 tion. Particular. In private, implies, fe- 
 cretly. 
 
 PRIVATE'ER, S. a fhip fitted out by 
 private peifons againft an enemy. 
 
 ToPRl'VATEE,R, V. A. [from the 
 noun] to fit out fliips againfl enemies at the 
 charge of private perfons. 
 
 PRI'VATENESb, S. the quality of being 
 retired, fecret, or alone. 
 
 PRIVA'TION, S. [Fr. prl-vath, Lat.] 
 the af\ of deflroying fomething which has 
 had an exiflence. The abfence of what does 
 naturally belong to a th ing. The ad of de- 
 grading from an office. 
 
 PRl'VATE, Adj. [pri-uatlf, Fr. prmati- 
 t/utf Lat.] depriving or robbing a thing of 
 that which belongs to it. Confifting in the 
 abftnce of fomething ; oppofed to pofitive. 
 
 PRI'VATIVE, S. that which confjftsin 
 the abfence of fomething elfe. 
 
 PRI'VATIVENESS," S. notation of ab- 
 fence of fomething that fiiould be prefent. 
 
 PRl'VET, S. a plant. The ever-green. 
 
 PRI'VILEGE, S. [Fr. prl-uUeghm, Lat.] 
 a peculiar advantage, immunity, or right. 
 
 To PRI'VILEGE, V. A. to invelt with 
 peculiar rights or immunities. To exempt 
 fromcenfure or danger. 
 
 PRPVILY, Adv. in a fecret manner. 
 
 PRl'VITY, S. \prl'-ja:itc', Fr.] private com- 
 munication. Conlcioufnefs. In the plural, 
 the fecret parts 
 
 PRIZEF'IGHTER, S. one that fights 
 publickly for money. 
 
 PRO, [Lat.] for; in defence of. Prt 
 and ro7r\f:r and a^ahijl. 
 
 PROBABI'LITY, S. [prohaimte,Vr. pro- 
 labUitas, Lat.] the appearance of the agree- 
 ment or difagr-cment of two ideas, by the in- 
 tervention of proofs, whofe com.e^ion is not 
 conftant, but appears for the molt part to be 
 fo. 
 
 PROBA'BLE. Adj. [Yr. pr,l>ab!lh,'L^t.'] 
 capable of having better arguments brought- 
 for than againrt it, but not certain or demon- 
 llrative. 
 
 ' PRO'B.'^BLY, Adv. likely ^ in likelihood.- 
 PRO'B.'^T, S. the proof of wills in the 
 fpiritual court. 
 
 PRO'BATION, &. [Fr. prdath, Lat.} 
 proof or evidence. A ftate of trial or exami- 
 nation. A trial before being admitted to a 
 monadic life. 
 
 PROBA'TIONARY. Ad}, fcrving for 
 trial. 
 
 PROB.'^'TIONER, S. one in a flate of 
 trial. A novice. 
 
 PROBA'TORY, Ad). [/!«io, Lat] feiv- 
 ing for trial. 
 
 HROBA'TUM Est, a Latin exprelTion 
 added t© the end of a receipt, figftifying It h 
 tried or nffrot'cr! of. 
 
 PROBE, S. [frcbo, Lat.l a flender inOru- 
 ment or wire ufed in fearching the depth ol 
 wounds. 
 
 To PROBE, V. A. Ipi-oio, Lat.] to fearch 
 a wound by an in(lr\unenr. 
 
 PRO'BE-SCI.SSARS, S. fcl.Tars, which 
 have a button at thcendof oneof thtir flunks, 
 which is thru ft into a wound. 
 
 PRO'BITY, S. {trobit/, Fr. proiitat, 
 Lat.] approved honefiy, fincerity or vera- 
 city. 
 
 PRO'BLEM, S, [Fr. wp'Sxnyay Gr.] a 
 queflion propofed. 
 
 PROBLEMA'TICAL, Adj. [frcbkma- 
 tiqiie, Fr.] uncertain. Difputuble. 
 
 PROBO'SCIS, S. [Lat.] The trunk of an 
 el'phant, and applied to that part of any other 
 animal, which refcmbles it. 
 
 PRO'A'ClOUb, Adj. [precox, Lat] pe- 
 tulant ; loofe. 
 
 PRO'CACITY, S. [from frocacicus] pe- 
 tulance. 
 
 PROCATA'RCTICK. Adj. [7rpwca7«f>'.- 
 lixtc, Gr.] forerunning ; antecedent. 
 PROCE'DURK, S. [Fr.] a manner 
 
 of 
 
 PRl'VY, Adj. \prk'e, Fr] private, af- a<fling or cond.ia. Procsfs or operation. Pro- 
 figned to fecret uies. Oppofed to p^l^lic. [duce. 
 Clandeftine j fecret j conlcious. To PROCEE'D, Y. N. [frcccdcr^ ^'^'"T
 
 PRO 
 
 ctdo, Lat.] to pafs from one thing or pJace 
 to another. To go or march in halte. To 
 ilTue or arife from. To be tranfiidted. To 
 advance, or make a progiefs. To take effcft. 
 To be propaqatcd. To bt produced by an 
 original caiifc. 
 
 PROCEE'D, S. produce or profit. LTed 
 in law and conir.icrce, but not to be imi- 
 tated. 
 
 PROCEE'DING, S. [;roccdc, Fr.] pro- 
 grels from one thing or a^ion to another. 
 
 PROCE'LLOUS, Adj. [procdlojus, Lat.j 
 (tormy; tcnipcduous 
 
 PROCE'PriON, S. id of taking fome- 
 thin^ (ooner liian another. 
 
 PKOCE'RIRY, S. [proceritas, Lat.] tali- 
 riefs 
 
 PRO'CESS, S. [froccs, Yr.procejjus, Lat.] 
 a progrefsor courfc. GruJual progreis, Courfe. 
 Methodical and gradual feries. Courfe of 
 law. 
 
 PROCE'SSTON, S. [Fr. pyocejjio, Lat.] 
 a train marching in a ceremonious folemnity. 
 A cavalcade. 
 
 ' To PROCE'SSION, V. N. to march in 
 procertion or form* 
 
 PROCE'SMONTAL, Adj. \Sxom proajfion] 
 relating to proceiTion. 
 
 PRO'CHRONISM, S. [ irpox^CncrfA.^, 
 Gr.j an error in chronology; a dating a thing 
 before it happened. 
 
 PRO'CIDtNCE, S. Iprocidcnt'ia, Lat. ] 
 falling downj dependence below its natural 
 place. 
 
 PRO'CINCT, S. Iprcchiaus, Lat.] com- 
 plete preparation j preparation brought to 
 the point of acftion. 
 
 To PROCLA'iM, V. A. [pnclamer, Fr. 
 proclamo, Lat.] to denounce or publifh in a 
 folemn or legal manner. To tell openly. To 
 out-law. 
 
 PROCLAMATION', S. \Yx. prodamauo, 
 Lat.] the adl of publiihing any thing folemn- 
 ly and by authority. 
 
 PROCLAMATION, S. [ proclamath, 
 Lat.] publication by authority; a declaration 
 of the king's will openly publiOied among 
 the people 
 
 PROCLI'VITY, S. [proclhiras, Lat.] 
 tendency, natural inclination or bias. Rea- 
 dinefs. 
 
 PROCLI'VOlJS, Adj. [procU-vh, Lat,] 
 inclined ; tending by nature. 
 
 PROCO'NSUL, S. [Lat.] a Roman of- 
 ficer, who governed a province with confu- 
 lar authority. 
 
 PROCO'NSULSIIIP, S. [£tom pmonfid] 
 the olfice of a proconful. 
 
 To PROCRA'STINATE, V. A. [pro- 
 crajiiiiatui, Lat.] to dcf('r or put off from day 
 to day. Neutcrly, to be dilatory. 
 
 PROCRASTINA'TION, S. \procraJlwa- 
 t':o, Lat. J the a£l of delaying from time to 
 time. 
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO'CREANT, Adj. \procnans, Lat.] 
 pri)du<fiive, propagating. 
 
 To PRO'CREATE, V. A. [pracurjus 
 Lat. ] to generate or produce as a parent. 
 
 PROCREATION, S. [fr. procreailt\ 
 Lat.] the acft of o;eiicrating. 
 
 PROCREA'TJVE, Adj. generative r ' 
 prodiKflive. 
 
 PROCREA'TOR, S. generator, begetter. 
 
 PRO'CTOR, S. [contr;nficd from P'ocw^ 
 rutor, Lat.] a manager of anotlicr's affiir.«. 
 An attorney in a fpir tual court. A magif- 
 trate of the imiverfity. 
 
 PRO'CIORSHIP, S. the office of a 
 pro(flor. 
 
 PRO'CUMBENT, AJj. [[>yocu,rdcr.s, Lat. I 
 lyinjT nloni;; prone. 
 
 PkOCU'kAf'LE, Adj. [from p.-ccurc} 
 that uhich may be arquiied. 
 
 Pj^O'CURaCY, S. lbs n;an.igemcnt of 
 any thing. 
 
 FROCI RATION, S. [hom procure] ihs 
 2l(\ of getting or procuring 
 
 l-ROCL'RA'TOR, S. [.Lat.] manag.r 
 or oiic that tr.inl'afts bufincfs for another. 
 
 PKOCURATO'RIAL, Adj. made by a 
 pro.f^cr. 
 
 PROCURATOR Y, Adj tending to pre 
 curacion. 
 
 To PROCURE, V. A. f/^wr/r:, Lnt.] 
 procurir, Fr.] to tranfafl for another. Tff 
 obtain, to acquire by labour or thought. To 
 contrive or obtain by contrivance. To pre- 
 vail on or biirtg. Neutcrly, to aifi as a bjwj 
 or pimp. 
 
 PROCU'RER, S. one that gaif^s ; an ob- 
 tainer. A pimp ; a pander. 
 
 PROCU'REiS, 6. a female who fuppliei 
 with pioilitutes. 
 
 PROT 1 GAL, A dj \pro,ri^i,s, Lat p,vdl~i,e, 
 Fr. ] profufe, fpending to excefs. Lavilh. 
 
 PRO' JGAL, S. a peilon who fpends to 
 excefs. 
 
 PRODIG AMITY, S. [prodiaalh/, Fr.'] 
 the aft or qu^ility of Ipending to excefs. 
 
 PRODIGI'OUS, Adj. I prcJ:p;i:ux, F-. 
 predigi'jfus, Lat.] fonicthing which caufcs 
 wonder and adonifhmcnt fiom its novelty, 
 greatnefs, or being out of common courfe 
 of nature. 
 
 PRODI'GIOUSLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner as to amaze. 
 
 PRO'DIGY, S. \trcdigk, Fr. prodlgmm, 
 Lat. J any thing out of the common couric of 
 nature. Any thing which allonilhes by its 
 grcatnefs or novelty. 
 
 PRODI' HON, S. [prodiLw, Lat.] trea- 
 fon ; treachery. 
 
 PRODITO'RIOUS, Adj. [from prcdi- 
 tor, Lat. J traiterous; treacherous j perfidi- 
 ous. Apt to m;(ke difcovtries. 
 
 To PRODU'CE, V. A. {pro':uco, Lat.] to 
 offer to view or notice. To bring as an evi- 
 dence. To bear, applied to vegetables. To 
 C c c cawfe
 
 P R P 
 
 eavife or gcnentc. In mathematics, to pro- 
 loiij; or lengthen a line. 
 
 Pt<0'DUCF:, S. that which any thmg 
 yields. Amount, profit, or gain. 
 
 I'RODL CER, S. [t'loni ^rMUic] one that 
 generates or produces. 
 
 PRODU'CIBLE, Adj. [from froduu-] 
 fiich as may be exhibited. Such as may be 
 generated or made. 
 
 PRO'DUCT, S. {prodi/ftus, Lat.] fome 
 thing yielded by l.inds, vegetables, or money. 
 A work or compofuion. An eUtdt. 
 
 PRODU'CTILE, Adj. which may be 
 produced. 
 
 PRODU'CTIONT, S, [Fr.] the aft of 
 making. The thing born or yielded. A 
 compofltion. 
 
 PRODU'CTIVE, Adj. having the power 
 to cfurct or produce. 
 
 PaOEC'TKRSIS, S. [Gr ] a figure in 
 jhetoiic, whereby a perfon detends himfclf 
 or anotlier perfon as iinblameable, in an an- 
 f .ver ci ntainingthe rcaLn of what he has faid 
 or done. 
 
 PRC'EINI, S. lproe?!:e, Fr. ttjoi/^';*, Gr.] 
 a preface or introdudion. 
 
 PROEPIZEUXIS, S. [Gr.] a figure in 
 grammar, when a verb is put between two 
 nouns, which ought to he placed at the end. 
 PROFANA'TION, S. [Fr.J the ad of 
 applying any thing facred to common ufe. 
 li reverence to holy perfuns or things. 
 
 PROFA'NE, Adj. [Fr. profums, Lat.] 
 wanting in regard t»» facred ptrfoiis or things, 
 compofed by men uniiifpircd, and relpedting 
 fecular things, applied to hiltcry. Polluted. 
 Not purified by holy ri;cs. 
 
 To PROFA'NE, V. A. Ipropm, Lat. pio- 
 faner, Fr.j lo apply any thing facied to com- 
 mon ufe. To be irreverent to lacrcd perfons 
 or things. 
 
 PROFA'NELY, Adv. with irreverence to 
 facred names or thirgs. 
 
 PP.OFA'NENESS, S. want of due reve- 
 rence to things or peifons facred. 
 
 To PROFE'SS, V. A. [fnfefjlr, Yx. pro- 
 feffui, Lat ] to declare one's felf m the lirong 
 cit terms; to be of any opinion or religion ; 
 to lay claim to, or declare one's Hiill in, any 
 art or Lience. 1 o ULciare openly. To de- 
 clare friendlllip. 
 
 PROFESSION', S. [Fr.] a calling or em- 
 rlovmc"'- ^ declaration, 'i he aft of de- 
 claring one's felf of any pany or opinion.- 
 PROFE'SiOR, S. {prof^jjhir, Fr. one 
 who openly declares himfelf of any opinion 
 or party. One who publickly priftifcs or 
 teaches an art. One who is vifibly religious. 
 PROFE'S>ORSHlP, S. the (lationor of- 
 fice of a public te:icher of any art. 
 
 To HRO'f FER, V. A. [p'^ofao, Lat. 
 prsfirer, Fr.] to piopofe or offer of one's 
 own accord. To attempt. 
 
 PRO'fFER, S. ancfiiimade. An elFay 
 •r rtttenipt. 
 
 PRO 
 
 PROFE'CTION, S. [from prcfcPAo, Lat.^ 
 pro^refHon. 
 
 PROFPCIENCE, fl^OFI'CIENCY, S. 
 Iptojicisns, Lat. J profit. Improvement in any 
 thing. 
 
 P.<OFrCIENT, S. ^profichns, Lat.] one 
 who has made advancement in any fludy or 
 bufinefs. 
 
 PROFI'CUOITS, Adj. [profcuus, Lat.] 
 advantageous; ufcfHl. 
 
 PROi' Pl-E, S. [Fr] the fide face: an 
 half f;:ce. 
 
 PRO'FIT, S. [Fr.] gain or advantage. 
 Improvement. 
 
 To PRO'FIT, V. A. [profter, Fr.] to 
 confer benefit or advantage. To improve. 
 Neulcrly, to gain advantage. To make im- 
 provement. To be of I) fc. 
 
 PRO'FITAi^LE, Adj. fuch as confers 
 gain, improvement, or advantage. 
 
 PRO'FITAI^LENESS, S. the quality of 
 conferring gain, in>provement, or advantage, 
 PRO'FlTACLY,^.dv. gainfully ; advan- 
 tageoully. 
 
 'PRG'FITLESS, Adv. without gain or ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 PKOTLIGATE, Adj. [prcfigatus, Lat."| 
 abandoning to vice. Loft to virtue and de- 
 cency 
 
 PRO'FLIGATE. S. one that has loft all 
 fenfe of virtue and decency. 
 
 PROTLIGAIELY, Adv. [from profH- 
 frati;] (hamelelly. 
 
 PRO'FLJGATENESS, S. [from pr-fi- 
 j-a.v) the (Quality of being profligate. 
 
 J'RO'FLUENCE, S. [l'rorr.prof-je;:t] pro- 
 grefs J courfe. 
 
 PRO'FLUENF, Adj. [profitience, Lat.] 
 I flowing fcrw:;rds " Pr.jhcnt ftreams." Milt. 
 \ PROFOL'ND, Adj. fnfundus, Lat. //-o- 
 \fcr.d, Fr. J deep ; defcending below the furtace. 
 Low with refptft to the fituation of other 
 things. Not cafily underftcod. Produced 
 by intenfe ftuJy, 
 
 PROFOU'ND, S. the feaorabvfs. 
 PROFOU'NDLY, Adv. with great reach 
 of knowledge or contrivance. 
 I PROFOU'KDNESS, S. depth, applied to 
 'place cr knowledge. 
 
 I PROFU'NDITY, S. depth of place or 
 knowledge. 
 
 PROFL"Sr, Adj. [profufu!, Lat.] lavifti ; 
 liberal, cw abounding to cxcefs. 
 
 PROFU'-^ENESS. S. hofpitality j expence 
 or pleiuy to excefs. 
 
 I'ROFL'SION, S. [Fr.^ro/«>, Lat ], ex- 
 travagance, or excefs in expence, liberality or 
 abimdance. 
 
 To PROG, V. N. to rob, fteal or ftiift 
 meanly for viftuals. 
 
 PROG, S. viftuals, or provifions of any 
 kind. 
 
 PROGE'NITOR, S. [Lat.'j an anceftor 
 or relation in a direft line. 
 
 mC'C^NY,
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO'GENY, S. [frogcrae, Fr. pro^Uffcs-, 
 Lat.j a race: OlFspring. 
 
 PROGNO'STIC, Adj. [progiwp^ue, Fr. 
 fee Prog.vogticate] betokening difeafe or 
 recovery before. 
 
 PROGNO'STIC, S. the Mil of foretell 
 ing dileares or their events. A prediiflioii. 
 
 ToPROGNO'SriCATE, V. A. [from 
 9rf5, and ■yiVMc->iai, Gr.j to i'oretel or forelhosv 
 by means of fome token. 
 
 P.^OGKOS I IFICa'TIOy, S. the aft of 
 foreknowing or forcfhowirg by fome token. 
 
 PROGNOS nCA'TOR, S. foreteller ; 
 forcknov.er. 
 
 PRO'GRAM, S. [programme, Fr. •Tres- 
 y^ctj^ixa., Gr.] an ti\Cc. or proclamation ; 
 alfo a bill g'ving notice of fomething to be 
 tranfafted in a fchco! or univerfity. 
 
 PRO'GRESS, S. [frvres, Fr. prognfji,:, 
 Lat.] courfe. Pa.^age. Motion Ibrward. Im- 
 provemeiK. A circuit or journey. 
 
 To PRO'GRESS, V. N. [progrcdlor, Lat.] 
 to move forward ; lo pafs. 
 
 PROGRE'SSION, S [¥r. ffogr:jr:o, Lat.] 
 a regular and gradual advmre. Motion ; 
 Courie forward ; pailige; improvement. 
 
 PROCRESSr/i:, Adj. \frogreff, Fr.] 
 going for\*ard : Advancing or increjling gra- 
 «lually. 
 
 PROGRE'SSIVELY, Adv. by gradual 
 fteps or regular courfe. 
 
 PROGRE'SSIVENESS, S. the ftate of 
 moving forward 
 
 To PROHJ'BIT, V. A. [pyohlleo, !.at ] 
 to firhid by authority. To dciiar or hinder. 
 
 PROHlBl'iTON, S. [VT.p,oki!>;:io, Lat.] 
 the a(fh of forbiddinrr, including the idea of 
 authonty. 
 
 PROHi'CJTORY, Adj. implying prohi- 
 bition ; forbidiling. 
 
 To PROJE'Cl', V. A. \projtFnan. Lat.] 
 to thiow out or caft forward. To exhibit a 
 form or reprefentation, alluding to that in a 
 looking-glaf;. To contrive ; from ^r,/;?.'(V-, 
 Fr. Neutcriy, to jut our or ilioot forward. 
 
 PRO'fEC r, S. a fchemeor contrivance 
 PRO'JECTILE, S. a body c.(l forwards, 
 upwards, or put in motion. 
 
 PROJE'CTILE, Adj. [Fr.] impcUed.for- 
 ward. 
 
 PROJF.'CTION, S. the aft of CiooTin? 
 forwards. A plan or delineation. A fchen-e 
 or pUn of aftion. In chcniiltry, ati opcia- 
 tion, or the crifisof an op'^rration. 
 
 PROJR'C 1 OR,-S. one that employs him 
 felf in forming fcliemcs or defigns. One that 
 forms wild and i.)ipia£licahle fchemes. 
 PaOJF'ClURE, S. a jutting out. 
 To PROIN, V. A. f cor-'upted fiom ;;«w , 
 to lop ; to cut ; totiim; to prune 
 
 To PROLATE, V. N. \p,cUum, Lat.] 
 to fpcak. pronoimce, or utter. 
 
 PROLATE, Adj. \p,ch<tui, Lat.] oblate 
 •r fiat. 
 
 PROL.VTION, S. [fnlatui, Lut.] pro- 
 
 PRO 
 
 nnnciatich, utterance. Delay; afl of defcf- 
 rin.i. 
 
 PROLEGO'MFNA, S. [Cr.] a previous 
 or introduftory difcousfe. 
 
 IROLE'l'SIS, S. ;Gr.; :. -cm of rhe- 
 toiic, in which objc<fiions are aniitipated. 
 
 FROLE'P\lCAL, Adj previous j ante-" 
 cedent. 
 
 PROLE'PTICALLY, Adv. by way f an- 
 ticipation cr l;'rtveht:ori. 
 
 PROLETA'RIAN, Adj. mean; vile. 
 " Proktaiian tvthing men." I'luiuli 
 
 PROLTF!C,PROLI'FICAL, Adj. r/;'o- 
 //5j-r.T, Fr. --r.c, .-nd fach, Lat.j fruitful. 
 Cegetting ch::dren. Producflive. 
 _ PRO.iFJCA'ilON, S. gcnel-ation of 
 cliildicn. 
 
 PRO'LTX, Adj. [jro'lxe, Fr. froHxu,^ 
 Lat.] loiig; ted!ou5 by lenorN. 
 
 ■ PROLIXI'TY, S. r^rrfot./, Fr.] the qua- 
 lity of be'no tirefome through length. 
 
 Fl'Oi.rXN'ESS, S. tcdioufiiefs. 
 
 PROLCCJ'; OR, S. I l.at.] a foreman or 
 perfon chofcn bv a lOiieiv to be their fneakei- 
 
 PROLCCU'TORSHrP, S. the office or 
 dignity cf a prolocutrr. 
 
 PRO'LOGUE, S [Fr. Trp., and ycyo^ Cr.J 
 ari intrcduftcry Jifcoi.rrc, p. cu i .rly aj ph^d 
 to a poem fynkcn btfoie a nijv. 
 
 To PRO'LOCUE, V. A. to introduce Ly 
 a formal difcourfe. 
 
 'loPROLO'NG, V. A. ^pokrgsr, Fr.] 
 to I'T.gihen out. To pjit off loni;.f. 
 
 1 RO LONG A'T ION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 lengthening. Delay to a longer time. 
 
 PKOLU'.SION, S. r/.-='/.i^, Lat.] an en- 
 tertainment or diverting periv;imaiice 
 
 PROMLSTKNT. Adj. \fro,>u>:e^s, Lat.j 
 (la.-.ding out beyond the other parts. 
 
 rRO'RIIMENCY, S. Sfromr.amn, Lat.] 
 the quality of (landing out hejor.d the other 
 parts. 
 
 PROMl'SrCOUS, Adj. 'pm^ur.um, L.t.J 
 minpKd: Oinfufed ; wlth.nit dlniinft'o i 
 
 PnOMI.VCO'OUSLY, Adv. indifcrimi- 
 naicly : vuth a confuted mixture. 
 
 PRO'iVH.^E, S. {Yx.prcir.-ffum, Lat.] nfui- 
 ranee g'ven of famcihing to t;e done, or f)me 
 benefit to be conferred. Figuratively, hope, 
 or gro'.md of hope. ' 
 
 •lol'RO'iVJISF, V. A. \prcvlfj]:!, Lat.] 
 to give a perfon no'ice or afiuianee tf fome 
 benefit to be conferred. Ktuterly, to aiTuie 
 by words. 
 
 ■ P,!(VN'I=;^OPY, Adj. r_jft..,,,.^A-,.:..,^ y^^f-j 
 cint. lining profciTion of fome benefit to be 
 cwifcr'ed, or of lcn:e debt to bi- jaid. 
 
 PRCVMONr, PROMONTORY, S. 
 ' pnmuritirc, Tw promontcihuv, \^9l,^ a hcad- 
 Lmd, cape, or high land jutting into the 
 fea. 
 
 ToPkOMO'TE, V. A. ^fron^rj,<,. Lav] 
 to forward, ot ;,dvanre. I'o p.( for or exalt. 
 
 PROMO' I ION, S. advafjccmeni or p e- 
 ferment. 
 
 C c c 4 T«
 
 PRO 
 
 To PRO'MOVK, V. A. f/J/r;;;--?,-?, Lat.] 
 to promote ; to foiward ; to advance. 
 
 rRO.vri'T, Adj. [pro,i-pt, Fr. quick; 
 resdy. \v'il iiK^, withoL-t any new motive" or 
 incen'ive R ad/, or pcrt'ormsd immed atdy, 
 applied fo p Is ni;iit. 
 
 To PROV P r, V. A. [proti'are, lt..l. j to 
 bcli> a peiioii uhcn at a h.-.fs in repeating by 
 henrr. o incite. To remind. 
 
 PRO'MPrta, S. one who alTifts a pub- 
 lic fpeaker when at a Lis; or who peifuidcs 
 or adviles a pc-rfon to do a thing. 
 
 PROMi-TlTLDE, S. [Fr.] quickncfa; 
 rcddinefs. 
 
 PRO'MPTNESS, S. rsadinefs; alacrity. 
 PFvO'MPTL ARY, S. |'/..5r.-/>f;.j;'v, Fr. 
 f;-jKptuan:i!): ,1'i'i- I a (lorchoufe or magaiine. 
 To FROMU'LGA 1 E, V. A, [i>-on:,<!^a- 
 tus, Lat.] to puhdih or m;ike known by pub- 
 lic declaration. 
 
 PROMULGA'TION, S. lpron::i!ga:io, 
 Lar] piibl'ditii n ; open exhibition. 
 
 To I'ROM'J LGcL.Y. A. [(>iamul^o,Lr.] 
 to puM.ih or IcjcIi openly. 
 
 PROAIU'LGKR, S. one that publilhes, 
 or teaches or*:i!y. 
 
 PRONE, Adj. \f>ro!:u-i, Lat.] bending or 
 looklr.g downwnrds. Lying with the tact 
 flownwai-ds. Sloping, applied to the place. 
 Inclined, or difpolcd to ; generally ufed in 
 an ill icnfe, and t'ollowed by to. 
 
 FRO'^JENESS, S the (late of bending, 
 
 flooping, or lying with the f:ce downwards. 
 
 Defcent. Inclin.ition ; ufed in an ill f-infe. 
 
 PRON'G, S. [pi-ora^hen Belg. to fqueezej 
 
 a fork with two or more hhdes. 
 
 PRONOU'N, S. [pnr.on:, Yr. froii'ir.cn, 
 Lat. J wor.ls ufed inlieadot nouns or nami'S. 
 To PRONOU'NCE V. A. \pra:oi:ccr, 
 Fr. pnrunck, Lat J to fpcak or utter. To 
 litter or deliver ia public. . i o form or aiti- 
 culate. Ncuterly, to fpeak with con.'idcnce 
 or authoiity. 
 
 PRONU.VCIA'TION, S. Fr. frcmwiia- 
 t:g, Lat.] thi; acl: or manner of uttering. 
 
 PROOF, S [from /-.rfri'-J evidence or ar- 
 gument ma-le lo confirm or eftablilh a facl or 
 opinion. Tcft or trial Form; temper^ Ca- 
 piciry of undergoing tridl. In printing, the 
 rou'j;h draught of a Iheet when tird pulled 
 
 PROOb'rAdj.rth'^ugh ufed a.sanadjcdlive,. 
 yet only an elliptx.al exprelTion for, of proof \ 
 impenetrable} i.ble to ie!;lh Ufed with re 
 or a i^ir'i. 
 
 To PROP, V. A. [froapen, Belg.] to fup- 
 
 port by fomcihing placed under or again (1. To 
 
 hinder from falling. To fiiftain or Uippovt. 
 
 PROP, S. any thing ufci to keep a thin^ 
 
 from falling. 
 
 PRO'PAGABLE, Adj, {propagate] fuch 
 as may I'pread or cor.tinue by fuccelTion. 
 
 To PP.O'PAGATP:, V. A. [fropagatin, 
 L.^t. 1 to continue or fjrend by generation or 
 fucccdive production ; to extend or widen. 
 To promote. To have ofFsf rin^. 
 
 PRO 
 
 PROPAG.'l'TJOV, s. fFr. frop^garU 
 Lat.] continuance, or fpie.iding by gcutra- 
 tion ; or fiiccelTivc production. 
 
 ToPROHE'L, V. A. [popelh, Lat.] to 
 drive forward. 
 
 To PROPE'KD, V. N. fpmtev^o, Lat.] 
 to inchnc to ^uy part ; to be diipofed in fa- 
 vour of any thing. 
 
 PROPL'NDENCY, S inclination or ten- 
 dency of delire- to any thing. Pre-confic!crd- 
 tiun ; attenti.e deliberation ; perpendencv. 
 
 PROPE'N'i>i:, Adj. Uropcriftn, Lat] 'in- 
 clined or dilpoicd j applied lo cither good or 
 
 bad. 
 
 PROPE'NSION, PROPENSITY, S. 
 
 \ Fr. propcrfo, Lat. j dfpofition to any thing 
 either good or bad. 1 cndency. 
 
 PRO'PER Adj. Jpropre, Fr. proprh.-, 
 Lat.] peculiar, belonging to one, fo as to dif- 
 tinguiih it from others. In grammar, noting 
 or diltinguifhingan individual. Natural; Fit; 
 .adapted; qualib;.d, Lxadt; ju'lh Tailor 
 iufty. 
 
 PROTERLY, Adv. in a fit or fuitabie 
 manner. In a (Iritt fenfc 
 
 PROTERNF.SS, S. the quality of being 
 tall, and well made. 
 
 PRO'PER TY, S. a feconJa-y eflential 
 node, quality, or attribute of a thing which 
 s peculiar lo it, diiringuilhes it from other 
 ihing.';, and is infeparablc from it. A quality. 
 Right of poikiTion. PoflaTion : the thing 
 pofleired in oncN own right. 
 
 To PRO FFRTY, V. A. to inveft with 
 qualities. To feize as belonging to. 
 
 PROPHA'SIS, S. [Gr. ] an cxcufe; a pre- 
 tence. In medicine, a foreknowledge of dif- 
 eafcs. 
 
 PRO'PHECY, S. f n-pr<fo,7ia, Gr.] a de- 
 claration of fometlung tuturc. 
 
 lo PRO'PHESY, V. N. to foretcl fome- 
 ;hing future. In fciipture language, to p.reach 
 by divine infjiir.ui 'lu 
 
 FRO'l'HET, S '.fnpletc, Fr.] crre that 
 foretels fomciliipo f.iU.rc. 
 
 PRO'PHEf.SS, S [pro^lerejje, Fr.] a 
 woman that foretels futme events. 
 
 PROPHE'lTC, I-ROPHl^'TICAL, Adj. 
 [prophctque, Fx.] foicfeeiag or foretelling fu- 
 ture events. 
 
 PROPHE'TiCALLV, Adv. with know- 
 lodge of fiituiity ; in n snner of a propiiecy. 
 
 ToPRO'PHETiZE, V. N. to ^ivc pre 
 diiflions. 
 
 PROPHYLA'CTir, Adj. [Trpo^tX^lx .;] 
 preventive ; prefervative. 
 
 PROPI'NQUITY, S. \propwqunas, Lat.] 
 nearnefs of litaation, relation, or time. 
 
 PROPITIABLE, Adj. \prupi:iati] fuch 
 as may beappeafed or rendered favourable. 
 
 To PROPPlTATE, V. A. Ipruphhuus, 
 Lat.] to appeafe a perfon angry or oliended. 
 To render favourable. 
 
 PROPITIA'TION, S. [pyophlathn, Fr.J 
 
 the acl of appeafiog anj;ev or rcfcntmcnt. 
 
 I Ihc
 
 PRO 
 
 The ofkring or means by which any perfon 
 ib ieiidcrccl It/vourable. 
 
 PROPI'TfATORY, Adj. \propuiatcire, 
 Fr.] h iviiip the power to appc-ifeor reconcile. 
 PROl'i'TfOUS, Adj. [piopitlus, Lat ] 
 favourahle ; kind ; n-conciled. 
 
 PROPl'TJOUSNESS, S. tlie qusHty of 
 beinp; favourable, kind, or reconciled. 
 
 PROI'LA'S.M, S. [wfo and 7rXac-|Ma, Gr.] 
 r.iouid ; matrix. 
 
 PROPL'A'STICE, S. [wpowX^fui, Gr.J 
 the art of making moulds for cafiing. 
 
 PROPO'NKNl", S. [p'cfonetrs, Lat.] one 
 th;ir makes .i propofal. 
 
 I'ROPO'RTIOy, S. \Tv.proportio, Lat.] 
 the com psrative relation of one thing to ano- 
 tlicr. KouMiify or degi^e. Degrees in har- 
 mony. .*^i7.e. 
 ■ ToPROi'0'RTION,V.A. \profor:iorner, 
 Fr. j to adjnl creqnal in comparative degices. 
 To form V. iih fymmeiry. 
 
 PROPO'aTIONARLE, Adj. adjuOed or 
 fuitod bv rompnrative relation. Fit. 
 
 PROPr/RTIONAL, Adj. {pnfcrthnet, 
 Fr. ] having a fi-filed compaiative relation ; 
 lnving a certain dej^ree of ec|nalitv ; bearing 
 fome relation to another thing with which it 
 is compared. 
 
 PROrORTIONA'LPrY, S. the quality 
 of being proportiona!)lc. 
 
 PROPJ'RTIONATE, Adv. fuited, ad- 
 jured, or bearing fo mc ierpc<fl to another 
 thing in comparifon. 
 
 I'o PROVO'RTIONATE, V. A. to adjiift 
 according to fettled rate?. 
 
 PR0PO'RTI(3NATENF.SS, S. the (late 
 of Iieing by comparifon adjured. 
 
 FROPO'SAL, .S. a fcheme or dcfign ofTer- 
 cd to confideration or acceptance 
 
 ToPROPO'SE, V. A. \p'rfofcr, Fr. prc- 
 f-of-ft/s, Lat. J to ofTcir f.^r conbderation. Neu- 
 teily, to lav fchcmesor intend. 
 
 PROPOSPTION, S.fYr.fropo/itw.hst i 
 a fentence in which any thing is affirmed or 
 denied, and offered for alTent or denial. An 
 oi'tr. 
 
 PROPOSI'TIONAL, Adj. confidered as 
 3 nropofition. 
 
 To PROPOU'ND. V. A. (prcpom, Lat.] 
 to oiTer to confideration. To propofe. 
 
 PROPRI'LTARY, S. [proprutaire, Fr.] 
 poliilTarin his own ri»ht. 
 
 PROPRl'ETARY, Adj. belonging to a 
 certain owner. 
 
 PROPRI'ETOH, S. a perfon that has an 
 cxclufr.e right. A pofTefior. 
 
 PRCyPRI'ETY, *S. \prof>ricn', Fr. pro- 
 pr'idas, Lat.] an exclufive right. Accuracy, 
 jnftnef':, or fitneis. 
 
 PROPT, ufed by poetical writers in flead 
 of pxpptd, the participle palTive of Prop. 
 
 To PRO'PUGN. V. A. [propugno, Lat. I 
 to fiefend, juftify, or vindicate. 
 
 PRdPL'GNA'TION, S. [propurrr^th, 
 Lat 1 defence. 
 
 PRO 
 
 FROPu'GNER, S. one who defend.s, juf- 
 tifits, or vindic.Ttes, 
 
 PROPU'LSiOiV, S. \p,-vpidjur, Lat.] the 
 aft of driving forward. 
 
 PRORE, S. [pyora, Lat.] the prow of a 
 fliip ; nfed in poetry. 
 
 PROROGA'TION, S. \Tk. prorog.nh, 
 Lat.] coiitin nation ; the deferring to a longer 
 and ftated time. The interrupiion of the k(- 
 fion of parliament by roysl authority. 
 
 To PROi<0'GUE, V. A. \pro^ogo, Lat] 
 prov'^ger, Fr.] to potracl or prolong. To put 
 off \o another time. 
 
 PRORU'PTIOM, S. [pyovupm, Lat.] 
 the a<ft*of hm-rting fortli. 
 
 PRO.SA'IC, Adj. [pro^iilcm, Lat. pro- 
 fuipu, Fr.l bclonijing to profc. Rcfcmbling 
 profe. 
 
 To PROSCRFBE, V. A. ^prsjlriic, Lat.] 
 to doom to deftfuftion. To intevdift. 
 
 PROSCRIPTION, S. <; profcrlpth, Lat.] 
 the a;^ of writing down a peifon's name in a 
 lifl, and pofiing it in fome public pLce with 
 a reward for anyone th.it /bull bring his bead. 
 The act of do-)ming tl;e life of a perfon to 
 death, and his goods to confifc.ition. 
 
 PROSE, S. \¥r.prGfa, Lit J language not 
 confined to numbers, limitted quantity of fyl- 
 lablc,>i, or jingle of verfe. 
 
 To PRO'SECUTE, V. A. [profcntus, 
 Laf.] to continue endeavours. To carry on. 
 To proceed or continire in any confideration 
 or difquifition. In law. to fulidue. 
 
 PROSECU'T]0\', S. an endeavour to 
 carry on, A continued attempt, or a conti- 
 nuation of an attempt. A fuit.againrt a j>er- 
 fon in law. 
 
 PROSECUTOR, S. one that continue.'; 
 his endeavours or ran ies on any thing. One 
 who i\K% another for fome crime. 
 
 PRO'SELYTE, S. [ ■:7fo=r=Xu'3>', Gr.J 
 one that is perfuaded to change his jeligious 
 fentimenrs. A convert. 
 
 PROSElVIINA'TIONr, S. [profeminatu:, 
 Lat I propagation by feed. 
 
 PRO'SODY, S. {fToltdi<7, Lat. and Gr.] 
 that part of grammar, which teaches the found 
 or quantity of fylLbles, and the meafures of 
 verfe. 
 
 PROSONOiWA'SlA. S. [Gr.] a figure in 
 rhetoric, wherein a perfon fper.ks to things 
 inaraimate, as if they were living, and makts 
 them return fuitable replies. 
 
 PROSOPOPOE'IA, S, [Gr.] in rhetoric, 
 a figure in which things are reprefented as if 
 they were perfons. 
 
 PRO'SPECT, S. {p,-ofcrffi,u Lat.] a view 
 of fomcthing dilbnt < r abfent. A place which 
 affords an extended view. An objc(ft of view. 
 Rcgiro to fomcthing future. 
 
 PROSPF.'Cn IVE, Adj. viewing at a dif- 
 tance. Acting with foreiight. 
 
 To PRO'SPER, V. A. \*»ofp,'ro, Lat.] 
 to make happy. Neuferly to be fucctfsfiil j 
 to thrive, fromprol'pacr, Fr. 
 
 C cc 3 PROS
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO'SPERITY, S. Iprofperitas, Lat.] ajdier of the indorfers. Aiflively, to prove. 
 
 ftate vvlierc'm things fucceod accorujno; to our 
 wifbes, and aie prociudive of affluence ai.d 
 V-ea'iih. 
 
 PKO'.^PEROUS, Adj. {{rrj-crvz, Lat.] 
 fuccjfrti;! : tortmia"e. 
 
 ' PRO'Sl'Ers.OUSLY, Adv. fucccfsfully : 
 foitiinateiv. 
 
 PRO'S PRROUSNFSS, S. profperity. 
 FROSl'l'CIhNC":, S, [from fycjplcio, 
 J,r.t. 1 ihe Jicl of Icokinj; forward. 
 
 PROSTir.P.NA' ! lOM, S. \{iomproflcyno, 
 Lat.j dt-joifliijn j deprcfTion ; (Ltc of being 
 caft down. 
 
 PROSTETHI?, S. [7r,-!iri'^ir, Gr.l in 
 fuigcry, tliat uhich fills ug what is wanting. 
 To PRO'STIlU'fE, V. A. {p.of.liutus, 
 Lat. J to fi-il to v\ ickcdnefs or expole i^iy vile 
 piirpofes, geiier.i!ly iifed of wi.mcn fold to 
 anfwtr tiie cravuigs of iufl, either by them- 
 felves or others. 
 
 PR'J'S riTUTE, S. onethat will doany 
 thing for niorey. A public (trumpet. 
 
 PR()::;TITU'TI0N, S. the aa of retting 
 or heir.g ftt to f«Ic. 1 he life of a public 
 firumptt. 
 , ■ FKO'STRaTF, AJj. \ p-r-flraUn, Lat. 
 johnfon accents ir on the lecond fyllable] 
 Jying at length, Ijing on the ground in ado- 
 vation. 
 
 To RO'ST.IATF, V. A, \prcflyiUii.. 
 Lat.] to lay flat or ihi ow down ; to fall down 
 jn adoration. 
 
 To call as a wit- 
 
 iho'.v, or give evidence, 
 nefs. 
 
 PROTE'ST, S, a folemn declaration of 
 one's opinion, generally applied to that pub- 
 lifiied by peers in parliament when they dif- 
 agree with a ninjority. An inflrument or 
 wiiting whereby a peifon on non-paymerit of 
 a bill of exchange by one on whom it is 
 drawn, i? authorifeil to claim it from either 
 of the inuorfcrs or the drawer. 
 
 FROTESTANT, Adj. belonging to a 
 proreltnnt. 
 
 FRO'TESTANT, S, a perfon who be- 
 longs to the reformed religion, as delivered 
 by thofe tliat at firi'i proterted againit the er- 
 rors of tiie church of Rome. 
 
 PROTESfA'TlON, S. fFr.] a foltmn 
 declaration of any fart, rcfolution, or opinion. 
 !'ROTHO'NOr.'\RY, S. [protonotaire, 
 Fi-.l the he-.dvcgifkr. 
 
 PROTOCOL, S. protocols, Fr. ir^colt- 
 KcXT^cv, Gr. ] the orifinai of any writing. 
 
 PROTOMARTYR, S. [Gr.] the firft 
 maityr. 
 
 PUO'^-OPLA-S-, s. [Gr] fomcthing. 
 forn-e.l firft to fcrve as a model. 
 
 rE.orOTY'PE, S. [Fr. ■s-?o,roli>w'.^, Gr-.] 
 an orii;inil by ulv.cli any thing is formed. 
 
 ToPOTRA'CT, V. A. fpouaaus, Lat.]' 
 to draw out, lengthen, or dthiy. 
 
 Pl^O \ RA'CI'i R. S. one who draws out 
 any thing to a tedious length. .A mathema- 
 Pi'^OS'TRATIO>J, S. Iproficrn.t'jn, Fr.] tical inlVinm-nt ufeJ in m, jfuring anHes. 
 the ac> of f..li;ng down in adoration. p,< OTRA'C TION, S. the ad of drawing 
 
 PRO'STYLF, S. [iTf.crvX^. Gr.Jabuild- into length or delaying. 
 ing h iving pill.rs only in the front, pR0° RA'CTIV^:? Adj. dilatory ; de- 
 
 PROSY'LLOGISM, S. theconneaion of la^inc; ; fpinning to k-ngth. 
 two ly':o;4ifmf, in fuch a manner, that the VrqtRF'PTICAL, Adj. [irfolftTrlmor, 
 jeonci.:iion of the firll is the major or miner 'Gr.] hortatory ; fnr.fory. 
 o; the following. 1 ; o p^Q TRU'DE, V. A. {pntruJo, Lat.] 
 
 PROTA'SIS, S. [Gr.] a maxim or pro- to 'hruft forward. 
 
 pofitiun. In the antient drama, the fii if part 
 of a omedy which explains the argument of 
 the pii.ce. 
 
 loPROrF.'CT, V. A. \f>Jon'nt/s, Lat.J 
 to defend <>i- cover from any evil. 
 
 PROTE'CIION, S. [Fr.l a defence or 
 
 PRO 1 RU'SION, S. [protrufus, Lat.] the 
 aO of th'.uPiing forward. A thsuft. 
 
 PROTli'BFRAlsXE, S. [praJuLerans, 
 Lat. J fomething fwelling above the other 
 parts. 
 
 PROTU'BERANT, Adj [protubcrans. 
 
 er irom evil, A kind of paHport, whereby | l,;,t.] to fwell out or beyond the other parts 
 
 a perfon us exempted from being prefTcd or 
 other -vife moled cd. 
 
 PROTI/CIOK, S. [profcaeitr, Fr,] a 
 ^ef nieror one who guards from danger. A 
 j-erfoii formtrly intruded with the care of the 
 k ng om during tl.c king's minority 
 
 PROT' 'CTRFS.S, S. a Ten, ale that de- 
 fends trom evil, and favon:s any undertaking. 
 
 To P^'-OIE'ND, V. .A. [prch„iio, Lat.J 
 to hold out or (Ireuh forth. 
 
 FirO ! f'7RV[TV, S 
 petulence ; pcevininefs. 
 
 TolRO'E'ST, V. N Iprorcp,; -Lzt 
 
 lo PROrUBERATE, V. A. \pron.lH 
 rMus, Lat.J to fvvcU out or beyond the other 
 parts. 
 
 PROUD, Adj. \p>ut, pryte, Zzy.. praycht, 
 F>elg. from pryde. Sax. a (Welling, pryd, Drit. 
 I eauty, piy.l,r, Dan. to adorn] having too 
 high an opinion of one's o«n excellencies, 
 and too mean a one of thofe which belong to 
 another. Daring. Lotty of mien or grand 
 of perfon. Ollcntatious. SaLcious, applied 
 prcterintas, Lat.] | to hruirs Fungous, applied to flcfh. 
 
 ToFROVE, V. A. I jrou-vcr, Fr. proh. 
 Lit.] to confirm or (how by argument or tef- 
 
 prct-jitr,^ Fr.] to give a fokmn declaration of Uimony. To try, biing lo thc'teft, or cxpe 
 
 one's opni'on. To note the non-payment of 
 a bill of exchange, and claim payment of ei 
 
 ncnce. 
 cced. 
 
 To found by experiment. To fuc- 
 PRO-
 
 PRO 
 
 PROVE'DITOR, TROVED'ORE, S| 
 \f>r(n!ed:rore] Ital.J one who undertakes to 
 procure fupplic? for an army. 
 
 PRO'VENLER, S. \fro-vende, Fr. pro- 
 'vai-.dc, 3clg.] dry food for cattle : Hay and 
 corn. 
 
 PRO'VERB, S. [prmjerbe, Fr, pr:va- 
 hlum, Lat.] a generally received fcntence, .'ip- 
 plieJ on particular cccafions as a rule of life. 
 A v.orJ, name, and obfervation commonly 
 received or uttered. 
 
 To PRO'VERB, V. A. to ment'on as a 
 commonly received faying oi maxim. 
 
 FROVE'RBIAL, Adj. ufcd as a proverb 
 or common f^nience. 
 
 To PROVI'DE, V. A. \pro-vlJeo, Lat.] 
 •to procure beforehand ; to get ready ; to pre- 
 pare. To (lipulate or make conditions. Ufed 
 vith a^ahiji, to take me.jfures tor counter- 
 acling or efcapin^ any ill. Ufed with _/er, 
 to take care of beforehand. Prc-vidcdtkat, 
 implies on thefe terms or conditions. 
 
 PRO'VIDENCE, S. torcfight difplayed in 
 taking meafures beforehand. Frugality, 
 founded on a regard to futurity. The care or 
 jnterpoCition of the Deity, by which all things 
 ■*re prefcrved. 
 
 PRO'VIDENT, Adi, [fn-Jdem, Lat.] 
 f audous, prudent, or taking meafures before- 
 hand. 
 
 PROVIDE'NTL^L, Adj. efTetted hy, and 
 to be referied to, the inteipufition of God. 
 
 PRO'VIDENTLY, Adv. witli forcfight, 
 prudent, or frugality fouuded on a regard to 
 futurity. 
 
 Pi^O'VINCE, S. [Fr. /-wi/.fr^, Lat.] 
 a conauered country. An ofHce ur bulinefs 
 peculiar to a perfon. 
 
 PPv.OVrN"ClAL. Adj. belonging to a pro- 
 vince, oppufcd to one s native country : Fo- 
 reign ; lude; unpolilhed. Belonging to an 
 aichbidiop's juriCdiflion. 
 
 P^OVI'NCIAL, S. \frciniichl, Fr. from 
 fic-vinci'l a fpirited governor. 
 
 ToPROVi'NCL-^TK, V. A. [from ^ra- 
 w/tv] to turn to a province. 
 
 To PKOVi'Nfc:, V. K. lfir(nj[^iirr, Fr.] 
 to lay a llock or branch of a vine in the 
 ground to take root for more increafe. 
 
 PROVrsiON, S. [Fr./.; 6 Li/To, Lat.] the 
 :?.£i of getting beforehand. IVFcafures taken 
 beforehand. Stock colkdted. Vicluals, food, 
 or provender. A term or condii ion. ' 
 
 P-i^OVI'SIONAL, Adj. piovidcd for tem- 
 poral need. 
 
 PROVI'SO, S. [Lat.] a condition or term. 
 
 PROVOCA'TION, S. [Fr. fro-vocutlo, 
 Lat.] an aft by which anger is caufed. hi 
 law, an appeal to a jud?e. 
 
 PROVO'CATIVE, S. any thing which 
 excites or impels. 
 
 PRO'VOCATIVENESS, S. the quality 
 oi bting provocative. 
 
 ToCROVO'KLi, V. A. [pro-i'O'-ucr, Fr.] 
 /i.Ji,.ij Lat.] to roufe, to excite by clLiiCC. 
 
 P R U 
 
 To rr.ake angry or offend. To caiife, pro- 
 mote, or excite. To challenge. To move 
 or induce. 
 
 PROVOKER, S. one that raifes anger. 
 Caufcr; promoter. 
 
 PROVO'KINGLY, Adv. in fuch a man- 
 ner a.« to rai:C anger. 
 
 PROVO'ST. S. \prc-.-.Ji, Fr.] the chief 
 of any body or fociety. The executioner of 
 a'l army. 
 
 PR O'VO-STSHI P, S. the office of a provofT. 
 
 PROW, S. [;«zT,Fr.] the head or fore- 
 part of a Oiip. 
 
 PRO'WEbS, S. [prcujc, Fr.] bravery ; 
 military courage. 
 
 To PRO\VJ>, V. A, toroveov;r. Ncu- 
 terly. to wander in fearch of prey. 
 
 PRO'XIMAfE, Adj. [proxb-nus, Lai.] 
 next in the feries or order of our ideas or 
 reafoning; nr.- and immediate. 
 
 PRO'XIME, Ad],[froxl>rus, Lat.] next. 
 PROXl'MLI Y, S. [irexmnras, Lat.] the 
 Hate of being ne.ir. 
 
 PRO'XY, S. [by contraftlon from f rorii- 
 riicy\ the agency of another. The fubflitu- 
 tioH of anotlier inflead of one's fclf. A per- 
 fon fubftituted or deputed to act inflead of 
 another. ' 
 
 PRUDE, S. [Fr.] a woman affljfledly nice 
 and modefl. 
 
 PRUDENCE, S. [Fr. prudcm-a, Lat.] 
 the a(ft of fiiiting words and actions accord- 
 ing to the circumliance of things. 
 
 PRU'DENT, Adj. [Fr./.;-a./:7;j, Laf;] or- 
 dering anions or words with a proper r.-gard 
 to their confequen CCS. 
 
 PRUDE'NlJAL, Adj. eligible on princi- 
 ples of prudence. 
 
 PRUDE'NrLALS, S. maxims of prudence 
 or practical wifdom. 
 
 PrlUDPlNTlA'LITY, S. elegibility en 
 principles of prudence. 
 
 PRU'DENTLY, Adv. in a difcrect or 
 judicious manner. 
 
 PRU'DERY, S. too great an afieftation of 
 nicenefs or modedy. 
 
 PRU'DiSH, Adj. afTeftedly gr.ive or nice. 
 
 To PRUNE, V. A. to iop'^or free trees 
 from their fuperfiuous branches. To clear 
 from any excrcfcence 
 
 PRUNE, S. \yx. p-uv.um, Lat.] a dried 
 plum. 
 
 PRUNE'L, S. an hcib. 
 
 PRUNE'LLO, .'^. a kind of fiufT woven 
 with a mijcturc of filk and worllcd, of which 
 cltrgynien's gowns are made. A kind of 
 plum, from f run He, Fr. 
 
 PRUNPFEROUS, Adj. [*^runum, and 
 fcrOy Lat.] prodi.cini; 1 lums. 
 
 P R U N 1 N G-H O O K, P R U N I N G- 
 KNIFE, S. a hook or kn.fe ufcd in cutting 
 off the fuperfiuous bianolies of trees. 
 
 PPs.U';<.lLNCK, PRU■RlE^iCY, S. \pru- 
 r'lens, Lat.] an itching, icimoderatc defirc or 
 appetite. 
 
 Ccc4 rpU'RIENT,
 
 PSA 
 
 FRU'RIENT, Adj. [f rancns, Lat.] itch- 
 
 PRURI'GINOUS, Adj. [f>runo, Lat.] 
 tending to ihe itch. 
 
 PRU-.SIA, a Isrne country of Europe , 
 bouiiikJ oil ihc N. by the B;iltic-fca, on tlie 
 E. l)y 1 itluiania and S.mivogitia, on the S. 
 by Pobnd, and on the W. by Bvandenbui\C» 
 J'omerinia, and ' aflubia, and is about 5C0 
 rnilVs in knp^tti, and 100 in breadth where it 
 is nariowcH. It is a very teitile country, 
 and produces a j^reat deaVsjf fiax, liemp, ind 
 corn. '1 here are a great number of domeftic 
 animals, bclides game, which is very com- 
 mon j rind the fca, rivers, and lakes, Aippiv 
 them with great plenty of lilh ; behdes the 
 comm'>n gmne theie aie elks, wild alie';, and 
 nri in the ibrefls. One of t!ie mo(t remark- 
 able proJu(fti'jns of this country is yellow 
 annbcr, which is };ot alon^ the fej-coaft, par- 
 ticula-.Iy in the cicle of Saml.-.r.d. Ther'.* 
 
 PUD 
 
 PSA'LTER.Y, S. a kind of harp or dulci- 
 nier played on with liicks. 
 
 PJjKO'DO, S. [from ^ekS®-, Gr.] implies 
 fal'.'e, and is ufed as a prefix in words derived 
 from the Greek. 
 
 PSEL'D'OGRAPHY, ?. falfe writing or 
 fpelling. 
 
 HS.'-.UDO'LOGY, S. [4,Bvh\oy:a, Gr.] 
 falfehood of fpecdi. 
 
 PSHAW, Interj. ufed as an expreflion of 
 contempt and difrega;d. 
 
 PTl'SAN, S. (Fr.j a medical drink made 
 of barley boiled with liv^uorice, raibns, &c. 
 
 Pr\'ALlSM, S. ["'J-a'i-iy-*^) Gr-lafa- 
 livation, 
 
 PL'BERTY, S. [futerfe, Fr. puiatas, 
 Lat.J the time of iite when the t*o fexes 
 ripen to their perteifb (late. 
 
 PUfit'SCENM , Adj. [puhfcen:, Lat.j ar- 
 riving at puberty. 
 
 PUBE'sCKN'CF, S. [from puL'cfco, Lst.] 
 
 re alfo mountains of white fand, covered the (bte of m riving at puberty 
 with oaks and pines ; and there they find a PU'BLICAN, S. [/>r/Z'/;M«M.', Lat.] a toU- 
 vifcous Aihdance, v, h;ch j-.eing espofed to 1 gatherer. In low language, one who keeps an 
 the air, turns, to yellow amb'r. 'J here-aie j alehoufe. 
 
 two largf hike;,hehdcs the rivers Vifiula Ht>d I PUBLIC, Adj. [fvUk, Fr puhnrus, Lat.] 
 Prejel. The inhabitants are of a good con- j beloning to a flatc or nation, oppofed to pri- 
 (litution, laborious, robuft, and good foldiers. vate, Cpen or generally known. Regarding 
 'J'here are a great number of meihnnics ; but j not private inteiefl, hut that of the commu- 
 the principal hulinefs of the inhabitants is I riity, .npplied to perfons. Open for genert-l 
 
 hulbandry^ and feeding of cattle. PrufTia is 
 divided into two parts. Duel PriiflLi, other- 
 wife called Polilh Pruffi.!, and Regal Pruffia, 
 or rather th.e kingdom of Prufila, becau:e it 
 was made .--n hereditary kir.gdom by the em- 
 
 entertainment, followed by l-r.^jjt 
 
 PU'BLIC, S. (he general body of a ftate, 
 nation, or mankind. General notice. 
 
 PUBLICATION, S. tiMciUus, Lat.] 
 the a£l of making generally known, or of 
 
 peror in 1706. Polifli PriilTia comprehends 1 common nfe. 
 
 the palatinate of Pomeranii, of wliich Dant- PU'BLICNESS, S. [ixom fublkk] (latev 
 
 zick is the cipital ; the palatinate of Culm, | of belonging to the community. Openncfs ; 
 
 of whifii Thornc is the principal town ; the 
 palatinate of Marienburg, whofe principal 
 town is of the fime name j and the territory of 
 W'ermland, whofe pnncip-il place is Braunf- 
 berg. Kegal Prudia is divided into three 
 gicat circles, and each of thefe circles 
 contains three fmall provinces. The cir- 
 cles arc thofe of Sanihnul, Nantangen, ;ind 
 tiockerland. The ii'li .bit-nts are generally 
 protertanfi, after the confefHon of Augfburg, 
 th.o'L-gh there arc a gieat number of the re- 
 formed, and Roman caihoiicks, who live in 
 h..riiioi)y with taeh other. 
 
 To P ' Y, V. A. la peep narrowly; to 
 lock curioijfly, officioufl), or inipertinently j 
 iiftd with i:ito. 
 
 PSAL.'vI, S. [pCi/mc, Sax. vl-aXy^, Gr.] 
 a })\i'nn or long on futne holy fuhjetl. 
 
 p'.S.VL.Mlst, S. IpjaUfco/', iii-K. pplmlfte, 
 Fr.] a writer or coaipofer of odes on holy 
 fu'-.jeff'. 
 
 PSA'LMODY, S. [ ■\,e\;x:^j, Gr.] the 
 aifl i>r prj(f^ice of f)"S'"g pfahns. 
 
 PSALMO'GRAPHY, S. K'*',m5,-, and 
 
 ;'fa.*iw, Gr.] the adf of 
 
 I'^VLTER, .S. Ipfuiti 
 contai-iir.g the pfalms. 
 
 writnig pialms. 
 
 Sax. J a book 
 
 Hate of heing generally known or publick. 
 
 PU'BLICSPIRITED, Adj. \pul:Uk and 
 fp'irit] having regard to the general advantage 
 about private qood. 
 
 To PUBLISH, V, A. Ip-Mkr, Fr. puh- 
 I'uo, Lat. J to uifcovcr or make generally 
 known. To put firth to iile. 
 
 rU'BLISHER, .'5. one who makes pub- 
 lick or generally known. One who puts a 
 book into the woild. 
 
 PICE'LAGE, S. [Fr.] a flate of vir- 
 ginity- 
 
 PUrK, S. [perhnps the fame with pug] 
 Tome fpiite among the fairies, common in 
 romances. 
 
 To PU'CKFR, V. A. to gather into cor- 
 rugations ; to contraifV into folds or plica- 
 tions. 
 
 PU'DDFR, feel'oTHTR.- 
 
 To PU'DOER, V. N. [fee Pother] to 
 make a tumult or buHle. 
 
 PL'DDiriG, S. \lioiu:;>f, jr. puJing, 
 Swed.] a kind of food boiled in a bag; or 
 ftuffe,' in the guts of feme animal. 
 
 PU'DDING-TJME, S. dinner-time or 
 time to begin dinner, the pudding being for- 
 mcrb; the firft difli ferved up. 
 
 ^ PU'DDLF,
 
 P U L 
 
 FU'DDLE, S. a fmdl cjuantlty of muddy 
 water. 
 
 To PU'DDLE, V. A. to make ma.My. 
 
 PUDDOCK, or furrock, S. [iov paddock, 
 or pcrrock] a provincial word for a fmall in- 
 cloiuie 
 
 PU'DENCY, S. [/.vif«; Lat.] moJeOy ; 
 Ihamefaccdncfs. 
 
 PUDl'Ciry, S. \fud:dte, Fr. from fu- 
 dicbia, L:'.t.] modefty ; chalHty. 
 
 P1-"D1C10US, Adj. [yuJk-ui, Lat.] chafte .- 
 modcd ; 
 
 PUF:'E.ILE, Adj. [Fr. puerilh, Lat.j re- 
 femijling or htcoming a boy or child. 
 
 PUi'RIi-ITy, S. youihtuiiiel6 i or the 
 ftate of childliood. 
 
 JHJKT, S fee Pewet. 
 
 PUFF, S. \f>t:f, Perf. pcf, Belg.] a quick 
 blaft of breath. A mdl hlafl ot wind. A 
 inufhroom. Any thing lij^'it, porous, and 
 fuelled with wind. An inlhunient made oF 
 ihieads faftened round a (lick at one end, iifed 
 to powder hair with. .Any hyperbolical oi 
 exaej;erated commendation. 
 
 to FLFF, V. A. [fl-e the noun, hffcn, 
 Belg. buffare, Ital. tiifar. Span. J to fwell the 
 checks with included breath. To blow with 
 a quick hUfh To bieathe thick and hnrd. To 
 commend to excefs or witliout reafon. To 
 fwell witii pride. To raife the price of goods 
 at an au<!^ion, by inducing othc s to bid be- 
 yond their value. 
 
 P'J'FFER, S. one that extols to ty^Qt'h. 
 One that raiies the prices of goods at an auc- 
 tion, by drawing in perfons to bid beyond 
 -their value. 
 
 PU'FFIN, S. {piffine, Ital.] a water- 
 fo« 1. A kind of fifh. A fungus filled with duff. 
 
 PL"F"FY, Adj. windy ; liatulent. Tumid, 
 applied to (tile. 
 
 PUG, S. ^1 figa. Sax. a girlj a name given 
 to a monkey or other animal. 
 
 PUGH, Interj. a word ufed to exprefs con- 
 tempt. 
 
 PU'GiL, S. [f)ugi/f, Fr.] what may be 
 takrn up between the thumb and the tore- 
 finger, 
 
 PUGNA'CTOUS, Adj. [fugmx, Lat.] 
 fond of fighting. Quarr(.libme. 
 
 PUGN.VCITY, S. f pugnacitas, Lat. ] 
 quarrelfcmenefs ; inclination to fight. 
 
 PU'ISNE, .Adj. [f'uh V,', Fr. J young; 
 petty ; inconfid'Crable ; fmall. ' , 
 
 P'UI'SSANCK, S. [Fr.] power to over- 
 come or accompiifh. 
 
 PUI'.SSANT, Adj. FFr.] able to overcome 
 any retiOance, or accomphlh .my undertaking. 
 
 PUK E, S. [perhaps formed from the found j 
 a vomit. 
 
 To PUKE, V. A. to vomit. 
 
 PUKEK, S medicine caufing a vomit. 
 
 PU'LCHRlTUbE. S. [pukl >-\tudo,l..i':.] 
 the qiiulity of conveying the idea of bcau'y. 
 
 lo PULE, V.N. [plaulc; Fr.J to cry 
 Jike a chicken. To cry or whimper. 
 
 P U M 
 
 i rULICOSI'TY, S. [fulkofiras, Lat.] a- 
 jbundance of, or being full ot fleas. 
 j PU'LiCOSE, Adj. [pulkojus, Lat.] a- 
 bounding with fieas. 
 
 PU'LING, Adj. [from pliuLr, Fr.] fick- 
 ly ; weakly ; crazy. 
 
 To PULJ,, V. A. to draw toward«; one with 
 continued violence. To draw forcibly. 'Jo 
 pluck or gather, applied to fruits. 'I'o draw 
 out the entrails of a fowl. Ufed with do-wn, 
 to fubvert, ruin, or demolilh. To dei'race, 
 
 PULL, S. the a<ft of drav.ing with force. 
 
 FU'LLEN, S. poultry. 
 
 PU'LLEr, S. [/;//<-.', Fr.] a young hen. 
 
 PU'LLEY, S. [p,ur,e, Fr.] a little wheel, 
 with a channel round its cige, and turning- 
 round a pivor. 
 
 ToPU'LLULATE, V. A. [fulhdaut,- 
 Lat.] to gtrmiji »te, bud, or grow. 
 
 PU'LMONARY. PULMO'NiC, A.'j. 
 [p:di?:orcs, Lat.] belonging to the hin^s. 
 
 PULP, S. (br.fidpu, Lat.] any foft mafs. 
 The foft or fleOiV pa it of Jruit. 
 
 PU'jLPir, S.'l /-.•'// />f, fr. pulyitum, Lat.] 
 a place raifcd on high, whereon a public 
 fpeakcr (lands The higher delk in a chuich, 
 from whence the miniffer delivers his lei- 
 mons. 
 
 PU'LPOUS, Adi. [from fidp] {o£-. 
 
 PU'LPOUSNZSS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing foft. 
 
 I'U'LPY, Adj. foft; pappy. 
 
 PULSA'TION, S. [fr.i.idfjM, Lat.] the 
 aft of beating or moving with quick (Irokes 
 againll any thin'^ oppofini^. 
 
 _l ULS.A'TOR, S. [from p^Ifo, Lat.] a 
 ririker ; a beater. 
 
 FULSE, S, [pidft's, Lat.] the beating or 
 throbbing of the heart and arteries. Alter- 
 nate expanfion andcontrailion. Leguminous 
 pl.infs. To feci one' i pulfe implies fiourativtly, 
 to try to know one's mind. 
 
 To PUVSE, V. N. to beat like the pulfe. 
 
 PU'LsrON, .S. [pulfus, Lat.J the ad of 
 forcing or driving forward. 
 
 PU'LVKRAliLE, S. capable of being re- 
 duced to dufi. , 
 
 PULVERIZATIOV, .S. [fiom p-J-vc- 
 y'lzc] the aift of reducing to powd'-r. 
 
 loPU'LVERIZE, V. A.[puhmf:r,Yx.'] 
 to reduce to duft or powder. * , 
 
 PU'LVERULENCE, S. fpid-va-ukmia, 
 Lat.") duflinefs ; abundance of dull. 
 
 PL"LVIL, [pi.tl-v'dlum, Lat.] l\veet fccnt 
 or odours. 
 
 PU'MICF, S. [pumcx, futrticis, Lat.] the 
 flag or cinder of fome foffil brought to this 
 flatc by (ire. Its texture is lax, fpongy, full 
 of little pores and cavities ; it is of a pale 
 wliitifii colour, and is found near volcanoes. 
 
 PU'.VIMEL, S. fecPoMMEt. 
 
 PUMP, S. [po».pt; Relg. and Fr.] a ma- 
 chine formed on the principles of afyringe, 
 by which water is drawn up from weils. A 
 fhoe with a thin turncJ fole. 
 
 To
 
 PUN 
 
 To PUMP, V. A. to work a pump : To 
 throw out or drav, up water by a pumt'. 
 
 PU'Ml'JON, S. a plant wliicli bears an 
 cblong or long flciliy fruit, having fome- 
 times an hard, rugged rind, with knobs and 
 furrows ; and divided into three parts, in- 
 clofinn flat feeds, edged, as it were with a ring, 
 and fixed to a fpongy (ubiLr.ce. 
 
 PUN, S. a quibble or couivocation arifing 
 from t!:e ufe of a word which has two diffe 
 rent ma.niiigs. 
 
 To PUN, V. A. to quibble or to ufa a 
 word in two diifeient racawings. 
 
 To PUNCH, V. A. [f,c,mioMer, Fr.] to 
 make a hole by diiving a pointed inftrument. 
 To beat wkh the fifl. 
 
 PUNCH, S. a pointed inflrument diiven 
 t Y a blow to niokc holes. A liquor made of 
 rum or brandy, o>angiS and lejnons, wjter and 
 f igar. 'J he buffoon or harlequin of a pup^tt 
 ibow, [from funcbinc'lo, Ital.J A flioit fat 
 j>erfon. 
 
 l^U'NCHEON, S. r/««i-c9, Fr.l an in- 
 ftrument driven to inake a hole rr impreflion. 
 A liquid uieafurc containing eighty-four 
 gallons. 
 
 PU'NCHFR, S. an inftniment that makes 
 a hole or iinprefTion, when diivcn by a ham- 
 mer, &c. 
 
 l>l'NCTrLTO, S. rital- f'oin pur.num, 
 Lat.J a fm all nicety of behaviour. A nice 
 point of exactnefj. 
 
 PUNCTI'LIOUS, Adj. cxaf^ in {he mott 
 trivial parts of breeding. 
 
 FU'NCTO, S. \pur.ao. Span. fv.nBum, 
 lat.J a nice point of ceremony. The point 
 in fencing. 
 
 PU'NCTUAL. Adj. [pitiEfuel, Fr.] com- 
 prifed or Confifting in a poir.t. £xaft ; nice in 
 the mort trifiing or minute ciicurriltances. 
 
 PUNCTUA'LITY, S. a fcriipr.lous c--^a- 
 nd's. 
 
 rU'NCTUALLY, Adv. nicely; exa<niy; 
 rrupu'.cu'dy. 
 
 PU'NCTUALNESS, S. cxaftnefs; nicety. 
 
 rUNCTUA'TlON, S. [puK^uaticn, Fi.] 
 the a£l of fettiag the i.'ops or proper names to 
 fenrences. 
 
 PU'NCTURE, S. \fur.rtus, Lat.] a hole 
 ir.adc with a Ikarp pointed inftrumcnt. 
 
 To PU'N'C I UALE, V. N. [lur.ilulun:, 
 Lat.] to mark with fmall fpots. 
 
 PU'NDLE, S. a (hort and fat woman. 
 
 PU'NGENCY, S. thepower of pricking, 
 or caufing a ftnlation of acrimony or iharp- 
 iitfs en the tongue. The power of afl'c£liag 
 the rriind. 
 
 PU'N GENT, Adj. f/argwj, Lat.] prick- 
 ing. Affc(f\ing the tongue with fenfation or 
 fharpnefs or acridnefs. 
 
 PU'NICE, S. [pur/ijc, Fr ] a bug. 
 
 PUNI'CEOUS, Adj. [fur.kcus, Lat.] 
 purple. 
 
 PU'NINES>, S. [from /:.;j] pettilhncfs : 
 Sraallnefs. 
 
 PUR 
 
 To PU'NTSH, V. A. ^purh, Lat. pun>-. 
 Fr.] to chaflifc: To jfT;i<f\ with penalties or 
 death, for the commifTion of fome crime 
 
 PU'NISHABLK, Adj. lfur.;£ahk, Fr.] 
 worthy of punilhrnent ; capable of puniih- 
 ment. 
 
 rU'NISHARLINESS, S. [from puKip- 
 allc] the qu.ility of defcrving or admitting 
 puniftimcnt. 
 
 PU'NISHFR, S. \ixQmfump'\ one who 
 infiiiffs pain for a crime. 
 
 PU'NISHMENI, S. [ puvljjimcrr, Fr. ] 
 any penalty or pain inflicted, on account of 
 the violation of fome law. 
 
 PU'NITIVE, S. \f>ur:rvs, Lat.] inflifiing 
 pain or puaiihmcnt lor the violation of fome 
 law. 
 
 PU'NITORY, Adj. \p„mo. Lat.] tend- 
 ing to punifhmcnt. Punhory ir.tofji, in civil 
 law, is fuch iniercft of money as is given for 
 dvlay or breach of trull. 
 
 PUNK, S. \}urg, Sax.] a common pro- 
 (litute, 
 
 PU'N.STER, S. [from^wn] alow wit who 
 deals in words that have a double meaning. 
 
 To PUN r, V. N. to play at ballet or 
 ombre. 
 
 PUNY, .*^ij. [puij'ne\ Fr.] young: Infe- 
 rior. Pcity. 
 
 PU'NY, S. a perfon young ar.d unexpe- 
 rienced. A novice. 
 
 To PUP, V.N. to biing forth whelps. 
 
 PU'Pil-, S. [pupi!u, Lat.] the applo of 
 the eye. A fcholar, or one under the care of 
 a tutor. 
 
 PL'PILAGE, S. the (late of a fcholar, or 
 ward. 
 
 PU'PILLARY, Adj \pupUhrc, Fr. pu- 
 pUlarh, Lat.] pertaining to a pupil or ward. 
 
 PUPP'ET, S. \pupdi, Fr. pupus, Lat.] a 
 fmab im:ige moved by fpiings and imitating 
 the geftures of an a(f>or. A perfon entirely 
 under the direc'tion of another. 
 
 PUPPET-SHOW, S. a drama or p'ay 
 performed by wooden images moved by 
 wires. 
 
 PU'PPY. S. \poup:c, Fr.j a whelp, or 
 the ifTue of a female dog. A nan-.e of con- 
 temptuous repronch implying a perfon to be 
 unworthy the name of a n.an. 
 
 PU'RBLIND, S. fee PoREBiiND. 
 
 PU'KCHASABLE, Adj. [pwcbafe] to be 
 bougl.t by nioiitv- 
 
 To PU'RCHASE, V. A. [ pcurchafer, 
 Fr.] to buy for money. To obtain at a»y 
 expence. In fea l."nguage,ti drawn in. " Ihc 
 " capfbn furchdfci apace."' 
 
 PU'RCHASE,' S. [pcurchas, old Fr.] any 
 thing bought or obtained for money. 
 
 PU'RCH.ASER, S." a buyer; one that 
 gains any tiling for a price. 
 
 PURE, Adj. \pury pun, Fr. pirus, Lat.] 
 unfullied. Clear, tinaltcrfd by any mixtures. 
 Void of guilt, or fin. Not vitiated, applied 
 to fptcch. Merc. Cluflc. 
 
 z 2URELEY,
 
 PUR 
 
 PURELEY, Adv. in a pure manner, inno' 
 . cently, merely, 
 
 PU'RENESS, S. the quality of being free 
 from mixture, compofition, guilt or various 
 modes of fpeech. 
 
 PU'RFILE, S. {powfh'e,Yr.] a kind of 
 trimming for women's gowns, made of linfe! 
 and thread. 
 
 To PU'RFLE, V. A. \pourf,ler, Fr, pro- 
 fiijyc, Ital.J to decorate with a wrought or 
 flowered bordir. 
 
 PU'RFLE, S. [pmirftc'c, Fr.] a border of 
 embroidery. 
 
 FURGA'TION, S. [pu-.-^ath, Lat.] the 
 aft of cleanfmg from bad or \itious mixtures. 
 7'he ad of cleanfing t])e body downwards by 
 medicine. Tiie adt of clearing from the im 
 f utation of guilt, 
 
 FU'RGATIVE, Adj. \l:u>rat;f, Fr. pur- 
 gati'vas, Lat.l having tlie power of cleanfing 
 the body by flool. 
 
 PURGATORY, S. \ purgatclre, Fr.] a 
 place wherein fouls according to the Romifti 
 church, are cleanfed from carnal impurities 
 before iheir reception into heaven. 
 
 To PUitGE, V. A. [purger, Fr. purgo, 
 Lat.] to cleanfe or rlear. To clear from guilt 
 or imputation of guilt. To evacuate the body 
 by ftooi. To clarify from dregs or impurities, 
 applied to liquors. 
 
 PURGE, S. a medicine which cleanfes the 
 impurities of the body liy (lool. 
 
 PU'RGER, S. one who clears away any 
 thing that is noxious; purge; cathartick. 
 _ PURI'FICA'ilON, S. {^i^njlcaho, Lat.] 
 the a£l of making pure or cleanllng from fo- 
 reign mixtures. The a<ft of clcanfni^ from 
 guilt, or bodily impuiities. 
 
 PURIFICATIVE, PURI'FICATORY, 
 Adj. haviiiiJ the power or tendcncv to clear 
 from imputities. 
 
 PU'RIFIER, S. a cleanfer or refiner. 
 
 To PU'RIFY, V. A [punf.r, Fr. p,:.nfic-o, 
 Lat. J to cleanfe from impurity, filth, coriup- 
 tion, guilt, l)arbar<)u('nels, or improprieties. 
 
 PU't<lSr, S. f/;;.'4C.-, Fr.J oneaffjaed- 
 ly or fuperflitioudy nice in the ufe of words. 
 
 PU'.'< ITAN, S. aperfju pretending to ex 
 traordiuary puritv in religious worfhip. 
 
 PURITA'NICAL, Adj. relating to, or 
 refimbling Puritans. 
 
 I'U'Rl FANISjAI, S. tlietenetsof a perfon 
 who affeds extraordinary purity in religious 
 worfhip. 
 
 PU'RITY, S. rpunt:-, Fr. purk^s, Lat.] 
 cleaimefs or freencf;. from dirt, foulnefs, guilt, 
 unchsltenefs, or foreign mixtures. 
 
 PURL, S. an embroidcied border. A kind 
 cf liquor in wliich wormwood, and other bit- 
 ter.s are infufjd. 
 
 'I o PURL, V. N. To murmur or flow 
 with a gentle noife. Atftively to adorn the 
 edges with fringe or cmlnoidery. 
 
 PURLIE'U, S. the borders of a foreft. A 
 bolder or inclofure. 
 
 PUR 
 
 PU'RLTNS, S. thofe pieces of timter that 
 lie a-crofe the rafters on the infide, to keep 
 them from finking in the middle of their 
 length. 
 
 ToPURLOI'N, V, A. To fteal, or take 
 away the property of another privately, 
 
 PU'RLOI'NER, S. one that take away 
 the property of another privately, 
 
 PU'RPARTY, S. [pour and parti, Fr.] 
 fhare; p;irt in divifion. ^ 
 
 PU'RPLE. Adj. \purpur, purpnrcn. Sax. 
 poinpre, Fr.] red, tindtured with blue. la 
 poetry, red. 
 
 To PUR'PLE, V. A. {purpura, Lat.] to 
 make of a red colour mixed with blue. 
 
 PU'RPLES, S. fpots of a livid red colour, 
 which breaks out in fevers. 
 
 PU'RPLISH, Adj. fomewhat purple. 
 
 PU'RPORT, S,.[pourporte. Fr.] the deffgn, 
 effect, or tendency, of a difcourfe or writing. 
 
 To PU'RPORT, V. A. to fiiow. To in- 
 tend. 
 
 PU'RPOSE, S. Ipropos, Fr. propoftum, 
 Lat] intention or defign. Eifedt. Confe- 
 quence. Example. Suitablenefs to the end 
 intended. 
 
 To PU'RPOSE, V. A. to intend, defign, 
 or refolve. 
 
 PUR'POGELY, Adv. with intention or 
 defign. 
 
 PU'RPRISE, S. \pourprh, old Fr. pur- 
 p'-ij'utr, low Lat.] a clofe or inclofuic j aifo 
 the v\holc compafsof a manor. 
 
 To PUR, V. N. [from the found] to mur- 
 mur like a cat when pleafed. 
 
 PURS.E, S. Ipwrs, Brit, l>ourfe, Fr.] a bag 
 in v.'hich money is kept. 
 
 To PURSE, V. A. to put into a purfe. 
 To gather up like the mouth of a purfe. 
 
 PU'RSENET, S. a net whofe mouth is 
 clofid like that ofa purfe, with a running firing. 
 
 PU'RSEPROUD, Adj. haughty on ac- 
 count of wealth. 
 
 PU'RSER, S. fin a king's (hip] is an of- 
 ficer who has the charge of the vi(flu4ls, and 
 takes care they are good, well laid up, and 
 rtoied. He keeps a lift of the fhip's compa- 
 ny, and fets dov/n exadtly the days of eadi 
 man's admittance to pay, 
 
 PU'RSINESS, PU'RSIVENESS, S. [from 
 purff] (hortnefs of breath. 
 
 PUR'SLAIN, S. [portulaca,'Lit.] a^hat. 
 
 PURSU'ABLE, Adj. fit to be purfucd. 
 
 PURSU'ANCE, S. the profecution, pro- 
 ccfs or continuation of an attempt. 
 
 PUPvSU'ANT, Adj. done in conftquence 
 of any thing. 
 
 To PURSU'E, V. A. fpurfuhrc, Fr.] 
 to chafe or follow as an enemy in order to 
 feize. To continue an attempt. To follow 
 as an example. To endeavour to attain. 
 
 FURSU'ER, S. one who follows with an 
 intention to feize. 
 
 PURSU'rr, S. lpourf:<!ic,¥r.] the aft of 
 following with an iiueiuion to take. An en- 
 I deavour
 
 PUT 
 
 /:f?xnvt<: to aftain. A profccution or continu- I 
 et-nn of a dclii^n. 
 
 I'U'RSUIVANT, S. \poiirfuiv3Kt, Fr.] 
 a ftate menenger. An attendant on an lie- 
 raid. 
 
 PC'RSY, Adj. {^ovjjlf, Fr.] fat and (liort- 
 liicathed. 
 
 PU'RTfclMANCE, S. [appurtevavci, Fr.] 
 llic pluck of an animal. 
 
 'Jo rURVE'Y, V. A. \pcurfw; Fr.] to 
 t^rovidc with convenicncics. To procure. 
 Neutevly, to l)ny prov ifio.'i.s. 
 
 rURVt-'YAMl-K, S. provifions. The ai^ 
 iif procv.Ting provifions. 
 
 PU'RVfcv OR, S. one that procures visu- 
 als. A pimp. 
 
 PU'RVIF.W, 5. [jourvni, Fr.J provifo; 
 prov;din;;clnufe. 
 
 I;L'RULENCE, PU'RULEKCy, S. \pur, 
 Lat '' the generation ot'matlcr in a wound. 
 
 PL'RULFNT, Adj. l¥x. puiuhntusy Lat ] 
 anovmdiiig wrh mitter. 
 
 PL'S, S. ! J.at.J the matter of a fore. 
 
 Trtl'USH, V. A. \por'lJ'a; Fr.l to thrnfl 
 or drive by tlirullin" with nny thing. To 
 prefs forward. To enforce or drive to a ron- 
 clufirsn. To importune or teaze. Nciuerly, ' 
 to m:.kc a tliniH, effort or attack. 
 
 rUSII, S. a thrnit with one's hand. A [ 
 forcible eifijrt or (■hu;;glc. Exidcnce ; trial, j 
 A fndden emergence. 
 
 J'L'SHER, S. on; w!io pufhes forward. 
 
 TU'SI-II-'Kt. Adj. entori^rizing ; i.fliclous. 
 
 PU'SHri>f, S. a cliild's play, wherein 
 pins are pufned a!t: rna dy. 
 
 PUSILLANI'MITY, S. {pufilhrnmite, 
 Fr.] want of cour.i}i;e; meannefs of fpirit. 
 
 PUSII.L'ANIMOUS, Adj. v .id of cou- 
 rjge. Mean fpiritcd or narro-.v minded. 
 
 PL'SlLLA'NiMOUSNtSS, S. meannefs 
 of fpirit. 
 
 PUSS, S. \pnlio, Lat. a dwarf] the common 
 anpellation for a cat. A forry woman. 
 'PU'-TULE, S. [Fr./.;^/;//d, Lat.] afmall 
 fwelling or tumour iillcd with maiter. A 
 
 filV.plc. 
 
 FUT.TULOUS, Adj. abounding in puftuks 
 or pimples. 
 
 To rUT, V. A. [/-vf/er, Dan. to plant. 
 f,^c?;i/..'f. Sclav.] to lay down or depofite. To 
 place in any fjtuation or condition. To ex- 
 pi.fe or apply. To ufe any aiflion by wh'ch 
 the ftate of any thing is changed. f o caufe 
 or introduce. To putty, tnrn off divert, or 
 thruft afide. Input dc-zur, to baffle, reprefs, 
 rrufi), degrade, bring into difufc, confute, or 
 commit to writing. To put forth, to propofe, 
 extend, emit, or exert. To put In pr^Hicc, 
 to k'x or cxcrcil'e. To put off, to pull off, or 
 lay afidc; to delay or defeat by fome_artifice 
 or excuft; to pafs off by fraud or deceit ; to 
 procraflinate ; todi card ; to obirude by falft 
 appearances or recommendations. To put oy, 
 to place at intcrelt ; to extrnguiOi, applied to 
 liont or fight j to flioot like a plant j to ex- 
 
 P Y G 
 
 tend no.m the body j to drive from or expeJ. 
 To le put to it, to perplex, diflrefs, or prefs 
 hard. To put up, to pafs by unrevenged j to 
 cxpofe to tale ; toflart; to ho.ird ; to hide. 
 loput to fi-a, im^'hes to frt fail, or begin one's 
 coiirle. To put up, to offer one's felf as a 
 canJlidate; to advance or bring o«e's felf for- 
 ward. To put vp 'With, implies to bear with- 
 out refcntni'>';. 
 
 PU r, S. an action or ftate of dir^reH:. A 
 clown i fh perfon. A g.imeat cards. A put off, 
 impliiS a (hift or cxciile. 
 
 r;J'TAGE.^S. \putain, Fr.] in law pro- 
 flitution on the woman's part 
 
 PU' IAN ISM, S. { putar^lfme, Fr.] the 
 manner of living, or trade of a proftitute. 
 
 PL'TATIVE, Adv. [putatif, Fr. from 
 p!/to, Lat.] fuppofed ; reputed. 
 
 PL?'TJ|\ Ad}.\putiilui, Lat.] mean, lew, 
 or worth lefs. 
 
 PUT'LOGS, S. fiiort pieces of timber, 
 about fiven feet h)rg, iifed in building fcaf- 
 fo'ds, lying at right angles from the wall, and 
 ferving if> bear tl.e boards on which the build- 
 ers Hand. 
 
 PU IRF.'PINOUS, Adj. I pi^tredo, lat.'] 
 flinking ; ruTtcn. 
 
 PUTUEFA'CriON, S. fFr.j the ftate of 
 gr>wing rot'en. A kind of fermentation of 
 the inteffme particles of Ijodies, which tends 
 to dfrtroy thtir form of exiflence. 
 
 PUT RKK ACTIVE, Adj [putrefaFtur, 
 Lat ] m.iking rotten. 
 
 'J"o P'JTREFY, V. A. to make rotten. 
 Ncmeriy to grow rotten. 
 
 PUTKl-'SCENCE, S. Ipntyrfco, Lat.] the 
 flate of lotting. 
 
 PUTRE'SCENT, Adj. [pulrefcots, Lat.} 
 growing n tttn. 
 
 PU' I RI D, Adj [prrtrl-Ie, Fr. putriduSy 
 Lat.] rotten, corrupt. A puf.H fever, is that 
 in which ihe luiMidurs liave fo little circula- 
 tion, that they fall into an inteftine motion 
 and putrefy. 
 
 PU'TTER, S. one that dates, propofes, 
 or places. Follov\ed by o?, an inciter or infti- 
 -ator. 
 
 PU'TTINGSTONE, S, in fome parts of 
 Scotland, ftones arc l.iid at the gates of great 
 houfes, which they call />../nV^y?o'.<,'i, for trials 
 of ftrengih. 
 
 PU'TTOCK, S. abuzzard. See Buzzard 
 
 and l^iT TERN. 
 
 PU'TTY, S. a kind of pov.-dcr on which 
 glafs is ground. A cement uild by glaziers to 
 fafVen glafs in windows. 
 
 'Jo PUZZhE. V. A. [from pnfihy oi 
 f.ofi\ to perplex or confound with difticulties, 
 Fo make intricate. 
 
 FU'ZZLE, S. embarrafrment ; perplexity. 
 
 PY'GARO, S. a bird. 
 
 PYGMFl'AN, Adj. [from pyg'r.e] like a 
 pygmy. Helonging to a pygmy. 
 
 py'GMY, S. [pyg'T.ie, Fr.] a perfon be- 
 longing to a nation formerly fabled to be only a| 
 
 three ' ■■
 
 P Y R 
 
 Mrce fpans liig'i, :ind to bave been clevoiired 
 i'y cranff. A dwarf, or very ftuvt perion. 
 
 PYLO'RUS, S, [TTuXiWfO?, Gr.J tbc lower 
 i fHce of the Ooinach. 
 
 PY'RA?vlIi:>, S. [pyrain'uk, Fn fyramh, 
 Lac] in j;eometn', a fblid (tacding on a 
 i.;ua:e or po!yj>onai liads, and terniiiidting at 
 chetop in a point. The pyrdmids of Kpypt, 
 the Innial pl.ce of their kings are famous Loth 
 for their height and magniiiide. 
 
 PY'RAiMIDTAL, PV'RAMIOICAL, Adj., 
 reicmhlin^j. oi- in the form of a pyramid. 
 
 f'Y'KAMlS, S. a pyramiJ. 
 
 PYRE, S. a pile to be burnt, A funeral 
 pile. 
 
 PYRET'ICKS, S. [ot.etcc, Gr.] medi- 
 cines which cures fevers. 
 
 PYR&:TO'LOGY, S. [-nvfi-roq, and J13- 
 j/ii,] a treatife on fevtrs. 
 
 PYRl'TKS, S. \%v:-, Gr.jfreeflone. 
 
 PY'RO:UA^>ICY, 'S. Lwyf=(«o!.T£.a, Or.] 
 divination bv fire. 
 
 PYROTE'CUXICAL, Adj. [pyrctedrAc^ue, 
 Fr. from ^yroiechntik^ eu.giged or Ikilful i;i 
 fireworks. 
 
 PYROTE'CNICKS, S. [wuo and tiyfu, 
 Gr.J the art of employing fire to ulc or plea- 
 fure ; the art of fireworks 
 
 PYR'RHOMSM, S. [from Pyrho, the 
 founder of the fcepdcsj fcepticifm or uiiivcr- 
 u\ doubt. 
 
 PYX, S. [pyxis, Lat.] the box in" which 
 the Romans uicd to keep tlieholt. Pieces of 
 coin prefcrved in a box after every coinage ; 
 hence tbe trial of the pyx, implies the trial of 
 fuch pieces as have been refei vcd in a box in 
 Weflniinrter Abbey lor tliat purpofe. 
 
 Q_U A 
 
 QA confonint, the fixtecnth letter of 
 the alphabet; called cue, f.om the 
 ^ French ^uelic, or tail, it being as 
 O with a tail to it. In the Goiliic alphabet, 
 it is in the form of an O, with a dot in the 
 middle, 'i hough it had a pi ice in the Saxon 
 alphabet, yet they generally fubdituted oiv in 
 its room, fpellinij civelL'n, Sax. to quell or 
 kill in that manner. In F.nglilh, ic is al- 
 ways followed by a u, and founded not un- 
 like CIV, excepting in ijwJt, which is pro- 
 nounced coit, as in the French, from whence 
 it is I)orrowed. 
 
 QUAB, S. a fort of fifh. 
 
 To QUACK, V. N. [quackcn, Bclg.] to 
 cry like a duck ; in this fenfe it is often writ- 
 ten quacke, to exprefs the found better. To 
 chatter loudly and boadingly. 
 
 QyA( K, S, a perfon who pretends to arts 
 which he does not undcrfland,' generally ap- 
 plied to ignorant pretenders in phyiic. 
 
 /.VLIAC L<.K.Y, S. the practice of phyfic 
 M'ithout jiijgmentor knowledge. 
 
 QUA'CKSALVER, S, 011c who brags of 
 
 Q^U A 
 
 ;rnedicines or falves ; a n-.cuntcbank ; a medL 
 Cdlfer. 
 
 {^'A'DR A, S. a word ufcd in compofition, 
 I from y«rf(/VuKj, Lat. fignifyin'' four. 
 I qL'ADRAGE'SIAIAL, A^'j. [Fr.J Lci;- 
 j ten ; belonpug to, or perfui nied in Lent 
 I QUiVUR /i.NGLE.S. {^luodrat^^t and ar,- 
 \gului, Lat. J a fqi-.arej a circle with four ri"ht 
 1 angles. 
 
 I QI'ADR A'-VGULAR, Adj. fquare, h^vin^ 
 fov!r right angles. 
 
 j QL'A'DRANr, S. \':^uadra«z. Lit.] the 
 f«urtbpart; the quarter j a quarter of icir- 
 icle. An Inftrument containing the fourt!* 
 I part of a c.rcle, with which aititaJi.i are niea- 
 i faired. 
 
 j QL^ADRA'NTAL, Adj. ir.ckded in the 
 ' fourth part of a circle. 
 
 QUA'DRATE, Adj. Iqvadraiui, Lat.] 
 fjuare, or having fourequal and piirallelliJfs ; 
 divifiule into four equal parts, htiited j aprli- 
 cable ; ufcd with to. 
 
 QU.VDRATE, S. a fquareor Rirfacehav^ 
 ing lour cqnai and parallel lides. In aftroi- 
 logy, ah uipca of the heavenly bodies, in 
 which they are diflant 90 degrees from each 
 other. 
 
 To QUATRATE, V. N. \ quadrat us-, 
 Lat.J to fuit; or be accommodated j foiiovvcd 
 by ivitb, 
 
 QLMDRA'TICK, Adj. four fquaie j be- 
 longing CO a fquare. 
 
 QUA'DRATICK e.^i.au^r.i, fi:ch as re- 
 tain on the unknown l;de, the fqujie of the 
 loot or the number fought. - 
 
 (^lA'DRATURE, S. [Fr.] the a<ff of 
 rqu..iing. Thefirftand lad qinarters of the 
 moi'ii. The liate of being fqiiare. 
 
 QU.VDRIBLE, Adj. that m;,y be fquared. 
 CLUADRI'ENNIAL, Adj. \quadncr:r:ium, ' 
 Lat.J containing four years ; hapcning every 
 founh year. 
 
 QUA'DRIFIFD, Adj. [^uadnf,dh, Lat.] 
 cloven into four parts. 
 
 QL'ApRlLA'TFRAL, Adj. \quadrdaUrc, 
 Fr.] having four fides. 
 
 QUADRILA'TERALNE^S, S. the pro- 
 party of having four right-lined (ides 
 
 QUA'DRILLE, S. [Fr.J a game at cards. 
 QIJA'D.'<IN, S. [quadiinui, Lat.] a mite : 
 a fniall piece of money, in value about a far- 
 thing. 
 
 C^iA'DRINOMICAL, Adj. [qatuor zx^6. 
 r.omen, Lat.J coiihlliiig of four denomina- 
 tions. 
 
 QUA'DRIPARTITE, Adj. [quatuor w6. 
 partiivi, Lat.J having tour parties j divided 
 into four parts. 
 
 QUA'DaiPARTITF.LY. Adv. [fr.m 
 quadripait'trVin a quadrip-iipite didiibiilion. 
 
 QLADKIPARTF riON, ,s. adivilion Sy 
 four, or the taking the iuurth part of any 
 quantity or number. 
 
 Q^'ADKIPY'LLOUS, Ad'. [ya«n/cr and 
 ■fVX'/.ov] having four leaves. 
 
 Ql'A-
 
 Q^U A 
 
 QUADRTRE'ME, S, [^uad,;,wis, Lat.] 
 a galley with four banks of oars. 
 
 QUADRISY'LL^BLE, S. [quatuor :ini 
 JjllabU] a word of four fyllables. 
 
 QUADRIVA'LVES, S. [quatuor zn& v^l- 
 ia, Lat.] doors with four fold?. 
 
 QUADRI'VIAL. Adj. [quadnuhm, Lat.j 
 having four ways meeting in a point. 
 
 QUA'DRUPED, S. \quadrv.pdi, Fr. qua- 
 irupts, Lat] an animal that goes on four 
 feet. 
 
 QUA'DRUPLE, Adj. [Fr.] four-fold. 
 To QIlADRU PLICATE, V. A. \qua- 
 drupUco, Lat.] to double twice ; to make 
 fourfold. 
 
 QUADRUPLICA'TION, S. [from qua- 
 druplicate] the t.iking a thing four times. 
 
 QUADRUPLY, Adv. [from quadrupk] 
 to a fourfold quantity. 
 
 QUi^'RE, V. A. [Lst.] enqnire; fceU. 
 A word made ufeof when a queftion is put. 
 
 To QUAFF, V. A. [coeffcr, Fr. to be 
 drunk] to fwalJow in large draughts. To 
 drinlc much. 
 
 To QU.VFFER, V. N. to feel out. 
 QUAGGY, Adj. iquag.] hogg'^. ^ 
 
 QLIA'GMIRE, S. [i. e. qujk]r.g mire, 
 ahog which trembles under one's feet. 
 
 QUAIL, S. a bird of game, perhaps fo 
 called from its mournful cry. 
 
 To QUAIL, V. N. [quelen, Eelg.] to lan- 
 guifli, or grow difpirited. 
 
 QUAINT, Adj. [coba, Fr, csw^.-kj, Lnt.] 
 nice, exact toexcefs. Subtilty contrived, fint- 
 fpun, affected. 
 
 QUAl'NTLY, Adv. nicely ; exaflly ; odd. 
 QUAl'NTNESS, S. petty elegance ; od 
 dlty. 
 
 ToQTlAKE, V.N, [ciuacsn. Sax.] to 
 (hake or tremi)le with cold or fear. To Ihake 
 with the leall jog or motion. 
 
 QU.AKE, S. a ihudder, or trembling mo 
 tion. 
 
 QU.\'KERS, S. [fo called from the extraor 
 dinury agitations they were under when moved, 
 as they fay by the fpirit] a religious fedt 
 that arofe d'uriog the interregnum, and founded 
 by George Fox. Their particular tenets are 
 built on Scripture mifunderftood, and conlid 
 in believing that every perfon is at prefent in- 
 fpired in ihc fame manner as the Apoftles ; 
 hence they rejeft a (landing miniltry, and 
 hold, that no one is authorized to preach, 
 nnlefs immediately infpired by the Holy 
 Ghoft ; they reject the facraments of bap- 
 tifm and the Lord's fupper as outwardly admi- 
 niflered ; hold oaths on any occafion unlaw- 
 ful ; are extremely plain in their apparel, as 
 well as in their language; look on payment 
 oftythesas inconfiflent with the gofpel, and 
 ar-e remarkably fimple, and in general juft in 
 their dealings. 
 
 QLALIFICA'TTON, S. [Fr.] that which 
 makes any perfot or thing fit. An accom- 
 plilhment. 
 
 Q^U A 
 
 To QUA'LIFY, V. A. [qu^Il/er, Fr.-} 
 to render fit for any thingor employment. To 
 abate, foften, or diminiib. To modify. 
 
 QUA'LITY, S. [qua/ite', Fr. quaUtas, 
 Lat.] that wliich occafions a thi.Tg to p-fivft' 
 our fenfes in a particular manner. A property 
 or accident Difpofition or temper. Virtue 
 or vice. Charatfter. Accomplifhment. Rank.- 
 Kobiiitv. 
 
 QLIALM, S [c-^vMlm, Sax. death] a fud-< 
 dcri ht of fickncfs or languor. 
 
 QUALMISH, Adj. feized with qualmifli- 
 ncfs. 
 
 QUA'KDARY, S. \quen di-a! je, Fr. 
 what fhall I fay about it ? ) a doubt; a Hate 
 of perplexity snd uncertainty. 
 
 QUANTITY, S. [qusitii/, Fr. quantltasi 
 Lat. I that property of a thing which anf'.vers 
 to the queftion, hotu rrucb ? that which cm 
 be increafed or diminilhed. In grammar, the 
 Tcngth oif time ufcd in pronouncing a fyila.. 
 ble. 
 
 QTTA'NTUM, S. [Lat.] quantity; or a- 
 mount. " The y;/a«*am of merit.'' Swift. 
 
 QUA'RANFAIN, Ql'A'RANTINE, S. 
 [qtiaramain, Fr.] the fpace of forty days 
 which a Ihip's crew, ciming from p'acos al-^ 
 fected with the pUgue, is obliged to obferve 
 without intercourfe or commerce with o- 
 ihers. 
 
 To QUARREL, V. N. \quercUer, Fr.] 
 to debate, difpate, or fall into variance. 
 
 QUA'RREL, S. a ftate of variance. A 
 ffate wherein two or moie perfons rruiually 
 accnfe, conteft or fight with each other. A 
 caufe of enmity, 
 
 QUA'RRELLER, S. [from quarrel] he 
 who quairels. 
 
 QUA'RP.ELLOUS, Adj. [quarrelleux, Fr.] 
 petulant; ealiiv provoked to enmity, 
 
 Qt_'A'RRl".LSOME, Adj. inclined to 
 brawls ; eafilv provoked. 
 
 QlJA'R.P.ELiOMEN;-SS, S. petulance} 
 choleiicknefs. 
 
 Ql'A'RRY, S. [qvarre', Fr.] a fqunre. 
 Gime flown at by a hawk, from qufir, Fr^ 
 or iiirrv. A mine whence ftones are dug. 
 
 ToQlJA'RRY, V.N. [irom the nouii] 
 to prey upon. 
 
 QUA'RRYMAN', S. [quany and rrjn>i] 
 one who digs in a quarry. 
 
 QUART, S. [Fr.] the fourth part of a g-iU 
 Ion. A veife! which holds the fourth part of 
 a gallon. 
 
 QUARTAN, S. \fdns quartar.a^ Lat.] an 
 afue happening every other day. 
 ^QUARTA'iTON, S. [qua'-tm, Lat.] aa 
 operation made by refiners, wherein a fourth. 
 part of gold, and three parts of lilvcr are coni- 
 pounded. 
 
 QUA'RTRR. S. \ quirt, qi'^rtitr, Fr.]' 
 A region of the TkI-s, alluding to the feamen's 
 card, or the four points of the. horizon. A 
 particular part of a town or court' ry. The 
 place where foldiers ftand or are lodged. A 
 » pr per
 
 Q^U E 
 
 Q.U £ 
 
 proper nation. Mcrcj", or pnrdon of life 
 fliown by a conqueror. A meafure of eight 
 buP-iels. A part of a (biOC, which makes up 
 one fide of the hetl, and contains the (trap 
 which holds the buckle. A clift or chink in 
 a horfe's hoof from top to bottom. 
 
 To <^f.VRT£R, V. A. to divide into 
 four par's. To break by force. To flation 
 or lods;e foldiers. '1 o feed cr diet. To bear 
 as an addition to one's hereditary arms. 
 
 Q.UA'RT£RAGE. S. a quateily allow- 
 ance. 
 
 QUA'R.TER-DAY, S. one of ihedaysby 
 which the year is divided into four parts, and 
 on which rents are paid. 
 
 QUA'RTERDhCK, S. the fliort upper 
 deck of a fhip. 
 
 QUA'R i ERLY, Adj. contai.-.in"; a fourth 
 part. 
 
 Ql^A'RTERLY, Adv. once in a quarter 
 •f a year. 
 
 QUARTERMASTER. S. one who re- 
 gulates the qu.ntci s or lodj^ings of foldiers. 
 
 CHJA'RThRN, S. agili.orthefounh purtl 
 of a pint. I 
 
 (i.UA'RTERSTAFF, S. a ftafTof defence,! 
 fo called from the manner of ufing it, one| 
 hand being placed on tlie middle, and the. 
 other half way between that and the end. | 
 
 QL'A'RTILE, S, an afped of the planets, | 
 when they are three ligps, or 90 degree dif-j 
 tant from each other. | 
 
 QUA'R ro, S. \par.-,, Lat] the fize of ' 
 a book in wliich a Iheet is doubled fo as to! 
 contain four leaves. 
 
 To Ql'ASH, V. A. \^ua/cn Belg /^.-.vi-l 
 {Jure, Itai. qi^affh, Lac] to crufh by fqueti- 1 
 ing. To fubdue fuddenly. To r.uke void 
 or annul, from 'capis, Lat. j 
 
 To QUA'SSATK, V. N. [quajjktum, Lat.] 
 to Ihake or brandilh. 
 
 QL'ASoA'TlON, S. a brandifliing or fhak- 
 >ng- 
 
 QUATE'RNARY, S. [Lat.] the number 
 four I 
 
 qirARTE-'RNON, S. [qi,ate,nlo, Lat.]! 
 the;, umber 4. 
 
 QUA'TTAIM, S. [y.va.'/vr//-, Fr.] a ftanza! 
 conlifung of four lines. ! 
 
 CiJJA'VER, S. a note in mafic, two ofi 
 which make a crotchet, I 
 
 ToQUA'VER, V, N. \ewavan, Sax.] to I 
 (hake the voice ; to fpeak or fing wii;h a tre-| 
 mulous voice. To (liake ; to vibrate. ] 
 
 QU.'iY, S. \_quai, Fr.J a key or artificaP 
 bank on a fea or river, whereon goods are ! 
 landed, I 
 
 QL'EAN, S. a worthlefs woman or flrum- 
 
 QUEA'SINESS, S. [quea'y] the ficknefsi 
 of a naufeated flomach. 
 
 _Qyt.'A^Y, Adj. [quetdcn, r.clg.] fick 
 Willi naufeoufnefs. Squeamilh j caui.ng nau- 
 icoufneis. 
 
 QUEBEC, S. the capital of the province 
 
 I 
 
 of Sanguenay, and of all Canada, in North 
 .America : ;il;o the fee of a bishop. It lies at 
 the jun(;tion of the river St. Laurence and 
 "^t. Charles or the httle river, and on the N. 
 lide of the former, being about 140 lejgues 
 dillant from the fea. It has a large haven, 
 capable of conta'ning im fhips of the line. 
 Here the river St. Laurence (brinks from a 
 breadth of four le.igues to that of a fingle 
 mile : and hence the reafm of the name of 
 the town. Below the town is acafcade called 
 the Leap of Montmorency, and at the en- 
 trance of the li'tle channel of the ifle of Or- 
 leans fild to be forty (eet liigh, and thirty 
 broad, thoinih caufed by an inconfiderable 
 brook. A little above this is the city; Ijiit 
 between that and the Kle of Orleans is a 
 bafon a full le igue every way, into which 
 the river St. Charles emp:ies itfelf from the 
 N. W. fo that CNiebcc (hinds between the 
 mouMi of that river and Cape Diamant At 
 the fir(i building ofthe town in r6:!?, thctids 
 cime quite up to it ; but (ince that, the river 
 I hath funk and le("c :i dry large fpot on which 
 j the lo.ver town is hti^lr, at the foot of a rocky 
 I mountain, and eight fathom high. This ii 
 j mofUy inhabited by merchant,, \'ji]tit is too 
 , much crowded, and defended by a plittortn 
 [about the middle, level with the water, and 
 I commanding all vefTcls that go and come- 
 The way iri.m the lower town to the higher is 
 iietp. Thislart has noble edifices, :;s churclics, 
 palaces, &c efpecially the houfeof the Knights 
 Ho(pita!:erf, a (tons huilding, with two flTtely 
 pivillions, and faid to have coft 40,000 livTc«. 
 but unf.nilhed. Tiie cathedral, which is 
 clumfey, and in a mean ftyle, has a large, 
 high, and well-built tower, ken at a grcb.t 
 dlllance. This is the refirence of the Vice- 
 roy of Canada, who (tiles himfclf Governor 
 and Captain General of New France and 
 Loiiiruna,withafahryof about 12,000 crowns 
 belidss prefents, perquidtc;, 8<.c. Befides the 
 lower and higher towns, there is another 
 beyond the latter, on the banks of the river 
 St. Charles, .iiong which there are feveral 
 noble country feats, &c. Cuebic has a caftle 
 on the brow of a hill, about forty fathom 
 above the town, but irregularly l5ui!t, and 
 fn-tilied with only two baifions, and no ditch 
 towards the town, the garrifon being incon- 
 lidcrable. It has alfo another fort on Cape 
 Diamant, a folid lock, which is 4Q0 fathom 
 high, with only (ome tew works and redoubts 
 commanding both it and the tov.-n : but the 
 place owes it llrength more to nature than 
 art ; and yet it fcems not to be very tenable. 
 About the middle of the year 1760 the Bri- 
 t;!h troops under General Wolfe, though 
 with the iofs of that gallant young officer in 
 the beginning of the action, took this place; 
 and Brigadier Murray, whocf^mmanded after- 
 wards ill the town, went out to meet a (Irong 
 body of the French from M-»ntreal, who 
 were coming to attack Quebec, in which 
 
 encounter
 
 Q^U E 
 
 Q^U I 
 
 encounter many lives werclofl on both ncle<;, 
 our men then retiring within Qjiehec : but 
 Aiimivil Lord Colviiic, appearing in the 
 liver St. Laurence, the French leireatcd to 
 Montreal with the uCir.oft precipitation : and 
 ibon after tliat, fiencral inherit cominj; up 
 by land from the Briiifli colonies, took Mon- 
 treal uj-pu t!ie Tiirrendvr of the French com- 
 mander, witlioiit {hikiu:^ a blow ; io that 
 this Country is novv altogether in the pof- 
 ^jfefTion of the Englifh, Ciuebec lies 300 
 miles N. W of Bolton in New kngiand. 
 X.at. 47 deg. 3<; miu. N. Long. 47 dog. 10 
 ruin. W. 
 
 To QUECK, V. N. to fl-irink ; to fiiow 
 pain. 
 
 QUEEN, ?. [-yvvti, Gr."] a womsn invefted 
 ■with fovtreign command. 1"hc wife of a 
 king. A pictured card painted with the fi- 
 gure of atjueen. 
 
 QUEEN, V.N. t» play the queen. 
 
 Q^JL'fiN'- APPLE, or QUEENING, S. 
 a fpccies of apple. 
 
 QUEER, Adj. odd ; ftrange ; particular. 
 
 QUEE'REY, Adv. particularly ; oddly. 
 
 qT'E--'i<NES, S. oddntfs i particularity. 
 
 QUE'LST, S. \qucjtus, Lat.J a ring-dove j 
 akiiid of wild pii;con. 
 
 To QUELlVv, a. [civciLin, Sax. to 
 killl to iubdue or Ciulh ; originally to kill. 
 Neutely, to die. 
 
 QUELLER, S. [from quell] one that 
 crulhcs or fui^dues. 
 
 QUELQUECHOSE, [Fr.J a trifie, a 
 kicklluw. 
 
 ToQUEiME, V. N. to pleafe. 
 
 To QUENCH, V. A. [fzvemcn. Sax.] to 
 extinguilh lire, allay thirft, or Hill any paf- 
 fjan. Neuteriy, to cool ; lo grow cool. 
 
 QUE'NCIiABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 exiiiigUilhed, nllayed, or appcafcd. 
 
 oDE'NCHLESS, Adj. not to be extin- 
 guilhrd. 
 
 QV'E'i'lELE, S. [t?ucre!j, Lat. c^iu-reUc, 
 Fr.J a complaint to a court. 
 
 QUE'RENT, S. frutic'w, Lat ] the com- 
 plainant ; the plaiatiir. 
 
 OUE'RIMONIOUS, Adj. [juniinonia, 
 Lat. j tpierulous ; coniplaiuin;:. 
 
 Ql'ERlMO'NIOUSLY, Adv. [from que- 
 rimji-lo'-~s I ijoernlouily wiih complaint. 
 
 QUERlMO'NiOUSNtSS, S. [from quc- 
 riKoifkus] complaining temper. 
 
 QUE'Ri^T, S. [quero, Lat.] one that 
 propofes a qiicftien ; an enquirer. 
 
 OUE.RN, S. [rzi'orn, Sax.] a hnndmil'. 
 
 QLTKRPO, S. I corrupted from fiWcvio, 
 Span. J a clofe-bodicd coat or waiUcoat. 
 
 QUE'RRV, for EQUERRY, S. .cvyc; 
 Fr.J a groom belonging to a prince, or one 
 convcrfant in the king's Ibhkb. 
 
 QUERULOUS, Adj. [yuentlus, Lat.] 
 mourning; habitually complaining. 
 
 (^•UE'RULOUSNESS, S. habit or cuality 
 of cc/ii-.plainbg mournlully. 
 
 QUE'R Y, S. [quare, Lat. [ a queftion, ot 
 enquTy which wants a foliition. 
 
 To QUE'RY, V. A. to afk queflions. 
 
 T0QUE6E, V. A, [of ^ucej.-tus, Lat.]tf> 
 fcaich after. 
 
 (VrJhST, S. (p/rp, Fr.] theaftof feck- 
 ing. An impannclledjwy ; contracted from 
 inqiiiji An examination. 
 
 'lo QUEST, V. N. [que'tcy, Fr ] to go 
 in feaich. 
 
 QUE'STANT, S.fctket; endfavcurcra ter. 
 .^ QC'ESIJON.S. [Fr quifno, Lat J any 
 tiling propofcd to be examii.cd, anlweVed, or 
 dcl<;,,ed. The fuLjcffi of debate. A doubt. 
 A trial. 
 
 'Jo QUESTION, V. A. to afk, • : it«, 
 or doubt of the truth of any thing < 
 
 QUF.'STJON.-.i;LE, Adj. liable to doubt 
 or difputc. 
 
 QU'E'STIONARY, .^dj. [from qucfi\cn'\ 
 enquiring , arming qucftions. 
 
 QL'ESTIONA 1 NES<:, S. [from ^uej- 
 tkr.\ thequaliryof being quefliorub.'e. 
 
 .QUESTIONER, 6. [from qu.fmnl an 
 enqi:irer, 
 
 QUE'STIONLESS, Adv. certainly ; with- 
 out doubt. 
 
 QU'E'bTMAN, QL^E'STMONGER, S. 
 ftaitier of law-fuits or proftcutions. 
 
 QUE'STRIST, S. [from qucfi-] feeker ; 
 purluer. 
 
 QUE'STUARY, Adj. [from qucrfius, Lat.] 
 fiudious (if profit. 
 
 QUJB, S. a far^rafm ; a bitter taunt. 
 
 QXm'BBLE, S. [qmdhUt, Lat.] a low 
 conceit founded on the mere found of words, 
 which l;em alike when pronounced, but have 
 difltrcnt meanings. 
 
 To Ql'IIiBLE, V. N. to pt:n, equivocate, 
 or play on the mere found of words. 
 
 QUl'BSLER, S. apiinfler. 
 
 QL'KK, Adj. [fii'iV, Sax qukk, quiche^ 
 old 'lent.] living, oppofed to dead. Swift, 
 oppofed to liovv. Spitdv, oppi.j'ed to delay. 
 A<^tive, nimble or :(ri;:i-,ily. 
 
 QUICK, Adv. in a n.mblc, f]cedy, or 
 ready manner. 
 
 QUICK, S. a live animal. The living 
 flelh or fcnfiblc parts. 
 
 QUIC'KBEAM, S. {qukbcam. Sax.] the 
 Irilh a(h, or forb. 
 
 To QL'I'CKEN, V. A. [rwfMn, Sax.j 
 to make alive. To liaflen. lo actuate or 
 excite Neuteriy, to become alive. 
 
 QUl'CKENi R, S. one uho makes alive j 
 that which accelerates or a£luatcs. 
 
 QUI'CK-LIME, S. lime not quenched with 
 water 
 
 QUl'CKLY, Adv.fpcedily; nimbly. 
 
 Q^Ui'CKNE^S, S. fpeed. Swiftncfs. Ac- 
 tivity. Senfibility. Sharpncfs. 
 
 QUI'CKSAND, S. a moving fand. 
 
 ToQUl'CKSEr, V. A. to fet with liv- 
 ing plants. 
 
 QUICKSET, S. a plant tliat will grow. 
 QL'iCK-
 
 au 1 
 
 a.u I 
 
 t^ICKSI'GHTED, A^j. feeing foon and 
 far. 
 
 QUICKSILVER, S. a fluid mineral, the 
 heavieft .;f all known bodies next to gold, 
 ofthe c&iciir of lilver, and lb fr.bi'e that it 
 penetrate^ the paif; of all other metals, renders 
 them brittle-, and partly difiolve'; them. 
 
 QVL'DDAiyY,S. Iquidden, German] con- 
 fe<n'.on of quinces made with fugar ; marma- 
 lade. 
 
 Ql'I'DDIT, S. [from quidlVjet, Lat.or qui 
 dit, Fr.J a R''-illry or equivocation. 
 
 CH.'I'Dul ry, S. [quiddifas, low Lat.] a 
 tviflino; nicety, or cavil. 
 
 QUIE'SCiiNCE, S. [quuf.ens, Lat.] a flate 
 of reih 
 
 , QUIE'SCENT, Adj. at reft ; not chang- 
 ing place. 
 
 QUI' FT, Adj. [quk'in, Lst.] flill ; free 
 from dillurbance, motion, paflion, or Itrife. 
 Smooth. 
 
 QITI'ET, S. [qmes. Let.] a Hate where- 
 in a thing is not moved cv diflurbed. Not 
 noify. 
 
 To QIU'ET, V. A. to calm ; or make 
 filent. 
 
 QUI'ETER, S. the perfon or thing that 
 quiets. 
 
 QUI'ETISM, S. the do^rine of the Qui- 
 etills, who hold an apathy, or abfolute tran- 
 quility of mind. 
 
 QUl'ETLY, Adv. without noif^, difturb- 
 ance, motion, or refinance. 
 
 Oyi'ETNESS, S. a ftateof mind free from 
 the turbulence of palTion. 
 
 QUI'ETSOME, Adj. cafy, freefrom noife. 
 QL'l^ETUDE, S. rcpofc or tranquillity. 
 ** I'hJs quietude of mind." Wctton. 
 
 QUILL, S. \kuhl, XeaX.caulh, Lat. a ftalk] 
 the hard fhong feather of a wing with which 
 pens are made. A pen. The dart of a por- 
 cupine. A reed on which weavers wind their 
 tlireads. 
 
 QUILT, S. [co-uerte, Fr. Mcht, Belg. cul- 
 cita, Lat.] a cover made by ftitching one 
 cloth over another with fome fofi fubltance 
 between them. 
 
 To QUILT, V. A. to ditch onec'oth over 
 another with fome foft fubftance between 
 them. 
 
 QUFNARY, Adj. \quinarks, Lat.] con- 
 fining of five. 
 
 QL'INCE, S. [coin,Yr. quidden, Teut.] a 
 fruit fomev.hat lefembling a pear." 
 
 To QUINCH, V. N. to ftir ; to fiounce 
 as in rcfentment or pain. 
 
 QL'INCUNCIAL, Adj. [£wm quhc:!rx] 
 linvin;; the form of a quincunx. 
 
 QL'rNCUNX, S. Lat.] %f;,\-r/?.-.v order 
 is a plantation of trees, difpofcd originally in 
 a fqujre, conlifring of five trees, one at e.ich 
 *(Mner and a fifth in the middle, which dif- 
 puiition, repeated again and ag;:in, forms a 
 rcjiular urove, wood or wildernefs. 
 
 Ql-'!Nqi:AGE'31MA, S. [L;'.t.] a Suq- 
 
 day To called, becaufe it is the fiftieth day be* 
 fore Eafler, reckoned in whole nuijbers. 
 Shrove Sunday. 
 
 QUINQUA'NGULAR, Adj. Iqmnqueand. 
 ar.q-ulus, L.U.] havinv; five corners. 
 
 'QUINQUARTI'CULAR, Adj. [quirifue 
 and . rticu/us, Lat.] confifting of five articles. 
 
 QUl'NQUKFID, Adj [quinque zndfdus, 
 I. at J cloven into five leaves. 
 
 QLUNQUE'KNIAL, Adj. [quhquenvis, 
 Lat. J lafling five years; iuppening once ia 
 five veafs, 
 
 QUI'N'CY, S. fcorrupted Crom fqninancyl 
 an inflammatory fwelliiig in the throat. 
 
 QLTIMT, S. [Fr,] a fcqucnce of five cards 
 of the fame colour. 
 
 QUI'NTAIN, S. [Fr.] a poll with a turn- 
 ing top. 
 
 QUl'NTAL, S. [q. d. centale, of fM^w, 
 Lat ] an hundred pound weight, 
 
 QUrNTESSEN E, S.[fomet!mes accent- 
 ed on the fecond fyllable, quhuaejjlntia, Lat. J 
 a fifth being ; an extraft of any thing, con- 
 taining all its virtues. ' 
 
 QUINTE'SSENTIAL, Adj. confiftingof 
 quintefTence. 
 
 QUI'NTIN, S. [falusquintanus, Lat. quirf 
 tain, Fr.] an upright poll on the top of which. 
 is a crofs turned round on a pin, having a 
 broad bonrd with a heavyfand-bagon one end; 
 the perfon playing at the g.ame ufed to Ilrlke 
 the broad beard with his lance, and endea- 
 vour to pafs by before the fand-bag could 
 (Irike him, in its revolution, on the back. 
 
 QL'I'NTUPLE, Adj. {quintuplus, Lat.J 
 five told. 
 
 QUIP, S. [derived from <ivhip\ a fharp jeft 
 or taunt. 
 
 To QUIP, V. A. to rally with bitter far- 
 cafms. 
 
 QUIRE, S. [chceur, Fr. choro, Ital, chorus, 
 Lat.] a body of fingers, or a chorus. 7 hat 
 part of a church where fervice is fung. A 
 bundle of paper, confiding of twenty- four 
 fheets, from cabdr, Fr. 
 
 To QUIRE, V. N. to fing in concert. 
 '• Sailing to the young-eyed cherubims." 
 
 QUI'RISTER, S. one who fings in con- 
 cert, particuhrly applied to divine fervice. 
 
 QL'!R-K, S. a quick ftroke or (harp fit. A 
 fmart taunt. An artful diftincflion. 
 
 To QUIT, V. A. [part, paff quit, prcter. 
 I ba-vcquit or quitted'^ to difcharge an obliga- 
 tion or duty. To make even. To fctfree 
 or difcharge from. To perform. To clear si 
 debt. To ab<i«iuon or forfake. To refign or 
 give up. 
 
 QUI'TCH -GRASS, S. [c'zvki, Sax.] dog- 
 graf>;. 
 
 C>LnTE, AJv. [quhrc, Fr. free ; hence 
 the original exprefTion, quite and clean, \. c. 
 with a clean riddance] entirely ; pCiftdlly j 
 completely. 
 
 Ddi 
 
 QUIT-
 
 Q^U O 
 
 QUIT-RENT, S a fmall rent paiJ yearly ( 
 in token of fubjedion to the lord of the 
 manor. 
 
 QUITS, Tnterj. a word nfed when any 
 thing is repaid, or the oppofite parties in a 
 game are even. 
 
 QUI'TTANCE, S. [^uhtaKce, Fr.]zd\i:- 
 charge from debt or obligaiion. A return or 
 recomfience. 
 
 QlirTTER, S. a deliverer. The fcoria 
 of tin. 
 
 QUI'TTERBONE, S. a hard round fwel- 
 jng, on the coronet, between the heel and 
 tlie quarter. 
 
 QUi'VER, S. [corrupted from f9ui/r?r, Fr. 
 to cover] a cafe for arrows. 
 
 QUI'VER, Adj. nimble, or aftive. «' A 
 «' little ^r/zT'i';- fellow." Shak. Obfolete. 
 
 To QUI'VER, V. N. to play to and fro 
 with a trembling n-otion. To Ihake, (liiver, 
 or (hudder with cold or fear. 
 
 QUrVERED, Adj. furniflied with, or 
 placed in a quiver. 
 
 To OyOB, V. N. to move as the embryo 
 does in the womb. 
 
 QUC'DLIBET, S. [Lat.] a nice point or 
 fubtilty. 
 
 QUODLIBETA'RIAN, S [^uodBet, Lcit.] 
 one who talks or difputes on any fubjeft. 
 
 QUODLISE'TIC.AL, Adj. [quodliiet, 
 Lat. J not retrained to a particular lubjecl. 
 
 QlIOiF, or COIF, S. [coeffe, Fr.] a cap. 
 Particularly applied to that worn by a fcr- 
 jeant at law. 
 
 QIJOI'FFURE, S. [caffure, Fr.] head- 
 drefs. " Her quoiffure.''' Addlf. 
 
 (^OIN, S. f«!n, Fr.] a corner. An in- 
 ftrument uied in raifing warlike engines. 
 
 QUOITS, or COITS, S. a game played by 
 tTirowing any thing from one (fated point to 
 another. 
 
 To QUOIT, V. N. to play at quoits ; to 
 throw from place to place, Ad^lively, to 
 throw. 
 
 QUO'NDAAI, S. [Lat.] having been for- 
 merly. 
 
 QUO'RUM, S. ffrom quorum, the firft 
 word in the commifiiin] a bench of juflices ; 
 one in a commifTion without whom the reft 
 cannot aift. 
 
 QUO'TA, S. \quQtia, Lat.] a (hare or pro- 
 portion. 
 
 QITOTA'TION, S. [from qi,ote\ the acl 
 of producing the pafTage of an author, either 
 to iilufti'ate or confirm. A pa.Tige produced 
 from feme author. 
 
 To QUOTE, V. A. {qitcter, Fr.] to cite 
 apaflnge from an author. 
 
 QUO'TER, S. he that cites. 
 
 QUOTH, V. Imperf. [from civltham, 
 Goth, civihoi,:, Sax. gl:c':dan,\^tvL to fpeak 
 or fay] he fays or fiid; though fometimes ap- 
 plied to' the firft perfon, st% quo'h I. 
 
 QUOTI'DIAN, Adj. [quotidianus, Lat,] 
 happening every day. Daily. 
 
 R A C 
 
 QUOTI'DIAN, S. a fever that rcturr.5 
 every day. 
 
 QUO TIENT, S. [Fr. quoties, Lat.] tlic 
 number which (hews how often a fmallcr 
 number is contained in a greater, or how often 
 the divifor is contained in the dividend. 
 
 R. 
 
 The feventeenth letter of the alpha- 
 bet, is called a canine letter, bccaufc 
 ^ the pronunciation of it refernbles the 
 fnarllng of a dog. The form of die capital in 
 the Roman, Gothic, and Saxon, is alike, but 
 that of the fmall letter, both in the Roman 
 print and in writing, fcems to have been bor- 
 rowed from the Hebrew ") rcfi, written back- 
 wards. Its found is uniform. In words de- 
 rived from the Greek it is followed by an h, 
 as in Rhapjcdy, Ike. In phyficians prcfcrip- 
 tions it (lands for Ric'ipe, i. e. take. 
 
 To RA'BATE, V. N. [rahatre,'?v.'] (n 
 falconry, to recover a hawk to the fifi again. 
 
 To RA'BBET, V. A. [,abatre,rcibater, Fr.] 
 to plane or cut channels in boards, fo as to 
 make them fit each other. 
 
 RA'BBET, S. a joint made by paring two 
 pieces of wood fo as to wrap over each other* 
 RA'BBI, or RA'BBIN, S. [Heb.]adoaor 
 or teacher among the Jews. 
 
 RA'BBIT, S. a fmall animal that burrows 
 in warrens, efleemed for its fielh and fur. 
 
 RA'BBLE, S. [rabula, Lat. j a tumultuous 
 crowd of low people. 
 
 RA'BBLEMENT, S. the lowed order of 
 people : the vulgar. 
 
 RA'BDOMANCY, S. [fa.ZhfA.x^lua, Gt.] 
 divination by rods or (laves. 
 
 RA'BID, Adj. \_rat'idus, Lat.] fierce, or fu- 
 rious. 
 
 RA'BINET, S. a fmall piece of ord- 
 nance. 
 
 RABIOSI'TY, S. [mhiofnas, Lat.] maJ- 
 nefs ; furioufnefs ; outrageoufnefs. 
 
 RA'BICUS, Adj. [rabioj'tn, Lat.] furious, 
 ravenous ; outrageous ; mad. 
 
 RACE, S, {Yr-irom radix, Lat.] a family 
 afccnding or defcending. A generation. A 
 particular breed. A root or fprig of ginger, 
 ixom rayx. de gcni-hic!. Span. A particular 
 ftrtngth or talle, applied to wine. An extra- 
 ordinary force, applied to the underftanding. 
 A conteft or courfe on foot or horfeback. 
 
 RA'CEHORSE, S. a horfe bred to run 
 againll: ethers. 
 
 RACEJMA'TION, S. [racen:us, Lat.] 
 chifier like that of grapes. 
 
 RACERli'FEROUS, Adj. [racemus and 
 fcio, Lat.] bearing cinders. 
 
 RA'CER, S. one that runs to outftrip an- 
 other. A racehorfe. 
 
 RA'CINESS, S. [.-77,j] the qu-ility of being 
 racy or ftrong tailed. 
 
 RACK,
 
 RAD 
 
 ■ Rack, S. [rach-n, Sclg.] an engine iifed 
 in torturing, confifting of a wheel to which 
 a perfon is faftened with his limbs extended. 
 Torture or extieme pain. Any inftrumcnt 
 which extends. A wooden grate in which 
 hay is placed. A fpirituous liquor, contracted 
 from ArracJc. 
 
 To RACK, V. N. to ftream like dlouds 
 driven before the wind. Aftively, to tor- 
 ment, harrafs, oppvefs by exaction. To ex- 
 tend. To draw off from the lees. 
 
 RACKO'ON, S. an animal like a badger, 
 having a tail like a fox, clothed with a thick 
 deep fur ; it fleeps in the day in a hollow tree, 
 and goes out in moonlhine to feed by thefea- 
 fide. 
 
 RA'CK-RENT, S. rent raifed to the ut- 
 ternioft. 
 
 RA'CKET, S. [frorti ^ayja, Gr.] a chat- 
 tering noife. Clamouring, or noify confnfed 
 talk. The inftrument with which a ball is 
 ftruck, from raquettes, Fr, 
 
 RA'CKING, S. a pace of a horfe, like an 
 amble, excepting that its time is fwifter and 
 tread fhorter. 
 
 RACY, Adj. [yayz; Span, a root] ftrong 
 tafted ; tadingof the foil. 
 
 RAD, the old pret. oircad. 
 
 RAD, RED, and R.OD, differing only in 
 dialedl, fignify counfel ; as Conrad, powerful 
 or Ikilful in counfel ; Ethelred, a noble cguh- 
 fellor. 
 
 RA'DDOCK, S. a bird. 
 
 RA'DIANCE,. RA'DIANCY, S. {radi- 
 ans, Lat.j a fpirkling luflrej the <}uality of 
 darting rays. 
 
 RADIANT, Adj. [radlam, Lat.] fhin- 
 ing ; brightly fparkling ; emitting rays. 
 
 ToRA'DJATE, V.N. [radiatm, Lat.j 
 to dart rays, to fparkle. 
 
 RA'DIATED, Adj. [radhztus, Lat.] a- 
 dorned with ravs. 
 
 RADLVTION, S. {radlatk, Lat.] a bea- 
 !ny luftre. tmilHon every way from the 
 center. 
 
 _ RA'DICAL, Adj. [from radix, Lat.] o- 
 riginal, implanted by nature. Serving to 
 produce. 
 _ R.VDICALITY, S. [from radical] ori- 
 gination. 
 _ RA'DICALLY, Adv. [from radical] ori- 
 g'lnally ; primitively. 
 
 R A 'DiC ALNESS, S. [from r«^fa/J the 
 Hate of being radical. 
 
 To RA'DICATE, V. A. [radicaius, Lat.] 
 to root ; to plant firmly and deeply. 
 
 RADICA'TION, S. the ad of fixing 
 deep. 
 
 RA'DICLE, S. [radicule. Fr ] that part 
 of the feed of a plant, which becomes the 
 root. 
 
 RA'DISH, S. {radix, L^t.] a root. 
 
 RA'LIU.S, S. [Lat.] the hmidiameter of 
 a circle. Jn anatomy, 3 lon^ (lender bone of 
 
 RAG 
 
 the arm defcending with the ulna from the 
 elbow to the wrift. 
 
 RA'DNOR, S. a town of S. Wales, and 
 capital of Radnorfhire, with a market on 
 Thurfdays, and one fair, on October 19, 
 for flieep, horned cattle, and horfes. It is 
 feated near the fpring-head of the river So- 
 mergil, in a pleafant valley, at the foot of a 
 hill, where a caftle formerly flood. It is a 
 corporation, has large privileges, and fends 
 one member to parliament. Its market is 
 how difufed. It is a8 miles N. W. of Here- 
 ford, and I4Q W. N. W. of London. Long. 
 14. 29. lat. 52. 20. 
 
 RA'DNORSHIRE, S. one of the fix 
 counties of South Wales. The Welch call it 
 Sir Vaes or Maes y Ved. It is bounded on 
 the E.by Shropfhire and Herefordfhire , on the 
 S. and W. by Brecknockfnire and Cardigan- 
 fhire; on theN. byMontgomeryfhirc,inNorth 
 Wales. It is about twetity-nine miles in 
 length, and eighteen in breadth j has thirteen 
 rivers, four market towns, fifty-two parifhes, 
 and abrut 19,000 inhabitants, all in the dio- 
 cefes of FIcreford and St. David's. 1 he air 
 in this county is fharp and piercing. Its E. 
 and S. parts are well cultivated, and pretty 
 fruitful in corn ; but the foil elfewhere, ef- 
 pecially in the N, and W. parts, is rocky and 
 mountainous, being only fit to feed cattle and 
 fheep ; though it is well-flored with woods, 
 and watered by rivulets, having alfo (landing 
 lakes in fome places. Its principal commo- 
 dities are cheefe and horfes. The river Wye, 
 which divides it from Brecknockfhire, has 
 in its rapid courfe feveral catara<fts, receiving 
 the Ython, Weverly, and other flreams. 
 The Trent parts it from Shropfhire ; but the 
 river peculiar to it is the Ythen, into v.'hich 
 runs the Dulas, Clowdock, and Camerah ; 
 after which it falls into the Wye. In thefe 
 rivers there is plenty of fa'mon and other 
 filh. This county fends one member to par- 
 liament. 
 
 To RAFF, V. A. to fweep, huddle, or 
 take in a confufed manner. 
 
 To RA'FFLE, V. N. {^-affler, Fr.] to cafl: 
 dice for a prize. 
 
 RA'FFLE, S. the determination of a per- 
 fjn's right to a prize by cafting dice. 
 
 RAFT, S. [probably from ratis, Lat.] a 
 frame or float to carry goods or perfons On 
 water, made by laying or tying pieces of 
 timber together. 
 
 RAFT, Part. PalT. oi rea-ve, or raff, torn, 
 
 RA'FTER, S. {racfter. Sax. rafter, Belg. | 
 pieces of timber, which compofe the roof of 
 a building. 
 
 RA'FTERED, Adj. built with rafters. • 
 
 RAG, S. {hracade. Sax. fax®'> ^''-l ^ 
 piece of cloth torn from the reft. Anything 
 rent or tattered. 
 
 RAGAMUTFIN, S. a perfon clothed in 
 rags. 
 
 G d J a RAGE,
 
 R A K 
 
 RAGE, 3. [Fr.] violent anger or fury. 
 AiTSravation or increafe of pain. 
 
 "To rage, V. N. to be hinried away by 
 Cicellive anger. To exercife tury. To aft 
 with njjsd or ungoverned fury. 
 
 RA'GEFUL, Adj. violent } furious. 
 
 RA'GGED, Ad]! rent inro ratters. Un- 
 even ; confifting ot parts almoft difunited. 
 Dreflcd in tatters. Rugged ; not fmootb. 
 
 R.\'GGEDNESS, S. ftaCc of being dreiTcd 
 in tatters. 
 
 RA'GIMGLY, Adv. with vehennent fury. 
 
 RA'GIMAN, S. one who deals in rsgs. 
 
 RA'GOUT, S. I'Fr. pronounced rago6] 
 ineat ftewed and highly feafoned, 
 
 RAGWORT, S. a plant. 
 
 RA'GSTONE, S. a ftone fo named from 
 its breaking in a ragged or irregular manner. 
 The ftone on which the edge of a tool new 
 ground is fmooihed. 
 
 RAIL. S. \n.'r;el, Teut.] a crofs beam 
 fixed at the ends in t'.vo upright pnfts. A fe- 
 ries of pofls conncificd by beams, by which 
 any thing is inclofed, diiferlng from a^ pale, 
 becaute it does not rife fo high above the 
 crofs beam. A kind of bird. A woman's up- 
 per girment, called likewife i r.lghtrall. 
 
 To R.'lIL, V. A. to inclofe wiih rails ; to 
 range in a line. Neuterly, lo ipe.ik to or a- 
 bout, \vit!i reproachful terms. 
 
 RA'ILE.'^, S. one who infults or defames 
 by opprobrious language. 
 
 R A'lLLERV, S. Iwllenc, Fr.] Hight and 
 joco.l" futire. 
 
 RAI'MENT, ?. {for arrimt^em, from ar- 
 ray'] cloadis, or drels. Seldom ufed unlefs 
 in poetry. 
 
 To RAIN, V. N. [reman, Fax.] to fall 
 in drops from the clouds. To fall like rain. 
 /.' raws, i. e. the water f.dls from tlie clouds. 
 
 R.^.IN, S. [ret, Dap. rcr. old Teut.] water 
 deftending from the clouds in drops. 
 
 RAl'NliOW, .S. [ enL'^ga, Sax.] a meteor 
 in form cf a parry-colouixd fcmicircie, ap- 
 pearing in a rainy Iky oppofjte to the fun, by 
 the rtfradion of its rays in drops of falling 
 rain. 
 
 RAIN-DEER, S. \branas. Sax. rarglfer, 
 Lat.] a deer ufed in the northern comitriei 
 for drawing Hedges. 
 
 RAIN- WATER, S. water which de- 
 feends from the cloads. 
 
 RAl'NY, Adj. (howery ; wet. 
 
 To RAISE, V. A. i>e:'a^ Swed. raijer, 
 Dan. J to lift, or heave from the groimd. To 
 fet a thing upright. To erect or build To 
 prefer or e.-<jlt. To excite, roufc, or ftir up. 
 To bring into being. To call into view, ap- 
 plied tofpirits. 'lo utter loudly, applied to 
 the voice. To colleft, applied to money. 
 •RAi'SER, S. he that raifes. 
 
 RAl'SIN, S. [Fr.] the fruit of the vine 
 dried iu the fim or in an oven, 
 
 RAKF,, S. [rdcr. Sax. raccbc, Felg.l an in- 
 firunieiic v.hh teath, ufcd ia dividioggroinid, 
 
 RAM 
 
 or grubbing up weed?. A loofe, difordeHj, 
 vicious, gay, and thoughtiefs perfon, froiw 
 recailU, Fr. 
 
 To RAKE, V. A. to fcrape together or 
 clear with a rake. To draw together by vio- 
 lence or extortion. To fcour or fearcK wiili 
 vehement defire. Neuterly, to fearch ; t» 
 grope. To pafs with violence. 
 
 RA'KER, S. one that rakes, 
 
 R.A'KE-HELL, S. a wild, vicious, or de- 
 bauched perfon. 
 
 RA'KISH, Ad.], like a rake; loofeorlewd. 
 
 To RA'LLY, V. A. [raUkr, Fr.] to re- 
 duce difordercd forces to order. To treat with 
 fatirical mirth, or reproach with good hu- 
 mour ; to banter. Neuterly, to come to- 
 gether in a hurry. To come agiiin into or- 
 der. To exercife fatirical refentment. 
 
 R.\M, S. [Sax. and Belg.] a male fheep. 
 An indrument with an iron head ufcd ia 
 battering walls. 
 
 To RAM, V. A. to drive with violence, 
 alluding to the motion of a battering ram. 
 To fill with any thing driven hard. 
 
 To RA'MB'LE, V. N. [ranib, Swed,] to. 
 wander ; to rove, or go about without any fix- 
 ed refohuion, or determined place. 
 
 RA'MBLEj S, a wandering and irregular 
 excurfion. 
 
 RA'MBLER. S. rover; wanderer. 
 
 RA'MBOOZE, RA'MBUSE, S. a drink 
 made of wine, ale,, eggs, and fugar, in the 
 winter ; but of wine, milk, fugar, and rofc 
 water, in the fummer. 
 
 RA'MEKIN, RA'MEQUINS, S. {ra- 
 mtiauifrs, Fr. ] fmall flices of bread coverei 
 with cheefe and eggs. 
 
 RA'MENTS, S. [ramexta, Lat.] fcrap- 
 ings ; fhavintrs. 
 
 To RA'MIFY, V. A. [rcin^^er, Fr.] to 
 feparite into branches. Neuterly, to be part- 
 ed into branches. 
 
 RA'MAIER, S. an inftrument by which 
 any thing is diivcn hard. The ftick with 
 which a c!iarge is forced into a gun. 
 
 RAMiFICA'TION, S. [Fr. from rar:us, 
 Lat.]divilion or fcparation into branches ; the 
 .nO of branching out. 
 
 RAMMISH, Adj. rank,orftrongfcented. 
 
 RA'MOUS, Ad] [ramus, Lat.J branchy ; 
 confilling of branches. 
 
 To RAMP, V. N. [ran:fer, Fr.] to leap 
 with violence. To climb, applied to plants, 
 
 RAMP, S. a leap or fpring. 
 
 RA'MPANCY, S. [from' rairpant} pre- 
 valence ; exuberance. 
 
 RA'.VPANT, Adj. [Fr.] prevaillrg or 
 breaking througli reflr.iint. In heraldry, rear- 
 ed up in order to comb-t. 
 
 To RA'MPART, RATVIPIRE, V. A, 
 [from the roun] to fortify v. ith ramparts. 
 
 R.VMPART, P. A Mi' IRE, S. a matfy 
 bank of CTrili, cjnnon proof, raifed about the 
 Iwdy of a pi ;ce, and formed in baflions, (Sec. 
 The wall touiid fortified pl."ces. 
 
 RA'M-
 
 R A N 
 
 I RA^MPIONS, S. [rapuncidus, Lat.J a plant. 
 
 RA'MSO'NS, S. an herb, 
 
 RA'MSEY, an ifland of S. Wales, on the 
 coaft of Pembrokelhire. It is about two 
 miles ill length, and a mile and an half 
 liroad. Near it are feveral (m:A\ ones, and 
 thefe are known by ihe name of the Bifhop 
 and his Clerks. It is four miks W. of St. 
 David's, and feventeen N. W, of Milford- 
 haven. Long. 12. 15. lat. 51. 55. 
 
 RA'MSGATE, a fea-port town of Kent 
 in the ifleof Thanet, where a very fine pier 
 lias been lately built, for the fecurity of (hips 
 that come into the harbour, being feated near 
 the Downs, between the N. and S. Foreland, 
 and is 10 miles N. E. of Canterbui-y. Long. 
 j8. 55. lat. 5.1. 20. 
 
 RAN, the pretcr of Run. 
 
 To RANCH, V. A. [comipted from 
 tvrench] to fprain or injure by a violent twift. 
 
 RAN'CID, Adj. [rarcidiis, Lat.J Itrong 
 fcented. 
 
 R A'NCIDNESS,RA'NCIDITY,S. flrong 
 fccnt, as of old oil. Muftinefs. 
 
 RA'NCOROUS, Adj. [from rancour]rpke- 
 ful in tlie high eft degree. 
 
 RA'NCOUR, li-am-ocur, old Fr.] hatred 
 continued. 
 
 RAND, S. [Bdg.] a border or feam. 
 *' The ram{ of a flioe." 
 
 RA'NDOM, S. [randon, Fr.] want of 
 direiftion, rule, method, or chance. 
 
 RAN'DOM, Adj. done by chance, or 
 without defigH. 
 
 RA'N FORCE, S. the ring of a gun next 
 the touch hole. 
 
 RANG, prefer of Ring. 
 
 To RANGB:, v. a. [ranger, Fr.] to place 
 in order or rank. To rove over. Neuterly, to 
 jove at large. To be placed in order. 
 
 RANGE, S. [rarigcc, Fr.'] a rank or any 
 thing placed in a line. A clafs or order. An 
 cxcurfion; room for excurfion. Compafs taken 
 in by any thing extended or placed in order. 
 The ftcp of a ladder. A kitchen grate. 
 
 RA'NGER, S. one that roves about. A 
 dog that beats the ground. An officer that 
 looks after the game of a foreft. 
 
 RANK, Adj. [lanc, Sax.] ftrong ; grow- 
 ing too faft. Fruitful ; bearing (trong plants. 
 Strong fcented ; grofs ; coatfe. 
 
 RANK, S. [rang, Fr.J a line of men 
 placed a brcaft. A row. A clafs, or order. 
 Degree of dignity. High place. 
 
 To RANK, V. A. \rc:ngcr-, Fr.] to place 
 a-breaft. To range or include in any parti- 
 ctilar clafs. To difpofe in a regular manner. 
 Neuterly, to be ranged ; to be placed. 
 
 To RA'NKLE, V. N. to feller, or breed 
 corruption. To be inflamed, applied both to' 
 the body and mind. 
 
 RANKLY, Adv. in a coirfe, or grofs 
 manner. 
 
 RA'NKNESS, S. exuberance j fupcrfluity 
 ef growth. 
 
 RAP 
 
 RA'NNY, S. [mus araneous, Lat] the 
 (hrewmoufe. 
 
 To RA'NSACK, V. A. to plunderer pil- 
 lage. To fearcli norrowly. 
 
 RA'NSOME, [ran^on, Fr.] the price paid 
 foi the redemption of a prifoner. 
 
 To RA'NSOME, V. A. [rancortnc-, Fr.] 
 to free from puni/hment or captivity by mo- 
 ney. 
 
 , RA'NSOMELESS, Adv. free from ran- 
 fome. 
 
 To RANT, V.N. [randcn, Belg.jto make 
 ufe of pompous or high founding language 
 without proportionable dignity of thought. 
 
 RANT, S. high-founding language with- 
 out proportionate dignity of thought. 
 
 RA'NTER, S. a ranting fellow. 
 
 RA'NTIPOLC.S. wild; roving; rakiHi, 
 
 To RA'NTIPOLE, V. N. to run about 
 wildly. 
 
 RA'NULA, S. [Lat.] a foft fwelling, pof- 
 fefling the faliva under the tongue. 
 
 R ANU'NCULUS, S. [Lat.J a flower call- 
 ed like wife crowfoot. 
 
 To RAP, V. N. [hraeppan, Sax.] tofirike 
 with a fmart and ijuick blow. I'o tap and 
 rend, is, to feize by violence, 
 
 RAP, S. a qviick fmart blow. 
 
 RAPA'CJOUS, Adj. [rapax^ Lat.] given 
 to plunder ; feizing by violence. 
 
 RAPA'CIOUSLY, Adv. [irom raparhinl 
 by rapine ; by violent robbery. 
 
 RAPA'CIOUSNESS, S. [from rapacious^ 
 the quality of being rapaci^HS. 
 
 RAPA'CITY, S. [rapadte, Fr. rnpacitat, 
 Lat.] the a(fl of feizing by violence. The 
 quality of being addidted Eo plunder, 
 
 RAPF, S. [rapt, Fr. raptus, Lat.] a vio- 
 lent forcing of a virgin or woman. 
 
 RA'PID, Adj. [rapide, Fr. rapidus, Lat.] 
 quick ; fwift and violent of motion. 
 
 RAPI'DITY, S. [rapidltc, Fr. rap\d\'.ssy 
 Lat.] violent fwiftnefs of motion. 
 
 RA'PIDLY, Adv. fwiftly; quickly. 
 
 RA'PIDNESS, S, the quality of being vio- 
 lently fwift. 
 
 RA'PIER, S. {rapkre, Fr.] a fmall fwori 
 ufed only in tlirufling. 
 
 RA'PIER FJSH, S. a fini about five y.irds 
 long, which has a fwcrd growing from its 
 fnout a!)out a y-.rd long, at tlieLafis it is four 
 inches over, two edged, snd pointed like a 
 rapur ; it preys on fi(h, having firll ftabbed 
 tlum with its fword 
 
 RA'FIN'E, S. [Fr. rfl/.;«^, Lat.] the acH; 
 of taking away tlie goods of another by vio- 
 "ence. Force, Plunder. 
 
 RA'TKR, .S. [from raf\owe. who ftrikes. 
 RA'PPORT, S. [rapport, Fr.] relation ; 
 reference. 
 
 '1 o RAPT, V. N, to ravilh ; to put in 
 ecflafy. 
 
 P. APT, .'^. [from rap\ a trance, 
 RA'PTURE, S. {raplo, Lat ] ecf>acy ; 
 violence of jmy paflion ; lUKommon heat of 
 I D d d 3 jma<jination j
 
 RAT 
 
 imagination ; rapidity or hafte. *' Torrent 
 " rapture." Milt. 
 
 RA'PTUROUS, Adj. ecaatic ; tranf- 
 porting. 
 
 RARE, Adj. [Fr. rar:n,'Lz\.^^ uncommon, 
 fcarce; excellent; thin, opp&fed to denfc; 
 thinly fc.ittered. 
 
 RARE'SHOW, S, a (hew carried in a 
 box. 
 
 RAREFA'CTION, S. [Fr.] the art of 
 making any medium thin, or of extending the 
 parts of a thing fo that they (hall take up 
 more roi-m. 
 
 RAREFi'ABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 made thinner. 
 
 To RA'REFY, V. A. [varcfier, Fr,] to 
 make more thin. To become thin. 
 
 RA'RELY, Adv. not often j feldom. 
 Finely ; nicely ; accurately. 
 
 RA'Rf'NESS, S. the quality or ftate of 
 happening feldom and being uncommon. Va- 
 lue arifing from fcarcity. 
 
 RA'RITY, S. [raritc, Fr. raritasy Lat.] 
 wncommonnefs. A thing valued for its fcarce- 
 nefs or uncommonnefs. Thinnefs. 
 
 RA'SCAL, S, irafcd, Sax. a lean bead] 
 a mean fellow. A fcoundrel. 
 
 RASCA'LIOM, S. one of the meaneft 
 rank. 
 
 RA'SCALITY, S. the low mean people. 
 RA'SCALLY, Adv. in a mean, bafe, or 
 worthjefs manner. 
 
 To RAS£, V. A. [rafir, Fr.] to fkim or 
 brufli the furftice. To deftroy or overthrow. 
 To erafe or blot out. 
 
 RASH, Adj. [rafch, Belg.] hafty, vio- 
 lent, precipitate. 
 
 RASH, S. [r^p, Belg.] fattin. An efflo- 
 refcencj of red I'potson the fl;in, perhaps cor- 
 rupted from rujh. 
 
 RA'SKaR, S, [refat't, J^clav. rajatl, Swcd 
 rlaati- Dalm. to cutj a flice j " a rajher of 
 *' bacon." 
 
 RA'SHf. Yj Adv. in a hafiy and thought- 
 Icfs maruL-r. 
 
 RA'SHNESS, S. foolilhconte.mpt of dan- 
 ger. Inconfiderate hafle. 
 
 R.ASP, S. [rafjio, Ital.] a rafpberry. 
 To RASP, V. A. [rafper, Belg. rafper, 
 Tr. rc'Jpar:, Ital. j to rub to powder, or wear 
 away the furfnce witli a rough file. 
 
 RASP, S, f from the verb] a piece or pow- 
 der rubbed off a thing by a very rough or 
 coarfe file. 
 
 RASPATORY, S. [rafpatolr, Fr.J a 
 chirurgeon's ralp. 
 
 RA'SPBSRllY, S. a kind of a berry. 
 RA'oPE.^RY-BUSH, S. a fpecies of 
 bramble. 
 
 RA'SURE, S. \j-aJuro, Lat.] the acl of 
 fcraping or Ihaving. A mark in writing made 
 bv rubbing out a word or letter. 
 
 RAT, S. [ratte, Belg. ratta. Span, rat, 
 Fr.J an animal larger than a moufe, that 
 irifefts houfcs and (hips. To [mell a rat^ im 
 
 RAT 
 
 plies to fufpeft danger, or to be put on t>4C 
 watch. 
 
 R A'TABLE, Adj. [from rate], fet at a cer- 
 tain value. 
 
 RA'TAELY, Adv. proportionably. 
 RAT.^Fl'A, S. [pronoLnccd /YJ///ie] a fine 
 cordial prepared from the kernels of apricots 
 and fpirits. 
 
 R ATA'N, S. an Indian cane. An inftru- 
 ment of cane ufed by fchoolmaftcrs. A low 
 and mean fpecies of mahogany. 
 
 RATCH, RASCH, S. in clock-work, a 
 fort of wheel, which ferves to lift up the 
 detents every hour, and thereby make the 
 clock flrlke. 
 
 RATE, [Pr. ratui, Lat.] a price fixed 
 to any thing A fettled allowance or quan- 
 tity. Degree. That which fets the value. 
 The manner of doing a thing. A tax im- 
 pofed by a parilh. 
 
 To RATE, V. A. to value at a certain 
 price. To tax. 
 
 RATH, Adj. {rath. Sax. quickly] early 
 in lealbn. ♦' 1 her<;rZ» primrofe." Milt. Not 
 in ufe. 
 
 RATH, S. a hill, 
 
 RA'THER, Adv. [the comparative of ra/^, 
 now out of ufe] more willingly. Preferably. 
 In a great degree. IV^ore properly. Sooner. 
 To ha-ve rather, is to prefer, or defire in pre- 
 ference. 
 
 RATIFICA'TION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 confirming. 
 
 R A'TIFIER, S. the perfon or thing that 
 ratifies. 
 
 To RA'TIFY, V. A. [rattmfuck, Lat.] 
 to confirm. 
 
 RA'TJOj S. [Lat.] proportion. 
 To RATIO'CINATE, V. N. [ratlocincr, 
 Lat.] to reafon ; to argue. 
 
 RATIOCINA'TION, S. [ratidnath, 
 Lat,] the a£l of deducing confequences froni 
 premii'cs by the excrcife of reafon. 
 
 RATIO'CINATIVE, Adj. argumenta- 
 tive ; advancing by procefs or difcourle. 
 
 RA'TIONAL, Adj. \ratlovalh, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the ufe of reafon. Agreeable to reafon, 
 
 RATiONA'LE. S. [Lat.] thegroundson 
 which any thing is founded. 
 
 RA'TIONALiST, S. one who admits of 
 nothing but what he can account for on the 
 principles of reafon. 
 
 RATiONA'LITY, S. the power of rea- 
 foning. Reafonablenefs. 
 
 RA'TIONALLY, ^dv. [{vom rat-onal] 
 reafonably ; with reafon, 
 
 RATiO'NfALNESS, S, [from ratlor.al] 
 the ftate of being rational. 
 
 RA'TSBANE, S. poifon for rats, 
 RATTE'EN, S. a kind of fluff. 
 To RA'TTLE, V. N. [ratden, Belg.] to 
 make a quick noife with ihaking hard thing.? 
 together. To fpeak eagerly and noifily. Ac- 
 tively, to make a thing found by (baking. 
 RA'TTLEj S. a quick noife made by the 
 collifioa
 
 R A W 
 
 CGllifiGii of flicks, or fhakinga thing inclofeJ 
 ill a box. Empty an::i louJ talk. Aninfhi- 
 ment having foinethipg included in a hollow 
 parr, ufed to pleale infants. 
 
 RA'TTLEHF.ADED, Adj. [from rani,; 
 and hrjd] giddy j nnfleady. 
 
 RA TTLE-SNALE, S. a fnake fo called 
 from the rattle at the end of its tail. 
 
 RATTJ-E-SNAKE ROOT, S. a pknt, 
 a native of Vii-ginia ; the Indians ufe it as a 
 certain remedy againfl: the bite of a rattle- 
 inake. 
 
 RA'TTOON, S. a Wefl-Indian fox. 
 To RA'VAGE, V. A. [ra^v^^a; Fr.J to 
 Jay wade, fack, fpoil, or plunder. 
 RA'VAGE, S. fpoil, or plunder. 
 RA'VAGKR, S. plunderer'} fpoiler. 
 RAU'CITY, S. [raucus, Lat.j hoarfe- 
 nefs ; lond rough noife. 
 
 To RAVE, V. A. [rwrn, Belg. raver, 
 Fr.] to be delirious or talk irrationally. To 
 burft into fits of fury like a mad perfon. 
 
 To RA'VEL, V. A. [raw/cn, Belg.] to 
 entangle or entwift. To unweave, or undo ihe 
 thread of fomething woven, Neuterly, to fall 
 into perpl'exity or confufion. To work in 
 perplexity ; to bufy himfelf with intricacies. 
 RA'VELIN, S [Fr.] in fortification, a 
 work having two faces, that compofe a falient 
 angle without any flanks. 
 
 RA'VEN, S. [bra-fin, Sax.] a large black 
 fowl. 
 
 To RA'VEN, V. A. [raj!an. Sax.] to rob, 
 to devour with great eagernefs. 
 
 RA'VEN OUS, Adj. hungry to excefs. 
 RA' VENOUSNESS, S. the quaUty of rag- 
 ing after prey. 
 
 RAUGHT, the old pret. and part, pafl! 
 of reach, 
 
 RAVIN, S, prey or food gotten by vio- 
 lence. 
 
 RA'VINGLY, Adv. [from rave] with 
 frenzy ; with diflraftion. 
 
 To RA'VISH, V. A. [ra-vlr, Fr.] to vio- 
 late a perfon's chaflity by force. To take a- 
 way by violence. To delight to ecftacy. 
 
 RA'VISHER, S. he that embraces a wo- 
 man by violence. One who takes any thing 
 by force. 
 
 RA'VISHMENT, S. the ad of violating 
 chaftity by force. Exceflive delight. Rapture 
 RAW, Adj. [braef, Sax. rau, Dan. roinv, 
 Belg. roh, Teut.j not boiled or roalted. Not 
 drefled enough either by roafting or boiling. 
 Not covered with the fkin. Sore. Ignorant 
 or unexperienced, applied to the judgment. 
 
 RA'WBONED, Adv. [raw andicne] hav- 
 ing bones fcarcely covered with flefli. 
 
 RA'WHEAD, S. [raw and bead] the 
 name of a fpe<ftre. 
 
 RA'WLY, Adv. [from ra-w] in a raw 
 manner. UnfkilfuUy. Newly. 
 
 RAWNESS, S. the ftate of neither being 
 boiled nor roafted, applied to food. Inexperi- 
 ence, applied to the judgment. 
 
 R E A 
 
 RAY, S. [rah; rayon, Fr.] a beam of 
 I'ght, or knowledge. A lilli, from ra^e, Fr. 
 An herb. 
 
 To RAY, V. A. [raya; Fr. ] to ftreak ; 
 to mark in long lines. 
 
 RAZE, S. {rayx; Span, root] a root. 
 " Two ;-^2:« of ginger." ^hakei'. 
 
 To RAZE, or RASE, V. a. {rafcr, Fr.] 
 to overthrow, ruin or demolilh. To efl'ace. 
 I'o extirpate. 
 
 RA'ZOR, or RASOR, S. {t-ajoh-^ Fr.] 
 an indrument ufed in (liaving. 
 I RA'ZURE,_S. {rajurc, Frfj See Rasuse. 
 I RE, is an infeparable particle ufed by the 
 j Latins, and from them borrowed by us to 
 denote iteration or backward a(flion : as re- 
 [ turn, to come back ; rei-recujfion, the aft of 
 ! driving back. 
 
 RE'ACCF.SS, S. a return of a vifit. 
 To REACH, V. A. [rn-cs^. Sax.] to 
 touch or take hold of with the hand extend- 
 ed. To arrive at, or obtain. To fetch from 
 fome place diftant, and give. To transfer. 
 To penetrate to. To be adequate to. To 
 extend, or fpread abroad. Neuterly, to be 
 extended far. To make efforts or attain. To 
 take in the hand. 
 
 REACH, S. the ad of taking or bringing 
 by extending the arm. 1 he ad of taking or 
 thouching with the arm extended. Power of 
 attaining. The limit of the underftanding. 
 A contrivance or artifice. Extent. 
 
 To RE'ACT, V. A. to aft back again. 
 To return an adion or impulfe. 
 
 RE' ACTION, S. [Fr.J theaftion where- 
 by a thing a<fted upon returns the adion upon 
 the agent. 
 
 READ, S. [rteJ, Sax. raed, Belg.] coun- 
 lel. " To wicked rwr/." Stern. 
 
 To READ, V. A. [prefer, and part. palT. 
 read, but pronounced red, from rad, Sax.] to 
 perufe, or utter by the voice any thing writ- 
 ten or printed. Figuratively, to difcover by ^ 
 marks or learn by obfervation. To know 
 perfedly, or underftand, 
 
 RE'ADING, S. [pronounced reeding] the 
 art of perufing words written or printed. 
 Study confiding in the perufal of books. A 
 ledure. A public recital. 
 
 RE'ADING, S. [pronounced Redding] the 
 capital and county town of Eerkfhire, near the 
 Thames, which juft by receives the Kennet, 
 thai pafles under feven bridges in the town 
 and neighbourhood. It is governed by a 
 mayor, Si.c. who returnstwo members to par- 
 liament. This is the mod confiderablc and 
 large d place in the county ; and though they 
 muil have a great trade into the neighbouring 
 country, their principal traffic is with large 
 barges by the navigation of the Thames to 
 London, whither they carry vad quantiticsof 
 malt, meal, and timber, and bring back coals, 
 fait, tobacco, grocery, oils, &ic. Reading 
 gave birth to archbifhop Laud and lord chief 
 judice Ilolt, &c. Mere are th:ce churches 
 I> dd 4 1^
 
 R E A 
 
 two large tneeting-houfes, befides that of the 
 Quakers ; and it contains about Soco people, 
 including a little hamlet at the bridge over 
 the I'hames. Here is a county infirmary. Its 
 r.i-rket is on Saturday, and fdirson Fcoiuary 
 1, for cheefe and horfcs ; May i, chiefiy for 
 Jiorfes ; July 2<;, for ditto and other cattle j 
 and September ai, for cheefe. Tn the neigh- 
 bourhood is a cont nued body of oyfter-fhells, 
 for tile fpace of five or fix acres. See the 
 phi!ofi;phical Tranfacflions. It I'es forty 
 miles W. of London, and fix from Maiden-- 
 head. 
 
 READE'PTION, S. [re and i<f^/.a-j,Lat.] 
 recovery; afV of regaining. 
 
 RE'ADER, S. one that purfues any thing 
 written cr printed. One lludious in books. 
 One vvhofe ofnce it is to read prayers in 
 churches. 
 
 REA'DILY, Adv. without heGtatioii, 
 hinderance, or delay. 
 
 READINESS. ?. [fee ReadvT the qua- 
 lity of doing any thing without delay, or he- 
 fitation. 
 
 To RE'ADJOURN, V. A. [re and aJ- 
 journ] to adjourn aiuin. 
 
 RE-ADMISSION, S. the aft of admit- 
 ting again. 
 
 To RE' ADMIT, V. A. [« and adjnit] 
 to let in again. 
 
 To RE-ADORN, V. A. to adorn again. 
 RE'ADY, Adj. quick in performance. 
 Fit or prepared. Vv illing. Being at the point, 
 or not far from being done ; without hinder- 
 ance, or hefitation. Adveibi.;lly, readily ; 
 fo as not to admit of delay. 
 
 RE-AFFl'RMAVCE, S. [,^ and ejirn:- 
 erce] fecond confirmation. 
 
 REAL, Adj. [reel, Fr. realis, Lat ] relat- 
 ing to tilings, not pcrfons. True, oppofed 
 to fiflitious. Genuine. In law, confiding 
 of tilings immoveable. 
 
 RE'ALGAR, S. red arfenic. 
 REA'LITY, S. Ireall:/, Fr.] truth, or 
 real exiflence, oppofed to appearance. Some- 
 thing intrinficailv important. 
 
 To RE'ALIZE, V. A. [■.rnHfer, Fr.] to 
 biing into being. To convert inoney into 
 land. 
 
 RE'ALLY, Adv. a<rtually, truly. Indeed. 
 REALIvI, S. [pronounced rc'n.; from rci 
 
 R E B 
 
 RE'APING-HOOK, S. a crooked in flra- 
 ment ufed in cutting corn. 
 
 REAR, S. [ankre, Fr.] the hindermeft 
 troop of an army, or the laft line of a fleet. 
 The lall ciafs. 
 
 To KEaR, V. A, \raran. Sax.] to raife 
 up. To lift up any thing fallen. To bring 
 up from an 'infant llate. To educate or in- 
 ftrudl. To exalt or elevate. 
 
 RE'ARWARD, S. the bfl troop. The 
 end; thctail ortiain behind. The latter part. 
 KEA'RMOUSE, S. U^ramus, Sax.] s bat, 
 more properly Cpclt rercmouje. 
 
 To REASCEND, V. N. to climb, or 
 mount again. To i^o up a fecond time. 
 
 REA'SO'^r, S. [;v/ro«, Fr. rath, Lat.] 
 true and clear principle's. Clear and fair de- 
 dudions from pieniifes. The ca.ife or final 
 caufe. A faculty in man, whereby he is dif- 
 tinguiflied from hccfi. , confittin'nt In deducing 
 one propolition from . nother, or in finding 
 out i'uch intermediate ideas \m may corned 
 two didaur ones. Rigjn. AjuiT account. 
 Ai'tfr 'ring, fuch meailhes as are onfillent 
 with humanity. " Br'ingirg France to rea- 
 " y&n." Add:: on 
 
 To REASON, V. N. \ra\j-.nner, Fr.] to 
 deduce confequencea from premifes. To de- 
 bate, dilc uife, or endeavour to convince. 
 A<flively, to examine by the rules of rcafcn. 
 
 REA'SONABLE, Adj. {raifonalk, Fr.] 
 having the faculty of reafon. Confident 
 with tke lules of reafon. Juft. Moderate. 
 Tolerable. 
 
 REASONABLENESS, S. agrecallencfs 
 toreaf>;n. Moderation. 
 
 RE-4'."^ONABLY, Adv. agreeable to rea- 
 fon. Moderately. 
 
 REA'SONER, S. one who leafons j an 
 arguer. 
 
 REA'SONING, S. an argument. 
 REA'SONLESS, Adv. voi^d of reafon. 
 To REASSE'MBLE, V. A. to coUcft 
 agjin. 
 
 To REASSE'RT, V. A. to affcrt anew, 
 or a iecond time. 
 
 To REASSU'ME, V. A. [rfj/hmo, Lat.] 
 to lefi.me j to t.nke again. 
 
 To RlASSU'RE.^V. a. [rr^Jhrcr, Fr.] to 
 free from fear ; to re (lore from terror. 
 
 RE ATE, S. a kind of long imall grafs 
 
 fl.'?r^, Fr.j a kingdom. Kingly government, j that grows in water, snd complicates itfelf 
 
 RE'ALTY, S. [rente, it^il.] loyalty ' together. 
 
 " Where faith and realty remain not." 
 
 Par. Loft. 
 
 REAM, S. [ra,ie, Fr. ricir., Belg.] a 
 bundle of paper confi fling of twenty quires. 
 
 To REA'NIV;ATF, V. A. to animate 
 again. To veflore to life. 
 
 To Rr annex, V. A. [rs and annex] 
 to annex agiin. 
 
 To RFAP, V. A. [ritan, Sax. ruppen, 
 Btig.] to tilt com at harveft. To gather, or 
 pbtain. Neuterly, to harveth 
 
 RE'APLKj S. one that cuts corn. 
 
 To REAVE, V. A. pret. reft, [ra-fiar. 
 Sax.] to take away by fteaith or violence. 
 
 To REBA'PTiZE, V. A. [rcbjpiifer, Fr. 
 re and baptii^c'] to baptize again. 
 
 REBAPTIZA'TION, S. {rebopt}fathn^ 
 Fr.] renewal sf baptifm. 
 
 To REBA'TE, V. A. [relattre, Fr.] 10 
 blunt, or deprive of its edge. 
 
 REBA'TE, S. a rule in arithmetic, the 
 fame as difcount. 
 
 REDE'CK, S. Uchc, Fr. rlhecca, ItaL] 
 a three Aiinsed fiddlci 
 
 P-FBEL,
 
 R E C 
 
 RE'BEL, S. [rebch'e, Fr, rddlis. Lat.] 
 one who oppofes the lawful authority of a 
 ibvereign. 
 Ij ToKEBE'L, V.N. [r eLi//o, 'Lit.] to rlk 
 
 in oppofuion lo lawful authority. 
 
 REBE'LLER, S. one that rebels. 
 
 REBE'LLION, S. the aft or Rate of tsk- 
 ing up arms, or olherwife oppohng lawful 
 authority. 
 
 RE Bt'LLIOUS, Adv. engaged in oppofing 
 lawful authority. 
 
 REBE'LLIOUSLY, Adv. [from reieluous] 
 in oppofition to a lawful authority. 
 
 REBELLIOUSNESS, S. [from rdelUons'] 
 the quality of being veLcilious. 
 
 To REBh'LLOW, V.N. toccchoback 
 a loud iioife. 
 
 REBO'ATION, S. [?r/;fc, Lat.J the re- 
 tun; of a loud bellowing found. 
 
 To REIiO'UiND, V. N. [n-hndlr, Fr.] to 
 fpring back a^^ahi from any furtace. A^ive- 
 Jy, to reveri.erate or beat h.\Qk. 
 
 RERO'L'ND, S. the a.ft of flying back 
 after being driven with force againft ai:iy 
 thing. 
 
 RECU'FF, S. {rchvfade, Fr.] a quick and 
 fiiddcn rcfiftance or check. 
 
 lo REBU'FF, V. A. to beat back. To 
 oppofe with fudJcn violence. 
 
 To REBUl'LD, V. A. [pronounced rebi!d\ 
 to build a!;ain. 
 
 REBUk.^BLE, Adj. [£vom. nluke] wor- 
 thy of being found fault with. 
 
 To REBU'KE, V. A. [r.Zt.vrZvr, Fr.] to 
 chide ; to find fault with, 'i o reprefs, by an 
 unexpefted reproach. 
 
 REBU'KE, S. any chiding exprefHon. A 
 dieek. 
 
 REBU'KER, S. a reprehender. 
 
 RE'BL'S, S. a word rcprefenred by a pic- 
 ture. A kind of a riddle in which the dif- 
 ferent fyllablcs of a perfon's or place's name, 
 are hidden under fome picluiefque leprcfcn- 
 tation. 
 
 To RKCU'T, V. N. [rebuter, Fr.] to re- 
 tire hack. 
 
 REBU'TTER, S. an anfwer to a rejoin- 
 der. 
 
 To RICALL, V. A. to callback again. 
 To revoke, or refiore. 
 
 RECA'LL, S. the aft or power of calling 
 back. 
 
 ToRECA'NT, V. A. fwawo, lat.] to 
 retraft, or contradift what one has protefltd, 
 faid, ordoiie. 
 
 RECANTA'TION, S. the z€t of contra- 
 gifting what a perfon has profcfled, iM, or 
 done. 
 
 RECA'NTER, S. one that recants. 
 
 ToRlCAPI'TULATE, V. A. [recaji- 
 iu'ir, f r.] to mention again. To repeat a- 
 j^din i'l a csncifeor fummary manner. 
 
 Ri-CAPiTULA'TlON, S. a dilHnft re- 
 peating of the principal pquUs or arguments 
 ©J a ti;iC0Ui-fc, 
 
 R E C 
 
 RECAPI'TULATORY, Adj. [from r-. 
 cajjttubte] repeating again. 
 
 To REfiA'RK.Y, V. A. [n and caijy] t» 
 carry back. 
 
 To RECE'DE, V. N. {reccdo, Lat] to 
 fall back, retreat or defid. 
 
 RECt'lFT, S. [pronounced recdt, from 
 rcceftut, Lat-] the a(f\ of leceivine. A wil- 
 ting acknowledging the receiving money, A 
 phyflcian's prcfcription, or direftion for mak- 
 ing any thing confilling of various ingre- 
 dients. Reception. 
 
 RECEI'VABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 received. 
 
 To RFXE'IVE, V. A. {rercf^h, Fr.] to 
 take or obtain any thing as due. To tai-c 
 from another. To admit. To conceive iu 
 the mind. To entertain as a guelh 
 
 RECEI'VEDKESS, S. general allowance. 
 
 RECE'IVER, S, one to whom any tiling 
 is communicated, or paid by anotlicr. One 
 who partakes of the Lord's Supper. The Vil- 
 fel into which fpii its drop from the Ai'l. T he 
 vend into whicJi any fabjefts are put, when 
 experiments are tried by the air pump. 
 
 RE'CENCY, S. [reccr.i, Lat.J the ibte of 
 beiu'.^ lately done, orcxiKenc. 
 
 rV.CE'NSION, S. [m.^7^, I.at.] enti- 
 mcration ; review. 
 
 RF'CFN'T, Adj. [rcccns, Lat.] net Jong 
 exiftcnt. New, late, frefli. 
 
 RECE'NTLY, Adv. frefljly ; newlv. 
 
 RF.'CENTNESS, S. the quality of being 
 lately ufcd, made, or done. 
 
 RECE'PTaCLE, S. [ircrjjtanfhr,', Lat] 
 reflil or place into which any tiling is re- 
 ceived. 
 
 RECEPTIBl'LITY, S. [nccptus, Lu.J 
 podibility of re''eiving. 
 
 RE'CEPTAR/, S. thing received. 
 
 RECE'PTIOM, S. [rcuptu^, Lat.] the 
 art of receiving or entertaming. The (late 
 or manner of being received or entertainti. 
 Treatment at firfl coming. 
 
 RE'CEPTIVE, Adj.- [recpms, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the quality of adinitting what is commu-* 
 nicated. 
 
 RE'CEPTORY, Adj. [re^eptus, Lat.] ge- 
 nerally or popularly admitted. 
 
 RECE'S-, S. \tarjjin, Lat] retirement. 
 Departure. A place of retirement, or fe» 
 cr»^cy. An ablfraft cf the proceedings of u» 
 iinperial diet. 
 
 RECE'SSION, S. lr:cfjfio, Lat.] the aQ 
 of retreating. 
 
 RtCEVOI'R, S. a large bafon, ciilern, 
 or receptacle for water. 
 
 To RLCHANGE, V. A. [rcc!..ar.gcr,Yr.'\ 
 in commerce, the fecond psvment of t'r.e 
 price of exchange. To change again. 
 
 To RECKA'KGE, V A. to accufe in re- 
 turn. To ntt.ick again. 
 
 RECM:.'AT, S. a leilen played on the horn 
 v\hcn tl;e hounds have lull their game, to 
 call thsni frcui u cc'tmt(rr(;?nt, 
 
 B.ECI'
 
 R E C 
 
 RECIDIVA'TION, S. [rcclJhus, Lat.] 
 fallinj; a lecond time. 
 
 REGIDI'VOUS, AJj. [rMai-vus, Lat.j 
 fubjeft to fall again. 
 
 KE'CIPE, S. [Lat. from the firrt word 
 of a medicinal prefcriplionj a medicinal pre- 
 fcfiption or receipt. 
 
 RECI'PIENT, S. [rcdp;rs, l.?.t.\ that to 
 which any thing is voluntuiiiy given. The 
 veflcl of an air pump, in which the fubjt:£ls 
 of the experiments arc included. 
 
 RECrPROCAL, Adj. f>eciproci/s. Lat. 
 reciproque^ Fr.j niutnalj airernate ; returned 
 equally on both fides. Affeifiing both parties 
 alike. Done by each to each. 
 
 RECI'PROCALLY, Adv. [from ;w.y./o- 
 ciil] n-.uti:jlly ; interc!iange:.Ij!v. 
 
 RECl'PROCALNESS, S. [from rcdpro- 
 cal) mutual return ; alteinntenefs. 
 
 To RECITROCATE, V, N. [rcdproan, 
 Lat.] to acl mutually or alternately. 
 
 RECIPROCATION, S. the ftate wherein 
 any aftion is done mutually by each part}'. 
 
 RECI'SION, S. [rccjjio, Lat.j the aft of 
 cv,tting olf. 
 
 RECl'l^AL, S. [from redte'] the relating 
 of a thing a fccond time j repetition j enu- 
 meration, 
 
 RECITATION, S. repetition ; rchear- 
 iA. 
 
 RRCITATI'VE, orRECIl'ATI'VO, S. 
 [Ital.J a kind of mufical pronunciation, where- 
 in the words are pronounced more mufically 
 than in common fpeech, and lefs than in a 
 ibng. 
 
 To RECI'TE, V. A. [icdto, Lat, redter, 
 Pr.] to relate ; to tell over or enumerate. 
 
 To RECK, V. N. {recan, Sax.] to caye ; 
 to heed ; to mind ; to rate it much. 
 To RECK, V, A, to heed ; to care for. 
 RE'CKLESS, Adv, \_reccckas. Sax,] care- 
 Icfs; heedlefs, mindlefs. 
 
 RE'CI:LESSNESS, S. [from reck] care- 
 lefliiefs ; negligence. 
 
 To RE'CKON, V. A. [rcccan. Sax,] to 
 count or find out the number of any collec- 
 tion. To efteem, value, or account, Ncu- 
 ' terly, to compute. To lay ftrefs or depend- 
 anceupon j ufed with upon ; from compter fur, 
 Fr, 
 
 RE'CKONER, S. one who computes ; 
 one who calculates coft. 
 
 Rc.'CKONING, S. a computation. An 
 account of time. Account of debtor and 
 creditor. Money due for entertainment at a 
 public-houfe. An account taken. Efteem 
 or value. 
 
 To RECLA'IM, V. A. [w&;;.5, Lat,] 
 to reform or make better. To reduce to the 
 {late defircd. To recal, or cry out againd. 
 To tame. 
 
 To RECLl'NE, V. A. \rec/i>:c, Lat. redi- 
 rer, Fr.] to lean back or fidewife. Ncuterly, 
 to lean, itft, ov repofc. 
 
 R E C 
 
 RE'CLINE, Adj. [reclhils, Lat,] in a 
 leaning pofhire. 
 
 To RECLO'SE, V. A, to clofe again. 
 " i'he door recljs'd.^' Pope. 
 
 To RECLU'DE, V. A. [recludo, Lat.] to 
 open. 
 
 RECLU'SE, Adj [rec/iis, Fr. rcduf.s, Lat.] 
 Qiut up from com[)any ; retired. 
 
 RECOAGULA'IION, S. fecond coagu- 
 lation. 
 
 REC'QG\'IZANCE, S. [Fr, pronounced 
 recoumf^fjrc] acknowledgement of a perfon or 
 thing, A badge. A word or record, tefti- 
 fying the rccogyjlfer to owe to the recogniftc a 
 certain fum of money. 
 
 To RfXOGNl'SE, V. A. [r^«^«o/<.<;,Lat.] 
 to acknowledge; to recover and avow know- 
 ledge of any perfon or thing. To review or 
 examine judicially. 
 
 RECOGNISE'E, S. the perfon in whofe 
 favour a bond is drawn. 
 
 R ECO'GNISOR, S. one who gives a bond 
 to another. 
 
 RECQGNI'TION, S, [recogmno, Lat.] 
 review; renewal of knowledge. Acknow- 
 ledgement. Knowledge avowed. 
 
 To RECO'IL, V. N. [recukr, Fr.] to ru(h 
 or bound back again ; to fall back ; to fail 
 or flirink. 
 
 To RECO'IN, V. A. [re and coin'] to 
 coin over again. 
 
 RECO'IN.aGE, S. [re and coinage'] the 
 aft of coining anew. 
 
 To RECOLLE'CT, V. A. [recolMui, 
 Lat.] to revive in, or recover to, the memory; 
 to recover reafon or refolution j to collect 
 again. 
 
 RECOLLE'CTION, S. the aft whereby 
 an idea is fought after by the mind, and with 
 pain and endeavour found, and brought again, 
 in view. 
 
 To RECO'MFORT, V. A. [re and com-. 
 fc't] to comfort or confole again j to give 
 new flrength. 
 
 '1 o RECOMME'NCE, V. A. [recommencer, 
 Fr.] to begin new. 
 
 RECOMME'NCEMENT, S. a beginning 
 a thing anew. 
 
 To RECOMME'ND, V. A. [recomrr.encle>-, 
 Fr.J to praife again ; to render acceptable ; to 
 defaibc a perfon as worthy of the countenance 
 of another. 
 
 RECOMME'NDABLE, Adj. [Fr.] wor- 
 thy of recommendation or praife, 
 
 RECOMMENDA'TION, S. the aft of 
 detailing the good qualities of a perfon to gain 
 him a f-ivourable reception from another. 
 
 RECOMME'ND A TORY, Adj. [from 
 recommei:d] that which commends to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 RECOMME'NDER, S. one who recom- 
 mends. 
 
 To RECOiM.MI'T, V. A. [re and comnnt] 
 to commit anew. 
 
 To
 
 R E C 
 
 R E 
 
 \^ 
 
 .To RECOMPA'CT, V. A. [re anJ com- 
 pacl] to join anew. 
 
 To RE'COMPENSE, V. A. [re:arper>jcr, 
 Fr.] to repaj', or requite ; to return, or give 
 in requital. To make up by lomething of 
 ^qual value. To redeem or pay lor. 
 
 RE'COMPENSE, S. [Fr.] the aft of ma- 
 king a return, or equivalent. 
 
 RECOMPI'LEMENT, S. [« and «».- 
 fiicmeni'] new compilement. 
 
 To RECOMPO'SE, V. A. [recon:poler, 
 Fr.] to fettle or cjuiet anew. To form or ad- 
 juft anew. 
 
 RECOMPOSITION, S. compofuion re- 
 newed. 
 
 To RECOXCFLE, V. A. [rccondHer, 
 
 To RECO'VER, V. A. [reauvrir, Fr.] 
 to reftcre from flck.n-.fs or dilbrdcr. To re- 
 pair or rejjain after lofi. 
 
 RECO'VER A Bi.E, Adj. capable of being 
 cured or regained. 
 
 RECOVERY, S. cure. The power or 
 z(\ of regaining. The (fate of a pcrlon cured. 
 In law, the putting otf an entail. 
 
 To RKCOU'NT, V. A. [rcconta; Fr.] 
 to tell in a diftirKfland minute manner. 
 
 To RE'COUP, V. A. [reccnur, Fr.] to 
 cut a;5uin. To reply quickly and fliarply. 
 To diicount. 
 
 RECO'URSE, S. pronounced rccoarfc^ 
 from rccours, Fr. recurfia, Lat.J freq'.ient pal- 
 fage. A return or ii'-w attack. Applicatioa 
 
 Fr.] to make a perfon like again. To make or attendance for help in protcflion. The 
 confiftent. To rcflore to favour. h'A fenic i.s moll in ufe, the two former fcnfes 
 
 RECONCI'LEABLE, Adj. fwowr/VwWf, ! being ohfolcte. 
 Fr.l capable of reneued kindnels. Confiftent; j RL'CREANT, Adj. [recreant, Fr.] cow- 
 poflible to be made confident. ardly j mean-fpirited j crying our, or recant- 
 
 RECONCPLEABLENESS, S. [from rf- ing for fear. Apoftate. Falfc. 
 concUeabie'\ confiftence; portibility to be re- | To RE'CRE.^TE, V. A. recreatua, Lat.1 
 conciled. Difpofiiion to renew love. 'to refrelh after labour. T^ aniufc wheii 
 
 RECONCPLEMENT, S. the renewal of } weary. Figuratively, to deli^hc or gratify, 
 kindnefs, or reftorcd to favour. Fricndiliip I To revive, or relieve 
 
 renewed 
 
 RECONCPLER, S. one who 
 friendftiip between others. One who difco- 
 vers the confidence between propofitions. 
 
 RECONCILIA'TION, S. [Fr.] renewal 
 of friendlhip. Agreement of things feem- 
 ingly oppofite. Atonement or expiation. 
 
 To RECONDE'NSE, V. A. to condenfe 
 anew. 
 
 RE'CONDITE, Adj. {reconditus^ Lat.] 
 abftrufe or profound; fecret. 
 
 ToRECONDU'CT, V. A. [reconJ/.'/V, Fr.] 
 to condu^ again. 
 
 To RECONJO'IN, V. A. [rf and conjoin] 
 to join anew. 
 
 To RECO'NQUER, V. A. [;^f o«^/,-v :»-, 
 Fr.] to conquer again. 
 
 To RECONNOPTRE, V. A. to exa- 
 mine in order to make a report. 
 
 ToRECONV£'NE,V,A,[/vand««ffw] 
 to aflcmble anew. 
 
 To RECO'NSECRATE, V. A. [rf and 
 an^ecrate^^ to confecrate anew. 
 
 To RECONVE'Y, V. A. {re and con-vey'] 
 to convey again . 
 
 To RECO'RD, V. A. {records,-, Fr.] to 
 regifter any thing fo as to prefen-e the me- 
 mory of it. 7 o celebrate, or caufe to be re- 
 membered in a folemn manner. 
 
 RECREA'TION, S. re f re (hra en t after toil 
 renews }or wearinefs. Amufcment. 
 
 RE'CREATIVE, Adj. [from recreate'] rc- 
 tVelhing ; giving relief after labour or pain j 
 amufini; ; diverting. 
 
 RE'CREATIVENESS, S. [from reena- 
 ri-ve] the quality of being recreative, 
 
 RECREJVIENf, S. [recre;»ef,ruK, Lat.] 
 drofs; fpume; fuperfiuous or ufelefs parts. 
 
 P.ECREME'NTAL, RECREMENTI- 
 TIOUS, Acij. drolly J coarfe. 
 
 To RECRPiMlNATE, V. N, [recrim- 
 ner, Fr.] to accufe another in return. 
 
 RECRIMINATION, S. [Fr.] theacflof 
 returning one accufa;ion bv another. 
 
 RECRJMINA'TOR, S. [from recrin.;. 
 nate] he that returns one charge with another. 
 
 RECRUDE'SCENT, Adj. [rea-udefcens, 
 Lat.] growing painful or violent again. 
 
 To RECRU'IT, V. A. [r-ecri^cm, Fr.] 
 to repair any thing wafled by new fupplies. 
 To fupply the deficiencies of an army by new 
 men. 
 
 RECRU'IT, S. the fupply of any thing 
 wafled. New foldicrs. 
 
 R ECTA'N GLE, S. [ Fr. ref7:,vgulus, Lat.] 
 an angle confiding of ninety degrees. 
 
 RECTA'.VGULAR, Adj. [reaangu/^rh, 
 Lat.l having an angle confiding of ninety 
 
 RE'CORD, S. [the accent of the noun is degrees, 
 generally on the firftfyllable, bet that of the; RECTIFI'ABLE, Adj. [rectify] capable 
 
 verb always on the laftj a regilteror authen- 
 tic mennorial. 
 
 RECORDA'TION, S. [reeord^tlo, Lat.] 
 remembrance. 
 
 of being fet right. 
 
 RECriFICA'TIONT, S. [Fr.jtheaacf 
 fetting a thing light \\hich is wrong. In 
 difiillery, the aft of drawing fpirits a icconol 
 RECO'RDER, S. one who regifters any i time, in order to increaie their fiiengtl\. 
 event. The keeper of the rolls in a city. A To R.E'CTIFY, V. A. [:-eJij7cr, Fr.l to 
 
 kind of flute. 
 
 Tj RE'COUCH, V, a. to lie down again. 
 
 make right, or reform. To increafe the 
 ifrength of /pirits by repsuted dii'tillation. 
 
 RECTI-
 
 RED 
 
 RECTILI'NEAR, RECTILI'NTiOUS, 
 Adj. [from rcEius and linea, Lat.j Conlifling 
 ct right lines. 
 
 RE'CllTUDE, S. [Fr.j ftraitnefsoppo- 
 (cd tTCurvity. Uprightnefs, orfreedom from 
 iiey vice or biafs, applied to the mind. 
 
 RE'CTOR, S. [reaeur, Fr. rU'for, Lat.j 
 a ruler. A p-irloa or mini.lerof an tnim- 
 propriated pariJh. 
 
 RE'CTOKSHIP, S. the rank or office ot 
 aredor. 
 
 RE'CTORY, S. [reae^at, Fr.] a fp Iritual 
 living, confining of land, tythe, and other 
 oblations, feparatcd and dedicated to God, 
 for the fervicc of the church, and for the 
 maintenance of the niiiiller, to vvhofe 
 charge it is committed. 
 
 RECUBATION S. {recuho, Lat.] the 
 a£l of lying or leaning. 
 
 RECU'MBENCY, S. Irecumbcm, Lat.j 
 lying or leining. 
 
 RECU'MBENT, Adj. lying ; leanin'V. 
 
 F.ECU'PERABLE, Adj. [rccui>^rabUh, 
 Lit.] eafy to be recovered. 
 
 RECUi'ERA'TION, S. the aft of reco- 
 Ttring. 
 
 RECUPERATCyRY, Adj. pertaining to 
 recovery. 
 
 To KECU'R, V. N. [rccurro, Lat.] to 
 come back, or revive to the mind. To have 
 jrecouife to, o; take refuge in. 
 
 To RECU'RE, V. A. [re and cure'^ to re- 
 cover from ficknefs or iahour. 
 
 RECU'RE, S. recovery ; remedy. 
 
 RECU'RRENCE, RECU'RRENCY, S. 
 [from reairya!t\ return. 
 
 RECU'RRENT, Adj. [yecumnt, Fr. re- 
 ctn-rem, Lat.] returning from time to time. 
 
 RECURSION, S. [recurjui, Lat.] re- 
 tiirn. 
 
 RECURVA'TiON, RECU'RVITY, S. 
 Cexure backwards. 
 
 RECU'RVOUS, Adj [w«/-w/i, Lat.] bent 
 backwards. 
 
 RECU'SANT, S. \rec:ifam, Lat.] one 
 that refufcs to comply with tlie terms of a 
 communion or fociety. 
 
 RECUS'SION, S. li-ecujfus, Lat.] the aft 
 ©f beating buck. 
 
 RED, Adj. [rati, red. Sax. rouge, Fr.] 
 ©ne of the primitive colours, of which the 
 human blood rs. 
 
 REDAN, REDENT, S. in fortification, 
 ?n indented work, made in form of tiie 
 ttethofaftW, with faliant and re-entering 
 angles. 
 
 REDA'RGUATION, S. [Lat.] a dif- 
 provin;; or confuting. 
 
 RF/D-SREAST, S. a fmall biiJ fo called 
 from tiie colour of its bread. 
 
 To REDDEN, V. A. to make red. Neu- 
 terly to grow red or blufli. 
 
 REDDISH, S. fomewhat red. 
 _ REDDI'TION. S. [reddt, Let.] rcftitii- 
 flcn, 
 
 RED 
 
 RE'DDTTIVE, Adj. in grammar, appiisi 
 to the anfwer made to a queflion. 
 
 RE'DDLE, S. an earth of the metal kind, 
 of a clofc and even colour, fmooth, glofly, 
 uncluous, remarkably heavy, ofafineHorid 
 red ; that in England is the fincll in the 
 world. 
 
 REDE, S. [>W, Sax.] conncil or advice. 
 " His own rcjc." SkakeJ. Not in ufe. 
 
 To REDEE'M, V. A. [redimo, Lat] to 
 refcue or relieve by paying a price. To re- 
 compenfe. To pay an atonement ; to free 
 from guilt. To free a pledge by paying 
 what money was lent on it, together witli 
 the inteieft. 
 
 REDEE'MABLE, S. [from ndeeml capa- 
 ble of redemption. 
 
 REDEE'MABLENESS^ S. [from redeem- 
 able] tli.e (late of being redeemable. 
 
 REDKE'MER, S. one who ranfoms or 
 faveslrom guilt by paying a price or making 
 an atonement. A term trei^uciUly applied 
 to our bl'jlied Saviqur. 
 
 To REDELl'VER, V. A. [re andrff/iwr] 
 to deliver back, 
 
 REDELI'VERY, S. [from reddlwrl the 
 a(fl of delivering back. 
 
 To REDEMAND, V. A. [redcmand^r, Fr.] 
 to demand back. 
 
 RE'UEMPTION, S. [rv.redc»!f>tk,Lzt.] 
 ranibm, or delivery from guilt or punilhmcnt 
 by makin'^ atonement. 
 
 REDE'IvIPTORY, Adj. paid for ran- 
 fom. 
 
 To REDENI'GRATE, V. A. to cover 
 again with black. 
 
 REDHICI'TION, S. in civil lavv,an zCihn 
 to make void the fale of certain goods, and 
 to oblioc the feller to take them back. 
 
 RE'D-HOT, Adj. healed fo as to appear 
 red. 
 
 REDI'NTEGRATE, Adj. [redwtegratus, 
 Lat.j reflorcd ; renewed; made new. 
 
 REDINTEGRA'TION, S. [from redin- 
 tcgrate'] renovation ; refloration. Rcdintegra- 
 ckn, chymJHs call the telloving any mixed bo- 
 by or matter, whofe form has been deflroyed, 
 to its former nature and conftitution. 
 
 RE'D-LEAD, S, [red iuA lead] minium. 
 
 RE'DNESS, S. [from red] the quality of 
 being red. 
 
 REDOLENCE, RE'DOLENCY, S. 
 [from redc/er.t] fwect fcent. 
 
 RE'DOLENT, Adj. [redolois, Lat.] fwect 
 of fcent. 
 
 To REDOU'BLE, V. A. to repeat often. 
 To increase by frequent additions of the fame 
 quantity. Ntutcrly, to become twice as 
 mutli. 
 
 REDOU'BT, S. [redorite, Fr. ridona, Ital ] 
 the outwork of a fortification. 
 I REDOIJ'BTABLE, Adj. [Fr.] terrible to 
 enemies. 
 
 I REDOU'CTED, Adj. [tcdii.lie, Fr.] aw- 
 ! fill ; loiniidiible. 
 
 To
 
 REE 
 
 R E F 
 
 , To REDOU'ND, V. N. [redurJc, Lat.] j To REEL, V. A. to wind yarn onth? 
 to be driven back again. To conduce. To fpindle on a frame. 
 
 rcfult. To REEL, V. N. [ro//V«, Pdg r^gla. 
 
 To REDRE'SS, V. A. [redrepr, Fr.] to Swed.] to ftagger or run from one fideaod 
 
 fet right or amend. To relieve, rem 
 cafe ; more properly applied to things. 
 
 REDRE'S.S, S. a relief of grievances. 
 Reformanon ; remedy. 
 
 To RL'DSEAR, V.N. applied to iron, 
 ■which, when too hot, bieaks or cracks un- 
 der tlie hammer. 
 
 RtDSTRE'AK, S. an apple fo called from 
 Jts colour, preferred to all other fruit for mak- 
 ing cyder. " Cyder made from redjlreak 
 apples." 
 
 To REDU'CE, V. A. {reduco, Lat.] to 
 bring it to its former flate. To reform any 
 ftate of difbrder. To break into fmall pieces, 
 To degrade. To bring into a ftate of want 
 or miiery. To fiibdne. 
 
 REDU'CEIVIENT, S. the a<n: of bringing 
 back, fubduing, reforming, or dimiiiilhing. 
 
 REDU'CER, S. [from reduce] one that 
 reduces. 
 
 REDL'CIBLE, Adj. [from nduce] pofH- 
 ble to be reduced. 
 
 REDU'CIBLENESS, S. [from reducihk'] 
 quality of being reducible. 
 
 REDU'CTION, S. [Fr.] the aft of break- 
 ing into pieces, or bringing into order from a 
 ftate of diforder. In arithmetic, to bring 
 numbers into their loweft terms. 
 
 REDU'CTIVE, Adj. [reducTif, Fr,] hav- 
 ing the power of reducing. 
 
 then to the other, in walking. 
 
 RE-ELE'CTION, S. repeated ekaion. 
 
 To RE-ENACT, V. A. fo enaO anew. 
 
 To RE-E'NJOY, V, A. to enjoy a fcconi 
 time. 
 
 To RE-ENTER, V. A. [re and enter] to 
 enter again ; to enter anew. 
 
 To KE-ENTHRO'NE, V. A. torcplacs 
 in a throne. 
 
 RE-E'NTRANCE, S. [re and ef:traT,:el 
 the aft of entering again, 
 
 REE'RMOU.SE, S. [hrcremus, Lat.] a bat. 
 
 To R£-E'STABLISH, V. A. to eftablilh 
 again. 
 
 RE-ESTA'BLISHER, S. [from re-ej}a- 
 t!ijb'\ one that re-eftablifhes. 
 
 R£-ESTA'BL1SHMEN F, S. the aft of 
 re-eftablilhing ; the Uate of being rc-ella- 
 biifhed ; refiauration. 
 
 To RE-EXA'MINE, V. A. to examine 
 again. 
 
 To REFE'CT, V. A. \refca-^s, Lat.] to 
 reflore after hunger and fatigue. 
 
 REFE'CTION, S. {^v.refeaio, Lat.] re- 
 frelliment after hunger and fatigue. 
 ^ REFE'CTIVES, .S. medicines which re- 
 frelh, and renew ftrength, 
 
 REFECTORY, S. [ref.aoh-e, Fr.] a 
 room for refrefliment or eating. 
 
 To REFE'L, V. A. \refeilo, Lat.} to re- 
 
 REDU'CTIVELY, Adv. by reduftion ; fute or deflroy an argument. 
 by confequence. To REFER, V. A. [refa-e, l.at. riferer, 
 
 REDU'NDANCE, or REDU'NDANCY, Fr.] to fend to or difmifs^for information of 
 
 S. \_redundantia, Lat.] a ftatc wherein things 
 abound to tviccfs. 
 
 REDU'NDANT, Adj. [/vAwa'^wj, Lat.] 
 fiipcrfluons. Abounding to excefs. Ufing 
 more words than are ufeful. 
 
 To REDU'PLICATE, V. A. [r^and du- 
 flkate] to double. 
 
 REDUPLICA'TTON, S. [from ridu^li- 
 aitc] the a(fl of doubling. 
 
 REDU'PLICATIVE, Adj. ireduplicatlf, 
 Fr.] double. 
 
 RE'D-WING, S. a bird. 
 
 To REE, V. A. to riddle ; to f;ft. 
 
 To RE-E'CHO, V. N. to echo back. 
 
 RE'ECHY, Adj. [corrupted from reck] 
 fmoaky ; foocy. 
 
 REED, .S. \rcod. Sax. rkd. Tent.] a hoi- 
 low knotted (Talk. A fmall pipe. An arrow. 
 
 To RE-E'DIFY. V. A, to build again. 
 
 RE'EDY, Ad], aboimdinu with reeds 
 
 REEK, S. [rcc. Sax.] fleam j vapour. 
 A pile of coin or hay, uilially fpclt and pro 
 i^unced rlc. 
 
 To REEK, V. N. \rccan, Sax.] to fmoke ; 
 to fleam ; to emit vapour. 
 
 RER'KY, Adj. fmo.'.ky; tanned ; black. 
 
 REEL, S. [rcol, Sax.] a turning fismc, on 
 which yarn is wound from the fpindle. 
 
 udgment. To addrefs or apply to for judg- 
 ment. Neutcrly, to have refpcd or relation. 
 
 REFERE'E, S. one to whom any thing 
 is fubmitted or referred. 
 
 RK'FERENCE, S. relation ; refpeft; view 
 towards. DifmilTion to another tribunal. 
 
 REFERE'NDARY, S. [ref.rcrdm, Lat.] 
 one to who've dccifioH any thing is referred.- 
 An officer in the court of chaiicery ; the 
 mafter of requefts. 
 
 To RE-F£RME'NT, V. A. [rf and /-r- 
 )«f?7f I to ferment anew. 
 
 REFE'RRIBLE, Adj. capable of being 
 confidered as a relation to fomething elfe. 
 
 To REFIN'E, V. A. to clear from dro{s 
 or any impuritie.=. To polifli or clear froriii 
 barbarifms, applied to language. To aHlifl 
 nicety, 
 
 REFI'NEMENT, S. the aft of cleanfing 
 from drofs, foulnefs, or impurity. Improve- 
 ment in elegance. Artificial praftice. Affec- 
 tation of elegance. 
 
 REFI'NER, S. one that clears from drofs, 
 impurity, or liarbarifm'. 
 
 Fo RE'FIT, V. A. \!'ef,:ire, Fr ] to re- 
 pair, or rcficre after cfumagc. 
 
 To REFLF'CT, V. A. [rcfcao, Lat] ta 
 btnd 01 I'irow b.tck. Neutcrly, to throw b.ick 
 
 light.
 
 R E F 
 
 light, cr an Iraatie repvefentcd in i mirror- 
 To thro A' Lack ilie iboiights on thcmlelves 
 or thing? pall. To conlkler attentively. To 
 bring reproach. 
 
 REFLE'CTENT, Adj. [reflutens, Lat.] 
 tentting back ; flying back. 
 
 REFLE'CTION, S. [refuaicn, Fr. rcp^us. 
 L.at.] the aft of throwing or bending back \ 
 any image reprefentcd or rcflcfted in a look- 
 ing-glafs ; thought employed on things part ; 
 the perception of the operation of our own 
 mind within us, as employed about the ideas 
 it has got ; attentive confidcration ; cen- 
 fure. 
 
 REFLE'X, Adj. [ref.exus, Lat.] direfted 
 backward. 
 
 RE'FLEX, S. {rcfcxus, Lat ] rcfleaion. 
 
 REFLEXIbl'Lli-Y, S. (from rcficxihle] 
 the difpofition of rays to be turned out of a 
 right line, tlveir natural coiufe inpaffingout 
 of one medium into another. 
 
 REFLE'XIBLE, Adj. [refiexus.l.zt.] ca- 
 pable of being thrown back, or turned 
 iVoni their natural courfe, applied to rays 
 tof light. 
 
 REFLF.'XIVE. .Adj. [rcLJlexus, Lat.] hav- 
 ing refpect to fomething back ; capable of 
 ieflefling. 
 
 REFLE'XIVELY, Ad\'. in a backward 
 i^ire<ftion. 
 
 REFLO'AT, S. [re ani foot] ebb; re- 
 flux. 
 
 REFLORE'SCENCE, S. [nf.orcfcem:, Lat.] 
 the quality of flourilhing or bloflbming a- 
 iiew. 
 
 To REFLOU'RISH, V. A. [re and/o«- 
 tifo] to flourilh anew. 
 
 To REFLOW, V. N. [rejluer, Fr.] to 
 ^o:\' back. 
 
 REFLU'EMT, Adj. [fomctiiTies ncrcntcd 
 on the firft fjliaLle, from refiuem, Lat. j flow- 
 ing back. 
 
 REFLU'X, S. Wcfiuxus, Lat.] the aft of i having the power lo cool, 
 flowing back ; the backward courfe of wa- REFRI'GFRATORY, S. that part of a 
 ter. diftilling vetTel that is placed about the head 
 
 To REFO'CILLATE, V. A. [;v/;a7,'a-j of a (till, and filled with water to coo! the con- 
 
 R E F 
 
 REFRA'CTION, .S. [Fr.] the firte of i 
 ray \\hoib courfe is turned from a right line 
 in going into a denfer medium. 
 
 REFRA'CTIVE, Adj. having the power 
 of refraf^ion. 
 
 REFRA'CTORINESS, S. [homrefrac- 
 tcrf'\ fulltn o!)i^in..cy. 
 
 'RKFRA'CTORY, Adj. [from refraRdre, 
 Fr. i-cfi\-Mai-'.tn, Lat.] ohllinute ; Aubhorn j 
 not fubmitting to authority or command. 
 
 RE'FRA.GA13LE, Adj. [refr^gabUis, Lat.] 
 liable to be confuted. 
 
 ToREFRA'lN, V. A. [rcfrcfit-r, Fr.] to 
 hold back or keep from adlion. Neuterly, to 
 forbear or abftain. 
 
 REFRANGIBI'LITY, S. [from rcfrari- 
 Fil>.'e} tlie difpofition of a ray of light to be 
 turned out of its natural courfe by parting out 
 of one medium into anoiher. 
 
 REFRA'NGIBLE, Adj. [from re ard 
 frango, Lat.] capable of being turned ent of 
 a right line, or their natural courfe, applied 
 to the ray.s of light. 
 
 REFRE NATION, S. [«and//-^w,Lat.] 
 the a(fl of reftraining. 
 
 To REFRE'SH, V. A. {refraUher, Fr.] 
 to refrcfli after Ir.bour, pain, or want. To 
 repair or improve any thing impaired by ne\» 
 touches. T o cool. 
 
 REFRE'SHHR, S. that which refrefiie;;. 
 
 REFRE'SHMENT, .S. relief after pain, 
 hunger, or fatigue. Figuratively, food of 
 reft. 
 
 REFRI'GER.'INT, Adj. [Fr.] cooling ; 
 mitigatini; jieat. 
 
 To REFRl'GERATE, V. A. lrefr\gera. 
 tin, Lat.] to cool. 
 
 REFRIGhRA'TION, S. {rcfrlgerath, 
 Lat.] the aft of cooling ; the fl:ate of being 
 cooled. 
 
 REFRI'GERATIVE, REFRI'GFRA- 
 TORY, Adj. [j-cfiigeratoriu!, Lat.] cooling; 
 
 i:i!>:, Lat.] to reficfl-! <r chcrifli 
 
 REFOCILLA'TION, S. refloration of 
 ftrength bv refrefimient. 
 
 To REFO'RM, V. A. [reformo, Lat. 
 refo'-intr, Fr.] to change from worfe to better. 
 Neuterly, to alter or make a change from 
 worfe to better. 
 
 REFO'RM, S. reformation or amend- 
 Dicnr. 
 
 REFGRrvrA'TION, S. f Fr.} the aft or 
 •ftate of changing from worfe to better ; the 
 change of religion from corruption to its pri- 
 mitive (late. 
 
 REFO'R M ER, S. one who makes a change 
 from bad to better ; one who exploded the 
 errors introduced into religion, and reduced 
 it to its primitive ftate. 
 
 To REFRACT, V. A. {refraElus, Lat.] 
 to break the natural courfe of a ray. 
 
 den fing vapours. Any thing in icrnallv cooling. 
 
 rxEtRrCPIRIUlVl, S. [Lat.]' cool re- 
 freftment. 
 
 REFT, [pret. and part, pafli of Reave] 
 taken or took away. 
 
 RE'FUGE, S. {Yr.rcfightm, Lat.] flieltcr 
 from danger or difhefs. An expedient. 
 
 !o REFUGE, V. A. [rcfm^ier,Yx.'] to 
 (helter or proteft in danger ordiltrefs. 
 
 REFUGE'E, S. [refiig'ie, Fr.] one that 
 flies his country to avoid perfecution. 
 
 REFU'LGENCE, S. [*ee Refulgekt.] 
 fpavkling or hriniit fplendor. 
 
 REFU'LGENT, Adj. Ircfmgerts, Lat.] 
 bright ; gliftering ; fliining. Splendid. 
 
 to REFU'ND, V. N. Wefundo, Lat.] to 
 pour back. Fivir.atively, to reflore or repay 
 what is received. Ufed with the reciprocal 
 pronoun bimfclf. to reimburfc. 
 
 REFU'-
 
 k E G 
 
 , REFtrsAL, S. [from refufe'] th« aft of 
 denying to receive any thing offered, or of 
 granting a tiling reqiiefted ; the right of hav- 
 iiig a thing before another. 
 
 To REFU'SE, V. A. [rcfufer, Fr,] to 
 deiry any thing required, or offered. 
 
 RE'FUGE, Adj. [the verb is accented on 
 the fecond fyllable, but the noun on the firfl] 
 unworthy of acceptance after a choice is 
 made. 
 
 RE'FUSE, S. that whicli is (it only to be 
 thrown away, and is left on a choice. 
 
 REFU'SER, S. he wlio refufes. 
 
 REFU'TAL, S. [refuto, Lat.] the art of 
 proving a (entiment to be falfe and erroneous. 
 
 REFUTATION, S. [Fr. •efutatio, Lat.] 
 the aft of exploding, or Ihowing an aflertion 
 to be falfe and ei roneous. 
 
 To REFUTE, V. A. [>efuto, Lat. refutcr, 
 Fr. j to prove falfe and erroneous. ' 
 
 ToREGAfN. V. A. [regagner, Fr.] to 
 gain a fecond time : to recover any thing loft. 
 
 RE'GAL, Adj. [Fr. ragalh, Lat.] royal. 
 
 RE'GAL, S. [^legale, Fr.J a innfical in- 
 ftrument. 
 
 REGALE, S. [Lat.] the prerogative of 
 a king. 
 
 To REGA'LE, V. A. [regalcr, Fr.] to 
 feaft ; to give an entertainment ; to refrelh. 
 
 REGA'LEMENT, S. [Fr.] refrefhmentj 
 Entertainment. 
 
 REGA'LIA, S. [Lat.] the enfigns of a 
 king. 
 
 R- GA'LITY, S. [regaHs, Lat.] royalty ; 
 fovereignty. 
 
 To REGA'RD, V. A. [regarder, Fr.] 
 to value ; to look upon as worthy of notice. 
 To refpeft or mind. To obfcrve religioully. 
 To refpeft or have relation to. To look to- 
 wards. 
 
 REGA'RD, S. [Fr.] attention to, as a 
 matter of importance. Refpccf. Relation. 
 Note or eminence. Look or afpecfl. "With 
 ftern regard." M'lhon. K\\ o\i)z€i of figlu. 
 
 REGA'RDABLE, Adj. [fro.m rcgardl ob- 
 icrvable. Worthy of notice. 
 
 RRGA'RDANT, Adj. in heraldry, a lion 
 or fuch kind of bell of piey, painted as 
 looking behind liim. 
 
 REGA'RDER, S. [from rcg»rd\ one that 
 regards. 
 
 REGA'RDFUL, Adj. [regard, vccA fuir\ 
 attentive ; taking notice of. 
 
 REGA'RDFULLY, Adv. attentively; 
 heedfuUy. Refpertfully. 
 
 REGA'RDLESS, Adj. hcedlefs; negli- 
 gent ; without taking notice. 
 
 REG-.'RDLKSLY, Adv. without heed. 
 
 REGA'RDLESNESS, S. hecdlcfs ; neg- 
 ligence ; inattention. 
 
 RE'GENCY, S. [from rc--ent'\ authority 
 or government. Government adminiftcrcd 
 for another. The diftricf governed by a vice- 
 gerent. Thofe who are intrufl-ed with tJic 
 government in behslf of an others 
 
 REG 
 
 To RE'GENERATE, V. A. Iregencntmi 
 Lat. regcnerer, Fr.] to produce anew. Ts 
 renew by a change of nature from a carnai 
 to a chriflian ftate. 
 
 REGE'NERATE, Adj. [rcgeneratus,-L3.t.1 
 produced anew. Born again or having one's 
 natural difpofitions changed by divine grace. 
 
 REGENERATION, S. [Fr.] new birth ; 
 birth by grace from carnal afiedtions to a 
 chriflian life. 
 
 RE'GENT, Adj. [Fr. regeTis,'Lzt.'] govern-' 
 ing. Exercifnig authority for another. 
 
 RE'GENT, S. a governor or ruler. One 
 inverted with authority for, or ruling in be- 
 half of another. 
 
 RE'GENTSHIP, S. the office orflatcof 
 a vice-gerent. 
 
 To REGE'RMINATE, V. A. [regermi- 
 futum, Lat.] to fpring, or bud out, again. 
 
 REGERMINA'flON, S. [re 3.iid germi- 
 nathn'] the aft of fprouting again. 
 
 RE'GIBLE, Adj. governable. 
 
 RE'GICFDE, S. [regicida, Lat.] the aft 
 of murdering a king. One guilty of mur- 
 dering his king. 
 
 RE'GIMlN, S. [Lat.] that regulation in 
 diet and living fuitable to every particular 
 courfe cf medicine. Rule or government. 
 
 RE'GIMENT, S. [Fr.] a^'bodyof foldiers 
 under one colonel. 
 
 REGIME'NTAL, Adj. belonging to s: 
 regiment. Ufed in the plural for the particu- 
 lar un'form by which one regiment is dif- 
 tinguifhed from another. 
 
 RE'GION, S. [Fr. regio, Lat.] a traft of 
 land. A country. A part of the body. Place 
 or rank. 
 
 RE'GISTER, S, [reg-Jlre, Fr, regifirum^ 
 Lat.] an account of any thing committed to 
 writing in fome book kept for that purpofe. 
 An officer who commits any account or tranf- 
 aftion to writing. 
 
 To RE'GISTER, V. A. [regiflrer, Fr.] to 
 commit to writing, in order to preferve from 
 oblivion. To enrol or fet down in a lid. 
 
 RtL'GlSTRY, S. the aft of inferting in 
 a regifler. The place where a regiffer is 
 kept. 
 
 RE'GLET, S. [rcgju'itc, rr.Jaledgecf 
 wood ufcd by printers to feperatc their lines 
 in pages, wherein they arc printed at confider- 
 able didanccs from each other. 
 
 RR'GNANT, Adj. [Fr.] predominant; 
 principal : reigning ; having power. 
 
 ToREGO'RGE, V. A. {'-egirgcr, Fr.] 
 to vomit up ap-ain. To fwallow back. 
 
 To REGRA'FT, V. A. ['.v'v//.r, Fr.]- 
 to graft again. 
 
 To REGRA'NT, V. A. [re and grar^t^^ 
 to grant back. 
 
 To REGRA'TE, V. A. [from ^r^/^1 tw 
 fliock or offend. " i^r^'d'.VY/^ the eye." Dcrb. 
 To engrofs or forefial, from rr^rattkr^ Fr. 
 
 REGRA'TER, S. [>;grj;:i:r, Fr.] fore- 
 ftaller 5 en^'ollcr. 
 
 4. To Rl-
 
 R E J 
 
 To REGREE'T, V. A. to re-filutc ; to 
 greet a fecond time. 
 
 REGE-EL'T, S. retHrn or exchange of fa- 
 
 liitation. 
 
 REGRE'SS, S. [regr/s, Fr. r:greffu:, Lat.] 
 pailage back. The power of palling back 
 again. 
 
 REGRE'T, S. [Fr. rfgrcrto. Ital.] forrow 
 for fotnethinj^ paft, or fomcthing lo(L Ufed 
 by Prior in the plural, but without autho- 
 rity. 
 
 To REGRET, V. A. \regretter, Fr.] to 
 repent, or grieve at fomcthing done or pall. 
 To be UReafy Ht. 
 
 REGUE'RDON, S. [mniiuerdon^xc- 
 weird ; recompence. 
 
 To REGUE'RDON, S. [from the noun] 
 to reward. 
 
 RE'GULAR, Adj. [reguHer, Fr. regularr, 
 Lat.j conformable or agreeable to rule or 
 method. In geometry, aj>p!ied tofuch bodies 
 whofe fiirfacc is compofed of equal figulc, 
 ■whofe folid angles arc all equul. InftitutcJ, 
 initiated, or educated according to received 
 forms or difcipline. 
 
 RE'GULAR, S. [ycgulkr, Fr.] in the 
 Romifh church, a perfcn that profefles and 
 follows a certain rule of life, and ebferves the 
 three vows of poverty, chaflity, and obe- 
 dience. 
 
 REGULA'RITY, S. [regulante, Fr.] the 
 quality or (fate of being contormablc to rule, 
 order, or method. 
 
 RE'GULAi^LY, Adv. in a manner agree- 
 able to rule. 
 
 To RE'GULATE, V. A. \regtda, Lat.] to 
 adjnd or diredl by rule or method. 
 
 R EGULA'TOR, S. [Lat. [one that dlrec'^s 
 nr adjuHs by rule or method. 'I he part of a 
 Knchine whicli makes the motion eoual. A 
 clock made ufe of to adjuft tiie n)otions of 
 others. 
 
 RE'GULUS, S. [Lat.] the finer and mofl 
 vreighty pare of metals uhich fettles at the 
 bottom on me'tin'T. 
 
 To REGU'RgItATE, V. A. [from re 
 i.r\i ptirg i, Lat.] to throw or pour back any 
 thing atifovbcd. Neuteriy, to l;e poured back. 
 
 REGURGITA'TION.S. [rrcmthe\eibj 
 reforption : the atTi of fwa How inn back. 
 
 REHABILITA'TION. S in'canon I.w, 
 fignines d re enabling or renciii'g to a former 
 ai'ility. 
 
 To REHE'AR, V. A. to hear again. 
 
 P,r.HEA'K.SAL, S. I from ,d.-cayie\ ihc z{\ 
 of repeating or pronouncing. 'J he recital, 
 trI.J, or pronouncing of any thing bsloretlie 
 tf piefentjtion of it pulliely. 
 
 \o REHEA'R.>^E, V. A- [from lehrnrl to 
 repeat, recite, or rei.-.tc. To try or pronounce, 
 as orepsr.iiorv to pul.Iic exhibition. 
 
 ToRFJiCT, V. A. [r},aus,l.-it.'] xo 
 refue wllhriit c- rrpi'iince or cnnfent, when 
 ofl>-r-.i. cr rci-juclkj. To c-JX c!j o; tl-.rcw 
 
 S 
 
 R E I 
 
 REJECTA'BLE, Adj. th?t may be fc- 
 jefted. 
 
 REJECT A'NEOUS, Adj. [Lat ] iinprcr- 
 firable; held in fmall eftimation j thrown 
 atide. 
 
 REJE'CTION, S. [rc-eak, Lat.] the aft 
 of calling off or throwing; afide. 
 
 REIGLE', S. [Fr.] ahoUow cut to guide 
 any thing 
 
 To REIGN, V.A. [pronounced »<7?», front 
 rceiio, Lat. regacr, Fr.] to enjoy or exercife 
 fovtreign authority. To be predominant or 
 prevail. To obtain power or dominion. 
 
 REIGN, S. [rcg-r?, Fr regnum, Lat. J 
 royrtl authority. The time during which a 
 perfon esercifes fovereign authority. A 
 kingdom or dominion. 
 
 To REIMB-A'RK, V. A [retrMrker, Fr.] 
 to take fliipping again. 
 
 RELMI:AKKA'TI0N, S. [rembarque- 
 mevt, Fr.J the aQ of going on ihipboard a- 
 gain. 
 
 To REIMBO'DY, V.A. [from r^ and 
 imhdy, written iriorefrequondv, but lefs pro- 
 perly, ev:l:'dy^ to reduce to ;i body asain. 
 
 lo RKIMKU'RSE, V.A. [from ;r, m, 
 and hoiirje^ Fr.J to pay again 3 or repair any 
 lofs or expence. 
 
 REIMBU'RSFMENT, S, [from r«V;;/5ar/;^ 
 reparation or repayment. 
 
 To REIMPRE'GNATE, V. A. \rc and 
 iK-.pregnute \ to impreiinate anew. 
 
 REIIMi'RESSION, S. \,-e and imprejf.cn'] 
 a fecond or repeated impreflion, 
 
 REIN, S. [rerf.s Lat.] that part of a bridle 
 which extends from the horfe's head to the 
 driver's hand. Figuratively, government, or 
 an inflruiTient and manner of government. 
 To gme the reins^ is to remove reflraint or 
 give liberty. 
 
 To KEIN, V. A. to govern by a bridle. 
 Figuratively to reflrain or control. 
 
 REINS, S. [not ufed in the fingniar, re- 
 tifs, Lat. rein, Fr.J the lower and the fmall- 
 eft part of the, back. 
 
 To R Ei N FE'CT, V. A. [of r^ and i>ifc!7, 
 Lat J to infeft or. corrupt again. 
 
 To REINFOR'CE, V. A. [of«andf»- 
 frcei-y Fr.J to add new foice or Ihength ; to 
 recruit. 
 
 REINFORCE'MENT, S. fupply ; aflif- 
 tance. 
 
 To REIN<;E'RT, V. A. [»•." and Ir.jcrt] 
 to infert a fecond time. 
 
 To REINS IT'RE, V. A. [« z.v\i h'.ffvel 
 to infpire anew. 
 
 To REINSTA'L, V.A. tofeatagain. To 
 put ag:iin in podilTion. 
 
 To REINSTATE, V. A. tp put again 
 ir.tc pc!'!c(Iion of any port or office. 
 
 To RE' INTEGRATE, V. A. \re and 
 irteger, Lat.] to renew with rt-g:nd to any 
 ilatc or quality. 
 
 To REINVE'ST, V, 
 to ;::ve!^ :;kvV. 
 
 A. [/-e 
 
 >f\
 
 R E L 
 
 To REJOI'CE, V. N. [rcjou'ir, Vr.] to 
 VeceiVe repeated and incrcallng pleafurc- from 
 fomethino pnlt; ufcd v/ilh fat or ist, Acftive- 
 ly, to m ike joyful or gljd. 
 
 REJOi'CER, S. one thnt rejoices. 
 To REJOI't^, V. A. [pronounced rcjir^e, 
 from rejo'mdo'-, Fr.] to go a<^ tin. To meet 
 ag.iin. Ncuterly, to reply to an anAver. 
 
 REJOI'NDER, S. [rejchidrc, Fr.j a reply 
 made to an anfuer. An anfwer. 
 
 REJO'LT, S. [rejah; Fr.] (hock; fuc- 
 ceffion. 
 
 To REI'TERATE, V. A. [re and kcratus, 
 Lat. rcitzfcr, Fr.j to repeat again and again, 
 REITERATION, S. [Fr.j repetitiou. 
 To REJU'DGE, V. A. to try a fccond 
 time. 
 
 REJUVENES'CENCy, S. [Lat.] leQo- 
 ration of youth. 
 
 To REKl'NDLE, V. A. to fet on fire, or 
 inflame again. 
 
 To RF.LA'SPE, V. A. [relapjus, Lat.] to 
 flip or fall back. To fall a fccond time into 
 vice. To fall Tick a fccond time I'rom a ftate 
 of recovery. 
 
 RELA'PSE, S. a fecond fall into a vice or 
 error forfaken. A return to any ftatc, c(f>c- 
 ciail/ into ficknefs fiom a ftate of recovery. 
 ToRELA'TE, V. A. [rclatus, Lat.] toi'cll 
 or recite. To ally or be near to by kindred. 
 Neuterly, to have relation or refpedt. 
 
 RELA'TER, S. one that tells or delivers 
 any narration. 
 
 RELA'TION, S. [Fr.] the manner of 
 feeionginw to any perfoii or thing. The re- 
 fpecfl which one thing has to another when 
 compared. Connciflion of one thing to ano- 
 
 R E L 
 
 RELE'ASE,S. [rclache, Fr.] difcharpe froni 
 pain, penalty, claim, confinement, or fervi- 
 tude. An acquittance from a debt. 
 
 To RELLGATE. V. A. [,eL'guer, Fr. 
 rekgo, Lat.j !o bapith ; to ey.ile. 
 
 REL-EGA'TION, ^^ {idcgauo, Lat.] ex- 
 '.; judicial baniuM-'ent. 
 To RELE'NT, v'. Vu [relent e,-, Fr. ] to 
 foftcn, or grow lefs rigc oiT, hard, or tciife* 
 To give, melt, vr g-ow moift 
 _ RELE'NTLF.SS, Adj. (from relcr::] un- 
 pitying; unmoved by kindncfs or tentlerncfs* 
 KK'LEV'ANT, Adj. [Fr.j reKevinp-. 
 RELEVA'TION, S. Irelcvaiio, L^t.j a 
 raifinp or lifting up. 
 
 RELI'ANCE, S. [from n-/y] trud ; ccn- 
 fider^ce on another. Ufed with on. 
 
 RE'LIC, S, [rcuqida:, Lat. rrjique, Fr.j 
 that which remains of any colledion or thing 
 after the other part is taken by choice; ge- 
 nerally nfed in the plural. The body of a 
 perfon after death. Any thing kept in me- 
 mory of a perfon decealcd. 
 
 RE'LICT, S. [teliae, Fr. rcliaus, Lat.] 
 a widow or woman whofe liufband is dead. 
 
 RELLE'F, S. [Fr J that part of a figure 
 which flicks out beyond the ground. Allevi- 
 ation, or mitigation of forrow, pain, or dif- 
 trefs. That which frees from danger, pain, 
 or forrow. The difmifllon of a fentinel froni 
 his poft. In law, remedy of wrongs. 
 RELIEV'ABLE, Adj. capable of relief. 
 To RELIE'VE, V. A. [rdc-vo, Lat. rele-veri 
 Fr.j to recommend by the mterpofition of 
 fomcthing of a different nature. To fupport 
 or affift mutually. I'o eafe from pain or for- 
 row. To fuccour or refcue from dano-T. 
 
 ther. A perfon related to another by birth To give rcfl to a foldier, by placino- anotht-r 
 
 or cnarnage. A rccifal of fadl 
 
 P.E'LATIVE, Adj. [re/al}f,Yr. relatl-vus, 
 Lat.] having relation, connexion, or regard, 
 tonfidercd as belonging to and refpe^ting 
 fijmetliing elfe. 
 
 RE'LaTIVE, ~S. a perfon allied to ano- 
 other by birth or marriage. In grammar, a 
 vord or term, which is added to a noun to 
 which it has fome refped, and without which 
 it has no fignificatioii. 
 
 RELATIVELY, Adv. not abfohuely ; as 
 it regards fomething elfe. 
 
 To RELA'X, V. A. [rehxo, Lat.] to 
 flacken any thing (trained. To make Icfs ri- 
 gorous. To m.ake Icfs atrentive or laboiious. 
 To e;ife. To loofe. Neuterly, to be mild 
 remifs, or free fiom rigour. 
 
 RKLAXA'TIGNT, S. [Fr. relaxatio, Lat. j 
 the art of ioofeiiing any thing drained. J he 
 ceilation of reftr^iuc; abatement of rigour, 
 attention, or application. 
 
 RELA'Y, S. [rekir, Fr ] horfes that are 
 placed in ditFerent ftages on a road to relieve 
 others. 
 
 To RELF.'ASF, V. A. [rckchcr, Fr.] to 
 free from confinement, iervitiide, ^uin, ob- 
 r;2at:on, pr reilraj-'it. 
 
 n ins pod. To right by law 
 
 RELJE'VER, S. one who releves. 
 
 RELIE'VO, S. [ital.j that p.an of a fi- 
 gure which projcifis beyond the ground on. 
 which it is carved Jt is diitinguiihed into 
 alto, where it rifes much, or after the life: 
 and lajj'u, when it rifes Lu" little. 
 
 RrcIGA'TION, S. [rengntio^ Lat.] the 
 aft of binding fjlt, or tying'bjck. 
 
 'JoRE'LIGHT, V. a. [,e and %«?] to 
 light anew. 
 
 RELIGION, S. [Fr. rs/;>;,, Lat.] that 
 wcrdiip wliich belongs to tiie Deity, when 
 conf.Jered as our creator, preferter, and be- 
 ncfaflor. Anv fyflem of faith and worlhip. 
 
 RELFGIONiST, S. a perfon bigotted to 
 any religious perfuafion. 
 
 RELl'GlOUS, Adj. \renglcux, Fr. relighf:,:, 
 Lat. J difpofed to the dutie.s of religion.) each- 
 ingourduty towards God. Among the I-iomifh 
 church, bound by the vows of poverty, chafli- 
 ty,and otieuience. Figurative!), cxaft or liriO, 
 
 RELi'GIOU.sLV, Adj. [frcm >u.^io^s\ 
 pioufly ; with obedience to the diitat^s of re» 
 ligiou. According to the rites /f tligion. 
 Fieverently ; with veneration. Exactly; with 
 I'lrict oLfcrvance, 
 
 £ee RELl'GlOUS-
 
 REM 
 
 R E M 
 
 RELT'GIOUSNESS, S 
 flate of being religious. 
 
 To RELrN(:iyiSH,V. A. [rf/wyi/s, Lat.] 
 to forfake, leave, delert, quit, give up, for- 
 bear, or depart from. 
 
 RKLrNQUISHMENT, S. the aft of 
 forfaking. 
 
 RE'LIQUARY, S. [Fr.] a fluine or 
 cafket in which the relicks of deceafcd faints 
 are kept. 
 
 RE'LISH, S. [>e!ccbn; Fr.] theeffea: which 
 any thing has on the organs of tafte, gene- 
 rally applied to foniething agreeable. A fitiali 
 tafle. Figuratively, fondnt-fs or delight in 
 any thing. Senfe, or a power of perceiving. 
 To RE'LISH, V. A. to give a tafte to, 
 or feafon any thing. To have a liking to. 
 ^euterly, to have a pleafing tafte. To give 
 pleafure. 
 
 RELI'SHABLE, Adj. guftable; having a 
 taflc. 
 
 To RELI'VE, V. N. [re and li-jc] to re- 
 vive ; to live a-new. 
 
 To RELO'VE, V. A. [le and lovi] to love 
 in return. 
 
 RELU'CENT, Adj. [rel.wr.s, Lat.] Alin- 
 ing ; tranfparent. 
 
 To RELU'CT, V, N. [reh^.'Icr, Lat.] to 
 ftruggle again. 
 
 RELU'CTANCE, RELU'CTANCY, S. 
 T_> c'uci or, Lat.] unwillingnefs to comply. 
 
 RELU'CTANT, Adj. [,r/u:?a,is, Lat.] 
 unwilling; acting with repugnance. 
 
 To RELU'CTATE.V. N. [ycIuJIor, Lat.] 
 torefifl; to (Jruggle againft. 
 
 RELUCTA'f ION, S. [jWkc^s;-, Lat. ] re- 
 pugnance ; reliltance. 
 
 To RELUME, or RELU'MINE, V. A. 
 to light anew. 
 
 To RE'LY, V. A. to put trufl: or con- 
 fidence in. To depend upon. Ufed with 
 €r. or upon. 
 
 To REMA'IK, V. N. [rcranco, Lat.] to 
 leave behind out of a number, quantity, or 
 after any event, or time. 
 
 REMA'IN, S. any thing left ; generally 
 wfed in the pluril. A dead body. 
 
 REMAINDER, Adj. remaining or left. 
 REMAINDER, S. wliat is left. A dead 
 tody. 
 
 To REMA'KE, V. A. [re and make] to 
 make anew, 
 
 ToREMAN'CIPATE, V. A. [rcmarapo, 
 Lat.] to fell or return a commodity to him 
 *\ho firft fold it. 
 
 ToREMA'InDjV. A. to fend or call back. 
 RE'MANENT, Adj. [ren:ane„s, Lut.] the 
 part remaining. 
 
 REMA'RK, S. [remar^iie, Fr.] an obfer- 
 vation ; a note or criticifm. 
 
 To REMA'RK, V. A. [n-mar^uer, Fr.] to 
 note, obferve, dilHnguifh, or point out. 
 
 REMA'RKABLE, Adj. [Fr.J worthy of 
 pbfervation or notice. 
 
 RF.JMA'RIiABLY, Adv. [i\vmnr:a!iatlc-] 
 
 the quality or j obfervable ; in a manner worthy of obferva- 
 tion. 
 
 REMA'RKER, S. [rcmarqueur, Fr.] ob- 
 ferver ; one that remarks. 
 
 RE'MEDIABLE, Adj. [fee Remedy] to 
 be cured, or removed. 
 
 REME'OIATE, Adj. medicinal ; afford- 
 ing a remedy. 
 
 RE'MEDILESS, Adj. not admitting cure 
 or remedy. 
 
 RE'MEDY, S. [nm/de, Fr. rewedium, Lat.] 
 a medicine by wliich any diftemper is cured. 
 The cure or removal of any uneafinefs or evil. 
 The meins of repairing. 
 
 To RE'M ED Y,V. A. Wcmedicr, Fr.] to cure 
 or heal. To remove or repair any mifchief. 
 
 To REiNIE'MBER, V. A. lrememorc,,Yr. 
 temeinbraie, Ital.] to bear any thing in mind. 
 To recal to the mind. To mention j to re- 
 mind. 
 
 R EME'MBERER, S. one who remembers. 
 
 REME'MBRANCE, S. the aft of the mind 
 
 by which it recalls any idea it once had. Me- 
 
 inory ; honourable memory. Any thing by 
 
 which one is kept in memory. 
 
 REME'MBRANCER, S. one that re- 
 minds J one that puts in mind. An officer 
 of the exchequer. 
 
 To REME'RCIE, V. A. {remercUr, Fr.] 
 to thank. 
 
 To RE'MIGRATE,V. N. [reir.lgn, Lat.] 
 to remove back again. 
 
 REMIGRA'TION, S. removal back a- 
 gain. 
 
 To REMI'ND, V. A. to revive in the 
 memory. 
 
 REMINI'SCENCE, S. {rem\r.;fccnz, Lat.] 
 recollection ; recovery of idea?. 
 
 REMLNTSCENTIAL, Adj. relating to 
 reminifccnce. 
 
 REMTSS, Adj. \remh, Fr. rewijfus, Lat.] 
 wanting vigour j ilack. Slothful, or carelefs. 
 Negligent. 
 
 REMI'SSIBLE, Adj. [from «/n;V] ad- 
 mitting forgivenefs. 
 
 REMFSSION, S. [Fr. remi/fio, Lat.] a- 
 batement of vigour,' feverity, or reftraint. 
 Ceilation of intenfcnefs. Forgivenefs or par- 
 don. 
 
 REMl'SSLY, Adv. in a carelefs, negli- 
 eiint, or flack manner. 
 
 REMI'SSNESS, S. Want of care, atten- 
 tion, vigour, or ardour. 
 
 To REMI'T, V. A. [rcmltto, Lat.] lo 
 make lefs intenfe. To forgive a punilhment, 
 or pardon a fault, from nmirtre, Fr. To re- 
 frgn ; defer j or refer. To fend money to a 
 diitant place. Neuterly, to grow llack or lefe 
 violent by intervals. 
 
 REMI'TMENT, S. [from «r?.;r] the aft 
 of remitting to cullody. 
 
 RE7»II'TTANCE, S. the aft of paying 
 
 money at a diflant place. A fum of money 
 
 received at a diftancc from tlie perfon who 
 
 fends Ir. 
 
 J REMVTTER,
 
 REN 
 
 R1?MI'TTER, S. one that fends money j 
 to didant places. 
 
 RE'MNANT, S. [corrupted from rcma- 
 Ki'ns, Lat. 1 any tiling which is left or remains. 
 
 REMCVMSTRANCE, -S. [Fr.] a ftrong 
 reprefentatiou of tlie ill-confetjuences of any 
 proceedin». 
 
 To REIMO'NSTRATE, V. A. [remo?i- 
 ftratus, Lat.] to fhow reafons again ft any thing 
 in (hong terms. Ufed with a^a'mji. 
 
 RE'MORA, S. [Lat.jaiet orobrtacle. A 
 kind of worm, or fill:, which flicks to the 
 bottom of fhips, and hinders them in tl>eir 
 paflage. 
 
 To REMO'RATE, V. A. {jemm-^r, Lat.] 
 to hinder. 
 
 REMO'RSE, S. [irmorfits, Lat.] uncafi- 
 nefs occafioncd by a confcioufnefs of guilt. 
 I'ity or fympathy. 
 
 REMO'RSEFUL, Adj. [remorfe and full] 
 tender ; compafnonate. 
 
 REMO'KSELESS, Adj. [from remorfe] 
 un pitying ; cruel; favage. 
 
 REMOTE, Adj. [rc>!wtus, Lat.] diftant, 
 applied to time, relation, or place. 
 
 REMO'TENESS, S. the quality of being 
 diftant, applied to relation, time, or place. 
 
 REN 
 
 RENCOU'NTER, S. [w;««/;r, Fr.] the. 
 iCt'ion of two hodies thatmeet,or firikcagainfl 
 each other. Clafli. Oppofition between per- 
 foiis. A loof^ or cafual engagement, A fud- 
 den combat. 
 
 ToRENCOU'NTEP, V.N. [re?7ccn:ra; 
 Fr.] to clafh. To meet an en>.myunexpeft- 
 edly. To (kicmifh with another. To fight 
 hand to hand. 
 
 To REND, V. A to tear with violence; 
 applied to tearing cloth or any thing woven. 
 
 RE'NDER, S. [from rer.d^ one that rends j 
 a tearer. 
 
 To RE'NDER, V. A. [rendrs, Fr.] to 
 pay or give back. To give on demand. To 
 nijke or invcft with quality. To repre- 
 fent. To tranlb.te, followed by in. To fur- 
 render, followed by up. 
 
 RE'NDER, S. [from render'\ furrender. 
 
 RE'NDEZVOUSj S. [Fr.] a meeting, 
 or place of meeting, appointed. 
 
 To RE'NDEZVOL^, V. A. to meet at 
 a place appointed. 
 
 RENDI'TION, S. \_£tom render'), furrcn- 
 dcring ; the aft of yielding. 
 
 RENEGA'DE, or RENEGA'DO, S. [n- 
 vc^ado. Span, rer.ega:, Fr.] one that leaves 
 
 REMO'TION, S. [from remotus, Lat.] | his i-t'ligion on bafs principles. One who de- 
 
 ierts to an enemy. 
 
 To RENE'GE,V.A. frf^f^o.Lat.Jto deny. 
 To RENE'W, V. A.''to reaore to its for- 
 mer flate. To bei^in again or repeat. In 
 fcripture, to make ^levv or change to a new 
 (late of life. 
 
 RENE'WAL, S, the aft of refioring, re- 
 peating, or reducing to its former ftate. 
 
 RENI'TENCY, ?,.- [rcniunt, Fr.] that 
 refifiance in foiid bodies, when they preis 
 upon, or are impelled again ft, each other. 
 
 RENI'TENT, S. [rcnitem, Lat.J aft:ng 
 againft any ippulfe by eladic power. 
 
 RE'NNET, or RE'NNETTING, S. 
 [properly reinette, Fr. a little queen] a kind 
 of apple. 
 
 To RE'NOVATE, V. A. \rcncTafu^, 
 Lat.] to renew or reflore to its firit (late. 
 
 RuNOV.VTION, S. the aft or ftate of 
 being renewed. 
 
 ToRENOU'NCE, V. A. {renoncer,Yx.\ 
 to difown. To quit upon oatli. 
 
 RENOU'NCFMRNT, S. aft of renounc- 
 ing; rcnnnc'ation. 
 
 RENO'WN; S. [rcnvmric, Fr.] prjife 
 widely fpread. 
 
 To RENO'WN, V. A. {>cncmmer, Fr.] 
 to make famous, 
 
 RENT, S. [from ;'W] a hole made by 
 tearing cloth, or any thing woven. 
 
 To RENT, V. A. [from rend] to tear. 
 RENT, S. \7cnti, Fr.] an annual payment 
 for the hire of any thing. A Aim of money 
 due for the hire pf a thing. 
 
 To RENT, V. A. \jaua; Fr.] to hold 
 
 the aft of removing; the ftate of being re 
 moved to diflance. 
 
 REMO'VABLE, Adj. [from rema-je] fuch 
 as may be removed. 
 
 REMO'V^'lL, S, [from remo've'] the aft 
 of putting out of any pod: or place. The 
 ftate of being removed. 
 
 To REMO'VE, V. A. {remowo, Lat.] to 
 take away, or put from it» place. To place 
 at a diflance. Neutcrly, to change place or 
 abode. 
 
 REMO'VE, S. change of place. The aft 
 of moving a chefTman or draught. A flop or 
 feries in the fcale of gradation. A fmall dU- 
 tance. 
 REMO'VER, S. one w'ho removes. 
 To REMO'UNT, V. A. \remonter, Fr.] 
 to mount again. 
 
 REMU'NERARLE, Adj. rewardable. 
 To REMU'NERATE,V. A. {remuncratus, 
 Lat. remuna-cr, Fr. J to reward for ferviccs. 
 
 REMUNER.VTION, S, {lemuncratlc, 
 Lat.] reward J requital ; recompenfe j i-epay- 
 ment, 
 
 REMUNERA'TIVE, Adj. exercifed in 
 difpenfing rewards. 
 
 To REMU'RMUR, V. A. {remurmuro, 
 Lat.] to utter b.ick in murmurs; to repeat 
 in lovv hoarfe founds. Neutcrly, to murmur 
 back ; to echo a low hoarfe (bund. 
 RE'NARD. S. [Fr.] a fox. 
 RENA'SCENT,, Adj. \renafcens, Lat.] 
 produced again ; rifing again into bein?. 
 
 RENA'SCIBLE, Adj! \renafcor, Lat.] 
 ppflible to be produced again 
 
 To RENA'VTGATE, V.'A. \re and «.i- l-y pavin;: rent. To let to a tenant 
 - i'^'O to fail again, j ^ RL'NTABLE, Adj. that may be rented 
 
 £ e e i 
 
 RE'NXA-
 
 HEP 
 
 RE'N^TAL,S.fchedu!coi- account cf rents. 
 
 RE'NTER, S. he that holds by paying 
 rent, 
 
 RENVE'RSED, Adj. [renverf/, Fr.J over- 
 turned. 
 
 !:> RENU'MERATE, V. A- [remmera- 
 turn, Lat.] to pay back. 
 
 RENUNCIATION, S. [renur.datio, Lat.] 
 the aft of renouncing. 
 
 To REORDA'IN, V. A. to ordain again, 
 ^n fuppofition of fonae defefl. 
 
 KEORDINA'IION, S. repetition of or- 
 dination. 
 
 ToREPA'CIFY, V. A. [re and fadfy] 
 to pacify again. 
 
 REPA'ID, part. pafT of Repay. 
 
 To REPAIR, V. A. [rcf>aro, Lat. re- 
 parer, Fr.] to reftore after any lols or damage. 
 To fill up anew. To mend by an ctjuiva- 
 lent. 
 
 REPAI'R, S. the afl or thing which fup- 
 plies any lofs, damage, or injury. 
 
 ToREPA'IR, V. N. to go to. 
 
 REPA'IR, S. [re^aire, Fr.J reibrt ; abode, 
 or an a^ of going to a pLce. 
 
 REPA'RF.R, S. amender; reftorer. 
 
 REPA'NDOUS, Adj. [repandus, Lat.] 
 bent upwaids, 
 
 RE'PARABLE, Adj. [repara^nHs, Lat.] 
 capable of being amended, retrieved. 
 
 Ri'TARABLY, Adv. in a manner capa- 
 Lie of remtdy by reftoration, amendment, 
 or fupplv. 
 
 REPARA'TION, S. [Fr. rcparatlo, Lat.] 
 the z(\. of repairing the damages made by 
 time in a building. Supply of what is wafledi 
 Recompence or amends made for an injury. 
 
 RtP.-^RA'TIVE, Adj. whatever makes 
 amends. 
 
 REPARTE'E, S, [r^amV, Fr.] afmart 
 •r witty reply. 
 
 To REPARTE'E, V. N. to make witty 
 replies. 
 
 REPARTI'TION, S. [Fr.] the ad of 
 dividing, or fharing again. 
 
 To REFA'SS, V. A. [repjjfer, Fr.] to 
 pafs back or again. Neuterly, to go back in 
 the fame road. 
 
 REP.'i'ST, S. [from re and fajlus, Lat. 
 repas, Fr] a meJ. A feafl. Food. 
 
 To REPA'ST, V. A. \_refakre, Fr.] to 
 feed or fcart. 
 
 REPA'STURE, S. [n and pnjlurt'\ en- 
 tertainment. 
 
 To REPA'Y, V. A. [yepa;ia; Fr.] to 
 ffiy back any thing expended, or lent. The 
 tiling repaid. Recompence or revenge. 
 
 REP.VYMENT, S. the ad of re-paying. 
 The thing repaid. 
 
 To REPEA'L, V. A. [rappelUr, Fr.] to 
 revoke or abrogate a law. 
 
 REPE'AL, S. the ad of rcc«iling from 
 e-xile.Tlieact of abrog;iting or revoking a law. 
 
 REPEAVADLE, .'dj. cap.ibJc oi being 
 ffpsilcd. i 
 
 REP 
 
 : ^ To REPE'AT, V. A. [repctir, Lnt. repetff, 
 Fr.] to do or fpeak the fame thing mo.-'e 
 than once. 
 
 REPEA'TEDLY, Adv. over and over; 
 more than once. 
 
 REPE'ATER, S. one that recites. A 
 watch w hich ftrikcs the hours by compreflicn 
 of the fpring. 
 
 To REPt'L, V. A. [rcpe'lo, Lat.] t» 
 drive back any thing, or an aff.iiant. Neu- 
 teriy, to a{t with a force contrary to that 
 which is imprefled. In phytic, to prevent 
 too great an arflux of humour to any parti- 
 cular part. 
 
 REPE'LLENT, S. [repdlcns, Lat.] a re- 
 medy that has a repelling power. 
 
 REPE'LLER, S. one that renels. - 
 
 To REPE'NT, V. N. [,ef>e„tir, Fr.] t»' 
 think on any thing part with fonow. 1 o ej?- 
 prefs forrow for fomething paft.To Ihow fuch 
 forrow for fin as produces amendment. It is 
 very often ufed with the reciprocal pronoun. 
 As, " if my father has repented him." 
 
 Dryd. 
 
 REPE'NTANCE, S. [Fr.] forrow for any 
 thing part. Such forrow for part fms as ends 
 in amendment. 
 
 REPE'NTANT, Adj. [Fr.] forrowful for 
 what is pa(t. Exprefling forrow for what it 
 part. 
 
 ToREPEOPLE, V. A. [r^ and people] 
 to flock \^ ith people anew. 
 
 To REPERCU'SS, V. A. [repercujus, 
 Lat.] to Ixat back ; to drive b?ck, 
 
 REPfcRCU'SSlON, S. [rcpera^JIo, Lzt.} 
 the aA of driving back ; rebound. 
 
 REPERCU'SSlVt, Adj. [rcpercufff, Fr.] 
 having the power of driving back, orcaufing 
 a rebound. Repellent. Driven back j re- 
 bounding. 
 
 REPERTI'TIOUS, Adj. [repertm, Fr.) 
 found; gained by finding. 
 
 REPE'RTORY, S. [repertorhm, Lat.J a 
 treafury ; a magazine. 
 
 REPETFriON, S. [Tr. repeufio, Lat.] 
 the doing the fame thing more than one. The 
 aft of reciting or rehcarfing. Recital from 
 memory, oppofed to reading. 
 
 REPIA'NO, REPiE'NO, S. in muCc, 
 fignifies full, and is ufed to diftinguilh thofe 
 violins in concerto's, which play only now 
 and then to fill up, fiom thofe which play 
 through the whole concerto. 
 
 REPIGNORA'TION, S. the redeeming 
 of a pleu2;e. 
 
 To RFPI'NE, V. N. to fret, vex, or be 
 dlfcontented, 
 
 REPINER, S. one vrho frets or re- 
 pines. 
 
 To LEPLA'CE, V. A. to put again int» 
 the fime place. 
 
 To REPLA'NT, V. A. Ir^brter, Fr.] 
 to plant anew. 
 
 REPLANTA' I I0V, S. the aft of plant, 
 ine a^uiii. 
 
 T.
 
 REP 
 
 ' T<i REPLAJ'T, V . A. [re zni flah] to 
 fold one part often over another. 
 : td REPLE'NISH, V. A. [from rt and 
 fknui.L-M.] to ftock or fill. 
 -RHPLE'TK, Adj. [r«//t/, Fr. re/^lcius, Lat.] 
 compietely fi led. Filled to excels j followed 
 hyn'ki). 
 
 REPLE'TICN, S. [Fr.] the ftate of be- 
 ing too full. 
 
 • REPLE'VIABLE, Adj. {replegiabUhM^- 
 barous Lat.] licible to be rellored after being 
 ieized. 
 
 To REPLEVIN, or REPLEVY, V. A. 
 [rcplegio, low Lat. of re and plcv'ir, or pi'g"'., 
 Fr. to pledge] to take back or fet any thing 
 at libej-ty that is feized byway of fecurity. 
 
 REPLI'CA, REPLICA'TO, S. [Ital.] in 
 Riufic, lignifics to repeat. 
 
 REPLICA'TION, S. {repUcatus, Lat.] an 
 anfwer. 
 
 To REPLY', V. N. [rctllquer. Ft.] to 
 anfwer, or make a return to an anfwer. Ac- 
 tively, to return an anfwer. Ufed with to, 
 a-j/jmfl, or upon, 
 
 REPLY, S, [re^.HqtiCy Fr.] an anfwer, or a 
 return to an anfwer. 
 
 IxEPLY'ER, S. he that makes a return to 
 an anfwer. 
 
 To REPO'LISH, V. A. [repolir, Fr.j to 
 polifh again. 
 
 To R P PO'RT, V. A. rapporter, Fr.] to 
 fpread any thing by rumour. To give account 
 of. 
 
 LEPO'RT, S. rumour, or popular fame. 
 Public character or reputation. An account 
 returned, ufed with make. An account of 
 cafes given by a lawyer. Sound or loud noife, 
 applied to ordnance. 
 
 REPO'RTER, S. relater ; one that gives 
 an account. 
 
 RKPO'RTINGLY, Adv. by common 
 fame 
 
 REPO'SAL, S. [from repofe] the aft of 
 placing confidence. 
 
 To REPO'SE, V. A. [rcpof.tus, Lat.] to 
 lay to relt. To confide or tiult in without 
 any fufpicion, followfd by upon or in. To 
 lodge or lay up, followed by in. Neuterly, 
 to deep or take one's rell. To reft in conh- 
 dence. 
 
 REPO'SE, S. deep, reft, quiet, or con- 
 fidence. Cau/e of reft or confidence, 
 
 REPOSEDNESS, S. State of being at reft. 
 
 To REPO'SIIE, V. A. [rf/.oy7^«.,, Lat.J 
 to lay up or lodge as iu a place of fafety. 
 
 REPOSrriON.S, [from ,epoftte] the aft 
 fif replacing. 
 
 Rl.PO'SITORY, S. a place wherein any 
 thing is fafely laid up. 
 
 To REPOSSESS, V. A. [re mi pofcfs] to 
 poftl-rs again. 
 
 To REPREHE'ND, V. A. [reprehendo, 
 Lit J to find fault with, or chide, for having 
 done fomething amifs, To charge with as a 
 iii.li ; ufed with of. 
 
 REP 
 
 REPREHE'NBER, S. blamer; reprover. 
 
 REPREHE'NSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.j worthy 
 of blame or ccnfure. 
 
 REPREHE'NSIBLENESS, S. blameabJe- 
 nefs. 
 
 REPREHE'NSIELY, Adv. blameably;, 
 culpably. 
 
 REPREHE'NSION, S. [rcprehenfw, Lat.]. 
 tlic a£t of finding fault ; chiding, or bLim^ 
 ing. 
 
 REPREHE'NSIVE, Adj. given to re- 
 proof. 
 
 To REPRESr'NT, V. A. [repre/enter, 
 Fr. reprefaito, Lat.] to exhibit or Inow as if 
 prefect. To defcribe, perf nate, or ihow ia 
 any particular charader. f o fill the place of, 
 or perfonate another. 
 
 REPRESENTA'riON,S.fFr.] an image 
 or likcnefs of any thing. The a£t of fupport- 
 ing any character in (lead of another. A re- 
 fpeiftful or humble declaration. 
 
 R EPK ES (i'NT T A T I VE, Adj . [r^Z-reZ-Mz-rtf r/; 
 Fr.j exhibiting a likenefs. Bearing any cba- 
 raflcr by commiffion from another. 
 
 REPRESE'NTATIVE, S. one exhibiting 
 the likenefs of another, or exercifing a cha- 
 rader in behalf of another. That by which 
 any thing is fhown, 
 
 REPRESE'NTER, S. one who fhows or 
 exhibits. One who bears a vicarious cha- 
 racfter. 
 
 REPRESE'NTMENT, S. image or idea 
 propofed, as exhibiting the likenefs of fome- 
 thing. 
 
 To REPRE'SS, V. A. [reprtjus^ Lat.] to 
 crufli or fubdue. Tocomprefs. 
 
 REPRE'SSION, S. the adt of crufliing ox 
 fubduing. 
 
 REPRE'SSIVE, Adj. having power to 
 reprefs ; a<ning to reprefii. 
 
 To REPRIE'VK, V. A. [rcprh, from rc- 
 prcndre, Fr.] to free from a fentence of death. 
 To give a refpite. 
 
 REPRIE'VE, S. refpite given after fen- 
 tence of death. 
 
 To REPRIMA'ND, V. A. [rcpnmandcr,. 
 Fr.] to reprove, or chide for ibraething 
 amifs. 
 
 REPRIMA'ND, S. an authoritative re- 
 proof. 
 
 To REPRI'NT, V. A. to renew an im. 
 predion. To print a new edition. 
 
 REPRPSAL, -S. i,eprifaiJc, Fr.] fome- 
 thing feized in return for robbery or damage 
 fuftained. 
 
 REPRI'SE, S. [frprifc, Fr.] the art of 
 taking fomething in lieu of a damage or in- 
 jury received. 
 
 To REPRO'ACH, V. A. [ropracher^ 
 Fr.] to cenfure, or charge with a fault, in 
 cenforious and opprobrious language. To 
 upbraid. 
 
 REPRO'ACH, S. {reproche,Yr.'\ the a^t 
 of finding fault in opprobrious terms. Any 
 thing which cxpofc* to infamy or difgrace. 
 £ce 3 REfa.O'AGK^
 
 REP 
 
 REPROA'CHABLE, Adj. worthy of re- 
 proach. 
 
 REPROA'CHFUL, Adj. in terms that 
 are fcurrilous or opprobrius. Caufing dif- 
 grace or infamy. 
 
 RE'PROBATE, Adj. [^cfrdi.s, Lat.] loft 
 to virtue or grjce. 
 
 RETROBATE, S, a perfon loft to virtue 
 or grace. One abandoned to vsickednefs. 
 
 To RE'P.ROBATF, V. A. [rel»ok:tus, 
 Lat.] to difallow or rejeiV. To abandon to 
 wickcdncfs and eternal deftruiftion. To aban- | 
 don to one's fentcncc without hopes of pax- 
 don. 
 
 RE'PROBATENESS, S. the ftate of be- 
 ing reprobate. 
 
 REPROBA'TION, S. fpr.] the aft of 
 abandoning, or the ftate of being abandoned 
 to eternal mifery. A fentence of condemna- 
 tion. 
 
 • To REPRODU'CE, V. A. to produce 
 again. 
 
 REPRODL"CTIO^T, S. the a^ of pro- 
 dticinp anew. 
 
 RE'PAOOF, S. [frcn n/>r-z:] bi^me or 
 reprehenfion fpoken to a perfon 's face. Cen- 
 liirc. 
 
 REPRO'VABLB, Adj. blameable; cul- 
 pable : worthy of reprehcnfion. 
 
 ToREPRO'VE, V. A. [nf>rouccr, Fr.] to 
 blame. 1 o charge to the face with a fault. 
 REPRO'VERj S. one tiiat reproves. 
 RE'PTILE, Adj. [reptUisyLat.] creeping 
 on the ground. 
 
 RE'PTILE, S. an animal, wln'ch creeps 
 or refts on one part of its body while it ad- 
 vances with the other. 
 
 REPTI'TIOUS, Adj. [re^ihius, Lat.] 
 creeping. 
 
 REPUB''LIC, S. [rcpuhlique, Fr. retul-lk^, 
 Lat.] a Crate in which the power is lodged in 
 more than one. 
 
 REPUB'LICAN, Adj, belonging to a 
 commonwealth; placing the government in 
 the people. 
 
 REPUB'LICAN, S, one who holds acom- 
 monv^•ealth, without a monarch, to be thcbeft 
 form of giivei-nment. 
 
 REPU'DIABLE, Adj. fit to be r^jefted. 
 To REPU'DIATE, V. A. [repudiam, 
 Lat.] to divorce, or rcjefl. 
 
 REPUDIA'TION, S. [from the verb] 
 divorc :. a putting away ; rejeftion. 
 
 REPU'GNANCE. REPUGNAN'CY, S. 
 [rcl-ugnancc, Fr.] inconfiftency, or contraijety. 
 I.tiugj!le in oppofition. 
 
 REHU'GNANT, Adj. [np::gna^i, Lat. J 
 difobeJient, contrary. 
 
 ' To R EPU'LLUL ATE, V. N. [,e and /://- 
 lulo, Lat.] to bud again. 
 
 REPU'LSE, S. [Fr. rcpulfa, Lat.] the con - 
 dition of being driven off from any attempt, 
 or put afide from any dcfign. 
 ' To RrPU LSE, V. A. [npuljus, Lat.] to 
 JDeat back or drive of!. 
 
 RES 
 
 REPU'LSIONT, S. the aft or power of 
 
 driving off from itfelf. 
 
 REPU'LSIVE, Adj. driving off 5 having 
 the power to beat back or drive off. 
 
 To REPU'RCHASE, V. A. {,e and pur- 
 da fc\ to buy again. 
 
 RE'PUTABlE, Adj. honourable and in 
 general eP.eem. 
 
 RETUTACLY, Adv. without difcredit. 
 REPUTA'TION, S. [Fr.] the general 
 charaftcr of a peribn. Credit. 
 
 To REPU'TE, V. A. [refuto, Lat. reputery 
 Fr.] to hold, account or eftecm. 
 
 REPU' Th, S. public charader. Eftablilh- 
 ed opinion. Eflcem. 
 
 REPU'TELESS, Adv. difgraceful; dif- 
 reputably. 
 
 REQUE'ST, S. {iequ(J}e,Yx.] the aft of 
 afkiug any thing of another. An entreaty. 
 Repute. The llatc of being defired. 
 
 '1 o REQUE'S ; , V. A. to alk a favour of 
 another. To entreat. 
 
 REQUES'TEK, S. petitioner; foliciter. 
 To REQUIC'KEN,V. A. [re and quicken'^ 
 to reanimate. 
 
 FE'Q; IEI\I, ?. [from vequia, Lat.] a 
 hymn, fo called from its being ufcd in im- 
 ploring rcji for the dead. Reft ; quiet or 
 peace. 
 
 REQLT'RABLE, Adj. deilrable. 
 To K lQUIRE, V. A. [;vjK)Vo, Lat.] to 
 aQc a thing as one's right, '10 make necef- 
 fary ; to need. 
 
 RE'Ql ISITE, Adj. [rcquijttus, Lat.] ne- 
 cefliiry ; needful. Not to be dpne without. 
 RE'QUiSITE, S. any thing cflentially or 
 indifpenfibly neceflary. 
 
 Ri 'QUISITELY, Adv. ncccfTarilyj in a 
 re^juifiie manner. 
 
 RE'CVLTSrrENESS, S. neceflity ; the 
 Itate of being recjuifite. 
 
 REQL'l TAL, S. [from requite] a return 
 made for a good or bad office. A reward. 
 
 To RE'QJUrE, V. A. {requher, Fr.j toi 
 repay, or return, good or ill. 
 
 RERE'WARD, S. the rear or laft troop 
 of an army. 
 
 To RESALU'TE, V. A. [refaluto, Lat. 
 refaluer, Fr.] to falute or greet anew. 
 
 ■J o RESCI'ND, V. A. \_rc_lcmde, Lat.] to. 
 cut off. To abrogate or annul ; applied to 
 laws. 
 
 RESCI'SSION, S. [Fr. refajfm, Lat.] the 
 aft of cutting offj abrogation. 
 
 RESCrSSORY, Adj. [rcdjjoire, Fr. ref- 
 c':JJus, Lat. J having the power to cut off. 
 
 RE'SCRIPT, S. [rejcriptuv:, Lat. rejcnft^ 
 Fr.] the edift or decree of an emperor. 
 
 To RE'.SCUE, V. A. [rcjcorre, old Fr.] to. 
 'tt fiee, or deliver from confinement, danger, 
 ur violence. 
 
 KE'SCUE, S. an aft whereby a perfon 
 is delivered from violence, danger, or con- 
 finement. 
 
 REb'CUER, S, one that refcues. 
 
 3 RESEA'RCH^
 
 RES 
 
 RESEA'RCH, S. [rcchenle, Fr.] dili2ent 
 fcarch or" enquiry. 
 
 To RESEA'RCH, V. A. [rechercha; Fr.] 
 to examine ; to enquire. 
 
 To RESEAT, V. A. [re and feat] to feat 
 again . j 
 
 RESET'ZER, S. one that feizes again. 
 
 RESEi'ZURE, S. [le and fiixure] repeated ! 
 feizure ; feizure a fecond time. i 
 
 RESE'MBLANCE, S. [Fr.] likenefs. | 
 
 To RESE'MBLE, V. A. [refcwikr, Fr.] 
 to compare or reprefent as Lke fomethiny elfe. 
 To be like. 
 
 To RE'SEND, V. A. [re .nnd /WJ to 
 fend back again. 
 
 To RESE'NT, V. A._ [refMir, Fr,] to 
 take well or ill. To.be oi^'ended at, or return 
 an injury. 
 
 RESENTER, S. one who feels injuries 
 
 RESE'NTFUL, Adj. [refenfTinif,.'.'!] ma- 
 lignant ; cafily provoked to anger, and long 
 retaining it. 
 
 RESE'NT INGLY, Adv. with deep fenfe; 
 with flrong perception ; with anger. 
 
 RESE'NTMENT, S.- [?7_/7:«.Wnf, Fr.] 
 i flrong or hady fenfalion of good cr ill. A 
 deep fenfe of injury. 
 
 RESERVA'TION, S. [Fr.] the acft of 
 concealing in theniind. Something kept back 
 or not given up. Cufcody. 
 
 RESE'RVA rORy,S. [refcr-voh; Fr.] place 
 in which any thing is referved or kept. 
 
 To RESL'RVE, V. A. [rcfir%'o, L.r. «- 
 ferver, Fr.j to keep or fave tor feme other 
 cime or purpofe. To retain. 
 
 RESE'RVE, S. fomething (lored or faved 
 againfl fome future exigence. Something 
 concealed in the mind. Exception. A prolii- 
 bitioTi ; an exception in favour of a perf ^n or 
 riling. Modefty, or caution obfcrved in be- 
 haviour. 
 
 RESL'RVED, Adj. modeft or not too free 
 in behaviour. 
 
 RESE'RVEDNESS,S. the quality of keep- 
 ing one's fecret fentiments. 
 
 RESE'RVER, S. one that referves. 
 
 RESERVOI'R, S. [Fr.] a place where 
 any thing is ftored up, or coUedted in large 
 quantities. 
 
 To RESE'TTLE. V. A. [re zviA fcttlel to 
 fettle again . 
 
 RESE'TTLEMENT, S. the aft of fettling 
 again. The (late of fettling aoain. 
 
 RE.S1'ANCE, S, [from ,cf,ant] refidence ; 
 abode ; dwelling. 
 
 RE-SI'ANT, Adj. [rejfeant, Fr.] refident ; 
 prefent in a place. 
 
 To RESl'DE, V. A. [r,fJeo, Lat.] to dwell 
 for a continuance. 
 
 _ RE'SIDENCE, S. [Tr.j the aO of con- 
 tinuing or dwelling in a place. A place of 
 abode. 
 
 RE'SIDENT, Adj. [refidens. Lit.] dwel- 
 Wg or having abode in any place, 
 
 RES 
 
 RE'SIDENT, S. [from the Adj.] an a- 
 gent, minilTer, or officer, refiding in any 
 diflant place with the dignity of an am- 
 bafl.'idor. 
 
 RESID'E'NTJARY, Adj. holding reft- 
 dence. 
 
 RESI'DUAL, RESI'DUARY, Adj. [re/,- 
 diium, Lit.] relating to that part which re- 
 mains, 
 
 RESFDUE, S. {refduum, Lat.J the re- 
 mainder ; that which is left, 
 
 ToRESrGN,V. A. [refigno, Lat, refigncr, 
 Fr.] to give or yield up a claim or poflcflion. 
 To lubmit with confidence; applied to pro- 
 vidence. To fubmit without oppofition or 
 refinance. 
 
 RESIGNATION, S. [Fr.] the aft of 
 yielding or fubmitting without rcliltance or 
 doubt. 
 
 RESIGNEE', in law, the perfon to whom 
 the thing is refigned. 
 
 RESl'GNEE, S. one that refigns. 
 
 RESFGNMENT, S, aft of refionin?'. 
 
 RESI'Ll ENCi , RESI'LIENCY, S, [frem 
 ref.ih^ Lat.j the ad of ftarting, or leaping, 
 back. 
 
 RfST'LIENT,Adj. [rf/f/i.w, Lat.] ftart- 
 ing, or fpringing back. 
 
 RESILFiJON, S. \refilh, Lat.] the adl 
 of fpringing back; refilience. 
 
 RE'SIN, S. {ref.ue, Fr, tefvia, Lat'.] the 
 fat fulphureous part oi" a vegetable, which will 
 incorporate with an oily and fpirituous, but 
 not an aqueous menlhuum. 
 
 RESI'NOUS, Adj. partaking of the nature 
 and properties of refin, 
 
 RE'SINOUSNESS, S, the quality of being 
 refinous. 
 
 RESIPFSCENCE, S, [Fr-.] repentance. 
 
 RESI'STANCE, RESFSTENCE, S. 
 [written Tcjljlanccywhtn fuppofed to be derived 
 from the French, but ref.flcncc, when derived 
 from rcfiflens, Lat.] the act of oppofmg the 
 defign of another. Tiie quality of not yield- 
 ing to external force. 
 
 RESISTIBFLITY, S. [from rcf.filk\ 
 quality of tcfifting. 
 
 PvESI'STIBL;- , Adj. [from r^fifi] that may 
 be refided, 
 
 RESl'STLESS, Adj. not to be oppofed. 
 
 To RESFST, V. A. {ref^Jio, Lat. rcjlfler, 
 Fr.] to oppofe, or aft againft. To hinder; 
 to a£t againlt the imprellion of extern.il 
 force. 
 
 RESO'LVABLE, Adj. [from rr/ofce] ca- 
 pable of being feparated or analyfed. Capable 
 of being explained. 
 
 RE'SOLUBLE, Adj. [Fr. refoluhilis, Lat.] 
 capable or being difiolved or melted. 
 
 To RESO'LVE, V. A, [,efo/-vo, Lat.] 
 to inform, explain clear from any doubt or 
 difficulty. To confirm or fettle in any 
 opinion or determination ; ufed with at. 
 To analyfe. To melt or diflblve. Neuter- 
 1 ly, to determine immoveably. To melt or 
 ' fi e e ^ be
 
 RES 
 
 be difiolveJ. To be fixed in an opinion j 
 ufed with of. 
 
 RESOLVE, S. a fixed refolution. 
 
 RESu'LVEDLY, Adv. with firmnefs and 
 condancy. 
 
 RESO'LVEDNESS, S. refolution ; con- 
 ftanry ; firmnefs. 
 
 RESO'LVENT, S. [rcfohens, Lat.] that 
 which has tlie.nov.'er ol" caufing folution. 
 
 RtLSO'LVEl^, S one that forms a firm 
 refulution. One that diflolves ; one that li;- 
 par.'.ces parts. 
 
 RESO'LVEND, S. in arithmetic, a tfm 
 in ;l<i extradtion of the fquarc and cube roots, 
 &c, fignifying t!ie number arifing from in- 
 creaiing tiie remainder after fubtrasflicn. 
 
 RESO'LVEV rs, S. medicines which dif- 
 folvc and difperfe In chymiftry, hij^uors for 
 the dJiolvi'ig metal-) or i.-iintrals. 
 
 RESOLUTE, Adj. fixed, determined in 
 anj' dcfij;a or undertaking Firm. 
 
 RE'SOLUTELY, Adv. ffrom ,efo!ute'] de- 
 tcimiri3te!y ; fiimiv; condantly; fteadiiy, 
 
 RE'SOLU.'ENESS, S. [from rephtc] 
 delerminatenefs; flate of being tixcd in rcfo- 
 'lution. 
 
 RESOLUTION, S. [Fr. refclutlo, Lat.] 
 the act of clearing from doubt or difficulty. 
 The .ii\ of (rparating any thing into its coa- 
 flituent paits Difibliition. A fixed detfr- 
 minaiion, or fetiled thought. Steady in good 
 or bad. The determination of a caufe in a 
 court of juHiqe. 
 
 RE'SOLUTIVE, Adj. {refolutu!., Lat. rejo- 
 Ii/ti f, Fi\] having the power to difiblve. 
 
 RE'SONANCE, S. [from rsjono, Lat.] 
 found: rcfound. 
 
 RES 
 
 RESPE'CTIVE, Adj. relating to pnrtira- 
 lar perfons or things. Relative, oppofed t<» 
 abfolute; from refpeBif, Fr. 
 
 RESPE'CnVELY, Adv. in fuch man- 
 ner, as to refpeft both fides equally. Mu- 
 tually. 
 
 RESPE'RSION, S. [rejffjo, Lat.] the 
 act of Iprinkling. 
 
 RESPIRA'TION, S. [ref^lrauo, irom nf- 
 pir-), Lat.] the aft of breathing. Reliefer 
 refpite from l.ibour. 
 
 ToRISPI'RE, V.A. [i-efpiro, Lat. ref- 
 f:re,-. Fr.] to breathe j to catch breath. To 
 relt, 3r take refl-. 
 
 RE'SPl , E, S. [Fr.] reprieve, or the fuf- 
 penficn of a cap.tal fentence. A paufe or in- 
 terval from labour or pain. 
 
 To RE SPITE, V. A. to relieve by a paufa 
 or intermilTion, To fufpend or delay. 
 
 RESPLE'NDENCE, RESPLE'NDEN- 
 CY, S. [from reJpleiuUnt'^ glittering bright- 
 nefs. 
 
 RESPLE'NDENT, Adj. ['■efplcrJcns, Lat.] 
 bright. Having a beautiful luCire. 
 
 'lo RESPOND, V. N. [refpondeo, Lat, 
 repondrcy Fr. 1 to anfwer an argument or ob- 
 jeOion. To correfpor.d or fuit. 
 
 RESPO'NDENT, S. [refpondens, Lat.j 
 one who anfwers ia a fuit, or in a fet d fpu- 
 tation. 
 
 RESPO'NSE, S. [rcfporfe, Fr. refponfum, 
 Lat] an anfwer or reply made to an objec- 
 tion, or argument. An anfwer made by a 
 congregation in divine wdrPnip, wherein the 
 pried reads one verfe or fentence and the 
 people the other. 
 
 RESPO'NSIBLE, Adj. [refponfum, Lat.] 
 
 RE'SO.NANf, Adj. [Fr. refonans, Lat.l ; anfwerable, or accountable : nfed with foi; 
 
 founding or ecnoing 
 
 To Rf SO'RT, V. N. \nf,rth; Fr.J to have 
 recourfe to To go publickjy, or repair to. 
 Jn law, to fall back. 
 
 RESO'RT, S. an adcmbly, or numerous 
 body of men meeting in the fame place. 
 Concourfe. The a£l o^' vifiting. Spring or 
 aflive power. Refourct', iiom refort. -¥r. 
 
 ToRESOU'NO, V. A. [rfon'o, Lat.] to 
 echo ; to found back. To found ; to tell fo 
 as to be he.ird far To return founds ; to 
 found with any other noife. Neuterly, to be 
 echoed hack. 
 
 RESOU'RCF, S. {rfffource, Fr.] fome 
 new and expedient mean* that offer. An ex- 
 pedient 
 
 ToRESPE'CT,V. A. [refpeS7us,Lit.'] to 
 r«gard, or have regard to. Toconfiu'-r with 
 a low degree of reverence. To have relation 
 to. To look towards. 
 
 RESPE'Cr, S. regard; attention. A low 
 degree of reverence. Good-will. A confi- 
 dcr-ition or motive. Relation or regard. 
 
 RESI'E'CTER, S. one who prefers one 
 before another from a partial regard. 
 
 RESPE'CI'FUL, Adj. paying due reve- 
 frencc. Full of outward ceremony. 
 
 Capable of difcharging any obligation. 
 
 RESPO'NSIBLENESS, S. the Ihate of be- 
 ing obliged or qualified to account for or make 
 good an engagement. 
 
 RESPO'NSFON, S. [reft'.rjio, Lat.] the 
 zi\ of anAvering. 
 
 RE.SPO'NSIVE, Adj. [rcfpovfif, Fr.] an- 
 f'vcring ; making anfwer. Correfpondent ; 
 fi,ited to fomething elfe. 
 
 RESPON'SORY, Adj. [rcfporfonus,h3t.'\ 
 containing anfwer. 
 
 RESr, S. [Sax. raflc, rcfla, old Teut. 
 o'-i<72^, Tent, ra/?, Beig reuflfpi. Hung, rezz.o, 
 llal.] fleep. 'l he flate of death, Cefiatioil 
 from motion, diHurliance, or bodily labour. 
 A fupport on which any thing leans. A place 
 of repofe. Remainder, or what remiins, 
 from refle, Fr. of refiO, Lat. 
 
 REST, Adj. \relicr, Fr. quod r«y?,;f, Lat.j 
 others Not included in any propofition. 
 
 To REST, V. N. to be aflcep or dead. To 
 ccafc from motion, Liiour, or diflurbance. 
 To remain fati?fied. To lean upon, to be 
 fupported, followed by upon. To be left or 
 remain, from rcjhr, Fr. rfio, Lat. Acftive- 
 ly, put into a flate of repofe or quiet. Tq 
 confide ia ; ufcJ with up,oii. 
 
 RESrA'GNANT,
 
 RES 
 
 RESTA'GNANT, Adj. [rcpgran:, Lat.] 
 remr^ining wirhrur fi j\v or motion. 
 
 To RESTA'GNAT-, V. N. pennd/>7^- 
 tate'] to Cmd i'hovit flow. 
 
 RCSTAGN.VTIO^', S. [ircmrepgrate'] 
 theOate of landing without flow, courfe, or 
 motion. 
 
 REST AU'^A''^' ION, S. [rejiauratui,1.2^t.'] 
 the a(fl of recovering to its former ftate. 
 
 ToRESTEM, V. A. [re and Jleml to 
 force back againft the current. 
 
 RE'STFUL, Adj. [reji zndi full} quiet; 
 LeinjT at red. 
 
 RESTHA'RROW, S. a plant. 
 RE'STIFF, Aaj. [rejUf, Fr. ref^l-vo, Ita!.] 
 nnwillhig to ftir, comply, orgo forward; ge- 
 nerally applied to a horfe, which will not be 
 driven forward, though it be not weary. 
 RE'S riFFNKSS, S. UnwiUingnefs. 
 R ES r I'MC Y ION, S. [rcjitnctui, Lat.] the 
 aft of extinguifhing. 
 
 RESrnU'TXON, S. {reptuth, Lat.] 
 the aft of lertorlng any thing lofr, or taken 
 away. 
 
 RE'STLF.SS, Adj. unable to deep. Un- 
 quiet. Unfi;ttled. In continual motion or 
 aft ion. 
 
 RE'STLESSNESS, S, a ftate wherein a 
 perfon cannot fleep, will not ceafe from ac- 
 tion, and is always in motion. 
 
 Rf srO'RABJ-E, Adj. what may be re- 
 flored. 
 
 RESTORA'TION, S. ffiom repre ; re- 
 f.aurati-jn, Fr.] the act of placing in its for- 
 mer iLts. Recovery. 
 
 RESTO'RATIVE, Adj. having the power 
 to rccniit .,nv wafi-f. 
 
 RESTO'RATiVE, S. a medicine that 
 )ids the power cf rccruidng the wades of 
 jiatuic 
 
 To RESTO'RK, V. A. [refta-urer, Fr.J 
 rcfiauru, Lat. J to give or bring back what is 
 lofl, wafted or taken away. To retrieve from 
 decay to its former ilite. To recover pafluges 
 in books, from their corrtiption. 
 RESTO'RER, S. one that reftores. 
 To KES IR'AIN. V, A. {rcftremdn, Fr.] 
 to witholJ or keep in. To hinder, from 
 exerting power. To confine or limit. 
 
 RE->TRA1'NA13LE, Adj. capable to be 
 retrained. 
 
 RESTRAI'NEDLY, Adv. with reftraint; 
 without latitude. 
 
 RESTRAI'NER, S, one that reflrains ; 
 one that v.'tholds. 
 
 RESTRA'INT, 'i>\reftreM, Fr.jin abridg- 
 ment of power or liberty. A prohibition, 
 reflriftion, or hindrance from afting. 
 
 ToRE.-.TRI'CI-, V. A. [rejinBuZy Lat.J 
 to limit or coniine. 
 
 RESTRl'cnON, S. [Fr ] confinement. 
 Limitation. 
 
 RESTRICTIVE, Adj exprefling h'mi'a- 
 tion. Inphyfic, binding or reiliiti^eot j f om 
 
 RET 
 
 To RESTRI'NGE, V. A- {relinng*, Lat.J 
 to limit; to confine. 
 
 RESTRI'KGtiNr, S. {rep/mgens, Lat.J 
 poflefTing a cofHve, or reftraining, quality. 
 
 RF'STY, Adj. [fee RestiffJ obfHnatc 
 in not complying. 
 
 To RE'SUL 1 , V. N. {rcfulter, Fr. rejuU 
 tus, of refJio, Lat.] to fly back. To rife as a 
 confequence; to be produced as an etfcft, or 
 flow as a confcquence. 
 
 RE'SULT, S. the aft of flying back. Aa 
 efTcft flc'wing from the operation of any par- 
 ticular caufe. A confcquence or inference 
 from premifes. 
 
 RESU'LTANCE, S. [Fr.] the aftofre- 
 fulting. 
 
 RESU'MABLE, Adj. [from reftimc] capa- 
 ble of being taken back. 
 
 To RESU'ME, V. A. [rcfun-o, Lat.] to 
 take back what has been given, or taken a- 
 way. To take again ; ufed by Dryden with 
 aga'w, as, " refume again,^'' but improperly. 
 To begin again any thing dropped or givea 
 over. 
 
 RESU'MPTION, S. [irfomptic, Fr. re^ 
 fumpt'js, Lat.1 the aft of refuming. 
 
 RESU'MPTIVE, Adj. [tefun.ptu,, Lat.] 
 taking back. Ufed in the plural, for medi- 
 cines that reflore decayed nature. 
 
 RESUPINA'TION, S. \_yefuf:no, Lat.J 
 the aft of lying on the back. 
 
 RESU'PINE, Adj. [;<-;}./ .^w.', Lat.] lying 
 with the face upwards. 
 
 To RESURVEY, V. A. [re M\i fnri'tjl 
 to review; to fttrvey" again. 
 
 RESURRE'CTION, S. [Fr. rejurreEfw, 
 Lat.] revival after death.' The adt of rifing 
 again after death. 
 
 RESUSCirA'TION, S. the aftof (Hrdng 
 up ; reviving, or raifing again. 
 
 To RETA'IL, V. A. {vetadlcr, Fr.j t* 
 divide, or fell in Irnall narccls. 
 
 RETA'JL, S. fdle 'conhfting in faiall 
 quantities. 
 
 RETAI'LER, S. one who fells by fmall 
 quantities. 
 
 To RETA'IN, V. A. {raenir, Fr. retmee^ 
 Lat.] to preferve from lofs or without dif- 
 ch.irge, To keep without lofs. To keep ia 
 pay or hire. Ncuteriy, to belong to or 
 depend on, ufed with to. To keep or con- 
 tinue. 
 
 RETA'INER, S. a dependent on another 
 for fubfjftence. In law, a fervant w ho wears 
 a perfon's livery, but does not dwell in his 
 houfe. The .ift of keeping dependent. 
 
 To RETA'KE, V. A. [horn re and takS\ 
 to take again. 
 
 To RETA'LIATE, V. A. [from re an4 
 talhy Lat.J to return in kind, or like for 
 like. 
 
 RETALLVTION, S. the eft of return- 
 ing like for like. 
 
 To RETA'RD. V. A. \rcundo, Lat. ;-c- 
 \-~rdcr, Fr.j tu hj idcr in mutie:i tr IwiUnefs.
 
 RET 
 
 To delay or put off, Neuterly, to fhy hack 
 ei- delay. 
 
 RpyrARDATION, S. the afl of hinder- 
 5ng aifiion in motion. Delay. Hindrance. 
 
 RETA'RDER, S. obftru'a.T; hinderer. 
 
 To RETCH, V. A. [hrac.in. Sax.] to 
 fbice, or make an effort to force, fomething 
 up from the ftomaeh. 
 
 RE'TCU LESS, Adj. carelefs. 
 
 RETE'CTION, S. [reuFtus, Lat.] the 
 aO of difcoverina; to viev.'. 
 
 RETE'NTION, S. [fr. rctajtlo, Lat.] the 
 aft of keeping to, containing, or prcfcrving. 
 Ill medicine, diat I'bte of contraflion in the 
 folidj, which makes them hold fafl their con- 
 tents. Memrry, or the act ot" keeping thofc 
 jlmple ideas which the mind has received 
 from fenfation and rel^ledion. Limitation 
 cr rellraint, 
 
 RETE'N'TIVE, Adj. [reur.tif, Fr. rctcn- 
 tus, Lat.] having the powei- at retaining, or 
 of prefervins; in the mind. 
 
 RETE,'NflVEN'ESS, S. having the qua- 
 lity of retention. 
 
 RE'TICENCE, S. {retker.ce, Fr. rctken- 
 t',a, from rciicgo, Lat.] coiiceaiment by fi- 
 Icnce. 
 
 RE'TICLE, S. [rcnculum, Lat.] a fmall 
 net. 
 
 RETICULAR, Adj. [retkiJum, Lat.] in 
 the form of a net. 
 
 RETl'CULATED, Adj. frr//V«/.-7/w,Lat.]' 
 made of net-v.orh formed with meflies. 
 
 RETIFORM, Adj. Intiformis, Lat.j hav- 
 ing the form of a net. 
 
 RETi'NA, S. one of the inner tunics of 
 the eye. 
 
 RLTrNUE, S. [rctem/e, Fr.] a number at- 
 tending on a great pcr.fbn ; a train. 
 
 To RETI'RE, V. N. [n-t'n-r, Fr.] to go 
 to a place of priv-.cy. To withdraw fron) 
 fight. To retreat from dinger. To quit a 
 public ftation, or a company. Actively, to 
 withdriw, or take away. 
 
 RETI'RE, S. a retreat. A place of pri- 
 vacy. 
 
 RETI'RrD, Adj. fecret; private. 
 
 RETI'REDNtS>, S. the flale of being 
 free from public emj.Ioy, cr company. Pri- 
 vacy. 
 
 RETI'REMF.NT, S. the ftate of a perfon 
 who quits a pnldic liation,oi a populous place. 
 A private abode, or way of life. 
 
 To RETO'RT, V. A [rctcrth-, Fr. retor- 
 tum, Lat.] to throw back. To return an ar- 
 gument, ccnfurc, or any incivility. To bend 
 backwards. 
 
 RETO'RT, S. [retortc, Fr. rct^rtum, Lat.] 
 a cenfure or reproach returned. In chemillry, 
 a glafs vefTel wiih a curved neck, to which 
 the receiver is fitted. 
 
 RETO'RTER, S. one that retorts. 
 
 R'cTO'RTlON, S. the aft of retorting. 
 
 To RETO'SS, V. A. [re and tcj'] to tofs 
 back. 
 
 RET 
 
 To RETOU'CH, V. A. fpronounccd <.- 
 /KcZ-, from retoucher, Fr.j to improve by ncv.- 
 touches. 
 
 To RETRA'CE, V. A. {reuacer, Fr.J 
 to trace back. 
 
 ToRETRA'CT, V. A. IretraElu,. Lat. 
 retr.der, Fr.] to recall; to recant. To take 
 back ; to rffume. 
 
 R ETR.-iC r A'TION^ S. \_retranauo, Lat.] 
 recantation ; change of opinion. 
 
 RETRE'AT, S. {rctrahte. Fr.] a place of 
 privacy or fotitudc. The aft of going back 
 to avoid a fuperior force. A place of fecu- 
 rity. 
 
 To RETRE'AT, V. N. to go to a private 
 or Solitary dwelling. To take fhelter. To 
 retire from a fuperior enc.my. To quit a 
 former place. 
 
 To RETRENCH, V. A. Irctrcncher, Fr.] 
 to cut offor pare away. To confine or Icflen, 
 applied to expences. Neuterly, to live with 
 lei's expcnce or porno. 
 
 RETRE'NCHMENT, S. [rctrcnchcmcvt, 
 Fr.] the a(ft of lopping or paring away any 
 thing fuperfluous, applied to writings. The 
 act of le'.rei.ing, applied to expence. 
 
 To REIRIBU'TE, V. A- \rctrthutu 
 Lat.j to payback ; to recompence 
 
 RETRIIiU'lTOxV, S. [Fr.j the aft of 
 repaying. A return hiitable to an r.c^ion. 
 
 RElR'JBUrORY, RETRIBUTIVE, 
 Adj. rep£)ing5 making repayment. 
 
 R.ETRIE'VABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 retrieved. 
 
 To RETRFE'VE, V. A. {retreu-ver, Fr.] 
 to recover, or reftore after lofs, impair, 
 wafle, or conuption. To regain, or bring 
 back. 
 
 RE'TRIMENT, S. [Lat.j drops, or 
 dregs. 
 
 RETROACTION, S. [Lat.] the aft of 
 driving back. 
 
 RETROACTIVE, Adj. havingthe power 
 to drive back. 
 
 To RETROCE'DE, V. A. Iretroceder, Fr. 
 rttroicJ.o, Lat.] to go backwards. 
 
 RErR0CE'SS10:>I, S. the aft of going 
 backwards. 
 
 RETROCOPULA'TION, S. poll coi- 
 tion. 
 
 RETROGRADA'TION, S. [Fr.J the 
 aft of going backward. 
 
 RE' f ROGRADE, Adj. [Fr.J goingback- 
 ward. Contrary or oppofite. Applied to 
 the planets, when they move backwards or 
 contrary to the order of ligns. 
 
 To RE'TROGRADE. V. N, [reti'b and 
 gradhr, Lat.] to go backwards. 
 
 RETROGRE'SSION, S. \retyo and gref- 
 fus, Lat.] the aft of going backwards. 
 
 RE'TROSP£CT,S. [ntro and /^/w, Lat.] 
 a look caft on things behind. The conCdera- 
 tion of things paft. 
 
 RETROSPE'CTION, S. the aft of con- 
 fidering things palt.
 
 REV 
 
 To RETUN'D, V. A. [rettt»(^<!, Lat] to 
 tlunt ; to turn. 
 
 RETU'RNER, S. one who pays or re- 
 mits money. ] 
 
 To RETU'RN, V. N. [retoumer, Er.] to 
 come back to the fame place, or ftate. To go 
 or come back. To make anfvver, retort, or 
 reply in reproachful terms, to one that has 
 made ufe of the fame. Aftively, to repay, 
 requite, give or fend back. To give account 
 of. To tranfmit money. 
 
 RETU'RN, S. theaift of coming back to 
 the fame place or date. Repayment of mo 
 iicy expended. A remittance, or the aft of 
 remitting money to a diftant place. Requi- 
 tal. The aft of reftoring. 
 
 REVE, S. See Reeve. 
 
 To REVE'AL, V. N. [reveh, Lat. reve- 
 ler, Fr.] to difclofe a fecret. To lay open. 
 To difcover fomcthing hidden. 
 
 REVEA'LER, S. one that (hews or makes 
 known ; one that difcovers to view. 
 
 REVEIL'LE, S. [Fr.j the beat of a drum 
 in a morning, to fummcn the foldlers. 
 
 To RE'VEL, V. N. [derived hy Skinner 
 from rcveillcr, Fr. to awake ; but by P/Ir 
 Lye from re-vcelen, Belg. to rove about] to 
 fcad with loofe and clamorous mirth. 
 
 RE'VEL, S. a public rejoicing time ; or 
 a fead: carried on with clamorous and loofe 
 jnirth. 
 
 To RE'VEL, V. A. [re-vello, Lat.] to re- 
 traft 5 to draw back. 
 
 RE'VEL-ROUT, S. [fee Rzvzl] a mob, 
 or unlawful afiembiy, or rabble. 
 
 REVELA'TION, S. [Fr.] difcovery ; 
 particularly applied to the difcovery of thoic 
 truths from heaven which were not difcovcr- 
 able by reafon. 
 
 RE'VELLER,S. one who feafls with nolfy 
 jollity. 
 
 RE' VELRY, S. loofe, noify mirth. 
 
 To RE'VENGE, V. A. [venger, Fr.] to 
 return an injury. To punifh for injuries. 
 
 RF.VE'NGE, S. the return of an injury. 
 
 REVE'NGEFUL, Adj. addiftcd to return 
 injuries. 
 
 REVE'NGER, S. one who punifhes 
 (Crimes ; one who wreaks his own or ano- 
 ther's injuries. 
 
 RE'VENUE, S. [fometlmes accented on 
 the fecond fyllable, from rcvcnu, Fr J in- 
 come ; or the annual profits of lands or 
 funds. 
 
 To REVE'RB, V. A. [re-vcrbcro, Lat.j 
 to echo or fliow by the found. 
 
 REVER'BERANT, Adj. [rewheran^, 
 Lat.] refounding; beaten back. 
 
 To REVE'RBER.'^TE, V. A. [re^erbe 
 ratus, Lat. rcverberer, Fr.] to beat or echo 
 back. In Chemiftry, to heat in a furnace 
 where the flame is beat from the top back on 
 the bottom. 
 
 REVERBERA'TION, S. the aft of beat- 
 ing or driving back, 
 
 RE V 
 
 REVE'RBERATORY, Adj. [rcvokra- 
 tiirf, Fr.] beaten or driven back. In Che- 
 miltry, vIcA fubflantively for a furnace clofc- 
 ly fioppcd at the top, fa as to return tiie 
 flame upon the matter placed near the bot- 
 tom. 
 
 To REVE'RE, V. A. [rehencr, Lat.j «- 
 •vercr, Fr. i to regard with awe. To pay fub- 
 milTIve refpcft. 
 
 RE'VERENCE, S. awful regard. An aft 
 of cbeifance. The title of the clergy. 
 
 To RE'VERENCE, V. A. to look on as 
 an obieft of refpeft and awful regard. 
 
 RBi'VERENCER, S. one who regards 
 witii reverence, 
 
 RE'VERKND, Adj. [Fr. ye^jercndia, Lat.] 
 venerable ; deferving awe and refpeft on ac- 
 count of \ears and Itation. A title applied to 
 liie clergy, among vihom an archbiOiop is 
 filled n:oJi rcvc-end, a bilhcp right reverend, 
 and a pvivate clergyman rc'uerend. 
 
 RI'VEREN r, Adj. [ Fr. re-vercm, Lat.] 
 
 humblejexpreffingawful regard orveneration. 
 
 REVER E'N T\ A L, Adj . | rc-vcrcnficlle, Fr.] 
 
 exprefling reverence j proceeding from awe 
 
 and veneration. 
 
 REVE'RrR, S. [from ret'ere^ one who 
 venerates ; one who reveres. 
 
 REVERIE', S. [ pronounced rft/rt-(f^ from 
 reverie, Fr.J a date u herein ideas float in the 
 mind without any lefleftion or regard of the 
 ijiderrtanding. 
 
 REVERSAL, S. [from rc-verk'\ the aft 
 of changins or anulling a fcntence. 
 
 To REVERSE, V. A. [rewrfus, Lat.] 
 to turn upfide down. To overturn. To turn 
 back. 1 o contradift or repeal. To put one 
 thing in the place ot another. 
 
 r'EVE'RSE, S changft. A contrary or 
 oppofite. Tr.at fide of a coin on which the 
 he.id is not impreded, 'Vom revers, Fr. 
 
 REVERSIBLE, Adj. [Fr.] capable of 
 being repealed. 
 
 RhVt'RSION, S. the date of being to be 
 enjoyed after the death of the prefent podef- 
 for. Succtdion, or right of fuccedion. 
 
 REVERSIONARY, Adj. confiding in 
 reverfion ; to be enjoyed after the death of 
 another. 
 
 To REVE'RT, V. A. [nwrto, Lat.] to 
 change or turn to the contrary. To rever- 
 berate or beat back. Neuterly, to return or 
 fall back, from rcvertir, Fr. 
 
 To REVE'ST, V. A. {re-vejiir, rc-vMr, Fr. 
 
 rci'cft-o, Lat.] To clothe again. To le- 
 
 inveft ; to ved again in a podcdion or office. 
 
 RP'.VF.'STIARY, S. [rc-vcJliMre, Fr.J a 
 
 place vviiere drcdes are repofited. 
 
 REVI'CnON, S. [re^ltlum, Lat.] re- 
 turn to life. 
 
 REVl'CrUAL, V. A. {re and i-kluall 
 to dock with viftuals again. 
 
 To REVIEW, V. A. to look back. To 
 confidcr any thing pad, cr examine a fecond 
 time- 
 I RE-
 
 R E V 
 
 SlEVIEW, S. Atrond examination. The 
 a^Tt of furveying an army, when performing 
 its exercile. 
 
 To REVl'LE, V. A. to reproach or treat 
 as an object ot contempt. 
 
 KEVI'LE, S. reproach; contumely; ex- 
 probation. 
 
 REVI'LER, S. [from re-.'i.'c] one who 
 rcTiles. 
 
 REVrsAL, S. [from «-„•;/!] a fecond 
 xiew or examination. 
 
 To REVl'iE, V. A. [rcvlfi's, Lat.] to 
 examine or look ovi;r a lecond time. 
 
 REVrSE, S. a fecond penifai, or exami- 
 nation. Among Printers, a fecond proof of 
 a fheet after it is corre£led. 
 
 REVl'SER, S. Irtinfeur, Fr.] an exa- 
 miner ; a fupcrintendant. 
 
 REVi'.-ION, S. [rc-vi/toK, Fr.] review. 
 
 To REVl'SIT, V. A. [rc'z.yha, Lat.J to 
 Vifit again. 
 
 REVrVAL, S. the a<a of refloring from 
 s. ftate of lanc,uor, oblivion, or obfcurity. 
 
 To REV I'VE, V. N. {re-ui'vo, Lat. re- 
 ■vivre, Fr.J to return to life. To recover 
 irom a ftatc of obfcurity, oblivion, or Jan- 
 j;ciar. Aftiveiy, to bring to li.f'e again. To 
 riife from hnguor, infcnfibility, or obli 
 ■vicn. To bring back to the memory. To 
 
 REVI'VER.S. [fi-om re^-fve] that which 
 invigorates or revives. 
 
 REVIVIFICA'TION', S. the aft of call- 
 ing to life. 
 
 REVIVrSCEK'Cy, S. renewal of life. 
 
 REU'NIOM, S. [Fr.J return to a Hate of 
 ^unif^ure, concord, or cohefion. 
 
 To REUNfTE, V. A. to join any thing 
 frparated. To reconcile. Neuterly, lo join, 
 cr cohere again. 
 
 REVOCABLE, [re-vccahilh, Lat.] that 
 »)ay be recalled or repealed. 
 
 REVOCABLFNESS, S. {£:om rc'vocahk] 
 tiie quality of being revocable. . 
 
 ToREVOCA'TE, V. A. {re-voco, Lat.] 
 to recjU ; to call back. 
 
 REVOCATION, S. [revoratio, Lat.] z&. 
 91 recalling j Rate of being recalled j repeal ; 
 jeverfal. 
 
 To REVOKE, V. A. [r^-vojuer^ Fr. >-£- 
 vo:o, Lat.] to repeal, or revciTe. 
 
 To E.EVO'1-T, V. N. [ic-vohcr, Fr. rc- 
 vdtjie, Ita!.] to fall from one to another, in- 
 cluding the idea of fomething bad or rebel- 
 lions. 
 
 RETOLT, S. change of flics, including 
 departure from duly. 
 
 To REVOLVE, V. N. [re^jol-vo, Lat.] to 
 roll in a circle; ts perform a couife in a cir- 
 cle. In I.iv,', to fall into a regular courfc of 
 dianging poiTtilors. A<ftlvely, to riil lhv 
 thing round a circle. To coufidcr or medi- 
 tate on, .-ipplitd to the mi;id. 
 
 RKVOLU'TiON, S. ("Fr. rez-oii-n/s, I.at] 
 tjjc foprfe of any tiling whicii moves in a tir- 
 
 R H Y 
 
 cle, and returns to the point from whenee i« 
 fcts out. A fpace meafured by any body re- 
 volving in an orbit. A change of govern- 
 ment ; applied particularly to that by which 
 king William and queen Mary acceded to the- 
 croun of England. Rotation. 
 
 RE'VULSION, S. fFr. rewilfw, Lat.] 
 the act of drawing humours from a remote 
 part cf the body. 
 
 To REWA'RD, V. A. [derived by Skin- 
 ner from re and aTjard'\ to give in return for 
 fomething done well. 
 
 REWA'RD, S. fome benefit conferred on 
 a perfon f r doing well. Sometimes ufcd 
 ironically for a punilhment inflicted for fomc 
 ill. 
 
 REWA'RDER, S. [from remard] one that 
 rewards ; one that recompenfes. 
 
 RHA'PSODY, S. [from paw7<w, Gr. and 
 tuh)., Gr.] any compofition confiding of parts 
 made without nece/Tary dependence or mutual 
 connexion. 
 
 RHE'TORIC, S. [rkctorique, Fr. p»1optK», 
 Gr.] the art of fpeaking with elegance, fo as^ 
 to roufc and perfuade. 
 
 RHEIO'RICAL, Adj. figurative j be- 
 loBeing to rhetoric. 
 
 to RHETO'RICATF., V. A. [rhetorkcr, 
 Lat.] to play the orator by making ufe of fi- 
 gurdive expreffions, and addrefling the paf- 
 hons. 
 
 RHETOR rCI AN, S. {rhetondeity Fr.J 
 one who teaches the fcicnce of rhetoric. 
 
 RHEUM, S, [rheuiM, Fr. />eu,u«, Gr.] a 
 thin watery matter oufing particularly through 
 the glands near the mouth. 
 
 RHEL MA'TIC, Adj. proceeding from 
 rheuiT) ; belonging to the rheumatifm. 
 
 RHEU'MATISM, S. [5EL./.ca'i;B-,uof, Gr.) 
 in medicine, a pain fometimes moveable, and 
 fometimes fixed on the mufculous part of the 
 body, refcmbiing tlie gout. 
 
 RHEU'MY, Adj. full of fnarp moiflure. 
 RHINO'CEROS, S. [fiom p,v, Gr. and 
 zE^jxf, Gr.] a Lcaft covered with thicli fcile.s, 
 and having a horn growing out near its nofe. 
 RH0M80IDES, S. a quadrangular fi- 
 gure, having its cppofite fides and oppofiie 
 angles equal. In Natural Hiftory, a kind of 
 mufcle-filh ; a turbot-fifh. In Surgery, a 
 pairof mufcles of the (houlder-blade, fo call- 
 ed from their figure. 
 
 RHO'MBUS, S. [rhomhe, Fr. rcmhtn, Lat, 
 fdf-ito;, Gr.] in Geometry, a quadrangu- 
 lar figure, having its four oppofitc angles 
 equal. 
 
 RHU'BARB, S. [rbahadcrc, Lat.] a me- 
 dicinal purgative root. 
 
 RHYME, S. [rime. Sax. puV'Ji ^i".] 
 an harmonious fuccedion of founds. The 
 confonance of verfc.s wherein the lad fylla- 
 ble of one line has the fame found as that of 
 another. Figuratively, poetry. , A poem. 
 Riyme cr re^for is a proverbial exprcfljpn for 
 nuaibcr or lenfe.
 
 R I D 
 
 To RHYME, V, N. to have the fame 
 found. To make verfes. 
 
 RHY'MER, S. [fmm rhyme] one who 
 makes rhymes ; a veififier. 
 
 RHY'THM, s. [of fv9y.t(^ai, Gr.] h ufed 
 to fignify a Certain number of pulfes in any 
 given time. 
 
 RHY'THMTCAL, Adj. [pS^ix:?, Gr.] 
 harmonical ; having proportion of one found 
 To another. 
 
 RIB, S. [rwie, Sax. and Belg. rippe, 
 Tcut, riff been, Dan. rchra, Sclav, rebro, Dn!m. 
 and Pol. J an arched bone, fultaining the in- 
 lide of the thorax. Any piece of timber or 
 ether matter ufed to ftrengthen the fide of a 
 Ihip, &c. 
 
 Rl'BALD, S. [ribauhi, Fr. rihaMo, Ital.J 
 2 loofe, rough, or brntifh perfon. 
 
 RI'BALDRY, S. [nhald, ribcudk, Fr.] 
 ■ican, lewd and brutal language. 
 
 R I G 
 
 RT'DDLr, S. \r^dek, Sax from r^^| 
 a queflion or prel)lem cxprefTed in ohfcure 
 tei ms, in oraer to try a ptrfon's wit. Any 
 thing puzzling or not cafily fcived. A coarl* 
 or open fieve ; i\om iMiddle, Sax. 
 
 To Rl'DDLE, V. A. to f -Ive or explain 
 a riddle. To fift by a coarfe ficve. iNcuter- 
 ly, to fpeak obfcurely. 
 
 To RIDE, V. N. [pretxr. rid or rode, pari, 
 rid or ridder^ redan. Sax. J to travel on hoiTc- 
 back, or in a carriage drawn by horfes. Fiou- 
 r.pively, to travel in, or be borne by any ve- 
 hicle. To manage a horfc. To be fupport- 
 ea in motion. A£iively, to manage a perfon 
 infolently and at will. 
 
 RIDER, S. {from jvW^j one who. is car- 
 ried on a horfc, or in a vehicle. One wh^ 
 manages or breaks horfc?. An inferted leaf. 
 
 RIDGE, S. [h'igg, Sax. r}g, Dan. /v/.o-p-^, 
 Belg. the back] the top of the back, f he 
 
 RI'BAND, S. [rihandc, luban, Fr.] a rough or fharp top of any thing, alluding t., 
 fillet, or narrow flip of filk, worn fororna-| the vertebrse of the back. Ground throwa 
 
 went. 
 
 RIBBED, Adj. having ribs. 
 
 RFBBON, S. Sec Riband. 
 
 To RI'BROAST, V. N. [rib and roaji.] 
 To beat foundly. 
 
 RIC, from the Sax. and Goth, rk, or rich, 
 denotes powerful, rich, or valiant. 
 
 RICE, S. [oiyza, Lat.J an efculent giain 
 •ultivated in the Indies, of an oval figure, 
 and covered with a hufk like barley. 
 
 RICH, Adj. [r^cca. Sax. ricio, Ital. riche, 
 Fr.] abounding in money, lands, or otlier 
 poflefiions, applied to perfons. Splendid, va- 
 luable, fumptuous ; applied to drefs. J^avin'^ 
 any quality in great quantitirs, or to a great 
 degree. Fertile, applied to foil. 
 
 Rl'CHES, S. \rkht[Jh, Fr.] money or 
 ponellions, A fplendid or fumptuous ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Ri'CHLY, Adv. in a fplendid, wealthy, 
 plenteous, or abundant manner. Truly j ufed 
 in an irotiical fenfe. 
 
 The top of a houTe riCn 
 
 S. 
 
 up by the plough 
 to an acme angle 
 
 To RIDGE, V. A. to form a ridge. 
 
 RI'DGEL, RFDGELIN, S. [a^-is nji- 
 cu'a, Lat.] a ram half caftrated. 
 
 HI'DICULE, S. [Fr. ndk,du,n, Lat.] wit 
 which provokes laughter l«y reprefenting any 
 perfon or thing in a comic odd light. 
 
 To Rl'DICULE, V. A. to' expofe to 
 laughter by reprefentinr as odd or uncouth 
 
 RIDICULOUS, Adj. [ndkule, Fr. ridl- 
 cuius, Lac] worthy ot laughter. Excitinw 
 contemptuous mirth. '* 
 
 RFDING, S. a diriricfl:, vifited by an of- 
 ficer. 
 
 RIDOT'TO, S. an entertainment of fing- 
 ing, mulick, &c. An opera. 
 
 RIE, or RYE, S. \ryge, nge. Sax.] aa 
 efculent grain which differs from wheat ia 
 having a riatter, opake, and con-i'ev grain. 
 
 RIFE, S. \yyfc. Sax. rilf, Belg.] prevaif- 
 
 RI'CHNESS, S. the quality of aboundin 
 
 in money, pofrelTions, finery, or fertility" |" To RFFLE, V. A. [lijler, rcflcr 
 Ahiindance, or perfcdlion of any quality. \fcn, Belg.J to rob or plunder 
 
 ing; abounding; generally applied to con ta. 
 gious difbempers 
 
 Fr, 
 
 ry- 
 
 RICK, S. a pile of corn or hay, regularly 
 heaped up in the open iieldj and fnekejed 
 from wet. A heap of corn or hay piled by 
 the gatherer. 
 
 Rl'CHETS, S. [,achirk, Lat. from pctpci;, 
 
 Gr.] a diftemper in children, wherein their 
 
 joints grow knotty, and their limbs uneven. 
 
 _ lU'ClvETY, Adj. difoidcrcd w.th the 
 
 Tickets. 
 
 RI'CTURE, S. [riflvra, Lat.] a gapino. 
 
 RID, pret. of RinE. 
 
 To RID, V. A-. {hriddfin, Sax. r.v/, If].] 
 to fct tree from dariger or trouble. To de- 
 ilroy. 
 
 RI'DDANCE, S. delivcrr.ncefrom danger, 
 incumbrance, trouble, or any thing one i-: 
 «!ad to be freed from. 
 
 B.TDD2.N, paiticiple of Ribe. 
 
 RI'FLER, S. robber, plunderer, pillager. 
 • RIFT, ,S. [from rk-e] a clitt, or breacli. 
 
 To RIFT, V. A. to cicave or fyVn. Neu- 
 terly, to burft upon. To belch, from r^wr. 
 Dan. 
 
 RIG, S. the top of a hill f.illing on each 
 fde, [from /LvvVp", Sax. and r/v>^.;'-, 1(1] a 
 Ivrtck. To r:/i or pii:y ores rig, is to be merry 
 upon, or ridicule. 
 
 To RIG, V, A. [from^nVf, Sax. the 
 back] to drefs; to fit wi;h tack! ng. 
 
 RIGADOO'N, S, \>igadon, Fr.J a dance. 
 
 RIGA'IIO.M, S. [rigatk, Lat.] the acft pf 
 watering. 
 
 RIGGER, S. [from /v^Jone that rigs or 
 I dreffcs. 
 I RIC GiNG. S. the f.)ils or tackling of a 
 
 ' ' RIGGISH,
 
 R I L 
 
 RIGGISH, Adj. [from n^, a whore] 
 ■wanton, whoilfh. 
 
 ToRI'CGLE, V. A. [properly tvnggk] 
 to move backwards and forwards, ftirinking 
 from pain. 
 
 RIGHT, Adj. [yjgt. Sax. i-ccl-f, Eelg. 
 rlico, Ital. refrus, Lat.J proper, fuitable or 
 becoiTiing, oppofed to wrong. True, oppo- 
 fed to erioneous. Faffing a right judgment. 
 Honeft or jult. That lide of a perfon which 
 is oppofed to the left. Strait, oppofed to 
 a coked. 
 
 RIGHT, Interj. well Jonej ufed as an 
 exprefhon of approbation. 
 
 RIGHT, Adv. in a proper, jud, or true 
 manner. In a direft line. Generally ufed 
 jn titles, as right lionoiirahle, rlgl-f reverend. 
 RIGHT, S. juflice. Freedom from error. 
 Juft claim, or that which belongs to a perfon. 
 Property or intereft. A privilege. The fide 
 oppofite to the left. 'Jo rights, implies ftraic, 
 or in a dired line ; but after jc;, deliverance 
 from error. 
 
 To RIGHT, V. A. to do juflice to, or 
 relieve from wrong. 
 
 RI'GHTEOUS, S. [rightwife, Sax. rett- 
 i>y%, in. whence right-wife in ancient authors, 
 and from t4ienceby corruption rigbtccus'j jud ; 
 honefl ; virtuous j leading a life conformable 
 to the rules of morality or religion. Equi- 
 table. 
 
 RI'GHTEOUSLY, Adv. honeflly, vir- 
 tuoufly. 
 
 RI'GHTEOUSNESS, S. virtue ; good- 
 *efs. Behaviour in general agreeable to the 
 laws of morality and religion. 
 
 RI'GHTFUL, Adj. having jufl right or 
 claim. Honed or julh 
 
 RI'GID, Adj. [rigiiie, Fr. rigidus, Lat.] 
 flitf or not to be bent. Severe or intiexible, 
 applied to conduft. Sharp or cruel. 
 
 RIGI'DITY, S. the (late of being ftiff. 
 Stiffnefs of appearance. 
 
 RIGIDLY, Adv. in a filff, fevere, or in- 
 flexible manner. 
 
 RI'GIDNESS, S. feverity not to be foft- 
 ened . 
 
 Rl'GLET, S. [regulet, Fr.] a fiat, thin, 
 fquare piece of wood, applied to thofe of 
 which the frames of pi<flures are made, be- 
 fore they are moulded. 
 
 RI'GOL, S. a circle, ufed by Shakcfpear 
 for a diadem. 
 
 Rl'GOUR, S. [rig'.r. Lat.] cold ; flifF- 
 nefs. In Medicine, a convulfive fhuddeting, 
 ■with a fenfation of cold. Severity of con- 
 duft, or want of condefcenfion and compli- 
 ance. Striclnefs. Rage or cruelty. Hard- 
 nefs. 
 
 RTGOROUS, Adj. [from rigour] fevere ; 
 allowing no abatement. 
 
 RI'GOROUSLY, Adv. [from rigorous] 
 feverely ; without tenderncfs or mitigation. 
 RILL, S. (rh'uhis, Lat.] a fmall t)rook. 
 To RILL, V, A. to lun ia faiall lircams. 
 
 R I P 
 
 RI'vf, S. [rintp, Sax.J a border or margin 
 at ihe top of a vellel. That which incirclcs 
 any thing. 
 
 RIME, S. [rhifv, Sax.] hoar frofl. A 
 hole or chink, from rinta, Lat. 
 
 To RIME, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 freeze with hoar froft, 
 
 - RIMO'SE, Adj. [rimofus, Lat.] full if 
 clefts or chinks. 
 
 RIMO'SITY, S. [rimojltas, Lat] the qua- 
 lity of being full of clefts or chinks. 
 
 To RI'MPLE, V. A. to pucker ; to con- 
 tract into corrugations. 
 
 R.1ND, S. ri::de, Belg.] the bark, hulk, 
 or outfidc-covering of vegetables. 
 
 To RIND, V. N. t» drip oif its bark, 
 hufk, or outlide covering. 
 
 RING, [bring. Sax. ringh, Belg.] a cir- 
 cle. A circle of gold or other metal worn as 
 an ornament. A circle of metal to hold by. 
 A circle made by flanding round. A circular 
 courfe. A number of bells. A found. 
 
 To RING, V. A. fpreter. and part. palT. 
 rung, Sax.J to ftrike bells or other bodies {o 
 as to make them found. To encircle. To 
 fit or fupply with rings. Neuterly, to found, 
 like a bell. To make bells found. To found 
 or tinkle. To be filled with a bruit or report, 
 followed by of. 
 
 RING-BONE, S. a hard callous fubftance 
 growing in the hollow circle of the little paf- 
 tern of a horfe : it fometimes goes quite 
 round like a ring. 
 
 RI'NGDOVE, S. Irhingclduy-ve, Teut.j 
 a kind of pigeon. 
 
 Rl'NGER, S. he who rings. 
 E-FNGLEADER, S. the head of a riotous 
 crowd. 
 
 Rl'NGLET, S. [a diminutive of ring] a 
 fmall ring or circle. A curl. 
 
 RFNGSTREAKED, Adj. marked with 
 circular flreaks. 
 
 Rl'NGWORM, S. a circular tetter; 
 To RINSE, V. A. [ri^^fer, Fr. renfer, Dan. 
 from rein. Sax.] to cleanfe by wafliing j to 
 wafh the foap out of cloaths. 
 
 RI'NSER, S, one who walhes or rinfes 5 
 a wafner. 
 
 RFOT, S. [riotte, old Fr. riots, Ital.] 
 wild and loofe mirth. An uproar or fedi- 
 tious tumult. To run riot, is to a<ft without 
 controul or rcflraint. 
 
 To RFOT, V. N. to abandon one's felf 
 to pleafurc. To feaft in a luxurious manner. 
 To raife a fedition or uproar. 
 
 Rl'OTER, S. one who is diffipated i* 
 luxury ; one who excites an uproar. 
 Rl'OTISE, S. diflolutenefs j luxury. 
 RFOTOUSNESS, S. the ftate of being 
 riotous. 
 
 Rl'OTOUS, Adj. {riotcux, Fr.] luxuri- 
 ous. \Vanton. Seditious or turbulent. 
 , To RIP, V. A. [%/.w:, Sax.] to cut a- 
 funder any thing fewed by a knife. To tear 
 in pifCSS. To take away from by cutting. 
 
 figura-
 
 R I V 
 
 Figuratively, to difclofe or bring to view any 
 thing indudrioufly concealed. 
 
 RiPE, Adj. [Sax. riif), Belg.] I)rought to 
 peitVcf^iou by time and growth. Refembling 
 ripe fruit. Finiihcd. Brought to the point 
 of talking cffcit. Qualified by gradual im- 
 provement. 
 
 To RIPE, V. N. to grow fit for nfe by 
 time. To be matured, ACiivdj, to make 
 ripe. 
 
 Rl'PELY, Adv. maturelyj at the proper 
 time. 
 
 To RITEN, V. N. to become perfect or 
 fit for ufe by growtli, time or gradual im- 
 provement, Acftively, to make ripe. 
 
 RI'PENESS, S. the (tate of being full 
 gro'.vn ; fit for ufe, or perfeift. 
 
 RI'Pi'ER, S. [from >ij}] one who rips ; 
 one who tear:>, o;ie who lacerates. 
 
 To RI'PPIiE, V. N. to fret on the fur- 
 face, as water fwiftly running. 
 
 Rl'P TOWELL, S. a gratuity given to 
 tenants, after they had reaped their lord's 
 corn. 
 
 To RI'SE, V. N. [prefer, rofe, part. nfen. 
 fiom rijj!!, Sa>;. j to get up frosn the ground. 
 To get up from a feat, or after a fall. To 
 fpring or grow up. To be advanced with 
 refpeft to rank or fortune. To fwell. To 
 amend. Tocome into notice. To begin to 
 a&. To make an infurredfion. To be roufcd, 
 or e.Hcited to action. To rife j:p for, is to 
 undertake the defence of a perfon : to rife 
 7/p a?ainfl, is to attack. To elevate, applied 
 to (H!e or fentiments. To be revived after 
 death . 
 
 RISE, S. the aft of getting up from any 
 feat, or from the ground. Afcent. A place 
 that adiits a perfon jn an afcent. An emi- 
 nence. The firit appearance of the {an above 
 the horifon. Increafe in any refpect. Be- 
 ginning or original. Eaicreafe of found. 
 
 RI'SER, S. one that rifes. 
 
 RISIBI'LITY, S, [from r-ffibkl the qua- 
 lity of laughing. 
 
 RISIBLE, Adj. [Fr. rifihirn, Lat.] having 
 the faculty of laughing. Ridiculous, or 
 fit to excite laughter. 
 
 RISK, S. irifgjie, Fr. riefgo, Span.] hazard, 
 or chance of falling into danger, or leceivin^ 
 harm. ^ 
 
 To RISK., V. A. to expofe to danger. 
 
 RI'SKER, S. one that rifl;s. 
 
 RITE, S. [rit, Fr. ritu^, L.,t.] a folemn 
 aft of religion ; an external ceremony. 
 
 RI'TUAL, Adj. done according to fome 
 religious inftltution } according to^ external 
 ceremonies. 
 
 RI'TUAL, S. a book containing the rites 
 OT ceremonies of divine wor/hip. 
 
 RITUALIST, S. a IHckler for ceremo- 
 nies in religious worlhip. 
 
 RI'VAGE, S. [Fr.] a bsnk; a coaft. 
 
 RI'VAL, [riTjalis, Lat.] one who is in 
 purfuit cf ths {unvi fehing a^ another. One 
 
 ROB 
 
 who drives at the fame time as another ta 
 gain a woman's affeftions. One who endea- 
 vours to furpjfs anotlier. 
 
 RI'VAL, Adj. making the fime claim. 
 Purfuing the fame objeft. Emulous. 
 
 To RI'VAL, V. A. to oppole or endea- 
 vour to gain fomething attempted by another- 
 To endeavour to equal or sxccl. Neuterly, 
 to be competitors, 
 
 RIVA'LITY, RI'VALRY, S. the (late 
 of two perfons who endeavour to furpali 
 each orfier, or to attain the fan>e thing. 
 
 RI'VALSHIP, S. the (late of a perfoa 
 who endeavours to obtain tlie fame thing as 
 another. 
 
 To RIVE, V. A. [part, riwn, from 
 ryfi. Sax.] to fplit or force afunder, by driv- 
 ing in fomething blunt. Keutcily to he 
 fplit. 
 
 To RI'VEL, V. A. [r.'n#/, Belg.] to 
 Gontraft in wrinkles. 
 
 Rl'VEN, participle of Rive. 
 
 RI'VER, S. [ri-uire, Fr. ri-vierra, Ital.] 
 a current of water which rifcs from a fpring, 
 and flows in a long and narrow channel. 
 
 RI'VET, S. a pin ufed in faftening any 
 thing confifting of two or more pieces, and 
 clenched at both ends. 
 
 To RI'VET, V. A. to fiiflen by a plii 
 clenched at both ends. To faftcn ftron£;lv. 
 _ Rl'VULET, S. [ri-vulus, Lat.] a ihiall 
 river, or Ifream of running water. 
 
 RIXDO'LLAR, S. a filver coin flruck ia 
 feveral parts of Germany, valued at 4s. 6d. 
 ilcrling. 
 
 RO'ACH, S. [rutulus, Lat.] a frefh water 
 fifh, noted for its fimpliciry. 
 
 ROAD, S. ^radc, Fr. and Sclav, reed, 
 Belg.] a large path travelled by carriages. A 
 place where fliips may anchor. 
 
 To ROAM, V. A. [rcmijare, Ital.] to 
 wander at large, or without a fettled purpofe. 
 Aftively, to range or wander over. 
 
 ROATvIER, S. a rambler; a rover; a 
 wanderer, 
 
 ROAN, 'Adj. [r-ouen, Fr. 7-oano, Ital] of 
 a grey, forrel, or i)lack colour, with gray or 
 white fpots, thickly interfperfed. 
 
 To ROAR, V. N. [raran, Sax.] to make 
 a loud noife, applied to that made by a lion 
 or other wild beaft. To make a great out- 
 cry in diflrefs. To found or make a loud 
 noife, applied to the wind. 
 
 ROAR, S. the cry of a lion or other large 
 bead. An outcry of diftrcfs. A clamour or 
 noife of merriment. Any loud noife. 
 
 ROA'RY, Adj. [better rcrj- ; rorcs, Lat.] 
 dewy. 
 
 To ROAST, V. A. \gcrcf}adh, Sa)f. rofljr, 
 or rotir, Fr.] to drefs meat on a fpit which 
 turns round before a fire. To drefs before a 
 fire. To beat any thing violently. To ride 
 the Toafl, is to govern, manage, or prcfidc 
 over. 
 
 ROB, S. [Arab ] jviice made thick.
 
 ROC 
 
 To ROB, V. A. [rcher, old Fr, rohhare, 
 Jtal.] to take away unlawfully, and by force. 
 To be robbed, is to lofe any thing by vio- 
 lence, or by fecret theft ; but in the aftive 
 voice, to rob is applied only to the takinjr 
 any thing away by open violence ; and to 
 Jhal, to the taking any thing away by fecret 
 theft. 
 
 RO'BBER, S. one who deprives another 
 unlawfully of his property. 
 
 RO'BBERY, S. theft committed, eiilier 
 by open force or privacy. 
 
 ROBE, S. [rMe, Fr. robba,ltal.] a gown 
 of Hate, worn by perfons of diftindioa. A 
 gown worn by infants. A gown worn by 
 girls, before they put on mantuas. 
 
 To ROBE, V, A. to'cloathe in a robe. 
 To drcfs in a proper manner. 
 
 ROBK'RSMAN, ROBE'RTSMAN, S. 
 in the old flatutes, a fort of bold and (lout 
 robbers or night-thieves, faid to be fo calcd 
 from Rol>inhood. 
 
 ROBINRE'DBREAST, S. a bird fo nam- 
 ed from the colour of its breast. 
 
 ROCO'REOwS, Adj. [robur, Lat.j made 
 of oak, 
 
 RO'BUST, PvOBU'SnOUS, fid], [ro- 
 ir'jti'S; l.at.] fiirong made. " Rohup'.ui to no 
 purpofe." Milt. Violent. Requiring ttren^jth. 
 Rohuflkuz is now olifolete. 
 ■ ROBU'STNKSS, S. the quality of being 
 m^de (Irono. 
 
 ROCAMBO'LE, S. a kind of wild garlic. 
 
 RO'CHE-ALOM, S. incbc, Fr. a rock,] 
 the purert fort of alum. 
 
 ROOJiliSl'ER, S. Antoninus's Duro- 
 briu or Durobrevis, a very ancient city of 
 Kent, on the E. fide of the Medway, and 
 the fee of a biihop, the moft ancient in En<r- 
 land, next to Canterbury. It is governed by 
 a. mayor, recorder, twelve aldermen, 8zc. and 
 feuds two members to parliament. It gave 
 
 title of e .rl to feveral families, but iaft to the j taining fixteen feet and a half A bundle of 
 Hydcs, dtfcendants of the earl of Clarendon, j birchen tv.igs, ufed in correcting children. 
 .Here on the Medway is a fine (Tone bridge of i Correifiion. 
 eleven arches. The cathedral of St. Andrew • RODE, pret. of Ride. 
 is nately and ancient, Ixing of the original I RODOMONTA'DE, S. [Fr. from a boif- 
 conflruifiion before the Conqueft. Heic are j terous hero in Ariofro, called A'o^o;««/f,] an 
 two churches more, but united into one p.,- 1 empty noify blultcr ; or brag. 
 rllh. The town condlls of one princip.tl To RODOMONTA'DE, V. N. to brng, 
 
 R O G 
 
 ' by the mayor J whofe jurifdiciion in this ts-^ 
 fpefl having been contelled, it was confirmcdl 
 by an a<fl of parliament in 1729, and i)y ano- 
 ther (ince ; fo that the iilhery flourilhes now« 
 It is contiguous to Chatham and Stroud ; and 
 lies 22 miles from Canterbury, and thirty 
 from London. Its weekly markets are on 
 Wcdnefday and Friday, with annual faiss on 
 May 30 and December 11, for horfes, bul- 
 locks, and all forts of commodities. 
 
 RO'CHE r, S. [Fr. rocus, low Lat.] a fur- 
 plice. A filh. 
 
 ROCK, S. [rocc. Sax. roche, Fr. roccas, 
 Ital.] a vaft mafs of ftone. Figuratively, 
 prote<ftion or defence. 
 
 To ROCK, V. A. [rocquer, Fr.] to fiiaka 
 or move backwards and forwards. To move 
 in a cradle. Figuratively, to lull or quiet. 
 Neuterly, to move to and fro in a cradle. 
 To (hcikc viohntly. 
 
 ROCK DOE, S. a fpecies of deer, which 
 breeds chiefly on the Alps, is remarkable for 
 its fwil'tncfs, and probably is of that fpecies 
 mentioned in the book oi' Job. 
 
 RO' KER, S one who rocks the cradle. 
 
 R.OCKRURY, S. a name given by the 
 lapidaries to tlie garnet, when of a very 
 flroHg, though not deep red, with a fair call 
 of the blue. 
 
 _ RO'CKET, S. \rorhctto, Jtal.] an artifi- 
 cial fire- work, canfiding of a cylindrical pa- 
 per filled v.ith nitre, charcoal, fulphur, gun- 
 powder, <2:c. which being faftcned to a (lick 
 mounts in the air, and then buifts. In Bo- 
 tany, a pbnt. 
 
 RO'CKVrORi:, S. flones fi.^ed in mortir 
 to refemblc a rocl-:. 
 
 RC'CI'IY, Adj. full of rocks. Stoney. 
 Hard, or obdurate. 
 
 ROD, S. [rort/, Belg.] a long twig. Any 
 thirig long and (lender. A fcepter. An in- 
 flrument ufed in meafuring. A meafure con- 
 
 fcroad (Ircet, but ill- built, with large fuburbs 
 towards tlie S. E. and W. The Watling- 
 lireet runsdirc^Iy ihtough it from Shooter's 
 Jiill, iier Blackheath, to Dover. Thcchal-I 
 
 ROE, S. [,-j, ra dcor, Sax. J a jpecics of 
 deer. The female of a buclc. 
 
 ROE, S tile eggs or fpawn of a fifli. 
 rogation", S. [Fr.J a litany or fup- 
 
 ky clifi' under ihe old cp.ftle b;iiig vv.ilheJ I plication. The Roga;ion-':uccky is that im 
 
 away by th.e rapidity of the Kr^ani, huge 
 tracts of tiie wall have tumbled down ; the 
 ground on thit fide is low and marlhy, being 
 overtiown every tide. in feveral of the 
 creeks and br<iuches of the IVIedway, within 
 the jurifdiOion of Rocheder, there is an 
 oyflcr-(i!liLry, the opening and (hutting of 
 •which grounds, wiili tlie quantity cacli 
 dredgerman lliall tukc in a day, is rcgul.ited 
 
 mcciiatelv preceding Whitfanday, and is fo 
 called from three (Ms, held on Monday. 
 Tuefday, and Wcdnefday, named Ro^athr- 
 day., from the cxtraord. nary prayers and pro- 
 celfions '.hen made for tlie fruits of the ejrth ; 
 or as a preparation for celebrating Holy 
 Thurfday. 
 
 ROGUE, S. rskinner detives it front- 
 rogue, Fr, impudent, or from ror.gi, Heb or 
 
 fanotf
 
 ROM 
 
 paxo;, Gr. bad] a wandering beggar. A vil- 
 lain or thiet-". Ufed likewiie to carry the idea 
 of lli^ht tenjerncfs and waggery. 
 
 To ROGUK, V. N. [tiom the noun] to 
 |)lay the vas^al.ond ; to wander. To pby 
 knavifh tricks. 
 
 RO'GURRY, S. knavini, or arch tricks. 
 
 RO'GUISH, Adj. knavilh; Iligl.tly mif- 
 chievous. M'aggilli, 
 
 RO'GUISHLY, Adv. in a knavifii man- 
 ner, wantonly ; like a rogue. 
 
 RG'GUISHNESS, S. [from ,o^nij2>] the 
 equalities of a rbgue. 
 
 To ROIST, or ROI'STER, V. N. 
 ['^'?o-, Ifl.j to behave in a turbtilent and 
 blufiering mariner. 
 
 R01'.vr£R, or ROrSTERER, S.a tur- 
 bulent or hlafiering fellow. 
 
 To ROLL, V. A. I ;-o.y/o7 , Fr. rol/en, Belg. 
 from rotulus, of roto, Lat.] to move any thing 
 by a fuccellive application of its difTerent 
 parts on the ground. To move any thing 
 round upon its axis. -To make a thing move 
 jn a circle. To wrap round about. 1 o form 
 into round mafics, by rubbing on a furiace. 
 To pour in a dream or waves. Neutcrly, to 
 move or be moved by a fuccellive application 
 of its parts or) any furface. To run on wheels. 
 To move in a tumultuous manner. 
 
 ROLL, S. the acl of moving by a fuccef- 
 five application of its parts on the ground. 
 Any thing i oiling. A rcafs made round, 
 [from rouleau, Fr.J A round, or cylindrical 
 body, u(ed in breaking clods. A public 
 writing, from rof-lu%, Lat. alluding to the 
 ancient method of rolling writings oil a flick. 
 A legitter, catalogue, orchronicli. A kind 
 of fmall loaf, {o called from its figure. 
 
 R.O'LLER, S. Iridcau, Fr.] any thing 
 turning on its owii axis. A bandaye or 
 filkt. 
 
 RO'LLING-PIN. S. a round piece of 
 wood tape; ing at each end, ufcd in making 
 paOe. 
 
 ROLLYPOOLY, S. a fort of game, in 
 which, when a ball runs in a certain place, 
 It wins. 
 
 ROLLING-PRESS, S. a prefs to print 
 on copper-plate. 
 
 RO'.vLAGli, ^. \_r(,mage, Fr.] a tumult 
 or hulllc. 
 
 ROJ.L^'NCE, S. \r'oman, Fr. romanza, 
 Itrd.] a ftory or narrative of nftitious adven- 
 tures. In common fpeech, a lie. 
 
 To ROMA'N'CE, V. N. to fpeak falfe- 
 hoods. To lie. 
 
 ROMA'NCER, S. [from i-cvw-nce] a liar ; 
 a forger of tales. 
 
 To RO'MANIZE, V. A. [from yowav, 
 Fr.] to latinize ; to fill with modes of the 
 Roman fpeech. 
 
 ROMA'NTIC, Adj. refembling a ro- 
 tiiance. Wild. Improbable. Fanciful. 
 
 ROME, (in Latin iJowii] a very ancient 
 and cwnf;dcr..bk city, once the midrefs and 
 
 ROM 
 
 conquetx^fs of the world, and the feat of tlie 
 Roman empire. It has fince been the refi- 
 d'nce of the pope, and head of the Romai.- 
 catholic_ church, and is funated in the Can- 
 pagna di Roma, a provirce of the Ecclefialti- 
 cal State, and middle divilion of Italy. With 
 it no city can compare for the magnificence 
 of its buildings and antiquities, the number 
 of its monuments and curiofities, together 
 with the fingularity and importance of its 
 hi.dorical events. 
 
 Rome is the center and repofitory, as it 
 were, of all that is exquifite in painting, 
 fciilpture, and architedure. According to 
 fome. it was founded 75^ years before the 
 Chrirtidn ^^ra, and that by Romulus its firfi; 
 king. The form and fite of this ciiy have 
 been frequently changed, particularly after 
 the dcvaltation of it by the ancient Gauls, 
 Vandals, Heruli, Ead and Weft Goths ; and 
 laflly, by the Germans, under Charles of 
 Bouriion, in the year, 157.7, when it was 
 taken and miferably facked; and the pope 
 being clofcly befieged in the cattle of St. An- 
 gelo, was obliged to fubmit to the conqueror. 
 It frauds at prefent upon twelve (anciently 
 but feven) hills ; a great part of which being 
 wathed down or mouldered into the Vdlleys, 
 the Tarpeian rock, once a frightful preci- 
 pice, from wliich malefaftors ufed to be 
 thrown, is now no more than 20 feet high. 
 This city is furrouiided with a wall, on which 
 are upwards of 3C0 antique towers, many of 
 them decayed, and about ten Italian miles in 
 circuit, having in it twenty gates ; but not 
 the half of this fpace of ground is occUpiid 
 I)y houfes, as many places wheie (lately ftruc- 
 turesonce flood, ai e now tui-ned into gardens, 
 fields, meadows, and vineyards. According 
 to an account taken by pope Clement XL in 
 1714. the number of its inhabitants was 
 found to amount to 143,000, The Tyber 
 runs through the city from N, to S. forming 
 an ilLnd. That part (landing on its righc 
 tide is not above a fifth or fixth part of the 
 other, and is called Tradevere, or beyond 
 (he Tyber, h;;ving a communication with 
 the oppofite fide, by means of five bridges, 
 «ne of wh'ch is called II Ponte Rotto, or the 
 broken bridge, being now quite decayed. 
 The others, which aie (HU entire, are Pontc 
 Sixto, De S. Bartholomen, De Quartro Capf, 
 and S. Arigelo. In the magnificence and 
 fpleridor of its religious (Iruiflures, the mo- 
 dern Pvome is at leall equal to the ancient. 
 The number of churches are reckoned about 
 300, tiie noblefl and mod magnificent of 
 which is St. Peter'.s, for the harmony of its 
 architedlure, finenefs, and great variety of 
 caived and gilt work, pifturcs, datucs, Szc. 
 tiiat cannot be viewed but with a pleafino' 
 adonifliment. It dands on the fite of Cali- 
 gula's Circus, and was fird dedicated by Cou- 
 dantine the Great to the twelve Apoftles. 
 But in I i;5c, it was entirely rebuilt j for pops 
 F i i ]xi\m
 
 ROM 
 
 R O O 
 
 J'Jiiui II. began it on Bi:am,.iite Lszaii's 'gello or captiiin of the Sbirri, to keep al! 5:5' 
 pljn ; his fiicceiFor, Paiil III. coniinucJ it on ! order and awe, Rome is divided into f'our- 
 tlist of Miclir.el An^eio, and i: was finilhed j teen quarters. The citizens here are ir.orc 
 under tlie p:;pacy of Juiins V. i'o that it was j coniplaifant than in any otlier place in Eu- 
 tJie work of loo yesrs. The ornament ol | rope, and far from havin*^ thai fpjrit of bi- 
 
 St. Peter's chair cofl: 107,551 Roman crowns, 
 at 5,s. and 6d. V4!ue each. It is remarkable, 
 tliit on occafion of the indulgencics granted 
 &y the popes forr^ifing the acccfljryfumsfor 
 this purpofi:, the Reformation in Europe was 
 Lcnu.) by Lnther. Much after the pliMi of 
 tjiis noble Jtrufiure Sir Chriitophcr Wren 
 hui't the (iae cathedral qf St. I'aul in 
 London. It is 722 feet long, and 8S broad; 
 the brcadih of the front is 400 feet, and the 
 whole height from the floor to the top of the 
 crofs iJiat Itandsovcr ihclull, 432 feet. Be- 
 fore this cinircii is a fpacitnis and maonificent 
 piazza, in the middle of \%hich. is an oljcJifk 
 of pran iteor black n;i^arb!e from Efypt, reared 
 at an iinmenfc expcnce in the papacy of Six- 
 ths V. by.Domenico Foultana. It is eighty 
 f4;et high, and ftan;£ on a pedefla! of thirty 
 more, and at top is a brafs gilt crofs. St, I'e- 
 t'r% chiircli cod 40,000,000 crownsbuilding, 
 biiides the iJAy repaiis and decor.itions made 
 to it. The annual revenue belonging to it is 
 upward'^ of zo,ooo 1 The Pantheon, com- 
 monly called the Rotunda, though it hath loft 
 much of its prilline magnificence, is Hill one 
 of the moft entire antique ftruOures in Italy. 
 >'e:;r Sr. I'eter's is the Vatican or winter-pa- 
 lace of tiie pope, with a famous library of the 
 choicelt books and MSS. and a "charming 
 garden, called, by way of eminence, Belvi- 
 dere, having die fined collection of exotics in 
 :itl Europe. Among the innunierable ftatues 
 in Rofi-ic, arc thofc of Pafquin and Marforio, 
 t) which nil lampoons a;c ufuaily.afiixed,- the 
 witty qucdions beivig pat on the latter, and 
 the anfwers to them on th.e former. '1 he 
 Lateran church is the pope's catliidr.d, and 
 
 gotry and perfecution which prevails in other 
 Roman-catholic countries, tkre is nlnty 
 of all forts of provilions, and a great Variety 
 of excellent wines ; but in Rome they are 
 drank very modefattly, and generally n.ixed 
 with water. It frauds near 17 milts from 
 the. Tnfcan fea, and about 142 N. W. of 
 Naples, 380 S. from Vienna, 560 S. E, from 
 Paris, and 740 from Aijiderdam, 810 from 
 London, 7'^o W. of Condantinople. and 
 900 E. of Madrid. Lat 41 deg. 47 min. N. 
 long. 3 deg. 5 min. E. 
 
 RO'MISH, Adj. [irom Rome] popilh. 
 
 ROMP, S. [fee Ramp] a girl fond of 
 fport and pl.iy. Rough or rude play. 
 
 To ROMP, V. N, to play in a ncify, 
 rude, or wanton manner. 
 
 RO'NDEAU, S. [Fr,] an ancient kind 
 of poetry ci^nfiding of thirteen verfes, divided' 
 into ilnee couplets; attheendof th€ fecond 
 and third, ti^c beginning of the firll is re- 
 peated in an equivocal fcnfe. 
 
 RONT.S. an animal dinted in tbeerowth. 
 
 RO'.N'Di.ES, S, [from rw/w(/Ja round mafs.- 
 
 RO'NiON, S. a fat bulky woman. 
 
 ROOD, S. [from ro^i] a meafure contain- 
 ing the fourth part of an acre. A pole or a 
 meafure of fixteen feet and an half. The 
 crofs, from ;Wr, Sax, See Holyrood. 
 
 ROOF, S. [/ji-of. Sax.] the corner or top 
 of a houfe. The vault or inHde arch which 
 covers a buildinji. Figuratively, the palate 
 or upper p..rt of the month. 
 
 'Fo ROOF, V. A. to encloCe or cover with 
 a roof. To inciofe and entertain in a houfc. 
 
 ROOK, S. {/jroc, Sax.] a black bird 
 feedinn on carrion, and rcfcnibiing a crow. 
 
 fliied the mother of all the churches in the -'^ me.in man at chefs, from roc:0, Ital. Fi- 
 world. It dands on mount Cadius. Here gurativelv, a cheat or (harper. 
 
 the pope takes polleflion of the panil dignity, 
 and performs allepifcopal fuaiCiioiis. In its 
 cloider is the porphyry-ctair ivr fcrutiny. 
 Rome in general is magnificently built, and 
 the ftrceis . fpacious and wtll.pa,ved ; but, 
 among thefe, fome are mean and dirty. No 
 part in the world is better provided with fine 
 water tjian Rome; for, befijes good fpriugs, 
 here are three grand aqueduifls which con- 
 vey vi;a'er into tlie city. TJie government 
 of Rome is divided into the fpiritual and 
 temporal. In the former the pope in his 
 coiic'ave regulates every thing of moment ; 
 and with regard to inierior matters, he has 
 his vicar, who is a cardinal ; and under him 
 is a vicegerent, generally a biihop, as his 
 allidant. The temporal rule of the city is 
 com mil ted to a governor, wlio is fome cardinal 
 tjr prelate, and he is obJi. el to give his holi- 
 j^<-\'s an account every vieck of whatever paf- 
 
 ROtVKERY, S. a nurfery for rooks. 
 j To ROOK, V. N. to rob, to cheat. 
 I ROOM, S. [n^ms, Goth, ruir, Sjv.J fpace 
 or extent of place. Space or pUce unoccu- 
 pied. Pallagc or fpaee for p^fSng. Space 
 or opportunity free from obdrudlion. An 
 apartment in an houfe. 
 
 ROO'MAGE, S. fpace or p'acc. 
 
 ROO'MINESS, S. thequality of contain- 
 ing much extent or vacapt fpace. 
 
 ROO'MY, Adj. wide; ipaeions. 
 
 ROOST, S. [iroj}. Sax. ,-ocfm, Belg.] a 
 pole on which a bird fits to deep. The aCi of 
 deep ; applied primarily to fowls, and figura- 
 tively to men. 
 
 To ROO.ST, V.N. Iroa/kn, Belg.] to 
 deep as a bird. To lodge, 
 
 ROOT, S [in. r^i, Swcd. rcai, Belg.] 
 In Botany, that part of a plant which reds 
 in the ground, imbibes the juices of the 
 
 its. tcfidcs ills pv.'ii ^jiiard, he has a bari- eartii, aiiJ tiunfniite them to the plant for 
 
 t autriciOQ,
 
 R O S 
 
 R O S 
 
 nutrition. Figuratively, the bottom or lower [ a navigable river. Then it was, th.if t!ie en* 
 part. A plant wliofe roots are eaten._ 1 lie i raged <jueen found means to difpatch out o ' 
 original, firit caufe or anceflor. An imprcf- ^ her way a hated rival that had caufed hef 
 
 fiOTij or hifting effe(ft and refidence. In Ma- 
 thematics, a quantity confidered as the IdUh 
 of a higher power. In Grammar, a primitive 
 word, from whence others are derived or 
 compounded. 
 
 To ROOT, V. N. to fiM the root, or 
 ftrike far into the earth. To turn up the 
 earth. Aflively, to fix deep and fim in the 
 earth. To imprefs or fix deeply. To pull up 
 by the roots ; to turn up out of the ground ; 
 ufed with uf.. To dtftroy entiie!y, or extir- 
 pate ; ufed with c:a. 
 
 ROO'TED, Adj. fixed firmly and deeply 
 in the earth, or any other place. 
 
 ROO'TY, fl.d], full of roots. „, , „„. 
 
 ROPE, S. [ras, Sax. reep, Belg.] a cord vifits ; ku cither de-id or alive !!.e wash 
 made of hemp. A row of things hanging Ijy tlie fame fubterrane uis paO'-pe, in 
 down. " A rope o? onions." 
 
 To R.OPE, V. N. to draw out into 
 threads, or vifcous filaments. 
 
 RO'PERY, S. [from rope] rogue's tricks. 
 RO'PINESS, S. [from ropy\ vifcofity ; 
 gliitinoufnefs 
 
 RO'PY, Adj. [from rff^c] vifcous j ten.i- 
 cious ; glutinous. 
 
 RO'QUELAURE, S. [Fr.] a long cloak 
 ufed by men. 
 
 RORA'TION, S. [rem, Lat.] a falling 
 of dew. 
 
 RO'RID, S. [rcriJus, Lat.] dewy. 
 RORI'FEROUS, Adj. [ros and fero, Lat.] 
 producing dew. 
 
 RORI'FLUENT, Adj. [ros and/«o, Lat.] 
 Sowing with dew. 
 
 RO'S^MOND, daughter of U^alter lord 
 Clifford ; a young hiJy, according to the 
 writers of the age fhe lived in, of infinite 
 beauty, whom Henry IF. fell in love with 
 and feduced. Among his many miftrefTeS) 
 this lady having the chief afcendant over hir,i, 
 became the principal objeift of the queen's 
 jealoufy. Plenry fancied he had fecured her 
 from all attempts, by keeping her in a bower 
 built for that purpofe at Woodl'tock. But 
 this bower could not fccure the fair Rofa- 
 mond from the purfuits of the jealous queen, 
 who even here found the means of tncom- 
 padiiig her end. For Henry III. who by his 
 father's indulgence had been crowned in his 
 life-time, rebelled in Normandy ; and the 
 queen perfuading two more of her fons to 
 join their brother, Henry IL was obliged to 
 crofs the feas to quell the rebellious princes, ^j »..- ""■.';> ....wu.i,, .>.,^ ......ji^u wn. 
 
 During this time the queen refided at the daughter and heirefs of lord Sahibury ; the 
 royal palace at Oxford, and undertook to fee other Geoffrey, archbllhop of York. 
 Rofamond, which fhe eilecled, not by mur- RO'SARY, S. a bunch or (liiiig of beads 
 dering the guards of the bower, and being on which the RomaniRs count their prayers, 
 guided into it by a clue of thread, as has been I RO'SCID, Adj. [roclcJus, Lat.] dewy; 
 trroneoufly believed ; but by a fubterraneous abounding with dew. 
 
 way, digged from Godfluw nunnery to V/opd- ROSE, S. [Fr. rof/i, Lat.] a (\o\\cr whor- 
 frock bower, though five miles diftant from petals are p!accd circularly, and expand in a 
 each other j and'cirrietl even unJcr the Ills, beautiful order j of which th.5 fjecies are 
 
 ' Fff a many. 
 
 much unea^nefs ; but whether by giving her 
 poifon, oui- hiQorians are eniirely hlcnt ; a 
 fiory built probably upon no better foundation 
 than an ola fong. The plot of Mr. Addifon's 
 opera upon this fubjed, has bc-en taken for 
 poetical ficlion : 
 
 ^Ve fpiteof fame, her fate revers'd believe, 
 O'erlook her crimes, and think (he ouglit 
 
 to live. 
 He does not kill Rofamond, but fi;ppofe9 
 her to be carried away to the nunnery alive : 
 for which he had much better authority, th2n 
 for her being poifoned and dying upon the 
 fpot. Cci tain it is, however, fhe did not live 
 long, at kail in this bower, after the queen's 
 
 rouglit 
 y the lame fubterrane uis paO'ipe, into the 
 tiunucry; the entrance of which'is ftill to be 
 fcen amongfl: its ruins. After all, unlefs the 
 clironicle of John Brumpton, the monk, is 
 of lefs authority than that of the old long, 
 Pvofamond did rot die in iiy-jy^ nor was ILe 
 poifoncdby qi;een Eleanor, 'Jhis writer fays, 
 that after the king had in-,prlf^>ned his queen, 
 he publickly and for a long while kei-t t'^ofd' 
 mond. She was buried in tb.e church be- 
 longing to Godflovv nunnery, a.Td the fame 
 writer gives us the follow ing epitaph, whicli 
 was to be fecn in his days ; and is indeed at 
 this time written upon the wall of the chapel 
 choir, which is yet Handing, and her grave 
 marked round with a nnnovv ridi^e of (lones : 
 Hie jacet in tumb.', Rofa Mur.dinonRo& 
 
 Monda, 
 Non redolet, {^d olet,. qua! redolcre folet. 
 The reader (hall have old Speeu'srendering, 
 for want of a better : 
 
 This tomb doth here inclofe 
 The world's moft beauteous rofe j 
 Rofe pafiing fweet e'er wiiile, 
 Now nought but odour viic. 
 The monument has been repaired and 
 beautified j nor is it many years fin ce there 
 were fome remains of the Cower to be feen, 
 near Blenheim cafUe. In one of the adja- 
 cent meads they ftill fiiew us Rofamond's 
 pond, where flie is fuppofcd to have bathed 
 herfelf. But uniefs Ihc ufed it as a coM 
 bath, the (lory is fcarcely cied:blc; the wa- 
 ter being extremely fo, iil'uing directly from 
 a roc';, and falling into a fquarcbafon thice 
 or four feet deep. This lady had two fons 
 by the king; William, wlio m.irrlcd the
 
 ROT 
 
 R O U 
 
 many. To fpcak under the rofe, is to difclofe a !of a t'ound form, both en the oulfidc and in 
 fecret, or reveal any thing which will not be jthejnfidfi 
 diicovcreJ nherwatds. 
 
 ROSK, preter. of Risen. 
 
 RO'SEaTE, Adj. [from rofi.] Rofy ; 
 full if rofcs. Bloon>:n2, fragrant, purple, 
 as a rofe. 
 
 ROSEMARY, S. [rofmirimn, Lat.] a 
 plant. 
 
 ROSE-NOBLE, S. an En;;!i(h gold coin, 
 in value anciently fixteen ftiillinj;s. 
 
 RO'SEWATh-R, S. water d-.^illed from 
 rofes. 
 
 RO'SET, S. [from nfe] a red colour for 
 painters. 
 ' ROSICRU'CIANS, S. chynv.As who call 
 themfclves brothers of the Ro y Crofs. 
 
 RO'SIN, S, fee R£5i.v, which is the nioH 
 proper fpcliirjg. 
 
 1 o RO'SIN, V. A. lo rub wiih vofin. 
 
 RO'SINY, Adj. lefc-mbling rufin. 
 
 RO'SSEL, S. light land. 
 
 KOSTRATED, Adj. [rs^lratitSy Lat.] 
 adorned witli beaks of Ihips. 
 
 To ROVE, V. N. [roffvcr, Dan.] to ram- 
 ble, wander, or walk about without any par- 
 ticular determination. Aftively, to wander 
 0%'er. 
 
 RO'VER, S. a wanderer. A fickle or in- 
 conftant perfon. A robber or pirate. 
 
 ROUGE, S. [Fr.] red paint. 
 
 RUL'GH, Adj. [pronounced n/ff, Iruh, 
 kruLge, Sax.] having inequalities on the fur- 
 face, cppofed to fmooth. Auflere, applied to 
 the tadc. Harlh, applied to fonnd. Severe, 
 or void of civility, applied to Behaviour. 
 Hard-featured. Not finiCied or polifr.ctl, 
 Coarfc. Tempefluous, applitd to weatlicr. 
 
 To RO'UGHCAST, V. A. to form in a 
 careleisor inelegant manner, with inequalities 
 on its furface. To form anything in its fiilt 
 rudimen's. 
 
 ■ ROU'G?ICAST, S. a rude model. A kind 
 of plai(!er very uneven in its furface, becaufe 
 mi-xed with pebbles, 8tc. 
 
 RQU'GH-DRAUGHT, S. a draught of 
 
 RO'STRUM, S. [Lat. J the be;ik of a bird 'a thing performed without caieor nicety, 
 or fnip. A feuftoU or pulpit, whence orators j To ROU'GHDRAW, V. A. Irougo at?d 
 antiently harangued. A pipe which conveys d at'.-^, to trace coarffy. 
 liquor into the receiver in common alembics, j To HOU'GHEN, V. A. to make rough. 
 A pair of crooked fcilfars uleJ in diluting j To ROL'GII-HEW, V. A. to form in a 
 
 rude and carelefs manner. 
 
 ROTJ'GHLY, Adv. widi uneven furface : 
 haifhly ; n;dcly. 
 
 RGU'GHNESS, S. Inequality or ruj 
 
 P 
 
 WOUll 
 
 RO'SY, Adj". [i-oj'cus, Lar.] refembling a 
 rofe in bloom, be..u:y, or fragrance. 
 • To ROT, V. N. L/u/^«, SaX. «//.-;), Eclg. 
 r.T.hc.;:, Hung. ] to putrefy, or lofe the cohc- j ncfs of lurface. Auflc-ity, cr alliingency of 
 
 fion of its parts by fermentation. Actively 
 to corrupt or make putrid. 
 
 ROr, S. a diliemper among fneep, by 
 which their lungs are waded. A putrid decay. 
 
 ROTATIOM, S. ;Fr. ro'atk; Lat.J the 
 a<fl of wbirling round. The (late of being 
 whirled round. A turn or fuccelTion. 
 
 ROTA'TOR, S. [Lat.] that which gives 
 a ciicuiar nvtion. 
 
 ROTE, S. [rotitke, Fr.] words uttered by 
 mere memory without meaning. Memory 
 of words without undcrltanding their mean- 
 ing. 
 
 To ROTE, V. A. to fix in the memory, 
 without informing the underdanding. 
 
 RO' TGUT, S. bad beer, 
 
 ROTHEa-NAILS, S. [corrupted from 
 ruddfr and ;;2:7s] nails with very full heads, 
 it.'ed in fafier.ing t!ie irons of rudders. 
 
 ROTTEN, Adj. corrupted or putrid, 
 riauratively, wanting firmnefs, folidity, or 
 honefly. 
 
 RO'TTENNES, S. [from icttcii] ftate 
 of being rctt:n; car-oufnefs ; putrefacftion. 
 
 ROTU'N D, S. [iotor.de, Fr.rotundus, Lat.j 
 round or circr-lar. 
 
 ROTU'NDIFOLIOUS, Adj. [rotundus 
 and/Ji/.«i, Lat.j having round leaves. 
 
 RO TU'N'L irY, S. [rctundhc, Fv. rotun- 
 tljjs, Lat.1 ihc quality of being round. 
 
 ROTL'HCO, S, !t!(i:tJo, Ital.] a building 
 ' ' 4 
 
 talle. Harftnefs of found. Seveii'y, or w.i.'^t 
 of civility and elegance of behaviour or treat- 
 ment. Violence of oppeiat^on, applied to m'e- 
 dicine. An unpoliliied or urtfiiiifhed fiate.- 
 Want of elegance in drefs or appearance. 
 Tempenuou.'"ncf=, applied to weather. Coarfe- 
 nefs of features. 
 
 R OUGHT, old pret. of reach. Reached. 
 
 To P.OUGHWORK, V. A. [ror.'^* and 
 ':c;:rk] to work coarfcly over without the Icall 
 nicety. 
 
 ROU'NCEVAL. S. fee Pea. 
 
 ROUND, Adj. [rcrd, Yr. rondo, It^l. lund^ 
 Belg. cylindrical, circular, or fpherical. 
 Smooth, applied to the found of periods. Not 
 broken, applied to numbers. Quick, applied 
 to motion ; plain, without referve j folUwcd 
 by ".viih. 
 
 ROUND, S. a circle. A rundle, or ftep 
 of a ladder. The time in which a thing 
 paflcs through the hands of a company, and 
 comes back to the firfl. A revolution. A 
 difeharge of mufqwctry. A walk performed 
 by an officer in furveying any diftrifl j from 
 icnd, Fr. 
 
 ROUND, Adv. every way; on all fides. 
 In a circle or icvolution, fromc/i road, or a la 
 rond, Fr. in a circular manner. Not in a di- 
 reft line, followed by about. 
 
 ROUND, Prep, on every f:de of. Circit- 
 Lrly about. All over. 
 
 Tr
 
 ROY 
 
 To ROUND, V. A. to furrounJ or encir- 
 cle. To make circular. To raife fi<4ures to 
 a relief. To move aiiout any thing. To make 
 fmooth ; app>lied to periods. Neiiieriy, to 
 grow to a circular form. 
 
 ROU'NDABOUT, Adj. ample or exten- 
 live. In,iirecl, or loofe. A bad word. 
 
 ROU'NDEL, ROU'NDELAY, S. [rc»- 
 (^fjet, Ft.] a kind of poetry conlifling of tliir- 
 teen verfes, eipjit of which areof one kind of 
 rhime, and five of another ; it is divided into 
 three couplets, and has the beginning of the 
 roundel repeated at the end of the fccoiid and 
 third couplets. 
 
 ROU'NDER,S circumference; inclofure. 
 ROUNDHE'^D, S. apuiitan, fo named 
 ft\;m the r cuflom of cropping tlitir hair 
 round. 
 
 ROU'NDHOUSE, S [round and f.wfc'] the 
 con table's prifon, in whicli difordeily per- 
 fojis, found in tlie flrect, are confined. 
 
 ROU'NDISII, Adj. fomewhat roundj ap- 
 proaching (o roundnefs. 
 
 ROU'NDLY, Adv. [from round] in a 
 round form. Openly ; plainly. Bfilkly. 
 Completely ; in earned. 
 
 ROU'NDNESS, S. [from rcurJ] circula- 
 rity; fphericity. Smoothnefs. Honefty ; 
 opennefs. 
 
 TO ROUSE, V. A. [fee Raise or Rise] 
 to wake from reft. To excite to action. To 
 drive a bead from his laire. Neuterly, to a- 
 wakc from ilumber. To be excited to tiiought 
 or aflion. 
 
 ROUSE, S. [ntjcb, Germ.] a dofe of liquor 
 r..;'ier too Ijrge. 
 
 ROU'^sER, S, one who roufes. 
 ROUr, S. [rot, Belg rcttc, Teut.J a cla- 
 morous or tumultuous crowd. Figuratively, a 
 clamour or buflle. Confufion of an army de- 
 feated ; from rcu'c, Fr. a road or way. 
 
 To ROU r, V. N. to alTemble in tMmuI- 
 tuous and clamorous crouds. Actively, to 
 defeat, or difperfe by defeating. 
 
 ROW, S. [n'ih, Teut. rhts, Brit, rah, rut, 
 Perf.] a rank or file 5 a number of things 
 ranged in a line. 
 
 To ROW, V. N. \ro^van, rciv^tn. Sax. rio 
 Gr.] to make a vcilel move on the water by 
 oars. Aftively, to drive by oars. 
 
 ROWEL, S. \rou{!le, fr.] the pointed 
 part of a fpur which turns on an axis. A 
 feton or roll of hair, filk, ^:c. put into a 
 wound to promote a difcharge. 
 
 To ROWEL, V. N, to pierce or wound 
 with a fpur. 
 
 RO'WEN, S. a field kept up till after 
 Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground 
 mayfprout into green. 
 
 RO'WER, S, one that moves a boat by 
 ors. 
 
 RO'YAL, Adj. [rola!, Fr.] kingly; be- 
 ]o.nging to, or becoming, a king. Figura- 
 tively, noble. 
 ROY'ALliT, S [Fr.] an adherent to a red 
 
 R U D 
 
 ToRO'YALIZE, V. A. [from raj ■/] to 
 mak£ loyal. 
 
 RO'YALLY, Adv. [from royal] in a king- 
 ly manner; regally; as becomes a king. 
 
 ROY'ALTY, S. [>o;Wv; i^r. | the charac-. 
 tctj office, flate, or enfigns of a king. ' 
 
 To ROYNEjV. A. Irngr.cr, Fr.J to gnaw j 
 to bite. 
 
 ItO'YNISH, Adj. ^rcgneaux, Fr.] pahry, 
 fcurvy, mean. Obfoiete. 
 
 To RUD, V. A. [rhMo, Brit. rti!>, Perf] 
 to clean orfmooth a^y thing by pailing fome- 
 thing upon it. To touch, fo as to wear off 
 fome of the furfajCe. To move one body upon 
 anotlitr. F.guruiivcly, to hinder bycollilion. 
 To remove by friciion. L'fcd with doiur., to 
 clean or curry. L led with up, to excite or 
 awaken. Neuterly, to fret or wear by friiftion. 
 To poiifii. 
 
 RUB, S. an hindrance or obftru(nion.The 
 act of rubbing. Inequality of ground, which 
 hinders a bowl in its courie. A difficulty, or 
 caufe of uneafincfs. 
 
 RU'BBAGE, or RU'BBISH, S. [from 
 ruh. Rublagc is now obfolctej ruins or farg- 
 ments made in building. A confufed mafs. 
 Any thing vile or worthlefs. 
 
 RU'BBER, S. one that pafles one thing 
 hard over the fu.-face of another. Any thing 
 ufed to rub with. Two games out of three. 
 A whetflone. 
 
 RU'BICAN, Adj. [Fr.] bay, forrel, or 
 black, with a light grey or white on the 
 flanks, applied to the colour of a horfe. 
 
 RU'BBLE- STONE, S. a fione fo called 
 from its being rubbed or woin by the water. 
 
 RU'BICUND, AJj. [ruiucurJui, Lat.J in- 
 clining to lednefs. 
 
 RUBIED, Adj. [from ruby] of the colour 
 of a ruby. 
 
 RUBITIC, Adj. [ruber zn& fado, Lat.] 
 making red. 
 
 To RUBI'FY, V. A. to make red. 
 
 RU BIOUS, Adj. [rubeus, Lat.J ruddy ; 
 red. Not ufed. 
 
 RU'BRICATED, Adj. [from rubrica, 
 Lat.] fmeared with red. 
 
 RU'BRIC, S. [ruhrique, Fr. rulrica, Lat.] 
 dlre£lions in the common prayer and law- 
 books, fo termed, becaufe originally printed 
 and written with red ink. 
 
 RU'BRIC, Adj. red. 
 
 RU'BIFORM, S. [ruber zvi^ forma, Lat.] 
 having tlie form of red. 
 
 RUBI'GINOUS, Adj. [ruhiginofus, Lat.] 
 rufly ; foul. 
 
 RUBY, S. [ruber, Lat.] a precious flone 
 of a red cuL'ur, next in h?rdnefs to the dia- 
 mond. Rednsfs. Any thing red. A red 
 pimple. 
 
 RU'BY, Adj. of a red colour. 
 
 RUCTA'TION, S. [>u^e, Lat.] a belch- 
 ing arifing from wind and indigeflion. 
 
 To RUD, V. A. [rudu, bax.J to make 
 
 Ff f 3 
 
 HU'PDER
 
 R U F 
 
 RU'DDER, S. (rood, Emg. roedfr, V,e\g. 
 readier, Ifl. | an iiiftruroent st the liern of a 
 velTel by which its courie is governed. Figu- 
 ratively, any thing that giiidfs or governs. 
 
 RU'DDiNESS, b. the4uali;y of approach- 
 ing to rednefs. 
 
 RU'DDLE, S. red earth. 
 RU'DDOCK, S. [>:dhu.a, Lat.] a l.ind 
 of bird. 
 
 RL'DDY, S. [n.Jch; Sax.] pale red, ap- 
 proaching to red. Orange C(.<loiired. 
 
 RUDE, A.ij. [r^'Je, Sax. r^w, Lat.] rough 
 or of uncivil, tuiniiltuous behaviour. Boiilc- 
 rous. Kar!l. Untau;\lu. Unpoliihed. Kuo- 
 gcd or fiiapelefs. Ai tkfs. Performed merely 
 \\) h firength. 
 
 RU'DELY, Adv. ia a coirfe, rough, or 
 Ui.fkilful manner. 
 
 RU'DKNESS, S.want of civility, elegance, 
 or inihu€fion. Violence. Stoiminefs, or 
 rigour. 
 
 RU'DENTURE, S- fFr.] in architefture, 
 the figure of a rope or Cc-xW, wiicrewith the 
 fiutinj.'S of columns are ulua'Iy filled up. 
 
 RU'DERARY, Adj. [rudira, Lat. J be- 
 longing to rii!;i)ilh. 
 
 RUDERA'TiOM, S. in architecture, the 
 laying of a pavement with pebbles, or little: 
 flones. 
 
 RU'DiMENT, S. [Fr.rudhr.crtum, Lat. j 
 the fi lit principles of a fcience, or educ.ition. 
 The firit, inaccurate and unpoliihed draught 
 or iicginioir.g of anything. 
 
 RUDIME'NTAL, Adj. relating to %fl 
 f riacipies ; initial. ' 
 
 To RUE, V. A. (reotvjiin. Sax. rouivcn, 
 Pelg. ;T:tY;;, Tcut.J to grieve, regret, or L- 
 inciit. 
 
 RUE, S. [Fr. r/'fW)',Biit. r.v.'.7, Lat.] zn 
 lierb. 
 
 RU'EI-UL, Adj. f.!d or mornfi',1, 
 
 RUE'EULLY, Adv. mornfully ; Ibrrow 
 fully. 
 
 RuF.-TULNESS,S.forro\vfulncfs j mourn- 
 ful;! cjs. 
 
 RUE'LLE, S. [Fr.] a circle j .nn aHenibly 
 at a priv.ite lioufe. 
 
 RUfF, S. [fee Ruffle] a linen orna- 
 mc;;t gathered and formerly worn round the 
 neck. A fiTiall river fi'.Ji, lo called from the 
 fyriliuh of irs f>;.:ks. •. 
 
 RU'FFLIN, i,. \rvffia>^'i, \vA. rv§e>i, 
 r.-. J a perfon who murders f ; r hire. A 
 rvmdi'.er, roifoer, or boilterous and mif- 
 cli't^'ous fellow. 
 
 RL'fFIAN, Adj. brutal j fivagely boL^e- 
 rc'.ii. . , 
 
 ToxlU'EFL^X, V. N. to rage or raife 
 tunn it<. 
 
 •'To txu'FFLE, V. A. [rutjfJM, Eelg.]. to 
 foatVit c into wr rikks, .or make rough. To 
 d'iic^rin.oofe, ppplicd to the temper. To fur- 
 prijc. To th.osv togrtiier in diforder. Tu 
 fonti.icf ill piaiis Keuterly, to grow rougli or 
 lii;!:t';iOiis. To flutter. 
 
 RUM 
 
 RU'FFLE, S. plaited or gathered linen 
 worn as an ornament on the wridband. Plait- 
 ed filk or other (luff worn as r.a ornament at 
 the bottom of the Ikeveof a woman's gown. 
 A difluibance or commotion, applied to the 
 mind. 
 
 RU'FTERHOOD, S. in falconry, a hood 
 to be worn by a havik when Ihe is firlt 
 drawn. 
 
 RUG, S. \_rufjet, Swedlfli] a coarfe nappy 
 woollen cloth. A coarfe nappv coverlet ufed 
 for mean beds. A rough woolly dog. 
 
 RU'GGED, S. [j-u^gct, Swed.] full of 
 ur.evennefs or inequalities on the furface. 
 Without order. Savage or brutal, applied to 
 temper. Stormv or boiflerous, applied to 
 weather. Rough or harlli, applied to found. 
 Surly, applied to the afpecf. Rough or 
 lliaggy. 
 
 RU'GGEDNESS, S. the quality of being 
 rough. ' 
 
 RU'GIN, S. a nappy cloth. 
 RU'GIN'E, S. [Fr. J a furgeon's rafp. 
 RUGO'SE, Adj. [Lat.] full of wrinkles, 
 RUI.V, S. \_rnine, Fr. ru'ina, Lat.] the fall 
 or dcftrufltion of cities or houlcs. 'i he re- 
 mains of a building that is demolifbed. Lofs 
 of hnppinefs or ibrtune. Mifchicf or bane. 
 To'RU'IN, V. A. {ruhier, Fr.J to demo- 
 lifh or deftroy. To deprive of happinefs or 
 fortune. To impoTerilh. Ncuterly, to fall 
 down ; to run to a frate of decay and defhuc- 
 tion. To be impoverifned. 
 
 To RU'INAT.K, V. A. to defVroy, de- 
 molifti. or involve in poverty and mifery. 
 
 RUIN'A'TION, S. fitbvtrhon, or dertruc 
 iion. " Ruiradon of towns." Cam6. 
 
 RU'lXOUS, Adj. [ruincHX, Fr. ruirtofus. 
 Lit.] fallen into irreparable decay ; pernicious 
 or dertrijflive. 
 
 RU'INOUSLY, Adv. in a rninous man- 
 ner ; mifchievoiiflv ; deltrutflively. 
 
 R.ULE, S [reak, Scot, from legula, Lat.] 
 government or Aipreme command. An inftru- 
 mcHt by w+iich lines arc drawn. A cannon or 
 precept by which the ihonghts or actions are 
 dire(fted. Propriety or regularity of beha- 
 v'oiir. 
 
 To RULE, V. A., to govern or contiviu! 
 with power and -authority. To manage. To 
 fettle by rale. Neuierly, to excrcifs power or 
 autl ority in governing. 
 
 RL'LER, S. a governor, or one who hss 
 authority to command or forbid. An inftru-. 
 mcnt wi'iii in drawing lines. 
 
 RUM, S. a kind of fpirits diftillcd from 
 fu?ar. 
 
 ioRU'MnLE, V.N, [nmmdcr, Belg.] 
 to makeahoarfe, low, ar,d continued nci(e. 
 
 RU'MBLER, S. the peribn or thing that 
 rumbles. 
 
 RU'MIUAXT, .Adj. [Fr. rurr.bwjn, Lat.] 
 ha ' ng the property of c'lewlng the cud. 
 
 To RU'MiN .-iTE, V. NJ. [rumi/uius, Lat.] 
 to chew the ci-d. To nuuc or think on for a 
 
 time.
 
 RUN 
 
 time. A(fli','c!y, to chew oyer again. To 
 aieditate on, over and over again. 
 
 RUMIN a'TION, S. [ruminaiio, Lat.] the 
 property or aCt of chewing the cud. Figura- 
 tively, meditation nn the fame thinsf. 
 
 To RU'MMAGE, V. A, to, fearch or 
 plundcn Neuierly, to fearth places. 
 
 RU'iVIMER, S, [roemer, Relg.] a drinking 
 glafs having a foot and an orbicular cavity. 
 
 RU'MOUR, S. I'u^iur, Fr. ruimr, Lat.] 
 a flying report. Not well eftablilhed. A 
 bruit. 
 
 To RUMOUR, V. A. to fpread a report. 
 
 RU MOURER, a reporter j fpreader of 
 news. 
 
 RUMP, S. [nanpjf, Tent.] the end of 
 the back bone. The buttocks. 
 
 To RU'MPLE, V. A. [n,m/>elc?7, Belg.] 
 to wrinkle or difordcr. 
 
 RU'MPLI':, S. f/iryra/.f/Zf, Sax.] a pucker, 
 or plait made Ly negligence and cureleOiiefs. 
 
 To RUN, V. N. {jiiinan, Goth, runnuttg, 
 Sax. renncn, Bc!g. ] to move the legs as fwift as 
 po(rjl)le. Followed by ab(,ut, to ule the leys in 
 moving; to move in a hurry. To pafs with 
 a quicic motion. To take a courfe ; applied 
 10 fhips. To contend in a r.Tce, To run a'zv.iy, 
 to make an efcape or leave unexpeiftediy. 'l"o 
 Itrean) or flow ; applied to liquors. To Ije li- 
 quid or melt. To pafs; to go away or vanifh. 
 To move in any (jirertion. To be bufied up- 
 on ; applied to the mind, and ufed with on, or 
 i/fion, Ufed with over to be exuberant. To 
 difcharge matter; applied to wounds. To 
 have a general tendency. Ufe with after, to 
 fearch, to go <"-ut of the way for. Followed by 
 in li'hb, to dole or comply, or agree. To run 
 tver, to be fo much as to fio>v o'vcr ; to be fo 
 full as to beoveiflovvn. A<n:iveiy, to melt or 
 cad; applied to metals. Applied to fortune; 
 to hazard, rilk, or venture. To run doiun, to 
 chafe till weary; figuratively, to cniHi or 
 overbear. To run through, to flab or pierce 
 with a weapon, fo that the point appear on 
 the contrary fide ; to pafs through. 
 
 RUN, S. the ad of running. Courfe, mo- 
 tion, or direfton. Flow or cadence, applied 
 to verfe. Uncontrolled courfe or humour. 
 Long reception ; continued fuccefs. At the 
 h»z >'""■> ligniSes the end, or at lad. 
 
 RU'NAGATE, S. [corrupted from j-raf- 
 fat, Fr.J an apoftate, or one who dcferts 
 from his country or religion. 
 
 RU'NAWAY, S. one who timoronfly flies 
 from danger. 
 
 RU'NDLE, S. a round or (lep of a lad- 
 der. Something put round an axis. 
 
 RU'NDLET, S. [perhaps from rur.ht, 
 or rcundht^ a fmall barrel. 
 
 RU'NNEL, S. [from run] a rivulet} a 
 fmall brook. 
 
 RUNNER, S. one that runs. A racer. 
 A meiTenger. One employed by a banker or 
 ewfniongcr to colleifl money or news abroad. 
 A lliooting fpi ig. One of the ftoues of a mill. 
 
 R U S 
 
 RU'MNET, S. \gmmr.cn. Sax,] a liqnrr 
 made by Ifceping the ilomach of a calf in hot 
 water, and ufed in curdling milk. Some- 
 times, but improperly, fpelt rennet, 
 
 RU'NNION, S. a paltry fcuvvy wretch. 
 
 RUPEE', S. an Indian coin, value 2.s. id. 
 
 RU'PTION, S. [rupiio, Lat.j a breach. 
 
 RU'PIURE, S. [Fr. from;-,7;,';'i, Lat.] 
 the a€t of breaking; the ftate o'i a thing 
 burfting. A breach of pence, or a<fl of ho(! - 
 lity. A preleinatuj'al eruption of t!;e gur. 
 
 To RUPTURE, V. A. [from the noun] 
 to break i to buril ; to fufler difruption. 
 
 RU'RAL, Ad}. fFr. ruralis, Lat. from 
 rus,rurk\ countiy ; belonging to, eAilHn<^in, 
 or retembiing the country- 
 
 RURA'Lll Y, RU'R ALNESS, S. [f.otn 
 rural] the quality of being rural. 
 
 RU'RJCOLIST, S. [rurie-Ja, Lat.] an in- 
 habitant of the coijntry. 
 
 RU'RIGENOU.S, Adj. [rura and gigro, 
 Lat.] born in the coivntry. 
 
 RUSE, S. [Fr.] cunning} artifice} little 
 Rratai'titi. 
 
 P-USH, S. [;•//>, Sax.] a plant _§rowii]g ill 
 marfhy grounds. Any thing proverbijlly 
 worth !irfs. 
 
 To RUSH, V. A. \hrtifan. Sax.] to move 
 violently and unexpcftedjy. 
 
 RUSH, S. a violent courfe or motion. 
 
 RU'SHUGHT, S. a candle made of a ri;/h 
 (tripped ot its bark for a wick, and dipped in 
 tallow. 
 
 RU'SHY, Adj. abounding wirh rnlhes ; 
 made of rufhes. 
 
 RUSK, S, [r]fc. Sax.] hard or rough bread 
 made for (lore. 
 
 RU'SMA, S. a brown and light iron fub- 
 Itance to take off hair. 
 
 RU'SSEP, Adj. irouffet, Fr. n^Ps, Lit.] 
 of a redtiifli brown ; u)ed by Sir liaac New- 
 ton for grey, Coarfe, ruflic, or homefpun, 
 
 RU'SSET, S. coarfe, or country drcfs. 
 
 RU'SSET, orRUSSETING, S. a name 
 given to feveral fpecies of pears or apples, on 
 account of their colour. 
 
 RUSSIA, the empire of, is a large coun- 
 try, partly in Afia, and partly in Europe, 
 bounded on the N. bythcFroztn ?ea ; on the 
 S. by Gre;: Tartary, the Cafpian Sea, and 
 Perfia; on the E. by the fea of Japan, and on 
 the W. by I'oland and Sweden, This em- 
 pire taken altogether, tliat is, with the con- 
 qucfis lately made in Ada, may be likened to 
 a fqu.ire, whofe fides are 2000 miles cjili. 
 The feas of Ruflia arc, the Caltick, theWhite 
 Sea, the Frozen Ocean, the Dlack Sea near 
 the frontiers of Tiirky, and the Cafpian Sea. 
 There are alfo five large rivers, namely, the 
 Nieper or J3orirthenes, which runs between 
 Lithuania and Poland, the \Volga, which 
 runs throu/;h the middle of the country, and. 
 falls into the Cafp. ii Sea ; the Lon, which 
 atier feveral turnings ruiH into Little Tar- 
 tm, and fills into the fta of Afcph, the 
 ' F ff 4
 
 R U S 
 
 RUT 
 
 Dune, which running narth\%'ard falls into anj all lils rubjc<fis are reckoned flavesj h']^ 
 the Wliite Sea, and the Oby, which running •■•''-'- -....- . .- 
 
 N. falls into the Fmz-n Ocean. It may eafily 
 be conceived, that a country of fuch valt ex- 
 tent muft lie in different climates, and that 
 the foil nnift be very different. The mofh 
 fertile part is near the frontiers of Poland ; 
 infomuch that the inhabitants are able to 
 fupply their neighbours with corn ; the N. 
 part is not only more cold, hut very niarfliy, 
 aud over run with forerts, inhabited chiefly 
 by wild- be.i lis. Eefides domeftic animals, 
 th.ere are wild beeves, rein-djer, martens, 
 white and black foxes, weafels, ermins, and 
 fables, whofe (kins make the befl: furs in the 
 world ; as alio hyaenas, called by the Ruffians 
 Rofamacha, which fignifies gluttons, for they 
 are voracious anim ils ; thofe that hunt theie 
 creatures for their ikins, ufe no firs-arms, tor 
 fear of fpoiling them. The fea?, the lakes, 
 and the rivers, fupply the inhabitatits with 
 
 tills i.> felt molt by tradefinen and praf^nf;. 
 There are 32 great councils, called in their 
 language Priccfdes, and each have their pro- 
 per department. The ordinary revenue of 
 this va(l empire is 20,000 coo of rubles, 
 which is partly drawn from contributions, 
 partly from duties on merch.',ndizes, and 
 partly from farms. The orders of kniglnhood 
 are, that of St. Andrew, St. Catharine, and 
 St. Alexander Newfki, which are all of late 
 inftirutiora. The punifhment of their crimi- 
 nals is very barbarous, nor have Uicy always 
 the privile;:e of a f;ir trial, for they extort 
 confeflions by racks and tortures. The lowed 
 punifhment is the knout, in purfuance of 
 which the criminal is whipt with inltruments 
 that tear his flelh, or beaten with cudgels till 
 he is not able to (land. 
 
 RUST, S. [Sax. laej!, Belg. roji, Dan, 
 and Teut.] the red fcales of iron owing to 
 
 large quantities of fi;h, of which they dry | moiflure. The calx or flower of any metal, 
 put, and fdil to the Ruffian monks. 1 here] Lofs of power by inactivity. Matter bred by 
 are a vail nimiber of (lurgeons, and in {>iTve corruption. 
 
 places they have melons which weigh 30 
 pounds weight ; they had very few vines, 
 before Peter the Gre4t caufed them to be 
 planted in different plices. In Ruflia there 
 arc alfo large quantities of otton and filk, 
 vith which they make all forts of (lull's ; the 
 other merchandizes are, (kins, furs, Rulfta- 
 leather, talc, tallow, hemp, Rufila-cloth, 
 honey, wax, and almod all the merchandizes 
 of Chin-., India, Perfia, Turky, and fome 
 European coum.ries. It is divided into Wef- 
 tcrn Riiffia, Eaflern RulTia, iVIufcovite Lap- 
 land, and IVaifcovite Tavtary ; which ate 
 again fubdivided i.Ttofjveral provinces, which 
 are taken notice of in their proper places. 
 The inhabitants in general are robult, well 
 fhapcd, and of pretty good comp'ey.ions : they 
 ere great eaters, and are very fond of brandy; 
 they ufe bathing, but fmokc no tobacco, left 
 the fmake Iho'uld dlfhouour the images of the 
 faints, which tliey have in great ve'nerjtion; 
 however, they ta^ke a grCit deal of fnuH' made 
 of the tobacco brought from the Ukraine. 
 They v.ere formerly the mod ignorant, 
 brutiih people in the world, andmany of them 
 are now litt' - better. Formerly the RudiiU 
 women were Ih.ut up, and their diefs was very 
 lidicuieus : likewifc a man never faw his wife 
 before the day of marriage : the women 
 thouTlit they were never beloved, unlefs their 
 iiufbands beat them very often j but now the 
 
 To RUST, V. N. to have its furface cor- 
 roded or tarnillied. To degenerate or grow 
 inafiive by idlenefs. Actively, to make 
 rully. 
 
 RUSTIC, Adj. [rujikus, Lat.] rural ; 
 country. Rudeor unpolite. Savage. Art- 
 Lfs. Simple; plain or unadorned. 
 
 RU'STIC, S. a clown, or unpolidied coun- 
 tryman. In architeAure, a kind of building 
 in imitation of nature, particularly, when the 
 llones in the face of a building are hatched 
 or picked with the point of a hammer. 
 
 RU'STICAL, Adj. {nflque, Fr. mfiku:, 
 Lat.] rough ; brutal ; favag- ; unpolite. 
 
 ToRU'SnCATE, V. N. [ruftkcr, Lat."| 
 to refide in the country. A<flive!y, to baniili 
 into the couTtry. 
 
 RUS r rciTY, S, [nifiklu, Fr. rujlkliat, 
 Lat.] the qualities of one \^ ho lives in the 
 country. Broadnefsof pronuncijtion ; rude- 
 ncfs of manners. Rural appearance. 
 
 RU'STINKSS, S. the quality or ftate of 
 being rudv. 
 
 ToRU'STLt. V.N. \knf.Ln, Sax.] to 
 make a noife like that of filk, when brufhing 
 agunrt any thing; like that of trees when 
 blown by the wind, or that of a hedge when 
 pieic.'d by a beafl. 
 
 RUSTY, Adj. covered with ruft. Im- 
 paired by imflivity. 
 
 To RUT, V. N. [r;//V, Fr mtur, 1(1.] to 
 
 cafe is greatly altered, for they drefs like the I jiave a dcfire of coming together, applied to 
 Germ-.n womtn, and imitate their manner.', deer, 
 
 Their religion 5s that of the Greeks, and 
 ihey de^-^ended formerly on the Greek patri- 
 arch, who refided at Condantinople. The 
 church is governed by a patriarch, and under 
 him there are four metropolians, and eight 
 archbithops. Fvcry priell is called a Pope^ 
 rnd of thefe there are 4000 in Mofcow only, 
 'd he czar is an ablblu'e and defpotic prince. 
 
 RUT, S. [fee the verb] the copula- 
 tion of d cr. A hole worn by a vvheel, from 
 route, Fr. 
 
 RUTLANDSHIRF, the leaft of all the 
 counties in Englind. It is al.moft of a circu- 
 lar form, and feems to have been a part of 
 Northamptonfliire before the conqueil, and 
 not named as a diftinfl county till long after
 
 SAB 
 
 flie Norman invafion. It hasLoncoliiruiieaml 
 Norihaniptonftiire on the E. and S. Leicertev- 
 lliire on the S. and W. LeicerterQiireand Lin- 
 colnfhireon tlis N. Jt is about forty miles in 
 .circumference, containing only two nurkct- 
 towns, Okeham and Uppingham, and forty- 
 eight parifhes, hvx more paiks than any (liire 
 in England for its magnitude. The air here 
 is fWeet and falubrious, b'^ing quite clear from 
 fogs and mi(h : there is in this whole county 
 hut one (tream that deferves the name of a 
 
 SAG 
 
 ture. In tlie beginning of wori^s it has one 
 invariable found, but in the middle is fome- 
 timcs pronounced like a x, and i? likewife 
 pronounced fo \viien it is ufed infrtad o^'cf.b, 
 at the end of a verb. As no noun rmguiar 
 ends wiiii a fmgle .t, whenever a word ends 
 u'ith a fliort vowcl before s, the s is doubled, 
 as in (7/5, formerly written ^JJe ; and even in 
 thofe woids which are written with diph- 
 thongs, and are naturally long, an 3 final 
 is added for this reafon, as in ?;coi'e, Ici'Je. 
 The form of this letter is tiie fan e in the 
 
 liver, commonly called the Gualli or Wafli, 
 
 which interfedts the llrire from E. to VV. quite I Goth. Sax. and Roman alpnaljets, and by 
 thro' the middle of it, though feveral brooks I infpefling the Runic may c fiK be traced 
 lun into it from molt: parts of the county, by I from the Greek 2< or the \^i inverted thus 
 
 which means the inhabitapts arc fupplicd will 
 wntcr as wholcfome ap the air, and uith plenty 
 of fiefh fill) ; all the S and K. parts in parti- 
 cular having good fupplies from tlie river 
 "Wclldnd, which fcparatcs it from Northamp- 
 tonlhire and Leicellerfhire. The foil is very 
 fruitful in corn and palture, the latter feeding 
 great numbers of cattle, cfpccially iheep, the 
 wool from which is redder than in other 
 countries, on account of the rednefs peculiar 
 to the foil. '1 he valeof Catmos,where()keh-.'.m 
 Hands, is not inferior to the vales of White- 
 hovfe and Beivoirin point of fertility. It like- 
 wife produces abundance of wood for firing. 
 This county is included within the diocefe of 
 Peterborough, and fubjeift to the arclidcaconry 
 of Northampton. It gives title of duke to 
 the Manners's family. Rutland ffnds^ two 
 knights of the fliire to parliament ; and in it 
 are feveral fine feats, particularly that of th 
 
 g As an abbreviature, it is fomctimcs 
 uled for fori-,!!!, a fellow, or focietas, a focietv, 
 as F. R. S. a f..-llow of the royal focie y'; 
 and ill medicinal prefcriptions for Jccun- 
 rhm, as S. A.fecundum anum, i. e. according 
 to art. 
 
 SABA'OTH, S. [ffeb. an hoftor armies] a 
 namegiven to God in the holy fcnpmes, im- 
 plying hisomnipotcnce, or fole difpof:-! o' the 
 events of war, and abfolute government of 
 the angelic ordcis. 
 
 SAkbA'TH, S. [from T-U'D, Heb. reft] 
 thefcveiith day of the v eek A day appointed 
 for religious duties, and a tot.d celiation from 
 work, commemoration of God's rcOing on 
 the feventh day; but it is kept by Chriftians 
 on the firlf day of the week in conimemorj- 
 tioa of Chrilt riling from the dead on that 
 d.ry. 
 
 SABBA'TICAL, Adj. ^ fabbavcus,l.-^t:] 
 
 earl of Gain/borough at Exton, and the earl refembling the fabbath ; eiiioying or brin"- 
 
 of Winchelfea's at Burley on the Hill, hot 
 rear Okeham. The latter has noble (lablcs, 
 and a walled park five or fix miles in circuit, 
 ■^'ith woods, rich pafhire, game, &c. the 
 houfe itfclf having been rebuilt, and elegantly 
 furnilhed with curious paintings, a library, 
 &c. 
 
 RUTH, S. [from rue] mercy; pity; ten- 
 dcrnefs ; forrow for the mifery o*- another. 
 
 RU'THFUL, Adj. [/-«/A andy^/V, rueful ; 
 V'ojful ; forrowful. 
 
 RU'THFULLY. Adv. [from n:f/MuI\ woe- 
 fully ; fadly. Sorrowfully 
 
 RUTHLESS, Adj. cruel; pitilefs j bar- 
 barous. 
 
 RU'TTIER, S. [/«/;>«, Fr j a direftion 
 of the road or courfe at fea. 
 
 RU'TTJSH, Adj. wanton or lecherous. 
 
 RYE, S. [y;ge. Sax. J a coarfe kind of 
 bread corn. A difeafe in • hawks, 
 
 ' RY'EGRAoS, S. a flrong and coarfs kind 
 cf grafs. 
 
 s. 
 
 SA confonant, and the eighteenth letter 
 of die alphabet. It occurs fo often in 
 ^ our language, that foreigners have re- 
 jtiarked it as a very great defed in its fl;ruc- 
 
 ing int^rmillion of labour. 
 
 SA'HBATISM, S. [t\om fabLatu>f!,.'L2it.] 
 obfervance of the fabbath fuperfiitioufly 
 rigid. 
 
 SA'KLF., S. [zMcUa, Lat.] fur. It is the 
 fltin of a bead of rhi.s name, and is much 
 edeemed for its b'.acknefs. 
 
 SA'BLE, -dj. [Fr.j black. Ufed mofily 
 by b.eralds ^nd poets. 
 
 Sa'BLiERE, S [Fr.] is a piece of timber 
 as long, but not as thick, as a beam. 
 
 SA'BRE, S. [Yr.jebel, TcMt.fale!, Dan.] 
 a fcymetar, or fword with a convex edge, 
 
 SA'BULOSITY, S. fdndinefs;. grittincfs. 
 
 SABULOUS, Adj. [fabuluM, Lat.j Tandy 
 or gritty. 
 
 _S-iCCA'DE, S. [Fr.] a violent check 
 given to a hfjrfe, by tightening the reins very 
 fuddenly. 
 
 SACCH.A'RTVE. Adj. [prcbarum, Lat.] 
 poficliing the tafle or any other qualities of 
 fug.r. 
 
 SACERDO'TAL, Adj. [faccrdotalif, Lat.] 
 belonging to prieilhood. 
 
 SA'CHEiM, S. a name gh'en to a chief, or, 
 prince, among the Weft-Indians. 
 
 SA'CHEL, S. [a diminutive oi' juch, Brit.] 
 a fmall leather bag, ufed by children to carry 
 their books in. 
 I SACK,
 
 SAC 
 
 SACK, S. [face, Sax. fac!>, Bnt.fui,Tr. 
 (aciti,, IvA.fakkoi, Gr, p^;,Heb.]alaigel)ag. 
 The nicai'u;e of three Lullitis ; a loofe robe 
 >Korn by a woman. A kind of facet wine^ 
 fioun fee, Fr. T he act of (ioim'ng, pluni'ei - 
 ing, or pilbge of a town. I'ill.ige or plunder, 
 from f.ieai, Sp^n. 
 
 To' SACK, V. A. to put up in bags. To 
 plunder, pil!?gc, lay wafic, or deilroy. 
 
 SA'CK'rU T, S. \fachal>ucie, Span.Ja mu- 
 fical inllrument of the wind kind, rejcm- 
 bling a ti umpet in its ufe, but differing from 
 it in form or lize. It is compofed of hnu 
 pieces, a;id has frequently a wreath in il.e 
 middle, and is (o contrived as to be ftortcncd 
 or length cD^.d at will, and without reckoning 
 tjie circles or being dr;:«n cut, is ufuall) 
 eight feet lorjg. 
 
 SA'CKCLOTH, S. co.-.rfc cloth of which 
 f icks are m:.de ; ufed formciiy to be worn in 
 limes ot puijlic iUiiiiig and lamentation.' 
 
 SA'CKER, S. one. rtiat takes or pillages 
 a town. 
 
 SA'i. KrOSSr.T, S. a poHet made of milk, 
 fack, and Ibmc oilier ingrcJicnls. 
 
 SA'CR.'iMENT, S. {jacramentjYt.Jacra 
 vnKti^r.:, Lat.J an oath or any other ceremony 
 producing a (irong and lading obligation 
 An outivard and vifiblc fign of an inward and 
 tpiritiial grace, given unto us, o:daiiied by 
 Chrifi hinifilf, and rtccived as a pledge to 
 allure us of the reception of fuch grace. 
 The eucharifl; or holy communion. 
 
 SACRAMENT.4L, Adj. [Fr.j belonging 
 to the facri-nient. 
 
 SA'CR£D, Adj. [{acre, Tt. facer, Lat.] fet 
 apart for holy ufcs. CtMiIccratcd j holy. Jn- 
 \iolable. 
 
 SA'CREDNESS, S. holir.efs. 
 
 SA'CRliDLY, A^iv. inviolably J religioufir 
 
 SACRl'FIC, x'':dj. [faeraf.ciis, Lat.J tni- 
 ployed in facrifice. 
 
 tjACRIFICA'TOR, S. [facrlficateur, Er, 
 from fsicr.ficir, Lat.J facrificcr j otTcrer of 
 f.(Crifice. 
 
 To SA'CRIFICE, V. A. \facr\jico, Lat.J 
 to offer any thing to heaven. To deftroy 
 cr give up for il.e f.ike of fomcthing elfe. 
 To kill. To devote vi:h lol's. Neutcrly, to 
 nsake offerings to Gcu. 
 
 SA'CRIFICE, S. [ Yx.fac^-\Jic\um, Lat.j the! 
 ifl of offciing to hc2vcn. Any thing ofKicdj 
 to hccncn. Any thing dcUro\cd cr i^uiited 
 for the r.kc of ibmcthing elfe. Any ihiug- 
 ^ftro^ed. 
 
 SA'CRIFICER, S..one that {Iicrifices. 
 
 SACRIFI'CIAL, Adj. penormlng facri- 
 fice ; belonging to facjifices. 
 
 SACRILEGE, S. ( /jm/fj-;j/w, Lat.] the 
 crime i)f taking any tiling dedicated to di- 
 Tinc worfhip. The crime of profaning any 
 thi.15 facred. 
 
 SACRILE'GIOUS, Adj. [/afW/m.j, Lat.J 
 polhited wiih t!ie crime of facrilege. 
 
 .';AGRiLE'G]OL'iLY, Adv. profanely. 
 
 SAG 
 
 .SA'CRIST, or SA'CRISTAN, S. \ fa- 
 crlf.ain, Fr. j one that has the charge or care 
 of the utcn.^ls cr moveables of a church. 
 
 SA'CRISTY, S. [faerifiic, Fr. J an apart- 
 ment where the coniccrateJ veflels or move- 
 ables of a cliurch aie kept. 
 
 SAD, Adj. [hom fad, Riif.] full of for- 
 row. Mebncholy. Grave. AfBi<flive. J^ark, 
 applied to colour, from fchutu, 'i eut. a flia- 
 dov/. Fleavy, or weighty. " More /j.*/ thaw 
 " a lump of lead." lairy ^ecn. The LlJ: 
 fenfc is obfolctc. 
 
 To SADDEN, V A. tomakeforrowful, 
 melancholy, or gk-omy. To darken. To 
 make cohcfive. 
 
 S.V'UDLE, S. [fedl, Sa^.faJe], Belg. Dan. 
 and Boh. J the feat uhich is put on a horfc's 
 back for a perfon to fit on. 
 
 To SA'DDi-E. V. A. to cover whh, or 
 put on a faddle. Figuratively, to bad or 
 burthen. 
 
 SA'DDLr-BACK, Adj. hunch-backed; 
 applied to men. Having the back low and 
 the head a'.id neck r.iifed ; applied to a horfc. 
 
 SA'DDLER, S. one that makes faddles. 
 
 SA'DLY, Adv. miferably; mournfully. 
 
 SA'DNESS, S. the (Lie of a pcffon ni af- 
 fliiflion. Mclsncholy looks. Seriouliiefs, or 
 the appearance of gruvity. 
 
 SrtFE, Adj. [/;•.'/, I'r. fal-vuif hkt.] free 
 from danger or huii. Secme. 
 
 S.4FE, S. a place to put victuals in free 
 from any danger of mice, Is'e. 
 
 SATE-COinDUCT, S. a guard through 
 an entmv's country. A pafs. 
 
 SA'FEGUARD, S. defence cr fecurity 
 from d.;ngcr. A cjnvoy. A pafs or warrant 
 to pafs. 
 
 SA'FELY, Adv. with f.fety. 
 
 SA'FE.NESS, S. the qi^ality of being free 
 from danger. 
 
 SA FE FY, S. frredom from danger or 
 hurt. Cuflody, or the Itate of being fecared 
 from efcapin^. 
 
 SA'FFRO.NT, S. If.frai:, Fr. zaffrana, 
 Ital.J a fiower or plant which is ufcd in tinc- 
 turing an\ I king yellow, ciff. 
 
 S.VFFRO.V, Adj. yellow, or of the colour 
 of faffron. 
 
 To SAG, V. N. to hang heavy. Aftive'y, 
 to load. 
 
 SAGA'CIOUS, .Acj. \fagax, Lat.J quick 
 of fcent, or thought. 
 
 SAGA'CIOUi.LY, Adj. with quick fcent. 
 With acutencfs of penetration. 
 
 SAG.VCIOU S:\ESS, S. the qu^ity of be- 
 ing fagncious. 
 
 SAG'A iVIOR E, S. a king or fupreme ruler 
 anion<j the Indians. 
 
 S AG. -^ 'CITY, S. [fagdeite, Vr. fagachasy 
 Lat.J qiiicknefs of fcent. Acutenefs of dtf- 
 covery. The faculty by which we find our 
 intcrnie.'iate ideas to difcover the connexion 
 between e-ch link of the chpin, whereby the 
 extremes are held together. 
 
 I SAGE,
 
 SAL 
 
 SAGE, S. \fauge, Fr.] a plant. 
 SAGE, Adj. [Yr.fagglo, Ital.] wife, grave 
 )»r prucient. 
 
 SAGE, S. a perfon of gravity and wifdom. 
 SA'GELY, Adv. gravely ; prudently. 
 SA'GENESS, S. wifdom; gravity, 
 SAGITTAL, Adj. [faghta, Lat.] be- 
 longing to an arrow. In anatomy, applied to 
 a future of tJie head, reftmbiing an arrow. 
 
 SAGl'TTARY, S. [Jaglrtanm, Lat.] a 
 centaur. The name of one of the figns of 
 the Zodiick. 
 SA'GO, S. a kind of eatable grain. 
 SA'IC, S. [ faica, IfA. faijue, Fr.] a Tur- 
 kifh veflel ufed in carrying merchandize. 
 SAID, pret. and part. pad", of Say. 
 SAIL, S. [fa'/g,S:iX.fcyM,fey!,Ec\g.'] a 
 piece of canvas which catches the wind, and 
 by that means moves a vcfJcl on the water. 
 In poetry, a wing. A fhip or vedel. Tojlrixe 
 Jliil, is to lower the fail. 
 
 To SAIL, V. N. to move by means of 
 fails. To pafs by water. To fwim. To paA 
 along fmoothly. A<ftivcly, to pafs by means 
 of fails. To pafs through. 
 
 SA'ILER, or SA'lLpR, S. [filler, is moft 
 agreeable to analogy, hut Jailor is inoft com- 
 monly ufed] a feaman. 
 
 SAI'L-YARD, S. the pole on which the 
 fail is extended 
 
 SAL 
 
 SALE, S. [fial, Belg.] the aft of felling. 
 Mar.ket, or vent. Price. A public and pro- 
 claimed expofition of goods by auction ot at a 
 market. 
 SA'LEABI-F, Adj. podlble to be foU. 
 SA'LEABLENESS, S. fitnefsfor fale. ' 
 SA'LEBRITY, S. [fikbritas, Lat.j un- 
 evennefs ; roug'mefs. 
 
 SA'LEBROUS, Adj. ru2?ed; uneven. 
 
 SA'LESMAN, S. oneTvho fells clo.ths 
 
 ready made. One who fells cattle for others. 
 
 SA'LEWORK, S. work.done in a carekfs 
 
 manner, and fit only to be expofcd in ftops. 
 
 SA'LIANT, Adj. [Fr.] in heraldry, in a 
 
 leaping podure. In fortification, projc^tinir 
 
 beyond the other works. 
 
 SA'LIANT, Adj. [/a/;Vnj, Lat.] leaping ; 
 beating ; fpringing with a fwift motion. 
 
 SALI'NE, or SaLI'NOUS, Adj. [ filluu:, 
 Lat.] faltilh ; confining of fait. 
 
 SALI'QpE Law, a law made in France, 
 according to fome, by king Pharamond ; or, 
 according to others, by Philip the Long, 
 which rendered women incapable of fuccecd-' 
 ing to the throne. 
 
 SALI'SBURY, S. or New Sarum, in 
 contradiflirftiori to Old Sarum, the capi- 
 tal of Wiltlhixe, and the fee of a bldiop : 
 it is a large, well-built and pleafant city, at 
 or^near which four rivers unite their ftrcams ; 
 
 SA'iN'FOIM, S. grafs, diflinguifliedbythe and three of them, namely, the Nadder, 
 
 namcsof holygrafs, mcddick, fother, trefoil, 
 &c. much elieemed for improving land. 
 
 SAINT, -S. [Fr./ii;;a.'i, Lat.j a perfon 
 eminent for piety and virtue. 
 
 ToS.AINT, V. A. to number or reckon 
 among the faints. To canonize. Neuterly, 
 •to aft with a fhew of piety. 
 
 Willy, and Avon, run thro' the ftreets by 
 canals. It owes its rife to the church, the 
 foundation of which was laid anno tiicj, un- 
 der bilhop I'oor, by Randulph, the pope's le- 
 gate, and finifhed in 1258. According to an 
 account delivered in to king Henry III. who, 
 with his nobility, &c. was prefent at its con- 
 
 S.\l'ivi'T£D, Adj. holy J reckoned among | ftcration, September 30, it cofl 40,000 mark?, 
 the i lints. near 27,000!. fteilin^ of the prefent monei. 
 
 SA'INTLY, Adv. likea faint ; becoming 
 a faint. 
 
 SAI'NTSHIP, S.'the charafter onqnali- 
 ties of a faint. 
 
 This, of a Gothic frruclure, is the moft ele- 
 gant and regTilar in the whole kingdom,. It 
 is built in the form of a lantern, with the 
 fpire in the middle, and nothing but buttrcfles 
 
 SAKE, S. Ific, Sa^i. facie, Belg.] final and glafs on the ouifide, with not a bit of 
 
 caufe, end, purpofe. Regard to any pur- 
 pofe or thii'g. • 
 
 SA'KER, S. a fmall fort of cannon, 
 
 SALA'CIOUS; Adj. Ifibce, Fr. falach, 
 Lat.] luftful. 
 
 SALA'CIOUSLY, Adj. kcherouHy; luft- 
 fully. 
 
 SALA'CITY, S. [fi/adtas, Lat.j laft; 
 lechery. 
 
 SA'LAD, S. f/dWf, Yr.falaet, Tcut.] 
 herbs which are eaten raw. 
 
 SALAMA'NDER, S. [fihmandrc, Fr.fi- 
 lanmndia, Lat.] an animal fjppofed to live in 
 the fire, and imagined to be very poifonous. 
 ^mbrcj'e Parey has a picture of the falaman- 
 der, w ith a receipt for her bite ; but there is 
 no fuch creature, the name being nowgiven 
 to a poor harmlefs infc(ft. 
 
 SA'L.IRY, S. [filaire, Fr.] Rated hire. 
 An.iuai or periodical payment, j 
 
 wall. The crofs aile is very beautiful and 
 lightfome. The doors and chapels are faid 
 to equal the months of the year ; the win- 
 dows, the days ; and the pillars and pilaflers, 
 the hours. The latter are of fufile marble. 
 The outiide is truly magnificent ; but the in- ■ 
 fide is not anfwerable, the painting being hut 
 indifTerent ; though the carving, what little 
 there is of it, is good. The length of the 
 whole fabric from E to W. including the 
 liuttreflcs, &c. is47S feet, height of the vault- 
 ing So feet, breadth of the W. front 8S9, the 
 fpire, v.'hich is of free Itone, 410, being twice 
 as high from the ground as the monument of 
 London. The cloy ffer is of curious workman- 
 Ihip ; fome of the w iiidows are of fine painted 
 i^lafs ; and e'ght bells hang in a high-built 
 lieeplc on the N. fide of the church-yard. 
 The charptcr-houfe, which is an oiflagon, is 
 50 feet itt diameter, and 1 50 in circuit, the 
 
 roof
 
 SAL 
 
 SAL 
 
 to jf bearing ill upon one fmall pillar In tlie j the momh ani tongue ar; moiftcricd. Spittle. 
 A;ntcr. Tht poU of chancellor ct' the moft Any thing fpit. 
 
 ijoble order of the gaiter, which is annexed 
 t0 tl^e Urhiip of this fee, was tirli conferred 
 ow Dr Richard Bcauchatnp, till cardinal 
 Campegio. by oppofing Kirg Heni7 Vlll's 
 divorce, loit it ;nJ his biihopric : lb that the 
 clirticcUorlHp contir-iiing rja y.-jrs after- 
 wards in by hands, it w.s reflorcd lo Dr. Seth 
 Ward, in tlie reign of king Charles II. and 
 to his lucccflurs. Biihop JcacI built a library 
 ibr thii cathidral, and Dr. Gheaft fumifhed it 
 with books. John <- old-.TcU, i\l. O. dean of 
 Rocheder, was the firft married bilhop of 
 this fee The above nientinned Dr. Ward 
 ct)ntrihuted very largely towuds making the 
 Avon navigal)le from Saliflniry to Chrill- 
 church in Hampfhire j and a qnay was built 
 
 ALl'VAL, or SA'LIVARY, Adj. re- 
 lating to, or con filling of, fpittle. 
 
 To SALIVATE, V, A. to evacuate the 
 fpittle. To bring on a fpitting by art. 
 
 SALIVA'TION, S. a fecrcaon of fpittle. 
 Theftatc cf a perfon who is under cure for 
 any veneral complaint, by fccreting fpittle. 
 
 SALl'VOUS, Adj. [/a/k-j, Lat.] having 
 the nature of fpittle. 
 
 SA'LLET, or SA'LLETTING, S. cor- 
 rupted irom fallad. 
 
 SA'LLOW, S. [falix, Lat.] a tree of the 
 willow kind. 
 
 SA'LLOW, Adj. [falo, Teut. black,/^/.-, 
 Fr.J fickly. Of a gretnilh yellow. 
 
 SA'LLOWNE^S, S. yt'Uownefs ; fickly 
 
 at I-Lrnham b:td;-e, to which barges ccnae up j palenef-. 
 with eafe ■ be alio built an hofpital for poor | _ SA'LLY, S. \_faine, Fr.] an unexpedlej 
 widows of clergymen, among which lived j iffue or irruption from a place beCeged. A 
 Ltely Cr. Sachevercl's mother. Bcfides the , range or excurfion. A flight, applied to wit. 
 cathedral, here are three ether churches, An efcape, frolic, or extravagant flight 
 
 tith ger.teel houfcj, andboarding-fchoo's for 
 Toung genilemen and ladies, more of the lat- 
 ter beiag educated in this city than m any 
 other in England. The market-place, in 
 which ftands a fine town Iioufe, is a fpacious 
 f^uare, and welt fupplitd with all necclLries. 
 Eefkles the manufaiflr.rc of fianr.els, diuggets. 
 
 To SA'LLY, V. N. to burft out fuddenly 
 from a place befieged. 
 
 SA'LLY-PORT, S. a gate from which 
 {allies are made. 
 
 SALMAGU'KDT, S. fcoirapted Uom felon 
 moil gout, Fr. according to my tafte j or e'cji 
 a tr.GT. gout\ a mixture of chopped meat. 
 
 and the cloths called S-:lifbury uhitcs, for the ' pickled herring, GrV. 
 
 Turky trade, lieie' is a confk-lerablc manufac- ' SA'LiVION, S. [/alms, l.zt.faiimoa, Fr. j 
 
 ture of bone lace ; fo that it is lfx>ked upon i a large river fiili. 
 
 to be as ftouriflvaig a city as any in the king- ] SA'LMON-TROUT, S, a trout fome- 
 
 flom, that depends entirely en a home trade what refembling a fnlmon. 
 
 Ir is governed by a roayov, &c. and it fends SALSAMENTA'RIOUS, Aij. [folfamtsr 
 
 t.vo members to pirUament. The number fjr/aj, Lat.] belonging to fait things. 
 
 of its inhabitants is reckoned at io,coo. The S.'VLSOA'CID, Adj. [/"//i<i and aciJus, 
 
 clef , adjacent to ihs cathcdr.;!, in vvl.ich live | Lat.] having a tafte compounded of faltnefs 
 
 the canons, 5;c. is krge, and, well-built ' and fouraefi. 
 
 Among the monuments iii the cathedral,-is a] SALSU'GIICOUS, Adj. [faljugi>^ IaI.'I 
 
 fipure of one Hennet, who endeavouring to j fakilh i f imewbat fait. 
 
 faft forty d ys and forty nights, being reduced SALT, S. [Goth, feak. Sax. fel, Fr.} a 
 
 to a {kelcton, at hfl fell a vidfim to his pre- body of a pungent tafie, di^Tolvablt in water, 
 
 fumptnou> folly: as stfo of loid Stourton, ' and incombufiible ; which gives confiftence 
 
 who, for kliiiiig a gentlrmau and his (on at , to all bodies, preferves ibem from corruption, 
 
 lis own tabU, in the reign of I'liilip and ; and occ:'.fioriS all the Viiieties of tade, A 
 
 M-iry, diid at the gallows like a common tafre or fmack. Figuratively, wit. 
 
 m >Icfa(flor ; and the filkcn halter in which SALT, Adj. having the tsde of fait. Im- 
 
 ?ie was hanged, was placed over his grave, i pregnated or feafpned with fait. Lecherous, 
 
 iiiftead r.f which here is a wire, fHll to he, hi.->:n falax. 
 
 fcen. Thi.^ city has given the title of earl to I f o' SALT, V. A. to nib with fait. To 
 
 itveral families, but L.ttly to a branch of the I feaf >n with fait. 
 
 Cecils. Here are three charity-fdiools ; itsj SA'LT-PAN, or SA'LT-PIT, S. a pit 
 
 weeklv K-rarkets are on Tuefday and Satur- , ftom whence fait is dwg. 
 
 ii\' ; its annual fairs are Tuefda'y after Janu- SA'LTANT, Adj. [fahans^ Lat.] jump- 
 
 ary 6, for cattle and woollen cloth, Monday |ingj dancing. 
 
 hefore J.I;.rch 21;, for broad and nariovv I SALTA'TION, S. [/-j/r^JM, Lat.] the aft 
 
 woollen cloth, W'hitfun-Monday and Tnef-l of dancing or jumping. Beat; palpitation. 
 
 day for pedlary and horfes, and I uefday after S.A'LTCAT, S. a lu.mp of fait, made in 
 
 Ottober jr, tor hops, onions, and cheefe. I the falterns, and given to pigeons. 
 
 It rtands about 15 miles from Andover, 35 SA'LTEJR, S. one who fells or makes 
 
 S. E. cf Biitloi, and S3 W. of London. ' fait. 
 
 SALl'VA. S. I Lat. 1 the fluid by which I S.4.'LTER.N, S. a rl.ce whcrefak ismade. 
 ■ SAL-
 
 SAM 
 
 SAN 
 
 ' SALTl'ER, S. [pronounced A'AffT, from 
 faiikkre, Fr.] in heraldry, any thing borce in 
 the form of a crois. 
 
 SAL'n'NBANCO, S. a quack or moun- 
 tebank. 
 
 SA'LTNESS, S. having the tarte.^f fait. 
 SA'LT-PKTRE, S. \_i\:omjal feuce, Lat.] 
 nitre. 
 
 SALVABI'LITY, S. polTibiiity of being 
 faveJ. 
 
 SA'LVABLE, Adj. ffaho, Lat.] poffiblc 
 to be received to everkifting life. 
 
 SA'LVAGE, S. [Womfaho, Lat.] money 
 paid by the owners for retaking a veflel from 
 an enemy, 
 
 SALVA'TION, S. f/^-fca/^/s, Lat.] pre- 
 fervation from eternal mifery. A fiate of 
 bappinefs. 
 
 SA'LVATORY. S. [fahatoire, Fr.] a 
 place where any tiling Is preferved. 
 
 SALU'BRIOU.S, Adj. [falubrh, Lat.] 
 wholefonie; piomoting or confirming health. 
 SALU'BRITY, S. the quality of promot- 
 ing health. 
 
 SALVE, S. \f<2l-jin,LM.fealf,?,di%.] plaifler, 
 or any glutinous matter applied to wounds. 
 I-'iguratively, help or remedy. 
 
 To SLAVE, V. A. to cure with medicines. 
 To fielp. To remedy. To help fomething by 
 an excufe or refcrvation. 
 
 SA'LVER, S. a vefiel on which glafles or 
 other things are prefcnted to guefh. 
 
 SA'LVO, S. {\'yot\\ faho jure, Lat. a form 
 nfed in granting any thing] an exception, cjc- 
 cufe or apology. 
 
 SA'LUTARINESS, S. [from falutary] 
 wholcfomenefs, or the. quality of promoting 
 health. 
 
 SA'LUTARY, Adj. [fa/utaire, Yv. faht- 
 tarh, Lat. ] wholefome 
 trihutint; to health, 
 
 SALUTA'TION, S, [Yr.falutatlo, Lat,]! 
 
 the aifl or fiile of greeting. i 
 
 To SALU'TE, V. A. to pay a perfon a | 
 
 tompliment or \vi!h them well at meeting. | 
 
 To p'eafe or gratify. To kifs. 
 
 SALU'TE, S. falutation ; greeting. A kifs. 
 SALU'TER, S. he who falutcs. " 
 SALUTI'FEROUS, Adj. [fa/ntifer, Lat.] 
 healthful, 
 
 SAME, Adj. [fdwo, Goth. fam. Sax.J not 
 another. Identical. Of the like fort, kind 
 ©t degree- Mentioned before. 
 
 SA'iMENESS, S. identity. The flate of 
 being not another, or not ditTerent. 
 
 SA'MLET, S. a diminutive of fjhnon, 
 [whence J'almonet, or falmtnln, and finiLtj a 
 iVnsll falmon. 
 
 SA'MPHIRF, S. [fawtPkrre,Yr.]i fhnt 
 growing on rocks and ufually pickled. 
 
 SA'MPLE, S. [from example] a fpecimen ; 
 a part Ihewed, that judgment may be made of 
 the whole. 
 
 SA'MFLER, S. [exrmplar, Lst.] a pattern 
 «f work, A piece of woikwrought by gitis 
 lo feach' theft! m.uklng, £,V, 
 
 SA'NABLE. Adj. curable. 
 SANA'TION, S. the aft of cuvin'», 
 Sa'NATJVE. Adj. [from fano, Lat } 
 having the power to heal or cure. 
 
 SANCTlFlCA'TiON, S. [Fr. from/^w- 
 fijic-o, Lat.] the ftate of being treed, or the aft' 
 of freeing, from the punilhmcnt of Cm. 'I hs 
 ■d€i of ma.king holy. 
 
 SA'NCTJFiER, S, one that fancTifxs or 
 confecrates. 
 
 To SA'NCTIFY, W. A. to free from the 
 pollution and power of fin. To free from 
 guilt. To make holy, 'lofcrcen fiom violence. 
 SANCTIMO'NIOUS, Adj. \ fai:ak:onta, 
 Lat.jhaving the appsaranceofufuintfurpiety. 
 SA'NCTLMONY, S. \ Uin3\mor.la,L.^t.\ 
 devoutnefs ; appearance of holiiiefs. 
 
 SA'NCTION, S. [Fx.fonah, Lat.] the aft 
 which confirms a thing and makes it oblige. 
 Ratification. 
 
 SA'NCTITUr.E, S. holinefs. 
 
 SA'NCTITY, S. [fanrntas, Lat.] a ftate 
 
 of holinefs. The qualitvofbelng holy or good. 
 
 SA'NCTUARY, ?..'[frnai,aire,Vr.] a holy 
 
 place. A place of refuge, flielteror proteftion. 
 
 SAND, S. [Dan.andB'-lg./^;.v&/-, Ifl.] a 
 
 very fmall gritty earth. Particles of flonc 
 
 not joined, or after beirg j(iined, broken to 
 
 powdtr. A barren country covered with fands. 
 
 SA'NDAL, S, [Jar'dale, Fi . Jandal'mm, 
 
 Lat.] a loofe (hoe. 
 
 SA'NDARACH, S. [famlaraque, Fr. fnn- 
 (ianirii, Lat.] a very beautiful native follil, 
 injiidicioufiy confounded with arfenic. A dry 
 hardrefin of a whitifh Colour, of which pounce 
 is made. The matter found in a bee-hive, 
 commonly named Lccs- hieacL 
 
 SA'ND-BLIND, Adj. afili(fled with a de- 
 fed in the fight, in which fmall particles 
 Promoting or eon-lfeem continually Hying befcre the eyes. 
 
 SA'NDERS, S. [j'antaLv:, Lat,] a curious 
 fort of Indian wood, of which there are thre* 
 kinds, yellow, red, and green. 
 
 SA'NDEVER, S. [ fiwdcver, Fr.] the re- 
 crernent or fcum produced in making glafs. 
 
 SA'NDISH, .4dj. approaching to the na- 
 ture of fand. Loofe. 
 
 SA'ND-STONE, S. a ftone that crumbles 
 into fand, 
 
 SA'NDY, Adj. abounding in, or confining 
 of, fand. 
 
 SAND'LIN'G, S, a f^-a-fiiii. 
 SAN'DYX, S. cerufe burnt till it rcfembles 
 red arfenic in coloiir ; or a red earth, proba- 
 bly the red orpiment. 
 
 SANE, Adj. [far.us, Lat ] whole j heakliy; 
 found. 
 
 SANE'NESS, S. foundncfs. 
 SAN'GLICK, S, a Turkilli governor of 
 a city or province. 
 
 SANG, preter. of Sing. 
 SANCUIFICA'TION. S, [Fr.] the pro- 
 Juftion of blood. 
 
 To SA'NGUIFY, V. N. \fang:ih, and 
 fach, Lat. J to [toJute blood, 
 
 i SAr:-
 
 S A R 
 
 SA'XGUINARY, Aoj. [fa^guiuahcFr. 
 Jan^uinarh, Lat.J bloody j Cruel; murJcrous. 
 
 SA'NGUINE, Adj. [fang!wi,¥x.fangui- 
 r.eus, Lat. I red or like blood, applied to' co- 
 lour. Alioundin^ with blood. Cheertiil, ap- 
 plied to temper. \V;irm, ardent, or confident. 
 
 SA'NGUINENESS, or SA'NGUINITY, 
 S. ardour ; liCat of expecTlation ; confidence. 
 
 SANHK'DRIM, S. [fynednum, Lat.j the 
 fiipreme council or court of judicature among 
 tlie Jews, confiding of fevcnty elders, over 
 whom the ]iit,'h-pricO prefisled; 
 
 SA'NIKs,\s, [Lat.J corrupt matter or 
 blood ilTuing from a wound or ulcer. 
 
 SA'xVIOUS, Adj. [fan'tes. Lat.] running 
 with a thin and undigefted matter. 
 
 SA'NITY, S, [Janhas, Lat.j health : 
 foundnefs in mind. 
 
 SANK, preter. of Sink. 
 
 SAP, S. [faf. Sax. jap, Belg.] thejuice 
 which afcends in and nourilhes plants. 
 
 To SAP, V. A. [fapj>er, Fr. xabpare, 
 Ital.] to undermine ; to demoHOi or fui>vert 
 M digging under. Neuterly, to proceed by 
 Jigging under. 
 
 SA'PPHIRE, ?. [ppphhus, Lat.] a pre- 
 cious rtone of a beautiful fky colour. 
 
 SA'PID, Adj. [>/!V«.s Lat.l taftcful. 
 
 SAPl'DlTy, SAPI'DNESo, S. talteful- 
 nefs. 
 
 SA'PIENCE, S. [Fr. faplema, Lat.] the 
 habit or difpofition of mind which, importcth 
 liie love of wiidom. xVifdom. 
 
 SA'PIUNT, Adj. \vi(b or flige. 
 
 SA'PLESS, Adj. I faph'.s, Bclg.] deflitute 
 of f'.p, or vitil juice. Dry; hufky. 
 
 SA'PLING, S. a young tree or ^ hut. 
 
 S4l'ONA'CEOUS, or SA'PONAKy.Adj. 
 ("from fjpo, Lat. fopej having the qualities 
 of f^pc. Srpy. 
 
 SA'POR, S. [Lat.] tafle; power of affe(fl- 
 ing or ni;iiu'atin;> the pilate. 
 
 SAPORI'FIck, Adj. [fuporifq-e, Fr. A- 
 for and fiicio, Lat.j producing talte. 
 
 SA'FPINESS, S. [from>/,,,vj che quality 
 of a!)oundin>7 in fjp or juice. Figuratively, 
 de.'ccc of HHdeiftanding 
 
 S\'PPY, Adj. abounding in fap. Young. 
 We.ik or infirm. 
 
 SAR A'BAND, S. [frrabandc, .Span.] a mu- 
 fical compofition, gener.iUy played very grave 
 and fcrions; alfo a Spaiiilh dance. 
 
 SA'RCASM, S. [farcafmeyYr.fa'cafmus, 
 Lat J a keen reproach. 
 
 SARCA'SriCAL, or S.IRC.VSTICK, 
 Adj. f.ityric;il ; taunting ; fevere. 
 
 SA'RCENET, S. [from fakum jaract- 
 v\un:,\ a fine tliin-wovcn filk. 
 
 To SA'RCLE, V. A. \jarcler, Fr. farauo, 
 L.it.J to weed corn. 
 
 S ARCOCF/LE, S. {"<raV^ and xJiXn] a 
 fiediv excrcfcence of ihe telticlc;. 
 
 .SARCCMA, S. [c-^p:xf^:,\ 3 flefhy ex- 
 
 cr^Cccnce, ^rowing in any part of the body. 
 
 SARCO'PHAGUS, Adj. [^i,? and ^.---,»,.] 
 
 SAT 
 
 feeding on flefh. 
 
 SARCO'TICKS, S. [from <ri^*] medi- 
 cines which fill up ulcers with ftew fielh. 
 
 SARDO'NYX, S. a fpecies of onyx,- 
 v.hereon the white lies like a plate, of a rcd- 
 Jilh colour. 
 
 SARRj S. [fcjrk, Sax.] a fliark. In Scot- 
 land a fliirt. 
 
 SARSE, S. [fas. Fr.] a ficve made of fins 
 lavi'n. 
 
 To SARSE, V. A. [fijjh; Fr.] to fift 
 through a lawn fievc. 
 
 SAbH, S. a belt, or filken bafid of net- 
 work, worn by officers, byway of diftin<n:ion. 
 A window, with large panes made with 
 frames which go in grooves, and are let up 
 and dov.'n by pullies. 
 
 SA'SSAFKAS, S. a tree; one of the 
 fpecies of the Cornelian chcny. 
 
 SAT, the preter. of Sit. 
 
 SA'TAN, S. the prince of hell j any 
 wicked fpirit. 
 
 SATA'NICAL, or SATA'NICK, Adj. 
 [from Satan] devilifh ; infernal. 
 
 SA'TCHEL, S. [ feie!, leut. faccuh!, 
 Lat fee Sachel] a luile leathern bag, ufcd 
 by childfen to carry books in. 
 
 To SATE, V. A. Ifatk, Lat. /e^, in.l, 
 to feed too much or beyond the de&res of 
 nature. To glut. 
 
 S.VTF.LITE, S. [in the plural number 
 it is ufcd by Pope as a word of four fyllable', 
 and accented by him on the fecond ryilablc, 
 U-om frJc'/ite, Fr. or fa teUct, 1-at-] in'aftro- 
 nomy, a fccondary planet, which moves round 
 fome primary planet at its center. 
 
 To SA'TLATE, V. A. {fa;iatu'. Lit.] 
 to f itisfy, fill, or glut. To gratify any defire. 
 To impregnate wivh as much as it can receive, 
 
 SA'TIATE, Adj.- glutted ; full to fitiety. 
 
 SATI'ETY, S. [fdth::c.s, Lat.J more than 
 enoug!) ; ftiteof being palled. 
 
 Sa'TIN, S. [Fr, drap dl fnt'm, Ital. fatt'ir, 
 Belg.] a foft, clofe piled and fhining lilk, 
 
 SA'TIRE, S. [Fr. ;tJ,-.vv,Lat.] a poem m 
 which wickednefs and folly are ctnfured. 
 
 SATI RIG, or SAl I RICAL, Adj. [fati- 
 r'que, Fr. faiir-c::!, Lat.] belonging to fatire. 
 Cenforicufnefs. Severe in reproach. 
 
 SATIRIST, S, one who writes farires. 
 
 ToSA'TIRiZ^E, V. A. [fatirixcr, Fr.J t9 
 ccnfure for faults. 
 
 SATISFA'CTJON, S. [faasfaHk,'Lat.] 
 the 'd£l of giving complete or perfefl pleafure. 
 The ftate of being plcafcd. Freedom fiom 
 uncertainty or fufpence. Gratification. At- 
 tonement ; recompence or revenge for a crime 
 or injury. 
 
 SA i ISFA'CTORY, Adj. [ fathfuFtoire, 
 Fr.] atoning ; giving ratisfa(ftion. 
 
 "^Jo SATPSFV, V. a, [/rtmand/o, Lat.] 
 to pleafe to fuch a degree that nothing more 
 is defire'd. To feed to the full. To recom- 
 penle. To convince. 1 o give atonement or 
 revenge for an injurv. Neuterly, to pay. 
 
 SA'TRAPA,
 
 S A U 
 
 SA'TRAPA, S. the chief governor of a 
 province in Ferfia. 
 
 . To S A'TUllaTE. V. A. {ja[:n-attn, Lat.] 
 to impi-«miste till no more can be imbibed. 
 
 SATU'RITY, S. \Jaturitas, Lat.] fulnefs. 
 
 SATURDAY, S. [fatterddag, fatcmfdeg, 
 S;ix. from fed re r, a Saxon idol, andi?Wg-, Sax. 
 a day] the lafV day of the week. 
 
 S-ATU'RNFAN, Adj. goiden ; happy. 
 
 SA'TURNINI:, Adj. [fc:i:!fm;:i!S, Lat.] 
 gloomy, grave or melancholy. 
 
 S.VTYR, S, Ip.yrin, Lat.] a fylvan god, 
 fuppofed to be rude and lecheipus. 
 
 SA'VAGE, Adj. \ rawvage, Fr. plveggc, 
 Ital.] wild or uncii'tivared. Untan.ed oi 
 cruel. Untaught, or Ijariwrous. 
 
 Sa'VAGE, S. a pejfc'iii who is neither 
 taught nor civilized. 
 
 To SA'VAGE, V. A. to n>ake wild or 
 favage. ^^ Savsitd h'j wcxi.^' TavJ. 
 
 SAVA'NNA, S. [Span.] an open meadow 
 without wood. 
 
 SAUCE, S. [fauce,faulje, Yr-Jalfa, Ital] 
 any licjuld oT other thing made to be eaten 
 with food. ToJ'cr-ve the Jm;is fauce^ is, to re- 
 turn one injury by another. 
 
 end fiifferings, has made a propltiab'on for tFve 
 lins of mankind, and faves thakibdlbdU-vg 
 111 h'itn from eternal mifery. 
 
 To SAU'NTEX, V. N. [alkr a la fame 
 terre, \. e. to go to thehoiv land ; alluding to 
 thofe perfons who wandered about ben;pin* 
 charity, under pretence of going to the holy 
 land j or rather from jans enr, Fr. without- 
 any fettled home] to wander about in an idle 
 manner. 
 
 SA'VORY, S. a plant. 
 
 SA'VOUR, S. [fa-L'eur, Fr,] a fcent or 
 odour. Figuratively, a tade. 
 
 To SA'VOUR, V. N. [fntwmer, Fr.] to 
 have any particsjlar fcent, or tafle. To b«. 
 token or have any appearance of fomething. 
 Actively, to like, 'i o rclift or take pkafure 
 in. To give a talk of. 
 
 SA'VOURY, Adj. [favcunux, Fr.] pka- 
 Ong to the fmell. 
 
 SAVO'Y, S. [hr^Jfca f:hav.dh:a, Lat.] a 
 fort of cohvort. 
 
 SAVOy, a fovereign duchy of Europe, Ijc- 
 tween France and Italy, bounded on the N. 
 by the lake of Geneva, which feparntes it 
 from Swillerland, on the E. by the Alpf, 
 
 To SAUCE, V. A. to accompany food with which divide it from Piedmont and Vat 
 
 fomething to give it a higher relilli . To gra- j on the W. by the river Rhone, which parts 
 
 tify the palate, To iaterm!.\ with fomething I it from Eugey and Bredc, and on the S. I)y 
 
 good or bad. t Dauphiny and a part of Piedmont. It is Si; 
 
 SA'UCEBOX, S. an impertinent, impu- 
 dent feiioT\'. 
 
 SAU'CEPANT, S. a fmali fkillet ufed gene- 
 rally in making fauces. 
 
 SA'UCER, S. a fmall platter on which^ a 
 tea-cup Hands. 
 
 SA'UCILY', Adj. impudently; in a fancy 
 manner. 
 
 SAU'CISSON, [Fr.] in fortification, fag- 
 gots made of large boughs of trees bound to- 
 gether. 
 
 SAU'CY, Adj. ("perhaps bed derived from 
 falfus, Lat.] pert ; contemptuous of fupe- 
 riors, impertinent. 
 
 To SAVE. V. A. [fau-z-er, fctihcr, Fr. 
 fa!'vo~ Lat.] to preferve or refcue from danger, 
 deltruftion, or eternal mefery. To refervc or 
 lay by money. To prevent from fpending. 
 To fpare or e.xcufe. 'To fave ore's tide, is to 
 embark juft time enough to accomnlifh a voy- 
 age before the tide turns ; and figuratively, to 
 take, embrace, or not loofe an opportunity. 
 
 SAVE, Adj. [perhaps rather the imperative 
 oifave'\ except j not including. 
 
 SA'VEALL, S. a fmall pan fixed in a 
 •ondlcflicks to burn the ends of candles. 
 
 S.WER, S. refcuer 4 one who lays up 
 and grows rich. 
 
 SA' VING, Adj. frugal. Laying by money, 
 and refraining from expence. 
 ' SA'VING, S. the art of avoiding expence. 
 Any thing prcferved from being expended. 
 An exception in favour. 
 
 SA'VIOUR, S. [faut,ei-r, Fr.] the title 
 given to our Bleficd Lord, who, by his death 
 
 miles in length, and 67 in breadth, and is 
 divided into Proper Savoy, the Genevefe, 
 Chablais, Faufigni, the Tartntcfe, Morienna, 
 and a part of Bugey. The air is cold on ac- 
 count of the high mountains, which arc al- 
 mofl always covered with fnow ; however, 
 the foil is pretty fertile, and fupplie.s the inha- 
 bitants with the neceilaries.of life, but they 
 can fupply their neighbours with nothing biit;- 
 chefnuts and raddillies. The mountains, 
 which are not covered with fnow in winter, 
 abound with padures that feed a great num- 
 ber of cattle. There is alio a great de.d of 
 game ; among which are ffags, fallow-deer, 
 rcebuck5,vald- boars, bears, m<nmouts, white- 
 hares, red and grey partridges, wood-hens, 
 and pheafints. The lakes are full of filh, 
 and the principal rivers are t!;e Ifere, the 
 Arc, and the Arve. This country has fufTered 
 greatly by ruinous wars, which it has fuftain- 
 ed againfl France and Spain. The inhabi- 
 tants rre laborious, fobcr, good foldicr.<:,, 
 and faithful fubjedls, and Chamberry is the 
 capital town. 
 
 SAU'SAGE, S. [favdfft:, Tr.fa/fum, Lat] 
 a roll or ball nnde commonly of pork or veal, 
 minced very fmall, with fait and fpice. 
 
 SAXONY, its limits are difllrently de- 
 fcri4)ed. It formeily extended over both tiic 
 circles of the Upper and Lower Saxony, in 
 Germany ; but for fometime it has been re- 
 firi(fted to the clecftoral dominions of Saxony. 
 In the large fenfe, as including the Upper 
 and Lower S.'^xony, it is hounded on the N . 
 by the Kaltxiea, benmaik, and the Germ:nx 
 
 ocean i
 
 SAW 
 
 ccean ; on the E. by Poland and Silefia, and 
 on the S. by B 'hemia, Fianconia and Hefie 
 Callc!, and on the W. by Weilphalia. It lies 
 b::t\vecn lat. 50 and 55 deg. N. and bet'Acen 
 long. 8 and 18 deg. E. Saxony duchy, to 
 which the eleftorate is annexed, is bounded 
 (in the N. by the duchies of Magdeburg and 
 Biunfiuck, the principality of HalberlLidt 
 and eleiflorate of Brandenburg, on the E. by 
 Silefia and part of Bohemia and Franconia, 
 and on the \V. by the landgravate of Hefle. 
 Its capital is Wittembcrg 5 but the elector 
 ufually refides at Drefden, That parf 
 properly called the ele(norate is about 130 
 miles from E. to W. and 90 from N. to S. 
 but the whole of his dominions are reckoned I 
 about 2ZO from E. to W. and 140 from K. 
 to S. The eledor is great marfhalofthe 
 empire, its vicar during an interregnum in all 1 
 places not fuhje£t to the Palatinate vicariate ; 
 and he appoints the meetinj^s of all diets, ex- 
 cept tlie collegial diets, &c. His country is 
 very fruitful and populous (but in the late 
 war between tlie elector and Pruflla very 
 much impoveriflied and (tripped of its inha- 
 bitants) being reckoned one of the wealthieft 
 princes of Germany, except the archduke of 
 j^ufriia. The prcfent elector, like his father, 
 renounced the protellant leligion, and cm- 
 braces that of Rome, at twenty-one years of 
 age, with a view to qualify him lor the throne 
 ot Poland ; but the other princes and their 
 fcbjcfts arc Lutherans, or of the Augfburg] 
 CJnfeflion ; though among them theie a;e 
 Ibme Cdvinifts and Roman Catholics. The] 
 Saxons have capacities, f.;ys, baron de Polnitr., 
 equjl to any nation, beii:g naturally magna- 
 nimous and abliorrcnt of flavery ; they are 
 well made, robuft, agile, laborious, and good 
 {oldicrs. The German languagcis fpoken iu 
 Saiiony wiih tlie greatest purity. Tlie uni- 
 vciTities i-f this country abound with illuflri- 
 ous fcholars j and alnioft every town is fa 
 muus for politenefs and the cultivation of the 
 arts and fciencc!, as Cranach tlie famous 
 Sa\on printer, and the late Handel, prince of 
 muficians, were born at Drefden. The Sax- 
 ons reverence Luther as much as ever, being 
 zealous (licklers for his docTlrine. 
 
 The prelent clcftora! family is defcended 
 from Frederick the \^^arrior. Landgrave of 
 Thuiingia, and the Margrave of Mifnia, on 
 whom the emj-er(ir Sigifmund confened that 
 dignity preferably to John I. brother to the 
 elector Albert 11. claming inveftiturc as 
 neareft of kin to Albert IV. who died with- 
 out illiie in the year 1412. 
 SAW, preter. of See. 
 S \W, S. { fiigJ, fg'i Sax. fie, Fr. ^ae^he, 
 Pclg. ] an inftrument wiih teeth, ufcd to cui 
 wood or metal wiih. A faying j a fentence ; 
 a proverb. 
 
 To S.-W, V. A. [participle yizTOf*/ or 
 ^a-wn •jfaividan, Perf.j to cut timber or other 
 $u.iicii£ls with a faw. 
 
 S C A 
 
 S.\'W-riT, S. a j>it over which timber i; 
 laid to be fawn. 
 
 S.VWER, or SA'WYER, S. a perfon who 
 cuts timber with a faw. 
 
 To SAY, V, A. [pr«er. faid\ fecgan. 
 Sax. J to fpeak, tell, or utter vv»rds. To 
 alleJge, or afiirm. Keuterly, to fpeak. In 
 poetry, this word is elegantly uftd in the irn- 
 perjtive to introduce aqueftion. 
 
 S.\Y, S. [/j^J, Sax', fahcon, Pcrf. ^x.jO, 
 Hung, xacn, Arm^ z,an, Ep.] a fpeech. A 
 fample, contraifted.from ajjay. A trial by a 
 fample. A kind of filk, iiomfoie, Fr. A 
 kind of woollen Ruff. 
 
 SA'YING, S. [fee Sav the noun] an 
 exprelTIon or fentence. 
 
 SCAB, S. \ fc^b, Sax. fcMia, Ital. 
 fchabie, Belg. fcabies, Lat.j a hard cruft of 
 matter covering a woimd or fore. The itch 
 or mange in horfes. A paltry perfon, or 
 one who is loathfome on accout of his ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 SCA'BBARD, S. [fd>flj>, Tcut ] the fiieath 
 cf a fword. 
 
 SCA'BBED, or SCA'BBY, Adj. covered 
 with fcabs. 
 
 SCA'BIOUS, Adj. • [fcaihfus, Lat.j le- 
 prous. 
 
 SCA'BROUS, Adj. {Jcabreux,Yr. feeler, 
 Lat.] rouch. ' ' 
 
 SCA'FF-OLD', S. [eJcblifa-Jt,Vr.] an occi- 
 ficna! gallery or Itnge, railed either for (hoWs, 
 executions, or fpc(ftators. Frames of timber 
 ere(f>ed on the fides of a building for the 
 workmen to Hand on. 
 
 SCA'FFOLDAGE, or SC A'FFOLDINt}, 
 S. a gallery or liollow floor. A frame or (lage 
 ere(fted for a particular occafion. A buildiii.^ 
 ereifted in a lligiit manner. 
 
 SCAL.^DE, orSCALA'DO, S. [Fr./«- 
 lado. Span. Jcala, Lat.] a llorm carried on 
 againU a place by ladders raifed againll the 
 walls. 
 
 To SCALD, V. A. [fcaldare, Ital. of 
 cal'idus, Lat.] to injure the ftcin by boilin;^ 
 water. 
 
 SCALD, S. fcurf on the head. 
 SC.A.LD, Adj. mean ; paltry. 
 SCALE, S. [fcalc. Sax. Jckr.le, Belg. /..•.', 
 m. j a balance, or veffe! in which things arc 
 weighed, fufpended on a beam. The frgn 
 Libra \n the zodiac. The fmall (hells or crults 
 which lie over each other and make the coats 
 of filhes. A ihin plate which arifes on metals. 
 A ladder or means of afcent, from/i.i.'a, Lat. 
 TJie act of florming by ladder.":. A legular 
 gradation or feries w hich rife^; gradually high- 
 er. A ruler ufcd in meafuiing proportions. 
 The feiies ofmufical proportion. Anything 
 marked at equal diflaiices. 
 
 To SCALE, V. A. [fcaJare, Ital.] to 
 (torni by ladder.-;. To weigh, meafuic, cr 
 compare. To take off a thin plate or lamina. 
 To pare cffa fuif-cc, Ktuteily, fopatccff 
 in thin pieces. 
 
 - SECALE'N/
 
 S C A 
 
 SCALE'NE,or SCALENt;M,S. [Ti: and 
 I-at.] a geometrical figure which has its three 
 iides uaequil to each other. 
 
 SCA'LINESS, S. the (fate of being fcaly. 
 
 SCALLj S. [fi'iltadur, li!. baUJ kprofy ; 
 baidne(s. 
 
 SCA'LLION, S. [fcalaynd, Ital.J a kind 
 of Onion. 
 
 SC.VLLOP, S. [cfcallip, Fr.J a fi(h vvith 
 a hollow and pcftinatcd Ihell. The fliell of 
 a fco.liop fifli. Any thing dreft iil a fcallop 
 Ihell. 
 
 To SCA'LLOP, V. A, to cut or mafk oh 
 ihe edges with waving lines. To drefs any 
 thing in a fcallop fhell. 
 
 SCALP, S. [Jchelfe, Belg. a /hell, fcalpa, 
 It.ll.] ihe (kuUor bone that inclofes thebiain. 
 The (kin whicii covers the top of the head. 
 
 To SCALP, V. A. to cut off the fkin 
 which covers the head. 
 
 SCA'LY, Adj. covered with fcales. 
 
 T(5 SCA'MBLE, V. N. to he turbulent or 
 rapacious. To fcramble or get by ftrtiggling 
 with others. To Ihifc in an aukWard manner. 
 Actively, to mangle or maul. 
 
 SCA'MBLER, S. fStottifli] art intruder 
 upon a perfon's generolity or table. 
 
 ToSCA'MPER, V. A. \fihampen, fielg. 
 Jcampare, Ital.j to fly vvith fpceJ and fear. 
 
 To SCAN, V. A, [Jciindre, Yv.fcar.do, Lat.] 
 to prove a verfe by examining its feet. To 
 fe.xamine in a nice and curious manner. 
 
 SCA'NDAL, S. Ifcatsdale, Fr. of <rxanSaXov, 
 Gr.] an offence giveii by the faults of others. 
 A reproachful and infamous afperfion. 
 
 To SCA'NDAL, V. A. to tieat cpptobri- 
 ouHy. To charge falily with faults. 
 
 To SCANDALIZE, V. A. [IcarJaUfi-, 
 Fr. c-x-JiXaXi^i;, Gr. | to offend by ibme 
 atftion fuppofcd criminal. To reproach or 
 defame. 
 
 SCA'NDALOUS, Adj. [fr^rMkux, Fr.] 
 piviiig public otfence. Infamous. Repioach- 
 tul. Shameful. 
 
 SCA'NSION, S. [/f.^'ySb, Lat.]theaaof I 
 fcanninga verfe. 
 
 To SCANT, V. A. \gcfca'nnn. Sax.J/oK- 
 *v, Dan.] to limit, (iruiten, or keep within 
 narrow bounds. 
 
 SCANT, Adj. wary; fcarce. Lefsth.-.n 
 vhat is rcvjiiiicd. 
 
 SCANT, Adv. warily; fcarcely. 
 
 SCA'NTILY, Adv. niggardly. 
 
 SCA'NTINESS, S. narrowuefs ; watit of 
 {pace, amplitude, quantity, or of gieatnefs. 
 
 SCA'NTLET, S. almall pa;ternor ijuan- 
 tity. 
 
 .SCANTLING, S. [rjclar.ulkr., Fr. cla„- 
 ffllino, Itai,] a fmall quantity cut as a pattern. 
 A fmall piece, ptirtion, or quaniiry. 
 
 SCA'NTY, Adj. narrow; fmall; ftiort of 
 its proper ^^uant■ty. Poor; fparing. 
 
 To SCAPE, V. A. [cop,tra<5ted from rfc^jfc] 
 
 to fhun or fly, Neuterly, to get a\ 
 dinger. 
 
 sy from j thinly. 
 I fpreaJ. 
 
 S C A 
 
 SCAPE, S, flight from danger. A means 
 of cfcapej an evafion. A freak or Ibrt owing 
 to inadvertence. An aift of vice or levvdnefs. 
 
 SCA'PULA, S, [Lat.Jthethoulder-blade. 
 
 SCA'PULAR, or SCA'PULARY. Adj. 
 [ fcapulalre, Fr, from fciipula, Lat. ] relating or 
 belonging to the (houlders. 
 
 SCAR, S. [efcar, efL-are,¥r.iT^aft., Gr.] 
 a mark made by a wound, or left by a fore. 
 
 To SCAR, V. N. to leave a mark after a 
 fore or wound, 
 
 SCA'RAMOUCH, S, [efcar/Kouche, Fr.] a 
 buffoon in a motley drefs. 
 
 SCARCE, Adj. [fi-arfe, JU\.fclaa-s, Beig.] 
 hard to be met with ; rare; not plentiful or 
 common. 
 
 SCARCE, or SCAR'CELY, Adv. with 
 difficulty ; hafJly. 
 
 . SCA'RCENE6S, or SCA'RCITY, S. the 
 quality of a thing which is hardly to be met 
 with. Rarity or uncommonnefs. 
 
 To SCARE, V. A. [fcorare, Ital.] to 
 frigiif. To (Irike with Aidden fear. 
 
 SCA'RECROW, S. an image or clappet 
 ufcd to frighten birds. Any tlung to raiie 
 terror. 
 
 SCARF, S.[ffiLvfi, Fr.] any ornament 
 that hangs loofe on the ihoulders. 
 
 To SCARF, V. A. to throw Icofcly on. 
 To drefs in any loofe garment, 
 
 SCA'RFSKIN, S. the outw.rd fkin of thf 
 body. 
 
 SCARIFICA'TIOiV, S. [Fr. fcailfcano, 
 Lat.] an operatibh wherein feveial incifions 
 are made in the fkin by an inftrument. 
 
 SCA'RIFIER, S. he who fcarifics. 
 
 ToSCA'RIFY, V. A. f fcarijirr, Fr. fca- 
 y'.fico, Lat.] to let blood by jnaking feveral 
 incifions in the fUin. 
 
 SCA'RLET, S. [efcarlate, TT.fcarbto, Ital.] 
 a colour made of a mixture of red and yellow. 
 Cloth dyed fcarlet. 
 
 SCA'RLET, Adj. of fcarlet colour. 
 
 SCARP, S. {-cfcarpc, Fr.] the (lope on tliat 
 fide di a ditch which is next to a fortified 
 place. 
 
 SCATCK, S. \cfchache, fr.] a kind of 
 horfeLit foi bridles. In the plural, iliits ufcd 
 to walk in dirty places, from clajjh, Fr. 
 
 SCATE, S. [Swed. /kid, Iil] a kind of 
 wooden flioe, having a plate of flecl under- 
 neath, ufcd in moving on ice. Afifhof the 
 fpccies of thorn backs, from /"j.-;^/: j, Lat. 
 
 To SCATE, V. N. to move on the ice by 
 means of fcates. 
 
 To SCATH, V. A. \f:3U^an, Goth.] to 
 wade, hurt, damage, or d^iUey. Seldom 
 ufed. 
 
 SCATH, S. \f(a:ke, Sax.] wafle j damage ; 
 lofs; mifchief. Ohfilete. 
 
 To SCATTER, V. A. [fchateran. Sax. 
 fchatter^-n, Belg.] to throw loofely about. To 
 fprinkle. To diflipate or difpcrfe. To fpread 
 
 Nculerly, to Le difpcrfed or thinly 
 G i: ^ SC.VTTER,
 
 S C H 
 
 S C I 
 
 SCA'TTF.RLING, S. a vagabond} one I SCHO'LATJ, S. \fcholcrh, Lat.] one who 
 who has no fixed habitation. rectives inflnnflion from a mafter. A man of 
 
 SCATU'RIENT, Adj. fpringhig as a letters. A mere pedant, 
 fountain. SHO'LARSHIP, S. knowledge acquired 
 
 SCaTURI'GINOUS, Adj. abounding in j by reading. Education as it conlifls in tlic: 
 fprinns or fountains. ftudy of authors. An exhibition or penfiuii 
 
 SCA'VENGER, S. [from fcafa>!. Sax.] a j allowed a fcliolar at the univerfity 
 .,;.!, ^PT-,^^,- .,■(,,, ic f.> fpc fh;,'f rhf fh-cets are srHOT.ASTTC. XA\. T frl-'-.i 
 
 parilTi ofScer who is to fee tha't the (Ircets are 
 kept clean. 
 
 SCE'NERY, S. [from /aw] the appearance 
 of a place or things. The reprefentation of a 
 jiace in wliich an a(rtion is performed. A col- 
 lection of fcenes ufed in a phyhoufe. 
 
 SCENE, S. [Jcene, Fr. /vr..-, Lat. from 
 «-XMv>i, Gr.] the llage. The general appear- 
 ance of any adion. A part of a phiy, gene- 
 rally applied lo fo much as pallcs between the 
 
 fame perfons, in the fame place. The place particular fylfem. 
 
 SCHOLASTIC, Adj. [fd-ohjlipe, Fr. 
 from fcho/a, Lat. J praftifed in the ichools ; 
 ac^iuired at, or befitting, a fchooi. 
 
 SC HO' LI A ST, S. [fcho/iajiis, Lat.] an' 
 author of explanatory notes. 
 
 SCHO'LION, or SCHO'LIUM, S. [Lat,] 
 a nore, or explanation. 
 
 SCHOOL, S. [fd'ola, Lat.] a houfe wheie 
 peifons are intlrufted in any fcience or art. 
 A flatc of education. A fert which holds a 
 
 reprednted by the (fige. A piflure or hang- 
 ing reprefentlng fome place or building on a 
 ftage. 
 
 SCF/NICK, Adj. \ faiiquc, Fr. from/awj 
 dramatick ; theatrical. 
 
 SCENOGRA'PHICAL, Adj. [crxwfl and 
 ypl^x'] drawn in perfpetftive. 
 
 SCE'NOGRAPHY, S. [o-itr.n and j'pi4><»] 
 the art of perfpciftive. 
 
 SCENT, S. [{cr.tirc,Yx. /"a-ww, Lat.] the 
 power or fenfe of'fmelling. 'Chace, followed 
 by the fmell 
 
 To SCHOOL, V, A. to inflruaor teach. 
 To teach with authority. 
 
 SCHO'OLMAN, S. one ^rfed in the 
 niceties and fubtilties of academical difpnta. 
 ti.,,n : a perfon Ikilled in fchooi divinity. 
 
 SCHOOL-MASTER, S. one who pre- 
 fides and teaches in a fchooi. 
 
 SCIA'TIC, orSCIA'TICA, S. \jc-un]jufy 
 Fr. ijcbiadicj faJ]:o, Lat.j the gout in the 
 hip. 
 
 Sd'ENCE, S. [Vr.fctevuay Lat.] a clear 
 
 tne imcii. I'*"d certain knowledge grounded on demon- 
 
 To SCENT, V. A. fTtW/iV, Fr.] to fmell ; (iration and fclf-evident principles. .'\ fyflem 
 
 perceive any tiling by the nofe or organ of any branch of knowledge, comprehending 
 
 ' ... -r. r .,;^..« .1- j_n...:_. ..._r__ -ind theory, without 
 
 To perfume, or communicate 
 
 to , 
 
 of fmelling. 
 
 odours. 
 
 SCE'PTRF, S. Fr. [fceptrum, Lat.] a royal 
 ftatf borne in hand by kings, &c. as a mark 
 »f their fovereignty. 
 
 SCE'PTRED, Adj. bearing a fceptre. 
 
 SCE'PTIC, Adj. fceSKEPTic. 
 
 SCHE'DULE, S. [pronounced fiduk, from 
 fclcduU, Fr. fchedula, Lat.J a fmall fcroll, or 
 inventory. 
 
 SCHE'MATISM, S 
 combination 
 bodies 
 
 the do£lrine, rcafon, ^, — 
 
 any immediate application of it to praftice. 
 Knowledge. 
 
 SCIE'NTIAL, Adj. producing certainty or 
 knowledge. Olifolete. 
 
 SCIENTrFIC,orSClENTI'F/CAL, Adj. 
 producing certainty or demonftrative know- 
 ledge. 
 
 SCl'MITAR, S. feeCiMETAR.' 
 I To SCIN'TILLATE, V. N. { fantilh, 
 riSM, S. Ic-yj'MauriJio^,, Gr.] Lat.] to fparkle ; to emit fpirks. 
 of the afpt(fts of heavenly SCINTILLA'TJON, S. f/rw.';/.'.-.-/;';, Lat.] 
 the aCIt of fpaiking ; fparks emitted, 
 SCHE'RIATIST, S.aprojeaprjonegiven SCIO'LIST, S. [faolus, Lat.] one who 
 to forming fchemcs. knows thing's fupcrficiaily. 
 
 SCHEME, S. [s-X"/^", Gr.] a plan, or SCl'OLOU.S, Adj. [/Wi/«i, Lat.] fuperfi- 
 defion wherein feveral things are brought into I cially or imperfc<ftly knowing. 
 one°view. A projeO. I SCl'ON, S. [Fr.] a fmall twig taken from 
 
 SCHE'SIS, S. [Gr.] an habitude. one tree to be engrafted into another 
 
 SCHI'RRHOUS, Adj. confifting ofahard „ . _-^ - - ,. 
 
 infenfible tumour 
 
 SCHFRRHUS, S. {[dnke, Fr.] a hardened 
 gland. 
 
 SCinSM, S. [pronounced fafm, from 
 c-vis-.uo, Gr.] acriminal feparation or divifion 
 in relijion. 
 
 SCHISMA'TICAL, Adj. incliningto, or 
 praftifing fchifm. 
 
 SCHISMA'TICK, S. one who (emanates 
 liimfflf from the Chriflian church without 
 afTignrngany jurt caufe. 
 
 ToSCHlS'MATIZE, V. A. to be guilty 
 «£ the crime of fchilin. 
 
 SCl'RE-FACiAs, S. [Lat.you may make ' 
 to know] in law, a writ whereby a perfon is 
 called on topcivcavje- why a judgment pailtJ 
 (hould not lie put in execution. 
 
 SCl'SSARS, S. [writ varioufly, according 
 to the word from whence it is fuppofed to 
 be derived ; thofe who deduce it foom ir.cido, 
 or Li£do, write c'lfors ; thofe that derive it from 
 fiir.do, write fci£6ri \ and others again write 
 
 cifan, tixars, or fcijja's, from cife^ztx, Fn.] 
 a fmall pair of blades, with a fharp edge 
 
 moving on a rivet, and ufed for cutting 
 
 paper, cloth, &c. Ah.vays ufed, in tlic 
 
 pkuiJ. 
 
 scrssiLE,
 
 SCO 
 
 SCrSSILF, Adj. capable of being cut. 
 
 SCl'SSTON, S. the art oF cutting. 
 
 SCl'SSURF,, S. ija£un!, Lat.] a breach, 
 liipture, or fifTiire. 
 
 SCLEROTIC, Adj. [ ffhrotique, Fr. 
 ••J'^^fl;f, Gr.] hard ; generally applied to one 
 of the tunics of the eye. 
 
 SCLERO'TICKS, S. medicines which 
 harden and confolidate the parts ihcy are 
 applied to. 
 
 To SCOAT, orSCOTH, V. A. to rtop 
 a wheel by putting a Itone or piece of wood 
 under it. 
 
 To SCOFF, V. N. [fcho^pen, Belg] to ri- 
 dicule u'uh inlblence. To treat with con- 
 temptuous and reproachful language. Ufed 
 with at. 
 
 SCOFF, S. derifion ; ridicule 5 cxprefiion 
 cf fcorn. 
 
 SCO'FFER, S. one who ridicules, or de- 
 rides another. 
 
 To SCOLD, V. N. [fdoldcn, Bclg.] to 
 quariel with or chide in a vehement and rude 
 tnanner. 
 
 SCOLD, S. a clamorous, rude, and 4uar- 
 relfome woman. . 
 
 SCO'LLOP, S. fee Scallop. 
 
 SCONCE, S. [Jdartx, Teut.j a fort, or 
 bulwark. Figuratively, the head. A candle- 
 Itic, whic!) moves on a rivet, and is fixed 
 againft a wall. A liii€. 
 
 To SCONCE, V. A. [according to Skin- 
 ner from/cc/Vif, a head; it lagnifyirig to fix a 
 fine on anyone's headj to fine or make a 
 perfon pay a fum of money for a fault 
 word much ufcJ in the uuiverfity 
 
 SCO 
 
 of fomcll-jlhg pafl. Part of a de!*t. A reafoa 
 or motive. bake. Twenty. A long \r\ 
 /core, is that which is written under ilic mu- 
 fical notes. 
 
 To SCORE, V. A. to fet down as a debt. 
 To impute or change. To maik by a line. 
 
 SCO'RIA, S. [Lat.] drolV. 
 
 SCO'RIOUS, Adj. \fcona, Lat.] drofty. 
 
 To SCORN, V. A. ( fchcm;,, Beig. cjcor- 
 ncr, Fr.] to treat with flight or contempt. 
 Neuterly, to fcotl' or treat with conteniptiS"6us 
 language ; ufed with at. 
 
 SCORN, S. [cfconis, old Fr.] an art of 
 contumely and contempt. 
 
 SCO'RNER, S. one who treats a perfon or 
 thing with contempt or ridicule. 
 
 SCO'RNFUL, Adj. looking upon or treat- 
 ing with infolcnce or contempt. 
 
 SCO'RPION, S. [Yv. forpio, Lat.] a jcp- 
 tile refcm!)ling a lobfi<r, whofe t;:il ends in a 
 point, and has a very venomous llmg. 
 
 SCOTj S. [scote, Fr.] fliort paymenP. 
 What is (iltie from a perfon Sect and lat, what 
 is due from a perfon as a parilliioncr. Scot 
 free, denotes a perfon'.'; being excufcd payiog 
 his (hare to his reckoning, or being remitted 
 fome punilhment. 
 
 SCOTLAND, partof \Vhich Lsthe ancient 
 Caledonia, has fince the union been called 
 North-Br'iti:w. It is the northern part of tli6 
 main illand, which comp.eiiends Kngland 
 and Wales, and with thefe condituting one 
 united kingdom ever fince the 5th of Qucca 
 .-^nne in the year 1707, and that by tliecun- 
 Ajfentof the parliaments of both kingd.wis. 
 By this coalition they are now in conjunction 
 
 SCOOP, S. [fci.'oepe, Belg.] a kind of I llylcd Great Britain, and are under the fame 
 Jarge ladle, ufed to throw out li^juor. An in-, government of one Kingabd p.irllament, with 
 flrument made of bone, and u('cd in the eat- ! a refcrve of all tiie ftatuie and municipal law$ 
 ing the pulp of an apple. A fwcep or (troke. of Scotland j and other privileges, &c. prfor 
 
 •' Atone fell Ucoy." Sht.k 
 
 To SCOOP, V. A. [fchoebrn, Belg.] to get 
 by means of a fcoop. To lade out. To 
 empty or carry olF in a hollow inrirument. 
 To cut hollow or deep. 
 
 SCO'OPER, S. one who fccops 
 tural hiftorv, a water-fowl 
 
 to that ira ; fo that the legiflation, which 
 formerly was vefted in the King and parlia- 
 ment of Scotland independently of thofe of 
 England, being removed and placed in one 
 general parliament of Great-Britain (fixteen 
 In na-j peers from Scotland reprefsnting their nobi- 
 lity, and forty-five mtmhers the gentrv and 
 
 SCO'PE, S. [fcopus, Lat.] the objeft of a commonality) the la\\s in common arc now 
 perfon's acflions ordefign. An aim, intention ! palled by the two countries in conjupftion. 
 or drift. The final end. Room, or fpace ; ' All that part of the main iilmd north of 
 tibcrty or freedom. LicentioiUiiefs. An aft i Cumberland and Northuaibeiland, two of 
 of riot. Quantity extended. the molf northerly counties of Rngland, be- 
 
 SCO'PULOUS, Adj. [fcopulcfits, Lat. j a-! longs to .'■cotland ; together with a great 
 bounding in recks. I number of iflands, particularly on the weflern, 
 
 SCORBUTl'C, or SCORRU'TICAL, 
 
 /dj \ Jccriuti^'UC, Fv. fiCriutuSy Lat.J rcfem- 
 bling or partaking of the fcurvy. 
 
 ToSCORCiI,V. A.'lclgo.-cte/Ai,^. fcorencJ, 
 Sax. burnt J to change thccolour of any thing 
 by heat. Neiiterly, ro change the colour of 
 any thing, applied to heat. To b.' dried up; 
 
 SCOR:, S. \ JJiora, III. J a note., cut with 
 an edged inlhument. A line drawn. An 
 account, kept by nyitches cut in \voo»i, or by 
 knes drawn by chalk. A debt. An account 
 
 fouth-wedern, and northern fides, as the 
 ^.!)ude, Orcades, Shetland, &c. It has the 
 Irifh fra on the W. the Deuraledonlan on the 
 H. and that part of the German ocean on 
 the E. whic!; in our maps is ciUcd the Bri- 
 tilh or North Sea. It is about 300 miles long 
 from N. to S. and fro.n 50 to 150 in breadfh 
 from E to W. being indented, and nearly 
 cut through in many places by bav<; or firths 
 of thefea, as they are called, forming excel- 
 lent harbouis, at the ends and on the lidcs of 
 t> g g 2 whicii
 
 SCO 
 
 SCO 
 
 w>iich are fevcral confiderable rivers, 'oefiJcs ; other? of fcailct, ekher of wool or filk, atid 
 kilcr Dream?, abounding with fine Talmon, ! finer than iholc mavie in any part ot Britain 
 
 trour, eels, and flounders. Scotland, exclu 
 Uve ot its ifiands, lies between lat. 5+ deg. 
 50 min. and ^g dejr. 30 niin. N. andbeiwccn 
 long. I and 6 deg. W. Tiie longeft day isup- 
 wards of eighteen hours, and the Ihorteft night 
 forty-five minutes, aijd in i'ome of the Shet- 
 land illes lefs. The number of its inhal)i- 
 lants Tcmpleman reckons as 1,500,000, 
 vhich is half a million rrtore than he com- 
 putes in Iiehiid, though, exclufive of the 
 
 Thefe are chiefiy niauu.*"a<ftured at Glafgow, 
 as are ftockings, &c. at Aberdeen. Eehdes 
 ftripeJ nuillins, cambrics, and thofe tolerably 
 fine, the main ai ticle of the Scottilli manu- 
 facture is lincn-doih, vaflly encouraged and 
 improved by virtue of premiums, &c withm 
 thcle few years ; cfpecialiy by the taking oil 
 the duty on it in England, an.i the prohibit- 
 ing the wear of printed callicoes : for vaft 
 (quantities of it are not only lent to England, 
 
 lies, he makes the latter to contain more 1 Intt exported to our Briiilh colonies in North 
 srounJ. 1 he fjil in general does not come 1 America. .Scotland is fiid to have this ad- 
 lip to thai of England in fertility ; not hut vantage to boail of, which neither England, 
 that feme counties, p.irticulaily the JLothi.-ns, | nor hardly any nation in Europe has, namely, 
 Fift, Bnchan, Angus, Mearns, Aberdeen- I that in every branch of its trade with other 
 (inre Rofs, Murr.iyland, &c. have good ; countries, the balance is on its fide ; that if, 
 ftore of grain, with wliich they trade to , ihe fends out more commodities in value than 
 Snain Holland, Norway, &c. The fkirts of 1 (he receives back ; and confiquently the dif- 
 rhe c-iiintry, efpccially northward, abound 1 ference or overplus mufl be made good in 
 W!th timber, particularly fir-trees, Sec. of a (peeie. Scotland has produced men of emi- 
 vafl maf'nirudr. 'ihe air is very temperate, . mcnce in every branch of literature : and 
 and not'^h.iSf lb cold as might be imagined | Chriflianity leems to have been planted very 
 in fo northerly a climate. This, as in ■ early in this country ; for TertuUian fays, 
 Endand, is owing to the warm vapcurs and I " That thofe parts of Britain, into which 
 breezes which come continually otT the fea;j*Mhe Romans had not penetrated, became 
 and hkcvvifc purify the air, and put it in | " fubjec't to Chrifl." The capital rivers, 
 fuch a conltant agitation, as keeps the inha- particularly the Forth, Clyt'e, Tay, and Nels, 
 bitants from any remarkable epidemic dif- l&c. divide it into peninfulas ; thefe runnin;^ 
 tempers. Great part of the country, parti- I fo far into the country as to be intercepted 
 culaily towards the N. and W. including the only by a fmall idhmus, or neck of land, but 
 Grampian hills, is mountain^ius, hilly, and , more elpeciaily the fmall dilfauce of Lough- 
 heathy ; but yielding good pallure in fevcral nefs from the Wellern Sea. Scotland may bs 
 places : between the higher grounds are many divided into two clallcs; namely, fouth of 
 rich valleys, and always a (lout flream, both tlie firth of Forth, whofc cipital, and that of 
 in the N. and S. parts, which produce corn , the whole kingdom, is Edinburgh ; and tlic 
 and cattle j but the latter, \\ ith the horfes, I Korth of the fame Firtli, the principal town 
 are molUy of a fmall breed. Great numbers in which is Aberdeen. The elbblinied reli- 
 ef the cattle are driven into England, and gion of Scotland is the CjIvin-.Hical or Pref- 
 there lieing fold lean after fattening in the ; bytcrian, as contained in the Confeflion of 
 En^liih paflurcs, they furnilli the London | Faith, authoiifed in the firft parliament of 
 markets with delicate bee.*". Scotl-ind like- j King James VT. or which is much the fame, 
 wife breeds great numbers of fheep, many of' the tonfeftion of divines at Wcnminlter, 
 vhich are fent into England, as is the grcateff [ which the church (commonly the kirk) of 
 part of their wool. It has alfo a very good | Scotland have adopted. Jn this kingdom 
 fifhery of herring, cod, ling, filmon,&c. great .arc ftveral diftnters or cpifcopalians, wh© 
 quantities of whith are exported, bchdes greit ' originally in their extemporary prayers ufed 
 plenty of haddock, whiting, fk:it, &c. with ' the Lord's pr.yer and the Gloria ; but they 
 a variety of Ihell filli, aS mufcles, wilks or ' moflly have adopted now the Church of 
 perriwinkles, cockles, clamps or fcollops, oy- ^ England form: however, tlic non-juvors 
 fters, &c. for home-confumption. Scotlund ; among them are not permitted to h,tvs 
 has the better cf England both i'ot catching ' meeting-hoiifes ; snd futtcred only to preach 
 of hei rings fooner, and curing them better j : and read the divine fervicc to a very fmall 
 the pickled licrrings of Glafgow, Locli- ; number, fince the year 1 745 : whereas fucU 
 
 broom, &c. being eoual to thofeof the Dutch 
 their fituation for exporting them is likewife 
 more commodious ; fothat they can be fooner 
 at market than the Dutch, the Glafgow 
 merchants on the coafts of Spain, Tortugal 
 and up the Streights ; as the merchants of 
 Dundee, Aberdeen, &c. on the Eaftern coaft, 
 in the R.tltic, German ocean. The Scots 
 have manufa<nures ot cloth, woollen ftutfs, 
 f aiticul>ivly phids, fgmc of variegated colours. 
 
 minifteiscis take the oaths, and prjy for his 
 Mujefty in exprefs terms, ha\e meeiing- 
 houfes. 
 
 To SCOTCH, V, A. to cut, or maks 
 marks with an edged indrument. 
 
 SCOTCH, S. a flight cut. 
 
 SCOTCH COLLOPS, or SCOTCHED- 
 COLLOPS, S. [tiom j::r:b, to cut] fmall 
 pieces of veal marked or cut acrofs wiih a 
 knife, and then fried. 
 i 4 SCOTOMY,
 
 SCR 
 
 SCO'TOMY, S. [a-KoTX'fxc, Gr. ] a Jiz- 
 zinefs or fwimming in the head, caufingdim- 
 nefs of fight, 
 
 SCO'VEL, S. a fort of mop for fweeping 
 ovens; amr.ulkin. 
 
 SCO'UNDRKL, S. [fchondarudo, Ital.] a 
 word of reproach, uled to convey the idea of 
 bafencfs. 
 
 To SCOUR, V. A. \Jkurcr,'Dzn.fcbcu- 
 ei-c:t, Belg. ] to rub a fin face hard with any 
 thing rough in order to cleanfe it. To re- 
 move by fcouring. To cleanfe. To clear 
 from enemies or ob(lacIe5, applied to the fea. 
 In phylic, to purge violently. To pafs fwifily 
 over, applied to the motions of animals. 
 Ncuterly, to run with great fwiftnefs. 
 
 SCOU'RKR, S.one who cleans by rubbing, 
 or runs fwiftly ; a purge. 
 
 SCOURGE, S, [pronounced yi/^^^^, from 
 ef, lyurgc'f, Fr, fcon-cgi,7, IvA. conlgciz, Lat.] an 
 indrunient made of feveral cords or thongs 
 ufed to ftrikc ofiendcrs with. Figuratively, a 
 punifliment. One that alHirts, harrafles, or 
 deftroys, A wiiip ufcd for a top. 
 
 To SCOURGE, V, A, to lalh with a whip. 
 To punifli or chartife. 
 
 SLOURGER, S. one that cbartifes. 
 
 SCOUT, S. ^efrout, Fr. from efccuicr, Fr.] 
 one who is fent privily to obfervc the motions 
 of an enemy, A perfon employed on errands 
 in a college. 
 
 To SCOUT, V. N, to go out in order to 
 make fesret obfcrvations on the motions of 
 an enemy. 
 
 To SCOWL, V. N. [fcynnn. Sax.] to 
 frown ; to look angry, four, or fullen. 
 
 SCOWL, S. a look of gloom or Jifcon- 
 tcnt. 
 
 SCO'WLINGLY, Adv. fuUenly. 
 
 To SCR'ABBLE, V. N. [hratbkt:, fcraf- 
 felcn, Belg. J to paw or fcratch with the 
 hands. 
 
 SCRAG, S. Ijchraghe, Belg. ] any thing 
 lean or thin. 
 
 SCRA'GGED, Adj. [corrupted from crag- 
 ged'\ rough ; full of protuberances or afpe- 
 rities. 
 
 SCRA'GGY, Adj. lean ; thin j rough or 
 rugged, 
 
 ToSCRA'MBLE,V. N. [feeScRABBLEj 
 to flruggle (o as to catch or feize any thing 
 with the hands before another. To climb by 
 the help of the hands ; followed by up. 
 
 SCRA'MBLE, S. an eager flrqgglc for any 
 thing, in which one endeavours to feize be- 
 fore another. The aft of climbing by the 
 Irelp of hands. 
 
 SCR'AMBLER, S. one that fcramblcs ; 
 one that climbs by the help of his hands. 
 
 ToSGRANCH, V. A. \Jcra!}tx^a; Belg.] 
 to grind fomething crackling or brittle be- 
 tween the teeth. 
 
 SCRA'NNEL, Adj. grating by the found, 
 
 SCRAP, S. [fromyira/f] a fmall piece; a 
 bit or fragment. 
 
 SCR 
 
 To SCRAPE, V. A, [ fcnpan, Sax. 
 f.hrapav, Belg.] to take off the lurfacc bj 
 the adion of a (Ijarp inftrumsnt, To craze 
 or take oFby the motion of an edged inlirr- 
 ment held perpendiculir. To coilcft cr ga- 
 ther by great pains and cafe. To fcape ac- 
 <fuj!nta>icc is to rnrry favour. Neuterly, to 
 make a harfli noife. To p!-*y badly on a 
 fiddle. To make an aukwjrd bov/. 
 
 •SCRAPE, S. '•//V7/., Svved.J perplexity ; 
 difficulty; diflrefs. 
 
 SCRA'PER, S. an edged in (Irument nfed 
 to fcrape with. A thin iron al a door, on 
 which a perfon cleans his (lioes. A mifer. A 
 bad player on a fiddle. 
 
 To SCRATCfl, V. A. [kraf^rv, Eeig.] to 
 mark with flight, uneven, and tdjged cuts. 
 To tear with the nails. To wounil li^litly. 
 To wound with any thing keen \vh-c!i leave^ 
 alineormaik on the Ikin. To vviite or draw 
 aukwardly. 
 
 SCRATCH, S. a ragged or fhallow cut. 
 A wound given by the nails, A flight wound. 
 A peruke, which is eafily combed out. 
 
 SCRATCHER, S, [fiomjlraich] he that 
 fcratches. 
 
 SCRATCHES, S, cracked ulcers or fcabs 
 in a horfe's foot. 
 
 SCRAW, S. [Ifl. and Erfe] furface or 
 fcurf. 
 
 To SCRAWL, V, A Ifirzckc, Pol. b-dyntl. 
 Boh, ] to form in an irregular and aukward 
 manner. To write ill, 
 
 SCRAWL, S. writing performed in an 
 aukward manner, 
 
 SCRA'WLER, S. a clumfy or inelegant 
 writer. 
 
 SCRE'ABLE, Adj. [fa-cM/is, Lat.J that 
 which maybe fpit out. 
 
 To SCREAK, V. N. [krekeu, RufT. 
 /Iwierexic, Pol. Jkrchat'i, Boh. Jkn^c, Dan.] 
 to make a (hrill or hoa'fe noifc like that of 
 a perfon terrified, or like that of a rully 
 hinge. 
 
 SCREAK, S. \Jkkrh, Pol. /hrcht, Boh.] a 
 Chrill noife made by a perfon on the fight of 
 fomething terrifying See Scresck. 
 
 To SCREAM, V. N. [hrar.an. Sax \ 
 to cry out with a flirill voice in terror oi 
 agony. 
 
 SCREAM, S. a fhiiU loud cry made by i 
 perfon in terror or pain. 
 
 To SCREECH, V, N. [fee Scr -/.::. 
 Jkrakia, Id.] to litter a loud, flirill cry, v. he;-; 
 in terror or agony. 
 
 SCREECH, S. cry of horror and ar.guiik ; 
 harfh horrid cry. 
 
 SCREEN, S. [(•/.■rj», Fr.Janythvno tl-..vl 
 affords fliclter or concealment, or is ufcd to 
 exclude cold or light. 
 
 To SCREEN, V. A. to (helter, l;ide, os 
 conceal ; followed hv from. 
 
 SCREW, S, \fcroe-vc,, l&e\z. '/f/o.v,' Fr,] a 
 cylinder having a fpiral edge, UitUin ;>icic;i'^ 
 and fadening timber. 
 
 <>2S 3 -
 
 SCR 
 
 To SCREW, V. A. to tiirii by, or fjacn 
 with a {crew. To deform by contortions, 
 applied to the face. To Iqiiecze or preis. 
 lo extort. 
 
 To SCRI'EBLE, V, N. {j'crMh, Lat.l ro 
 w/ite in a carelefs and in'correcl manner. 
 To fill with carelefs writing. 
 
 SCRIBBLL., S. catelefsorworthlefs writ- 
 ing. 
 
 SCRi'BBLER, S. a mean petty author j 
 an iuthorofno met it. 
 
 SCRIBE, S. [Fr. fcnha, Lat.j a writiT. A 
 public notary. In I'cripture, a perfon /killed 
 in t!ie Jewilhlaw, and employed in tranfcib- 
 ing it for the ufe ot others 
 
 s c u 
 
 SCRl.*' TABLE, Adj. [fiom fat. tsr, Ut] 
 difcovcraMc by enquiry. 
 
 SCtlU'TATlON, S. [fcrutor, Lat.j fcarch ; 
 examinution ; enquiry. 
 
 SCRUTA'TOR, S. \fa:utateur, Fr. from 
 fcrutor. Lit.] enquirer; fcarcher; examiner. 
 
 SCRUTINOUS, Adj. captious j full or 
 enquiries. 
 
 SCRU'TINY, S. IJcnitimum, Lat.] a nice, 
 exaft, and fcrupulous fearch, examinatioDj or 
 enquiry. 
 
 lo SCRU'TINIZE, or SCRUTINY, 
 V. A. to fearch or examine with exacVnefs. 
 
 SCRUTOI'RE, S. [from j'critoire, or c/cn- 
 toirc, Fr.] a cafe containing drawers for 
 
 SCAI'jMER, S. [Fr.J ufed hy Shaicfpeare\ ^x■Imr\gs. 
 for a gladiator. j To SCUD, V. S. [fquhlhe, lta.1. J^urfa, 
 
 SCRINE, S. a coffer or chelT. j Swed. fuacr, Ill.j to fiy or run away in a 
 
 SCRIP, S. [yJ-j/)^.!, in.] a fniall bag, or (hurry, 
 fatchel Afmail piece ui paper, or writing j To SCU'DDLE, V. N. to run with an 
 from fcrlbtio, Lat. ; affcfted hade. 
 
 SCRI'PrURAL, S. [from fcripture] con-j SCj't'FLE, S. [derived by Skinner from 
 taineJ in the 0\i or New TcfUmcnt. \fi"'ffl'^ aconfufed tumult or broil, 
 
 SCRI'PTURE, S. \jcnptura, Lat.] thei To SCU'FFLE, V. A. lo fight in a con- 
 Bible, or fylteni of divine truth contained in fufed and tumultuous manner, 
 the Old or Ne.v Teftament, fo named by wayj To SCULK, V. N. [Jkulke, Dan.] to lurk 
 
 ot cmmencc. 
 
 SCRI'VENER, S. [fcrli-ano, Ital.] one 
 who draws contrafts, or deals in convey- 
 ancing. 
 
 or lie clcfe in hiding places. 
 
 SCU'LKER, S. one who conceals himfelf 
 through Ihame or mifchief. 
 
 SCULL, S. \pJj, Ifl.] the bone which 
 
 SCROTULA, S. from [/rrs/Ij, Lat.] the j defends and inclu.ks the br.dn. Afmallboatj 
 
 k'Ug'sevil. 
 
 s'CRO'FULOUS, Adj. refembling, or of 
 the n.^ture of the king's evil. 
 
 SCROLL, S. [ejc-ou, Fr.] a writing rolled 
 up into a cylindrical fiiape. 
 
 SCROTOCE'LE, S. \ fcr-.tum, Lat. and 
 xr.xh, Gr.] a rupture ot the fcrotum. 
 
 SCROTUM, S. [Lat.j the b.ig wherein 
 the teflic'es of the male arc contained, coci- 
 pofcd of two membranes, excluiive of a fcarf 
 Ikin. 
 
 To ?CRUB, V. A. \ fchrobhctt, Belg.] to 
 rub hard with fomethin^; coarfe. 
 
 SCRUB, S. a mem or bafe perfon 
 thing mean or deiJ3ica!)ic 
 
 one who rov.'s in a fniall boat. 
 
 SCU'LLCAP, S. a head piere. 
 
 SCU'LLER, S. [fiiola, 1(1. J a boat which 
 has but one rower. One that rows a fmall 
 boat. 
 
 SCU'LLER Y, S. a place where kettles or 
 difhes arc cleaned and kept. 
 
 SCU'LLION, S. [cjcudlie, Fr.] a perfon 
 who w.ifhcs the difhes and does the other 
 drudgery of a kitchen. 
 
 To SCULP, V. A. [ jW/5, Lat.j to carve; 
 to engrave. 
 
 I SCU'LPTILE, Adj. [[culttilh, Lat ] made 
 Any, by carving. 
 
 'sCU'PLrOR, S \fculf>tcr, Lat. fc-Jficur^ 
 
 SCRU'SBED, or SCRU'BBY, Adj. [fcni-\ Fr.]one who cuts or carves wood or ftone. 
 ^tV, Dan.] mean ; vile; worthlds. i SCU'LPTURE, S. [Fr. fcu/fitura, Lat.] 
 
 SCRUTLE, S. \fn-upi<ie, Fr. fcruf>ufbs,\ the art of carving wood or ftone; carved 
 Lat.j a dmibt or difSculty, whicli ihc mind I work ; the art of engraving. 
 Cannot re'blve. In medicine, u weight con-) SCUM, S. [eUume, Yt. jYiama, Jt&l. Jixvmj 
 taining 20 gntins, I Dan. fchi^m, Hclg] tiie froth which rifcson 
 
 ToSCRU'h'LE, V. N. todonbt or hefitale. I the top of any liquor ; the drofs, or that part 
 
 SCRUPULO'SITY, S. nice and exccfllve of filth wJ)ich fwimson the top of any liquid 
 e;uiion, or doubtfulncls. Far of a<ning in or metal in fuflon. 
 
 any thing which may chance to give offjnce, j To SCUM, V. A. to take off the filth 
 vt may contradict fame precept. 1 which rifes to the top of any liquor when 
 
 SCRUTUl-Ol-S, Adj. [joupukux, Fr. j boiling, <ommoniy pronounced y«;;«. 
 /".-rK^i/Zifc, Lat.j afraid to do, or comply for j SCU'.MMcR, S. [cfni>Koh\ Fr.] a vefTel 
 Ycir of violating imy precept, or of hazarding ! or inflrument with which fiitli, &c. i.s taken 
 -any lofs or danger. I from the top of anv liquor; pronowiced 
 
 SCRL"?UL0LS::ESS, S. the ftate of be- ;yZ,V,-«f r, 
 ing fcriipulou.^. | S JU'PPEri HOLES, S. [/t-Z^;><rr, Belg.] 
 
 To SCRUSE, V. A. to Iqueczs j to ', fmall holps on the deck of a veflel, through 
 «-owd. . which water is cairicJ iato the lea. 
 
 i SCURFA,
 
 SEA 
 
 SCURF, S. [fcurf, ?,a\.Ji,>rfay IQl a kJnd 
 of miliary fcab ; a foil or filth (licking on 
 tlie Airface. 
 
 SCU'RFINESS, S. the flate of being 
 fciirfy. 
 
 SCU'RRIL, Adj. low; mean; abiifive. 
 SCURRI'LITY, S. f /-//m ;>/, Fr. /f«r- 
 r'tlitas, Lat.J reproacij exprefied in grofs 
 terms. 
 
 SCa'RRILOUS, Adj. [fcun-iUh, Lat.] 
 ufing lo'.v, mean, and vile reproaches. 
 
 SCU'RVY, S. [fee Scurf] a diftemper 
 wherein red itching blotches, and fometimes 
 livid ones, appear on the Ikin. 
 
 SCU'RVY, Adj. [from few/] covered 
 with fcabb j afiecled with the Icuryy ; vile 
 or bafc. 
 
 SCUT, S. [Jk-jt, in.] a tall, applied to 
 fuch animals whofe tails are very (hort, as a 
 hare. 
 
 SCU'TAGE, S.\fcutum, hat. /ciMjifmg, 
 Sax, i c. /hield-moncyj a tax granted to 
 Henry III. for his expedition to the Holy 
 Land. 
 
 SCU'TCHEON, S. [feucdoni, Ital. from 
 fc:/fum, Lat.J the ihield or bearing of a family 
 in heraldry. 
 
 SCU'TIFORM, Adj. \fctiuformh, Lat.] 
 flwped like a (hield. 
 
 SCUTTLE, S. [faaclla, Lat. fcutcH, 
 Celt.] a wide (hallow veliel, fo called from 
 a di(h or platter, which it refemblcs. A fmall 
 grate ; a quick pace ; an atfc<fted hurry in 
 walking, from j'cuH. In a (hip the fmall 
 holes cut for padage from one deck to another, 
 or the wimlows cut in cabbins for the fake of 
 light. 
 
 To SCU'TTLE, V. N. to run with an 
 afTeifted hurry. 
 
 SEA, S. \ fa. Sax. fee, or xts, Belg. xau, 
 Vp.xi.ficc, and .Y9i, Urm. z.ea, Span.] the wa- 
 ter, oppofed to land. A particular part of 
 the ocean. Figuratively, any thing agitated 
 «r in commotion ; "A troubled /t^j of paf- 
 
 " fion." Milt. 
 
 SEA-BREEZE, 
 the fea 
 
 SE'A-CALF, S. 
 
 S. a wind blowing from 
 the fea), fo called from 
 the 
 
 its making a noife like a calf. 
 
 SE'A-CHART, S. a map on which 
 coafts of the fea are delineated. 
 
 SE'A-COAL, S. a coal fo called becaufe 
 conveyed by the fea. 
 
 SE'A-COAST, S. a ihore ; or land which 
 borders on the fea. 
 
 SE'A-COMrASS, S. the inltrument by 
 which mariners (leer iheir veflels. 
 
 SE'A-i"0\V, s. the manatee, a cetacioiis 
 animal, about 15 feet long, and 7 or 8 in j o"f, to nc^jiiire by fccking. Ni-iiteily, to 
 circumference. make enquiiy ; to cry to find ; followed by 
 
 SEAFA'RER, S. one that travels by fea. \for or aftey. 
 
 SEAFA'RING. Adj. ufed to the fea; SE.'\RCH, S. enquiry 3 examination; pur., 
 travelling by fea. fult ; atl of feeking. 
 
 SE'Ai'IGiiT, S. a battle fought cp the SEARCHl-R, b. an enquirer, Onewh* 
 ^a, I fecks after any thing hid or unknown. 
 
 » CggV An 
 
 SEA 
 
 , SEA-GRF,EN, Adj. refembllng the co, 
 lour of the fea. 
 
 SE'AMAN, S. [plural /vw««;| a Gilor. 
 SEA MARK, S. a point or mark in th? 
 fea, which mariners make ufe of to direct 
 their courfc by. 
 
 SEA-PIECE, S. a pidurc reprefenting a 
 profpecl of the fea. 
 
 SEA-SICK, Adj. fick on board a ve(TL=l at 
 fea ; a diforder attending people at the firlt 
 going to fea. 
 
 SEA-SURGEON, S. a furgeon employed 
 on board a, fliip. 
 
 SE'A-TERM, S. A word ufed by failors. 
 SEAL, S. [Jeolc,fde, Sax. fed, Dm.felur, 
 in.] the fea-calf. An indrument carved In 
 creux, ufed in fa(!eBing letters, and affixed to 
 writings as n tefHinony. The impreUion of a 
 feal in wax, or on a wafer. 
 
 To SEAL, V. A. to clofe, or faflen, to 
 con(irm or atteft with a feal. To ratify. 1 o 
 lliiu or clofe, followed by up. To mark v\ith 
 a (lamp. Ncuterly, to fix a feal, followed by 
 unto, 
 
 SEA'LER, S. he that feals. 
 SE'ALING WAX, S. a compofition ufed 
 in fadening or clofing letters. 
 
 SEAM, S. [Sax. :<:oom, Belg ] the edge of 
 cloth where two pieces are joined together. 
 The juncture of the planks in a (liip. A 
 fear. A meafure, from_/Iw7«, Sax. a load. 
 
 To SEAM, V. A. to join the edges of 
 two pieces of cloth, or to fadcn the edges of 
 two pieces of timber together. To mark with 
 a fear. 
 
 SEA'MLESS, Adj. having no vifible join- 
 ing. 
 
 SEA'MSTRESS, S. { feamjire, SaK.] a 
 woman who lives by making linen, and 
 fewing. 
 
 SEAN, S, [ffgne. Sax, feine, ¥r. ffigfna, 
 Lat.] a very large net ufed to catch ifilh in 
 the fea, made like a drag net, but Jbniciimes 
 without a cod, 200 fathoms in length, and 
 from 2 to 6 fathoms in depth. 
 
 SEAR, Adj. [J'carian, Sax.] dry ; not 
 green. 
 
 To SEA'R, V. A. [fsan^riy Sax.] to bura 
 or cauterize. 
 
 SEA'RCLOTH, S. [farckth. Sax. from 
 far. Sax. and clQih, Sax.j a plainer. 
 
 ToSEARCE, V. A. [7#»-, Fr.J to fjft: 
 finely, 
 
 SEA'RCE, S. a fine ficve. 
 To SEA'R CH, V. A. [chenher, Fr.] to 
 examine into ; to look through ; to envjuire; 
 to feck after fomething lod, hid, or un- 
 known. Jn forgery, to probe. Ufed with
 
 S EC 
 
 S EC 
 
 An officer, in London, who e'tainincs \^-f\ who fupports oy maintains. In meafufing 
 bodies of the dead, in order to det£<ft anyuimt, the fixtieth part of a minute. 
 
 violence. 
 
 SEA'SON, S. lfti:fo>i, Fr.] one of the] 
 four parts of .the year. A particular time or 
 period of time. A fit time. A fmall fpace 
 ©f time. That which gives a rchlh to food ; 
 irom the verb. 
 
 To SEA'SON, V. A. Up'fomer, Fr ] to 
 mix food with any thing that gives it a relilh. 
 To give a relidi to. To qualify by blending 
 fomething elfe. To fit for any nfe by time 
 or habit. Neuterly, to become fit for any I marily, or originally 
 purpofe. SRCOND-SIGH- 
 
 SEA'SONABLE, Adj. done at a proper 
 cime. Convenient or proper with refpeft to 
 time. 
 
 SEA'SONABLENESS, S. propriety with 
 rcfpecl to lime. 
 
 SEA'SONER, S. one who feafons or re- 
 lifhes any thing. 
 
 SEA'SONING, S. that which is added to 
 any thing to qualify it, or give it a relilh. 
 
 SEAT, S. \Jital, Goth, feto!, Sax./m, old 
 Tcut.] a chair, bene!-, or any thing which 
 fupports a perfon when fitting : A chair of 
 Hate. Figuratively, a po(t of authority 
 Refidcnce or abode. Situation. 
 
 To SEA'T, V. A. [fee the noun] to place 
 on a feat. To place in a port of authority. 
 To fix or fettle in any place. To place in a 
 firm manner. 
 
 SEA'WARD, Adj. towards the fcq. 
 SE'CANT, S. [fccantt, Fr. fccans, Lat.] 
 in geometry, the right line drawn from 
 the centre of a circle, cutting and meeting 
 with another line called the tangent with- 1 
 opt it. 
 
 To SECE'DE. V. N. [ f.-ceJo, Lat.] to 
 withdraw, or rcfufe anbci-ttirig in an affair. 
 
 SECE'DER, S. one who fliews his difap- 
 frohation by withdrawing. 
 
 To SECE RN, V. A, f/^wwo, Lat.] to 
 feparate finer from grofter matter. To make 
 fi reparation of juices in the body. 
 
 SECE'SSION, S. {fn-cjfto, Lat.] the aft 
 of departing. The att of withdrawing from 
 coimcils or anions, ] 
 
 SE'CLE, S. [/ft-«/«w, Lat.] a century. 
 To SECLU'DE, V. A. [fedudo, Lat.] 
 to confine from. To Ihut up frotn. To 
 pxclude. 
 
 SECLU'SION, S. the aft of confining. 
 SE'CQND, Adj. [Fr. fecunduu It is ob- 
 fervable that the Englifti, Goths, and Saxons 
 Jiave no ordinal for two, as tlie Latins like, 
 wife have none of duo. What the Latins. 
 called fecurtJus from fcfuor, the French and 
 JLnghfh call fecond^ x\\t.Go\.h% anther, OT an- 
 tbara, arid thf Saxons /e otter, or (eftfr.-!, i, e. 
 the other, or that which is after] the next in 
 order to the firft ; inferior; next in value, or 
 dignity. 
 
 SE'COND, S. one who accompanies an- 
 clbcr in a duel, to dircft or defend him. One 
 
 To SECOND, V. A. to fupport, or main- 
 tain. To follow in the next place. 
 
 SE'COND-HAND, S. poffcfTfon of a 
 thing which has been enjoyed by another 
 before. 
 
 SE'COND-HAND, Adj. applied to know- 
 ledge, implicit, or borrowed from another. 
 Applied to drefj, worn, or laid afide by an- 
 other. At fecand-hand, implies in imitation ; 
 borrowed, or tranfmitted, oppofed to pri- 
 
 SE'COND-SIGHTED, Adj. having the 
 power of feeing things future.- 
 
 SE'COND-SJGHl, S. the power of fee- 
 ing things future. 
 
 SE'CONDARILY, Adv. infecond degree, 
 or order. 
 
 SE'CONDARY, Adj. [feccndarhn, Lat.] 
 not the chief, not tiie primary, or firlt. Aft- 
 ing by commifTion. AJecondary fever, is that 
 which arifes after a crifis. 
 
 SE'CONDARY, S. a delegate ; a deputy. 
 SE'CONDLY, Adv. in the fecond place. 
 SE'COND-RAIE, S. fecond in order, 
 dignity, or value. Ufed in converfation, for 
 one of the fecond order. 
 
 SE'CRECY, S. [from fecret] the ftate of 
 being concealed, or hidden. Solitude. The 
 quality of preferving from difcovcry. Clofe 
 filence. 
 
 SECRET, Adj. [Fr. fecretui, Lat.] kept 
 hidden, or undifcovered. Unfeen. Faithful 
 in keeping any thing from difcovery. Un- 
 known. Privy. 
 
 SE'CRET, S. fomething kept from public 
 notice, or knowledge. A thing unknown. 
 Privacy. 
 
 SE'CRETARY, S. [fecretairc, Fr.] one 
 intruded with the management of public bu- 
 fintfs. One who writes for another. 
 
 To SECRE'TE, V. A. [fccretus, Lat.] to 
 put afide, or hide. To feparate. 
 
 SECRE'TION, S. in medicine, the aft 
 of fcparating the various fluids of the body. 
 The fluids feparated. 
 
 , SECRETl'TIOUS, Adj. parted by animal 
 j fecretion. 
 
 [ SE'CRETLY, Adv. in fuch a manner as 
 not to be psblickly known. 
 
 SE'CRETNESS, S. the quality of being 
 hid, or of kcfpjng any thing revealed to ene 
 from public notice. 
 
 SECRE'TQR Y, Adj, pe^rforming the office 
 of feparating the fluids. 
 
 SECT, S. [Fr./^«j, Lat.]abodyofmeii 
 following fome particular mailer, or adopting 
 fome peculiar tenet. 
 
 SE'CTARY, S. [fcaaije, Fr.] one who 
 refufes to comply with the public eftabliOi- 
 ment, and joins with others of an opinion 
 contrary to it. 
 
 SECTA'TOR, S. an imitator j adifciple; 
 a follower. 
 
 SE'CTIQK,
 
 S E D 
 
 SEE 
 
 SE*CTION, S. [Yv.fefih, Lat.]theaaj SEDULOUS, Adj. [/«/«/«», Lat.]jntctifc!y, 
 of cutting or dividing. A pait. A (iwAl or i aiid conftantly iiiduftrioiis. 
 aininifl part ot a writing or book. S^DULOUSNESS.S, induftry, diligence, 
 
 SE'CTOR, S. an inltvument ufefuHn allj adidiiity. 
 ihc pra.Qical parts ot" the nuiheipatics. I SF.E, S. [fcJes, Lit.] the feat or Jiftric\ of 
 
 SE'CULAR, Adj. \ feai/ief, ¥1:. fecuhris, \iih\ihop. 
 Lit.] relating to the aflliirs of the prcTeiit i To SKE, Y. A. [pieter. J/aw; part. pad. 
 world, oppofed to f(iritiial or holy. lic\oiig- , fee >: ^ fcor, Sax.] 'I'o perceive by the eye 
 
 jng to the laity. Happening once in an age, 
 from J'ciulurK, Lai. an age. 
 
 StCL'LA'RITY. s"! worldlinefs, or atten- 
 tion to the things of the prcfent lite. 
 
 To SE'CULARIZK, V. A. [ ftcu/tznfcr, 
 Fr.] to convert from holy to common ufc. 
 SE'CULARNESS, S. worldlincfs. 
 SE'CUNDINE, S. [fccondinesjecomhs, Fr. j 
 fccuruia; Lat ] the aftcr-hirth or membrane 
 in which a foetus is wrapped. 
 
 SE'CURE, Adj. \ jeiuritt, Lat.] free from 
 fear, terror, or danger. Carelefs through 
 confidence of being out of the reach of dan- 
 ger. Safe. 
 
 To SE U'RE, V. A. to niake certain, or 
 put out of hazard. To make fafe, or place 
 out of the reach of danger. To infure. To 
 make faft. 
 
 SE'CURITY, S. the ftate of being free 
 from fear of danger. Wanf of care from too 
 
 rigi:ratively, to ohferve or find. Neuteijy, 
 to have the fvnfe of fight To difcttn, 
 fo as to be ftce from deceit, followed by 
 
 SEE, Interj. [the imperative of /i;-] ob- 
 ferve ! behold ! 
 
 SEED, S.f/rf'^,?ax./f.^,Dan./W, Bclg.] 
 the pr6du<rtuf a plant from w hence new plants 
 are produced. An original or firft principle, 
 Progeny, race, or offspring. In m-.-dicine, the 
 thiid by which the fpecies is propagated. 
 To SEED, V. N. to produce feed. 
 SEE'D PEARL, S. fmall grahis of pearl. 
 SEE'D-PLOT, S. the ground on whicU 
 plains are railed from feed. 
 
 i)EE'D-TI V5E, S. the feafon of fowin^. 
 SEE'DLING, S. a young plant raifed from 
 feed. 
 
 SEE'DY, Adj. abounding with feed. 
 SEE'ING, S. the faculty of perceiving by 
 grsat a cpnfidence of fafcty. Any thing given Uhe eye?, 
 as a pledge. A perfon bound for another 5 i SEE'ING, or SEE'ING THAT, Adv. 
 fafety, or certainty. fincc. It being fo tjiat. 
 
 SEDA'N, S. [j'edeBs, Lat.] a kind of car- To SEEK, V. A. [pret. and part. pafT. 
 riage, conveyed by means of poles by two \f'j:igi.t ; j'odgun, Goth.] to look or fearch for» 
 men. To endeavour to gain or find. Neuterly, to 
 
 SEDATE, A'^jr Ifcdatus, Lat.] calm ; make fearch or enquiry. To endeavour. To 
 Hnrulfled. make the object of purluit, followed by 
 
 SEDA'TENESS, S. a difpofiiion pf mind L3/7<.r. To Jeeh, is an adverbial exprefHon, 
 fjrsefrom diflurbance. implying at a lofs, or wjthout expedience or 
 
 SE'DENTARY, Adj. [/t(i<.wa;»T,Fr. A'- experience. 
 dentario, Ital. from /li/c'/.'i, Lat.] palled in fit- SEE'KER, S. one that feeks, or inquires, 
 ting flill, or without motion and aftion. In- To SEEL, V. A. [ fiolLv, Fr. ceh, Lat.] 
 a£f ive or l|uggilh. in falconry, to clofe the eyes. Neuterly ap- 
 
 SE'DENIARINESS, S. the flate of being plied to veflils, to lean on one fide, from 
 fedentary. l/>//^«, Sax. 
 
 SE'DGE, S, \fig(, Aiu). fJTcc^g, Sax.] a fiag, j SEE'LY, Adj. lucky ; foolifh ; fimple. ' 
 
 of the growth of Hjgs. I To SEEM, V.N. [zi^iin>!, Tcut. fien, 
 
 SE'DGY, Adj. overgrown with flags. j Belg./cwi/tr, Fr.] to look alike, appear, or 
 
 SE'DIMENT, S. [Fr. feiUmcntum. Lat.] . have the appearance of. It f ami, fignifies 
 
 that which Aibfides or fettle.'- at the bottom. I liKit there is an appearance only, wjthouc 
 
 SE'DITION, S. [Fr./fJ/m, Lat.] A lu- reality, and at other times it is fynonin\ous 
 
 mult, or infurrecftion. A tumultuous aflcm- to /»/7bof;b. 
 
 hly in order to fubvert an eftablilhed govern- | SEEMER, S. one that carries an appear- 
 niei't. lance. 
 
 SEDl'TIOUS, Adj. [fc<i]tUux,Yv.Jedltlo- ' 
 /ks, Lat.] turbulent; lumultuoufiy factious. 
 
 To SEDU'CE, V. A. [jcduco, Lat.] t-o 
 draw afide from the right. 
 
 SEDU'CEMENT, S. means ufed to draw 
 from the right. 
 
 SEDU'CER, S. a tempter ; a corrupter. 
 SEDU'CIBLE:, Adj. corruptible. 
 SEDU'C riON, S. the aft of drawing slide 
 from the ri'^ht. 
 
 SEDU'LITV, S. [fcdullia; Lat.]intenfe- 
 n?fs ai^d alTiduity of labovr. ...••;• 
 
 SEE'MING, S. fhow. External or fair 
 appearance. Qpinion. 
 
 SEE'MLINESS, S. comelincfsi grace of 
 appearance. , " , 
 
 SEE'MLY, Adj. [fo!,n:meUg^i,Tyzx\. x.hm- 
 Uch, Teut.] decent. Becoming'j' proper or 
 graceful. 
 
 I SEEN, Adj. fkilled. «' Aydl u:r, In mu- 
 ■" ^ic\.:' Shakf. -■■■■'■ — 
 
 SEEN, part, pafliofyif. . 
 SE'ER one who YcVctivc^ objt-fls by the 
 fight. Oiic who laii forcfvc i'ljtuic evtati, 
 
 To
 
 S E L 
 
 To SEE'-SAW, V. A. to move iip and 
 
 io'vn alternately. 
 
 SE£'-SA\V', S. a reciprocating motion. 
 To SEhlTH, V, A. [prefer. //3^, or fictb- 
 ed. part, pad." fodder;, from fcoden, Sax.] to 
 prepare hy hot or boiling water. To boil. 
 To flcep in hot water till all its virtues are 
 lo(l. Neuterly, to boil or be iiot. 
 SEE'THER, S. a boiler; a pot. 
 SE'«MENr, S. [fegmemum, Lat.] a fi- 
 gure contained between a chord and an arch 
 of the circle, or (o much of the circle as is 
 cut o!f bvthat chord. 
 
 SE'GNITY, S. [immjcgnl:, Lat.] flug- 
 jilhnels ; inaflivitv. 
 
 To SEGREGATE, V. A. [/^q-r^^s, Lat.] 
 to fet.apart ; to fsparate from others. 
 
 SEGREGA'TJON. S. [from fegrcgate] 
 reparation from others. 
 
 SEl'GNIOR, or SEI'GNIOUR, S. [fe- 
 r.i:r, Lat. fci^neur, Fr. I a lord. 
 SET GNlbRY,S. \figmurie, Fr.]alordlhip 
 SEEN, S. [figie. Sua. fane, fc>i>:c, Fr.} 
 fee Sean. 
 
 To SEIZE, V. A. [fii/Ir, Fr.] to hold 
 fad hy a fudJcn effort. To take forcible 
 poiTciTion of by law. To have in one's 
 poflefTion. Neuterly, to fix one's grafp on 
 any thini?. 
 
 • SEl'ZIiSr, S. f/j//?;;^ Fr.] the aa of tak- 
 ing pfinefiiun. Any thing poiTcfTcd. 
 
 SEN 
 
 SE'LVAGES, <?. [according to Skinircr 
 from fa!vagf, becaufe it faves the cloth] the 
 edge of cloth, efpcciallv of linen. 
 
 SELVES, plural of Self. 
 
 SE'MBLABLE, Adj. [Fr.J like. " His 
 ^^femblabL; yea himfelf." ShakJ. Oblblcte 
 
 SE'MI? LANCE, S. [Fr.] Iikenc6. Rc- 
 femhhiice. Appearance or fliow. 
 
 SE'MEM, b. [Lat.] feed or grain j the 
 feed of animals or vegetables. 
 
 SE'MI, S. [Lat.] a word ufed in compofi- 
 tion, and fignifying half. 
 
 SE'.MIBREF, S. Ifemlbreve, Fr.] a note 
 in mufic relating to time. 
 
 Sr-MICrRCLE, S. [Jcmidrcuhs, Lat.] a 
 half round j part of a circle divided by tlx« 
 diameter. 
 
 SEMICO'LON, S. [/,«/• and x3x«] a 
 point made thus [;J to note a greater pau£e 
 than that of a cnmma. 
 
 SEMIDI AMMETER, S^\fem] and djame>, 
 nv] half the line, which, drawn through the- 
 center of a circle, divides into two equal 
 parf;. 
 
 SEMILU'NAR. SEMILU'NARY, AJj: 
 [femiluiiuin, PV.j refcmbling in form ahcif 
 moon. 
 
 SEMINA'LITY, S. [from far.er, Lat.j 
 the nature of feed. .The power of beiiȣ 
 produced. 
 SE'MINAL, Adj. [Tx.fiwtn, femlnh, Lat. J 
 
 SEI'ZURE, S, the art of feizing. The I belonging to feed. Contained in the ktA, 
 thing feized. PoflclTion ; gripe. The a£t of Radical 
 
 taking forcible polTcflion of. 
 
 SE'LDOM, Adv. [fuppofed to be con- 
 tra(fljd irom fcldcen, or fcld. Sax.] not fre- 
 quently or often ; rarely. 
 
 ToSELE'Cr, V. A. [fekSIus, Lat.] to 
 chufe by way of preference from others. 
 
 SELE'CT, Adj. chofen from: others 
 account of fuperior excellence. 
 
 SKLE'CTION, S. [Lat.] the aft of 
 chonfinp. 
 
 SELE'NOGRAPHY, S. [j-iX^v), and 
 yiai-j}, Gr.] a defcription of the moon. 
 
 ' SELF, Pron. [V\\xrA, fd-ve: ; Jljba, Goth. 
 fy!f. Sax.] when ufed as an adjeftive, it fig- 
 iiifies very or identical. " That fc'f way." 
 
 SE'MINARY, .S. \feminaire,¥r.] the 
 ground on which any thing is fown. Th« 
 fpot from u hence any thing is brought. A 
 place of education, 
 
 SEMINATION, S. \irom Jemltto, Lat.J 
 the ad of fo wing. 
 
 SEMINI'FICK,orSEMINI'FICAL,Ad>, 
 [femen and f-rch, Lat.] produftive of feed. 
 
 SEMIFL'DAL, Adj. [fcKi and fedis, Lit.] 
 contuinini^ half a foot. 
 
 SEIVirQ_UA'VER, S. in mufic, a note 
 containing half the quantity of a quaver. 
 
 SEMISPHE'RICAL, Adj. belonging to 
 half a fphere. 
 
 SEMITE'RTI AN, S. an ague compound- 
 
 .SJ\}kcf. It is frequently united to the perfona! ed of a tertiar, and a quotidian, 
 pronouns, and then implies a reciprocation, SE'MI-VOWEL, S. A conjfonant which 
 •■■nd {.■: co'iipounJed not only with adjcftives i makes an imperfeifl found, 
 and fubl'lantives, but when united with w^, I SEMPITE'RNAL, Adj. [fempifurnus, 
 •m, and tkem, tiiough contrary to analogy, is Lat.] continual ; perpetual ; without duration. 
 
 ufed as a nominative 
 
 SE'LFISH, Adj. attentive to one's own 
 intercd: with abfolute difregard of others. 
 Mercenary. 
 
 SE'LFISIINESS, S. attention to his own 
 intereft without any regard toothers. 
 
 SE'LF-SHAME, Adj. the very fame. 
 
 .SELL, S. \fc!U, Yr.feUa, Lat.j a faddle. 
 
 To SELL, V. A. [prtt. and part. pafK 
 
 SE'MPSTRESS, S. [fcawjhre, Sax.] fee 
 Seam.^tr ess. 
 
 SE'NARY, Adj, [fen.vms, Lat.] con- 
 fiflinq of fix. 
 
 SE'.VATE. S. [f;:at,Tr.fna:us, Lat.] an 
 aflerably of couniellors, or of men met to- 
 gether to enac't laws, and debate on matters 
 whicli relpeft the (fate. 
 
 SE'NATE-HOUSE, S. a place where a 
 
 fold; [y/lar:, Sax.) to difpofc of any thing for public council meets. 
 
 nioneV. Neuterly, to carry on trade. SE'NAIOR, S. { jenatory Lat. fnatetir^ 
 
 SE'LLER, S, the perfon tliat fells; aJFr.] one that fits in a public council, 
 vender. ' SENA 1 0'RIAIo
 
 SEN 
 
 SENATO'RIAL, or SENATO'RIAN, 
 Ad'}, belonging to the fenate. 
 
 To SEND, V. A. [prct, and part. pafT. 
 j^nt; fandgan, Goth. fcnJa^i, Sax.] to difpatcli 
 from one place to another. To comniilllon 
 to go to another. To emit, inflid, or grant 
 from adidantpkce. To diirufe. To let fly, 
 c;ift or (hoot. Neutcrly, to deliver or dif- 
 patcli a mefliige ; followed by for, to defne 
 a perfon to come by a meilcnger ; to caufe to 
 be brought by another. 
 
 SENE'SCENCE, S. [jhiefco, Lat.j the 
 ftate of growing old. 
 
 SE'NESCHAL, 8. [Fr.] a perfon who 
 formerly had the care of entertainments in 
 great houfes. 
 
 SE'NILE, Adj. [fieUis, Lat.] belonging 
 to old age. 
 
 SE'NIOR, S. [Lat.] one older than, or 
 born before another. An aged perfon. 
 
 SENiCyRITY, S. the <iu3Uty of being 
 horn before another. 
 
 SE'NNIGHT, S. [contra&d for fewn- 
 rigtt] a week. 
 
 SENSA'TION, S 
 the fenfes. 
 
 SEP 
 
 A branch of a penoJ-m 
 
 a few words, 
 writing. 
 
 To SE'NTENCE, V. A. [ fattenckr, Fr.] 
 Topafs the laft judgment. To condemn. 
 
 SENTE'NTIOUS, Adj. [ftntenckux, Fr.] 
 abounding with Ihort periods, or moral 
 maxims. 
 
 SEN TE'NTIOUSNESS, S. ths quality 
 of abounding in pithy fentences. 
 
 SE'NTERY, S. [commonly written and 
 pronounced [entry, corrupted from fcnt'mel'^ 
 one fet to watch m a garrifon or the outlines 
 of an army. 
 
 SE'NTIMENT, S. [Fr.] an idea or no- 
 tion. Scnfe, confidered diftimfHy from lan- 
 guage. A ftriking fentence in compolition. 
 
 SE'NTINEL, S. [fcmincile, Fr.j a foldier 
 who watches to prevent furprize. 
 
 SE'NTRY, S. [cQi-rupted from fentml} 
 fee Sinter Y. 
 
 SEPARABILITY, S. [from feparalk'] 
 the quality of admitting its parts to be brokea 
 or difunited. 
 
 SE'PARABLE, Adj. [Yr. fcparabHh, Lat.] 
 [Fr.]3 perception by 'capable of having the union of its ^arts bro- 
 ken, or disjoined. 
 
 SENSE, S. [fern, Fr. fcnjus, Lat.] the fa. I To SE'PARATE, V. A. [fcparatus, Lat.] 
 culty or power by which we perceive external , to break or divide the parts from each other, 
 objeinj. Figuratively, apprehenfion, applied ! To fever from the reft. To fet apart. To 
 to the mind. Underllanding- Re.ifon, or ' withdraw ; ufed with /j-owj. Neuterly, to part 
 
 leafonable meaning. Opinion. Confcioufnefs. 
 Moral perception. Meaning. 
 
 SE'NSELESS, Adj. void of life, percep- 
 tion, reafon, unJerftandins;, or pity. 
 
 SENSIBI'LITY, S, \jhifibi!ite\ Fr.J 
 quicknefs of fenfation or perception. 
 
 SE'NSIBLE, Adj. [finfibihs, Lat.] hav- 
 ing the power of perceiving bythefenfcs. 
 AtfeiQcd by good or ill, by arguments or pity. 
 Rcafonable or judicious. 
 
 SE'NSITIVE, Adj. having fenfc or per- 
 ception. 
 
 SE'NSITIVE Plant, S. among botanifls, 
 
 fpecies of plant, the leaves and flowers ot' 
 
 from or quit. To be difanited. 
 
 SE'PARATE, Adj. [fiparatus,h3X.'\ di- 
 vided from the reft. Difunited from the other 
 parts. Difengaged orabftra£ted. Apart. 
 
 SEPARATELY, Adv. apart ; fingly. 
 
 SEPARA'TION, S. \Yt. Jeparatk, Lat.] 
 the ad of breaking the union between parts. 
 Difunion. Divorce, applied to marriage, or a 
 ftate wherein the two parties do not live to- 
 gether. 
 
 SE'PARATIST, S. one who quits the 
 communion of the church. 
 
 SEPOSI'TiON, S. [Jepo7to, Lat.] the aft 
 of fetting alide or apart. 
 
 SEPT, S. [from fef-tum, Lat.] is ufed in 
 
 which contracft themfelves when touched, as 
 
 if fenfible of the contaO ; but expand and icompofition, and fignifies feven 
 floHii(h .igain.asfoon as thchand isremoved. I SEPTE'MBER, S. [Lat.] the ninth 
 SENSO'RIUM, or SE'NSORY, S. [Lat.] month of the year; the feventh from March. 
 
 that part wherein the f.nfes tranfmjt their 
 notices or perceptions to the mind. The feat 
 of fcnfe. An organ of fenfation. 
 
 SE'NSUAL, Ad], [finfud, Fr.] confifting 
 in or depending on, fenfe. Pleafmg the 
 fenfes. Carnal, oppofed toipiritual. Devoted 
 to fenfe. Lewd. 
 
 SENSUA'LIT\% S. the quality of being 
 lewd or devoted to corporal pieufutcs. 
 
 ToSE'NSUALIZE, V. A. to plunge in 
 fenfual pleafures, or to fubjed the mind to 
 the fenfes. 
 
 SE/NSUOUS, Adj. tender; pathetic. 
 
 SENT, the participle patTive of Send. 
 
 SE'NTENCE, S. [¥v. Jctuenua, Lat.] the 
 
 SEPTENARY, Adj. [feptemrw, Lat.] 
 confifting of feven, 
 
 SEPTE'NNIAL, M].[feptennh, Lat.]laft- 
 ing feven years. Happeningonce in feven years. 
 
 SEPTt'NTRION, S. [Fr.] the north. 
 
 SE'PTIC, or SE'PTICAL, Adj. [crmFu- 
 jccf , Gr.] in medicine, having the power to 
 produce or increafe putrefadion , 
 
 SEPTUA'GENARY, Adj. [Lat.] confift- 
 ing of feventy. 
 
 SEPTUAGESI'MA, S. the third Snnday 
 before the firfl Sunday in Lent ; fo called be- 
 caafe it was about 70 days before Eafter. 
 
 SE'PTUAGINT, S. [feptiun^hita, Lat.] 
 the ancient Greek vcrfion of the old Tefta- 
 
 ^etermination or dccifion of a judge. Doom.lment, fo called fri>m ihe fuppofition that it 
 Amcral Jnllruitioa or ma.\im, delivered in ' was the work of jcvauy tldcrs. 
 
 j SE'PTULE,
 
 {?. 
 
 S E R 
 
 SEPTUPLE, Adj. \ffftuplcx\ Lat.] I'tven j 
 times as much. 
 
 SEPU'LCHRAL, Adj. [fcpukbral, Fr. 
 
 khraln, Lat.] belonging to a funeral or 
 the grave. 
 
 _ SEPU'LCHRE, S. [(cpuki>re, Fr. fcpul- 
 chrum, Lat.] the cavity in which a dead body 
 IS interred. A grave or monument. 
 
 ToSE'PULCHRE, V. A. [accented on 
 the fecond fyllable by Shakefpeare and Mil- 
 ton ; but by Johnfon and Prior on the firftj 
 to bury. 
 
 SE'PULTURE, S. [Fr. fepultura, Lat. J 
 burial. 
 
 SEQJJA'CIOUS, Adj. [fcquax, fcquach, 
 Lat.] following or attendant. 
 
 SE'QUEL, S. [fcquc!le,¥r.fequela, Lat.] 
 
 S E R 
 
 SE'RJEANT, S. Iff^cr.^, Fr. f^r^etrtr, 
 ital.J an officer who attends on, or executes 
 the orders of magidrates. A petty officer in 
 the army A lawyer of ihehigheft rank un- 
 der a judge. 
 
 SE'RIES, S. fl.at.] an order wherein 
 things regularly follow and are conned^ed 
 with each other. A courfc or fuccelTion. 
 
 SE'RIOUS, Adj. [jc-hux, YT.fcriu!, Lat.] 
 grave or filemn, oppofcd to levity. In eani- 
 elt, oppofed to jeft. 
 
 SERMOCI'NATION, S. [Lat.] the aft 
 or praftice of holding long difcourfcs- 
 . SE'RMON, S. [Fr. fcrv.o, Lat.] a dif- 
 courfe written or fpoken on forrrc text for 
 the inftrudioti of the people. 
 
 SERO'CITY, S. [ferofiu\'Ex.'\zV[Aaox 
 
 the conclufron or fuccecding part. An event, j watery pait of the blood. 
 A confequence or inference. I SE'ROUS, Adj. [/crfuY, Fr./tr;/u;, Lat.] 
 
 SE'QUENCE, S. \ j'equem, Lat.] order of thin or watery, applied to the blood. 
 
 fucceflion. Series. In gaming, cards which 
 follow one another in arithmetical order^ as 
 
 3.4,5- 
 
 SE'QUENT, Adj. [fqucvs, Lat.] follow- 
 ing ; confequential. 
 
 ToSEQUE'STER, V. A. ffcjurjjcr, Tr. 
 fecrejiar. Span.] to quit the fociety of others 
 for the fake of privacy. To put afide or re- 
 move. To withdraw. To deprive the owner 
 of the ufe, property, or poffelTion. 
 
 ToSEt^E'STRATE, V.N. to fcparate 
 from company. Ufed with yVwr. 
 
 SEQUESTRATION, S. [Fr.l retire- 
 ment. Difunion. The (late of being fet afide. 
 Deprivation of the poflcffion, ufe, or profits. 
 
 SERA'GLIO, S. [Perf. pronounced fcra- 
 K->,'\ the palace of a lord or great perfon in 
 Turkey or Perfia. Figuratively, a hoKfe of 
 lewd women. 
 
 SE'RAPH, S.^Heb.] one of the orders of 
 angels ; fo named from the ardour of their 
 devotions. 
 
 SERA'PHIC, or SERA'PHICAL, S. 
 \_J'crapb:juc, Fr.] angelic, or like a feraph. 
 
 SE'RAPHIM, S.thc plural of Seraph. 
 
 SERASfiyi'ER, S. a generalifllmo, or 
 commander in chief of the '1 urkifh forces in 
 Europe. 
 
 SE'RE, Adj. [/i\?na?;,Sax.] dry or withered. 
 
 SERENA'DE, S. Fr. [jcrenatu, Ital. 
 ■<x\\tnct fcrenate in Milton, from fcrmus, Lat.] 
 becaufe praftifed moQly in fair weather] 
 mufic or fongs witlr which lovers entertain 
 their miflrefles in the night. 
 
 To SERENA'DE, V. A. to entertain with 
 muficin tlie night. 
 
 SERE'NE, Adj. [/m«, Fr. /m-wi, Lat.] 
 ■without any diflurbance. Without clouds or 
 rain, applied to the weather. 
 
 SERENITY; SERE'NENESS, S. calm- 
 nefs ; peace; cvennefs of temper; coolnefs 
 of mind. 
 
 SE'RGE, S. Ifo-^f, Tv,' xcrgs, Spn.] a 
 kind of cloth. 
 
 SE'RPENT, "S. [Jerpcvs, Lat.] an 
 animal that has neither wings nor feet, 
 and move."; on the ground like a worm. 
 
 SE'RPENTINE, Adj. [f.rpentinut, Lat.] 
 rcfcmbling a ferpent's winding. 
 
 SE'RATED, orSE'RRATED, Adj. [//- 
 ratus, Lat. j having indentures like the itctli 
 of a fa w. 
 
 SERRA'TION, S. \_fc,ra, Lat.] forirja- 
 tion in tlie fliape of a faw. 
 
 To SE'RRY, V. A. [ferrery Fr. ftrrata, 
 Ital,] to prefs or drive clofe together. 
 
 SE'RVANT, .S. [Fr. fo^jus, Lat.] on« 
 who is hired and obedient to another. A 
 word of civility, implying a readinefs of do- 
 ing good to another. 
 
 To SERVE, V. A. [jerwr, Yt. fert-io, 
 Lat.] to attend ; to obey. To fupply wi;h 
 food. To do bufinefs for another for hire. 
 To fupply with any thing. To obey as a 
 foldier. To promote. To ftand infteadof 
 any thing, followed by for. In Divinity, tft 
 worffiip. Neuterly, to act as a fervant. To 
 be in fubje£lion. To attend. To produce the 
 end defired. To fuit. To conduce. To 
 officiate, or minifter. 
 
 SE'RVICE, S. [f r. fcri-hium, Lat.] btw 
 finefs done for hiie. The attendance of a 
 fervant. Attendance on a fuperior. An ex- 
 prcflion of refpeiff, intimating a being ready 
 to alTIft, or to acknowledge fubjeclion. Obe- 
 dience. Employment. Purpofe. Ufe. Ad- 
 vantage. Favour. The public office of de- 
 votion. A courfe or order of dirties. A paper 
 of fweet-meats. 
 
 SE'RVICEABLE, Adj. [ftrvllTahk, old. 
 Fr.T profitable ; ufeful. A£live ; diligent. 
 
 SE'RVILE, Adj. [fcr;i't', Yx.Jer-vUh, Lat.] 
 flaviflj ; meanly fubmiiTivc, fawning, Oi;' 
 crying. " ' - 
 
 SE'RVILENESS, or SERVILITY, S,', 
 bafe or mean fubmilTion and fibjeftion. Ths 
 condition of a flave. 
 
 Sfi'RVJTOR, S. {fa-vltcur^ Fr.-] a
 
 SET 
 
 S E V 
 
 ffivant. A pcrfcr. of the loweft criJer itn Ttil.] iing tiught to find gan^e^ and ftiow h 
 
 file Linivcrfity, lb called bccjufc fcrving his 1 by laying down near it 
 ^ • _ crcr PT n c r /-.,„/- 
 
 fiipcriors 
 
 SE'RVITUDE, S. fFr. /auir«s, Lat] I 
 tilt ftatc ot a tlivc. Service. 
 
 SE'RUM, S, [Lat.] the thin or watry 
 part of any fluid. 
 
 SK'SC^Ul, a word ufed in cotnpofition, 
 lonowcd from ihc Latiu^ andficjKitying one 
 and a half. 
 . SK'SS, i ffor tijjcfs] a rate or tax. 
 
 SP:'SSI0N, S. |tr./<^/e,I.al.] theaa of 
 fjltlng. An afTembly of magiftrates, or fenu- 
 tors. The time or fpace during which an 
 aflcmhly fits withoutintermilTiou. A meeting 
 of i lift ices. 
 
 SE'STERCE, S. [Fr. Jcjicrtlum, Lat.J 
 among the Romans, a fum about 81. is. 
 and Sd. half-penny 
 
 SLT TLF, S. [je:-oi. Sax] a feat or bench. 
 
 To SETTLE, V. A. to place in a certain 
 or fafe ftate after calamity, or diftiirbance. 
 To fix in anyplace or way of life. To free 
 from ambiguity or doubt. To fix and make 
 certain or unchangeable. To free from change 
 of opinion. To make clofe. To fix infepa- 
 rubiy or firongly, ufed with upon. To make 
 the dregs or fcdimcnts of liquor fall to the 
 bottom.. To put into a ftate of calmnefs. To 
 people a country. Neuterly, to fink and con- 
 tinue at the bottom. To fix one's abode. 
 To chufe or fix a method of life. To reft 
 or grow calm. To make a jointure for a 
 wife. 
 
 SE'TTLEMENT, S. the ad of fettling. 
 The a(fl of giving po/Tcflion. A jointure 
 
 To'SE'T, V. A. fpreter. and part paflive granted a wife. The dregs of liquors. A 
 fat,fitagan, Goth. /<r//^n, Sax.] to pbce or .colony, or place where a colony is eftablifli- 
 put in any fituation, condition or polture. ed 
 
 To regulate or adjuft by fome rule. To fuit 
 or fit with mufic. To plant. To interfper.'e, 
 or mark. To fix or determine, i o place 
 in view or purpofe, as an obje(ft, ufed with 
 before. To ftake .-it play. To fix in metal. 
 To bring to an edge by nibbing on a hone. 
 Ufed witli /rgainji, to oppofe, or to alienate a 
 pcrfuii's atjection from aiio'.her. To Jet apart, 
 to neg!e<rt for a feafon, or referve for feme 
 particular purpofe. Ufed with afuli, to reject, 
 abrogate or omit for the prefent. To fit doivn, 
 to mention in writing or to regifter; to fix, 
 or eftablifh. To fc: forth, todilblay, explain, 
 or place in order or fhew. Uled with t;;, or 
 upon, to incite, or animate; to attack, or 
 allault ; to employ in an affair. To jet out, 
 to begin a difcourfe, or journey ; to adorn, or 
 embellilh ; to raife or equip, applied to fleets 
 or armies,. To fiiow, difplay, recommend or 
 prove. Te fit up, to fiipply with money 
 tor carrying on trade at firft. Neuterly, to 
 fall below the horizon, applied to the fun, 
 &fc. To be fixed. To.be extinguiftied, or 
 unable to fee, applied to ilic eye;. To fct 
 mufick to woids. To c:Ltrh birds by a dog, 
 that lies down and difcovcrs them. 
 
 S^T, fartliip/e, regular ; not loofe or care- 
 Icfs, 
 
 SET, S. a number of things Aiiting each 
 other, and nerefTary to form a whole. Any 
 .thing put into the ground for growth. A 
 vvagi-i .it dice. A game j a fufficicnt nuni- 
 .ber of pcrfons to play a game. 
 
 SE TA'CEOUS, Adj. [ jka, Lat.] briftly ; 
 fet 'Aith ftrong hairs. 
 
 SKTON', S. [Fr. horn faa, Lat.] in fur 
 gery, the ftate of a wound when the fkin i.s 
 taken up by a needle, and kept open by :i 
 iwift of hair or filk that the humours may 
 vent themfelvfs. ' ' 
 
 SF.TT'EE, .S. [fti!, Sax..] aUrgebng 
 feat with a back. 
 
 SE'VEN, Adj. [formerly rpe\t,feawn,{rom 
 filun, Goih.feafoii, Sax.] confifling of four 
 and three, or one more than fix. 
 
 SE'VENFOLD, Aij. [feafon, f^yk, Sax.] 
 repeated, or folded fcven times. 
 
 SE'VENNIGHT, S. [f-vcn and nJght] a 
 week ; the time from one day of the week 
 tc> the next day of the fame denomination 
 preceding or folUwing. It happened oa 
 Monday wasfe'vennigbt, that is, on the Monday 
 before hif Monday ; it will be doneon Monday 
 fcienn-ghty that \S, on the Monday after next 
 Monday. 
 
 SE'VEN-SCORE, S. feven times 20, or 
 140. 
 
 ; SE'VENTEEN, Adj. [feafon tyne. Sax. 
 from feafon. Sax. {t\tn and tyn, Sax. tcnj 
 confifting of feven and ten. 
 
 SE'VEN TEENTH, Adj. { fesfofitcetba,. 
 Sax.] the ordinal of feveHteen, the next after 
 the fixteenth. 
 
 SE'VENTH, Adj. [fecfotla. Sax.] the 
 next in order to the fixth. Seventh day, ufed 
 by the quakers for Saturday. The fc-jei:ib 
 m:nth, ufed by the fame fec^ for July. 
 ^ SE'VENTIETH, Adj. [hundfeofontigctia^ 
 Sax.] the tenth, feven times repeated. 
 
 SEVENTY, Adj. [fbuntiguv, Goth. 
 kurfecf:r:dtig. Sax. ftavaiibi. Run.] fevea 
 times ten. ,.j 
 
 To SE'VER, V. A. {ft-vrzr, Fr.] to pnrt 
 from the reft by force. To diftinguiih, fa- 
 parate, or put into different orders or places. 
 To keep diftinft or apait. Neuterly, to make 
 a reparation or diftim^ion j followed by be- 
 
 SE'VERAL, Adj. unlike each other ; 
 divers 1 many, generally applied to any nunj.- 
 ber more than two. Particular or iingle ; 
 diAinO. 
 
 SE'VERAL, S. a ftate of feparaticn. F.art 
 particular taken fiajly, jjen;raJly uftd in the 
 :>!crrsl, 
 
 SF/VF'
 
 S H A 
 
 SE'VERANCE, S. reparation; partition.' 
 
 SE'VERE, Adj. [Fr. fc-verus, Lat.] apt to 
 blame, or punilh with rigour. Cruel. Sharp, 
 applied to feafbn j clofc, cr concile, applied to 
 language. 
 
 SEVE'RITY, S. the quality of blaming 
 or punifhing with rigour. Cruel treatment. 
 
 SEVOCA'TION, S. [fcicco, Lat.] the 
 art of calling afide. 
 
 To SEW, V. A. [fuo, Lat.] to join or 
 work with threads drawn through by a 
 needle. Neuterly, to work with a needle and 
 thread. To drain a pond of its filh. 
 
 St-'WER, S. [ffc-jyer trancbant, Fr. ajeur, 
 "Ft.] an officer wl)o ferves up a feafh A 
 paflage for water to run through ; now cor- 
 rupted to JJjcre, but derived iiom ifuc, or 
 IffiiCr, One that ufes a needle ■■, from the 
 verb. 
 
 SEX, ?>.[jfxi, IcT.fexi/s, Lat. J that property 
 by which any fpecies is diflinguifned into 
 male and female. 
 
 SEX, from the Latin is ufed in compofi- 
 tion, and fignifies fix. 
 
 SE'XAGENARY, Adj. [fex.^gir.arius, 
 Lat.] aged fixty years. 
 
 SEXAGESIMA, S. [Lat.] the fecond 
 Sunday before Lent ; fo called, becaufc about 
 the 6oth day before Eafter. 
 
 SEXE'NNIAL, Adj. [fix and arma, Lat.] 
 Jafting fix years ; hLippcning once in fix years 
 
 SEX'TAIN, S. lirom/cxtam, fix, Lat.J 
 a ftanza of fix lines. 
 
 SE'XTILE, Adj. f/f.rri/;j, Lat-Jisapofi- 
 fion or afpect of two planets, when 60 de- 
 grees diftant, or at the diftance of two figns 
 Irom one another. 
 
 SE'XTON, S. [corrupted from fuc,-ifta>t'\ 
 an under officer who digs graves ; fometimes 
 applied to the perfon who opeas pews in a 
 church. 
 
 SEXTUPLE, Adj. [fixtuphs, Lat.] fix- 
 fold. 
 
 SHA'BBY, Adj. [Jkafy, Pol. fiaufy, 
 Boh. Jko^, Sclav.J mean, with refpeifl to 
 profc; paultry. 
 
 SHA'BBINESS, S. meannefs; paultrinefs. 
 
 To SHA'CKLE, V. A. [ [ccakeUn, Belg.l 
 to chain, fetter, bind, or deprive of liberty. 
 
 SHA'CKLES, S. [notufed in the fingular, 
 fiacii!, Sax. ficackel, Belg.J chains for pri- 
 ioners; fetters. 
 
 SHADE, S. [fieJc, Sax. fihade, Belg.] 
 theblacknefs made by intercepting the light ; 
 darknefs. A place where the rays of the fun 
 are excluded, i^ny thing which intercepts 
 the light. Shelter. The parts of a piiflure. 
 painted with dark colours. A colour, or gra- 
 dation of colour. The figure formed by in- 
 terception of light. A fpirit. The foul fe- 
 parated from the body. 
 
 To SHADE, V. A. to intercept the light ; 
 to (belter or hide j to cover or fcrceu ; to 
 mark with different gradation^ of colours 3 
 to paint in daik colours. 
 
 S H A 
 
 i SHA'DINESS, S. ffrom Jhady} the fiatff 
 rof being fhady. 
 
 SHADOW, S. ffiaJu, fcadu-we. Sax. 
 JchadiiiL-e, Relg.] the reprefentation of a body 
 I when the light is intercepted; darknefs'; 
 ! (belter formed by intercepting the lighter 
 theat; an obfcurc or dark place; tlie dark 
 ; part of a piclnre ; a ghod, or any thing per- 
 jceptible to the fii;ht ; an imperfeft or fdint 
 ! reprefcntation ; favour or protertir>n. 
 I _ To SHADOW, V. A. to ii^-rcept the 
 j light ; to cloud or darken ; to conceal, hide, 
 or fcrecn ; to protcrt ; to mark with various 
 jgradations of colour or light; to paint in 
 dark colours j to leprefcnt imperfc^ly or 
 typically. 
 
 I SH A'DO W Y, A d j . gloomy ; dark ; opakft 
 Typical ; faintly reprefentativc. Unfubftaii- 
 tial. 
 
 SHA'DY, Adj. full of (bade; free from 
 the glare of light or fultrin«fs of heat. 
 
 SH.AFT, S. [ficaft, Sax.] an arrow ; a 
 narrow, deep, and perpendicular pit, from 
 P?aft, Belg. Any thing (trait, as the fpire of 
 a lleeplc, &c. 
 
 SHAG, S. [ficacga. Sax.] a kind of cloth 
 or (luff, with a long, rough pile of wool or 
 hair. 
 
 SHA'GGED.or SH.VGGY, Adj. rugged, 
 hairy, rough. 
 
 SHA'GREEN, S. [chagrin, Fr.] the /kin, 
 of a fi(h remarkably rough. 
 
 To SHA'GREEN, V. A. [cbagiwer,Fi:] 
 to irritate ; to provoke. 
 
 To SHAKE, V. A. [prefer, yi&wi, part, 
 pad. (haken or jijook \ fieacan. Sax. Jhsckan, 
 Belg.J to put into a vibrating motion ; to 
 move with quick returns backwards and for- 
 wards ; to make to totter or tremble ; to 
 throw down or off by a violent motion ; t«» 
 drive from a refolution, or make afraid. 7s 
 (hake hands, is to pay compliments at meet- 
 ing, or to take leave ; To pjke off, to rid 
 one's felf from ; to free from, or dived. 
 Neuterly, to tremble or to be put into a tre- 
 mulous motion ; to be in terror ; to totter. 
 
 SHAKE, S. a tottering or tremulous 
 motion. 
 
 SHAKESPEAR, [William] was the fon 
 of John Shakcfpear, and was born at Strat- 
 ford upon Avon in Warwicklhirc, April 1564. 
 His father, who was s confiderable dealer in 
 wool, being incumbered with a large family 
 of ten childicn, could afford to give his cldell: 
 fon but a (lender education. He had bred 
 him at a free-l'chool, where he acquired what 
 Latin he was malicr of. However, our au^ 
 thor's father was obliged to withdraw him 
 eaily from fchool, in order to have his affil^- 
 ance in liis own employment, towards fup- 
 porting the reft of the ,f..mily. As to want 
 of learning, Mr. Pope makes the following 
 juft obfervation ; that there is certainly a vaft 
 difference between learning and languages. 
 How far he was ignorant of the latter, 1 can- 
 not
 
 S HA 
 
 S H A 
 
 liot (fays be) cktermine; but it is plain lie ^ nor "by what means to fupport himfelf— At 
 had much readins, at lea ft, if they will not that time coaches not being in ufc, and, as 
 
 call it learning; nor is it any great matter it 
 a man has knowledge, wj'.cthcr lie h.is it 
 from one lanenage or from another. Notliing 
 is more evident, than that he had a taftc tor 
 natural philofophy, mcchunicr, ancient and 
 Unodern hiftory, poetical learning and my- 
 thology. We find him vei7 knowing in tlie 
 cuftoms, ritis, and manners of the Romans. 
 Jn Coriolanus and Julius Caefar, not only the 
 fpirit, but manners of tiie Rcjoians, arc exa(fHy 
 dra*n ; and dill a nicer didinftiiin is Jhcv\n 
 between the manners of the Roniins in the 
 former and the latter. We have tranflations 
 
 gentlemen were nccullomed to ride to 
 the pbyhoufe, Shakeipear, driven to the la!l 
 necc(Tity, went to the piayhoufe door, and 
 picking up rf little money by taking care of 
 the gentlemen's horfes who came to the play, 
 he became eminent even in that profeiTIon, 
 snd was taken notice of for his diligence and 
 Ikiil in it ; he had fcon more buiinefj than 
 he himfelf could manage, and at laft hired 
 boys under him, who were kno vn by the 
 niime of Shakefpear's bov.^ ; fome of the 
 players accidentally convening with him, 
 found him fo acute, and mafler of fo fine a 
 
 from Ovid, publilhed in his name, among converfation, that (Iruck therewith, they re- 
 thofe poems which pafs for his, and for Tome i commended him to the houfe, in \Uiich he 
 of which, we have undoubted aiuhority, be- 1 was firft admitted in a very low ftition ; but 
 ing pubiilTied by himfelf, anddcdicatcd to thei he did not long remain fo, forhefoon diflin- 
 ca.\l of Southampton. He appears alfo tojguiflicd himfelf, if not as an e^xtraordinnry 
 have been convcrfant with Flaiitns, (rom ' atlor, at leaft as a fine writer. Hisname is 
 whence he has taken the plot of one of hi? j printed, as the cudoni was in thofe times, 
 plays: he follows the Greek authors, and i among!! thofe of the other player":, before 
 particularly Dares Phrygius in another ; al- fom.e old plays, but without any par:icu!ar 
 though I will not pretend, continues Mr. account of what fort of parts he ufcd to play ; 
 Pope, to fay in what language he read them, j and Mr. Rowe fays, " Tl'at though he very 
 Dr. Warburton has Ihongly contended for " carefully cnqured, he found the top of his 
 Shukefpear's learning, and has produced iTj.iny " performance was the gholl: in his own 
 imitations and parallel pallages with ancient i " Hamlet." " I fliould have been much 
 authors. Upon his quitting the grammar-] " more pieafcd . continues Rowe, to have 
 Ichrol he fcems to have entirely devoted j" learned from fome certain authority, which 
 himfelf to that way of living, which his f_- " was the firll play he writ." The highcfl 
 ther propofedj and in order to fettle in the 'date which Rowe has been able to trace is 
 world, after a family manner, thought fit to i Romeo and Juliet, 1597, when the author 
 marry while he was yet very young. His 'was 33 years eld; and Richard II. and I [£ 
 wife was the daughter of one Hatchway, fai.l the next year. Though the order of tim.e in 
 to have been a fubftantial yeoman in the' whicli his feveral pieces are written be genc- 
 neighbourliond of Stratford. Jri tliis kind , rally uncertain, yet tlurc ate pafliges in fom: 
 ofdomedic obfcurity, lie continued for fome' few of them, that feein to fix th.cir dates. So 
 time, till by an unhappy inifance of mif- 1 the chorus at the erd cf the fourth a<n: of 
 conduift, fic was obliged to qu't the place of I Henry V. by a compliment very lian<!fomciy 
 his nativity, and take (liciter in London ; i turned to the earl of £(TL-x, (hews the play to 
 which luckily proved the occafion of difplay-l have been written when tl;at loi-d was genera! 
 ingoneof the greatert geniufcs that ever w>-.s'to the queen in freland ; and his ologium 
 known in dramatic poetry. He had the mnj upon queen Elizabetli, and her fiicccfior, 
 fortune to fall into ill company: among ! king James, in the latter end of his Henry 
 thefe were Ibme who made a frequent pr;ic-jVIIT. is a proof of that play's being wiittea 
 tice of deer- Ilea ling, and who engaged him 1 after the accedion of the latter of thcfe two 
 more than once ill robbing a park that be- ! princes to the throne of P'nolund. Queen 
 longed to Sir Thomas Lucy, who was, it is; Elizabeth had feve'-alof his plays aOed before 
 faid, afterwards ridiculed by Sba.kefpcar, ua- | her 3 and that princefs \va= too quick a difcern- 
 der the well known character of Julticeler, and rcwarder of merit, to furftr that of 
 Shallow. It is at this time, and upon thi,> Shakefpear to be neg!c£led. She was fo well 
 accident, that he is faid to have made his firft; pleafed with the adm.irable charafler of Fa!- 
 acqualntance in the piayhoufe. We fhall here! ftatF, in the two parts of Henry ,]V. that ihe 
 relate a ftory which Sir William Davenant | commanded him to continue it in one play 
 told Mr. Bctterton, who communicated it to more, and to make hini n love. This is 
 IMr. Rowe ; Rowe told it Mr. Pope, and faid to have been the occafion of his w'riting 
 Pope toid it to Dr. Newton, -the late editor of; the Merry Wives of Windror. How well 
 Milton, and from a aentfeman, who heard it j flie was obeyed the play itfelf is a proof. It 
 from him, it is here related. It •.- concern- ! appears by the epilogue to Henry IV, that the 
 ing Shakefpear's fiift appearance in the play- part of Falftatf was written criginally under 
 houfe. When he came to London, he was the name of Oldcaftie. Some of that family 
 without money or friends; and being a being then rem.Tining, theqieeiwas pleafed 
 fliraagcr, he knew not to whom to apply, to command hiru to dur it j u^jon which he
 
 S tt A 
 
 inade ufe of the nameof FalftalF. Shakffpear, 
 feefidcs the queen's homity, was patronifed by 
 the earl of'Southamptoiijfamousin the hiftory 
 ot that time fdv his fricndlhip to the unfor- 
 tunate earl of EfTcx. It was to that nobleman 
 he (dedicated his poem of V'tnns and Adonis ; 
 Slid it is repotted, that his lordfliip gave our 
 author icoo I to enable him to j;o through 
 with a puicbafc he heard he had a mind to 
 niake. His acquaintance with Ben Johnfon 
 began with a remarkable piece of humanity 
 and good nature > Mr. Johnfon, whowasat 
 that time alii>gethcr unknown to the world, 
 had offered one of hi:> plajs to the ftage, in 
 order to have it acfted, and the perfon into 
 whofe hand it was {tut, hiving turned it 
 cirrlef-ly over, was ju(l upon returning it to 
 him with an ill-natured anfwer, that it would 
 
 S H A 
 
 phyfician of good reputation in that county. 
 Siie left one child, a daughter, who was mar- 
 ried to Thomas Nalh, Efq ; and afterwards to 
 Sir John Bernard, of Abington, hut died like- 
 svife without ifli^e. His dramatic writings 
 were firft publiftied together in folio, 1623, 
 by feme of the a^orsofthe diflcrent com- 
 panies they had been acted in, and perhaps 
 by other fervants of the theatre, into whofe 
 hands copies might have fallen. Thc^ have 
 been rcpublidied by Mr. Rowe, Mr. Pope, 
 Mr. Tlieobald, Sir Thomas Hanmer, and 
 DodTor Warbuitori_ Our age has had the 
 honour of railing a monument in Weftmin- 
 Uer-Ahb^ ; to efre(fl which, the tragedy of 
 Julius Cacfar was a(fted at the theatre-royal 
 in Drury Lane, April 18, 1738, and the pro- 
 fits arilfng from it depofited in the hands of 
 
 be of no fervice to tlieir company ; w-hen |the earl of Btirlington, Mr. Pope, Dr. Mead, 
 Shakefpear, luckily calling his eye upon it, land others, in order to be laid out upon the 
 found fomething lb well in it, as to engage | faid monument. A new prologue afjd epi- 
 him firft to read it through, and afterwards j logue were fpokeft on that occsfionj thcpro- 
 to recommend Mr. Johnfon and his writings loone was written by Benjamin Martyn, tfq; 
 to the public. The latter part of the author's ' the epilogue by the hononrable James Noel, 
 life was fpeut in eafe and retirement ; he had 1 Ei'q ; and (poke by Mrs. Porter. On Shake- 
 the good fortune to gather an eftate equal to j (pear's monument is a noble epitaph, taken 
 liis wants, and in that to his willi, and is faid from his own Tempeff, as follows : 
 
 10 have fpent fome years before his death in 
 his native Stratibrd. His pleafant wit and 
 good nature engaged him in the acquaintance, 
 and entitled him to the friendlhip of the gen- 
 tlemen of the neighbourhood. Jt is flill re- 
 membered in that county, that he had a par- 
 ticular intimacy with one Mr. Combe, an old 
 gentleman, noted thereabouts for his wealth 
 
 The cloud capt towers, the gedrgcons pa- 
 laces. 
 The folemn temples, the grett globe itfelf, 
 "Yea, all which it inherit, (hall diflolve. 
 And, like the bafelefs fabric of a vifion 
 Leave not a wreck behind. 
 SHALL, V. Dcfea. (from /2<3/, Goth, of 
 fccol. Sax.] as this is by foreigners confound- 
 
 and ufury. it happened that in a pleafant ' ed with iviH. the tnture, from tuiUan, Sax, it 
 cooverfationamongll their friends Mr. Combe | Hjould be obferved that «•«/ implies refolutioa 
 merrily told Shakelpear, that he fancied he I to Jo fomething at a future time, and /huU 
 intended to write his epitaph, if he happened |„nly a pofTibiiity of doing it. 
 
 to outlive him ; and fincehe could not know 
 Avhat might be faid of him when dead, he de- 
 fired it might be done immediately ; upon 
 which Shakefpear gave him thcfe lines. 
 Ten in the hundred lies licre engrav'J, 
 
 SHALLO'ON, S. a flight woollen fluff. 
 
 SHA'LLOP, S. Ichaku^ci Fr.j a fmalJ 
 boat. 
 
 SHA'LLOW, Adj. [fuppofed to be com- 
 pounded from fica/, otjhitc, and 'otv'] rot 
 
 'Tis a hundred to ten his foul is not fav'd : jdecp, or at a fniall diflance from the furface; 
 If any man aJketh who lies in this tomb .' : not very knowing or wife, applied to the un- 
 
 Oh ! oh ! quoih the devil, 'tis my JoLn-a uerllanding ; rot deep, applied to found. 
 
 Combe. SH.VLLOW, S. a place wherein the water 
 
 Eut the foarpncfs of the fatire is faid to lis not deep, or tlic bottom of a channel is not 
 hive lluugthc man fo feverely, that he never at agre;itdiftanccfrom the furface of the water. 
 «<,reiveit. Shakefpear died in the 53d year SHA'LLOW- BR A iNF-t>, Adj. foolhh. 
 of hisage, and v.'as buried on the north fide SHA'LLOWNESS, S. want of depth, or 
 of the chancel, in tlic great church at Stiat- 'thought. 
 
 ford, wheie a moiiunient is pl.iccd on the] SHALT, S. the fcconJ perfon of fhaH, 
 u-iU. The follok\liig is the infcription on '.which is thus declined ; \fl.'iiU^ doujhalt, he 
 \\\^ Rrave (lone : l/oa/V; acconling to the Saxon, Ic Jceal^ thu 
 
 Good friend, for Jefus fake forbear, Ucealt, he fitJ>I. 
 
 'l"o di<; the duft inclofed here. [ To SHAM, V. A. \fJ:cn.n:!, Rrit.] to 
 
 Biclt be the n- an that fpares thcfe flones, Icheat by faJfc pretences. To obtrude by 
 
 And curit be he that moves my bones. 1 fraud or folly. 
 He had tiiree da«ighte:s, of whom two lived SHAM, S. a fraud or trick. The z€t of 
 to he married; Judith, the elder, to Mr. | pvitting on the appearance of what a perfon is 
 '! hom..s (.Jjiincv. by whom Q.ehad tlireefo.ns jijiot. An impofior. A fhirt or flceve worn 
 wlio a!! died without children ; and Sufannah, 1 over another to hide the dirt. 
 v.lie*„5 his favourite, to Dr. John Hall, aj SHAM, Adj. falfcj counterfeit j pretended.
 
 S H A 
 
 SHA'MBI.ES, S, [Jcannagfia^ Tlal./'^ws/ 
 ^ix. fchtimnt'/y Belg.j a place «^iere cattle arc, 
 Jkilled, or meat is expofed to fale, 
 
 SHA'MBLING, Acij. [fee Scamblikg] 
 moving in an auk-Aard manner. 
 
 SHAME, S.[fce.v?!, SaK.fibaimfu^Bdg. 
 Jhamagame, Belg.j an uneafiiiers arifiiTj in the 
 min4 from a con.'"i'ioufnef<; of haviKi; done 
 fomething that may wound one's reputation 
 or bring difgrace. The caufe of Ihame. :p.e- 
 gard for one's reputation. Reproach. . .- 
 
 To SHAME, V. A. [ fee the noww pa- 
 mahiti, Sclav.] to make a perfon bluth by 
 convincing him that he has done fomething 
 which will forfeit him the cfteem of others, 
 or ruin his reputation. 
 
 SHA'ME-FACED, Adj. ealily bluruing; 
 eaftly put out of cou-^ tcnance. 
 
 SHAME-FVCf.ONESS, 'S. the qiir.lity 
 of being too fc-artui of lofing the eflcem of 
 others, or doing fomething that may give 
 them a bad opinion. , 
 
 SHA'MEFUL, Adj.fuchas ought to make 
 a perfon hkifh. Infamous. 
 
 SHA'MELE?S, Adj. wanting fhame, or 
 blufhing at nothing. Ilegardlefs of the efteem 
 or opinion of others. 
 
 SHA'MELESSNESS, S. impudence ; im- 
 modefty. 
 
 SHA'MMER.S. a counterfeit orimpoftor. 
 A low word. 
 
 SHA'MOIS, S. [ pronouncedy&awjf, from 
 cham'jh,Yx,'\ akindofwildgo.it. 
 
 SHAMO'Y, or SHAM'MY Leather, S. 
 leather made of the fkin of a fhamois, much 
 clteemed for its warmth and fut'tnefs. 
 
 SH.VMROCK, S. [Ir,] a kind of three- 
 leaved grafs. 
 
 SHANK, S. [fcearl-ca,Si^.fchenhcl, Belg.] 
 the middle joint of the leg. Th« bone of a 
 leg. The long part of an inftrument. " The 
 ** y^a»/i of a key." Moxcii. 
 
 SHA'NKKR, S. [chancre, Fr.] an excrc 
 fcence appearing in venereal diforders. 
 
 To SHAPE, V. A. [prefer fi^ipcd ; part. I 
 ■^z'X pjafed O'i Jhapert -^jcheapcn,jc\ppan, Sax. J 
 to form or mould in a particular figure. To 
 adjuft. To imagine or conceive. j 
 
 SHAPE, S. the form or figure of any I 
 thing. The make of the body. A form, or | 
 perfon of a particular form. An idea, or pat- 
 tern. In low converfaf'on, manner. 
 
 SHA'PELESS, Adj. wanting regularity or 
 fymmetry, 
 
 SHA'l^ELINESS, S. beauty or ptop9<;tion 
 •fform. 
 
 SHA'PELY, Adj. well made or formed. 
 
 SHARD, S. {^'chaerder, Y\. jknda,li\.^ a 
 fra;'ment or piece of a broken eartheii velltl. 
 A plant, from chard, Fr. a filli. 
 
 To SHARE, V. A. [/.vjrjw./fyrd/vSax. 
 . Jkaia, Goth.] to divide or part auwng m^ny. 
 To partake with others. To cut w feparate. 
 Neuterly, to have a pjrt., 
 
 SHARE, S. a portion, part, or dividend. 
 
 The b!:iJe of a plough that cuts the'groufid, 
 from/aw,; Sax. [chaw, Teut, ' ' ' ' 
 
 SHARKER, S. a divider : -one who parti- 
 cipates any thing 'sath others. . 
 
 _SHARK, S.. a ravenous fca-fi(h, which 
 will fever a man in two at a bile". A fly grtcdy 
 fell(3w. Trick j, fraud. 
 
 To SHARK, V. A. to pick up haftily or 
 llily. Ncuterlv, to cheat ;'io ti'ck.' 
 
 sharp; Adj. [y;:f^^;:^,'.Sax, 5, '^ "' 
 
 having a keen ed^e, or a)i'acur' 
 ingenious, <-ir invv;i)tlve, applif;.. . . .;.„ ..... - 
 Quick, applied to hearing, feeing, or nndci •■ 
 Ifanding. .Sour, applied to tafte. Slirii!. 'k^.- 
 plicd^to found. Severe, or cruel, applied to 
 fcafon or ciirpontlon. PainfuK Fierce, ap- 
 plied to cont<.(l. Attentive or vigilant, fol- 
 lowed by iQok out. Subtle. IT:ird. Lean. 
 
 SHARP, S. an acute found. A pointed 
 weapon. . 
 
 To SH AR P, v. A. to itiake keen. Neu- 
 terly, to pby thie'viih tricks* 
 
 To SKA'RPEN, V. A. to make keen or 
 pointed. To make quick, applied to the un- 
 derflanding. To er.ciesfe the appetite. 'I o 
 make fnrili or four. 
 
 SHA.'RPER,. S. a perfon who deprives 
 olher,s of tlieir property by fraud. 
 
 . SH A'RPUY, Adv. , fmartly 5 feverely ; 
 acutely^ . .' 
 
 SHA'RPNES.S,"'S. the qii2iit3'.of cutting 
 or piercing eafiJy. Sournefs, applied to taite. 
 Severity, applied to hiiguage or treatment. 
 Painfuloefs. 'j^icknefs of apprehenfion, ap- 
 plied to the nijnd or feiifes. i^ 
 
 SHA'Rl'-SET, Adj. hungry. Eager or 
 vehemently dcllrous. 
 
 SHA'RP-VIsAGED, Adj. having a thin 
 or lank counteg?nce. 
 
 To SKA.TTEa-,,.V. A. {fcbettc,en,.?.c\g.'] 
 tp-break into .'manf pieces. Neuterly, to 
 break into fragments by a fail or any force. 
 
 SHA'TTER, S. a fragment of a thljig 
 broken into ftvcral pieces. 
 
 SHATTERBRAINED, or SIIATTFR- 
 PATEO, Adj. crazy-headed J inattentive j 
 not confiftcnt 
 
 To SHAVE> y. A. \TpreXcv.(Jjat<ed ; part. 
 ^iVi. pavtn QK fjei'vcd, i'lom f(eiij'an, S*x..] to 
 cut hair by a r<tzor. - To cut clofe. -To ftini 
 by.pafliiig lightLy-ovei'. Tq cut in ihin filcesf 
 to llrip or opprcls Ly eKtortion. - 
 • SHA'VER, S. one that pr,a<f^ifts the art 
 of Ihav.klgi ouc ckilLly attentive to his own 
 intereft; a robber. 
 
 syAJVIN^j. S.' any -thin pi;ce pared off 
 from a body. ' ._ »-'-.i. 
 
 SitAW,; S. [-fcia, Sax. frho-we, -Bclg. 
 j,J«jr^, Ifi.l a thicket oj- fniall wood. 
 ,: !ytIA't^AN.:3KR, S. among the. I'trfians, 
 ■a |>jpat <ifficer V .a viceroy. 
 
 SH A' W-FO W L, 5. an artificial bird, made 
 iarfowifrs (» (hoot at. 
 i.'^SH^WM, S., [JcowwmSf Teut.j a baut« 
 boy or cornet. 
 
 3 a SHE-
 
 SHE 
 
 SHE, Pron. [in the oblique cafes, her,\ 
 fmmf., Goth. ye or Jeo, Sax. J the pronoun 
 demon (trative o; the fetrinine gender, allud- 
 ing to fome woman mei tioncd before, and 
 Ibmetimes ufed abfolutely tor a female or wo- 
 man. The female of any fpecies, 
 
 SHEAF, [^\wA fljca-jis-Jmm fccaf. Sax.] 
 corn tied in a bundle after mowing. Any 
 bundle orcolleftion of things tied together. 
 
 To SHEAR, V. A. [preterT^iori? vx fl: ear- 
 ed, part. ^&{[.Jk6y):, fcearan. Sax. J to cut by 
 two blades moving on a rivet. 
 
 SHEAR, or SHEARS, S. [feldom ufed 
 in thefmgular,/iY^/i;,Sax.J an inflrument to 
 cut, confilling of two blades moving in a ri- 
 ver, between which the thing to be cut is 
 placed J dilinguilhed from fd£'ors, becaufe 
 longer A year, applied to the ageof fheep. 
 
 SHEA'RER, S. one that clips with (hears, 
 particularly one that fhearslheep. 
 
 SHHATH, S. [fccatke, Snx.fard, Brit.] 
 the cafe of any thing. The fcabbard of a 
 weapon. 
 
 To SHEATH, or SHEATHE, V, A. 
 [fchttban, Sax.] to put into a cafe or fcab- 
 bard. To defend or prefcrve by an outward 
 cafe or covering. 
 
 To SHED, V. A. [fcedan, Sax.] to poui 
 out, or fpill. Neuterly, to let fall in parts. 
 
 SHED, S. [fnppofed to be corrupted from 
 Ihaeie] a flight covering or pent-houfe. In 
 compofition, it implies elTufion or fpilling, as 
 ♦' blood Jhed.'" 
 
 SHE'DDER, S. a fpiller ; one who fteds. 
 
 SHEEN, or SHEE'NY, Adj. glittering j 
 fhewy ; bright. 
 
 SHEEN, S. brightnefs ; fplendor. 
 
 SHEEP, S. \^\m.Jheep;fccat, Sax. plur. 
 feep,fcI:aep,Be\g.] the animal whofe hide is 
 covered with wool, and whofe fielh is called 
 mutton, figuratively, an ignorant and filly 
 perfon. 
 
 SHEET- COT, S. a fmall inclofure for 
 (heep. 
 
 SHEE'P-FOLD,S. [fceapa-Jold, Sax.J an 
 inclofure for fneep. 
 
 SHEE P-HOOK, S. a hook faflcned to a 
 pole, ulcd by (hcpherds. 
 
 SHEE'PISH, Adj. bafliful; Qvcr-modeft ; 
 tlmoroiifly and meanly diffident, 
 % SHEE'PISHNESS, S. balhfulnefs; mean 
 and timorous diffidence. 
 
 SHEE'P-SHEARING, S. the time, or 
 feaft made, when Iheep are flieaied. 
 
 SHEE'P'S-EYE, S. a modeft or diffident 
 look call by l,overs at each other. 
 
 SHEER, /^dj. [fcyre, Sax. Jkyr, li\.jezry, 
 Pol.] pure, clear, unmingled. 
 
 SHEER, Adv. clean ; ^uick ; at once. 
 
 To SHEER, V. A. fee Shear. Neuterly, 
 Xojheer of; to fteal or flip away. 
 
 SHEET, S. [fceate. Sax- fxaca, JJata, 
 Pol. j a broad or large piece of linen. The 
 linen of a bed. In a fliip, the ropes bent to 
 the clews of the f*ilsi figuratively, the can- 
 
 S H I 
 
 vasof the fail. As much paper as is made at 
 once. Any thing expanded. 
 
 SHEE'T-ANCHOR, S. the largert anchor 
 in a (hip. 
 
 To SHEEP, V. A. to fupply or furnifb 
 with /heets. To cover. 
 
 SHEKEL, S. a Jewifti coin valued at 
 2S. 6d. rierling. 
 
 SHELF, S. \^\Mr.Jhel'ves;f€ylf, Sax.fcelf, 
 Belg.] a board placed edgeways againft a 
 wall on a fupporter, fo that any thing may 
 be placed on it. A fand bank or fliallow part 
 of the fea. 
 
 SHELVY, Adj. full of fliallows, fand 
 banks or rocks. 
 
 SHELL, S.[fceal,fcyn, Sa\. fchalejchells, 
 Belg. j the hard covering or external cruftof 
 any thing. The hard covering in which fi(h, 
 fnjils, &c. arc lodged. The covering of the 
 feeds of fuch plants as have pods. Tiie out- 
 ward part of a houfe. The external part. A 
 kind of rough coffin in which dead bodies arc 
 laid till that in which they are to be interred 
 is finiflied. 
 
 To SHELL, V. A. to take off the (hell. 
 To (trip ofTihe fliell. 
 
 SHE'LTER, S. [according to Skinner 
 fr^m /Jjel/ ; but according to Davies from 
 fi:y!d, SdX a fliieldj a cover from external in- 
 jury or violence. Aproteftor. The date of 
 being protedled. 
 
 To SHE'LTER, V. A. to cover, defend, or 
 proteift from external violence. To go under 
 a cover, followed by under. To conceal. 
 Neuterly, to make ufe of a flicker. 
 
 SHE'LVING, Adj. [from_/2>^/^jflopingj 
 declining. 
 
 SHE'LVY, Adj. fliallow ; rocky. 
 
 To SHEND, V. A. [pret, and part. palT. 
 /hent, from fcenden, Sax. fchenden, Belg. J to 
 ruin, fpoil, difgrace, or blame. 
 
 SHE'PHERD, S. {j'ceapbyrd. Sax.] one who 
 tends fheep. Figuratively, a minifler. 
 
 SHEPHER'DESS, S. a woman that tenA 
 flicep. 
 
 SHERBE'T, S. [Jharbet, Arab.] the juice 
 of lemons or oranges mixed with water and 
 fugar. Lemonade. 
 
 SHE'RIFf , S. [plural prkves. Scyre- 
 gerefa, Sax.J an officer of a county, who is 
 to fee the king's orders executed ; to im- 
 pannel juries j bring caufes and criminals to 
 trial, &c. 
 
 SHE'RIFFALTY, SHE'RIFFDOM, 
 SHE'RIFFSHIP, or SHE'RIFFWICK, the 
 office or jurifdiiftion of a flieriff. 
 
 SHE'RRIS, or SHE'RRY, S. [from 
 Xeres, a town of Andalufiaj a kind of Spanifti 
 wine. 
 
 SHIDE, S, [fceadan, Sax, to divide] a 
 board ; a cutting. 
 
 SHIELD, S. [fcylde, Sax, fcMld, Belg. 
 and Teut. J^ield, Dan. j a broad piece of de- 
 fen five armour held on the left arm to ward 
 •ff darts or blows. Defence or ptote£lion. 
 
 A pro-
 
 S H I 
 
 S H O 
 
 A proteftor. In heraldry, the fcutcheon by rocks, fhailows, or fhelves. The pan 
 
 fliip. Dcnru<ftion or mif. 
 
 on which the beaniigs of an armory are 
 placed. 
 
 To SHIELD, V. A. [fcyldafi, fcecldan. 
 Sax.] to cover with a Ihield. figuratively, 
 to defend. 
 
 To SHIFT, V. A. \Jk}pta, Run. a change, 
 fc'ppa>e,lt?A.] to change place. To change 
 or give place to fomethingetfe. To change 
 cloaths, efpecially linen. To find fome ex- 
 pedient for fubfiiience or fafety. To pra^ife 
 indired methods, Adlively, to change or 
 alter. Followed by aivay, to fend a perfon 
 away by fome expedient. To change the po- 
 fition of a thing. To change cloath.s, or drefs 
 in freth ones. Ufed with off, to defer, or fend 
 away by fome expedient. 
 
 SHiFT, S. an expedient in order to free 
 one's felf from a prefling neceffity, A mean 
 expedient, or laft refource. An evafion or 
 artifice. A linen garment worn by women 
 next their bodies. 
 
 SKITTER, S. a fly, artful fellow. 
 SKI'LLING, S. [from fci.y, Sax. becaufe 
 of the fhicld thereon] a filver coin in value 
 12 pence, or the twentieth part of a pound 
 ilerling. There were iione coined till 1504, 
 and thefe Stow calls groats 3 but Fabian, 
 mentions them under their proper name, 
 34 Hen. VIII. 
 
 SHILL-I-SHALL-Y, Adv. [a corrupt re- 
 duplication of y&a// 7. ?J hefitating : in fuf- 
 pence. 
 
 SHI'LY, Adv. not famiharly. 
 SHIN, S: [fcina, Sax. fchien, Teut.] the 
 forepart of the leg. 
 
 To SHINE, V. N. [^rttn. I Jhone, or 
 havejhone, and fomctimes I [hined or have 
 Jhined, Uomjkknan, Goth.] to gliften ; to 
 emit light or brightnefs. To appear gloiTy. 
 To be gay, beautiful, confpicuous or eminent. 
 Followed by upen, to (hew favour, or be pro- 
 pitious. To ^ilighten. 
 
 SHINE, S. fpkndor or brightnefs. 
 SHl'NESS, S. [from fiy] the quality of 
 being unwilling to be familiar. 
 
 SHI'NGLES, S. [wants the fingular, from 
 ttngu'um, Lat.]a herpes confining of puflules 
 breaking out in various parts of the body, 
 which it furrounds like a belt. Small pieces 
 of wood in form like a wedge, ufed in cover- 
 ing roofs inflead of tiles. 
 
 SHIP, a termination ufed in compofition, 
 borrowed from the Saxon, fc!p,fcy/>, or /chip - 
 fen, Belg. and fignifies office or employment. 
 SHIP, S. [Jkip, Goth, and Id. fcip, Sax. 
 Jkipare, Daa. fcljip, Jchipper, Belg.' fchiff, 
 Teut ] a large hollow buiiding with decks, 
 made to pafs over the fea with fails. 
 
 To SHIP, V. A. to put or tranfport in 
 a fiiip, 
 
 SHiTBOARD, S. feldom ufed but ad- 
 Terbially, as o jhlpLoard, ox on Jhiphoard, i, e. 
 within a (hip. 
 
 SHIPWRECK, S. the deftruaion of ibips I through with fpeed 
 
 ( 3Hz 
 
 of a fl)attered 
 carriage. 
 
 To^SHI'PWRECK, V. A. to deflroy by 
 dathmg on rocks or (helves. To reduce to 
 a deplorable condition. 
 
 SHIPWRIGHT, S. r, builder of (hips. 
 SHIRE, S. [pronounced fheer, from fsire. 
 Sax. of /draft, SaK fiyre, Eife] a divifion 
 of a country. A part of a kingdom under 
 the (heriff. 
 
 SHIRT, S. [fcyre, frync, Sax. ' Jlkrt, 
 Dan. skiria, Ifl.] the under linen garment of 
 a man. 
 
 To SHIRT, V. A. to cover or clothe with 
 a fhirt. 
 
 SHI'TTIM, S [Heb.] a kind of precious 
 wood, hard, rough, fmooth, without knots, 
 growing in Arabia, and mentioned in the 
 Pentateuch. 
 
 To SHI'VER,V. A. [rb^-zvr,T!, Teut.] 
 to quake or (hudder with cold or fenr. To 
 fall at once into many parts, from fchi^yve, 
 Belg. a (lice. 
 
 SHI' V£R, S. a fragment of a thing broken 
 into many pieces, 
 
 SHOAL, S. Ifccek, Sax.] a throng or 
 multitude. A fand bank or (hallow place. 
 
 To SHOAL, V. N. to throng or croud 
 together. To be (hallow. 
 SHOAL, Adj. Ihallow. 
 SHOA'LY, Adj. full of (hallows. 
 SHOCK, S. [/Aflf, Fr. Jhoci:«, ^t\g. fkoh, 
 Sclav. Pol. Dalm.] the force with which tv\o 
 bodies moving in contrary direcftions meet. 
 Mutual violence or concurfion. The conflift 
 of armies. An offence. A pile of flieaves of 
 corn, fromjhucke, old Belg. A rough dog : 
 a fhort head of hair, from J]jagg. 
 
 To SHOCK, V. A. [fchceker, Belg. /»- 
 clt'i. Boh. fee Shake. ] to fhake by violence. 
 To ofTendor difguft. Neuterly, to be offen- 
 five. 
 
 To SHOCK, V. N. [from the noun] to 
 build up piles of fheaves. 
 
 SHOD forfioed, the preter. and part. pafl". 
 of Shoe. 
 
 SHOE, S. [plural Jhoes, formerly poon ; 
 from sko, Goth.] a cover for the foot. 
 
 To SHOE, V. A. [preter and part. pall. 
 Jhod] to fit with, or put on, a (hoe. j 
 
 SHOEMAKER, S. one whofe profcfUFn 
 is to make (hoes. 
 
 To SHOG, V. A. fee Shake or Shock, 
 
 SHONE, thepreter and part.pafT of pint. 
 
 SHOOK, thepreter of Jhake. 
 
 To SHOOT, V. A. [preter Jhot, part. 
 
 pafr.y^c.', or fnotten, ; fccorer., Sax. jchittcn, 
 
 Belg.] to difcharge any thing fo as to make 
 
 it fly with fpeed and violence. To difchargc 
 
 from a bow or gun. To let off. To hit with 
 
 any thing difcharged from a bow or gun. To 
 
 fprout or grow, applied to vegetables. 'J'o 
 
 emit or dart^ To pufh forward. To paf. 
 
 To be emitted. To 
 
 protuberaw
 
 S H O 
 
 S H O 
 
 protuberate or (lick out, foUowccl by o;(f. To ! again fl the bottom of a river. To pu(h or 
 
 become any thing fuJJenly, iifed with up 
 To move along fwiftly- To be affefted with 
 a quick and intermitting pain. 
 
 SliOO r, S. the aft or impreflion of any 
 thing difcharged from a bow. The a*^ of 
 hitting or endeavouring to liit with fome- 
 thing difcharged from a bow or gan. A 
 branch i.^Iuing from the mais flock, from 
 Jchetiten, Belg. 
 
 SHOO'TER, S; an archer ; a gunner, 
 
 SHOP, S. [fco/>pe, Sax. efchopu, Fr. 
 frf.'ape, Teut.] a place where any thing is 
 fold. A room in which manufadturts are 
 carried on. 
 
 SHOPKEE'PF.R, S. [ficp and keep] a 
 trader who fells in a fhop ; not a merchant 
 who only deals by whoiefale. 
 
 SHO'FMAN, S. [JJjop and man'] a petty 
 trader. 
 
 SHORE, S, [fcore, Sax.JIcorc, Ifl] the 
 coafl- or land which borders on the fea. A 
 drain, properly fpelt/<"zwr. The fupport of 
 a building. A buttixfs ; fcl.oyren, Belg. 
 
 To SHORE, V. A. (jHj;w;, Belg-l to 
 prop, or fupport from falling ; followed by 
 up. 
 
 SHORN, participle offiear. 
 
 SHORT, Adj. [fccort. Sax. ccrto, Ital. 
 CGuite, Fr. curtus, Lat. J meafuring little, op- 
 pofid to long. Not as long as i: ought to 
 be; of fmall continuance. Repeated by 
 quick returns. Not equal to a perfon's merits 
 or excellencies. Not able to attain an end, 
 after fall. Not long diftant, or cum ng foon. 
 Direftly, unexpecfledly. Not going fo far 
 as intended. Narrow. Bi'ittle. 
 
 SHORT, S. a concife or fummary ac- 
 coi;nt. 
 
 SHORT, Adv. ufed in compolition, a 
 fmp-ll fpace of time. Not long. 
 
 To SHO'R TEN, V. A. to deprive of 
 length, applied to fpaceor time. To contract. 
 To hinder from going on. To lop. 
 
 SHO'R r-HAND,S. a method of writing 
 fo as to favc time .-uid paper. 
 
 SKO'RTLY, Adv. quickly ; briefly. 
 
 SHO'RTNESS, S. the quality of being 
 fhort, cither in time and fpace. Brevity 3 
 concifenefs. Deficience ; imperfection. 
 
 SHO^RTSIGHTED, Adj. unable to fee 
 Lr. 
 
 SHO'RTWINDED, Adj. afthmatie. 
 
 SHO r, the preter and part. palT. of 
 poot. 
 
 SHOT, S. [fchot^ Belg. slcit, Ifl ] the a« 
 of Ihooting. Any thing difcharged from a 
 wun, A globule of lead ufed in charging fire- 
 arms. A fum charged on a reckoning ; from 
 eject, Fr. 
 
 SHO'TTEN, Adj. without roe; having 
 ejc<£t£d its fp iwn 
 
 To SHOVE, V. A f fcufan, ^ax.fchuy- 
 *fn, Belg.^ to pufh by maiji fircngth. To 
 drive a vedel by means of a pok thiuft hard 
 
 rudi againfl. Neuterly, to pulh before one. 
 To row in a boat by means of a. pole thru({ 
 againft the bottom df a river. 
 
 .SHOVE, S. the art of (hoving. A pu(h. 
 
 SHO'VEL, S. [fcofl, Szx. fcheofe/, Belg.] 
 
 an inftrumcnt with a broad blade raifcd oii 
 
 the edges and a long handle, ufed in throwing 
 
 coals on a fire, &€. 
 
 To SHO'VEL, V. A. to throw or heap 
 xvith a Ihovel. To gather in great quan- 
 tities. 
 
 SHO'VFL-BORD, S. a long board on 
 which pieces of metal are puflicd towards a 
 mark. 
 
 SHOULD, V.N. [pronounced/-05W, from 
 fc^cid, imperfect, oCfarJJa/i, Sax. fcmie, Belg. 
 It is thus declined, Ifindd, thou JhrAtldefi, he 
 pould. Like the Sax. Jc fceold, thu fceoldeft, 
 l^efceold] this is a kind of auxiliary verb, 
 ufed in the conjun(flive mood, and generally 
 implies bufmefs or duty, as " Ipould go," 
 i, e. it is my bufmefs or duty to go ; when 
 preceded by if, it implies chance, as " If I 
 '■^ Jhould go," V. e. If it happens that I go. 
 
 SHOLi'LDER, S. [faddrc, "iz-A. fcbolder, 
 ,Belg,] the joint which connects the arm to 
 the body. In butcher's meat, the upper part 
 of the fore leg. 
 
 To SHOU'LDFR, V. A. to pufh with 
 violence and infolence. To put on the 
 flioulder. 
 
 To SHOUT, V. N. [formed from the 
 found] to cry aloud in triumph or joy. 
 
 SHOUT, S. a loud and vehement cry of 
 joy or triumph. 
 
 SHO'UTER, S. he who fhouts. 
 To SHOW, y. A. r pretcr. jhewed and 
 Jh»-v, part, pafi' pyiun\ to produce to the 
 fight or view. To prove, or give a proof. 
 I o publi/h or proclaim, followed hy forth. 
 To make known. To direft cr point out the 
 way. To explain, teachj or tell. Neuterly, 
 to appear, or have the appearance. 
 
 SHOW, S. fome fpedladc or fomething 
 remarkable, expofed to view for money. A 
 fijperficial or mere external appearance. An 
 oflentatious difplay. An objecff, attracfting 
 attention, or notice. A fplendid appearance. 
 
 Likeline'^s. Specioufnefs. 
 
 SHO'W-BRRAD, or SHEW-BREAD, ?. 
 the loaves of bread among the Jews, that the 
 prieft of the week placed every fabbath-day 
 on the golden-table, covered with loaves of 
 gold, and twelve in number 
 
 SHOWER, S. { jcbeure, Bdg.-] a mode- 
 rate or violent fall of rain. Any thing de- 
 fcending thick. Any profufion, or liberal 
 diflribution. 
 
 To SHOWER, V. A. to wet or drown 
 with rain To pour. To diflribute liberally 
 or profufely. Neuterly, to be rainy. 
 HOW'ERY, Adj. rainy. 
 
 SHO' WISH, Adj. gaudy j fplendid : often- 
 tatious. 
 
 SHOWN,
 
 S H R 
 
 S H R 
 
 SHOWN, pret. and part. pafT, of y^'CTtf. i where they entertain the mayor and corpo- 
 
 SHRANK, pre.er of/j;/K*. ration at their refpeiflive bowers or arbors 
 
 To SHRED, V. A. [^imer. JfjreJ ; fcrea- jcrefled on purpofe, and diftingtiifhed bylbmc 
 Jiin, Saa, skritia- Ifl.] to cut into fmall or ; devices fuitabie to their crafts. Roman coins 
 thin pieces, commonly applied to cloth or larefreduentiy dug up here, with the bones 
 lierbs. of men ofa large Tize, particularly teeth thrc«i 
 
 SHRED, S. [fee the verb] a fmall piece inches long, and the fame dimenfions round} 
 cutoff. A fragment. alfo thigh bones a full y.-.rd in length. The 
 
 SHREW, S. [/(//-fvf", Teut./^m, Scalv.] I annua! fairs kept at Shrcwlhiiry are on Sa- 
 a peevifii and clamorous woman. I turday next after March 15, Wednefday after 
 
 SHREWD, Adj. [contracted froro^rfwW] J Eafter- week, and Wednefday before Whit- 
 liaviag the qualities of a flirew ; malicious ; ' 
 
 mifchievous ; cunning j malicioufly ily. Bad, 
 painful, pinching. 
 
 SHRE'WDLY, Adv. mifchievouny j vex- 
 atioufly. 
 
 SHRE'WDNESS, S. fly; cunning 5 arch- 
 rcfs. Mifchievonfnefs. 
 
 SHRE'WISH, Adj. poflcfllng the quali- 
 ties of a flirew. 
 
 SHRE'WMOUSE, S. [jhremva, S.] a 
 ir.oufe whofe bite is falfely fuppofed to be ve- 
 nomous. Hence fome derive j'^'rc'zt'. 
 
 SHREWSBURY, S. the metropolis of 
 Shropfliire, or the county of Salop. It ftands 
 delightfully on the Severn, and rofe out of 
 the ruins of Uriconium, now Wroxeter, a 
 village about four miles off. The Saxons 
 ftiled it Scrobefberg, from the hill on which 
 ■jt ftands, having formerly been fullof Ihrubs. 
 Jt has two fair bridges on the Severn, which 
 iurrounds it, except on the N. fide, in the 
 form of a horfeihoe, rendering it a peninfula 
 by that means. Several religious foundations 
 have anciently been here. At Shrewlhury 
 king Richard H. held a parliament. Hither 
 Henry, earl of Richmond, afterwards king 
 Henry VH. marched from Wales, where he 
 landed, and was joined by Sir Gilbert Talbot 
 and his nephew the earl of Shrewfljury. 
 Here, April 15, 1551, the fweating ficknefs, 
 fays Cimden, proved fo mortal, efpecialiy to 
 the middle-aged, that hence it difperfed itfelf 
 throughout the ki.sgJom. Shrewlbury gave 
 the title of earl tor many ye-;rs to the Mont- 
 
 Sunday. Thefe are confiderable for horned 
 cattle, horfes, flieep, cheefe, and linen cloth: 
 on July 3, and Angiifl 12, for horned cattle, 
 horfes, pigs, cheefe, linen, (heep, and lambs 
 wool ; Oiflober 2, and December 12, for 
 horned catile, horfes, fl.cep, pigs, butter, 
 cheefe and Jinen. In the neighbourhood 
 was fought the bloody battle between young 
 Henry Piercy, furnamed Hotfpur, and Henry 
 IV. king of England ; in which the former 
 was killed, and his army overthrown, t! e 
 place being to this day called Battlefield. It 
 ftanJs 157 miles N. W. of London. Lat. 51 
 deg. 47 min. N. long. 2 deg. 4 min. W. 
 
 'I'o SHRIEK, V. N. [ sb-icrc-r, Dan.fa-k. 
 cijare, Ital.] to cry out with anguilh, or ter- 
 ror. See Screak. 
 
 SHRIEK, S. [skrkg, Ttan.fcricao, Ital.] 
 a loud cry caufed by anguifli or terror. 
 
 SHRIFT, S. [firift, Sax.] a confeffion 
 made to a pried 
 
 SHRILL, Adj. [formed from the found] 
 foimdingwith a piercing and tremulous noife. 
 
 To SHRILL, V. N. to found fliarp, and 
 quick. 
 
 SHRIMP, S. [J]b>-:mpe, Teut. a wrinkle, 
 fcrymf's, Dan.] a fmall cruftaceous filh. A 
 little man or dwarf. 
 
 SHRINE, S. [fain. Sax. efa-in, Fr.fcri' 
 num, Lat.] a cafe in which fomcthing fa- 
 cred is rcpoflced. Ufed poetically, for an 
 altar. 
 
 To SHRIr'K, V. N. [prefer, Jhrunk, or 
 prank, ^s.TVx\^\sJhrut3k, or Jhrunken ; Jcrinean, 
 
 gomerys and > albors, and it (till continues in Sax.] to contract into lefs room. To flirivel 
 
 a defcendant of the latter. Though the re- | from lofs of moiflure. To withdraw or fall 
 
 fcntment of parliament fell h.eavy on this [back in order to avoid danger. Aflively, to 
 
 town, for adhering to king Charles I. who leflen the meafure of a thing by contracfling 
 
 came hither in the beginning of the civil [it. 
 
 wars, after his dif,)ppoiniment at Nottingham, SHRINK, S. corrugation 3 contraftion of 
 
 and formed an army ; yet it has flnce recover- the body into lefs compafs. 
 
 ed itfelf, and is now very flourifliing. Its| To SHR 1 VE, V. A. [preter.y^irsvf ; /rr/- 
 
 weekly markets for corn,cattleand provifions, |jO>?, Sax.] to hear at confelHon. To confefs 
 
 are on Wednefday and Saturday; every Thurf a perfon. 
 
 day is the market for Welch cottons and To SHRI'VEL, V. N. \ fcrinean, Sax. 
 
 flannels. The town is governed by a mayor, fchrompelen, Belg ] to contraftinto wrinkles, 
 
 recorder, &c. and fends two members to par- Aclively, to make a thing contrad in wrin- 
 
 liament. The cnrporation has the power kles, ufed with up. 
 
 of trying caufes wiilrln itfdf, even fuch as 
 are capital, except for liigh treafon. Here 
 are twelve incorporated trading companies, 
 who on Monday fortnight after Whitfuntide 
 repair to Kingfland, on the S. fide of the 
 town, and oppoflte- bank of the Severn, 
 
 SHRI'VFR, S. a confeHbr. 
 
 SHROPSHIRE, or the coimty of Salop, 
 in England. It is bounded on the E. by Staf- 
 fordftiie; on the N. by Chefnire ; on the S. 
 by Worcerterfliire, Herefcrdlhire, and~Rad- 
 norfliire ; and on the W. by the (hires of 
 3 H 3 Montgomery
 
 S H R 
 
 Montgomery and Denbigh, in NoithWules. 
 The river Severn rifing in Plinlimon hills, 
 iKMontoomeryfhire, runstliroughnhe county 
 f om \V. lo S. E. dividing ic into two parts. 
 This i^ a !. : ~e inland county, hting, accord- 
 ing to Tern pieman, flirty miles ill Icng'h, and 
 thiity-three in breadti^. ; others reckon it 
 thirty-four miles from Woferton below Lud- 
 low on the S. to Over near Trent on the N. 
 and twenty-five from Tong on the S. to Of- 
 veftry on the W. It is of an oval or nearly 
 circular form, containing about S 90, coo acres, 
 with about 139,000 inhabitants, 15 m-tiket 
 towns, ar,d 170 parifhes; which are a'l 
 dillributed uito fifteen hundreds, in the dio- 
 cefs of Hereford, Litchfield and Coventry, 
 and St. Afaph. The air of this country h 
 Very falubrious, as is generally the cafe in 
 fuch as are mountainous or hilly. The foil, 
 which in many parts is of a reddifli clay, is 
 of various fertility ; the S. and S. VV. parts 
 which arc moflly hilly, not being altogether 
 fo fiuitfulas the low grounds, of which this 
 county has its iTiare. Here plenty of wheat 
 and barley is produced, together with other 
 forts of grain, befides inexhauftiblc pits of 
 coal. This country, as being formerly a 
 frontier between the Welch and Englifh, has 
 had more caflles than any other in England, 
 fothat it feems to be parted by a continued 
 wall of caftles : and Speed reckons no lefs 
 than thirty two, befides the fortified towns, 
 that were once in this fiiire. The county of 
 Salop lies in the Oxford circuit, and it fends 
 twelve members to parliament ; namely, two 
 Kni'-hts of the Jhirc, with two burgeiTes each 
 for Shrewfoury, Bruges or Bridgenorth, Lud- 
 low, Wenl -ck, and Bifhop's callle. Its capi 
 tal is Shrewfbury. 
 
 SHROU'D, S. [fo-usJ, Sax.] a cover or 
 flielter. A winding fliirt, or drefs of a dead 
 pcrfon. The fail ropes, or fails. 
 
 To SHROU'D, V. A, tanlrefs in a (hroudj 
 to fhelter from danger ; to cover, hide or 
 conceal. Ntuterly, to harbour. 
 
 SHR O'VE, prefer of Jhn-ve. 
 
 SHP.O'VE-TIDE, or SHRO'VE-TUES- 
 PAY, S. [from prove, preter oijhnve, to 
 confefs, and :]de or tuefday] the time of con- 
 ftfiion j the day before afh-wednefday or 
 lent, on which anciently perfons went to 
 confeflion. 
 
 SHRU3, S. f j5m!>^ Sax./c»-«^^.-, Belg.] 
 a bufh or fmall tree; a liquor made of orange- 
 juice, fpirits and fugar- 
 
 SHRU'BBY, Adj. full of (hrubs ; bufhy. 
 
 To SHRU'G, V. N. {fchrlken, Dan. 
 fcbrcchnyTtMt.. fear] to exprels horror or dif- 
 fatisfaiHion, by moving the fl-;oulders near the 
 liead. A<ftively, to contrad or draw up- 
 wards, followed h-)Jhoulder. 
 
 SHRUG, S a motion of the fhouldprs up- 
 5*ards to exprefs horror or diflatisfa^ion. 
 
 SHR.U'NK., the preter jsnd part, pafT. of 
 
 SIC 
 
 SimC'N^KEN. the part. pafl. o( Jhrlnk. 
 To SHU'DDER, V.N. [fcbudd,,,,, Belg.] 
 to quake with fear or averfon. 
 
 To SHU'FFLE, V. A. [Jchyff^rling, Sax,] 
 to throw into diforder f) that one thing 
 may take place of another j to remove or 
 put by v.ith hir.e aitificej to (hake or get 
 rid ot by irruggling, ufed with off\ to form 
 in a confufed or clandefline manner, ufed 
 with up. Neuterly, to p.t a pack of cards 
 into new order; to play mean rricks, frauds 
 or evafions ; to move with an aukward gait, 
 Oi" witli the feet drawn along the ground. 
 
 SHU'FFLP, S. the art of difordering 
 things, or moving them fo as to take place of 
 each other ; a trick or artifice. 
 
 SHU'FFLER, S. [iromfiuffle] he who 
 plays tricks or fliuffles. 
 
 SHU'FFLINGLY, Adj. with an irregular 
 gait. 
 
 To SHUN, V. A. [efctiman. Sax.] to en- 
 deavour to avoid or eicape ; to decline. 
 
 To SHUT, V. A. [preter and part. palT. 
 fiut ; fcyttan, Sax. fchunen, Eelg. j to put to- 
 gether (o, that nothing can get in or out, op- 
 pofcd to open. To inclofe or confine. To bar 
 or exclude. To draw the eyelid clafe over 
 the eye. To contract, applied to the hand ; 
 ufed with out, to exclude or deny admiffion ; 
 ufed with up, to confine ; to conclude. Neu- 
 terly to be clofed. To clofe i'felf. 
 
 SHUT, S. the aft of clofing. A fmall 
 door or cover. 
 
 SHUTTER, S. one that clofes any thing 
 that Hood open. A d. or or board by which 
 windows are fecured in the night. 
 
 SHUTTLECOCK, S. [fpelt likewife 
 fhhtkcnck. Johnfon fuppofcs it may properly 
 be C2\\t\ Jkuv.kcork, i e. a cork driven to and 
 fro like a ^ed.^tr' ^J7juttk'\ a cork ftuck with 
 feathers, and driven on high with a battle- 
 dore. 
 
 SHUTTLE, S. {JchletfpoU, Belg. JkutuI, 
 in.] the inftrument with which a weaver 
 fiioots the crofs threads of his work. 
 
 SHY, Adj. [fchczue, Belg. fuch-wen, Teut. 
 pifo, Ital.J referred j not willing to be ac- 
 quainted or familiar. Cautious ; keeping at 
 a diftance and unwilling to approach. Suf- 
 picious or jealous. 
 
 SI'BILANT, Adj. f/^i/fl«j Lat.] hiding. 
 SI'BILATION, S. [//i//o,Lat.] a hiding 
 found. 
 
 To SI'CCATE, V. A. Ificco, Lat,]todry. 
 SICCA'TION, S. [from f.ccate] the a£i 
 of drying. 
 
 SICCI'TICK, Adj. [ficcut and/c, Lat.] 
 caufing drinefs. 
 
 srCCn Y, S. [ficdte, Fr. ficc'itas, from 
 fican, Lat.J drinefs; aridity; want of 
 moinure. 
 
 Sl'CE, S. [/aw^, Goth, p, Fr.] the 
 number fix at dice. 
 
 SICK, S. [ (coc. Sax. fir.h, Goth, fyie, 
 in./<rfi, Bdg.j deprived of hcaltb ; affeaei 
 
 with
 
 S I G 
 
 with difeafe. Difordered in the flomach or 
 
 iqueamiOi. Difgufted. 
 
 To SICKEN, V. A. to deflroy healrh. 
 To impair. Neuterly, to be difeafed j to be 
 fi'led witli difguft or loathing. 
 
 SI'CKLE, S. [ficol, SaK. feckel, Belg. 
 ficakrs, Po\.jecare, fccatt, Sclav.] the inflru- 
 ment with which corn is cut. A reaping 
 hook. 
 
 SI'CKLINESS, S. the quality of being 
 habitually fick. 
 
 SrCKLY, Adv. difeafed, infirm, with 
 refpeft to health. 
 
 Sl'CKNESS, S. [feocnejfe. Sax.] the Rate 
 cf being infirm in health. A diftafe. Squea- 
 mifhnefs. 
 
 SIDE, S. [fdyftde. Sax. fyde, Belg.] the 
 part of animals where the ribs are placed. 
 Any part of a body oppofed to another p.irt. 
 A margin or edge. Situation. Party in- 
 tereft. 
 
 SIDE, Adj. oblique, oppofed to dired. 
 
 To SIDE, V. A. to join with any party ; 
 followed by ivith. 
 
 SI'DE-BOARD, S. a table on which plate 
 and other conveniences are placed by the fide 
 of that at which the guefts fit. 
 
 SI'DE-BOX, S. a box on one fide of the 
 theatre. 
 
 SI'DE-LONG, Adj. [fde and long] late- 
 ral ; oblique j not in front ; not diredl, 
 
 SI'DERAL, Adj. [homfidus, Lat.] ftarry; 
 aftral. 
 
 SIDERA'TIGN, S. [fderatlon, Yr.fide- 
 rath, Lat.] a fudden mortification ,• a blaft 5 
 or a fu4iien deprivation of fenfe. 
 
 SIDESMAN, S. an-afliftant to a church- 
 warden. 
 
 SI'DE-WAYS, Adv. on one fide, ob- 
 liquely, indireftly. 
 
 SIE'GE, S. [Fr.] the aft of befetting a 
 fortified place. Any continued endeavour to 
 gain pofleffion. 
 
 To SIEGE, V. A. [fieger, Fr.] to lay fiegc. 
 
 SIEVE, S, [pronounced Jl've fhort like 
 £ii/e. See SiFTyJito, Sclav. Jita^ Dalm, and 
 Boh.j an inftrument ufed in feparating fmall 
 particles from grofler, confining of a piece of 
 lawn, hair, or cypru^, ftraiaed and faftcned 
 to a hook. 
 
 To SIFT, V. A. [Jlftan, S^x. Jiften, 
 Belg.] to feparate by a fieve. To pafs through 
 a fieve. To feparate or part. Figuratively, 
 to try or examine. 
 
 Sl'FTER, S. he who fifts. 
 
 SIG, ufed in compounds, is derived from 
 fig. viftory. Thus Jigward, implies a vi<fto- 
 rioos preferver. 
 
 To SIGH, V. N. [ficettart, SaK.fuchren, 
 Belg. ] to breathe fo as to be heard, when op- 
 prcflcd with forrow. Actively, to lament. ■ 
 
 SIGH, S. a violent breathing which may 
 be heard when opprefled with grief. 
 
 SIGHT, S. [gejithe, Sax. Jicht, geficht, 
 Belg.] the perception of objefts by the eye. 
 
 S I L 
 
 The aft of feeing or beholding. Open view, 
 or a fitiiation in which nothing obltrufls the 
 eye. Motice or knowledge. The eye. An 
 aperlure to look through. A fliow, orfome- 
 thing remarkable to be feen. 
 
 Sl'GHTLESS, Adj. blind, offenfive to 
 the eye. 
 
 Sl'GHTLY, Adj. pleafing the eye. 
 
 SI'GIL, S. [figilMn, Lat.] a feal. 
 
 SIGN, S. [figne, Fr, y%OT.wz, Lat.] a 
 token of anything; that by which any thing 
 is Ihown j a wonder ©r miracle ; a pi£\ure or 
 board hung on the outfide of a tradefman's 
 houfe. A memorial; a conftellation in the 
 zodiac; a mark ; a fymb(;l or type; the fub- 
 icription of a perfon's name. 
 
 To SIGN, V. A. \f.gno, Lat./^«^,Fr.] 
 to mark ; to ratify by fubfcribing one's name j 
 to betoken or reprefent. 
 
 SI'GNAL, S. [Fr. j'cr.nal. Span.] notice 
 given by fome token. A fign that gives notice. 
 
 S'IGNAL, Adj. remarkable ; eminent. 
 
 To SI'GNALIZE, V. A. [Jigvalkr, Fr.] 
 to make eminent or remarkable 
 
 SI'GNALLY, Adv. remarkably; mc- 
 mora!;ly. 
 
 SIGNATURE, S. [Fr.] a fign or mark 
 imprefFed on a thing ; a mark on plants by 
 which their medicinal ufe is pointed out ; a 
 proof or evidence. Among Printers, a letter 
 of the alphabet or other mark, made ufe ef 
 to diltinpiiifh diiferent flieets. 
 
 SI'GNET, S. \f.gnette,'?t.] a feal, pecu- 
 liarly applied to that of a king. 
 
 SIGN I'FICANCE, orSlGNI'FieANCY, 
 S. [fee Signify] the power of fignifying j 
 force ; energy ; importance. 
 
 SIGNI'FICANT, Adj. [Fr. figmficans^ 
 Lat. J expreffive of fomething elfe. Standing 
 as a fign of fomething. Forcible in conveying 
 the meaning intended. Important. 
 
 SIGNIFICA'TION, S. \Yx. figmfcathy 
 Lat.] the a(ft of making known, or convey- 
 ing ideas by figns. A meaning exprelled by 
 a fien or word. 
 
 SIGNI'FICATIVE, Adj. If.gmficatif, Fr.] 
 betokening by an external fign. Forcible. 
 
 SIGN!' FIG ATORY, S. that which fig- 
 nifies or betokens. 
 
 ToSI'GNIFY, V. A. {f.gmfia'^Yx.l to 
 declare by fome token or fign. To mean ; 
 to exprefs. To import or weigh, when 
 ufed interrogatively. To make known. 
 Neuterly, to Rand for an idea, to exprefs a 
 meaning. 
 
 SI'GNIORY, S. \_fignoria, Ital.J fee 
 Seigniory. 
 
 Sl'LENCE, S. [F. filentium, Lat] a flatc 
 wherein nothing is perceivea by the ear. 
 The aft or (tate of refraining from fpeaking. 
 Stillnefs. 
 
 To ^ILENCE, V. A. to ftil or oblige to 
 refrain from fpeaking. 
 
 SI'LENr, Adj. [//m, Lat.] not fpeak- ' 
 ine. Not talkative* Still or without noife, 
 3H4 SILENTLY,
 
 S I M 
 
 SILENTLY, Adv. without fpeech or 
 noife 5 without mention. 
 
 SlLl'CIOUS, Adj. [from ciliciuir.] made 
 of hs:r. 
 
 SILI'CL'LOSE, Adj. [>/;fa/j,Lat.] hufky ; 
 full ofhuilis. 
 
 SIL1G1N6SE, Adj. iJin^L^s, Lat.] 
 made of fine wheat. t 
 
 Sl'LIQiri, S. [Lat.] among gold refiners, 
 a carat oi: which fix maJ<e a fcrupe. In bo- 
 tany, the feed vetUl or pod of plants that are 
 of the pulfc kind. 
 
 Sl'LI(;n:OSE, orSI'LIQUOUS, Adj. hav- 
 ing a pod or capiula. 
 
 SILK, S. [fcolc, Sax.] a fine thread fpini 
 by a hutterfly ; a maniif^icture made of the 
 filk'.vorm's threads. 
 
 SI'LKEN, Adj. made of filk. DrelTeJ in 
 filk. Figuratively, foit or tender. 
 
 SI'LKW'ORM, S. the worm that fpins 
 filk. 
 
 SI'LKY, Adj. m.ade of filk. So^'t ; pliant. 
 
 SILL, S. [/;-', S:x%.fueU,F\: p.'k, Eelg. 
 pl^tia, Goth, to found] the timber or (tone 
 at thefoot of a door. A threihold. 
 
 S'lLLABUB, S. curds made by milking 
 on vinegar, cider, or wi.ne. 
 
 SI'LLINESS, S. foolilhnefs; fimpllcity. 
 
 SI'LLY, Adj. [/dig, Teut.j harmlefs. 
 Fooliih. 
 
 SILT, S. mud; flinie. 
 
 Sl'LYAN, Adj. abounding in woods j 
 woody. 
 
 SFLVER, S. \feolfer, Sax.f/uir, Goth.] a 
 white, fhining, hard metal, next in weight to 
 gold. Any thing of foft or whitifli iplen- 
 dor. 
 
 Sl'LVER, Adj. white like filver ; having 
 a pale ludre. 
 
 To Sl'LVER, V. A. to cover the furface 
 with filver. To adorn with a whitifh luf're. 
 To rover with fomethiiig white and fliining. 
 
 Sl'LVER SMITH, S. [Jiiwr and Jkith] 
 one that works in filver. 
 
 Sl'LVER Y, Ad].[tcom Jiher]he fprinkled 
 with filver. 
 
 SI'iVIAR, S. [fmarre, Fr.] a woman's 
 Joofe robe. 
 
 SI'MILAR, Adj. [fimUalre, Fr.] having 
 one part like another. Refcmhling. 
 
 SMILA'RIfY, S. likenefs ; refem- 
 blance. 
 
 SIMlLEjS. [Lat.] acomparifon by which 
 any thing is explained or aggrandized. 
 
 SI'MILITL'DK, S. ['^v./hnUkudo, Lat.] 
 Jikenefs. A comparifon or limile. 
 
 SI'METF.R, S. fceCiMETTR. 
 
 To Sl'MMER, V. A. [tormer'y '"pelt/^^- 
 her \ formed from the found] to boil gciitly. 
 To boil with a gentle hilTing or motion. 
 
 Sl'iVlMEL, S. [fimbcl. Sax.] a kind of 
 cake made of fugar, flower, plumbo, and 
 falTion, &c. 
 
 SLViONlAC, S. \ fimomaque, Fr.J one 
 that buys or fells prefeimcnts in the charch. 
 
 S I N 
 
 SIMONI'ACAL, Adj. guilty of buying or 
 felling livings in the church. 
 
 SI'MONY, S. [fitnoKle, Fr.J the crime of 
 buying or felling church preferments. 
 
 ToSI'MP£R,V. A. [perhaps from >:- 
 met,, as itfcems to imitate lie dimples of wa- 
 ter gently boiling j to fmilej generally applied 
 to foolifh fmiling. 
 
 SI'MPER, S. a fmile, generally applied to 
 a fooUrh one. 
 
 SI'MPLE, Adj. [Fr. fmplex, Lat.] 
 plain without defign or artifice. Harm- 
 kfs. Uncompoundcd. Single. Onfy one. 
 Silly. 
 
 Sl'MPLB, S. [Fr.] a fingle ingredient; a 
 drug ; properly ufed foi an herb. 
 
 To Sl'MPLE, V, N. to gather herbs. 
 
 SI'MPLENESS, S. the quality of being 
 without art, experience or compofition. 
 
 Sl'MFLrR, S.an herbarilt. 
 
 SI'MPLETON, S. a filly, harmlefs, and 
 unexperienced perfon. 
 
 SI'JVIPLICirY, ^. [fimplkite, Yx.fintfli- 
 c'.tai, Lat. J freedom from art, artifice, cun- 
 ning, or fraud. Plainnefs of meaning. 
 
 Si'MPLlST, S. one /killed in fimples. 
 
 SI'MPLY, Adv. artlefsly j without addi- 
 tion ; folely; toolilhly. 
 
 To SIM'ULATE, V. A. to dilTemble or 
 feign. 
 
 SIMULA'TION, S. Ifimulath, Lat.] 
 the aft of vice of pretending famething to be 
 which is not. 
 
 SIMULTA'NEOUS, Adj. [fmultaneus, 
 Lat. ] ading together ; exifting at the fame 
 time. 
 
 SIN, S. [irom f.nne, Sax.] any aft which 
 is contrary to the laws of God. Figuratively, 
 an habitual negligence of religion. A man 
 enormoufly wicked. " Thou fcarlet_///z .'" 
 Shak. This is a beautiful imitation of the 
 Latin 5 ubi ilik Jcelus eft? Ter. And. A. 3. 
 S. 5. 
 
 To SINT, V. A. [ftngian, Sa\. fyrdga, 111. 
 fvnder, Dan.j to aft contrary to the laws of 
 God, and to negkft the rites afld laws of 
 religion. 
 
 SIN AT ISM, S. [finap'fmus, Lat. o-iva- 
 TTia-fAoi;, Gr.j a medicine of muftard to raife 
 bliders, 8ic. 
 
 SINCE, Adv. [fnt, TexM.fnd, Belg.] 
 it being true; bccaufe that; from the 
 time that; ago; before this; after that 
 time. 
 
 SINCE'RE, Adj. [Y.ftncenn, Lat. j jufl ; 
 faithful. Pure. Honed. 
 
 SINCE'RITY, S. [Jincmte,Y)i.finceritas, 
 Lat. J freedom from hypocrify or diffirnu- 
 lation. Faithfulnefs, applied to friendfliip. 
 
 SINE, S. [ finus, Lat.j in geometry, a line 
 drawn from one end of an arch perpendicu- 
 lai ly on the diameter drawn from the other 
 end. 
 
 SINE, ufed in compofition is borrowed 
 from the Latin, and fignifies ivitk'.ut. 
 
 SI'NE-
 
 SIN 
 
 Sl'NECUPvE, S. [fwe, withont, and cura, 
 Lat. carej an office where a perfon is entitled 
 to a revenue witliout trouble. 
 
 Sl'NEW, S. Ifenive, Sax./(/twf», Belg.J 
 a tendon or lij^ament by which the joints are 
 moved. Figuratively, that which gives 
 strength or fupport. 
 
 Si'NJiWY, Adj. confifting of finews or 
 nerves. Figuratively, ftrong, nervous, or 
 forcible, 
 
 Sl'NFUL, Adj. [f.nfulk, fmvefuUe, Sax.] 
 contrary to any divine command. Wiclced 
 or impious. 
 
 SI'N FULLY, Adv. impiouny; wickedly. 
 SI'NFULNESS, S. wickednefs ; impiety. 
 To SING, V. N. [preter. fang, ot fang, 
 part. v.ii\. j'ung, ftggzvan, Goxh.Jlr.gar., Sax.j 
 to form the voice muficaily. I'o utter in a 
 melodious or mufical msnner. Figuratively, 
 to relate poetically. Actively, to micntion or 
 relate in poetry. To celebrate or prale. To 
 pronounce in a mufical manner. 
 
 To SINGE, V. A. [fcengan. Sax.] to 
 fcorch), or burn in a llight or fuperlicial 
 manner. 
 
 il'NGER, S. one whole profellion is to 
 fmg. 
 
 bl'NGINGM ASTER, S. one who teaches 
 to fmg. 
 
 Sl'NGLE, Adj. \fingitluz, Lat. not more 
 than one. Only one. Particular or indivi- 
 dual. Not cempounded. Alone, or without 
 any afllftant. Unmarried. Not double, ap- 
 plied to fiovi-ers. Pure or uncorrupt. Simple. 
 That in which one alone is oppoled to one j 
 followed by combat. 
 
 To Sl'NGLE, V. A. to choofe out from 
 among others, uled with out. To take alone 
 or feparate. 
 
 Sl'NGLENESS, S. fimplicity; fmcevity. 
 To Sl'NGULARlZE, V. A. [Jefingu- 
 larifer, Fr. j to make particular. 
 
 Si'NGULAR, Adj. [Jlnguhrh, Lat./n- 
 giilier, Fr.] reprcfenting only one determinate 
 thing or pcrfcn. Particular, or unexpccfted. 
 Different from others. In grammar applied 
 only to one. 
 
 blNGULA'RITY, S, {fmgularit^', Fr.] 
 fome characltr by which a perfon is, or af- 
 fcfls to be diftinouiflicd from others. 
 
 Si'NiSTER, rtdj. [Lat.] being on the left 
 hand. Figuratively bad ; perverfe; unfair. 
 To SINK, V. N. f preter. //«;>*, formerly 
 J fank, part. ^aK- junk or Junken, Goth.] to 
 defcend in any fluid or litjuor. To fall gra- 
 dually. To penetrate into any thing. To 
 contract or grow lefs, wiih refpcft to height 
 or depth. Figuratively, to be overwhelmed, 
 iifed wi(h beneath or under. To be received or 
 jmprefTed deeply, uled with dcivn. To fall 
 into a llate ot reft or indolence. Actively, to 
 force under water, and render incapable of 
 floating or fwimming. To make deep by 
 aligging. To deprefi or degrade. To diminirti 
 ifl (quantity or value. To crulh or overbear. 
 
 S I s 
 
 To make to decline. To fuporefs, to concea!, 
 or convert to one's ufe by fraud j applied to 
 money. 
 
 SINKjS. [7?«f, Sax.] a drain or jakes. 
 Any place where filth is fuffered to colleft. 
 
 SI'NLESS, Adj. free from !in. 
 'Sl'NLESSNESS, S. exemptioH from fin. ' 
 
 SI'NNER, S. one at enmity with God; 
 one not truly or religioufly good. An offen- 
 der ; a criminal. 
 
 SI'NOFFERING, S, an expiation or fa- 
 crifice for fm. 
 
 Sl'NOPER, or SINOPLE, S. a fpeciesof 
 earth ; ruddle. 
 
 To SI'NUATE, V. A. {f^nuo, Lat.] to 
 bend in and out. 
 
 SINUA'TION. S. a bending in and out. 
 
 SI'NUOUS, Adj. {finueux, Fr. from/«w, 
 Lat.] bending in and out. 
 
 Sl'NUS, S. [Lat.] ths bay of a fea. In 
 furgery a hollow pafl^ge under the flelh. 
 
 To SIP, V. A. {fpan, S^.y..fippen, Beig,] 
 to drink by fmal! drauglits wheicin the lios 
 do but juft: touch the vefiel. To drink m 
 Imall quanities. Adivcly, to drink a very 
 fmall quantity. 
 
 SIP, S. a fmall draught or mouthful. 
 
 SI'PPER, S. one that lips. 
 
 SI'PPET, S. a little fop. 
 
 SFPHON, S. [Fr. <rir^v, Gr.] a crooked 
 tube having one leg longer than the other, 
 and ufed in drawing litjuors out of vefiels. 
 
 SIR, S. [Yr. fyr,fyrc, Ent.f.re, Fr.j a litis 
 of refpedV, ufed where we ceremcnioiiUy 
 give another the preference. The title of a 
 knight or baronet, and generally added to the 
 word loin, when applied to beef, becaufe that 
 ioint was once knighted by one of our kino's 
 in a fit of good humour. 
 
 SIRE, S. [Fr.] in poetry, a father. A 
 complimental addrefs to a great perfocagc. 
 Applied in common language to hearts. 
 
 Sl'REN, S. [Lat.] an imaginary monder, 
 fuppofed to have a human face and a bird's 
 body, which enticed men by its finging and 
 devoured them. 
 
 Sl'RIASIS, S. fc-ipiacrif, Gr.] an inflam- 
 mation of the brain and its membranCj 
 through an exccflivc- heat of tiie fun. 
 
 SPKIUS, S. [Lat.] the dog ftar. 
 
 SI'RRAH, S. [contracted from Sir and 
 ah'\ a word conveying reproach and in- 
 fult. 
 
 Sl'RUP, or SY'RUP, S. [Arab.] any 
 vegetable juice boiled to a conliftence with 
 fugar. 
 
 SI'STER, S. [fcwftcr, Goth, hviopr, 
 and fyfier. Sax. Jyjtra, fejha, Run Sclav, 
 and Boh. zujtcr, Belg. ] a woman born of the 
 fame parents with another perlou. Figura- 
 tively, a woman of the fame kind, manRcrs, 
 fentiments, or perfuahon. H if ter- in- !aw, is i 
 hufband's or wife's filler. 
 
 srSTERHOOD, S. the office or duty of 
 a fifter. A numberof woaienui-the Kimc order. 
 srSTERLY,
 
 S I z 
 
 S K I 
 
 ST'STERLY, Adj. like, or becoming, a I SI'ZER, S. ffromyfefj an inferior fcho- 
 fiRer. ]lar in Camhiidge, fynonimous to a iervitor at 
 
 To SIT, V. N. [prefer. I fat \f tin, Goth. Oxford. 
 ftttan,Sdi-si.] to xdlu^on the buttocks. To SI'ZY, Adj. vifcous or glutinous, 
 be in a ftate of reft. To reft or prefs as a SKALN, S. [efcr.lgne, Fr.] a knot of 
 burthen. To fettle or abide. To brood, thread or fiik. 
 
 applied to birds. To be placed at a table. To SKAIT, V. A. to Hide on the ice with 
 To be as a member in any folemn affcmbly. fkaits. 
 
 To decline being engaged, or to make a SKATE, S. [fceadde, Sax.j a flat fea fi(h. 
 party. T07;/ «/>, to change a ly ng pofture A kind of fnoe, armed with iron andufedin 
 
 for a fitting one. To watch or refiain from 
 going to bed. .-^.CX'wtly, to keep one's feat ; 
 followed by a reciprocal pronoun to place on 
 a feat. 
 
 SITE, S. [_/?'«, Lat.] fituatien of one 
 place with refpeft to another. 
 
 SITH, Adj. [fuhe, Sax.j fince; feeing 
 that. 
 
 SITKE, S. \fitbc. Sax. this word being 
 varioufly fpelt, Johnfon pve.^crs this as the 
 iTioft fimple and moll agreeable to etymolo- 
 gy] a crooked blade joined to a pole andufed 
 in mowing. 
 
 SJ' TTER, S. one that fits. A bird that 
 brood.'. 
 
 SITTING, S. thepoflureof fittifigon a 
 feat. A time at which one exhibits himfclf 
 to a painter. A meeting of an afTembly. A 
 time for which one fits without rifing. In- 
 cubation. 
 
 SI'TUATF, Adj [fms, Lat.] placed wi;h 
 refpeft to any thing tlfe. PJsced. 
 
 SITUATION, b. [Fr.] nofition or place 
 with rcfpeft to fomething clfe. Gjndition 
 or flare. 
 
 SIX, Adj. [faifo, Goth./r,Sax.and Fr.] 
 twice three, the next in order after five. To 
 be at fixe:, ar.d fe-vens, is to be in a flateof oil- 
 order, confu.Gon, and danger. 
 
 S!'X- PENCE, S. a fiiver coin valufd at 
 half a fhilling, or as many pence as its name 
 cxprefles. 
 
 SIX SCORE, S. fix times twenty, or one 
 hundred and twenty. 
 
 Srx 1 EEN, Adj. [fxtyve, Sax./jx/a«, 
 Run.] fix and ten. 
 
 SI'XTEENTH, Adj. [fxteotha. Sax.] 
 the ordinal of fixtecn, or the fixth after the 
 tenth. 
 
 SIXTH, Adj. [JdhhaGolh. fsta. Sax. 
 ^f;(/a,Lat.] the ordinal of fix, or the next in 
 order beyond the fifth. 
 
 SI'XTIETH, Adj. [fxteo^ctba, Sax.] the 
 ordinal of fixty, or the fixth ten times re- 
 peated. 
 
 SrXTY, Adj [/xt'g. Sax.] fix times ten. 
 
 SIZE, S. [ Johnfon fuppofes it llioull be 
 eife, from mcija, Lat. or from ajjije, Fr.] the 
 bulk of a body confidered as compared with 
 that of another A fettled quantity or 
 allowance. Any vifcous or glutinous fub- 
 ftance. 
 
 To SIZE, V. A. to arrange or place ac- 
 cording to bulk. To bcfmear with any 
 vifcous or glutinous fubftance. 
 
 Hiding on the ice. 
 
 SKEAN, S. [Ir. and Er k, fagnne, Sax.] a 
 fhort fword or knife. 
 
 SKEGGER, S. a fmall falmon, bred of 
 fuch as never go into the fea. 
 
 SKE'LE I ON, S [e-xi\:re(.Gr. from erxeX- 
 Ai', Gr.j in anatomy, analTcmblagc of all the 
 bon-sof an animal cleared from their flefh, 
 and difpol'ed in their natural fituation. An 
 afTembly of the principal parts. 
 
 SKE'PTIC, SCE'PTIC, S. [from o-kstt- 
 To^ai, Gr. ] one who doubts orpietends to 
 doubt of every thing. 
 
 SKE'PTICAL, SCE'PTICAL, Adj. be- 
 longing to a Ikeptic ; pretending to doubt of 
 every thing. 
 
 SKE'P I ICISM, SCE'PTICISM, S. [/«/., 
 ticifme, Fr.J a pretence or profeJiion of doubt- 
 ing of every thing. 
 
 SKETCH, S. [fchsdula, Lat.] an outline 
 or rough draught. A plan. 
 
 To SKETCH, V. N. to trace the outlines 
 of a pi(fture. To lay down a rough draught 
 or plan. 
 
 SKE'WER, S. [Jkere, Dan.] a wooden or 
 iron pin, ufed to keep meat in form. 
 
 To SKE'WER, V. A. to fallen with 
 fkewers. 
 
 SKIFF, S.[j^//?, Teut. ef^utfhe, Yr.fcapha^ 
 Lat. J a fmall light boat. 
 
 SKI'LFUL, Adj. [from /kill and full] 
 knowing j poflefling any art. 
 
 SKILL, S. [ skU, in.] knowledge, vcadi- 
 nefs of pra(ftice in any art. Any particular 
 art. 
 
 SKI'LLET, S. [efcutllet, Fr.J a fmall kettle 
 or boiler. 
 
 To SKIM, V. A. fee Scum. 
 SKI'MBLESKAMBLE, Adj. wild j wan- 
 dering. 
 
 SKIN, S. [iheina, Run. skina, Dan.] the 
 natural covering of flcfh. 
 
 To SKIN, V. A. to flay or flrip the fkia 
 off. To cover with fkia. To cover the 
 furface, ufed with tmer. 
 
 SKINK, S. [fcenc. Sax.] drink ; any 
 thing portable. Pottage. 
 
 To SKINK, V. N. Ifcencan, Sax.] to ferve 
 drink. 
 
 SKFNNY, Adj. confining only of fkin. 
 Wanting flefh. 
 
 To SKIP, V. N. [fquitt'tre, Ital. efjuirer, 
 Fr. ] to fetch quicK bounds. To leap up or pafs 
 by quick leaps. To leap for joy. To pafjt 
 without notice, A^ively, to oiifs or pafs. 
 
 SKIP,
 
 SLA 
 
 SKIP, S. a light leap or bound. 
 SKI'RMISH, S. [from ys and cann, Brit, 
 the Ihout of wnr, efcarmoiiche, Fr.] a flight 
 engagement, Icfs than a pitched battle. A 
 conteft. 
 
 To SKI'RMISH, V. N. [efcarmoucher, Fr.] 
 to fight in fmall parties without coming to a 
 genera! engagement. 
 
 To SKIRRE, V. A. [from fcir. Sax.] 
 to fcour ; to traverle in order to clear. Neu- 
 terly, to fcuJ ; to run in hafte. 
 
 SKIRT, S. [skurte, Ifl.] that part of a 
 garment which hangs loofe below the waid. 
 The edge of a garment. An edge or border 
 of a country. 
 
 To SKIRT, V. A. to border or run along 
 the edge. ^ 
 
 SKITTISH, Adj \Jiyc, Dan./cz&ew, Beig ] 
 (hy, or eafily frighted. Wanton. Volatile} 
 changeable ; fickle. 
 
 SKONCE, S. fee Sconce. 
 
 SKREEN, S. fee Screen. 
 
 SKUE, Adj. [the etymology is uncertain] 
 fidelong. See Askew. 
 
 SKULL, S. [fiio/a, in.] fee Scull. 
 
 SKY, S. [jZy, Ifl. and Dan.] the region of 
 the clouds. The heavens. The weatlier. 
 
 SKY'LICHT, S. a window which lets 
 light in on the cieiing. 
 
 SLAB, S. a puddle. A plain (lone. 
 
 To SLA'BBKR, V. N. I Jlahben,jhbbcrn, 
 Belg.] to let the fpittle fall out of the mouth. 
 To fhed or pour any thing on one's cloaths, 
 &c. 
 
 SLA'BBY, Adj. vifcousj thick. Wet; 
 fioody. 
 
 SLACK, Adj.[/Mf, Szx.Jlakev, Ifl.] loofe, 
 or not drawn tight. Remifs, or not diligent. 
 Slow, applied to motion. Weak, or not 
 holding fall. 
 
 To SLACK, or SLAf KEN, V. N. to be 
 remifs or negligent. To fail to pieces. To 
 grow loofe. To languifh. Aftively, to loofen. 
 To remit. To eafe. To relieve or unbind, 
 applied to the mind. 
 
 SLACK, S. coal broken into duft, 
 
 SLACKNESS, S. want of tightnefs. At- 
 tention, tendency, or force. 
 
 SLAG, S. the drofs of metal. 
 
 SLAIN, participle pafliive of Slay. 
 
 To SLAKE, V. A. [according to Skinner 
 from JJack j but rather from JJock, Ifl. to ex- 
 tinguilh orquenchj to quench or extinguilh. 
 To temper with water. To allay. Neuterly, 
 to grow lefs tight. 
 
 To SLAM,^ V. A. [kma. Id. fcb lagan ^Tic\g.\ 
 ta flaughter or crufli. To fling a door to with 
 violence. 
 
 To SLh'ND-ER^V. A.[efcalaundre, Fr.fcan- 
 dalum, Lat.] to fpeak ill of another falfcly. 
 
 SLA'NDER, S. a falfe report or reproach. 
 A difgrace. 
 
 SLANG, pretcr of Sling. 
 
 SLANT, or SLANTING, Adj, [JJar^d'e, 
 3elg.J Oblii^ue, ^ u s > 
 
 S L E 
 
 SLAP, S. [fch!ap, Tcut.] a blow with the 
 hand open, or fomething flat. 
 
 To SLAP, V. A. to ftrike with a flap. 
 
 To SLASH, V. A. [Jlafa, Ifl.] to cut, or 
 wound with long cuts. Neuterly, to ftrike at 
 random witli a fword. 
 
 SLASH, S. a cut or wound. A cut in 
 cloth. 
 
 SLATE, S. [from//V, or efcUte, Fr.] a 
 grey fofllle flone, which eafily flits into thin 
 pieces, and is ufed to cover houfes or to wriic 
 on. 
 
 To SLATE, V. A. to cover a roof with 
 fla'e. 
 
 SLA'TTERN, S. [JJactti, Swed.J a wo- 
 man who is negligent and flovenly in her 
 drefs. 
 
 SLAVE, S. [efdave, Fr. Jlaga, KufT.Jluga, 
 Sclav.] one taken prifonerin war, or brought 
 and obliged to ferve a perfon during life. 
 
 To SLAVE, V.N. to drudge or labour 
 very hard. 
 
 SLA'VER, S, [Jl^/a, Id. fullva, Lat.] 
 fpittle running from the mouth. 
 
 To SLA'VER, V.N. [fee Slabber] to 
 be fmeared with fpittle. To let fpittle drop 
 from the mouth. A£Hvely, to fmear with 
 fpittle, 
 
 SLA'VERY, S. the condition of a perfon 
 who has lofl his liberty. 
 
 SLAU'GH PER, S. [onjlaugt. Sax ofjlagan 
 or /legaii, Six.] delira£iion by the fword, in- 
 cluding the idea of multitude. 
 
 To SLAU'GHTER, V, A. to malTacrcor 
 kill. 
 
 SLAU'GHTEPs.OUS, Adv, deHruclive ; 
 murderous. 
 
 SLAVISH, Adj. like a flave. Mean j 
 bafe. 
 
 To SLAY, V. A. [preter./ew, part. paff. 
 JJahi \Jlaban, Goth f,ean, Sax.] to kill or put 
 to death, 
 
 SLEAZY, Adj. \Jlalcht, Goth, //V/^, Sax.] 
 weak, or wanting fubftance. 
 
 SLED, S. [Jlade, Rim. JJad, Dan,] a car- 
 riage drawn without wheels, 
 
 SLEDGE, S, [Jleeg, SdX.JJ^^ggia, Ifl,] a 
 large heavy hammer, A carriage without 
 wheels, or with very fliort ones j more pro- 
 perly _/W, 
 
 SLEEK, Adj. [JIaibt, Goth. Jlitbe, Sax. 
 Jlcchf, Belg.] {mooth, Glofly. 
 
 To SLEEK, V. A. to comb fmooth and 
 even. To render foft, fmooth, or glofly. 
 
 To SLEEP, V. N, [pret. and part, pafT. 
 Jlept ; Jlepan, Goth, Jleepun, Sax,] to take 
 one's reft with a total fufpenfion of all the 
 faculties of the mind. To reft or be mo- 
 tionlefs. To live without care or thought, 
 followed by oTifr. To beinattCHtive, 
 
 SLEEP, S, [Jlcp, Goth, Jla:p, S3LK.Jlef>e, 
 RulT.] that ftate wherein the body feems per- 
 fe^lyat reft, and external obje(fls aft on the 
 orgnns of fenfe, without exciting their ufual 
 fenfations, 
 
 SLLE PLESS,
 
 S L I 
 
 , •SLEEPLESS, Adj. without (leeping. 
 
 SLEtTY, Adj. drowfyoruifpofedtuJleep. 
 Not awake. Caufing flcep. 
 
 SLEET, S. [JIa, Dan. J fmall hail or fnow 
 failing in (ingle particles. 
 
 To SLEEr, V. N. to fnow in fmall pav- 
 iicles 
 
 SLEEVE, S. Iff, Sax.] that part of a 
 garment which covers the arras. A knot or 
 fKain. " The raveU'dy/tt'i/,.' of care." Shak. 
 Ts laugh in one's Jltt-vc, is to laugh at an- 
 other unknown to him j from ftwve, Belg. 
 a cover. To hang on onesjiccvcy is to be de- 
 pendant. 
 
 SLEE'VELESS, Adj. wanting fleeves 5 
 without fieeves. Wanting propriety or efie^^t. 
 Unreafonable, or groiindiefs. 
 
 SLEIGHT,S. [/.y'rf, Ifl.j an artful trick. 
 Sieigot of hand, the tricks or dexterity of a 
 juggler. 
 
 SLE'NDER, Adj. {ficndW, Be!g. ] thin 
 or frnall in circumference. Small in the 
 waift. Not biiiky or flrong. Small, applied 
 to income. 
 
 SLEPT, participle of Sleep. 
 
 SLEW, preter. of Slav. 
 
 To SLEY, V. A, to part or twift into 
 threads. 
 
 T« SLICE, V. N. \flnten. Sax,] to cut 
 into fiat pieces, or parts. To cut or divide. 
 
 SLICE, S. !_///?£-, Sax.]a bro.id piece cut olF. 
 A broad head fixed in a handle. ' 
 
 SLID, preter. of Slide. 
 
 To SLIDE,V. N. [preter. yZiJ, pa.rt. pa>T. 
 ft'idder. ; fi'idan, flidcnde. Sax. J to pafs along 
 fmoothly. To move without lifting up the 
 feet. To pafs unnoticed. To pafs infenfibJy 
 from good to bad. Actively, to pafs imper- 
 ceptibly, ufed with in. 
 
 SLIDE, S. a fmooth and eafy paflage. A 
 fmooth path worn on the ice by Hiding. A 
 flow or even courfe. 
 
 SLIGHT, Adj. [jVicht, Helg.] fmall or in- 
 xonfidcrate, applied to value. Weak, applied 
 . to argument or ftrength. 
 
 SLIGHT, S. a contemptuous negleft. 
 An artifice. 
 
 To SLIGHT, V. A. to negleift or con- 
 temn. To difregard. To treat or pciform 
 farelefsly. 
 
 SLI'GHTNESS.'S. weaknefs. Negli- 
 gence or difregard. 
 
 SLIM, Adj. (lender. 
 
 SLIME, S. [/;•«, Sax. //^w, Eclg.] vif- 
 cous mire. 
 
 SLl'M Y, Adj. vilcous; covered with/lime. 
 
 SLING, S. [Jlingan, S3\.J}ingen, Belg.j 
 a kind of weapon made with a flrap and 
 t«o firings, by which a body is call at a 
 dillancc, by jirking it and loofing one of the 
 (trings. A bandage worn to fupport a broken 
 iJMib. 
 
 'i'o SLING, V. A. to throw by a fling. 
 To hang loofcly by a firing. To move oi 
 raife by means of a rope and crane. 
 
 S L O 
 
 To SLINK, V. N. [pvcttr. funk i finger, 
 Sax.j to fneak or fled out of the way. Ac- 
 tively, to mifcarry of. 
 
 To SLIP, V. N. [fipan. Sax. flippe», 
 Belg.j to fliJc or not tread firm. To move or 
 fly unexpectedly out of it? place. To move 
 ilily or unperceived. To fall into a fault or 
 error. To efcape or be worn out of the me- 
 mory. A(flively, to convey fecretly. To lofc 
 by negligence. To feperate twigs from a tree 
 by te^iring them off, To let loofe, applied to 
 a dog. To throw ofl'any reltraint. To pais 
 over negligently, 
 
 slip', S. the aftof flipping; a falfc ftep. 
 An error or millake. A f.vig from the .T.ain 
 flock. A leafh or firing in which a dog is 
 held. An efcape. A long narrow piece. 
 A narrow gallery on the lides of the 
 theatre. 
 
 : SLi'PPER, S, a Ihoe^ fometimes without* 
 hind quarter, 
 
 SLl'PPERY, Adj. fmocth, glib ; not af- 
 folding firm footing. Hard to hold or keep. 
 Uncertain. Fickle. Unchafte, 
 
 To SLIT, V.A. [preter. and ^art. fit, and 
 fitud-Jlitan, Sax.] to cut lengthwife. 
 
 SLLi', S. [Sax.j a long cut, or narrow 
 opening. 
 
 To SLIVE, or SLI'VER, V. A. [//A«, 
 Sax. J tofplit, or cut offa large piece length- 
 wife. 
 
 SLI'VER, S, a flit ; or a large piece cut 
 
 ofi: 
 
 SLO'BBER, S. fee Slabber. 
 
 To SLOCK, V. N. {fock.n, Swed: and 
 Dan.] to flake j to quench. 
 
 SLOE, [ fj, Sax.y/ow, Dan.] the fruit of 
 the black thorn. 
 
 SLOOP, S. a fmall fiiip. 
 
 To SLOP, V. A. to fcatter w^ater about.1 
 
 SLOP, S. [Sax.77ww, Bclg.] a pair of 
 trowfcrs or open breeches. Mean and vile 
 liquor of any kind. 
 
 SLOPE, Adj. [fjf>, Belg loofe ; loopen, 
 Belg.] obliqne, declining; applied to any fur- 
 face, one of whofe fides approaches nearerthe 
 groimd than the other. 
 
 SLOPE, S. an oblique direflion or declin- 
 ing furface 
 
 To SLOPE, V. A. to form a (hape ob- 
 liquely. Neuterly, to declare. 
 
 SLO'PPY, Adj. [fee Sr.op] miry or wet. 
 
 To SLOT.V. k.[fuglai, Belg.j to Itrike 
 or clafh hard, 
 
 SLOT, S. [fod, in.] the track of a deer. 
 
 SLOTH, S. [fanvth-.f.-nvth. Sax. ] want 
 of vigi«ur or expedition. Lazinefs 
 
 SLO'THFUL, Adj. fiow in motion or 
 action. 
 
 SLOUGH,S, [formerly fpelt/ortcA ^fufh- 
 xifi, Sclav.] a downcafl look ; a perfbn who 
 has an ungainly, heavy clownifh look. 
 
 To SLOUCH, V. N. to have a downcafl 
 clownilh look. 
 
 SLO'VEN, S, [facf, Bdg.yfywft, Brit.] 
 a man
 
 S M A 
 
 a man who has no regard to neatnefs or clean- 
 nefsofdrefs. 
 
 SLOUGH, S. \iflog, Belg.] a deep miry 
 place. A hole full of dirr. The (kin which 
 a ferpent has cad off. The foul p^irt of a 
 fore. 
 
 SLOW, Adj. \f<-!nv, Jlatv, Sax. Jlcuiv, 
 Frif.] wanting fwiftnefs, applied to motion. 
 Late, applied to time. Dull, or inadtive. 
 Not eafily provoked. In compofition, it has 
 the fenfe of an adverb. 
 
 SLOW- WORM, S. [faivrym. Sax.] the 
 blind worm. 
 
 To SLU'BBER, V. A. [perhaps from 
 lubber, or f.Mcr'\ to do any tiling in an im- 
 perfeift or lazy manner. To ftain or daub. 
 To cover in a coarfe manner. 
 
 SLUDGE, S. dirt mixed with water. 
 
 SLUG, S. [Dan, Jloch, Belg.] a heavy, 
 fleepy, and lazy perfon. An obftrudion. A 
 flow creeping fnail. An oval piece of metal 
 nfed in loading a gun, from jlccg^ Sax. a ham- 
 mer head. 
 
 To SLUG, V. N. to be hzy or move 
 fiowly. 
 
 SLU'GGARD, S, a perfon too much 
 given to fleep and lazinefs. 
 
 SLU'GGISH, Adj, lazy j drowfy ; (loth- 
 ful. 
 
 SLU'GGISHNESS, S. (loth ; lazinefs. 
 
 SLUICE, S. [pyfe, Belg. elduje, Fr fclufa, 
 Ttal,] a Watergate or vent for water that is 
 pent up. 
 
 To SLUICE, V. A, to let out by flood- 
 gates. To wet with a large quantity of wa- 
 ter. 
 
 To SLU'MBER, V, N. {Jlumera!i,Si^. 
 Jluymcrcn, Belg.] to (leep (lightly or imper- 
 feilly. Figuratively, to be in a flate of 
 negligence. A£lively, to be afleep. To 
 ftun. 
 
 SLU'MBER, S. light and impcrfeft fleep 
 
 SLUNG', the preter, and participle pad. 
 of Sling. 
 
 SLUNK, the preter. and part. pafE of 
 Si. INK. 
 
 To SLUR, V. A. [foorig, Belg.] to fully 
 or foil. To pafs lightly ; to baulk or mifs. 
 To cheat. 
 
 SLUR, S. a faint reproach. A light dif 
 grace. 
 
 SLUT, S. [JloJJe, Belg.] a woman who 
 regards neither cleanlinefs or decency in drefs 
 or bufincfs. 
 
 SLY, Adj. \Jlhh, Sax./c, Rufl.J fccretly 
 infidious or malicious. Crafty. 
 
 SLY'NESS, S. [fromyi>J the quality of 
 being de(igneJly artful. 
 
 To SMACK, V. N. [fniacken, Sax.] to 
 have a tafte. To make a noifo by the Hid- 
 den fcperation of the lips after havine; prefled 
 tlicm Itronglv together To kif., fo as to be 
 h-ird. Adlively, to make a quick and ff.art 
 noife. 
 
 SMACK, S. a taOe, or favour, A fmall 
 
 S M I 
 
 quantity. A loud kifs. A fmart and fliarf 
 noife. A fmall fhip, i\omft:acca,\l\. 
 
 SMALL, Adj. [Sax. /•;.•«/, Mg. finjian, 
 Ifl.] little in lize, quantity, quality, impor- 
 tance, or value. 
 
 SMALL-COAL, S. little wood coals ufcd 
 in lighting fires. 
 
 SMALL-CRAFT, S. a little vefTcl below 
 the rank of a Ihip. 
 
 SMALL-POX, S. a contagious difeafe, 
 confilHng of a. general eruption, of podule? 
 tending to fuppuration, and accompanied witli 
 a fever. 
 
 SMALT, S. a blue colour in powder ufei 
 in painting ; blue enamel. 
 
 SMA'RAGDINE, Adj. made of emerald 5 
 refembling emerald, 
 
 SMART, S, [fmcorta, Sax. fmert, Belg.] 
 a quick, (harp, aud pungent pain, applied 
 both to the body and mind. 
 
 To SMART, V. N. {fweort<i>!. Sax. 
 pnerten, Belg. ] to feel a quick and lively pain, 
 either of body or mind. 
 
 SMART, Adj. caufing a (liarp pain. 
 Quick, vigorous, or adive. Brifk. 
 
 SMART, S. a perfon remarkably brLTc, 
 lively, and neatly dve(red. 
 
 SMATCH, S. [corrupted kom fmack] a 
 tafte or twang. 
 
 To SMA'TTER, V. N. to have a flight 
 tafle or afupcrficiil and imperfed knowledge. 
 To talk ignorantly. 
 
 SMA'i'TER, S, imperfecl or fuperficial 
 knowledge, 
 
 SMA'TTFRER, S. one that has a fuper- 
 ficial knowledge. 
 
 To SMEAR, V. A. Ifmeran, Sax./wwf», 
 Belg.] to fpread with any'thiDg vifcousj t9 
 foil. 
 
 To SMELL, V. N. to ftrike the noftrik; 
 to have a particular fcent, 
 
 SMPXL, the fenfe of which the nofe \s 
 the organ ; fcent, 
 
 SMELT, the pret. and part. pafT oifmdt. 
 To SMELT, V. A. [fme/ten, Belg.j to 
 melt ore, fa fo as to extracft the metal. 
 
 To SMERK, V. A. [fmerdan, Sax.j to 
 fmile or look wantonly. 
 
 SMl'CKET, S. a woman's fliift. 
 To SMILE, V. N. [fmuylcn, Belg.] to 
 look pleafant or joyous. 
 
 SMILE, S. a look of pleafuie or kinJ- 
 ncfs. 
 
 To SMIRCM, V, A. to cloud ; to du/k ; 
 to foil. 
 
 fo SMITE, V. A. [preterite fmote, part. 
 pad. />.'/;> or fmittcn, f lom finir,in ,S,,ix fm',jt,-n, 
 Belg.] to ftrike ; to kill ; to afflid; to blaft j 
 to affeift will) any padlon. 
 
 SMITH, S. [f,mt{>, Sax. /»j«;^, Teut.J 
 one who forges with a hammer. One who 
 works in metals. A perfon who nxakes any 
 thing. 
 
 SMI'THERY, or SMl'THY, S. the (hop 
 or fyrgc of a fmith. 
 
 SMITTEN^
 
 SNA 
 
 SMI'TTEN, participle padive of Smite. 
 
 SMOCK, S. [fmoc, Sax.] the under linen 
 garment of a woman. Ufed ludicioufly for 
 any thin;; belonging particularly to a woman. 
 
 SMO'CKFACED, Adj. pale-faced ; hav- 
 ing a beardlcfs face. 
 
 SMOKE, S. [/«off,Sax./w5c<:i, Belg.]the 
 footy or blackifli cloud which afcends from 
 any thing burning. 
 
 To SMOKE, V. N. to caufe a dark cloud 
 cr exhalation from any thing burning. Figu- 
 ratively, to burn or be kindled. To move 
 ■with fuch rapidity as to raife duft or fmoke. 
 To ufe tobacco in a pips. To fmell or hunt 
 out. Actively, to fcent or dry in fmoke. 
 To fmell or find out. To fjieer or ridicule to 
 one's face. 
 
 SMOOTH, Adj. {fn-.eth, fmoetb. Sax. 
 
 t having no unevennefs or afperity on the 
 
 lurface. GlofTy j equal, or without any 
 
 bounds or jirks, applied to motion. Mild or 
 
 foothing. 
 
 To SMOOTH, V. A. to level or make a 
 furface even. To free from pbftrudions. To 
 free fromharlhnefs, applied to found. To pal- 
 liate or foften, applied to excufe. To calm 
 or mollify. Toeafe. 
 
 SMOTE, prcccr of Smite, 
 
 To SMO'lHER, V. A. [Jmorati, Sax,] 
 to fuffocate by fmoke, or by the oppreffion 
 of fomething which hinders a perfon from 
 breathing. Figuratively, to fupprefs. Neu- 
 ferly, to fmoke without vent. To be fuppref- 
 fcd or kept low. 
 
 SMOTHER, S. a great vapour or fmoke. 
 
 SMOL'LDERING, or SMOU'LDRY, 
 Part. Adj. [J/rccly Belg.] burning or fnioking 
 for want of vent. 
 
 SMUG, Adj. [fmucken, Belg.] nicej 
 fprnce ; dreffed neatly. 
 
 To SMU'GGLE, V. A. [Jmockehtt, Belg ] 
 to run goads, or to import or export gouds 
 without paying the curtom?. 
 
 SMU'GGLER, S. one who imports or ex- 
 ports goods without paying the cufloms. 
 
 SMUT, S. [fmitta. Sax. fmettcy Belg.] 
 fmccke, RuH".] a fpot made with foot or coal. 
 Blacknefs gathered on corn. Immodefl lan- 
 guage. 
 
 To SMUT, V. A. to (lain or mark with 
 foot or coal. To tarnifh with mildew. 
 
 To SMUTCH, V. A. to blacken with 
 imoke. 
 
 SNACK, f from/»«/<ri]*a (hare. 
 
 SNA'FFLE, S. [fravel, Belg.] a bridle 
 which crolTes the nofc. 
 
 SNAG, S. [the etymology uncertain] a 
 jag or (harp protuberance. A tooth left by 
 iticlf, or (landing out beyond the reft. 
 
 SNAIL, S. I _/;:^^/, Sax. /nf|./, Belg.] a 
 flimy animal which creeps with its (hell on 
 iti back. Figuratively, a flow or fluggifh 
 perfon. 
 
 SNAKE, S. [/k^m, Sax. fnake, Belg.] 
 a fcrpent »f the oviparous kind. 
 
 S N I 
 
 To SNAP, V. A. to break at once, or toj 
 break Ihort. To flrike with a fnapping noife. j 
 To bite. To catch fuddenly and micxpeft- 
 edly. To treat with (harp langu^age. Neu- 
 terly, to be brittle or break with a fniart noife. 
 To make an effort to bite. 
 
 SNAP, S. the aft of breaking (hort. A 
 greedy perfon. A quick and eager bite. A 
 morfd or bite. 
 
 SNA'PPISH, Adj. peevifhj furlyj lliarp 
 in reply. 
 
 SNA'PSACK, S. [Swed.] a foldier's bag. 
 
 SNARE, S. [fnara, Swed. fnan, Dan.] 
 any thing fet to catch an animal. Any thing 
 in which a perfon is entrapped, or brought 
 unwarily into danger. 
 
 To SNARE, V. A. to entrap. 
 
 ToSNARL, V. N. [f>:arren, Belg.] to 
 growl, applied to the noife made by a dog, 
 &c. when angry. Figuratively, to fpeak 
 rough, or in fharp language. 
 
 To SNATCH, V. A. [fnacken, Eclg.] to 
 feize any thing haftily. To tranfmit or carry 
 fuddenly. Neuterly, to bite or catch at fome- 
 thing eagerly. 
 
 SNATCH, S. an hafty and eager catch or 
 feizure, A (hort fit of vigorous adlion. A 
 fmall or broken part. 
 
 To SNEAK, V. N. [fnkan, Sa%. fnige, 
 Dan.] to creep flily ; to come or go as if 
 afraid to be fcea. To behave in a mean and 
 fcrvile manner. 
 
 SNE'AKER, S. alargeveffel of drink. 
 
 SNE'AKING, Part, Adj. fcrvile; mean. 
 Covetous ; niggardly. 
 
 To SNEAP, V. A. [a corruption of/«;>, 
 or flap, a reprimand] to reprimand or check. 
 To nip. 
 
 SNEAP, S. a check or reprimand. 
 
 To SNEER, V. A. [properly derived from 
 the fame root as fnore or frcrt'\ to (how 
 contempt by an oblique look. To (how 
 contempt obliquely. To praifc in a jeering 
 manner. 
 
 SNEER, S. the aftofpraifing ironically. 
 A look of contemptuous ridicule. 
 
 To SNEEZE, V. A. [nie/av. Sax. niefen, 
 Belg.] to expel wind forcibly and audibly 
 through the nofe. 
 
 To SNIB, V. A. [fn'Mt, Dan,] to check, 
 nip, or repriinand. 
 
 SNICK and SNEE, S. a combat with 
 knives. 
 
 To SNI'CKER, V. N. [or /nigger] to 
 laugh fliiy, or laugh in one's fleeve. 
 
 To SNIFF, or SNI'FFLE, V, A. [fmfa, 
 Swed.] to draw the breath audibly up the 
 nofe. 
 
 ToSNI'GGLE, V. N. to catch eels in 
 their holes by means of a hook baited and 
 tied to a cord. 
 
 To SNIP, V. A. ifnlppen, Belg.] to cut 
 at once with fcilfars. 
 
 SNIP, S. a cut made with fciflars. A 
 fmall (hred. 
 
 3 SNIPE,
 
 s o 
 
 SNIPF, S. a fmall fen fowl. Figuratively, 
 a fool or blockhead. 
 
 To SNIPE, V. A. [ fnitan. Sax.] to blow 
 the nofe. 
 
 SNI'VEL, S. [fr.a-oe!, ox Jnevel, Teut.] 
 the vifcous humour of the nofe. 
 
 To SNI'VEL, V.N. toiun at the nufc. 
 Figuratively, to cry like a child. 
 
 To SNORE, V. N. [ Jnorken, Belg.] to 
 breath audibly through the nofe in fleep. 
 , SNORE, S. an hard and audible breathing 
 through the nofe in lleep. 
 
 To SNORT, V. A. [Jnorken, Bclg.] to 
 ■ breath (hort and audibly through the nofe 
 like a high mettled horfe. 
 
 SNOT, S. [Bclg. /wff. Sax.] the vifcous 
 humour of the nofe. 
 
 bNOUT, S. [/r;KV^, Belg.] the aofe of a 
 hog, &c. The nofe of a man, in contempt. 
 The nofe or end of any epen pipe. 
 
 SNOW, S. [fenah, Goth, fr.a-w. Sax ] a 
 meteor formed in the middle region of the air 
 of vapours raifed by the fun, &c. whofe parts 
 are there congealed and returned to the earth 
 in white flakes. 
 
 ' To SNOW, V.N. {fnaivan,Szyi.fmeu- 
 iven, Belg.] to fall in white flakes. 
 
 SNO'WY, Adj. white like fnow. A- 
 bounding with fnow, 
 
 SNUB, S. [fnebhe, Belg.] a jag or knot in 
 wood. A check or reprimand. 
 
 To SNUB, feeSNiB. 
 
 ToSNUDGE, V.N. [fnlger,T)m.] to 
 lie clofe or fnug. 
 
 SNUFF, S. [fnuf, Belg.] that part of the 
 wick of a c?ndle which is burnt black and be- 
 comes iifelefs. A candle almoft burnt out. 
 Refentment exprefTed by drawing the breath 
 audibly up the nofe. Tobacco ground to 
 powder taken up the nofe. 
 
 To SNUFF, V. A. [fmffcn, BtXg.] to 
 draw up the nofe together with the breath. 
 To fcent. To crop the wick of a candle. 
 Neuterly, to fnort or draw the breath by the 
 nofe. 'Jo (how contempt by drawing the 
 breath audibly up the nofe. 
 
 SNU'FFERS, S. an inflrument with 
 which the wick of a burning candle is clip- 
 ped. 
 
 ToSNU'FFLE, V.N. [ fnuffelert, Be\g.] 
 to fpcak through the nofe. 
 
 To SNUG, V.N. [fr.iger, Belg.] to lie 
 clofe. 
 
 SNUG, Adj. clofe or free from inconve- 
 nience or notice. 
 
 To SNUG, or SNUGGLE, V. N. to lie 
 clofe together. 
 
 SO, Adv. [fwa, Goth, and Sax. /oo, 
 Belg. yi, Teut.] when anfwering to aj, in 
 like manner. In fuch a degree or manner. 
 Thus. For this caufe or reafon. When 
 anfwered by as, on thefe terms, or on this 
 condition. Provided. When ufcd as an 
 abrupt beginning of a fentence, it implies, 
 well. So wuibtis, implies how much foever.. 
 
 SOD 
 
 Scfo, Implies Indiifercntly. So then, implies, 
 therefore. 
 
 •Jo SOAK, V. N. [foclan. Sax.] to Ke 
 fome time (ieeped in muifrure To enter by 
 degrees into the pores. To drink intcmpe- 
 rateiy. Actively, to keep in moifturc till it 
 penetrates. 
 
 SOAl\ S, \fape, Sax*, fapo, I.at.] a fiib- 
 (lance ufed in walliing, made of a lixivium «£ 
 vegetable alhcs, and fome unduous lubAance. 
 
 60'AP-bOILER, S. One who makes 
 foap. 
 
 To SO.AR, V. N. [forare, Itai.] to fly or 
 mount ulott without any vifibie motion of the 
 wings. I'o mount or rife high. 
 
 SO/iR, S. a towering flight 
 
 To SOB, V. N. \fioban, Sax.fohhen, Belg.] 
 to fetch a convulfive figh. To heave audibly 
 with coHvuluvL- forrow, 
 
 SOB, S. a convulfive fi^h caufeJ by forrow 
 obflruiftiiig the refpiration. 
 
 SO'BER, Adj. [foire, Fr. fobnus, Lat.] 
 temperate, or not intoxicated with liquors. 
 Not overpowered by drink ; free from any 
 inordinate pafiion. Serious or grave. 
 
 To SO'BER, V. A. to care or free from 
 druiikcnnefs. 
 
 SO'BERKESS, orSOBRI'ETY, S. [/,- 
 /iriet/, Fr.] temperance in drink. Freedom 
 from any inordinate paffion. Coolnefs. 
 
 SOCCAGE, S. f jec, Fr.] in lawa tenure 
 of lands by fomehufbandry fervice performed 
 to the lord of the fee, 
 
 SO'CIABLE, Adj. [Fr. fodailli!, Lat.] fit 
 to be joined together. Friendly ; convcr- 
 fiblc ; inclined to company. 
 
 SO'CIABLENESS, S. the quality of be- 
 ing affable 5 inclined to and fit for company. 
 
 SO'CIAL, Adj. [fcclalis, Lat.] relating t« 
 fociety. Fit for company or converfation. 
 
 SOCIETY, S. [/*.i.< Fr./onV/as, Lat.] 
 the union of many in one common interetl. 
 Several perfons united together by rules in one 
 common intereft. Company. Partnerlhip. 
 
 SOCK, S. [Jcc, Sax. fock], Belg. /<jrcw, 
 Lat.] fomething put in a fhoe between the 
 fole and the foot. The fhoe of the ancient 
 comedians. Poetically, co.mcdy. 
 
 SO'CKET, S. [fouckctte, Fr.] any hol- 
 low pipe ; generally applied to the hollow 
 part of a candlcftick: The hollow of the 
 eye ; a cavity in which any thing is infert- 
 ed. 
 
 SOD, S. [foed, Belg. fud, Perf. fudou:^ 
 Rufl. baked] a turf or clod. 
 
 SOD, preter of Seethe. 
 
 SODA'LITY, S. a fellowfhip ; a frater- 
 nity. 
 
 SO'DDEN, part, padive of Seethe. 
 
 To SO'DER, or SOLDER, V. A. [fcudtrt 
 Fr.Jcudcren, Belg. but generally fpclt yj/Ar, 
 and then derived hom Jo/dare, Fr. or foUdo^ 
 Lat.] to cement or join !)y metal. 
 
 SO'DER, or SOLDER, S. mctalufei in 
 joining things together. 
 
 SODO'MY,
 
 SOL 
 
 SODO'MY, S. bu!:cei7 ; n fii) of the flefti 
 ■G;ainft nature ; {o called bccaufe commilted 
 by the inlKibitants of Sodom, 
 
 SOEVER, Adv. at all j any ; generaUy 
 nfed ia compofition with feme pronoun. 
 
 SO' FA, S. [Arab.] a fplendid feat covered 
 with carpets. 
 
 SOFT, Adj. rSax./i/?,Belg.]caniy yields 
 ing to the touch, oppofcd to hard. Sumptu- 
 ous or delicate, applied to drefs. Diidile 5 
 yielding; niild ; meek, applied to temper. 
 Timorous. liafy or gentle, appled to mo- 
 tion. Effemii-nteiy pice. Weak or hin pie, 
 applied to the imderftanding. Gentle or low, 
 applied to found. 
 
 SOFT, Interjeft. (lop ; hold ; not fo fafl. 
 
 To SO'FTEN, V. A. to make fo as it may 
 cafily retain or yield to any impredion. To 
 molify, compofc, or make Icfs angry er fierce. 
 To affeft with pity. Neuterly, to grow kfs 
 hard, Icfs cruel, orlefs obflinate. 
 
 SO'FTN'I'SS, S. the quality of being foft. 
 Mildnefs ; civility. 
 
 SO.HO, Intcrj. a form of calling at a 
 diftance. 
 
 _ To SOIL, V. A. r//w?:, Sax.] to make 
 dirty j to rtain j to change the colour by. 
 dirt. To dung. 
 
 SOIL, S, dirt or foulnefs. Ground, or 
 earth confidered with refpeiH; to its qualities 
 for grosvth, from /f/, Fr. folu;?:, Lat. A 
 country or land. Dung. 
 
 To SO'JOURN, V. N. [foujcurnei; Yr.fcg- 
 giornare, Ital. j to dwell in a toreign country 
 for a time. 
 
 To SO'LACE, V. A. {JchcUr, Fr. jolaz.- 
 ViHre, Ital. fc'r.tiun:, Lat.] t« comfort, or make 
 a perfon lefs fenfible of calamity. Neutsrly, 
 to take comfort. 
 
 SO'LACE, S. comfort. Any thing which 
 renders a perfon lefs fenfible of calamity. 
 
 SO'LAR, SO'LARY, Adj. [ fo/are, Fr. 
 folaris, Lat.] Jjeing of, or belonging to, the 
 fun. 
 
 SOLD, prefer, of Sell. 
 
 SO'LDAN, S. fee Sultam. 
 
 ToSO'LDER, V. A.feeSoDER. 
 
 SO'LDIER, S. [joldat, ¥t.oi folidarhny 
 Lat. I a perfon who ferves under a command- 
 er in an army; originally one who fights 
 for pay. 
 
 SO'LDIERY, S. the body of foldiers. 
 
 SOLE, S. [Jul, Per, a.w/, Arm.] the 
 bottom of the foot. Figuratively, the foot. 
 That part of a Ihoe which reftson the ground. 
 A flat filh. 
 
 To SOLE, V, A. to put a new fole on a 
 flioe. 
 
 SOLE, Adj. [fol, Fr.filus, Lat.] fiagle; 
 only. In law, not married, 
 
 SO'LECISM. S. [^:-KoiMi<Tjx(x, Gi,] an 
 improper cx,^rcfT^on.. 
 
 SO'LEMN, Adj. [Jl!,!!:m, Lat. foletnnfl, 
 Fr.] grave, awful ; performed with reverence 
 and gravity. 
 
 SOL 
 
 SOLEMNITY, S. [folcmr.r'c, Fr.] a fc^ 
 ligious, grave, or awful ceremony, or prc- 
 
 (llOlli 
 
 SOLEMNIZA'TION, S. the aft of cele- 
 brating. 
 
 To ^Q/LEMNIZE, V. A. [/o/r^mj^r, Fr.} 
 to perfoim the ceremonies of any particular 
 rite. To ct lel>r ite. 
 
 To SOLI'CIT, V. A. [folidto, Lat.] to' 
 afk with great importunity. To excite. Ta 
 attemot, or try to obtain. 
 
 SOLICIT A'TION, S. importunity; in- 
 vitation. 
 
 SOLI'CITOR, S, a petitioner for ano- 
 ther. In Law, a perfon who docs in Chan- 
 cery the bufinefs which is done by attorneys 
 in other courts. 
 
 SOLI'CITOUS, Adj. Ifoiicitou!, Lat.] anxi- 
 ous, careful, or concerned ; ufed with about 
 and fometimes w'nh for or o/'before the tiling 
 which caufes anxiety ; butyir is moft proper 
 before fomethino which is to be obtained. 
 
 SOLI'CITUDE, S. anxiety. 
 
 SO'LID, Adj. [J'Jide, Fr. fiUdus, Lat.] 
 having its parts fo clofely connefted, as not 
 to flip or give way on prefliire, oppofed to 
 fluid. Compaft, or full of matter, oppofed 
 to hollow. Strong, oppofed to weak. Real 
 or true, oppofed to falacious. Grofs, op- 
 pofed to light. 
 
 SO'LID, S, a thing wbofe parts will not 
 give way to any flight impreffion. In geome- 
 try, the tbiid ip^cies of magnitude, contain- 
 ing length, brcai^th, and depth. 
 
 SOLI'DITY, S. a propcTty of matter 
 whereby it excludes other bodies from the 
 place which it pofTefics itfelf. Firmnefs ; 
 hardnefs. Truth. Certainty. 
 
 SOLI'LOQIJY, S. \Joti!ocue, Ir.fclus, and 
 kquor, Lat.] a difcourie held in folitude, or 
 by a perfon who utters his thoughts in words> 
 though no one is prefent, 
 
 SOLITA'IRE, S. [Fr.] a reclufe or her- 
 mit. An ornament for the neck. 
 
 SOLITARY, Adj. [Jolitalre, Yr. folita- 
 rhrs, Lat.] living alone, remote from com- 
 pany. Single. 
 
 SO'LITUDE, S. the ftate of a perfon who 
 is at a diftancc from company. A place re- 
 mote from company or any populous city. 
 
 SOLLAR, S. [ fobrlutn, low Lat. ja garret. 
 
 SO'LO, S. (Itid.j atunefung.by a finglc 
 perfon or played by a fingle inlhument. 
 
 SO'LSTICE, S.' [ Ft./olftititm, Lat.] that 
 point in the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer 
 beyond which the fun never goes, and feems 
 to red for fome days. 
 
 SOLSTITIAL, Adj. belonging to die 
 folftice. . - : ■ 
 
 SO'LUBLE, Adj. IfuiubHis; Lat-l oapa- 
 ble of having its • -rts feparated or difiblvcd. 
 
 SO'LUIULITV.S. capable of being fepa- 
 rated or difTolved. 
 
 To SO'LVE, V. A. Z.fck'0, Lzt.} to clear 
 or explain any tiling ditficulc. . 
 
 - SO'L.-
 
 sou 
 
 SO'LVENCY, S. abiilry to pay. 
 
 SOLU'TJON, S. [Fr. Js.'utio, Lat.] the 
 aft of explaining any thing difficult. The 
 aift of feperating or diflolving. Any thing 
 whofe parts are fepaiated or diflblvcd. 
 
 SOMATO'LOGY, S. [o-%-i« and Xa>a, 
 Gr.] the doftrine of" bodies. 
 
 SOTvIE, [from^^vw, S:ix.] is iifedin com- 
 pofition after adjciflives and lubftantives, and 
 implies much or a great degree. 
 
 SOME, Adj. [J'cmi fum. Sax.] more or 
 lefs ufed indeterminately. Certain perfons. 
 A little. One or any. 
 
 SO'ME-BODY, S. a perfon. A perfon of 
 dignity. 
 
 SO'MERSAULT, SO'MERSET, S. Fr. 
 \^fommers, Fr. a ham, faut, Fr. a lejp. Ss- 
 nerfet is only a corruption J a leap by vvhicli 
 a perfon flings himfelf from or over a beam, 
 and turns oVer his head at the fame time. 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE, one of the counties 
 of Enghtnd, fo called from Somertuo, for- 
 merly its principal town. Jt is bounded by 
 Devonfhirc on the W. Dorfetfliire on the S, 
 the Briftol channel or Severn fea on the N. a 
 Imall part of Gloiiceflerlhire on the N.E.and 
 Wiltlhire on the E. This is a very rich and 
 large county, being about fixty mile; long 
 from Oure in the W. to Froome in the E. 
 and about fifty where breaded, from Crevv- 
 kernc in the S. to Porfhut in the N. In it 
 are three cities, 42 hundreds 132 vicarages, 
 385 parifhes, near 1700 villages, and 30 
 market towns. It fends eighteen members 
 to parliament, two for the county, and two 
 for each of the following places, viz. Briftol, 
 Bath, Wells, Taunton, Bridgewater, Ilchcfler, 
 Milbourne port, and Minchcad. It contains 
 about zSojCco fouls. The air is the mildeft, 
 and the foil for the mofi part is the richeft in 
 all England, the produce of an acre being 
 fometimes from forty and fifty to fixty bufhels 
 of grain. It is deep and dirty travelling 
 through this county in winter, the moft mar- 
 fhy parts lying between Bridgewater and Ax- 
 bridge ; but in Aimmer there is not that 
 Jength of ground in the kingdom which is 
 fmootherand more pleafant. The wertern 
 and eaflern parts are hilly and (lony j and 
 though fome roads are fplafliy, the bottom 
 is firm. As its foil varies, f« does it pro- 
 duce. It abounds with grain of all kinds, 
 Supplying home and foreign merk>ts with 
 Vaft quantities. The hills yield mines of 
 coal, lead, and copper. Wood thrives here 
 extremely ; and teazles, a fort of thiflics, 
 which the clot'h-drcflcr.i ufe, hardly grow in 
 any place elfe. Ocre is dui; on and about 
 the Mcndip hills { and of lapis calaminaris, 
 (without which and copper no brafs can be 
 made) there is more dug up in this county 
 than in all the kingdom befides. From the 
 richnefsofthe paflureshere are produced vaft 
 <}uantities ofchetfe, of which the beft and 
 ViggeCt arc made at Chedder, not iufsrier to 
 
 SON 
 
 Parmefjn. Its oxen are of equal maf^nitu<^c 
 with thofe of Lancalhire and Linc(5lnlhire, 
 and faid to be of r finer texture ; its val!eys 
 feed and fallen great numbers of flieep, ;.nd 
 thofe of the largeft fize. The maftiffs of this 
 county are the boldcfr of all others of the 
 kind at buU-bairing, Here are manufaiftured 
 all forts of cloth, as broad and narrow ker- 
 feys, druggets., ferges, duroys, and fhalloons; 
 together with fcockings and buttons. In the 
 S. E. parts are alfo made great quantities of 
 lincn. The largeft hills in'^ Somcrfetfhire are 
 Mendip, Pouldon, and Qu?.ntock; the firfc 
 abounding with lead and coal, the fecond 
 with corn-fields, and the third with whurts 
 or whirtleberrics; of which the middling and 
 ordinary pe pie make piec, or eat them only 
 with milk, &c. They are as large as currants, 
 being black when ripe, and of a pungent tafte. 
 Thcfe hills, cfpecijlly Mendip, take diflereiit 
 denominations, according to the paridies they 
 confine on. The people of Somerfet are 
 plain, downright, and free-hearted; but, as 
 one of their own natives obferves, who thinks 
 he knows their temper, " They are charpc- 
 able, in general, with a little too much pofi- 
 tivenefs, biuntnefs, orreferve in converfation; 
 too great a contempt of letter!!, and too mi;ca 
 indifference for the reft of the world, poflibly 
 from their having too high an opinion of 
 their own portion in it ; yet undoubtedly 
 this fliire has produced great men in arms 
 and arts, church and ftate ; we have had our 
 Courcies,^ Gournayj, and Blakes, in war ; 
 our Harringtons and Lockes in fcience ; our 
 Hoopers and Hales in the church ; our Pow- 
 lets, Portmans, Pophams, in the ft:ite ; 
 with many others of great note in that clafs,'* 
 This county, wliich is in the diocefe of Bath 
 and Wells, formerly gave tit!; of Earl, and 
 afterwards of Puke, to the Seymour.s, de- 
 fceuded from Edward Duke of Somcrfet the 
 protc(flor, and uncle to king Edward VI. 
 
 SO'MEHOW, Adv. one way or another. 
 I know not )iow. 
 
 SO'METHIXG, S. [fup^thwg. Sax.] 
 more than nothing. A part. More or Icfs. 
 Adverbially in fome degree. 
 
 SO'METIME, Adv. formerly. 
 
 SO'METIMES, Adv. now and then j at 
 particular times. 
 
 SO'MEWHAT, Adv. in fome degree. 
 
 SO'MEWHERE, Adv. in fome place or 
 other. 
 
 SOMNITEROUS, Adj. [fcmn-fer, Lat.] 
 caufing fleep. 
 
 SO'MNOLENCY, S. (leepinefs. 
 
 SON, S. [ pronounced yi^« .- funus, Goth, 
 foTOim, Ifl. funa., Sax. furie, RulH /yn, Sclav. 
 Boh. and Pol. jic.vw, Dalm. fohn. Teat, fart, 
 Swed. /a»f, Belg.] a male child. A nativr , 
 
 S'ON-IN-LA\V, S. a man married to 
 one's daughter. 
 
 SONA'TA, S. fital.] a tune wholly per- 
 formed by inllruments, 
 
 3 I SONG,
 
 S O R 
 
 SONG, S. Ifrug, Sax.] any words fet 
 lo mufic, A Pocri^ 1 he notes of birds. 
 Poetr^'. Sc':g is proverbial for a trifle. 
 
 SO'NNEIT, S. [Fr.pnittr, Ital.] a poem 
 contained in.J4 verfes, having two flanzas of 
 four verfes, and two of three verfes each, 
 the eij^ht firft being all in two rii;nies, and 
 the lall: containing fomething (hikingly 
 beautiful. It is fuppofed to be invented by 
 Petrarch. 
 
 SOKORl'FICK, Adj. [for.orusdni fjclo, 
 Lat,] giving or biinging {bund. 
 ' SO'NOROUS, A'^dj. [J'.norc, Tr.fnoius, 
 Lat.] loud ; founding 
 
 SOU 
 
 SO'RROWFUL, Adj. grieving for (GmC 
 good lolh 
 
 SO'RRY, Adj. [fong. Sax.] grieved for 
 the lofe of fome good. Vile or worthlefs, 
 from fa:<r, III. filth. 
 
 SORT, S. [forie, Fr.] a kind, fpecies, or 
 cLfs. A manner or degree. 
 
 To SORT, V. A. [fcnic; Lat. ajpirthe, 
 Ital.j to feparate into diltinct fpecies, clanis, 
 ranks or ciders. To conjoin or put together, 
 followed by-zi'/V/i. To red i!ce to order from 
 a Hate of confafion. Neiuerly, to be joined 
 with others of the fame fpecies, followed by 
 "•nth. 
 
 SO'RTMENT, S. the aCi of feparating 
 
 SOON, Adv. \ funs, Goth. /oM, Sax. J _ , - - . _ ., 
 
 Jhortly after any affigned time. i:.;rly, op- i into diflinfl kinds or fpecies, or of producing 
 pofed to late. Readily. Ai foon as, imme-fro.ni a frate of difordei- iato one ot order. A 
 diitely after. At the very time or in llant. | parcel forted. 
 
 SOOT, .S. fpronounoed fut : /;;-, Sax.] 
 
 fmoak fixed and detained in a chimney 
 SOOTH, S. [fc'Jj, Sax.] truth. 
 To SOOTH, or SOOTHE, V. A. \ge- 
 
 fctkrun. Sax.] to flitter or pleafe. To fufttn 
 
 TA^e, pain, or any Inordinate pafilon. To 
 
 gratify. 
 
 ToSOO'TKSAY, V.N. [fee Sooth, the 
 
 nounl to fori:tell 
 
 To SOSS, V. N. to fit lazily, or fall at 
 once in a chair. 
 
 SOT, S. [fcU,Tr. and Belg.] a ftupid 
 perfon, A perfjn lliipiSed by drinking. 
 
 SO'VEREIGN, Adj . [jcu'irraia, Fr. fowa- 
 110, Sp^n. j fupreme, or having no fupetior in 
 power. Of riic preatcft c<Tic.icy. 
 
 BO'Vf RP:IG^K\ S. a fupreme ruler. 
 
 SO'VEREIGNTY, S. {jcuvei-awte, Fr.] 
 
 SOb'THSAYER, 3. one who foretells' hi^lT^flpbcc, power or excellence, 
 future events. • SOUGH, S. f /;:/;, Fr,] a drhtn «uder 
 
 SO'O TY^, Adj. confining of, or daubed gj-ound. 
 
 ■with, foot 
 
 SOP, S. [/o/>, Sax./tf/x/, Span.]bread ftcep- 
 ei in liqvaor or dripping. 
 
 To SOP, \' A. to iicep in Jiipping or li- 
 quor. 
 
 SOPHI, S. [Pcrf.] the emperor of 
 Perfia. 
 
 SO'PHISM, S. [fophifma, Lat.] an argu- 
 ment which carries the appearance of truth, 
 but lends a perfon inxo error. 
 
 SOPHI'STICAL, Adj. partaking of the 
 nature of a fophifm. Fallacioully fubtle. 
 
 To SOPHISTICATE, V. A. [fepHjri- 
 ifutr, Fr.l to corrupt or adulterate. 
 
 SOTmSTRY, S. fallacious reafoning. 
 
 SO'RCERER, S. [forclcr^ Fr.] a con- 
 jurer or magician. 
 
 SO'RCERY, S. magic. 
 
 SO'RDID, Adj. [forJiJus, Lat.] foul; 
 gtofs ; filthy. Mean ; b j/c. Covetous, 
 from fcrdlde, Fi 
 
 SOUL, S. { fnvd. Say:, fjel, Dan.] the 
 immaterial utbttancc which animates ou'r 
 bodies. A vital and ad>ive principle. Spiiit 
 or eilence. Inward power. A perfon. 
 
 SOUND, Adj. [farid,S-dx.] healthy, or 
 without wounds. Kight, applied to know- 
 ledge. Stout. Fat! or profound, applied t» 
 deep. 
 
 SOUND, S. [fciuL; Fr.j a fiialtow fta 
 ■which may be founded. A probe ufed by 
 furgeons to examine what is out of the reach 
 of their fingers. A perception raifed iu the 
 foul by means of air put into motion, and 
 vibrating on the drum of the ear, from/o«, 
 Fv.foKus, Lat. 
 
 To SOUND, V. A. tofearch with a plum- 
 n^et. To try or examine. Neuterly, to 
 mifke a noife. To excite an idea by likenefs 
 or found, from/iirs, Lat. To caufe to make 
 a noife. 
 
 SOU'NDI^Y, Adv. heartily; ffoully ; 
 
 SORt, -. [fir. Sax. few: Dan.] a place , nchtlv. Fall, applied to ikep. 
 which is.tcu'ler, painful, and has the Ikin o.*f. j SOUP, S. \ foype, Fr.] a liquor made bj 
 
 SORE, Adj. painful when touched. Ealily boiling iielli down. 
 Tcxed. Vexed. ^ SOUR, Adj. [fur,furig. Sax. fur, Brit. 
 
 SORE, Adv. {fetr, Belg.] with painful UJ.ur, Pcrf. Heb.] Iharp to the tafte ; peevilh 
 veliemtnce. With great reluctance or ] or crabbed of temper. Painful or difagreea- 
 dBifted violence. . . - r,- 
 
 SO'RRILY, Adv. in a mean, wretched, 
 or defpicable manner. 
 
 SO'RROW, S. [ fir^, Dan.] uneafinds 
 or grref arifing from fomc good loft. 
 
 To SO'RROW, V. N.' [faur^an, Goth. 
 (.lureia':, Sax.] to grieve CT be afBi^ei for the 
 "bfs otfome sood. 
 
 hie. Exprrfllve of diflike, applied to the 
 countenance. 
 
 To SOUR, V. A. to make (harp to th<; 
 tafte, Th make harfh. To make uneafy or 
 Icfs pTeafing. Neuterly, to turn fo as to talle 
 fiiarp. To grow pee\ ifh. 
 
 SOURCE, S. fFr.j a fpring. An ort- 
 2>nal. A iirft producer. 
 
 SOUSE,
 
 sou sou 
 
 SOUSE, S. lJl:.f,P.c\g.{dh'l pickle mndc j Cleveland. It lies ten miles fVnm Gofporf, 
 ef fiilt. Any tiling parboiled and kept in Lit. twelve From Winchefler, am' fcventy eight 
 
 Pickle. 
 
 To SOtJSE, V. A. [from the noun] to 
 par()oil an i preferve in fait pickle. To piungt 
 or th:ou' into the water, ivom fjofthan, Perl', 
 to plunge under water. To dart like a bird 
 on its prey, from pojian, Perf. to plunge, 
 Adively, to (hike with fudden violence. 
 
 SOU I'H, S. [futb, Sax. fuyd, Bclg. /}.,.', 
 Fr. Ital. and Teiii.] that point of the heavens 
 which is diametrically oppofite to the north. 
 The wind which hlows from the for.th. 
 ISiutb-enJl is the jsoint hetween ihe E. aad S. 
 
 SOUf'HArMTON, anciently ILinq-ton, 
 from Trifmton, i.e. in Britilli, the bay of 
 Anton, whence by contraiftion Hanton and 
 the county Hantlhire ; a borough and port of 
 HampfiTire ; alio a county of itfclf. It ftands 
 between two large rivers, the Aire or Itching 
 on the E. and the Tefe or Anton on the W. 
 which falls here into that called the 
 Southampton-water, an arm of the fea run- 
 ning up to it for fome miles, and very deep, 
 fo tiiat (hips of 500 tons have been built in 
 it. Tlie river Itching comes from Win- 
 chefter : and the Tefe, which runs into 
 the Southampton-water at Redbridge, comes 
 from Stockbridge and the edge of the New 
 Foreft. Tliey are both navigable for fome 
 way up the country, and particularly ferve 
 for bringing down timber, vafl quantities of 
 which lie here upon the Ihore, and are 
 fetched from thence by the (hip-huilders at 
 •Portfmouth-dock. Southampton is a mayor- 
 town, and fends two members to pniiia'meht. 
 Here is faid to be one of the broaJeft (Ireets 
 in England, three quarters of a mile Inng, 
 \\e\\ paved, and flagged on each fide, tcrnii- 
 rtating in a very fine quay. Formerly all trie 
 Canary brought into the kingdom was obli- 
 ged to be landed firrt here, till the London 
 merchants finding this an inconvenieixre, 
 purchafed tlut privilege of the corporation ; 
 and had afterwards theii wines d-reiflly 
 brought to London, Some merchants here 
 carry on the Port and French wine trade ; 
 IJHt their greateft dealings arc with Jcrfcy 
 and Guernfey ; and not a little, as their 
 enemies fay, of the fmuggliug trade : others 
 indeed among them trade to Newfoundland 
 for fifh, whidi they carry up the Streights, 
 &c. The adizes are ufually kept here in the 
 town-hall, and in fummcr a coach runs every 
 day betwixt this and London. Here are five 
 .churches for the natives, though fewer would 
 fuffice, and one for the French refugees : 
 aifo in this town is an hofpital called God's 
 houfe. Befides a free-fchool founded by 
 King Edward VI. here is a charity-fthool 
 by fubfcription, for tinrty boys, who arc 
 cloathcd and taught reading, writing, arith- 
 metic, &c. Southampton gives title of Duke 
 and Earl to the Fitzroys, the defccndauts 
 from K. Charles II. by the dutchefs of 
 
 from London. Its weekly markets are Tuef- 
 day, Thurl'Jay and Saturday \ and anniial 
 fairs on April 45, and Trimty-Moiiduy, (or 
 horfcs, cattle, and leathei-. Ac the .S. E. 
 corner, near the quay, is a fort called the 
 Tower, with fome guns on it. Not far (-(T 
 King Gmute, feating himfelfon the banks 
 of the Itching at low water, with all liis 
 royal apparatus im, very lidiculoufly com- 
 manded the tide not to approach his foot- ftoolj 
 but it obliged him to retreat, to the great mor- 
 tification of his fycophants and himi'clf, who 
 never after, it is f-id, would fuffcr the crown 
 to be fct on his head. 
 
 SOU'THWARK, commonly pronounced 
 SoHti.rick, as being a work or builning to the 
 S. of London and London-Inidge, It is deno* 
 min.nted the Eorough or Bcrriughwick, 
 and ftands in the county of Surry ; and though 
 it fecms to be only a fuburb of the grand ca- 
 pital, yet for extent, number of inhabitants, 
 trade, wealth, hofpitals, &c. is inferior to 
 few cities in the kingdom, except London 
 and Weftminfter. It contains the parithes qf 
 St. Olave, St. John, at Horlley-down, St. 
 Saviour, vulgarly St. Mary Over or Overy, 
 St. George, St. Thomas, and Chriftchurch : 
 thefe, together with the adjacent parilhe.s of 
 St. Mary's at Lambeth, Sf. Mary Magdalen's 
 Bermondfey, St. Mary's Newington, and St. 
 Mary's Rotherhithc, or vulgarly Rederiff, 
 compofe that part of the diftridt within the 
 bills of mortarry which lies in the hundreds 
 of Kinglton and Brixton. 'I hat which was 
 before computed to be nine miles along thcf 
 Thames from V'aushall to Deptford-biidge, 
 has been found, by the exafteft menfuration^ 
 to be fix miles twenty-three poks and two 
 feet in length, from Vauxhall-biidge to the 
 eaft end of Holding-flrect beyond Rother- 
 hithc- wall, and about nine in the centre, 
 namely, where broadeft from London-bridge 
 to the ftone's-cnd at Ncwington-buis. Hif- 
 tory mention South wark as eaily as 1053, 
 when it was governed, as a diftirift corpora- 
 tion, by its own !>alifr, till 1317, when, the 
 firft grant was made of it to the city of Lon- 
 don, whofe mayor was to be its baililT, and 
 to govern it by his deputy. Some time after, 
 the inhabitants recovered their privileges 5 
 but in the reign of Edward VI. the crown 
 granted it again to the city of London for 
 647I. 2S. id. and in confldcrution of 500 
 marks more paid by that city, it was annexed 
 thereto j wiih certain privileges enjoyed there 
 by the archbifliop of Canterbury^ the Abbot 
 of Bermoudicy, fee. ever finte which period, 
 it has been futtjeft to the Lord mayor of 
 London, who has under him a (leward and 
 bailift) and is governed by cue of its twenty- 
 fix aldermen, under the name of Bridge- ward 
 without. On the W. fide of tlie Dorough 
 was a palace built by the duke of Suffolk, in 
 -, I a thi
 
 sow 
 
 tlie veigii of King Henry VIII, called 
 Suffolk. Hoiife, afterwards Soutlnvark place, 
 and LilKiy. tlie Minf, from a coinage here 
 formeily. It conlifls of feveral ftreets.whofe 
 inhabitants afiumeJ a protection from arrcfis 
 for debt, which occafioning many frauds and 
 febufes, it was riipprcflcJ by an a(ft in the 
 reign of king William. St. Saviour's is tlie 
 princip.il church in Southuark, and belonged 
 formf rly to a priory or abby here of canon.s 
 regular, the reniaiiis of the cells being (till 
 vifiblein ihe clofe, and which, from its dedi- 
 caiion to the virgin Mary, and its fituati n 
 over the Rec, or i!ie River Thames, oppolitc 
 to London, (where fomefay there was a ferry, 
 hefoie the building of London-bfidge) oc- 
 c.idoncd its being cillcd St. lVI;iry Over Rce, 
 which it dill retains among the common peo 
 pie, though changed by a^ of parliament, in 
 king Henry VI I's reign, totliatof St. Sa- 
 viour, and united to the paii/hcs of St. Mar- 
 gaet and St- Mary Magdalen. This church 
 is an ancient and fpacious Gothic llrudlure, 
 built in the forni of a cathedral, with three 
 nilles from E. to W. and a crols aille; alfo 
 four handfome fpires, and a tower wi:h a 
 clock, and a melodious ring of bells. Among 
 its monuments are particularly thofe of 
 John Gcwc!-, the famous poet, and Dr. 
 Lockier the famous pill-quack, &c. In this 
 parilhare particularly remarkable the fedions 
 houfe on St. Margaret's hill, where formerly 
 Hood the church of St. Margaret, united as 
 above-men' ioned. On the S. fide, in a nich 
 adorned with Corinthian pillars, Hands a 
 ftatue of king James 11. in his robes, &c. 
 Alfo the Talbot inn, whereon the main beam 
 is an infcription, that Sir Geoffrey Cliaucer, 
 the father of En glilli poetry, and twenty-nine 
 pilgrims, lay here, anno, 1383, in their way 
 to Canterbury. The borough is particularly 
 ilidinguiPiied for the bulHc all along the 
 Thames fide at. its warehoufes, wharfs, and 
 landing places ; as alio for the dying bufinefs, 
 and for its capita! flreet being tiic great tho- 
 roughfare to and from London. In its inland 
 parts are confidcraljle tan-yards, perhaps the 
 ^rented in England ; pottery and whitening 
 yards, pin-makers, Sec. It lends two mem- 
 bers to parliament j and as it is a place of 
 confidcrable extent, we have feeu on tlnis oc- 
 cafion great ca!)aliing .-nd frequent meetings 
 .Tt taverns, in canvaffihg for candidates on 
 that fcore. 
 
 south-west, S. the point between the 
 S. and W. 
 
 SOW, S. [fwga, Tir'it.fugu, Sax. fw'ina. 
 Port. /?.■?, Lat. t'c, Gr. ] a tVmale pig or hog. 
 An oblong mafs, applied to land. 
 
 To SOW, V. A. [part. paff/cfTt-n ; faian 
 
 Goth./iM, l[\. j'aiuan, Sax. J to fcatter feed 
 
 on the grbund for growth. Figuratively, to 
 
 fpicad orp'opagate. To befprlnkle. See Slvi. 
 
 To SO WCE, V. A. fee Souse. 
 
 To SO SVL, V. A. to pull by the ears. 
 
 SPA 
 
 SOWN, participle of Sow, 
 SPACE, S. [ efface, Fr. Jpattum, Laf.] 
 the dillance between any two bodies or points. 
 Quantity, applied to time. 
 
 SFA'CIOUS, Adj. [fpackux, Fr. fpatlofus, 
 Lat. j wide ; containing a great deal of room 
 or fpace. 
 
 SPADE, S. [Ifl. fpada, Sax.] a broad 
 fhovcl uied in digging. A deer three years 
 old. In cards, wherein the 4 fuits reprcfent 
 4. dates in a kingdom, the nobility werere- 
 prefentcd by the ends of lances or fpike*'. 
 The Spaniards however reprei'ent them by 
 the ejpadas, i. e. fwords Indead of fpikes, and 
 our ignorance of the dcfign of the inventor, 
 as well as of the Spanilh language, has occa- 
 (loned our reprefenting the points of this fuit 
 broader, and calling them by the name of 
 fpodfs. 
 
 SPADI'LLE, S. [Fr.] at ombre and qua- 
 drille, the ace of fpades. 
 
 I SPAGY'RIC, S. [coined by Paracelfus, 
 ' ham fpaher, Teut. a fearcherj a chymid. 
 
 SPAIN, the ancient IL-ria, Cdtiber'uy and 
 Hcfpcria Alajar, now Hifpama. The Spa- 
 niards them (elves call it Ej'panna, the French 
 Ejfagr.e, and «e by contradion Spain. This 
 is tlie mod wedern part of all the continent 
 of Europe, being encompailed on every fide 
 by the Sea, except on the fide of France, 
 from which it is feparated by a continued and 
 huge ridge of mountains called the Pyrenees. 
 On the E. and S. it is bounded by the Medi- 
 terranean, and Streights of Gibraltar, the an- 
 cient Fretum GjditaKum, and by part of the 
 Atlantic ocean ; on the W. by the fame 
 ocean ; and on the N. by that part of it 
 called the Bay of Bifcay, or fimply the Bay, 
 as alfo by the Pyrenean mountains. , It lies 
 between lat. 36 and 44 deg. N. extending jt- 
 felf in length from long. 10 deg. W. to 3 deg, 
 E. that is, 13 deg. from E. to Vv'. and S. deg. 
 from N. to S. The whole circuit of Spain, 
 in a continued dlre^ion from town to town, 
 and from port to port, exclufive of creeks and 
 bays, amounts to about 600 leagues, reckon- 
 ing tliree miles to each league, which make 
 iSoo miles, Portugal, anciently a part of 
 Spain, being included in this calculus. Spain 
 is fuuated about the middle of the temperate 
 zone ; upon which account, as well as for its 
 manifold ranges of high and pleufjnt hills, 
 beautiful plain.;, and variety of rivers and 
 teller dreams, it is not only a very delightful, 
 but a mod healthy climate ; being on the 
 one hand free from the feorching heats to 
 which Africa is cxpofed ; and on the other, 
 from the frod, rain, and other inclemencies 
 of the more northern regions. The fiiltry 
 heats in fummcr lad only about two, or at 
 mod three, months; and thefe are generally 
 tempered by cooling breezes : befidcs, this 
 exceflive heat is only about four or five hours 
 at mod in a day, during the abovcmentioned 
 fpacc, while the remaining part of the year is 
 
 4eli^hU"ul
 
 SPA 
 
 SPA 
 
 ieliglnful and temperate. To this may he 
 added, that the (ky is moftly ferene and clear. 
 The great rains in this country fall regularly 
 in their feafons of fpring and autumn. It 
 mufl: however be owned, that the degrees of 
 heat and cold difTcr very much tietwecn the 
 northern and fouthern par's of .Spain, not 
 only on account of tlie difference of their 
 latitude, hut alfo from otiier circumflances. 
 The f< il of this country is in general fruitful; 
 and though it differs much in one place from 
 another, and tlie more northerly places be 
 the barrenefl, yet its mofl mountainous and 
 rocky parts produce fomethin^ for ufe : 
 fome are covered with ftatcly trees of various 
 kinds, either for timber or fuel. The rocky 
 parts abound with wild thyme, marjoram, 
 and other atomutics, which ferve to feed vafi 
 numbers of Iheep, go.its, &c. giving their 
 milk and fiefh an exquifiterelifii j ;<nd if ihefe 
 are fcorched with too much heat in Uimmer, 
 
 rlety of fowl, wild -and tame, four footed 
 game, as deer, red and fallow, Inrcs, rabiiits, 
 and wild boars '"n particular : and as to tame 
 fvvine, the Spaniih bacon i*; found to exceed 
 even that of Weflphalia. Their ihecp, bc- 
 fides the fine tifte of their Helh, are (hll of 
 greater v.xlue on .iccount of tlieir incompara- 
 ble wool, exceeding, as our cloth- workers 
 know, any in Europe. With regard to the 
 filken manufafturc, about i,oco, ceo of peo- 
 ple arc faiJ to be employed in feeding lilk- 
 worms, as alfo in fpinning or weaviiiii f.iitin, 
 damafk, taliby, velvets, fhagg--, ice. The fame 
 may be faid of their cotton, hemp, and flax, 
 wjiich grow here in large quantities, and em- 
 ploy a proportionable number of l;ands; not 
 to dwell on their fc.ulet die, (a&nn, fu>;ar, 
 pitch, rodn, &c. If we dive into (he bowels 
 of the earth, befides gold, filver, quickfilvcr, 
 of wliich latter tliey fend large quantities to 
 the Weft Indies for fmelting and feparatini^ 
 
 the cattle are driven down to the fides of the the filver from the ore, tlieir le::d, copper, and 
 
 hiils, where they find plenty of thofe herbs, 
 and in many of them a great deal of gr.tfs, 
 wh'ch though (hort, is yet fweet and nou- 
 rilhing. If thcfe sifo fail, as is often the 
 cafe, through exccilive di ought, tliey liave 
 flill their meadow grounds well watered with 
 rivers and leller (ireams. Other mountainous 
 and rocky lands yield great quantities of the 
 plant efparto, of whicli ropes and other cord- 
 age are made. The SpaniOi wheat is Inferior 
 to none, if not the very be ft in Europe, as ap- 
 pears from their excellent bread, and the com- 
 mon produce is more than the natives can 
 
 excellent iron, the beft of which is dug 
 from the mountains of Bifcav, and fcnt all 
 over Europe ; they have great plenty of ful- 
 phur, alum, calamine, &c, alfo jet, agat, 
 cornelian, granate,chryftal, marble, alcib.iiler, 
 jafper, and other ftones. With regnrd to tlieir 
 gold and filver mines, thequar.tititsextrafted 
 from which we;e prodigious, they have quite 
 neg!e(ned them everfince tliey have been able 
 to draw fuch immenfe quantities of thofe 
 metals from America. The Spaniards, like 
 moft other nations, fond of their antiquity, 
 deduce their original from Tubal (Jubal), 
 
 confume. Barley is here very good, and in I Noah's grandfon. The conqueft of the 
 fuch plenty, that it is the common grain for country was not perfeftcd by tiie Romans till 
 their horfes and mule?, inftead of oatSy which the reign of Auguftus, who fubdued the Can- 
 are here very fcarce, and the ftraw of it ferves| tabrians or Bifcayners, and parts adjacent } 
 them inftead of hay. Wines they have herej alter which the reft of the inhabitants were 
 likewife in fuch abundance, that the poorefti eafily deterred into a fubjed^ion to the Roni.in 
 fort drink them ; and the various forts are' yoke. The prefent divifion of Spain is into 
 Malaga, Sherry, Galicia, Alicant, Barcelona, fourteen kingdoms or provinces, befides the 
 and a much greater number of others, which] illands, and exchifive of Portugal, which is 
 feldom or ever com? among us, though no-! fubje<ff to a fovercign of its own. The moft 
 thing inferior to thofe already mentioned,! confiderable rivers of Spain arc, r. The Ibe- 
 iheir exportation by land- carriage from thcl rus, now Ebro. i. The Durius now Duero 
 higher or morcinland parts being expcnfivcj or Douro. 3. The Tagus, now Tago.4. The 
 otherwife they CQiild fpare much greater! Anas, now Guadiana ; alfo a confiderable 
 quantities to foreign lands, as the Spaniards' river in Portugal. 5. f he Doeris, now Gaa- 
 are naturally very fober, fcldom drinking itj dalquiver. Befides thefc might be mentioned 
 without water, and the women never, except! near 150 more, and thofe no fmall ftrcams ; 
 in lying-in, and fuch other extraordinary alfo lakes and fprings that are innumerable, 
 cafes. With regard to fruits, they have not The crown of Spain is heridetary and abfo- 
 oaly thofe which are cultivated with fo much lute, and has bcew fo ever fince the Saracens 
 pains in England, and in much greater per- or Moors over-ran this country in the 
 i'eftion, hut likewife many others, which year 714, upon the invitation of count Ju- 
 with all our art cannot be brought to any Han, out of revenge to king Roderigu for de- 
 tolerable ripenefs, and with which we are bauching his daughter; this was the laft of 
 fupplied from them, as citrons, lemons, ( the Gothic race of kings from Attaulphus, 
 
 oranges, almonds, raifins, prunes, olives, 
 ^ates, figs, chefnuts, pomegranates, capers, 
 &c. Their oil, wax, and honey, are allowed 
 to be as good as any in the world. Few coun- 
 tries exceed this for plenty, goodnefs, and va- 
 
 the brother of the famous Alaric. Prince 
 Pclagius or Pelajo was the firft who oppofed 
 the Moorilh tyranny in Afturias and Bifcay, 
 which was at length, after much to do, extir- 
 pated out of Spain, in the reign of Jferdinand 
 3 I 3 and
 
 P A 
 
 S- P A 
 
 and Jfabclla, king and queen c^f Ars^'^n.", I The. fame might be fjid cf tlicm with rela- 
 Cailile, and Lcoii : by 'wh;>fe dju.;lufi 
 Joi'i'arina, mother of Charles, attervvardi 
 Char Is V. emperor of Germany, the cro.vn 
 defc'eiidtd to him ;:nd h'is, poUcrity. Upon' 
 failure of ir.al^ heirs the croy.n comes to tht 
 next female : and it would fcem that the 
 reippiog fovereign, ifhehasno ifTue of hi: 
 own, has a power of dcvifaig it to the next 
 royal branch, as was the cafe with the Lite 
 Philip V. v;ho held his title from the laitev 
 wi'.l of Iii=; predecefTor Charles II. of Auflria: 
 and, tiioi'.gh his grandfather, Lewis XIV. ot 
 France, had, upon jiis marriage with the In- 
 fartta of Spain, folcmnly renounced all claim 
 tothepanlfii dominions, yet that fettlement 
 was confirmed by the treaty of Utrecht; and 
 r.ovv it is in the fecond fon Charles III. of the 
 fccond venter of the houfe of Medici?, wlio 
 was lately kin<; of tlie Two Sicilies. The 
 iicir to tlic crown is always ftiled prince of 
 Afturias. The king of Spain is never crown- 
 ed ; b'.it the cortcs or fbfsmcet and iccog- 
 jnfc his title at !iis accclTicn. Thefc high 
 courts are in fome meafurs the fame as a par- 
 liament, confilfin!] of the nobility, clergy, and 
 repi-efeiitativts of the people ; but have 
 Ifift their foimer privileges,, and now only 
 meet to confirm or record the decrees of the 
 Spanidi fovercign, who will oblige their com- 
 pliance, fhould they prove refiaftcry. The 
 dominions of Spain are the largeQ, and per- 
 haps the riched:, of any in the world, if we 
 include the two vaft: empires of Mexico 
 ind I'cru, (Sec in America, now fuhjeft to it; 
 
 tioii to pohiics, were their genius that way 
 not cramped by living under ib defpotic a go- 
 vernment. Loyahy and fidelity to their 
 princes they in general have been ever juflly 
 famed tov, hiltcry affording indances of 
 whole armies who chofe to liarvs in their 
 camp rather than defirt. In fnort they have 
 been always, till of late, reprefcnted as a 
 people zealous in religion, conftant in friend- 
 ship, modeft in beliaviour, undaunted in dan- 
 ger, patient iu hardlhips, charitable, gene- 
 rous, and free-hearted ; but their conduct 
 in fome indanccs, efpeciaiiy with regard to 
 the Britilh nation in the Inte war, may be 
 looked upon as diamctric.dly oppofite to a 
 part of this character, the caufe of which 
 change it is not the bufinefs of this place to 
 afllgn. On the othei^ hand, they are uni- 
 vcriaiiy too much gi<.en to women, too jea- 
 lous and refenting uhcrc that fex is concern- 
 ed. '1 hey affect v. haughty air among 
 llrangers ; though, where they are acquaint- 
 ed, none are more courteous, this being 
 rather afTumed, and chiefly proceeding from 
 an ambitious iumiour of appearing in a better 
 lighr, their jcaloufy feldcm fails to end in 
 bloodlhed ; and though duelling has been 
 abolifhed by many fahitary laws, they feem, 
 in Spain, Houugal, and lt::ly, only to have 
 exchanged ic for a worfe, namely, private 
 affttfination, which is not aJijtle encouraged 
 by the afyliini which ciiurches and monalte- 
 lics'aifoid theft; ali'aiTins. The prefent Spa- 
 nifii ty.ceeds all oclicr languages in Europe 
 
 the.'c are leckoncd to extend ab^ut 6000 jfjr grandeur and majefty, copioufnefs, ca- 
 milcs in length from N. to S. befidcs all the dence, and elegancy ; the Roman wits ob- 
 iflxnds 5nd other vaftttrritories in thul paitof ferving that the Ceits fpoke tlitir figurative 
 ;he world. The principal coins of Spain arc of language as it they went upon flilts. There- 
 "old, as piflolcs or doubloons, of about fcven- ligioii univcrfally profefled in Spain is that 
 teen (hiUin",? value, 'l heir (ilvcr coins ate ot the Romilh church in its utmolt bigotry 
 
 reals, reckoned worth fomething more than 
 fixpcnce : and alfo pieces of eight, or eight 
 re.di, being about four (liiiiiniiS and fixpence, 
 bcfiJ.es brals coins of fevcral inferior denomi- 
 nations, iud maravcdies, which is a coin 
 merely of account, &c. 'i he grandees of 
 Spj-n arc the prime nobility, this being, a 
 {ille conteircd upon them by the king. Tlieir 
 
 and fnperflition, beyond any otlur people 0/ 
 that communion ; for the inLjuifition here 
 is more levere than in the Pope's dominions. 
 The Spaniards pietend that ChriPiianity was 
 planted among them by the apolHe St. James 
 or St. Jago, who is the tutelary patron of this 
 kiugdoni; here however it is plain there were 
 converts in St. Paul's time, as that apoftle 
 
 privilece i^ to be covered befor: his tnajcfty. j mentions, in the cpiflle to the Romans, his 
 
 They are dillinguiHied into the higher and 
 l<".^er clafs, and they take place of all therefl 
 if the nobility. Their genius for learning 
 is hardly inferior to any, as is plain f^m the 
 great number qi learned men and literary 
 works produced in all ages ; but for thefc 
 few centur.es part they have been addiiftcd 
 too much to metaphyfics, befides theii ex 
 treme bigotry, and the cMtacles pui to their 
 more l.iuda'ble refearches. With regard , to 
 iv!f and humour in their dramatic and rcma.'i- 
 fic' performances, they exceed all other na- 
 t-ons J an irrefragable inflance of the latter 
 jp the irtiinprtal Don Qui.-iote cf Ceivaatcs. 
 
 intentioi; of pafljng intoSpain, 
 
 SPAKE, the old pretcr of Speak. 
 
 SPALT, or SPELT, S. a white, fcaly, 
 n^ning Hone, freouently ufed to promote 
 the fulion of jnetals. 
 
 SPAN, S, [fpar., fponnc, Ssii. j'jiauna, 
 hOi\,Jpaii, Belg.] the fpace meafured from the 
 end or the thumb to that of the little fingcy 
 extended. Any (hort duration. 
 . To SPAN, y. A. to meafure by the hand 
 e."i tended. 
 
 SPAN, preterof Spin. 
 
 SPANG, S. [ffange, J3cIg.J a clurter of 
 ihining bodies.
 
 SPA 
 
 SPA'NGLE, S. [fpange, Teut.j a fmall 
 lliin piate or bofs or iliining metal. Any 
 thing fparkl'mg or fhiniu^. 
 
 To SPA'NGLE, V. A. tobefprinkle with 
 fpangles. 
 
 SPa'NIEL, S, [liffflric/us, Lat. cf tag- 
 rev/, Fr. ] a dog ufed for fport in tlis 
 fitli or ill water, remarkable for its fagjcity 
 and tradlablcnefs. Figuratively, afervilcpcr- 
 fon. 
 
 SPA'N'KING, Adj. large, jolly. 
 
 S'^^AR, S. a mixed body confilling of chry- 
 ftal incorporated with lu- /unit, or other fio- 
 ny, earthy, or metallic matter. A fmall beam 
 or bar at a gate, ircmf^arre, Belg. 
 
 To SPAR, V. A. { fp^trraii. Sax. fpanen, 
 Tent.] to ftut clofe or bar. Neutcrly, to 
 fight fo as to ward ctl" blows. 
 
 SPA'R ABLE, S.[fj:>arran, Sax.] fmall nails 
 
 To SPARE, V A. [ ff. r J,!, Six. fpacrcr, 
 Belg. efpargner, Fr.J to ule in a frugal man- 
 ner fo as to avoid waftc and profufion. To 
 fdve for any particular life. To do with- 
 out. To omit. To forbear. To remit a 
 idegreeof punilhmenC ; to fiiow mercy. To 
 grant or alloiv. To forbear to infift on. 
 Neuterly to live in a parGmonious or too 
 frugal a manner. To forbear. To forgive. 
 
 SPARE, Adj. fcanty. Superfluous. Lean, 
 applied 'o habit of body. 
 
 SPARGEFA'CTION, S. the ad of 
 fprinkling. 
 
 SPA'RING, Adj. fcarce ; parfimonious ; 
 not liberal. 
 
 SPARK, S. [fpt-arhi, Sax.f;^rke, Belg.] 
 a fmall particle of fire, or fhining fubftancc 
 A lively, ftiowy and gay perfon. 
 
 SPA'RKISH, Adj. aiiy ; (liowy j fine. 
 
 SPA'RKLE, S. a fmall paitide of fire 
 A particle of light emitted fiom a Ihining O! 
 luminous body. 
 
 To SPA'RKLE, V. N. to emit fparks cf 
 light or fire ; to fiiine or gi Iter. 
 
 SPASM, S. [j'faj'vn, Fr. s-wa3-/^a, Gr. 
 J'pajma, Lat.j a convulfive or involuntary 
 contiaflion of any part. 
 
 SPASMO'DIC, Adj. [ fpaJn:od}que, Fr.] 
 convuifive. 
 
 SPAT, preterof Spit. 
 
 To SPA'TIATE, V. N. [ fpaikr, Lat.] 
 to rove; to range. 
 
 To SP.VTTER, V, A. \ fl^attav. Sax.] 
 to befprliikle with dirt or any thing oHcnfivc 
 To defame. Neuterly, to make a lU'ife in 
 fpitting, as when any thing naufcous is re- 
 ceived iit the mouth. 
 
 SPA'TTERDASHFS, S, coverings for 
 the legs to keep out wet j ufually buttoned, 
 at the fides. 
 
 SPA'TULA, S. [fpatha,ffathulj, Lat.] 
 an inftrument ufed by apothecaries in fpread- 
 .ing plalOers and lUriing medicines. 
 
 SPA'VIN, S. [efpavent, Yr.fpa'vano, Ital.] 
 jibony excrefcence growing on the inl^de of a 
 .fcorfe'i bough, j)ot Ux trcn the elbvv^'; wliicii 
 
 S P E 
 
 is fii ft as tender as a grlAlc, but "afterwards 
 grows hard by decrees. 
 
 SPAVV, S. [from Spaiv in Germany] a 
 place famous for mineral waters. A mineral 
 water. 
 
 ToSPAWL, V. N. [//-a//;..-. Six.] to 
 throw moiiiure out of the mouih. 
 
 SPAWL, S. [J'pat;l\ fpittle or mpiilure 
 thrown out of the mouth. 
 
 SPAWN, S. \ fper.'Z^ fpenn:, Eelg. fpam^. 
 Sax.] the eggs of filh or frogs. Ufed in con- 
 tempt for any offspiing. 
 
 To SPAWN, V. A. to produce as fi:l'es 
 do their eggs. I'o bring forth. Neuterly, 
 to i(Ti:c like eggs from filh. 
 
 ToSP.'^Y, V. A. [ j'pado, Lat. s-raJav 
 Gr.] to cafhate, or render a female beaft un- 
 fit for procreation. 
 
 To SPEAK, V. N. [preter. /^(j/v, ox f poke ^ 
 part. pall. ^o/^f« ; fpccan. Sax.] to utter or 
 exprefs one's thoughts by words. To defend 
 or excufe, ufed with for ov agtihij}. lo found, 
 applied to wind inftruments. Followed by 
 ivhh, to addrefs or converfe with. A<ftively 
 to utter by the voice ; to pronounce. To 
 procl.dm or celebrate. 
 
 SPiiA'KER, S. one that fpeaks. Speahr 
 of the koufe of CoirMoJis, is a member chofera 
 by the Heuie, and approved by the king; and 
 who is, as it were, the common movitii of tl\e 
 reft. Speaker cf the Hot/fe rf Peers, \s ihuaWy 
 the lord chancellor, or lord keeper of thj great 
 feal of England. 
 
 SPEAR, S. [yfper, Brit, fpere, Sax.] a 
 long weapon armed with a (harp point of 
 metal, and ufed in thrui'ting or lancing. 
 
 SPE'CIAL, Adj. [F)i.fpe:ljl!s, Latij fig- 
 nifylng a fort orfpccief. Particular or pecu- 
 liar. Extraordinary ; defigned (or a particu- 
 lar perfon. 
 
 SPECIA'LITY, or SPECIALTY, S. 
 [ fpecia/ire'. Fr.J particularity. 
 
 SPECIES, S. [Lac] a common nature 
 or idea agreeing to fcveral individual beings ; 
 thus horie agrees to Bucephalus, Chance, or 
 Doer. An idea. Money or coin. 
 
 SPE'CIFIC, or SPrCPFICAL, Adj. fre- 
 cifique, Fr.] that which makes a thing to \e. 
 of t.-iC fpecies of which it is. In medicine, 
 appropi iated to the cure of fomc particular 
 diftcmpcr. 
 
 ToSPECI'FICATE, V. A. to diftinguilh 
 by the properties which m:ikc a thing to be 
 of a particular fpccits. To limit the accep- 
 tations of a word. 
 
 SFECIFJCATION, S. the limitation of 
 the meaning of a word. A particular men- 
 tion. 
 
 To SPE'CTFY, V, A. to mention or 
 difiinguilh by fouie particular mark or dif- 
 ference. 
 
 SPF'CIMEN, S. [Lat.] a fample. 
 SPE'CIOUS, Adj. { fpcc:e:<.x,Fr.fpi:;icfu!t 
 Lat.] fliowy, or pleaf-nt to the view, flati- 
 lible, though not ftiidtly righc, 
 
 3 I 4 SP£CK-
 
 S P E 
 
 SPECK, S. [f^iiccc^ Sax.] a (tain, Tpo^ or 
 difroloritior. 
 
 To Sl'KCK, Y. A. txfieck, Pol.] to ^ot. 
 SPE'CKLE, S. a little (pot. 
 To SPP:'Cr:LZ, v. a. to mark with 
 fmA\ fpots. ^ ■ i . ; 
 
 SPE'CT-^CLF, S. [Fr. ffeaacu'uif, Lat.] 
 anv thing that attraifls the fight by its bei.'^fi; 
 rfnrirkahle la the plural, glafits worn to 
 affifl the fijlit. 
 
 Sl'F.CTA'TQR, S. [fie^jtor. Lit. fpeSla- 
 teur, P'r.] a looker on ; aheliolJcr. 
 
 SPF/CrRE, S. [Fr. //:vv?riw, Lat. ) w 
 apparition ; the appearance <if apf-rlbn dead. 
 To SFE'CtLATE, V. ]<i._[Ji.ecu!.iius, 
 JLat.] to coiifider aiteiitivcly, 
 contrive in the mind. I 
 
 SPECULA'TION', S. [Fr.j the ad cf 
 contemplating any tiling in the ir.inl. A 
 train of tliou;^hts forme.-l in the mind. A 
 icheine fom.cd only in the mind, not reduced 
 to praiftire. 
 
 SPECULATIVE, Adj. contemplative. 
 Theoretical ; ideal ; not pra(flie..'l. 
 
 SPE'CULUM, S. [Lut.] a looking-glafs. | 
 SPED, part, paflive of Speed, 
 SPEECH, S. [ ff^ce, foresee, ?>d^. Jprnad-, 
 Tcut.j thepov\erof exprcrting onr thoiights 
 or ideas by andible words. Words or iun- 
 guage. Talk or har?.nj;ue. 
 
 To SPEED, V.N. [pret. and part. pafT. 
 fj^t,/ and fpecd;d : fpcer.^K, Bclg.J to make 
 'hade. To do a thing ibon. or in little time 
 ^o move quicTv or faft. To fuccccd, from 
 fi'.c'hxy Sax. to grow rich. To f-re vvell or 
 "ill. Actively, to di.'patch or furnifli in 
 hafle. To haften. To pro.iiote, quicken 
 oraflift. 
 
 SPEED, S. [ ffcrJ, Belg.] quicknefs. 
 I-Ialle. The coiirfe of a horfe. Succefs. 
 SPE'EDY, Adj. quick ; nimble. 
 SPELL, S. \ J'f:el, Sax.] a charm confifl- 
 iQ-' of fomepeciiliai words. 
 
 To SPELL, V. A. [./:«--//f»,, Belg.] to 
 •write with the proper letters. To read by 
 naming the ifeveral letters of which a word 
 h compofed, and' founding every I'y 11 .ible 
 feparattly. To charm. Ncuterly, to form 
 words -of letters. To read or uiiderlhnd. To 
 prcnonnte thefyllables of a word kparately, 
 by namiii)^ the letters which compofe them, 
 v.irhout being al)le to pronounce the whole 
 word at once. 
 
 • To bPtND, V. A. [f/>e»rIo'i, Sax. ffer' 
 /c'-c, Ital.] to confume, or lay out. To 
 Jjiinnder. To wafte, wear out, or exhaufl. 
 Meuterly, to' lay out moncyi To ufe. To 
 he lolt or wafted. To be employed in any 
 
 ufe. ' ^ 
 
 • SPENDTHRI'FT, S. one that is profufc 
 jjihis ex|-cnces. 
 
 SPERM, i>-\ >f;«;c, TT.Jperrr.ay Lat.] the 
 feed. ;, 
 
 ' SFE'RMACETI, S. [Lat. corruptedly 
 Vjonoiin'Jtd p^iwajiuv] an oily fublluucc ex- 
 
 S P I 
 
 trailed from the brains ©f a particular fpecies 
 of whale, and well purified. 
 
 S1>ERMA'T1C, or SPERMA'TICAL, S. 
 { flieimatiqus, Fr.] conveying the feed. Se- 
 minal. 
 
 To SPERSE, V. A. [fferjus, Lat.] to 
 difperfe. 
 
 To SPET, V. A. [Jtc:, Scot.] to bring or 
 pour profuftly. 
 
 To SPEW, V. A. \ ffeiL'lan, ^ret. fpaiw, 
 Goth, ffiijc^n, pret.ff>.:iu. Sax. J to tjcdt or 
 ca(t from the (loniach through the mouth. 
 Figuratively, to eie£l or calt torih. Neuteily, 
 to void at the mo'ath. 
 
 To SPHA'CELATE, V. A. to affedl with 
 To revolve or | a g:\ngrene. Neuterly, to mortify. 
 
 SPHA'CELUS, S. [Gr.j a gangrene; a 
 mortification. 
 
 SPH-.RE, S. \¥r.ff>b^ra, Lat.] a body 
 contained under one (ingle furface, having a 
 point in the middle fro.Ti whence all lines 
 drawn to the circumference will be equal. An 
 rrb or circuit of motion or adtion. Province. 
 The extent or compafs of a perfon's know- 
 led cc 
 
 SPHE'RICK, or SPHE'RICAL, Adj. 
 round ; globular. Relating to orbs of the 
 planets. 
 
 SPHE'RULE, S. [fftxr-M'a, Lat.] a fmall 
 globe. 
 
 SPICE, S. [effJccs, Fr.] a vegetable that is 
 fragrant to tlie fmell, and pi'.ngent or hot to 
 the tafte, ufdd in fcafoning or fauces. A fmall 
 quintity. ' 
 
 To SPICE, V. A. tofejfon with fpices. 
 SPICK and SPAN, S. [a proverbial 
 expre/Iion, which feems borrowed frorrt 
 fpccuta de la ffaniia, Ital. i. e. fnatched from 
 the hdiid. Johnfon fays fpan iieiu is ufed 
 by Cl.aticer, and comes from jj>a»nan, Sa>:« 
 to ftr:;ch. Span vcic, he adds, is there-- 
 fore originally ufed of cloth new flrctched 
 or dreded at the clothiers, and jpick avd 
 fpa-n, newly extended on the fpikes or 
 it-ntersj quite new j juft made ; never 
 ulcd. 
 
 SPI'COSITY, S. \fpka, Lat.] the qua- 
 lity of being fpikcd like ears of corn. 
 
 SPI'DER, S. an animal whofc eyes are 
 p!,3ced in clufters on its back, who fpins a 
 web, and preys on files. 
 
 SHI'GOT, S. [fpikker, Belg.] a pin or 
 peg which is fitted to a faucet. 
 
 SPIKE, S. [J'pica, Lit. fpidi, Boh. fzpica, 
 Pol.] an ear of corn. A piece of iron 
 fliarpcncd at the top, and refembling an ear 
 of corn. 
 
 To SPIKE, V. A. to fallen with long 
 nails or fpikes. 
 
 SPIKE'NARD, S. a fweet fmelling plant. 
 SPILL, S. \fpielen Belg.] a fmalllhivcr 
 of wood, or a fmall qoantity of money, front 
 />.-/7, III. Trifling or play. 
 
 To SPILL, V. A. [fpil/jT,, Sax. fpi/!e:r, 
 Belg.] fpiila, Ifl.J to ftied or fcatter. To 
 
 deftroy
 
 S P I 
 
 (JeOroy or damage, to corrupt. To pour on 
 the ground Neutcrly, to be lavifh. 
 
 To SPiN, V. A. [preter. fpun or ff an, part. 
 Jpun,fplnnr.n, Goth, and Sax.] to torm yarn 
 into threads by drawing it out and twilling it. 
 Figuratively, to procraft or draw out. To 
 draw out into a tedious length. Neuterly, to 
 pxercife the art of fpinning. To dream out 
 in a fmall thread or current, from Spingare, 
 Ital. '1 o move round like a fpindle. 
 
 SPl'NAL, Adj. [fpina, Lal.J belonging 
 to the back- bone. 
 
 ■■ SPl'NDLE, S. [fpfndl,fpindel, Sax.J the 
 pin by which flax is tbrmed or twilled into 
 a thread, and on which it is wound. Any 
 thing llcndfr. 
 
 ■ SPl'NDLESAHNKED, Adj. having very 
 /lender legs. 
 
 ■ SPINE, S. IJpina, Lat.] the back bone. 
 SPI'NET, S. [efilnate, Fr.] a mulical in- 
 
 Orument of the fame nature as an harpfi- 
 chord. 
 
 SPI'NOUS, Adj. [fplnofus, Lut.] thorny. 
 
 SPl'.VSTER, S. a woman who fpins. In 
 law, a maid or virgin. 
 
 SPI'RAL, Adj. IJpinile, Fr. from fpira, 
 l^aJt.] curve. Winding. 
 
 SPl'RACLE, S. [ fplraculum, Lat.] a 
 breathing hole or vent. 
 
 SPIRE, S. [fpha, Ital. Swed. and Lat.] 
 a curve line. A curl or twift. A round py- 
 ramid ; a fteeple. Any thing growing more 
 and more taper from the bottom to the top. 
 
 SPl'RIT, S. [fpiritus, Lat.] breath. A 
 fubftance wherein thinking, doubting, and a 
 power of moving itfelf fubhfts. The foul. 
 An apparition. An habibitual difpofition of 
 minj. Genius or vigour. The mind or 
 imasunation. An eagei defire. That which 
 gives vigour and chearhilners. Likenefs or 
 cn'ential qualities. An inflammable and in- 
 toxicating liquor. 
 
 ToSPI'RIT, V. A.toaftuite, animate,or 
 excite. To draw or entice, ufed with away. 
 
 SPl'RITED, Adj. lively ; full of fire or 
 vigour. 
 
 SPPRITLES.S, P^A], dejected; wanting 
 vigour or fire. 
 
 SPI'RITUOUS, Adj. refined ; approach- 
 ing to fpirit. Fierce; ardent. 
 
 _ SPI'RITUAL, Adj. belonging to fpiritas 
 diflinguilhed from mutter. Belonging to the 
 mind or undtrftanding ; refined j relating 
 only to heavenly things, oppofed to tem- 
 poral. 
 
 To SPI'RITUALIZE, V, A. [fpiritua!}- 
 Jer, FrJ to refine tlie underflanding, and 
 enable it to apprehend ab(tra<ft and heavenly 
 fubjcOs. 
 
 To SPIRT, V. N. [fpruyten, Bclg.] to 
 fpring out in a fuddeii (tream. 
 
 SPl'RY, Adj. pyramidal ; wreathed ; 
 curled. 
 
 SPl'SSITUDE, S. [fplfus, Lat.J grofl"- 
 nefs : thieknefs. 
 
 S P o 
 
 SPIT, S. [ffhaTt, Sax. /fit, Belg. fpedo, 
 Ital ] a long ("quare piece of iron on whicU 
 meat is roafted. A depth of earth which 
 may be pierced at once by a fpade. In low 
 difco'.irfea fwovd. 
 
 To SPIT, V. A. [prefer, /pat. part. palT. 
 fpit or j'pitted, from the noiinj to put on a 
 fpit, or to pierce with a fpit. To fling or 
 eje£t from the mouth, from j'patan, Sax. 
 fpytrer, Dan. 
 
 SPI'TAL, S. [corrupted from lofpitcl} 
 an hofpital or charitable foundation. 
 
 SPJTE, S. [/',;■/:, Belg. d.fpit, Fr.] an 
 habitual defire and endeavour to do ill to 
 another, ^pire of, or in fpite of, notwith- 
 f^.^nding. 
 
 To .SPITE, V. A. to thwart a perfon's 
 defigns. To enrage or fill wich fpite. 
 
 bl'l'TTLE, S. [fpailiart, Sj^x.j the moi- 
 fture of the mouth. 
 
 To SPLASH. V. A. [plajia, Swed.j to 
 daub with mud or dirt. 
 
 SPLAY-FOOT, Adj. having the foot 
 turned inwards. 
 
 SPLEEN, S [fpkn, Lat ] a foft fpongy 
 vifcous, fituated in the left hyfochondriuni 
 above the kidney ; fuppofed to be the feat of 
 anger and melancholy. Ill-humour. A fit 
 of anger ; melancholy. 
 
 SPLE'NDID, Adj. [fpkndide, Fr.fplaidi- 
 dus, Lat.] bright; Ihining. 
 
 SPLE'NDOUR, S. [fpkvdeur, Fr. fpkn- 
 dor. Lat J luftre ; the quality or power of 
 Ihining, 
 
 SPjlE'NETIC, Adj. [fplemtljue, Iu\ 
 troubled with the fplecn. Peevifh. 
 
 To SPLICE, V. A. Ifpllljiv, Belg. plko, 
 Lat. j to join the two ends ot a rope together 
 without a knot. 
 
 SPLI'Ni'ER, S. [Belg.] a fragment oi 
 any thing broken with violence. 
 
 To SPLIT, V. A. [pret. fplu; (pkttcn, 
 
 fpUitcn, ^dg.~\ to divide length w;fe. To part. 
 
 I'o dalh or break again ft a rock. To break 
 
 into difcord. Neuterly to crack or burft 
 
 afundcr. 
 
 To SPOIL, V. A, [fpollh, "Lzt. fpcUcr, 
 Fr.] to rob or t.ike away by force. To plun- 
 der. To corrupt or render ufclcfs. Neuterly, 
 to be gvjilty of plundering, 
 
 SPOlL, S. Ifpol.um, Lat ] any thing 
 taken by violence. 
 
 .-^PORE, S. [fpaj, Sax] the bar of a wheel 
 which p;;IIcs from the n.ive to tlie felly. 
 
 SPOKE, preter. of Speak. 
 
 SPO'KKN, part. pad. of Speak. 
 
 To SPO'LIATE, V. A. [fpo/h, Lat.] 
 to rob ; to plunder. 
 
 SPOLIATION, S. [fpoliatlo, Lat.] the 
 a£l of robbery 01* privation'. 
 
 SPO'NDEE, S, a foot of two long fylia- 
 bles. 
 
 SPONGE, S. [pronounced fpvnge, from 
 fppngia, Lat.j a foft porous fubttance rc- 
 maikablc for fucking up water.
 
 .S P R 
 
 To SPONGE, V. N. to fuck up ns aj 
 
 fponge. To gain by mean arts. Aflively, to j 
 
 wet cloth with a fponge. ' 
 
 SPO'NGtR, S. one that meanly depends 1 
 
 upon others for fuhfiftence. 
 
 SPO'NSAL, Adj. ifpcijjariu Lat.] relat- 
 ing to marriage. 
 
 ^PO'NSOR, S. [Lat.] one who makes a 
 promife or gives fecurity fur another. 
 
 SPONTANE'ITY, S. [ffc?ifarar/, Fr.] ; 
 the quality of doing or acting free from any , 
 impulfe or nccedity. ! 
 
 SPONTA'NK.OUS, Adj. [ffontanee, Fr. | 
 ffa-.tf, Lat.j acting of itfclf without coni- 
 puHion or rcltraint. 
 
 SPOON, S. [ fpaen, Belg. -fpor.e, Dan. I 
 fpoor.n. 111.] an innriiment concave at one end, j 
 and having an handle ufed in taking up and i 
 eating hroths, &c. ! 
 
 SPOONFUL, S, as much as a fpoon will i 
 contain. j 
 
 SPOON-MEAT, S. liquid food, or fuch ) 
 3S is eaten with a Tpcon. j 
 
 SPORT, S. [>""', I-'l.] play, or diver- j 
 iion. A mock. Field diverlions. | 
 
 To SPORT, V. A. to divert or make 
 merry. To re;^efent in pby. Neuterly, to 
 play or frolick. To trifle;. 
 
 SPO'RTSMAN, S. one who delights in 
 liunting or other field diverfions. 
 
 SPORTULE, S. [iw Jpcrtula, Lat.] an 
 alms ; a doe. 
 
 SPOT, S. [fbctte^ Dan; fpctte, Flem.j a 
 Ibin either on the Ikin or other fubft.;nce. A 
 fniall estcp.t of ground. Z'pcn :iejft, implies 
 immediafeiv, or without changing place. 
 
 To SPOT, V. A. to Itain. To work fo 
 as to refemble fpots, To corrupt, difgracc, 
 «r taint. 
 
 SPO'TLESS, Adj. free from fpots or 
 •vice. 
 
 SPOU'SAL, Adj. [from ffc:.Je] nuptial, 
 ©r belonging to a wedding. 
 
 SPOU'SAL, S. [cpoiifaUlh, Fr.] mar- 
 jjage, 
 
 SPOUSE, S. {dpoujc, Fr.] one joined to 
 ar.other in marriage. 
 
 SPOUT, S. I fr-uyt, Belg.] a pipe or 
 jmouth oi" a veflel out of which any thing is 
 poured. Water falling in a body. 
 
 To SFOUT, V. A. to pour with violence, 
 •rin acolltcTted body. 
 
 To SPOL'T, V. N, [fptitai, Belg.] 
 fpr'uta. Sued.] to Spring out in a fuddcn 
 "itream. Afftively to tlirow out water in a 
 (iream or jet. 
 
 To SPRAIN, V. A- [corrupted from 
 firain} to ftrctch the ligDHients of a joint fo 
 as CO render the v.i'e of it painful. 
 
 SPRAIN, S. a wcaknefparifing from too 
 violent a llvetching of the ligaments pf the 
 joint. 
 
 SPRANG, pretcr, ofSpgiNC. 
 SPJR.iVT, S [J'prtt, BJg.J a fmall fca 
 Sfh. 
 
 S P R 
 
 To SPRAWL, V. N. Ifp-aMe, Darj. 
 fpartehn, Celg.] to ftruggle as in the coirvul- 
 fions of death. To tumble about with odd 
 contortions of the limbs. 
 
 SPRAY, S. [kt fprit or fproiu] the ex- 
 tremity of a branch. 
 
 To SPREAD, V. A. [pronounced ./v^f^ ; 
 fprulari, SdK.fpreydcn, Belg.j to exteiid, ex- 
 pand, or make a thing take up a larvefpace ; 
 to cover or fmearover; to publifli or divulge, 
 followed by <r/yr(?^r,/ ; to diffufe. Neuterly, to 
 extend or exp.md itfelf. 
 
 SPRENT, Part, [fprena/i, Sax.] fnrinkled. 
 SPRIG, S. [ys-irig, 1^1 it.] 'a fmall 
 branch. 
 
 S FRIGHT, S. [anciently written fprirg, 
 or fpryte, and as it is a contr-idtion of fpirit, 
 fhould be fpeh J'pnte] a fpe<ftre, glio'lt, or 
 apparition . 
 
 ' SPRTGHTLINESS, S. livelinefs; viva- 
 city ; g.-3ietv. 
 
 SPRI'GHTLY, Adj.fuUof fpirJts j gay; 
 brilk j lively. 
 
 To SPRING, V. N. fprcter. fpra^g or 
 fpning J fp'itigai:. Sax.] to riie or grow out of 
 the ground, toliowed hy up ; to ifiiie or pro- 
 ceed, as by feed ; to appear ; to leip or 
 bound : to force one's way 5 to fly with an 
 elaftic force ; to riie from a cc;vert ; to iflwc 
 from a fountain or fonrce ; to fhoot or move 
 with force. A<rtively, to Itart or roufe 
 game. To difcharge, applied to a mine. To 
 contrive as a fudden expedient ; to give birth 
 to. 
 
 SPRING, S. one of the four feafons, im- 
 mediately fucceeding winter, in which vege- 
 tables grow; a p::ce of tempered (tc-ei ufefiil 
 in machine? to put them in motion : any 
 aiflive power; a Icp ; a fountain or !• irce, 
 from whence waters iflue ; a fource j rife } 
 beginning. 
 
 SPRINGE, S. a gin, which being faflenei 
 to an elallic wire, catciies any thing. 
 
 SPRI'NGINESS, S. the quality of bodies 
 returning to their former fhape ordimftifions, 
 whicli they liad loft by violence or com- 
 preflion 5 elafticity. 
 
 SPRPNG-TIDE, S. an high tide, or tide 
 at the new and full moon, which flows 
 higheft, ebbs lowell, and runs fwifteft. 
 
 To SPRI'NKLE, V. A. [Jpyirie/en, 
 Belg.] to fcattcr in drops or fmall maflis ; to 
 wet by fprinkling. Neuterly, to let fail in 
 drops. 
 
 SPRI'NKLING, S. the aft of throwing 
 water upon any thing in drops. 
 SPRITE, S. keSprigbt. 
 To SPROUT, V. N. [fpryttaiu Sax. 
 \fpruytcr., Belg,] to grow or Ihoot, applied t« 
 lans. 
 SPROUT, S. a (lioot of a vegetable, 
 SPRUCE, Adj. neat, but not (howy. 
 To SPRUCE, V. N. todrcfs neatly. 
 SPRUCl-'fciEiS, S. neatnefs in drcfs. 
 SPRUNG, prei«r and part.paHiof %;^. 
 SPRUNT,
 
 S Q^U 
 
 S Q^U 
 
 SPRUNT, S. any thing that is fnolt, and 
 will not eafily bend. 
 
 To SFl'MiL, V. A. [ffumare, LaC.J to 
 froth or foam. 
 
 SPUMK, S. \ffuma, Lat.] froth ; foam 5 
 itum of gold or lilver. 
 
 SPUN, prctcr and part. palTive oE Sfin. 
 
 SrUKCt, '6. Set Sponge. 
 
 SPU'NCIKG-HOUS£, S. a houfc or 
 piece that baiiitfs take perfons to after an ar- 
 jell, where they are kept till they jfirec with 
 the creditor, or are removed to a cloier con- 
 finement. 
 
 SPUNG'INESS, S. of a fpungy nature. 
 
 SPUNK, S. rotten wood. 
 
 Sl'UR, S. [f(:cuc,Jpu:-, Sax. [pore, Dan.] 
 a (barp pointed infhument vvci n by a rider on 
 his heel, whereby he piicks his horie to 
 ijuicken his pace ; the fbarp points growing 
 on tlielegsofa fowl. Fij^uratively, an in- 
 citement, or any thing thai c]ijickens. 
 
 To SPUR, V. A. to prick or quicken 
 by a fpur ; to excite, haflen, or pu(h forward. 
 
 SPU'RiOUS, Adj. [fiurius, Lat.l coun- 
 terfeit ; not genuine ©r authentic j illegiti- 
 mate, or not lawfully begotten. 
 
 SPU'RIOUbNHSS, S.'the quahty of being 
 faliC or counterfeit. 
 
 To .SPURN, V. A. [fpcrnan. Sax.] to 
 kick, drive, or ftrike with the foot ; to reject: 
 with contempt or fcoi n. 
 
 SPURN, S. a kick j infolent and con- 
 temptuous treatment. 
 
 To SPURT, See 5/,;V?. 
 
 SPUTA'TJON, S. theaa of fpitting. 
 
 To -SPU'TTER, V. N. \li^uto, Lat.] to 
 £m\t or caft out moifture Iiy fniall flying 
 drops } to fly out in fmali particles with 
 fome noife J to tlirow out fpiltle by haliy 
 jpecch. 
 
 SPY, S. \yfpio, Brit. e[pl:,i, Fr.fplc, Bejg.] 
 one fet to watch the conduct or motions of 
 another. 
 
 To SPY, V. A. to difcover at a diftance 
 by the eye ; to difcover by nice examina- 
 tion. Neuterly, to look into or examine 
 nicely. 
 
 SQUAB, Adj. unfeathered j fat ; thick, 
 and Itout. 
 
 SQUAB, S. a kind of fofa or couch ; a 
 fluffed cufhion. In Cookery, a chicken, &.c. 
 fo young as fcarccly fit to be eaten, 
 
 SQUA'U-PIE, S. a pie made of feveral 
 ingredients. 
 
 To SQUAB, V. N. to fall down plump 
 cr flat. 
 
 To SQUA'BBLE, V. N. [kk'Ma, Swed.] 
 to quarrel, wrangle, or fight. 
 
 SQL'A'BBLE, S, a low quarrel, or brawl. 
 
 SQUA'DRON, S. [ejuuiron, Fr. fc^uci- 
 drone, Ital,] a body of men drawn up in a 
 Iquare j a troop or paf t of an army ; a part 
 pi a fl(tet. 
 
 SQUA'UD, Adj. {r<fM:uU{us, Lat ] foul ; 
 ua(iy= 
 
 SQL'A'LIDITY, S. {fyuandltas, Lat.] 
 nadincTs J filihinefs; ill-favouvednefs. 
 
 To SQLIALL, V. N. [f'iuala, Swed,] to 
 fcre.~.m like a woman affriglited. 
 
 SQLTALL, S. a loud fcream 5 a fudden 
 gufi of vv ind. 
 
 SQUA'LOR, S. [Lat.] naninefs; grolT- 
 nefs. 
 
 SQUA'IVIEOUS, or SQUA'MOUS, Adj. 
 \ fquamofuiy Lat.] fcaly j having the rcfem- 
 blancc oi' fcales. 
 
 To SQLA'NDER, V. A. [-vcrlchnvctnisr., 
 Teut.] to fcatter lavilhly ; to fpend pro- 
 fufely. 
 
 SQUARE, Adj. \ yf^iuar, Brit. qujJratu:, 
 Lat. j Jiaving four iidcs or angles forming 
 aright angle; parrallel ; ftrong or well fet. 
 Square dealing, is honeft, jull, and cciual 
 dealing. 
 
 SQCJARE, S. \caryee, Fr. fjuadra, Ttal.] 
 a figure having four equal fides and angles; 
 an area or place of four Iidcs furi-ounded with 
 building.s ; tlie content of an angle. In 
 .'Arithmetic, the product of a number multi- 
 plied into itfelf. 
 
 To SQUARE, V. A. to form with foTir 
 fides and right angles ; to reduce to a fquare; 
 to mcai'uie, adjud, regulate, or fh-.pe. Neu- 
 terly, tofuit or agree with, ufcd with to or 
 'with. 
 
 SQUASH, Sec ^ajh. 
 
 ToSCHJAT, V. N. [ fjUiUare, Ital.j to 
 fit cowering or clofe to the ground. 
 
 SQL'Al', Adj. clofe to the ground j fitting 
 on the ground witir the legs doubled under 
 the body. 
 
 To SQt^JEAK, V N. [fqivaka, Swed.] to 
 fet up a ihrill cry with pain j to cry out or 
 fpcak with a Ihrill voice j to difcover any 
 thing through fear. 
 
 SQUEAK, S. a Ihiill cry. 
 
 SQUE'AKER, S. a perfon or Jnilrument 
 that makes a fhrill noife. - 
 
 To SQUEAL, V. N. See Squall. 
 
 SQUE'AMISH, Adj. [for qua-wm^p of 
 quaimij}}] eafily difgufled ; having the flo- 
 macli eafily turned. 
 
 SQUE'AIVIISHNESS, S. the quality of 
 having a nice, delicate, and weak Itomnch. 
 
 To SQL'EEZE, V. A. \_ivmjan. Sax. 
 yfiwaffrr., Brit.] to prefs hard, orcrufli be- 
 tween two fubftances ; to extort by violence. 
 Neuterly, to pafs by compreflion ; to force 
 w jy through clofe bodies. 
 
 SQUEEZE, S. the aft of prcfling 
 hard. 
 
 SQUIB, S. [fchiekn, Teut.T a quill filled 
 with gunpowder, &c. any petty fellow j a 
 fallhood. 
 
 SQUl'NANCY, S. ffquinancie, Fr.] a 
 {welling and inflammation of the throat, 
 wliich hindci-s fvvaUowing, and often flops 
 the breath. 
 
 SQUINT, Adj. [ffulnte, Belg.] looking 
 .•a-itli fhe eyes direftcd difTevtnt ways.
 
 S T A 
 
 To SQUINT, V. A. to look wub the eyes i 
 lurncJ difTerent ways. Neuterly, to look 
 afijuint. 
 
 SQUIRE, S. Sec Efyuire. 
 
 Sqyi'RREL, S. [cfcuru:;/, Tr. faurus,. 
 JLat.] a fmall animal living in woods and 
 remarkable tor its agility ni leaping from 
 tiee to tree. ] 
 
 To SQUIRT, V. A. to throw out through 
 a pipe in a continued ftream. 
 
 SCiyiRT, S. an inUiu:nent by which a 
 eont-nued ftream is formed. 
 
 To SQUI'TTEH. V. A. to void the ex- 
 crement with a noife. 
 
 To STAB, V. A. fftaven,c[i Belg.] to 
 pierceor wound with a" pointed indrumcnt j 
 to wound maliciouliy and mortally. 
 
 STAB, S. a wound given with a pointed 
 inftrument ; a fiy niifchicf. 
 
 STABI'LITY, S. [ />di;"A.v', Fr. Jtabilitai, 
 Lat ] (hength or firmriefs. 
 
 STABLE, S. \ftalulumy Lat.J a houfc 
 forliorfes. 
 
 To STA'BLISH, V. A. Sec E^tM-jh. 
 
 STACK, S. {jiocca, Ital.] a large quan- 
 tity of hay, corn, or wood heaped together ; 
 fevtral clijronies or funnels Handing to- 
 getlier. 
 
 To STACK, V. A, to pile up wood, hay, 
 &c. 
 
 STA'CTE, S. an aromatick ; the gum that 
 dillils from the tiee that produces myrrh, 
 
 STA'Di HOLDER, S. \ftadi, Belg. a 
 <>ity, and •' cWcv] the cMef magiflrate of the 
 United Provinces- 
 
 Sl'AtE, S. [plural, ha-ves, ftaf. Sax. 
 peff. Dm. ftaf, Rt'l.] a flick, uhich lupports 
 a peifon in walking, or which is ufiid as a 
 wcspi n ; a fjpport ; a flick ufed as a badge 
 ©t .{iithority. 
 
 ST At FORD, S. a mayor-borooph, and 
 the af.izc-town of Staflbrdihire, lies low, on 
 ihe river Sow, over wiiich is a good bridge. 
 Were src two handi'ome churches a frec- 
 K-hool, and fpacious market- place, in which 
 (t.nd.s the ihirt-hall. The town is well built, 
 -nd paved, and much increafed in its wealth 
 »nd inhabitatits, by means of its niBnufacflure 
 in clotli . Here the cuflom of borough Eng- 
 Hlh is Hill kept up. It gives title of earl to 
 fhe catholic branch of the Howards Its 
 weekly market is on Saturday, and annua] 
 fairs on the Tueiday preceding Shrovetide, 
 and on May 14 forhorics and cuttle ; junezg 
 for wool j Oihober a for colts ; and De- 
 cember 4. for cattle and fwine. It lies about 
 twelve mikj from Litchfield, and i55wefl 
 from London. 
 
 STA'FFORDSHIRE, S. oneof ihecoun- 
 ;"cs of England, is bounded on the E. by 
 War^vickfhire and Derbyfhire j on the S. by 
 "Worceflerlhirc; and on the W. by Shropdiire 
 and Clicthire ; which laft joining Derbylhire 
 on the N. where it terminates in an olinifc 
 •uigle, ioms its northern confines.- The 
 
 S T A 
 
 ri\'er Trent divides the county into the N. E« 
 and S. Y/. parts; tlie former of thefc again 
 fubdivided into the Moorlands, being the 
 more northerly mountainous parts that lie 
 between the Trent and the Dove, from the 
 three IhircJieads to Draycot in the Moor.', 
 and into the Vvoodlands, uhich is the more 
 fouti'.ei ly part of the county from Draycot to 
 Winchniorc, &c StafTordftiirc lies from S. 
 to N. almofl in form of a rhombus, being 
 commonly reckoned forty miles long, and 
 twenty fix broad ; ihongh 1 empleman givxs 
 fevtn miles m.^reto the length, und fix more 
 to the breadth. It contains one city, eigh- 
 teen maikct-towns, five hundreds, and 150 
 paiiHies. Though this county is boggy here 
 and there, its .lir ii generally good : in mo(t 
 pariS it is hilly, where the air is excellent, 
 particularly bitMcen Beach and 1 rentham, a 
 traft clear fiom woods, mines, or bogs ; fo 
 that the people here affirm, that tli y have 
 three chriltcnings to one bur\ ing. This coun- 
 ty is watered by thtfe tliree piincipul rivers; 
 namely the f rent, the thiriirivcr in Eneland, 
 interfccting the county to Derbylhire, having 
 the volume of its w atcrs incrrafcd on ihe N. 
 fide by feveral rivulets, wiiJitheSow, Eccle- 
 flial water, and other dreams. 2. Tlie Dove, 
 which running liirough a limeflonc foil, and 
 overflowing the meadow?, rendeis them very 
 fruitful i though Dr. J^lot afcribes this ferti- 
 lity to the fliccps dung walbeddown from the 
 hills. And, 3. by the Tame; not th»t 
 which join ihc JHs, but the river of the fame 
 name, which runs by Tamworth, and after- 
 wards falls mto the Trent, &c. Here are 
 alfo medicinal watrrs; fome mixed with bitu- 
 men, < thers with falts, and fome again with 
 fulphur. Of the bituminous fort are the 
 fprings near Becsford-houfe, Called Warm- 
 well, with another at Hynts. Of the ftlinc 
 kind, and of a ftronger brine, are the brintf 
 pits at Chertley, from which good white 
 fait arc made ; others are ot' a Weaker brine, 
 as thcfc about Epfom, Penfuit-clofe, and a 
 lough from a ccal mine in Bluc-hiil and pa- 
 rilh of Lceke, which tinges with the colour 
 of rufl. Ot the fulphurous fort arc St. 
 Erafmus's well at Ingettre, another near 
 Codfal-wood, one at VViUough bridge- park, 
 which contains a mod reftified fulphur. In 
 this p^rk are faid to be no lefs than fixtyof 
 thofe fprings. There are other waters net 
 reducible to any of the former claflcs, as 
 Salter's- wcii, -n.e3r Newcaflle Under Line. 
 Eldcr-wcil, nrar filim hill, and the Spa, naar 
 Wolverh.Tirpton.. The Moorlands, uhich ar« 
 mountainous, and therefore reckoned rfie 
 mod barren, produce a (hort but fwoet grafs ; 
 and feed as large cattle as thofe of Lancafnirc. 
 The banks of the Dove in particular main- 
 tain the great dairies which fnpply L'ttoxetcr 
 market with fuch florc of butter and cheefe. 
 Great numhers of Iheep, generally witii black- 
 nnfrs, irc fed in the northern as weli as in 
 
 tke
 
 S T A 
 
 ibc foiuhern parts ; but thry are fmall, »ni] 
 their wool coaHe. Of this much is imnu-l 
 tadturcd in the cloathing and felting bufi- 
 ncfs ; nor is the arable gmund lefs truithil 
 than the pafturcs; and cv^n the moor Lin ds, 
 when manured with marl and lime, mixed 
 M-ith turf-alhes, produce j^od ojts and b^rley 
 The (biithcrn parts, and fbmc adjacent pa- 
 lilhcsin the north, yield wheat, rye, barley, 
 pulfe, &c. In thcfc parts they alfo fow llax 
 and hemp. With regard to fulnerrancous 
 prodiidlions, the moors and woodlands yield 
 lead, copper, iron, marble, aLibafler, niill- 
 Itoncs, coal, fait, Ike. Of this f .rl is the 
 clijcc of Cannock- wood, and mofl of the 
 warrens and parks in this county. In the 
 more fruitful parts arc fcveral mails, which 
 arc ufcd with great fuccefs en ihc lands, and 
 bricks made of reddilh clay mail. Here like- 
 wife is brick earth which burns blue, fullers 
 earth, potter's-clay, particularly a Ibrt ulcd in 
 the )>l.ines at Amblecot, the bcfl in Knj^land, 
 and tlierttbrc fold at feven pence a bulhcl, 
 and fcnt as far as London, Brillol, <?cc. Slip, 
 a rcddilh earth, with which divers vcflcls 
 arc painted ; yellow and red ochres, chiefly 
 in the bcft lands, and tobacco-pipe clay. It 
 likewife yields *valuablc Hones and various 
 minerals, as fire-Qone, rocks of lime-ftone, 
 iron-llone, of which is a fort called mufh, ;is 
 b'g as the crown of a liat, and containing 
 about a pint of a cold (harp liquor, y;t plei- 
 iant, which the workmen arc fend of; the 
 ho(t fort of iron wares are made of it. Alfo 
 blood-flones, or harmatite;, coj^pcr ore, lead 
 ore, quarry (tones, niiH and grind (tones ; 
 and lallly, alabaltcr and mardle, of which 
 there are whole mountEiiis. In this county 
 there is plenty of tmf and pcp.t, cannel-coal, 
 peacock- coal, and pit coal. It is governed 
 by the four archdeacons of Stafford, Derby, 
 Coventry, and Shrewfbury, and contains 
 about 600 parilhes. It fends to parliament 
 two kni^^hts of the (hire, two members for 
 Litchfield, and the like number each for 
 StafTord and Ncvcallle Under Line. The 
 peogle of this county are particularly noted 
 for being fwift footed, foot-races being their 
 favourite diverfion. 
 
 STAG, S. the male of red deer. 
 
 STAGE, S. \eftage, Fr..] a floor raifed, 
 •n which any (how is exhibited; a place 
 where any thing is tranfadted ; a part of a 
 journey . 
 
 ST A'GE-CO ACH, S. a coach which pafTes 
 and rcpafles to and from the fame places. 
 
 STA'GEPLAY, S. a theatrical entertain- 
 Biect. 
 
 STA'GGARD, S, a young male of red 
 ^eer. 
 
 To STA'GGER, V. N. [/(agerer Bclg.] 
 to reel, or be unable to wa'lk or (tand fteadily ; 
 to faint or give way; to hefitate or be in 
 doubt. Nentcrly, to make a perfon reel ; 
 to (hock or aiiike lefj confiknt. 
 
 S T A 
 
 STA'GGERS, S. the cholic or apoplexy 
 in horfes. 
 
 SfA'GMA, S. in Chemiftry, juices of 
 plants mixed together, in order to diftilla- 
 tion. 
 
 STA'GMANT, Ad}. [ftJgnam, Lat.] 
 motionlcfs ; not running. 
 
 ToSFA'GMATE, \ . A.[f:agnum, Lit.] 
 to ftop its courfe ; to be wichoat motion. 
 
 STAGNA'TION, S. (coppagc of mo- 
 tion . 
 
 STAID, Part. adj. fober ; grave. 
 
 STAI'DNESS, S. free from levity; fohcr- 
 ncfb ; gravity; prudence. 
 
 lo^STAlN, V. A. [yftjenc;, Rrit.J t» 
 blot, fpot, or fpoil colour ; to difgracc. 
 
 STaIM, S. a fpot or difeoloration ; a 
 difgrace. 
 
 STAIN'ING, Adj. fpotting, or difco- 
 loiiring. 
 
 STAIR, S. [fteghcr. Sax. fiegbe, Belg.] 
 fteps by which wc afcend from the bottom to 
 liie top of any bi'ilJing. 
 
 STAIRCASE, S. that part of a building 
 which contains the ftairs. 
 
 STAKE, S. [/'jtvi. Sax. ftjfch, Belg. 
 tftjca. Span.] a poft or firong ('tick faftencd 
 in the ground; any tiling placed as a palli- 
 fa dc 4 any Uiing pledged or wagered; the 
 ftatc of being pledged or hazarded ; a fmall 
 anvil. 
 
 To STAKE, V. A. to faflen or fupport 
 with pieces of timber fet upright; to wager, 
 pledge or hazard. 
 
 sVaLE, Adj. \ftdlc, Belg.]old; kept 
 long ; impaired by time, 
 
 STALE, S. [jt^Un, Sax.] a proftitute; 
 urine; old beer. 
 
 To STALE, V. A. to wear out or make 
 old. Neutcrly, to make water. 
 
 STALE'NESS, S. of an old date; not 
 frclh. 
 
 To STALK, V. N. [ftealcan. Sax.] t9 
 w.ilk in a proud manner ; t« walk lofty. 
 
 STALK, S. a proud and lofty ftcp ; the 
 ftemofa plant, corn, ^c. 
 
 STA'LKING-HORSE, S. a horfe made 
 ufc of in tunnelling for partridges ; a perfon 
 employed as a tool ; a pretence. 
 
 STALL, S. [fteal, Sax./fd/, Belg. ftata^ 
 Ital.J a crib in which an ox is fed ; a bench, 
 &c. whore any thing is expofed to fale ; & 
 fmall houfe or (hed, in which certain trades 
 are carried on ; the feat of a dignified clergy- 
 man in a choir. 
 
 To STALL, V. A. to keep in a ftall or 
 ftable. To inveft, ufed for inftall. To glut 
 orcloy. Neuterly, to kenncU 
 
 STA'LLAGE, S. money paid for keeping 
 a ftall in a fair or market. 
 
 SFA'LLION, S. [yfdalwytt, Brit, ejta!- 
 /•or, 'Fr.ft:illot:, Ital.] a ftone-horfe kept for 
 covering mares; a man kept to fatisfy the 
 lewd delires of a woman j the bully of m 
 proftitute. 
 
 STA'MINA,
 
 S T A 
 
 ■ STA'MINA, S. f L3f.] the fiifi piInclpTes 
 of any thing j the folids of a liuinan ho*'y. 
 In Botany, the little fine threads which 
 grow round the fiylc within the fiovvers of 
 plants, and bear the apices on their extre- 
 mities. 
 
 STA'MINEOUS, Adj. thready; appear- 
 ing as if full of threads. Among Florifts, 
 flowers which want the fine coloured leaves 
 called fetala, and confift only of the (lylus 
 and flamina, and thence called imperfect. 
 
 STA'MMEL, S. in low language, a large 
 flouncing mare j a rude bouncing wench. 
 
 ToSTA'MMER, V. N. [Jtams, Goth. 
 ftamur, Sax.] to fpcak with great ditficulty 
 and hefitatioH ; to have an impediment in 
 the fpeech. 
 
 STA'MMERER, S. one who faulters in 
 fpeaking. 
 
 To STAMP, V. A. [ftampen, Btlg.ftam- 
 fer, Dan. J to Orike by forcing the foot ha (lily- 
 down wards 5 to beat in a mortar 5 to iniprefs 
 V'ith fome mark or figure ; to coin. 
 
 • STAMP, S. \cj!ampe, Fr. Jtamp.:, Ital.] 
 anyinlhument by which an impreflion is 
 made j a mark or impieflion made by damp- 
 ing ; a pidure cut in wood for marking 5 
 authority ; make ; caft ; form. 
 
 To S rAKCH, V. A. \cjiandcr, Fr. Jtr.- 
 r.jre, Ital. ftagno, Lat.J to ftop blood, or 
 hinder from running. 
 
 STANCH, Adj. found, or not letting out, 
 applied to veflcls. Firm, trufty, or found of 
 principle ; ftiong, or not broken. 
 
 STA'NCHION, S. [etav^of,, Fr.] in build- 
 ing, a ftay ; a fupport. 
 
 STA'NCHNESS, S. firmnefs ; the quality 
 of being trufty, or of found principle. 
 
 To STAND, V. N. fpreter / fiocd, of 
 ha-veJto'J;-f(ai!der!,S:Ly..~\\.o reft upon one's 
 feet J toiernain undemoliflicd, or not thrown 
 down j to ftop, halt, or ceafe ; to be without 
 a£lion. Toftu.-d dgaia/t, tn reCiCt or oppofe. 
 Teftar.d hy, to fupport or defend j to be prc- 
 fent only as a fpeciator ; to repofe on, or 
 confide in. lojhirdfor, to propofcone's feif 
 «s a candidate. To ftand off, to keep at a 
 diflance J to refufe compliance; to decline 
 intimacy; or fViendlhip, ToftamI out, to con- 
 tniue ; firm in a refolution ; to deny compli- 
 
 S T A 
 
 thing tried ly proper tefl ; a flanding flenf 
 or tree. 
 
 STA'NDING, Adj. fettled or long efbb- 
 lifhed ; lafting ; motionlefs ; pla'ce'd on feet. 
 
 STA'NDING, S. continuance in any port, 
 place, or flat ion ^ power to Hand ; rank j 
 competition of candidates. 
 
 STA'NDISH, S. a cafe for pens and ink. 
 
 STA'NKARY, S. [j'tamum, Lat.J rc- 
 lating to the tin- works, 
 
 STA'NZA, S. [ftanza, lla\. ftance, Fr,] 
 a verfein a poem conlifting of more than two 
 lines. 
 
 STAPLE, S. [eftape, Yr.ftapel, Belg.J a 
 fettled market. 
 
 STAPLE, Adj. fettled ; eftablifhed ; ac- 
 cording to the laws of commerce. 
 
 STAPLE, S. [ftap-ul. Sax.] a nail hav- 
 ing two (hanks, and when driven forming a 
 loop. 
 
 s'tAR,S. {ftdirron,G<A.h. fiaerra,Six.'\ 
 one of the luminous bodies which appear in 
 the (ky at night. 
 
 STA'RBOARD, S. [/rfc/-ior</, Sax.] the 
 right hand fide of a fhip. 
 
 STARCH, S. \ftcrc. Tent.] a kind of 
 pade made of flour or potatoes, with which 
 linen is (liffencd. 
 
 STARCH, Adj. {fistc, Teut.] fliff or 
 forlnal. 
 
 To STARCH, V, A. to ftiffen with 
 ftarch. 
 
 S T.VRCHED, Adj. ftifTencd with ftarch; 
 ft iff, precife, or formal. 
 
 To STARE, V. N. fftaiian, Szx.fterren, 
 Belg.] to look with fixed eyes; to look 
 (leadily with wonder, impudence, confidence', 
 ftupidit)', or horror. Ta pari: in the face, 
 fignifies to be undeniably evident. To ftand 
 out. 
 
 STARE, S. a fixed or impudent look. 
 
 STARK, A<ij. Iftcrcftarc, Ss:tk. ficrck, 
 Bc\g. ft^rc, Teut.] ftiff; rugged; plain; 
 grofs in the higheft degree. 
 STARK, S. a ftarling. 
 
 STA'RLIGHT, S. the light or luftre of 
 the ftars. 
 
 STA'RRY, decorated with ftars; rcfem- 
 bling ftars. 
 
 To START,. V. N. \fiartzer:, Teut.] to 
 
 ance ; to be prominent. 7s /?.:;;i /a, to ply ; | feel or give an involuntary (hi ink, twitch, 
 
 to perfcvere or continiie any adion ; to le 
 main fixed in a purpofc ; Do abide by a con- 
 trad or aflertion. Adtively, to fuftain with- 
 out yielding ; to abide ; to keep or maintain. 
 
 STAND, S. a fi.iLron, or place where one 
 ^■aits ft.nnding ; rank or poft ; a ftcp or halt j 
 an interruption or intcrmillion ; the higheft 
 mark or deeree beyond which a thingcaunot 
 proceed ; difficulty ; perplexity ; a frame on 
 which veflcls arc placed. 
 
 STA'NDARD, S. [efiaridart, Fr.] an en- 
 Cgn, particularly that of the cavalry ; that 
 which is of undoubted authority, and the 
 tdt of other things of the fame kind ; fome- 
 
 r motion, on the apprehenfion of danger; to 
 ^o out di' the way, or deviate. To rife fud- 
 denly,' ufed \vith . up. To fet out in any 
 coui'fe or purfult. Adivcly, to alarm or 
 difturb fuddenly j to make fiy ; to drfcover"; ' 
 to put fuddenly out of its place. 
 
 START, S. a fuJden twitch or motion of 
 terror; a fally or nnexpccked flight ; a quick 
 fprins; or motion. To get the ftart, is to "begin 
 before another. 
 
 SrA'RTING, S. among Jockies, the frt- 
 ting out of the horfcs at the beginning of a 
 heat. Among Brewers, the putting new bcei' 
 or ale to that which is decayed, in order to 
 
 re-
 
 S T A 
 
 revive it; er the filling empty butts with 
 new beer. 
 
 STA'RTISH, Adj. inclinable to Oavt. 
 
 To STA'RTLE, V. N. to Oirlnk, or 
 catdi on a fuJJcn appreheiifion of ilan^cr. j 
 Aflively to frighten, or make a perfon jump, I 
 with tc-;ir. 
 
 STA'RTLE, S. a fudden Oiock or alarm ! 
 of terror. 
 
 To STARVE, V. N. f/w--/,,:, Sax.yPcr- 
 •vai, Belg ] [o perifli witii hunger or cold. 
 Aftively,. to kill with hunger or culd j to 
 deprive of force or vigour, 
 
 STA'RVELING, S. an animal that is 
 both thin and weak for want of food. 
 
 STATE, S. \Jiutus, Lat.] condition ; 
 circumftanccs of nature or fortune; the fet- 
 tled meaning or tenor J the community orj 
 public ; a government j rank or quality ; fo- 1 
 Icmn pomp or grandeur ; a canopy ^ tlie chief ,' 
 ptrtoin ill an adminiflration. Compounded 
 uith other words, it fignifics public, or re- 
 lating t3 government. 
 
 To STATE, V. A. [covjlatcr, Fr.] to 
 fettle or regulate j to reprclent with all its 
 circumllances. 
 
 Si A' rELINESS, S. grandeur of appear- 
 ance or mien ; proud behaviour. 
 
 STATKLY^ Adj. pompous j majeflic. 
 
 STATES-GE'NERAL, S. an afTcmbiy 
 of the deputies of the fevei-al Dutch pro- 
 vinces. 
 
 STATESMAN, S. one verfcd or concern- 
 ed in the arts of government. 
 
 ST.VTIC, or STATICAL, Adj. lelating 
 to the fcience of weigh.ing. 
 
 STATICKS, S. \J)a:ique, Fr. cftTi)'..;, 
 Gr.] the fcience which confidcrs the weight 
 of bodies, or the motion of bodies arifing 
 froili gravity. 
 
 STATlO^r, S. \pf:o, Lat.] the aft of 
 fianding ; a place or po(t ; fituation 5 em- 
 ployment; rank or condition of lite. 
 
 To STATION, V. A. to fet in a certain 
 rank, port:, or place. 
 
 STA'TIONARY, Adj. fixed. 
 
 STA'TIONER, S. one who fells paper, 
 formerly applied to bookfellers on account of 
 the ftands or stations in which they expofed 
 their books. 
 
 STATUARY, S. \ftatuah-e, Fr.] the art 
 of carving images ; a carver of images. 
 
 STA'TUE, S. [ftatua, Lat.[ a carved or 
 cart image. 
 
 ST.VrURE, S, [Fr. ftatura, Lat,] the 
 heiglit of an animal. 
 
 STATUTE, S. [ftaiut, Yr.ftamum, Lat.] 
 an edift of a legiflator ; a law ; an aft of par- 
 liament. 
 
 To STAVE, V. A. [from ftaff, in the 
 pIural/r^'j/«] to break barrels in pieces. 
 
 STAVES, the plural oi Staff. 
 
 To STAY,V. N. [Jtaen, Be1g.>;V, Run".] 
 to continue in a place, or in the fame ftate ; 
 to w ait j to Hop or ftand ftiil, Ufed with me 
 
 S T E 
 
 or ul>on, to rert or confide in. Aftively, t«L 
 flop ; to delay ; to keep trom departing. T<» 
 prop, ufcd with «», or iip: from cftaycr, Fr. 
 
 STAY, S. eoittinuance in the iame place ; 
 fl<Mid or Itop ; a fi.xed itate; a proper lupport. 
 Among Mariners, ropes which fupport< the 
 malls and keep iliein from falling. In the 
 plural, a whalebone covering svoin by wo- 
 men, and laced behind. 
 
 STA'YMAKER, S. a maker of women's 
 flays. 
 
 STA'YEDNF.SS, S. See Staldn-fs. 
 
 bTEAD, S. \pcd, SaK. ptljMds, Goth.] 
 a place, room, or poll occupied by another. 
 Ahcrf[ar:J, ufe.help, or fcrvice. Compouudf- 
 ed with Ziv/, the frame on Which it Hands. 
 Su.!,i or/to/, in the name of places, comeS 
 (vomfud, or //))(/, Sax. a place; but if it be 
 fituatcJ on a river, i'vom fraJa, lil. jathay 
 Sax. a flation for (hips. 
 
 To STICAD, V. A. to help ot affirt. 
 
 STE'ADILY, Adv. v^ithout tottering or 
 altering. 
 
 STt'ADINESS, S. the quality of not Ixv 
 ing ealily moved or difconterted j not liable 
 to change. 
 
 STE'ADY, Adj. firm ; con flan t ; fure. 
 Among Sailors, to keep the fliip coaUant in 
 iicr courfe. 
 
 STF.AK, S. [fryck, or fuck, 1(1 ] a pice? 
 of meat to be fried or broiled. 
 
 To STEAL, V. A \jpxciiv Jtole , part. palT. 
 ftolen -jftelan, Sax. fteL';-, Eelg.j to take away 
 what is another's privately ; to gain or efieft 
 inafccret or imperceptible manner. Neu- 
 terly, to withdraw fecrctly ; to be guilty of 
 taking what is another's without liis knovv-- 
 ledge or notice. 
 
 STEALTH, S. the .nft of taking what be- 
 longs to another without his knowledge or 
 notice. By fteahh, fignifies fecet'ly, and is 
 fometimes ufed in a good fenfe. 
 
 STEAISI, S. [pane. Sax.] the vapour arl- 
 fing from any boiling or hot liquor. 
 
 To STEAM, V. N. to fend up vapours, 
 applied to hot liquors. 
 
 STE'AMINESS, S, abounding with va- 
 pours. 
 
 STEATCVMA, S. [Gr.] matterin a wea 
 compofed of fat, 
 
 STE'DFAST, Adj. fart in a place; firm 
 in refolution. 
 
 STE'DFASTLY, Adv. firmly; reib- 
 lutely. 
 
 STE'DFASTNESS, S. coxiftancy; firm- 
 nefs ; refolution, 
 
 STEED, S. [fteda. Sax,] a horfc. 
 STEEL, S. f//«/, Sax. /fjt/,' ^dg. fdJxe, 
 RufT] iron purified in the fire withoiher in- 
 gredients, which tender it white, and its 
 grain clofer and finer. Figuratively, weapons 
 ■of armour. In Medicine, ct\alybeatc remedies. 
 Proverbially, any thing hard. 
 
 To STEEL, V. A to point or edge with 
 Reel j to make hard, firm, or in-fenilhre.- 
 
 STEE'LYARD,
 
 S t E 
 
 STFF'LYARD, S. a kind of balance for 
 weigliing 
 
 SrEtlP, Adj. [/?f^/, Sax.] difficult and 
 dangerous to alceud ordefcend, becaufc with 
 ■very little ibnt. 
 
 STLKP, S. a precipice ; an afcenc dlmoft 
 ptrpcDilicular. 
 
 1o STRhP, V. A. [ftef-feti, Be'g fwpnke, 
 Pol. J to foak long in litjuor. 
 
 STEtPLfc* S. |/?c^/,/, Jiypel, Sax.] the 
 fpirt or turret of a church in which tlie bells 
 hang. 
 
 STEE'PN'ESS.S. declivity; great defcent. 
 
 STEER, S. \ jlyrcftcor, Ji'cn, Sax jikr, 
 Beig ] a young bullock. 
 
 To STEER, V. A. {fttuan, Pymn, Sax. 
 fi-un, Bclg.J to dirc£^ or guide in its pafljge. 
 Neu'erly to guide a vetlel in it.scourfe 
 
 STEE'R-hGF, S. the aft of gu ding a 
 rc^cl in its courfe ; thn which guides ajiy 
 thing in its courfe ; the fttrn or huidcrpau 
 cf a lliip. 
 
 S 1 EK'RSMAN, S. one that fteers or guides^ 
 a veflcl in its courfe; one who chiefly con - 
 cucl". ihe affiirs of a ftaic 
 
 STEGA'NOGRAPHY, S. frf)"*"." and 
 Yfi^ii, Or. J the art of fecret writing ; cha- 
 ra([)crs cr cyphers know only to perfons that 
 corrcff ond with each other. 
 
 SIEGNO'SIS. S. [Gr.] a flopping up 
 » t'^e pores of the body. 
 
 STEGNO'TJCS, S. [r>;j.vorixa Gr.j 
 binilin;.; medicines. 
 
 STE'LLAR, Adj. \JIJU, Lat.J relating to 
 the (tars j full of liars. 
 
 STE'LLATE, Adj. \ fuUatus, Lat.] 
 marked with fpots like flats, in Botany, 
 plants having their leaves growing on the 
 (talks at certaii! di (lances, in the form of a 
 ILr. 
 
 STELLI'FEROUS, Adj. bearing Hars. 
 
 STE'LLIONATE, S. in Law, a kind of 
 crime which is committed by a dLceitfiil 
 felling a thing for otherwife than it leally 
 is ; as if a man fiiould fell that for his own 
 ctlate which is the propeity of anotlicr. 
 
 STEM, S. \_j'i,mr„a, Lat ] a ftalk or twig; 
 a family or race J the prow, or forepart of a 
 fi-.ip. 
 
 To STEM, V. A. [Jt^mn-.cL, III.] to op- 
 pofc a current. 
 
 STENCH, S. [from ftencan, Sax ] a bad 
 fmell. Drydtn has ufed it for a good fmell. 
 
 To STENCH, V. A. to Ant with a bad 
 fmtll. 
 
 STENO'GRAPHY, S. [from q-f^i, and 
 y(a<f, Gr.j the art of writing iu Iccrct cha- 
 racters, or fnort hand. 
 
 To STEP, V. N. \fnepfav. Sax. ftappen, 
 Belg. ftcfcc, Pol.Jto move by a fingle change 
 or motion of the feet ; to advance fuddenly j 
 lo ir:ice backwards or forwards in the mind j 
 to take a fhort walk. 
 
 STEP, S. [ jtoL-p, Sax. /tap, Belg.] motion 
 by moving one loot befote another j a flair ; 
 
 S T I 
 
 a round of a ladder ; the fpace pa fled by the 
 fingle remove of the foot; a fmall fpace, 
 patlage or conduct; the print of afoot; the 
 maimer of walking ; acfUon or conduft. 
 
 STEP, in Compofition, fignifies one re- 
 lated to aHotheronly by marriage; i'romfreop. 
 Sax. of Jttpiin, Sax. to deprive or make an or- 
 phan ; hence we meet wifh the words frep- 
 daughter, or fup-fon, as well as jtep-mother ; 
 that is, a daughter or fon that ar^orphans, 
 or have lofl their own mother ; and a perfon 
 who by marriage is the mother of another 
 that was an orphan, or had lofl a mother by 
 death. 
 
 STERCORA'TION, S. the zd of cover- 
 ing or mixing with dung, 
 
 STERCORARY, Adj. {jtercorarmi, Lat.] 
 feediiig up<n dunp. 
 
 STERF:'GGRAPHY, S \ftereograpkm, 
 Lat. from cepec?, and \pa<{)iw, Gr.j the art of 
 reprcfenting folids on a plane. 
 
 STEREO'METRY, S. [of cepEff, and 
 /ttHTpsi', Gr.j a fcicnce teaching to n)cafur6 
 folid bodies, ot to find their folid contents. 
 
 STE'RIL, Adj. [//o-.-.V, Fr. jtcrilh, Lat.] 
 barren, or prodi.cingncither fruit norchildreii. 
 
 STERI'LITY, S. {Jtaifiu; Fr. ftermta:, 
 Lat. I barrennefs; or wanting the power to 
 produce fruit or offspring. 
 
 STt'RI^LNG, Adj. [from the Eafterlir;s, 
 originally employed in coinage] genuine 
 Englifh ; havicg twenty (hillings Engl.lh to 
 the pound. 
 
 STE'RLING, S. Englifh coin ; (landard 
 money or rate. 
 
 STERN, Adj. [fryrrn. Sax.] fevere in look 
 or manners. 
 
 STERN, S.[fteorf!, Sax.] the hind part of a 
 (hip; thr hinder part of any thing ; dire£lion. 
 
 STER'NLY', Adj. feverely ; morofely. 
 
 STE'RNNESS, S. feverity in look or 
 manners. 
 
 STERNUTATION, S. [ fte, rutamX^t.] 
 a convulfive (liaking of the nerves and muf- 
 cles, occafioned by an irritation of thofe in 
 the noftrils ; fneezing. 
 
 STERNUTATIVE, Adj. provoking 
 fneezing. 
 
 To STEW, V. A. [efiuwr, Fr. fto-ven, 
 Belg.] lo feethe any thing with a flow heat 
 and a fmall quantity of litjuor. 
 
 STEW, S. [ efiu-ve, Fr. /tufj, Ital. .ftufa. 
 Span.] a bagnio; a brothel ; a flore pond, or 
 filh pond. 
 
 STE'WARD, S. [ftkvard. Sax.] one 
 who manages the affairs ©f another, particu- 
 larly with refpeft to money. 
 
 STI'BIAL, Adj. antimonial. 
 
 STICK, S. [Jticca, Szx. ftecco, Ital. fteck, 
 Belg.] a thin and longilh piece of wood. 
 
 To STICK, V. A. [preterand part, paflivc 
 ftuck;Jtican, Sax.] to faften on fo that it may 
 remain or adhere without falling off ; to ftab 
 or pierce with a pointed inftrument. Neu- 
 terly, to adhere to without falling off; to be 
 I infeparable j
 
 S T I 
 
 mfeparable ; to remain in the memory ; Lo 
 (lop in its piflage ; to be conftant ; to heli- 
 tate, ufeJ witht?/-. To be perplexed. 
 
 To STl'CKLE, V. N. to uke part with 
 one fide or another j to contend witli obfti- 
 nacy. 
 
 STI'CKLER, S. one uhn is bnfy in pul)- 
 lic affairs ; one who is /.e.iloiis in ilie caufe 
 he efponfcs. 
 
 STl'CKY, Adj. faficning itfeif to any 
 thinq ittouclies. 
 
 STIFF. Adj. [fr.f, Sax. friff, Dan.] not 
 eafiiy to be bent, or put out of form by 
 the touch; not eafily fubdued; obftlnate ; 
 formal. 
 
 To STI'FFEN, V. A. r/'{/f.7«, Sax.] to 
 make ftiff, or hard to be bent ; to make ob- 
 ftinate, Neutcrly, to become haid to be bent, 
 or obftinate. 
 
 STI'FFLY, Adv. in a ftubborn or obni- 
 rate manner. 
 
 STI'FFNESS, S rigidity j hardncfs. Ob- 
 Ainacy ; rtubbornnefs. 
 
 To STIFLE, V. A. [eficufa; Fi.] to fmo- 
 thcr for want of air ; to keep in ; to cxtin- 
 guifh ; to fupprefs or conceal. 
 
 STl'GMA, S. [Lat.J a brand with a hot 
 iron ; a mark of infamy. 
 
 To STI'GMATIZE, V. N. fftiymatifer, 
 Fr.J to mark with a branJ ; to difgrace with 
 a note of infamy or reproach. 
 
 STILE, S. [fiigek, Six. froai pigan, Sax.] 
 a fet of fteps by which a perfon may pafs 
 from one inclofure to another j a pin in a fun- 
 dial wliich forms the fliadow. 
 
 To STILL, V. A. [fiiilan, Sax, JrUhn, 
 Relg.] to make filcnt ; quiet or appeafe ; to 
 llop motion. 
 
 STILL, Adj. [/•;•//, Belg.] without noife, 
 motion, or rage. 
 
 STILL, S. a flateof calmnefs and filence; 
 a veflel u fed in dirtilling. 
 
 STILL, Adv. \ ftille. Sax.] to this time 
 inclufive ; neveithelefs. 
 
 To STILL, V. A. See DUtiJ. 
 STI'LBORN, Adj. dead born. 
 STI'LLICILE, S. [Lat.l a fuccefllon of 
 drops. 
 
 , STI'LLNESS, S. the ftate of being free 
 from motion or noife. 
 
 STILTS, S. [j^>'/.'cr, Svved./v.Vo«, Dan.] 
 fticks with ftraps, in which boys put their 
 feet, and raife themftlves to walk in. 
 
 To STI'MULATE, V. A. [ftimuhtys, 
 Lat.] to prick ; to incite to aftion by fome 
 forcible notice. In Phyfic, to excite a quick 
 fenfation, and a derivation towards the 
 part. 
 
 . STIMULATION, S. the aft of JHciting 
 to aftion ; the a£t of inciting a quick fcnfa' 
 don. ' '■ ' 
 
 To STING, V. A. fpreter fiuv.g, part. 
 pafT./cflK^, and yhf;;^ ; ftingan, Sax-] to pierce 
 ox prick with a pointed dart infsfted with 
 venom \ to put to great paih or torture. 
 
 S T O 
 
 STING, S. a fliarp and venomous point 
 with which fome animals are armed; any 
 thing that gives pain ; the lift verfe of an 
 epi^-ram, conveying fome fharp or pointed 
 thought. 
 
 _ STING I'NESS, S, coveroufiiefs; niggard- 
 linefs. 
 
 STI'NGO, S. [from the fliarpnefs of its 
 tafte] old flrong beer. 
 
 STI'NGY, S. [the » pronounced foft like 
 a 7 J covetous ; loth to give or fpcnd. 
 
 To STINK, V. N. I preter/wn,' or ftunk j 
 J'lincan, Sax. j'tincka:, Belg. j. to be piitrificd 
 and caufe a bad fcent. 
 
 STINK, S. an ofilnfivefmclL 
 
 STl'NKARD, S. a flinking, iiaffy, paltVy 
 fellow. 
 
 STI'NK-POT, S. an arilficial compofi- 
 tion offenfive to the fmcll. 
 
 ToSTINT, V. A. [/'■•.•.'.-:, Swed. y?j/r/<7, 
 in.] to bound ; to retrain ; to give fparinply, 
 or confine to fliort allowance. 
 
 STINT, S. limit; bound. A proportion 
 afTigned. 
 
 STl'PEND, S. [/f/>mr/z/«, Lat.J wages, 
 or fettled pay. 
 
 STIPE'NDIARY, S. Iftlpekdlalre, Tr.fn- 
 pet:diar!:is,'L3.t..] 3ne who performs any fervice 
 for a fettled payment. 
 
 STITTIC, or STJ'PTIC.^L, Adj. See 
 Siff>r:c. 
 
 "ToSTI'PUL.ATE, V. N. [ftipuhtus, 
 Lat.] to fettie or make a bargain on certain 
 terms. 
 
 STIPULATION, S. an agreement; a 
 covenant. 
 
 To STIR, V. A. [fth-can. Sax. foonn, 
 Belg.] to move or remove from its place; to 
 incite; to agitate, or put the parts of a Hnid 
 in motion, by keeping fomething continually 
 moving between them. To fib- up, to put in 
 action : to incite or provoke, Neuterly, to 
 move one's felf j to be in motion ; to rife 
 out of bed. 
 
 STIR, S. [/.vr, Run.] a tumult, buHIe, 
 or public commotion. 
 
 STI'RIOUS, Adj. hanging in drcps like 
 icicles. 
 
 STI'RRUP, S. [pl^erap, S x.] an iron 
 loop hung by a ftrap, aflifliiig -n horfeman in 
 mounting his horfe. 
 
 To STITCH, V. A. [fikkc, Dzn. frirkin, 
 Belg.] to wotk in a peculiar manner with a 
 needle. ' To Jiit'cb tip, to mend fomething 
 rent. Nenterly, to perform needle \vork. 
 
 STITCH, S. a fingle pafs of a needle and 
 thread through any thing ; a fliarp pain f 
 {romjl'iciati. Sax. 
 
 STI'THY, S. [ ftedie, lA.fncb, Sax.] an 
 anvil. ^ ' ■ ,->v' , 
 
 To STIVE; V. A. 4;from tjhe fame origi- 
 nal as Stiw j to ftiifTupclofc ;• to make fact 
 and fultry for wartt.of vent. 
 
 STO'AKER, S. one who looks after fires, 
 and"keepsfb?n3U;;»^.-.::.> ,■•:-.;■ 
 
 rK vSTOCCA'DC,
 
 S T O 
 
 STOCCA'DO, S. [ftoccafa, from ftuco, 
 Ital.) aihrultwith a rapier. 
 
 STOCK, S. ijtoc, -ax. j't:ick, Belg. ef'oc, 
 Fr.J the trunk or body of a plant or tree ; a 
 log ; a pcrfcn remarkably fli:p:d ; the handle 
 
 S T O 
 
 STONE, Adj. made of flonc. 
 To STONE, V. A. to hit or kill with 
 ftones; to harden. 
 STO'NY, Adj. full of (tones. "* 
 
 STOOL, S. [y:';/i, Goth. ^y:67 Brit. /J, 
 ct any thing ; the frame on Vhich a Hiip is j Sax. and Schv. j'toci, Belg. f/iig, RuflT.jW/f.-, 
 lupported xvfiilc building ; a clofe neckcloth; Boh.) a feat without a back j evacuation by 
 a race, or family ; the fund with which a purging medicines. 
 
 perfon carries on trade ; goods employed in To STOOP, V.N. [ftupian. Sax. ftuyfien , 
 trade; quantity; a fund ellablilhed by theJBelg.] to bend downwards or forwards, fi- 
 rover'nraent. ! guratively, to yield or uibmit. 
 
 To STOCK, V. A. to (lore; to lay in j To STOP, V. A. {efmper, Fr. Jt'-f-pare, 
 
 flock ; to put in the (locks. ItvX.ft'ppen, Belg.] to hinder in moving or 
 
 STOCKFISH S. dried cod, fo called from [action ; to put an end to motion or adlion ; 
 
 S. the covering of the 
 
 its hardnefs. 
 
 STOCKING, 
 legs 
 
 STO'CKJOBBER, S. a low \yretch who 
 gets money by buying and felling in the 
 funds. 
 
 STOCKS, S. [it has no fmgular] a con- 
 financnt for tl.c l:gs. 
 
 STO'CK-STILl, Adj. as motionlefsas a 
 log. 
 
 STO'rCK, S. a follower of the feft of 
 Zenoj this ("eft received its name from Stoj, 
 Gr. a porch, becdufe Zeno taught his difci- 
 ples in a common porch of the ci'y of Athens. 
 Ihey he'd the doiftrine of the neutrality of 
 external things. 
 
 STOKK, or STOAK, in the names of 
 places comes horn Jtoccc, Sax. the (lock or 
 body of a tree. 
 
 STOLE, S. [ftola, Lat.] a long ved or 
 robe. Grcomofthefiok, is the head officer 
 belonging to the king's bed- chamber. 
 
 to ciole any aperture ; to put the points to 
 the ieveral branches of a period in writing. 
 Neuterly, to ceafe from motion or aflion; to 
 rcfufe payment, or become a bankrupt. 
 
 STOP, S. a hindrance or obftrufllon of 
 a£lion or motion ; a point uCed in dividing 
 fentences. 
 
 STO'PPLE, S. fomething by which the 
 mouih of a bottle or veflcl is flopped up. 
 
 STORE, S. {Jtor, Run.] plenty or a large 
 number or quantity j a (lock laid by or re- 
 fer ved. 
 
 To STORE, V. A. to fnpply or furnifh 
 in large quantities ; to rcfcrve or lay by in 
 large quantities for a future time j to lay up 
 or hoard. 
 
 STO'RGE, S. [Gr.] inftinfl ; natural 
 affe£lion. 
 
 STORK, S. a bird of paflage, famous for 
 the regularity of its departure. 
 
 STORM, S. \adj'tuma, R.\.\n. ftorm. Sax. 
 ftormo, Ital.] a violent agitation of the wind, 
 or commotion of the elements ; a violent af- 
 fault on a fortified place ; violence of paflion; 
 
 STOLE, preter oi St.-al. 
 
 STO'LEN, part. palTive of 5/<?^/, 
 
 STOLI'DITY, S. foolifhnefs ; want oflmileryor diftrefs. 
 fenfe. | To STORM, V. A. to attack by open 
 
 STO'MACH, S. {eftcmachf'Fr. ftomachusAiorcc. Neuterly, to raife tern peils ; to rage. 
 Lat.] that part of the body in which the STO'RIvIY, Adj. tempeltuous ; boiiter- 
 food is digetfed ; appetite, hunger, or defire i ous ; violent. 
 
 of food ; inclination ; anger; fullcnnefs or j STO'RY, S. \_ftcer., Sax. ftorie, Belg.fto' 
 rcfentment. { ria, Ital,] an account of things pad:, centrally 
 
 To STO'MACH, VI N. [ftomacho, Lat.] jasplied to a relation of trifling and "fiftitious 
 
 to refent, 
 
 STO'MACHER, S. an ornamental co- 
 vering worn by women on the front of their 
 flays. 
 
 bTOMA'CHIC, or STOMA'CHICAL, 
 Adj. relating to the fiomach j good for t!ic 
 flom.ich. 
 
 STOMA'CHICS, S. [ftomachla, Lat.] 
 medicines that (Irengtheu the (loniach, and 
 caufe an appetite. 
 
 STONE, S. [j'tai/is, Goih.ftan, Sax] an 
 in(ipid hard body, neither ffralleable, dutlile, 
 nor folublc in water; a gem or precious done; 
 the l^ird covering of the kernel of a fruit ; a 
 difoider confiding of a hard concretion of 
 gr.ivel or fabulous matter; a welghtconfiding 
 »f fourteenpounds^ 71 ka-ve jioftonc unturned., 
 is to do every tiling that can be doae towaids 
 ^c fucccfs of ail uiidcrtaking.' 
 
 thing?; a floor or flight of rooms 
 
 To STO'RY, v.* A. to relate any tranf- 
 ai£lion either real or fiftitious ; to range above 
 one another. 
 
 STOVE, S. \ftoo, la.fofca, Sax.] a hot- 
 houfe, orrootn made warm by art; aplace in 
 which fire is made. 
 
 To STOUND, V. N. [JiurJ.-, 1(1,] to be 
 in pain or forrow. Ufed by Spenfer for 
 
 ffuntt'J. 
 
 STOUND, S. forrow; aftonilhment ; 
 hour ; feafon. 
 
 STOUT, Adj. [/tauten', Goth.] ftrong;, 
 brave ; intrepid ;firm, or able to bear a great 
 weight. 
 
 srOU'TNES=5, s. bodily (Irength j bra- 
 very ; intrepidity. 
 
 To STOW, V. A. Iftm', Sax.] to lay 
 up ; to put in a proper place. 
 
 STO'WAGE,
 
 S T R 
 
 STO'WAGE, S. money paid for laying 
 up goods; the place where goods are laii 
 up. 
 
 STOWE, in the names of places, is de- 
 rived t'tomjhiu. Sax a place. 
 
 To STRADDLE, V. N. [from fi ride] to 
 ftand or walk with the feet at a wide dritance 
 from each other. 
 
 To STRAGGLE, V. N, [from ftray, of 
 jtrcvaye, Ital.J to go frem the right way ; to 
 rimble or wander. 
 
 STRAIGHT, Ad|. [when thisvvord is 
 oppcfed to crooked, it fnould be written 
 fttc'^ht ; but when oppofed to broad or wide, 
 ftrah] not crooked j narrow not clofe. 
 
 STRAIGHT, Adj. [firax, Dan. fhaci, 
 Bclg.] immediately J without delay. 
 
 To STRA'IGHTEN, V. A. to redure 
 from a crooked to a right or fhaight 
 line. 
 
 STRAI'GHTNESS, S. the quality of 
 being even or not crooked. 
 
 STRAI'GHTWAYS, Adv. immediately. 
 
 To STRAIN, V. A. [efiratndre, Fr.j to 
 ftjueeze, or force liquor through by fqueez^ 
 ing ; to filter ; to weaken by overftretching; 
 to put to the utmolt ftrenpth ; to pull or 
 force tight ; to conlhain. Neuterly, to m:;ke 
 violent efforts. 
 
 STRAIN, S. a weaknefscaufed by ftretch- 
 ing a hgament too much j flile or manner of 
 ipeaking ; fong or found. 
 
 STRA'INER, S. an inflrument ufed in 
 ckaring liquors from foulnefs. 
 
 STRAIT, Adj. [eftrmt, ¥r. ftrerto, Tta!.] 
 narrow, oppofed to ivlde ; clofe ; intimate ; 
 rigorous; difficult or didrefsfui. 
 
 STRAIT, S. a narrow palTage of the fca, 
 ■whereby two parts of the ocean are united ; 
 diftrefs or difficulty. 
 
 To STRAIT, V. A"^ to reduce to diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 To STRA'ITEN. V. A, to make nar- 
 row ; to contraft ; to make tight ; to deprive 
 of room ; to diftrefs. 
 
 STRA'ITNESS, S. narrownefs ; diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 STRAND, S. [Jtrjud, Sarcftrande, Belg] 
 the land which borders on the fea or a river ; 
 a bank or iliore. 
 
 To STRAND, V. A. to drive or force 
 upon the fhallows or fiiore. 
 
 STRANGE, Adj. [eftran^e, Fr. extraneus, 
 Lat.] w6nderful, becaufe feldom occurring ; 
 odd ; uncommon. 
 
 STRANGE, Interj. ufed as an expreffion 
 of wonder. 
 
 STRA'NGENESS, S. nncommonnefs ; 
 ftiynefs. 
 
 STRA'NGER, S. {etmnger, Fr.] one of 
 another country; one with whom we have 
 no acquaintance. 
 
 To STRANGLE, V. A. [ftrangulo, Lat.] 
 to kill by hindering a perfon from breathing; 
 to hinder from birth er appearance. 
 
 S T R 
 
 _ STRANGLES, S. [it has no fingujar] a 
 difeafe in horfes, attended with a running at 
 the nofe. 
 
 STRANGULA'TION, S. fuffocation ; 
 the aft '»,f ftrangling. 
 
 STRA'N GUK y, S. [//r^r^wnV, Fr. from 
 Cf"}-^ and oi'fov, Gr.] a dilea'e wlierein a 
 perfon is forcibly inclined to make urine, but 
 cannot do it, uulefs drop by drop, and then 
 with great pain. 
 
 STRAP, S. [ftrlfpc, Be!g. fiyaf>pc!, Ttal.] 
 a nartow flip of cloth or leather. Among 
 Surgeons, is a kind of band to (hetch out 
 members in fetting broken or disjointed bones. 
 Among Mariners, is a rope fpliccd about a 
 block, with an eye to faften it. 
 
 STRA'PPING, Adj. of a large bulk or 
 fize, applied to men or women. 
 
 STRAPPA'DO, S. [Ital.] a kind of rack, 
 tlie criminal being drawn up on high, with 
 his arms tied backwards. 
 
 STRA'TA, S. [plural of ftrjfwn, Lat.'] 
 beds or layers of diflfcrent kindsof earth. 
 
 STRA'TA GEM, S, [ ftratagcn:e, Fr.] 
 irparaynua, Gr.] an artifice or trick by 
 which an enemy is deceived in war; a trick 
 by which fome advantage is gained. 
 
 STRA'TIFV, V, A. to range in beds or 
 layers. 
 
 STRATOCRACY, S. [^r^ar:?, and 
 KpaTna, Gr.] military government j a ft ate 
 governed by the army. 
 
 STRA'TTM, S. [Lat.] a bed or layer of 
 different kinds of earth. 
 
 STRAW, S. [ftreow, Sax. //;w, Belg.] 
 the ftalk of corn after it is tluclhed : any 
 thing proverbially worthiefs. 
 
 STK'AWBERRV, S. a well known frmt. 
 STRAY, S. a heaft that has ftrayed or 
 wandered from its pafture or owner. 
 
 To SRAY, V. N. [ftroe, Dan. firev 
 T/wrf, Ital ] to rove without any certain di- 
 reftion : to go out of the way or beyond pro- 
 per bounds. Figuratively, to err. 
 
 STREAK, S. {firia; Sax. f'nke, Bclg. 
 ftriccia,' Ttal.] a line of a colourdiiTeient from 
 thatof the ground. 
 
 To STREAK, V. A. to mark with a 
 line of different colour from that of the 
 ground. 
 
 STRE'AKINESS, S. the quality of being 
 full of lines of different colours. 
 
 STRE'AKY, Adv. abounding with 
 ftreaks. 
 
 STREAM, S. [ftraum, Ifl. ftrc::m, Belg.] 
 running water ; a current j any tiung ifTuing 
 in a line or current from a head. 
 
 To STREAM, V. N. to flow or run like 
 water from a fountain or aperture. 
 
 STRE'AMER, S. the flag or pendant of a 
 Oiip. 
 
 STRFET, S. \ftrat. Sax. firada. Span, 
 and Tt.ll. J a paved way, or v.idc pad.ige be- 
 tween two rowi of houfes; a pubhc w^y cr 
 place. 
 
 3 K a STP^EET-
 
 S T R 
 
 STREE'T-WALKER, S. a proftitutc 
 who walks the ftreets to entice the unwary 
 and lewd. 
 
 S IRENGTH, S. [Sax.] force, vigour, or 
 power of body or mind ; the qiKility of liquors 
 which render them iatoxicatingj fupport ; an 
 armament. 
 
 ToSlRE'NGTHEN, V. A. to increafe 
 in ftrength or make (trong ; to fix in refolu- 
 tion. 
 
 STRE'NUOUS, Adj. [ftremw-, Lat.] 
 brave or valiant j zealous or velicment in 
 any caull". 
 
 STRE'I'EROUS, Adj. lioarfe j noifyj 
 javring. 
 
 STERSS. S. S firece, Sax.] importance ; 
 violence ; force ; dependance. To lay ajtnfs 
 riboii, to infill: or rely on. 
 
 To STRETCH, V. A, \ ftncan. Sax. 
 ftreckeii, Belg.] to fpread out lengthwii'e with 
 force ; to ftrain to the utmoll. Neuterly, to 
 I)e extended j to bear beinu extended without 
 breaking ; to go beyond the truth. 
 
 STRETCH, S. cxtenfion, or the ftate of 
 occupying more fpace ; etfoi t ; ftniggle j the 
 utmolt extent or l.uilude of meaning; utmofl 
 reach of power. 
 
 STRETCHER, S, any tinng ufed for 
 extcntion. The timber againft which the 
 rower plants his feet. 
 
 To STREW, V. A. [pvet. and part. paff. 
 f:rjzi<i:, oxftrawi:, iiom ft tazv an, Golh.j to 
 fpread by fcattering ; to fcatter looftly. 
 
 STRl'/E, S [Lat.] the fmall channels in 
 the fliel Is of cockles and fcallops. 
 
 STRI'ATED, Adj. formed into channels. 
 STRI'CKLE, or STRI'CKLESS, S. a 
 thing ufed to (Irike the over meafure of 
 corn, &c. 
 
 STRIC r. Adj. [ftrinui, Lat.] rigoroully 
 cxaft, nice, nrfeverc j clofe or tight. 
 
 STRl'C TLY, Adv. feverely ; clofely ; ex- 
 affly. 
 
 STRI'CTNESS, S. carefulnefs, exaclnefs ; 
 feverity. 
 
 STRUCTURE, S. a.fpark from red-hot 
 iron. Figuratively, degree. The bealts 
 " have {omt Jtriclures of ratiocination." 
 STRIDE, S. [j'trade, Sax ] a long flep. 
 To STRIDE, V. N. [preter jh-ode or 
 Jtr'tdy part. pail./'Wi/i/c'n] to walk or pafs with 
 long Heps ; to (land or ride wi.h one leg on 
 each fide of any thing. 
 
 STRI'DENT, Adj. nolfy; gnadiing with 
 the tcith. 
 
 ■ STRI'DULOUS, Adj. cracking or fcre.ik- 
 in^. 
 
 STR.1 FE, S. [ from f:rk-f\ aconteft where- 
 in perfons mutually ftiive to hurt or get the 
 better of each other ; oppofition of nature. 
 
 To STRIKE, V. A. [prefer, firud or 
 (ti-ook, part. pall, ftruck or prickcn ; aJ-iL-.in, 
 Sax.] to hit with violence. To dalh, ufed 
 with on. To ftamp or imprcfs.a refemblance, 
 applied to coining. To contract or lower, ap- 
 
 S T R 
 
 plied to fails, or .lags. To make, applied to 
 bargains. Ufed with out, to produce by a 
 fudden and violent ftroke 5 to bring to light ; 
 to form by a quick effort. Neuterly, to 
 make a blow 5 to clalTi. To a<ft upon by a 
 blow, or found by the hammer, applied to 
 clocks. To force its way with a quick and 
 fudden effort, loftrike in with, to conform, 
 or comply. 
 
 STRIKE, S. a buflieL 
 
 STRI'KINCi, Part. Adj. affciling ; fur- 
 prizing ; remarkable. 
 
 STRING, S. fSax. ftreng, Teut. and 
 Dan.j a llcnder rope, thiead, or filk j the 
 chord of a mulical inflrunr.ent ; a'nerve ; a 
 fet of things fixed on a line ; a feries of pro- 
 portions or arguments. To La-ve tivojtrings 
 to ones boiv, is to have two views or expe- 
 dients, or to have a double advantage or fe- 
 curity. 
 
 To STRING, V. A. [preter and part, 
 pafl. J!ru7ig\ to furnifh with ftrings; to file 
 on or pierce through with a firing ; to ftrctch 
 or make tight. 
 
 STRI'N GENT, Adj. contraaing ; bind- 
 ing. 
 
 STRINCI'NESS, S. the quality of being 
 full of firings or threads. 
 
 To STRIP, V. A. [ftreopen, Bdg. he- 
 jttii>tc. Sax. J to make naked ; to deprive of 
 drcfs or covering ; to deprive ; to rob, 
 
 S i'RIP, S. a narrow llircd. 
 
 STRIPE, S. ijtrcpe, Belg.]a line of a 
 different colour from the pround ; a flired of 
 a different colour ; a mark made in tke (kin 
 by a blow ; a blow or lalli. 
 
 To STRIPE, V. A. \ fftpen, Belg.] to 
 variegate with different colours, 
 
 STRl'PLING, S. a young perfon j a 
 youth. 
 
 To STRIVE, V. N. [preter. ftrove, part. 
 pafT j?»;T'f^ ; jtreven, Belg. eftrivfr, Fr.] Jo 
 1 '^''^Sg'Sj or to make a forcible effort ; to 
 j tlrugglc or contend in oppofition to another; 
 I to vie with or contend in excellence. 
 I STROKE, 5. [from I trcok, preter of ftnke] 
 a blow ; a fiuiden af\ of ons body upon an- 
 other ; a fudden difcafc ; the touch of a pcn- 
 I cil; an etY^Ct fuddcnly produced ; a maflerly 
 I effoit ; power ; a gentle Inioothingor rubbing 
 j of tiic hand. 
 
 1 To STROKE, V. A. [ ftracan. Sax.] to 
 I rub ger.tiy one way with the hand by way of 
 j kindnefs. 
 
 i To STROLL, V. N. to rove about like a 
 j vagabond. 
 
 STRONG, Adj. \ prMg, Sax.] having 
 
 I great Ilrength of body or mind ; fortified 5 
 
 , able to mcke a long ans vigorous refinance ; 
 
 healthy : afting forcibly on the mmd ; zealous ; 
 
 .having any quality in a great degree. Intox- 
 
 icating, r.polisd tr> liquors. Deep, applied to 
 
 I colour. Hard of digeftion, or high feafoned, 
 
 applied to food. Not ealily conquered, ap- 
 
 ' plied to habits. Firm ornoteafily broken, 
 
 STRO'NGLY,
 
 S T U 
 
 STRONGLY, Adv. luftily ; ftoutly ; for- 
 :!l)Iy. 
 
 S rRO'PHK, S. [Gi:] the firfl of the three 
 divilions of" a Greek lyric poem. 
 
 SXaU'CrURE, S, [Fr.frrnCIura, Lat.] 
 the art of I)uilJing ; the manner in which 
 the parts of any building or macliine are 
 joined togetliei- ; a building. 
 
 To STRU'GGLE, V, N. [the ctimology 
 uncertain] to ftiive hard, or make fhong 
 efforts to perforin a thing ; to contend or 
 make a ftrong oppofition ugaind; to be in 
 agonies or diftiefs. 
 
 STRU'GGLE, S, a violent ttTort made 
 to overcome any difficulty or refiftauce ; an 
 agony. 
 
 STRU'MA, S. [Lat.] a glandular fwell- 
 ing : the king's evil. 
 
 Sl'RU'MOUS, Adj. having a fuelling in 
 the glands. 
 
 STRU'Ml'ET, S. [firofOyoU I\: ftuprum, 
 Lat.] a common proftitute. 
 
 To STRUT, V. N. \ ftn>£hi, Tcut.] to 
 walk vvitli sn air of pride and dignity j to 
 Iwell with fomcthing contained. 
 
 STRUT, S. a gait or walk of aifefted 
 grandeur. 
 
 STUB, S. \pL, Sax. fiMe, Dan. flub, 
 Be\g. frlfes, Lat.l a thick fhort (lock of a 
 iwe i a o^ or b'ccc. 
 
 To STUB, V. A. to root u^i ; to extir 
 pate. 
 
 STU'BBLE, S. {eftcul/e, Yr.ftffcl, Belg. 
 ftipula, Lat. I the ihort ftraw left after the 
 corn is reaped. 
 
 STLJ'BBORN, Adj. [invn ftub and born] 
 obfUn.ite, or not to be moved l.y threats or 
 perfualions; hardy; ralh ; fti.'f; generally 
 including theid^a ot foinething bad. 
 
 STU'BBORNLY, Adv. obrtinately ; in- 
 flexibly. 
 
 STU'BBORNNESS, S. obftinatenefs; per- 
 verfencfs. 
 
 STU'CCO, S. [Ital. ftuc, Fr.] a kind of 
 fineplarter ufed in a celling or wall. 
 
 STUD, S. [ ftudu, Sax.j a poll or ftake j 
 a knob or other ornamental protuberance ; an 
 ornamental faflening worn in the wriftband 
 of a fliirt ; a coliedion of breeding horfcs and 
 mares, from ftade, 111. a Rallion. 
 
 To STUD, V. N. to adorn v.ich Ihining 
 knobs. 
 
 STU'DENT, S. [ftudcns, Lat.] a peifon 
 given to books. In the univerlity of Oxford, 
 an exhibitioner, or flholar on the foundation 
 of Chrift-church. 
 
 STUDIED, Adj. lenrned ; produced by 
 meditation or deep thinking. 
 
 STU'DIOUS, Adj [ftudienx, ¥r.ftudkf:^s, 
 Lat.] much given to ftudy j earneft for j re- 
 gardful. 
 
 STU'DIOUSLY, Adv. diligently; care- 
 fully. 
 
 SfU'DIOUSNESS, S. thcj^juality of be- 
 irig much addicled to fludy. 
 
 S T U 
 
 STU'DY, S. [epdo, Fr.ftt.diu;!:,'Lst.'] an 
 in tenfe application of the mind to books or me- 
 ditation ; learning acquired by books; an apart- 
 ment fet apart for reading and nieditaling. 
 
 To STU'DY, V. N. [fnuicv, Lat.J to 
 think upon with intenfe application, or to en- 
 deavour diligently. Actively, to apply the 
 mind to with intdnfe thought, or to confidcr 
 v.irh attention. 
 
 STUFF, S. [pffe, Belg. f/r#, Fr.] any 
 matter or body ; materials or wliicli any 
 thing is compotcd j furniture ; any mixture 
 or medicine ; clotji or mixture of any kind, 
 tiptcialiy that of the woollen fort. A nialter 
 or thing, u(ed only in contempt. 
 
 To STUFF, V. A. to fill or cram very 
 full; to till fo as to occafion uncalincfs; to 
 fill or cram mc;it with fcafoning. 
 
 STU'FFING, S. that by wh:ch any thing 
 is filled ; high feafoncd ingredients which are 
 forced into meat. 
 
 STLKE or STUCK, S. f^ee Srucco] a 
 fine nlafler made of lime and marble finely 
 powdered, with which walls are covered, and 
 wrougiu in figures refemhling c;;rvings. 
 
 S'l ULl ILO'QITENCE, S. [jtukUo<juentia, 
 Lat.] idle and foolilh talk. 
 
 STUM, S. [Swed. perhaps corrupted 
 from wiij:uvt, Lat.] wine not fermented j 
 new wine. 
 
 To STU'MBLE, V. N. Tpei'iaps from 
 TumbL] to trip in walking. Figuratively, to 
 Hip or err; to rtrike againft, or light on by 
 chance, ufed with o?;. Actively, to obftrurt, 
 or olTlnd. 
 
 STU'MBLE, S. a trip in walking; a blun- 
 der or error in judgment. 
 
 STUMP, S. [ftumpcr, Dan. ftO);:fie, Eelg.] 
 a fmall part of a tree remainingin the ground 
 after the trunk and branches are loppedaway; 
 a part of a tooth remaining in the gums after 
 the other part is broken off. 
 
 To STUMP, V. A. to cut off a flump ; 
 to brag or boaft. 
 
 To STUN, V. N. [ftuna,,, Sax. geftan, 
 Belg.] to confound or impair hearing with 
 an exceeding loud noife; to make a perfon 
 fenfelefs or dizzy by a blow on the head. 
 
 To STUN r, V. A. [fturjta, llLJ to hinder 
 from growth. 
 
 STUFF., S. \ft„/:a, Lat.] cloth, linen, or 
 fiax, dipped in warm medicated liijuors and 
 applied to a hurt or wound. 
 
 To STUPE, V. A. to foment, or apply 
 warm flannels dipped in medicated liquors to 
 a hurt. 
 
 STUPEFA'CTION, S. [ Fr. fiupefaffio, 
 Lat.] a fbte of mind wherein a perfon is 
 infenfible to threats or perfuafions, and fcems 
 to have loft every fign of contrivance or at- 
 tention. 
 
 STUPEF ACTIVE, Adj. caufing infenfi- 
 bility or duUnefs. 
 
 stUPE'NDOUS, Adj. prodigious ; won- 
 deiful ; aftonilhing. 
 ! 3 ^-^ 3 ST U'P ID,
 
 SUB 
 
 STUri'D, Adj. [fiuphif, Fr. ftupldui, 
 Lat.J wr.niing lenfibility, apprehenfion, or 
 underfl£nJing. -, , , r 
 
 STU'P)D1TY,S. [ftup'diii-',V\\] dulnefs, 
 fcnfclcfir.c.Si \v.;nt ot coniprehcnlion. 
 
 To SVL"?H-Y, V. A. f//.v;c/^do, Lat.] 
 to deprive of fenlibility, fugadty, or adi- 
 
 S TUTOR, S. [ftupcur,Yr.\ a deprivation 
 of all the fenfes ; lieavinefs , nambnels. 
 
 STUPRA'TION, S. the aft of dcflowcr- 
 iii'^ a woman ; ;- ivipe. 
 
 "S TU'RDiLY, Adv. ftoutly, bhintly, ob- 
 ftinately. 
 
 SrU'RDINESS, S. great ftrength, ftout- 
 nefs, obftinacv. 
 
 STU'RDY, Adj. {ejiourdl, Fr. ] hardy; 
 ftout : able to hear great toll, and to make a 
 vigurous reli'.Unce. 
 
 STU'RfiEON, S. a filli. 
 
 SUB 
 
 SUBA'LTERN, Adj. placed utidcr an- 
 other ; fucceeding by rurns. 
 - SUBA't;VLrANliOUS, Adj. living under 
 the water. 
 
 SU'BCHANTOR, S. an uhder cliantor : 
 an officer who officiates for a chantor in his' 
 abfence. 
 
 SUBCONSTR'LLATION, S. in Attro- 
 nomy, a leiier conftellation. 
 
 SUBCUl A'NhlOUS, Adj. lying under the 
 (kin. 
 
 SU'B-D"AN, S. a dignified clergyman 
 next to the de:tn. 
 
 To SUT.DELEG ATE, V. A. to fubftitute 
 or appoint. 
 
 SUBDETI'TIOUS, Adj [fubdetUlui, Lat.] 
 foiilcd ; forgtJ. 
 
 To.SU'BDIVIDE, V.A. ^ Jukdi'vljer, Fr.] 
 to divide a part into Hill lefTcr parts. 
 
 SU'BDOLOU^. Adj. [fubdclus, Lat.] 
 
 STURK, S. r I'tyyc, Sax.l a young ox or | Uibtle •, crafty ; dcceirful. 
 
 j^eifer. To SL'BDL'CE, V. A. to fubtraft ; to 
 
 To STUT, or STUTTER, V. N. [ftut- inveigle ; to Icdiicc. 
 
 ten, Belg.] to Ipeak with he!":tition, diSjulty, To SU'BDUCT, V. A. [Jvlduaum, Lat.] 
 
 or freqiTcnt repetition of the fame fyllable or to withdraw or take aw.'.y. 
 
 letter of a woi J. SUBJU'CTION, S. an abatement, fub- 
 
 S rY, S. [ /f'V, Sax. f)'. Brit.] a fmall in- traftion, or privately taking away. 
 
 clofurc in wiiich hogs aic kept. To SUBDU'E, V. A. [fuido, Lat,] to 
 
 STY'GIAN, Adj. belonging to the river cruth, overpower, or conquer 
 
 Styx ; infernal ; hcllifh 
 
 STYLE, S. [ftylus, Lat.] a manner of 
 writing, fpeaking, or compofmg ; a pointed 
 iron ufed anciently in writing on tables of 
 wax. In Botany, the pointed ftalk which 
 rifes from amidftthe leaves of flowers. 
 
 To STY'LE, V. A. to call, term, or 
 name. 
 
 STYPTI'C, Adj. rufuitly written //■;/';<: ; 
 from ;-t.nliy.^;,GT.] aflringeHt, peculiarly ap- 
 plied to fuch medicines as Hop bleeding. 
 S 1 YX, S a poifonoiis fountain of Area 
 
 STj'BDU ER, S. a conqueror j one that re- 
 duces or bring; under. 
 
 SU3FU'AlIGATTONr,S. a ceremony ufed 
 by forcerers to drive away evil Cpu'its by 
 burning incenfe. 
 . SUBJA'C&NT, Adj. lying imder. 
 
 To SUBJE'CT, V. A. [juhjif}vi, Lat.} 
 to put under ; to reduce to fubmifTion ; 
 to make liable or obnoxious ; to make fub- 
 ; lervient. 
 
 I SL'BJECr, Adj. [fuijeffus, Lat.] placed, 
 fituateJ, living or I'crving under; liable or ob- 
 
 Jia, by the poets feigned to be a river of hell, noxious ; that on whicil any aftion or 
 liy which the gods fvvore, and if any one | thought is exercifcd. 
 
 broke his oath, or Uvore falfely, he was b.i- | SU'CJECT, S. f fujet, Fr.] one who lives 
 niilicd from heaven and deprived of neft.ir under the dominion of another ; that on 
 for ICO \cars. i which any aftion or thought is employed; 
 
 SLIA'SIVI'L. Adj. [fuafttm, Lat.] having I that in which any thing inheres. 
 the p5wer to pcrfuade. I SU'BJECTION, S. { fujuttion, Fr.] obe- 
 
 SUA'SGRY, Adj. liaving a tendency to dience to a fiiperior ; dependence; flavery ; 
 pcrl'ujde. obligation ; neceffity. 
 
 SU.'^.'VITY, S. [ ///^-wV, Fr.] fwcetnefs ; 
 plciifantucfs. 
 
 SUB, in compofition, is borrowed from 
 the Latin, and implies a fmall degree ; or in- 
 ferior. 
 
 SUB A^C riON, S. the aft of fobduing or 
 bringing under. 
 
 To SUB VGITATE, V. A. [f:,hghatuin, 
 Lat.] to fo!l;c:: ; to have commerce with a 
 woman. 
 
 SUBA'LPINE, Adj. [ful> x^lpims, Lat.] 
 
 SUBJE'CTIVE, Adj. relating not to the 
 objeftbut the fubjeft, 
 
 To SUBJOl'N, V. A. to add at the end ; 
 to annex. 
 
 SUBITA'NEOUS, Adj. fudden; hafty. 
 
 To SU'BjUGATE, V. A. [fuhjuget:r,YT. 
 fubjugatum, Lat. j to bring under the yoke j 
 to fubdue. 
 
 SUBJUGA'TION, S.the aft of fubduing, 
 or reducing to a fti.te of flavery. 
 
 SUBJU'NCTIVE, [jubjcnam, Fr.fubjunc- 
 
 I'ving or growing near the mountains called /.••zr<i, Lat.] fubjoined or added to fomething 
 
 the Alps 
 
 Sl'BA'LTERN, S 
 inferior. 
 
 iell'e. In Grammar, a mood wherein thefig- 
 nihcation of a verb is rclatlveto that offonif 
 o'.hti which goes before it. 
 ) SUBLA'i?-
 
 SUB 
 
 SUBLA'PSARY, Adj. [fui and /a/^fus, 
 Lat. I done a.'rer ilie fall of man. 
 
 SUnLA'IiON, S. the aft of taking 
 away. 
 
 SUBLAXA'TIO^J, S. in Anatomy, an 
 imperf -ft diflocatior. 
 
 To SU'BLRVATF, V. A. [fublevatum, 
 Lat 1 to raife, (iiccour, or cafe. 
 
 SUBLEVATIOW, S. tlic aft of alUaing, 
 cafing, or lifting up 
 
 SUB 
 
 ToSUBO'RN, V. A. [fubomeriTt. fub- 
 orno, Lat. J to produce privately, by fecrct 
 fraud, or by filent and indirect means. 
 
 SUi50RlSrA'TION% S. the aft of procur- 
 ing a pcrfon to give falfc evidence, or do a bad 
 adtion. 
 
 SUBPOE'NA. S. {jub and fcsna, Lat.] 
 a writ commanding a perfon's appearance in 
 a court under a penalty. 
 
 To SL'BPOE'NA, V. A. to fummon a 
 
 ToSU'BLTMATE, V. A. \Juhtmh, Lat.] i pcrfon to apear before a court, 
 in Chemiflry, to raifc by the force of fire! SU'B-READER, S. an under render in 
 Figuratively, to exalt or elevate. j tlie inns of court, who reads the texts 
 
 SU'BLIM.^TE, S. any thing raifed by fire i of liw the reader is to lefturc upon, and 
 in a retort. Quickfilver raifed in the re- ailiftshim. 
 tort. SUBREP'TITIOUS, Adj. See Sump- 
 
 SURLIMA'TION, S. in chemiftry, the Uviwi. 
 
 diftillation of folid fubn.inces only 
 
 SUBLI'ME, Adj. [Fr./Mimis, Lat.] high 
 
 in place, excellence, or nature j elevated in 
 
 thought or (lyle. 
 SUliLI'ME, S. [Fr.j a grand or lofty ftyle, 
 
 arifnig from noblcnefs of thought, m;tgnifi- 
 
 I'cnce of words, and the harmonious lively 
 
 iLirn of the phrafe. 
 
 SUBRTGU'OUS, Adj. wet ; moift 5 wa- 
 tery underneath. 
 
 SUBRl'SION, S. the aft of fmiling. 
 
 To SU'BROGATE, V. A. [fuh-.z^nitn, 
 Lat.] to fubftitute, or put in the plac- of 
 another. 
 
 To SUB^CR^BE, V. A. [fubfcrito, Lat.] 
 to give confcnt to or atteft by writing one's 
 
 To SUBLIME, V. A. [fublimcr, Fr.] to ; nimc. Neuterly, to give confent ; to promife ; 
 
 jaife by a chemical fire ; to raifc on high ; to 
 c:';alt, l-,cighten,or improve. 
 
 SUBLl'MITY, S. [fublimhe, Fr. fubli- 
 
 to promote an undertaking by paying in a 
 certain fum of monev. 
 
 SUT.SCRll'TION, S. the aft of attefling 
 
 Pitt.is, Lat.] height of place, thought, or i a writing by figning one's name ; the undei- 
 i'tyje. I taking to advance the government money 
 
 SUBLU'NARY, Adj. [fublunahe, Fr. /k/^ ' up.on certain conditions, or giving money to 
 and /;/'ia, Lat.] under the moon. icliaritjblc ufes. 
 
 To SUBiV!t'RG£, V. A. \ jubmcrger, Fr. i SU'BSF.QLIENT, Adj.fFr./w^/e^ww, Lat] 
 
 Juhmeigere, Lat.] to put or plunge under wa- 
 ter ; to drown. 
 
 SUBME'RSION, S. the aft of plunging or 
 dipping under water ; finking 5 drowning. 
 
 SUBMI'SS, Adj. [fubmifus, Lat.] humble, 
 or confefling inferiority. 
 
 SUBM1'.^SI0N, S. [Fr. fubrn'-Jfio, Lat.] 
 
 foll.n\ing in orderof time or plicc. 
 
 To SU'B'sE'RVE, V. A. [fubfer-vh, Lat.] 
 to ferve in a fubordinate or inftrumental 
 manner. 
 
 SU'BSERVIENCY, S. fubjefl to the con. 
 troul or command of another. 
 
 SU'BSERVIENr, Adj. { fubfir-vlens, Lat.] 
 
 furrender j acknowledgment of inferiority, adilHng to the accompiilhment of a purpofe 
 guiltinefs, error, or power to command. or defign. 
 
 SUBMl'SSIVE, Adj. humble ; meek ; re- j To SUBSI'DE, V. N. [fibJIJo, Lat.] to 
 fpcftful. I fink down towards the bottom. 
 
 To SUBMIT, V. A. [fubrKhto, L^t.] to] SU'BSIDIARY, Adj. [fub/dlari us, Lat.] 
 let down or fink ; to acknowledge, or refign helping; aiding ; afTiding. 
 one's felf to the authority, commands, di-, i,V'ESlDY,S.[ fubjid/, Fr.fubjidium, Lit.] 
 reftion, or judgment of another. Neuterly, ' r,n aid given in money towards carrying on 
 to be fubjeft to as an inferior. I the public affairs of a nation. 
 
 SUBMU'LTIPLE, S. Afubmultip/e nam-] To SUBSI'ST, V. A. [ fubJlflo,'L&t. fuk- 
 ber or quantity, is that which is contained in yp.firr. Fr.] to continue or retain the prefent 
 another number, a certain number of times ■ (tate, nature, or properties ; to have means of 
 exadly : thus 5 is fubmultifk of 30. j livin'j or maintenance ; to inherit. 
 
 To SUBNE'RVATE, V. A. to cut the| SUBSl'STENCE, S. \ fubfiftance, Fr.] 
 
 real being ; competency or fufficiency to fup- 
 
 finews of the leg ; to hamftring. 
 
 SUBO'RDINATE, Adj. [tub and cr^!>;.7-j port life. 
 tus, Lat. J inferior in order, in nature, in dig- 1 SU'BSTANCE 
 iiMy> or power; dcfcending in a regular feries 
 or gi'adation. 
 
 To SUBO'RDINATE, V. A. [Jtibordor.nn; 
 Fr.] to range or place under another. 
 
 SUBORDINATION, S. (Fr.l depen 
 
 S. r ¥r. fubjiantia, Lat.] 
 being ; fomething v.hich has exiltence, and 
 fi'.pports accidents : the efier.tial part. Some- 
 thing real, oppofed to imaginary. Body; 
 wcalih. 
 
 SUBSTA'NTIAL, Adj.' { fubftantblh^ 
 
 dence of perfons or things with rcfpeft to each iLat.] real ; true ; folid j material ^ ftrong j 
 
 ether. 
 
 iwcakhy. 
 
 3 K4 
 
 SU'ESTAN-
 
 SUB 
 
 S U C 
 
 SU'BSTANTIVF., S. { fubftamive, Vt.\ SUBTRA'HF,ND,S. [ fubtrahenti'.M, Lot.] 
 fubftsr.ti'vuw, Lat.] a n.->\in or wnr.l applif.dl in Aritlmietic, the lefs number, whcih is to 
 to ijgnify any lhini>, that ib tlie oiijccl ot our be taken mi': of the greater, 
 fenfcsorimagin.ition. ftiippcdof 'usqiialitits, SUBVEN TA'NEOUS, Adj. ^addled; 
 and miikin'! lenfe when joined with a verb or windy, 
 adjeftive. | To SURVE'R>F, V. A. r fubwrfus, Lat.] 
 
 SU'BSTANTIVE, A.ij. folid; hetokeningj to overturn, dorK^iiih, or deftroy. 
 g^iftence. 1 SUBVF,'RS[OM, S. [Fr.] the ,-ft of over- 
 
 To SU'BSTITUTE, V. A. f p/L-fiifuer, Fr. j throwing; t!-.e ftatc of a thing ruined, over- 
 fuh'''itu'::s L.!t.'i to W. iiiltead, or in thej thrown, or dcfrroyed. 
 pl/c'e of, another. I To SUBVE'RT, V. A. [ fub-veito,!^^^} 
 
 SU'BSTITUTE, S. [j~://>ft:t:tt, Fr.] one to overthrow, overturn, deftroy, or turn up- 
 pLccd and aiTlinii inftcad of another. fide down ; tocoirupt er confound. 
 
 To SUCSTRA'CT, or SUB TRA'CT, 
 V. A. to take away a part from the \A/hoIt-. 
 In Arithmatir, the rule of finding the diff -r- 
 cnce between two numbers by takin^r away 
 the ids from the greater, and fetting down 
 what remains. 
 
 SUBSTRU'CTION, S. the aft of laying 
 the foundation of a hoiifc, 
 
 SVBSU'LTlVE.or SL'BSU'LTORY,Adj. 
 leaping ; bounding. 
 
 To SUBTE'ND, V. A. [from fui and 
 teado, Lat ] to extend under. 
 
 SU'BTER, borrowed from the Latin, fig 
 nifies, in compofjtion, utrjir. 
 
 SUBTERFLU'C-U.S, Adj. running or Row- 
 ing under. 
 
 SU'BTERFUG!^, S. \ ful'ter and///^/o, 
 "Lit. fuU:rfuic, Fr.J a lliift, cvafion, or trick, 
 by which a perfon endeavours to extricate 
 hin-i'llFfrom a difficulty. 
 
 SUBTF-RRANEAN, or SUBTERRA- 
 NEOUS. Atj. [ful'h-rra, Lit.junJer-ground,- 
 unr'i'r tlie furi'.ice of the tartii. 
 
 SUB TJ LE, Adi. [ foiiictinies written fultle, 
 
 SU'BURB, S. \ fuhuroium, Lat. J a col- 
 lection of buildings without ihe walls of a 
 city. 
 
 SUBURRA'XTTY.S. \ JuburbaAtas, Lat.] 
 thenii^ii'eurhood of them that dwell with- 
 out a city. 
 
 ] SLBL"RBL\N, S. [ fuburlanui, Lat.] one 
 that live? in the fuburbs. 
 
 SUBL"R.ELAN, Adj. belonging to the 
 fuburbs. 
 
 1 SU'BUrERES, S. [of fub and uber, Lat.] 
 i fuckint; infants. 
 
 SUCC:-DA'NEOU3, Adj. [fuccedantus, 
 Lat. I fiipplving the place of fomething elfc. 
 
 SUrCKDA'NEUM S. [Lat.J that which 
 is put to fcrve in place of fomething elfc. 
 
 SUCO'EDF.NT, Adj. [jucadais, Lat.] 
 fucccedirg; foliov^ino ai'ter. 
 
 To SUCCt'ED, V. N. [ fucceJei; Yr.Juc 
 cedo, Lat. | re fol! ;w after or in order ; to 
 come in the pkce of one who is dead or has 
 quitted ; to fall out according to one's wifh. 
 Aftivelvj to follow after ; to profper, or make 
 a thing terminate according to a perfon's 
 
 and pionoLinc-jd fut:U; fiilitik, Fr.] thin 5) will). 
 
 nice ; fine ; piercing ; cunning ; fly; deceit- SUCCF'SS, S. [ fucces, Fr. fucce£'us, Lat.] 
 
 fu!;refii)ed, or fo .u'lite ■ls hardly to be com a profperous event, wlien ufed witjiout an 
 
 preliended. Whea it fijMiifics cunning or 
 crafty, it is geneiaily fpelt fuhtlc. 
 
 SU'B TILLY, Adv. 'craltily ; cun- 
 rinclv. 
 
 SU'BTILTY, S. \ fubtih/, Fr.l firm- 
 nel's ; the quality cf being much r.;rificd, or 
 confifting of very imai! and penetrating 
 p.rticles ; nicity 
 
 epithet. The termination of an affair whe- 
 ther happily or unhappily. 
 
 .SUCCESSFUL, Adj. fortunate; lucky. 
 
 SUCCE'SSFULLY, Adv. fortunately 5 
 luckily. 
 
 SUCCE'SSFULNESS, S. the quality of 
 being fortunate or profperous in an under- 
 
 lefjneincnt to excei's j} taking, 
 cunning. j SUCCE'SSION, S. [Fr. Jucceffio, Lat.] a 
 
 SUBTILIZA'TION", S. [Fr] the aft of fevies or order in which one perlon or thing 
 ra ifymg or nidkin^ thin. follows another. 
 
 To SUBTILIZE. V.N. [ fuh:';fer.Yr.]\ SUCCESSIVE. My \ fuccejfif, Fr.] fol- 
 to rarity, or make tiiin ; to refine or fpin I lowing in order immediately after another 
 into nfil'.fi niceties; to tieat v.ith too niucii j perfon or thin(». 
 j-ctineme-it. S\5'CCE^i>6\K,^. [Jucceffeur,Yr. Jucceffor, 
 
 SUBTLE, [See Suonk] fly; artful or j Lat. the word is fometinies accented on the 
 cuntiing. _ I t'econd All jble. thus, y«rf£^or J one that im- 
 
 SUB rLE'TY, S. cunning ; craftinefs 3 1 mediately follows another in any pofleffion or 
 quicknefs of wit. poft. 
 
 SUSTLE'LY, Adv. cunningly 5 artfully;] SlJCCrNT, Adj. [Fr. >fa«<^;^j, Lat.] 
 
 flvlv. 
 ' To SUBTRA'CT, V. A See SubftraSi. 
 SUBTRA'CTION, S. in Arithmetic, a 
 vnie by which a Icfs fum is taken from a 
 gieatpr, to find the remainder. 
 
 in its primary fenfe, tucked or girded up ; 
 having the cloalhs drawn and faftened up to 
 difengage the legs. Figuratively, fliort, or 
 concife, applied to narratives. 
 SUCCI'NCJLY, Adv. briefly ; concifely. 
 ;;UCCI'NCTf
 
 SUE 
 
 SUCCI'NCTNESS, S. briefnefs ; com- 
 prthenlivcnci's ; concirenefs. 
 
 ToSL'CCOUR, V. A. [Juccurro, Lat.] 
 to litlp, relieve, or alTift in clanger, difficulty, 
 or diftrefs. 
 
 SU'CCOUR, S. [fccccun, Fr.l aid or re- 
 lief afforded in difficulty or diftrcfs ; the psr- 
 fon who aids or relieves another in diftrefs. 
 
 SU'CCUliUS, S, a devil or demon fup- 
 pofed to aflume a female Ihape to lie with a 
 man. 
 
 SU'CCULENT, Adj. \Yt. fuccukntus, 
 Lat.] moid; abounding in juice. 
 
 To SUCCUMB, V. A. [ [uccombre, Fr. 
 fuccumhere Lat.] to fall down, fink, or fall 
 under ; to yield. 
 
 SUCCUSSA'TION, S. \ fuca/Jatus, Lat.] 
 a trot. 
 
 SUCCU'SSION, S. [fuccuJf:o, Lat.] the 
 aft of (baking or jolting ; a jolt or fhake 
 given by a carriage. In Medicine, a fhaking 
 of the nerves procured by flrong (limulating 
 and nernutatoty medicines. 
 
 SUCH, Pron. [ fulkiks, Goth, fu/k, Bel-. 
 hoik. Sax.] when anfwered by as, like or of 
 the fame kind. When ufed without as, of 
 the fame nature with that which is men- 
 tioned in the fentence before j particular or 
 certain. 
 
 To SUCK, V. A. [fucan, S3X. fuSJus, 
 "Lit, fuccer, Fr.] to draw Ijy ratifying the 
 air ; to draw in by the mouth ; to draw milk 
 from the bread by the mouth. 
 
 SUCK, S. the aft of fucking ; milk 
 given by females from the brealt. 
 
 SU'CKER, S. any thing that drav*s by 
 ratifying the air ; the embolus of a pump : 
 a young twig ft.ooting from the flock, fo 
 called from the fuppofition of its depriving 
 the trunk of its moiflure. 
 
 To SU'CKLE, V. A. to bring up a child 
 by milk fucked from the brcaft. 
 
 SU'CTION, S. [fuccion, Fr.] the aft of 
 fucking. 
 
 SU'DATORY, S. [fuda/us, Lat.] a hot- 
 houfe orfweating bath. 
 
 SU'DDEN, Adj. [facn, Sax. foudain,Tr.] 
 happening without any expeftation or notice 
 given beforehand. On or o/'a/!/^ri'<,-/r, is fopner 
 than was expefted, or without any notice be- 
 forehand. 
 
 SUDDE'NLY, Adv. hnftily ; quickly. 
 
 SUDDE'NNPISS, S. quicknefs ; h.-.llinefs. 
 
 SUDORl'FIC, Adj. [fudorijique, Fr.j pro- 
 voking or caulmg fweat. 
 
 SUDOR I'FICS, S. [fudonfica, Lat.] me- 
 dicines that caufe fweating. See Diafborttlcs 
 and Hydrotks- 
 
 SUDS, S, [it has no lingular ; frrtm feo- 
 tlans. Sax.] water in which foap is diflblved. 
 To he in the juds, is to be involved in fomc 
 ditliculty. 
 
 To SUE, V. A. [ful-urer, Fr.j to profe- 
 cute by law ; to beg or entreat with huniilityi 
 ?n,l ejrneftnefs. 
 
 S U F 
 
 SU'ET, S. [old Fr.] hard fat, particularlf 
 chr!» about the kidnies. 
 
 To SU FFER, V. A. [ fuffeio, tat.fouf- 
 frirc, Fr.] to bear or undergo with a fenfe of 
 piin ; to endure without refinance or finking 
 under ; to allow or permit without --efufalof 
 relidance ; to pafs throu^^h, or bealTefted by. 
 Neuterly, to undergo pain, punifhment, in- 
 jury, or inconvenience. 
 
 SU'FFERABLE, Adj. fuch as may be 
 endured, or permitted. 
 
 SU'FFERANCE. S. [fi,<f ranee, Fr.] pa- 
 tience or moderation ; pcrmiflion or allow- 
 ance without refifiance. 
 
 SU'FFERING, S. pain endured. 
 
 To SUFFl'CE, V. N. [fufficio, Lat.] to be 
 enough, or equal to the end or purpofe. Ac- 
 tively, to afford fupply enough j to fatisfy. 
 
 SUFfrcIENCY, S. O^aVr^Lat.J the 
 f}ate of being equal or adequate to the end 
 propofed ; a qualification ; fupply equal to 
 want, or competence. 
 
 SUFFICIENT, Adj. enough; able; ca- 
 pa!)le. 
 
 SU'FFICIENTLY, Adv. fully j fatis- 
 faftorily. 
 
 To SUFFLA'TE, V. A. [fufflatum, Lat.] 
 to puff or blow up. 
 
 SUFFLA'TION, S. the aft of blowing 
 up with wind; fwclling. 
 
 To SU'FFOCATE, V. A. \J,ffocatus, 
 i.at.fi'ffojiuer, Fr.j to choak for want~of vent 
 or air. 
 
 SUFFOCATION, S. a f>oppage of the 
 breath ; fmothering j choaking for want of 
 o'w. 
 
 SUFFOLK, or SOUTHFOLK, as the 
 Saxons wrote it, denoting the fouthern peo- 
 ple, in contradiftinftion from Northfolk, or 
 the people :n the county N. of it, now called 
 Norfolk, is a maritime Ibire, having the 
 German ocean on the Z. bounded by Cam- 
 bridgefhire on the W the river Sto^r on the 
 S. which divides it from EfR-x; and the rivers 
 Oufe the Lcfs, and \Vaveney,on the N. fe- 
 parating it from Norfolk. It is about fixty- 
 jtwo miles long, and twenty-eight broad, 
 though by others computed much lefs. It 
 contains about 40 parks, :2 hundreds, 32 
 market-towns, 575 parifhes, and ac6.ooo in- 
 habitants. It is generally dilungiiiffied into 
 two parts, namely the franchife or liberty of 
 I St. Edmun.d, and the Geldable ; the former 
 1 containing the \V. part of the county, and 
 '.he latter the eaflern ; each of which furnilbes 
 A diftinft grand jury at the adizes. The air 
 of Suffolk is very clear and healthy, even neat 
 the fea-coaft, the beach being generally fandy 
 and fhelly. Its foil is of divers qualities : 
 tliat near the (hore is I'andy, and full of 
 heaths ; yet abounding in rye, peafe, and 
 hemp, alio numerous flocks of flieep. Pligh 
 SufTolk, or the woodlands, which is the iii- 
 lard part of the county, though abounding 
 in wood, has a rich deep clay and m>rl, 
 
 yitlJing
 
 S U I 
 
 SUM 
 
 yielding gooi3-paflure-groi!n4s, on which feed i SU'ITER, or SU'lTOR, S, one that 
 
 abundance ot cattle. That p<irt on the con- makes a petition, or courts another. 
 
 fines of Kllcx and Cnmbr%e does alfo aliird SU'L'OATED, Adj. furrowed. 
 
 excellent padure ; and about liury St. Ea- SU'LLEN, Adj. [the etymology uncer- 
 
 inund's, and lb on to the N. and N. W. it is j tain] gloomily angry ; difcontented or foui } 
 
 trulttul in corn, except towards Newmarket, 1 heavy or dull. 
 
 which is moftly heath, or a green Avard. The ( SIVLLENLY, Adv. difcontentedly ; mo- 
 
 iiieding of cattle and Ihecp on turnips is faid jrofely. 
 
 tohave been an improvement firib let on foot SU'LLF.NNESS, S. gloominefs ; morofe- 
 
 in this county. Its principal produce is but- 1 nefs ^ liubhornnels. 
 
 ter and chcefe, the latter of which is fre- | To SU'LLY, V. A. [/o/cV/fr, Fr.] to foil 
 
 ^aently in thif county very much the worieior fpoii the colour with any thing dirty. 
 
 f it the fikc of enriching' the former. lt| SU'LPHUR, S. ( Lat.J brimltone. 
 
 icnds fixteen members to parliament, I'ix. 
 two for the county, and two each furlpfwich, 
 Bunwich, Orford, Aldborough, Sudbury, 
 Eye, and St. Edmundfbury. 
 
 SU'FFRAGAN, S. [Juffragant, Fr.] a 
 
 SULPHUREOUS, or SU'LPHUROUS, 
 Adj. ! fu/phureus, Lat.] containing biimfUne. 
 
 SUi.TAN, S. [Arab.] the Turkilli cin- 
 peror. 
 
 SULTA'NA, or SU'LTANESS, S. the 
 
 bilhop cor.fidcred as fubjcc't to an archbidiop. I queen of an eancrn empeior, 
 
 SU'FFRAGE, S. [¥r. J),jT.a^s:i^m, Lat.J I SU'LTANIS, S. a Turkifti gold chin 
 a vote, or voice given to determine a Cftutro- worth about eight (liillings Englilh. 
 
 verfy. 
 
 To SUFFU'MIGATF, V. A. [Juffumiga- 
 tum, Lat, j to fmoke underneath. 
 
 SUFFUAIIGA'TION, S. a fmoaking or 
 fuming uriderneaih. In Phyfic, the convey- 
 i)ig into the body the fmoke of a dccoclion of 
 roots, herbs, flowers, &c. for nifeafes of the 
 bowels, fundament, or womb. 
 
 To SUFFU'SE, V. A. [fuffvfus, Lat.J to 
 fpread over with fome fluid oi cxpanfive body. 
 
 SU'LTRIKESS, S. excclTlve heat. 
 
 SU'LTRY, Adj. hot and clofe without 
 any cuncnt of wind. 
 
 Si.iVI, S. [ f:;n:mj, Lat. fo»:tre, Fr.] the 
 whole of any thing; a quantity of money; 
 an abridgment or abllraift of the whole ; the 
 amount or rcfult of any reafouing or calcula- 
 tion ; the height. 
 
 To 'i'UM, V. A, [Jommer, Fr ] to com- 
 pute or coUcift p:n-;iculars into a total, tiled 
 with up\ to comprize or colledt in a narrow 
 In Falconry, to have feathers full 
 
 fuch a"; a v:.pour or tincture. 
 
 SUFFU'SION, S. the aft of pouring jcompafs, 
 or fpreading upon ; a f'preading of humovirs grown. 
 in the body; a difeafe in the eye called a SU'MLESS, Adj. not to be computed. 
 ' web. .^.U'MMARILY, Adv. briefly ; concifcjy 
 
 SU'GAR, S. [ /two;/-, Br. facrann, Arab. 
 can^af, Gr. j'iiccarum, Lat.J the luitive fjlt 
 of me fugar cane made by exprefTion and 
 evapoiatioi! ; any thing proverbially fwect ; a 
 chemical diy ciirylialliaation. 
 
 To SU'GAR, V. A. to fwecten with 
 fugar. 
 
 To SUGG'EST, V. A. [fejrf^'/.vw, Lat.J 
 to hint or infinuare ; to tell privatrJy 
 
 SU'MMARY, .'-.dj. [fommaiye, Fr.] Diort,; 
 brief, concife, or compendious. 
 
 SUMMARY, S. an abridgement which 
 contains the fubftance of the whole in a fmall 
 compafs. 
 
 SU'iVlMER, S. [fumer. Sax. fumar, Ifl./e- 
 mcf , ^(Ag. fimmer , Teut. and Dan.] the fea- 
 fon when the fun arrives at the extremity of 
 the tropic of Cancer, and its heat is moft pre- 
 
 SUGGE'SriON, S. [Fr.] a fccret hint j dominant ; one of the four feafons of the 
 or information. I year; the principal beam of a floor j from 
 
 To SU'GGILATE, V. A. ifuggU:o,\trais fummay]a, Lat. 
 
 J,at.] to beat black and blue. 
 
 SU'ICIDE, S. [jLUidium, Lat] the crimel 
 ofdeflroying one's fclfj one who deftroysl 
 bimfelf. 
 
 SUIT, S. [Fr.] a fct or number of things 
 corrciponding to each other ; cloaths confilt- 
 ingofcoat. Waiilcoat and breccb.es ; a regular 
 order or ftries. OutofJ:i:ts, is, having no cor- 
 refpondcncc, A retinue, or number of attend- 
 ants ; from fuhe, F'r. A petition j acouit- 
 {hi,p. In Law, the infrance of a caufe, or 
 the c?.u(e itfclf deduced in judgment. 
 
 To sun , V. A. to fit or adapt to fome- 
 tliing elfe ; to drcfs or clothe. NeuterJy, to 
 ag'te with, ufed v\ith to or luitb. 
 
 SUrXABLE, Adj. agienr.gj miUcliing ; 
 convenient. 
 
 To SU'MMER, V. N. to pafs the fuitiraer. 
 
 SU'MMIT, S. [Jumnitas, Lat.J the top 
 or iitmoft height. 
 
 ToSU'MMON, V. A. \fub or fum, and 
 moneo, Lat.] to call, admonifh, or cite with 
 authority to appear. Figuratively, to excite 
 or loufe, r ed with up. 
 
 SU'MMONER, S a perfon who cites or 
 calls to appear before ? court, or at a particu- 
 lar place. 
 
 SU'MMONS, S. a call or citation from 
 authority to appear. 
 
 SU'.'AMUM BONUM, S, [Lat.] the 
 chicfeft good ; that enjoyment which a per- 
 fon mbft d^fires. 
 
 SU'MPTER, S.lfr.;?:mkr, Tx . fcmaro, Ital.] 
 a horfe that carries cloaths or furniture. 
 
 SU'JVirTION,
 
 SUP 
 
 SU'MPTION, S. thea£l of taking. 
 
 SUP 
 
 SUPERCl'LIOUS, _ Adj. [ fupercilmm. 
 
 SU'MPTUARY, Adj. [/w»7/'f«^:rwj, Lat.] Lat.] haughty; defpotic; overbearing j con- 
 relating to expence, cfpecially that of drefs. 1 temptuous. 
 
 Sumptuary la-ius, arc laws made to rcfbain 
 excefs in diet or apparel. 
 
 SU'iMPTUOUS, Adj. [fumfituofus, from 
 fumptus, Lat.]co(Hy; expcnfive ; I'plcndid. 
 
 SU'MPTUOUSLY, Adv.colHyj fplen- 
 didiy j magnificently. 
 
 SU'VlPiUOUSNESS, S. fplendidncfs ; 
 coftlinefs ; magnificence. 
 
 SUN, S. [ju!-.r.:, Goth, funna, fume. Sax. 
 forty 2>e\'',. fonr.e, Tcut.Jthe luminary in the 
 center ofour fyftem, and the fountain of light 
 and heat \ any thing eminently glorious jnd 
 iplendid. Under the fun, is in this world. 
 
 SU'N-BURNT, Adj. tanned by the fun. 
 
 SU'NCLAD, Part. Adj. bright; fhining. 
 
 SU'NDAY, S. [finnan tiaghjlntag, Teut. 
 fondagh, Belg. fuaagh, Dan. foneiidei. ov fon- 
 i:endeiyO\A ^r.funnudahr. Run,] the firft day 
 of the week, dedicated by the heathens to 
 the fun, and by the ChrilHans ufcd as their 
 Ic'.bbath, becaufe our blefled Saviour arofe on 
 that day. 
 
 To SU'NDER, V. A. [fyndrian, Sax.] to 
 part, feparate, or divide. In funder, is, in 
 two. 
 
 SU'NDRY, Adj. [fundcrs, Sax.] feveral ; 
 various ; mo;c than one. 
 
 SUNG, the preter and part. pafT ofSiKg. 
 
 SUNK, preter and part. pafl'. o{Si/:k, 
 
 SU'NRISE, S. the morning. 
 
 SU'NSKT, S. the evening. 
 
 To SUP, V. A. [fuper, Norm. Tr.fupan, 
 
 SUPERE'MINENCE, S. [ fuperemhentia, 
 Lat.] the quality of exeeding in excellence, 
 authority, oi prerogative. 
 
 SUPF.RE'MJNENT, Adj. [f'percmine;,:, 
 Lat.] gre:>tly excelling. 
 
 To SUPER'EROGATE, V. N. [fi^per- 
 and erogntio, Lut.] to do more than a pcrfon 
 is by duty obliged to. 
 
 SUPEREROGA'TION, S. the perform- 
 ance of more than one is obliged to do by 
 duty. 
 
 SUPERFETA'TION, S, [fuper/atatio, 
 Lat.] a fecond conception in the womb be- 
 fore the firlt is brought forth, as coneys do, 
 
 SU'PERFI'CE, S. [fnperfcies, Lat.j the 
 outfide or furface. 
 
 SUFERtrciAL, Adj. \ fttperjicifl, Fr.] 
 lying on, or not reaching below the furface; 
 flialiow, or contrived to cover femething elfe; 
 fmattering, or not deeply learned. 
 
 SUPERfl'CIALLY, Adv. flightlyj im- 
 perfcftly. 
 
 SUPEllFICIALNESS, S, imperfeanefs j 
 (lightnefs. 
 
 SUPERFI'CIES, S. [Lat.] the outGde or 
 fuiface. 
 
 SU'PCRFINE, Adj. eminently or extraor- 
 dinary fine. 
 
 SUPERFLUITY, S. [fupcrfluUe', Fr.] 
 more than enough ; plenty beyond necelllty j 
 excefs. 
 
 SU'PERFLUOUS, Adj. [fuperfuu,, Lat.] 
 
 Sax.] to lip; to drink by mouthfuls ; to. over much; more than enough ; necdlefs ; 
 drink by a little at a time. Neuterly, to eat 'unnecenary. 
 
 the laft meal iu the night ; from fouper. Fr.j SU'P' RFLUOUSLY, Adr.unneceflarily ; 
 SUP, S. { fipe, Ifl. and Scot.] a fmall needlefsly ; in an extravagant manner. 
 
 draught or mouthful of liquor. 
 
 To SUPERINDU'CE, V. A. [ fuper and 
 
 SU'PER, in Comj5ofition, is derived from ;«^/;^ir3, Lat.] to bring in as an addition to 
 the Latin, and fignifies more than another ; i fomething elfe ; to brmg in as not originally 
 jnorethan enough ; and on or flowing over [belonging to that on wLich it is biought. 
 
 the top. 
 
 SU'PERABLE, Adj 
 that which may be overcome or furpafled 
 
 To SUPERA'BOUND, V. A. [ fupcrabun 
 
 To SU'PERINTEND, V. A. to overfee, 
 {fuperabllh, Lat.] 1 overlook, or take care of others that are in- 
 ferior. 
 
 SUPERTNTE'NDENCE, or SUPERIN- 
 
 dare, Lat.] to be faperfiuous ; to be over , TE'NDENCY, S the a£t of taking care of 
 
 much 
 
 SUPERA'BUNDANCE, S. [ futiirabunA 
 dantia, Lat.] excefs j fuperfluity ; great 
 plenty. 
 
 SUPERA'BUNDANT, Adj. more than 
 enough ; exceffive. 
 
 To SUPERA'DD, V. N. [fupcradJo, 
 Lat.] to add over and above; to join to any 
 thing fo as to make it more. 
 
 To SUPERA'NNUATE,V.A. toimpair 
 «r difqualify by age. 
 
 SUPER A'NNUATED, Adj. worn out 
 with age; grown out of date. 
 
 SUPE'RB, Adj. [fuperbi, Fr. fuberbus, 
 Lat.] grand ; lofty ; proud ; m^-gnificent. 
 
 SUPERCA'RGO, S. an cfncer in a (hip 
 who Iws the mr;n:ic:ementof its tntSc. 
 
 the intcrefts and concerns of others. 
 
 SUPERINTE'NDENT, S. [Fr. oifufer, 
 iwd intei:deits, Lat. ] one who rules, governs, 
 or manages ; a fort of bilhop or dignified 
 clerg^'raan among the Lutherans. 
 
 SUPE'RIOR, Adj. [fupericur, Fr. fuperior, 
 Lat.] higher; above another in excellence, 
 dignity, or any other quality. Upper, applied 
 to fituation. Superiors, in Printing, fmall 
 letters or figures placed over a word, to dire(fV, 
 by a like letter or figure, to the citations i« 
 the margin. 
 
 SUPERIO'RITY, S. [from fupcrhrite, 
 Fr.] the quality of being greater or higher 
 than another in any refpett. 
 
 SUPE'RLATIVE, Adj. [ fuperbtlf, Fr. 
 fupc-.Tiwa, Lat.]implyiBgor expie.ling the 
 
 higheft
 
 SUP 
 
 SUP 
 
 Tti f:no!i!h Grammar, the \ SUPKRVE'NTION, S, a fuddcn and un 
 expcck-d intervention. 
 
 To SUPER VI'SE, V. A. [//'/>(•'-, andW 
 
 flight fi decree 
 
 fupcilative degree of adjcdtives that couliltof j 
 many fyl'-ables is made by prefixing rj:rjt be- j 
 fore them ; but in thoie which conlill of 
 fewer fyllables, it is fbnncJ by changin;; the 
 ending, or adding f/.- to it, according to the 
 Goths, who formed theirs in :ffi or ij'tj, as 
 Imtijt, bati/ta, Goth, belt j the Ru.^ic is 
 formed in the fame manner, as, liaJifca, 
 Run. broadeft ; the Saxon terminates in nft, 
 eft, or lift, as nghttvifaft, rigbtnulfeft, r'.^bt- 
 nvifuft, S2X jiifteli: or moll jufl. This method 
 of "forming the fupcrlntive, fecms copied from 
 the Attics, who form theirs in iro;, as xaX- 
 Xk-;«, Cr. the beft, 
 
 SUPERLA'TIVELY, Adv. moft excel- 
 lently ; niofl eminently. 
 
 SUPERLA'TIVENESS, S. the quality of 
 beinw molt eminent or excellent. 
 
 SUPE'RNAL, Aclj (■_/;./ cVTOj.Lat.] placed 
 above; rtldting to heavenly things. 
 
 SUPERNA'TLRAL, AJj. [of Cv/cr, and 
 ratuialis, Lat.j beyond or ibove tiiC powers 
 of nature. 
 
 SUPERNATURA'LITY, S. the quality 
 of being above the comTe of nature. 
 
 SUPERNU'MLRARY, Adj. \fu[>ernume- 
 rcirs, Er.] above a fettled, ncceliuiy, ufual, 
 or arcnnd number. 
 
 To SUPKRSCRl'BE, V. A. { f:}cr, and 
 f^iiio, Lat.J to write upon tiie top or outlidc. 
 " SUPERSCRI'PTION, S. [ Juter, and 
 ftriptl'i, Lat.] the att of wiitipg'on tJ)e top 
 or outfide ; any thing written on the top or 
 cutfide. 
 
 To SUPERSE'DE, V. A. f >/•'-, and 
 Jedlfo, Lat.l to make void or fct afide by fupc- 
 rior force or authority. 
 
 SUPERS E'DEAS, S. in Law, a writ to 
 rtay the doing of that which otherwife might 
 be done. 
 
 SUPERSTI'TION, S. [Fr. fu^erfthk, 
 Lat.] the obfervance of unneceflary rites and 
 pradlices in religion from an ill-grounded fear 
 of of?ending the Deiry ; falfe religion, or re- 
 verence of obje^ls thst are not fit for worlhip ; 
 too great nicety cr fcrupuloufnefs. 
 
 SUPERSTITIOUS, -Adj. \ fupcrf/!tk:.'x, 
 Fr. fift-rjtithfus, Lat.] pLcing religion in 
 things that are indifTereiitjfrom an ill-ground- 
 ed icar of offending the Deity ; fcrupulous, 
 or exacl to a fault. 
 
 SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. bigotedly; 
 fcrupi'Jouily. 
 
 To SUPERSTRU'CT, V. A. {f„pe,ftruc- 
 tus, Lat.] to build upon any thing. 
 
 SUPERSTRL'CI UR,E, S. that which is 
 raiferi or built upon fomething elfe. 
 
 SUPERVACA'NEOirs, Adj. fuperflu- 
 ous ; unnectlTary. 
 
 To SUPERVE'NE, V. A. \ fuperver.k, 
 Lat.J to come in as a foreign addition, ufed 
 with to- 
 
 _ .SUPERVE'NIENT, Adj. added j addi- 
 tional, 
 
 fm, ],2t ] to overlook as an overfctr. 
 
 SUPERVJ'SOR, S. an overfeer of the 
 poor ; an infpeftor of the cuiloms ; a fur- 
 veyor of the highways-; one that has the 
 care of others under him. 
 
 To SUPERVI'VE, V, N. [ fu-cr, and 
 iii-vo, Lat.j to live longer. 
 
 SUPPNE, Adj. [fap.nus, Lat.] to lie with 
 the face upwards. Figuratively, nCj^li^cot j 
 careltfs^ inattentive. 
 
 SUPi'2>JE, S. [fuflfi, Fr. fuphun:, Lat.] a 
 part of a conjugation of a verb, of the like 
 fenfe or effect with the infinitive mood, 
 without cither number or perfon : in Latin 
 they e'id in um and u, that ut ifv fignifics ac- 
 tion, and that in u implies paiiion; as air:a- 
 rum, Lat. to love; tfrv.'.'/, Lat. to be loved. 
 
 SUPr.VENES.% S. negligence; carelefF- 
 nefs ; inattention ; flotli. 
 
 To SUPE'DITA J E, V. A. to find, 
 f.ippiv, or fuinifh. 
 
 SU'PPER, S. [f'iprr, Fr.] the Lfl meal 
 
 To SUPPLA'NT, V. A. [fupplar.ur, Fr.] 
 to trip up the heels ; to difplace or turn out 
 by (Iritagcm ; to overpower, force away, or 
 difplace. 
 
 SUPPLF, Adj. [f'.up-c, Fr.] cafy to be 
 
 bent ; bending without breaking. Yielding, 
 
 oppofcd tool)(linatc. Flattering or fawning. 
 
 To SU'PPLE, V. A. to make pliant, or 
 
 foft. Neiiterly, to grow foft or pliant. 
 
 SU^PPLEMEKT, S. fFr. fupplcKentum, 
 Lat.J an addition mude to any thing to fup- 
 ply its defefts or omilTions. 
 
 SUPPLENESS, S. pliantnefs; cafily 
 yielding ; fl.:ttery. 
 
 SU'PPLETORY, Adj. that which fen-es 
 to fiipply fomc imp£rfe(ftions cr deficiency. 
 
 SUrpl.IANr, Adj. [Fr.] entreating, or 
 requeuing in an humble manner. 
 
 SU'PPLICANT, S. [irom Jupplkate] one 
 that cntreHts with great fubmirfion. 
 
 ToSUPPLICATE, V. N. [ fuppUcatu!, 
 Lat.] to petition, or entreat in a ver^ humble 
 and fubniflive manner. 
 
 SUPPLICA'TION, S. [Fr.] a petition 
 delivered in an humble manner; that part of 
 divine vvorfliip wherein we humbly alk for 
 fomething. 
 
 SUPFLl'ZR, S. one that provides or fur- 
 nilhes. 
 
 To SUP'PLY, V. A. [Juppko, Lat. /«/.- 
 plhr, Fr.j to fill upany deneiencej to give or 
 afford fomething wanted ; to relieve any want; 
 to fill any vacancy, or ferve inftead of; to 
 give or furnifh. 
 
 SU'PPLY, S. frlural f'pplkq relief of 
 want ; cure of deficiencies ; aid. Id gn^'t 
 the fupp/Ls) is to provide the neceflary money 
 for the fupport of government. la \Var, fuv 
 nilhin J an army with recruits. 
 
 To
 
 SUP 
 
 S U R 
 
 SUPRE'MACY, S. ffioni >/;-.-,%■] the 
 Hate ot havMi;^ no liiperior. 
 
 SUPFRfc'Mb, Adj. [fiipr:!:::is, r.at. J Iiinh. 
 eft in dignity, authority or excellence. It 
 (houlJ ht ohfcrved, that f.iprcme is applied 
 only to ir.tclkc^ual or political dignity, and 
 fuperior to that of place. 
 
 SUPRF.'MKLY, Adv. moft excellently j 
 
 To SUPPO'R-r, V. A. [fu^pcr/cr, Tf.fup- 
 f}rtarc, Ital.] to fullain, bear, or prop up ; 
 to endure any thin^ painful without being 
 overcome ; to prevent from fainting. 
 
 SUPi^O'RT, .S. the aft or power of 
 fuftaining or keeping from falling ; a prop ; 
 the nccellaries of life ; maintenance; a lup- 
 ply. 
 
 SUPPO'RTABLE, Adj. that which may moil eminently 
 be endured or Aiffered. | SUPRE'MliY, S. [fuprmi/as, Lat.] the 
 
 SUPPO'RTABLY, Adv. in a manner j ftite of man after death, 
 that may be borne. I SUR, in CoiT:polition, is borrowed from 
 
 SUPPORTER, S. one that maintains or 1 the French, and li^nifies upon, or over and 
 adids another. In Architeilurc, a po(! | above. 
 
 or pillar that lupports part of a building.) Sl"RA, S. In Anr.tomy, the Icflcr bone 
 In Heraldry, a bead or bird dra\\n (landing i of the calf of the leg. 
 on e;ch lidc of the elcutcheon, and feem to SU'RAMCf", S. warrant; fccuri;y. 
 lupportit. To SU'RDATE, V. N. \ folLtfir, Ft.] 
 
 SUPPO'.SAIiLE, Adj. capable of being to bruile the feet with travelling. To fa- 
 laid down witiiout proof, or advanced by way tiiiue. 
 
 ot argument. 
 
 SUri'O'SAL, S. [from fuppofe] an ima- 
 gination or poiiiion without proof. 
 
 To SUPPOSE, V. A. [Juppojh; Fr. /»/.- 
 ponoi Lat ] to lay down without proof ; to 
 advance by way of argument or illuftration 
 witlwut pioving ; to admit without proof; 
 to imagine or believe- without examination ; 
 to requite or imply as previous to itfelf. 
 
 SUPPOSITION, S. [Fr.) an hypothe- 
 fis, pofiticin, o;- illultration laid down, but 
 not proved. 
 
 SUPPOSITITIOUS, Adj. [fuppojithlus., 
 Lat.] not genuine; artfully Aibltituted in the 
 room of fomtthing genuine and authentic. 
 
 SUPPOilTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. counter- 
 fcitly ; fpurioufly. 
 
 SUPPOsnORY, S. a folid medicine 
 put up the fundament to loofen the belly. 
 
 To SUPPRE'SS, V. A. [fupprcjus, Lat.] 
 to crufh , overpower, overwhelm, or reduce 
 from a llate of a^ivity or commotion to oni; 
 of tranquility; to conceal or keep in ; to 
 feize on, or hinder the publication of a book. 
 
 SUPPRF:'SSI0N', S. putting a ftop to; 
 concealment; a floppage or difficulty in mak- 
 ing water. 
 
 To SU'PPURATE, V. A. [fuppurer, 
 Fr. ! to generate, or form pus or matter ; to 
 digefl, 
 
 SUPPURATION^, S. a ripening of an 
 impolthume or boil j generating pus or 
 matter. 
 
 SUPPURATION, S. the too frequent 
 ufe of Purging medicines. 
 
 SUPPUTxlTION, S. [f«pf>uto, Lat.] a 
 reckoning or calculation. 
 
 To SU'PPUTE, V. A. to calculate ; to 
 reckon. 
 
 SU'PRA, in Compofition, borrowed from 
 the Latin, lignifies above or before. • 
 
 SUPRALa'PSARAM, S. [ jupra, and 
 laffiiS, Lat.] one who holds that God palled 
 his decree of eledion and reprobation before 
 the fell of Adam. 
 
 To SURCE'ASE, V.N. [fur, :inice/]ir, 
 Fr.] to beat an end, or no longer in being, 
 ufe, or in moti"!i. 
 
 SURCHa'RGE, S [Fr.] too heavy a 
 but then ; charge upon charge. 
 
 JoSURCHA'RGK, V. a. [furcharirer, 
 Fr.J to load with more than a perfon or thing 
 can hear ; to ovci charge. 
 
 SU RCINGLE, S. [fur, and ci„^:jlum^ 
 Lat. J a girth with which a burthen is bound 
 on a horfe ; the girdle or band of a ca flock. 
 
 SURGLE, S. [furcu!:,:, Lat.] a flioo.t or 
 (liort twig. 
 
 SURCO'AT, S, a coat to he worn over 
 the other cloaths ; a greatcoat j an outward 
 garment. 
 
 SURCULATION, S. the a<fl of pruning 
 or lopping trees. 
 
 SURCU'LOUS, Adj. [furcu.'ofus, Cat.] 
 full of Ihoots or fprigs. 
 
 SURD, Adj. {jurdus. Lit.] deaf; void 
 of underftanding. A furd rojf, in Mathe- 
 matics, is a fqiiare, cubic, or any other 
 root, which cannot be perfciftiy e-^^traiftcd 
 out of a rational numb;r. Surds, in Geo- 
 metry, arc lines which have not any 
 common rneafure with the rational line 
 given. 
 
 SU'RDITY, S. [furdit,', Tr.furditas, Lat.J 
 deafnefs ; dulnefs ; ftupidity. 
 
 SURE, Adj. [ feure, Fr.] certain, or not 
 fubjeift either to fail or deceive ; confident 
 beyond doubt ; iufe from doubt oc danger ; 
 firm without decay or failure. Te he jure, is 
 ufcd adverbially for certdiniy. 
 
 SURE'LY, Adv. certainly ; without 
 doubt. 
 
 SURE'NESS, S. certainty; without doubt; 
 firmnefs ; falthfulnefs. 
 
 SURETISHIP, S. [■ from Surety] the 
 flate or ofSce of one that is bound for an- 
 other. 
 
 SU'RETY, S. [ furct/, Fr.] certainly or 
 freedom from failure, doubt, or mittake ; 
 fupport; eTiu.-:nCw' ; conriinLiiioB j fecmity 
 
 ag-dnii
 
 S U R 
 
 again ft lofs or danger ; on that gives fecuiity, | 
 or is bound for another, 
 
 SU'RFACE, S. [fur and face, Fr.] the 
 outfide, or fuperficies. 
 
 To SU'RFEIT, V. A. [ffom fur, Fr. and 
 /aire, Fr.] to feed with excefs of meat or 
 drink, fo as to occarron ficknefs. Neutcrly, 
 to be fed to licknefs. 
 
 SU'RFEIT, S. ficknefs arifing from feed 
 ingor drinking to excefs. 
 
 SURGE, S. [fiom furgo, Lat.] a fwell 
 jng wave ; a wave roiling above the general 
 furface of the water. 
 
 To SURGE, V. N. [futgo, Lat.] to fwell 
 or roll in waves. 
 
 SU'RGEON, S. See C)&7Wo-f£>«, of which 
 it is a corruption. 
 
 SURGE'RY, S. [ ckinirgle, Fr. chirargla. 
 Lat] an art that teaches the cure of difeafes 
 by manual operations; a room fet apart for 
 keeping the inftruments of, and performing 
 operations by a furgeon. 
 
 SU'RLY, Adj. [i'romfur. Sax. J four, mo- 
 rofe, or filently angry. 
 
 SU'RLILY, Adv. morofeJy ; crabbedly ; 
 angrily. 
 
 SU'RLINESS, S. fomnefs of difpofition ; 
 infolence ; morofcnefs. 
 
 To SURMI'SE.V. A. [fum!}fer,Tr.] to 
 fufpefl, or imagine without certain know- 
 ledge, or fufficient grounds. 
 
 SURMI'SE, S. [Fr.] an imperfea no- 
 tion, or fufpicion not fupported by know- 
 ledge. 
 
 To SU'R MOUNT, V. A. [fratronter, 
 Fr.] to rife above ; to conquer any enemy or 
 difficulty ; to fuVpafs or exceed. 
 
 SU'RNAIVIE, S. [/vrmrr, Fr.] the name 
 whichaperfon takesfrom his family. 
 
 To SURPA'SS,V. A. [ furp'jjjh-, Fr.] to 
 excel, exceed, or go beyond another in ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 SURPA'SSING, Part, excellent in a high 
 ^gree. 
 
 SU'RPLICE, S, [Jurpdis, JurplhyTr.fu- 
 ferpellkium, Lat.] the white garment which 
 the clergy wear when they read prayers, or 
 adminifter the facrament. 
 
 SU'RPLUS, or SU'RPLUSAGE, S. [fur 
 ZTii plus, Fr.] what is more or remains afKr 
 Bfe and neceftity is fatisfied. 
 
 SURPRI'SAL, cr SURPRI'SE, S. [fi,- 
 trife, Fr.] the aft of taking, or the ftate of 
 being taken unawares 5 a fudJen confiifion or 
 perplexity. 
 
 To SURPRI'SE, V. A. [furfrh, of >;•• 
 prendre, Fr.] to take or fall upon unawares. 
 or unexpectedly ; to aftonifli Ly fomething 
 wonderful ; to lead into an error. 
 
 SU'RPRISING, Part. Adj. wonderful ; 
 ftrange. 
 
 To SURRE'NDER, V. A. [furrerjre, 
 Fr.] to yield or deliver up to another, or to 
 an enemy ; to lay down an ofike. Neuterly, 
 to yield or give up one's felf. 
 
 S U R 
 
 SURRE'NDER, or SURRE'NDRY, S. 
 the &{\ of yielding or religning to ano- 
 ther. 
 
 SURRE'PTION, S. the aft of taking un- 
 awares ; a fiirprife. 
 
 SURREPTI'TIOUS, Adj. [ furreptitias, 
 Lat. J done, acquired, or produced, by Itealih 
 or fraud. 
 
 SURREPTI'TIOUSLY, Adv. fraudu- 
 lently ; falfely. 
 
 SU'RREY, S. one of the counties of 
 England. It is contiguous on the W. to 
 Beiklhire and Hamplhirc ; on the S, to 
 SuiTcx ; on the E. it joins Kent ; and the 
 river Thames parts it from Middlefcxon the 
 N. It is about thirty-four miles long and 
 twenty-one in breadth, containing thirteen 
 hundreds, 140 pariihes, ten of which are in 
 Southwark and the parts adjacent ; alfo ele- 
 ven market-towns, thirty-five vicarages, 450 
 villages and hamlets, with 171,000 inha- 
 bitants. This is a healthy county, having in 
 it feveral royal palaces, with numberlefs (eats 
 of nobility, gentry and merchants, morecfpe- 
 cially in the parts W, of London, and along 
 the Thames that way ; yet the air, as well as 
 the foil of the middle and extreme parts, dif- 
 fers greatly ; for the elimate of the latter is 
 mild, being very fruitful in corn and hiy, 
 with a fine intermixturcof woods, fields, and 
 meadows, efpecially on the S. part about 
 Holmfdale, and on the N. towards the 
 Thames ; but the air is bleak in the heart of 
 the connly, whicJi, \a delightful fpot here 
 and there excepted, is open fandy ground, or 
 barren heath ; for which reafon this county 
 has not been improperly compared to coirfc 
 cloth, with a fine lid or border. In fome 
 places are long ridges of hills or downs ; 
 with warrens for ranbits, (belter for hares, 
 and parks for deer. Its principal rivers, bc- 
 fjdes the noble Thames on its N. (kirts, arc 
 the Mole, the Wey, and the Wandle, which 
 abound in h& ; the laft of thefe excels parti- 
 cularly in fine trout. The chief produce of 
 this county, befides corn, are box-wood, 
 I walnuts, and fullers-earth ; which laft ar- 
 ticle, fo ferviccible in the cloathing trade, is 
 ■ fold at a groat a buihel from the pits near 
 I Ryegate. It gave formerly title to the earl, 
 I who in the iV.it.nce of king Henry VIII. at 
 I the fiege of Tournay, foHght the bloody 
 1 battle of Fioddenfield in Nonhumberland, 
 I agaiaft the Scots under James IV. in which 
 liiat king fell, fighting valiantly at the 
 head of hi5 nobles, and thereupon his men 
 v.cre routed, and at prefent to the duke of 
 Norfolk; and fends to parliament, bcfides 
 two knights of the (hire, two members for 
 each of the boroughs of Southwark, Blech- 
 ingly, Ryegate, Guildford, Gatton, and 
 Ha(iemere. ' 
 
 To SURROGATE, V. A. [furrogatns, 
 Lat.j to put into the place of another ; to 
 depute. 
 
 sy'R-
 
 s u s 
 
 5:u'RR0GATE, S. a deputy, or one that, 
 oil-cafts for another. t 
 
 'io SURROU'NO, V. A. \ fun-ondcr, Fr.jj 
 to enclrle or encompjfs on all (ides. 
 
 SURTOUXS. [fi-.] a large coat worn 
 over another. 
 
 ToSUR'VEY, V. A. [Junw, oU Fr.] 
 to overlook or view as from a higher place ; 
 to ovtrfeej to look inco theOrenj^th of 
 buildings; to meafiire l.md. 
 
 SURVK'YING, S. the art of meafuring 
 the fiipcrfici^l cotitents of lands, grounds, 
 fields, &c. hy ihc help of proper inftru- 
 ments. 
 
 SURVE'YOR, S. one who meafures hnd, 
 buildings, or work done by a builder, &c. in j 
 order to afcertain the value i one that over- 
 fees or fupcrin tends any large undertaking; 
 an officer of the excife. I 
 
 SURVI'VANCE, S. an outliving another. ! 
 
 ToSURVl'VK, V. N. [yi//r^•-wY^ Lut.j 
 to live longer than another ; to oiithv^. 
 
 SURVl'VER. or SURVl'VOR, 3. one 
 that outlives, or lives longer than, another, i 
 
 SURVrVORSHIP, S. the flate, condi- j 
 tlon, or circumflauces of a furvivor. 
 
 SUSCE'PTIBLR, Adj. [Fr.j capable of j 
 admitfng or receiving any imprelTion. I 
 
 SUSCfc'PTIBLKNESS, or SUSCEP'TI- 
 BILITY, S. the quality of being capable j 
 to admit or receive any imprefllon or form. 
 
 SUSCE PTION', S. aa of taking. 
 
 SUSCl'PIENCY, S. reception j admif- 
 fion. 
 
 To SUSCITA'TE, V. A. [fujdter, Fr. 
 Jiijcitatutn, Lat.J to quicken ; to excite j to 
 bear up. 
 
 SUSCITA'TION, S. the act of quick- 
 ening or exciting. 
 
 To SUSPECT, V. A. [fafpeaum, Lat.] 
 to imagine fomething unknown with a 
 degree of fear and jealoufy ; to imagine 
 or think guilt or bad without proof ; to 
 hold as uncertain. Neuterly, to imagine 
 a perfon guilty of fome crime without 
 proof. 
 
 SUSPE'CTFUL, Adj. ready to miftruft j 
 full of jealoufy or fufpicion. 
 
 To SUSPE'ND, V. A. [fufpendo, Lat. 
 fujpcndre, Fr.] to hang ; to make to hang by 
 any thing ; to make dfpendent upon j to in- 
 terrupt or ftop ; to delay ; to debar from the 
 execution of an office for a certain time. 
 
 SUSPE'NDED, Adj. hung by any thing ; 
 debarred fromexercifing an office, or receiv- 
 ing the falary for a certain time, or durin^ 
 plea!"ure. 
 
 SUSPE'NSE, S. [jufpem, Fr.] uncer- 
 tainty i the aft of with-Holding thedetermi' 
 nation of the judgment; deprivation for a 
 time ; a ftop in the midfb of two oppoHtes. 
 
 SUSPENSION, S. [Fr.j the aft of 
 making to hang or depend on any thing ; the 
 aft of laying; the aft: of with-holding the 
 determination of the judgment j the f late of 
 
 s u s 
 
 a perfon who is der.rivcd of the exercifc of aa 
 oSc? tor a t'me, 
 
 SU^Fl'ClOiM, S. [Fr. fufpiao, Lat.J the 
 aft of imagining ill without proof : jcaloury - 
 diftrurt. 
 
 SUSF'l'CrOUS, M]. [fuffkhfu,, Lat.] 
 inclined to imagir'fe ill with.out prcof, ufed iji 
 a bid fcnfc. Liable, orgi'.ing rtafon to ima- 
 gine ill. 
 
 SUSPICI'OUSLY, Adv. diftrun.<ul!v ; jca- 
 loudy. 
 
 SUSPICrOUSNESS, S, jealoufy; Uif- 
 truft. 
 
 SL'SPI'RAL, S. { fc-upircU, Fr.] a con- 
 veyance of water under ground ; a veuf, or 
 breathing hole ; an air-hole. 
 
 SUSPIR.VTION, S. figh; aft of fetch- 
 ing the breath deep. 
 
 ToSU'SPIRE, V. N. [jWpiro, Lat.] to 
 figh , or fetch tine breath deep, 
 
 SU'SSIiX, S. a county of England, during 
 the heptarchy called the tomtry of the South 
 Saxons. It is bounded on the W. by Hanip- 
 fnire ; on the S. by the Brifilb channel ; on 
 the N. by Surrey ; and on the P.. by Kent. 
 Its extent along the channel is fixty-five 
 miles, and twenty-nine in breadth. It is Ji-- 
 vidrd into fix rapes, with a cafllc, river, and 
 forelt to each ; and it is further fubdivided 
 into fixty-five hundreds, in which are reck- 
 oned 312 parilhes, 123 vicaragesy one city, 
 eighteen market-towns, 1060 villages, ham- 
 lets, and chapelries, with about 139,000 in- 
 habitants. Its principal rivers are the Arun, 
 the Adur, the Oufe, and the Ro:her ; but 
 none of thefc w!!l admit a vedei of 500 tons, 
 by reafin oi the find and beach thrown up by 
 the fea into their mouth?. Befides thefe, 
 there are likewife the Lavant, the Cuckmeer, 
 the Aflsburn, and Aden, which have all, as 
 well as the former' rivers, their fource and 
 exit in this county. The air along the coaft: 
 is agueilh ; but is Avcet and healthy on the 
 downs. The foil differs ; for the hilly oarts 
 are Icfs fruitful, and thfe valleys deep and 
 dirty, but fertile withal ; efpecially the 
 Weald, which produces plenty of oats and 
 hops. The air here, though fogg^', and not 
 reckoned unwhoiefome by the natives, can- 
 not, one would think, be faiJ to be propec 
 to breathe in. The roads in tJiis part are the 
 worft in England. On the coaft are very 
 high green hills, called the South Dov.n^, 
 and well known, efpecially to the dealers in 
 wool or (beep ; there being great numbers 
 of the latter bred here, whole wool, wliich i» 
 very fine, has been loo often clandeftineiy ex- 
 ported to France, &C. and rmutjgling or run- 
 ning of brandies, teas, &:c. in leturn, ufed alfo 
 to be much carried on in thefe parts ; but 
 thejuft fcverity of our laivs has quite ciiiflied 
 that pernicious commerce within thefe few 
 years. Maay parts of the downs, being a far 
 and chalky foil, are vcrv ftuitful both in corn 
 and grafs. The middle part of the county '$ 
 dtlightfuily
 
 SWA 
 
 S W E 
 
 delightfuIlyintcrmixeJ with meadows paflurc I To SWALE, or SVv'EAL, V. A. [fwe' 
 
 grounds, groves, and corn fields. Tlie north 
 euarter is covered mofliy with woods, from 
 which the royal docks are fiipplied with tim- 
 ber, and the iron works with fuel, there be- 
 ing plenty of oreon the E. fide towards Kent; 
 and the beft gunpowder in the world is made 
 in this county, efpecially at Battle. SufTcx 
 is particularly famous for that delicious bird 
 the wheat-ear, which is {o highly prized, and 
 is fatteft when the wheat is ripe. This 
 county has given title of earl to feveral fami- 
 lies ; but now to that of Yelverton, Talbot 
 Lord Vifcount Longueville having been fo 
 created byking George I. It fends to par- 
 liament two knights of the (hire, and the 
 iame number of members for each of the fol- 
 lowing boroughs of Horfham, Midhurfl, 
 Lewes, Shoreham, Brambcr, Steyning, Eaft 
 Grinfted, and Arundel. 
 
 ToSUSTAI'N, V. A. [ feufenir, Yx.fufti- 
 reo, Lat.] to bear, prop, or hold up ; to fup- 
 port or keep from finking under evil ; to 
 help, relieve, or adift ; to maintain or keep ; 
 to bear without yielding ; to fufTcr. 
 
 SUSTE'NANCE, S. noundiment ; food j 
 any thing that fupports natuie. 
 
 SUSTENFA'TION, S. fupport from 
 /ailing. Maintenance. 
 
 To SU'SURRATE, V. A. to whifper or 
 ff eak low, 
 
 SUSURRA'TION, S. the aft of whifper- 
 ing or fpeaking low, 
 
 SUTE. S. [fuit, Fr.] fort. " Thty are 
 "notone/ar^. Mocker. 
 
 SUT'LER, S. [ foetekr, T?elg. fudh,; 
 Teut.j a perfon who fells li<juors and provi- 
 fions in a camp. 
 
 SU'TURE, S. [ftitura, Lat.] a particular 
 manner of fewing wounds in nnatomy; a par- 
 ticular articulation of bones, wherein they 
 lock into each other, like the teeth of two 
 faws, as in the head. 
 
 SWAB, S. [fwaib, Swed.J a kind of mop 
 ufed in w alliing floors. 
 
 To SVVA13, V. A. [ftuebban. Sax. See 
 the noun] to cka;i floors with a mop. 
 
 SWA'BBER, S. a perfon who cleans or 
 W'afhes the deck of a fliip. 
 
 ToSW'ADDLE, V. A. [fr-cdar. Sax.] 
 to fwathe, or bind in cloaths, generally ufed 
 for the drefs of new born infants. Figura- 
 tively, to beat or cudgel. 
 
 To SWAG, V. N. [Jiivgnr., Sax. fiveigea , 
 Id.] to fink down by its weight 
 To SWAGE, V 
 
 /an, Sax. 1 to wade or blaze away. 
 
 To SW'A'I.LOW, V. A. [j-zc:lzan, Srrx. 
 five'gcn, Eelg.] to take dow^n the tluoaf ; to 
 receive without examination; to .-.bforb or 
 fuck up; to devour ; to be Iclt in anything. 
 Tocngrofs, ufed with up. 
 
 SYvi^'LLOVV, the throat J a bird of 
 pafiage, well known. 
 
 SWAM, preier of Sivim, 
 SWAIVIP, S. a bog, or marfliy place, fo 
 called in America. 
 
 SWA'MPy, Adj. abounding with fwamps 
 or Iiogs. 
 
 SWAN, S. [Sax. fu^n, Dan. Jwacv, Belg.] 
 a large water fowl, with a long neck, and re- 
 markably white. 
 
 SWA'NSKIN, S. a kind of foft flannel, 
 fo named fiom imitating the down of fwans 
 both in appearance and in warmth. 
 SWAP, Adv. [di/«i/-^,Ifl.] haftily; at once. 
 To SWAP, V. A. See Sivop. 
 SWARD, S. fSwed.] the (kin of bacon. 
 The furface of the ground. 
 SWARE, preter of S-uicar. 
 SWARM, S. [ fwearm. Sax. fiveim, 
 Belg.] a great body or number of bees, or 
 other animals. 
 
 To SWARM, V. N. [ Jivearman, Sax. 
 fwermen, Belg.] to rife in a body, and quit 
 the hive, applied to bees. To appear in mul- 
 titudes; to be over-crowded, or over run. 
 
 SV/ART, SWaRTH, or SWA'RTHY, 
 Adj. f fzvarts, Goth, fzvrart, Sax. Jivait, 
 Belg. Juartar, Ifl.] blackilh ; darkly brown 
 or tawncv ; gloomy or malignant. 
 
 SWa'RTHINESS, S. blackifhnefs ; taw- 
 ninefs ; gioominefs 
 
 SWA'RTHY, Adj. dark of complexion j 
 black ; tawney. 
 
 To SWASH, V. N. to make a great 
 clatter or noife. 
 
 SWATH, S. [ fivade, Belg. J a line of 
 grafs cut down by the mower ; a continued 
 quantity ; a band or fillet ; from Jkvedai:, 
 Sclav. 
 
 To SWATHE, V, A. [fivedan, Sax.] to 
 bind, as a child is, with bands or rollers. 
 
 To SWAY, V. A. [fcbivda:, Teat.] to 
 move in tjie hand ; to wield or manage by 
 the hand with cafe ; to biafs or force more to 
 one fide than the other ; to govern or rule. 
 Ncutcrly, to hang heavy; to be drawn by 
 weight; to have weight or influence. 
 
 S vVAY, S. the fwing er fweep of a wea- 
 
 A. [from ajpiuage] to • pon ; any thing moving with bulk and pow- 
 power, rule, or dominion; influence, or 
 
 cafe or lefien pain 
 
 To SWA'GGER, V. N. \_f'wadderenAQ\tt€i\on. 
 'Ki.\g. fivegar, Sax.] to blulter orbenoifilyl To SWEAR, V. N 
 proud and infolent. ' " ' 
 
 SWA'GGERER , ."^. a bluftercrj a noify 
 proud, and infolent perfon. 
 
 SWAIN, S. [fiudn. Sax. and Run.] i 
 young man; a country perfon or fiiephcrd. 
 
 f preter fioore, or 
 Ifware, part. pafl. Jtuorn ; fiuaran, Goth.] 
 to call feme fuperior power to witnefs the 
 truth of what a perfon fays ; to declare, 
 promife, or give in evidence on oath ; to 
 make ufe of the name of God profanely. 
 
 Aflively,
 
 S W E 
 
 A'fu'vcly, to put to an oath j to declare on 
 oath. 
 
 SWE'ARER, S. one who profanes the 
 name of God; one wlio wantonly, and in 
 common difcourfe, makes ufe of oaths. 
 
 SWEAT, S. [pronounced /wf/ ; fnueat. 
 Sax.] a fcnfible moidure illuing out of the 
 pores of animals ; Lbour j evaporation of 
 nioifture. 
 
 To SWEAT, V. n. [preter fwct, or 
 ftveatetJ, part, pjfl! fivratcn] to have the (kin 
 covered with moifturc liv heat, labour, or me- 
 dicines. Figuratively, to toil or labour hard; 
 to emit iKoftme, Aftively, to emit like 
 I'vveat. 
 
 SWEA'TY, Adj. liable to Aveat ; wet 
 with fvvear, 
 
 SWE'A TINESS, S. the quality of abound- 
 ing with fwcat. 
 
 SWEDEN, S. in Latin Succ'u, one of the 
 northern kingdoms of Europe, comprehend- 
 ing the greateft part of Scandinavia. It is 
 bounded on the S. by the Paltic fea, the 
 Sound, and the Categjte, or Skagerack ; on 
 the W. by the \mpj(!jble mountains of Nor- 
 way ; on the N. by Norwegian, or Duiiifh 
 Lapland ; and on the E. by Mufcovy. It lies 
 bttwcen lar. 56 and 69 deg. N. and iie- 
 twpen long. 10 and 30 deg. E. being upwards 
 of 800 miles long from N. to S. and 50 broad 
 ,fi'om E. to W. including the Buthnic and 
 Finnic gulps : there arc alfo fcveral large 
 lakes in this country, fbme above eighty 
 Englilli miles in length, and twcntyin breadth. 
 It aboun.iS with rock?, mountains forerts, 
 woods, heaths, and marfhes ; fo that the ha- 
 bitable part has a very fmall proportion, com- 
 paratively fpeaking, to the extent of the 
 whole; but the forefls and woods producej 
 pine, fir, beech, birch, alder, juniper-tree,, 
 and fome oak. It is in general a wretched 
 eold couDtry, with few navigable rivers in it, 
 but abundance of cataradts in them. The 
 foil, in thcfe places which arc capable of cul- 
 tivation, is tolerably fruitful, though feldom \ 
 abovehalf a foot deep, and frequently for thatj 
 reafon plowed with cfe by a maid and an ox : 1 
 t!ie belt parts are the little fpaces between the! 
 rocks. In Sweden there is a mine of filver,) 
 and another of copper, befides innumerable! 
 mines of iron, and forges, from which, with 
 naval Itorcs and wooden ware, arife the chief j 
 commodities of the country : in return tor 
 which, they receive from abroad fait, wines, 
 brandy, cloths, rtuHs, tobacco, fugar, fpice-, 
 linen, and icvcral other forts of goods, v.liich 
 commonly b.dance their exports, and fome- 
 times exceed the»i. 1 he managesnent of the 
 trade in Sweden has always betn ehieHy in 
 the hands of (Irangcrs, many of the natives 
 vvanting either capacity, induftry, or applica- 
 tion, and all of them Itock, to carry it 
 on. As the winter in Sweden commonly 
 te^ins very ieon, thsrc being about nine 
 
 S \V E 
 
 months of it ; fo the fummer immediately 
 fuccceds it ; tlie heat of which is fo intcnlc, 
 the fun almoft continually (Inning, tliat it 
 often fets the woods, it is faid, on fire, which 
 hardly flops till it comes to fome lake or very 
 large plain. In this feafon the fields are co- 
 vered with a variety of flowers, and the whola 
 country ovcrfpread with (Irawbenies, cur- 
 rants, &c. growing on every rock. Wall- 
 fruits are as fcarce as oranges. They !la^■e 
 cherries of fevcral forts, and fome tolerably 
 good, w.hich cannot be faid of their apples, 
 pears, or plums, neither being common or 
 well taAed. All kinds of roots are in great 
 plenty, and thcfc efpecially are a great Inp- 
 port to the poorer inhabitants. The fun at 
 the higheft is above the horizon of Stock- 
 holm eighteen h.ours and a half, and for iome 
 weeks makes continual day : in v.inter it is 
 but five hours and a half; but the moon, 
 whiteneisof the fnow, and clearneis of the 
 night, fo well fupply the defe<ft, that travel- 
 ling by nights is as ufu:i! as by day. They 
 have (loves within doors, and warm furs 
 abroad ; the me-mer fort ufing flieep-ikins, 
 and the like; aneglccH:, or failure, in which 
 occfions the lofs of nofes, &c. and fom(jtimes 
 of life, unlefs the part .•iifL<ftcd, or nipped by 
 the frofl-, be carefully rubbed with the fnow 
 till the blood returns to it. The reformation 
 here, as well as in Denmark and Norway, 
 begun foon after the neigh!)ouring parts of 
 Germany had embracc-d Luther's tenets: and 
 now Luiheranifm is the eltabliined religion, 
 and is never diflurbed by non-conformity, no 
 other fe(fls, not the Romaniils, being to- 
 lerated, 'i he church is governed by an aich- 
 bifhop, namely, Upiil, with a revenue not 
 above 4ool. and by ten bifhops ; under the 
 litter are fevcn or eight fiiperintendants. 
 Over every ten churches is a provoft, or rural 
 dcjn. The number of churches in Sweden 
 and Finland as fhort of 2.000, to which tlie 
 addition of chaplain; and curates will increafc 
 the clergy to about 4000 ; who are all faid to 
 be the fons of peafants, or meaner burghers, 
 their dues arifing from glebe-lands and one- 
 third of the tythes, the other two thirds being 
 annexed to the crown for pious ufcs. The 
 clergy however have geneially wherewithal 
 to exercife hofpitaliiy, and are the con/tant 
 refuge of poor irivellers, or llrangers. Leara- 
 ing can plead no great antiquity in this coun- 
 try, the univerfity of Lfpfal not having been 
 founded quite 403 years ; and tiicte are few 
 monuments extant of an earlier date, except 
 funeral infcriptions cut on rocks and rude 
 (for.es, but generally without any date, in the 
 ancient Gothic language, and Runic charac- 
 ters. The mod curious piece of learning 
 among them is the original trtiiiditioi. of the 
 Evan 'clifts into the Gothic, done above 12 
 or I 300 years ago, by Upfala, a bilhopof thd 
 Goths in Thrace. Marriages in Sweden are 
 3 L totally
 
 S W I 
 
 iofally <Toverned liy tlie will of the pir?nt,-,i 
 ami founded upon intcred. In iheir weddin;^- 
 entcrtuinments they have ever atTiC^ed pomp 
 and fuperRui!.)/ ; as alf'o in their tuncial lo- 
 Icmnities. 'J he jieneral divifion of .S\^edtn 
 i;^ I. into tl\c G'.>ih c kingdusn, including 
 Edil Golhlmid, Wert GothLud, and South 
 (.Toihiind. 2. Su'tdcn t'ropcr. NoidLnd. 
 4. Lapland. And 5. Finland. 
 
 To SWEEP, V. A. [jhcipan. Sax.] to 
 clean or drive away with a Ixoom ; to trail 
 along the ground ; to pafs over with qvck. 
 
 S W i 
 
 knowledge of his mother or other relation*, 
 and kept h m wiih her at Whitehaven, in 
 Cumberland, foi three yeais Hiis circum- 
 ilance occafioned niiny to Aippofe hinvan 
 ELnj;hlhnian; and, trom the friindlliid lliew- 
 td afterwards to his nio lier and him, by Sir 
 William Feniple, that he was Sir William's 
 natnral fon ; but botli thcfe fuj-gertions arc 
 i.quiliy dcllitute of tiiitii ; for -Sir William 
 lemplc, being employed in a public cnpacity 
 ■ibroad from (he year 1665 to 1670, coiil4 
 not po!Tii)ly hpvc any criminal converfe with 
 
 rt.fs i to rub over; to (hike with a lonj' ' his mother till ibme yeans after his birth. At 
 flroke. Neuterly, to pafs with vfolencc or! f'x years of .-.^c he was put to Kilkenny 
 iwiftnefs : to pals wi:h pomp, or 4 floving fchooi, by his unclr, Mr. Godwin Swift (who, 
 train i to move with a long I'.rokc or ic.-ch. upon his father's death, whof^; chief income 
 
 SWEEP, S. the aft of cleaning w.th a j ceafcd wjth himfelf, voluntaiily became his 
 broom; the compafs of any violent or con- and the other children's guardian) and abont 
 tinned motion ; vinleiu de(lru£Hon ; the di eight years afterwards was entered a ftudent 
 re(;ti<m of any mot.on from one fide to an of Trin-ty College, rubiin. His principal 
 Other. Ihidies here were hiftory .uul poetry, in wlucli 
 
 S'v'/EET, Adj. ' fit'cte, Sa\. foef, Belg.j he made great progreTs ,- but To litiie applica- 
 plcafuig to any f'f the fenfes ; of an agreeable tion did ha give to ajl other branches of 
 talle, as fugar, S:c. Figuratively, chai'ming, fcience, that when he appeared as candidate 
 grateful, or pleafing. Kind, or good, appl ed 1 tor batchebrof arts, he wjs at firit fet afide, 
 to temper. I'o bsjtue-jt uj:on, to be amero.itly j on account of infufficieiicy ; and even at lad 
 fond of. 1 .obtained his admiluon /'fc;,;// ^<-ii/w. This 
 
 SWKE'TBREAD, S. the pancrea.<; of any | neatment he rcfented fo much, that he re 
 
 animal. 
 
 To SV7F.E'TEN, V. A. to make fwect, 
 mild, kiMd, Icfs painful, more grateful, or 
 tjioie delicate. 
 
 SWEET'HKART, S a fuitor, or lover. 
 
 SWtE'TiVlliAr, S. fruit prcfcrvcd in 
 fugar, 
 
 SWfiE'TNESS, S. the quality of being 
 fwcet in any of its fenfes, 
 
 ToSWKLL, V.N. fpart. y\^. fwoUett ; 
 hvcUun, Sax. T^vl, JivcUcn, Sax. J to grow big- 
 ger by exienfion of parts ; to tumify ; to look 
 hig : to be elated ; to be exafperated Active 
 ly to caufe to rife or occafion 3 tumult ; to 
 agiiravate, or heighten. 
 
 SWELL, S. an increafeof bulk. 
 
 SWE'LLING, S. a tumour ; any thing 
 srown biggfi' hy extenfion. 
 
 To SWE'LTER, V. N. [perhaps corrupt- 
 ed froiT) /"■'"■" 1 fo he pai;-!(d or niaJc uneafy 
 bv heat. Atlivtly, to parch, or dry v.ith 
 hc.it. 
 
 SWE'LTRY, Adj. fiiflKMtingvvith hffat. 
 
 S WP'.PT, participle and preter of Sweep. 
 
 To SWERVE, V. N. { f-^>cri-es, Sax. and 
 BdciJ to wander j to rove; to depart from 
 rcafnn or duty ; to ply or Bend. 
 
 SWIFT, Ad).[Sax.J moving fai- ina fhort 
 time ; qnick ; ready. 
 
 SWIFT, (Dr. Jonathan] was the fan 
 of Mr. Jonathan Sv.lft, and Mis. Abignl 
 y.ick and was born in Dublin, November 50, 
 1667. Soon after hi? birth his ninf;-, hav- 
 ing occafion to come to England, <)Ut of a 
 nurfe's fondntfs for th.e child ■t.t her breaft, 
 lonvfycd him on Ihip-board without the 
 3 
 
 folved to leave Ireland, and pmfiie his flu- 
 dies at Oxford ; but in order to this he was 
 obliged to produce the tcjimoniuni of his de- 
 gree ; and the expreiuon fj^cdaH gratia being 
 peculiar to Dublin univerfity, the members at 
 Oxford concluded it fignilied a degree con^ 
 ferred in rev/ard of extraordinary diligence 
 and learning, and therefore he was immedi- 
 ately admitted, and entered of Ilart-hall, now 
 Htrtford coUcdge. where he conftantly rcfidej 
 till he took his degree of matter of nrts in 
 1691. Swift's guardian dying in 16S8, Sir 
 William Temple, whofe lady vvas related tQ 
 Swift's mother, generoufly fupportcd him at 
 Oxford ; and upon his quitting the univer- 
 fity, took him to refide with him as his do- 
 mertic companion. Here Swift had opportu- 
 nities of convcrfing with king William, who 
 freqi'ently vifited Sir Willi.Tm Temple ; and 
 that prine oflercd to make him a captain of 
 horfe, which he refufed, being determined to 
 take orders. In purfuance of this refolution, 
 he \«ent to Ireland, and by the recommenda- 
 tion of Sir Will'.am Temple to lord Capel, 
 then lord-deputy, he obtained a prebend of 
 lool. a-ycai ; but that income being infuffi- 
 cient, and the diftance of the metropolis de- 
 priving him of that converfation and fociety 
 in which he deligiited, hereligncd his prebend 
 in favour of a friend, and returned to Sheene, 
 in England, to Sir William Temple, with 
 whom he lived as a companion and friend till 
 Sir William's deuh; who, befides a legacy, 
 left to him the care of fublifl.ing his pofthu- 
 mous works. Upon the death of Sir William, 
 Swift Came to London, and took tiie earlieft
 
 S W I 
 
 cppntTtnnity of reminding king William ky 
 
 petition, of a promifc that prince had made 
 
 ro Sir V/ilJiam Temple, tiiac Mr. Svvih 
 
 fhould have tlie fiilt vacancy that happened 
 among the prebends of Wellmiiifter or Can- 
 
 tcibury; but that petition had no efftct; 
 
 and, after a long and fruitlefs attendance at 
 Whitehall, Svv-tt's honour, or rather pride, 
 not biooking lb long a ftate of feivility and 
 ■contempt, he embraced an olFer made him 
 by the earl of Berkley, then appointed one 
 of the lords jufticcs, to attend him as his 
 chaplain and private fecretary to Tieland. Cut 
 one Bufh, another of Lord I'erkley's attend- 
 ants, foon after tlicir arrival in Dublin, by 
 his infin nations, fuppiuntcd lim in the office 
 of fecretary. Of this injurious treatmeiU 
 Swift exprelled his fenfibiUty in a fhort but 
 I'dtyrical copy of vcrfes, intitled The Dijco-vay. 
 tlowever, during the governnttnt of the earls 
 of Berkley and Gal way, wlio were jointly 
 lords juilices of Ireland, the livings of Lari- 
 «or and Rathbeggan, worth together about 
 26cl. a-year, were beflowcd upo i Mr. Su iff, 
 
 the only church preferments he enjoyed till lyVyam ; ficuvman, Goth, fwywwdv, Sax.] 
 Jie was appointed dean of St. Patrick's in i float orn^oveon the top of tlie water without 
 J713. In 1710, Swift took his do(!^tor"s de- j finking ; to he conveyed by the flreani ; to 
 gree, and king William dying towards the | move on cr in tlie water by the aflion of the 
 
 S W I 
 
 to domeflic nol cy in gerieral, and to »4ie trade 
 uf Ireland ill particulai, till the year 1756,, 
 when he was feized with a violent gidJinefs, 
 'Ahich in a few years graduidly deprived him 
 of his reafon, at \i[\ fun'<. him info a 
 fpeechlefs ideot, and about the latter end of 
 C)<ftol)cr 1745, put a peiiod to his life. Few 
 men havchjd .1 greater (hare of liumour than 
 the doftor, which he could not rtltr.iin even 
 upon the moft trivial occafions ; hut from 
 his works, which are univerfally re.nd, the read- 
 er will better judge of him than from any 
 thing wc can (ay here. 
 SWl'FTLY, Adv. quickly; nimbly. 
 SWI'FTNESS, S. velocity; nimblenefs ; 
 quicknefs ; difpatch. 
 
 ■ oSWJG, V. n.[Jivig.-i, in.] to drink by 
 large draughts. 
 
 To SWILL, V. A. [ fwJlgai7, Sax.] to 
 drink in a luxurious and grof^ manner ; lo 
 wafh or drench. 
 
 SWILL, S. drink or immoderate drink- 
 ing- 
 
 1 o SWI.VI, V. N. f preter ftuavyfiuctn, or 
 
 latter end of that year, on the acceflion of 
 queen Anne the doiftor came into England ; 
 and as the miniflers of that reign were great 
 patrons of learning and learned men, the 
 dodor was foon admitted into their friend- 
 Ihip, particularly the earl of Oxford, in the 
 
 imbs ; to be floated ; to flow in any thing ; 
 to be dizzy, or have a fenfation ot fwimmmg 
 in the liead ; to glide or flaw with an eafy, 
 or fmooth, motion. A<riively, to pafs by 
 fwimming, 
 
 SWIM, S. the bladder of filhej, by whicli 
 
 defence of whofe aJminiflration he wrote they are fupported in the water, 
 mny pamphlets, poems, and weekly papers, SVV IMMI'NGLY, Adv. fmoothly; prof- 
 fraught with wit, and the Kcencft latire. In I peroufiy. 
 
 return for ihefe fervices, the Dr. flattered I SWINE, S. \'fiodtie, Go\.\-\. ftuyn, ftv'in, 
 himftlf the place of hifloriographer was re-. Sax.] a hog or pig; a number of hogs, eithei' 
 Icrved for him: but he remained without | fows or hoars. '> 
 
 preferment till he was made dean of St. i"a-j SVv'lNE-HERD, S. a keeper or feeder of 
 trick's ; and at firrt he had httle reafon to be fwine. 
 
 pleafed with his promotion; for onhisar-j ToS^^ING, V.N. [i^retcr fzvargjfzuung, 
 rival in Ireland, to take pofrcflion of his |y^7t-;>^is«, Sax. j to makca thing that ii fufpend- 
 deanry, he found the violence of party raging , ed move backwards and forwards ; to whirl 
 to ahigh degree in that kingdom ; the com- 1 round in theair. 
 
 nion people had been taught to look upon | SWING, S. the motion of any thing hang- 
 him as a Jacobite ; and fuch was their deteiia-j Jng loofe ; a line on which any thing hangs 
 tionof him as to throw (tones at him as he' loofe ; the influence or force of a body put 
 pafled the ftreets ; the chapter of St. Pa-; into motiqn ; courfe, or unrellruincd liberty, 
 trick's, like the reft of the kingdom., received j or tendency. 
 
 him with reluftance, and thwarted him in To SWINGE, V. A. [fzuif!ga/!,Saii..J to 
 every thing he propofed ; he was avoided as a ! whip or punifh with a lafli. 
 peftilence, oppofed as an invader, and pointed! SWI'NGING, Adj. great or huge. 
 at as an enemy to his country. A man of To SWl'NGLE, V.N. to dangle; to 
 fewer abilities, and \e{i firmnefs, would have ! fwing in pieafurc. 
 
 funk under fu£h violent outrages and oppo- 1 SWI'NISH, Adj. filthy; nafly ; like a 
 fitioii ; but he had addrcfs and refolution to 1 fwine. 
 
 furmount them; to reduce his brethren the SWINK, S. [/zv;«f, Sax,] labour; drud- 
 clergy to reafon and obedience, and by algery; roil. 
 
 zealous attachment to the iiitcrefts of hisj SWITCH, S. a flexible twig, 
 country, to become the darling of his people ; To SWITCH, V. A. tolafn with a fwitch ; 
 and in this happy fituution he lived many 1 to jerk, 
 vears^ bein^ confulted ip all points rtlatingj S vVlTZERLAND, S. the country of the 
 
 L a 
 
 ihirtcca
 
 S W I 
 
 S Y D 
 
 thirtfcn Swifs Cantons, I'iz. Zurich, Eenie.j laily enrolIcJ in a body of militia, from fij»$ 
 
 Lucerne, Ury, Swits, Underwald, Zue, 
 Glaris, Bafil, Friburg, Solothurn, Scbaff- 
 hnufen, and Appeuzel, and of their allies and 
 luhjeas, namely the Giifons, Valcfians, the 
 roublic of Geneva, the biQiopric of Bafil, 
 Mi.lhaufen, the fovertignties of Neufchatel 
 find Vahngin : the republic of St. Gaul, 
 and the towns of Eienaand Rotweil, was thi.t 
 of the ancient Hdvetn. It is bounded by the 
 Suntfiow, the Hyrcinian forefl, and other 
 parts'' of Swabia, on the N. by the lake ot 
 Cnnlknce, alfo Tyrol and Trent, on the E. 
 by Savoy, Milan, and other provinces of Italy, 
 en the S and by Burgundy and the Franche- 
 <;omte on the W, It is about a6o miles 
 lon<r, and upwards of loo broad i fome parts 
 of Italy and France beinjj now Included in it, 
 wliich did not belong to tjie ancient Hehefii. 
 Thoiioh Swiizcrland is fituated between lat. 
 4 5. and 48 deg. N. yet lying among the Alps, 
 tliehigheft mountains of lurope, whofetops 
 are moCt part of the year covered with fnow, 
 the air is much fliarper than in more norther- 
 ly latitudes. As the whole country is thus fe- 
 ouen-ercd bv high mountains fiom the neigh- 
 I'curinw parts, haidly any one canton but 
 is divided from the rcfl by a ridge of hills, 
 ^'.hi'h yield good paflure ; and on lome are 
 corn fields paiticnlarly Berne, two thirds of 
 which is a level country, abounding in grain: 
 but the foil in general Joes not produce it in 
 any great quantity, (brms or cold rains fre- 
 quently dellroying the fiuits of the earth ; for 
 which rcafon, in plentiful feafons, ihcy lay 
 lip corn in <;ranaries ; and to retrench all lu- 
 perfluity, lliey prohibit the wearing cf gold, 
 I'ilver, filk, thread-lace, or jewels, with pub- 
 lic (liews. In the general diet, the Helvetic 
 body is vepreiented by deputies from all the 
 cantons, who meet at Baden on Midfummer- 
 tlay, and fit for about a month. Here they 
 principally concert meafures for the good of 
 the whole; but all other matters are treated 
 fif at the particular diets of the refpedtive re- 
 ligions ; that of the Protcdants is holden 
 St Auras, and that of the Roman Catholics 
 at Lucerne ; ib that in fact the thirteen can- 
 tons, though generally reputed one common- 
 wealth, are fo many independent republics. 
 The conltitruion of government in the feven 
 cantons of Zurich, Berne, Lucern, Bafil, 
 ./riburg, Solothurn, and ^chati liauien, is ari- 
 >'!ocratical, c;r in the gentry ; and that of the 
 oilier fix democratical, or in the body of the 
 people. The prote'iant or calviniiiical Can- 
 tons are Zurich, Berne, Eafil, and SchafT- 
 haufcn, two-thirds of Glaris, and more than 
 half Anpenzei ; all the rcll are Roman Ca- 
 tholics i but th.e PrgteOants are much the 
 lir"eft, :'nd their" territories nsore fruitful 
 thaii thofe of the other. The cantons never 
 have any troops in pay, but in time of war. 
 Al) the 'inhabiunts cf Switzerland are regu- 
 
 teen to iixty years of age, one third of which 
 IS regimented for foreign ferviccs, under the 
 (iile of fuzileers i and the other two thirds, 
 who fiay at home, ferve as recruits for them ; 
 and they have had 80,000 men in arms, 
 though only the regimented orinrolled troops 
 V. ere raifed. In the mountains of Switzerland 
 many large rivers have their fourcc, particu- 
 larly the Adda, Ticlno, Lintz, Aar, Rufs, 
 Inn, 111, Rhone, and Rhine ; alfo the Danube 
 rifes but a few leagues ofTSchaffhaufen. In 
 this country there are near thirty lakes, fome 
 of which, particularly thofe of Conflance and 
 Geneva are upwards of fixty miles long : bc- 
 fides there is hardly a mountain but has a 
 lake on its top well (lored with fi(h. In al- 
 moft every part of this country, botii on the 
 mountains and in the plains, are forefls of 
 firs and pines, with fome of oak and elm. 
 
 SWI'VEL, S. fomething fixed in another 
 body fo as to turn round. 
 
 SWO'BBF.R, S.fSce Swabber] four cards 
 at whiff, which are entitled to flakes. 
 
 S WO'LLEN, or SWOLN, part, padive of 
 Swell. 
 
 SWOM, preterof Swim. 
 To SWOON, V.N. [afivurar. Sax.] tot 
 fuffer a fufpcnfjon of thought and fenfation ; 
 to faint, or fall into a fit. 
 
 SWOON, S. I fwong, Sax./offf, RufT. fan^ 
 Sclav, and Dalm./i-HjBoh. Pol. and Carinth.j 
 a fainting fit. 
 
 To SWOOP, V. A. [perhaps formed from 
 the found] to fall or dart at once on its prey ; 
 to prey upon. 
 
 SWOOP, S. fall of a bird of prey upon 
 his quarry. 
 
 To SWOP, V. A. [its derivation uncer- 
 tain] to give one thing in exchange for an-, 
 other. 
 
 SWORD, 5. [fiveord. Sax. fuerd, Irt. 
 fivfrrd, Belg.] a weapon with a fharp point, 
 worn by the fide, and ufed in combats hand 
 to hand ; deflruOion by war ; vengeance ; ar^ 
 einblem of juftice. 
 
 SWO'RD-BEARER, S. an officer who car- 
 ries a fwordof ftate before a prince or magif- 
 trate. 
 
 SWO'RD-FISH. S. a fea-fi(h, having a 
 bone 5 feet long iduing from his head with 
 teeth on both fides, at the end of the upper 
 jaw. 
 
 oY'COPHANT, S. [s->j>io<f,aylr,(, Gr.] a 
 fljttercr ; a talc-bearer. 
 
 SYCOPHA'NTICK, Adj. parafitical ; flat- 
 tering. 
 
 To SY'COrHANTISE, V. N. to play the 
 flatterer 
 
 Sl(DERA'TION,S. a blading with excef- 
 fiveheat, ordroughtja corruption of the foli4 
 parts or bones of an animal. 
 
 SY'DEROSE, Adj. [jyderofus^Lat.] pla- 
 net- Hiuck. 
 
 S\LLA»
 
 S Y N 
 
 SVlLA'SIC, or SYLLA'BICAL, Adj. 
 |ifioni Syllable] relating to, 01" confiding 
 •f, fyllables. 
 
 SY'LLABLE, S. [s-i/Ua?*, Gr.] a part of 
 a worcl, confining ot one or more letters pro- 
 honnced together. 
 
 SY'LLAiJUS, S. [rv7.-Ka^ci, Gr.] an ab- 
 ftraft ; a conapcndium, containing the heads 
 of a difcourfe, or courfe of le£>ures. 
 
 SY'LLEPSIS, S. [Gr. I a figure in gram- 
 mar, where two nominative cafes fingular, 
 of different perfons, arc joined to a verb 
 plural. 
 
 LY'LLOGrSM, S, fGr.] an arjniment 
 ton fitting of three prof.ofitions, the coiiclufi- 
 on of which necelfat ily follows from tlie two 
 prcniifcs. 
 
 SYLLO'GISTICAL, Adj htlongine to 
 lyllogifms ; after tlie manner of a fylligifm. 
 
 SYLFHS, S. a fort of fairy nymphs. 
 
 SYLVAN, Adj. woody j belonging to 
 woods or forefls. 
 
 SY'MCOL, S. [ lywU^, Yr.fyivbohm, Lat. 
 rvy-Bo'Ki'f, Gr.] an ahlfract or compendious 
 form ; a type, or that wliich comprdiends, 
 in its figure, a reprefcntation of fomcthing 
 elfe. 
 
 SYMRO'LICAL, Adj. belonping to, or of 
 the nature of a fymboi j niyflical. 
 
 SVMBOLIZA'TION, b. rcprefentalion, 
 jrcfcmblance. 
 
 To SY'MDOLIZE, V. A. to make rep re- 
 fent^tive of fomc thing. Ncuterly, to jiavc 
 fometliing in common with another, byrepre- 
 fcntarive qualities. 
 
 SY'MMETRY, S. [ fymnetric^, Fr.J pro- 
 portion; harmony of parts. 
 
 SYMPATHETIC, or SYMPATHE'- 
 TICAL, Adj. [SeeSYM PATH Y.]afrc£led with 
 ■what liappens to another. 
 
 To SYMPATHI'ZK, V. A. [fymp^tbifer, 
 Fr.] to feel U'-th aiiither, followed by ici!/j. 
 
 SY'MPATHY, S. [ fympati k',¥-. cxj;A.T:a.- 
 fliifl, Gr.] the quality of being aiTcacd with 
 the calamities, pains, or JDys of another. 
 
 SYMPHONTOUS, Adj. a^reeio" in found. 
 
 SY'MPHONY, S. { jpni^k'or.k, Fr.] a con- 
 f inance, or concert of feveral founds together 
 On the ear. 
 
 SY'MP TOM, S. {fymptome, Fr. s-vfX-nraiucL, 
 Gr.] fomething happening together with 
 fomethin'T elfe ; a fion, token, or an aHemb- 
 lage of appearances in a difeafe, which (hews 
 its quality or nature. 
 
 SYMPTOM.'^' riCAL, Adj. tending to 
 difcover, or belong to fymptoms. 
 
 SYN.T.'RESIS,"'S. [Gr, j a figure in gram- 
 mar, which puts two fyllabies or vowels into 
 one. 
 
 SY'NAGOGUE, S. [Fr. ^myo>=,-, Gr.j 
 
 an aflembly of Jews 5 the place wlicre the 
 
 Jews uftd to Hfl'mible to rcjd, and to hear 
 
 the hoiy Ijook^ read. 
 
 flVNALOE'PHA, S. [Gr.j a contra(flion 
 
 SYS 
 
 of a fyllable in a Latin verfe, by joining ta- 
 uether two vowels in the fcanning, or cuiiu^ 
 off the ending vowel. 
 
 SY'NAXIS, S. [^ivaf,?, Gr.] a congrega- 
 tion ; the facramciu of the Lord's Supper. 
 
 SYNCHIIO'NICAL, Adj. [ .-t^vxp;«,-, 
 Gr.] happening at the fame time'j contem- 
 porary. 
 
 SYNCHRO'NISM, S. \^uyx?'>nc-!*ou Gr.] 
 fi'vcral lemarkabie tranfa<fl!ons happening at 
 the fame time. 
 
 To SYNCOTATE, V. A. [ Jyt,ccpatum, 
 Lat. J to cut or take away j to Ihorien. Ncu- 
 terly, to fvvo<:in. 
 
 SY'NCQPR, S. [a-,;vxo7r«, Gr.] a fignr* 
 in grammar, whereby one or more letters arc 
 taken out of a word. In phyfic, a fuddcii 
 fainting or Avooning. 
 
 To SYNDI'CAl K, V. N. to pafs judg- 
 ment on J to ccnfure. 
 
 SY'NDROME, S. [Gr.] concurrence, 
 , SYNE'CDOCHE, S, [Gr. , a figure in 
 rhttoilc, whereby the whole is taken for 3 
 part, or a part for tlie whole. 
 
 SYNNEURO'SIS, S, the connexions mad« 
 by a ligament. 
 
 SY'NOD. S. [fyr.idf,Yv c-w,5,j, Gr.] an 
 aflfmbly of clcr;',yman J the coiijunftion of 
 the iieivcnly bo.l cs. 
 
 SYN'O'NIMA, -S. [Lat.] names or words 
 which fignifv the fame thing. 
 
 SYNO'NTMOUS, Adj. [ J\;:ommc, Fr.] 
 exprcding the lame thing or id^i. 
 
 SYNOP.ilS, S. [Gr.j a genetdl view ; all 
 the parts brou'iht under one vicv. 
 _ SYNTA'ctlCAL, Adj. conjoined, rela- 
 ting to the conflniiTiion of fpcccli. 
 
 SY'MTAX, S. \fyntaxh. Gr.] afyflem; 
 a number of things joined together ; th^t pare, 
 of gvHmmar which tsaches thsconflrudion of 
 words. 
 
 SY'NTHPSrS, S. [Fr.] the a£l of joining, 
 oppofed to Analsf.%. 
 
 SYNTHE'TIC, Adj. [rw&srwo- Gr.] 
 joinin-; together. T\\z fynthttlt m.-.bod u thuc 
 wl'.ich begins with the parts, and leads to the 
 knowledgeof the whole, which it does by be- 
 ginning uith tlie mofl (imple principles, and 
 proceeding lo tiiat which is dravvn from, or 
 compounded of them. 
 
 SY'PHON, S. i-ceSrpHoK. 
 SY'RINGF, S. f^ifi^, Gr.] a pipe, or 
 inftriiment, through which any thin-r \^ 
 (quirted. 
 
 ToSY'RIXGE, V. A. to fpout or walh 
 by a fyringe. 
 
 -^Y'RT'IS, S. [L.'^t ] a quick fand ; ^ t-otJ. 
 SY'RUP, S. [j^'-'.p, Vr.fyruLus, Ln.l\ 
 com'pnfition made of the juice of hcib>, flow- 
 ers, or fruit.<:, bolkd wit!) A.'g..r to a ihiek 
 confi'^enCe. 
 
 SY'SJKM, S. \ fyjlctre, Fr. cifr.,A=, Gt.\ 
 a combination of many lhirii.'S I'per.iting toge- 
 ther ; a feheme wli'ch reJucci many thii 05 
 3 L 3 tu
 
 SYS 
 
 to 3 regular depen Jence, or co operation ; the 
 whoie oi any doctrine, whole feveral parts are 
 h imd together, follow, or depend on each 
 other. 
 
 i\S rEM.VriC, orSYSTEMA'TICAL, 
 Adj. regiiiar ; according to fome fytlem. 
 
 SYSTOLr., S. [Gr.J the contraftion of 
 the heart. In Grammar, the fhoitening ot 
 a. long fyilabic. 
 
 TAB 
 
 
 T A 1 
 
 another's table. A(Qivcly, to make a cata- 
 logue, or iet down. 
 
 TA'PLE-BELR, S, beer ufcd at rricaU ; 
 fniall beer. 
 
 TA'BLE-BOOK, S. a book on whicli 
 any thing is wrote without uik. 
 
 TABLER, S. a boarder. 
 
 TA'BLiT, S. a fmall level forface ; a 
 mcdichieof a Kjuare form ; a furtace written 
 01 painted on. 
 
 TA'BOR, S. [raisz/rw, Fr.j a fmall drum 
 lieaten with a flick, and accompanied with a 
 pip 
 
 A confonant, and tl.c nineteenth 
 ■ letter of the alphabet ; before ; 
 
 JB- 5 vowels, excepting the I, it 
 founded fomething like D, but before the L j ^^^^y^ 
 
 when followed by another vowel, has the I -j ^ TA'BULATE, V. A. 
 found of S, as nothn i yet when S precedes J f^l^jg or fynophs. 
 
 TACHE, S. [fromfjc*] any thing taken 
 hold of; a catch or loop. 
 
 To TA'ROR, V. N. [tahojjrer, old Fr.] 
 to ftrike lighlyand freiioently. 
 
 TAjiORl'NE, or TABRET, S. [Fr.] a 
 
 to reduce to a 
 
 it, it retains its original hard found, as in 
 
 queflion, 
 
 TA'BBY, S. [tahl, tahlno, Ital. wiiJ, Fr-] 
 a kind of waved lilk. 
 
 TA'BBY, Adj. brinded, brindled, or varied 
 ■with another colour. 
 
 To TABBY, V. A. to pafs filk,. J?:c. un- 
 der the calendar, to give it reprcfcutation of 
 waves, like that of tabby. 
 
 TA'BEAlvD, or Ta'BERD, S. {t.'ba;-J, 
 
 TACHYGRA'PHY, S. [T<ix">'('a<fi*, 
 Or.] the art of fwift v;riting. 
 
 TA'CIT, Adj. {tacitc, Fr. tjcttus, Lat.] fi- 
 ffent j implied though not exprclled. 
 TA'CirLY, Adv. filentiv. 
 TAClTU'llNlTY, S. [taciturnhc', Fr. ta- 
 dtuir'aas, Lat.j habitual fileiice. 
 
 To TACK, V. A. {tacber,FT.] to faflen 
 Fr.] a (hort gown reaching no farther than jto any thing ; to few Aightly ; to join or ftick 
 the middle of the leg; a kind of jacket, or i together; to turn a, (hip. 
 fleevelefs coat ; a hcrald'scoat. I TACK, S. a fmall nail ; the ad\ of turning 
 
 TABEFA'CTION, S. a confuming, or i (hips at fci. TcboU :aci,\.e. to laft or hold 
 wading away. out. 
 
 To TA'BEFY, V. A. {tak-rc, Lat.] to TA'CKLE, S. [faal, But.] an arrow ; 
 v;afle aA'ay ; to pine, or confume. jweapons, or iiiftraments of action ; the ropes 
 
 TABELLa'RIOL'S, Adj. belonging to -of a Ihip ; from r^it/tt/, Be!g. a rope, 
 letters, or a letter-carrier. j TA'CKLIMG, S. ropes, or furniture of a 
 
 TA'BELLION, S. [Fr.] a notary public, malt ; furniture for fport or aflion. 
 
 TA'BERDER, S. one who wears a (hort 
 gown : applied at Oxford to a fervitor of 
 (^een's College. 
 
 TA'BERNACLE, S. [Fr. taha-yijcuhm, 
 Lat.] A temporary habitation or dwelling ; 
 a facred place, or place cf worlhip. In the 
 Romilh church, a little vefTcl in which the 
 facramenc is put on the altar 
 
 TACTIC, or TA'CTICAL, Adj. [t«x- 
 Tus?, Gr.] relating to the art of war, or 
 marihalling an anny. 
 
 TA'CTICS, S, ]Tay?.Mr,, Gr.j the art of 
 ranging men in the field of battle. 
 
 T.VCTILE, Adj. {tacii/is, Lat.] capable 
 of being touched or felt. 
 
 TA'C riON, S. the aCt of touching or 
 
 To TA'BERNACLE, V.N. to en (hrine, feeling : feldom ufed but by philofophical 
 
 or houfe- 
 
 TA'BES Dorsalis, S. [Lat.] a con- 
 funiption in the marrow of the back-bone. 
 
 TA'BID, Acj. [taild^s, Lat.J walled by 
 difeafe ; confumptive. 
 
 TA'BLATURE, S. painting ou walls, or 
 cielings. In anatomy, a divifion, or parting 
 of the fcuU bones. 
 
 TABLE, S. [Fr. tnlmla, Lat.] any fiat or 
 level furface ; a board fupportcd by feet, and 
 uied for meals; perfons fitting aad partaking 
 of an ente.tainment : fare, or tntertainment ; 
 a furface on which any thing is written, or 
 engraved; a pijLiurc, friun taokuu, Fr. The 
 palm of tl:e ha'id ; draughts. 
 
 To TABLE^ V. N. to 'ooard,. or live at 
 
 writers. 
 
 TADPOLE, S. [from tad Sax. and pda. 
 Sax.] a young Ihapelcfs frog or toad. 
 TA'EN, a contraction of Taken. 
 TA'FFYTE, S. [taffetas, Fr. laffaar^ 
 Span.] a kind of fmooth, lilkcn manufa(flurc,. 
 having a remarkable glolTy furface, and fup- 
 pofed to be invented at Lyons in France, 
 
 TaG.S. [111.] the point of a lance ; a 
 point of metal fafteneJ to the end of a ftring, 
 or a lace ; any thing pjhry and mean. 
 
 To TAG, V. A. to fix metal lo the end of 
 a lace ; to hang one thing to another. To 
 join, followed by together , 
 
 TAIL, S, [taga, Goth, tiegl. Sax. ta^l,, 
 Ifl.J the long fubftance which hangs down 
 
 fiora
 
 T A L 
 
 from the vertebra: of an animal ; the lower 
 pait ; any thing hanging down ; the hinder 
 part. In Aflronpiny, thedefc^nuing node of 
 a planet ; thofe rays which datt from a comet 
 oppofite to tlie dircflion in which it moves. 
 In Law, a Jimited fee, opppftd to a lee 
 limple. 
 
 TAl'LLAGE, S. [tailkr, Fr.] a piece cut 
 out of th(? whole : a Ihare of a man's fub- 
 (hince paid by w^y of tribute. 
 
 TAI'LOR, S. [rnilJfiir, Fr. from tai/L-, 
 Fr.] one who m^ikes cioaths. 
 
 To TAINT, V. N. [rahUn', Fr.] to im- 
 l.uc or impregnate witii anything ; to (lain ; 
 to infc<fb or corrupt. Ncutc-rly, to be infeilcd 
 or toi'ched. 
 
 TAl.MT, S. [teintf, Fr.l a tinifture, ftain, 
 or corruption. In Natural Hiflory, a fpidcr 
 of a red colour, and fo fmali that ten of the 
 largeft will liardiy outweigh a grain. 
 
 To Take, V. A. [prcter tc:ik, part. paOi 
 taken, fometimes /'cij to receive what is of- 
 fered ; to f'-izc what is not given ; to capti- 
 vate, delight, or engage with plcafure ; to re- 
 ceive with good or ill will ; to undtrftand in 
 any particuhr fenfe. To fuppofcor imagine, 
 .followed by it. To hire, followed by /.'oufc. 
 U/cd with .Ttyjv, todeprivcof ; tofct afide, or 
 remove. 'J'l, tuic care, to be careful, cautious, 
 folicitous for, or fupsrintend. Followed by 
 from, to derogate or detradl ; to deprive of. 
 7c take herd, to be cautious. Ufed with heed 
 to, to attend. Totukeln, to comprife, com- 
 prehend, admit, win, receive, or impofe up- 
 on. Followed by oath, to f»vear. Ufed wich 
 
 «ff, to invalidate, deftroy, with-hold, with- j notched or cut along with another, and ufed 
 draw, fwallow, purchafe, copy, find place for, | to keep accounts by ; any thing made to fuit 
 or kill. To take part, to (haie «r participate, j another. 
 
 Ufed with place, to prevail or have effect. To TA'LLY, V. N. to fit, fu't, or cut 
 Ufed with up, to borrow upon credit or in- 'out to refemble aiiy thin«; to mark upon a 
 tcrcft, applied to money j to engage with J tally. Neu:erly, to be fitted; to conform, 
 toaflume; to begin ; to engrofs ; to have TA'LLY-MAN, S. ojie who fells cloaths 
 final rccourfe to ; to fcize or arreft ; to ad- to be paid by the week or month. 
 mit. Ufed with ://>o;.>, to appropriate; toad- TA'LMUD, or THA'LMUD, S. the book 
 mit ; to be imputed to ; to claim authority, containing the Jewilh traditions and rabbini- 
 Keu:erly, to pleafe cr be approved of; to cal explanations of the law. 
 have its Intended cr natural effects ; to catch. TA'LON, S. [Fr-] the claw of a bird of 
 Uicd with afur, to learn of, refemblc, or 'prey. 
 
 imitate. Ufed with ;V;, to inclofe, leflen, con- 1 TAMA'RIN'D, S. fw«aW«, Fr. tamariTi- 
 tradt, cheat. Followed by in hand, to under- da, Lat.] a kind of Indian fruit, of an agice- 
 take. 7c take nctke, to obfcrve; to fliew by able acid tafte, and cfleemed good to quencli 
 any act that a thing or perfon is obferved. thirft. 
 
 Ufed with &«, to be violently alTtftcd with TAMA'RISK, S.pu-«;iin^f,Fr.] S. afliriib, 
 forrow or ficknefs. Ufed with r!7, to apply to, 
 or be fond of; to betake or have rccourfe 
 to. Ufed with up, to flop. Ufed with up 
 with to be contented or fatisfied with j to 
 lodge or dw-eil. 
 
 TA'KEN, particple paflive cf Take. 
 
 TA'KING, S, fcizure or diftrefs 
 
 T A M 
 
 number reckoned; from ttilen. Sax. to count. 
 A reckoning ; an information or difclofurc of 
 any thing fccret. 
 
 TA'LE-BEARER, S. one who gives in- 
 telligence through olf.L-iouiuefsor m*ilicioufc 
 nefs. 
 
 TA'LENT, S. \tal:r.tiim, Lat. ] a weight, 
 or fum of money dilfering in different nations 
 and ages ; a faculty, power, or gift of naturej 
 qunlity or nature. 
 
 T.A'LlS.VlAN. S.a maoical chara^er. 
 
 To TALIs., V. N. [ta-Lr, Belg. j to con- 
 verfc ; to fp.-ak impertinently; to give ac- 
 count ; to re.ifon or confer witli another. 
 
 TALK, S. [talkoouani. Ruff! J familiar 
 fpecch ; rnmour; the fubjectof cinverfation. 
 .Among the wr ters of Indian trHnCiifliOns, it 
 is u'ed for a conference. Stones compofed of 
 plates, generally parallel, Hexiblc and cla- 
 Itic. 
 
 TA'LKATIVE, Adj. full of prale; much 
 given to talking. 
 
 TALKA'TIVENESS, S. the quality of 
 being forward to fpcak, or much given to 
 talking. 
 
 TALL, Adj. [tdl, Jjtit.] long, or high in 
 (lature; lofty 
 
 TA'LLAGE, S. [taiUagr, Fr.] impoR; 
 excife. 
 
 TA'LLNESS, S. hciglit of flature ; lofti- 
 nefs. 
 
 TA'LLOW, S. [talge, Dan.] the greafe 
 or fat of animals, which is ufed in makiajj 
 candles. 
 
 TA'LLY, S. [from tailkr, Fr.] a flick 
 
 with a red bark and leaves, like heath. 
 
 TAME, Adj. ("Sax. taerr., Beig, tan, Dan.] 
 gentle of difpoiliion, oppofcd to wild ; crulh- 
 ed fubdued ; deje<fled j fpiritlels or hcari- 
 lefs. 
 
 To TAME, V. N. \:ar.c-ati. Sax. taemen^ 
 Belg.l to reduce from wildncfs to a gentle and 
 TALE, S. [Sax. from tellan, Sax, r^/j, j mild difpodlion ; to fubdue or conquer. 
 LI.] a flory generally applied to a fhort nar- TA'MELY, Adv. gently; meanly; de- 
 raiive of foiriC trifling and fabulous circum- 1 je^edly. 
 
 iLnces; a narrniye "delivered bywords; aj TA'MF.NESS, S. the oppofite of wild- 
 
 3 L 4 '^«^'5
 
 TAP 
 
 TAR 
 
 fft gcnflenefs of difpofitioii; deje<ftcJnefs ; ] TA'PESTRV, S. [taf,is,tjfiji'ie, tapijfrii, 
 rant of fpiiit or courage. Fr. tupin, Brit, rapetum, Lat. taiirii, Gr.J 
 
 TA'MKIN, er TA'MPION, S. the ftop- 
 ple of a f^reut gun. 
 
 TA'MMY, S. a kind of tranfparent ftufT, 
 ufed to face the outlines of drawings or paint- 
 ings. 
 
 1 o TA'MPER, V. A. [deriv<-d by Skin- 
 ner from trmpero, Lat.] to be ofiitious in the 
 ufi of medicine* ; to meddle, or have to do 
 with without kno\>. ledge orneceffity; toprac- 
 tifc with or endeavour to I'educc. 
 
 To TAN, V. A. [icairiai, Belg. and Fr.] 
 to impregnate leatlier vviLh bark. To make 
 Lrcnvn by heat, applied to the fun. 
 
 TAN, S. the bark of the oak tree, beaten 
 fniall, and ufed to tan leather. 
 
 TANG, S. ln,rgbe,Bclg.] a (Irong tafle 
 left in the mouth ; a rclilh or tafle. 
 
 To TANG, V. N. [ufed infteadof r«v«^] 
 to rinrr with. 
 
 TA'NGENT, S. [Fr. urgsns, Lat.] i.s a 
 right line perpendicularly raifed on the exire- 
 inity o(:i radius, which touches a circle to as 
 not to cut it. 
 
 TANGIBILITY, S. the quality of being 
 touchable, or of being felt. 
 
 TA'NGIBLE. Adj. fr/'/.jo, Lat.] to be 
 felt or perceived by the touciv 
 
 To TANGLE, V. A. See Entanci e. 
 
 TANGLE, S. a knot of things mingled in 
 one another-, 
 
 TAN'I'.S'I RY, S an ancient cuffoni in 
 Ireland, which ord..ins that an adult is to be 
 preferred to a minor ; as an uiuli to a >ie- 
 fheiv. 
 
 TANK, S \t.tnji/e, Fr] a large clftcrn 
 or bafon ; a little pool or pond. 
 
 TA'NKARD, S. [tr.r:ju.:uJ, Fr. tar.iaerd, 
 Bclg, tancyud, Ir. J a diinking vtllei with a 
 cover moving on a hinge. 
 
 TANNER, S. one tlut drefles and pre- 
 pares hides for ufe. 
 
 ToTA'NTALIZF, V. A. \ixova Tanta- 
 lui, who vvas condemned to (iarve and die with 
 thjrft among fruits andwater which he could 
 not touch ] to torment by the profpcifl of plea- 
 fui'es which cannot be reached. 
 
 TA'NLAMOUNr, i>. [Fr.] of equal va- 
 lue ; an equivalent. 
 
 To TAP, V. A. [Uipp..!!, Belg. upper, 
 Fr.] to touch, or ftiikc gently ; to pierce or 
 bfoach a vedel ; from tappe;:, Belg; 
 
 TAP, S. a gentle blow; a pipe through 
 which liquor is drawn from a vefTel. 
 
 TAPE, S. {tappan. Sax.] linen woven in 
 narrow llips, and uicd for fillets or bands. 
 
 TA'PER, S, [Sax.] a wax candle;, a 
 light. 
 
 TA'PER, Adj. [from the fortn of a taper] 
 growing <j'-adiially narrow from the bottom to 
 tlietop; conical ; llendcr. 
 
 *I-o TA'PE.'l, V. N.. to grow fmallef to- 
 wards the bottom Of top. 
 
 cloth woven with forms of huni.'n creature.5,. 
 bcalts, &.C. ufed for hangings, and fomctimcs 
 for carpets. 
 
 TA'P.STER, S. one who draws beer at a 
 public houfe. 
 
 Tar, S. \tare, Sax. tarre, Belg. tare, 
 Dan.] liquid pitch ; or the turpentine of the 
 fiv-ti^c cxtrai^cd by fire. Figuratively, a 
 failor. 
 
 To TAR, V. A. to fmear with tar ; to 
 teaze or provoke; from Tafalrro, Gr. to 
 dilhirb. 
 
 TARA'NTULA, S. [lal. tarar.tule, Fr.], 
 a kind of fpider, whofe bite is to be cured on- 
 ly by niuiic. 
 
 1 A'RDILY, Adv. flowly ; lazily ; Hoth- 
 fully. 
 
 TA'RDIXESS, S. nuggiftinefsj nowncls; 
 lazinefs ; guiltincfs, 
 
 TA'RDITY, S. (lownefs. 
 
 TA'RDY, .Adj. {tarJui, Lat. tardif, Fr.] 
 ilow, applied to motion. Shi"i'i*h, oi unwil- 
 ling to act or nuve; dilatory ; unwary j cri- 
 minal. 
 
 TARF, S. [tecnr., Belg,] a weed which 
 grows among corn. 
 
 TARE, b. [Kr.J the weight of any com- 
 mo<iityj an allowance made for weight of the 
 box, chelt, &c. in whivh any commodity is 
 cont.iined. 
 
 TARE, prctfr of Tear. 
 
 targe", or TA'RGET,S. \tarlan, Brit. 
 ti:rgc', S;ix. t^rgr, !tal. and Fr tnaigett ,E.vk\ 
 a kind of buckler kfs than a Ihield, worn for 
 defence on the left-arm. 
 
 TA'RGUr.I, S. [Hcb.] a pnriphrafc on 
 the pentatcuch, or five books of iMofes, wri- 
 ten in the Ch;;ldee lanonage, 
 
 TA'RIbF, S. [Fr.j a book of cuftoms ; a 
 bock of rates agreed on between princes or 
 Uates, afcertaiuing the dot es to belaid upon, 
 tiieincfptdlive nurelundiics when imported 
 into their donuHions. 
 
 TARN, S. a bog ; a fen ; a marfh. 
 
 To T.A'R.NISfJ, V. N, \te>mr, Fr.] to 
 fully by foil, or dimiiiilli brilhtucfs. Adivc- 
 ly, to lotc briglitiu ii. * 
 
 TARPA'WLING, S. a hempen cloth 
 hnearcd with tar ; a fnilor. 
 
 TA'RRIER, S [tirrc, Fr. the earth, 
 whence it fliould be written terrier] a fmall 
 Jog ufed in hunting a fox or otter, in their 
 holes. SeeTEiRiER. 
 
 To TA'RRY, V. N. \tarto. Run.] ta 
 continue in a place ; to delay, or be long in 
 coming. Aiftively, to expeil or wait for. 
 
 TART, Adj. [tmrt. Sax. taerti^, Belg.] 
 four, or Iharp of tafle ; keen or fevcre. 
 
 TA'RT, S. ftMte, tourte,Vr. tarta, Ital.]. 
 tihirt, Dan.] a fmall pie of fruit. 
 
 TA'RTLY, Adv. fourly; (liarply. 
 
 TA'RTNiilSS, S. the quulity of being
 
 T A S 
 
 Ibvu'to the tafte ; fnarpnefs, or quickncfs in" 
 
 i'pcech. 
 
 TA'RTANE, S. [tartana, Ital.]avefl.l 
 
 with one malt, and a tiiree corn«ed fail, u.cJ 
 
 in the McJi;errane:in. 
 
 TA'R FAR, S. [tarta'-.nr., Lat ] a kind of 
 
 white or rcddilh fubftance, like a hard (lone, 
 
 ■which flicks to wine oflis. 
 
 TARTa'REAN, Adj. [tartarcous, Lit.] 
 
 hellifh. 
 
 To TA'RTARIZE, V. A, to impregnate 
 
 with tartar. 
 
 TA'RTAR Y, Grfat, is a hrgc extcr.t 
 of country, making the third part of Alia, 
 being about 1 500 miles in length from PL. to 
 W.and 125 in breadth fr.m N. to S It is 
 feated between 35 and 53 degrees of N. lati- 
 tude. European Tartary, as well as Tartary 
 in Turkey, lies near the Black Sea, ani 
 Mufcovy Tartary is near the Cafpian iea 3 
 Afiatic Tartary, of which we are now fpeak- 
 ing is watered by five large rivers, which 
 ll-rve' fo determine the fitiiation of places 5 
 namely, the^Oby, the Volga or V/olga, the 
 Jenefca, the Lena, and the Amur. Ruflian 
 Tartary has no fixed bounds, but it miy he 
 
 near 1500 miles in length from K. to W. and vuihout mt-.dcration or difcreticn 
 750 in breadth fro.m N. to S. Cliincfe I ?r- j TA' T I'LE, S. infignificant and excelH/e 
 tary is feparated fiom China by a great wall, prate. 
 
 and is about 750 miles in extent. It is di- TATTO'O, ?. the be^t of a drum by 
 videdinto thceallern and weflerii ; and that 1 ••vhich folJicrs are callcJ to their uuarters,. 
 part of it near the wall is without inhabitants. 
 It was formerly fuppofedto be Cathay, whofe 
 
 T A W 
 
 Jo TASTE, V. A. \taji.r, Fr.] to- p«a- 
 ceive or difUnguiih by the palate j to try bj 
 the mouth; to eat in fmall >:iuantitics ; ta 
 feel or have a perception of. Ncuteily, to Sry 
 by thepala-e; to diltinguilh by the mind ; 10 
 re iifh or approve; to try the rtliili of any 
 thing; to have perception ; to enjoy fparijtg- 
 ly ; to convey to the organs of ta(te ; to affcct" 
 thc organs of taftc. 
 
 TASrE, S. the a<ft of trying by the 
 mouth ; the fenfe by which the relilh of any 
 tiling is received on the palate Figuratively^ 
 difcernment or relilh, applied to The mind. 
 An ellay or trial ; a fmall poitiun given as a 
 fpcfknen.. 
 
 'J'A'STELESS, Adj.caufingno fenfation 
 01 the palate; inlipid ; having no perccptvoa 
 •)i fymmetry, elegance, or decorum. 
 
 'I'o TA'TTER, V. A. [/■^/-rtw. Sax. tatrar^ 
 Run.] to tear to rags. 
 
 TA'TTER, S. a rag ; a fragment of any 
 thing torn. 
 
 TA'TIERDEMALION^ S. a ragged fol- 
 low. 
 
 To TATTLE, V. N. [taterc?,, Rclg.) to 
 ufe m;iny words without meaning ; to talk 
 
 capital was Caml).i!u, which is now well' 
 known to be Pekin. Independent Tartarv 
 comprehends all that part of it which belongs 
 neither to Rullia nor china; and iscompofed 
 of feveral kingdoms, namely, TurkcHan, Great 
 Bocharia, Little Bocharia, the kingdom of the 
 Calmiicks, and Tibet, or Thibet, or Boutan, 
 which is a large country, snd part of Tangut. 
 In general, the Tartars are a tubult people, 
 have a good confHtution, and capable of un- 
 dergoing hjrdfhips. They have broad faces, 
 fhort chins, large whilkers, and noies even 
 with their faces. They are dexterous in hand 
 ling their fabree, and Ihootingwith bows and 
 arrows. The men have no other bufhiefs 
 than that of going to war, and the women 
 take care of domellic affairs. They are pa- 
 gans ; and they have a pontifT called Daii 
 J^ama. 
 
 TASK, S. [tyjka. Run. tafche, Fr. c.7//i, 
 Ital.j fomething which is ordered to be done 
 by another ; an employment or bufinefs. To 
 Take to tajk, is to reprove, examine rigidly, or 
 reprimand. ' I 
 
 To TASK, V. A. \iafeu, Crit.] to order' 
 or command fomething to be done by a cer- 
 tain time. 
 
 TA'SSEL, S. [tajf', Fr.] an ornamental 
 bunch of fi!k, or glittering fubllance hanging 
 at, the end of a ftring ; alfo a male hawk. 
 
 TASbES, ii. armuur for the thicihs. 
 
 r.'V'VERN', S. [tai^erne, fr. taUina, Lat.j 
 a lioufe whci^ wine is fold. 
 
 TAUGHT, prefer and part, pallivc of 
 Teach. 
 
 'la TAUNT, V. A. [tiinfa; Fr. lam^c.-,, 
 Belg.J to reproach, mful*^, or tieat with iiHo- 
 lent contumely and upbraiding. 
 
 TAUNT, S. an in 'lilt or fcofT Amo-g 
 Mariners, a liip i;; faid to bs taunt n:af:cd\\hta, 
 her marts are too tall fjr her. 
 
 TAU'NflNG, Adj. reviling ; fcornliii ; 
 railing. 
 
 1 _ TAU'N TING LY, Adv. fcorr.fuily ; in as- 
 imperious and proud manner. 
 
 TAL'NTINGNESS, S. raillery; haugli- 
 tine(s ; praud and fcoi nful behaviour. 
 
 TAC'RlCORNOuS, Adj. [t^mncoxms, 
 Lat. ) haviae horns rcfembling a bull's. 
 
 TAU'RIFOKM, Adj. [tMnfoini:, Lat.] 
 having the (haps of a bull. 
 
 TAU'RUS, S. in Allronomy. the Bull ; 
 the fecond lign of the zodiac, which the fun- 
 enters ia April. 
 
 TAUTO'LOGY, S. [tauto/o^ie, Fr. ravrn 
 and Xoyta, Gr.j the repetition of the fame 
 word often : fometimes applied to. the repeti- 
 tion of the fam» fenie in different words. 
 
 To I AW, V. A. [toTven, Helg, taiulct:, 
 Sax. 1 to-drefs white or alluni leather. 
 
 TAW, S. a round marble beautifully co- 
 loured, ufed in play. 
 TA' W'DRlNEiS, S. tinfcl finery. 
 
 TA'WDRY^
 
 TEC 
 
 TA'WDRY, Adj. meanly fliowy ; fine 
 without grace or elegance. 
 
 TA'WNINESSj S. of a brown, or ytl- 
 lo'.vilh eoloiir, difcolourcd by the heat of the 
 
 lun. 
 
 TA'WNY, Adj. Itai:/. tanne, Fr.] yellow 
 like things tanned \ Am-burnt. 
 
 TAX, S. \tajg^ Belg. taxe, Fr. and Belg.] a 
 tribute implied ; an excife. A charge or cen- 
 fure ; from taxo, Lat. 
 
 To Tax, V. A. [tax;r, Fr.] to load with 
 excife or impofls \ to charge or accufe of fome 
 fault ; iifcd with of or with before thefjtilt ; 
 from taxo, Lat. 
 
 TAX.A'TION, S. theaft of loading with 
 taxes. Accufation ; fcEndal. 
 
 TEA, S. [Chin, t/.e, Fr. ] the leaf of a 
 Ihrub growing in {everal provinces ot China ; 
 
 T E M 
 
 To TED, V. A. {feaJ^n, Sax.] to lay 
 grafs newly mown into rows. 
 
 TL'DDtR, or TE'THER, S. [tiMc; 
 Belg. tcdt, Ifl. lighii; Erfc] a rope by which 
 a horfc is tied in the fitld to prevent his 
 parturing too widely. Figuratively, any thing 
 by which a ptrfon is reftrained. 
 
 TE'DEUM, S. [we praife the Lord !] a 
 hymn of thankfgiving, ufedin the church up- 
 on fc'cmn occafions, fo called from the two 
 firft words in tlie Latin. 
 
 TE'DiOUS, Adj. [tedieux, Fr. fedlifus, 
 Lat.] oicafioning wcarinefs and trouble by 
 its continuance or length. 
 
 TE DIOUSLY, Adv. performing any thing 
 in a llow and irkfome HKinner. 
 
 TE'DIOUSNESS, S. that which renders 
 any thing difagreeable by the too long time 
 
 the ho uor made by infufing tea in boiling i fpent in performing it 
 
 ^atcr/ To TEEM, V. N. [uam, Sax.] to bring 
 
 To TEACH, V. A. [prefer and'part. paf- young ; to produce plentifully. Figuratively, 
 five taua-ht ; rtvww, Sas, prefer taf.u] to in- j to be full or charged with, like an animal 
 liruct or inform ; to deliver any thing to be ; that is pregnant. Actively, to briHg forth or 
 learned; to tell, or give intelligence. Neu- j produce. To pour ; from ro;;;?Kcn, Dan. a low 
 terly, to perform the office of an inllraiflor. w'ord, but ftill retained by the Scots, and ufcd 
 
 TE'ACHABLF, Adj. capable of being | by Swift. " TVtvn the remainder." D'tieEl. 
 tauf'ht or inftrucled. 
 
 TEAGUE, S. a contemptuous name for 
 an Irilhman. 
 
 TEAL, S. [teilingh, Eelg.J a fmall wild 
 fowl. 
 
 TEAM, S. [tcmc, Lat. tyir.e. Sax.] a num- 
 ber of hcrfes, oxen, or other beaft drawing 
 the fiime carriage at once j any number pal- 
 fing in a line, 
 
 TE.'^R, S. [pronounced te/r; from tar. 
 Run. tear. Sax.] tlie water whicii flows foom 
 the eyes ; any moifture trickling in drops. 
 
 TEAR, S. [pronounced tare ; from the 
 verb] a rent or ftfiiirc 
 
 To TFl-^R, V. A. [pronounced tere, pre- 
 ter tore, formerly /tfrf, part, pailive torn from 
 
 TEE'MING, Adj. fruitful ; frequently 
 pregnant. 
 
 TEEN, S. [tinan, Sax. tencn, Flem.] for- 
 row ; grief. Obfolete. 
 
 TEbNS, S. [from t)n. Sax.] the years 
 which are reckoned by the addition ®( ten j ay 
 thirteen, fourtea:, &C. 
 
 TEETH, the plural of Tooth. 
 
 TE'GUiMENT, S. [tcgumcnium, Lat.] the 
 cover or outward part. 
 
 To TEH- HE, V. N. to laugh, to titter. 
 
 TEINT, S. [Fr.] colour, or touch of the 
 pencil. 
 
 TE'LESCOPE.S. [Fr. ti\5?, and <rx»7r£», 
 Gr.] a long tube fitted with gLUes, through 
 
 taran, Sax. tara, Swed.J to pull any woven whicjj diltant objeif^ts are vieued. 
 Jhitfinto pieces or t.uters : to wound with | To Tf:LL, V. A. [pretcr and part, pallive 
 the nail, or any fharp pointed inllrument U<;/''; teilan, S.ix.] to utter, or cxperfs by 
 drawn along; to break, divide, or Ihatter by [words j to relate or fpcak ; to teach or in- 
 ■violence ; to pluck violently ; to take away | form ; to difcover ; to count or number ; to 
 Ly fadden force. Neuteriy, to rave or rant | make excufes. " Never tell me." SLak. 
 like a madrnan ; from tkrcn, Belg. Ncutcrly, to give out. To tell on, is to in- 
 
 To TEASE, V. A. [tajar, Sa'x.] to comb] form oK 
 or unraval wool or flax ; to fcratch cloth to j TE'LLER, S. an officer in the Exchequer, 
 level the nap ; to torment or vex with alFidu- who is employed in receiving and paying all 
 ous impertinence. | the monies on the king's account. They arc 
 
 TEAT, S. \teihy Brit, tit. Sax. tette, Belg. jfour in number. 
 tete, Fr.] the pap of a woman : at prefent ap- TELL-TALE, S. one who gives informa- 
 plicd only tothe dugs of beafts. i tion of what another fays or docs, cither 
 
 TE'CHNICAL, ^dj. [T£;^iixof, Gr.] be-j through officioufncfs or malice, 
 longing to the arts. | TEMERA'RIOUS, Adj. ralh ; indifcrcet- 
 
 TECHNO'LOGY, %. \teebr.ologia, l^it.y,\^ he^M. 
 a defcription of the mechanic arts. I TEINIE'RITY, S. [ffwoi/^jj, Lat.] unrca- 
 
 TE'CHY, Adj. fi-oward cr pecvifh. fonable contempt of daBgcr ; ralhnefs. 
 
 TE'CrONIC.K, Adj. belonging to build- To TE'MPER,V. A. [tempcro, Lat. rr;r- 
 ing. \p('cr, Fr.] to mix j[(3 as one part may ^alify
 
 T E M 
 
 TEN 
 
 er fct the other out to advantage ; to mix or I To TE'i\'PORIZE, V. N. \trn:l>or:Jer, 
 mingle; toaccommo^l.ite j to Ibttcn, footh, or Fr.] '. o delay or put off to anoiher time ; to 
 aduige : to linm or reduce metals to a proper comply with the times ©r occufions. 
 dcgicc ot" l.-.aiaHers I TKMPORI'ZER, S. one ilidt ciiangcs his 
 
 TK'MPtR, S. a due and juft mixtnreotj princlpki purely to comply with limes and 
 contrary cjiialiiies; the middle coiirfe j a dif- occaiions ; a word of reproach, 
 polition or confluutionul frame of mind ; j To TExVIPT, V. A. [tcntoy Lat. tenter. Fr.] 
 calmncfs i the Kate o' hardncis to which any i to endeavour to feduce or draw a perlbn to do 
 metal is rtduccd. | ill, I'y prefcnting fome pleafiire to the mind; 
 
 TE'MPERAMtNT, S. [Fr. tCKperamcn- Ito provoke; to foUicic ; to try. 
 turn. Lat.] (tate with rctpcft to the prcdomi- TtMPTA'TlON, S. \tevtathn., Fr.] (he 
 nance of any quality ; due mixture of oppo- adl of endeavouring todraw to the commilhim 
 fiicJ ; the habitude, or natural conltitiition of lof ill, by offering forne iteming advantage ; 
 the body. Ian enticement ; the (late ot u perfon follicit- 
 
 Tt'MPfclR-ANCE, S. [^tcKperantia, Lat.]!cd by the appearance of prefcnt plcafures or 
 
 moderation in eating and drinking ; reflraint 
 of artedions or paflions. 
 
 Tii'AIPEaATE., Adj. \temitratus, Lat.] 
 abftiining from excefs in eating or drinking ; 
 moderate is degree of any quality or purtion. 
 
 TP:'MPERATENESS, S. freedom from 
 cxcefles. Calmnefs ; coolnefs. 
 
 7 R'MPERA t URE, S. [Fr.J conftitution 
 or degree of any quality; due ballance of 
 
 advantages to the commiiiion of Tome crime 
 or fault. 
 
 TE'MPTER, S. [tentatcur, Fr.] one who 
 fcdnces or enticcj to thecommi'Iion of any ill; 
 the devil who tempted our Saviour. 
 
 TEMPTINGLY, Adv. in a fcdueing, al- 
 luring, or provoking manner. 
 
 TE'MPIiNGNES.S, S. the quality of a 
 thing which renders itiJiccbjcdf of our wifhcs 
 
 contraries j freedom from any predominant or defires. 
 
 paflion. TE'MULFNCY, S. [temuumld, Lat.] inc- 
 
 TE'MPEST, S. [tempefle,Yr.tcmfeJla!,l^it.\\ briation; djunkennefs. 
 the utmoU violence of the v^ind, whole ieveral ' TEN, Ad), [t^ihun, Goth, ty:. Sax. i';, 
 degrees are thus marked by Johnfon ; z' tun, ^un. tan, Belg. t/.yjn, Precap. dcf.jty 
 breeze; a gale ; a gnft ; a ftorm ; a tempeft. KuH. dtfet, drfyr, Sclav, b.ilm. and Boh. tyz„ 
 A continued Itorm at fca J any tumult or vio- Hung. riT/f, Arm.] twkc five, or nine ani 
 
 lent commotion. 
 
 To TE'MPEST, V. A. to difturb as by a 
 tempeft. 
 
 TEMPESTI'VITY, S.[Lat.] feafonablc- 
 nefs. 
 
 TEMPE'.STUOUS, Adj. [tcn:peftucux, Fr.] 
 
 TE'NABLE, Adj. [Fr. | fuch as may be 
 maintained or held againft oppodtion or at- 
 tacks. 
 
 TENA'CIOUS,'Adj [t-nax tenaeis, Lat.] 
 grafping hard j unwilling to part with. Re- 
 
 ftormy ; difturbed by furious blaftsof winds,! tentive, or not forgetful, applied to the me- 
 
 «r violent rage of paflions. 
 
 TEMPESrU'OUSLY, Adv. furioufly ; 
 outrageoully ; bo.fferoully. 
 
 TEMPESVU'OUSNESS, S. ftorminefs; 
 autrageoufnefs ; boifteronfnefs. 
 
 TE'MPLAR, S. [from the Temple, bor- 
 
 mory. Covetous; Itrongly adhering to prin- 
 ciples, notwithUaiiding reai'ons for the con- 
 trary. 
 
 TENA'CIOUSLY, Adv. clofely 5 obfil- 
 nately ; niggardly. 
 
 TENA'CIOUSNESS, S. ftiffnefs in opi- 
 
 deringoa the Thames, anciently belonging jnion ; clofcnefs ; covetoufnefs 
 
 to the fociety of knights tempers] a lludciit in 
 law belonging to the Temple. 
 
 TE'MPLE, S. [Fr. tcn-.plum, Lat.] a place 
 ftt apart for religious worlhip. The upper 
 part of the fides of the head j from tempora, 
 Lat. 
 
 TE'MPLET, S. a piece of timber placed 
 under the gLders of a building. 
 
 TE'MPORAL, Adj. [temporel, Fr.] mea- 
 fiired by time, oppofed to eternal. Secular, 
 oppofed to ecclefiaflical. Confined to our pre- 
 fcnt e.xiflence in this world, oppofed to i'pi- 
 ritual. Placed at the temples 3 from tempera, 
 Lat. 
 
 T&'MPORALTY, S. the laity, oppofed 
 to tie clergy. Secular pofleflions, oppofed to 
 thole belonging to the church. 
 
 TE'MPORARY, Adj. [temf,ui tmporh, 
 Lat..] lafting only fgr a limitsJ time. 
 
 TENA'CITY, S. ffiffnefs of opinion ; 
 niggardlinefs. Among Phylicians, that pro- 
 perty in vifcous fubftauces> by which they 
 adhere togetlier, 
 
 TE'NANr, S. [Fr] one that holds of 
 another ; one that dwells in the houfe of 
 another for rent. 
 
 TE'NANTABLE, Adj. fit to be dwelt 
 in. 
 
 TENCH, S. a delicious frelh-water fifh. 
 
 To TEND, V. A. contradled from ^t- 
 ter.d'] to watch, guard, attend, or be attentive 
 to. Neuteriy, to wait or expcjift ; to move to- 
 wards a certain point or place ; from t::!do, La' .. 
 To be direded to any end or purpoie ; to aim 
 at ; from tc::dr{, Fr. To attend as loaieihin^ 
 iafeperable. 
 
 TE'NDENCE, or TE'NDENCY, S. di- 
 redli^n or courfe tswards any rUce ovohjeft^ 
 
 djitt
 
 TEN 
 
 T E R 
 
 «lrift oi- aim towards any confequcncc or in- 1 Grammar, a variation of a veib to fi^ify tfic 
 
 Icrcnce. 
 
 TE'NDER, Adj. [tyurr, Brit. toM, Fr. 
 tentr, Lat.] eafily impreOeo', injured, or pain- 
 ed ; delicate or effeminate ; exciting benevo- 
 lence or fympatliy^ companionate j fufceptiblc 
 ot" the lot'ter paflions j amorous or lafcivions ; 
 
 time in which any action is done. In Engirih 
 we hiVe properly but two tenfes, (', e. the pre- 
 fcnt, and the p'.eterpcrfefl, the verb being 
 only varied in the latter; but in order to cx- 
 prefs the other times wc make ufe of the 
 auxiliary verbs hat-e and had to exprefs the 
 
 cxpreflive of love ; young; eafily torn, bitten, ipretcr and prcterpluperfcft, and JJjjII and ivill 
 ur o'i\iti\eii. to fignify the future indicative; and in this 
 
 To TE'NDER, V. A. f ?w^rf, Fr.] to of- refped wc fcem to imitate the S.ixons, who 
 fer or prefent for acceptance; to hold or i make ufe of /•^jf'/^? and hepfod for the per ft{\ 
 efteem ; to regard w thcareor tendtrnefs; the and pluperfect, &n6fceal and loil for the fu- 
 laft fcn.fe fcems obfolete. jture. 
 
 TE'NDER, S. an ofTer, or prefentaiion of TE'NSENESS, S. contraftion 
 
 any thinj; for accfptunce; rej^ird,ur kind con- 
 cern ; a fmall Ihip attending a larger. 
 
 TE'NDER-HEARTEU, Adj. eafily af- 
 fisfieJ with the dilhefs of others. 
 
 TL'NDERI.Y, Adv. gently; foftly ; kind- 
 ly j in an afTcc'tionatc and delicate man- 
 ner. 
 
 the oppo- 
 capable of being cx- 
 
 fitc to laxity. 
 
 TEKSILE, Adj. 
 tended. 
 
 TF.'NSION, S. \t!nfus,\.9.t.'\ the ad of 
 Rretching, or Ihtc of being (Iretched. 
 
 TtN 1 , S. \teme, Fr. fiittoriurr, Lat.] a 
 temporary lodging place for a foldier, forrfied 
 
 TF/NDERNESS, S. \tc>idir/fe, Fr. taiciitas, iof c.iiivas (Irctchcd upon poles ; a pavilion ; a 
 Lat,] foftnefs ; delicacy ; indulgence ; kind- i roll of lint put into afore from itnti; Fr. 
 uefs; nicenefs of confcitnce J eafiiicfs of be- 
 ing broke, bit, or digefled. 
 
 TE'NDINOUS, Adj. [tendineux, Fr.] full 
 of tendons. 
 
 iE'NUON, S. [tendo, Lat.] a finew; a 
 ligature by which the jonts arc moved. 
 
 '^TE'ND R I L, S ( nrJnlkn, Fr. J the young 
 flioot or twig of a tr^e ; a griilic 
 
 TE'NEBK.^., or TE'NEBRES, S. a fcr- 
 vice in the Romilhcliurch pertormtd on Wcd- 
 nefday, Thurfday, and Friday before Eader, 
 in commemorauon of Chrilt's agony in the 
 garden. 
 
 I ENEPROSITY, S. [tcn.lrcf.tas^ Lat.] 
 obfcuiity : darkncfs. 
 
 TENEBROUS, Adj. dark; obfcure ; 
 gloomy. 
 
 TE'NEMENT, S, [Fr,] any dwelling held 
 by a rer.ar.t. 
 
 TENE'S1\TUS, S. [Lat.] a violent incli- 
 nation to go to (tool, without being able to 
 evacuate. 
 
 TE'NET, S. [from tevct, Lat. he holds; 
 Jbmcti^nes it is written tcacnt, which in Latin 
 
 \ fptcies of wine of a deep red, imported 
 Irom Gallicia in Spain; from I'ino timo. 
 Span. 
 
 To TENT, V. A. to put a roll of lint 
 into a fore. Figuratively, to fcarch to the 
 vjuick. 
 
 TENTA'TION, S, trial; temptation. 
 
 TENTATFVE^ Adj. attempting 5 eflay- 
 ing. 
 
 rE'NTER, S. [tei:tu:,\zx.] a hcok on 
 which any thing is llretched. To te on lie 
 lerrtis, is to be on the fhcich ; to be in fuf- 
 pence, or in difficulties. 
 
 TENTH, Adj. \teotlja, Sax ] the revt after 
 the ninth ; the ordin.ilof ten. Subrt.mtivcly, 
 tlie tenth part, tythe, or that portion whicli 
 all ecclcfuftical livings pay to t!ic king. 
 
 TE'NTHLY, Adv. in tliettn.h place. 
 
 lENTIGrNOUS, Adj. [Lat.J nifTj 
 rtrct-ched. 
 
 TENU'ITY, S. [tsnuitc, Fr. tenunas, Lat.] 
 thinnefs; [lendernel*. 
 
 TE'NUOUS, Adj. thin ; fmall. 
 
 TE'NLRE, S I Fr. m^o, Lat.] the irian- 
 
 lignifics, tliey hold] an opinion, pofirion, or 1 ner whereby tenements are holden of their 
 
 principle. 
 
 TE'aNIS, S. [fuppofed by Skinner, to be 
 derived from tencz, Fr. flop > ufed by the 
 French when they hit the ball] a play in 
 vihich a ball is flruk by a racket, 
 
 TE'NON, S. f Fr.] the end of one piece 
 of timber cut to be fitted into another. 
 
 TE'NOR, S. [laieMr, Fr. nmr, Eat.] con- 
 tinuation of (tatc; general currency; fenfe 
 contained, or the general courfe and drift of a 
 difcourfe. In Miific, the mean or middle 
 part, between the treble and the bafs. In 
 Law, the fubftance, or true intent and mean- 
 ing of a writing. 
 
 "tEN.se, Adj. [ififus, Lat.] flretched. 
 
 TENSE, S. um/>s, £t, temjus^ Lat.J in 
 
 lords. 
 
 TEMPEFAC'TION, S. theaa of heating 
 or making warm. 
 
 TE'FID, Adj. [tcpldus, Lat.] lukc-warm ; 
 indifferent. 
 
 TEPIDITY, S. luke-warmnefsj iiidif- 
 ference. 
 
 TE'POR, S. [Lit.] gentle warmth. 
 
 TER.lTO'LOGY. S. |Gr.]bombaft, 
 
 TERCE, S. \:lerce, Fr. tner.:, Laf.] a 
 veflel containing the third of a butt or pipc> 
 or forty-two wine gallons. 
 
 TEREBI'NTHIKATE, or TEREBl'N- 
 THINE, Adj. \_tirebt>iti.'.i:c, Fr. teiebinrluiK, 
 Lat.J confining of turpeuline, 
 
 a TEB.KB«.A-
 
 T E R 
 
 TFREBRA'TION, S. the aft of boring, 
 !»r piercing. 
 
 To TRREBRA'TE. V. A. [terebro, Lat.] 
 to bore ; to perforate. 
 
 To TERGIVERSATE, V. A. f tnji- 
 ijofer, Ft. tergiverfatunty Lat.] to (huflic; to 
 quibble. , 
 
 TERGIVERS.^'TION, S. tlie a£l of 
 fiiuffling or quibbling in an argument. 
 
 TlRM, S. [tcmwus, Lat.] a limit or 
 boundary ; a word by which any thing is cx- 
 prclTed ; a condition ; a limited time, or the 
 time for which any thing lalls. In Law, 
 the lime in which the tribunals or phce.s of 
 judgment arc opened for perfons to feek their 
 right by coiufc of law and aftion. There arc 
 four in the year. In the Univcrfity, that 
 fpacc of time when the fchools are opened, 
 and the exercifcss for degrees arc performed, 
 the intervals between which are called va- 
 jcations. 
 
 To TERM, V. A. to call or name. 
 
 TE'RMAGANT, Adj. turbulent j tu 
 jnultuous ; fcoiding, or quarrelfome. 
 
 TE'RMAGANT, S. a fwld. 
 
 To TE'RMl.MATE, V. A. [tcrminatuu 
 Lat.] to bound, limi% or put an end to. N'eu 
 tarly, to he limited, or end. To attain its 
 end, ufcd with in. 
 
 TERMINATION, S. the aft of limiting 
 or bannJing ; a bound ot limit, an end or 
 (conclufion. In Grammar, the end ot a word 5 
 from tcrminatir, Lat. lernunaifcn, Fr. 
 
 TE'RRACE, S. [frr/aaia, Ital.] a fmall 
 mount, or fpot of elevated earth covered with 
 gravel or grafs ; the fiat roof of a lioufe. 
 
 TERRA'QUEOUS, Adj. [una, Lat. and 
 djua, Lat.] confining of land and water. 
 
 TERRE'NE, Adj. [/.r;«w, Lat.] earthly. 
 
 TERRE'STRIAL, Adj. [ tenrflre, Fr. 
 terrejiih, Lat. J earthly; belonging to the 
 earth. 
 
 TE'RRIBLE, Adj. dreadful ; frightful. 
 
 TE'RRIBLENESS, S. frightfulnefs ; 
 dre:idfnlncis. 
 
 TERRl'BILITY, S. {terrihilitas, Lat.] ap- 
 pearance \\ hich creates great fear or dread. 
 
 TE'RRIBLY, Adv. dreadfully; fright- 
 fulfy. 
 
 TE'RRIER, S. [Fr.] a dog that follows 
 his game under ground ; a furvey or regifter 
 of land ; an auger or borer ; from terclro, 
 Lat. 
 
 TERRFFIC, Adj. [terrifais, Lat.]caufing 
 terror. 
 
 To TE'RRIFY, V. A. to affeft with ter- 
 ror; to make afraid. 
 
 TE'RRITORY, S. [territoire, Fr,] land j 
 a country or dominion. 
 
 TE'RROR, S. [urreur, Fr. terror, Lat.] 
 fearcaufed by til e fight or apprchenfionof fome 
 dangerous objeft ; the caule of fear. 
 
 TERRU'LENCY, S. [urruitmia, Lat.] 
 (artbineis, 
 
 T E T 
 
 TERRU'LENT, Adj. [terruju^s, Lat.l 
 full of earth. ' 
 
 TERSE, Adj. [ uro, Fr, terfus, Lat.7 
 fmooth, applied to Airfacc. Harmonioully 
 elegant, without pompoufnefs, applied ta 
 rtylc. 
 
 TE'RTIAN, S. [ tertlana, Lat.] an .igiic 
 intermitting one day, and having two fits in 
 three days. 
 
 TE'SS ELATED, Adj. [ tcJela,-Lit.] va- 
 riegatcd by fquares, 
 
 TEST, S. [Fr. /<-/7<j, Lat.] the cupel by 
 which refiners try their metals. Figuratively, 
 trial, or examination ; the means of trial j 
 that with which anything is compared as a 
 ftandard 5 judgment or dilHn<f\ion. 
 
 TKSTA'CEOUS, A^]. \tej}r.ccu:, Lat.) 
 confiding or made of fhclls ; having continu- 
 ous fliells. 
 
 TE'STAMENT, S. \t,-jinm-i,tum, Lat.] a 
 will »r writing by which a pcrfon's podcflions 
 are difpoicj of after his death ; tlic name ap- 
 plied to each of the volumes of thcficrcdfcri- 
 tures. 
 
 TES T A'MENTARY, t<i:y{ieftan:entayh^, 
 Lat. J belonging to a will or tcUamest ; ia 
 i!ie manner of a tcftament. 
 
 TK'.STATF, Adj. \tcptui, Lat.] having 
 made a will. 
 
 TESTA'TOR, S. \uftateur, Fr.] a man 
 who makes or leaves a will. 
 
 TESTATRIX, S. [Lat.] a woman wli» 
 leaves a will. 
 
 TE'STER, S ['#, nxt'tte, Fr. this coin 
 being probably didinguiflicd by the head 
 ftamped upon it] a filvercoin valued at fix- 
 pence ; the head or cover of a bed. 
 
 TE'STICLE, S. [ tcfiicule, Fr. teftUulu^, 
 Lat.] the organs of feed in animals. 
 
 TE'STICULAR, Adj. belonging to the 
 tcQides. 
 
 To TE'STIFY, V. N. {tefi\Jicor, Lat.] to 
 witnefs, prove, or give evidence. Aftively, 
 to w itnefs or give evidence of any point. 
 
 TESTIRIO'NIAL, S. [Fr. ufiomonhm. 
 Lat. J a writing wherein a perfon's chara^tr 
 is Aipported by thofe who fubfcribe ir, anJ 
 which is produced by a perfou in his own fa- 
 vour. 
 
 TE'STIMONY, S. {teftlmomnm, Lat.] 
 evidence or proof j an open atteftation or pto- 
 feiTion. 
 
 TESTI'LY, Adv. peevifiily ; fretfully. 
 TESTI'XESS, S. peeviflinefs ; fretful- 
 nefs. 
 
 TE'STY. Adj. [r,;7jr</o, Ital.] fretful ; in- 
 clined to anger. 
 
 TE'TCHY, Adj. a corruption of tefiy, or 
 touchy. 
 
 TETE a TETE, S. [Fr.J cheek by jowl; 
 
 clofeand familiar cenveiTe or correfpondencc. 
 
 TETHER, S. See Tedder. 
 
 TETRARCH, S. {utrarcha, Lat,] a per- 
 
 fon goviraipj; the foujtb part of a province, 
 
 TfciT84^RCHy,
 
 T H A 
 
 TILTRA'RCHY, S. [utrarchla, Lal.]lhe 
 iuiirvi.<!lion of a tii.rarch. 
 
 IfcTRA'STJCK, S. [r£Tfla?-'X'v> G""-] ^" 
 epij;ram compoild of four verics. 
 'l liTRJ'CEfY, S. [tetrkiiat, Lat.] furli- 
 ncfs of countenance ; Icventy ; harltiDcfs. 
 
 T£'iT£R, S. [tcter, Sax.j a Icab, or ring- 
 worm. 
 
 TEXT, S. [texte, Fr. tcxrus, Lat.] that on 
 v.liich a comincnt is writicn i a feiitfnce of | 
 jciipture, {o c.-.lleti bccaule written in ancient ! 
 manufcripts in text, or a larger hand than I 
 »Ue notes, which were written in i'mail cha- | 
 ra/lers. " | 
 
 TK'XIUARY, S. [texfuaire, Fr.] one 
 \vi)o is fo well vcrlcd in fciiptiire, as to be 
 reiidy in producing texts in his favour ; a book' 
 which contains only the text, witiiout any 
 foniments upon it. 
 
 TE'XIURE, S. [iextus, Lat.]theaaof 
 ivcavingwith icfpcifl to form, niatler, or flutlj 
 difpolition or combination of parts. 
 
 THAN, Adv. [thuuc. Sax.] a particle ufed 
 aftcra comparative adjeftive, and placed before 
 a thing rcmpared. 
 
 'IIIANE, S. [ih(gn. Sax.] an old title of 
 honour, equivalent to a baron. 
 
 To THANK, V. A. \thanchn. Sax. djr.c- 
 ien, Belg. thanken, Teut. tb.iika, 111 J to ac- 
 knowledge and exprefs obligition fo4- favours 
 received. 
 
 THAN'KFUL, Adj. grateful ; ready to 
 acknowledge a favour or obligation., 
 
 TH.-^'n'KFULLY, Adv. gratefully ; in a 
 manner fhat acknowledges a favour received. 
 
 THA'NK^LNKSS, S. acknowledoment 
 of a favour received. 
 
 THANKS, S. [fcldom nfed in the fingu- 
 lar ; th. rkas. Sax. tiuacke, Belg.] a verbal iC- 
 knowlcdgment of a favour received ; diftin- 
 juiflied from n'rati^w.'e, which confifts in a 
 deeplenfeof aravour received, ard a (trong in- 
 clinatioa lo repay, or an actual repayment 
 of it. 
 
 THANKSGI'VING, S. that put of di- 
 vine worlhip wherein v^c acknowledge bencSis 
 TCCeived. 
 
 THAT, Pron, [thata, Goth, that, ncut. 
 of tils. Sax. dat, Belg. thad, Ifl.] the other, 
 pppol'ed to .'<'.■; ; which, when applied to 
 fomething going before ; w ho, applied to fome 
 pcifon nieniioned before. Sometimes it is 
 ufed indead of a whole fentence going before, 
 to fave a repetition of the fame words. Fol- 
 iowed by j"j, fuch as; that which; the; 
 what was then prefcnt. Sometimes it is 
 iifed to exprefs eminence. AVhen thh and 
 that relate to foregoing words, tlh is re- 
 ferred to the latter, ?mA that to tlic former. 
 Jn that, is an adverbial expreflion for, as 
 being. 
 
 THAT, Corj. becaufe. Sometimes it is 
 jifed to exprefs a coiifcciuence, indication, or 
 ^nal enc.. 
 
 T n E 
 
 THATCH, S. [:!.^ce. Sax. dak, Ifl.] ftraw 
 laid as a covering on the top of a hoiili;. 
 
 To THaI'CH, V. A. ['.hafciaii, Sax.j to 
 (Tovcr a Poof with flraw. 
 
 To THAW, V. N. [tho'zv.jn, SzY..ad ibid- 
 nar, lil. dcgc-r, Belg. J to melt after being 
 frozen. Aiflively, to melt any thing frozen. 
 
 TflAW, S. the fVate of a thing which melts 
 after having been frozen. "" 
 
 THK, AVticlc, [Jc,fco, Sax. de, Btlg,] the 
 article d'lioflng a pariicuLr thing : when it 
 is ufed before an adjtftive, it fignifies collec- 
 tion or many, as the good ; the righteous : 
 it generally occurs before nouns in the plural 
 number: in veife, v^h'en it comes befbre a 
 vowel, the r. is fometimes cut off. " Th' 
 " adorning thee." CoiuLy. Before a parti- 
 ciple of the prefent tcnfe, it fhows that it 
 is ufed as a fublbntive: when it comes before 
 ether, the/j and e are bcih fometimes cut ofFj 
 as toother. 
 
 THK'ATRE, S. [Fr. tleatrvm, Lat.] a 
 play-houfe ; a place riling by Iteps like a 
 ItafC. 
 
 THEATRIC, or THEATRICAL, Adj. 
 becoming a play-houfe ; belonging to the 
 flage. 
 
 THEE, the oblique cafe lingular of thcu ; 
 from the. Sax. the oblique cafe of //!>;/, Sax. 
 
 THEFT, S. [deofde. Sax. J the ad of felo- 
 nioufly and unlawfully taking away another 
 perfon's goods : Healing. 
 
 THEI-T-BOTE, S, in Law, the abetting 
 a thief, by receiving the goods that he 
 Heals. 
 
 THEIR, S, ["pronounced thare ; theora. 
 Sax. ] them ; in their poircflion ; belonging 
 to them. Ttcir: is ufed wben any thing comes 
 between it and its lubilantive. 
 
 1 HEM, the oblique cafe of they ; from 
 him, dative plural of he. Sax. 
 
 THE.VJE, S. a fubjeft on which a perfon 
 fpeak; or writes; a fhort efTay on any fubjed; 
 the original word whence others are de- 
 rived. 
 
 THE'MSELVES, Pron. [the plural oihim 
 and/cT] thofevery perfons. 
 
 THEN, Adv. [than, Goth, and Sax. (^i/iT, 
 Belg.) at that time ; afterwards, or imme- 
 diately after any a(ftion mentioned ; therefore, 
 or for this reafon. No^v ard then, at firft 
 and afterwards. That time, when ufed after 
 till. 
 
 THENCE, S. from that place or time ; for 
 that reafon. Though fom'^timcs it is ufed 
 with from, yet the addition of that word is 
 both fuperfluous and barbarous. 
 
 THENCEFO'RTH, Adv. from that time. 
 It fhould not be ufed \v\\.\\Jrom. 
 
 THENCEFO'RWARD, Adv. on or from 
 that time. 
 
 THEO'CRACY, S. {thcDcreitie, Fr. &t®* 
 and xpoleaj, Gr.] a government in which God 
 is confidered as the monarch or fovereign. 
 
 THEODOLITE,
 
 T H I 
 
 THRvODCVLlTE, S. an Inftiument iifed i 
 in finvcjing land, and taking heiglus and 
 difbances. 
 
 THKOLO'GIAN, S. [theo/gkii, Yi: theo- 
 .'c^us, Lat. QisXoy'B', Gr.J a profcjlbr of di- 
 vinity ; a divine. 
 
 THKOLO'GICAL, Adj. [fheglogia/s, Lat.] 
 belonging to divinity J divine. " 
 
 THEO'LOGY, S. [th^dogh; Fr. emXoytn, 
 of fls©* and Xo).'§><, Gr.j divinity; a faience 
 whicli teaclies the knowledge of God and 
 divine things. 
 
 THEOiMA'NXY, S. fflso^a-mia, Gr.] a 
 kind of divination by calling on ilie name of 
 God. 
 
 THEO'RBO, S. ir,orI>a, Ital. niork, Fr.] 
 a large lute ufcd in playing u thorough bals. 
 
 THE'ORF.M, S. [Fr.' be!»fr,ua, Gr.] a 
 propofition laid down as an acknowledged 
 truth. 
 
 THEO'RICAL, Adj. [thori^w, Fr.] be. 
 longing to theory ; fpeculative. 
 
 THKO'RIS r, S. one who forms or main- 
 tains a particular tiieory ; one /killed in fpe- 
 culation, hut not in pra<flice. 
 
 THK'ORY, S. \tf.Hone, Fr.] fpscuiatlon, 
 oppofed to pra^'^icc ; a fyllem or plan. 
 
 THERAPE'UriC, Adj. [iifanEv~ix'S>',] 
 Gr.] curing difeafes. 
 
 THERE, Adv. [thar, Goth, fhaer, Sax. 
 dacr, Belg. ihr. Dan.] in that place, oppofed 
 to here; an exclamation demanding fome- 
 thing at a diftance. At tlie beginning of a 
 fentence, it generally caufes tiie nomin.uive 
 cafe to be placed after the verb, and is bor- 
 rowed from /■/ y a, Fr. in compofition, it 
 means fi)«r. 
 
 THE'REABOUT, orTHE'REABOUTS, 
 Adv. near that place, number, tjumtity, or 
 fta-e; concerning that matter. 
 
 THE'REAT, Adv. on that account; at 
 that place. 
 
 THE'REAFTER, Adv. after a thing 
 happened. 
 
 THE'REBY, Adv. for that reafonj by 
 that. 
 
 THE'REFORE, Adv. for that ; for this 
 reafon ; confcqu'ntly. 
 
 THERIVIO'METER, S. [ther»:cti:et>e,Tr. 
 ^isfA©^, and [AiTpov, Gr.] an inQrument for 
 Bicnfuring the degree of heat. 
 
 THESE, pron. plural of 7'Lis. When op- 
 pofed to rhaj'r, theje relates to the perfons or 
 things laft mentioned, and thcfe to the firft. 
 
 THE'SIS, S. [Gr.] a pofiticn ; a fubje^ 
 to dispute npon; a propofition to be advanced, 
 and to be proved. 
 
 THEU'RGY, S. the power of doing fu- 
 pcrnatural things by lawful means. 
 
 THEY, in the oblique cafe tuem ; the plu- 
 ral oi he and (he, 
 
 THICK, Adj. [thkct, SaK. thkkun, III 
 dkk, Belg. dy:k, Dan.] the oppolite of thin ; 
 §rw& or dt^ii. GrcuC in circumference, op- 
 
 T H I 
 
 pofsd to flender. Muddy, or no* tranfparenfi 
 appiitfd to liquors. Frequent, or in quick 
 fuccefTion ; clofe or cro.vdcd ; coarle. With- 
 out articulatcnefs, applied to fpeech. 
 
 THICK, S. th:4t p-irt or time where a thing 
 is thickert. Tkkk and thin, notwithltandin^ 
 any obftacles, or inconveniencics. 
 
 To THICKEN, V.N. to make thick o« 
 clofe ; to cdndenfe ; to Ifrengthen ; to make 
 clofe or numerous. Neuterly . to grow thick, 
 denfc, muddy, clofe, or numerous. 
 
 THI'CKET, .S. {thkctu, Sajf. I a clofe 
 knot, or tuft of trees ; a place fet thick with 
 bullies, 
 
 THl'CKLY, Adv. clofcly. 
 
 THI'CKNESS, S. the oppofitc of thin- 
 ncfs; clofenefsj largcnefs in circumferencej 
 groflncf';. 
 
 THIEF, S. [■p!ur.ilf/;;V7/«; thruh, Goth. 
 tl'kf. Sax. d'uf, i'elg.] one wlio privately 
 takes away the property of another ; an ex- 
 crcfct-nce in thefnuff of a candle, which, if 
 negleiftcd, would fiion confume it. 
 
 'lo THIEVE, V. N. to take away the 
 property of another unlawfully. 
 
 THIE'VERY, S. the pra^ice of dealing. 
 
 THIE'VISH, Adj. inclining to ffcil. 
 
 THIEVISHLY, Adv. in a felonious man- 
 ner ; flealingly. 
 
 THIE'VI.SH.VES?, S. a difpofition or in- 
 clination to dealing. 
 
 TliIGH, S. {th;oh, .Sax, thko, la, dlo, 
 Belg.] all that pait pf tlie human frame be- 
 tween liie buttocks and the knee. 
 
 THILL, S. {thUk, Sax.) the (hafts, or 
 arms of wood between wh ch a horfe is pla- 
 ced in a carriage : henc^; thVl, or thWur horj\ 
 the horfe that goes between the fhafts. 
 
 THI'MBLE, S. f Minlhew fuppofcs it cor- 
 rupted from thu>nbell\ a metal cover which 
 women place on the tip of their fingers to 
 preferve them from the needle when fevving. 
 
 THIME, S, See Thyme. 
 
 THIN, Adj, {th'inne, ^i^,. thunner m.dunn^ 
 Belg.] the contrary to thick; rare, oppofed to 
 dcnl'e ; not clofe, or having large in terfticcs.j 
 fmall, applied to found ; lean or dim. 
 
 To THIN, V. A. to make thin or rarify; 
 to make Icfs clofe or numerous; to atte- 
 nuate. 
 
 THINE, Pion. belonging or relating to 
 thee. It is ufcd iox thy, v. hen the fubftantive 
 is divided from it. " Tl.ine is the kintrdom.'* 
 
 THING, .S. \S,iK.dir,^, Belg.] whatever 
 is. Sometimes oppofsd to a pcrfon, itfijni- 
 fies an inanimate fubflancc. When applied to. 
 perfons, it implies contempt or pity. 
 
 To THINK,, V.N. [prcter thought} tq 
 confider any thing in the mind ; to reafon ; 
 j to judge or conclude ; to intend ; to meditate, 
 I To recollect or obferve, ufed uith upon he-. 
 ! tively, to entertiiin in the mind, conceive, on 
 j imagine, To think much of, is to grudge. Tjj 
 \ti:nkjcornfu:'.\ if, is to difdttin. 
 i ' THLVLY,
 
 T H O 
 
 'I'HI'NLY, Adv. not thickly; poorly,; 
 cpplie! to the appearance of a perfon. 
 
 I'l-irNNESS, S. the quality of not beinj; 
 grofi ; not being of a good fubftance, appli- 
 <ej ro cloth, &c. tenuity. 
 
 THIRD, Adj. [thrldga, Goth. fhiiM:, 
 Sar.] the next after the fecond. Ufed as a 
 fubltaiice ; it implies the third part ; the 
 iixtietli part of a fecond. 
 
 1 Kl'RDLY, Adj. in the third place. 
 
 THIRST, S. [thyrft, Sax. dtrji, Belg-l 
 ^he pain UiiTcred for want of drink ; want of 
 drink. Figuratively, an eager or vehement 
 defire. 
 
 Jo THIRST, V. N. to be uneafy for 
 want of drink. Figuratively, to have a ve- 
 hement defire, followed hy after. 
 
 THJ'RSTILY, Adv. dryly; wanting 
 nx)i.'hir.?. 
 
 THl'RSTINESS, S. a ftron;; defire to 
 drink ; want of moifture ; dryncfs. 
 
 THl'RSrY, Adj. dry J troubled with 
 dvoiTght. 
 
 THI'RTEEN, Adj. the number imnicdi- 
 a'.cly following twelve. 
 
 THI'RTY, Adj. twenty-nine and one. 
 
 THIS, Pron. [Sax.] tliat which is now 
 prefcnt, or mentioned . After Lut, the next 
 and no more. Followed by a word dcRoting 
 tirne, the lad paft. It is often oppofcd to 
 tlaf, which when they refer to a former fen- I 
 twice, this relates to the latter, and that to ^ 
 the firft member. 
 
 THI'STLE. -S. {tbijld, Sax. diefid, Belg.] 
 a ptickly weed growing in corn-fields. 
 
 1 HITHER, Adv. [Sax.] to that place; 
 to that end or point. 
 
 THO', contniaed for Though. 
 
 THONGj S. [tlwang, Sax. J a (trap of 
 leather. 
 
 IHO'RAX, S. [%«?, Gr.] the cheft ; 
 ©r th.at part of an animal body be;Tinning at 
 the ntck-bune, and ending at the diaphragm. 
 
 THORN, S. [tharrm, Goth, thini, Sax. 
 d»orne, Bc'g.] a prickly tree; a pricklegrow- 
 ing on the thorn-bulh ; any thing painful 
 and troublefome. 
 
 THORNTON, [BonnelI,Efq.] The fa- 
 ther of this gentleman wjs an apothecary, 
 and lived in Hemietta (Ircet, Covent-^ar- 
 cKi!; in which fituation he accumulated a very 
 « iy fcitune. He ftnt his fon to Oxford, 
 where he completed his education, and was 
 otTigncd for a phyfician ; but upon the death 
 «f his father, in(tead of purfuing medicine 
 as a profcffion, he devoted his future purfuits 
 to li.diiture, having, while at the U'.iiverfity, 
 »a con^uuci'on with Mr. Colman, wrote 
 thofe efteemed papers under the title of the 
 ConnoiJJcur. He was the author of that truly 
 ludicrous piece of plealimtry called City-Latin, 
 a fcvere fatire upon the infcription on the 
 #.r(l itone of Black-fryers bridge He has 
 alfo given us an elegant vcrfion in Englilli of 
 .tfcjc woiksof Plautus, and was theautiiorof 
 
 T H R 
 
 many humorous and entertaining pierres iB 
 the St. James's Evening Poff. Ariout the 
 year 17C1, he was in treaty with the late Mr. 
 Ric!i, patentee of Covent-gardsn theatre, 
 for the purchafe of thathoufe; but fomc 
 dii?crcnce.; arifing, the bargiin was not ac- 
 complilhed. He married in 1767, and the 
 ^•e.-.r following paid the great debt of na- 
 ture, much lamented by ail his friends and 
 actjuaiiitance as a very valua!>le member of 
 fociety, and an excellent comparrinn. 
 
 THO'RNV, AJj. full of thorns, or 
 prickles. Figurately, perplexed; not cafily 
 adjured. 
 
 THO'ROUGH, Prep, the word through 
 extended into two fyllabies. 
 
 THO'ROUGH, Adv. [this is always writ- 
 ten with two fyllabies, but the prepofition in 
 one, as through] complete; palling in at one 
 fide, and beyond the other. 
 
 THO'RO'UGHFARE, S. a pafTagc with- 
 out any flop or let. 
 
 THORP, THROP, THREP, TREP, or 
 TROP, in the names of places, arc derive4 
 from thorp, .Sax. a village. 
 
 THOSE, Pron. See These. 
 
 THOU, Pron. [thu, Goth, and Sax. Ut 
 Lat.] ufed when we fpcak to a perfon. When 
 we fpeak to our equals, we fee you, like the 
 French ; but in our addrefles and devotions, 
 we generally ufe thoa. 
 
 THOUGH, Cotij. [theah. Sax. tbauhy 
 Goth. j notwithflanding that ; although. As 
 thcugh, implie.";, as if. At the end of a fen- 
 tence, it denotes however, eryct. 
 
 THOUGH r, the preter and part. pafEve 
 of Think. 
 
 THOUGHT, S. the aft of thinking 3 
 an image formed in the mind ; fentiment j 
 reflefticn j opinion ; defign ; ferious confi- 
 deration. Care or fohtude, after take. 
 
 THO'UGHTFUL, Adj. pen five ; full of 
 thought; given io meditHtion. 
 
 THO'UGHTFULLY, Adv. in a pcnfuc 
 and thoughtful manner ; deliberately. 
 
 THOUGHTFULNE S, S deep medita- 
 tion ; penfivenefsj full of reflc£\ion. 
 
 THOU'SAND, /\dj. [thufind, Sax. duy- 
 Und. Belg.] confiding of ten hundred. 
 
 THRALL, or THRA'LOOM, S. [thral, 
 Sax.j aflavej bondage, or a ftate ot fla- 
 very. 
 
 To THRASH, V. A. [fometimes writte* 
 thnjh, which is moft conformable to the ety- 
 mology 5 thi-efcan, Sax. derfcka:, Belg.] to 
 beat corn out of the chaff; to beat or drub. 
 
 THREAD, S. ["pronounced thnd; thrai^ 
 Sax. draed, Belg.] a fmall line of flax twifted} 
 any thing contrived in a courfe. 
 
 To THREAD. V. A. to pafs through 
 with a thiead; to pieice. 
 
 THRE'ADBARE, Adj. worn to the na- 
 ked threads ; having no nap; worn out. 
 
 THREAT, S. [from th« verb] the a^ 
 of denouncing ill. 
 
 19
 
 T H R 
 
 T H U 
 
 To THREAT, or THREATEN, V, A . 
 tl'r-fjr is nfcd ci'^ly in potrtry ; thrtatiati. 
 Sax.] to allure n perfon Df, or denounce, fu- 
 ture evil; to endeavour to terrify by deiiounc- 
 
 To THRO'TTLE, V. A. to clioak, or 
 kill by (loppino the lireatli; 
 TMROVn, prcrcr of Thrive, 
 THROUGH, Prep. [r/W/6, fax, thahb, 
 Goth. aV'v, Bilg. .Iiiixh, Tent.] from oncciiJ 
 THREE, Adj. [the'), :bri, thrh. Sax. fZ.viJ or cxtrea.ity to die other; by means of. 
 
 ' " ' THROUGH, Adv. from, one end, or 1k!c, 
 
 ro the o'her. 
 
 TROL'GHOUr 
 
 -Brit, and Erfc .'-'./, Er. tra., Lat. rps;?, Gr.J 
 t'.vo and one 
 
 To THRESH, V. A. .^eeTo Thr ash. 
 
 THRE'SHER, .S. oiiethdtthrefliesco.n; [vHtirelv. 
 a Inifbandmnn. TROU'GMO 
 
 THRESHOLD, S. [thm.-yjvald. Sax.] the e^'-'ry uheie. 
 ground or ften ivider a door ; entrance, ''"" Trr'j 
 
 TREW, preter of Throw 
 
 Frcp. (.^ii'ue iliroiig'.i j 
 4Jv. in every part ; 
 
 To TFJIiOW, V. A.' [prcter ci.yw ; p.irt. 
 pafT. throiun; thiauivti, S.x.] to fiin;; or caft 
 
 THR ICi , Adj. [tbng. Sax.] three times. | to a diffHnce j to,(ofs, or put a\v,y widi \x, 
 Sometimes ftC before an adjcd^ive to exprefs '■ l-'ice, hafte, or ne^'i^erce ; to lay down care- 
 the fuperlative J,'j:ree. It'ly, O"" in halTe; to caf* ; to fprcad ; $o tiira. 
 
 To 'IHRID. V. A. [corrupted from To. '/j'ir<jvo7w_;-, to loic or fpcnd profiully ; 
 thrcad\ to llide thioiirli a narrow pafl^ge. "o rcjetfl. L'dd wi:h iy, to rejedt, or lay a!^de 
 THRIFT, S [from tl>\w\ profit j ihc r-'' '■■|'-lefs- ' ^fcd v.it'i ./i-yw, to oveiturn. 
 ftate of acqiiiiing more; f. ugality ''\-"'^ with ej"i to expel, or r.jcO, orrenounc. 
 
 '-'iid v.ith i/.r, to excit ; to diii..nce or leave 
 lithind j to reject ; to emit Ufcd with 7.7:-, to 
 ;efij;n angrily ; to emir or hnng up. Neuter 
 
 TMRI'FTT'.y, Adv. fp.iringly j fi'unally 
 
 THRITTINESS, S. fi ugality; Hiana^- 
 ing with oecoiiomy ; fpariiigneA. 
 
 THR I'F T Y Adj. frug il j managing with 
 prudence ; fparint'. 
 
 To THrULL, V. A. \tlyrl]an, .Sax. J/-/V./, 
 Swed.] i<> pierce or bore; 10 affect with ;■ 
 pierclnj; f<;nf.ition. N'eurcriy, to h ive the.]'.'.::- | '"'^'o'ent fJly. 
 iity ot (.ie'cinij ; to pierce or wound tlieearl THRO'VySTER, S. 
 with a Iharp found ; to facl a fharp tingling j''^''^^''-, 
 
 !y, ro perform the adl ofcafiiu^ j to cart dice. 
 Ufcd with aljut^ to try expedients. 
 
 TJIROV/, S. a ca'lf ; 3 cad or' dice; the 
 i"^a:c to which any t.'iiii^ iithrowB : an c!f jrc 
 
 a t wilier of Hik or 
 
 fenfation. 
 
 To THRIVE, V. N. [prefer r/jroT'f. part- 
 padl thr'tft-n ; f/rca, Sax.] topvofpcr, mcrcafc, 
 or grow rich. 
 
 THRI'VENG, Adj. profperous. 
 
 THRl'VINGLY, Adv. in a profperous 
 manner. 
 
 THRI'VINGNESS, S. profperity. 
 
 THP O', a contraftion of Through. 
 
 THROAT, S. [th-cfe, t'rrcta, Sax.j the 
 fore part of th.e neck, or pafTage for food and 
 breath ; the m.d.T road of any place. To cut 
 the throaty is to .k.:!! hy cutting the wind pipe 
 
 To THROD, V.N. to heave at the brealt 
 with forrow ; to beat or palpitate. 
 
 THROB, S. a heave, or beat of palpita- 
 tion. 
 
 THROE, S. \ttrvivean,Zzv..'\ the pain and 
 pnguifh attending the bringing a child into 
 the world ; any great agony. 
 
 THROiN'E, S. [throniis, Lat.1 a chair of 
 ftate richly adorned^ and covered with a cano- 
 py for emperors, king«, princes, &c. to fit on 
 at times of pnbhc cercmones, 
 
 THRONG, S. \thrat7g. Sax. from thrln 
 f^an. Sax. ] a crowd or multitude preffing 
 againfl each other. 
 
 To THRONG, V. N. to crowd. Atflive- 
 ly to incommode « itb crowds. 
 
 THRO'NGING, Adj. crowding ; gather- 
 ing together in great numbers. 
 
 THRO'SILE.-S. [Sax.] thethrufh. 
 
 THROTTLE,. S. [from threat] the wind- 
 pipe. 
 
 THRUM, S. [f.'-.-rvv,v, in.j the er.ds of 
 weavers threads ; a.Ty coaife yarn. 
 
 To THRUM, V. A. to grate orpliy ill 
 on 'any muficul inlfrum.ent. 
 _ THRUSH, S. [/.V//I-, Sa:i.</,«;J, Pol.] a 
 tinging bird ; fma 1 round u!cer4tions which 
 •ippeai in the mouth, diid by degrees atfecl 
 every part of the. alimcDtary duel. 
 
 ToTH.-.U.ST, V. A. [trr^to, Lat ] to 
 pudi any thmg into matter, or between clofe 
 bodies; to pulh or diivc with violence; to 
 ttab. To comprefs, ufed with toj:ctber. Neu- 
 terly. to wound with the point of a weapon; 
 to fx^uceze into ; to thr.-)nc 
 
 THRUST, .S. apufh. " 
 
 THUMB, S. [tbt;,ra, Sax] that fiicrt 
 ftrong finger wiiich grows on the part of tlie 
 hand towards the body. 
 
 TH\JM?,S.[th;?:h, It.il.] a hard blow 
 given with fomerhing blmu. 
 
 To THUMP, V. A. to heat with dull, 
 heavy blows. 
 
 THU'MITNG, Adj. beating ; Lrge and 
 fprightly, appled to children. 
 
 THU'NDER, S. [tlunaer, thtx.-r. Sax. 
 tonr.cj-re, Fr. from fro, Lat.] a loud noife or 
 rattling, accomp.micd by lightning;- any loud 
 or tumuli uous noife. 
 
 To Tl-IU'NDER, V. N. to make that 
 loud and terrible noife attending lightning. 
 Adively, to pronounce or utter with a loui 
 noife. 
 
 THU'NDERBOLT, S. lightning. 
 
 1 HU'N- 
 '■ " 3M
 
 T I D 
 
 T I M 
 
 THU'NDERCLAP, S. an explofion of, time, or reafonithca'ternateebbingandflorr 
 thunder. I i"i; "t tiie lea ; a Hood, ftream, or coiirlc. 
 
 'io IHU'N'OERSTRFKE, V. A. Tpart. TIDR'SMrtN, S. a cuftom-hi-ufe officer, 
 nafl" tbu::c£:f.ruck\ to bLfi-, or hurt with light- put on bojrd (hips to prsvcnt fniuggling, or 
 nin"- to terrify, or amaze by fome uiiexp^ifl- defrauding the king ot his duties. 
 ed iti'. TI'DiNGS, S. [//V/.^s Sux tida.de, l^} 
 
 THL''RSDAY. S. [th-.mrtfdteg, thffj.rg, nc>.vs ; un account of fomctl.ing thai h^shap- 
 Sax. doHwr/i''-'?-, tfid I cut. dond- iiijgt Teut. per.ed. 
 
 the thuiidcicr's day, i. e. Dks J'^yn, ' at. or TI'DY, Ad}, {t'ldt^ Ifi.] fcafotiab}e 5 ncat- 
 Jupitcr's Div. 'i'bor was the ia^^ of Odin ; Uy drc/irJ. 
 
 the month ot Marcli was by Irt-ndcrs n.tmed To TIK, V. A . Wu2n,ti^an, Si>:.] to bind 
 from iiim 'lh?m,ijiv::, i. c. the month of [or fallen with a knot. Ufcd with i/>, tocon- 
 TAf,-; thunder is H.kewjle called by them I fine or oblirutft. To oblige or conllrJa. 
 'Tbordam, i. c. Tfw's lound. And in the TIK, S. a fadcr.ing made by a knot ; a 
 S^MOii homily, v>e are told, Thor eac a«^i bond or o'.iligation. 
 
 c.iu'k,:n the haetkinimen lerenth f-withc ,, i. e. 
 <■■■ 7L".r likcuifc and IVodci, whom the 
 " heathen adore, or exalt with prailc*^." 
 Bide sKccl. hift-J the fifth day of the v.cek. 
 
 THUS, Adv. [SaxJ in this manner ; to 
 lliisd<^rec or quantity. 
 
 To IHW.'VCK, V. A. f.-i<:<.v/.-». Sax.] to 
 
 TIF.RCh, S. [Fr.] SccTekce. 
 
 TIFF, S. litjuor 5 drink ; a quantity of 
 liquor for di inking ; a fit of pccvirnncfs i a 
 pet. 
 
 TIGHT, Adj. [J.cbt, Beli:.! clofe, or 
 ftrctchcd hard, r>ppofed to loofe. Cleanly 
 drciicd ; fomething Icfs than neat. Not leaky. 
 
 flrike with fomcthitjg blunt and he^vy j to | applied to calks or vcfiels. 
 
 bsat heartily. i 1 rCHTN F.3S, S. neatncfs ; (traightncfs. 
 
 TILK, S. (r-!c, Sax. re^,!, Belg. tlulc, Fv. 
 ^ leg'.Lt, Ital.] th'm plates of baked clay, iifcd 
 \ in covering houfes. 
 j To T ILK, V. A. to cover with tiles. 
 I TILL, i>. a moneybox ot drawer. 
 I TILL, Prep. \i!, Sax.J before or "after the 
 prefent time. Tilt n^rw, U, to the prefcnt 
 time ; till then, to that time. 
 
 TILL, Conj. to the time or degree. 
 To TILL, V. A-To'/w;:, Sax. tenLn, Belg.] 
 to plow or manure giound. 
 
 TILLA'GE, S. the aft of plowing and 
 mani'.ring land, to mike it pioduce corn. 
 Tl'LLF.R, S. a firong piece of timber 
 ' 'Jo net, V.k contrailcd from Ent ice. ; fattened to a Ihip's rudder, by which it is mov- 
 TICK, y. [perhaps contracted from tkkct, \ ed; a young tree left to grow till it is fit to fell, 
 a tjHy on which del)ts were icored | fcorc orj TILLS,. S. a fortofpulfe. 
 
 IHWACK, S. a blow given with fomc 
 thirig blunt and heavy. 
 
 THWART, Adj. [thryn, Sax. dwars, 
 Belg.] acrofs ; pfrverfe 
 
 'J o TWaRT, V. A. to crofs ; to do any 
 tiling in oppolition to another. 
 
 THY, I'ron. [tr.hi, Sas.j of, belonging, or 
 relating to thee. 
 
 TKYIvIE, S. \_tryn!, Fr. thyi::us, Lat. a 
 plant. 
 
 THY' ASUS, S. [flypr®-, Gr.] the tapcr- 
 in" (talk, or lt?m ot an herb. 
 
 TIA'R, or TI.A'RA, S. [.-L-n:, Lat. 
 thire Fr ] a diadem, or drefs for the head. 
 
 truit ; the lice of d>gs or Ihcep ; tvom tijue, 
 Fr. le'-e, Be!g. The linen cafe wlifcli holds the 
 tcalhcis or fjocks of a bed. 
 
 To TICK, V. A. to take on credit, or on 
 truft ; to run in debt ; to trufi, or give 
 credit. 
 
 TILT, S.[f;Id. Sax. J a tent, or any cover- 
 ing over the Irt'ad ; the cover of a boat or 
 carriage: a military game, in which the com- 
 batants thruU at each other with lances; a 
 thru ft. 
 
 To TILT, V. N. to fall or lean on one 
 
 TI'CKEN, or TI'CKING, S a kind of. fide. Aftivcly, to ftoop, hold, or force on 
 ftrong linen uicd for the cafe of a feather- ' one fide, 
 bed. j TILTH, S. huft^andry. 
 
 T1'CIv?:t, S. [et'iju-t-r, Fr.] a token ofi Tl'MBRi^.S. [tymbrian. Sax ] wood fit 
 nni; right or cliim, at the dthvery of which j for building materials. 
 
 ndmillion is granted, or the claim acknow- Tl'MBREL, S. [/)'»!/»j«a»i, Lat.] a mufi- 
 ledgf'd, cal inttrument. 
 
 To TICKLE, V. A. \thd':, Lat.] to J TI.ME, S. [r.Vw, Sax. :ym, Erfe] dura- 
 make a perfon luagh by flight touches ^ to! tion confidered as (ct out by certain periods, 
 p.cafc by flight gratifications, Neuterly, to j and nicafarcd by cert.-.in epochas ; fpace of 
 feel a fcnfation wliich caufes laughter. duration ; intervals ; feafon or prcper time ; 
 
 Tl'CKLISH, Adj. fulling into laughter j life j early feafon the hour of childbirth ; 
 when fcjrce touched ; tottering ; difficult, or! the repetition of .-my thing j mufical mca- 
 nice. I {iire. 
 
 TID, Adj. [tyddc-r, Sax.] tender j foft ; To TIME, V. A. to bring or d > at pro- 
 nire. . per fe.ifon; to allot acertain fpace for theac- 
 
 TIDF, S. [tyd, Sax. /.rj, Ifl. and Bej^.la compliflnng a thing. 
 
 ■ i TI'ME- 
 
 I 
 
 I
 
 T I S 
 
 T O B 
 
 feafonably ; oppor- 
 
 TI'MELY, Adv. 
 tuneJv. 
 
 TI'MID, Ad. fr;>,;, 
 fearful ; wanting coii'-. 
 
 TiMF'Diry, S. \!w:idi:c, Fr. rUiJircs, 
 Lat.j want of courage; fearfiilncfs j cowaid- 
 linefs. 
 
 •frMOROL'J?, Adj. [timor, Lat.] too 
 much affccleJ with iear. 
 
 Tl'MOKOUSWKSS, S. See Timidity. 
 
 TIN, S. [ri>i, D^n. and Belg. zim, Tcut 
 of /} a iium, Lat. J a metal of which I'ew.al do- 
 nieHic iifcndls arc made. 
 
 TJNCl", S. pf/w.', Fr.] a colour or 
 fbin. 
 
 Tl'MCTURK, S. colour fuper:,dca by 
 fomci'liing ; an imperfeflfmatlciin^ of^n ait 
 or icieuce. Jn Clirniiftry, a diflolution of the 
 more relitieJ and voi^itilc parts of a body in 
 a proper mcnriruimi 
 
 "^TT, S. a fm.ill horfi- ; a wonmn. 
 
 Tl'THABLK, Adj. liable to pay tit'ies; 
 Fr. rimiilia, Lat ] j chaigc.ible to the tenths or tithes payablt to 
 the clergy. 
 
 'UTHK, or TYTHE, S Itmi-.i, S:.x.] 
 the tenth part of all fruits, Sic. ; i r-. eiiue piy- 
 ablc to (lie clergy. 
 
 lo 1 I rUE, V. A. to tax with the pay- 
 ment of tlie tenth part. 
 
 Til IL.VriON, .-;. a p'e.,fina fenfaiioa 
 from the gentle touch of fonv: parts j a tii-k- 
 lin;;. 
 
 TITLE, S. [ritrc, of .'.v.'//.-, eld Fr. nu./usy 
 L.it.j a jcnei^l iieai! cjmpr fin;.' paiticulrtis ; 
 an appellation of honour ; a ninie ; the firfl 
 page of a book, explcinin;; its fubjtfl ; a 
 claim of riglu j an infcription. In C<.><n- 
 mcrce, the ■ ptrfon's name .nt the top of a 
 iolio to whom the articles contained ihercia 
 btlorvg. 
 
 To TITLE, V. A. to name 5 to cn- 
 
 TI'NDER, S. [ymire, Sax.] linen cWh 
 burnt to afties, ufcd in catchint; the fparkies ] noble 
 made by (Irri^ino a flint and (Icel together. | To TITTER, Y- A 
 
 TINF., S. [r. •!;;(■, HI. J the too;h of a bar- ; flraint, or foftiy 
 
 to l.uii;h with re- 
 
 row ; the fpike of a fork 
 
 To TING, V. N. [tinKh, Lit. tincian, 
 Brit.] to make a Iharp fhrill noife. 
 
 To TINGE, V. A. Iringo, Lat. J to give 
 a colour llj^htly ; to (lain. 
 
 T'IN-GLASS, S. bii'"muth;a metallic fub- 
 ftancc, fmooth, .md refembling tin 
 
 Ti' 1 TLE, S. hi;, Teut.] a point or d.>t. 
 
 TI' TTLE- TATTLE, S. [from lir and 
 tattji] fmall-taik; idle prating. 
 
 TITULAR, Adj. [tirubbe, Fr ]<nj >jing 
 the title without the profits ot an ofifice. 
 
 To, Adv. [.Sax. re, Bclg.J when it comes 
 before a verb, or Leiaccn two verbs, it is a 
 
 To Ti'NGLE, V. N. [rin^e/cn, Bclg.] to 1 fii^n of the infinitive mood, and implies that 
 pcrct-ive a continued found in'thc ear; to feel the ftcond is the objcift of the firfK After an 
 a fharp quick pain or pletfure. I adjeclive, ir dcr.otef t!ie <)hjc(ff ; fonittimts it 
 
 TI'NKER, S. a perfon who mends old 
 Cupper and brazen veflds. 
 
 TI'K-MaNj S. one who manufa6>urcs 
 and fells wares made of tin. 
 
 TI'N.SEL, S, [etlncelle, Fr.] a kind of 
 fhining cloth ; any thing (hcwy, but of fmall 
 value. 
 
 . TINT, S.^teinte, Fr. tinta, Ital.J a die, 
 or colour. 
 
 TJNY, Adj. [tint, tytid, Dan.] little; 
 fmall. 
 
 TIP, S. [t!j>,fi/>ien, Belg.] the top, end, 
 or point. 
 
 To TIP, V. A. to cover the head or ex- 
 tremity with metal ; loXlrike lightly. 
 
 TIVPET, S. [taepfet, Sax] fomething 
 v.orn about the neck. 
 
 To TUPLE, V. N. [lefel, old Teut.] to 
 tlrink tocxcefs. 
 
 Tl'PSTAFF, S. an officer wkh a ftaff tip- 
 ped with metal, and who takes into cuftody 
 Such perfons as are committed by the court, 
 or by a judge. 
 
 TI'PSY, Adj. drunk. 
 
 TI'PTOE, S. the end of the toe. 
 
 TIRE, S. {tuyr, Belg.] rank or row j a 
 heid-drefs. 
 
 To TIRE, V. A. [tirian. Sax. to make 
 weary, or to fatigue. 
 
 TISSUE, S. [Fr. tifan. Sax.] cloth inter- 
 woven with gold or Jilver. 
 
 notes futuiity, or fomething to be done, and 
 is preceded by Jiil'. To and a^cin, ox to und 
 fro, imply backward and forward. 
 
 TO, Prep, cppcfed to y";;;;;, it nofc-c mo- 
 tion towards, .''ometimes it implies addrefs, 
 attention, addition, ftate, or place whither any 
 one goes ; oppcfition, a.Ttount, propofition, 
 podenion, perception, accord, or fitting ; the 
 fubjeift of affirmation ; comparifon ; as far 
 as. After an adjeftive, it denotes its ohjetft. 
 Before fjiC, prtfencc. After a verb, it notes 
 the obji-iff. Sometimes it implies degree. 
 Before d.iy, like the Saxon, it imj-iies tiie pre- 
 fent day ; bef<;ie mononj^ the day next after 
 the prefcnt. Before Jiight, the approaching 
 or prefent nij^ht. 
 
 TOAD, [t^de, Sax.] an animal refemb- 
 ling a frog, aud accounted venomous. 
 
 To TOAS r, V. A. {rcf.ui- Lat.] to dry, 
 or make brown by holding before a fire ; to 
 name a healtli to be drank. 
 
 TOAST, S. bread dried or made brown 
 before a fiiCj a celebfated beauty whofe 
 health is often drank. 
 
 1 OBA'CCO, S. [fo called from the iOand 
 of Tobago, one of the Caribbee iflands iti 
 America, from whence it was brought by 
 Sir Francis Drake in 1585] an Amcricaa 
 plant, well known. 
 
 TODA'CCON'IST, S. one wbomanufac- 
 IturM and fells tobacco, 
 I ■? M 2 TOD,
 
 TON 
 
 TOD, S. [tcac ka^r, Teut.] a bulh or 
 t'nick lh;iv.tc. Ap^ilicJ lo wool, twciity-ciglit 
 pounds weight. 
 
 TOE, S. ya %!-<'. teev, BeiS-] the extreme 
 j;.. i^nin of tiic t'tcr, anfweiiii^to the fin^ess 
 of ihc liand. 
 
 TO- ''~>. a ^rn/e of trees ; a place where 
 a nrftiiage or houfc once llooJ. 
 
 TOGt'IHttl, A.lj. : tagjithcrc, Szy..] in 
 oomp.inv ^ ill i!,c Uiwc pl.-.ce, or time ; con- 
 if^ii'ttl ; in cincerc T'>^e/4fr wi/t', implies .a 
 Hale of mi>cfure or iihion vv-ith. ' *" ' . 
 
 To TOIL, y. N. {ur:a:i. Sax. tiiykfi. 
 Eclg. j to !al) 'ur AOively, to workat 
 
 1 OIL, S. labour; .tny net or fnarc woven, 
 or meUicd ; from loili:, tr. 
 
 ■'(H'LET, S. \:.i!:t::, Fr.] a dreffing 
 table. . 
 
 1 Oi'L':OMi:, AJ.j. l.^bonGi'.3 ; making 
 v.cpry. 
 
 TOHE.'S. [Fr.l a meafure containing fix 
 feet in length ; a f-thom. 
 
 TO'KLN', S \ljL':ns, Goth, taat. Sax. 
 /r-vv'-'w, I>^!,>V j a ftg'i or marlc; a mtmoiial 
 or fiicou.liip. 
 
 'I OLD, "pieicr and p.Tt. pid of Teil. 
 
 To TO'. ',!•:, V; A. to draw byde^irec;. 
 
 TO'LEIV^GLF, /tdj. 1 Fr. tde>-eLuis, Lat] 
 that may oi<' endured or fuppcrted 5 pailabie, 
 but not CKCciier.t. 
 
 TO'LfR \?'1_Y, A'd\'. ird .frently. 
 
 T(;'L[iRAKCK, S. [Fr.J the power or 
 ac> of abounJing or fuffering 
 
 To TO'LERA TE, V. A. [lola-jtus, Lat.] 
 ti f; Ifer or .i!Ijv without oppofition. 
 
 TOLFRA'lION, S. \tcLrotlo, La.] al- 
 loA;:iice gi^'vn lo foiiutliing not approved. 
 
 TOLL, S [Sax. til, Bclg. toll, Brit. «/(/, 
 D:ui.] a caft^>!Ti ot tribute paid for ihcpuflagc 
 or goi.'Js. 
 
 i o TOLL,. V. N. to pny money fi^r the 
 pi!l';geof o'ji'Jn &c- to foun.i a beii. Aclive- 
 ij'j to ring a beil. 
 
 TO'LL-_^BOO Tlf, S. a pl.icc where taxe.s 
 arc p.iid ; a pril'jn. 
 
 i'OiMS, S. \ion:be, fcnihra:/, Fr.] a monu- 
 ment io which the dL-<jd ire enclofcd 
 
 'i O.AIt, S. [Fr. T'.y.':, Gr.] a volume or 
 boo!;. 
 
 TOM, S. rr6':n.'. Fr.l Ste Tun. 
 
 TON, or TUN, iu the r. rae.^ of places,' 
 
 ■ .-we derived frori: J:in, Sax a hill, and ftgnifies 
 
 a townj bec-.ufc t'ov.ns were tormerly built 
 
 on thofe eminences. . Some indeed derive it 1 
 
 from tain, S x an hed^c or »a'l. 
 
 row 6; S. [tcKus, Lat. ton, Fr.] a note,; 
 (bimi^, or wliiiie ; ehrticity. 1 
 
 TONG, S [Sec ToNcs, though it is (bmc-j 
 times written t-^n^w ; yet as its office is 10 
 cat:li or hold, it it;emi derived from the fame; 
 original, and rtiould [>= fpelt in the fam;! 
 THjiincr as Ti^g] the forked catcli of a| 
 buckle. "^ ' j 
 
 TON'GS, S. fit has no fingular ; tavg-,\ 
 S;ix. arJBeig J ar. inftrumcnt with two k;^;,' 
 
 TOP 
 
 moving on a rivet, between which any thin^ 
 Is held. 
 
 TO'MGUF, S. \t!i>t^. Sax. tcngke, Bclg-l 
 the moveable imifciiloui part in the m«uili, 
 Tnd piincipal inilumif-nt of fr(ech or f<ninds 
 ;in animals ; fpeech, or fiueiicy of words j a 
 fmall point. To kold one's tongue, is to be 
 jiil.nt. 
 
 To TONGUF, V h. to talk or prate. 
 TO'N'CUPLLF.SS, Adj. having no tongue. 
 TO'MVAGE, S. SeeTuNNAGE. 
 • TOMSUS R, S I Fr. tcnfwa, Lat.] the 
 aft of ihit^.'i!!!; or clipping the hair. 
 
 TOO, Adv. [to Sdx.j over and above; 
 o<;rr-muc!i ; more than enough, or to exccfs \ 
 ilikewife. 
 
 TOOL, S. \rl, to'.l. Sax.] any inflrument 
 
 : lifed by the hand ; a hireling, or one fci-vilcly 
 
 [at theco.xmand of ano'her. 
 
 i T00;H, S. Fpluril ::c:b\ toib. Sax. 
 
 , rar.l, Belg.J the h".rJc(^ and fmootheft bones 
 
 iofihebodv, formed in the cavities of the 
 
 jaws, and fuljfervient to the clic'-v ing and e^.t- 
 
 ing fo(>d ; a blade or prong of any bifid in- 
 
 ! ilruiTtent ; the denrdbted or prominent part 
 
 r>f a wheel, wii^ch Cjfrhes the corrcfpondtnt 
 
 I parts of anoti er. Fi-jii ativcly, tarte. To-.tb 
 
 '^ar.d nuU, implies wiih one's ulmoll vio- 
 
 jlence. To the teeth, in open oppofition, or to 
 
 a pe'rfcn's i'zct. hi fpte -f tie teth, nr-twith- 
 
 rtinding thrct^or a perlon's utmolt opp'.fi- 
 
 jtinn. Tv cajl in the teeth, '\s to mention by 
 
 way of repn oKh . 
 
 TOO' FH- ACHE, S. [todece, Sax.] a pain 
 I in th^ teetli. 
 
 I TOO'THLF.SS, Ad), hnvin^: no teeth. 
 TOi', S. fr././, Brit, tcp, Sjs Belg. and 
 Dan./6^;.^r,Ill.J riiehi^hcll part; theutmdll 
 degree or rank ; the head of a plant ; a play- 
 thing of a con'. i J figure, u fed by children. 
 I Adjeclively,, it implies the uppcrmoft. " T:/ 
 ! llones." Mox. 
 
 j To TOr", V.N. to rife or he eminent ; 
 'to excel ; to do one's bed. A(flivcly, to cover 
 I on the top ; ro rifo above j to crop ; to per- 
 'i'orm with excellence. 
 
 j TO'PAZ, S. [To:^axe, Fr. fpa-i^eu!, Lat.] 
 a precious lione of the colour of fine gold. 
 
 ToTOPF, V. \i.U'-bif, Teut. toppctt, 
 Belg. t-^t<er, Fr.] to drink fard, or to excefs. 
 TO PER, S one who drinks hard. 
 TOPH.VCKOU3, Adj. [of t(i;(>'», Gt.] 
 ftony, fandy) or gffitry. 
 
 TO'PHUS, S. ;;t=?;^, Or.] a gntty or 
 f m4y mittcr con.:rcling on the fides of vcflcls 
 iii w!ii:h mineral water.s have been contain - 
 th: ttisalll) applied to lloney or chslky fiib- 
 fbnc;s conc.';tei in any pjrt of the animal 
 bod ,•. 
 
 TOTICAL, Adj. [reTT®', Gr. ]rehting 
 ta fonie general hsjd ; locil, or confi >cd to 
 fome partlculir pLcj. In .Medicine, appLcd 
 to a particulir p:;rt. ' ', 
 
 TO PIC, S. {:rf\que, Fr.] a general h-ad 
 to which otlie; thi.igs arc r..'"eireJj a lubjrft; 
 
 thiugi
 
 TOR 
 
 T O U 
 
 tilings /;enerally applitj externally to a parti- jvex \vith impbitn'nity. 
 
 cul.ii" p 'It 
 
 TOt'OGRA'PHER, ?. onethat defciibes 
 a pariifolar kingdom, coumiy, or pluce. 
 > TOPOGRA'PHICAL, Ac]. [t<j,o£ra/.i'i-' 
 |y«f, ^r I belon^'injj to top'»j>rapliy. 
 ,■ TOl'OGP. -.VHY, S. [toi.o-jiiphl(, Fr. tn- 
 po»rapl.ij, L ;t.of -row.^, and yia'^i, Gr.) tlie 
 dtlcription ot a panicularpl^ce, kingdom, or 
 caiiniry 
 
 TO'l'PING, A'^j- eminent ; noted ; 
 v.tjltl'.y. 
 
 TO'i'FlNGLY, Adv. profperoiifly ; emi- 
 nently 
 
 ToTO'PPLE, V. N. to full forward, or 
 pircli upon the head. 
 
 ']"0'»'SY-TL'RVY, Adv. wiih tlic bottom 
 iipwdrdi. 
 
 J OK, in tlic compofition of names, im- 
 plies a rock or liill j from icr, S:ix. 
 
 TORCH, S. [tarcie, Fr. taaia, Ital.] a 
 . wax iij.l^t bit^gcr tlian a candle. 
 TOKK, prefer of Teak. 
 To TORMf'l'NT, V. A. [tounnenter, Fr. 
 to put t3 lon;^.ai)d exii'iil'iti; pain. Figurative- 
 ly, to leazc with importunity. 
 
 TO'RiVlt.Nr, S. a lalling and exquifitt 
 pain 
 
 TORME'NTOR, S. one tliat tortures ; IjJc ; weak 
 
 UXVI 1 Y,.S. 
 or morofencTs o: counteii.utov. 
 
 1 O'R Y, S. I ill Iiini, a l.ivatje] a peifon 
 who pretends lo adhere to tbe ancient tonlH- 
 tulion of the flatc, to the iipothdic hitrarcliy 
 of the climch, and |Tofciii.s to o;>pofe the 
 ipcrffiire^ of the whigs. 
 
 To TOS*;, V. A. fprctcr and part, p.ifl". 
 toji; tajj'cn, Belg J to throw or c.i(t with the 
 !i.;!id , to impel or th.rj'.v with viiiencc ; to 
 lift tip wiiJia fudden and violent mo:ion ; to 
 a^iiiate, and nvikc reftlcis, Kcuteily, to Ijc 
 in viokr.t iigitation. LTtd with up, \.o '^\\^g 
 coin in the air i;i i>amiii.g. 
 
 lO'SSKL, S. Sec TAsst L. 
 
 TOTAL, Adj. [fr. icius, L^it] \vh(de or 
 complete; all the parti t-keii together or un- 
 divided. 
 
 TOTA'LITY, S. f/c./m', Fr. ro'-r/.wj, 
 Lar. ) any thin^ entire or undivided; l!ic 
 whole ; a fum tot.il. 
 
 TO'TALLY, Adv. wholly; csitirtly ; ut 
 icrly. 
 
 T 'OTHER, contraiHed for tic crier 
 1 o TOT TKR, V. N. [ta:aai, Belg.] to 
 :hjkc ib as\o be in daisgcrof f.;lling.' 
 
 TO' I TF.RING, Adj. ready to iUll ; fee- 
 
 any thinj; that caufcs great pain ; one that 
 teazes with impoitur.ititf, or caufcs uneafi 
 iicfs by their bad conduct. 
 
 TORMl'NTING, Adj. toituiing; put 
 ting to great pain j teasing with iiriportu- 
 nity. 
 
 'iORK, part. pafT. of Tear. 
 
 TORNA'DO, S. (Span.! a hurricane or 
 whirlwind. 
 
 1 O'RiMD, Adj. [torf:dus, Lat.] nun\hcd, 
 or dcpiivcd of motion.' 
 
 TORRtlFA'CriON, S. the quatty of 
 being foorclied or paiched. 
 
 TOR'K^:^'T, S. [Fr. toir.ns, Lit.] a 
 fudden and violciit tlreani railed by fummei 
 fliowtrs ; a violent and lapid current. 
 
 i O'RRIDjAdj. f.rnde, Fr. tonidus, Lat.] 
 biirninjj hot; pu'ching or iccrehing. 
 
 TORRIFIKD, Adj. [torrcfaaus, Lat.] 
 dried ; ro illed ; fcorchcd. 
 
 To J OUCH, V. A. fpionunced tuc'.' ; 
 from toucher, Fr. tat fen, Bilij.j to icich witli 
 any thing fo that there be no, (pace between 
 tlie thinji with which we reach znd that 
 whlcli is )eaclied ; to come to or attain. To 
 try, applied to rnctals. To affcO, to move, or 
 melt. To form or deliricatc, apj^lied to thr 
 art ofdcfigning. Toi:ifeft,5pplitd to difeafes. 
 To lirike or foup.d, applied to mufic; To ait. 
 upon orimpel; to treat of Jo aAiglu manner. 
 To tfuck Iff-, to repair or improve. Keiitci ty, 
 to join clofc toge;!:er. Uied witlj at to come 
 to, or Itay at, a pLce. Ufed wiih on, to men- 
 tion in a flight manner. To go for a very 
 Ihort time. 
 
 TOUCH, S. that fenfe «herei>y ue per- 
 ceive the hardnets, rougJinefs, foiidity, and 
 fuch other 4naliiies of a body; liie fcnfe oi^ 
 feclinj; ; examination of mttals by a (lone ;■ 
 I H telt by which any thing is tried ; proof j. 
 
 TO'KTOJS.K, '>i.[t'.rtue, Fr. torttiga. Span.] ] power of exciting the alirctiotis ; the aifV of 
 
 an amphibious animal, having its back c )Vtr?d 
 with a ifrong Ihell, «t which the handles of 
 lancets, &.C. are made, and its belly covered 
 with a leathery fubfiance, of a yeliowi.'h co- 
 lour ; but fomc are faid to live entirely on 
 land, and others in water. 
 
 To'RTUOUS, Adj. winding ; turning in 
 aid out. 
 
 •( OR ruRABLE, Adj. capable of being 
 tormented, or put to pain. 
 
 TO R i URE, S. [Fr.] a (late of la(ting 
 and ex'iuifite anguifh, caulcd as a punifh.nent, 
 or to extort confeffion. 
 
 To TO'RTL'RE, V. A.{tortum, Lat.] to 
 stf.(fl with lalling and exijuihte anguilh j to 
 
 the hind on a mufical inlhumeiit ; afTciftion; 
 a hrnt ; a flight elLy. 
 
 TOU'CH-HOLE, S. the hole through 
 whxh the fire is conveyed to the powder in 
 a giin. 
 
 TOU'CHING, Prep, concerning; wl:h 
 rcfptdl, relation, or regard to. 
 
 rOU'CHlNG, Adj. Caufmg pitv or fym- 
 pathy ; lying fo clofe that no fpacc may be 
 between 
 
 TOU'CHSTONE, S. a (lone by whicl* 
 mrtals ar* tried ; any ted. 
 
 TOU'CHY, Adv. See Tecky. 
 
 TOUGH, Adj. f pronounced tuff; toh. Sax. 
 
 .'.-^i', l^ol.J not breaking wiicn bent 3 (titf, or 
 
 3 M 3 not
 
 T R A 
 
 T R A 
 
 rot d.ifily bent. >:ot cjfilv perfuatled, applied : thing drawn out to length; a treatiic or fiujU 
 
 book ; from titiSlutui, Lat. 
 
 TKA'CTABI.E, Adj. [iraitabU; Fr. tr^Pa- 
 lA'is, Lat. j capable of being governed, manag- 
 ed, or taiigln. 
 
 FRA'C rABLENESS, S. grntlenrrfs of 
 
 to pel ions. Not Cjlily bliten, or chewed, ap- 
 plifij 10 food. 
 
 TOu'GHN'KSS, S. the quality of not be- 
 ing e.^fily bent or broken ; hard to be bit or 
 
 chcMtJ 
 
 TO'JFR'F,, S. [toupet, Fr. [an artificial i difpolition ; the quality of being cuiily manag- 
 ciirlofhair; (he hiir which grows on the cd or "overned 
 
 f(jrelu-;K«! turned !)ac.'c. 
 
 TOUR, S. [Fr.J a ramble, or roving jour- 
 r."y ; a ilto. 
 
 TOW, S. [Sax. 'c^ve, Fcrf.J flax or hemp 
 beaten and combed. 
 
 To Tow, V. A. [rein, tcohjn^ Sax.j to 
 draw by .1 rope in tlic water. 
 
 TOW.VOt, S. [tciic, Fr.] money paid to 
 
 TR.AOF, S. [trntta, Ital.] the exchange 
 ofgo'ids ft'r money, or other Ci^i-.'ninditics. 
 Bulincfs or employ carr.cd on in a (hop, op- 
 pof'ed to the liberal arts, or learned pio- 
 Kilions. The indrum^ncs cf j:iy bufincfs ; 
 bulHe. 
 
 To TR \DT, V. N, to trafTicor cxchanjic 
 goods for money or other comino.iiucs ; to adt 
 
 the owDcr o.-" a ground near a'rivcr for the li- } meiely for money. Adivcly to exchange or 
 
 bcrty of rowiii" a vefTcl, or lo the owner of j ftU in rommerce. 
 
 thi' hrtrfe*; eniplovi-d in to^viui'. Tll.VDiiSMAN\ S 
 
 iployi-o. m to^viuj^ 
 
 TOWARD, or rO^;^•\RDS. Frep. [/-- 
 ii.".i>d, ft.ix. ".vai'th, Gotli.] in a dirc<f<inn, or 
 nc.-r to ; uidi lefpcct or relating ; with tcn- 
 d?'fy fo. 
 
 TO s<> A'RD, (.r TOW.-.'RDS, Adv. near, 
 in a (hue of prcpar.ition 
 
 one who buys atid 
 ftlls Ijy rcra.i ; a mechani<-. 
 
 TRA'Ur.-WTND, S. a wind betwetn the 
 tropics vtir.ch blows for a certain time to one 
 point. 
 
 J KAni'TIOM, S. [Fr. faJi-h, Lat.] the 
 I iC\ of delivering accounts fio/ii jnonth to 
 
 TO'WARI), Adj. ready to do or learn ; j moi'ih, without ».ny writKn mtmoiiais ; any 
 
 tra t.ihlc. 
 
 TO'WARDLY, Adv. read'ly ; orderly. 
 
 'J"0'WL^L, S. [ti:uv'!c,¥r. r:«:;_g/.';, Ital.] 
 a cloth ufed for wiping the hand.-:. 
 
 To'WtR, S. \tor, S..X. tJur, Fr. torres, 
 If.il. tuirii, L-tt.] ahi'^h building raifed above 
 tlic main body of an edifice j a fortrci's or 
 citadel. 
 
 '(o rO AVER, V. N. to foar, fly, or ri V 
 
 rO'Wr.RING, Adj. foaring, riling, or 
 flyh'rt hi;;'i. 
 
 TOWN', S.\dnne, iu:i. Sax. /i_y,i, Bclg.) 
 any collcifiioii of houfes furroimdfJby a wall, 
 any colledliou of houfs to which a regul.i. 
 market bclf^ngs, and which is not tlie lee ot a 
 bilhop. Kiguiativcly, the people of any ca- 
 pital city. 
 
 thing deh\ered from age ly age by words, 
 witiiuut wriiin;;. 
 
 loTRADL'CE, V. A. Uradveo, Lat. 
 ti\duirc, Fr.J to rcprcllnt fallly, as blamc- 
 abte ; to calumniate. 
 
 T R.VDUCING, Adj. caKiraniuting} flau- 
 dcring; defaming. 
 
 I RA'DUC nON, S tranflating one lan- 
 gu.iC,e into luother ; det.nTiation. 
 
 TRA'FFIC, S. [truijfi'iw, Fr./r,7^io,ItaI.] 
 larj^e trade, or exchange yt commodities j the 
 fubjcdt of trade. 
 
 To TRA'FflC, V. N. to carry en 
 trade. 
 
 i'RA'GEDIAN, S. [t. aga-dus, 'Lzt. of 
 T^a-/i)Jjf Gr.] a writer or aili>r of tragc- 
 
 TRA'GEDY, S. [trj<je.i,(, Fr. tra^cedla. 
 
 ■ TO'VVN.'^HIP, §. the extent of a town's j Lat] a dramatic reprefcntatioii of fomclcrious 
 jurifdiftion and privileges. action. Figurativeiy, any mi>urnful or dread- 
 
 TOY, S. [tcjcr., tK-jl-'fj-, Belg.j a thing of ful event, 
 no va!i:cj a play-thing; folly; pl.iy, orl TR.-VGIC, or TRA'GICAL, Adj. [rra- 
 ar.ioicu.'; djliijnce. Ls'''--'. ^'^^- trag-quc, Fr.] relating to tragedy ; 
 
 To TOY", V. N. to play ; to Iport or dallv i monniful or di eadt'ul. 
 airofonny; ' j 1 R.VGI-COMEDY, S. |rr^r|r,r(i<»W;V. Fr.] 
 
 TKACv.. S. [Fr. iracda, Ital.] a msrkj a pl.'.y pjrtly tragedy, and partly comedy. 
 
 Itftty wi'.'.ch a;-.y ^hinji abfenc may be difco 
 vtrrtJ; af.ietfhn ; reitiains; haidiiefs for beads 
 of draught ; l^rorn tiraj^'er, Fr. 
 
 To TKACK, V. a. [tracer, Fr. tracc\ttr:, 
 ^t.l. ; to fellow or reach by means of marks 
 1ft, or footileps. 
 
 \\< aCR, S. {triK, olxl Fr. trateh, Ita! ] a 
 nv->ik left by the foe: of lo.'nc animal^ lk9 on 
 a TOad : a road or beaisn patii. 
 
 'lo TRACK, V. A. to folJow'bythc 
 sharks left ifl ffifo' way 
 
 lo iRAIL, \ . A..[tra'i:ici\ Fr.] to hunt 
 by the track ; to draw alung^-the ground ; to 
 draw or trace ; from treghn, Bclg. Neuterly, 
 lio be drawn out in length. 
 
 TRAIL, S. the fccnt or marks left on the 
 "round by an animal that is hunted .j any 
 tiling drawn out in length, or c'.ragging on the 
 grouiid. 
 
 rR;A'IHNG, Adj. hanging or dragging 
 on the ground. 
 
 To i RAIN, V. A. [trainer, Fr.] to draw 
 
 TRACi.S. f/r,/f/*(j, Lat.} .>ny extended I a'vnjr ; to draw oreniicc; to draw by arti- 
 pjrfatoi a fc^J^HOr {juantity ot hfid ; aoyjtic:, or tirata^em. Uled with en, to dra*
 
 T R A 
 
 T R A 
 
 I TRANSFIGURATION, S. [ Fr ] ch.'nce 
 of form or nppenrancc ; the (Lite of ,i p* rfon 
 or thin;> wlioic rppcarnncc is riimaikably al- 
 tered for tlic better. 
 
 ToTRANSFl'GURF, V. A. f frrmji- 
 guier, F. I to elinnf>o form or apprnrance. 
 
 TRANSFKtL'KKD, AJj.Jiavinoitsform 
 or appeariuicc chanyej. 
 
 To TRANSFl'X, V. A. [tra»<fx:a, Lit.] 
 
 from one a^ to another by perAiafian. UfeJ 
 with up, to bleed, educate, or teach by de- 
 greei, 
 
 TRAIN', S f Fr.j an artifice ufcd to en- 
 tice ; the tail of r. I)ird ; the part of a gown 
 that fweeps lichind along the ground ; a fc- 
 Tics, proccf«;, or method ; a retinue or num- 
 ber of follo'vcrs ; a protedion ; the line of 
 powJcr which reaches to a min": yi :rjin 
 of artilUiy is the cannon accunapan)iiij; an [to pierce thioiinh 
 army. To TRANSFO'RM, V. A. \:rnnffon!,^, 
 
 To TR AIPSR, V A. to wallt io a care- ] Fr] to change the external form ; to change 
 lefs or lUniilh manner. | into^'me ether form. 
 
 TRAI I . S. (Fr.] ailrokeor touch. j TRANSFORM \' FIOM, S. the yCx of 
 
 TR.^'ITOR. S. \tr.7ltr,, Fr. fiom tiudi ;chanf?_ini> from one form inro anotlier. 
 'ov, L.it loncuho bcirays any tiiUj. I To 'tRAN'SFL'SK, V. A. \ r'-pr-ft-'ns, 
 
 TR Vn OROUS, Adj. betraying ; de- ) Lat.) to ;>onr out of one veHel ln;o anotiier; 
 ceitful. I to cominunica'c. 
 
 TRA'MF.L, or TR.VMMFL. S. [mw- TRAN.SFU^ION, S. the . a of pom Ing 
 /».././, Fr. ) a net in which buds or fiiU arc I out of one veHel into annihir ; communica- 
 caught ; akind of Ihacklcs in which horfcsare I tion. Among Anatomills, the .irt of con- 
 taijoht to p .ce. I veying the blood of one animal into an- 
 
 To TRa'jMMF.L, V. A. to ratch or ia- j otj.er. 
 tercept : u'ed with ,v^. I To TR ANSGRE'SS, V. A. {irtmf^rrjllr^ 
 
 To TRA'MPLF, V. A. [trarr.['c, Dan. ] Fr. // jr/^r./7 j, Lit ) to pafs over or hcyondj 
 pride, inioUncc, cr to violate or !ire.)k a law 
 
 TRANSGRI SSION, S. a breich or vio- 
 lation of a j.iw ; exceejing due biiimds. 
 
 TR A'N .W !•: N' T. Adj . [ tranfum, l.at. j foon 
 paft, of iliort continuance. 
 
 TRANSl'ENTLY, Adv. llightly ; by the 
 by 
 
 to tread undtr foot with pr 
 contempt. Neuteily, to tread qiiii-k and 
 loudly. Fijjur.itivcly, to beat down wiih con- 
 tempt, ufcd witii on, or uf-on, 
 
 TRANCE, S [johnf)n pDpofet writing 
 il rr./n/c, to a;:rce in etymology with f/j'.yt', Fr. 
 trarjitus, Lat.j a (late of the foul, Mlicreio it 
 
 is wrapt into vifions of future or cclellial TR A'NSIT, S. fcr^K/n/r, Lat.l in AOro- 
 things, and tlie bodv feems infcnfible, i nomy, the p. '(Ting of any planet jufl I y or un- 
 
 TRA'NQUIL, Adj {trancuille, Ff. tran- j der any fixt (l.;r." 
 ^m;//:/!, Lat.j^uict orunJillurlK-d. TRANSI'TION, S. [ii:-inft>, Lat.] rc- 
 
 TRANCH'I'LLirY, S. [trartjinUlu', Fr. ] moval, pallace, chance; the aft of p^fHrg 
 trar.ju'u'ilus. i.at. 1 calmnefs, ftiUncfs, an un- j from one fuhjcifl tu anoilicr. 
 difturbed (late of the mind. j TRA'NSITIVE, Adj. havinq the nower of . 
 
 TRANS, in composition, is borrowed from | pafOng. In Grammar, applied to verbs which 
 the Latin, and fiinifics over, Ixyond, through, fionify any action having an efteft on fon e 
 or change of Hate or place. objeiff. 
 
 TolRANS.A'CT, V. A. [ tr.-:r.fantnA TRA'NSI TORY, Adj. [ rrd;y7/t/rf,Fr.] 
 Lat.] to conduft or manage any trcity or] conrinuing l);;t tor a Ihort time, 
 affair ; to perform or carry on. i To TR.AN'SLA'TF, V. A [ rnT'Jla/as, 
 
 TRANSA'CTION", S. a negotiation ; any ] Lat.] to tranfport or remove from one place 
 biifinefs carrying on. | or pod to imother 5 to tnn.tfer or convey ; to 
 
 To TRANSCE'ND. V. A. [r/^jn/VWa, j change ; to give the fcnfe of any bo k, or 
 Lat. i to pafs, excel, cr furpafs. fentencc, in another lang-uagc ; from tranlh. 
 
 TRANSCENDE'NCY, S. \ir,i.if;K,ier,f]a,\ter, Vt. 
 Lat.] excellency ; furpufllng others in any 1 TRANSLATION, S. the meaning or 
 good quality or perfec'tion. j fenfc of a book or fentence written in a 
 
 TRANSCE.N'DE NT, Adj. extraordinary J , language rendered into another ; a removal 
 admirable. from a place. In Canon Law, it i.'s the re- 
 
 To TRAN.SCRl'BE, V. A. [/'■/in/'f/i^., ; moving of a billiop from one diocefe to an- 
 Lat.] to copy any writing. | other. 
 
 TRA'NSCkHT, S. [fjr.fcriftum, Lat.J 
 any thing copied from an original. 
 
 TRAiNSCRl'PTlON, S. the aft of tran- 
 fcribing or copying. 
 
 TRANSCU'RSION, S. the aft of run- 
 ning or palling from one place to another. 
 
 To TR/^N.SFE'R, V. A. [transfrro, Lat. 
 iransfutr, Fj.j tocoti'/ev or xnake over to an- 
 other. 
 
 TRANSLU'CID, Adj. [tranjjuddus. Lat.] 
 tranfparent. 
 
 TRANSMA'RINE, Adj. [ travfrrannus, 
 Lat.] from beyond fea ; coming from parts 
 bcvond the fea. 
 
 To TRA'NSMIGRATE, V. N. [irarf. 
 m'lgratus, Lat.] to pafs from one country or 
 place to another. 
 
 TRANSMIGRATION, S. the aft of 
 -; M 4 pairing
 
 T R A 
 
 nafHiin; dntn one frnfe or pl.x-e to anotlicr. 
 
 TRAnSMI'SSABLE, Aa'y c;ip?ble of be- 
 iiip convcycvl. 
 
 TIlANsMT^SrON, S. the a£> of convey- 
 in" from one pirce to anotha, or dcMvering 
 f;.ini one ])bcc to an..thfr. 
 
 •jo IRANSMir, V. A. \t,:;.f!r:k:c: 
 Lit. I to fend or deliver down t'loni one per- 
 fo;i, p!icp, or a^e, to another. 
 
 E 
 
 I-at.] to pafs thrcnigh in vspour, or moi- 
 rture. 
 
 1 RANSVE'RSE, Adj. [trj^fvcrfus, Lat.] 
 in a crofs dire(ftion. 
 
 TRAP, S. \trjff^.; Sax. trj/^e, Fr. traf- 
 J>c.'tr, [ill.] a fnarc fctto catcli thieves or ver- 
 min; a (tratat^eni to cath, or l-ftray lindwares. 
 
 To TRA^^ V. A See Cntra'p. 
 
 TliA'.'PING, S. [JeiivcJ, by Mindicw, 
 
 1 R.'NSMU' r.AUl.E, Adj. \ti\7n5 and I from (:^'.i/i, Fr. clothj ornamenti belonging 
 
 riifaUi.'H:, Lat ] cipahle ot" being changed 
 from (ine n~;ituri:. or fiihflarxc, to anot!;r.r." 
 
 TR AN S.M'JT.i'Ti O.V, S. [Tr. ] di.inge 
 from one n<;tiiie or iub!laiicc to another. 
 
 To iRANSMU'J't, V. A. [fuir/mutMe. 
 Lat J to change one fublbtice or nutter into 
 aiiotii. -r. 
 
 'FRA'N'SOM, S. [tr.i!:j'a:nfl, Lat.] in 
 Bviilvlir,;:, a beini goinp acrofi or athwart. 
 
 'jRANSPA'RKS-CY, S. fof tran[*>arc!i:. 
 
 to a fdjdle j drcfs. 
 
 T"RASH, S. [tros, Ifl. aruftn, Tent.] any 
 thing woirhlcfs, or unwliolfomi" ;'droJs. 
 
 To TRA.SH, V. A. to lop, crop, ox 
 crufl). 
 
 To TRA'VAIL, V. N. [trai-allh, Fr.j 
 to labour hard j to be in labour. 
 
 TRA'VAIL, S. hard labour; the anguift 
 of child-birth. 
 
 To TRA'VtX, V. N. to make joumics, 
 Lat.^i tliat quality oFa body which rcudcrs it | applied both to fea and land, uluch wc fomc- 
 c-ify to belten thiough ; fiec from ltd mcnti times ufc it in oppolition to -•cygi:, a word in 
 ormivJ. I our language appopristed to the Tea. To 
 
 TRAN.^PA'REMT,Adj.[Fr.] that which mu!;c j.juinies in order to hv'Ay curiofity, 
 jr.ay be fccn ihioug!) ; cle-r ; free irom ledi- 1 learn tlie dillercnt m.mners of diffirent (tates, 
 n;en's or mud. , ar.d improve tlie mind with fuch particulars 
 
 TRAX'SPIKATION, S. a breatliing of. as arc r;0t to be met with in our native coun- 
 vapijurs throu;;h the pores of the fliiii. j try. Acftiveiy, to pafs in a journey. 
 
 To TRANSPIRE, V. A. [,r-«/>;r&, Lat.i TRA'VELLPR, S. one that makes jour- 
 tearfi/'iei-, Fr.] to cniicin vapour. Ncuttriy,! nies or voyages, cither for profit or improve- , 
 to be emitted in vapours j to tfcape from fc- ment. 
 
 cic.-- to notice. 1 To TRAVERSE, V. A. [/ra^rr/VrjFr.] 
 
 lo i RANSPLA'NT, V. Pi. [.'rrtn/-! to ciofs or lay athwart : to thwart of oppofej 
 
 /./ji::;;-, Fr.j to rtmove and plant in a ncw! to oppofe fo as to anmi! ; to crofs or wan- 
 
 phc--. ; der over. Neuteriy, to ufe a poftureofop- 
 
 Tii.ANSPL.ANTA'TION, S. the ad of, pofirion in fencing, 
 rsnwjvino; from one p!:!cc to another. j TKA'VES'l'Y, Adj. f'/'.^^O'?', Fr.] dreflcd 
 
 io TRAN'Si'O'R']', V. A. [/,5r/;c;-.V/-,lridicul(.fly;builclMUtJ. 
 Fr.] io carry, or convey by carriage, from I T" AL'M'A TIC, S. \T^!iv,ua.riya, Gr.] a 
 one place to another; to carry into bai.ifli- 1 med!ci.ne good for tlit curt of vvounds. 
 ment ; to hu'ry by violence of pillion ; toi TRAUMA'/ iC, Adj f Tjau.'/aTixo?, Gr.] 
 put in extacy. i belonging to the cure of woui ds. 
 
 TRAN'.Si ORT, S. a violent hurry of; TRAY, S. It^wed.] a (hallow wooden 
 riflioi ; a rspture; a II. ip cmplo\cd to carry! trough, in whicli meat or Hlh is carrcd. 
 foJ.ier , r,m:r.unilion, or warlike (tores, Irom I J RtiACHEROUS, Adj. guilty of de- 
 cne pl.iL\- to anotlicr. fcrting or betraying. 
 
 TRANSP'ORTARLE, Adj. capable of TREA'CHtROUSLY, Adv. pcrfidioufly ; 
 Lei n J moved from one place to anciher. j clandcHincly. 
 
 TRAK.SPORTA' ilO-^, S. carriage from ' TREA'CHERY, S. [tnckerk, Fr.] breach 
 eve place to anotlicr j LaniflnBcnt for certain i of faith, duty or trufl. 
 
 cn:r.e-. i "I REA'CLE, S. | pionounced /'/■(•f/? ; from 
 
 To TRANSPO'SE, V. A. [tr6i:f{.Dfir,\:rladc,Yr. maLe, Belg.J a medicine com- 
 
 Fr. j to put c;ich into the place of'ihelpoied of many ingredients ; the fpume of 
 
 otiicr. 
 
 TR Aiw.SPO'SITION, S. the aa of chang- 
 inp^ the order or n'.dcc of lhli;gs. 
 
 ^Vo TiXANSUIiS'l'A'Ni lATE, V. A. 
 [/.•• ■■n'u'f!,w:tkr, Fr.j to change to another fub- 
 liatice. 
 
 lugar. 
 
 To TREAD, V. N. fpronounced frrJ; 
 preter trcd, part, pafl! ticdden ; trudan, Goth. 
 tid,.n, Sax. t' edcn, Bclg. j to place the foot up- 
 on anything; to trample in (corn or mjlice; 
 to walk with pomp. To cofulate, applied 
 
 TR.4N^UBSTANTIATION, S. f Fr.] | to birds. AcTiveiy', to w-lk upon j toprefs 
 the dof^rnc of the Romifh church, wherein | under foot. 
 th V maintain that the elements of bread ;;nd| TREAD, S. the rft of ftepping ; way, or 
 
 vine are, in the f-.cramcnt, changed inlo thei path ; the cork's pait in an egg. 
 ijal body and blood of Chiift. I TRL'ADLE, S. the part of an 
 
 To aRAKSU'DE, V. A. ltiar.i anijudo, worked \v:th the feet j the jperm of; 
 
 engine 
 a cock. 
 TREA'-
 
 T R E 
 
 TRH'ASOK, S. [trd-ljln, Fr.] an off.ncc 
 aj^ainfVthc cli{;nity and majcUy of a king or 
 toniniunwcal'.h. 
 
 T!lKA'SONA!?LE, Adj. traynous; lia- 
 ble til lie conflnieJ, or interpretcc! trcafoii. 
 
 'I Rr.A'Sl'RE, S. fpior.ounccfd trejurc, 
 wit!] tlie e (liovt ; //y/L'', Fr. j \vcjl:h or riches 
 hoarded pp or accutBiil.T^cd. 
 
 To TUK'ASUR:., V. A. to lioarJ, sccl-;- 
 niu'.itr or an; ifs. 
 
 TRK'ASL.RER, S. [tn/cncr, Fr."] ens 
 who hiis tlic keeping and difpofing of the nio- 
 luv bclonj;i{)j' to a prince, Pate, or company. 
 lorii liiabTieafurer, an office; wlio has liic 
 charge iiPd mjnai'cmem ot all ihc king's mo- 
 ney in tlic Kxcliccjiifr. 
 
 TkR'ASL'KY, S a place in xvhidi liches 
 or money are laid up or arcumula(fd. 
 
 To TREAT, V. A. [pronounced rmr ; 
 tr-Atcr, Yy.] to ne;>olIatc or fettle. To dif- 
 courfe oPj ufed with ou or vf^n ; from tri:fi», 
 Lat. To iii'e ; to m;majje or cany oti. Neu- 
 terly, to difc<^urfe oruifciils ; from tn.lir^ Fr. 
 or trahtian. Sax. To c^rry c'n a treaty or ne- 
 gociation, followed by 'r'itk. To cnteitain a 
 pcrfon at a fexft 
 
 TRE-*'!', S, an entertaii-mmt given. 
 
 TRE'A nSE, S. a difcourfc on any fuhjcfl 
 
 T RE' \ TMENT, S. I tra:Tv:ev.t, Fr.J uiagc 
 
 TRE'ATY, S. {t>.x\ti\ Fr.J a covenant cr 
 agreement. 
 
 TRF/nLF, Adj. (fnil.,Fi:ri^Lx, Lat.] 
 in jVIufic, fh^.rp, aprlicd lo fcnnd. 
 
 ToTRh'BLE, v. A. [//;>/>;•, Fr.] to 
 multiply by three ; to ni-'ke thrice as much, 
 Neutirly, lo become thieerdd 
 
 TREE, S. 'r.'wGoth ;.nd Ifl. r'-fc7y, Sax ] 
 a large vegot blc, lifingin a fing!e woody ftrm 
 to a ccnlidernbie he:,f;lit, and fprcading with 
 fcvcral hnnches. Fipiiratively, any thins 
 brancli'd o -t. 
 
 TRE'tOJL, S. [tnfe, Fr.] three-leaved 
 grafs. 
 
 T RELLIS, S, \trei'A-s, Fr.] a flru<flure of 
 iron, wood, orofier, when put acrofs each 
 other like a iat'-ice. 
 
 TRELLl'SED, Adj. wrought in the man- 
 ner of a lattice or ^ratc. 
 
 To TRE'.MBLE, V. N. [trmbkr, Fr.] to 
 fliake or (Liver with fear or cold. 
 
 ■J'RE'i^vlBLING, Adj. Ihaking or fhivcring 
 with fear or ct.lJ. 
 
 TREM/NDOU."?, Adj. [tnmendus, l.zt.'] 
 afre<nine; with, or caufing fear or dread. 
 
 TRE'MOR, S. [(remor, Lat.J a ftate of 
 fliakingor tiemMn". 
 
 TRKMU'LOU.S,° Adj. [tremulus, Lat.] 
 quaveiing ; ihaking. 
 
 T.'\EN, S. an indrument ufed for Oriking 
 fiih r.t fca. 
 
 - To 1 RENCH, V. A. [trar.de-, Fr.] to 
 cut ; to cut or dig into pits or trenches. 
 
 TRENCH, S. \t.ancbe, Fr.] a pit or 
 ditch, ill iiortification, eaith thrown up to 
 
 T R I 
 
 defend foldicra in tiieir approaches, orto C'.i:ird 
 a camp. 
 
 TRE'N-dHANT, Adj. [Fr.] cu-.ting; 
 inarp. 
 
 •IRE'NCHKR, S. [trnu-hir, Fr.] apiece 
 of wood ufed indcad of a pbtc to cut mtut on ; 
 a tabic ; a fold; a f-iuare cap worn by (tu- 
 dents in the uiiivcrhties. 
 
 lo TREND, V. N. tc tc:^d ; to inclir.i 
 to any particular dirciflion. 
 
 'I"RE'M:LE, S. \iycra':I, Sax.] any thing 
 found. 
 
 TREPA'N, S. [Fr.] an inf}iument by 
 whicli round piicfs arc cut out of the (hull. 
 A fnarc ; i'wnn I'kapanj, a pait of Italy, 
 where our" (hip.<; being inlidioully invited in 
 I the rcij^n of (;>_ E!i2;tl)Cti),. uere uujuJily de- 
 tained. 
 
 I ToTREPA'N, V. A. {mt-aner, Fr. ] to 
 Ip.crforate with th.e trepan; to c.itth or cn- 
 I fuai e. 
 
 TRE'PJD, Adj. [tnfidui, Lat.] tremhlinT • 
 'cjuaKinQ Ut fear. 
 
 TREPIDATIOXT, S. [Fr ] Ihaking 
 lthrou[;ii fear ; trembling. 
 I TREPMDI TY. S. timidity ; fearfulnefs. 
 
 To TR[-.'SPAS.=;, V. A. [trej:^oJ]cr, Fr.} 
 I lo tranfgrefs, or olfend by f>me injurv. Ufed 
 with aga'inji, to enter a pcrfbn's ground un- 
 l.iwfully. 
 
 TKE'SPASSj S. [Fr ] an ofTence, orinjii. 
 ry done another ; unl;iwful entrance on an- 
 other's ^»round. 
 
 TREiPA'cSER, S. one that cfflnds 
 again (t the law; one that injuies another j 
 an unlawful cnterer on another's oround. 
 ^ TRE'SSR:!, S. [It has nohnguiar; /;r/i^-, 
 Ft. creaia, Ital.j knots or cui Is of hair hang- 
 ing down loofeiy. 
 
 TRESTLE, S. [trejiiau, Fr.J the frame 
 of a table. 
 
 TRE i", S [perhaps from tiiu:, Lat.J an 
 allowance made for the wafte or refufe of any 
 commodity. 
 
 TRE' VET, S. [driefet. Sax. trepleJ, Fr.] 
 any thing Handing on three feet : generally 
 applied lo an iron frame, on wliich a pot. Sec. 
 is fupported on a fire. 
 
 TREY, S. [/m, Lat. /;w, Fr.J a three at 
 cards or dice. 
 
 THI'AD, S. [tries, Lat. Hade, Fr.J three 
 united. 
 
 TRIAL, S. [from Trv] a teft or exa- 
 mination ; experience; an experiment. In 
 Law, the examination of a caule according 
 to the laws of the realm ; a temptation, or 
 ted of virtue ; the (fate of being tried. 
 
 fRI'ANGLE, S. [Fr. triavgulum, Lat.] 
 any thing three-cornered. 
 
 TR1'/*NGULAR, Adj. [ frw WaWi, 
 Lat.J having three corners j in the ftJrm of 
 a triangle. 
 
 TRIBE, S. [tribu, Yv.trlbus, Lat.] a di- 
 ftln(ft body ot peoples. 
 
 TRIBULA-
 
 T R I 
 
 T R I 
 
 TRIBULA'TION, S. [Fr.] psrfccut'on, i the catch by \vhich a muflcet is difchargCiJ. 
 
 TRl'GON, S. [tr:goi:us, Lat. T^ij/ivcf, 
 Gr.] a figure confiftinj; of three a-nojes j a 
 triangular in Itnimtnt ufid in dialling. 
 
 TKIGOXOME'IRY, S. [-rpiy^vo; and 
 ,uET,-ov, Gr. ) die art of meafurini; triangles. 
 
 TRILATERAL, Adj. [tns\a,i Juiercini, 
 
 l^/r/y/ij, Ital. ] a quaver or un- 
 Acflivelv, 
 
 cTinrcfs, or vexation. 
 
 !< TRIBU'NAL, S. [Lat. and Fr.] the feat 
 
 of a judge: a court of ju (lice. 
 
 TRl'BUNE, Jv. an oi^icer among the Ro- 
 mans chofen by the people. Th; comman- 
 der ij) u le.ion. 
 
 TRinuTA'RY, Adj. [ulbutarius, Lat.] i Lat. 1 having three (ides, 
 jjaying t;ixc.s or tiiliure. I TRILL, S 
 
 TR I'liUTE, S. \tnl-ut, Yr.trlbMtuin, Lat. \ j dulation of tlie voice, 
 piymcnt made as an acknowledgment of fub- j To TRILL, V. N. totjuaver, 
 K'<nion. f° trickle, or fall down in drops. 
 
 TRICE, S. [fuppofcd by Johnfon to be TRI'LLIOM, S. [i<illon, Fr.] ten hun- 
 corruptcd frowi t>\i\t, Fr.] a ihort time, or an dreds of thouftnds oi billions, 
 inlfar.t. TRIM, Adj. [gttrymcth, Sax.] nice or 
 
 TRICF'NNIAL, Adj. [tric£nm.t!is, Lat.] I Well drellid. 
 belvMiging to the teimof thiity-years. | ToTRlM, V. A. [/n«r.-a>f, SaK ] to fit 
 
 TRICK, S. [rrerk, Relg j a fly fraud, or j out, or adorn ; to fliavc ; to balance a VilTel. 
 <i.'strou< artifice ; a numbcrof cards confuting Ncuterly, to be in fufpenfc which to choofc cl 
 of one played l;y c.ich concerned in the game, t^^o parties or opinions, 
 and laiJtogctiicr. | ^ R IM, S, drc4s. Among Mariners, the 
 
 To TRICK, V. A. [tncicr, Fr.] to idifpofition of the riggitrg, proportion ot bal- 
 cbc3r,impofeon, or defraud j todrefs, .idorn, 'laft, and loading, v.hich conduce to make a 
 or knot ; from trica, low Lat. a knot of hair, | ftiip fail failed. 
 tt;:uj, Ital. '1 o perform by Height of hand. | TRI'MMER, S. one who changes fides ; 
 
 TRl'CKING, Adj. cheating} crafty ; de- ;a pie:c of wood put in. 
 coitful. TRI'MMLN'GS, S. ornaments to fct off 
 
 TRI'CKIN'GLY, Adv. in a cheating, cloaths, &c. 
 friuduleiu, and deceitful m.inncr. | TRl'MNESS, S. neatnefs in drefs; fpruce- 
 
 To TRICKLE, V. N. [Tpf/iw, Gr.] tojnefs. 
 run down in ftreams or drops. i TRINE, S. an afpecV of pbn.-ts pliced in 
 
 TR1CK.S PER, S. one v\ho .cheats or de- [three angles of a trigon, fuppofcd by Adro- 
 fr<!ikU; a wily and deceitful perfon. Ilogers to be particularly propitious. 
 
 TRi'c.KSY, Adj. pretty. I TRlNi TA'RIAN', S one who main- 
 
 TR1'J">EN r, S. fo/./t-nj, Lat.] the three-] tains the trinity of pcrfons in the God- 
 forked fceptvcof Neptune, the fabulous god head. 
 
 ntfhefea; any inftrument or tool, which 
 has three prongs or fangs. 
 
 TRI'DING, S. the third part of a 
 tf.imty. 
 
 TRI'DING MOTE, S. a court-lcet; the 
 ctiUit held for striding. 
 
 TRI'DUAN, Adj. lading three days. Oc- 
 curring every third Jay. 
 
 •!R|1 'MNIAL, Adj. {tricrmu Lat. [trKn- 
 rd, Fr.J lalfing three years j happening every 
 lliii'd'}ejr. 
 
 TRl'FID, Adj. cut or fcparatcd into three 
 parts. 
 
 lo TRI'FLE, V. N. \tryfj=r:, BeIg.]to 
 ace or talk without any weight, dignity, or 
 snipoitancc. 1 o mock, or play the fool 
 ■with, followed by TOiVi). To be of no im- 
 portance. 
 
 TRI'FLE, S. a thing of no weight, value, 
 «r importance. 
 
 TRI'FORM, Adj. [;r;/i;»wu,Lat.] having 
 three ftapes or forms. 
 
 To TRIG, V. A. [tihkr, Dan.] to flop 
 5 wheel i to fet a mark to (land at in playing 
 atnliicpias, &c. 
 
 TRIGA'MY^ S. [rpiy^fMa, Gr.] the 
 crime of having ibtee hulbmds or wivfs. 
 
 Fr.] a catch to 
 
 TRl-GGSR, .S. [I'icjgf, 
 hiAd tijc wheflofucaniJ" 
 
 ge oa lleep ground ; I failure ; a thoit voy 
 
 TRI'NITY, S. [trrkf, Fr.] the incom- 
 prehenfible union of the three pcrfons in the 
 Godhead. 
 
 TRI'NITY-HOUSE, S. a corpor.tion of 
 fea-faring men, wlio have the luptrinrendence 
 of;ea-marks, pilots, and other matters be- 
 longing to navigation. 
 
 TRI'NITY ^SUNDAY, S. the firft Sun- 
 day after Whit-bunday. 
 
 TRI'NKET, S. 3 toy; a Ihowy ornament, 
 worn chiefiy by women. 
 
 TRINOCTIAL, Adj. [tnnoSIlalh, Lat.] 
 confifting, or having the continuance of three 
 nights. 
 
 IRIVO'MIAL, Adj. [triromlus, Lat.] 
 having three names. 
 
 TRiO'NES, S. in Alhoncmy, aco*flella- 
 tion of fevcn ftars in Lrfa Minor, called 
 Charles's Wain. 
 
 To TRIP, V. A. {tnj:fen, Belg.] to 
 throw down by fSriking the feet from the 
 ground with a fudden blow, ufed >*ith :./>. 
 To catcii or detcift. Neuterly, to Lll by nip- 
 ping the feet j to fail, <?rr. or be deficient j to 
 tumble; ti^^run on tiptoe, or lightly j to take 
 a Ihort royage, 
 
 'I RIP, S. a droVe by whie-h a perfon's 
 :ieels are kicked ii!>: a llumi^le ; a millake or 
 ge or journey. 
 
 TRIFA'R-
 
 T R I 
 
 T R O 
 
 TRIPA'RTITE, Aiij. {tnfartUus, Lat.] j TRI'UMPH, S. [triumplw, Lst. trkmple, 
 Jividcd into three parts, or made by three j Fr. I the pompoii'i procclTlon with which a 
 purtics. j victory ii celebrated ; the Itate of being vie- 
 
 TRIPA'RTITION, S. the aft of dividing! toiious ; vidory. 
 
 by thiec 
 
 IRIPK, S. [Yi\ tnj^a, Iial. and Span. J 
 the intelUncsor guts. 
 
 TRIl'tl A'LOUS, Adj. fr-ijand Trsra- 
 Aiv, Gr^ j coiifilhng ut three leaves. 
 
 TRI'I'HIONCtUE, s. ill Grammar, 
 three vowels making l.utonc (oun<i. 
 
 TRIFLE, Adj [Fr. //-.■/./..v, Lat. J three- 
 fold. - • 
 
 To TRIPLE, V. A. U'ibLr, Fr, trifi/karc, 
 Lat.j to mulie three-fold j to multiply by 
 thtce. 
 
 TRI'PLET, S. three of a kind j thice 
 vcffcs ending in the fame rhime. 
 
 TRl'i'DCA i E, Adj. [triflk^tus, Lat.] 
 
 To 1R^UM.^^H, V.N, [trhrrpZ-e, Lat] 
 ti:t:}):pbcr, tr.] to celebrate a vidtory witli 
 pomp or joy to obtain a viilary. 7'o triumph 
 c^.v , to iiifult an account of ibme advantage 
 gained. 
 
 • TRrUMPIIAL, Adj. [tncmf'i.'a!, Fr, trt- 
 unijihiilis., Lat.) beionoing to a triiimpli, 
 
 TRI'UMViR, S. I Lat. I one of the three 
 ufiirpers that govcriH'd ancient Ronic, and 
 were filled tiiunuiri. 
 
 TRl'UMVJRATE, .S. [triunwat, Fr. 
 trium-viniui, Lat.] a governmct>t by three 
 pcrftjns ; the g.-ivcmmcnt of ancient Rome by 
 the triumviri or three ufurpcrs. 
 
 rRl'L'NE, .S. [irom :rc:. in vnc, Lat,] 
 
 three-fold. Triplkate idiio, in Mathematics, | term to esprcfs the unity of the Godhead is 
 
 is the ratio of cubi-s being geometricjlly pro- 
 portijnal, the ratio of tlie rirll to the lalt be- 
 ing triplic;itc <if the fird to tiie fecond, 
 
 'l RIPLICA' riON, S, the act of making 
 three-told, or taking any quantity or number 
 three times 
 
 IRirLI'ClTY, S, {triflkUc, Fr.] the 
 quality of being three- fold. Among altrolo- 
 gers, the divilion of the hgns according to the 
 numiier of ti.e elements, allowing three ligns 
 to each divilion. 
 
 TRl'J'LY, Adv. in a threefold manner. 
 
 TRl'POD, S, [/ Ipcdlum, Lat.] a thrce- 
 footcd-ltool. 
 
 TRl'POLY, S. a ftone ufed in polilhing 
 jewels and mctais. 
 
 TRIPPING, Adj. (tumbling; fanltering. 
 .Figuratively, deviating from the rules of cha- 
 ftity. 
 
 TRIPUDIA'TION, S. [tripudrum, Lat.] 
 the act of dancing. 
 
 TRl'REME. S. [trhcmhy Lat.] a galley 
 having three rows of oars on each fide. 
 
 TRI -Y'LLABLE, S. {tiijyuaLui, L^t.} 2. 
 word confiliing of three fyiliblcs. 
 
 TRITE, .-tdj. [triti.Sy Lat.] worn out, 
 ftale ; common. 
 
 TRI'TE>-F,SS, S. commonncfs; Ralcnefs. 
 _ TRI' 1 HEISTS, S. fT^;JETa,, Gr.j here- 
 tics holding three d:!ti!i(ft Godheads. 
 
 thiee pcribns. 
 
 TRO'CHEE, S, S'.roch^us, Lat, Tfox^i-.i, 
 Gr.] m Grammar, a toot in Greek and Latin 
 poetry confilting of two Syllables, thcfirft long 
 and ilic other Ihort. 
 
 TRO'CHINGS, S. the fmall br.-.nches on 
 the top «*f a deer's head. 
 
 TRO'CHLE.A, S. is one of the fix mecha- 
 nical powers, commonly called a pully. 
 
 TRO'CHOLLS, S. fot 'rpo;yc«, Gr,] thn 
 part of mechiuics that treats ot ciiCular mo- 
 tion. 
 
 TRO'CHUS, S. [rpexT, Gr.] a wheel ; 
 any thing round. 
 
 TRODE, preterof Treai>. 
 
 TRO'GLODYTE, S. [Gr.] one who in- 
 habits caves of the earth. 
 
 To TROLL, V. A [trdUn, Belg,] to roll, 
 or move circularly. Neuterly, to move, or 
 run round ; to filh for a pike with a rod which 
 has a pully towards the bottom. 
 
 TRO'LLOP, S. [See Trull] a woman 
 who diefles flatternly. 
 
 TRO'NAGE, S, the aft of weighing wool 
 in a public market ; the toll paid for weigh- 
 ing wool. 
 
 TRO'NATOR. S. an officer appointed to 
 weigh all the wool brought into the city of 
 London . 
 
 TROOP, S. ':iroupe, Tr.troppa, Ital. troopf. 
 
 TRI' ; ON, S. [Fr.j a fabulous fea-deiiy,] B?lg. .'riyS, Swcd J a company or number of 
 
 faid to be Neptune's trumpeter ; a vane or 
 weather- cock. 
 
 To TRITURAT!:, V. A. [trkurer, Fr.] 
 to pulverize, to reduce to a powder. 
 
 TKITURA'TION, S. in Pharmacy, the 
 aft of pounding in a mortar. 
 
 TRI'VET, S. SeeTHEVzT. 
 
 TRI'VIAL, Adj. [Fr. crhLii;!, Lat.] 
 vvorthlefs; trilling j of no weight or im- 
 portar.cc. 
 
 TRI'VIALLY, Adv. inamean, worthlefs, 
 or trifling manner. 
 
 TRIVIA'LNESS, S. meannefs j worth- 
 leflhefs ; tnfllng:u-fs ; of r.o weight or impor- 
 tance. 
 
 people col Icfted together j a fmall body of 
 horfe or dragoons, ufually 50 commanded by 
 a captain. 
 
 To TROOP, V. A. to flock or gather to- 
 gether ; to march off, or run away. 
 
 TROO'PER, S. a dragoon; a foldier that 
 fights on horfeback. 
 
 TROPE, S. [trope, Fr. trcpus, Lat. TpoTrof, 
 Gr.] a rhetorical figure, by which a word is 
 ufed in a fenfe different frorri its primary fig- 
 nification. 
 
 TRO'PHY, S. [tropaum, trophau-m, Lat.] 
 arms, or Icmethlng elfc taken frcm a van-' 
 
 tjuiihcd
 
 T R O 
 
 qvnftied enemy, and exhibited as a teltn rf 
 r'Kiory. Tto/^Y-m^fy, is a tax anmjrilly puid 
 by ho life- keepers, or landlords, fordrurrs, co- 
 lons, &c. ior their refpcctivc companxs of 
 militia. 
 
 TRO'PIC, S. [fop:^ve,Tr.ofrpt'^a.',Gr'l 
 in Adronomy a ciirlc of t!ie fplure, paialkl 
 lathe equi'.ioifiiil line, and dilt<-in f.oui it 
 sboirt 23 dcj;. 30 min. to whieli wlici) the fun 
 aiTivcs, he returns a^ain towards the equator. 
 'T'hv-r:: are two tropics, -ciz- the 'Jr.i^ie of 
 C^r.ccr, wliirh is ih.it towards x'. e ariic 01 
 north pole, fo called from Cir.tcr, rlic lion of 
 the ecliptic the fun is in when it comes to 
 this ciiclecn the 2 i fl cf June, v. hen our day 
 i? 1 np.ctl ^nj n!<;lit (hortefi .* v.v.d 7rc;i: oj 
 Cjpnr.m, which ii towards the antartic, 01 
 fouth pole, fo called f:om C.p;ico:T, the fi^n 
 ihc iwn is in vihci he comes to this circk on 
 the 2'ft of Dccemher, whiih makes our 
 thortcfi duV and longetf ni,i>ht ; fo that they 
 Ere the limits of the fun's motion towi;rds the 
 jionh and i'eiuh. 
 
 IRO'PICaL, Adj. rheto.ically clian!>ed 
 from its oiii;iiial Hieaning. Placed near, or 
 ' bet'Toinj; to, the Tropick. 
 
 TROPOLOGICAL, Adj. [i-fOTtoMyiy.o;. 
 Cir.] btlonoing to tropology ; nu,ral. 
 
 I-RO'POLO'GY, >. [Tf(.iio>.oy,a, G/.] a 
 moral d'.fcoiu-fe delivered in tropes or fi- 
 gures. 
 
 TRCSSERS, S. \tro!'JJh, Fr J ufed by 
 ShaRffpear for breeches, or h.ofe. 
 
 To TROT, V. N. \tyot^er, Fr. trr.:tcn, 
 ^..l<r. I to move with a hi^h jclting pace ; to 
 ^A faff. 
 
 'i"R() r, S. the jolting pace of a horfe. la 
 l:w l^n^iia- e, s f<)rry old woman. 
 
 TRoVii, S. [troutb, oUEng.treoth, Sax.] 
 m.th 
 
 TROTTF!^, S. the foot of a (heep. 
 
 To Tl< GC'BLF., V. A. [pronounced trub- 
 £L- ; irom tixuHcr, Fr.] to didnrb. perplex, 
 afilir, z i-vc, diCrcfs, or make uneafy j 10 fue 
 fof a di'bt. 
 
 TKO'ii'HLF, S. fFr'.j a date of perplex'ty, 
 ^Tflt-c-fs, i'lH cVioij, or uneafinefs. 
 
 'jRo'UBLFSOMF, Adj. caufing pcr- 
 fTexiiy or f:iii^ uc, IVom its difticuhy or va- 
 rietv. 
 
 'rRO'^'"FR, S. \rrcn'!,»; Fr.] in Law, an 
 .-(fiion 3 pcrfon has againlt one who, having 
 J< i:nd roods, refufei to deliver them to the 
 t,uncr upon I'emind. 
 
 IFOLG.R, S. fpronornced trrjf; from 
 ine. Huh, Sax. fruJgo, Ital.] any vellci of 
 greater length than breath, having the upper 
 lide open. T)--:iH> of a fea, among Mariners, 
 the hollow between two waves. 
 
 ToTKOUL, V. N. [tioHat Belg.j to 
 «nve or uttii qiiicklv.' 
 
 To TRdT.iNCF, 'v. A. [i'wm treiuor, Fr, 
 according to Skiunerj to punifii by an in- 
 
 T R U 
 
 diriment or information ; to harr-.Ts ; to bob. 
 ble or cheat. 
 
 TROU'SE, or TROU'SFRS, S. \tr:r'lP, 
 Fr. rr:.:-Jh, trfe] the long loofe breeches «orn 
 by failois. 
 
 TROUT, S. adelicafie fpotted fifh, living 
 in brooks 01 dreams. Ufed familiarly to liq- 
 uify an honeft, or perhaps a filly fel!ow. 
 
 i o TKO W, V.N. [ tnctLidi:, Sax. true, 
 Dan] to think or imagine. 
 
 lu TROW, Adv. trulv. 
 
 TROWEL, S. [*;•«<-//,-,' Fr. 1 a tool ufed 
 by mafoHS aijd Lrict.la}ers for fpreading 
 mortar. , 
 
 TROY-WriGHT, S. ji weight of 12 
 ounces to the pound, ufed in weighing gold, 
 drugs, &c. 
 
 'I RL 'ANT, S. [ trtianii, old Fr. treuioam, 
 Bfig.] one who wanders aliout idly, and ncg- 
 hCis his duty and bnfmefs. T; f/.ty ttg 
 tiuant, is to be abfeiit from fchool without 
 leave. 
 
 TRUCF, S. [trcgua, Ital. tnnr, old Fr] 
 a cefI.".ilori from hofiiliiies for a certain time. 
 
 TRUCIDA'TION, S, ca.-nagc ; but<^her- 
 ing; cruel murder. 
 
 To TRUCK, V.N. {tioqvir, Fr. trucc.irc, 
 Ital. trccjy. Span.] to give one commodity or- 
 thing in exchange for another. 
 
 TRUCK, S. exchange ; wooden wheels 
 for carriage r.f cannon ; from Tfo;^''?, Gr. 
 
 To Ti<U CKLE, V. N. rTf'o;:^.'xjov. Gr.] 
 tofufemit, yield, or buckit to. 
 
 HMIUTKLE, S. a little running wheel. 
 
 TRU'CULENT, Adj. (lein, fierce, or 
 cruel 
 
 To TRUDGE, V.N. [tniggiclarefV.zX.l 
 to travel or jog on heavily. 
 
 TRUE, Adj. [tix^nvc, tn.^i'a. Sax.] agree- 
 ing with iadt, or tjie nature of things. Ge- 
 nuiiie, oppofcd to counterfeit. Faiihful, exadt^ 
 honclL 
 
 '1 RUF-PE'NNY, S. a familiar exprefiloii 
 for an honeft fellow. 
 
 iRU'FFi-H;, S. [tn'.ffe,YT.] an exquifiie 
 rcot, ufed in fauces. 
 
 TJ'.ULL, is. \truUa, Ital.] a low and mean. 
 pvoUaute- 
 
 TRli'LY, Adv. faithfully ifince'ely. 
 
 TRUMP, S. [trrmfe, Eelg. ar>d old Fr. 
 trar.ha, Ita!.] a trumpet; a card of the fame 
 forr with that which is lumetl up, which will 
 win ar.y card t)f another fort, and isthenefoie 
 derived from, and ufed formerly to be written 
 'tr'.i.vij^h. To flit to the trumps, to reduce t» 
 great extvcmities, or to be put to the lall cx- 
 Ipcdient. 
 
 To TRUMP, V. A. to forge 
 I TRUTvIPF'RY', S. uleleft and o'lentatious 
 fhew; paltrv fluff. 
 
 TRU'MPET, S. [t'-cmfsttc, Fr. and Belg.] 
 alon-T wind in!trume:it. Figur.nively, one 
 wh.clouiias a trumpet. 
 
 IRU'iMFE-
 
 TUB 
 
 TRU'M PETER, S. one who blows or 
 fbunJs a fnimoet. 
 
 TRUNCa'TKO, Adj. ffn/v'^!!,', Lat.] cut 
 ftioit ; deprived ot a lirni) ; aiLiimed. 
 
 TPvU'NCHKON, S, U'-cr'c:!i,Vv.] a fhort 
 ftaft'or cudj;cl ; a ftdf? bornt by i prneral ot- 
 ficei- ; a thick Ihort worm bred in the uiaws 
 ofhrr'es. 
 
 To TRirNDLE, V. A. and N. [tront^e'^r, 
 Picard. trcrJel, Sax. a bowlj to roll o-; bowl 
 aloii?. 
 
 TRUNK, S. [tr'^nc, Fr. tnc-.cus, Lat.] t!ie 
 body of a tree ; ilie body ot' an aniiiiiil ; tiie 
 main body of any tliinjj ; a ciieft coir.monl) 
 lined with paper, nfcd for clo.iths ; the |iro- 
 bofcis of an eleph,int 3 a lon^ tube ; from 
 iioirfie, Fr.- 
 
 TRU'NN'IONS, S. [trc^mns, Fr.] the 
 knobs of a gun', by whkh it isfuppoited on 
 its carriage. 
 
 TRU'SrOM, S. [iniJ::, Lat.J t!ie ufl of 
 thruiUng or pufliing. 
 
 TRUSS, S. [tronffcYr.] a banJaf^e ufeJ 
 in ruptures j a bundle of any thing thrult clofe 
 together. 
 
 10 TRUSS, V. A. [frc^pr, F.-.] to 
 p.-:ck up clofe together ; to fit a fowl for the 
 fpit. 
 
 TRUST, ?. Ur<juft, Rim.] reli.vice on 
 another; confident opinioji of any event; 
 credit j Ibmethinij committed to ,i peribn's 
 charge. 
 
 To TRUST, V. A. [trvplan. Sax. tra- 
 ivcn, Teut.] to place confidence in, to believe; 
 to let a perlun h^ivc a commodity without pre- 
 fcnt money ; to commit to a neiTon's care. 
 Neuterly, to be cosifiJcnt of fomethina fu- 
 ture ; to rely upon ; to expccfl 3 (ollowed by 
 to. 
 
 TRUSTE'E, S. one to whom any thino Is 
 made over or beqiuthed for the nJc and bene- 
 fit of another ; a gu:'.rdi.'in. 
 
 TE-USTI'NESS, i. [t.eipd, Sjx.] faith- 
 fulnefs ; fidelity. 
 
 TRU'S TY, Adj. fit to be relied on, or 
 corifided in. 
 
 TRUTH, _S. [tlreoivtha, Sax.] the join- 
 ing or feparating of figns, as the things lijni- 
 fied 3j>ree or difagrec ; conformity of words to 
 thoughts or fa^s ; fidelity; hone.ly ; re- 
 ality. 
 
 To TRY, V. A,, [trier, Fr.] to examine 
 or makcan experiment of ; to experience ; to 
 examine as a judge ; 10 bring before a court 
 of jultice ; to bring to a decifion, followed by 
 tut ; to bring to the telt ; to attempt. Neu- 
 terly, to endeavour. 
 TKY'aL, S. .Sec Trial. 
 TUB, %\tailc, tuhbe, Belg.J a iarga round 
 open velfei of wooJ, the parts of which are 
 held together by hoops. 
 
 TUBE, S. ( Fr. tubus^ Lat.] a pipe, 
 TU'BERCLlii S. Uubtrciile, ifr. tuUn 
 
 T U M 
 
 hnn. Lit,] a fiwiill fwelling or excrefcenci ' ' 
 pimple. 
 
 rU'BEROSF, Adj. {tuherof«!^, Lat.] full 
 of knots, bunches, orbiar.ches. 
 
 TU'BEROSITY, S. \tub':,-rf.ta;, Lat. J 
 knortinefs; a protuberance of iome pjru of 
 Uie body. 
 
 TU'BUL.^R, Adj. long and hollow; re- 
 fcmbling a pipe. 
 
 'lU'BULE, S. a fmall pipe, or fiHuLr 
 body. 
 
 TUCK, S. ["f.vira', Erit ] a long nirrr^ov 
 tword ; a kind of net with a narrow mcih, 
 and along bunt in the middle. 
 
 loTUCK, V.N. [tfuchn, Teut.J uftd 
 with v/', to cruih together or. hinder from 
 rp.eading ; to turn and faflen c'caths up, to 
 make them (hotter. U.'cd with in, to force 
 the ;)cd-cIoaths bet^veen the bed and bcdllead, 
 to keep out llie air. ; 
 
 1 U'CKK.R, S, a Ijorder of linen or Lceon 
 die hofom of a (hift ; a fuller of cloth. 
 
 TUE'SiJAV, S. [t7vefd^<r. Sax. tiffJa^, 
 Dan. d:-:::f}.ig, Teut. dhrjiiciv, Belg. 'T'his 
 Wormiusand Marlhal dtrive^froin TUfi, or 
 /.'/}<7, the wife of Toor ; but John Ton derives 
 tuejdag. Sax: from twv, SaX. Mars] tlie third 
 day ill the week., 
 
 rUFT, S. (f/r;,v,' Fr.ja number of thre ids, 
 ribhatnls, flowers, leivcs, or any fmall bodies 
 [joinedtjgether; ciuder. 
 
 To TUO, V. A. \vga', tengary'i,-\Y..'\ to 
 Ipuilwitli continued violence or ftrength ; to 
 pluck. Neuterly, to pull hard ; to la- 
 boyr. 
 
 TUG, S. the aft of pulling with theutmoft 
 .ind continued eribrt. 
 
 TUITION, S. \tuiuo, Lat.] the c.ire of 
 a gu-irdian or tutor. 
 
 ^TUL1P,S \;.ulipc, Fr. tuUpa, Ital.] ab:-au- 
 tiful well known Hjwer, originally brought 
 fiom 'i'urky. 
 
 To TU'RIBLE, V. N. {v.-nn-jtkn , Belg. 
 t-Milolare, \ix\. tombcr, Fr.j to tali fuddenly 
 on tl-.e ground ; to fall down ; to play 
 tiicks by putting the body into difPerenc 
 po.lures. Ad'tivily, to ti4|-n over in a con- 
 Uifcd manner ; to throw down by chance or 
 violence. . 
 
 TU'MRLE, S. af.dl. 
 TU'MBREL, S. one who puts his body 
 into different poltures, and performs feats of 
 adtivity ; a fpecies of thepigcon ; a drinking 
 vellel. 
 
 TU'MBRrL, S. homlenau, Fr.] a dung- 
 cart ; a ducking- Uool, 
 
 TUMEtA'CMON, S, afwelling. 
 ToTU'MEFY, V. A. to fweli j to have 
 the appearance of a tHrtior. ' 
 
 TU'MJD.Adj. [r-mJus, Lat.J fwollen j 
 puft up. Affwdiedly lotty, applied to ftyle. 
 
 TU'.VIOR, i>. (Fr. tumor', L&t.\ a difeafe 
 in which the p;;itslore their natural ftate by a 
 
 i;reat
 
 T U R 
 
 T U R 
 
 gre.1t increafe of their fize ; a fwelling ; af- 
 jtciteJ pomp or greatnefs. 
 
 TUM U LA'TION', S. the ad of entomb- 
 ing, binrying, or intering. 
 
 TU'MULT, S. [tuTm<itc, Fr, tumulsu^, Lat.] 
 ;i factious ard clamorous aflembly of thcniul- 
 titude i a riot ; a con fu fed hurry. 
 
 TL'MU'LTUOUS, Adj. [tuvn.liueux, Fr.] 
 ^,atherii]^ in a confufed and noify manner 5 
 tinbultr.t ; faftions. 
 
 TUN, S. [itinns, Sax. totint, Bclg. tovni^, 
 tonncau, Fr J a lar^e cafk ; a meafuve contain- 
 
 TU'RBULEN'CE, or TURBULENCY, 
 
 S. [Fr. furouk-rti^, Lat.] a tumu!t or confu- 
 fjon ; ' the quality of not being caiily go- 
 verned. 
 
 TU'RBULENTT, Adj. [tarl^uunfus Lat.] 
 boifterous; tumultuous j not to be go- 
 verned. 
 
 TU'RCOJSE, S. [tur^rcife, Fr.] a pre- 
 cious (lone of a blue colour, biought from 
 Turkey. 
 
 TL'RD, S. [tord, Sax.] ordure; dung. 
 
 TURF, S. [f)v/, S.-.X //;-/, Belg. and 
 
 ini^ two hoi^fneads ; a large cjuantity. Jn Swed.] a clod co.'trcd wiiii grafs ; a part of 
 weight two thou'and pounds ; a cubic ipace in I the furi'acc of the ground. A gtnticn:an of 
 
 a (liip, fuppofed to contain a tun. 
 
 lo I'UN, V. A. to put in cafkn. 
 
 TU'NABLE, Adj. capable of being put in 
 tune, or mr.dc harmonious. 
 
 TUNE, S [ton:. Brig, tr.ii, Swed. tiiono, 
 llA:tonc. Fv. /';««.!, Lat. j a divcrfity of mufical 
 rotes pui together ; found. 7'o l-c in tunc, is 
 to be in a (late proper foi' ufe, exercife, or any 
 particulai- purpofc. 
 
 To TUNE, V. A. to put in a ftate where- 
 in concords may be founded j to fing mufic.lly 
 
 the Tutf, is one who is fond of racing or 
 courfmg. 
 
 TURGE'SCENCE, TURGE'SCENCY, 
 S. the acf of fwelling, or the ftate of being 
 fwol'cn. 
 
 TU'RGTD, Adj. [turgidus, Lat.J fwelling ; 
 bloated ; vainly pompous. 
 
 TU'RKEY, S. a well known fowl. 
 
 TU'RMERICK, S. an Indian roof, which 
 makes a yellow die. 
 
 TU'RMOIL, S. trouble, harrafling, unea- 
 
 In low language, to beat. Neucerly, to form ] finds 
 one found to unothcr; lo utter with a mufical I To TU'RMOIL, V. A. to harrafs with 
 or whining ^Micc. ! tumult or commotion j to keep unquiet. 
 
 TU'NEF.UL, Adj. mufical ; hirmanious ; | To TURN, V. A. [tyrvan. Sax. tourrer, 
 TU'NJC, S. {tuK-quc, Fr. tur.ka, Lat.] a j Fr. from tonw, Lat.] to put in a circular 
 part of tlie Roman drefs, vefembling our] motion, or move round; to change fides, or 
 waiilcoats with very Qiort fleeves ; a cover- put that uppermoft which was undermofl ; to 
 
 TU'NICLE,S. \ti.vAq:ii:, Fr. tuniai/as, Lat.] 
 a thin membranous coat or Ikin covering any 
 part of th-' body. 
 
 TU'NNAGE, S. the contents of a veflel 
 meafurcd by the tun ; a tax laid on a tun bur- 
 then of merchandize. 
 
 TU'NNEL, S. the paflagc for fmoke in a 
 chimney ; a pipe with a conical or globular 
 head, V. ith which licjucr is poured into a caik, 
 or bottle ; a net to catch birds. 
 
 TU'NNY, S. afea-Slh. 
 
 To TUP, V. N, to butt like a ram. Ac- 
 tively, to copulate. 
 
 Tt"RB.'M>I,TURBAND, wrTUREANT, 
 S. [Turk.] the cover of linnen, &c. worn on 
 ri.e he.id by the Turkf. 
 
 TURBA'RY, S. in Law, gix)und where 
 turfs are digged. Coir.mon of turhary is a right 
 of dij/ging nf turf on the lord's wade. 
 
 TUR'BID, Adj. \turhdui, Lat J thick or 
 nuddy. 
 
 TU'RBINATED, S. \turlinatu^y Lat.] 
 twifted, fpiral. In Botany, of a conical 
 form. 
 
 TURBITH, S. 
 ing quality. 
 
 in herb of a ■violer.t purg- 
 
 changc place, poflure, fortune or party j to 
 bring the infide outwards ; to form or trans- 
 form ; to tranflate ; to change, with rei'peft 
 to alf.-ilion, inclination, or legard. To turn 
 theflomach, to caufe na'jfeoufnefs. To make 
 giddy, followed by lead. To direct to, or 
 forni any point or purpofc. To apply, fol- 
 lowed by to. To turn or.ii back, is to fly ; to 
 difregird, followed by upon, lo reverfe or 
 a!i«-r. Ufed with aiout, to revolve or confi- 
 der. To turn atuay, to difmif'; or diicard« 
 7o turn back, to return to the perfon who 
 gave, fcnt, or fold ; to double the contrary 
 way. Ufed with off, to difmifs ; to refign ; 
 to divert. Ufed with of, to advance to an 
 age beyond ; ro exceed. Ufed with o-ver, to 
 transfer ; to throw oiTa ladder. NeiUerly, 
 to move rovmd, to change the poflure quick- 
 ly, fo as to face, ufed with upon. To 
 change or alter. To grow four, applied to li- 
 quors. 
 
 TURN, S. the aft of moving round, or 
 coming back to the fame place; a winding 
 path ; a walk to and fro ', change or altera- 
 tion 5 occafion ; time at which any thing 
 is to be done, or wherein perfo^fS pur-ftually 
 fiiccecd each other; convenience ; form, 
 
 TU'RBITH MINERAL, S. among Che- ^rt, (hape, or manner ; the manner in which 
 
 milts a yellow precipitate of mercury 
 
 TU'KBOT, S. [tarhat, Belg] a delicious 
 lea fifti, well known. 
 
 the words ot a fentence are repeated. By 
 turns, fignifies, altaj-nately^ or one after an- 
 other. 
 
 TU'RNCOAT,
 
 TUT 
 
 TU'RNCOAT, S. one who forfakc'; lils 
 party or principles tor thofe which uic op- 
 pofite. 
 
 TfRNPR, S. [r-.uyKeut, Fr.] one who 
 turns vefll-ls, or men Ills in wodd or metal ; 
 one who fells \.\i: nery wares. 
 
 TURNING, S. a winding ; a ftrect which 
 crofTjs a main road or (freei. 
 
 TU'RNIP, S. a white cfcalent root 
 
 T W I 
 
 TU'TORESS, S. a female inftniclor .; z 
 jjovernefs, 
 
 TU'TTY, S. a fiiblimate of zinc or cala- 
 mine colle<fted in the furnace. 
 
 TUZ, S. a lock or tuft ot hair. 
 
 TWAIN, Adj. [rrtv^f,;. Sax. J two. 
 
 To TWANG, V. N:"'[from the found] to 
 j found with a quick fliarp noife. 
 
 TWANG, S. [JMinlhew derives it of rsn- 
 
 TU'RNKEY, S. the doorkeeper of a i^is,] an ill tafle j a difagreeable found ; upull 
 jaol, iiy the iiofe. 
 
 ' TU'RNPIKE, S. a crofs oftwo bars, arm- To TWANK, V. N. to make to found. 
 
 edatthe end with pikes, turning on a pin, 
 and fixed to prevent the pafli^e of borfes. A 
 gate ereftcd on a high- way, by «hich the 
 paflage is obflru<n:ed liU a certain firm of mo- 
 ney is paid. 
 
 TU'iiNSOL, S. a plant fo called, becaufe 
 its flowers turn towards the fun. 
 
 TU'R.l'ENTINE, S. [ure/>if:(bus, Lat.] a 
 clear j^um or rofm ifTuing from fcveral kinds 
 of trees. 
 
 ToTU'RPIFV, V. A. [t u r t>lfM- er c, Lst.] 
 10 defile ; to make unclean. 
 
 TU'Rl'ITUDK, S. [tiirpitiido, Lat.J filthi- 
 ncfs ; bafenefs; villainy. 
 
 TU'RllKL, S. a tool nfcJ by coopers. 
 
 TU'RRET, S. f turns, Lat.J n fmall emi- 
 nence or tower raifed above the body of a 
 building. 
 
 TU'K. PLE, S. [tortu;, Fr.] a fea-tortoife, 
 well known for its delicious food 5 a dove, 
 famed for its kind difpofition andchaftity; 
 from tcurtc, Fr. 
 
 TU'SCAN 0.1 DER, S. in Archite<^nre, 
 io c.dled, becaufe invented in Tufcany ; the 
 columns, together with the bafe and capital 
 
 To T WATTLE, 
 Teut. j to prate 
 
 V. A. [fchiu.:t.ti:r.. 
 
 To T WE AG, or TWEAK, V. A. [tioj,- 
 Lin, Teut. J to pinch or fqueezc between the 
 fingers. 
 
 TWEAGUF, or TV/EAKE, S. perplexity 
 or dil'crefs ; a low vvord. 
 
 To TWE'EDLE, V. A. to handle li-rht- 
 
 TWE'EZERS, S. [etny, Fr.] nippers or 
 pincers ufed in puilinn off hairs. 
 
 TWELFrH, Avij, [tivJfta, Sax.] ths 
 I'ccond after the tenth ; the ordinal of 
 t\jelve. 
 
 "twelfth DA'/, S. the feftival of Epi- 
 phany, or manifeflation of Ciivitf to the Gen- 
 tiles, fo called asbeini^ the izih day from tiie. 
 nativity or Chnfrnus-day. 
 
 TWELVE, Adj. [f.i-^/ib, nva/if, Goth. 
 twe/f, Sax. 10/ f, Run.] two and ten. 
 
 1 Vv'E'LVE-MONTH, S. lzivolf-m'.,mbe, 
 Teut.] the fpace of a year, according to tjie 
 calendar months. 
 
 TWE'NTIETH, Adj. [t^va.-tcogcd'a, Sax.] 
 the next in order to the nineteeth '; the orJi- 
 are to be feven modiiles in length, and to nal of twenty, 
 have the upper part of the pillar one fourth TWt'NTY, Adj. [rwrw/.^. Sax. r/«/j<7, 
 lefs in diameter than the bottom ; this is 1 Run.] twice ten. 
 
 the mod fimple and rude of the five or-| TWl'BILL, S. lo£ nuy, Sax. ani 1>I/I] an 
 ders. Ilron tool ufed bypaviours. 
 
 TUSH ! Interject, a word ufed to exprsfs I TWICE, Adj. [fw-gicb, Sax. ttvces, B<« r.j 
 contempt. | two times j doubly. 
 
 TUSK, S. [ryxaf. Sax. ta^tn, old Fr.J the 
 fangs (>r long teeth of a boar, ^c. 
 
 To TU'STLE, V. A. to buftleoraiivc; 
 to tumble or ruflle. 
 
 TUT, loterj. a word nfed to command fi- 
 lence, and exprefs contempt. 
 
 TU'TELAGE, S. proteiflion ; guardian- 
 fliip ; the time durmg which an infant is un- 
 der guardiaas. 
 
 TU'TELAR, or TUTELARY, Adj. ff«> 
 tela, Lat.J having the giiardianfhip or parti- 
 cular defence and pratcdtion of any perfon or 
 thing. 
 
 TU'TOR, S. \tuteur. Fr. tutor, Lat.} one 
 who has the care of a perfon's education and 
 moral s. 
 
 To TUTOR, V. A. toinftrucl; to pre 
 tend to teach with infolcnce. 
 
 TU'TORAGE, S. the aulhority or govern- 
 ment ef a tutor. 
 
 To TWa'FALLOW, V. A. in jHufbsn • 
 dry, (igniSes to roll or plow it a fccjnd 
 time. 
 
 TWIG, S. [t-tvigyttviga, Sax. t-wvg, Beig.] 
 a fmall ftioot of a branch. 
 
 TWI'LIGHT, S. {ttcccnchtfBtlg. ttvcm:- 
 lecht, Sax.] the appearance of light before 
 fun-rife and after fun-fet ; an obfcure light ; 
 an uncertain view. 
 
 TWIN, S. [itu'inn, Sax. tw^d'wgen, Belg.] 
 a child born at the fame time and birth wuh 
 another. 
 
 To TWINE, V. A. [t-Minan, Sax. t-ny- 
 r.a>:, Bclg.] to wind thread round any fu'b- 
 (lance J to twift fo as to unite or form into 
 one body. Neuterly, to wind, or foim wind- 
 ings. 
 
 TWINE, S. a twifted thread ; a twifi ; 
 an embrace fornnd by twitting round any 
 part. 
 
 To
 
 T y M 
 
 ■To TWINGE, V. A. {iithger, Bc\s 
 nv'rrge, Dan. J to toimcQt with a ludJeii and 
 fhort pain ; to pinch. 
 
 , IWINGE. S. a fhort, fuJJcn, (luip pnin ; 
 a piiuli. 
 
 To I WI'NXI.F,, V.N. Utvmdian, Sax.j 
 to fpaikle, or P.iiiie wiili intermitted lij^lit j it' 
 epci) aiul (Lilt tlie eye cjr.ickly. 
 
 TWl'NKLF, S. £ fparkiing intermitting; 
 light ; the ni'-.lion of the eye. 
 
 ToTW fRL, V. A. l^trcm ii-klrie] to turn 
 or force r' or J. ' 
 
 TWIRL, S circvil.ir motion. Twift j con- 
 volution. 
 
 To TWIST, V, A. ]gct':iy]f.:K, S.x tiil- 
 gtn, Beif.] to fo; ni by tun i tj lomul ; to 
 ure.itii or encircle ljy foiiictliiiii;; to wrave 
 
 T Y R 
 
 on which every (hect of paper Is laid in order 
 to be printed oil". 
 
 TYMPANT-'"ES, S. {rv-AntauTr;, Gr.] 
 "hat partiru'ar fort of diopfy that fweils the 
 i)cl'.y lip like a drurn; and is often cured by 
 tapping. 
 
 lYMHA'XUM, S. [Tv.'^iravo>, Gr ] a 
 •.!riim. Among Mechsnics, a fort of wheel 
 placed on an axis, on th.; t 'p of which arc le- 
 vers, for the more eafy turning the axis about 
 to raife t!ie weight. 
 
 1 Y'MPAN\,S.r/vw/<7ww, Lat.] a fwe!- 
 ling in the body, which niaJtcs it rcieinbic a 
 Jium. 
 
 TY'NY, Adj. [written likewifeWrj; from 
 tyntftynti, Dan. or tenth, Lat.j fmail. 
 
 Ti'PE, S. \iypuy, L?x. Tvvz:, Gr.] an 
 
 <if foim by (uining ronnd. <b that the pans ieiihlem,or m rk of sny thing; that by wlrrh 
 
 fhiili unite loi;c,her ; to iiifiniii-t 
 
 IVtlsr, SI the aft of turning roml fe- 
 ver?! things to as to unite th^ni ; any thing 
 made hy winding two tilings t6gethi.r ; a corJ; 
 a V rithe. 
 
 TWl'STING, Adj. in a foliirg man- 
 i.er. 
 
 ToTVTT, V. A. ffflV,;,.,,,^ s.-ix.] tore 
 preach, or nention to a pcrfon by way ot 
 a J'neer. 
 
 ny thing is fym'bolicaily, or hicrogljp hic-lly, 
 jjrefigiired ; a pointing letter. 
 
 TY'fHODEi, S. [Tj-x'-.r.;, Gr.] a con- 
 ••nual burning lever, proctcuing from an in- 
 fl.mn-...t'on of tlic bov\tls. 
 
 TVrHO'MANrA, S. [rvifofxxmx, Gr.] 
 adtliriimi ov phrcnfy ; a Icihatgy. 
 
 TY'FHON, S. [ti.J>«, Gr. I a hurricane; 
 a v'o!cnt whirlwind ; a fiery meteor. 
 
 1 Y'PiCAL. Adj. rtprcfcnting by fon.: 
 
 T VVI'TTINGLY, Ac'v. fneeringly ; re | fynibo! orhieroglipliic 
 prnjchi'iilly, I '] Y'l'lCALLV, Adv. [from /j,/;V^/,] in a 
 
 'I'o TVV ITCH, V. -A. [c'.-zi-ltsn, Sax.] to) typical mannrr 
 puil or plnrk uith a quick motion. ToTYTIFi', V. A. to exprefs by fomc 
 
 ■I'WITC'H, S. a quick pr fuddcn pull ; ajfymbol, aftion, or hieroglyphic 
 
 pair.fulcontratiion ol th.e fibres 
 
 TWl'TCHf.-RASS, S. a plant. 
 
 To T'ATTTr.R, V.N. to make a (harp, 
 intfiAV.ittcJ , and trtnnilous noile ; to be af- 
 ficled v\iih a lliong or f^idden inclination, fol- 
 lowed by UlUiJrd. 
 
 T'vVl'TTLU, S. any motion qr dilbrder 
 cf pafTion, laiigliinj;, or fieiiii'g. 
 
 IWII TLilTWA'TTLE, S. tattle ; gab- 
 b? . 
 
 'T'WIXT, a contra^ion of Be'j w ixt. 
 
 TWO, Adj. [tiL-tii, Goth. i':ca, Sax. tii- 
 P.«n. (ia:x, ?>. duo, Lst ] a number conipofed 
 of one adiied to one. This wcrd is otten ufed 
 in compofition. 
 
 TVVO'FOLD, Ac'j [.'wm-rW, Sax.] dou- 
 ble the number, or tv.ice the quantity. 
 
 TWO' J-'ANDED, Adj. lage ; biUky ; 
 enormous nf magnitude. 
 
 ToTY'E, V. A. b'eeTiE. 
 
 T Y'E, S. a knot ; a bend or obligation. 
 
 TYKE, S. a dog or oneas contemptible as 
 a dog. 
 
 TYMBA'L, S. a kind of kettle-drum, 
 i TYMCO'.'tELLA, S. a ducking-dool. 
 
 1 YMPA'N^ S. a tymbal ^r drum. Awong 
 yVnatcniifi.^, the drum of tie ear> a thin, dry, 
 truifpaient, nervous meniliranc of mod ex- 
 cjiiif;tc feiife, ;;nd the infii ument of hearin<T. 
 >^mofig Printer*, a frame belonging to the 
 f I inting-pnfs, and covered with parchmcntj 
 
 TYPOGRA'PIIER, S. [typcgra^Lu:, Lat.] 
 Ttri'Vfa'f -f, G.j a printer. 
 
 TYPOGRA'PHIC.ALj Adj. [Ti;wo:pa<J..- 
 !«f, Cr] belonging to lypot.raphy, or the art 
 ijf printing. 
 
 T-iPOGRA'PllY, S. [tytrgrafhij, Lat] 
 the art of printing. 
 
 TYRANNIC, or TYRANNICAL, fiij. 
 [lyra>!r!a-s, Lat. t\rjnii'!juc, Fr. Ti'paniKcj,Gr.] 
 cruel; opprcfllvCi imperious; acting liKc a 
 tyrant. 
 
 TYRA'NNICIDE, S. [Lat.] the aft of 
 kill ng a tyrant. 
 
 To'tY'RANNISE, V. A. \ty.-armfir, 
 Fr.] to governor i:(\ in an imperious and ri« 
 gorous manner, like a lyrant. 
 
 TYRA'NNY, S. [tyrnrms, Fr. tyrctinus, 
 Lat ] afting without regard to the laws, or 
 rights or properties of the people; outrageous 
 cruelty anJ cpprcffirn. 
 
 TY'RANT, S. [rv.anoi;, Gr. tyannu!, 
 Lat] a perfon w!-.o governs imperioufly and 
 ric*>roiifly ; a fevere mafier; an oppreflbr. 
 
 "TYRA'NNOUS. Adj. tyrannical; dc- 
 fpotic ; arbitrary ; fevere. 
 
 TYJU'ASIS, S. tbeleprofy. 
 
 TY'RO, S. [tyro, Lat.] a novice; one in 
 his nuiinunts, Oi' not mafkrofhis art. 
 
 TY'RO'^IS, S. [of Typo,-, Gr.] a curdKng 
 of milk in the fttmach into a fubfl-ince like 
 clioefe. 
 
 U.
 
 V A G 
 
 u 
 
 UThe twentieth letter of the Fnc^lifti 
 ;t);>hahet ; when it is ufcd ?.; a coiifo- 
 ' naiit, its foim is difR-rent iVom tliat 
 of ihc vovvtl, being nude t'lus V", ^nti nume- 
 rically, Itaiui^ for five. It is alfi* a contraction 
 for i.-iJ,, anJ is 1)01 rowed oii^^inaiiy from tiic 
 Phcnici.n iil^ihjbet, but pcitiaps more pro 
 pcrly fioni tfic Latin, Gothic, or Saxon. 
 
 V.VCANCY, S. [See Vacant] an cmpt\ 
 fpace ; a chafm , times of Icifu.c or icljxatio)i ; 
 liftlelsncf', or emptincf'. of tiiouj^ht. 
 
 V.VCAMT, Adj. [Fr v.-2car.s, Lat.] emp- 
 ty ; haviii(> notliinj', in it ; fre.- from crouds, 
 obnaclcsor incii:Tii)r.uicc ; huV^n^; lu pollLlloi 
 or I.icucnhcnt ; at Icifurc, or Jilin^jagcJ ; void 
 
 Ot'illOU^h'. 
 
 To VACATF, V. a. \vncatus, Lit.] Ic 
 make void or vacant ; to Jcftat or annul. 
 
 VAC/.' lEl), Adj. made void or vacant ; 
 defeated: anuulicd 
 
 VaCA'TIOM, S. [-.•ar.rf/o, Lat.] in Com 
 mon Law, all the time which palles between 
 term and term. Anvng Civilians, liie t'nic 
 from the deatli of i!ie lall intur.ibent liil-thc 
 benefice is fupplitd by anotlicr. Liifiire oi 
 freedom irom trouule, bufinefs, or perplexity- 
 
 VA'CAKY, S. [I'acca, Lat. J a cu\.v-houie. 
 
 To VACILLATE. V. M. \yja!!cr, Fr 
 vaciilatuniy Lat.] to reel ; to lluke; to totter ; 
 to llapeer. 
 
 VACILLATION, S. the art of flag^eiing 
 or fti iking; irrefohition ; uncertainty. 
 
 VACIVE, Adj. [la.i.-u:, Lat. J void, 
 emp-y. 
 
 VA'CIVirV, S. [tju.ivitiis, Lht.] empti- 
 nefs. 
 
 VA'JUITY, ^. [Ta:!ir:, Vi.tacmtas, Lat.j 
 the ftate of being unoccupied by body ; fpace 
 void of body; want of ilibltancc. 
 
 V.A'CUUM, S. [ Lai. J fpace not occupied 
 by matter. 
 
 ToVADE, V.N. to decay; to fade ; to 
 ■yanidi. 
 
 VA'FROUS, Adj. [-vafcr, Lat.] fubtle ; 
 crafty. 
 
 VA'GABOMD, Adj. [Fr.] wandering 
 about, or liaving no fettled habitation. 
 
 VA'GABOND, S. a perfon that wanders 
 about, and has no fettled habita.ion. 
 
 VaGA'RY, S. \jvagus, L.it.j a wild freak 
 er frolick. 
 
 VAGINOPE'MXOUS, Adj. [vagina, Lat. 
 in>i penna, l^ar.J having the wings covered or 
 fneathed with hard cafes. .^ 
 
 VAGRANCY, S. a diflblute and diforder- 
 ly courfe of lifv. 
 
 Va'GRAnT, Adj. [t;^!'. «f, Fr.J wan- 
 dering, or having no fixed place. 
 
 VA'GRANT, S. one that has no fettled 
 place of abode j a droller ; one that moves 
 from place to piace, without any vilible way 
 •f living. 
 
 V A L 
 
 VA'GUF, Adj. f Fr. -za^u!, Lat.J wnnder- 
 jng, or having no fettled place j unrixe.l ; un» 
 fettled ; or imdLtcrminate. 
 
 VaIL, S. {leih, Fr. this word is at prc- 
 fent writ 'en -vdl ; from "vclnn, Lat. and the 
 ver!i in the fame manner ; from ■ve''), I. at yet 
 as the old manner of wririni^ (hews it might 
 luvc been i)orro'.vcd originally from the Fr.it 
 may rtill be continued] a curt-in or co>'er 
 thrown over any rl.ing to co;ictid it ; a p nt of 
 a dref>. by which the faccls covered Ufed in 
 (he plural, to li;;nify profits tiiat accrue to 
 olficers and (ervants, cxclufivc of falcsry or 
 V- a^;^es. 
 
 ToV.^FL, V. A. [a-va/ar Id I'gnm-t, Fr] 
 to lov'cr, !c; 1^11, or pull oiT by wiy oK com- 
 plimc'.it. '• The Cer'Tmony of i'-':':v^ the 
 bonnet in f lutations." Aildif Neuturly, to 
 ihsw rtfpccl by yi.lding or fuhmitiing. Sec 
 Veil. 
 
 WkV.'i, Aoj. f Fr. farus, L-.t ] without 
 cfflrt ; haviiii» no fubfl.incc or rc:\lity; proud 
 of little things ; ol^cnt.itious ; idle or worih- 
 \(rU ; falfe. //; i-a}i, to no pip-pofe or end; 
 wi-hr.ut eHI>.'\. When ufed in conipolition, 
 it implies oMentatious. 
 
 V.-.'IMLY, Adv. ufelefsly ; to no purpofc, 
 
 VA'1NL!:SS, S. l-yjw.v', Fr.] cmptinefs, 
 ufelefTicfs. 
 
 V.^IRE, S. in r-Ieraldrv, is when the field 
 of a coat of arms is chequered with little hells 
 o.^ two colours. 
 
 VA1'V01>E, S. a prince of ihe Dacian 
 provinces. 
 
 "V A'LANCE, S. [according to Skinner, 
 fromVALF.NCi.^, whence thcywcr^i brou.;ht|. 
 t!ie draj^ery hanging ronnd the teller of a bed. 
 
 VaLF., St [fal, Fr. -vallh, Lat.J a .ov 
 ground lyi-ig between two hills. 
 
 VALtDroiTON', S. the fpeech made at 
 parting ; a bidding farewell. 
 
 VA'LlN'riNK, S. a fwcetheart chf.fen on 
 St. Valentine's day. 
 
 VA'L1-:NTINIANS, S. a feci of heretic^ 
 fo called from Valentinuiiheir founder, in the 
 1 ith century. 
 
 VALii'RI.AN, S. xhehtrh ^reat fctiuall. 
 
 VA'LfiT, S. [Fr.] a waiting fervant. ya- 
 kt Je chumbre, one v.h.) waits on a nobleman 
 in his bed-chamber, and dicffes and' imdreflcs 
 him. 
 
 VALE'TUDE, S. [vaktuco, Lat.J a gool 
 ftate of health. 
 
 VALETUDINA'RIAN, S. a f.ckly per- 
 fon ; one who fancies himfelf ill, 
 
 V.-^LETUDINA'RIAM, or VADETU'- 
 DINARY, Adj. [yahtud'inairc, Yi. •valctudOy 
 Lat.J fickly. 
 
 VALErU'DINARY, S. an infirmary or 
 hofpital for the fick. 
 
 VA'LIANT, Adj. \yaU\ant, Fr ] brave j 
 ftout or courageous. 
 
 VALl'AMTLY,.Adv.bravely;courageoufly. 
 
 VA'LLANTNESS, S. bravery j coiu-age; 
 ftoutnefi ; intrepidity. 
 
 ', M VA'LIDj
 
 V A P 
 
 VA'LID, Adj. [v.aiide, Fr. 'LulUin, L^t.] 
 flrong or cifiLacious, applied to things. Con- 
 ciulivc, or having force, applied to argument. 
 
 'Jo VALi'DATE, V. A. {•validcr, Fr.j to 
 make'!^0<)d, enforce, or render efTcftJal. 
 
 VA^LIDITY, S. {'ui:!iditc\'¥r. -vaMtas, 
 Lat.] force; power ; ftrength; authenticity. 
 
 VA'LLtY, S. [i^aUe'e, Fi: vallis, Lat.j low 
 griuind 1) in^; between hills. See Va i f . 
 
 VA'LOLR, S. [lalair, Fr. ■valur, Lat.j 
 courage s briveiy. 
 
 VALO'ROUS, Adj. [-v^Ioreax, Fr.] brave; 
 vali mt ; cour:ig-Jous. 
 
 VALO'ROLiNESS,S. bravery ; courage ; 
 
 intrepedity. 
 
 VA'LL''\B'-E, Adj. of ^reat piice or 
 worth; dilerviigelkem. 
 
 VALU'ABLENESS, S. price or worth ^ 
 eflcem. 
 
 VALU'ATION, S. [eva/uat}}>:, Fr.j price 
 or vak;e put upon a thing. 
 
 VA'LUE, S. [Fr.] price; worth ; price 
 eijuil to ilie worth ot a thing 
 
 V A R 
 
 VA'PIDITY, S. l-v^pJitas, Lat.] deaa- 
 ncfs ; j'i.itucfs. 
 
 VAFORA'i<Y, S. l-i.-af.orcnum, Lat.] a 
 ffove or hot-houie ; a (tew or bagnio. Among 
 I'hylicians, a decoction of Jicros poured hot 
 into a vetrel, fo that ,the patient fitting over it 
 may receive ti.c fumes. 
 
 VAPORA'lION, S. the act of emitting 
 fumes or vapours. 
 
 VAl'O'RIFEROU.S, Adj. [va/cnfc; Fr.] 
 pioduciii" or cjViling vapours. 
 
 VAPO'ROUS, Adj. [vi:fcre,ix,Tr. ■vaj>cnn, 
 Lat.j full of vapours j full of vain itiiagina- 
 ticns. 
 
 . VA'POUR, S. \'v^/:<'ur, Fr. f ^/cr, Lat, ] 
 (he fniall par'/;c!es ot a liuid, which, bting fc- 
 pnrated by hcit .ilccnd into the air ; a wind ; 
 a Ik-am i a vain imagination. In the plural, 
 a dileafv,' caiifcd bv flatulencies, difbrdcred or 
 hypeCGnJriacal :ifre£lions in women, fynoni- 
 mous to ilie fpletn in men. ' 
 
 ToVATOUR, V.N. [-vaforo, Lat.] to 
 fly off in fumes. Figuratively, to bully or 
 
 To VA'LLE, V. A. [z'ulcir, Fr.] to rate ! bra{;. 
 at accrtjin price; tohavein high edcem ; t0| V'A'RT ABLE, Adj. [Ft. tn-hH/is, Lat.j 
 appraifc or eliimate. ■ jchanging ; not long the fame. 
 
 VALVE, S. [vaha, Lat.j any thing that VA'RIABLENESS, S. changeablencfs. 
 opens and lliuts over tlie msu;h of a vcllcl. In j VA'RlABi^Y, Adv. changeably uncer- 
 Aniiomy, a membrane .viiich opens certain : tainly. 
 ve.lcls to admit thcbiood, andftuts to prevent I VA'RI.'VNCE, S. [from Vary.] a ftate of 
 
 ns returning. 
 
 VA'MBRAC'E, S. armour for the arm, 
 VAMF, S. the upper icath. r of >- flioe.^ 
 To VAVll', V. A. to piece an old thing 
 v.i'Ji fomtlliing new ; to repair any thing old 
 or di:caYed, in order to m:ikc it pals for n-w. 
 VA'.Ml'L.I TE, S. a gauntlet or iron glove. 
 VAN, S, [I'.'va/n, Fr. heforej the front or 
 
 enmity. In Law, r.a alteration of fomething 
 formerly laid in a plea. 
 
 VAKI.VTION, S. [' r. i-anat'w, Ut] 
 chanijc of colour, ibund, or flate ; deviation. 
 
 VA'RieOUS, Adj. diilafed with dilation. 
 
 To VA'RIEGATE, V. A. [-v^irh-^ams, 
 low Lat.j to ftalii with different colours. 
 
 VA'RIF.G'aTED, Adj. ftreaked, ordiver- 
 
 firft line of an ainvy ; any thing fprcad'wide, ] fificd with dilTcrent colours. 
 
 by which a wind is railed j fromi;.i«, Fr. 'vu- 
 ««i, Lat. i'.ving. 
 
 Td V.iN. V. M. ['uaner, Fr. fanr.are, Lar.j 
 to v.innow corn. 
 
 VA'NCOCRIER, S, {ai-ant courier, Fr.j 
 a haibinger ; a precurfer. 
 
 VANE, S. {i:.!C'ie, Belg. T-awn, Goth.j a 
 piste hung on a pin, fo as to turn with the 
 wind ; a weathercock. Var.cs, among Atari 
 ners , are the Tigiits made to Hide upon fiicli 
 inliruments as arc ufed for taking obkrvations 
 at fea. . 
 
 VAN-GUARD, S. {ravant gard, Fr.j the 
 front or firft line of an army. 
 
 VA'RIEG ATION, .S. the quality of being 
 beautified or diverlified withftveial colour,'. 
 
 VA'RIcTY, S. I'va.lc-CyFx.tdricta!, L^t.] 
 change; intermixture oi ditlLient thingj ; dit- 
 fcreiicc. 
 
 V A'RI FORk, Adj . [of -{jarlus and f.nr.a, 
 Lat.j of divers ihppesor forms. 
 
 VA'RIOUS; Adj. [T-'jr/.vs, Lat.] di.Tcrcnt ; 
 changeable ; unlike each other j marked with 
 different colours ; numerous. 
 
 VARIOUSLY, Adv. dlffcrent'y; di- 
 vcrfly. 
 
 VA'RIOUSNESS, S. diverllty; change- 
 i ahl' nefs. 
 
 ToYA'NISH, V.N. [e%w.e[co,l.^t. eva-\ VA'RLET, S.' [old Fr.j antiently a fer- 
 «;;/v, Fr.] to difappear ; to come to nought, j vant.; bucatprefent ufed as a term of re- 
 
 VA'NI FY', S. [i-'i?///.'/, Fr. ■vMiitus, Lat.j < pr.iach, to convey the idei of a worthlcfs pcr- 
 emptinefs; uncertainty ; fruitleis cefire or en- j ion. 
 
 deavourj fallhood : vain purluit } an ohjedl i VA'RNTSH, S. [w;-n.v, Fr. i<rn.-«r. Lat.] 
 of petty pride ; ollcntation. matter laid oh wood, metal, &c. to niaks 
 
 To VA'NQtnSH, V. A. ['i;di.>.-i.-/-f, Fr.] to i them ihine. Figuratively, a cover or pallia • 
 conquer, fubdue, or confute. tion of a crime. 
 
 VA'NTAGE, S. gain ; Aiperiority • op- To VA'RNfSH, V. A. to cover with 
 portunity., . t fomething fluid; to conceal a dcfeift witii 
 
 VA'PID, A^j- ['vafldus, l.at.J dead or jfonittliaigornamchtal or rhuorical. 
 fl,it, applied to lii-^uors. Pallid, 
 
 To
 
 U B E 
 
 V E L 
 
 To VA'RY, V. A. [z-arh, Lat. i:v:jr, Fr.] 
 to change ; to malce of ditfeieiit kiiiJs. Ncu- 
 tcrly, to appear in Jiifcient forms ; t'> be dif- 
 ferent from ouch oilier ; to alter ; to tl;;vi.ite ; 
 to /J)ift coioiirs ; to be at variance. 
 
 VA'SCULAR, Adj. fullof vcdLls. 
 
 VASCULl'FE'ROUS, Ad] 
 plants which have, bcfides the common Calix, 
 a pccuhar vcllcl to contain the feed. 
 
 VASE, S. [ Fr. wi, Lat.] a vdTA ; gene- 
 rally applied to one dcfi^neJ for fncw rather 
 th in life. 
 
 VASSAL, S. [Fr, -vaJ'Jo, Ttal.] one ho!d- 
 
 U'BEROUS, Adj. [ul'erofus, L:it ] plen. 
 tiftil ; fiuiit'ul. 
 
 UBICATIOV, 8. [o(uti, Lat.] rcfalencc 
 or 'ituation in a placj. 
 
 L'BIQ^UTAIUAN, S. fof //%;/,-, Lat.] 
 one who holds that Chrift's body is every 
 in Botanv, I where prefcnt, 
 
 UBl'Ciyiry, S. [uHqulU, Fr.] omnl- 
 prefence. 
 
 U'DDER, S. [udcr. Sax, and Bc\g. uUr, 
 Lat.] the dug of a co'v or other large bead. 
 
 VFAL, S. 1 ^:d, old Fr.] the Hclh of a calf. 
 
 VE'CriON, S. the a<f^ ot carrying. 
 
 To VEtK, V. N. [i;,Vf/-, Fr.J to tnv!! 
 Ufed with c:.:. 
 
 ing by the will of a lliperior ; a fu'ijfrt or 
 
 dependant j a fervdiit fubji-cft to the will of j abbut. Aiftivcly, to let out 
 
 another. to tm-n or cliar.ue. 
 
 VASS.A'LLAGE, S. - [Fr ] the ft-.te ot ' VF'GETABLE, S. [Yv. i:-retabUh, \oy^ 
 being fubjed to the v. ill of another ; depen- ] Lat.] an orjii^nifed bod)', cohfilHng of vaiioui 
 dence ; ful.ijeciion. Ipaits, ta-^in;; in its no'.irllliment ufually by.; 
 
 VAaT, Adj. : ■vai'tc, Fr. i;ifius, Lat.] gre.it I root, and incrc-lJng its dimenfions by growth: 
 or large ; generally applied to any thiwg cnor- i plant 
 
 mcully great. 
 
 VA'Si'LY, Adv. largely^ greatly. 
 
 VA'STNESS, S. [-vnj'Uiis , Lat.] cxccflive 
 laigcnefs, grcatncfs, (.r hiipenefs. 
 
 V.-\T, .s [^,-j/, BJg /;;r, S..K ] .<;ee Fat. 
 
 VATICAN, S. [fo cJled frem the hiil on 
 
 _VE'GETAB:<F., Adj. having the nature 
 of a phnt. 
 
 To VK'GETATE, V. N.> [z-egito, Lat.j 
 
 to giOA'. 
 
 VEGETA'TIOM, S. gro.vth; increafe oc 
 bulk, parrs, and dimenrion.=, ap|lied tO trees, 
 
 vhich it Hands] a f;imoiis palaccucar St. Pe- plant.';, fluub;;, ar.d mincla!.';i 
 
 ter'i- c!)urch at Ronie, wire the popes ufed 
 formerly to leude dmirij; the winter, and in 
 wliich IS the concl.ive of all the cardin.ds, be- 
 ing a gallery large enough tocnterrain 60 car- 
 dinals, allowing eacii two rooms. '1 lie middle 
 of this gallery opens into the famoii.s V^tiean 
 library, which was founded by Sextiis- IV, but 
 if we may credit what is faid, this large edifice 
 contains 5 co ruoni.=. 
 
 VA 1 ICTN.'V ITO.V, S. the adof prophe- 
 fying, divining, ?,nd forctrjiing. 
 
 V.VriCIDo, S. amu-dercr of poet«. 
 
 To VATliCINATt, V. N. ['vuticwcr, 
 Lat.] to prcpiiefy. 
 
 VA'VASOUR, S, anciently a noblcm.in, 
 jiext in rank to a b3rf)n.- 
 
 V::GEr.A'nVE, Adj. ['L-r,:^/:/, Tr.] 
 producing growth, o- cauling to grow. 
 
 VEGE'J E, AJj. [zegc-Ls, Lat.] vigorous; 
 adlivc; fpritely. 
 
 VEflE'MF.\"Cc, of VEKE'MENCY, S. 
 \jvehi:mcr:tirt, Lat.] violence ; ardour; vigour. 
 
 VEHEMENT. Adj. [Fr. -v-rhcrr.cns, Lat.] 
 witli force, vlo'cnoe, or eas^ernefs. 
 
 VE'HICLE, S. \-jeh\culu,n, Lat.] that in 
 which any thing is carried, conveyed, or ufcd 
 a' a moans of walhing down any thing to bw 
 fwallowed. 
 
 ToVPIL, V. A. [-jch, L3t. See Vail] 
 to cover the face witli any thing ; to cover or 
 Irdc. 
 
 VEIL, S. [■veiui.-:, Lat] a cover uil'd to 
 
 VAUL ; , S. [pronounced tvi.v/, from vowc, ; conceal the f.ice ; a cover < r difgiiiie. 
 Fr. t/.'/ftf, Ita!.] a continued arch; a ce'lar, I ,VE1N, S ['-c-f/.vc, Fr. t'a:.-2, Lat.] a vefTel 
 f'o Called, bec^ufe arched generally on tie top. 'which conveys the b!o. d from the arteries lack 
 a cave; a rtpcfitoiy for the dead under, a ^o the heart; a hollow or cavity; the curfc of 
 church ; a. leap. I metal in a mine ; tendencv, or turn of mind; 
 
 To VAUL r, V. A. \'vouter, Fr.] to arch, {the time when any inciinaiion is flrongeft; 
 or Oiapelikean arch ; to cover wi;h an arch. I liumouror temper. 
 
 Neuteily, to leap, jump, or iTi'-w poltnrcs ; VELLE'! ' Y, S. [cr /.//izj, L.nt.] the loweft 
 from z;'J:l^er, Fr, -vo/tiggiare, Jtal. | degree of dtii re. 
 
 To VAUNT, V. A. [-o'.t;;.V/-, -Fr.] to j To VE'LLICATE, V. A . [^t./.r?, Lat.] 
 bbafiof ; to difpby inarioftentatiousniancer: I to twitch, 
 tobrag. 'j VELLICA'TION, S. a twitching. Plu- 
 
 V.AL'NT, S. a brag or boafV. rally, »"iong Phylici^ns, tfertain convulfion.s 
 
 V.VUNTINGLY, A*iv. boallingly; braog- that aiTccl the fibres of the face, 
 ingly. - VtLLUM, S. [-7^.-;;. Fr. velamcn, Lat.] 
 
 VAUNTINGNESS, S. bOdftino; brargin^jf ihcfkin if a calf dreflcd for writing; the fined 
 
 vain olory. 
 
 U'BKROS TY, orU'BERTY, S. 
 fias, Lat.j fcrtihty ; plenty; itore; 
 dance. 
 
 fort of pirchment. 
 [t;!.cro-\ VELO'GITV, S. 't. :.■■', Fr. -vdidtau 
 abun- ! Lat. I fpted ; qriicknefs ot mr.tion. , 
 
 j VE'LVET, S. '[fvcluti, Ital, i-eLvn, Fr.
 
 V E N 
 
 fU'us, L?<:.] a kind of a fiik iiiaiuifa<riurc with 
 •i iliort pile. I - 
 
 Vt'VKAL, AJj. fFr -rcffa/;.;, Lat.] capable 
 ofbEiiig b )iiplit ; to be purcl-.dfcJ ; meit.cii.iry; 
 a wo'ci oF vpro'icli. 
 
 VEN.VLlTY, S. [wW/f/, Fr wv/iV,;,;, 
 Lat.] a .iirpofitioM tlu.t rentiers a perron fcaiiy 
 to flat^'r, or iiprtc to any tliinj; litr J^ain. 
 
 \'KMr\'TlOM, S. the cxeicile or practice 
 of iitintin'^. 
 
 ToVKND, V, A. [-verdre, Fr -vrvd'o 
 Lilt, 1 to fell, or ortLr to f.^'c. 
 
 VSLV'DK'K, S. in Law the perfoR to whom 
 any thing is folJ.. 
 
 Vb'NblSLK, AiVy {fcnJiUr::, Lat.J fale- 
 able. ' ■ i 
 
 VtNDITiOV, S. t],e art of felling or] 
 t".]!'; ofirig of i^ny c mmoditv i :t fale. i 
 
 VK'NDOR, S. in L<iw a feller. 
 VE.N'KE'RlNG, S. among joiners, the 
 laying iliin ILibs of wood over other.-- of lets 
 value ; a kind of inlaying. 
 
 VfcN'iLN! FK'IIOUS, Adj. {i-cr.r.-.if.r, Lat.j 
 leirinj; poiftii. 
 
 VKNENO'L'S, Adj. [ww/;.j, Lit ] full 
 . o.'pciion ; poitonous. 
 
 VL'N[<:RAH-1>, Acij- (Fr -v.mrabllh, Lat.] 
 to be rt-f/ickil with awe oi revcrcnGe. 
 
 To VF.'NKRArE, V. A. i-vcrc-cr, Fr. 
 'voieror, L.-ir J tu trcit oi' rej^uni with a-vve, er 
 rcveience. 
 
 VliNERA'TION', S. great rci;-ec't ; revc- 
 rcncr. 
 
 VhNfPL'RF.A!., Adj. [-ven res] Lat ] re- 
 lating to love ; caui^Ur hy love embrdces 
 
 VtL'\'E-<Y, S. ['vcKLiie, Fr from I'ener, 
 Fr.J huntinj^. " Bcaiii oi -vcntry and fishes." 
 Btfnn. L.-ifcivioufiiefs ; hi(lfuliicfs. 
 
 VENTF.SitCTlO.N', S [-jctia, and 
 Lat.] the ^i\ <>f Icttin j hi od. 
 
 ToVENGt", V. A. l-vciigir^ Fr.] to oii- 
 nilh for ui-.vie otf^ace. Seldom ufed. 
 
 VE'NGE'XNCE, S. [Fr.l punilhment, or 
 rcvenj^e for fome crime or offence. 
 
 Vh'NIAr.Lt:. or Vc.Nl.AL, Adj. [wn/r/, 
 Fr. from vftua, Lat.] paidonable j permitted, 
 or allowed. 
 
 Vh'NlSOV, S. [pronounced venfcn from 
 1-aiaifon, Fr. | the Hclh of dctr ; g.mie, or 
 Lcad.s of chafe. 
 
 VE'MOM, 3. [vcnirn, Fr.] poifon. 
 VK'NOMOL'S, Adj. poifonous. 
 VE'NOUS, Adj. [■ven-:>jhs, Lat.] full of 
 vein 5. 
 
 VFA'T, S. ^f.ijte, Fr.] a fm^Il aperture, 
 or hole, by vA-iiich any vnpour tra.iij'iies; paf- 
 fjge from ftcrtcy to pul.l'c notice. .Sale ; 
 from i^iv.-.'j", Fr In Gunnery, tb.e d.fference 
 Lei ween the ci- cumfeience of the ball, and the 
 circumference of the bore of the cannon. 
 
 •1 o VEM r, V. A. [vinicr, Fr. evauare, 
 fventare, Ital J to let out at a fma'l hole or 
 iperture ; to give iV^y to, or free from re- 
 nr-iiit j 18 utter ) to puhLdi j to fell. 
 
 V E R 
 
 VE^NTANA, S. [Span.] a window. 
 VEN'TE.'^, S. [Lat.] in Anatomy, any 
 cavity of the b'idy, but particularly the abdo- 
 men. In ! aw, a womb, or mother. 
 
 ToYE':N' r.'LATE, V. A. \%..>:tUa(us, 
 Lat I to fan wi h the wind ; to winnow ; t« ■ 
 exaniino or di/ruN «ny contioverted point. 
 
 VEN riLA' I \0'\' S. fanning, or gather- 
 ing wind : winno'Aing corn. 
 
 VEMTIL.A'rORjS sn inftrutient inven'- 
 cd bv D". Hales, to extraft foul, aud fuppiy 
 fic.l) air. 
 
 VENfO'.SITY, S. r^w/e/F/Jj, Lat.]vvin- 
 diiirfs ; the wind pint up in a human body. 
 
 VE'N)R!CLF.. S. \'ventrkuU,Vr -ventri. 
 cuius, Lat. J the ftomach ; any fmall cavity, 
 particularly 'hofe of the heart. 
 
 VE'NTURE, S. \cfn:ure Fr.] hazard; 
 an undertaking of cliance and dangir ; chance; 
 If jke At ti -venture, is at hazard ; without 
 confiderarion or piemeditation. 
 
 ToVFNTUUE, V N. to dare; to ha- 
 zard. Ufed wi;h at or wot, to engage in an 
 attempt without any profpfdt, or certainty of 
 fecurity. Affively, to expofe ; to hazard or 
 riftjuc 
 
 VE'NTURIOUS. Adj. fcarlcfs ; dating. 
 VE'NUS, S. thegoddefsof love afiJ beau^ 
 ty ; the evening (br. In Chemillry, copper 
 metjl In Herjldry, the green colour in ili^ 
 arnv> of fovereign princes. 
 
 V E R A'C [ r Y, N . [ijerax, Lat . ] con l"i f^en- 
 cy of wods with iji(\ ; or conlillcncy of deeds 
 with promifes. 
 
 VERB, S. [i-erLe, Fr. virhum, Lat ] a 
 part of fpecch fignlfying cxitlcnce, action, or 
 paffion. 
 
 VE'RCAL. Adj. [Yr.-jerbalh.VM.] fpoken, 
 oppofcdio writteii ; confiiling only in words. 
 VERBA'Ll I Y, S. mere b.ire words. 
 VER"A'T!M, Adv. [Lat. J word for word. 
 To VE'RBER\TE, V, A. '^'vcrbcrjturr., 
 Lat.] to bear or ftrike. 
 
 VE'iUJERA riOM, S. the a^ of beating 
 or (liiking. 
 
 VERBO'SE, Adj. Iwrlojus, Lat.] abound- 
 ing or tedious with words. 
 _ VERBOSl fY, S. ["jirbcft/, Fr.]the qui- 
 lity of ufing many words. 
 
 VE'IlD.^Mr, Adj. Iverdcyar.t, Fr. fhi- 
 dans, Lat.] green. 
 
 VERUEGKE.ASE, S [-verde ^r\s, Fr.] a 
 green poifonous fubftance made of the ruft of 
 copper or brafs 
 
 VERDE'LLO, S. a touch ftone f^r trying 
 gold, or other metals. 
 
 VE.'IDE'REI, or VERDE'ROR, S. a 
 judicial cilicer ■ f tlie king's forefc. 
 
 V.yRDlCr, S. [-virum diaum, Lat.] the 
 determin ttion of a jury on any caufe j a dcci- 
 fion ; ju.lgTient. 
 
 [Fr.] green co our. 
 
 Adj. [Lar.J modeftj 
 
 V!i'i<Dc'RE, S. 
 VERPX'U'ND,- 
 b.;(hi:ul. 
 
 VERGE,
 
 V E R 
 
 VFJIGR, S. [Fr. -virga, Lst ] a ro£^, orl 
 fomcthin(> in tliat form, LarricJ before a per 
 foil ip ofticc; tlie hrink, edj^e, wr urniofl bor- 
 der, fiom ivr^s, Lat. Jn La"', the compnfs 
 about I he king's court bounding the juiilJic- 
 tionof tlic lord newaicl.and ihc corner of tlie 
 kin ;'s h'>ife' 
 
 To VFRGE, V. N. fiwjfs, Lit.] to tend 
 or bend dowinvr.rds, ufcd with touaiJs. 
 ■ V!-:'rvGRR, S. a tipUaff to a judge; an 
 officer who carries a rod tipt with Tilvei befor. 
 a biliiop. 
 
 VERI'DICAL, AHj. [".■crldi'jue, Fr.] fpealt- 
 in^ truth. 
 
 To VtRTFICVTE, V. A. [-va-ifratum, 
 Lat.] 'o ptovc a thing to be true. 
 
 VfclRIFIOA :"10N, S. the art of prc,ving 
 a ihinj;, or mai^in^ S'"'d an aflcrtmn. 
 
 ToVF'RlFY, V. N. [■vai/Jc-, Fr.] to 
 prove true or jvitlify. 
 
 VF/RILY, Adv. in truth ; indeed- 
 VKRI'SIMILITY, or VKRI'ilMrLI 
 TUDE,- S. ['uei,fim\iitudo, Lat.] i-Mob^biLty 
 or like! h od. 
 
 VL'Ri: Y, S. [i-ci'c, Fr ] truth. 
 VF/RJUCK, S. the juice oi uiirifc^^rapcs, 
 or crab apples. 
 
 VKRMFCFLLT.S. [lenr-kull, Ital.jjittle 
 worms made with flour and eggs., and ulld in 
 foop.'!. 
 
 VERMI'CUI.AR, Adj [-!r/,-n/f:-A.s, Lat.] 
 aifling hl^e a worm ; continued irom one part 
 of tlie bidy to the other. 
 
 V£RMlVX'LATt-D, Adj. [ve'-micuLtus, 
 Lat.) vvroupht with vanous colours. 
 
 VERM I CU LA I ION,S.amonj> Botar.ifts, 
 the Lreedinj; worms or vermin in lic^ hf.. pl.mts, 
 tices. In rhyfic, a gup'i'g "f '•i>e A^'^. 
 V:i.RMl'CL".OUS, A-'j. full of "rubs. 
 VE.-vMrFORr.I, Adj. fhiped Hke a 
 worm. 
 
 V'ERMIrUGF,S.rofww/s andyT^^o, Lat.] 
 a medicine that d<.-rtroy.s, or cxj-cls, worms. 
 
 VtiRMl'LLION, a. a lively, brifk, red 
 colour. 
 
 VE'RMINE,S.[Fr -scrtr.h, Lzt.] sny nox- 
 ious animal : applied generally to fmall ones 
 VERiMIT \RO'JS, Adj. breedinj; vermin. 
 VE'RMIVOROUSjAdj devouring or £>ed 
 ing on worms. 
 
 VER.NA'CULAR, Adj. [t-emaculu:, Lat ] 
 of one's own country ; natural. 
 
 VERNAL, Adj. [i-crmn. La'.] belonging 
 to the fiTing. /1;»u-/ ,quh:ix, in Afirono.ny, 
 is the time when the fun er.ters the equinoc- 
 tial hne in the fpr'.ng, abcnt the ziftofMarch, 
 making the nights and i.\v% of au equal 
 length. 
 
 VERyi'LlTY, S. fwrvile, flattering beha- 
 viour. 
 
 VE'RREL,orVERROL, S. l-icrok, Fr.] 
 a little brafs,or iron ring, fixed round the end 
 of a cane, or handle of a tool. 
 
 VERSATILE, Adj. [-verjarr.h, Lat.] eafily 
 tuinin". 
 
 V E S 
 
 Vr.RSr, S [-vci-y Fr. T'-'/'.j. Lat ] a line 
 conndin" of a certain fiiccflifn of founds, or 
 number of fyllabie;. ; a fedtion, or a paraoraph 
 of a book ; poetry. 
 
 TobeVE'RStD. V. V. [h^en -vrrfc, Fr. 
 iHi-fcr, Lit. I to be Ikilled in, or ac>j«.tinteJ 
 w th. 
 
 VERsrriCA'riO^', S. IVv.] the art or 
 pr iiflice of mal in ; verfes 
 
 VERSIFIER, S. [■verjif:c.iieur, Fr ] one 
 that mnkes verfes 5 a paltry :h'n^cr. 
 
 ToVE'RSlFY, V. N [wff.er,V'c.]lo 
 make vcrf s Afti"ely, to turn to vcrfe. 
 
 VF.'RSION', S. [^x.vcrfto. Lit.] change; 
 rr.mflatlon. 
 
 VERSUTI'LOQUENSjAdj. f.-eaking fub- 
 
 ti'.ly. 
 
 VERT, S. [Fr.] anything that heart a 
 gr:rn Kaf. 
 
 VE'RT.RRE, S. \Jt. 'vat.bra, Lit.] a 
 joint of iliehack. 
 
 VE'RIEX, S. fLat.] the zenith, or point 
 over the head ; the mp. 
 
 VE'RTI AL, Auj. fFr.] placed in the 
 zenith, or over the head ; placed perpendicu- 
 lar lo tlie hoiizon. 
 
 VKRTILTLLATF,.Adi.inRotanv,p!ants. 
 whofc flowers .Trcinicrm'xed with inii.ll leaves, 
 grov^ing in a kind of whiil>. 
 
 VElCf I'CI FY, S. rotation ; circumvolu- 
 tion. 
 
 VIRTI'GINOUS, Adj [-veruglrscux, Fr.] 
 
 giddv. 
 
 VERTIGO, S. fLar.] giddinefs, or a 
 dir.-nfc wherein ohjefls, though fixed, appear 
 u> turn roi'od, itiendcd with a fear of falling, 
 and dimnefs of fii^hf. 
 
 VER'Y, AJj ['■-•'■ei, Fr ww, Lat,] true; 
 re 1 ; the fIme,or identical ; to a great degree. 
 
 VF'SI'^A, S ,in Aiiatomy, a bladder ; any 
 membranous fubilance in which 1 fluid is con- 
 tained. 
 
 VESICA 'TORY, S. {vefcatiriurr, Lat.] a 
 medicine which raifes hlilters in the (kin. 
 
 VE'SICLF, S. a little bladder. 
 
 VE'iPP-R, S. the evening Har; the eveii- 
 
 iiig. 
 
 VE'SPERS, S. [ffl-i-ci, Fr.] in the Ro- 
 man church, evening prayers. 
 
 VE'SSEL, S. \-v.iUe!L', Fr -^w, Lat.] any 
 ihing in wh ch liquors, or other things, are 
 put ; thofe parts of an animal body which 
 contain the fluids, any vehicle by which things 
 are c;nvsyed on the water. 
 
 VEST, S. {-vif.ls, Lat. J a garment. 
 
 To VEST, V. A. ['vjlio, Lat.] t > drefs ; 
 to make poiltfibr of ; to put into pofleflTion. 
 
 V!.:'SrAL, S. \ -veplh, Lat. J a virgin 
 confccrated to Ftfta. Figuratively, a pure 
 
 virgin. 
 
 Vt?.'.STIBULE,S. the porch, or firll en- 
 trance of a hoiife. 
 
 VES riG.VTIOM, S. the a<ft of tracing; 
 feeking ; or feaiching after. 
 
 VE'iTIGE, S. [Fr. <vej!iy:um, Lat.] a
 
 V I c 
 
 footilcp or mark, by which aify'thihg maybe 1 
 
 tUCtd. 
 
 VE'STMEN T, S. [-uCteDietit, Fr.] a gar- 
 ment. 
 
 VE'STRY, S. [reve/iuThc, Fr.] a room in 
 a church wherein thcminifJcr put* on his fur- 
 riice, or liays till it is t'meno perform his 
 function ; an sllembly of the heads ot" the 
 paiilh. I'tjlry Clerk is sn ofticer who keeps ihc 
 accf-nntsof the parilh. 
 
 VE'STURE, S. ( Fr.-vufiura, Lat.] a gar- 
 ni i-.u or robe ; drefs. 
 
 VKTCIi, S. [ av/A', Fr.] chick-peas, a 
 kini of pulfe. 
 
 Vli'TERAN, AJj. [i-cfa-anus, Lat.] long 
 ■pr-ictifcd in war ; longtxpcrienced. 
 
 Vt7TER.4.N, S. an old foldier ; one long 
 espciienctd or praifliftd in any thing. 
 
 To Y£X, V. A [i:t\\o, Lat. J to make un- 
 c.iry or an»My by impo'tunity or impofition. 
 
 VEXA'riOM, S. the act of troubling, or 
 fl Ate of being troubled ; the cauic of trouble or 
 l,^e.;!1ne^^ 
 
 U'GLINF,SS, S. deforn)ity ; the quality of| 
 being difagrceabls lo the light, or voivl ofi bilhop's rcciiiiar jurifdliflion 
 
 V I L 
 
 VICI'SSITUDE, S. [■vlcijp.tvdo, Lat.] re- 
 oiiUr changes wherein the fame things return 
 in fucccflicn ; revcliuion. 
 
 VIC'TJiv?, S. [iirthKa, Lat.] fomething 
 llain in fjcrifice ; ibmcthing deftroyed. 
 
 VrCTOR, S. \_i.-i^'oi; Lat. It i's obferved 
 that this word is generally followed by cn>t-r, 
 cr at, and .ra.rcly by .yj a conin.;eror ; one who 
 ga^ns ihe advantage in any difpute. 
 
 VlCrO'RlOUS, Adj. [inajtkux, Fr.] 
 having obt:.incd conqutfl, or the advantage; 
 producing or betokening conquefl. 
 
 VrcfOkY, S. [-vicliln-, Fr. w75rw. Lat.] 
 conqueft ; fuccefs in any conteft. 
 
 VI'CTREsS, S.a female who conquers. 
 
 To VICILTAL, V. A. to fumilh wuh 
 provilion?. 
 
 VI CTUALS,S. [-viauaJHeSjFt. ■olttonag!l<Jy 
 Ital.j meat, or food. 
 
 V rc r UAL L KR , S . [illuaVleur, Fr. j a 
 pisblican ; one who furnifhcs or piovides pro- 
 vifioas ; a fl.ip tliat carries provifions for a 
 fleet. 
 
 Vl'DAME, S. in France, the judge of a 
 
 beauty 
 
 U'GLY, Adj deformed, offemlve to the 
 fight, void of beauty. 
 
 VIAL, S. I'vi-mXii, Gr ] a fmall bottle 
 
 Vl'AiNi?', S. \vl:i:di, Fr. •vivanda, It.i!.] 
 fcoJ j meat drefied.* 
 
 VIA'TICU.V), S. [Lut.] provifionfora 
 jouinev- In the Rom fli chnich,the lad rites 
 pei!bi)T;';d to fit a perfon for death. 
 
 To VI'BRaTE, V. A. [-viLratus, Lat.] to 
 bmndiih, or move to or fro with a quick mo- 
 tion ; to make to qui>er. Nc;itcr!y, to play 
 up 2.v\\ Jown, or tb and fro, altein.itGJy. 
 
 'Vi'BRATlON.S. the.(ftofmoviogtoand 
 fro, or upvvvirds and downwards altein.'.tcly. 
 
 ViCAR, S. [vj':cay;::s, Lat.j one who pcf 
 fcfles an appropriated, or imprOjiriated bcne- 
 
 VIDF'LICuT, Adv. iLat.l to wit; that 
 is : uf'-ialiy written contra^edly thus, i-ix. 
 
 VIDU'irV, S [-ci.'f.V/, Fr.J widowhood; 
 the flate of a woman who has buried her huf- 
 band. 
 
 To VIE, V. A. [the etymology is uncer- 
 tain] to ihew or praflife in oppofuion or curn- 
 petiiion. Neuttrly, to contei> for fuperiority. 
 To emulate, followed by iv'ub- 
 
 ToA'IEW, V. A. [t:cu, Fr.] to furvey, 
 or l.)ok into by way of exam'.nution orcuriofi- 
 ty ; to look at. 
 
 VIEV/, a profpeft; fight; furvey; the 
 feach of fi;;ht; appear.mce or (hew; esihibi- 
 1 tion, or difpky to the mind ; intention or de- 
 
 VI'GIL, S. \i-';gilla, Lat.] a watch, or de- 
 lice ; onewho performs tlie duty of anotlier. I volions paid to futnts while other perfons are 
 
 VIC.-.'RA.GE, S. \_-jkaiij, Lat.j the cure generally at reft j the fa ft kept before a holi- 
 er bcneJice of a vicar. day. 
 
 ViCA'RIOUS, Adj. deputed; delegated; VIGI'LANCE, S. [Fr. ingibntia, Lat.] 
 acV.r.gby com.miliion. forbearance of lleep ; watchfuhiefs, 
 
 . V [ E, S. ["jit^um, Lat.] an habitual courfe VIGI'LANT, Adj. [-vhi!^)-.!, Lat.] watdi- 
 pi aftions cor.tr.iry to the laws of virtue ; a I ful ; circumfpe^, to pre\ent danger. 
 fju'.t; a kind of fmall inn prefs, ufed in hold- 1 VI'GOROUS, Adj. [-jigor, Lat.] full of 
 );'.;jr any thing f..lt, and moving by fcrews ; itrcnth and life. 
 
 uomi'ih, Be'.g gripe. I'lce, in compofition 1 Vl'GOUR, S. {-viguur, Tv. t.^^jc, Lat.] 
 i.^ dciivtd from the Latin, and fignifics one j flrcngth, force, or power of body or mind ; 
 V. ho ;:its inltead of a fuperior, or is the fecond | energy. 
 
 in command. As yia-Rcy, one who governs] ViLE, Adj. \ ■vil, Fr. •vilis, La't.] Lafe ; 
 a (h\tc inOesd of a king. ] mean ; defpicable ; wicked. 
 
 VlCiiGE'RENT,S. a deputy; alientenant.j VILE'NESS, S. [ciZ/to, Lat.] meannefs; 
 
 VrCE-ROY., S. one who governs in place i bafenels ; «ickcdnefs. 
 of a kin*r\i'iih regal authority. To Vi'LIFY, V. A. to debafe ; to defame, 
 
 Vi'CI'^TY, S. nicenefs ; exnclnefs. . or endeavoiu- to make contemptible. 
 
 VICI'NITY, S, ['viLv::is, Lat.j ncarncfs ; j ■ YILL, S. It-iiJc, Fr. w'a, Lat.]. a village ; 
 
 r.ciohbour.hood 
 
 VTCIOUS, AJj [from VicE.|commiit:ng 
 a»."lions conr!<iry to virtue ; addicTed tov'cs. 
 
 VrCiOUSM^^SS, S. wickeiacls ] faultinefs. 
 
 or a fm:H coUcftion of houfes. 
 
 VFLLA, S. [Lat.] a country feat. 
 
 Vl'LLAGE, S. [ Fr.] a fmall colkaion of 
 hcufes in the country, lefs than a town. 
 
 Vl'LLA-
 
 V I L 
 
 V I N 
 
 VI'LLAGER, S. [W/a.'/w, Lat.j an in-| out of iiis coach in St. James's nicet, anJ c.ir- 
 iiahitant of a village. i ried away by Blood aiui liis fon, bcyotiJ Uc- 
 
 Vl'LLAJN, S. [-ov/.;;;;, Fr.] one who holds i von(hiic-hi;uie, Picc.'.dilly, hut liien rcfcued. 
 of another by bafe tenure j a wicked and bafc i Li June 1671, the duke was in(t.;llcd chancel- 
 wretch. - loroftiie univerlity of Cambridge, and the 
 VI'LLAINOUS, Adj. bjfe ; vile j wicked ; fame year was fent amhaflador to the king i>f 
 
 Toiryj ufcd fometimcs to fieightcn the idc.i 
 of any thing low and bafe. 
 
 Vl'LL ilN Y, S. bafe wickednefs. 
 
 VILLfERS, [(ieorgej duke of Dncking- 
 Inni, fon of the dukeof 1 iickinghani, who 
 was murdered by Felton ; w!io, it he was in- 
 ferior to liis fathei as a (taiefman, was fuperior 
 ill wit, and Wanted only application to have 
 made a very great figure, even in the fcnate ; 
 but his lovcof plcafurc'.vas immoderate, which 
 embarralicd him in the purfuit of any thing 
 iolid or praife- worthy. He was an infar.t when 
 his father's murder was perpetrated, and receiv- 
 ed his cirly education from feveraldomtftic tu- 
 tors, and was afterwards fent to the univerfity 
 of Cambridge : when he had hnilhed his couvfc 
 there, he travcllcdu it!i his brother lord Francis. 
 .Upon his return, whic!) was attcr the breakin 
 
 France; wlio being plcafed with his peiTon 
 and errand, entertained him very nobly for fe- 
 Viral d..ys together; and, upon his taking 
 leave, ga\c him a fword and belt fct with 
 pearls and diamonds, to the value of 40,000 
 pillolcs. Ho was afterwards fent to that king 
 at Ltreciu, in June 1672, together with Henry 
 carl of Ai/ington, and George lord Flallifax. 
 He was one of the cah.il at \Vhitchall, and in 
 thcbcginningof the fclTion of parliament, Fe- 
 bruary 1672, endeavoured to caft tlie odium 
 of the Dutc'i! war from lumf If upon 1 )rd Ar- 
 lington, another of the cabal. In June 1674, 
 he rcfigncd the cliancellorfliip of Cambridge. 
 About this time he became a great favourer of 
 the non-coniormiifs. February 16, 1676, his 
 grace, and James earl of Salifb.rv, Anthony 
 earl of Uiaftfburj-, nnd Philip lord Whai ton. 
 
 out of the civil wars, he was conducted to 0.v- were committed to the Tower, by order of ih 
 
 ford, and prefcnted to his majelfy, then thcic, 
 and ent'.'ved into Chrilt-Chuich. Upon thedc- 
 clino of the king's c.nife the young duke of 
 Buckingham attended princcCharjes into Scot- 
 land, and was prcfent in the year 1651, at the 
 bact e of VVoiceller, whence he elcaptd beyond 
 fea, and was loon attej made knight of the 
 garter. He cameaftcrv.'aids privately into Eng- 
 Jand, and November 19, 1,657, married Mary, 
 the daughter and heirefs of Thomas lord Fair- 
 
 houfe of lords, for a contempt ia rtfubng to 
 retract what they had laid the day before,when 
 the duke immediately after his majcRy had 
 ended his fpecch to both hcufcs, endeavoured 
 to ihew from liw- and reafon, that the lopg 
 prorogation was nulled, and the parliament 
 was confequently dillblvcd. The chief of our 
 auth.or's works iSj 7'/.cRe/:earfa/,2 comcdy-fi-ft 
 acted on December 7, 1661, The charafler of 
 Bayes is inimitably drawn ; in it the vaiious 
 
 fax, by wlioll- intertfl he recovered all, or moft foibles of poets ( whetl-.er good, bad, or indif- 
 ot' his eftate which he had loft before. After ferent) are fo excellently blended, as to m.ike 
 
 • thcRcltoration, at which tin'.ehe is faid to have 1 the moft finilhed piclureof a poeticalcoxcomb : 
 poiIcFed an eftatc of 20,Gcol. per annum, heliiisfuch a in after-piece x;f t<ue humour as 
 was made one of the lords of -the king's bed- 1 will ever laft, whUc our Ehelifh tongue is un- 
 chamber, i.nd of the privy-council, lord licutc- derftood, or the I'tage iifi;raFa good comedian 
 nant of Yorkfhire, and, at la If, marrer of thei to play it. It is allowed by the fevereft cne- 
 liorfe. In the year 1666, beingdifcovered to| mies of this nobleman, tliat he had a great 
 have maintained fecrct corrcfpondence by let- (hare of vivacity, and quicknef-i cf parts.wl.ich 
 ters, and oilier tranLoiions, tending to raife . were particularly turned to ridicule jhut while 
 mutinies among fomc of his majefly's forces, I he has teeii celebrated as a wit, all men 
 and ffir up feduion'among his people, and to | are fiknt as to his virtues ; for it is no where 
 liave carried on other traterous defigus and ! recorded that he ever performed one generous 
 practices, he abfconded, upon which a procla- 1 difinrereflcd aftbn in his whole lii'e. r;e died 
 ination was illiied the fame year for appre i April 16. 1687 : P.Ir. Wood fays at his hoi fe 
 licndiug him. Notwithfianding this appeai- ■ in Yorkfhire ; but Mr. Pope Informs us, that 
 ance cf reftntment agj.'nli him, Charles, who! he died at an inn in that country, in very 
 was far from being ot an implaca!)le tenipc;-. 1 mean circumftances. 
 
 I took Buckingham jgain into favour, after l;ej VlRIl'N EOL'S, Adj. made of twigs. , 
 
 had made an humble fubrnilTion ; he was re- ; Vl'NCISLE, Adj. [t/irciiilis, iat.j con- 
 frored to his place in the council, and in the j ouerable ; that may be overcome, 
 bjcd-chamber, in 1667, and feemcd perfectly VI'NUl L'RE, S. a binding, 
 confirmed in the good gracesoftlie king, who To Vl'NDlCA : E, V. A. [yii:dkeius, 
 v/as, pcrhap?, too much charmed with his wit I. at.] to juftify from any charge_pr accu- 
 to conlidcr him as an enemy. In the year faiion ; to avenge; to ailcrt, or claim tt!ec- 
 1670, the duke was fuppoied to be concerned 1 tualiy. 
 
 in Blood's attempt on the life of the duke of VJ'.VDICATION, S. [Fr.] defence ; apo- 
 Ormond. This fcheme was to have conveyed! logy ; juftificition. 
 
 ■thatnobleman to Tyburn, and there to have ! VINDICATIVE, crVINDI'CTiViisAdj, 
 ,Jia.n^eJ him j for '.vhich purp?l'e he was taken I given to revenue 
 
 1 3 N 4 VUsDI^
 
 V I R 
 
 ViKDiCA'TOR, S. cnc wlr, jufnfies 
 firm a cliavpc oraccufation ; a dt;fenHer. 
 VrNDlCTIVKNKSS, S. levenoefiilne'V. 
 
 V I R 
 
 \vliich divide it fiom the v?.f^ tic£t cd\ei 
 Loiiiriana. On the W. f;de cf C hcaftpcak- 
 bay, it cxtrnds from lat. jf' dcg. 3c min. to 
 
 VIVNF., S. [-v-Kca, Lat. J t!:e plant wiiich ',9 tie?. 30 min. N. but on the E. fide only 
 
 beais jthe grape. 
 
 Vi'Nt.'.-HR, S. [-^iVci^rf, Fr.] wine, or 
 c'.!''Cr iqiicis made four j any thing lour. 
 
 VI'Nl'^V A R D, S. '[-u^irc^ea. d, Sax. j ground 
 p'anitd «irh vines. 
 
 VfNOUS, Adj. r-^wjl", I-st.j h.-'ving t'oe 
 cjiia! tics of, or refemlilin", wine. 
 
 VI'NT.-.GE, S. f'!ir<:|-f, Fr.] ihefeafon 
 
 from Cajic Charles in i.-.t. 37 dejv 13 min. to 
 28 dejr. N. Its breadt!-, f) far as planted, is 
 about ICO rr.iles ; but to the wellu-jrd it has 
 no boundary. The K. and W. winds here 
 are either very (harp and piercing, cr ftormy ; 
 and the S. and b. E. hazy or fiiltry. Snow 
 falls in great quantities, but fcld< m lies ahove 
 two da\s : and the f;in~e mnv be f.'id of the 
 
 fi)r milking wine ; the pic-duct of wine lorj frofl:, the winters in this country being gc- 
 
 tlie year. 
 
 Vr.N'rNLR, S. [-Jroriu!, Lat.] one who 
 fc'ils wincj a tavrn-kiepcr 
 
 \"1'GL, S. a llvi'-gfd inf^rutr.cnt of m'^fic. 
 
 VIOLA'CEOU^, ."dj. refcm:>lino violets. 
 
 To Vl'OLA : E, V. A. [I'io^ciias, Lar.] to 
 
 ncially t'ry and clear. 'J he fpring is earlier 
 th?n ouis; Mavand June are vtiy plcaOnt, 
 July and Augufl fuhry, iiu' Septembci has pro- 
 digious tains. Tow aids I he conft, and for iro 
 miles inland, there is hardly a liill or ftone to 
 he found. Here are trees of v;irious forts, and 
 
 iriv^re m Imrt ; to break ary law ; to irjure of prodigious niagiiiuide ; with abundance of 
 L\ irreverence ; to ravifh. pafiure grounds The land pioduces lice, 
 
 V lOi^.^i'TlON, S. the ttlcf Iranfgrifiing, j iiemp, Indian corn, fi.ix. (ilk, cotton, and 
 cr break irg. 1 wild gr?pes : but the Daple commodity of Vir- 
 
 VSO'La'TOR, S. [i>':o!at£iir, Fr ] a tranf- g-nia is tobacco, ro which the pbnttrs poft- 
 g-\r!;'r. p:ne everything clfe. That of Virginia, efpe- 
 
 " '' ' ' '~ ; I cially the fwect fctnttd tobacco, wliieh grows 
 
 VI'OLEKTCE, S [Fr wlcnt!^, Lat.] force ; 
 unjuft ap. lication of ftrengrh ; an allault; ve 
 htmcncc; i^ijury 5 ravilhmcnt. 
 
 Vi'OLENT, Adj. ['z^iy,;,-/w, Lat.] arming 
 viih gre^it, continuid, and an imjui'i: appiica 
 tir.n of force. OcC':(!oned by foicc, cppofed 
 to n.iturai. 
 
 YTO'LENTLY, Adv. forcibly ; vtlie 
 niciiily. 
 
 ViO'LET, S, [Fr] a plant bearing a 
 fu t e--(c(.nv<J flower. 
 
 VIO'LEC, Adj. purple. 
 ViO'LlN, S. [-c'/Vtw, Fr.] a fiddle; a mu- 
 f;c ;i inftrumont well known. 
 
 ViOLOKCtlLLO, S. afmall bafs violin, 
 iud half as b^as a common bafs violin in 
 l.noiii, &c and ufcd to pljy n bal\ upon v\ith 
 ii C'jnimon I)afs violin or viol. 
 
 Vl'PER, S. [fl/.a-c, Fr. -vlpcra, Lat.] a 
 ro'Tonnus lept'.le of the ftrpent kind. 
 VlTEROUS, Adj. !)elonging (o a viper. 
 VIRA'GO, S. [Lat ]a tcniaie warrior ; a 
 mafculiue woman. 
 
 Vl'RKN •', Adj. g\xtn ■ not withered. 
 VILIGK, S. a dean's mace. , 
 VI'RGINJ, S. [i-icr^e, Fr. i-lrgo, Lat] a 
 iV) id ; any thing not ufed or foilcil. 
 
 V[RG1N'AL, Adj. maidenly; belonging 
 t") a virgin. 
 
 Vl'i.GlN'.AL, S. f generally p-onounced in 
 tiie pluralj a mufical iuilruracnt, fo Cillcd be- 
 c.:u!c ufed by young ladies. 
 
 VIliGINiA, ^. a liritilh colony of North- 
 Amerira, firft difcovtred by the, celebrated Sir 
 Waiter Raleigh in i£S4, and had its na-fe 
 from our Virgin Queen. It is very happily 
 fitu.ted, wi:h the river Polowmack on tile 
 N. E. fepar.iting it from M<'ryland, and the 
 Atlantic ocean on tile E. C:iro!ina en the S. 
 ai;d the Apcl.;ci^ian mount:;;ns on the W. 
 
 on York- river, is ixckoncd the heft in the 
 world, and grncrally vtnded in Great- I^ritairi 
 and Irel?nd, for In'oaking, fnuff, &c. the 
 t ther fort Cilied, Oronoko, is feut to Holland, 
 Denmark, S<'.eden, and Geimaiiy ; where it 
 turns to equal acco 'lit for the planter. Vir- 
 ginia coiitains (ifty-fourp.iiifhcs and churclus, 
 thirty or forty of which have miniittrs, . 
 with chape's of cafe in tho(e of larger ex- 
 tent :" the maintenance of e.ich miniller is 
 fettled at i6co pounds of tobacco per annum, 
 befides peiquifiies. In ih!sc(dony are faid to 
 be only 'wo r!efbyferi.in, and three f^i.iker 
 nneting-houfes At Middl' plantation, or Wil- 
 !i.-.n;fbuig, there is a college. Though the 
 uGml method of traflic in this country is by 
 baiter of one commodity with another, or of 
 any with toiiacco, they have F.nglifhand Span- 
 ifh coins in (liver. Vvhen any pcrfon in Vir- 
 ginia is difubltd, through age cr fickuefs, he is 
 placed in fomc pLinter's houfe at the public 
 t'.arge ; and fucli is the liofpilality of (he 
 planters to rtrangers, that there is no need of 
 i ns. Of late only tliey have begun to build 
 foits, depending ciiicfiy on a wcll-ngulated 
 militia on land, and cruzitrs from Hnglandat 
 fea. Thi)u::h Virginia abounds in fine timber 
 and naval lt(,res, and it h:.s one grand h 1 hour 
 after entering Chcafapeak- bay, between Cape 
 Ciiarles and Ikiuy, yet they build no Hiip- 
 ping. As here are few t'Wns, James-town 
 and Wiiliamfburg being the principal, the 
 planters rclide on their farms, which lie con- 
 tiguous to fon-.e large river ; fo tiiat Ihips come 
 up almofl to thtir doors, and take in tobacco 
 lur tiicir lading. 
 
 VI'RGl.Ni lY, S. [■vhglnite, Fr. i-irginUaSy 
 Lat.] the (tate of a woman that has notienown 
 man. 
 
 VIi1I=
 
 V I s 
 
 VIR IDI' r Y, S. [ziriHi'as, Lst.] f^rccncfs, j 
 
 VlRi'LK, Adj. [i-jrilis, Lat.Jbclonj^ing to, I 
 or becoiTiing a man, [ 
 
 VI .• I'Ll FY, S. manliood j power of pr.o- 
 cj-Cdtioti I 
 
 VI RTUAL, Adj. [ih'!ud, Fr.] having 
 the «-ffic:icy, though not tiic fcnfibic ^nd ma- 
 ttriiil part. 
 
 V;R rUALLV, Adv. in cfRa, though 
 not formally. 
 
 Vl'RTUE, S. [ivrfOT.fr. w'r/M, Lat.j a 
 habit ofaftin^ ;i2rcl.al)Ic lo the rules of mo- 
 rality, which improves and peifcdU ihc pof- 
 i'eRoy i moral excellence ; a medicinal quality 
 or efficacy; power ; excellence. Carciiu.I I'ir 
 tuesi among iVIoralifls, arc, pnideiici, temj;c 
 ranee, juftice, and fortitude. 
 
 VIR I UO'SO, S. [it,.l.j a man curious in 
 Colle<fling antique aid natural curiofitics. 
 
 V i'Rl U OL'S, /\ dj {-oiytycvx, Fr. i-irtuoJui, 
 Lat. ; habitually good ; chailc. 
 
 Vl'RULENCK, or Vl'RULENCY, S. 
 [from ViRULEN 1 ] acrimony, or bitterncfs 
 of temper; maiiiinity. 
 
 VVRL'LKNT, Adj.fFr. --vkulaitus, Lat.j 
 poifonous j fhaip, 
 
 Vl'SnGK, S. [Fr. -vif.iggn, Ital.] the 
 countenance or look. 
 
 Vl'SCKRA, S. the entrails or bowels. 
 
 VI'SCERAL, or VI'SCEROUS, Adj. be 
 longing to the bowtls. 
 
 lo VI'SCKRATE, V. A. [-yif .actum, 
 Lat.j to embowel, or take out the bowels 
 
 VrsCID, Adj. [I'iJ'ciifus, Lat j icfembling 
 glue ill its conliltence and flicking. 
 . WSCCr ITY, S. {fifio/I.-/, Fr.| clammi- 
 ncfs ; a oluifli or flicking quality. 
 
 VI'SCOUNF, S. [ii/tcOT.v, Fr. pronounced 
 ri-!cot;nr\ an order or dignity next to an earl : 
 it was an ancient tide as an office, but a 
 modern one as a dignity, being never men- 
 tioned as fuch before t!ie reign of Henry VJ. 
 
 Vi'SCOUNiLSS, S. the wife of a vif- 
 count. 
 
 Vl'SCOUS, Adj. ['c-if'^ucux, Fr. i'if,o/us, 
 Lat.j (ticky, or glutinous. 
 
 VISIBI'LITY, S. Ivi/Ililitas, Lat.] the 
 quality of being fcen. 
 
 VI'SIdLK, Adj. [Fr. -viji-ii'ls, Lat.j to be 
 ptrccived by the eye; apparent. 
 
 VrSi:iLY, Adv. [-vl'iijiLtnent, Fr.j in fuch 
 a manner ?.s to be Icen a-.d petceived. 
 
 VISION, S. [Fr. -uifio, Lat.j fight j the 
 acft or faculty of feeing ; a fupernatural ap- 
 pearance which a perfoii fees waking.. 
 
 Vl'SlONARY, Adj. imaginaiy. 
 
 To VISIT, V. A. [-vifio, Lat. -vlfjcr, Fr.j 
 to go to fee. in Sc.ipturc, to feud good or 
 evil in reward or punilhment ; to take a fur- 
 vcy or infpedtion ot as a bilhop. 
 
 Vi'Sir, S 'c^yiu, tr.j the aa of going 
 to fee another. 
 
 VITT.^'TION, S the furvey or infpec 
 tion peri'o;med by a bilhop in hi.i diocefs, to 
 cx.imiue into the Hate of the thurch j finy 
 
 V I z 
 
 calamity a ffli<ning a nation. Fcajl of the "vi- 
 f.iiitkn, in the Romifli chuTh, a te(tiv;il ob- 
 iti vcd in comnjcmoration of the vilit by the 
 Virgin Mary to Eliz ibeth. 
 
 Vl'SlTOR, S. \vijitcw, Fr.j one nppoint- 
 ed to vifiC a mouailcry or religious houfe. 
 
 Vl'SOR, S. I though written likewife to- 
 fiir{I,'7'ifcir, 'vix"rd, ;f]')d fizc'- : J'lhnfbn pre- 
 icrs i-iior, heciufe both nejre(} to lifus, J. at. 
 and eoncurriug with.c7/<;j'^, a kindred word ; 
 I'l/Joe, Fr j a m^(k ufed to i.i:,{igurc or dil- 
 guife. 
 
 Vl'SrA, S. [Lit.] a vie.v or profpert 
 lhr()i:gh a long narrow pafli-ge or avenue. 
 
 Vl'sUAL, Adj. [i-ijucl^ Fr.j iikd in 
 fight. 
 
 VITAL, Adj. rTvV67//i, Lat.j contribntin?, 
 neccfl'dry lo, containing, or the feat (,f lite ^ 
 enential. 
 
 VlTA'Lrry, S. [lUaikas, Lat ] the pro- 
 petty or aOion of life. 
 
 Vi'IALS, S. [wiihouta fmgularj parts 
 neceflary, or cllential to life. 
 
 VIT iOUS, Adj. See Vicioes. 
 
 To VITIATE, V. A, \_-vkk,; Fr.j to 
 corrupt, debafc, or (poil. 
 
 VI FIATION, S. thea«of delKifing, cor- 
 rupting, ffjoiiing, «r dcHoweriiia. 
 
 J o VJTILIT IGAlE, V. N. to dctrjO; 
 to contend. 
 
 Vi'TREOUS, Adj. gUdy; rei'emblina 
 .dafs. 
 
 ° VITRIFICATION, S. the art of turn- 
 ing any thin;.' to gl.fs by th.e force of Hre. 
 
 1 VI' i RIFY, V. A. l-ukiuin, Lat. glafs, 
 and^5, Lat. t.j btcomej to turn to gfils. 
 
 VI' FRIOL, S. [ijUriclum, Lat.j a kind of 
 m neral fait. 
 
 VITLTERA'TION, S. blame ; cenfure. 
 
 VIVA'CIOUS, Adj. [v.vax, Lat.j long 
 lived; fprightly. 
 
 VIVA'CIOUSNESS, or VJVA'CITY, .S. 
 [th'uck!:', Fr.j fprightlinefs; livtluieli ; 
 biilknefs. 
 
 Vl'VhlNCY, S. manner of fupportlng or 
 continuing life. 
 
 VIVES, S. la-v'rjes, Fr.j a difeafc in 
 hoifcs. 
 
 Vi'VID, AJj. [i-iviJus, Lat.j lively ; 
 quick; ffriking. 
 
 VrVIDNtSS, S. livelinefs ; briflcnefs. 
 
 To VI'VlFICAlE, V. A. [■vi'vificatum, 
 Lat.j to quicken or give life, 
 
 VlVIFlCA'FION, S. the adf of enliven- 
 ing or quickening. 
 
 To VIVltY, V. A ['vivifer, Fr.j to 
 quicken or enliven. 
 
 VlVl'l^AROLS, Adj. [-vivu!^ Lat. and 
 pario, Lat j bringing forth its young alive. 
 
 VI'X EN, S. I akiiiner derives it from Bitifi, 
 and that of Bitchln, a fnarling birch j a wo- 
 man who is both fubtle and abulive ; afio- 
 ward child. 
 
 VIZ, [the contradion of •videlicet,'] to wit. 
 Vl'ZARD,
 
 UNA 
 
 U N B 
 
 VI'ZARD, S. See Visor. 1 UNA'DVISED, Adj. r^rti j wiihout tliii,-fe- 
 
 VIZIER, S. [properly wifai] tlie piiaie | ir.p or ficliberatinjj. 
 ir.iiiUK'i- of the Turkjlh empire. . | UN VFfllCTED, Adj. free from affccta- 
 
 U'LCEK, S. [i:u;;rc, i'r. ulcus, Lat.] a i tion ; natural. 
 ...\indof longcoiUinuance. i UNA'FFKCTING, Adj. not intercfting; 
 
 To L'LCERA I F., V. A. [ukcnr, Fr. | not toucliipg the pafTions. 
 
 j\'.'.vj, !.?.t.] 10 ^tful with ibrcsor ucrrs. ! UNALFtNABLF, A<.\]\ir>ajlenal>k, Fr.] 
 
 LLCFR-ATION, S. [eXxa;r>i Gr.J break- ■ not to be made ovci to anothei -, not transfei- 
 4ne oiirin forcs or ulcers. I raole. 
 
 " ■ " " ^ ' ' "' " ' " not 
 
 'U*LCEROUS, Adj [r.kerojua, Lat.] be- 
 !o:T'in<i' to, or fail of ibres ou ulcers. 
 ULrOiNOLS, Adj. (limy; muddy 
 
 L'NAMl'ABLE, Adj. difagrecaLl 
 to be defiled or c.)\eted. 
 
 LNA'^TERAULE, Adj. fixed; fettled; 
 
 L'LTIMATE, Adj. [:i!timatus, Lat] in- I not to be altticJ. 
 
 iided as an end ; bit m a train of confe- UNANIMi'TY, S. [unamm-c, Fr. unar^ 
 
 • Fr.i 
 
 luiences. 
 
 ULTRAMA'RINE, Adj. [ ouiia: 
 from heyoiul Tea. 
 
 ULTilA.M.VIlINE, S. am.ong Painters, 
 tlie fineft Ibrt of blue colour. 
 
 ULrHA'NPlOUS, Adj. fpontancuus ; vo- 
 liiutary. 
 
 ULULA'TION, S. howling like a dog 
 or wolf. 
 
 UiMBlLl'CAL, Adj. pertaining to thena- 
 
 %cl. 
 
 U'MDR AG E, S. Umlr&ge, Fr. umhra, Lat.] 
 a HiaJ'- of trees ; a ili^dmv ; refcntmciu ; of- 
 i'cr.ce. 
 
 UMBRA'GEOU>, Adj. {owbragcux, Fr.] 
 ihady. 
 
 UMCRE'L'. A, S. a flcreen ; a fan ; a fhadc. 
 
 UMri'R.AGr., S, the power of deciding-a 
 .cor.trnveify ; (lie power of an umpire 
 
 vii'.ci, Lat.] concord-, agreement ; conformi- 
 ty, or union of fentiments. 
 
 L"NAN1''.M0US. Adj. {^ur.an'-.mc, Fr. una- 
 nhnis, Lat.] cfoncminJ; agreeing in opinicn. 
 LNA'NSWERABLE, Adj. that cannot 
 be dertied. 
 
 UN.Vl'PESED, Adj. not pacified. 
 UNA: PRO'AGHABLE, Adj. not to be 
 come near. 
 
 UKA'RMED, Adj. naked; withoiit de- 
 fence. 
 
 UNA'SKEi^, Adj. not required ; unex- 
 pe(f>ed. 
 
 UMA'SSISTED, Adj. without help. 
 UN.ATTA'LNABL'i, Adj. «ot to be come 
 at. 
 
 UNATTE'MPTED, Adj. never tried at; 
 never endeavouied. 
 
 UNAI TE'N'DED, Adj. baving no attcn- 
 
 UIviPlRE, S. [derived by Minllievv and dants; unaccompanied ; ne^lc-ftcd. 
 Skinner from im fere, Fr,J an arbitrator, or UN A'VOIDABLE, Adj. not to be pre- 
 OHC cbofen to decide a difpute. vented. 
 
 UN, in compoUtion, implies negation, con- U'^JA'^VARES, Adv. un£xpc6led ; not 
 trariety, and dillolution, or tbe not being lb ! looked for 
 
 and in, together with tlit deflroyingof fome 
 tiling ulicady done. Eeforc Adjciflivc?, it fig- 
 nifies not, or a negation of their qu.;iity ; and 
 before vei bs, it implies, that fomeihing is de- 
 nied of dcft'oyed which has been done or 
 
 To UKRA'R, V. A. [Jciinrer, Fr.] lo 
 remove the bolt of a door. 
 
 UN'BECO'MING, Adj. not confident v. iih 
 decency and good manneis. 
 
 UNBELl'tVER, S. an irfidel ; one 
 
 -faid before : rhis particle is borrowed from that denies the truth of the Chriftian re 
 the Goths and Saxons, who ufed it in the I ligion. 
 
 i'ame fcnfe 
 
 UNABA'SHED, Adj. not confounded ; not 
 -sfhamcd . 
 
 UN. '^ 'RLE, Adj. [of /n, neg. and laiilis, 
 •Lat. j wanting ability, incapable. 
 
 UNA':BS0LVED, Adj. not freed ; not ac- 
 .quitted. 
 
 UN.VCCEPTABLE, Adj. [hiacccl.tai^!is, 
 Lnt.j unpleabng ; difrgreeable. 
 
 UNa'CCEI'XED, Ad;, not received. 
 
 UX.A'COUN rABLE, Adj. unrcafonable ; 
 •nor to b,e accounied for ; not jurtifiable. 
 
 UNACCOUN FA'iiLENESS.'S. unreafon- 
 ablenclV.. 
 
 I^NA'CCUSTOMED, .Adj. not ivfed to. 
 
 UNA'CQUAINTED, Adj. ignorant ; not 
 knowing. 
 
 UNAC FIVE, Adj. iddle ; aiiggifh ; with- 
 out tnvf ;oymeiu. 
 
 UNBELI'EVING, Adj. difficult to be 
 convinced ; increduloi-.s. 
 
 'J o UNliE'ND, V. A. to loofen or flackcn.; 
 to relax ; to rtfrefli the mind. To uvberd a 
 cah/e, among Mariners, to take it from the 
 anchor. 
 
 UNBENEVO'LENT, Adj. inhuman; un- 
 favourable i unfriendly ; unkind. 
 
 UNBE'WAILED, «^dj. uniamentrO. 
 UNBIASSED, Adj. unprejudiced ; im- 
 parti:;l. 
 
 UNBI'DDEN, Adj. not dcfired ; uniu- 
 litcd. 
 
 UNBLA'MEADLE, Adj. innocent j irre- 
 proacliable. 
 
 uf^BL.A'.MEAELENESS, S. innocence j 
 free from guilt. 
 
 - To UNr.O'SOM, V. N. to lay open one's 
 rr.ind to a friend. 
 
 UN-
 
 U N D 
 
 UNBOUNDED, Adj. unixflraineJ •, hew- 
 ing no bniinJs. 
 
 UNCANONI'CAL, Adj. not ayecing 
 with tlie Canons of the church. 
 
 To UNCA'Sli, V. A. to take out of a 
 cafe; to (kin. 
 
 UNCl.'RTArN, Adj. doubtful, 
 
 UNC'RTArNrY, S. douLtfuIiiefs J ir- 
 refolution. 
 
 UNCHANGEABLE, Adj. immutable. 
 
 UNCIIARI I'AliLE, Adj. void of charity; 
 harfli. 
 
 UMCHA'STE, Adj. lewd ; not continent. 
 
 UNCLEA'N, Adj. foul; pollu'cJ. 
 
 UNCO'MMON, Adj. not ulual. 
 
 UNCOUTH, Adj. odd; harflij impo- 
 lite. 
 
 UNCOUTHNESS, S. unpolitenefs 5 rude- 
 pcfs ; harlhntfs. 
 
 U'NC'i'lON, S. [cnaion, Fr.] the ad of 
 Snoinline. 
 
 UNCfU'OUS, Adj.[ciii7ta'ux, Fr.] grcafy; 
 fat. 
 
 UNCULTIVA'TED, Adj. untilled ; not 
 improved ; unpoliie. 
 
 UNCU'STOMEI), Adj. not having paid 
 the duties to tiie king. 
 
 UNDAU'.'^JTEU, Adj. not to be frighten- 
 ed ; firm ; refolute ; iniicpid. 
 
 UNDAU'NTEDNESS, S. intrepidity j 
 coiTrage. 
 
 UNDE'CAGON, S. a figure of eleven 
 angles or fides. 
 
 UNDE'E, Adj. in Heraldry, vi'aved ; rc- 
 fembling waves. 
 
 U'NDER, Prep. [umLir, Goth. m:Jcr, Sax, 
 ander, fjclg.j in a (late of fubjti^tion ; beneath j 
 ])clow ; ia a lefs dc<>ree or quantity; with the 
 Jhew or appearance of; in a (late of oppref- 
 fion, dcpredion, or proteflion j in a ftate ot 
 fubordination. 
 
 U'NDER, Adv. in a ftate of fuLjeaion. 
 Lefs, oppofcd to over ox r.'orc. Inferior ; ful)- 
 ordinate : in tlie la(l fenfe it is generally ufcd 
 in compofition, as v.e.'l as in ihofe of i'i/oiv or 
 iincat/j. 
 
 To UNDE'RGO, V. A. to fuffer. 
 
 U'NDERHAND, Adv. in a fecret anJj difquict. 
 
 U N I 
 
 y?i;«d'<iff, Goth, and Sax. prctzt Jfcfb, Gotli. 
 /hJ, Sax. J to have a perfecft knowledge or 
 proper idea of j to comprehend or conceive. 
 Neutcriy, to be informed. 
 
 UNDERSl^A'NDINCf, S. that power of 
 tlie mind by which we arrive at a proper idea 
 or jndoment of tilings ; (kill j a (late free from 
 dilpiiicor fufpicion. 
 
 •loUNDERTA'KE, V. A. f prefer ««y.r- 
 took, part, pafll ve//;wVrffl^f/;] to attempt or en- 
 gigein; to engage or attack. Neuterly, to 
 ■.Oume any I)Ui'inefs or province j to venture. 
 To promife or warrant after dare. 
 
 UNDERTAKE'R, S. a manager of fomc 
 great woik ; a perfon who provides theneccf- 
 farics for a buiial. 
 
 UN'DER TA'KING, S. a dcfign formed. 
 
 Ub4J)E'R-TREASURER, S. an officer 
 Tubordinatc to the treafurer, who is to chelt 
 up the king's trcafure, and fee it carried to the 
 tre.ifury. 
 
 To UNDER VA'LUE, V. A. to Value lefs 
 than a tJiin'.; is worth ; to flight. 
 
 UNOE'R WOOD, S. any wood that is not 
 reckoned timber. 
 
 ToUNDE'RWORK, V. A. to work- 
 cheaper; to undermine ; to fiipplant. 
 
 ToUNDE'RWKITE, V. A.toCi"n. 
 
 UNDE'RWRITER, S. in commence, one 
 who undertakes toinfure goods, (hips, 8cc, ftr 
 a (lipulated premium. 
 
 UNDESI'GNTN'G, Adj. free from malice; 
 well meaning ; honed. 
 
 UNDi'SClPLlNEP, Adj. in War, raw j 
 not trained ; not perfcdt in their exercifs. 
 
 To U'NDO, V. A. to take to pieces ; to 
 ruin. 
 
 To UNDU'LATE, V. A. [o»dofcr, Fr. un- 
 dtilattim, Lat.] to roll like waves. 
 
 UNDU'LATIOV, S. [ordulathn, Fr.] a 
 motion like that of waves. 
 
 UNDU'TIFUL, Adj. oifobedient ; rebel- 
 lious btliaving with irreverence. 
 
 UNDU'TIFULNESS, S. difobedience; be- 
 haviour iroconfiftent with the refpecft we owe 
 cur (uperiors or parents. 
 
 UNE'ASiNES3,S. inconvenience; trouble, 
 
 clanderiine mannc 
 
 U N E3s:C EP TIO'N A BLE, Adj . irreproach- 
 
 U'NDE'RLING, S. an inferior ; a mean | able ; applied to a perfon's charader, 
 
 pcrfon. 
 
 To UNDERMI'NE, V. A. [mh:er, Fr.] 
 to make hollov; underneath ; to circumvent 5 
 to fupplant. ' 
 
 UNDERMOST, Adj. lowefi. 
 
 UNDFRNEATH, Adv. below. 
 
 UNDE'R-PLOr, S. in Dramatic Poetry, 
 a by-plot, a fubordinate intrigue. 
 
 To CJNDE'R.RATE, V. A. to undervalue, 
 to fct a price under tlie worth. 
 
 To UNDE'RSELL, V. A. to fell for lefs 
 than the worth ; to fell cheaper. 
 
 To UNDF.RSTA'ND, V. A. [preter ur- 
 id.rJJcod y from utidar, Golh, undur^ Sax, and 
 
 To UNFO'LD, V. A. to open; to explain. 
 
 UNGAFN, Adj. aukward. 
 
 UNGO'DLY, Adj. negligene of God and 
 his laws ; impious. 
 
 UNHAPPY, Adj, miferable; wretch- 
 ed. 
 
 UNGU'EN'T, S. [ungucn:ui:i, Lat.] oint- 
 ment. 
 
 U'NI, in compofition, is borrowed from 
 the Latin, and implies one, or fingle, as uni' 
 am, a beaft with a fingle horn, from unur/i 
 and corr.u, l.ar. 
 
 U'NICORN, S. a beaft that has only one 
 horn . 
 I UNI-
 
 U N S 
 
 UKIFORM, Adj. [u'if.rtrf, Tr.ur.'tforni!, 
 iat. r«-gular J even; having all its torms 
 alike. 
 
 , UNIFO'RM, S. drefs peculiar to the dif- 
 ferent corps oi an army. 
 
 L'NltORMLY, Adv. regularly; after ore 
 laanrvcr- 
 
 UKIFO'RMITY, S. [utiiforrr^i:/. Fr. vr:- 
 fcrnthcs, Lar. | ccnformity i agreeing in iiil 
 iii parts; of tlve fjme Ihape and faiiiicp. 
 
 V'MON, S. [Fr. unio, Lat. i the ^ct of 
 joining two or more, <oas to make them one; 
 concord. In Law, the Combining f-vo cliuich- 
 es OT kingdoms in one, in that ihcy niav he 
 iJBTjir.iiieicd by one miniiler, or j^'-veuud by 
 one kiiT<^. 
 
 ir'NlSON, S. a {; ring that is in ti.c fame 
 fcwrxl with another. 
 
 U'NIT, S. one; thatwliuhha^ the Jirfl 
 jkice of numbers in vulgar ai-ithmctic 
 
 UNIl A'RIANS, S. [ta:iu.:re, Fr.] a here- 
 tic whuf'enics the unity ct the Goahead in 
 three perr<ji>s ; a Socinian. 
 
 To- i'Nri E, V. A. \t:r:i:-u!, Lat.] to join 
 in as to m^kconc j to make agree ; to con- 
 cur. 
 
 U'NITY, S. tlie (late of being but one ; 
 concntd. 
 
 UNIVE'RSAF., Adj. \ vnh<erfrlh, Lat. J 
 general, or extending lo all ; total j compril- 
 iii.g ail particuLirs or Ipecies. 
 
 VNIVERS'' , S. \in,h-crs, Fr. unkrrfi.ut, 
 Lat. ] the whole fylicm of created being.<i and 
 t'.\rnos. 
 
 UNIVF'RSITY, S. [ urWcrftai, Lat. ] 
 a fi-liool., or ci'Ikftion oi colleges, where all 
 ilic lii.eral aits arc taught. 
 
 UNIVOC^^L, Adj. [mnvoan, Lat 1 hav- 
 ing but one meardng ; regular or iinmuta- 
 ble. 
 
 To ITNKF'NNE!., V. A. in Hunting to 
 •Vive <)r force from a hole. 
 
 'Jo UNLa'CE, V. A. to undo a lace. 71 j 
 vnhxf a forey, in Carving, to cut it up. 
 
 I'NLAW'hUL, Ad\. cor.trary to law. 
 
 L'K'Ll.'SS. ConjciKft. txtcit ; it not. 
 
 U'NLU'CLY, Adj untortimbte. 
 
 To UNMOCVR, V. A. among Mrrintrs, 
 to »(>';h anrhoi. in order to put to fca. 
 
 U.Nl'Kh'ChDKN-l ED, Adj. not jullifia- 
 ble l.y ai^y exam pie 
 
 UM'KOf ITABLF, Adj. ufclefs ; with- 
 eiu iidvsntage. 
 
 I NRECLA'IMED, Adj, in Falconry, un 
 tamed ; wit*. 
 
 UNRTGHTEOUS, Adj. wicked ; pro- 
 J'ine. 
 
 UNSA'VOURY, Adj. taftelefn fetij ; 
 itJgiilling. 
 
 UNSKA'^('»N'ABLE, Adj. not fuitahlc to 
 ti'nie or occalioK ; laic : <ii, ui:j,-a,tr.uLl^ t'mu 
 
 L NofilE'MLY, Adj. uubtci^ming ; inde- 
 cent. 
 
 VOL 
 
 UNSKI'LFULjAdj. wanting art or k.now- 
 iedge 
 
 USSlL'ArY, Adj. inconftant, variable. 
 
 UNTHA'NKFUL, Adj. ungrateful. 
 
 'i o UNI RU'SS, V A. to ungird or untir, 
 Jo un'ruj's a J Ant, fignifics to unbutton the 
 biecctief, in order to caie thebody. 
 
 UNWa'RY, Adj. imprudent; precipi- 
 tate. 
 
 UNWHO'LESOME, Adj. ini'dlubrious ; 
 tainted 
 
 UN WO'RTHY, .=.dj venting merit} r.ot 
 adequate : unbecoming. 
 
 VOCA'RULARY, S. [focahw'a-re, Fr. i (.- 
 enLi lurium, La^.J a book containing a collec- 
 tion of words without their exphcations. 
 
 VO'CaL, Adj. [Fr. -^■ocjIu, Lat.J having 
 a voice ; uttered or founded by the voice. 
 
 VO'JA'TION, S. [Fr. -L-vratk, Lat.] i 
 fummons; a trade; the fecret caliingof God 
 Cm I nv partic'.il.M office. 
 
 V(./C.-\T1 VK, S. yiocat'iTUT, Lat. tocotif, 
 Fr.j in Grammar, that cal'cof a noun which 
 we ufe when «e call or fpcak to a perfon 
 
 VOClFtRA'TlON, S. [i:odfe,atio,U.l.] 
 clamour. 
 
 VO'GUE, S. [Fr.j falhion j or general 
 cur;(/ni. 
 
 \ OICE, S. [•voix, Fr -vox, Lat ] a found 
 produced in the iliroat and mcuih of an ani- 
 mal, by which he communicjtes his idejs ; a 
 vote or opinion. In Grammii, a circum- 
 (tuncc in verbs, whereby tliey arc dilhnguilh- 
 ed into aftivc, paffive, ^c. 
 
 VOiD, Ai'ij. [yuide, Fr.] empty, or con- 
 taining nothing ; Tain or inetrciftual ; null ; 
 ui.fjpplied, or having no polTc ior ; dciiitute ■ 
 of. 
 
 VOin, S. an empty fpace. 
 
 To VOID, V. A. [■vuuic; Fr.] to quit 
 or lc;;vc empty ; lo emit or pour out ; to an- 
 nul or nullity. 
 
 VOi'DER, S. a bafket or trough in which 
 me.it and other things are carried fkoni 
 t..blf. 
 
 VO'lTURE, S. [Fr.j cani.ige. 
 
 VO'LaN 5 , ^flj. fFr. I'oiam, Lat.] flying 
 or pafling ihiou^h the air ; nimble. 
 
 VO'L.-^'IILETAdj. ItolatUis, *-at.J fi>ing 
 or pi.lTing through the air ; Ipnituous, or dif- 
 (ipiitmg in the air ; lively ; fickie. 
 
 VOLE, .S. [Fr.] in Gaming, a flake 
 wherein a perfon plays alone, and undertakes 
 to win all the tricks. 
 
 VOLCA'iMO, S.[ltal. from ■vukanus, 'Ldit.'] 
 a 'cL'.rning mountain. 
 
 VOLITION, S. [toHtlo, Ljt.] theaftual 
 exerciie of the power the mind has to confi- 
 der, lit forbear confidcriiiv>, any id-a, or to 
 prtler the motion of any p rt ot the body t» 
 iis relL 
 
 VO'LLV, S. [■vcllcc, Fr.] a difchargc or 
 fht^ht of fiiot. 
 
 ▼OLUBl-
 
 vow 
 
 U R A 
 
 - VOLURI'LITY, S. rw«/-;7;.v', Fr. 1 .ipt- hromif;.'. Keutcrly, to make vows or folcraa 
 rcfs tf) roll ; aflivity of tongue j fluency oK promifes. 
 
 fpccch. , VOWKL. S. [ -vcycllf, Fr. -vocalh, L:it. I -a 
 
 VOLU'BLF, Aflj. [■'yo/«Z'i7(j, Lat.] fortnctl Irttt-r wlilcli Conns » founJ, Kjrmayucpie- 
 fo as to roll calily ; roliin^ ; nimble Fluent n uinceJ by itfclf. 
 
 of fpcech, applied to- the lonaiic 
 
 VO'LUMF, S ['ioLmcn, Lut ] fomcrliino 
 rt>llcd up ; as much as is rnlkd at once ; a 
 book, alluding tothe ;ncient method of rolling 
 manitfcrips on a ft ff. 
 
 VOLU'MINOUS, Adj. confifling of many 
 volumes. 
 
 VOLUNTARILY, Adv. wiirugly ; free- 
 ly ; witlioiit beir ;;; afked . 
 
 VOLUNTA'RINESS, S. willini^nef'. 
 
 VO'LUNTA^Y, Adj. ['vdunufrcVv.vo- 
 hiiitji'tus, Lat ] tionc l>y a motion of tlie will 
 free fio.n compulfion, or v\iilK)Ut being 
 afked 
 
 VO'LUNTAivY, S. .1 p'ecc of muficplay- 
 cd at will, without jny (cttled rule : generally 
 ?pplicd to ilie pieces pi lyed at thurcli bet\vcen 
 the pfalms and 'he firfl lelTon. 
 
 VOLU.VTE'ER, S. a loldie-- ..vho enters 
 of his r>wn accord, or ferves v.'ithom pay. 
 
 VOLL'ITUOUS, Adi.[t5/.v/>.Vf/is, Lat.J 
 given to t-xccfs of pleifisrcj Anftjal. 
 
 VOLU'Tii, S. [Fr.] a member of a co- 
 lumn rc7rc!l-nting 2 roll. 
 
 VOMICA, S. an cncyflcd tinnonr iu the 
 lungs. 
 
 To VOMIT, V. N. fo^w/o, Lat.l toJif- 
 charge from the (I'omach by the mou'.h j to 
 throw up with^ violence. 
 
 V0«.A'C10bs, Adj. {vor.icc, Fr. wax. 
 I^t ] ereedy ; inimodtr.-.tely eager after food. 
 
 VORA'CITY, S. [t'o><7,;Vas, Lat.jgreedi 
 
 VOY'AGF., S. r'PCM;^, Fr.] any diftancc 
 pifleJ, or to be p;'iTed. by wrter ; diirni'^i'lhel 
 in r ngliHi from any dill .nee travelled by lanil. 
 wh'ch is then Cjlkd a jourmy. 
 
 UP, Adv. r«P> "/'/>«'• u/ott, Sax. nj>, Relg. 
 and Dan | on high, oppofed to tijivn : out tjf 
 bed, orarifen \ in a flate of preferment ; climb- 
 ing ; infurredlion j from younger to eJJier 
 years. Up and Joivii, he e and there ; dil- 
 perferily ; hackwird and forward. Up wita 
 is r.fed to exprcfs the railing any tiling to 
 flrike with. 
 
 UP, Intcrjetfl, is ufed to exhort a petfon lr» 
 rife from a feat s»r bedjor to rou.'chimtoactioin. 
 
 UP, Prep, from a lower to a higher part, 
 oppofcd to ik-tvn. T^iis woi d is often idld ra 
 i;omn()iitift!i, 111 aimed all the linfti produced 
 in the adverb, or prcpofiiion. 
 
 To UPBRAID, V. A. [up^chradcn, ut-^e- 
 brcda;:, SaK.] to charge with any tiling dif- 
 grnceful ; to mention by way of reproach ; to 
 rcf ioach with having received favours. 
 
 To UPHO'LD, v. A. to fuppoit or main- 
 tain ; to favour. 
 
 UPHO'LSTERER, S. one who deals in 
 houfhold furniture. 
 
 UPLA'KD, S high ground. 
 
 UP'MOST, Adv. Ian irregular fuperhtive 
 from Ur>J the hig'ieft. 
 
 UPO'N, Prep [t'pon, Sax ] on the top or 
 OBtllde 5 in confecf lence of ; by ; afrer ; in 
 confideration of. Sometimes it denotes re- 
 
 nefs J gluttony j devouring with great e^ger- ■ iiHnce, trufi-, or fituation over or near. 
 
 nefs. ^ U'PPER, Adj [otper, Bclg.J hi-her i.a 
 
 VO'HTEX, S. [Lat. p!t:ral t(;.-7zV«] any! pl.ice ; fuperior. 
 thin'.r whirled round. j U'PRJGHT, Ad), flraight ; perpendicular-; 
 
 VO'TAilY, S. r^jo//,ff;, Lat. I one devoted, j erect ; honel^, without the leafi bias to the 
 as by a vow, to any particular religion or opi-contriry ; (Incere ; juft. 
 nion, &c. UPRrGlITNESS, S. ftr.ightncfi; ho- 
 
 VOTE, S. ['votum, Lat.] a voice or fuf- nedy ; fincciity; juiinefs 
 frage given for a candidate. j UPrlOAR, S. [formerly written j/;.rt)r^ ; 
 
 To VOTE, V. A. to give one's fu.'?/.ige in oprcer, Belg cpror, Dan. aufub-, Teut J a tu- 
 behalf of a candidate. mult, or tumultuous commotion. 
 
 VO'TIVF, Adj. given by vow. UPSHOT, S. the iffuc, end, or luecefs of 
 
 To VOUCH, v. A. [-vouciir, Morm ] to an undertaking, 
 call to witnefs ; to attefl, maintain, or fup- U'P^IDE-DOWN, an adverbial form of 
 port. Neuteily, to be;r witnei":;, or give te.'ti-i fpcech. fignifying with total reverfement ; iji 
 
 mony. 
 
 VOU'CKER, .S. one who gives witnefs to 
 any thing ; any thing ufed in evidence, or as a 
 proof. 
 
 To VOUCHSA'FE, V. A. to permit any 
 tiling to be done without danger ; to conde- 
 fcciid. The firft (enk is fcldom ufed. 
 
 VOW, S. [^vceu, Fr. ■votum, Lat.] any pro- 
 mife made to a divine power 5 a folemn and 
 liligious promife, . 
 
 To VOW, v. A. ['vcuer, Yt.wjeo, Lat.] 
 to ;jive or dedicate to a religious uFe by folemn 
 
 compicte diforder. 
 
 L^PSTA'RT, S. oae who has rofe from 
 meannefi: and obfcurity to riches and opu- 
 lence, and behaves v/uh infiilence, 
 
 U'PWARD, A.dv. [:/;. and wf^ri/, Sax.J 
 direfted to a higher place. 
 
 U'PV/ARD, or U'PWARDS, Adj. to- 
 wards an highf r place ; Towards heaven, or 
 any fource. More than, applied to cjuantity 
 or number. 
 
 URA'NIA, S. [oupavia, Gr.] one of the 
 nine mufes^ laid to preUde over aftronomy. 
 
 URBA'-
 
 USE 
 
 URBA'NITY, S. [urhanit/, Fr. whamtJs, 
 tat. j civility^ or politcncfs agreeuble to a'city 
 life. 
 
 U'RCIIIN, S. [hcjcrclin, Arm. erlnaceus, 
 Lat.] a hed.^e-hog. Applied to a child, in 
 flight anger or contempt. 
 
 URE'TERS, S.[uy,ieres, Fr.] membrane- 
 ous vcfiels wiiich convey the urine from the 
 reins to the bladder, 
 
 URS'lHRA, S. the pafLge of the 
 urine. 
 
 To URGE, V. A. [urgio, Lat.] to incite 
 or pufh ; to provoke : to prcfs or cntbrce 3 to 
 offer by way i^f objciTLion. 
 
 URGE'NCY, S. prcfling importunity ; 
 hafic of bufmcls ■■, necc(Fty of being done. 
 
 U'RGENT, Adj. [Fr. «;»fw, Lat. j co- 
 gent ; prefllng ; violent. 
 
 U'RIM, S [Hcb. light] Dr. Newron fup 
 
 U X o 
 
 U'SHTR, S. \lu-[!cc, Fr.]_one who is em- 
 ployed in introducing Itrangcrs, or in pre^ 
 paring the way before any great pcrfon ; a 
 perlbn employed by the head-mailer of a 
 fchool to tcjch for him. 
 
 To U'SHER, V. A. to introduce. 
 
 USQUEBA'L'GH, S. a compounded dif- 
 tilled fpirif, drawn from arom^itics. 
 
 U'STIOM, S. In Surgery, the aft of fear- 
 ing with a r;.'. l5ot-iron. 
 
 To USTLLAT£, V. A. to burn or 
 flat. 
 
 U'SUAL, Adj. {r,jucl, Fr. ] common ; 
 cuftomary-; happcnmg often. 
 
 USUFRt'C i , S. the temporary ufe or en- 
 joyment of any thing, without power to aiie- 
 naie. 
 
 U'SURER, S. [ufurkr, Fr. ufura, Lat.] 
 one who lends money out at intcrefl, v'ulgar- 
 
 pofes this, name given only to fignity the 1 ly applied to one who demands exorbitant 
 
 cleaniefs and ctrtaint}«of the divine aufwers intereft 
 
 obtained by the piieft confiiiting God with 
 
 hi.« breail-plate on, in oppoliticn to thofe of 
 
 the lieathen, which were generally ambiguous 
 
 and enigmnticaj, 
 
 .URI'NAL, S. {unna:e,Yx.'\ a glafs vcflel 
 tiled by fick people to make water in. 
 
 U'RINE, S. [urimi, Lat.] the water which 
 palTes, through an animal body. 
 
 L'RN, S, [urne, Fr. urna, Lat.] any vefTel 
 having its moiitli nartower than the body ; a 
 water-pot ; a veflel in which the remains ot 
 the dead were anciently depofited. 
 - UROMA'NCY, S. a divining or gueHing 
 at the C2ufeof a difrafe by urine. 
 
 U'RSA-M^jOR. S. in Altronomy, the 
 Great Bear, a confteliation, in the northern 
 hemifplicrc, commonly called Charles's Wain. 
 
 URSA'-MINOR, S. in Agronomy, the 
 Lcflcr Ecar, a northern cendelhtion, con- 
 fiuing of fcven flars. 
 
 L'S, the oblique cafe pluril of L 
 
 r'SAGE, S. [Fr.J treatment ; praflice 
 long continued; manners. 
 
 U'SANCE, S. [Fr.]intcrea paid for the 
 
 To USU'RP, V. A. \ufurf:r, Fr. ufurpo, 
 Lat.] to feizc or take polleflion of by force, 
 and contrary to liglit. 
 
 USURPATION, S theaa of wrongfully 
 taking what belongs to another. 
 
 U'bURY, S. ^ujur^'e, Fr. ufiirta, Lat.] mo- 
 ney paid for interell ; demand of exorbitant 
 intcrelt. 
 
 UTENSIL, S. [ utenfle, Fr. ] an inflru- 
 mcnt ukd in an houfe, kitchen, or trade. 
 
 UTt-RUS. S. .{Lat.] the womb. 
 
 UTI'LIIY, S. [uiilke, Fr. uth'kai, Lat.] 
 ufefulncfs ; profit ; advantage. 
 
 U'TMOST, Adj. {umaf}. Sax. from 
 Utter] extreme; in the higheft degree. 
 Ufcd fubftantivcly for the moft that can be 
 conceived (<r dune. 
 
 UTfER, Adj., f Sax. ] fituated on the 
 outfiuc ; oi;t of any pl.ice; extreme ; excef- 
 five ; utn-.oll ; entire ; complete. 
 
 To U'TTER, V. A. to fpeak, pronounce, 
 or csprefs l)y the voice; to difclofc j to Icll 
 or expofe to fsle; to difperfc. 
 
 UTTERANCE, S. the manner or power 
 
 life of money. In Commerce, applied to the lof fpeaking 
 
 time generally given for payment of a hill j U'TTERMOST, Adj. the highefl degrcej 
 
 of exchange, which differs in diff>:rent coun- |moft remote 
 
 USE, S. [lifus, Lat.] the aft of employing 
 any thing to auy particular piirpofe ; quality 
 v.'l.ii'h makes a thing proper for any purpofc; 
 need, or occafion; advantage, convenience, or 
 help 5 a cuftom ; money paid for iiiterefh 
 Note, the/ in the fubft-intive is pronounced 
 fhr.rp. like a c, to diftinguKh it from the verb, 
 which is founded hoarfe like a ^. 
 
 To US(, V. A. {uf.r, Fr. ups, Lat.] to 
 employ to any particular purpofe ; to accuf- 
 tom ; to treat. • 
 
 U'SEFUL, Adj. convenient, profitable, or 
 conducive to any end; 
 
 USEFU'LNESS, S. profitablenefs _; con- 
 venieucy ; the quality of affilling ia any 
 end. 
 
 VU'LCANO, S. [Ital.] a burningmoun- 
 tain t!iat emits flame, fmokfe, and allies. 
 
 VU'LGAR, S. the common people. 
 
 VU'LNERABLE, Adj. [Yr. ■vulueraLi!}!, 
 Lat.] capable of receiving wounds. 
 
 VULTURE, S. a large bird of prey re- 
 markable for voracity. 
 
 UXO'RIOUS, Adj. [uxoriow., Lat.] too 
 fond of a wife. 
 
 w 
 
 A letter peculiar to the northern 
 language, is compounded of two 
 ^ Vs joined together; though not 
 afed by the Hebrews, Greeks, or Romans, yet 
 
 among 
 
 w
 
 W A I 
 
 aTTinrig llie Arabians, Teutonics, Germans, i WATN, S. acontraaion of Wagcok ; gsi- 
 
 Saxotr;. and Britons, it was very common. — neraliy drawn by oxen. 
 
 In the bes^inning ot words it is a confonaiit, I WAi'NSCOT, S. [wargenfcot, -zvaniifcoTr 
 
 and at the end a vowel ; it is placed before all jTeut. j.thc wooden covering laid over a walF 
 
 vowels except u, and is founded like an u at : within a hoiife. 
 
 the end oi" words. I To WAI'KSCO T, V; A. to line or cover 
 
 To WA'BfeLE, V. N. to move in a ' walls with boards, 
 clvmfey munner from (ide to fide. | VV.AIR, S. a piece fof limber two yards 
 
 WAD, S. [iveod, Sax.J a bundle of Uraw \ long, r.nd a foot broad. 
 Jhrullclofe together. , I \\' tA?,'!, %. \gicsfc, 'Q\\\.. frcm givnfenl 
 
 Vv'A'D-HOOK, in Gunnery, is a rod with 'the fmalklt part cf the body below the ribs, 
 an iron fcrew at the end to draw the wadding I To WAIT, V. A. [ivaiLtJii, Tclg.] to ex- 
 whtn the loading is to be drawn out of a pcft \, to ftay for ; to attend ; to threaten as 
 gun. a confcciucnce. Neutcrly, lo expert, or ftand 
 
 WA'DDTNG, S. [nuad.-vatU Tfl.] a kint'. 'in expectation of. Ufe'd with cti or tfron, to 
 of foft rir.ffloofely woven, iifed for Itullinir i attend as a fcrvanr. To ftay till a perfon 
 the fides of mens cojts, and between llie|CpI^e3, iifcd \\\\.hfir. 
 
 two coverings of cloaks. In Gunnery, the I WAIT, S.an ambulh; a mnncian p.-iid for 
 paper, flax, i&c. mmmed into a gun to keep attending on procclTions in a town, 
 the bullet from roiling out, and clofe to the WAl' PER, S. an attendant; a piece of 
 powder. plate, or wood, on which ii,lalies, Oi. are prc- 
 
 To W.VDDI-F, V. N. f^f/TT^W^,;, Belg."] (cnted. 
 to fliake from fide to fide in walKing. To WAKE, V. A. [tiyvw.", Sax. tvechcn. 
 
 To WADE, V. N. ii-ado, L?t.J to walk B».lg.J to roufe from flt-ep ; to excite to ac- 
 through waters; to pafs with difficulty and i tion ; lo biing again to lite. Neutprly, to 
 luboiir. watci'. ; to be roufed from fletp or fupihenefs ; 
 
 \\'A'PER, S. [wflyt/, Helg] a thin cake ; from wdjlfw, Goth. nvaicJii, Sux. ^-Jicck'ifi, 
 
 pa!fc ufed in clofmg letters. 
 
 To WAFT, V. A. [perhaps from Wave] 
 to carry tr.rough the air Or the water. Neu- 
 tcrly, to float. 
 
 "WAFT, S. a floating body ; the motion of 
 a dreamer. 
 
 To WAG, V. A. fwagian. Sax. 'zvaggcn, 
 Belg. ] to move o\ (hake lightly. JJeurcrly, 
 to move or go. 
 
 WAG, S. [luagon. Sax.] any one archly 
 merrv. 
 
 To WAGE, V. A. [iva^g.r, Teut,] to at- 
 
 Bslg. 
 
 WAKE, S. the feafl kept in commemora- 
 tion of the dedication of a chinch, {a called 
 becaiifc formerly kept by watching •.!l n:<.;lu. 
 WA'KEFUL, Adj. not inclin.'!'>'le to fleep. 
 To WA'KEN, V. N. to ceafe from ficep. 
 Aclivcly, to roufe from deep or fupintnefs. 
 
 MALE, S. [tcv.V, .«;j::. a web. J a riling 
 mark in a piece of eloth. 
 
 WALES, a principality in the W. cf 
 Ehj;bnd ; comprehending laccunties, nan-,£- 
 !y Anc^lefey, Carnarvanfliirc, Dcnbighliiire,. 
 tempt, To make or carry on, followed byWAR.^ Flintiliire, Merionethdnre, andMontgonjery- 
 W.A'GEPv, S. a bett, or any thing pledged i fhire, ia North Wales j Brccknocklhicc, Car- 
 as a flake. ! diganlliire,Caermaithenfhire,Gkmorganihire, 
 
 WA'GES, S. [not ufed in the fingulav, ! I'embrckclhivc, and Radmorftiire, in Smith 
 ivigen, ii'agen, Teut. goges, Fr.j money paid j Wales. 'I his country is for the mofr part 
 forftrvice. | mounrainoiis, and yet its produce is fiifacicnt 
 
 WA'GGERY, S. mifchicvous entertain- 1 for the maintenance of the inhabtan.s. It is 
 ment ; wantonncfs. ' the country where the ancient Britons fled, 
 
 WA'GGISH, Ac*j. knavifhly, or mifchiev- j when this iflandwas invaded by tlie viftorious 
 oudy merry. Saxons, v.ho are now called Welch, and con- 
 
 To WA'GGLF, V. N, rwi7r-/v/t.v, Teut J i tiniie to prefervc their own language. 1 he 
 to move from one fide to another. j weflern part is bounded by St. George's chan- 
 
 WA'GGON, S. [ivarg-r, Sax. TtvrgZien, | nc!, a."d the Irifli Tea ; on the S. by Eri(l6l' 
 Kelg. f.7c--;, Jfl.j a heavy cahiage going on i channel; on the N. by the Irifli Tea .; and on 
 four wheels. the E. by the counties of Chef^er^ Salop, 
 
 WA'G GONER, S. [tvaeg^ener, Eelg.] one 
 tb.at drives a waggon. 
 
 WAIFS, S. in L;.«-, goods or cattie that 
 are loir, which belong to the king, or lord of 
 
 Hereford, and Monmouth. It contains 751 
 «arifnes, 58 market towns, andaboVe '^co^cco 
 people. The air is clear and (harp, but the 
 cattle are fniafl, and provifions in general 
 
 the manor, if they are not claimed within a good and cheap. Wales is particul^irly re 
 
 year and a day. mavkable for goat.=, which naturally delight in 
 
 To WAIL, V. N. Igiial.ire, ItaK]to mourn hilly countries: and for iewcl, they ufewor.d, 
 
 or lament. Neuterly, to exprefs forrow au- coals, and turfs. They h^vc feveral creeks, 
 
 '*''"''y- _ . atid haVbours for fhips, but the mofi remjrk- 
 
 \V'A'ILI^'G,S.bmentatronjixidiblefon*w. able rsMillord-li.-.Vcn ; becaufc icco vc^els 
 I mjv
 
 WAN 
 
 WAR 
 
 ii»ar fafclt' ri^e in it at a time. It i« watered I woman that wants one of the other fex] hC- 
 with iiiany rivtrs, of which the princip:d are jcivi3us, lultiul ; gay ; loofe j luperfiuous or 
 the Dee, Wve, Ufk, Conway, Ciuyde, and I luxuriant. 
 
 To WA'N rON, V. N. to hchave in a laf- 
 civious, or j^ay mjimer. 
 
 WAl'E'NrAKK, S. {fmm vafun^ Si\. 
 and t,acan. Sax. ] a hundred (o called from a 
 meeting, wherein a hundred men, who were 
 under their cHrlJoi m.m, allembled, and 
 touched his or each other's ivcafons, in token 
 wt ti eir fidelity and allegiance. 
 
 WAR, S. \%ueirc, Belg. luarcr, Sax. ^iifrrf, 
 7t, ^uirra. Span.) the exeic'ifc of violence un- 
 der l".;vereign command aga'nlt fuch as with- 
 itand, or oppofc ; iheindrumeiits of war ; an 
 iirniy ; the pfofcffion of a folditr, a ft jtc of 
 oppofition. 
 
 To WAR, V. A. to oppofe an armed 
 enemy hy the conimand of a fovereign ; iifei 
 wiih on, or upon, agi'iift, or ivitb. 
 
 'io WA'RBLE, V. A. ["-^oZ.v; old Ttut. 
 ludfjeler, mod. Teut.] to quaver, or niodu- 
 Ijte ; to ting. 
 
 WARD, ufcd at the end of words in com- 
 f ohtion", implies tlic tendency or direftiou of 
 any motion, and is derived from w:'j;-<^, Sax. 
 
 or ivairib, Gotli. 
 
 To V/A^D, V. A [iver'wn, icearderiy^tiY.. 
 "warde. 111. ivarcr., \le\g. garder , Fr j to guard 
 or watch; to defend or protect, followed I.y 
 ficw. To turn afide any thing hurtfnl. — 'I he 
 hrlt 'info is fcldoni ufed — Neutcrly, to aft 
 with a weapon upon the defenf-ve. 
 
 WARI.>i S. the didridlor divifjon of a 
 ;ov.n; from •je/Jn/.r, low L.at. Confinement, 
 fliepartscfa lock wh'.ch hinder its being 
 unlocked by any I)ut the proper key j the 
 Oale of a perfon under a p^uardian. 
 
 \VA RDBN. S. \v.-aerdcn, Bclg.] a keeper; 
 a chict officer. Loi d IFardtn of the Cinque 
 Ports, is the governor of thcfc havens, having 
 the authority of an admiral, and ifTuing writs 
 in his own name. H'ardcn of thi Mint, an 
 otFicer who receives the bullion, pays for if, 
 and Ikis the fupcrintendance of the other 
 offi:cri. 
 
 WA'RDER, S. [ga'deur, Fr.] one who 
 keeps watch in the day-lime. JVaiders of the 
 Tczvcr of Loi-.don, officers who wait at tlie 
 g '.tes to take an account of perfons com- 
 ing i.ito ihe Tower, and to attend ftatcpti- 
 fjntrs. 
 
 V/A'RDMOTE, S. [iveardn:ot. Sax.] a 
 court held in every ward in the city of Lon- 
 don, tor choofing officers, and doing other 
 bu.^mefs of the ward. 
 
 WAR'DKOBE, ^.[garder'jb€,YT.] a rcom 
 whete clo.iihsare kept. 
 
 WARE, preter of We ar, more frequently 
 written Wore. 
 
 WARE, S.[ivarn, Sax ivaere, Belg. -wara, 
 Swcd.j fomcihing expoled to be fold. 
 
 W/'.'RFARE, S. S^iuare andfare/i, Sax.] a 
 
 Twv, The pri.icip..! towns mnft be fought 
 for under the names of tf.e counilts. 
 
 To WALK, V. N'. [■!£.'(».'(•>!, Teuf. tvea/- 
 can. Sax.] to move li-ikireiy, bypiacin^^ the 
 feet ahernitely before each ether ; to act on 
 anv occafion, or in any particular manner. 
 Neurcrly, lo pafs llnough on foot ; to leid 
 cut Aith A 11 >w pace. 
 
 WALK, S ilie nft of moving on foot ; 
 {•nit or m. inner of moving ; ttse diltancc to 
 which a perli'n goes on foot ; an avenue let 
 with trees ; a v\ay or road; the liowelt oi 
 leaf! raifcd pace of a horfc. 
 
 WALL, S. [ival, Br;t. w ' /, Sax. ivjIIc, 
 Belg. -viiiivm, Lat.ja pile of brick or fionere- 
 pniai I y cemeiircd witli mortar ; the (ides ot 
 a biiildiui; ; works huiit for defence \ To r../'e 
 tieivad, is to take the upper pLc.;. To g'l-vi 
 the ivai!, is to yield, or acknowledge ones lu- 
 jtiiority 
 
 To WALL. V. A. to inclofc or defend by 
 a wall. 
 
 W^.'LI ET, S. {ivallbr, Sax.] a bag in 
 which i traveller carries his necelfiries. 
 
 WA LL-E'YED, ■ dj. having white eyes. 
 
 To WA'LLOP, V. N. [w.tf;-«, Sax.J to 
 l.cih 
 
 To WA'LLOW, V. N. \ivallncan, Goth. 
 •wiihv'nin, Sax.] to ii ove in a heavy or 
 ciun-.fy manner; to roll in miie, or any 
 thing fiithy. 
 
 W.A'LNUT, S. [ivah.oi, Belg.] a large 
 nut wcl! knt.wn. 
 
 To W^'i^iRLE, V. N. [wf.-i.mrkn, Belg.] 
 lo roil with fickneis, or kj'.eamijhnefs, ap- 
 plied to the ftomach. 
 
 W.AN, Adj- [iVijn, Coih.'Zi.'iJwff./, nv.vann, 
 Sax ] pale; fiekly. 
 
 wAND, S. \i'annd, D;n.] a lon<Mod. 
 
 To WA'NDEK, V. /.. [-wamln.in, Sax. 
 •zrardi/eti, elg.] to move or go .-.liout without 
 a ly crrtuin courfeor icttiemeiit ; togoa(tra\. 
 Actively, to travel over v.iu'iout a^y certain 
 conr'e. 
 
 WA'NDERIM'j, S. uncerain feregrina- 
 tion i uncertainty. 
 
 To WANE, V. N. [See Wan ; iiar.hn 
 Sax.] todrcreafe or grow Jcls ; applied to the 
 moon. 7o decline.. 
 
 WANF, S. (See Wan] the dccreafe of 
 the moon ; decline. 
 
 W ANN' ESS, S. p^lenefs ; langn-.r. 
 
 To WANT, V. A. l^^uarne. Sax.] to be 
 witlKuitj or ftiiid in need of, ibmething fit or 
 rtCL-ilivy ; to kf dcfec'tive, vr fall fhort ; to 
 wi!h for or detire. Ntuteily, to be defective 
 in any particular ; to fail ; to be niified. 
 
 WANT, S. need or necefiiiy ; aeficiency ; 
 the if ate ot not having ; poverty. 
 
 WA'NTON, Adj. fM;nlhew and Junius 
 
 derive it Irom ivar:t and t/ie, i. t. a man or j (late of enmity; a ftatcof war and "ppofit on. 
 
 I WA'RILY,
 
 V/ A R 
 
 WA'RTLY. Adv. prudently; caiitioufly. 
 _ WA'RINF.SS, S. prudencej circumfpec- 
 tion ; raiuioi|irnefs. 
 
 WARK, v.frj at t'le end of words, fignifies 
 a building or work. 
 
 WA'dl-IKK, Adj. l-iLKv/Lc, Sax.] hclong- 
 ing to the militaiy art ; valiant ; (I'oiU. 
 
 WARi.OCK, or WARLUCK, S. [wtv- 
 Jog, Sax.] a witcli ; a wizzard. 
 
 WARM, Adj. [ivaniie, Gotli. iv^arm, 
 Sax. J heated in a (mall degree. Finuralive- 
 ly, zealoii?, violent, furious, padionatc, fan- 
 ciful. 
 
 To WARM, V. A. {■wai-mgan, Golh. 
 lUftirmian, tvfrman, Sax.] to heat gently ; 
 to make vehcmtnt, or afft(ft with any paf- 
 Hon. 
 
 WA'RMNESS, S. [iva'mc, Tent.] heat ; 
 violentnefs. 
 
 WARMTH, S, gentle heat. Figuratively, 
 zeal, or ardour. 
 
 To WARN, V. A. [ivarman, Sax. wfl.v- 
 nen, Beig ] to caution againtb any ill or dan- 
 ger ; to give notice of (ome future ill ; to ad 
 mouifh, or put in mind of fomething to Lt 
 performed, or forborn. 
 
 WARNING, S, notice given before-hand 
 of fomeevil or danger, or of the coiiicijucncc 
 of any aflion. 
 
 WARP, S. [nuenrb. Sax. wrr/i, Belg.] 
 the thread which crofics the woof in wcav 
 ing 
 
 To WARP, V. N. [lucorpan. Sax. tua- 
 pen, Belg. ] to change its form l)y weather o' 
 time. Aftively, to contra;ft or (Inivel ; to 
 turn afide from its true diroi^ion, or from 
 juftice. Among mariners, to haul a fliip to 
 a particular place, by a rope failcned to an 
 anchor, again ft the tide or wind. 
 
 ToWA'RRANT, V. N. [garraml; Fr.' 
 to fupport, maintain, or attelt ; to give au- 
 thority to ; to juftify ; to enfine. 
 
 WA/RRANl", S. a wr.t conferring fome 
 right or authority, or giving an officer of juf- 
 tice the power of draining or arrffling ; a 
 commiffion by which aperfon isjuflificd j a 
 right. 
 
 WA'RRANTABLE, Adj. that may be 
 juflified or maintained. 
 
 WA'RRANTilY, S. in Law, a covenant 
 entered into by the feller to make good the 
 bargain again fl all perfonsand demands. 
 
 WA'RREN, S. [^vaerande, Relg. garer:nc, 
 Fr.] a kind of park, or inclofure for rabbits, 
 ©r hares. 
 
 WA'RRIOR, S. a foldier. 
 WARsE, Adj. rSaK.J worfe. 
 V/ART, S. [ivcirr. Sax. lunt, Belg.] a 
 horny excrefcence growing on the hands or 
 ether parts. 
 
 WA'RWICK, S. the county town of V/ar- 
 wickfhire, (lands on the river Avon, ovei 
 vhich it h.as a flonc bridge of n. arches on an 
 .srKtat fo rocky, on all iides, thst the avenues 
 
 WAS 
 
 ito It are cut through the rock ; yet it Ins p Va- 
 liant meadows to the S. and lo.'ty grovis ui.d 
 fpacious parks to the N. It is pretended to 
 jhavebcen founded hy Kymbeline, orCimhe- 
 ' line, who fiourillied in the time of oiu-Saviotr, 
 .iiid indeed it feems to have been cniincKt in 
 rile Roman times. It was almo^ confumi-d 
 by fire in 1694; but was magnifiL-.-niy lebui't 
 iiy the voluntary contributions of the nation, 
 the (tone being dug from the rock on which 
 ir (lands. Four ways lead to it, anfwering the 
 four points, wliich terminate in four fhcets 
 meeiinpin the center of the town. It is fup- 
 plied with water by pipes from fprings about 
 half a mile difhint. Here is a calUs Ilrong 
 both by nature and art, being built upon a 
 rock forty fathoms from tlie river, and was 
 formerly ofgre.it confequence in time of war. 
 It is now the feat of lord Brook. The town 
 has a conliderable trade in malt ; and thougii 
 the place is populous, !» as but two parifljcs, 
 and yet it has a fine iiofpit;il, and three chcr^ty 
 I'chooi?. 'J he corporation is governed by jl 
 mayor, 12 brethren, and 24. burgellcs, and 
 fends z members to parii.imcnt. It gives title 
 of earl to the faniily of R ieh, as it did former- 
 ly to thatof Nevil. Ith.itli fivef.iirs, viz on the- 
 hrll Monday in Lent, May-day, Midfummer, 
 St. Bartiioiomew, and St. Simon and Jude« 
 Markets, Tuelday, Friday, and Saturday. Lat. 
 <;', dcg. 20 min. loi g. « dog. 3; min. and 
 diit.Tut from London SS mibs. 
 
 WA'RWICKSlXh;, S, a county in Eng- 
 land, bounded on the W. by Worccitcrlhire; 
 on the S. by Gloucefterlliire ; on the N. by 
 Dcrbylliire and StjlFordlliire ; and on the F. 
 by Northamptonftiire. Its dimcnfions are 
 various, fome making it 40 miles long, and 30 
 broad, and others 35 miles long, and 26 broad. 
 It contains about 6j^,oco acres, 5 hundreds, 
 158 Parifiies, 17 .market towns, about 22,000 
 houfes, and ^55,000 iniiabitants. Its air li 
 excellent, fjll rich, end its chief produce C(;ri;, 
 wool, wood, iron, and coal, and tlie it^h:- 
 bitants make good malt, and checfe. This 
 county, though fituated fo far from the fe.i, 
 may, for deligb.t, plenty, and cor.venience of 
 life, be equalled w'h any in tlie kingdcrr-, 
 being well watered with rmny rivers and 
 rivulets 5 the princip:>l of the former being 
 the Avon, and fame ; and the extenfive iron 
 manufacture.'; carried on at Birmingham, con- 
 tributing greatly lo'lts riches. This county 
 fends 8 metnbers to parliament, vi?, 2 for 
 tl;e county, an;l 2 c.ich for Coventry, Wsr- 
 ■>vickand Tamworth. 
 
 WA'RY, Adj. \iuier, ivarra, ivirre, ^"X. 
 ■T,:r, in, J caatiou-s, or t.^king care of doing :;ny 
 thing a.niifs. 
 
 WAS, the prefer of Bf. 
 To WASH, V. A- [wcifch^f!, Sa^.-f-ifci^n, 
 Dela.j to eleanfe by rubbing with warer, &c. 
 Ncuterly to perform the aft ox cleanflng with 
 water, &c. 
 
 5 O V/AS^^
 
 WAT 
 
 WASH, S. a marft) ; a liquor v.Cci to beau- 
 tify ; t!)-; liquor "iven to hcgs, Scz . The act 
 of clean fing'thc- hn:n of a nunily, by rubbing 
 them when uett;d. 
 
 WASP, S. [v.-e.:fp. Sax. vefpa, Lat. gucfpe, 
 Fr. I a Hinging infcdl, fometliing refembling 
 a bee, hut of a biipthcr \ellow on the body 
 
 W ,'sriSH, Adj. eafily provoked ; peevifh } 
 malignint. 
 
 WA'iSF.L, S. [tvtvf.fl, Sax.] a li.]uor made 
 oFroaflcd appici, fugar, and ale ; a driaking- 
 bcu^ 
 
 To vVASTK, V. N. ^aivcflan, Sax. waef- 
 ten, V>i\'y.gnafran, If.il. ■vafin, l.ut.] to coniumc 
 gradually or diitiiniOi ; to I'ljii.uidcr j to de- 
 (troy or dclbliie ; to fpenJ without profit or 
 advunta'^e. Keutcriy, to dwindle. 
 
 WAs\e, Adj. deitroycd or ruined ; defn- 
 late or uncul'iva'.ed ; of no ufe. tVcJlibcok, 
 in Comn:ciie. is (hit invvhich articles are en- 
 tered pn mi!cuoi!lly >.-■ tliey occur, without re- 
 gard to de!)Cor or creditor. 
 
 WASl'K, S. wanton or luxunou«, con- 
 fnniption ; lofs ; tiie ait of f-piiindeiing ; de- 
 folatr, lurcn'iuv.ited, it unoccupied ground. 
 
 WAS lEFUL, Adj. deftrudtive ; lavilli 5 
 prodigal ; defolate ; uiicultivatcd. 
 
 WATCH, S. [I'.'^CiC, Sax J forbearance 
 offlssp; attendance without Hecping ; atten- 
 tion i guard ; a perfon iet as a guard ; the 
 oiFice of a gu.ud in the nigl.t. A tr..ithinc, 
 Ihe-ving the lime, worn in the pocket. 
 
 To V/.ATCH, V, A. [w-.uum. Sax.] to 
 }cL-ep awake ; to keep giiaid ; 10 look wiili 
 expectation, atten ion, and ciutious ob^el^fa- 
 tion, with intent to leizc; to guard, or have 
 in cu!t»dy ; to obff rvc iVcrctiy, in order to 
 betray, 'f o tend, ripplied to cittie. .•\mong Ma- 
 riiieir, is tlie fpace of four hours during wiiicli 
 orie liaif of the crew keep on tlie deck, and 
 are ■.lirn relieved 1)7 the other. 
 
 WA'TCHiir, Adj. [wiTiV.f, Sax.] blue; 
 or pale bliTe. 
 
 WATCHFUL. Adj. vigilant ; attentive. 
 
 WATER, S, [icac:e>l ?,i:\g.] a Huid, vo- 
 latile and void of tii\our and tafte, confifting 
 of fn'.all, fiTiooih, hard, roroi!.<:, Ipherical par- 
 ticles of equal diameters, fiiding Cdfilyover 
 one another's furfaces, and wetting the thing 
 immersed into :r ; one of the- four elements ; 
 the fca, oppefcd to land ; urine; any Huid 
 made of, or rcfcmbling, water ; the luff re of 
 a diamond. "10 Lddz^utcr, is u!ed for being 
 fjund and tight. 
 
 To WA'TER, V. N\ to fupply with 
 water ; to diveiiify with waves, applied to ca- 
 lendering. TSieutcrly to (bed moifture. Tte 
 mouth loiirers, implies that a perfon longs, 
 or has a vehement defire for fomethiog. 
 
 WATER-COLOURS, S. i'ainters make 
 colours into a foft confiflence with water ; 
 thefc ihov'call lUcih-r co'.Aiis. 
 
 WA'TER."^', Adj, liquid j infipid j wet ; 
 coariUi"g of w-^t^r. 
 
 W E A 
 
 To W.VTTLE, V.A. [ivatclas. Sax.] tor 
 bind with or form by plaiting tv\igs. 
 
 WA'TTLE, S. [from the verbj a hurdle; 
 tiie barbs, or loofe red fledi that hangs be- 
 low a cock's bill ; from luagkekn, Bclg. to 
 ihake. 
 
 W.AVE, S. Itcecre, Sax. •tvaegh, Bclg. 
 •vaauc, Fr.J water riling in furgcs, or fwcllings 
 above the level of t!-,e fi'.rfacc ; uncaf.ntfs j ■ 
 line bending in and out alternately. 
 
 To WAVE, V. N. to play loofely ; to 
 float ; to move as a fign.^l j to rtutiuate. Ac- 
 tively, to rife in inc^udiiies; to move loofely 
 or to and fro ; to bvckua j to put alide, cr 
 decline fjr the preknt. 
 
 'ioVVA'VER, V.N. {ivaji^n. Sax.] to 
 pl-iy, or move loofely to and fro. Applied 
 to the mind, to be unfcttlcd, undetermined, ov 
 to ikiftuate between two opinions. 
 
 To V/AWL, V.N. [wa, Sax. grief. See 
 W'/\tl] to crv, howl, 01 make a loud cry £»• 
 prcflive of dillrcfs : ufcd in contempt. 
 
 WAX. S [TO<ijf. Sax. W(.«, D.«n. otfAr, Id. 
 •nw^j Belg.] the thick tenacious matter of 
 which beci form their cells ; any lena 
 matter. 
 
 To WAX, V. A. to fmear, rub, cover, 
 or join with wax. 
 
 'J"o WAX, V. N. {ti;ahfgan, Goth. 
 ivcxan, Sax.] to increafe in bulk, heigirt, or 
 aec. 
 
 W AY, S. [w^f , Sax. iue':ah, Belg ] a path 
 w^hich leads to any place; the Icnglh of a 
 journey ; courfe. Advancement notwithHunJ- 
 j ing obftaclfs, ufed wiih makf. Paflage, or 
 room to pafs ; retreat or fiibminion, after 
 t'i'-c. Tendency to any meaning; method 
 or cuAom pcculiiirto a perfon. By the ivr^', 
 iirphss witiiout necclTary connection with 
 what proceeds. "To go or cane one's ivay cr 
 ii-ny:, is to come or go without further 
 del.'.y. No •z-.nyox ivjys, is fometimes ufe>t 
 infread of tiiji. " No ways a match." 
 Swifr. 
 
 W n'FA'.IINC, Adj. travelling. 
 
 I'o WA'YLAY, V. A. lo watch in order 
 
 to fs iiC. 
 
 To WA'YMENT, V. A. [Sax.] to la> 
 mcut or grieve. 
 
 W'.aY'vVARD, ki). fTort, Sax. woe, and 
 tucvti, Six.] fioward or perverfe. 
 
 V/A\'Z-GO(>;>l'., S. |/". c. a ftubbic 
 goofc] an entertain riicnt given to journey- 
 uicn, by their n-.after;, at the beginning of the 
 winter. 
 
 VVF,, the plursl of 7, ufed when we men- 
 tion or fpeak of one or more perfons, in con- 
 juiiCli')'i vvith ourfclvcs j borrowed from -zscy 
 bax. ivcb, Goth. 
 
 WKAK, Adj. [-Tf/j-f.i, Sax. Ttwi-, Bel,^. 
 wn'.vr, III. I void of itreirgth or health, ap- 
 plied to perfons. Noti^J^ong, applied to Ir- 
 quors. Scarce su/fihle, or low, applied to 
 found. V/a;>tind fpirit, ot cautioi), applied
 
 W E A 
 
 to llie niinj. Not fupported by argum. nt, 
 or t'oitifitd by any works. 
 
 To \Vii'AKEN. V. A. to deprive of 
 flrcngth. 
 
 WEA'KNESS, S. infirmity; unlwalehful- 
 nefs. 
 
 WEA'KSIDE, S. fuible; dcficience. 
 
 WEAL. S. \iuca!a>i, Sax. iveehfl, Helg.] 
 happuicfs or prolperity ; a ftdtc, republic, or 
 policy. 
 
 WEAL, S. [tvaian, Sax. J the mark Ic.'^t 
 by a flripe. 
 
 WE.^LO,WALD, or WALT, in compo- 
 fititm, fignitya wood or grove, and are borrow- 
 ed from ivij/ti, Sax. 
 
 WEALTH, S. [protiounccd wc/f/& ; from 
 waicth, Sax. J riches, wiicihcr conliiUny in 
 money or goods. 
 
 To WEAN, V. A. fpronoiinced -ween ; 
 •wcncn. Sax.] to keep a cliild fromluckinj^thit 
 has been brought up by tlie br^alt ; to with- 
 draw Irom any habit or delire. 
 
 WEA'i'ON, S. [S.:x.] an inarument Ly 
 which anotlierniay beliurt. 
 
 w 
 
 iL t 
 
 wif.;rr, Six.] to form any flu/Tin a !onm with 
 a lhi:ttie ; to iiiiito or form, by iufcuin^ on 
 part into another. Ktr.teiiy, to work with a 
 ihuttic at a loom. 
 
 WEA'VF.R, S. \wci,er, Tcic] o;ie who 
 makes uoollcn, or linen cloth. 
 
 WEB, S. \wehba, Sax.] texture ; any thing 
 woven ; a tilliic or texture formed of threads 
 interwoven with each oihjr ; a kind of film, 
 that Ivndcrs the fight. 
 
 WE'liFOOTED, Adj. having films be- 
 tween the toes, applied to water Towl. 
 
 To WhD, V. A. ['wrdlav, Shx.] to take 
 or join in marriage ; to unite indiiloluby, or 
 for a longcoiuinuance. 
 
 WE'DJING, S. the marriage ceremony, j 
 a maniaiie. 
 
 WEDGE, S. [vej^ge, Dan. ivcr^c, Bclp;.] 
 one of the mcc';n;ical powers, cot-.TiIling of a 
 body with a tharp edge, continually growing 
 bic>>.'cr, and ufed in cleaving timber. A nufs 
 of metal. 
 
 To WEDGE, V. N. to fallen or force to- 
 gether with wcd.irs ; to (top. 
 
 WE'DLOCK,' S. [ived. Sax. and lac. Sax j 
 
 To WEAR, V. k. [pronounced "-Marc ; 
 iveran. Sax.] to walie or cjniiime with life or i matrimony. 
 
 lime. To confumc (ir fpend tcJioully, ufcd | WE'DNESDAY, S. [pronounced tuftif- 
 with away, and applied to tim-. To hcsx \J.ay -^ iu^i:dini'J.ig,Ss-!i.ti'.cr.[Jag, Diin.ivenjdag, 
 on the body ; to appear j to effect by degree?. | B^ly,. ivenji.'oy , Jll. from ijocien, or odln, an 
 
 Ufcd with cat, ta harrafs, fatigue, or de- 
 ft roy. 
 
 WEAR, WEIR, or WEiiR, \y:ar. Sax, 
 
 idol] the fourth day of the week. 
 WEE, Adj. iif.le, fmall. 
 WEED, S. yiv.cd, Sax.] a nox'ous or rank 
 
 vjar, Teut.j a dam to fhut up or raife the i herb growing fpontaneouny ; a oamient, oc 
 
 water. 
 
 WEARI'NESS, S. the <iU3lity of being 
 tired; fatiqued ; or incommoded. 
 
 WEA'RY, AJj. \^jvcng. Sax, "ueareti, Belg.] 
 tired j fatijjued. 
 
 To WEARY, V. -A. to tire ; to fatigue ; 
 to incommode. 
 
 WE'SAND, S. {ivefan, Sax,] the wind- 
 pipe. 
 
 WEA'TPIER, S. [pronounced «-f/Z'fr; ive- 
 r/^r. Sax. ) the flate of the air with refpett 
 cither to heat or cold, wet or dryoefs. 
 
 To WKA'THER, V. A. to pafs with "dif- 
 ficulty. Followed by poit-f, to gain a point 
 sgainll the wind. Toaccomplilh againlt op- 
 poiitioD. Ufed with cu:, to tnduie lb as to 
 I'urmount. 
 
 WE.A.'rHERBEATEN, Adj. harranedby, 
 or feafoned to, hard vveatiier. 
 
 WEA'THERCOCK, S. an artificial cock, 
 or plate fet on a fpire, which Ihews the point 
 from whence the wind blows. 
 
 WEA'THERGAGE, S. any thing that 
 
 haliit ; from 'wa.da. Sax. luaed, Bel 
 
 To WEKD, V. A. to clear from noxious 
 plants, f igurativcly, lo free from any thing 
 noxious, or from an ill habit. 
 
 WKE'DY, Adj. abounding with weeds. 
 
 WEEK, S. Iweoc, Sax. -Mike, Bclg,] the 
 fpacc of fcvcn days. 
 
 WEZK-DaY, S. any common day on 
 which work is done, oppofed to Sunday. 
 
 WEEL, S. [ivatel, Sax. J a whirlpool; a 
 fnare for filli, made of willow twi^s ; perhaps 
 from WiLiow. 
 
 To WEEN, V. N. [wemn, Sax.J to think, 
 imagine, or fancy. 
 
 To WEEP, V. N. [prefer, and part. pafi*. 
 nvef't or zoceped ; iveopen. Sax. -vapt'e, Dalm. J 
 to exprefs foirow by tears ; to (fied tears> 
 Aifli\ely to bewail or lament with tears ; to 
 (bed nn'ifcure ; or abcurid with wtt. 
 
 Vv'EE'PER, S. one who fiicds tears: a 
 white border. \vo:n on the fieeve of a man's 
 black co»t for firfl mourning. 
 
 To WEET, V.N. fpreier. tt-ot or -wote ^ 
 
 (hews the weather. At fea, a ihip is laid to it;rcn, i'ax. ivaan, Belg.] to know or fup« 
 
 have the nveathergage that is to the windward 
 of another. 
 
 Y/EA'THERWISE, Adj. [<wi:llerive\fe, 
 Teut.j fkilled in foretelling the change of the 
 weather. 
 
 To WEAVF, V. A, [prefer ivo^i, or 
 tirfived ; p«rt. paffive, •we'vin, or ivcai'sd; 
 
 pofe ; feldom i;fed. 
 
 WE'VIL, S. [wiw/, Teut ] a 1^ all black 
 worm that deftroys corn and meal. 
 
 W'LFT, S. [guia-ve, Fr. fofa, Ital.] any 
 thing Ihaggling without an ov.ner j the woof 
 of e'o;h ; from iveftc. Sax, 
 
 3 Oi 
 
 To
 
 W E R 
 
 To WEIGH, V. A. [ivea.jan. Sax. rvey- 
 I'tn, Belg.J to find the weight cf a thin;', 
 by <ca!cs ; to equal in wci^;ht. AppliL\l to sn 
 mic/'cr, to take up. To examine or bdianct 
 in tlie mind. Followeci hy dowi, to ovei-bj- 
 lancc, or exceed in weight or importance. To 
 over-bin\ien or dcprcfs, applied to difficultiis. 
 Ncuterly, to contain in weioht. To be look- 
 ed on as important, to determine the judg- 
 ment, followed by -n'ltb. 
 
 WEIGHT, S. [■:^;;7'^ Six. 7y.7r,7, Dalm. 
 Pol. Sclav.] quantity found by balbincingin 
 fcalcs ; a nials by which other bodies are ex- 
 aminclin fca'.cs ; a ponderous or heavy m.ifs; 
 the quality In which bodie.<; lend towards the 
 centre; prc'liire ; importance, or efricacy. 
 
 WErGHTY, Adj. heavy; important. 
 
 WE'LCOME, Adj. [wUcok:, Sax. -za!- 
 kom, Eelg.] received with ki.'dnefo, or care; 
 pleafingor conferring pleai'ure, by being prc- 
 fent. 
 
 WE'LCOME, S. the ceremony paid to a 
 vifitant at his firft appearance ; kind recep- 
 tion. 
 
 To WE'LCOME, V. A. to receive with 
 kindnefs. 
 
 To WELD, V. A. to beat one mafs into 
 another. 
 
 WE'LFARE, S. happinefs ; fuccefs. 
 
 WE'LKIN, S. [ivcken, Sax. cloudsj the 
 (ky. 
 
 WELL, S. [-z'.-tV/f, waf/, Sax.] afpring or 
 fountain ; a deep narrow pit of water ; the 
 cavity in which (lairs are phiced. 
 
 WELL, Adj. in good health; happy; 
 convenient; proper. 
 
 WELL, Adv. [Ttv//, Goxh.tveH, S^x.-wel, 
 Bdg.-vcl, ifi.] in liealth; in a iliilful, proper, 
 fulficicBt, or good manner, y/j luell as, ulcd 
 conjunilivcJy, implies, togciha- iiith. Wei! 
 r'r{;hy fignifics nearly or almoil. This word is 
 ulcd in compofition, to exprefs any thin»- 
 light, proper, laudable, Jiandfome or free 
 from dcfe<ft. 
 
 V/E'LLADAY, Interjea. alas ! 
 
 "WE'LLbRED, Adj. polite., 
 
 WEL'T", S. a bordir, guard, oredginor. 
 
 To WELTER, V. N. [ivealran. Sax. 
 ivelirn'r.. Belg.j to roll in water, niire, blood, 
 or any filth. 
 
 W£M, S. [?ax. j a fpot ; i biemilli. 
 
 WEM, .S. [Sax; J a fklliy or cillous excrcf- 
 cence growing on diticient p.ntscf the body. 
 
 WENCH, S. [■zLtjjic/c, Ssx.J a young wo- 
 man. At prefcnt generally applied to a pro- 
 (iitute. 
 
 WE'NCHE'R, ?, a fornicator. 
 
 To W'END, V. K, {■ii-a'i:;r. Sax.] to go 
 andpifs to and from. ObibiLts. 
 
 Vv£RE, the plural ef Was, the pvftcr 
 iliiperfeft of He; from wceren, plural oi ivat, 
 the imperfeifl- oibcon, Sax. Eikewile the imper- 
 i'e(n:ringtilnrar.d plural of the optative, poten- 
 tial, and fuhjunftive moods of the fame verb. 
 
 WERTH, WEOHTH, or WYRTH, in 
 
 \V H E 
 
 the nimcs of places, fignify farm, court or 
 vilhge, and are derived from ivccrtli^. Sax. 
 
 WEST, S. [Sax. and Belg. wjiur, 111.] 
 that poiat of the heavens wheie the fun fets, 
 when i» the equinox. 
 
 WE'sTERN, Adj. being in the wefl, or 
 towards tlie part where the fun fcts 
 
 Wh^STMlNSTER. city forms the Weft 
 part of the town which goes under the ge- 
 neral name of London, but is under a didinct 
 goYernmcnt. The dean .-".nd chapter of Well- 
 minller appoint the high-deward, high-baililf, 
 and other otTiccrs, who have the government 
 of this city ; whereas the lord-mayor and al- 
 deimen have l!ic government of that part of 
 the town properly called London. In We(l- 
 minftcr are the king's palace, and the honfes 
 of mofl of the nobility, and pcrfons of diftlnc- 
 tion in the kingdom ; and here arc held the 
 high court of parliament, and the fupreme 
 courts of juQice ; but there is no bilhop of 
 this city. It clefts two members of parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 WES rMO'RELAND,S. an EngliHi coun- 
 ty, 40 mi!e? in leniith, 21 in breadth, bounded 
 on the N. W .by Cvmbeiland.on the \V. and 
 S. W. by Lancaihirc, and on the E. by York- 
 fhire. it contains about 6500 houfcs, 390C0 
 inhabitants, 26 Parifhes, 8 market-towns, and 
 fends four members to parliament, two for 
 the county and two for Appleby. The air is 
 very (Iiarp and cold, but healthy to thofe whofe 
 conflitutions will bear it. It is a mountainons 
 county; but there arc fome valleys which 
 are fruitful in corn and pallutes ; belides, the 
 hills krve to feed great numbers of Ihtep. 
 The principal town is Appleby. 
 
 WET, Adj. [-ivieet, Sax. w.rJ, Dan. J 
 moift ; rainy. 
 
 Vv'ET, S. water ; moifiure ; rain. 
 
 To WET, V. A. to make moiil ; ta 
 plunge or foak in any liquor. 
 
 WE'THER, 8. [lu^rfrr, Sax. and Belg.j a 
 caftrated ram. 
 
 To WEX, V. A. to grow; to increafe. 
 
 WE'Z-iRD, S. the vCind-pipe. 
 
 "'VHALE, S. [i:-uck. Sax. a large fi(h 
 which -prcdaces fbei-Ki/! tv.;. 
 
 WH.ARF, S. [Tu^r/-", Swed loarf. Belg,] a 
 bank from which velicis are Liden or unladen. 
 
 WHA'RFAGE, S. money paid for landing 
 or (hipping i;oods at a whaif. 
 
 W H V ;< y ! N G KR, S the owner of a warf ; 
 one eniploved in Ihipping and landing goods. 
 
 WHAT, I'ron. l,-t:-se, Sax. 7:- J/, Iklg.j 
 that which, which part. LTed to introduce A 
 qutrdion, it nfi;s the nature ef a thing. 
 
 WHEAT, S. [kwae!. Sax. wy.vV, Belg.] 
 the grain of which bread is generally made. 
 
 WEIE'ArEAR, S. afmallbiid, eftccnicd 
 delicate food. 
 
 WHE'.ATEN, Adi. made of whe-tt. 
 
 To WHEEDLE. 'V. A. to entice by foft 
 words or dattcring seitures. 
 
 \ViJ££L» S. \Ju-tt/, Sax. md, Belg.] a 
 
 ciiciiliir
 
 W H I 
 
 circular body thai turns rounJ upon an axis ; 
 an inltriimcnton which criminalsarc tortured. 
 
 To WHtEL, V. A. to move on wheels, or 
 turn on a Cfutre ; to turn ; to fetch acompafs. 
 A(!iivcly to put in a circular couife. 
 
 WHEE'LBARROW, S. a carriage ciriven 
 forward by two handles, and having but a linglt 
 wheel. 
 
 WHEE'LWRIGHT, S. one who makes 
 wheels. 
 
 To WHEEZE, V. N. [/j-i'jcafan. Sax.] to 
 breathe witii a hifiing noife. 
 
 To WHELM, V. A. ^jiic/.Uf^n, Sax. wiU 
 W.-7, Ifl. ] to cover with fomething which can- 
 not be thrown ofT, generally applied to water ; 
 to throw upon Ibmctliing fo as to cover or 
 bury it ; to turn the open fiJc of a vellll 
 downards, 
 
 WHELP, S. [7w.>, Belg. kuo^par, Sclav. 
 liualb, Swed.] the young of a dog or bead of 
 prey. A fon or young man, incuntcmpt 
 
 W H I 
 
 pprfons Hkewlfe, as may he feen by the firfl 
 ientence of the Lord's Prayer in Englilb, 
 " Our Father ivh'ub art in Hta-voi."' but at 
 prcfent difui'ed in that fenfe. This word is 
 likcwifc uftd as a demondrative and inter- 
 rog-Mtive. It fometimcs has whcj'i in the ge- 
 nitive cafe. 
 
 WHlfF, S. [cl-wythy Brit,] a blaft, or 
 puff of wind. 
 
 To 'WIII'FFLE, V. N. to move ae if 
 dii^en to and fro by the wind; to play oil 
 the fife. 
 
 WHl'FFLER, S. one that blows ftrongly; 
 one that plays on the fi.e i a mere trifier j u 
 pitiful, mean, forry fellow ; ayoung fieemaa 
 who attends the companies of London on the 
 Lord-mayi r's day. 
 
 WHIG, S. ll-u-erg, Sax.] whey; a party 
 formerly oppofitc to i he court. Burnet fhews 
 the true original of this word to he owing to 
 the Jyi^f^iwrres, or carriers in Scotland, who 
 
 To NV'HELP, V. N. to bring forih young; vvere co"ntra(nedly called 'rvi^gs, receiving their 
 
 applied to beads of prey 
 
 WHEN, Adv. at that or which time; af- 
 ter the time. Ufed interrogatively, at what 
 time ? fVhei! as, fignifics at the time that. 
 
 WHENCE, Adv. [formed from M"uERr, 
 in the fame manner as bence from laej 
 from what place or pcifoif ; from which pre- 
 jnifes ; from what fource. Sometinusy)oOT 
 is ufed with it, hut very improperly. 
 
 WHERE, Adv. at which or what place; 
 at the place i:i which, ^ny ivhire fignifics at 
 any place. 
 
 vVH'lRE'AS, Adv. when; on the con- 
 trary ; notwithrtanding. 
 
 WHEREBY', Adv. by which. 
 
 WHEREO'F, Adv. of which. 
 
 WHEREUPO'N, Adv. on which. 
 
 To WAE-RRET, V. A. [corrupted from 
 ferret] to hurry, or teaz.e. 
 
 WHERRY, S. [from Ferry ; of farati. 
 Sax.] a light fmall bc„t ufed on rivers. 
 
 'lo WHET, V. A. [I'Wci.'.m, Sax iva- 
 tfn, Belg. weetcn, Texj'.] to lliarpen any in- 
 flrument by lubblng it on a hone, &c. To 
 give an edge, or malie angry. 
 
 WHET, S. the aft of giving an edge ; any 
 th:iig that promotes appetite or huni^cr. 
 
 WHl'THER, Adv. [kiL'aether, Sax.] ufed 
 
 names from tchiggam, a word they uied ui 
 driving their hories. , 
 
 WHl'GGISM, S. the tenets and praclices 
 of the whigs. 
 
 WHILt, S. [formerly wiltten ^uliie, from 
 ciL-iill, Goth.] time ; a fpace of time. 
 
 WHILES, or VVHILST, Adv. during the 
 time that ; .is long as. 
 
 WHl'LOiM, Adv. [hh-lkn, Sax.] fomc 
 time ago ; formerly. 
 
 WHIM, S. a freak, caprice, or odd fan- 
 cy. 
 
 To WHIMPER, V. A. [-ummeren^ 
 Teut.] to cry without making any loud 
 noiii. ■ 
 
 WHI'MSICAL, Adj. capricious; fanci- 
 ful ; fantadical. 
 
 VVHl'MSY'', S. an odd fancy or caprice. 
 
 To WHINE, V. N. ["jLciriar., Sax. ivcc 
 r.cn, L'elg. cwyr.o^ Brit.] to lament in a low 
 voice; to drawl out any found. 
 
 WHINE, S. a plaintive noife. 
 
 To WHl'NNY, V. N. to make a noife 
 like a horfe. 
 
 WHI'NYARD, S. a fword, in contempt. 
 
 To WHIP, V. A. \bwc(,i.in, Sas. w./- 
 tcr.y Belg.] to Arikc with any thing toug.H 
 like a thong, cord, or twig j to few /lightly ; 
 
 in a di.';iun<ftive proportion or queftion, to ft- 1 to iaih ; to take any thing fuddenly or ni:n- 
 
 one part of the Ientence in oppofition to the 
 
 otiicr, and to affirm or deny, even though 
 
 the oiher part do not hold good. 
 
 WHE'THER, Pron. which of the two 
 WHL'TSTONE, S. afloneonwhich any 
 
 thing is lliaipened by rubbing. 
 
 bly. Neuterly to move nimbly. 
 V/Hi'PHAND, S, tiie advantage over an- 
 
 oth.cr. 
 
 WHI'PSTER, S. a nimble fellow. 
 
 To VVHIilL, V. A. [k-,v!:rfinv. Sax. w.'/- 
 
 hthn, Belg. j to turn round rapidly. Neu- 
 
 WKEY, S. \}j-a£g, SaK. Tf.'j', Belg.] theiicilv, to run round fwiftly. 
 
 thin ferous part of milk, feparutedliom the 
 curd<;. 
 
 WHICH, Pron. [/^wf/.^, S:.x. iKtJh, Belg.] 
 a word ulcd in narratives to exprefs things 
 named b-jfci'e, in order to avoid the repetition 
 jsf the l'.in-.e ihin 
 
 formerly appli(.d '.o ineir it ;:Uo its center. 
 
 3O3 
 
 WHIRL, S. a quick and violent circular 
 motion. 
 
 WHI'RLPIT,orWIIIRLP0OL,.''.[/t,',/. 
 ii.'V, .'>ax.] a place in the w-iicr where it moves 
 circularly, a!)d draws every thini^ iliut comes 
 
 WHIRL.
 
 W H O 
 
 W I C 
 
 "^■TiI'R.LWINb, S. a fiormy wind mov-iin the geniti\'e of this word, as well as 06 
 
 inrr cnciilarly. 1 
 
 "WHIMv, S. [mfl^-hn, Tent.] n fmal! 
 liand befom ; a part of a woman's drcis cc- 
 vcrinc; the hofoni, 
 
 ■i o" WHISK, V, A. [ivlfchrN, Tevt.] v.; 
 clean v.ith a whifk ; to n-.ove nimbly. 
 
 WHI'bKt,R, S. tlie h.iir growing on the 
 wppcr I'p To lone as to be curled. 
 
 WHi'SKlNG, Adj. great j Avinging : 
 " A rvhifcin^ lie." 
 
 To WHI'SPtR, V. N. [".vUffcrfn, Be!g.] 
 to fpcak To low to a j'erfcn as not to be heard 
 by another. Actively, to fpeak to in a low 
 voice. 
 
 WH['SPER, S. ?- low foft voice. 
 WHIST, Adj. interje£f. and verb. ^Vhen 
 tifed as a verb, it implies, arefilent; when 
 \iied as^n -<idjc£live, (till, orliltnt: Mid when 
 as an interjection, be Aiil or attentive. 
 
 WHIST, S. a pr.me ot c;irds fo cajled from 
 its rcqi.'iring filence. and deep attention. 
 
 To' VVlfl'STLF,, V. N. f /i/^^-Fz^r;, Sax. 
 ffiui'c, Lar. 1 10 t'orni a kind ot miifical found 
 by contrt^(ftit?g the lips together, fo astolc^ve 
 a fniall round apcnurc bef.\ecn them ; to 
 niakc a fonnd with a final! w.ind infbiiment j 
 to found fiirill. 
 
 W'HI'SILE, S. .found m-.de by themo- 
 
 •which. It is generally ufed in alking a q>ief- 
 lion, is the fame in both numbers, and when 
 ufed in theoblicjue cales, is placed before a 
 Verb. " He is the rtian •wk:im I fuivy From 
 '•' 'whom th'xi tyrant holds the due of birth." 
 Shak. '' He was the man to ivbcm I o-nt-c ;.-." 
 In queflions, it is ftt before the prepoJition by 
 which it is governed : " h''iom did you jo 
 ii-ith !'" Mr. Locke iei'ms to hjve ufed nvho in 
 iheobiiqiiC cafe improperly for ivhoKi : " We 
 are much at a lofs ■zi;,£:o civil power belongs 
 to." Lr.cks. 
 
 W^HOE'VEIn., Pion. anyone, without li- 
 mitation or exception. 
 
 WHOLE, Adj. [wrt/^, Sax. heal,V,c\g.'\ 
 all J containing every one ; uninjured or un- 
 impaired ; cured of any wound or difcafe. 
 
 WHOLE, S. all the parts of which a thing 
 is compofed. 
 
 WHCLESALE, S. in large quantities. 
 
 WHOLESOME, Adj. [heelfam, Belj;. heyl- 
 fuin, Tcut. hal. Sax.] feund. Orthodox, or 
 a<;reeable t© fcriptnte, applied to do(ftrin!. 
 (.'on'ribuiing to, or preferving health ; kind. 
 " I canntt make yon a ivio/fome anfwer." 
 Sh^i. Thelalffcnfc isobfoletc. ■ 
 
 WHOLLY, Adv. intirely ; completely. 
 
 WHOM, the obliqi.e cafes of wAc, both in 
 
 dub;ion or the month. A fmall wind inPrn-j the fingular and plural numbers. Fronicwam- 
 mcnt. A call, ftfcli ivs fnortfmen ufc to their r:ii, Goth. Hct^u, Hull, k mo, 13oh. 
 
 \\ KIT, S. f^rih:, Sax. etvhk, Be\^.] a 
 point, or joint; the leaf! perccptiide quantity. 
 
 WHIT.P, Adj. /-«■;■/, bax lult, I3e!g ctuit, 
 C-c;h. j hrivrng fuch an nppcarsnce as i.s form- 
 ed fVcm a mixture of coloured ravs of light ; 
 ihov;. Y ; pa!( ; pure or nnfpottcd ; innocent. 
 
 To V^HiTE. or WHITEN, V. A. to 
 m;.ke white, or like fnow in colour. 
 
 WHITENESS, S. purity; cleanr.efs. 
 
 WHl'THER, Adv. [c-u^a G oih. i--u!y(.'cr 
 
 WKOOP, S. See Hoop. 
 
 VVHOR1-, S. [hure, hor, Sax. hoere, Belg. 
 kur-v.i, Eoh. Pel. Fltm. kurLa, Dalm. cun'ct, 
 Epir.j a woman «ho grants unchaflc favours 
 to men. 
 
 To WHORE, V. N. to converfeunchcfle- 
 !y with the other fex. 
 
 VVHO'REDOM, S. the a£t of converfing 
 unchaRtly with the other fex. 
 
 WH .SE, the genitive of WHOorWHi' h. 
 
 WHO'SO, or WHOSOE'VER, Pron. any, 
 
 Sax. h-uda, Rufl.] ufed inteirogatively, to, without refhi£lion. 
 
 what place? Ufed relatively', to which I WHY, Adv. [/^iff,/3yA.wz, Sax.] for what 
 
 place ? reafon .' ufed interlt>^ative!y For which rca- 
 
 VvHI'TIInG, S. a fnaall fea-fiOi. A foft fon, or v\hat reafon .' ufed relatively, 
 chalk. WT, in the compofirion of names, fignifies 
 
 WHl'TLOW, S. [from Itvh, Sax. andj holy, from 'veits, Goth, wi, ^ax, nvU^z, 
 //"Tf, ifl.] a fwelrng with a whi'.e he:.d, arifinf!. Fr. -zveiz, Pcrf. thus, ivliHrt fionifies one 
 cither lictween the tv.o Ikins, cr the^;;i<.y?tam! eminent for holinefs, from to/, holy, and 
 and tiie bone. I Zi^/VZy, Goth, illudrious or fplendid. 
 
 WHi' TsUNTIDE, S. [loli-e and Sur.day]] WIC, or WICH, in^he names of places, 
 fo called, l)ec:ufe the conveits newly bap- j fignifies cither a'viilage, cattle, or a b^y made 
 ti7ed appeared irom E^tler to V.'hitfuntidci by the winding banks of a river; from w/e, 
 Jn white. Sax. and in ,the fame fenfe are M^ei. icciks, 
 
 V.'Hl' TTLE, S. a knife; a white drefs fort Goth, ivies, Pol. ives. Port, and fioh. icJJ', 
 
 3 wo. nan. 
 
 To V« HIZ, V. N. \hom the foind] to 
 make a lound luiinming noi.'c. 
 
 WHO, Pron. \ctia, ciirc, Goth, ii-ha, 
 Sax t:;;;', Bclg.] <t woid ufed to iniply rcla- 
 t\>r!, fubflitiitcdin tlieroomof a propcrname, 
 ;ii:d al'.vavb ryplicd \o pcrfons. In the oblique 
 caies, J: i]^±.ziZi/Lii:'\ hut whoje is often ufed 
 
 Sclav, "jaffeh, Croat, fro.m which lalt word 
 f^i/feems to be properly derived. 
 
 Wl'CICED, Adj. \zvi:ca. Sax. an enchan- 
 ter; iccFran, Sax. to opprefs ; ivirtan. Sax. 
 to curie ; laccd, lucccd, ivicej. Sax. crook- 
 ed : which lift fccms to be no bad deriva- 
 tion, as- a w/V/f^ perfon is one who deviates 
 from the flraii/ht and direct path of mcral rec- 
 
 tjiudc.J
 
 W I L 
 
 t'tuJc] Living in hal)itnd contrariety of tlie 
 l.iws of God ; jiven to vice. 
 
 WI'CnK.R, Adj j'T'j"-f, Dan. a twig; TC/V- 
 gfr, Belg.] maJcof firulltwijs. 
 
 Wl'CREr, S. [rcickeci, Br\t. tvicker Be\g. 
 ^'ijiher, Fr.] a fmill gate. 
 
 WIDE, Adj. [Sax! -zvyjt, Be!g ] broad; 
 having a ^reat fpace included between the 
 fides. Figuratively, far from the point. 
 
 WJDE, Adv. at a dilb.nci; ; with great ex- 
 tent. 
 
 To Wl'DEN, V. A to incrcafe extent 
 from the fiJes j to extend. Ncuterly, to groA- 
 wide. 
 
 \VIDF/f?ESS, S. extcnllon in breadth 
 
 w I r. 
 
 To "WrLDEH, V. A. to lofe or puzzle ia 
 a patlilefs or iiitricate place. 
 
 ^^'I L'DERNESS, S. a defart or place iin, 
 ''nhai>itfd, or uncultivated. Milton ufcs'his 
 word for nvililrefs. " The paths anj bowVf. 
 " ourjoint hands — will keep from nci'dcn-.cji.,^* 
 Par. LoJ}. In .'"Cripture, it is applied to any 
 tiaA but thinly iniiabitcj. 
 
 Vf'LDFfRF,, S. a compoftion of inflam- 
 mable materi lis, cify to take fire, but hard to 
 be Piftinpnifhcd. 
 
 Wl'LDGOOSE-CHASE, S. a frulc'efs 
 purfuit. 
 
 VVl'LOVESS, S. the ftate of a defart and 
 uncuhivnted place; ficrccncfsor ditconipofure, 
 
 WI'DQW, .S. [".vLi^va, Sax. iL-'iduuc, Bci^-] | applied lo the looks of a'perfon. Levity of 
 
 a woman whole hufband \s de d 
 
 To WIDOW, V. A. to deprive of a huf- 
 band ; to rob or flrip of any thing dear or 
 good. 
 
 WI'DOWER, S. one who has loft his 
 wife.' 
 
 WI'DOWHOOD, S. [from ivl.ktu, and 
 had, or Lccd, Sax.] fhe (Tate of a widoa-. 
 
 WIOrH, S. breadth; or extenfion from 
 one fide to the other. 
 
 To WIELD, V. A. fprononnced loccld, 
 tislJan, Goth. tV'a'dnn, Sax.] to manage, or 
 ufe without oblh'tuf^ion, as being not too 
 lieavy. 
 
 Wl'ERY, Adj. [See Wiav] mr.de of 
 wire ; drawn into wire ; wet or moifl ; fr'im 
 
 behaviour. 
 
 ^^'ILE, S. [Sax. ivk!, la.] a deceit, ftra- 
 tagem, or fly trick. 
 
 WJ'LFL'L, Adj. [from ti'lU and. full] 
 flubborn ; not he-irker.ing to reafon or perfua- 
 lion ; done or fiifTered by dcfign. 
 
 Wi'LFULNESS, S. Rubboinnefs. 
 
 WILL, S. [nuilla, Sax. icile, Belg. nvyllis 
 Hrit. tvil^a, ival^a, Goth, luic e, Boh. -zWt', 
 Pol. ght.'i/i, or Tv'ili, Spin.] that aflive power 
 which the ir;ind has to order the confideration 
 of any idea, or forbearing to confider it, de- 
 termining it to do or forbear any afdon, 
 or prefer one before another j command; de- 
 termination; an inflrument by which a per- 
 fon difpofes of his property after death. Com- 
 
 ■':v.xr, Sax. a pool. " A filver d-op hath fallen pounded with gcod, it fignifies favour, kind 
 
 •• — Ev'n to tiiat drop — ten thouf-inJ loicry 
 " friends— -do glow themfclves in Lciable 
 "g.-ief." iila'tc. 
 
 WIFE, S, [plural, w.--i« ; WiV", Sax. w;jf, 
 Belg.] a woman that has a hulbjnd ; a mar- 
 ried woman. 
 
 \\''IG, ufed in the end of na.ties, fignifies 
 war, or hero ; from luigj. Sax. 
 
 WIG, S. [coutracled from Perkiwig, or 
 Peruke] a covering made of hair for the 
 head ; a kind of cake, called likewife a bun. 
 
 WIGHT, S. [w.^/.f, Sax.Jaman, or per- 
 fon. Obfolete. 
 
 n£.''s, or right intention; but compounded with 
 ;■//, malice. 
 
 WILL TO/ri> a ivLOj), or JACK ivJth a 
 la!:tloin, a fi^rymeteor, or exhalation of a round 
 figure, in bjgncfs like the flame of a candle ; 
 /^.imetimes bioader, and like a bundle of twigs 
 fct on fire. They wander about in the air not 
 far from the furtace of the earth, and com- 
 monly frequent church yards, marfiiy and fen- 
 ny places. 1 hey generally appear in fummer, 
 and at tne beginning of autumn. 
 
 To WILL, V. A. [luilgan, Goth. wUlaT:, 
 Sax. ivih?:, Belg. J to bend our fouls to the 
 
 WIGHT, Ifle of, part of the county of ' having or doing wfiat appears to be good ; to 
 Southampton, and feparated from it by a nar- 'command in a pofitive manner. It is corn- 
 row channel, is about co miles long, and 12 monly ufed a.s an auxiliary verb to exprefs the 
 broad. It corfiils of good arable and paflur'e (future t^nfc, and is dilh'nguilhed from PiuU, 
 grounds, hilJs and valleys, woods and cham- I which gener.'.Uy implies a command in th 
 
 pam, and is equal to any part of England, of 
 the fame dimenfions, cither in the fruitfu'lnefs 
 of the foil, or plcifantnefs of fituation. The" 
 chitf town is Newport. 
 
 WIGHT, in the compofition of names, is 
 horrowedfrom the Saxons, andfignifies Itrong 
 nimble, or lufly 
 
 fecond or third perfons, but wf//only foreteiS 
 or hints that fjme thing is about to happen 
 which depends on a perfbn's free choice. 
 Again,/)^//, in the firtlperfon, fimply expief- 
 fes a futi;re adion or event, but iti// promifes 
 jr thre.iiCr.s. 
 
 Wl'LLL", and VI'LLI, in the compofition 
 
 WILD, Adj. (Sax. «,■«.'(/, Belg.] not made of names, fignifies, many, and is borrowed 
 fame; furious or fierce. Propagated by na- from the Saxor.s. Thus, JV,ll:lj]:us/H''i'liJ>ra 
 ture, oppofed t(*cuUivated. Defart, oppofed from loiui, many, and -whelm, a helmet, or de- 
 %o inh.^bited. Without art or elegance; mere- 1 fence for the head, fignifies a protector, or dc- 
 Jy i.-naginary. jfenJer of many. 
 
 WILD, S. a defart, or tra<l not cultivated WI'LLING, Adj. inclined, or not averfe 
 CK inhabited. Ito do a thing ; readv or conddceirding. 
 
 ' O o o 4 W'lL.
 
 W 1 N 
 
 WI'LLO' ■Z,'^. atiee worn i)yfor'orn lovers. 
 U'fLTSHlRE, S. an Englilh county, 
 Iwuiidcd by Gloi:ce(lcrfli:rc on the N. by Berk- 
 ihire ^r)<i Hamplhirc on the E. by Dorfctlhiie 
 on ilic S and by ibmcrfetlhiie on the W. is 
 about jg miles long, and 30 broad, and about 
 140 in circumference, and contains 29 liun- 
 dreJ^, 23 maikct towns, 304. parilhes, about 
 s.8;00o honfes, and 876,000 inhabitants, ami 
 Tends ^4 members to parliament, -viz. two 
 for th.z county, and two eacli for S.ilifbury, 
 V/i'.ton, Downton, Hinton, Hejttfbury, \V ei- 
 bury, Ciilne, Devizes, Chippenham, Malmf- 
 bury, Crick'adt;, Great Bedwin, Ludgerfhall, 
 Old Sarum, Wooton-Baflet, and IVIarl- 
 borough.. Tlie air is healthy ; and tliis coun- 
 ty i'; remarkable for its fine downs, and the 
 vaft number of fheep fed on them, the wool 
 wl.creof is manufa^ured by the natives, 
 whicli makes it one of the greatefi: cloathing 
 counties in England. The capital city, Salif- 
 bury, is fituated on an extenfive plain, 20 
 miles over. 
 
 WILY, Adj. full of llrataoem j fly; cun- 
 nint;. 
 
 Wi'MBLK, S. \':vlmpel, from tuhmnelni, 
 'rd;!; ] an inlhumcnu with which holes are 
 bor;-d.<« 
 
 Wl'MBLE, S lg!<;v:!!c, Fr.] a hood or 
 veil, " The iciaji/cs, orcrifping pins." If. ii. 
 22. Obfolcte. 
 
 V.'IM, lifed in tlic compound names of 
 men, f;gni.'ies war or flrength 5 from ivi", 
 Sax. Sometimes it implies popularity, from 
 nciru. Sax. dear, or beloved. And in the names 
 <)( places, denotes a battle fought there. 
 
 To WIN, V. N. Tpreter and pad. ivor: ; 
 '!i-'.<:t!a, Sax ivini/vi, i^>tlg.J to conquer, or gain 
 i>y conquert ; to gain the vidory in a conicfl 
 «^r game ; to obtain or overpower by fuperior 
 Claims, cr perAnfious. Ncuterly, to gain the 
 "icflory or advantage. IJfed with ;.'^c;j, co in- 
 fluence, g;iin ground, or overpower. 
 
 ToWINCF, V. N. [g7ci!!go, Brit.] to 
 J-.ick'.v'th pain. To kick in order to throw 
 off a r.der, applied to beafls of carriage. 
 
 V/KVCi-I, S. [^t;!/?c/:cr, Fr.] an inflrument 
 j>c'd in the hand, by which a wheel is turned 
 round. 
 
 To ";i\TCH, V. A. SeeV/iKCE. 
 "Wa'N'CilESTER, S. Ion. j. 24. lat. 51. 
 6. the capiral city of Hampfhiie, fituited 
 on the river Itciiin, 66 miles S \V. of London. 
 I- r; the fee of a bifiiop, and elects two mcm- 
 J-.trs of pailiamcnt. Iherc is a fii.e college 
 and fchool Iiere, endowed with a large revenue, 
 founded by the venerable William or VVick- 
 li.im, uho alfo founded New-Coliege in Ox- 
 fiird, wh'ther the fcholors of this ichool arc 
 fcM, when tiiey arc qualified for the univeill- 
 ty, and aie entitled to fellov.fiiips theie. It 
 li IS four foir>, -viz. firfl Monday in Lent ; jih 
 pnd 2;d of July; and (><nol)tr 13. Markct- 
 ^„y=, Vv''ednerd=(y and Saturday. 
 
 'WIND, S. [w;V, Sax. a.;d Ilelg. ^a^;.;. 
 
 W I N 
 
 Brit. wWj, Goth, vindur, 111. ofwaian, Goth 
 to blow] a fenfible motion of the air ; the di- 
 re(flion cf the air to any point ; breath ; any 
 thing infignificant, particularly applied to 
 threats. " Wind of ff?>v threats." Par. LcJ}, 
 To take or ha've the luir.d cf, fignifies to have 
 the afcefldanry or advantage of. To take iv'wd, 
 applied to fecicts, implies their being difclofcd 
 or made public. 
 
 To WINL\ V. A. [the ;■ is pronounced 
 long, pretcr. and part. pnlT iv'^uitd ; iviii' 
 dun, Sax. zu'wdcn, Beig.] to blow or found by 
 the Ijreatii ; to turn round. After turn, to 
 regulate in its courfc. To manage by fliifts ; 
 to follow by the fcent ; to change or alter ; to 
 enfold, entwill, or encircle. Ufed with out, 
 to extricate from any ditficulty. To iv'tnd ut>\ 
 to bring to a fmall comp iTs; to raife by means 
 of a winch or key ; to raife by degrees ; to put 
 in order by a certain end or regular aftion, 
 Ncuterty, to alter or change; to turn, or twifl 
 round ; to move round ; to move in crooked 
 lines ; from -vlrdur 111. crooked. To be ex- 
 tricated from any difficulty or perplexity, fol- 
 lov/ed by otit of. 
 
 Wl'NDBOUND, Adj. hindered from faiU 
 ing by contrary winds. 
 
 Wl'NDFR, S. an inflrument or perion hy 
 which any thing is turned round. In Botany^ 
 a plant tiiat twiils itfelf round others. 
 
 Wl'NDFALL, S. fruit blown down from 
 atiee. 
 
 WI'NDTNG, S. [a-indur, Ifl.] any crook. 
 ed or bending patli. 
 
 Wl'NDINGSHECT, S. a Ihcet in which 
 the dead are ^Tapped. 
 
 Wi'NDLAS.';, S. a handle by which a rope 
 or lace is wound round a cylinder j a handle 
 by wliich a wheel is turned, 
 WINDLE, S. a fpindle. 
 WI'NDOW,^ S. [wirdue, Dan.] an aper- 
 ture in a building, by which light and air are 
 let into n room. 
 
 To Wl'NUOW, V. A. to furnilh with 
 windows ; to phce at a window. " Would' ft 
 " thou be iuh:dciv\i in great Rome." Shak. 
 To break into openings. " Your loop'd and 
 " 7f;;.-<^;wV raggednefs." Sl.ak. 
 
 WrNDI'IPE, S. the aperture through 
 which we breathe. 
 
 WT'NDWARD, Adj. towards the wind. 
 \\T'NDY, Adj. conlifling of wind; next 
 the wind ; empty, or having no folidity ; tem- 
 pefluous. 
 
 WINE, S. [w.vv, Sax. -vlnn, Belg. I'/ww, 
 Lat.] a liquor made of the juice of the grape 
 fermented ; liquor made of fermentation of 
 vegetables. 
 
 WING, S. [.p-f-^-zivVo-, Szyi.iiir.ge, Dan.] 
 that part of a biid by which it flies; flight ; 
 the fan of a winnow. In Botany, the angle 
 formed between the Rem and leaves of a plant. 
 In War, the two extreme bodies on the (ides 
 of an army. Any fide piece; the two fides 
 of a building, 
 
 T«
 
 W I T 
 
 To WING, V. A, tofuniKh with uir.gs; 
 to enable to fiy ; t» fupply an army with iiJe 
 bodies. Neuteily, to pafs by flii^ht. 
 
 To WINK, V, N. [7vincian, Sax. ivlndm, 
 Bclg.J lo lliut the eyes. Figuratively, to pal's 
 by a fault without tal<ing notice of it. 
 
 WINK, S. the act of ciofing the eye. 
 
 WI'NNING, Part, attraaivc ;ovcrfowc^- 
 in<>by charms. 
 
 Wi'NNING, S. a fum won at any game. 
 
 To WI'NNOW, V. A. [lulndriar.. Sax. 
 r'linno, Lat.] to feparate by means of winJ; 
 to frparatc gi;.in from the chaff; to fan, or 
 
 W I T 
 
 and thereby making pleafant piflurcj and vT« 
 lions agrecible to the mind ; fentiments pro- 
 duced by quicknefs of fancy, and railing plea- 
 furc in the mind ; genius ; fenfe. In the 
 plural, a ftate wherein the underftanding is 
 ibund. 
 
 WITCH, S. [ivicce. Sax.] a woman fup- 
 pofcd to praftife unlawful arts, by which the 
 imagination of others are dillurbed. 
 
 Wl'TCHCRAFT, S. the pradice of 
 witches. 
 
 WirPI, Prep. [wW, Sax. «»VA, Goth. 
 /-cr9, Gr.] by, applied to note the caufe.inftru- 
 beat with the wings. " IVimcivs the inixoni , nient, or means by which any thing is done, 
 "air." Par. Loft. Figuratively, to lift, ex- 
 amine, or feparate. 
 
 WFNTER, S. [Sax. Dan. Teut. and Bclg.J 
 the cold fcafon of the year. 
 
 To Wl'NTER, V. N. to pafs the win- 
 ter. 
 
 To WIPE, V. A. [iviparr. Sax.] to rub 
 foftly, or cleanfe by rubbing feftly ; to ftrike 
 off gently. Ufed with out, to efface. 
 
 WIPE, S. the adt of cleanfing; a blow or 
 ftrokc. 
 
 WIRE, S. [■v'tnr, Fr.] metal drawn into 
 (lender threads. 
 
 To WI'REDRAW, V. A. to fpin into 
 jonnecsllary length. 
 
 To WIS, V. A. fpret. and part. pafF. wljl, 
 from nvyfcn, Belg.] to know. 
 
 WI'iOOM, S. [luifJom, Sax. ivifdcm, Dan.] 
 lhea<n: of fheunderftanding, by which itfinds 
 out the bed ends, and the bed means of at- 
 taining them. 
 
 WISE, Adj. Fw/j, w.^t?, Sax. 7t'»'j, Dan. 
 and Belg. ) (kilful in finding out the btft ends, 
 and tile bed means of attaining them ; grave, 
 or betokening wifdom, " Eminent in tvij'c: 
 ♦' deport." Mi/t, 
 
 WISE.S. [Sax. tvyfe, Belg.] manner; way 
 of being or aifting. 1 his word in the moifern 
 dialed is often corrupted into Way.<:. 
 
 WI'SEaCRE, S. l-zvifcbe^ger, Belg] a 
 perfon of dull apprehenfion, or pretending to 
 wifjom witliout reafon. 
 
 To WISH, V. N. [-zvifaan, Sax.] to have 
 a (Irong ani longing defire for the exiftence or 
 pofleflion of any thing . Ufed with wc-//, to 
 favour. Adliveiy, to defire or long for any 
 future, or abfent good. 
 
 »VISH, S. a longing defire. 
 WISHFUL, Adj. longing, expreflive of 
 longinj^. 
 
 WISP, S. [Swed. and old Bdg.j a fmall 
 bundle of hay or draw. 
 
 WrSTFUL, Adj. attentive; full of 
 thought J grave. " I cad many a ivijlful, me- 
 iancholy look." Gu.'.'i-ver. 
 
 To WIT, V. N. [".i-aaij, Sax.] to know, 
 WIT, S. [gewdt. Sax. from ivUan. Sax.] a 
 faculty or operation of the mind, conHfting in 
 afiimbling thofe ideas with quicknefs and va- 
 riety that iiave any reftmblance or con^ruity. 
 
 Sometimes it denotes union, conjunction, 
 fociety. *• There is no living iilth thee.'* 
 Ti.tlcr. Sometimes it fignifies mixture. " Put 
 " a little vinegar TOi.'A oil." Sometimes it im- 
 plies oppofition, or againft. " The Marquis 
 " of Granby fought ivith the French.'" 
 Amongd. " Intered is her n-me wi/A men 
 " below." Dryd. Together, or infeparably. 
 " Wrh Iier tlicy flourilhed, and luith her they 
 "die." Pope. Followed by //a/ orruu, im- 
 mediately after. " Wnh thnt, the God his 
 " darling phamtom call?." Garth. 
 
 WITHA'L, Adv along with the reft; 
 likewife j at the fame time. Sometimes ufed 
 inftead of iv'ub. " " hat Cot/ loves, and de- 
 lights in, and is pleafed^y/VZ),?/." TUkt. 
 
 To WITHDRA'W, V. A. [fromw<VZ>or 
 iv'ither. Sax. and draiv] to take back or de- 
 prive of; to call away, or make to retire. 
 Neurerly, to retire or retreat. 
 
 WI'THE, S. a willow twig; a band, or 
 band of twigs ; from fjitbc. Sax. 
 
 ToWl'THER, V. N to fade or grow 
 faplefs. Figuratively, to wade or pine away. 
 Actively, to make to fade, flirink, or decay, 
 for want of moidure. 
 
 To WITH- HOLD, V. A. \ from -zvhB 
 and held] to refrain, hold back, or keep from 
 adlion ; to keep back, or refufe. 
 
 WITHI'N, Prep, {-.titkbinan, Sax.] in the 
 inner part of. Within the compafs, or iioC 
 beyond, applied to place and time. 
 
 WITHI'N, Adj. in the inner parts ; ia 
 the foul or mind. 
 
 WiTHOU'T, Prep, [luithutan. Sax.] not 
 within ; in a date of abfcnce, or privation j 
 void of ; unlefs or except ; befides, or not in- 
 cluding ; on theoutfide. 
 
 WI 1 HOU'T, Adv. on theoutfide j out of 
 doors ; externally. 
 
 WITMOU'T, Conjunft. unlefs 5 if not ; 
 except. 
 
 To WITHSTAND, V. A. [preter, ivUh- 
 jlood J iv'iih^tandian. Sax.] to oppofe, refift, 
 or conted with. 
 
 "WI'TLING, S. [a diminutive of Wit] a 
 perfon who pretends to wit without grounds. 
 
 WI'TNESS, S. [nuitncffe. Sax.] a tedimo- 
 ny ; a perfon who gives his evidence or tedi- 
 mony for or againft 3 thing. With a tvitnefs 
 
 implies
 
 WON 
 
 implif! effefiually, or to a high anJ extrava- 
 gznt decree. 
 
 To V/ITNESS, V. A. toatteft; to Aib- 
 fcribc one's name to a writing, in order to 
 
 W O R 
 
 rt'lr, Ten?.] any thing which ciufcs fivprrze 
 hy ifs fhrangcncls ; furpiife cfufcd byfomc- 
 thinjj unurual, cr unexpected. 
 
 WO'NDERFL'L, Adj. admiiabk; anoniih- 
 
 atieft its being authentic. Neuterly, to attcft j ifi 
 
 the truth of r. thing. | WO'NfDROUS, Adj. £o flrange as to caufe 
 
 WI'TNESS, Jnteijcft.an exc'amation ofed ( aflcrnl'hment. 
 at the beginnini^ of a Antence, to imjily that To WONTi or ro i>e AVONT, V. N. 
 a particular perlon or thing are evidences of Iwiirian, Sax gczi-oc!:c;7, Belg. ] to be accuf- 
 
 the tnitb of any alTertion. 
 
 WI'TTICISM, S. a mean attempt at 
 •wit. 
 
 Wl'TTINGLY, Adv.'f from mitfun, Sax.] 
 fcno\ving}y, by belign, or with dclil)cration 
 
 tomed or wfed ; to ufe. 
 
 WON'T, pronounced with thco long, like 
 that in rofc, a contracflion of ivi/i nor. 
 
 WCVNTED. Adj. ufual. 
 
 To WOO, V. A. [ati-a^c/l. Sax.] foconri ; 
 
 Wi'TTOL, S. [Sax.] a perfoi! who or to endeavour to giin ihcafTeifliotis of a pcr- 
 tnows his wife to be unchaiie, but connives j fon as a lover; to unite witir earnertncA ami 
 
 Wl'TTY, Adj. judfcious; ingenious ; full 
 of wit. 
 
 To WIVE, V. A. to mavry. 
 
 \VIVES, the plural of Wife. 
 
 WrZ.lRD, .S. [from ■nfji'e, or wi/ar, 
 ■pelg,] formerly udd for a perion of cxttnlivc 
 li^owiedge ; at piet'ent iiicd only in a bad 
 ienfe, and applii-d to a conjurer. 
 
 WOAD, S. l-iccz", Sax.J a plant cultivated^ 
 jn England for tlic_ufe ofdf crs, wlio u!"e it lor 
 lay ng the foundation o'' m.iiiy colours. 
 
 WOE, or WO, S. ['zra, .Sax. J tlie caufe of 
 f irrowjor miferyj a .'late of miftry, often ufcd 
 ill thi caiCKings, as ic-e if, ivoe ;'?. 
 
 WO'E UL, Adj. full ot ioirow ; caufing 
 c> C-'fTivc gtie,^. 
 
 WOLD, i.o the comprmnd names of place.';, 
 ligtiifjes 3 plnjn open cojinny ; from wild. Sax. 
 a pbtn having no wood^. 
 
 WOLF, S. fproT,ounced iv.olf, from 
 tvil-ff, Dan. iiolf,\ a bealf of piey much re- 
 sembling a dog. In Medicine, art eating or 
 c;^rrr-ding ulcer. Figuratively, a man of a ra- 
 ve.ious difptUnien. 
 
 WO'LFi.MI, Adj. ravenous; cruel; r^- 
 femhling a wolf in qualities. 
 
 WO'LF.sr.ANE, S. a poifono'.is plant. 
 
 WO'MAN, S. [in the plural ivomeii, 
 
 pronounced tv'ivcn ; from iciwma>t, or w//- 
 
 rr::i, Sax. 1 the leir.ale of the i-.umnn race; a 
 
 te:iialc attending more j-aiticula-ly on a 'a.iy. 
 
 To WOMANISE, V. A. tulbften or ef- 
 
 WO'MANTSH, Adj. ctTcmlnate. 
 
 WOMMAN'KI'ND," S. tlie female fex. 
 
 WOMB, S. [iv'juiuii, Goth, ivamb, Sax. 
 tv^ir.b, Itl. I the place of conceptjun ; the 
 fl.ica whence any thin<j; is produced. 
 
 To WON', .V. N.^fwi-r:;..--, Sax. iconcn. 
 Ten!.] to dwell or rtfide. " He nvom—ln 
 "foie;f wild." Par.Lofl. Obfolete. 
 
 To WO'NOER, V. N. [pronounced «-.•/;.- 
 Jer ; from nvuriyian., Sax. tvanclcre)!, Belg. 
 luurdircn, Tent. J to he afTc(fi:ed or afconinicd 
 at t!ie prefence of fomething very flrange or 
 f.irprifmg. 
 
 kindnefs ; to importune or long. " invoo to 
 hear thy even fong." ATilt. 
 
 WOOD, S. [wild. Sax. ww</, Pclg.] a 
 hrje p.nd thick plantrtion of trees ; the foliJ 
 fubftancc whereof the branches or trunk of a 
 tree conHft, when Ihippcd of the bark ; 
 timber. ' 
 
 WOO'DEN, Adj. [ from tvzcd, and n, 
 a Saxon termination] made of wood. FigU- 
 rativtlv clumfey or auk'Aard. 
 
 WOO'DLAND, .S. ground covered with 
 trees. 
 
 WOO'OXOTE, S. wild or native mufic. 
 " V\arlded his wc5>^»5/ri wild," Milt. 
 
 WOO'L -OFFERING, S. wood burnt on 
 an altar. 
 
 WOO'DY, Adj. abounding In wood or 
 ticc^; confitt.ng of timber. 
 WOO'KR, S. a fAteihcart. 
 WOOF, S. \tmfta. SiY. ivef, Dan. ivevel, 
 Belg. -ztv/.v.', Teut. but Jobnfon derives it 
 from ■Tfo'irl tiic crofs thread" Ibot by a wea- 
 ver witii a lliutilc, between and aerofsthofe of 
 th.e work. 
 
 V.OOL, S. [riv///r Sax. iv.'l, Ifl- 'ov>v«. 
 Or.] the covering of fhecp. Figuratively, any 
 duwny, fliort, thick hair. " //W of bat, and 
 " tongue of dojj." Shak. 
 
 WOO'LLEN, Adj. confifling of wool j 
 made of wool. 
 
 Yv'OO'LI.FN, S. cloth .mrJc of wool. 
 WO'RCESTKR, S Ion. a. 15 W. L^t. 52. 
 15. th.e cap'ta! city of W'orcelleiihirc, fiiuated 
 on the river Severn, 119 m. N. W. of Lon- 
 dr't;, elt€ts two members of pailianicnt, has 
 a bifhop's fee, and gives title of Marquis 
 to the family of Somerfet, duke> of Beau- 
 foit. It contains nine parifh churches, thiee 
 grammar fchoois, fcvcn hofpital.s, a watcr- 
 hou.'e, and a well contrived quay. It is go- 
 verned bv a mayor, aldermen, and other of- 
 ficers, and has four fairs ; on Saturday before 
 Palui-Sund;!y ; on Saturday in Eallcr-wcek ; 
 on Auguft 15, and Septcmier 19. Msrket- 
 days arcou Wednefdays, Fridays, and Satur- 
 
 days 
 
 WORCESTER, county is bounded by 
 
 WO'NDER, S. [Bclg. ww.ifr. Sax. won-jshrop!hiic and Stafloidlh.re on ihe N. _ by 
 
 V/iiiwicli-
 
 W O R 
 
 Warwickfhire on the E. by Glouccflerfhircon 
 
 tlie^ and Herefordltirc on the W. Tcppk'- 
 
 iTian makes it 36 miles long, and 28 broad, 
 
 and 130 in circumference, containing fevcn 
 
 hundreds, eleven market-towns, befides VVor- lend ; from the Saxon, wherein it oencrailY 
 
 cefter city, 152 paridies, 2r,coo houfes, and ■ figrifies time. 
 
 703,000 inhahitants. Both the foil and air WO'RLULINESS, S. » ftate wherein a 
 
 are good. The rivers Severn, Stonr, Avon, perfon purfues liis prefcnt, to ihe nenitft of 
 
 and 1 rent, waters this county, and fupply it his future and eternal intcreft. Covctouf- 
 
 \V O R 
 
 public life ; a great multitude ; mankind. 7« 
 the worU, implies, exirting, in being, or po(- 
 fible. lor all the ivcrldy exaflly. V>'orid ivith' 
 out evd, fignifies to all eternity, or time without 
 
 ■with plenty of delicious fi!h. The commodi- 
 ties are corn, chcefe, wool, cloth, (tblfs, cyder, 
 perry and balket-faJt. It fends two members 
 to parii.mient for the county, and two each for 
 Worccdcr, Droitwich, and Evelham, and one 
 for Beivdicy. 
 
 WORD, S. [pronounced tvurd; from 
 lua'jrda, Goth, ivoni, Sax.j an articular found 
 of the voice, by which fomc idea is conveyed 
 to the mind of another ; any co!lc(f\ion of let- 
 ters that conveys an idea j a (liort difcourfc. 
 Jiguratively, language. After w^i^^, conteft. 
 After keep, a promile. After /-/ir, a lignal. 
 After liing, an account, or mcdage. In Scrip- 
 ture, tlie Oofptl difpenfation. Chrirt, or 
 the fecond perfon in the ever bleflcd Tri- 
 nity. 
 
 WO'RDV, Adj. ['::-erJwg, -wordfu!. Sax.] 
 abounding in words, or making ul'c of more 
 than what arc iicceffjry. 
 
 WORE, pretcr of Wear. 
 
 To WORK, V. N. [prtter and particple 
 
 nels. 
 
 WO'RLDLING, S. a perfon entirely guid- 
 ed oy views of pain, 
 
 WO'RLOLY, Adv. relating to this life, 
 in contradirtin^ion to that which is to come; 
 bent entirely on this world. 
 
 Worm, S. [ws/w, •wyrm, Sax. tvorm, 
 Belg. terif.is, Lat.j an annular creeping ani- 
 mal. 
 
 To WORM, V. N. to work flowly and 
 fecretly. 
 
 WORMY, Adj. abounding in worms. 
 
 .WO:<N, Part, padive of W^far. 
 
 To WORRY, V. A. f^.c-r/V.T!, Sax.j to 
 tear, mangle, or (hake like l>cafls of prey. 
 Figuratively, to harrafs, or perfccutc bru- 
 tally. 
 
 WORSE, Adj. fthc comparative degree of 
 Bap. tlius irregularly compared, bad,"ivorff, 
 iLor/}\ from ivorra. Sax.] that which, on 
 comparifon, .-"ppears to have Icfs good cjuali- 
 ties than another. 
 
 padive 7i•ir^^■<y or -wrought ; lueorcan. Sax.] ' To WORSE, V. A. to put to difadvan- 
 to labour or employ one's felf about any tage. 
 
 thingwhich requiresconflintoivigorousexcr- WORSHIP, S. [ivorfepe, Sax.] dignity 
 tion of rtrcngth ; to be in a^ion or motion ; which requires reverence Piid refpe(ft; a cha- 
 to ?.(\ as a manufafturor. To ferment, ap- | raOer of honour; adoration ; the title of a 
 plied to liquors. To operate, or have an eff-<fl; ' juflice of peace. 
 
 to obtain by afliduity 5 to aO on as an object, j lo WORSHIP, V. A. to adore or pay 
 To refine, ufcd with up to. To be tofled or divine honours to ; to honour, or treat with 
 agitated as it in a fermentation. " Confus'd great reverence. 
 
 v;'n\\-work'wg fands,and rolling waves." /fi^t///". I WORST, the fuperlative of Dad or III. 
 Aiflively, to make by degrees, or continual ap- 1 See Worse. 
 
 plication of llrength ; to labour or manufac-j To WORST, V. A. to defeat or over- 
 ture ; to produce by a(ffion; to bring into any ; throvv. 
 
 ftate. " Works itfelf clear. Aidif. To em- WO'RSTFD, S. thread made of wool, 
 broider, or perform by the needle. To ma- (fuch as Jiockii;gs arc made of. 
 nageor dire(fl, applied to (hips. LTedwIthl WORT, S. [-^iJ/V.', Sax. wcr.', Belg.] an 
 cut, to tffl'rt by continual labour ; to erafe, or j heib originally; but at prefcni appropriated to 
 efface. Uki with up, to raifc, excite, orii plant of the caiibage kind; new beer 
 Provoke. I either fermented or fermenting ; from byrs, 
 
 WORK, S. [-avorr, Sax.wfr«. Belg.] con. Sax. 
 flant application of ftrcngth or mind ; labour WORTH, S. [pronounced ivurtb ; from 
 or employ ; a date of labour ; a bungling at-|7c:?r.'Z», or -wyrth. Sax. g^crth, Brit, tcanh 
 
 tempt: f.ny thing made by the needle, or any 
 manual art ; an acflion or deed. To wo to nvork 
 v:ith, is to manage or treat. I0 ftt on work, 
 to emplov, er.g.:(>e, or excite to ^(ftion. 
 
 WO'RKMaNSHip, S. manufaaure; the 
 Ikill of a worker ; the art of working. 
 
 WORLD, S. [tvor/dyweruld, -cvnr n Id, S2x.~' 
 
 Arm. j price or value j excellence j import- 
 ance. 
 
 WORTH, Adj. equal in price or value j 
 deferring of. . 
 
 WO'i< THLESS, Adj. of no value. Of 
 bad principles, applied to perfons. 
 
 WORI HY, Adj. [from Worth] deferv- 
 
 the whole fyftem of created things; the earth, ing. Equal in value, ufed witii of. Valuable; 
 Following //•,-;, the prefent (tare of cxi.Qance. j fuitable. 
 
 A fecular life or the pleafures and inteiefl WO'RTHY, S. a perfon of eminent 
 whjfh Ucal away the Jbul from God in ai oualities, and dticrving eftccm. 
 
 I
 
 W R E 
 
 To V/OT, V. N. ['.ihcr, Sax. whence 
 'u-i-.'f to know] to knj\v, cr be aware of. 
 Obfolet*. 
 
 WOULD, the prctcr of V."im, ufea cs an 
 auxiliary verb to cxprd's the tptative and fub- 
 junctive niouds. 
 
 NVOU LDiNG, S. an inclination or de- 
 fire. " llie ivcuuLrgs oi the fpirit." Ham- 
 7t.ir,d. 
 
 VVOl'ND, S. \iv-:yJ, Sax. ivcrJe, Belg.] a 
 hiu't given a peribn by any violence. 
 
 •lo WOUND, V. A. to cut the /kin by 
 any viokr.ce or accident. 
 
 WOL'NO, prtter and participle palTive of 
 
 W I K D . 
 
 WRACK, S. fRelg wracca, Sax] the de- 
 flnid on of a iT;ip by wir.ds or tocks. 
 >ipiiraiive'y, ruin or dclhu(nian. Sec 
 Wreck. 
 
 To WRANGLE, V, N. iii-ragglefair, 
 Belg-] to difpute or qunriel in a pcevifti, cr 
 f ervcrfe m;inner, for trifles. 
 
 WRANGLE, S. a quarrel on account of 
 fon-.e trlfiing incident. 
 
 To WRAP, V. A. [//•£■;!>», Sax. w^cr 
 D?.n. 1 to roll toj;eiher in fold.' ; to cover with 
 fo mething lolled, cr thrown lound. Ufcd 
 with Nf', to cover, hide, or conceal. 
 
 WRA'FPER, S. ;iny tiling ufcd as a cover. 
 
 V/R'ATH, S. \ivraih, Sl^x. ivreHc, Dan.] 
 anger excited to a high degree by fcmegreut 
 offence. 
 
 WRA'THFUL, Adj. angry j furious ; 
 raging. 
 
 7o WREAK, V. A. {■zi-raccatt. Sax. -zwr- 
 itn, V,c\g.ycckev, Tcut ] to revenge j to exe- 
 cute ;iny violent dtfign. 
 
 VVRKAK, S. revtnge ; paflion. 
 
 WREATH, S. [lurath, Sax.] any thing 
 curled or twidcl j a g;irland or chaplet. 
 
 To WREA'fHE, V. A. [■^rt^.cx lurecthed , 
 part, paflive, ■:frf<?r^(fl', ovivrcat}. en] to curl or 
 twill ; to interweave cr entwine together; to 
 eiici'.cic or funound like a garland. 
 
 W^RECK,S,fw;-cw,-, Sax.-zi'rar^f, Belg.] 
 This vv<rJ is varioufly written; if derived 
 from the Saxon, it is fpclt as in this article; 
 lut if from the Dutch, as in the article 
 Wkack, wliic'i {ie. 
 
 "i o v\ RECK, V. A. to def'roy by rufiiing 
 on rocks or fands. To ruin. 
 
 To WRENCH, V. A. [ivrirgan. Sax. 
 -j'rr-^rcn^ Belg.] to pull by violence ; to 
 lorcc ; to fprain a limb, 
 - WRENCH, S. a violent pull or twlA; 
 afpr-uln. 
 
 'io WREST, V. A. {-.cracfan. Sax.] to 
 twitt ; (o extort 1,'y violence ; to diflort ; to 
 apply a word to an uncommon meaning, a? 
 jE veie, witli violerice to its common accep- 
 tation. 
 
 'f o ^VRE'STLE, V. A. to flrnggle with 
 2. prrfon, in crJcr to throw him down. Figu- 
 litivcly, to flriipgle with great foice, in crder 
 tol'urmcunt It.nicoppofition. 
 
 W K o 
 
 WRETCH, S. [lurecca. Sax.] a pcrfon in 
 extrcn>e mifery j a perfbn of no worth or 
 merit. 
 
 WR£'TCHED, Adj. in a (late tf miferyj 
 pitiful ; dcfpicabie ; worthleff. 
 
 VVRE'TCllEDNESS, S. a Oate of extreme 
 mifery, wicksJncfs, ot lewdnefs- 
 
 To WRl'GGLE, V. N. [ivrig^av, .«ax. 
 luggciiii, Bc!g.] to move to and fro with (liort 
 twifts in walking. 
 
 WRIGHT, S. l-wriltj, ivrykta. Sax.] a 
 workman; a maker. 
 
 1 o WRIN'3, V. A. fpreter and part pafT. 
 ivy'iytgicl, and ti'iung; ivrwgcti, Sax.] to twift 
 or turn round with violence; to ioice moil- 
 turc out of a thing by tuifiing it ; to f^jueeze ; 
 to pinch ; to lurrafs or diflrels. Neuterly, to 
 writhe with anguilh. 
 
 WRl'NKLE, S. [ivnrif/c. Sax. tunvlel, 
 Uclg.] a furrow of the (kin or face ; any 
 rouojinefs in a furface. 
 
 To WRINKLE, V. A. {nvnr.cllav, Sax.] 
 to contiaift the (kin into furrows j to make 
 any furface uneven. 
 
 \VR1ST, S. [ivi'P, Sax.] that part in which 
 the hand joins to the arm, 
 
 WRl'Si BAND, S. the band at the extre- 
 mity of a (liirtor fliift flcevc. 
 
 WRIT, S. [from Write j any thing writ- 
 ten ; Scripture : the laft fenfc is ufed when 
 fpeaking of the Bible. A judicial or legal pro- 
 cefs. 
 
 WRIT, thepreterof Write. 
 
 WRITATIVE, Adj. fond of, or inclined 
 to write. " Years make men more talkative, 
 but lefs wnVa'it-f." Pcpe. Johnfon cenfures 
 tliisword as an innovation, and unworthy of 
 being imitated. 
 
 To WRITE, V. A.l [prefer ivrk, or 
 Ti'r^rf, part, pafliveirr;.'] to form letters, or 
 cxprcfi bya pen. Neuterly, to conveyNsne's 
 ideas by letters formed with a pen ; to com- 
 pofe. 
 
 WRI'TER, S, one who writes; a pen- 
 man j tn autiwr. 
 
 To WRITHE, V, A. [ivritkcn. Sax.] to 
 diftort ; to twift with violence. 
 
 WRITING, S. the art of formin" letters, 
 woids, &c. with a pen ; a p^^per containmg 
 writing : any legal inftrumeiit. 
 
 WRITTEN, participlepafiiveof Write. 
 
 WRONG. S. [wi-jngc, Sax.J any thing 
 done knowingly, or wiih a defign to injine 
 another ; an aftion confiftcnt with moral rec- 
 titude ; an error. 
 
 WRONG, Adj. inconfit'tentwiili morality, 
 propriety, or t; nth ; improper. 
 
 To WRONG, V. A. to dcpiive a pcrfoo 
 of his C\\:(i ; to injure. 
 
 WRO'NGFUL, Adj. injurious; r.njuft. 
 
 Wi^ONG-HEAD, or WROrCG-HEAD- 
 ED, Adj. obfiinaie ; in the wrong. 
 
 \VRO IE, prctcr and participle palTive of 
 Write. 
 
 WROTH,
 
 WROTH, AJj. [woth, Sax. -vraJ, Dan.] 
 an^ry, rcry much piavr)t/c<J by fonit offjncc. 
 •' MtWcs was •:urc:f:." Exui, xvi. 20. 
 
 WROUGIIl", fpicri<r u.)<l pair, paflivc of 
 Work, derivfJ trom nvirkcn, Ctlg. wiiich 
 imkcs g rod : in thepreter; Z'^sg';//, 6;ix.] per- 
 formed. Picvailtd upon, or influenced, ulld 
 witii hf'ti. Operated. 
 
 WRL'NG, pitter and participle palTivc of 
 Wrino. 
 
 YEA 
 
 pinral. It Is pronounccJ by einittin^ tljc brcitk 
 with a fullden cxp;ui(ion cf the lips, whca 
 contraded fo as lo found an u. 
 
 YACHT, S. \hom jagt, Teut.] a fmall 
 Ihip, generally ufcd in conveying Uate p^iJca- 
 gcrs. 
 
 YARD, S. [grard, Sax. g.zrdd, Brit.] in- 
 'j'.ofed ground liclonging to a hoiill" ; a tnea- 
 iinc contdin-ng three icci, fettled by Henry I. 
 i from the lenntli of his own arm ; from gcrd. 
 
 WRV, Adj. ("from Writ Hr.] crooked ; | Sax. Lcn^ p;:ces of limber tilted acrofs the 
 
 diftorted ; pervencJ. 
 
 To WRY, V. N. to be contorted or writh- 
 ed. Actively to didort. 
 
 X 
 
 marts, and u(ed as Aipports for the faili. 
 
 YARE, Adj. Igdiw:, S.IX.] rcddy ; eager ; 
 dextrous. " You fliall find mzysr:." Siakt 
 Not in life. 
 
 YARMOUTH, S. a fe.i port town wf 
 Norfolk, witii a market on Saturd;iys anJ 
 ( Wcdnefdays, :<nd one f.iir on Friday :<nd S*- 
 
 XThe twenty-fecond letter of the F.ng- | turday iu I- aii^-.-week, for perry ch.-.pmen. It 
 lilhalphaiier, and a double confonant, iis feated on Hit river Yavc, nh:reit falls into 
 5 .hicli is borrowed lioni the Saxons, ' the fca, and is a p[ace of great ftrcngth. it is 
 and is to be met with liivcwife in the Gothic 1 reckoned liic key of this coalt, and is a clean 
 alphabet, but pronuncedby them in the fime ' handfome place, the houfes bciiij; well built : 
 manner us by the Greeks, ;'. c like ./. . 'J he ; and Jtis alfo a place of confidcrablc trade, it is 
 Gicfk £ or Hi li-s the fame fjund as the i noted for its rtd herrings, as alfo ior it$ 
 F.nglil'h ; but as this letter is never iifed to | coaches, whicli arc notlnng more t!>an ficd;'cs 
 kegin Fn^lilli words, the articles under it will |drove about \\i;!i one iioifc, in a iLt ne:a tbs 
 be very few, and molljy derived from the . fe . The tov\i) is govcniLU by a nnyor, 18 
 
 Greek, A numeral X Itands for rt.7. 
 
 XKR'IF, a title given to a prince or chief 
 governor, of Iiir!)ary. 
 
 XERO'COLLYRIU?.!, S. [Gr.J -a dry 
 phflcr for fore eys. 
 
 XEROmiAGY.S. \.xcrc;.haiie, I.at.) the 
 filing of dry meats, a fort of fait among the 
 primitive Chiillians. 
 
 XIPli01'J-)K^, S. [^■;©', Gr. a fword, 
 and £iS>, Gr.J in An itoms, the name of a 
 cartilage at the bottom of the flrrjum, and 
 
 fo called, from iti rclcmbling the point of a j gape; to open \sid€j to cxprcfe longing by 
 fword. I faring. 
 
 XY'.?TUS, S, [■: r^. Gr. from |u«, 
 Gr.] in Arci-.iicifiurc, a Ij-j; fpacious portico, 
 wbcrcio lite aihlcis e;crvc;fed. 
 
 aldermen, and '^d common-council men, spd 
 ■.■>nf)(U of about rjoohoufcs. it lies zj niil« 
 i'.. of N'orwich, 54 N. E. oi ipfwicii, and 124 
 N. E. of Loudon. 
 
 To YARK, V. N. to growl or fnarl likg 
 a dog. 
 
 YAllX, S. [gcsrn, ?ax.] wool /;Hin Inta 
 threads. 
 
 YAWL, S. nboat or fmall vcdel belonging 
 to a '.hip. 
 
 To YAWN, V. N. \recuar.. Sax.] 
 
 Y 
 
 Y 
 
 The twenty-third letter of the F.ng 
 iiili alphaber, ufid loth ns a vov. t 
 
 Saxon alpliabe: fcems borrowed from tliat of 
 the Greek T, efpecialiy as its found in thc 
 Saxon rclembles it, and in molt Enojiih w-ords 
 <lcrived from the Greek, is fui)(t!t'itcd for it. 
 When it occurs at the beginning of a word, it 
 is founded like the Hebrew ; but at the end 
 of words like a long i. Si)ch words as end in 
 this letter in the fingular, form their plural in 
 ie:, being toriTvtily written with ;V initead of 
 \y; and pcri^^ps generally deri-.'cd from the 
 
 YA W'N, S. the ati of gaping. 
 
 YAWNING, Adj. fleJpy. 
 
 YCLE'PKD, ; n-ir. p-iilive ofCtsPE, e.-ill, 
 fiom e/ejjc:/:. Sax. to which is ad Jcd liiepariicle 
 V, iifed in t1;e rre'crs and paitieiples in oli 
 Eiigliili, ar.d from _c-c. Sax. j cailcd; n.'meil. 
 
 YE, pron. the nominative plural cf Tiioe, 
 ufedwhen fpe-ikiog to more than one pei(b«; 
 from gr, -^ax. lui, Arm tiy. Boh. •;_y,^Daini. 
 ii, Sclav, c'kid', P>nUj:z., furk. 
 
 YEA, Ad}, [sj or gca^bax. J J, Daa. Tcut. 
 and Belg.] ves ; trily. 
 
 To YARN, V. K. [eaman, SaK.J to bri.-vj 
 forth young, applied to fiieep, 
 
 YE'ANl-lNG, ilje ycung of flicep. 
 
 YEAR, S. \gijr, S.-.X. 'jcicr, £cig. jalr^ 
 Tun. iiar, Dan. ,u; Run.]. a fyftem, or circle 
 offeveral m jnths, or afpiceof time mcaf urai 
 by the revolution offome cele't-^l hodj4|B 
 its orbit. .«4^_/l/./r j-r<Jr confilts of 365 days. 
 
 Fi.ench, who fuim their plural likcwife by the j 6 hours, :<n,l almoft 10 minutes. A lura; 
 addition of ani; tKwxi, fiatuvliy, formerly L-!r/7r is kfs tlwn l)ic foUir by 11 days, and 
 VKken frauimtie, makci frettniUiei jn the j connfts ei4a(fLly of 354. d»ys S heurs^ ar.^^;^ 
 
 *^
 
 YET 
 
 invnutes, and is the year now ufed by the 
 Turks. The dmlyear is that which each na- 
 tion has contrived to compute time by, and 
 jjeneraily conlifls of whole days ; the common 
 till/year con flits of 365 days, and the B://cx;IIe, 
 or kap year, conlii'sof 3C6 diys, and has one 
 day more than the common, whicli is called 
 the intercalary day. 
 
 YE'ARLING, S. a beafl a year old. 
 YE'ARLY, Adv. every year j lading a 
 year ; once a yezr. | 
 
 To YEARN, V. N. [pronounced^rrr?, with : 
 * (liort; cjiKldti, Sax.] to fcei a itrong fympa- j 
 thy, affcCiion, or icndernefs. Actively, to | 
 grieve or a fit cl wiih fympathy. " It would I 
 *'■ yearn yoiirJieart to fee it." Shak. The lafl , 
 fcnfe is obfolcte. 1 
 
 YE,AST, S. [y/ft, .Sax.] the foam of beer ! 
 in a Hare of fermentation. I 
 
 YiiLI-i, .S. ' ycau-^ve. Sax.] the yellow part j 
 of an e<ig; commonly prcncunced, and oitcn 1 
 written, _j'3/«. 
 
 To YtLL, V. N. [yle. III.] to make a I 
 hoirildc cry through Jbrrow or agony. 
 YliLL, S. a cry cxpic.'Iivc of horror. 
 YtLLOW, Adj (^vij/<.'7pf, Sax. ghAeuive, 
 Belg. ^;Vr//3, \ti.\.jadiie, Fr.j a bright colour, 
 refemLlinp gold. 
 
 YE'LLOWI'CaY, S. a piece of gold coin 
 " Ydloivlovs to fee council." Join Bull. 
 
 YELLOWNESS, S. the 4uality of being 
 yellow. 
 
 To YELP, V. N. ly^al^ar.. Sax ] to bark 
 or make a noife like a Jiound in purfuit of its 
 prey. 
 
 YEO'MAN, S [according to Junius, from 
 rei/iini. Sax. a villager j a man of a fmall land- 
 ed! eftatc: formerly given as a title to Jolditrs, 
 and at prelent applied to ihc guirds which at- 
 tend the king, cloath.cd in tl;e drefs worn in 
 the days ot Henrv VIH. 
 
 YEO'MANKY, S. the collcaive body of 
 yccmen. 
 
 ToYERK,V. A. [See Jerk] to move 
 or throw cut with a faring. 
 
 YERK, S. a fpring or tjuick motion. 
 YERN. SieeYEAP-N. 
 Yi-S. Adv. [c-//;-, Sax.] a term ufcj to im- 
 ply confer.f, aiicnt, cr cfSrmation j oppoied 
 
 to ; r. 
 
 YKS'TER, Adj. [gLipo; Bdg. hftcnus, 
 Lac] the next before the picftpt day. ■ ' VV horn 
 *' ypr fun beheld." IryJ. Scldosfi ufed, 
 unltfsin compofaioa. 
 
 YT'srERDAY, S. [.Pi-.^aW^.j-, Sax. /.:/. 
 tctraiiiCi. Lat ] tire day L(> p;(i. 
 
 YL'STEKNiGHT, S. the n-ght laR 
 
 ^^ \ V.T, Conj. [pj-r, g't, gcta. Sax.] never- 
 ^Wi'cis ; not«i;hi!anding; however. "21/ 
 
 " il. ifc imptifittions being balanced by great 
 
 " virtues." Diyd. 
 
 "^ ir'.T, Adv bcfides; n^ore then has been 
 
 nitni!i:ueu. " Thii furni^cs wiih vf/ one 
 
 Y O R 
 
 " morcreafon " Artcrb. Still; without any - 
 a'teration. " While they vi:c\c yet heaihens.!*^ 
 .iddifcn Once more " Tct,yct, a momfrnt." 
 Pope. Uftd with a negative before it, at this 
 time, or fo foon. " Thales— faid, young men, 
 " not yet." Bjc. 
 
 To YIELD, V. A. [proBounced ^^e/t/; 
 Uom geldan. Sax.] to produce ; to afford ; to 
 give as a due; to allow. " I jzWt^ it juft." 
 RTdt. Ufed with up to re.Ggn or furrcnder. 
 N'eiiterly, to fubmit as cjnquered ; to com- 
 ply ; to admit or allow : to give place to 
 as an inferior in excellence, or any other 
 qualitv. 
 
 YOKE, S. [^cof, Sa^-K. jcck, Belg. juguntf 
 l-zt. 'pug, Fr.] the bandage placed oi the neck 
 of a draught horfe. Figuratively, a mark of 
 fervitude; flaveiy ; a l:nk, band, or tye ; a 
 couple or pair ; a piece of wood placed on ti»c 
 fiioulder.':, by means of which two pails are 
 carried at once. 
 
 To \OKE, V. A. to fafltn to a carriage 
 by a Aoke; to join or couple with another, 
 " Cailius, you arejo^cjwiih a lamb." iJliai. 
 To endive or fiibdue. " F-ie ycketh your le- 
 l)tl!iou5 necks." Shuk. To re drain or con- 
 tine. " Words and promifcs that yoke — the 
 " conqueror." Iliullh, 
 
 YOKEFELLOW, or YOKEMATE, S. 
 a companion in labour. " Jli-j.yl.'.oiwin aims." 
 iibck. A mate. 
 
 YOLK, S. See Yelk. 
 YON, YOND, YONDER, Adv. [geomJ, 
 Sax.] at a difiance. 
 
 YORH, or of YORE, Adj. [gcogara. Sax.] 
 long; of old time, or long ago. 
 
 YORK, S. [named CiJtT- i7i>vT/,f, by Nin- 
 nius, and Cacr Kffrcc, from K. Eiiaucus, its 
 fuppofed founder. E-vortvU; cr Eafortcic, 
 S^>l. i. e a city f tuatcd on the river L'/e] the 
 I feco.id city in England, an archbiilicp's fee, 
 and the metropolis of Ycrkfljire. Itisplea- 
 fant'y fiUiatid in a valley, in a f'.rtile foil, and 
 v.hclcfo.Tieair, is both lirge and populous, 
 f-;vcral miles in circumference, has four large 
 gates ; and is divided by the river Oufe, for- 
 n)erly named Ure, which has a very hand- 
 fome brid^^e, whofe arch is efleemed very 
 muciion .iccount of its fv\tep anddimcnhons. 
 It is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, 
 who are jullices of the peace, twenty-four 
 ptmie c..!mmon-council-mer,, tight chamber- 
 lains, feventy-two ccmmcn-co-iinciUaaen. a re- 
 cordcr^ town-clerk, commbn-fcrjcant, Avord- 
 bsarer, fee. It fends two members to parlia- 
 ment ; is diflant frcni London 150 compu- 
 ted, tr If a meafi:red mi.'cs, and is liiuaied ill 
 Ion. 22 dcg. 2f; ice. lat 5.-;. dcg. and 10 fee. 
 
 Y'O'RKSIIJRE, S. b) fjj thehrgert county 
 in England, is bounded on llie W. by Lanca- 
 iLire, and p:.rt ol Che'hire ; on the S. by Ocr- 
 livfhire, Nottinghamfl.ire, and Lincolnlhirc ; 
 on the E. by the German occjn ; and on the 
 N. by Duilum and u"eOxnt.rcliud. It is faid
 
 Y U X. 
 
 to contain 7G0 miles in compafs, being 75 
 fron N. to S. and So from •:. to W.' Liu 
 Tcmpleman makes it 114 miks ion'^, and 80 
 broad 5 and others reckon ^,770,000 acres in 
 this county. It is divided into three ridings, 
 di(iingui(hedby Raft, Weft, and North, from 
 their ficuation with rcfpcd to York city ; t!»e 
 wc(t-ridin]T comprehendiii.gten hundredc.and 
 twenty- f^ur m <rket-tovvns;.the calt four liun- 
 dreds, and eight market-towns ; and the r.orth 
 twelve hundreds and liiventeen r.nrket towns. 
 This county contains 563 parilhes, 242 vicai- 
 ages, 2330 vi!!;;gcs, about 106,150 houfcs, 
 and 530,750 inhabitants. As this county is 
 of fo jjreat extent, both its air and foil murt 
 be different in diffLicnt parts of it ; but it is 
 in general plentitul, and rcmarkoble for its 
 breed othoifcs. It ftiuls 30 members to par- 
 liament, 2 for the county, 2 for York city, 
 and 2 cuch for Kinglton upon FIuU, Knaref- 
 borou<;h, Scarborough, Kipon, Richmond, 
 Heydon, Borough bridge, Malton,- Thirfkc, 
 Aldborough, Beverly, Norihallcrton, and 
 Pontefiatft 
 
 YOU, {'ron. [i:o7v, the accufative plural of 
 thii, Sax. thouj tliis word is ufcd wiien we 
 I'peuk to more tl).u) one; butbycuflom has 
 been applied, by w,,y of ceicii ony, even when 
 we addrefs a fingle per/on. It is fometimcs 
 Xifed indefinitely, for any pcrfon, in the fame 
 ftnfe as en, Fr. 
 
 YOUNG, Adj. [iorg g'ecn^. Sax. 7>r, 
 Eelg. i:ing, Teut.j not born many years ; in 
 the firfl part of life. Figuratively, ignorant, 
 unexperienced. Applied to vegetables, newly 
 grown. 
 
 YOUNG, S. the offspring of brute ani 
 mals. 
 
 YOU'NGSTER, or YOU'NKER, S. a 
 young perfon : a word of contempt. 
 
 YOUR, Pron. {eozver, Sax. jcztcar, 
 Goth. J belonging to you. It feems to be 
 rather the genitive plural of eower, from ge, 
 Sax. you ; and on that account i^ fcidom uled 
 but when we fneak to more than one, unlefs 
 when we cnnipliment a pcrfon ; and in that 
 fcnfe it is that we add the 's final, a fiB;n of 
 the genitive iingular, more particularly fo 
 when the fubft.intive goes before, or is under- 
 ftood. " '1 is managed by an abler hand than 
 "jSKr'i." Drjd. " It iiyouri to tranfmit." 
 Pcpc 
 
 YO'lTRSELF, Pron. [froip j>'a«r and/^/Tj 
 you, cxclufive of any other. 
 _ YOUTH, S. \ycogi,th, Sax.] that part of 
 life which is between childhood and mtnliood, 
 generally reckoned from 14 to 28 ; a young 
 man. Young men, ufed colLdively. 
 
 YOU'THFUL, Adj. young; fuitable to 
 youth ; vigorous. 
 
 YULE, S. [gcoI,yeoI, yehuly Sax.] the time 
 ofChriftmas. 
 
 To tUX, V. A. [gcoy.a, gcoHxag, Sax,] to 
 foli or fi^h. 
 
 Thc ia'l letter of the alphabet ; » 
 double CBnfljnatit. lis fbim is the ■ 
 5 fatne in t!;s Saxor;, G*ji.hic, and 
 Grci-k alphabets, and its iound icfcjv.blcs that 
 of an hard 5. 
 
 Z-^'FFRE, S. a blue colonr made of co- 
 balt powdered very fine, niixtd with three 
 times it weight of powdered flints, and fub- 
 limated. 
 
 ZA'NY, S. a perfon who endeavours by 
 odd jeliurcs andexpj-edions to excite laughter; 
 a meiry-andrevv or buiToon. " Preacher at 
 " once and xai:y of ttiy age." Fope, 
 
 ZA'RNISH, S. a foHd fubftance in which 
 orpiment is found, ofagieen or yellow colour. 
 
 ZE.-iL, S. f pronounced x..i! from ft)i>.ov, 
 Gr. zclus, Lat.j a paffionate ardour or affec- 
 tion for .nny thing, perfon, or caufe. 
 
 ZEA'LOT, S , ^=X«)T)j;, G\\ i^eloteiir, Fr.J 
 one that ei'poufes any caufe with a great ar- • 
 dour or palTion : gencraiiy ufed in dilpraife. 
 
 ZLA'LOUS, Adj. [pronoimced »£/o«jJ ef- 
 poufn-.g any caufe with padion. 
 
 ZE'CIliN, S. [from Zecha,' in Venice, 
 where the mint is fettled] a gold coin worth. 
 aboHt nine uiillings fleriing. 
 
 ZED, b. the name of the letter a. Figu- 
 ratively, a crooked perfon, formed like the 
 letter Z. A worthlefs inlignificant wretct. 
 '• Tiiou whorefon x^ui, ihou unneceflary let- 
 ter." Shak. 
 
 ZE'NITH, S. [Arab.] the point in the 
 heavens diredlly over one's head, and oppofitc 
 to the Nadir. 
 
 Zt-PHYR, or ZEPHYRUS, S. [Lat.] 
 the weft wind : poetically applied to any calm, 
 foft, or genial wind. 
 
 ZEST, S. the peel of an orange fqueezed 
 into wine ; a velilh or tafte fuperadded to any 
 thing. 
 
 ZETE'TICK, Adj. proceeding by enquiry. 
 
 ZEU'G.MA, S. [Gr.J a figure in Rheto- 
 ric, wherein an adjediveor verb, which agrees 
 with the next word is likewife applied to one 
 or many more remote. 
 
 ZO'DIAC, S. [z.0(Uaque, Fr. ^stJiaxof 
 Gr.J the ecliptic, or track of the fun through 
 the twelve fign.s, which are called by the iiamc 
 of fome animal. 
 
 ZONE, S. y^ny. Gr. xcna, Lat. J a girdle. 
 " The middle part — girt like a ftarry z.one 
 his waift." Pa-. Left. A divifion of the 
 terraqueous globe, with refpe*^ to the dilfertut 
 degrees of heat. The whole earth is divided 
 \mo Ji'ue zones \ that in the middle, and be- 
 ing betvveen the two tropics, is called the toriid 
 X(,ne; by theantients it was thought to be un- 
 inhabited ; but modern difcoveries have ex- 
 ploded this fuppolition There arc two tem- 
 pciate, and twofi igid zora; the northern tem- 
 perate xc-jt- is terminated by the tropic of can- 
 cer, and the artic polar circle. The frigid xoncs 
 are circumfcnbed by the pohr circles, and 
 have the poles in their centers. 
 
 ZOO-
 
 Z V I 
 
 ZOO'GRAPHER, S. [^xc-j ani yfa^i,^ 
 Gr.] otic who dilcribcs thenatmc, properties, 
 atiJ forms of animals. " By xocgraphen cal- 
 *' led the prophet." Bacon. 
 
 ZOO'GRAPHY, S. [{mv Gr. and y;^'fo.; 
 Gr.] a delcription of the form, natures, and 
 properties of animals. " Weare thereby con- 
 " dnfted into zoograpby." Grevj. 
 
 ZOO'LO(3Y, S. [fajcv, Gr. and Xo;.oc, 
 Gr.] a trtatife concerning animals or living 
 creatures. 
 
 Z'OOPHYTE, S. [^«5v, Gr. and <fi;rov, 
 Gr. ] a vegltable or plant which par- 
 takes both of the nature of plants and ani- 
 mals. 
 
 ZOOPHO'RIC, Adj. [^ajov, Gr. and ffpse, 
 Gr.] bearing an animal. A.xoopbcric cclutnn, 
 in Architefture, is that which bears or fupports 
 the form of an animal. 
 
 ZOO'PHORUS, S. [Sec Zoo'pHesic] 
 the frieze of a column, or that part which is 
 between the architrave and cornice; fo called 
 from the ornaments relembling animals, car- 
 ved upon it. 
 
 ZOO'TOMIST, S. [ ^(WiV, Gr. and 
 TE/^vo), Gr. ] a pcrfon who dillcOs ani- 
 mals. 
 
 ZOO'TOMY, S. the difTeOion of the 
 body of beads; called likewife, comfarcniw 
 enatoniy. 
 
 ZUi'NGLIANS, S. a branch of ancient 
 
 z z 
 
 reformers, fo called from their founder Ukk 
 
 ZYGO'MA, S. [Gr.] a bone of the head, 
 confining ot an aflcmblage or union of two 
 proceflcs, or eminences of bones, the one from 
 the OS temporh, and the other from xMcos mala, 
 which are joined together by a future, thence 
 called Zxgomatk. 
 
 ZYGOMATIC, Adj. [Sec Zycoma] 
 in Anatomy, tht z^ygcmatic mufcle, or vmfculus 
 Kygcmatkus, is a mufcle which comes from 
 the zy^ona, and pafTing obliquely, is inferted 
 near the angle of the lips, Its ufe is to draw 
 the lips obliquely upwards. 
 
 ZYMO'MA, S. any thing which promotes 
 or caufes fermentation. 
 
 ZYJVIOSl'iMETER, S. [See Zymoma] 
 an inflrument propofed by the ingenious na- 
 turalift Swammerdam, in his book De Rcfpiia- 
 tioi-e, to meafure the degree of fermentation 
 cauicd by the mixture of different bodies, and 
 l!ie degree of heat they acquire in fermenting; 
 befides which, he applies it to find the heat cr 
 temperament of the blood in animals. 
 
 ZYTHO'GALA, S. [ from xydus, Lat. 
 and yaX*^, Gr] in Medicine, a word wfcd 
 frequently by Sydenham, to fignify a mixture 
 of beer and milk, or a pofJet drink, 
 
 Z. Z. A charadler made ufcofbythe an- 
 
 Iiient phyficians to fignify myrrh, and by the 
 moderns to fignify ginger. 
 
 FINIS.
 
 UCSB LIBRARY 
 
 IM
 
 D 000 342 239 i 
 
 j^aut^^mmM
 
 tf#; 
 
 mMw^/mUL.