nzopa 
 
 £ e « <d 
 
 AND SOME OF HER FRIENDS 
 
If C'^'^^ 
 
 nzopa - 
 
 &<^^i#^d « ® ® ® 
 
 AND SOME OF HER FRIENDS 
 
 % 
 
 THE TOASTS AND RESPONSES 
 
 AT A COMPLIMENTARY DINNER GIVEN BY WALTER S. LOGAN, AT THE MARINE 
 AND FIELD CLUB, BATH BEACH, N. Y., TUESDAY, JULY 28th, 1891 
 
 TO 
 
 HON. JOHN N. IRWIN 
 
 Governor of Arizona 
 
 AND 
 
 HKRBKRT H. LOOAN 
 
 Of Phcenix, Arizona 
 
PS14 
 
 gp>Ga«l^0p^ 
 
 Walter S. Logan, 
 
 Of New York. 
 
 Hon. John N. Irwin, 
 
 Governor of Arizona. 
 
 The State-Makers." 
 "Arizona." 
 *' Irrigation." 
 
 Herbert H. Logan, 
 
 Of Phoenix, Arizona. 
 
 Hon. Joseph C. Hendrix, . *' The West as an Easterner looks at it." 
 Of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Hon. J. DeBarth Shore, . . "Arizona's Elder Sister." 
 
 Of California. » 
 
 St. Clair McKelway, 
 
 Of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 "Irrigation and the Press." 
 
 Hon. Thomas M. Waller, 
 
 Diaiti^^c^yftfej^Jatarnet Archive 
 
 Horace E. Dy3iiS9P7 With fundinghlrefljyer as a Business Man. 
 
 Of iMNi€T@soft Corporation 
 
 Lindley Vinton, . 
 
 Of New York. 
 
 Hon. John DeWitt Warner, 
 Of New York. 
 
 Salter S. Clark, . 
 
 Of New York. 
 
 Charles N. Judson, 
 
 Of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 "The Mines of the West." 
 
 Legislation for the Territories." 
 
 "Promoting as a Fine Art." 
 
 "Bear Valley." 
 
 "The Gila Monster." 
 
 Prof. G. A. Treadwell, 
 
 Of New York. 
 (Owing to the lateness of the hour, several of the speakers were not called upon 
 but have kindly furnished their intended replies to the toasts.) 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/arizonasomeofherOOIogarich 
 
 mi 
 

 *^ THE STATE-MAKERSr 
 
 BY 
 
 WALTER S. LOGAN. 
 
 The Children of Israel found it simple enough to make bricks as 
 long as they had free raw material. It was only when the supplies of 
 straw were cut off, and they were required to make something out of 
 nothing, that they complained so bitterly of their lot. 
 
 It has been easy enough to found new Staktes where a country and a 
 people have been furnished ready-made for that purpose. In the old 
 world and in the new, in ancient and in modern times, it has been often 
 and successfully done. 
 
 But the problem before the pioneers who undertook to settle our far 
 Western country, to establish a civilization, and rear the structures of new 
 States for the American Union in that then remote and inaccessible 
 region, was a very different one. The settlement of the prairies and 
 of the Mississippi Valley had been easy enough. The land was already 
 there, and it was a land upon which nature had smiled abundantly. 
 It was necessary only to find the people and to mould them into the 
 requisite social and political organizations ; and the people came only 
 too gladly — some from the older-settled portions of our nation, and more 
 yet from Ireland, Germany, England, France, Italy, Scandinavia, from 
 the shores of Europe everywhere, and from all the fountain-heads of 
 civilization. But when our State-makers passed beyond the influence of 
 the moisture-laden breezes of the Atlantic and approached the Eastern 
 base of the Rockies, and from there on, almost until the spray of the 
 Pacific touched them \ when they came into the region where the rain 
 descended with like impartiality, neither upon the just nor the unjust ; 
 when they reached the mountain and the desert ; a much more difficult 
 task awaited them — they were furnished with neither country nor people. 
 Like the Children of Israel, their bricks had to be made entirely without 
 
THE state-makers: 
 
 straw. Here was more than one-third of our whole national domain in 
 which the Almighty seemed never to have finished His work. It was a 
 part of the earth's surface, and that was about all that could be said of it. 
 (Laughter.) So far as capacity to produce and sustain life was concerned, 
 as it then stood, it was little better than so much of the blue sky of 
 heaven. They had not only to find people for their States, but to create 
 the very land itself. 
 
 There is no other race than ours that would have dared to undertake 
 this task or tried to solve this problem. There is no other nation than 
 ours where it would have been possible. There are no other institutions 
 than ours under which it could have been done. But the State-makers 
 of the far West were men undaunted by difficulties, fearless of danger, 
 and fertile in resources. The wild beast roamed over this inhospitable 
 country ; they slew him. The wilder and fiercer Indian was there ; they 
 converted him, (laughter) — sometimes alive, oftener dead. The land 
 was remote from civilization, inaccessible to markets, cut off from the 
 world ; they built railroads through the mountain passes, and, where 
 necessary, over their very summits. It was a desert with a rainfall totally 
 insufficient to produce any useful vegetation ; they penned up the streams 
 in the mountains, and led them out over the valleys and the bottoms ; 
 they bored their wells into the earth, and sometimes even pumped from 
 the seas, the bays and the rivers, and thus, where nature had failed to 
 furnish water from above, they obtained it from below ; and in ways like 
 these they have made, and are making a large part of Colorado, Cali- 
 fornia, New Mexico and Arizona, and almost the whole of the valleys of 
 the Rio Grande, the Colorado, the Gila and the Salt rivers, the most 
 fertile and productive land and the most charming country to live in upon 
 the face of the earth. Where it was too high, too barren or too rugged 
 to irrigate, they dug into the mountains and uncovered the boundless 
 stores of gold and silver and copper and all the precious things of the 
 earth that had been there hidden since the world began. And now, 
 having shown how the desert will blossom, having got land-making well 
 under way, and having disclosed the wealth that the earth has in its bowels 
 as well as on its surface, they call for people, and the work of State- 
 making in the mountain and the desert goes vigorously on. 
 
WALTER S. LOGAN. 
 
 And the people are coming, and a better class of people than are 
 now settling up these desert regions could not be found. When men 
 such as we have here to-night — men like Gov. Irwin and Mr. Shorb and 
 Hine and Hatch and that wayward brother of mine, who will be one of 
 the speakers to follow me — picture the charms of the country they have 
 literally made, and ask for people to inhabit it, they are sure to get a most 
 satisfactory response; and our brick-makers without straw, and State- 
 makers with neither land nor people, are succeeding far beyond what, 
 twenty years ago, the most pronounced optimist, in his wildest dreams, 
 would have dared to predict. (Applause.) 
 
 My own share in this great work has been a very modest one, but it 
 is the work and not the i?ian that is modest, (laughter,) and I don't want 
 to have you lose sight of what even I have done. 
 
 It is now ten years since first I looked upon Arizona (and in the 
 career of these energetic State-makers of ours, ten years is a long time). 
 It was before Irwin or Hatch or Hine or even that brother of mine had 
 ever heard of it, unless possibly they had read in their geographies that 
 there was, somewhere between Colorado and California, an unexplored 
 and probably unexplorable region which had come to be called Arizona 
 because they were short of names and didn't have any other to give 
 it. (Laughter.) It was before Shorb and his compatriots had made 
 Southern California the fruit-producing country of the world, and it was 
 before Cowing and Stebbins and Barnes and Bleecker and Sanderson and 
 Mallett and Rait and Wreaks and a lot of other good fellows had created 
 the Marine and Field Club, (laughter,) the best place on earth in which 
 to entertain distinguished guests from the arid West. (Applause.) 
 
 I think I am entitled to be called a pioneer in Arizona. I am ahead 
 of everybody here except Treadwell ; and I probably should have found 
 the Gila Monster myself if Treadwell had been half as modest as he should 
 have been, and not wanted the whole earth in the way of scientific dis- 
 covery. 
 
 It was in the (to me) memorable month of May, 1882, when in com- 
 pany with P>ederick A. Tritle, then Governor of Arizona, and as good a 
 fellow as he was a great Governor [Arizona has a habit of getting good 
 fellows for Governors (applause)], and with Clark Churchill, then the 
 
THE STATE-MAKERS} 
 
 Attorney General of the Territory, and the best lawyer within a thousand 
 miles of it, and with other men of the sort, that I rode up and down the 
 whole length of the Salt River valley, over the line on which has since 
 been constructed the great Arizona Canal, and saw, every now and then, 
 under the small ditches already built, their orchards and their gardens, 
 their fields and their storehouses, and all that Arizona even then, in the 
 earliest dawn of her renewed youth and with her very limited develop- 
 ment, could produce in such prodigal profusion. It was a little later that 
 Churchill and I formulated the economic plan under which it became 
 possible to build irrigating canals in Arizona with outside capital, as an 
 investment for profit, and organized the Arizona Canal Company to begin 
 the work; and it was clients of mine in the East and friends of William 
 J. Murphy in the West who furnished the money to build it, and made 
 three hundred per cent, on their investment. 
 
 But that isn't all the title I have to Arizona's gratitude. I wasn't 
 able to follow exactly in the steps of Abraham and sacrifice my son as 
 he proposed to sacrifice his, for I hadn't a son old enough to sacrifice, 
 and he hadn't a mother who would have let me do it if he had been; 
 (laughter,) but I had a brother, (laughter,) and I sent him forth from his 
 home, from his kindred and from his country, out among the Arkansas 
 rangers, the Apaches, the Gila Monsters and the rattlesnakes, to take 
 his chance in the survival of the fittest (laughter) ; and unless you 
 Arizona men have lied to me most atrociously about him, I did a 
 tolerably good thing for the territory when I sent him there. They tell 
 me that his disease is Irrigation on the Brain, and that he has been so 
 successful in reclaiming deserts in this world that if I am not careful 
 he will be on here some day with a plan for irrigating Hell, and upset the 
 whole scheme of orthodox Christianity by making the devil's kingdom 
 the more attractive of the two. (Laughter and applause.) 
 
 But after all, you State-makers of the desert, you needn't be so 
 awfully proud. It really isn't new States you are making: you are only 
 patterning after men who did just what you are doing, who lived and 
 died, who irrigated and cultivated, who built temples and cities, and 
 who founded a civilization and were exterminated from the face of the 
 earth probably before the first pyramid of Egypt had ever been thought of. 
 
WALTER S. LOGAN. 
 
 Some years ago, when the great and only Tritle was governor of 
 Arizona, he came East and visited his native Massachusetts, and they 
 gave him a dinner in Boston. Boston knows how to give a dinner, and 
 Tritle knew how to take one. They didn't have any Marine and Field 
 Club there, but they had Parker's. They didn't have Irwin to make a 
 speech, but Tritle could make one almost as good. They didn't have 
 Deshon, and Shorb, and Hale, and Hendrix, and Waller, and McKelway, 
 and the other good fellows that we have here to-night, but they had 
 Bullock who was then Governor there, and he was a host in himself. 
 
 The first toast of the evening came round. It was, " The Governor 
 of the Oldest Commonwealth to the Youngest," Gov. Bullock to respond. 
 Tritle was a man who never got left, and while Bullock was fussing with 
 his spectacles Tritle himself rose to respond, and in a very charming manner 
 and in the most felicitous language he thanked the grave, reverend and 
 astonished Bostonians for the honor they had done Arizona in calling on 
 him as the representative of the oldest Commonwealth of the nation to 
 welcome the Governor of the young State of Massachusetts ; and then he 
 showed how Arizona had a population, a civilization, a government and a 
 Statehood long before even the first wild Indian roamed through the 
 bleak forests of New England. (Laughter and applause.) 
 
 And Tritle was right. As you know, men of science are coming 
 more and more to give credit to the story of Atlantis. It is supposed 
 that a body of land once extended east from Mexico and Central America 
 far over toward the coast of Africa, and that by some operation of nature it 
 has been sunk below the waves. This was the fabled Atlantis ; and there 
 is a good deal to support the theory that the birthplace of the human 
 race was either somewhere about Yucatan, a thousand miles or so south of 
 Arizona, or, more likely, on Atlantis itself; and that civilization went 
 from there to Egypt on the east, and on the north to Arizona and New 
 Mexico, first, and afterwards to our Mississippi valley, where the mound- 
 builders have left such abundant record of their existence. But whether 
 we accept the story of Atlantis or not, whether civilization on our 
 continent is older or younger than in Egypt, India and Asia Minor, 
 it is quite probable — I think I may say, in view of the most recent dis- 
 coveries, it is certain — that the first civilization within the present limits 
 
« THE state-makers: 
 
 of the United States was in the valleys of the Rio Grande and the Gila ; 
 and Massachusetts and New York are really but puny infants by the side 
 of hoary-headed Arizona. (Applause.) And not only was the civiliza- 
 tion of the Gila Valley most ancient in the time, but the ruins which 
 we find of temples and cities, of irrigating systems and of works of art, 
 show that it was a civilization of a very high order ; and you irrigators 
 of 1 89 1, who are boasting that you are reclaiming deserts and making 
 gardens where God made only waste places, are simply doing over again 
 that which these men who perished long before the dawn of the earliest 
 Aztec, or even of the still more remote Toltec, civilization on this con- 
 tinent did almost as well as you. 
 
 Will your State perish as theirs did ? I think not. I have con- 
 fidence enough in your State-making to believe that it will last, that it 
 will last as long as our planet lasts, and that you are building for all time. 
 You have what those who went before you could not have. You have 
 the advantage of all that the world has learned and all that the world has 
 done from their time to yours. You may build your canals on the same 
 lines on which they built theirs ; you may use the world-famed adobe, 
 as they did, as the material for your structures ; you may raise the same 
 crops from the same soil and with the same methods of irrigation, but 
 the most important part of a State is not its railways or its canals, its 
 buildings or its systems of irrigation, its temples or its cities — it is its 
 people. (Applause.) The State which is to last must be built upon 
 knowledge and upon character ; and the blood that flows in the veins of 
 the people whom you are summoning from all parts of the civilized earth 
 to your valleys and your mountains has been purified and ennobled by 
 hundreds of the generations who have passed away and left their mark 
 behind since the time of these ancient mound-builders ; and the brain 
 and the nervous system of your people have been clarified and evolved, 
 not only by the knowledge which they themselves have acquired, but 
 still more by that which they have inherited from the acquirements of 
 their ancestors during untold centuries. 
 
 At the beginning I compared you to the Children of Israel, who 
 had to make bricks without straw. Perhaps I was inaccurate. Your 
 land, it is true, was a desert which, as it stood, would produce nothing, 
 
WALTER S. LOGAN. 
 
 but you had your Rio Grande, your Gila and your Colorado, mighty and 
 noble rivers, which, like the Nile, carried untold wealth in their waters • 
 and you had a world of a far wider knowledge and a far more extended 
 civilization than the world of old from which to draw the men and the 
 women with whom you were to people the States that you were building. 
 It is stricter truth to say that you are entitled to the gratitude of mankind, 
 not because you made the straw but because you found it — because you 
 led the way and discovered how to use the wealth of these waters for the 
 benefit of this modern world, and to draw to your land the culture and 
 intelligence of the people who are coming in answer to your call. I don't 
 know as that -modification detracts at all from your honor or your glory. 
 We are proud of you, Brother State-makers, and bid you Godspeed 
 in your great work ; and I assure you whenever it becomes necessary, in 
 order to carry out your plans for the reclamation of the American Desert, 
 that the Marine and Field Club should give another dinner to the 
 Governor of Arizona or to any other fellow like him, we are willing to 
 sacrifice ourselves on the altar of our country, even though the Steward 
 does compel us to confine our libations strictly to American wines. 
 (Laughter and applause.) 
 
''Arizona:' 
 
 Hon. JOHN N. IRWIN. 
 
 I regret that some one more able than I has not been asked to 
 respond to the toast of Arizona. 
 
 About the year 1846, in the United States Senate, in a debate pre- 
 cedent to the admission of Iowa into the Union as a State, some of that 
 great body asked that the western line of Iowa be drawn north and south 
 through a point about where the town of Red Oak, Montgomery County, 
 Iowa, now stands ; the basis for their argument being that west of this 
 imaginary line was a desert. At the Centennial Exposition in 1876, a 
 boring of earth from Red Oak, Iowa, was awarded the premium as the 
 most fertile soil on exhibition there ; and yet this boring was taken from 
 what a great number of the members of the United States Senate supposed 
 was a desert. I speak of this not to hold up the United States Senate as 
 to what it did not know, but to show you how intelligent people can be, 
 and are, mistaken regarding countries of which they have only a superficial 
 knowledge. It is a fair question to ask me, when I stand here advocating 
 the fertility of Arizona, why this fertile soil is not maintaining its hun- 
 dreds of thousands. The question is just, but when I say to you that the 
 American people now ride in Wagner and Pullman Palace Cars, only; 
 that the day of the stage-coach and the ox-team is passed ; that our people 
 are more dainty than their grandfathers ; and when I say to you in this 
 connection, that Arizona is greater in extent than all of New England, 
 with all of New York combined, and has only iioo miles of railroad, you 
 knowing this, and knowing the luxurious habit of the American people, 
 will quickly understand why the sons of America remain in New York, in 
 Chicago and in Boston, rather than encounter the roughness of the desert. 
 
HON. JOHN N IRWIN. II 
 
 We are told that Arizona is the land of ihe desert, the cacti, the 
 rattlesnake, the gila monster, and the Apache Indian. This is true, we 
 have them all, and yet the smallest county in Arizona could contain 
 within its capacious borders the largest ten counties known in the State 
 of New York, and a man could be a resident of any part of Arizona from 
 his cradle to his grave and never see a poisonous reptile any oftener than 
 if his life was spent on Manhattan Island. (Laughter.) The Indian is there, 
 but he is on the reservation provided for him by the Government, and is, 
 on the whole, fairly kept within its lines. Sometimes he breaks out and 
 becomes what is known as a Mug-Wump. The Indian who leaves the 
 reservation is the original Mug-Wump. (Great laughter and applause.) 
 It is the Mug-Wump Indian that causes us all the trouble. (Laughter.) 
 To the miner, prospector, rancher, life is just as safe as it is here in the 
 State of New York. I venture the assertion, knowing that what I say 
 will be deemed a strong statement, with the possibility that what I say 
 may be accused by gentlemen here in the East of having a tinge of the 
 irresponsible and the untrue, — yet I make the statement in its broadest 
 and strongest meaning, that life in the Territory of Arizona, in its towns, 
 its villages, and its farm life, is safer to-day than life in the City of New 
 York. With our population, speaking in its comparative sense, the Ter- 
 ritory of Arizona, despite the fact that you consider it beyond the borders 
 of civilization, has to-day a smaller percentage of its population in the 
 penitentiary than the State of New York. The gila monster, the rattle- 
 snake, the centipede, the tarantula and other reptiles that are used in fun, 
 in fiction, and in earnest, by the Arizona Kicker and other Eastern papers, 
 to frighten away the settler from that country, are as much of a jest 
 among the real settlers of Arizona as is the sea-serpent to the real sailor 
 going out from the port of New York. The life that can be led, and is 
 led, by the American man and woman, by the American family, in 
 Arizona, in its mountains, or in its valleys, is just as pure, just as sweet, 
 as is the life of any American family living in New York or New England. 
 
 Arizona is as large as are New England and the State of New York 
 combined. Imagine this great extent of territory in a compact state; 
 500 miles north and south ; over 400 miles east and west, having only 
 iiDo miles of railroad within its borders. It is this fact, this want of 
 
12 " ARIZONA: 
 
 transportation facilities that makes the Territory of Arizona to-day the 
 least known of all the possessions of the United States. The American of 
 to-day has lost the habit of his grandfather. He is not now the frontiers- 
 man; he believes in the axminster carpet, the electric light, the service 
 and the servant of our so-called modern civilization. That is the reason 
 why you know so little of Arizona. The race of Daniel Boone and of 
 Crocket has changed. Not but what it is the same all-conquering and 
 robber race, but it does its robbing in the great offices of the world, of 
 England and America, or from the elegance of a parlor car, instead of at 
 the muzzle of the old-fashioned rifle. Were it not for these facts Arizona 
 to-day would have a population of 1,000,000 people, as it will have fifty 
 years from now. Like the good old Methodist preacher that follows the 
 circuit rider of the trail-wagon, so does the hardy pioneer of the west 
 follow and settle up the coming countries of the frontier, while the mis- 
 sionaries of Wall Street follow on the trail of the Pullman car. (Laughter.) 
 
 I will tell you what we have: In the first place, there is not a 
 mountain in Arizona that does not contain the precious metal. From 
 Mohave, Yavapai and Coconino in the north, down to Pinal, Yuma, 
 Pima and Cochise in the south, a belt of gold and silver runs, richer by 
 far than ever found in the mines of the fabled Ormus, or of Ind. The 
 traveller is never out of sight of a mountain in Arizona ; and in those great 
 hills, with proper transportation facilities, we have the gold, the silver and 
 the copper that would pave the streets of Manhattan Island from curb to 
 curb. (Applause.) 
 
 It is terrible that all the gentlemen within the sound of my voice to- 
 night do not believe in silver, as it is believed in on the Pacific Slope ; 
 but I merely throw this remark out as a passing suggestion ; that, as all 
 men east and west are perfectly willing to make the Legislature control 
 the price of what they raise, therefore, is it singular that I, coming from 
 the mountains, streaked upon their sides with gold, and silver, and 
 copper, should ask that at least proper legislation would only be fair for 
 the man who, by the labor of his hands and the sweat of his brow, pours 
 into your coffers here the white metal of commerce. But, outside of the 
 domain of the law-maker, the fact still remains, that within the borders 
 of Arizona have existed, and still exist, the greatest mines known in the 
 
HON. JOHN N IRWIN 13 
 
 history of the world. From a plot of God's-acre in that territory, 1,500 
 feet long and 600 feet wide, has come gold and silver enough to buy 
 your Central Park ; and to-day, in that broad land, are being worked 
 mines that you never heard of — which are never quoted on the Stock 
 Market — that net their owners an income ranging from ^^5,000 to ^^50,000 
 per annum, and yet these mines are touched only. We have within our 
 borders in the development of our mining industry, room for the work 
 and maintenance of over a half-million of our people. 
 
 The cattle and sheep industry, it is possible that some of you 
 gentlemen here know something about. What would you think when I 
 tell you that I know of one corporation — and I use the word corporation 
 in its most tender sense, and speak of it lovingly, because I fear some 
 of you here might take oifense at the word (laughter,) — controls over 
 1,000,000 acres of land, upon which are fed 50,000 cattle. This is 
 simply a specimen, and a small specimen it may be, of the cattle farms in 
 Arizona. There is no place in the United States, or in the world, where 
 sheep are so free from disease of any kind as in Arizona. This fact is 
 being recognized ; when I say to you that for the first time, in 1891, in 
 that remote country, from one little valley and one railroad station, 
 ^100,000 was paid out for wool the first year that the sheep were driven 
 into that valley. On its mountains, in its plains, the herds of all 
 America could live and thrive. 
 
 We come now to another matter : It is not hard to make you 
 believe our stories of its mines and its cattle, but when I come to tell 
 you, especially those of you who have traversed the territory on the 
 Atlantic & Pacific, or Southern Pacific Railroads, that every acre you 
 saw from the car windows of the so-called desert, where nothing grew 
 but the cactus, the chuhua, or the mesquite, would produce, with water 
 only, crops of grain and fruit that would reach a greater average per acre 
 than the most fertile soil of the most fertile part of the United States ; 
 when I tell you that in the valley of the Santa Cruz and the Salt 
 River crops of wheat and of barley have been raised by the Indians for 
 a time that runs back beyond the memory even of a tradition, and never 
 one pound of fertilizer has been put upon this soil ; you may be able 
 possibly, to comprehend its richness and fertility. (Applause.) 
 
« ARIZONA: 
 
 The climate of Arizona is especially adapted to the raising of fruit. 
 The citrus belt of the south, situated inland over 500 to 800 miles from 
 the sea, away from the frost, is to-day unequaled, and the trouble expe- 
 rienced in the orange belts of Florida and the slight frosts felt in southern 
 California are to us unknown. The climate of Arizona produces the 
 apricot, the peach, the fig, and the pear, ripened and ready for market 
 at least three weeks earlier than they mature in the garden spots of 
 Southern California. As to the culture of the orange and lemon, the 
 lime and the olive, land superior far can be bought in Arizona at from 
 ^25 to $2>^ per acre to those that are now bringing in California from %i^o 
 to $500 per acre. In other words, the valley of the Salt and the valley 
 of the Gila can lay down an orange at your breakfast-table in New 
 York, four weeks earlier than can the famed Riverside of Southern 
 California. 
 
 I have been asked since my arrival in New York, why we build our 
 houses of adobe when we claim to have so much timber. In one com- 
 pact mass, over 200 miles long and over 50 miles wide in the MogoUon 
 Mountains, we have a forest of timber taller by far than the tallest masts 
 that ever come sailing into New York harbor, bearing their freights from 
 the marts of the world, and yet, in all our valleys and with all this timber 
 almost in sight, we have to pay ;^4o per thousand for rough lumber. 
 This fact alone should appeal to you and to the capitalists of this country 
 to give us facilities for transportation. 
 
 In a it.^ short words let us sum it up : I have lived on the banks of 
 the Mississippi River and seen daily and nightly that great mass of water 
 bear down upon its bosom from St. Paul to New Orleans, the traffic and 
 commerce of an Empire ; I have travelled over New England, over what 
 is known as the Middle States ; I have seen the pine trees of Maine hold 
 their silent and solemn vigil ; I have traversed the prairies of the great 
 West, where the tall grass and waving wheat and tasseled corn holds 
 watch and ward over the granaries of the Nation ; I have seen the cotton 
 and the sugar fields of the south ; and yet I say to you, gentlemen, here 
 to-night, in all earnestness, in all that goes to make truth sacred between 
 gentleman and gentleman, that the valleys of Arizona can produce more 
 to the acre, will be more fruitful to the owner of the soil, and will yield 
 
HON. JOHN N. IRWIN 15 
 
 him a larger income per acre, than any other land that rests under the 
 Stars and Stripes, or listens to the drum-beat of Uncle Sam's domain. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 It is hardly fair for me to close without alluding to the glorious 
 climate of our Territory. I have seen on the streets of Phoenix in the 
 middle of January, the inhabitants dressed in what is called summer 
 apparel; the warmth of the noon-day sun comparing favorably to 
 a beautiful June day on Manhattan Island ; the windows up, the doors 
 open, and nature in its Spring costume. The sanitary conditions are of 
 the very best. It is the home of the invalid. We are far ahead of Old 
 Mortality, and the hand of that great destroyer rarely visits our domain. 
 During the building of the great Arizona Canal, with which our host, 
 Mr. Logan, was for long so successfully connected, there were employed 
 during the two years nearly 4,000 laborers. Death occurred but twice 
 among them. 
 
 I am told that you, gentlemen, here in New York sometimes visit the 
 groves of Monte Carlo. Before crossing the three thousand miles of the 
 ocean to play roulette at Monte Carlo or the illusive baccarat at Tranby 
 Croft, come out to Arizona, where I will guarantee you certain immunity 
 from Yuma, (laughter,) and will show you men who will make you bigger 
 bets, and will lose or win with a more impassive face than any that you 
 ever saw outside of Trinity churchyard. 
 
 There was a man who lived in New York at one time, of great 
 renown in the literary world, who pictured, unknown to himself, the 
 future of the West. Recognize him if you can. You here, on the 
 Atlantic coast, have builded almost to your full fruition. We are in our 
 infancy. Here in the East rise casement and monumental pile, column 
 and architrave, dome and lofty tower. But in its nest upon the earth, 
 unseen and little heard, sits the lowly lark waiting to bear its song up to 
 the sun. Slowly the fabric of the great grows on, and at last is finished, 
 and the cloud-piercing spire is burnished with gold. Then up springs 
 the forgotten lark, with airy wheel to the pinnacle, and, standing poised 
 and unwondering on his giddy perch, pours out his celestial music till 
 his bright footing trembles with harmony. And when his song is done, 
 and mounting thus he soars aloft to fill his exhausted heart at the foun- 
 
i6 ''ARIZONA: 
 
 tains of the sun, the dwellers below look up and shout, not to the gilded 
 shaft, but to the lark lost from it in the sky. 
 
 So it will be henceforth with the American people. So the cities on 
 the Atlantic will look to the coming Empire of the West. 
 
 And when you come there, gentlemen, we will welcome you to the 
 land of sunshine, of silver and of gold, of health and prosperity, the ideal 
 home for the ideal American family. (Applause.) 
 
irrigation: 
 
 HERBERT H. LOGAN. 
 
 Those of you who have never seen the desert and arid lands of our 
 western country should imagine something a thousand times more desolate 
 and worthless to all appearance than the sand foot-hills of your Long 
 Island coast; still, unlike these coast sand hills, enormously rich in all 
 the elements that go to make a soil productive, but deficient in moisture 
 to produce vegetation of any character, — lands which it has often been 
 said will support nothing but the jack-rabbit — covered here and there 
 by cacti, sage and grease brush, with occasionally a stunted growth of 
 mesquite. It is to the arid lands of Arizona that I wish to especially 
 call your attention. 
 
 Irrigation transforms, makes over and creates out of this desolate 
 waste a country more beautiful, more grand and more productive than 
 any other part of God's earth. It makes possible the creation of ideal 
 homes. Imagine for a moment land, twenty acres of which will, in a few 
 years, make the farmer independent ; that will, after three to five years 
 cultivation, bring him an income of three, four and often five thousand 
 dollars per year ; a land that produces every fruit grown outside of the 
 tropics to perfection, where the farmer can pick from his garden the 
 peach from the 20th of May to the first of January, and where all other 
 fruits develop and reach a perfection only known to a Southern or semi- 
 tropical climate. What is true of the peach is true of the pear, the 
 apricot, the prune, the fig, the nectarine, the pomegranate, the grape, the 
 walnut, the almond, the orange, lemon and lime. A land where the 
 orange can be had fresh from the tree every morning in the year, where 
 the strawberry can be grown and will produce out of doors 12 months in 
 
l8 " IRRIGA TION: 
 
 succession ; with a climate reaching ahnost perfection ; where there are 
 eight months as perfect as the most beautiful part of your May and 
 October ; a country of almost perpetual sunshine ; where the Signal Service 
 for a period of ten years gives an average of 340 days without a cloud in 
 sight ; where there are four of the summer months with a heat so dry that 
 it is not oppressive, but giving that perfect development to its products, 
 which is really the wealth of the country ; where barley produces sixty 
 bushels to the acre, wheat forty bushels, and alfalfa eight tons to the acre 
 annually, and is pastured from November until March ; where there are 
 horses and cattle that reach an early development unknown to any but the 
 southern climates, where they are sleek and fat and live upon the green 
 feed twelve months in succession ; where there are colts at four months old 
 that often weigh nine hundred pounds ; where two years gives as perfect a 
 development as three in the more northern sections ; where frequently land 
 under cultivation for three years, costing originally less than $100 per acre 
 will produce for all time a net income of ^200 an acre and upwards; 
 where the profit from the orange and the lemon, the peach, apricot, pear, 
 grape and fig is sufficient upon ten acres to support in affluence a family 
 of five persons ; where these fruits are produced from four to six weeks 
 earlier than in any other point in the United States ; a country where, 
 had our Pilgrim Fathers found their Plymouth Rock there, this Atlantic 
 coast would be to-day a wilderness, and roaming over it would be the 
 native red -man. (Applause.) 
 
 The early canals that commenced the development of these valleys 
 were farmers' canals, built on a co-operative plan, not for profit but by 
 the users of the water. These canals were built along the lower or river- 
 bottom lands and covered usually a few hundred, or at most a few thou- 
 sand, acres. The water system of to-day means the building of great 
 canals that take the water from the mountains and cover the more valu- 
 able foot-hill and upper mesa lands; this is the work of capital. This 
 is being done, 'and with great profit. The great Arizona canal, begun in, 
 the early eighties, forty-two miles in length, thirty-six feet wide on the 
 bottom, fifty-eight feet wide on top, carrying seven and a half feet of 
 water, or forty-six thousand miner's inches, and irrigating about one 
 hundred thousand acres of land, completed in January, 1887, costing a 
 
HERBERT H. LOGAN. 19 
 
 little less than ;^6oo,ooo, has created a value of forty dollars per 
 acre, or over ;^4,ooo,ooo. Of the older canals, when I first visited 
 this country in 1883, the stock was selling at two and three hundred 
 dollars per share; I have since seen paid two and three thousand 
 dollars for the same stock. In the Great Salt River Valley there are 
 now, covered by the water system, about three hundred thousand acres of 
 land and some thirteen main canals, aggregating about three hundred 
 miles in length, and some six thousand miles of lateral ditches, which have 
 cost about two million dollars, and have created a value of upwards of 
 nine millions. In the Great Salt and Gila River Valleys and their tribut- 
 aries about 250 miles in length, and with an average width of about twelve 
 miles, there are about 2,000,000 acres of land susceptible of irrigation. 
 To develop the necessary water-system and prepare it for settlement 
 requires the expenditure of probably upwards of twenty millions of 
 dollars — which will create a value of over ^200,000,000 — and Arizona 
 and her people are going into the markets of the world to raise that 
 money, develop these lands and furnish homes for a million people. 
 
 I would not for one moment lead you to suppose that this is the only 
 irrigated country of value, but I do make the statement boldly, and with- 
 out fear of contradiction, that it is the richest and most productive of all 
 the arid regions, and Arizona and her citizens extend to the rustling, 
 bustling, energetic people of the Atlantic coast a cordial invitation to 
 investigate her resources, and, to such as would better their condition, an 
 invitation to abide with us and help us develop that great and magnifi- 
 cent territory into one of the richest states in the Union. And in 
 behalf of our people I assure you that, should you visit this, the promised 
 land, the garden of the world, the home of sunshine and silver, you will 
 receive a hearty welcome. (Applause.) 
 
''THE WEST AS AN EASTERNER LOOKS AT IT' 
 
 Hon. JOSEPH C. HENDRIX. 
 
 Born in a log cabin, erected by a near relative of Daniel Boone, 
 in the adjoining county in Missouri to that which St. Clair McKelway 
 referred as his birthplace, raised on hog and hominy, a child of the corn- 
 field and the companion of squirrels, you will readily see how appropriate 
 is my selection to respond to a toast calling for a view of the West from 
 an Eastern standpoint. (Laughter.) 
 
 We have had some remarkable stories told here to-night about the 
 Great West, and I have but to present a flash-light photograph of the 
 expression which your faces wore as you listened to them, to reproduce an 
 impression which persists with Eastern people in respect to the far West? 
 namely, an expression of awe, of wonder and of admiration, slightly 
 tinged with incredulity. This Great West, which now deserves the 
 name, seems as remote from the civilization on the banks of my old 
 Missouri River as it does from the whirl of the great metropolis in and 
 about which we live. It would require a keen analysis and a refined 
 power of generalization to present to you any abstraction of that fine 
 quality of Western character which has created amid great difficulties a 
 civilization special and unique, so strongly American, so buoyant, so un- 
 daunted, so conquering, and so unconquerable. We know that a great 
 people is State-building out there. Nevertheless these stories which come 
 from the West are hard to believe. We have to turn them over and over 
 again in our minds to see if they are not filled with the nectar of romance, 
 which, in the revolutions, may spill out. But I suppose seeing must be 
 believing, for we are almost daily thrown into contact with some of our 
 trusted mature and sane citizens, who, after a trip across the plains, come 
 
HON. JOSEPH a HENDRIX. 21 
 
 back infected with the same enthusiasm which the guests of this evening 
 possess in such abundance. 
 
 Strange things come out of this far-away country. We have been 
 introduced to one of them in several of the speeches to-night; and 
 although I am assured that there is a wide familiarity, on the part of a 
 number of gentlemen about this board, with every form of reptile, both 
 those of natural history and those born of an excited cerebral condition, 
 I have yet to learn, and I am disposed not to end this evening without 
 l^eing informed, what is the '* Gila Monster?" What is its habitat? 
 What is its line of business ? Is there a proposition before the house to 
 capitalize it, and if so for how much? (Laughter.) Does it own the 
 secret of this Arizona cocktail which struck us all at the beginning of 
 this feast like one of those blizzards about which we read ? If it be 
 human and acquainted with the formula by which this cocktail is made, 
 I beg to place it in nomination for any office within the gift of the people 
 of New York. (Laughter and applause.) 
 
 But this is not the only strange thing that comes from the West. 
 The Governor of Arizona has presented to your imagination long rows of 
 mountain tops, each marking a gold or silver mine. We think we know 
 something about western mining from an Eastern standpoint, for from 
 the forests of Maine to the lagoons of Louisiana, this country has been 
 pretty well papered with mining shares, the value of which varies with the 
 fluctuations of the waste-paper market. We think a country ought to be 
 prosperous which has absorbed the amount of money represented by con- 
 fiding investors in these Western mines. We know a little something 
 about irrigation here. Haven't we been irrigating the stocks which are 
 sold in Wall Street for years and years ? (Laughter.) Yet we are gazing 
 to-day upon a market as uninviting as an alkali desert. We can only 
 hope that the irrigating plans of the shorter, but not lesser, Logan may 
 be more fruitful in results. Irrigation in Wall Street hasn't made the 
 rose garden which he promises for it in his country. 
 
 But I must mention another strange thing that comes out of the 
 West. Like one of those cyclones, born the good Lord only knows 
 where, and sweeping around in a most eccentric path, doing more or 
 less of mischief and, as far as we are able to learn, no great amount of 
 
22 " THE WEST AS AN EASTERNER LOOKS AT IT " 
 
 good, there comes now and then a financial breeze from mountain height, 
 from valley or from prairie, which, to those of us who stand on the borders, 
 settling exchanges with the old nations of the world, seems most unwel- 
 come. The old Romans were taught to fear the Greeks bearing gifts. 
 About the only fear which we have of Westerners is when they come with 
 their palms crossed with silver, their minds filled with silver, their hearts 
 full of silver, and their appetites on edge for more and for freer silver. 
 Do not wonder if, after listening to your arguments, partaking of your 
 spirit of enthusiasm for your country, confiding in your patriotism, and 
 believing in your honesty, we look with amazement upon the singularity 
 of your views. Remember that we have to deal with the Frenchman, 
 with the German, with the Dutchman and with the Englishman. Re- 
 member that while we are not necessarily obliged to turn up the bottoms 
 of our pantaloons because it is raining in London, we are still compelled 
 to keep our finger upon the great financial pulse which beats there, and 
 which must continue to beat there for years to come. It is when we 
 recognize the fact that we have to settle our exchanges with a people 
 across the water who have still an old-fashioned prejudice in favor of gold 
 that we regard with some degree of alarm, with a positive degree of dis- 
 approval, and with a potent hopefulness that you will yet see the error of 
 your ways, the craze for a free silver coinage. (Applause.) I will not 
 go into arguments. I merely desire to let these good fellows from the 
 West know just where we stand. We are gold bugs. We are in favor of 
 a gold basis, and we do not desire to see the yellow metal expelled from 
 our finances until the nations of the earth come to recognize the commer- 
 cial necessity for the adoption of the inferior coin. We are not prepared 
 to cut loose and go it alone. (Applause.) 
 
 There is no doubt at all, gentlemen, that we are, to a great degree, 
 provincial, even in New York and Brooklyn, and that we have not the 
 large vision, the fervent courage and the sanguine conviction of our 
 Western friends. When I think of reclaiming the great deserts of Arizona 
 by irrigation, I wonder why we should not begin an enterprise of attract- 
 ing population to develop the waste places on Long Island, where there 
 is no need of irrigation and where there is great need and great space 
 for various forms of human industry. If land speculation is the thing, 
 
HON. JOSEPH a HENDRIX. 23 
 
 why not land speculation about these borders near which land may be 
 purchased not far from the figures at which I am informed many acres of 
 Western lands are being sold. 
 
 I join with you all in giving to the Governor of Arizona the assur- 
 ances of our most distinguished consideration. It does us good to come 
 in contact with the fervid spirit of optimism which he has displayed to 
 us to-night. There is a great deal of Mug-Wump leaving of the reserva- 
 tion about us. Men are carping at things because they say they are not 
 as good as they used to be. Men are doleful, men are doubtful. The 
 fact of it is, gentlemen, that we ought to thank God every hour of the 
 day that we are living in these last years of the Nineteenth Century, sur- 
 rounded by such sublime influences, in a country so full of hope, bathed 
 by the sunshine of an advancing civilization, radiant with promise for 
 the human race, for freedom, and for the complete government of the 
 people by themselves, 
 
 " I do distrust the poet who discerns 
 No character or glory in his times, 
 But trundles back his soul five hundred years 
 Past moat and drawbridge, into Castle Court 
 To sing." 
 Let US believe in to-day. Let the bells peal out, the anthems ring 
 and the chimes cheerily send forth our song of confidence: To-day, 
 To-day, To-day ! (Applause.) 
 
ARIZONA'S ELDER SISTER.'' 
 
 BY 
 
 Hon. J. De BARTH SHORE. 
 
 Arizona's elder sister extends greetings of love and affection to her 
 younger sister on these Atlantic shores, and bids her God-speed upon 
 her onward march towards a certain and great destiny. May the tie so 
 long uniting us by common hopes and interest strengthen as the days 
 go by — the twin sisters, the Italy and Egypt of America. 
 
 I have been asked to give my experience on irrigation in California, 
 and to relate some of the lessons taught by such experience. This sub- 
 ject of irrigation is so wide, so full of inspiration, that it is difficult to 
 wisely determine where to commence and where to end. The corner- 
 stone of the fabric of civilization was not laid in cement and mortar, 
 but upon water itself. A surprising statement at the first glance, and yet 
 we know upon reflection that water is the great non-condensible element, 
 that cannot be made to occupy a lesser space than nature's God allotted 
 it, no matter how great the pressure may be. 
 
 The first king of the oldest dynasty of Egypt, Menes, who ruled over 
 the lives and destinies of that people and nation, rose to that position 
 from the fact that he had constructed and put into successful operation the 
 first irrigating canal. Upon the completion of this work, which made 
 men no longer to be the sport of the seasons ; which made it possible 
 that the hopes of yesterday should not be blighted by the realities of to- 
 day; civilization took its start. The certainty of support, the certainty 
 of supplying the demand for bread and butter, gave time for reflection, 
 and the opportunity to man to look above him and consider what he was 
 and what he might become. The rising of the dog star Sirius, which 
 was coincident with the annual inundation of the Nile, established the 
 first recorded form of religion, namely, the worship of the stars. Then 
 followed quickly the science of mathematics and the use of trigonometry, 
 
HON. J. DE BARTII SHORE. 25 
 
 made necessary in order to re-establish the lines that had been destroyed 
 by the deposit of the overflowing Nile. With the production of wealth 
 caused by abundant crops, came the building of the pyramids and the 
 establishing of the great temples of the gods. These were but monu- 
 ments to men's weakness and vanity, and although time is placing its 
 withering hand upon them, the fertility of Egypt's soil remains un- 
 changed, and to-day it is as fertile as it was six thousand years before 
 the Christian Era. And it may not improbably be that some one in the 
 far future, when thousands more of years are added to age of this earth, 
 shall say the same of the irrigable lands of California and Arizona. 
 What God has done in Egypt by His own wonderful hand, He is now 
 calling upon man to do in California and Arizona. 
 
 The time or occasion does not permit of any extended history of 
 irrigation in California, but, as a sample of the whole, let me picture to 
 you my own San Gabriel Valley, now the richest valley in all California, 
 as it was and as it is. I remember well in the early sixties, that standing 
 on the hill on which my home is now located, looking back of me towards 
 the high Sierras, over the plains where Pasadena is now located, and then 
 looking in front of me over the valley of San Gabriel towards the broad 
 Pacific, there were but three or four houses to be seen, besides the little 
 village which surrounded the old mission. Over this entire territory a few 
 small orchards of oranges and lemons, a few circumscribed acres of vines, 
 were all that bespoke man's interference or enterprise. I saw some 
 straggling herds of cattle, whose long and wide-spreading horns sug- 
 gested instantaneous flight rather than closer scrutiny, and a few scattered 
 herds of sheep whose tread caused the dust to rise in volumes almost 
 sufficient to obscure the sun. And this was all ! 
 
 Now looking over the same territory from my piazza, what do I see? 
 Thousands of homes of contented people, the lofty spires of churches, 
 numerous school-houses of large proportions, thousands of acres of well- 
 cultivated orchards and vineyards, a scene of peace, happiness and culti- 
 vation. The magic wand that has produced this wonderful change, 
 like Aladdin's Palace, is Irrigation, with its fructifying waters. At the 
 time I refer to perhaps the entire income derived from the San Gabriel 
 Valley, comprising 200 square miles of territory, did not exceed $50,000. 
 
a6 ''ARIZONA'S ELDER SISTERS 
 
 A greater income than that is now derived from one hundred acres of 
 carefully-cultivated orchards. When I first commenced my irrigating 
 enterprises, land in the San Gabriel Valley was worth not more than an 
 average of eight dollars an acre; now their value is $200 an acre for 
 land having no water, and ;^5oo an acre for irrigated lands. (Applause.) 
 Since I came East a tract of 200 acres without water has been sold at a 
 cash price of ;^3oo an acre. From these lands a revenue is derived more 
 than sufficient to justify these prices. All this is solely the result of 
 scientific irrigation. 
 
 What has been done in the valley of San Gabriel, famous now over 
 almost all the world, can be accomplished in the valleys of the Gila River 
 and the Salt River of Arizona. In these valleys are opportunities for 
 carving out a great many San Gabriel Valleys, equalling, if not sur- 
 passing it ; and this judgment is based upon a careful study of all their 
 conditions of soil, climate and water. The soil is the same ; for the 
 greater part of the year the climate is the same ; and the water supply of 
 these so-called desert plains of Arizona is far greater than the water- 
 supply of Southern California, with which these wonderful results have 
 been accomplished. In one canal alone, the Arizona Canal, there now 
 flows more water than all Southern California possesses south of the 
 Tehichipa mountain. 
 
 There under a kindly sun for the largest portion of the year, with a 
 soil as fertile as the Delta of the Nile, all the products of the temperate 
 and semi-tropical climates find a genial home. Wheat of surprising 
 whiteness and excellence ; barley capable of producing the finest ale ; rye 
 and oats, alfalfa, the orange, lemon and fig, the date, and olive, and the 
 vine ; all flourish in a surprising splendor, which discounts all the enthu- 
 siasm of horticulture or agriculture elsewhere. In the growth of the vine 
 and its consequent production of wines we meet here conditions like 
 those which make Spain famous for its sherries, and Portugal for its ports. 
 
 The utilization of all the unrivaled possibilities of these twin 
 sisters, California and Arizona, the Italy and Egypt of America, and the 
 consequent creation of a wealth almost impossible to conceive, must 
 bring forth a civilization as great as the world has ever known and as 
 lasting as the universe itself. (Applause.) 
 
''IRRIGATION AND THE PRESSr 
 
 BY 
 
 ST. CLAIR McKELWAY. 
 
 Mr. President and gentlemen: — In the hour and a half which has 
 been allotted to me (laughter and applause) I hope to make an able, and, 
 in a double sense, an exhaustive address. I know that I am talking 
 against the ribaldry of those in front and the ceramic clamor of the 
 waiters in the rear ; but, neveirtheless, nothing shall abate my admiration 
 for the glowing, and as he proceeded, the growing, optimism of Governor 
 Irwin. That man sympathizes with his environment. He was not a 
 pessimist in Iowa. He was hopeful in Idaho. He is confident in Arizona. 
 And he is tumultuously enthusiastic in the Marine and Field Club. 
 (Laughter and applause.) Such a man would be in Rome a Catholic ; 
 in Constantinople a Mohammedan ; in St. Petersburg a Greek; in Smyrna 
 a Mussulman ; and everywhere a jolly good fellow. Now to the merit 
 which he has of being a native of Iowa, I want to add my greater merit 
 of having been born in Missouri. The Mississippi greeted the outlook 
 of his infant eyes; the murmurings of the muddy Missouri composed 
 me to my cradled sleep. I was educated in New Jersey, and perverted 
 in New York. I was redeemed in Albany, and sanctified in Brooklyn. 
 (Laughter and applause.) So my geography is far more versatile even 
 than Irwin's. 
 
 I am glad to meet here to-night, among all the other triends, 
 one with whom I met last under peculiar circumstances. I do not 
 refer to the ad interim, the ambiguous, the quasi and doubtful execu- 
 tive of Connecticut, but to the latest, albeit not the last. Democratic 
 governor of that commonwealth, Thomas M. Waller. We have made a 
 compact here to-night. The last time we met was June 24, 1884, in 
 
28 ''IRRIGATION AND THE PRESS." 
 
 Albany, at which time we were members of the committee appointed 
 to notify a great Democrat of his nomination for the presidency. 
 We have agreed to meet next year, either at Sandwich, Mass. , or in New 
 York City, on Madison Avenue or at 15 William Street. [A voice, " He's 
 moved"] — I mean at 15 Broad Street, and to go through the same cere- 
 mony. (Prolonged applause.) 
 
 Thus by a gradual process I approach my toast. (Laughter.) 
 It is entitled ''Irrigation and the Press." Logan is nothing if not 
 sarcastic. It is just now the object of my life to prove that transactions 
 in water have nothing to do with either office-holders or politics as 
 deterrents ; that at most they are errors of the head and not sins of the 
 heart. As to irrigation, having been sitting opposite to Judge Holman 
 of Indiana all the evening I know very little about it. 
 
 As to journalism, I will say that, as I have said before, there 
 are two kinds of journalism in this world — journalism and Brooklyn 
 journalism. (Laughter.) The latter is an acquired taste. I have 
 acquired it. 
 
 It seems that a New York office lawyer can be the unapprehended 
 Daniel Boone of a new commonwealth, if we are to believe all that Mr. 
 Logan says. In Brooklyn journalism there must be a fitness of men to 
 functions. Mr. Logan, who can't tell which end of a gun the bullet 
 comes out of, and who could not hit a squirrel at eighty yards behind 
 Creedmoor sights, is here posing as the Daniel Boone of a territory which 
 a congress of inexcusable political upstarts refuses to admit into the 
 Union. Now to me Mr. Logan has no more right to that title than has 
 Secretary of War Proctor to the title of sculptor, because he owns a 
 marble quarry. An organizer of a canal syndicate, a man who is the 
 arterial font or the active head of a petrified wood factory, cannot pose as 
 a founder of a commonwealth of the future without assuming a posture 
 which bears the character of imposture. However, life is full of sur- 
 prises. It is the unexpected which always happens, and I was much sur- 
 prised by the evolution of this Indian, off the Tammany reservation, 
 into a state-builder. Gentlemen, if he was a state -builder he builded 
 more wisely than he knew, until that glowing picture of Governor Irwin's 
 came out to our widening eyes and our amazed ears. 
 
ST. CLAIR McKELWAY. 29 
 
 Joking apart and bantering to the background, however, let me say 
 that I think that the testimony which is borne here to the moral greatness 
 and the physical magnitude, to the indomitable courage and the match- 
 less resources, to the wonderful present and to the immeasurable promise 
 of the future of our American nation should inspire us all. Those words 
 are spoken by men who know whereof they speak, who have seen all of 
 which they talk, who are a part, and a large part, of what they tell. It 
 is right that these words should lift us above partisanship and above dis- 
 solving lines of difference into a comprehension of our duties as citizens, 
 of our destiny as Americans, and that they should remit to Limbo, to 
 forgetfulness, to nothingness, many of the little problems with which we 
 vex our souls unduly in these times. What is the silver question to the 
 glowing periods of Governor Irwin's tongue? What is the question of 
 the farmers' alliance when Logan proves indisputably that all the found- 
 ers of the oldest states have passed into oblivion ? What is the question 
 of railroad rates against the magnificent distances, the illimitable and 
 innumerable townships and the impassable mountains of Arizona and 
 Colorado ! (Applause.) What is. the question of water, wanting but 
 not wanted here, when brought into relations with the stupendous fiction 
 of irrigation on which the other and not the lesser Logan will enlarge ? 
 
 I thank you for your attention, and with battling desires to catch 
 the next train and yet to hear the other speakers I take my seat. 
 
RESPONSE 
 
 BY 
 
 Hon. THOMAS M. WALLER. 
 
 Much of the pleasant talk to-night has been of a personal character 
 and full of reminiscence. May I follow in this strain? (A voice, ''As 
 much as you like.") 
 
 Our host to-night is of my State, and one of the special guests we are 
 here to honor is of my State also. Their father, the Honorable Seth S. 
 Logan, was an associate of mine for many years in the activities of Con- 
 necticut politics. As I observe the representative men in every distin- 
 guished walk of life who have gathered* here about them, I feel a sort of 
 State pride in regard to the positions the sons of my old friend have 
 achieved so early in their battle of life. One of them brings trophies of 
 his energy and success as a pioneer in Arizona, (applause,) and the other 
 enjoys the honors and emoluments of his profession, won in your midst. 
 (Applause.) These they deserve. If not, they have done the next best 
 thing for a Connecticutian, — they have made us think they deserve them. 
 (Laughter. ) 
 
 Now, Gentlemen, I know nothing about irrigation, the special topic 
 for toasts. There is nothing about this occasion that suggests the useful- 
 ness of water. (Laughter.) But I have shared with you the pleasure of 
 listening to the able address of the Governor of Arizona, and have joined 
 with you in applauding his careful statements and his dignified enthu- 
 siasm about the fertility of the soil when irrigated, and the richness of 
 the mines when developed, of the territory, to the promotion of whose 
 interests he is so loyally devoted. (Applause.) 
 
 The elegant speech of our friend Mr. Hendrix, the popular Ex-Post- 
 jnaster and the successful President of the Kings County Trust Company 
 
HON. THOMAS M. WALLER. 31 
 
 of Brooklyn, delighted us. His wit and humor were so happily blended 
 as to hurt none and please all. He and I are both Democrats and 
 believers in the same cardinal political doctrines of finance and tariff; 
 but the sentiments on the silver question he expresses to-night would not, 
 I regret, be received everywhere within the lines of the Democracy with 
 equal favor, and it is lucky, as he suggests himself, that he is not a can- 
 didate on the silver issue for any office in a silver-producing territory 
 or state. 
 
 I do not think our friends from the West need be much alarmed at 
 the attitude either party takes in New York at present on the silver issue. 
 When the Democratic party comes together in their great National Con- 
 vention in 1892 to nominate the President and to formulate a platform, 
 the local differences of opinion on the silver issue will have to be 
 adjusted. They will concoct at that great gathering (this table furnishes 
 the simile) a financial punch of many mixtures, something will be poured 
 into it from the East, something from the West, and something from the 
 South, and this decoction Mr. Hendrix and I and all other good Demo- 
 crats will take without blinking, and pronounce it good. (Laughter.) 
 We have done so before, and we can do it again. (Laughter.) There is 
 nothing mean about us. (Applause.) 
 
 Our political opponents will undoubtedly waste much of their time 
 in demonstrating our inconsistency on this ''local issue; " but while they 
 are doing this we will be exposing their wickedness on the tariff issue, 
 and this will be really the only substantial issue of the next presidential 
 campaign. Our party can afford to be inconsistent on silver, if they are 
 victorious on the tariff. (Laughter.) 
 
 While my friend Hendrix in his excellent humor was telling of the 
 vast number of mining certificates of stock floating on the market and 
 paying no dividends, the Governor of Arizona in a whisper said to me, 
 '' You must defend mining industries from this facetious attack," and, as 
 Governors ought to stand by one another, I promised to do it. (Laughter.) 
 
 Mr. Hendrix does honor to the energy, ability and progress of the 
 West, but he thinks that the East is an awful sufferer from an over-issue 
 of mining stock. This is undoubtedly so. Some of us have had painful 
 experience in the matter, but the fault is not with the West, — the certifi- 
 
32 HON. THOMAS Af. WALLER. 
 
 Cates are not made at the mines nor by the miners ; the certificates are 
 made in Wall Street, and lawyers, brokers, and financiers and Trust 
 Companies are responsible. While I was in England, I knew of an 
 enterprise that was brought there by an American and sold for twenty 
 thousand pounds. The purchasers floated it upon the market for more 
 than ten times that amount. Was it the innocent American who was to 
 blame for the inordinate inflation ? Is it the Western explorer or miner, 
 selling his discovery and property at a reasonable price, or the Eastern 
 financier multiplying a thousand times the price, and so putting it upon 
 the market, who is responsible for the disaster that follows the too much 
 irrigated scheme ? Will our friend Mr. Hendrix answer the conundrum ? 
 (Laughter.) 
 
 I was a very small boy away back in '49 when gold was discovered 
 in California ; but I remember that the papers I was then selling (the 
 Sun, Tribune and Morning Star) on the streets of New York were so filled 
 with accounts of the discovery of mountains of gold, that I thought gold 
 would not be worth a cent, and, with this apprehension, instead of going 
 with the Star of Empire westward, I went to Connecticut. I went there 
 as to a reformatory school, thinking that when I was good enough I 
 would return to New York and become a New York politician. I have 
 stayed there a good while. I have got over the notion that the influx of 
 gold will destroy the financial system of the world, and I have come to 
 the belief that this country can stand a good deal more American silver 
 in coin. 
 
 I have returned to New York, but only to do business, not to be a 
 politician. I have had some temptation to step into the political waters 
 here, but I have resisted it. I am satisfied that a longer probation is 
 necessary. I am not good enough yet. (Laughter.) 
 
 The success of Mr. Logan, our host, who has never wandered like 
 myself from the path of his profession into the wilderness of politics, 
 convinces me that I have given to politics all the time I can afford. 
 (Applause.) 
 
< THE LAWYER AS A BUSINESS MAN.'' 
 
 HORACE E. DEMING. 
 
 The lawyer and the physician have been the butt of play- writers and 
 novelists from time immemorial ; the former as a pettifogger, the latter, 
 quack ; the one sharp, shrewd, deceitful, but a pitifully small creature, 
 the other equally deceitful but more pompous and opinionated. 
 
 In actual life the lawyer and the physician have alike gained some- 
 what in popular appreciation, but the old traditions still linger, and you 
 will still hear too frequently, from otherwise well-bred and intelligent 
 men, expressions of opinion in regard to lawyers and their calling, as if 
 it were only sharp, unscrupulous men, finding their own prosperity in the 
 troubles and adversities of their neighbors, who constituted the mass of 
 the legal profession. The popular idea of a lawyer is still that of a 
 tonguey, unscrupulous fellow, or it may be, of a man with great but 
 perverted gifts, who spends his life in making the worse appear the 
 better reason. And it has become a popular adage that any business 
 with which a lawyer is connected or of which he has the management is 
 doomed to failure. 
 
 I do not propose to defend or vindicate the lawyer here to-night, 
 but my toast has set going a train of thought so exactly the reverse of 
 one of the traditional notions in regard to lawyers that I propose to make 
 it the subject of the few remarks which I shall make. I maintain that 
 the successful lawyer of to-day is the most successful and able business 
 man of his time. I do not mean this in the hum-drum trading sense. 
 A great lawyer is a poor trader, but he is quick to seize upon the prin- 
 ciples and laws that underlie and control great business operations, and 
 his advice and assistance is more sought to adjust business difficulties, to 
 direct great enterprises, than to conduct litigation or bring law-suits. 
 
 You must bear in mind that it is only within a comparatively recent 
 
34 ''THE LAWYER AS A BUSINESS MAN.'' 
 
 period that ''business" has been anything but traders' work. Business 
 as a science, directed and conducted by master-minds along the lines of 
 a broad and far-seeing policy, is a modern development, and as a natural 
 consequence of this development the great law firms have become the 
 confidential advisers and quasi -partners of hundreds of our most impor- 
 tant business houses. Men with legal training and practice are the suc- 
 cessful managers of many of our most important business enterprises, are 
 sought for as directors of our great corporations ; and in every venture 
 where the power of initiative, or the tactful and efficient management, on 
 a large scale, of men of means are needed, the lawyer finds his oppor- 
 tunity. To create a corner in wheat, to manipulate the stock market, 
 to measure cotton cloth or weigh out sugar and coffee, you need no 
 lawyer, but in the management of great railroads, the consolidation and 
 handling efficiently of great manufacturing interests, the founding and 
 developing of new states, the lawyer is in his element. 
 
 And just as in the old days, little by little, wager of battle was 
 replaced by trial by jury, and a militant civilization gave way to a civili- 
 zation of law and order — in brief the lawyer triumphed — so in more 
 recent times, as commerce and industry have become more and more the 
 characteristics of our advancing civilization, the position and prosperity 
 of the lawyer as a business expert have become more and more assured. 
 He knows not one business merely, but the principles of many businesses. 
 His policy is not narrowed by a myriad of complicating details of a par- 
 ticular business, nor his perception dulled by the myriad pettinesses of 
 daily routine ; but he knows the general laws to which the business must 
 conform, the kind of management which must win. His vision is broad, 
 his judgment catholic, and he has the immense advantage of working for 
 the interests of others. 
 
 The successful lawyer of modern times must be a good business man. 
 The opportunities for the Storys and Choates and Wirts are fewer and 
 fewer. The interests of the new age have created a new demand, and the 
 demand has created a supply in the form of active, alert, clear-ideaed 
 and clear-headed men who will be in the forefront of the civilization of 
 to-day as they have been among the champions of liberty and promoters 
 of peace since history began. 
 
THE MINES OF THE WEST.'' 
 
 LINDLEY VINTON. 
 
 When the European first set foot upon this continent he found a 
 people living by the chase, by such fruits and grain as were the spon- 
 taneous production of the soil or the return of the rudest agriculture. 
 Among these people was no knowledge of mineral wealth, nor did they 
 know of the fashioning of metals. It was only when the adventurous 
 searcher for gold had passed the western slopes that he found the highest 
 civilization of the continent. In Peru, in Central Mexico, and in that 
 Northern Mexico, extending from what is now Chihuahua to the slopes 
 of the Mogollon mountains, were found three separate peoples, varying 
 in their customs, but all showing the highest civilization. Their gov- 
 ernment was a truer socialism than has ever been attained by any of the 
 modern peoples ; and their actual life, considering the material know- 
 ledge of the time, a higher and purer socialism than has ever been 
 dreamed of by Bellamy. In each of these countries the cupidity of the 
 Spaniard saw not the higlier civilization the people had attained, nor 
 did he see their development of the agricultural resources of their sev- 
 eral countries, but only the riches of gold and silver beyond the dreams 
 of the wildest of the adventurers. Not only were the peoples of these 
 countries alike in their government, but alike the agriculture of the 
 lands was conducted entirely by systems of irrigation. Lying in the 
 tropic countries, the rain-fall of the year was so distributed that nature 
 withheld her water when the growing crop needed it most. 
 
 They were further alike in that they had each a knowledge of the 
 precious metals and an appreciation of their value. In these communi- 
 
36 " THE MINES OF THE WEST " 
 
 ties, living by themselves, isolated from the world, gold and silver were 
 known as the precious metals just as in those lands where they had 
 already become the symbols of value and the medium of commerce. 
 
 Of the three, by far the richest in natural resources was that North- 
 ern Mexico, of which the better part came to us in 1847. It was from 
 this district that the Spaniard poured the golden and silver flood into 
 the Mother Country by the shipload, making her the richest country of 
 the earth. 
 
 In those early days the washing and separation of the finer gold was 
 unknown. Their methods of working the mineral from the vein were 
 crude and slow. The gold of the country was the nugget picked up 
 from the river or from the gravel after the rain had exposed it to view. 
 But the ancients only scratched the surface ; their successors, the Jesuits, 
 when the church took possession of all this mineral wealth, following 
 further, have barely opened the mines. As the arid desert of that land 
 yields its fruit only after the hand of man has changed the face of 
 nature, equally does it seem that nature has jealously guarded the min- 
 eral wealth of this whole country. True the Aztecs, and following them 
 the Jesuit priests, and in our later days the Indian, had gathered fabulous 
 wealth from the surface. On Antelope hill four prospectors, stumbling 
 on to an unexplored field found in four days 1,200 pounds of gold on the 
 surface of the ground. True, the single territory of Arizona stands to-day 
 the fifth of the States and Territories of the Union in its production, but 
 the vast wealth not only of Arizona, but of Chihuahua, of New Mexico, 
 and of that whole general region which constituted the old Northern 
 Mexico, lies waiting until the modern skill of man shall attack with larger 
 powers the obstacles that hold her wealth from our grasp. 
 
 In modern mining, water and power are two factors which must be 
 considered equally with gold or silver. The richest mines of this coun- 
 try lie in sections remote from water and from coal, surrounded by the 
 desert where timber cannot grow. In the mountains or in the valley 
 near-by may be the stream which will furnish the water and the power 
 which are the blood and life of the mine. 
 
 Under such circumstances capital must be called upon. Large sums 
 of money must be spent in the preparation for the work. The rivers 
 
LINDLEY VINTON. 
 
 37 
 
 must be dammed and water brought down for hydraulic mining or 
 carried to the wheel, and the power carried over the electric wire to dig 
 the shafts and crush the ore. The mining must no longer be the work of 
 a few individuals seeking to make their fortunes from nothing, but it 
 must become like manufacturing, a field for the employment of capital, in 
 which capital shall seek not a speculative, but a certain return. When 
 these problems are attacked with modern skill and modern means, the 
 power which yesterday was miles from the mine to-day lies at its mouth ; 
 the claim which the ancients abandoned becomes to-day a mine of 
 wealth. 
 
 If the capital of the East and the men with modern ideas are to be 
 interested in this country, they must know that the government is to be 
 stable and honest. The character of the people who are now going into 
 these gardens of which our friends have told you to-night and the char- 
 acter of our honored guest, the governor, are the guarantee that Arizona 
 will be a state where honest enterprise will be welcomed and protected. 
 
LEGISLATION FOR THE TERRITORIES:' 
 
 Hon. JOHN DE WITT WARNER. 
 
 I am pleased to be assured by the depth at which I find my toast 
 buried in the list that you expect very little legislation for Arizona this 
 evening. I am especially glad of this, since it is only after hearing 
 those who preceded me that I have appreciated how much was needed, 
 the appalling total being hinted at in the concise and comprehensive 
 suggestion of our host that it would be the privilege of Congress to do 
 whatever nature had left undone to perfect Arizona and her people. 
 
 It has been my intention to deprecate any attempt to succeed where 
 Providence had failed. But the remarks of the distinguished guests from 
 that State have demonstrated that the Arizona question has a silver lin- 
 ing, not to say a copper bottom; and that it differs from that other 
 region, which from all eternity has clamored for irrigation, in that it has 
 both water and good society. And, as I understand it, these only need 
 to be introduced to each other to make the desert blossom as the rose, 
 bourgeon like the bay tree, and ripen golden apples each month — to be 
 served up in pictures of silver by the words, fitly spoken, of the home- 
 returning Logan. 
 
 It is our theory of government — it is mine at any rate — that Con- 
 gress should interfere as little as possible with the local affairs of our 
 citizens. This plan has two great recommendations — it is easier for 
 Congress ; it is better for everybody else. It is applicable, however, 
 only when the responsibility can be thrown on other shoulders, and the 
 people concerned are given liberty to work out their own salvation or 
 irrigation, as the case may be. 
 
 The case of the territories, however, is a different one. Denying 
 
HON, JOHN DE WITT WARNER. 
 
 39 
 
 them the right to legislate for themselves, we are bound so to legislate for 
 them as to justify the guardianship we retain, and to give a good example 
 to those states which we have allowed to set up their own establishments. 
 And, therefore, not less carefully and particularly than the legislature of 
 a sovereign state considers the wishes and provides for the weal of its 
 citizens, is Congress bound to legislate for the local concerns and provide 
 for the welfare of the dwellers in our territories. 
 
 Don't for a moment consider this as a pledge. It is about the last 
 thing I expect we shall do. But it would be inexcusable should I destroy 
 the unities and break the harmony of this genial gathering by sparing 
 suggestions of philanthropy and statesmanship. 
 
 And I can assure my host and his distinguished guests that we will 
 courageously tackle the great work of aiding them to do all that has been 
 left undone for Arizona; and that we will approach the duty in the 
 grateful reverence of the Cid, who was wont, as you will recall, when- 
 ever a particularly desperate encounter was before him to drop upon his 
 knees and thank the Almighty that he had been thought worthy to have 
 so great a job reserved for him. We will gladly permit her to borrow 
 money from any one who will trust her, we will encourage her in the use 
 of all the water she can find by climbing or digging, until in the crystal 
 stream which shall supersede the Arizona cocktail shall be washed away 
 those visions of nameless monsters, the reports of which have ruined the 
 reputation of the Gila pet ; and recalling her glorious motto of '* Sun- 
 shine and Silver' ' we will do our best to see that it does not degenerate 
 into *' Silver and Moonshine." 
 
'' PROMOTING AS A FINE ART: 
 
 BY 
 
 SALTER S. CLARK. 
 
 In responding to this sentiment, I feel that I can appreciate the 
 feelings of the cashier who at a directors' dinner was seriously asked 
 to respond to '' Larceny in the first degree." Our friend, Gov. Irwin, 
 remarked to me that if he had been given that toast he would have 
 taken the first train home. 
 
 Now of the finesse of promoting I know nothing and have noth- 
 ing to say. I never was a good fisherman. I never knew whether 
 stock at twenty-five or bonds at fifty made the best bait for flat fish — 
 never learned the difference between a fly and a flier — never felt 
 the pull of the hungry but gamey investor. I have left all these things 
 to my friend Mr. Vinton. 
 
 But, seriously, I think we sometimes fail to do full justice to the 
 promoter. He has some good points. By promoters I do not mean the 
 thieves who assume that title. There are thieves in every trade ; and 
 there is more thieving in stock after success than during its promoted 
 period. Outside of the thieves there are of course promoters and pro- 
 moters ; but I am referring to the only kind I have come in close contact 
 with, viz., the kind that keeps its stock, and stays in until the end. It 
 is appropriate to try and find good points in a promoter at an Arizona 
 .dinner, for did you ever see a man from Arizona that was not a pro- 
 moter ? They must catch it from their air. 
 
 In one of the recent magazines is a good short story, by I forget 
 whom, in which there figure two characters, a Spanish Grandee and an 
 American Colonel. The former is represented as a rich, keen, self-con- 
 tained, entirely sophisticated, business man, who has come to New York 
 
SALTER S. CLARK. 41 
 
 on business connected with a new tramway company, which is to lay a 
 tramway in some city of Spain. The other is a tall, smooth, plausible, 
 talking fellow, somewhat out at elbows, whose occupation by day is the 
 selling to fools of worthless shares in ridiculous corporations, and by 
 night cheating at the card-table. The Colonel is perhaps the popular, 
 he is at least the theatrical, idea of the promoter. But the theatre must 
 have strong color, and therefore frequently gives us wrong color. Take 
 the book agent. Some of the best, ablest and most modest men I know, 
 are or have been book canvassers, men whom it is a pleasure to talk with 
 about the books they are selling — men whom it is an honor to know. 
 
 In the first place the promoter is a man the world cannot do with- 
 out. We honor him sufficiently when success arrives, why not before ? 
 Large enterprises are the boast of our civilization. Large enterprises 
 rest upon large combinations of capital, are impossible without. But 
 you never heard of such an enterprise succeeding without the services of 
 a promoter. Archimedes with his lever long enough could move the 
 world, but no matter how long the lever, the world could not be moved 
 without an Archimedes to bring the parts together and apply the power. 
 Promoting is causing things to move, but things do not move with- 
 out a mover ; least of all that laziest of all things, money in the bank. 
 
 Columbus going from one king to another, begging the investment 
 of a small sum in some ships in which to sail around a flat world was 
 only a promoter. Fulton, Stephenson, and many others who could be 
 named, without coming to the living, were as much promoters as they 
 were inventors ; and their inventions would never have been heard of if 
 it had not been for their promoting efforts. A promoter is a proselyter, 
 a preacher. St. Paul was one of the greatest promoters, and not at all a 
 modest one. I have seen preachers who were as anxious for their own 
 promotion as for the spread of the Gospel. i*4to«irt, 
 
 Again the promoters give to the world its most vivid and useful 
 example of energy and perseverance. Have you ever tried to float a new 
 company ? Have you ever tried to put value into strips of paper you 
 have printed yourself? Do you know how near to the edge of failure 
 the most meritorious enterprise may come, and how long it may stay 
 there ? I have some friends who have done it with a Mexican mine. 
 
PROMOTING AS A FINE ART. 
 
 The faith and energy that move mountains is not enough to keep inves- 
 tors moving. And usually it all depends on the energy of one man. 
 
 Another respect in which the popular idea is wrong is that the pro- 
 moters' stock in trade must be lies and lies, and nothing else. Honesty 
 in prospectuses, truth in reports, sincerity, simplicity — they are plain 
 old things, but I am convinced that they are the best stock in trade for 
 the promoter. Perhaps there are those who have not ascended to that 
 higher sphere of promoting — but I have seen it tried, and I am con- 
 vinced that, whether there is any other or not, this is a trade in which 
 honesty is really the best policy. 
 
 But of all places, Arizona must have naught to say against promo- 
 ters. When "Arizona As It Is" shall have become "Arizona As It 
 Will Be," let us hope that her promoters, her missionaries to the East, 
 to whom she will owe it all, will get their due in honor and substance. 
 And I do not fear about the latter, for I believe the promoter usually 
 sees to that himself, often in advance. 
 
BEAR VALLEY.'' 
 
 CHARLES N. JUDSON. 
 
 Two things make Bear Valley, in Southern California, worthy of 
 attention. The first is its peculiar character as an engineering enterprise, 
 and second is its immediate connection with the successful working out 
 of the irrigation problem. 
 
 Bear Valley is situated in the San Bernardino Mountains, some 
 twelve miles as the crow flies from Colton on the Southern Pacific Rail- 
 road, and some fifty miles in a direct line from the port of San Diego on 
 the Pacific. It forms the head waters of the Santa Anna River, which, 
 debouching from the mountain range upon the head of the San Bernar- 
 dino Valley, runs (or would run, if it were not used up in irrigation) in 
 a somewhat irregular course to the ocean. Until within the past decade 
 this San Bernardino Valley contained a somewhat limited area of irri- 
 gated lands, watered by the Santa Anna River. It will be readily under- 
 stood that the natural flow of this river is very much reduced in the dry 
 season, and that the largest amount of land capable of being irrigated is 
 measured by the largest amount of water at the minimum flow. So that 
 the acreage of tillable land was small and of inconsiderable importance 
 in the great fruit-producing state. 
 
 A New-Iiaven-educated boy conceived the idea that the waters of 
 the Santa Anna River might be stored at its source in the winter, the 
 time of flood, and let loose to do the business of irrigation when needed. 
 He constructed a dam at the most available place in the mountains. 
 This dam was built upon the theory that the pressure of water upon a 
 dam might be met just as a bridge is supported by an arch upon its piers ; 
 and so it was built. Experienced men doubted the success of the plan, 
 
44 " BEAR VALLE V. 
 
 but events have shown that it was not ill-conceived ; and the result has 
 been that, by means of gates, flumes, and pipes, sufficient water has been 
 stored and properly distributed to irrigate thousands of acres where 
 before only hundreds had been irrigated. 
 
 The value of this irrigation is well brought out by the history of a 
 litigation before the United States Land Office. Early in the eighties, 
 one E. G. had pre-empted land under the Homestead Act (i6o acres in 
 the Valley). This land at that time appeared to be substantially valueless. 
 At any rate, so much so that no man had previously thought it worth 
 while to pre-empt. E. G. was a bachelor, and while he was obliged to 
 live on his claim, /. e., have a house, furniture, and sleep there, he 
 needed somebody to cook for him, and so boarded at the only other 
 house within several miles. At that time the irrigation scheme had 
 just begun to bud in the minds of E. G. and his fellow-adventurers. 
 The land in the neighborhood had given no more signs of its possible 
 future than Coney Island 20 years ago; and other than E. G.'s shanty 
 and his plowed field, and his boarding house, there wasn't a sign of 
 domestic life, or agriculture, or of commerce for several miles. But 
 a little water thrown upon the land demonstrated its possibilities, and 
 awakened envious thoughts. So one fine day an adventurous nomad 
 proceeded to ''jump" E. G.'s claim, t. e., to locate upon it himself, 
 under the claim that E. G. was not a bona-fide homesteader. Hence, 
 arose a dispute in the Land Office which, after the ordinary methods of 
 litigation, consumed several years in its march and finally reached the 
 Commissioner, who decided against E. G., substantially on the ground 
 that the Homestead Act was not intended to allow city lots to be taken 
 up as homesteads. In other words, in the three or four years which had 
 intervened between the original pre-emption of E. G. and the decision of 
 the Land Office, the irrigated county had grown so fast and had become 
 so valuable that what was originally considered not worth taking, was 
 worth from $500 to $1,000 an acre. This tract is now in the centre of 
 the City of Redlands. To speak more precisely in years, in 1878-9 
 there was not a house upon this tract ; in 189 1 the Citrograph, a weekly 
 paper published at Redlands, reports the number of scholars attending 
 school from that district alone as upwards of four hundred. It may be 
 
CHARLES N. JUDSON. 45 
 
 said here that the Land Office finally reversed itself on the further show- 
 ing, that at the time E. G. pre-empted the land in question there was no 
 city about it, and that the place had in the intervening time simply made 
 a phenomenal growth. 
 
 To sum up the matter, and to show what irrigation can accomplish, 
 it is sufficient to say that upon a tract of land utterly without inhabitants, 
 without a single building, and without apparent capacity to produce even 
 the cactus, there has in ten years grown to be a city of more than five 
 thousand people, and land which was then worth nothing, or at most a 
 dollar or two an acre, is now worth from one to two thousand dollars. 
 
 The deduction from all this is plain : If the capacities of Arizona 
 and its irrigating facilities can in any way be compared with those of 
 Southern California and Bear Valley, all that has been said about it by 
 its governor and the brother of our host is not one word too much. 
 
THE GILA monster: 
 
 Prof. GEORGE A. TREADWELL. 
 
 You have heard enough of the beauties of Arizona. Let me cool 
 you off with one of the horrors. 
 
 The Gila Monster {heloderma horridutn) is a lizard, and belongs to a 
 very old family, being one of the Saurian tribe of the Jurassic period, a 
 race fast becoming extinct. Neglected in the deserts of Arizona, he first 
 became known some years ago when I had the pleasure of introducing 
 him to the scientific world. Like other members of old and neglected 
 families his juice has grown sour with age ; he is the only member of the 
 lizard tribe which is poisonous. 
 
 The Gila Monster usually grows to fifteen or eighteen inches in 
 length and three inches across the back, weighing from five to seven 
 pounds. The head resembles that of a large snake, while the body is 
 puffed out into a big pouch which touches the ground even when the 
 animal is standing erect on its four black legs, that measure about four 
 inches in height. The tail is from five to seven inches in length and 
 about one and one-half inches in diameter, being the same size through- 
 out and terminating abruptly. 
 
 The color of our pleasant little friend is like that of the rattlesnake, 
 black figured on yellow. The entire body is covered with a very hard, 
 bead-like scale, and the eyes look just like jet black beads. The mouth 
 is large and strong and black ; having a tongue of the same hue, flat 
 and forked. The teeth, set not very close together, are about half an 
 inch in length, very slim and sharp, and having curious fissures, at the 
 base of which there are small dents or openings from which the saliva 
 flows. 
 
PROF, GEORGE A. TREADWELL. 47 
 
 Its motions are slow and sluggish ; in this respect differing entirely 
 from the lizard tribe in general. It is a slow traveller, and drags its 
 heavy tail, leaving a trail, which in a sandy soil is easy to follow along 
 the ground to its hiding place, usually under a low bush. If you feel 
 so inclined, you can easily and safely capture it, by quickly seizing it 
 by the neck, as it cannot turn its head far enough to bite a handy 
 gripper. 
 
 Many have concluded from its sluggishness that it is harmless, but 
 this is a mistake. Sometimes it is not easily provoked ; but at other 
 times it is extremely irritable ; and often when enraged it will attack 
 everything within its reach, hanging on with a vice-like grip. When 
 alarmed, the reptile opens its mouth and darts out its forked tongue as a 
 snake does, hissing like a goose. 
 
 But the interest in the Heloderma centres in the poison that is 
 supposed to lurk in its bite ; and perhaps no animal has given rise to so 
 many weird and wholly imaginary stories. The Mexicans and Indians go 
 so far as to believe its breath to be virulent, but scientific experiment has 
 so far failed to substantiate this. There is no doubt, however, about 
 the poisonous quality of its peculiar blackish saliva. Drs. Mitchell and 
 Reichert of Philadelphia injected a minute quantity into a live pigeon, 
 which died in nine minutes. A frog, bitten by a Gila Monster which I 
 had sent to Sir John Lubbock, the banker-naturalist of London, in 1882, 
 died in convulsions in a few minutes. This specimen, which was the first 
 live specimen ever in Europe, may have been a little hungry, for he had 
 made the journey to London in a tin box, eating nothing for a month. 
 He is now in the London Zoo. In 1887 a man was bitten at Fairbank, 
 Ariz. , but, in spite of speedy medical aid, died the following day. And 
 yet poisoning does not always follow the bite. My friend. Prof. W. E. 
 D. Scott, had one as a pet in his family, until the pet bit the maid, as 
 she was feeding him with raw ^gg^ — the only food, the animal will take 
 from the hand of man. I believe she still exists, however. 
 
 The poison of the Heloderma is alkaline ; that of snakes acidulous. 
 Their physiological action differs also, the former attacking the heart, 
 slowly contracting and paralyzing it, the latter paralyzing the respira- 
 tory centres. 
 
48 
 
 « THE GILA MONSTER. 
 
 Perhaps the addition of some Gila Monster poison to the Arizona 
 cocktail could not have increased the peculiar zest of that combination, 
 as we have tested it to-night ; but I assure you scientifically that it would 
 have rendered us ** all petrified, gentlemen — all petrified." 
 
 I beg your pardon, gentlemen, for attempting any serious remarks 
 on such an occasion as this. 
 
^