,-. A TIBETAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY WITH SPECIAL BEFERENCE TO THE PREVAILING DIALECTS. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN ENGLISH-TIBETAN VOCABULARY. BY H. A. JASCHKE. LATE MORAVIAN MISSIONARY AT KYELANG, BRITISH LAHOUL. PREPARED AND PUBLISHED AT THE CHARGE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL. LONDON 1881. PREFACE. This work represents a new and thoroughly revised edition of a Tibetan-German Dictionary, which appeared in a lithographed form between the years 1871 and 1876. During a residence, which commenced in 1857 and extended over a number of years, on the borders of Tibet and among Tibetan tribes, I and my colleagues gathered the materials for this Dictionary. We had to take primarily into account the needs of missionaries entering upon new regions, and then of those who might hereafter follow into the same field of enterprize. The chief motive of all our exertions lay always in the desire to facilitate and to hasten the spread of the Christian religion and of Christian civilization, among the millions of Buddhists, who inhabit Central Asia, and who speak and read in Tibetan idioms. A yet more definite object influenced my own personal linguistic researches, in as much as I had undertaken to make preparations for the translation of the Holy Scrip- tures into the Tibetan speech. J approached and carried forward this task by way of a careful examination of the full sense and exact range of words in their ordinary and common usage. For it seemed to me that, if Buddhist readers were to be brought into contact with Biblical and Christian ideas, the introduction to so foreign and strange a train of thought, and one making the largest demands upon the character and the imagi- nation, had best be made through the medium of a phraseology and diction as simple, as clear, and as popular as possible. My instrument must be, as in the case of every successful translator of the Bible, so to say, not a technical, but the vulgar tongue. Thus, in contrast to the business of the European philologist, engaged in the same domain, who quite rightly occupies himself with the analysis and commentary of a lite- rary language, the vocabulary and terminology of which he finds mainly deposited in the speculative writings of the Buddhist philosophers, it became my duty to embrace every opportunity, with which my presence on the spot favoured me, to trace the living powers of words and of expressions through their consecutive historical applications, till I reached their last signification in their modern equivalents, as these are embodied in the provincial dialects of the native tribes of our own time. These circumstances, it is hoped, will excuse and explain the system of my work. As an inventory of the whole treasure of the language, as a finished key to its lite- rature, this Dictionary, when judged by the high standard of modern lexicography, may seem inadequate ; I have, for instance, been unable to consult, much as I could have wished to have done so, all the original and translated treatises in Tibetan which, down to the present, have appeared in Europe, and the reader of a Tibetan work may thus, here and there, look in vain for the assistance he expects. On the other hand, a consistent attempt is here made for the first time, 1. to give a rational account of the development of the values and meanings of words in this language; 2. to distinguish precisely the various IV transitions in periods of literature and varieties of dialect; 3. to make sure of each step by the help of accurate and copious illustrations and examples. I have done my utmost to arm^e at certainty where, heretofore, much was mere guess-work, and I cherish the hope that, from this point of view, my contribution will be welcomed by the comparative philologist, and will be serviceable to the general cause of learning, as well as a useful volume within that narrower circle, whose requirements I was specially bound not to overlook, of persons whose main purpose is to be taught how to write and speak the mo- dern Tibetan tongue. There are two Chief periods of literary activity to be noticed in studying the origin and growth of Tibetan literature and the landmarks in the history of the language. The first is the Period of Translations which, however, might also be entitled the Classical Period, for the sanctity of the religious message conferred a corresponding reputation and tradition of excellence upon the form , in which it was conveyed. This period be- gins in the first half of the seventh century, when Thonini Sambhota, the minister of king Srongtsangampo, was sent to India to learn Sanskrit. His invention of the Tibetan alphabet gave a twofold impulse: for several centuries the wisdom of India and the in- genuity of Tibet laboured in unison and with the greatest industry and enthusiasm at the work of translation. The tribute due to real genius must be awarded to these early pioneers of Tibetan grammar. They had to grapple with the infinite wealth and refinement of Sanskrit, they had to save the independence of their own tongue, while they strove to subject it to the rule of scientific principles, and it is most remarkable, how they managed to produce translations at once literal and faithful to the spirit of the original. The first masters had made for their later disciples a comparatively easy road, for the style and contexts of the writings, with which the translators had to deal, present very uniform fea- tures. When once typical patterns had been furnished, it was possible for the literary manufacture to be extended by a sort of mechanical process. A considerable time elapsed before natives of Tibet began to indulge in compositions of their own. When they did so, the subject matter, chosen by them to operate upon, was either of an historical or a legendary kind. In this Second Period the language shows much resemblance to the modern tongue, approaching most closely the present idiom of Central Tibet. We find a greater freedom in construction, a tendency to use abbreviated forms (thus the mere verbal root is often inflected in the place of a complete infinitive), and a certain number of new T grammatical combinations. The present language of the people has as many dialects, as the country has provinces. Indeed, as in most geographically similar districts, well nigh every separate mountain valley has its own singularities as to modes of utterance and favourite collocations of words. Especially is it interesting to note, in respect to pronunciation, how the old consonants, which would seem to have been generally sounded and spoken twelve centuries ago, when the Tibetan written character came into existence, and which, at any rate, are marked by the primitive system of writing, remain still extant; every one of them can still be disinterr- ed, somewhere or other, from some local peculiarity of language, and thus even the very diversity of modern practice can be made to bear testimony to the standards imposed by what was termed above the Classical Period. (Compare my Essay on the Phonetic System of the Tibetan language in the Monthly Reports of the Royal Academy of Science at Berlin 1867, p. 148 etc.) I have already adverted to the circumstances which, especially in the case of the student, who has for immediate object to learn how to read and write the Tibetan language, render existing dictionaries almost if not quite useless. They give but scanty information concerning modes of construction, variations and limits of actual application , shades of meaning etc. In my own case, I was forced from the beginning to compile my own German-Tibetan dictionary, and found myself for all practical purposes thrown back upon my own resources. But the cause of truth appears to require a further word or two in regard to the Lexicon by Professor I. J. Schmidt of St. Petersburg, the relation of that work to its predecessors having been left by its author in some obscurity. The first Tibetan dictionary, intended for European students, was published atSeram- pore, as long ago as 1826. It contains the collections, amassed in view of a dictionary and grammar, by a Roman Catholic missionary, who was stationed in eastern Tibet or close to the frontier in Bhotan. There was nothing to assist him, except the scanty con- tributions, given by Georgi, in his Alphabetum Tibetanum. He had to cope with an entirely unworked language. He evidently took the one way possible of making acquaint- ance with it, sufficient to enable him to understand, to speak, to read and write. Each word or sentence was jotted down, as soon as it was heard, or was committed to writing, at the request of the learner, by some native expert. After a while, the attempt could be made to master a book. In the instance of our missionary, Padma Sambhava's book of legends appears to have been selected, a work which represents rather a low level of li- terature, yet just on that account, perhaps, as a specimen of popular and current literature, not unsuitable to start from. Then, step by step, as best he could, our missionary had to possess himself of some abstract views, which would serve as a preliminary basis for a grammar. And had it been granted to this first occupant of the field to reduce his materials to an ordered system and to prepare them himself for publication, it is possible, that in Europe the knowledge of the Tibetan language might have reached, some fifty years earlier, the stage at which it has now arrived. The very name of that Roman Catholic missionary, however, has been lost. The papers which he left behind him, unsorted and unsifted, came into the hands of Major Latter, an English officer, and were passed on by him to Mr. Schroter, a missionary in Bengal. English was substituted for the Italian of the manuscript, and the East India Company made a grant which defrayed the cost of the Tibetan types and the further expenses of printing. But there was no Tibetan scholar to correct the proofs. The author himself would doubtless, on reconsideration, have detected and dismissed much erroneous or unnecessary matter. As it was, many additional mistakes crept in during the passage through the press. Thus the work, though it has a richer vocabulary than can be found in the later dictionaries, cannot on any questionable point be accepted as an authority, and has only value for those who are al- ready competent, for themselves, to weigh and decide upon the statements and interpre- tations it advances. I have not been able to extract from it much that was serviceable to me. Nevertheless, any one who knows by experience what time and toil such a work must have cost, though its design remained unfulfilled and its object unaccomplished, will not easily be able to repress his indignation at the tone, in which this book in the preface to his Grammar (p. VI) is recklessly and absolutely condemned by Professor Schmidt. High praise, however, is awarded by the Professor to a second work, the Tibetan- English Dictionary by Csoma de Koros, which appeared in 1834. This work deserves all eulogy; but the Professor's manner, which imitates that of a master commending a pupil, is, though on other grounds, as unwarranted and as offensive in this as in the former case. The work of Csoma de Koros is that of an original investigator and the fruit of almost unparalleled determination and patience. The compiler, in order to dedicate him- self to the study of Tibetan literature, lived like a monk for years among the inmates of a Tibetan monastery. It is to be regretted that, with the knowledge he certainly must have possessed of the later language and literature, he should have restricted the scope of his labours to the earlier periods of literature, and when in his Grammar conversational VI phrases are quoted as examples, they are almost without exception in the dialect of the Kangyur, and of little practical value. This Tibetan-English dictionary by Csoma has been adapted for a German public by Professor I. J. S chmidt of St. Petersburg. The translation from English into German is good; in the general alphabetical arrangement improvements have been introduced, and such as are in conformity with the spirit of the language ; moreover, three Mongolian dictionaries have been consulted, and from these a certain number of words have been sup- plemented. But it cannot be said that even on the work of revision Professor Schmidt has bestowed much pains. For example, Csoma's rough grouping of words under the prin- cipal headings is left unaltered, though here especially a reduction to alphabetical order was obviously required. Mistakes and superfluities, very pardonable in the case of a first issue of an original publication, are repeated in this translation, and these cannot be so readily overlooked and condoned, when they are made at second hand, and are sanctioned and subscribed to by one, who has assumed so severe a critical and editorial attitude. The national dictionaries of Tibet itself, so far as I have met with such, are either little haadbooks, meant only to furnish a correct orthography, or they are glossaries of antiquated forms. The absence of an alphabetical order in them makes the business of reference very troublesome. It is by great good luck that one sometimes finds an other- wise unknown word after a prolonged search. My own dictionary, in the main, pursues the object and accepts the plan of the work, which was published by Mr. Schroter. As I said at the beginning, I have not restricted myself to the Classical Period, but I have endeavoured to deal with the Tibetan language as a whole, though I do not pretend to have performed this task exhaustively. My dic- tionary derives its matter and its principles, so far as possible, equally from the literature and from the speech of the people. Each word has been made the object of observation in its relation to the context as it occurs in books , and in its value and place among others when it is used in common conversation, and then the attempt has been made to define its range and to fix its meaning. All the words, cited by Csoma and Schmidt, even such as I myself had never seen or heard, I have embodied in this work, stating, in each case, the source from whence I drew them. The signification in Sanskrit has been added, whenever this seemed likely to be useful or interesting to the student of Tibetan literature. Of proper names only the most important are given. The great number of diacritical marks will perhaps prove irksome to the English reader; yet, they were not to be dispensed with, if the pronunciation of Tibetan letters and words was to be represented with any degree of exactness, and the method of Prof. Lepsius seemed the most eligible among all the systems available for my purpose. The student, however, need not be disheartened, as he is not obliged to make himself acquaint- ed with all the minutiae of the system, but need only direct his attention to the peculiari- ties of that dialect, within the limits of which his inquiries, for the time, are confined. And by-the-by it may be observed, that the multitude of little marks, of manifold descrip- tion, cannot be startling to the Indian reader, who was ever necessitated to make himself familiar with systems quite as complicated, as e.g. the Urdu alphabet. One word more of apology. Of publications in general it has been said, that "when human care has done its best, there will be found a certain percentage of error". And the probability is but too great, that this dictionary will exhibit a number of defi- ciencies and faults, in the English text as well as in the Tibetan transcript. Still, I ven- ture to hope that an indulgent Public will be ready to make every reasonable allowance. in consideration of the peculiar difficulties, which attach to the execution of a work like the present, and which, moreover, were not a little increased, in this instance, by the fact that the compositors of the press were altogether unacquainted with English. I should be guilty of great ingratitude, if I were not to mention my obligations to two friends, without whose kind and efficient aid it would have been impossible for me, in my present infirm state, to complete this work, which was commenced in the days of health and vigour, viz. to the Rev. T. Rei die It, formerly a Missionary of the Moravian Church in, South Africa, and to Mr. F. W. Petersen, a relative of mine. Further, I desire to record ray obligations for various acts of kindness, encouragement, assistance and advice, during the prosecution of my researches and the completion of my work, to A. C. Burnell Esq. M. R. A. S., in India; Dr. E. Schlagintweit in Bavaria, Dr. Thomson and Dr. Aitchison of Kew, Dr. Kurz of Calcutta, and R. Laing Esq. M. A., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Not the least debt of gratitude is that which I owe to Dr. R. Rost in London, Secre- tary of the Royal Asiatic Society, to whose exertions, indeed, the execution of this work is, properly speaking, entirely due, inas much as he kindly interested the Indian Govern- ment on behalf of my undertaking. Herrnhut, January 1881. H. A.J. INTRODUCTION. I. THE TIBETAN ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. The names of all the Consonants sound in a, pronounced like the a in the English word 'far'. Tj ka pronounced like the French c car $J ma mart P Ka like the English c or k cart *f\ ga harder than the English (hard) g na ng pang \5 ca the soft English g ginger cB ca ch chart 5> j jar 9> 7M/a the French gn campagne 5 ta the French t tard ] fa the English t tart ^ da dart <5 wa nard ] pa the French p pas S$ pa the English p part ^ ba bard *) x fea (ts) parts cb fsa (aspirated) E( cfea (ds) guards Q m waft (j za (zh) like the English s in leisure 3 za like the English z zeal Q\ . (basis for vowels) | *) ya yard ^ **) ? rasp OJ ^a last W^ sa (sh) sharp $J sa salve ^ Aa half t^J 'a (basis for vowels) 2/0, when combined, as second consonant, with k- and p-sounds, or with in, is written under the first letter, assuming the shape of ^, thus Q %a, J pya, 5J mya etc. **) a; ra -> wnen combined as second letter, with k-, t- and p-sounds is written under the first, in the shape of -j, thus: ^1, kra, ^ tra, ^ bra etc. When com- bined with another consonant as first letter, it is written over the second, thus: ff] rka, ^ rha, 5 rda etc., but it is seldom heard in speaking. The so-called Sanskrit Cerebrals are represented in Tibetan letters by ^, P, ^, ^>, p, IX and when in this dictionary they are transcribed, they are marked by a dot underneath : *, /, d, n, s. The figure < (wa-zur or small wo) attached to the foot of a letter, is often used to distinguish homonyms in writing , e.g. & fsa hot and 3> fsa (fswa) salt. The dot, which stands at the end of every syllable and of every word, is called Tseg (fseg) and is indispensable for a correct writing or reading. When ^H stands as a prefix, it is, when transcribed, represented by y, e.g. ycig, ^]^^ ytam etc. VOWELS. The alphabetical order of the vowels is: a, i, u, e, o; they have in Tibetan the same sound as they have in German, Italian, and most other European languages: a sounds like the English a in 'far', i like ee in 'peer' or i in 'pin', u like u in 'rule' or in 'pull', e like a in 'fate' or e in 'met', o like o in 'note' or in 'not'. As the vowel a is inherent in every consonant, so that even a single letter may form a word, e.g. ^* ba (cow), $!* sa (earth), there is no special character or letter required for this vowel. The other four vowels are represented by little hooks, ^ standing for *, ^ for M, "^ for , ~^ for o. The marks for i, e, o are placed over the letter, that for u under it. Examples: K*&T pad-ma, *\ ri, $|" me, ^*&f bu-mo. The letter ^ is used as a basis for initial vowels, thus-^ {T$T 'a-ma; the letter Py serves as a basis for initial and final vowels : CyJ* ^o-ma, ^K-V dga. The vowel-sounds of P^, when transcribed, are indicated by the mark : P^a, P^, P^w, P^ < ^, W^ < o, whilst the l^-vowels are denoted by the mark ' placed over the re- spective letters: IJ 'a, iS) V, ^ X ^ '^ ^ 'o. The real nature of the letters P^ and !{ is treated of in the latter part of the Introduction. Whenever P^ is a prefixed letter, the mark o, in transcribing, is put under the con- sonant following the P^ e.g. P^ O du, Note. For a ready 'finding of words' in the Dictionary, it should be borne in mind, that the articles are arranged in the alphabetical order of the initial consonants and their prefixed and superscribed letters. Thus: TJ ^T| ^T| fh a S_ . etc. etc. II. PRONUNCIATION. With regard to the language, with which I am dealing, it must, on the one hand, be admitted, that distinctions between sounds and, especially, variations in the mode of expressing their values as embodied in a written character, are far more numerous in Tibetan than either in Sanskrit or Hindi, in which two languages there is really little or no opening for mistake or ambiguity in this respect. But on the other hand, Tibetan is INTRODUCTION. I. THE TIBETAN ALPHABET. CONSONANTS. The names of all the Consonants sound in a, pronounced like the a in the English word 'far'. ^ ka pronounced like the French c car 5J ma mart P Ka like the English c or k cart ^ ga harder than the English (hard) g C; no, ng pang x$ ca the soft English g ginger cS ca ch chart 5 > j jar ^ nya the French gn campagne 5 ta the French t tard | fa the English t tart *s t?a dart fsa hot and cb fsa (fswa) salt. The dot, which stands at the end of every syllable and of every word, is called Tseg (fseg) and is indispensable for a correct writing or reading. When ^| stands as a prefix, it is, when transcribed, represented by /, e.g. ycig, ^^ ytam etc. VOWELS. The alphabetical order of the vowels is: a, i, u, e, o; they have in Tibetan the same sound as they have in German, Italian, and most other European languages: a sounds like the English a in 'far', i like ee in 'peer' or i in 'pin', u like u in 'rule' or in 'pull', e like a in 'fate' or e in 'met', o like o in 'note' or in 'not'. As the vowel a is inherent in every consonant, so that even a single letter may form a word, e.g. ^' ba (cow), $f sa (earth), there is no special character or letter required for this vowel. The other four vowels are represented by little hooks, ^ standing for t, ^ for u, ^ for , ~^ for o. The marks for *', 0, o are placed over the letter, that for u under it. Examples: J^*&T pad-ma, t\ ri, &|* me, ^T^f bu-mo. The letter tfj is used as a basis for initial vowels, thus-; t^'&T 'a -ma; the letter (^ serves as a basis for initial and final vowels: Q^J" ^o-ma, ^^P\ dga. The vowel-sounds of ^, when transcribed, are indicated by the mark < : ^ ^\ < e i \ <> whilst the lJ -vowels are denoted by the mark ' placed over the re- spective letters: l^| 'a, lls 'i, ^ 'u, I^| 'e, D^ 'o. The real nature of the letters f^and I?! is treated of in the latter part of the Introduction. Whenever (^ is a prefixed letter, the mark o, in transcribing, is put under the con- sonant following the Q^ e.g. Q^ O c?w, Q]^" ^ro-ba. Note. For a ready 'finding of words' in the Dictionary, it should be borne in mind, that the articles are arranged in the alphabetical order of the initial consonants and their prefixed and superscribed letters. Thus: TJ 57T] pTj A oj ^ . ra_jra_Qm_ etc. etc. II. PRONUNCIATION. With regard to the language, with which I am dealing, it must, on the one hand, be admitted, that distinctions between sounds and, especially, variations in the mode of expressing their values as embodied in a written character, are far more numerous in Tibetan than either in Sanskrit or Hindi, in which two languages there is really little or no opening for mistake or ambiguity in this respect. But on the other hand, Tibetan is scarcely more irregular than French pronunciation, and a few definite rules enjoy univer- sally recognized acceptation. There is, however, one special difficulty in the case of Tibetan which, at the present stage of that language, renders it practically impossible to set up an equable and autho- ritative standard of pronunciation, and this is the existence of a great number of indepen- dent and well-defined dialects. An attempt to deal partially with this difficulty, to append, let me suppose, to every word from three to five different pronunciations would involve a waste of time and an extension of space quite disproportionate to the value of the result. And yet, if one has to strike a preference in favour of one particular dialect, it is very hard to determine, which is to be selected. At first sight, it might seem the most natural course to fix upon the speech of the best educated classes in the capital city Lhasa. But when this method was followed, or when at least an endeavour was made to act upon it, by Georgi and then by Schroter, only scant approval was bestowed upon it by European critics, and there were and are several reasonable arguments to be urged against its adoption. Of all the dialects this presents to the European ear and tongue the greatest difficulties, and accommodates itself least readily to the written character. More- over, in my own case, I have to add that I do not consider myself sufficiently master of it to care to risk its application to each individual word. Besides, modern political cir- cumstances make this dialect, for the present, the least available for general use. Csoma chose a much more manageable and a much more widely circulating mode of pronunciation, though one which presents problems of its own, when it has to be fitted to the written character: the West-Tibetan dialect. Here again, in representing each separate word, one has, in reality, to make choice between two, three or four pronuncia- tions, of which one agrees best with the written character, another conforms closest to the rules of spelling, a third recommends itself as that most frequent in conversational language. In my own smaller Tibetan dictionary I went no farther than to distinguish between two principal groups, which I termed West-Tibetan and Central-Tibetan; but in a more scientific work like the present I may permit myself to call more minute at- tention to the niceties and refinements of the language before us. I have, accordingly, published a number of specimens from my note-book, in which I kept a collection of typ- ical w r ords, of which k l availed myself as often as I had the opportunity of meeting the representatives of remote districts, and of enquiring concerning their manner of speech at home. Whenever in this collection a word had nc-t been entered on sound native authority, or had not been sufficiently discussed, I preferred to mark it with a note of interrogation, and not to allow any conclusion from analogy, or any theory of pronun- ciation to interfere with the design of my handy-book and its simple and unprejudiced statement of fact. I may therefore, I hope, claim for this list a high degree of trust- worthiness, even among collections of the kind, into which words can sometimes have slipped, as they had been heard once, and perhaps w r ere not heard again. In order to denote the pronunciation, I follow the scheme of Professor Lepsius. Some objections have been urged against this scheme; yet, amongst all systems of the kind, so far as I have become acquainted with them, I have no hesitation in affirming that of Professor Lepsius to be the best, and it is certainly also that most appropriate for my purpose. A thorough study of the 'Standard Alphabet by R. L epsius, 2 nd edi- tion, London, Williams and Norgate. Berlin, Hertz, 1863' may be recommended to all persons, who interest themselves in phonetic investigations. As I can scarcely take it for granted, that the work mentioned will be already in the hands of every one, who may consult my dictionary, I shall endeavour, as briefly as possible, to indicate its essential plan and principles. Its rules may be stated as follows: XI In order to mark sound, Lepsius uses the letters of the ordinary Latin alphabet. Where these are insufficient, he calls in the aid of a few Greek letters. Letters are used with the powers they most generally possess in European languages. (Thus z has its usual force, and does not stand for the peculiar sound ts, which belongs to it in the Ger- man language alone.) Sounds which lack exact representation are indicated by diacritical marks, placed above or below the letters which most nearly correspond. Every simple sound is represented by one and only one simple mark. Explosive and fricative conso- nants (these terras will be explained below) are denoted by different letters. The following marks or signs are for vowels: the well known sign () for a short, and (") for a long vowel; the mark of a modified vowel ("), German ii, 6,ii, is placed by Lep- sius, for practical reasons, below, not above the vowel (a, p. ) ; a dot under the vowel denotes a close vowel-sound (e = a in fate, o in note) ; a horizontal line under the vowel denotes a more open vowel-sound (e in 'there', o in 'or, cord', which, indeed, supersedes the a mentioned above); the mark (") above the vowel indicates a nasal quality, the breath passing, while uttering the sound, to a considerable extent through the nose (the French 'an, in, on, uri = a, e, o, o). In marking consonants, there is first the distinction to be noted, that they are partly explosives, formed by a rapid process of closing and re-opening the passage of the air at a certain point, partly fricatives and liquids, formed by a partial process of compressing or narrowing the air-passage; and secondly, they are distinguished in regard to the ex- act spot, where the process of articulation takes place. The lowest articulation takes place in the faucal region, close to the larynx (here, for example, h is formed); next comes the guttural region, at the throat, near the soft palate and uvula (here k is formed); it is marked, when necessary, with a dot above the consonant; then the palatal region, the hard palate, (here the German ch is formed in 'ich'); the mark is a stroke like the acute accent in Greek over the consonant; then the dental region, at the teeth and gums (d, t, s, sh), and finally the labial region, at the lips (b, p, m). There exists a further class o'f consonants in the Indian languages, and also in modern Tibetan, which are styled cerebrals; they are most of them modified dentals, formed by bending or curling the tongue upwards, and bringing the tip of it into contact with the hard palate in the centre or toward the hinder part of its roof; mark, a dot under the consonant. Many of these letters, in order to become audible, require in pronouncing them a certain vocalic effort; others, to say the least, allow or suggest such an effort; the mark of these vocalized consonants is a small ring under the letter. When this vocalic effort is made by the medium of the nasal channel alone, the oral passage being simultaneously closed at some one of the points indicated above, we get the nasal consonants as a result. When the stoppage is made at the guttural point, ng is obtained (to be marked n); at the dental point, n ; at the labial point, m. In order to conform with the two final rules, cited above from Lepsius, the Greek letter % is used to represent the German ch, when it is guttural and hard, as in the word 'doch'; use is made of the Greek ^, when it is soft or accompanied by a vocalic tone (the Dutch g); j[ gives the force of a palatal ch (Ger- man 'ich' = ij, 'milch' = milj); ^ is used to represent the strong English th (as in 'through') ; d renders the softer or vocalized tone (as in 'that'); a hard, sharp and hissing s or ss (as in 'yes', 'press') is marked as s; the soft vocalic s (as in 'his', 'rise') is repre- sented by z; the hard rushing sound sh, German sch, is rendered by s; the sound of the French j by z. If one attempts to give at the palatal point, where the English y (in 'year'), or the German j (in Mahr') is formed, the sound sh, German sch, one obtains the palatal , or the softened and vocalized z. In the Dictionary s and z have been substi- tuted for these marks. XII Further, in many languages, what are properly combinations of two consonants come to be regarded as simple forms, this happening, either because they are gradual growths upon an original simpler form, or because they have a natural affinity to each other. Thus properly dental sibilants should be distinguished thus : & v , dz\ but for the sake of simpli- city Lepsius, in his second edition, marks them c"and /, or, with their palatal force, c and^ (instead of 6 r andj). A further example of the combination of consonants is presented in w r hat is known as aspiration, when the letter h is brought into more or less intimate connexion with another consonant. This introduces us to a very important distinction, belonging to the Tibetan language, which it is necessary to explain at some length, in accordance with which explosive consonants, as they have the force of tenues, mediae, or aspiratae, are treated. The tenues are produced by a sudden opening of the air-passage at one of the points above mentioned: throat, teeth, lips, such opening being unaccompanied by any sensible operation of the breath whatsoever. Thus, when quite exactly sounded, k, t, p, are produced. The mediae, g, d, b, are produced by the same process, carried out in a milder and less abrupt way, (the peculiar English pronunciation will come under con- sideration later). The aspiratae require a decided pressure by the breath (they will be found marked by the spiritus asper above the letter: K, f, p). In northern Germany, in England, and in Scandinavia, modern educated speech recognizes only mediae and aspi- ratae, for we give an aspirated sound to every k, t and p. The French and the Magyars distinguish consciously the pure tenues from the mediae; on the other hand they ignore the aspiratae. Tibetan pronunciation makes room and requires a mark for all three gra- dations. Nay more, it augments the class of explosive consonants or mutae by the ad- dition of the dental sibilants in all three ranks or grades of aspiration : -5, e5, E, and 3, cS, E^ or according to the Standard Alphabet: c, c, ) and fe, fs, dz. At a later stage of the language some further modifications were introduced, which we shall subsequently allude to. Let us now, passing from these general observations, draw attention to a few details of the Phonetic Table, which has been drawn up in deference to a wish that reached me from several quarters. The first column of the Table, now under review, gives the ancient literal pronun- ciation, as it was in vogue in the seventh century of our era, and was settled at the time of the invention of the alphabet. Such a pronunciation relies, after all, for its justification on the hypothesis, that the inventors of the alphabet had for their first object to re- produce, as exactly as possible, an artistic reflection of the natural value of sounds as spoken by their contemporaries: that, therefore, a later pronunciation is most in con- formity with the original genius of the language, if it gives with the greatest distinctness a special power to each written character. A reference to the Table will amply illustrate the fact, that a pronunciation, adopted on these principles, has actually maintained itself in one or the other provincial dialect, and it is very interesting to notice, that the purest and most striking forms of this survival have their homes in those districts, which are most remote from and least subject to the disintegrating and dissolving influences of the actual centre of Tibetan civilisation, the capital Lhasa. Thus the prefixes and the super- scribed consonants, for the most part, are still sounded at each extremity of the whole territory, within which the language is spoken, both on the Western and the Eastern frontier, alike in Khams, which borders on China, and in Balti, which merges into Kash- mere. Moreover, in both localities the same minor irregularities occur, transgressions against an exact rendering of the pronunciation according to the letters, the same frequent transformations of the tenues into the aspiratae, g and d (compare lower down) becoming / or /, b becoming w. Now, about twenty degrees of longitude separate Balti from Khams, XIII and the former, embracing Islam, long since cut itself adrift from spiritual and religious cohesion with Tibet, and there, too, the dialect in other respects has greatly deteriorated, has admitted many foreign elements and has fallen altogether from the position of a lite- rary language. The resemblances and correspondences noted can, therefore, scarcely be accounted for in any other way, than by assuming that an old and strong instinct of speech lived on in oral tradition for more than ten centuries on the outskirts of the Tibetan do- main, which in the intermediate provinces has gradually surrendered and submitted to the spirit of change. Columns 2 6 contain, on most pages, the provincial dialects in their geographical sequence from West to East. The dialects of Ladak, Lahoul and Spiti correspond to what in my smaller Tibetan dictionary I called the dialect of Western Tibet. The last named, Spiti, represents in some respects the transition to the dialects of Eastern Tibet, under which heading Tsang and IT are to be classed. At the date of the publication of my former dictionary I was unacquainted with the dialect of Khams. Where a space is left vacant in the columns, the provincial pronunciation agrees with the model provided under column 1. Towards the end of the Table, where the anomalies become much more frequent, I have for the sake of clearness repeated the word. The sign do, ( deep- toned } Kos, Ko Koi, Ko Ko Ko Ko k high-toned gos, go 'os, ' '. province of Central Tibet. Urd. Urdu, a dialect of Hindustani. v. vide, see vb. verb vb. a. verb active vb.n. verb neuter vulg. vulgar, low expression vulgo in common life W. Western Tibet. Was. Prof. W. Wasiljew, Der Buddhismus. Wdk. Waidurya Karpo, a mathematical work. Wdn. Waidurya Nonpo, a medical work. w.e. without explanation Will. Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Wls. Wilson, Sanskrit Dictionary. Wts. Wai-tsang-thu-shi, a description of Ti- bet, originally Chinese, ed. by Klap roth. Z. Zangskar, a Kashmere- Tibetan pro vince. Zam. Zamatog, a treatise on Tibetan grammar and orthography. EMENDATION. Page 122, 1st. column, 4th. line from the top, after dignity, are to be inserted the following words: 2. Cs. exaggeration. sgro- dogs-pa 1. Sch. to bestow the peacock's feather. Other misprints in the English text will be easily recognized as such, and hardly require a specification. TIBETAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, m- ka 1. the letter k, tenuis, == French c in car. 2. as numerical figure, used in marking the volumes of a work: one. - ka-fn alphabetical register Sch. kd- pa the first volume of a work. ka-dpe a-b-C-book. -- ka-preii., kd smad sum-cu, kd-li the Tibetan alphabet. m- ka 1. an additional syllable, so-called ' article, affixed to some substantives, numerals and pronouns, v. the grammars. - '2. pillar, v. ka-ba. TJ" ka (kva) Oh! m-rn- ka-kd excrement, (nursery word), 1 *ka-ka tan-ce* W. = French: faire kd-ka Ssk. CrOW. kah-ka, Ssk. efi^, heron. "" ka-ka-ni a small coin of ancient India Cs. ka-ka-rdii cucumber Kun. fs* ka-ko-la, Ssk. ^figv^, a plant bear- ing a berry the inner part of which is a waxlike and aromatic substance. ka-ko prob. means the same. ka-Kd the a-b-c, alphabet; ka-Kai fo alphabetical register, ka-h : ai dp? a-b-c- book; ka-K-a-pa abecedarian. ka-Ml-ma v. M-ma. m-.y kd-ca also kd-ca, goods, things; /.- cai rjes-su Jbrdns-pai rgydlpo n. of a demon. kd-ta-ya, also ka-tya. n. of a lo- cality MY. v. ke-tu. 'j^' ka-to-m, more correctly ka-to-ra, //>/.. metal cup, dish, basin. ka-fa-ra Kun. a sort of peach. rn-rcn- ka-ddg, also ka-nas dag, pure from ' the beginning Lex. m-r^- ka-ddr (from .| J*j> t/ T /'f?. ?J only in the phrase: *ka-dar co-ce* to be cautious, take care, take heed, -/". of. #. Skull. ka-pi-ta gum, resin *Sc/t. m-rf J- kam-po-rtse, absurd spelling instead 6 of kam-bo-ja Wdk. kd-ba *ka-ira* 1. pillar, post ; k. f capital of a pillar. k(t-yzu-ydiiii. beam of the capital (pillars are mostly made of wood). " kft-bcd prob. a sort of gourd Wd% ka-ma-m 1. alabaster Sch. 2. n. of a country. ka-ma-la-si-la n of a famous ancient pandita or Brahma- nical scholar. "ny*''ff\iZ' ka-mid-rdo-ryydd is said to denote a sort of alabaster or of steatite in (\ > ka-tsa-lindi n. of a fabulous, very smooth, stuff or cloth, G-yatch. ka-rtsam, Ld. *ka-sam*, prob. a sort of oats; differing from yug-po, accounted superior to buckwheat, but in- ferior to wheat. 'sigs-cen-po title of a book cited in Glr. ka-ye (ktra-ye) oh! holla! hear! so e. g. at the beginning of a royal proclamation Ptli. - kt'i-ra C. S.s/-. ('deed, action 1 ); kar-nia- pa (in Nepal karmika) name of a philosophical school of Buddhism. kttr-yiil porcelain, china-ware, -cup etc. kdr-lait-ba , also ker-lun-lm, to stand up, to rise. . rr 5 v . or y kai'-sa-pa-ni or na, Ssk. JTJJ-, a coin in an- cient India, or rather a weight of gold and silver, of different value (not 'cow- ries', as Sch. seems to think). marUsT kcil-ya, also kal-yor, W. col. in- stead of kar-ydl, the former seems to be a corruption of -xls. & Jb* numerical figure: 31, ki-pa the 31st (volume). i-kdii wild leek Sch. m^ ^-rt.? 1 . or a-- k ^] ^| kl-(/u n. of the vowel-sign for /, cs . rn'Xj' ki-ma Dzl. ^Q ace. to Sc/if. a corruption of the Chinese khi'n, a lyre with 7 strings. (Pil- grim. of Fa-Hian Calc. 1848 p. 265). ^j.^: ki-tsi tickling W., *//-/.>/ kfnj-h* to tickle. kin-kd im-pd n. of a fruit, Le.i\ m- ku numerical figure: 61; ku-pa the NS 61st (volume). ^\ ku, ki'f-M/i-H 7/., *kit-h>* W. clamour. ku-na~la, ku-nd-hi Ssk. y n. of a bird in the Himalaya. \Ydii. gourd. Tf'B'^' kii-bc-ni S*k. the god of riches, N2 also Nag-ku-bera, Rnam-fos-ki/i- bit, Rnam~fb8-#rd8, /^d(/-/td-rd6-r)e etc. m'xj-r- kit-nni-J-}>a to jest, cf. kyal-ka. kn-II ku-su-ma SsL flower. K- kit-h/i ring-dove ('*. (Sub.: the cry i of the cuckoo). mrn* ' ^'"/A a ^ so kuij-ku<^ crooked; a hook: (jri-kn ///// ta/-tV* H'. to nod, */// ///// f* \\ T . of beckon. (Cf. L-tnn-i>.) " ku, */v///-.sv* cuckoo U'. knn r*g kun (C. : *ktnr') all. every, each ; whole ; >o spui Kun-bu kim-nas from every pore DzL; de-day kun all these; yzan kun all the others; also pleon. kun fatitx-cdd all of them, they altogether; kitn- yyis mfdn-ba, fos-pa seen, heard by every body, generally known; kun-tu 1. into all, in all etc. 2. adv. everywhere, in every direction; kun-tu-bzdn-po Allgood, n. of the first of the celestial Bodhisattwas, S&manta-bhadra, sometimes confounded with Adibuddha, foy-wiai Sans-ryycis; in later works even a Kun-tu-bzdn-mo Yum is mentioned Thyr.; kim-tu i-yyu-ba to go everywhere, wander about; Kun-tu-ryyu qf^gjl^^i n. of a class of Brahmans, itin- erant monks, DzL; ki' star; the descending node. kc-rtee v. keu-rtse. "j ^ ke-re v. kye^rc. TJ'ajvq- m*aiv ^^ Will, n. of a lofty region of the Himalaya, mythological rather than geographical, seems to be the same as Ti-se q. v., though modern geo- graphers apply the name to different ranges. m'fST,T* ke-lan; the fraternity or asso- ciation, which Hue mentions under this name (Voy. II ch. 6), seemed to be totally unknown to our Tashi- Ihunpo Lama, although the expectation of a final war between Buddhist believers kon and infidels, in which the latter will be destroyed, is widely spread through Tibet. kf-m-ka Wdn. n. of a plant, per- haps kehika, Arum Colocasia, with edible root; or = ken-su-kaf key-ma = kdg-m Cs. fi-rus skeleton. mp- n-m- kcii-m-ka L(\c., Sambh., Wdn., %? ' n. of a tree. keii-rtM, also ke-rtse, jacket Mil. ktit-ri u - f a female terrifying deity Dzi ?c G , : ace. to the Mon- gol version: customary seal, dubious. fa suddenly Sch. Y kcr-ba to raise, lift up, e. g. the finger towards heaven Glr. ; /<<'/ Idn-ba to rise, stand up. rtf ko 1. num.: 121; ko-pa the 121st ' (volume). 2. affix, = ka col. Ld. - 3. all, whole Sc/u:, cf. kob. rfrryr" ko-k<> 1. also ko-sko, throat, chin Sch., ko-sko deys LesJ 2. = ka- ka W. Y ko-ko-fdn-ma n. of a country in or near Ceylon Pth. "V- ko-nyon-tee, also ko-nyol-tse, ko- lon-tsc the kernel of the pine- apple 6s.; more particularly the edible seed of the Neosa-pine in the valley of the Sutledj; also skan-nyan-tse Kun. ko-fa, Ssk. 0^3, a kind of leprosy Wdn. ko-pah-tse a sort of tea Sc/ir. ko-pdn* guitar LcL; it is tuned in 3 fourths. 1. hide, skin. - - 2. leather, *ko-tca nye-Kan* tanner T.; yldn-ko neat's leather. ko-krdd leather-shoe. ko-wkatt 1. tanner. 2. (ace. to some also:) conductor of a leather-boat, boatman. - ko-btiim 'leather-wrapping' is said to be a criminal punishment in '., in different degrees of severity, e. g. *ldy-pa ko-tum*, when the culprit's hands are cut off, the stumps sewed up in leather, and the wretch thrown as a beggar upon public- charity etc. ko-fdy strap, thong. ko- f<>-/] H/,/* hide, leather. ko-Jbvys Sch.: three-edged needle for leather. ko-fsdf/ leather-sieve. ko-rvl a rotten hide. **]*! ko-bo n. of a country W/-*/ ^s/y/-/ koii-kdh co* the cat makes a crooked back W. koii-po 1. cup, bowl. 2. crucible. 3. breach, gap Sch. 4. n. of a province S. E. of Lhasa. kon-bu small cup, bowl; - mcod-kon offering-bowl; may-koii inkstand kod for black ink, mfsdl-kon for red ink, ver- milion; *lfy-kon* casting-mould 6'. rft- kod ('a, gathering'?) 1. lag-Ud Ld. n an armful of com, a sheaf. 2. affix = bad, ka, ko: *nyis-kod, 'ita-kod* all the two, all the five Ld. ^' kob all, Ld. col. rfc' kor, root denoting anything round or concave, hence: kot'-kor 1. adj. round, circular C. (= *kyif-kyh* W!J; roundish, globular ('.; concave, deep, as a soup-plate (opp. to flat) W. 2. sbst. a thick loaf of bread, (opp. to a flat, thin cake) C.; a pan, saucepan W.; a hollow in the ground, a pit not very deep W.; stod-kor a little circle above a letter, Ssk. anuswara; kldd-kor id., a dot, zero, naught; ydub-kor bracelet 6s.; pdd-kor a certain way of folding the fingers, so as to re- present the form of a lotus-flower; < ofZ- bor a radiant circle 6s. Of. skor-ba, O fcor- ba, ko-re. kor-do-ba boot Ld.? hol-to dumb, mute SpJ rfTxrrH" kos-ko = ko-ko; kos-myun with a ' pointed chin Sch. !^ ^'(^^" kya-sir-rlun v. A-J/M. mqy %a<7, also tyag-kydg, thick, run into ^ ' clots 6s. kyay-kyoy curved, crooked; > kyay-kyoy co-ce* W. to shake one's head, viz. slowly, in meditating; *H-mo kyag-(ga-) kyog-(ge)* a flourish (in writing) W. Cf. kyog-kyog. mr* %/i I. adj., also kyaii-kydit, kya/t- * po, straight, slender, as a stick; *kyan-kyan riit-mo* tall, slender, as a man, a tree etc. W. II. adv. = ya/i, too, also, always used enclitically, after the letters g, d, b, s. kyan-ky&n, also *kyan-na-kyoit-ne*, indolent, lazy, idle W. ; *kya/i-kyo/t co-ce* to lounge, to be idle W. kyar-kydr, also kyar-po flat, not globular Cs. men-men' "* ' ^ I * kt/ai'-kyor , also ^kyar-ra-kyor-re*., still feeble, as convalescents after a disease. kyal-ka 1. joke, jest, in words (Lix. kiwi fsiy). 2. jocular trick, ku-n- kyi, affix I. to sbst. -roots, ending ^ in d, b, s: sign of the genitive case. - II. to verbal roots, after the same final letters , and then without an essen- tial difference from kyls, to which we add in this place also examples of the other terminations yi(s), i (the s by itself is not used after ver- bal roots): a. in the sense of a gerund, meaning by (doing something), because, dgos-kyis Q do it-no w r e come because it is necessary . . . , or more freq. though, mi O dod-kyis fa-mdl-pa zos he did not care lor dainties, but ate vulgar food Dzl.; or it has to be omitted: bden-pa yin-gyis rdzun-pa ma yin it is true, no fiction Dzl. b. as an adjective, forming, like ki/fa (q. v.), with c du(/ or yod a periphrastical present tense e. g. f groi O duy he is walk- ing, ^oit-gi yod he is coming. c. at the end of a sentence in the sense of a finite verb and more particularly in the 1. pers. fut. : c <>'- pa* to raise one's head, to look up C. Cf. kyer-ba. \ kye-hud, = kyi-hud. TWC& kye-lio hollo! heigh! well! also like the T behold of the Holy Scriptures. kyed-kyed) also bran-kydd } with the upper part of the body stretched forward Ld. |TT^" kycr, v. kye-re. Jq- kyo-ba hook Sch. ^n- kyoy, also kyoy-kyoy, kyoy-po, crooked, ^ ' bent, winding, rtse kyoy with its point bent, crooked at the top. Med. ftfr kyoit., also kyoit-kyoii, kyon-po 1. hard. ^ as e. g. stale bread, ctt /,!/<>/'/-/ >n hard water; obstinate, unmanageable; kyoii-J'<>- a sort of relievo-work in metal. 2. ob- long ('. Sch.: kyon-k'a quarrel, k>/<'t- myo cause of a quarrel (?). Cf. Ka-yyon. kyon kluits rfir-' kyoti, also kyoit-bu., small shovel, r scraper /Sc//. ryw- kyom, also kyom-kyom, 1. flexible, ^ but without elasticity, flabby, loose, lax. --2. also Kyom-Kyom, of irregular shape, not rectilinear. ry^- kyor, also kyor-kyor weak, feeble, un- T fortified 6s. |Tp4" kyol, also kyol-kyol = Xv/or 6s. mp-p- K't'a/t-/i(i standing, kr&n sdod-pct to stand /?w. fy. Xro/J. krdd-pa leather half-boot or shoe, as it is worn by the lower class of people, often with a woolen leg; krad- rgyun 6s. a long narrow piece of leather to fasten the sole to the upper-leather; *tad-kyP W. *ta'-kyi* C. (or gyi, from gyi- na?) a worn-out leather sole. krab-krdb v. Jcrab-pa. kram W. cabbage, kram-mndr sweet or fresh cabbage; kram-skyur sour or macerated cabbage 6s. (?) kri-kri n. of a fabulous king of India Glr., not mentioned in the Ssk. dictionaries. TOu'^P's kri*na-so Tflufis 1. cultivated land, field, k-h'n'is- su skye it grows on cultivated ground Wdn. -- 2. a complex of fields, dk-ur- klub-pa mdaiis-kyi kiwi fsdh-ma all the fields be- longing to Kardang (n. of a village). klub-pa, pf. klubs, to cover, e. g. the body with ornaments Pth. klog v. kloy-pa. mrn-rr Hoy-pa I. s&s. earwax 5c/t. II. 1-6., X- (b)klays, ft. (b)kla. X:/0#, #i0ir/s, to read, B., C., yid-kyis kloy- pa to read without uttering a sound; kloy-pa or Ho^r s6s. reading, kloy bzdn-po ses-pa Mil. to be a good reader; kloy-yi slob-dpon a reading- teacher. kloy-yra a reading-school. -- kloy-fabs, kloy-fsul art, way of reading. rfc kloit ace. to L^. = Ssk. urmi, wave; ^ in the living language it is used for middle; in ancient literature for expanse, esp. ndm-m/cai of the heavens, ryyd-mfsoi of the sea; ran-bytin kloti yaiis btjod-med the unspeakably vast uncreated space; hence: the space of heaven, the heavens, klon-du Idin-ba to soar, to hover in the sky. This vagueness of meaning makes the word suited to the idle fancies of mysti- cism, as in: kloh-du Q yyur-ba, which seems to denote a soaring into mystic perfection. dba-klon Sch.: wave; Tibetans of to- day, and Schr. : the midst of the waves. - kloii-brdol Glr. was explained by La- mas: emerging from amidst the waves. (The significations 'depth, abyss, plenty, body' added by Sch. seem to be erroneous). Cf. dkijel mgr-rr klon-pa, also kldn-pa, to mend, patch v. also Ihdn-pa. ksa-ya Ssk. prop, phthisis pulmonalis; n. but ace. to Tib. pathology kxa-ya ndy-po denotes a bilious disease, prob. icterus niger, black jaundice. ^TppJ'Cf dkdys-po W. for dka-bo. ffm-gr dkan, also rkan (Ld. *skan*) 1. the ' palate, yd-dkan, the upper, md-dkan the lower part of the palate; *kdn-da O deb- pa* to smack C'.; dkan-ynyer the wrinkles of the roof of the mouth 6s. 2. dkan yzur-po Lex. w. e , Sch. steep declivity, precipice. rmn*q* dka-ba \. adj., also -bo, seld. -mo, difficult, slob-pa dkd-ba learning is difficult DzL, gen. with supine: slob-tu or slob-par dka it is difficult to learn, or with the root: go-dkd difficult to under- stand; dkdr-ba byun it has become diffi- cult, it is difficult (to me, to him etc.) 2. sbst. dkd-ba pains, exertion, hardship, suffering, dkd-ba mcd-par without difficulty, easily, dka-ba spyod-pa to undergo hard- ships = to use exercises of penance dka-^yrel Cs. 'a difficult commentary', ace. to Tib. dictionaries = xrf^RT per- petual commentary, lit.: explanation of difficulties. - - dka-fiib, dka-spyod, dka- spydd 1. penance. 2. penitent; d&a-f&b-pa, dka-spyod-pa, dkd-fub-can, penitent, O fso- ba dka-fub-ba rten-pa to live as a peni- tent. dka-sduy trouble, dka-sduy mdn- po byed-pa to take great pains C. - dka-fseys = dkd-ba. dka-lds 1. a trouble- some work. 2. trouble, distress. dkdr-ba I. adj., also -po, seld. -mo 1. white, whitish, gray. 2. morally good, standing on the side of virtue 3. candid, sincere? las dkdr-po good action; Ka-zds dkdr-po v. dkar-zds; dkdr-la dmar-mddns-can white and red of complexion Pth. II. sbst. whiteness. dkdr-mo sbst. 1. the goddess Durga. 2. white rice 6s. Comp. dkar-skya light-gray. dkar- ttiin 1. window-hole in a wall W. - opening for the smoke in the roof C. dkar-yon C. a piece of quartz, (ace. to popular belief porcelain is made of quartz,) hence 6s.: 'porcelain-clay.' dkar-ryyd rose-coloured. dkar-cdy register. dkar- foy = dkar-zas. - - dkar-me a light (?), dkar-me sbor-ba Sch. 'to light a candle.' - dkar-dmar light-red Sch. -- dkar-H*i white-wash, consisting of lime or some other earthy colour C., W. -ta*) the plan of an undertaking W. (vulg. pronun- ciation for bkod-blta?) "> bkor- dre Mil. seems to be a ^ kind of goblins. rq'bkol-ba v. M-ba. bkdl-ba C's.: to talk nonsense, v. kydl-ka; bkydl-pai nay = kydl- ka Lex. q- bkyiy-pa v. Ky// * 1. I" bkru, bkrus, v. Jtrud-pa. 1. prob. an incor- rect reading. 2. prov. instead of dkrug-pa, \. )a bkrug. qm^r-q- bkrcn-pa 1. 6s. poor, indigent, hungry, sai pyogs bkr. a poor, barren country Stg. 2. miserly, stingy 6'. qryj^-q- bh-As-pa vb. to be hungry; adj. hungry; sis*, hunger /*., 6'. where it is now used as the respectful term; bkres-skom hunger and thirst; bkres-skom- pa-las cog-par J)\jin-te leading after hunger and thirst to satiety; bkres-rt'iab-pa Sch.: to have a ravenous appetite. * bkroiis \. C gr6ns-pa. bkrol-ba v. ^rol-ba. * bklag-pa v. kldy-pa. js.' rka 1. a small furrow conveying water ' from a conduit (yiir-ba) to trees or plants; furrow between the beds of a garden; hence: 2. flower-bed. AP^- rkan (Ld. *skati, yau*) 1. marrow, rkan-mdr id.; rkdn-bro-ma tasting of marrow Sch.; rkdn-gi Kot't-nas bi/dms-pa love from the innermost heart Ttyy. 2. the upper part of the arm or thigh, or the large marrow-bones of them, dpuh- rkan, rld-rkan Mcd. 3. kernel of a nut etc. W. 4. = rkait-pa no. 5, stalk; also quill of a feather. 5. in compounds for rkdn-pa. rkan-pa (resp. zabs) 1. foot. 2. leg. 3 (cf. lag-pa) hind-foot. - 4. lower part, lower end, e. g. of a letter, rkan-pa-can 'having a foot', so the nine letters are called that extend below the line ( nj, p etc.) Ofr. - 5. *, lUlk, esp. leaf-stalk, lo-rkan. 6. verse, metrical line; fsig-rkdn, prop.: fsigs-su-bcad-pairkdh-pa,id., fsig-rkdn mfar nyis-sdd fob at the close of a verse a double shad is placed; hence: verse of the Bible Chr. Prot. -- 7. base, foundation, rdzu- prul-gyi rkdn-pa bzi Dzl. the four 'pillars' of performing miracles fol. 17. Comp. *kan-ky6g* bandy-legged 6'. - rkan-kri a piece of cloth to wrap round the legs (Lat.: tibiale) Sch. rkan- J' inn Lex. w. e., prob. having a foot contracted by disease rkan-Jldr bandy-legged Sch. rkan-mgyogs-pa nimble-footed, rkatl-mgyogs- kyi rdzas lham-la bijiigs-te oiling his boots with swiftfootedness, a miraculous oint- ment imparting this gift Glr., Tar. 67. rkan-<.gi'6 a vassal or subject paying his duty by serving as a messenger or 1(1 rkan '&T rko-ma porter 6s. rkan-,gros or -bros \. walk- ing on foot. 2. domestic cattle; breeding- cattle. - - rkafargyu Cs. : 'the hollow of the sole'. rkan-ycig-pa one -footed. rkan-rjcn bare-footed. rkan-rjes footstep, trace. rkan-ynyis-pa two-footed, a biped, po. for man, mankind. rkan-stegs foot- stool; trestle. rkaii-fun On foot, rkau- fdit-pa pedestrian, foot-soldier, rkait-fdn-du griil-ba (Sell, also: rkan-fdn-ba) to walk, to go on foot. rkan-mfil sole of the foot. rkan- f&n (erron. also -fun) Ssk. TjTo sku-lus, sku-yzugs, resp. for lus: body; by being prefixed to the names of parts of the body and even of everything that has reference to the bodily existence of a person, it imparts to them the charac- ter of respectful terms: sku-stod, -smad the upper, lower, part of the body; sku-sa flesh; sku-mfsdl (for sku-Krag) blood 6s.; sku-mdog colour of the skin, sku-nd age; sku-fse lifetime, life; sku-k'dms state of health; sku-skdl portion, share, sku-cds goods, stores Mil., sku-bsod virtue, happiness Tar.; sku-skyes a present (given to or re- ceived from a respected personage); sku- O bdg image, statue Glr. ; sku-mdun-pa (C. : *kun-dum-pa*) or -dnin-pa attendant of a man of rank; *ku-jar-wa* ('adherent', v. O byar-ba) id. C.; sku-nye Sch. relation, kinsman; sku-ysegs-ya dying, death (of a king etc.) Glr.; sku-bstod praise Sch.; sku- soys (ace. to 6s. instead of sku ysogs 'the side' = your presence) a title of honour, when we should say: your or his honour, your or his worship, in W. only for cle- rical dignitaries, in 6'. also for other per- sons of rank. Even buildings (monasteries etc.) are honoured by these respectful ex- pressions: sku-dkar ysol-ba to 'administer' whitewash. 2. in a special sense: the person of Buddha, whom philosophers re- present in three forms of existence called sku-ysum f^TRl, viz. : cos-kyi sku, vjf 3iTSr, lotis-spyod-kyi sku jjajtaicfclij and ,<<}>n't/-}>'' ffro wait; the latter would suit well in a passage of Mil., perh. also in zds-la skru of the Lexx.; but sm-skrus-pa Lexx. re- mains unexplained. *Mrq- skrun-pa pf. & ft. bskrun to produce, xs fruits Mil., a root of virtue (v. rtsd-ba) Stg. skrum meat, resp. viz. when spoken of as the food of respected persons. y skrog-pa = dkrog-pa, perh. also f. skrdg-pa. Lexx. dd-ru skrog-po to beat the drum: W. *kopon srog-ce* to play on the guitar. gjr'rj. skrod-pa pf. & ft. bskrad to expel, ^ ' drive out, eject, out of the country Dzl, Mil- to deprive of cast; *srdd-de tan ce* to expel a thief publicly out of the village W. nx,'" jnT"S words beginning with these letters will in most cases be found arranged under rk . . and sk . . ^SC'EfSJ" bskan-rdzds a sacrificial ceremony v. SchL 360. bskd-ba, Ssk. qreTO? astringent, as to taste, Cs. erron.: bitter. bskdl-pa, Ssk. cfi^r, a kalpa, a fabulous period of time; the fan- tastical reveries of the Buddhists concer- ning this subject v. Ko. 1. 266, also Will. under kalpa. bskdl-pa cen-po the great kalpa; bdr-(gyi) bskal-pa the intervening or middle 'kalpa'; bsk. bzdn-po the happy, blessed period, viz. in which Buddhas ap- pear; bskdl-pa nan-pa the^bad 'kalpa'; bskal-me conflagration of the universe. ^rrT^T bsku-ba v. skud-pa II vb. m Ka 1. the letter k', aspirated, like c in ' ( call\ 2. numerical figure: two, Ka- pa the second volume. JEJ- tia I. additional syllable, = ka, but less frequent. II. in compounds instead of Kd-ba bitter and fcd-ba snow; for the latter sig- nification it is in W. the only form] existing. III. i. o. Kag part, Ka ?nyis-su into two parts (e. g. to cleave) Stg. ; *Ka-ghdn* 34 F Kn. one part; in a special sense: the sixth part of a rupee C.; Ka-chj part, some, se- veral, frq. IV. (also Ssk. *) resp. zal, cf. Kd-po 1. mouth, Ka Ka bitter mouth, bitter taste Med.; Ka did-po (soft month), manage- able, tractable, Ka gyon-po hard-mouthed, refractory; Ka syyur-ba (= Ka-lo sgy.) to govern, to rein the mouth (of a horse), to lead, guide, influence other persons Glr., to turn off (a river) Tar.; Ka c fen-pa (to pull the mouth) to stop a beast of draught Tar.; Ka O byed-pa, W, *pe-ce* to open one's mouth, fddns-pa to open it wide, O dzum- pa, W., *cug-ce* to shut it; Ka brddb-pa (orkrdb-pa?) to smack; *Ka dab* (or *tab*) *zer-wa* to produce a smacking, snapping sound, col. ; Ka reg-pa c. dat. to put one's mouth to a thing, in order to eat or drink it; Ka <$ua-pa c. dat. to interfere, to meddle with; Ka fdl-ba 1. col. = Ka * advice, = Kd-ta; commandment, cf. bka- s. ka-ni/Kir bitter and sweet. Ka-cig (v. Ka III) some, Ka-yn'u't clever talking, cf. Ka sbyd/l-po eloquent. (Ca.: fair words?) Ka-ycod cover, lid; cork. Ka-bcol Sch. idle talk, prattle. - h : 'ug tig-la '' Kdy-po Sf Ka sds-ka cos* finish this work at once! yul-l>dy province, district; rgyal-Kdg king- dom. 3. W.: *Kay* or *Kdy-ga tdy-ce* to hang (by the neck). M9F> C. 1. difficult (W. *Kdy(s)- po*); hard (to bear), *Kdy-po )hu/l* it proved hard, *Kdy-po )he'-pa* to suffer want. -2. bad, spoiled, rotten, *mar L'dy- po son* the butter has become rancid. (?) Kdy-la, Md.: *Kdy-la mar* fresh butter, just made. pp. Kan C. : vu]g. f. Koit, sometimes also in books. __... Kdit-pa house, kdii-pa-la W. home, at home; in compounds also for a part of the house: room, story, floor etc., steit-, bar-, ^6g-Kaii upper story, middle story, ground-floor Git'.; bdr-ma, dkyil-ma or yzuh-Kan means also the usual dwelling- room, op p. to pugs and syo (V sgo): bzo- Kdn workshop; bait-Kail store-house, store- room; syo-Kan entrance, vestibule; skor-Ka/l (Glr. 68, 9) seems to be a passage run- ning round a building; *$6ff-Kan? W. the scoo ping-form or mould used in the ma- nufacture of paper; * Ms-Kan* bed (garden). Kah-yld house-rent. Kan-c&n house or room reserved for decrepit parents; Kait-cun-pa inhabitant of such; yait-Kaii- curl-pa such a person of the second de- gree, (if, during his life, his son enters into the same right). kait-ston an empty house, which is thought a fit place for sorcery and necromancy. Kdii-bu \ . little house, cottage. 2. room, wya-ndn-gyi K. room of mourning Dzl. Rait-miy room. - Kaii-rtsd foundation of a house Sch. - Kait-zdbs flooring of a room. Kaii-bzdiis residence, chiefly of gods. kan-rid Sch. a house in ruins. P^'^" Kdit-bu Pth. n. of a (fabulous) country. m<- Kad 1. Jitter, barrow. 2. like, as, ' = Itar Glr. 3. = Kod, Kad-snydms v. Ji'od-snyoms. ttad-pa, \. the same as Jf.od-pa, to stick fast, to be seized, stopped, im- peded, v. Jf ad-pa; hence also ma-Kdd ma-fay as SOOn as: dbugs cad ma-Kdd-du as soon as the breathing ceases Tltyr.; *de ma-Kdd* instantly, directly, bu skyes- ma-Kdd ciy Glr. a child born just now. 2. to approach, draw near, with la, nub-la Kdd-pai fse when the evening drew near Pth.; frq. with the perfect-root of a verb: tlbuys cdd-la Kdd-pai dus when the ceas- ing of the breath approaches TJiyr.; zin- la Kad yod-pa-la as we were just about to seize him; Kdd-du postpos. c.a. : riiii- pa Kdd-du as far as the heel Mil; Kdd- kyi* adv. by degrees Mil; Kdd-la, Kdd-du id. Tar. Kan-pa, also Ken-pa l.sbst. Schr.: wormwood, probably a mistake for Kdm-pa. 2. vb. to add (arithm.) Wdk. Kdn-da, more correctly Kdn-cla, also spelled Kd- dd, Ssk , treacle or mo- lasses partially dried, candy; de-la Kdn-da bcos-pa the candy made of it Med.; skyer- Kan- da candied skycr-pa. n ~ mai ' 1 ( corru pt'ed from Ka- aii?) modest Lh. nqq- Kab 1 . court, residence of a prince, rgydl-poi Kdb-kyi mi-mams courtiers. - 2. wife, spouse, Kab cen-ma the first wife (in rank); de-la Kab ^6s-pa ma niyed- nas as there was not found a wife worthy of him Glr.; O di ynyis i>ai Kdb-tu byftii-ba rmis-so I dreamt that these two would become my wives Glr.; Kdb-tu bzes-pa to take for a wife, to marry. (Schr. has even a verb: curt-mar Kdb-pa.) 3. needle. Kab- rise point of a needle, kab-rdl(?} S<-h. needle-case, Kab-mig eye of a needle, Kdb- miy-tu skud-pa ^ug-pa or ryyiid-pa to thread a needle; pra-Kdb a small needle, sbom-Kdb, mo-Kdb Dzl., fa Kdb W., blo-tJdb W., Kab -rul W. a large, thick needle, packing-needle; Kab-spt'i bristle Sik.; Kab- Icn (rdo) loadstone, magnet. 'C'Tl* Kab-td-ka col. knapsack, pouch. 'oi' Kdb-le (or las?) W. difficult. ' Kabs n. of a disease Med. 39 I' am le<(i--yoit /earn 1 . a bit, a small piece of any- thing, feam-euri a small bit, Kam-ydit, l'-(im )'(/;/ a mouthful, leam-fsdd-du ycdd-pa to cut 'in the size of bits' Dzl (infernal punishment); Kam-zdn a mouthful of food Mil.: ccw Innn j'c/'g id. 3. W., ('. ap- petite, *-d-////- :o*, C. also team sd/i. good health; /, : .s .so'.s-y^//- (/'jut' Mil.; sometimes it seems to be a synonym of lus, body, Kant* dfili-jiti //'//- ba to recreate the exhausted body Mil.nt. fig.: fnod-sems-mM-pai I'ams sas ce the peaceable disposition predominates Sty. 2. (synon. of yul) empire, realm, territory, domain; yid-kdms empire, in a geographi- cal and political sense, e.g. Nepaul Glr.; ryyal-Kdms 1 . for rgydl-poi learns kingdom, lea-ba-can yyi rayal-ledms the kingdom of Tibet. 2. for rgydl-bai Kams the empire of Buddha, the world; ryyal-Kdms c y rim- pa to roam over the kingdoms, the coun- tries Mil.', region, dominion, bar-sndn-gyi learns the aerial regions, where the lha live Pth.\ in physiology: M/r/.s-/"// le'tntm the dominion of bile Med.; /earns ysum the three worlds ace. to Buddhistic spe- culation, viz. the earth with the six heavens of the gods, as the 'region of desire', ^lod- pai Kams; above this is the 'region of form', yzitys-kyi Kams, and ultimately fol- lows the 'region of formlessness', yzugs- med-pai /earns. 3. element (syn. J>yiu't- ba), Kams druy the six elements of some philosophical systems, consisting, besides the four elements familiar to us, also of ndm-mKa and rnam-ties, the ether and the substance of the mind. In chronology, in naming the single years of the cycle, five elements are assumed, which (according to Chinese theory) are wood, fire, e;irtli. iron, water. --4. p.n. Khams. Great Ti- bet, the parts between tl and China; smad-mdo-Kams-sgoit ysum the low-land, the three provinces Do, Kham, and Gong, cf. miia-ris; ledms-pa a man from Khams. v. Ied-r1xdt't. s .-. ttr-fot steatite, soapstone, prob. = d/e0 having no horns, used of cattle Sch. rar k'u-lu 1. the short woolly hair of the yak. 2. Lh. : venereal disease, syphilis. Ku-le Sch.: steel-yard and its weight; but Dzl. TV, 17 the word refers to an ordinary pair of scales and denotes that scale of the two which contains the weights. rasn'>rarTKr Ruff* ^ U 9 S corner > concave 1^ ' 1^ ' angle, nook; of rivers, lakes etc.: creek, bay, gulf, cove, also m-/%; Uii a thing Cs. p* Ke numeral, ninety-two, 92. ra* in* fo> Kye (Sch. : Ke-ma) 1. profit, gain ; Ke-sp6gs B. and 6'., *Ke-bed* W. id.; fce-tsdn byed-pa to trade, to traffic Pth.; ses-fcyi Ke gain, advantage obtained by knowledge and attainments; Ke-pa trades- man, dealer; fson- c dus fee -pa trader in a market Mil.; fce-nyen Sch.; profit and loss, risk; Ke-sgrub-pa Cs., *Kye-bed fob-ce* W., to make profit, to gain, Ke brgydb-pa, to make a good bargain Sch.; *Ke-ru O do-wa* C. to abate, to go down in price ; * fee-can, fce-me'*, profitable, unprofitable; *Kye-mo* W. cheap. 2. tetter, herpes, ringworm (eruption of the skin) Sch. Kegs v. Kegs. Kens-pa l.partic. of O fcens-pa, filled, replete with. 2. adj. puffed up, proud, haughty, arrogant; sbst. pride etc.; Keits-sems, Kens-dregs pride. Kehs-po Med. with reference to food: producing flatulence. Ken-pa 1. Schr. worm- wood, prob. erron. for Kdm-pa. 2. Sch.: to lean, to repose on, erron. for bfcdn-pa. Kebs, col., W.: *Kyebs*, Cs.: Kebs^ma covering, coverlet: *feeb sdn-pa*, to take the covering off C. ; cdr-Kebs a cover- ing against rain, rain-cloak; steii-Kebs, Icog- fcebs, table-cloth 6s.; fod-Kebs Lt. cap, hood; ydun-Kebs, a certain beam or board above the capital of a pillar; ydon-Kebs, veil, cloth to cover the head; *dun-Kyebs* W. apron; *pan-Keb* C. napkin, apron. Kem \. fey em. Ker-rgyag-pa, to defraud ; to usurp Sch. w Kel-ba prob. for tcel-ba, to load upon; bio feel- ba is said to be used in C. for bio skyel-ba W., v. skyel-ba no. 6. fees -ny en the day before yester- day Sch. Kes-pa C. to hit, O fsdms-la (or mfsdms-la?) to hit the right thing, the exact point or line; yndd-la to strike the vital parts, to hit mortally, fatally, gf Ko 1. numeral, 122. 2. Bal fy'o*) for Ka-ba, bitter. j^ Ko pers. pron. of the third person, he, she, it, but almost exclusively in col. language. In ancient writings it occurs but rarely, being either omitted or sup- plied by de, but in later works that come nearer to the present language, it is to be found the more frequently, feoi his, her; *K6-pa, Ko-wa* plur. they, W. and 6'., v. Georgi Alph., in an edict; * Ko-cag, feo-fso* id. C.; *K6^wanyi* W., both of them: Ko- ran 1. he himself. 2. he, = *Ho* col.; with par tic.: Ko dd-ci snon la son-ba de, Mil., he that just went on in advance, preceded in front. Note. The word prob. has been ori- ginally a sbst., denoting essence, substance Ko-ti (like no -bo)', md~-ko, yzi-Ko, rgyu-Ko are said to be used in C. for: the essential, the most important part of a thing, the main point, and the noun substantive may possibly have changed into a substantive pronoun, in a similar manner, as na, I, is connected with no -bo; cf. also K6-na, K6-bo. Ko-ti C. (Chinese?) tea-kettle. Eo-fdg ycod-pa c. termin. to despair of Ml; to resign, to acquiesce in, to reconcile one's self to; also sems Ko-fdg ycod pa Pth. K6-na adj. and adv. 1. just, exactly, the very, rgydl-pos O dod-pa k'o-na yin that is just what has been wished for by the king DsL /J^- 17. srid-ma K6-na bzin- du just as before; O di Ko-na yin-par nes he is evidently the very same (man) Mil.; srin-bu K6-na O drd-ba just like a worm Thgy.; fsul de fco-nas by the very same process Tar. 13, 12; de Ko-na nyid-du gyur cig just so may it happen! (at the con- clusion of a prayer) Glr.; but de-Ko-na- nyid, as a philosophical term, is also the translation of the Ssk. tdttva, essentiality, truth, implying to the Buddhist nothing but vacuity, the Nirvana Trig. 20. 2. only, solely, exclusively, skdd-cig /co-na, only for a moment Dzl. W%, 12. O dod /co-nas brel na, if taken up merely with lust: sems- can K6-na bde-bar O dod-tsa-na as he in- tended only the welfare of beings Thgy.; Tar. m m f K6-bo mas., K6-mo fern. pers. pron. 1 st. person, I, pi, Ko-bo-cag we, .indiscri- minately as to the rank of persons, B. and C.; mi K6-boi rnam-ses the soul of me the man, i.e. my human soul Mil.; also pleon. K6-bo na. /co-bom, the Tibetan name for Khat- mandu, the capital of Nepaul Glr., Mil.; sometimes also called klui po-brdn, prob. on account of the mineral treasures supposed to abound in that country. 43 ? perh. misprinted for Vom knap- sack, wallet Mil, or else a secondary form of that word. Ko-yyu, occurs only in *Ho-yu skor- ce (perh. col. for Jtor-yyM) W. to thrash, which is done by driving a number of oxen fastened together round a pole that stands in the middle of the thrashing- floor. r^^. K6-ra, Cs. also K6r-sa, circumference; circumjacent space; also fence, sur- rounding wall; K6-ra ttor-yug-tu, (Kor-) Kor- yug-tu, in a circle, in circumference, frq. in measuring ; also round about, all round, e.g. to flow, to encompass; Kw-yug kun- tu in the whole circuit, round about. rzfojcn* fo-ldg 1- t's.: bigness, robustness ' (Lex. TftWTf ), Ko-ldg-ydrts-pa big, prominent limbs; Sch. : Ko-ldg ce-ba& large space. 2. Lh.; dumpling, made of rtsdm- pa and beer; Ld.: pap of rtsdm-pa and tea, called spags in C. OT- Kog 1. frq. for Kon(-pa), the interior, ' inside ; v. also K6g-pa and K6g-ma. 2. for Kogs, Jcogs q.v. 3. for c gegs-pa. rnm'Zr K6g-pa, sometimes K6g-ma, Kog, the trunk of the body, sa-K6g the body of an animal cut up for food ; *sa-K6g ddl- ce, sig-ce* to cut up a carcass; *'K6g-tu, Kog nd/t-du* within the body. j^-.j... Kog -ma C. pot, earthen vessel = pru; Kog-cen large pot. p$n^|* Kogs cough Med., K6gs-pa to cough. g^r- Kon, rarely K6n-pa, pers. pron. 3d. person, he, she; like / r o it is of far less frequency in the earlier literature than in the later; at present it is in W. used as the respectful word for he, but in C., ace. to Lewin, as plur., = they; K'dn-gi his, her; pi. K6n-mams, Kon- cog, Kdn-fso, Kdii-huj- rnams; Kon-rdn and Koh-nyid he himself; rgydl-po Kon-rdn yin dgoiis-nas the king supposing that he himself was meant Glr. ffir-q' Ron-pa 1. prov. for K6n-pa. 2. the inside, inward parts, prov. K6g- pa (Cs. also: the veins); Kon-du, Koii-iut, Mn-nas adv. and postp. in, within, from 44 within, Out Of; kon-du (also kons-su) cud-pa or fsud-pa, with or without sems (resp. fugs) being prefixed I . impressed on, fixed in the mind, thoroughly understood, known. 2. very restless, uneasy, sorry, anxious in one's mind; kon-du sdu-ba to impress on the memory, to learn (by heart) Glr.; kon-nas snyin pyun-ba Itar as if their heart was torn out, Pth.; snyin k&n riis-pai dkyil-nas ysol-ba btab he prayed from his inmost heart Thgy. ; kon-nas ses-pa, smrd- ba to know by heart, to say, recite by heart C's. *kog-la yid-du med* W. I have no recollection of it; kon-pai drod-la pan it helps against internal heat Med.; koii- par son-bai dug bzin-no it is like a poison that has entered into the internal parts (or the veins) TJigy.; *kog- j pankan-pa* , a bad character W., *kog^pa cen-ww* W. ge- nerosity, magnanimity (?) Comp. kon-krdg, the blood contained in the veins 6s. kon-kro (-ba) wrath, anger; kon-kro spon-ba Mil. to put away, subdue anger, *zd-ba* C. to 'conceive' anger, take a dislike; kon-mi-kro-ba quiet, calm, mild Pth. *kog-(ng* col. uneasiness, sorrow, anxiety; kog-t'ug foe'-pa* C., *co- ce* W. to be uneasy, anxious. kon-gdn full, filled up in the inside, solid, koii- stoit hollow, tubular. *kog-fen, kog-den*, W. grudge, ill-will, hatred. kon-fsil suet. - *k'on-log* W. cholera. *kog-sin* W. 1. the core of a tree, heart-wood. 2. tenon. - *kog-wgs* a groan, sigh W., *kog-sugs tdn-ce* to sigh, to groan. *kog-siibs-la sil-ce* W. to read low, softly, whisperingly ; *kog-sil tdn-ce* W. to read noiselessly, so as not to be heard. koii-(-)-)sen inner ca- verns, not opening to the daylight; (those of the Rirab are the habitations of the Lha- ma-yin or Asura). j^^y koiis 1. sbst. (kons-ma Cs.?) the middle, the midst; gans-koiis-na in the midst of alpine snows Mil. ; respecting time: zdg bdun-gyi kons-su within, during, seven days Pth., Tar.; respecting money: de nyid-kyi koits-na ynds-so, (this) is contained, K6l-po included in that (sum) Tar. 53, 15; kons-su ytogs-pa Lex., Cs.: annexed to, united, in- corporated with. 2. adj. crooked; W.: *kons ca dug* it is bent, curved, e.g. paper by heat, the limbs by the gout; *ko-ns- kan* W., *kon-ril* C. crippled. rar- kod I. v. Ji6d-pa and ^god-^pa. II. inst. of Jcod. jgy-q' /con-pa anger, grudge, resentment; kon c dzin-pa, kon-du O dzin-pa to hate, *kon-la hur-ce* W. id. ; *kon-gug-ste ddd-ce* W. ("to sit waiting with hatred") id.; *kon-ber* W., the sting, the burning of anger or hatred in the soul. ggj- Kob 1. fat, heavy, clumsy Sch. 2. sometimes for Jcob. 3. v. Q pebs-pa. m^j- kom wallet, leather trunk C., Cs. : felt or skin bag; yzims-kom Cs. id. (prob. resp.); kom- c bog Cs. a cloak-bag; more accurately: the cloth in which the trunk is wrapped and carried by the porter. kom-pa Schr.; to be able, esp. to be enabled to do a thing by the absence of external impediments; kom-pa mm Cs., *kom-ce mi rag* W. I have no time, I cannot do it now; sdod mi kom I cannot sit and wait now Pth. ; mid mi Kom-par without your having time to swallow it down Dzl. TV , 17. mi-kom- pa brgyad, the eight obstacles to happiness, caused by the re-birth in places or situa- tions unfavourable to conversion Triq. no. 66. Ace. to Schr. the word is also used in that special sense: to be able to carry on a law-suit, to which there are likewise eight obstacles. kor-mo-yug Sch., kor-yug, kor- sa v. ko-ra; kor-yug-tu conti- nually, incessantly Mil. kol Cs. = kol-bu; kol-du pyun-ba, abridgment, epitome Cs. Itil-pa 1. Cs. boiled. 2. Sdi. boil- ing, bubbling, zans kol- pa a bub- bling kettle Dzl. kol-po, also kol-brdn, servant, man- servant, kol-por r)es-su bzuh-ba to 45 Kydb-pa take, to hire for a servant Pth.; frq. fig. sems-kyi /col-por yda (the body) is a ser- vant of the mind Mil.; yiq-rten srid-pai K6l-po a servant of the world i.e. of mam- mon Mil. Bol-bu a sma " piece, M-bu nyun- c bru tsam ziy kyaii ma lus Pth. not so much as a grain of mustard seed is left. TOOTS]" K6l- ma 1 . Cs. 'anything boiled' ; perh. more accurately: Anything boiling, cu Sol-ma boiling water; duy-mt'so Kol-ma a boiling lake of poison. 2. Sch.: an outlet for the smoke in a roof. M-mo 1. maid-servant B. 2. a coarse sort of blanket usually given to slaves Schr. 3. mowed corn, a SwathG'. /cos v. yes-pa. J" Kos-pa wished for, wanted Sch. %-& Cs., */cd-le* W., as much as fills the hollow of the hand, a handful, e.g. of water. to lift, v. Jcyoy-pa. men.'^j ,*j* fy d 9( s )"P a 1- frozen; ice. 2. the frost, cold, Hydg-fog-Kar on the ice Glr.; tiydy-pa J?ydy-pai bod-yul 'Tibet frozen up with frost' Pth.; *Kydy- la jar (v. byor-ba) *son* W. it has stuck fast by freezing. *Kyay-zu-ko-ko* Ts. mud caused by a thaw, snow-water. - * Kydy-sran-can* W. hardened against the cold. Kyag-rum, Kyay-rom ice, pieces of ice, floating blocks of ice (also $ab-rom); cf. Jfyag-pa. mr- Kyad 1. difference, distinction B., C., " ' W. *yan tdn-na Kyad med* W. it is no matter which you give me; nd-dan- prad-pa dan tfyad-mcd-do it is quite the same as if they came to myself; scms-la Kyad byun a difference of opinion arose. />'yad-\cos mark of distinction. 2. something excellent, superior, bzoi fy(1, bzo- kt/d -fsar-cen* = no-mfsar- can wonderful 6'. tfydd-du adv. espe- cially, particularly, Kydd-du ^pays-pa par- ticularly (uncommonly) lofty, sublime Glr. Uydd-par adv. = Icydd-du Glr. 50, 7, and more frq. sbst.: 1. difference, dissimilarity B. and 6'., na dan Kyod ynyis Kydd-par- ce I and you that is a great difference Glr. ; de dan kydd-par-ma-wicis-pai rfen an image not differing from this Glr.; min-yi Kydd-par yin it is (only) a diffe- rence of name Glr. 2. sort, kind, Jbrds- bui Kydd-par kun all sorts of fruit; ri- dvdys-kyi Kydd-par ziy a particular kind of game; perh. also: division, part, yul-yyi Kydd-par province Tar. 3. 14. 3. = Kyad 2. something of superior qualities, an excellent ma.n Tar. y, 7. Kydd- par- can superior, excellent, capital, bld-ma K-yad- par-can cig Mil an excellent spiritual teacher; Kydd-par-du adv. particularly, chiefly, especially. Rather obscure as to its literal sense, but of frq. use is the phrase Kydd-du ysud-pa, ysdd-pa, c. accus. but also dat., to despise, e.g. dmd-la an inferior, ryyu-Jbrds the doctrine of retri- bution, nyon-mons-pa trouble etc. 1^" Kyab v. Kydb-pa. - %<%> to fill, penetrate; to embrace, comprise, c. accus., also dat., mi- ) tsd/'t-bas Kyab-pai sa-pyoys a place full of dirt Thyy.; O brum-pa md/i-pos full of, quite covered with pustules, pocks Med.; ////m- 46 Kyab-jfy pas filled, impregnated with bile Mcd.; lus sems dga-bdes Kydb-par gyur-nas body and soul (filled with) full of joy Glr.; bar Kydb-pa to fill up an intermediate space; to make (a country etc.) full of light, re- ligion, happiness, frq.; fams-cdd-la drin- gyis to embrace all creatures with bene- volence; kiin-la Kyab-pa in grammar: capable of being joined to any word, com- prising all of them, Glr. ; Kyab-ce-ba com- prehensive; used also in the way of cen- sure : everywhere and nowhere , to be met with everywhere Mil.; Kyab-ydal or rdol comprehensive, extensive. Kyab seems also to be a sbst. in Kyab-ce-ba, and still more so in rgya bod yons Kydb-tu grdgs- pa-la according to what is spoken in the whole compass of India and Tibet Tar. 87. fyab-jug Vishnu, a Brahmanical divinity, appearing, like Brahma aud Shiva, also in Buddhist legends, yet principally known in his quality as yza- sgra-ycan- dzin (Rahula), conqueror of the demon that threatens to devour sun and moon; hence kyab-jug-yzer Med., *Kyab- i nad* W., *ra-hu-le ne* C., epilepsy. Kyams Cs., Sch. yard, court-yard, Cs. also gallery. It is, like fsoms, a space that is to be found in many Tibetan houses, and may be compared to the com- pluvium of the Romans, being open in the middle, and on the sides generally enclosed by verandas, Kyams may there- fore be called court-yard, when it is on the same level with the ground, (so also perh. Tar. 89, 4, reading fyams-su for Jcyatm-su) ; but in the upper stories such a construction is unknown in European architecture. Kyams-stod the upper court- yard, Kyams-smdd the lower one; Kyams- foris Cs.: 'impluviuro'. Kyams Cs. : p. n. = Kams, v. learns 3. rrp-q- Rom* Kydms-pa,Kydr- pa, Kydl-pa v. Jfydms-pa, etc. nr Kyi dog, Kyi rmug B. and C.; the dog ' bites, W.: barks; *so tab* W.; bites; kyim *fam* W. lays hold of; fcyi bos -nets ma bi'duit proverb: if you call the dog, then you must not beat him G-lr. Kyi rkaii- ynyis Sch. 'a bastard dog, a cur' (?) Kyi-skdd the barking. Kyi-Kdii dog-ken- nel, fyi-gu a puppy. Kyi-rgdn an old dog. Kyi-riio the itch of dogs. Kyi- ddm 'dog's seal', a mark burnt in ; stigma C\, W. Kyi-dug poison of hydrophobia Sch. Kyi-mdiid-pa the pairing of dogs Sch. Kyi-pul dog -kennel, dog-house. - *fhji-pal~jor* W. Blitum virgatum. Kyi- spydn W. jackal. Kyi-po a male dog. Kyi-bm Sch. a vicious, biting dog. Kyi- sbrdn dog's fly. Kyi-mo a female dog, bitch. Kyi-smyon canine madnes, hy- drophobia 6'., W.; also mad dog = Kyi smyon-pa. Kyi-rdzi dog-keeper. Kyi- j-zon trough for dogs and other animals, manger. Kyi-sig flea. ^Kyi-gu 1. v. Kyi. - 2. W. bud (of ^ NO leaves and branches, not of blossoms), eye (of a plant). sw. Kyi-ra chase, hunting, esp. of single ^ huntsmen, not of a party; stable- stand, cf. lins; *kyi-ra-la cd-ce* W. to go a hunting, * Kyi-ra co-ce, gydb-ce, gyitg-ce* id.; *K.yi-ra-la cd-Kan* hunter, sportsman; K.yi~ra-ba B. and 6'., *Kyi-ra-pa* W. hunts- man. Kyi-ron p.n., v. skyid-gron. Kyi-la-wa^i a sort of treacle made of sen-Men Wdit. Kyig v. JSyig-pa. fa-. Kyid breadth of the hand with the Ml thumb extended, a span. nqT Kyim (Ssk. w^) 1. house, not as a "^ building, but as a dwelling-place of man, a home. Even when in Sik. they speak of *sin-Kyim, nyug-Kyim* a house of wood, of bamboo, the idea of habi- tation, dwelling-place predominates in these expressions. Kyim-na at home, Kyim^-du home (to go home); Kyim danl Kyim-na house for house, each in his house Tar. 151. 22; Kyim spo-ba to remove to an- other place; Kyim skyon-ba to have a house- Kyim 47 hold, to gain a livelihood; Kyim-gyi so-fsis household, housekeeping, farming; Kyim-gyi rig-pa knowledge, experience in house- keeping and farming; Kyim-med-pa home- less, without a home; therefore esp. as opp. to the life of a homeless and un- married priest: Kyim-gyi byd-baor las, 1. domestic business, 2. lay -life, worldly life; cf. also many of the compounds. Uyim-la ^on-ba, ytoii-ba to get married, to be given in marriage, respecting the fe- male part Glr.j MIL 2. the signs of the Zodiac, which is called Kyim-gyi Jcor-lo, viz. lug ram, ylari bull, Krig-pa (pairing) twins, kdrkata (Ssk.) crab, sen-ge lion, bu- mo virgin, sra/t balance, sdig(-pa) scorpion, yzu (bow) archer, cu-srin (sea-monster) Capricorn, bum-pa water-bearer, nya fishes. To these 12 signs however the correspond- ing Tibetan figures are not 9 to 9%, but o to ??, as seems to be the usage in astro- nomical science. There is moreover a di- vision into 27 'lunar mansions' much in use; v. rgyu-skdr. 3. double-hour, the time of two hours; or the twelfth part of the time of the apparent daily rotation of the heavens and consequently also of the zodiac, or, as we should say, the time of the passing of a sign of the zodiac through the meridian. 4. 6s.: halo, or circle round the sun or moon. 5. Symbolic numeral: 12. Comp. and deriv. Kyim-fdb(s) husband, frq. ; also wife; Kywn-fdb-la yton-ba to give in marriage, to give away a woman for a wife; Kyim-fdb-mo wife, housewife, Cs. Kyim - bddg master of the house, husband; owner of a house, citizen; Kyim- bddg-ma fern. -- Kyim-pa 1. layman, 2. 6s.: surrounded by a halo (Kyim 4); Kyim-pai pyogs-su sbyin-pa given away to laymen DzL; Kyim-par O dug or j-nas -he lives as a layman; pyis Icyim-pai fsul-can- gyi rndl-Jbyor-pa a devout man, who lives outwardly like a layman Mil. Kyim- pa-pa a houseowner, peasant, farmer, hus- band; Kyim-pa-ma housewife. Kyim bya domestic fowl, cock, hen, poultry W., C. Kyim-mi family of a house, household Cs. Kyim-f&dn id. Kyim-fser Glr. 51, 10, usually Kyim-mfses, Kyim-mfses-pa, fern. Kyim-mfses-ma neighbour. -- Kyim-zag^ Kyim-zld, Kyim-16 'a zodiacal day, month, year' (?) Cs. Kyim-sa earth, dust, dirt (in a house), sweepings W., *tfyim-sa du- ce, spufi-ce to sweep (a floor), to sweep together. \f Kyim-nya Sch.: whale (if at all correct, it must be taken as my- thological signification, no Tibetan having ever known of the existence of real whales). rq- Kyu, Kyu-bo Cs., fcyu-mo Pth. flock, herd, ^ lug-Kyu a flock of sheep, mdzo-mo-kyu a herd of bastard cows, yndg-Kyu of horn- ed cattle; Kyu skon-ba to keep, tend a flock or herd; company, band, gang, troop, mi-ltyu Cs. a company of men, bu-mo-Icyu a bevy of girls, dmag-Kyu a troop of sol- diers; Kyu-nas Jnid-pa to exclude from the company Pth., C.; fcyu-snd O dren-pa to go before, to take the lead of a troop, a flock Mil; kyu-mcdg bell-wether; also the most distinguished amongst a number of men, the first, chief, head Pth., Kyu-mcog-ma fern. ; Kyu fsdgs-pa vb.n., Sch. to collect, to gather in flocks. kyu Sch. 'ell', prob. incor. for Jfru. 15" ace. to Lex. = kit-hit. Kyug v. Jcyug-pa. mr' yun (Sch. also Kyuti-mo) the Garuda 3 bird, a mythical bird, chief of the feathered race, fcyun-sog-can Kyuri-dpyad a small round bas- ket of reed 6s.; Kyun-ril is said to be in C. a large cylindrical basket, the same as kun-diim Ld., v. rkon-pa. Vyun-sdei- ('Garuda claw') Med., Cs.: n. of a medicinal root, pseu- do-zedoary; Hyun-rgod Med. id (?). ]^' Kyud v. Jfyud-pa. Kyud-mo rim of a vessel Sch. K'^J* kyur-mid-pa 48 '" Ifyur-mid-pa to swallow Med.; yur-mid-du sdn-ste suffering himself to be swallowed (from the story of an Indian idol) Pth. |zpr kyus wall-side 7s. (?) fq- /eye 1. for tfyeu Mil. 2. for J>e q.v.; ^ kye-mo v. ke. R*5|* kye-ma n. of a disease JV/gc?. jnn- kyeu Cdiminutive of kyo-bof) 1. male *9 child, infant boy. 2. youth, adolescent 7?. jnc* fyedpers. pron. 2nd. person, thou, and ^ ' particularly in the plur. you, in B. eleg., in addressing superiors, but also used by superiors in speaking to inferiors, and even contemptuously: kyed ltd-bui md- rabs such vulgar, mean people, as ye are Dzl. kyed-kyi thy, your. fcyed-i'dn (kyed-nyid seems to be little used) thou thyself, you yourself; plur. particularly expressed: k'yed-cag, kyed-rnams, kyed-fso; dge-fsul kyed ynyis you two Getsuls Glr.; Kyed ysum-po you three (a mother speak- ing to her sons) Glr.; kyed-cdg you, when speaking to one person Glr., = nyid-cag. * kyed 1. = kyid W. 2. v. Jtyed-pa. kyen-ti Pur. he, she, v. kun-ti. . fcebs. jj. kyem (Sch. also Kern) a shovel, W.: , *kyem dan pdn-ce* to shovel away, to remove with a shovel; kuem-qiii dab- ' / c/7 O ma the blade of a shovel, yu-ba the handle of it Cs. gru-kyem, cu-kyem W. oar, Icags-Kyem spade; me -kyem fire-shovel; wa-Kyem a scoop, hollow gutter-shaped shovel Cs. ; Kyem-bu spoon Cs. -v P5^' kyer v. O kye-ba; Kyer-so v. O kyer-so. rtf kyo B. frq., also %o'-po Pth. 1. man ^ (seldom). 2. husband, %o byed-pa ('to act a husband' cf. byed-pa I. 1J to take a wife; kyod nai kyo mi byed-na if you do not marry me Dzl. kyo-med single, unmarried. kyo-mo wife Cs. kyo-siig husband and wife, married couple; kyo- |3* ^' a SM<7 ynyis grogs-nas son these two married people went together; kyo-sug mdzd-ba- rnams a loving couple; kyim-bdag Kyo-sug ynyis the citizen with his wife; )'ser-lha kyo-sug ynyis about the same as: Mr. and Mrs. Serlha; Kyo-sug-tu sdu-ba to join a couple in marriage Dzl. Kyo-ga 1. man emphatically, as: skyes-bu na hor-pa yan Kyo-ga yin we Turks are men, too; hero, kyo-ga-pa id. 3. heroic deed, exploit. kyog-po crooked, curved, bent; Cs. also cunning. kyog-fon (v. kyo-ga and foti) W. young man, youth. Kyogs litter, bier Pth., palanquin Cs. also scaffold (?) Cs. RC^* Kyon v. Kyon-ba. m^-- Kyodpers. pron. 2nd. person sing, and ^ ' plur., thou, you; Kyod-kyi thy, thine, your; if plurality is to be especially ex- pressed, it is done by adding cag: Kyod- cag Mil.; occasionally also kyod-rnams, cf. Kyed; kyod-rdn 1. thou thyself, you yourself. 2. thou, you (W. *Kyo-rdn*). mi- Kyon size, extension, width, circum- ' ference, area, height e.g. of Dzambu- ling Dzl., of the Sunieru Glr., of the lunar mansions or the zodiac Glr.; Kyon-ydns- pa a wide extent, kyon-ydns sa-yzi all the wide world (earth); kyon-sdom Cs. 1. nar- row-extent. 2. sum, contents. Kydn-nas thoroughly, Kydn-nas mi sdig-can thoroughly a sinner; Kydn-nas med not at all C. Kyom-Kydm 1. oblique, awry, ir- regularly shaped. 2. \. kyom-pa. mi- Kyor (Cs. kyor-pa) as much as fills P the hollow of the hand, a handful, cf. skyor; kyor gan, kyor re one handful, kyor do two handfuls. Kydl-ba v. Kydl-ba', kyos-ma C. = skyos-ma, skyds-ma. rn- Kra 1. a small bird of prey, sparrow- '^ hawk, falcon, used for hunting, also bya- Krd; Kra-zur Sch.: a species of eagles; Krd- pa falconer. 2. v. the following article. 3" Rrd-bo 49 kri'nn-i m-Ty Kni-bo perh. also Krci-mo piebald. t\v<>- '^ coloured, (not many-coloured, which is bkrd-ba); rgya-stdy-Kra-bo the streaked Indian tiger MiL; * fa-fa* C. id.; *fa~wo- pi-iro, fa-si-pi-si* W. id. (spelling un- certain); nag-Krd black -spotted, so that black is the predominating colour of the whole; dmar-lmi red-spotted, red being the predominating colour. - - The signi- fications of the various compounds of / /v/ have all a reference to the peculiar effect produced on the eye by the blending of two or more colours together, especially when seen from a distance; so: Kra-cam- mi' Glr. is said of a rainbow-tinted meteor, kra-lam-me MiL, (or lham-mc',) of a similar phenomenon, Jfra-cem-cem Pth. of a flight of birds; *ta-cdm-se, ta-cem-nw, ta-cem-se* ('., *cam-f (i.-f /w-wtf* La 7 ., *t a-$ig-ge' f a- c cig- f/e, f a-rog-ye* C., all these seem to be of nearly the same import. These com- pounds have also assumed the character of an adverb, signifying, together, altogether. It'ra-me-ri' A///, id. _.... tfrd-ma 1. Cs. register, index. 2. 6'. judicial decree. 3. a species of grain, ace. to Wdii. = mgyogs-nds a kind of barley growing and ripening within 60 days; v. nas. Ih'ag (in Bal. still pronounced *Kray* elsewhere Vogr*), 6s. : resp. sku-mfsal, blood; *t : rn W. rheumatic pain (?) Knnj-rn clotted blood (?) M<>i- hemorrhage, bloody flux (?) Med. rarn'racn* ki'ay-Kriy one hundred thousand million, an indefinitely large num- ber Cs. ; ace. to L,e.r. = 1TO7T one million. cf. dkrigs-pa. krag-llruyCs. complicate, confused; Zam.: like a troop of fighting men, or like the loose leaves of a book. when out of order. Krag-Kr6g Lt.? T /raw v. krdd-pa Cs. stretched out; Krdd-por sdod-pa to sit (with the legs) stret- ched out (?). krdd-por skye-ba Wdii. a botanical term applied to the leaves of plants. nqn' tf- ra b shield , buckler; coat of mail, '^ scales Sc/t.; ace. to oral communi- cation the word in the first instance denotes scale (scale of a fish), and secondly coat of mail; consequently /crab-can 1. scaled, scaly. 2. mailed, armed with a coat of mail; fcrdd-mtcan armourer Glr. tfrab-tfrdb 1. a weeper, one that sheds tears on every occasion Sch. 2. MiL 92. 4? l-rdm-ka a cut, a notch (in wood), lines cut into wood so as to cross one another, as an ornament; krdm-siii a club-like implement, carved in the man- ner just mentioned, representing the at- tribute of a god. nyag-fcrdm a notch. /cram-pa I. ('. : a liar, xhi-btn- />!/<'ru-Kral corn- tax, tribute paid in corn, til-mdr-Kral tax, tribute to be paid in sesame-oil. 8V Kri (Cs. Kri-ma), Kri-Krdg, Kri-fso ten "* thousand, a myriad, Kri pyed dan ynyis ] 5 000 ; nyi- fen 20 000 ; bzi- Kri 40 000 ; brgyad-Kri bzi-ston 84 000, a number frq. occurring in legends. nV Kri, also Kriu, seldom Kri -bo, resp. ^ bzugs-Kri, seat, chair; throne; couch; frame, sawing-jack, trestle etc ; *gya-fi* an Indian (Anglo-Indian, European) chair: cos -Kri a professorial chair, pulpit Pth., reading-desk, table for books, school-table; *nye-fi* (v. snye-ba) a contrivance to rest the head on when sleeping on the ground W. nydl-Kri, resp. yzim-Kri, bed-stead; sen-ge-Kri throne; Kri-la bsko-ba to raise on the throne; Kri-la c K6d-pa to preside, to hold the chair. As the Tibetans generally sit on the bare ground, or on mats, or carpets, chairs are rather articles of luxury. Comp. and deriv. Kri-ydugs po. the sun. Kri-paCs. a chairman; one sitting on a throne. Kri-~pdn 1. 6s.: the height of a chair, a high chair. 2. mcod-rten- gyi Kri-cpcir'i the same as ban-rim. Kri- mvn or mon Pth., Tar., prison, dungeon. "VV-s?V/, (iu-sin*, the common, plain word for chair. Kri-le-ba fear C. (?) Krig-Krig 1. so Krig-krtg byed-pa to gnash, grind the teeth Mil.; fzi'igs-po to shiver, shake with cold, terror, rage Mil. 2. col. for tig-tig. rarn^T ^ r *9* plentiful, abundant Sch.; za- ^6g Krigs-se silk-fabrics, silks, in abundance Mil.', Krigs-se gan quite full Sch. ; Krigs-se byed-pa to treat, to entertain plentifully Sch. mr- qms- K^, Jtrid, instruction, teach- ing ; Krid ^debs-pa to give in- struction, to instruct, tirid-pas-cog I am willing to give you instruction, you may have lessons with me Mil. ; Krid bsdd-pa to give instruction, to make admonitory speeches, to give parenetical lectures; Krid zdb-po thorough instruction; slu-tfrid in- struction to an evil purpose, seduction, v. slu-ba; sna-Krid Lex. guide, leader. Krid-mKan col. teacher. Krid-prug scho- lar, pupil. Kridr^pa v. c Krid-pa. Krims 1. right, not in the abstract sense in which the word is gene- rally understood with us, but in more or less concrete applications, such as administration of justice, law. judgment, sometimes also implying custom, usage, duty. Accordingly rgydl-po, or btsi'm-po Krims-med means an unjust king, an unprincipled priest or ec- clesiastic; Krims bzin-du, Krims dan mfim- par conscientiously, justly; in conformity with custom, duty, law; cos-Krims religious right, coming nearest to our abstract right; when, for instance, in Glr. king Srori- btsan-sgam-po says: rgydl-Krims cos-Krims- su bsgyur I have changed the right of a king into that of religion, he means to say: I have subjected my own absolute w r ill to the higher principle of universal right. A somewhat different sense conveys Glr. 97, 4: cos-Krims O jig-pai gros by as they conspired to extirpate the religious principle of administration. 2. law, dge- ba bcu dan Iddn-pai Krims a general law. founded upon the ten virtues Glr.; des cos-Krims daii rgydl-Krims ynyis ytdn-la pab, he regulated the spiritual and secular law Glr. 97, 1.; bka-Krims resp. law, as a collection of precepts, decree, command- ment; Icrims cd-ba to enact a law. to pub- lish a decree, frq. ; Krims sgrog-pa to pro- Rril 51 claim an edict; mfo-ba /trims -kyis ynon he limited the power of the nobility by laws Glr., Krints-yiy code of law C. ; Kritus also a single precept, rule, commandment Dzl; Burn. I, 630. 3. administration of justice, cos-kyi Krims the ecclesiastical, dpon-yyi Krims the secular civil, exercised by the Krims -dpon; liiys ynyis-kyi Krims a twofold jurisdiction, a combination of the ecclesiastical and secular administration of justice (as it existed among the Jews); krinis srun-ba to observe, to act according to, right, custom, duty; also to exercise jurisdiction, to goyern, to reign; to bridle, to keep in check Glr. 95. 9.; Krims byed- pa id. ni f. fsul-Krims a spiritual pre- cept or duty ; also a frequent man's name. - 4. action, lawsuit, W. also *fim-sdys* or only *says; yan ziy tim-si pi-la* W. for the sake of some law-suit, *fim tdn- ce* to sit in judgment, to try, to hear causes; *fim erf -pa* C. = *tim td/t-cc* W., means also to pass sentence, to punish, *tim dag- po to/i-wa* to inflict a heavy punishment; mi -la Krims -bead poy he incurs, suffers punishment Pth.; *fim zu-ce* W. to go to law, to commence an action; *tim zu- KIIH* W. plaintiff; *(im tun-Kan* W. ma- gistrate, judge; Krims -dpon B., C., W., superior judge, chief-justice; */' im-kyi duy- po* C. id.; Krims-yyuy apparitor, beadle r.s. ; krimx-pa lawyer, advocate Cs. (seems to be little used); Krims-Kan court, court of justice, tribunal; Krims-ra id. ; place of execution. 5. use, custom, usage that power to which people in general show the readiest obedience, and which in every sphere of life forms the greatest obstacle to reforms and improvements. ffril v. Jcrtt. Ki'i*! K'ris-j('njs peace, v. Jays. rjv Km (/cru-ma Cs.) cubit, a measure of b eighteen inches, from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger. The aver- age height of a man is assumed to be four cubits, that of a short man three. Km c)dl-ba to measure with a cubit mea- sure Cs. lh-a-ba sometimes for Jcru-ba. Kru-yzg a pit filled with corn (?) Sch.; in Mil. Kru-sloy-pa stands for digging, breaking up the soil, gardening. Kru/t-lciit/i (Ssk. ^fr^") crane, Grus cinerea. (3^* K-fun height, length, extension Lea;., Cs. Ns nqq- Knd 1. Krul )toit-ba to let fall, to <3 drop (several things at intervals), mci-ma tears Mil. 2. *da-ful* W. inter- calary month. i'zf Krul-po C. 1. cheerful, merry. - 2. fornicator. Krid-ma 1. W. */, : u-wa ful-ma* crooked handle, crank (spelling un- certain). 2. C. a whore. Mu-Krum, Sch.: Knim-Kn'an ^ byed-pa, Lt.: krum-Krinn brduii- ba to pound in a mortar. * Krums-stod, and -smdd, two Nakshatras, v. ryyu-skdr 3f&. Krus 1. pf. of Jct'u-ba. 2. sbst. < bath, washing, ablution ; Krus-Ku, water for bathing, washing or rinsing; dish- water; Ifrus byed-pa to bathe, to use baths Dzl. ; Krus-la ^yro-ba to go to bathe Dzl. ; Krus ysol-ba resp. to take a bath Glr., also to administer a bath to another (cf. ysol- ba) Glr., Pth.; esp. as a religious cere- mony, consisting in the sprinkling with water, and performed, when a new-born infant receives a name, when a person enters into a religious order, or in diseases and on various other occasions (cf. Schl. Buddh. p. 239, where the word is spelled (drus). Therefore 3. baptism, and k'l-us ;soZ- baio baptize T///-. R. and P. Krus-kyi rdziii. pond, pool for bathing; Rno-Xdn bathing- room or house; Krus-sder basin, washing- bowl Sch.; Kms-biim sacred watering-pot; K'rus-y%6it bathing-tub Sch.; knis-fser bath- ing-water Sch., but in Lt. this word re- 5-2 P I" Kr&rn lates to a certain medical procedure or method of curing. m- kre (Ssk. finnr) millet, /.re-cd/l Mur- wa-beer Sik., v. Hook. Himal. Joum. "{? /vr-fee Chinese vermicelli T. (*f e-tse*). cn^f'^I" kregs-pa v. mKreys-pa. Krel, resp. fuys-krel 1 . shame, shame- facedness. bashfulness, modesty; */;V/ kdb-ce* W. v. yebs-pa. 2. piety, esp. W. - 3. 6'. disgust, aversion. Comp. and deriv. Rrd-yad a scorn- ful laughter. Krel-can Cs. bashful, ti- mid; W. pious, faithful, conscientious. - Krel-ltds, Krel-ltos, dread of wicked actions; Krel-ydo-n (lit. a face capable of shame) id. *t el-dad-can, fel- dod-can* W. fond of making others ashamed. Icrel-lddn = krel-can. krel-ba vb. to make or to be ashamed, *t'd son* he was ashamed, *iel- ce mi yon* W. he is not put to shame; C. also: to get into a passion; sbst. shame, Krel-ba dan ito-fsa-ba med he has no shame nor dread Dzl., *el-wa yod* W. it is a shame. Krel-med (-pa), W. *Krel- med- (/can) shameless, insolent. *fel-+<>* object of disgust, C. Krel-yod chastity, modesty, decency, Tcrel-yod-pa chaste etc., L : rel-yod-par byed-pa to behave chastely etc. Icrel-sdr = Urel-med. 'Tlf lc,*es-po Thyy. load, burden, = far. j^ Kro 1. a kind of bronze, of about the same quality and worth as O kur-l><)('f/-po botanical term, used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately. fgr-r- kroii-nS upright, straight, erect, (cf. " kmit,) Glr., Mil. rfirfrf Kron -po, *f6n -po* Ts. close-fisted. stingy. ffirvq'-) Krfal(-pa), W. *fd (-pa)* crowd, assemblage, mass, multitude; mi- /, : n>d-du lha-yciy , joy-pas placing the prin- cess among their (the girls') company Glr. ; in W. *fd~pai nd.it -no* and *nd/'t-du* c. genit. is the usual expression for among. nrr. Lron claw, fang; //>;//-/;///* rko-bai ade ^ ^ the class of the gallinaceous birds S.y. jSgrcr Kfon-pa 1. well, spring. 2. Lit.: a wooden water kennel; Ih-dn-bu a little well; also n. of a medicinal herb, a purgative against bilious complaints Med. /, : rc> n-rdl.-ca the act of forgiving, pardon *SV7/. krM-po 1- sparkling, glistening, dazz- ling. e g. water when the sun shines upon it; *'od f,6l-po* W. brightness, splendour. 2. distinct, intelligible, *(s)pe- ra 1 6l~po zpr ml xf(s) W. he cannot speak distinctly. n-^ kr6l-mo W. brittle, fragile, opp. to Hrol-fsdy* 7>,/-., r. a sieve. /Y ;.s- y ^/ v. o /, : /r;-/^r. i)il>'(in, an affix to substantives and verbal roots, denoting 1. one who knows a thing thoroughly, making a trade or profession of it, su-'ili'u)i one who knows the country, the road, a guide, u pilot (Dd. 3?Y% 7); Idm-mKan id. Mil; sin-mk'an, worker in wood, carpenter, joiner etc. 2. affixed to a verbal root, it is often (at least in later literature) equivalent to the periphrastic participle, signifying: he who in any special case performs an action; so d6gn-ntJ\'an Glr., one who is binding, fastening; also with an objective case: iiai bu-mo jlod-mKan Glr. such as are courting my daughter ; bsdd-mKan the man having killed, the murderer. 3. In col- loquial language, esp. in W., it has on account of its more significant form en- tirely displaced the proper participle ter- mination in pa: *diii<- f nia /, : i/ct'-/> : an-iii mi* W. the men carrying the beam ; contrary to its original signification, it is even used in a passive sense : *sdd-Kan-ni luy* W. the slaughtered sheep. a clerical teacher, professor, doctor of divinity, principal of a great monastery, abbot, who, as such, is endowed with the mkan-rgyied, or spiritual gifts, handed down from Buddha himself by trans- mission, viz. dbat'i, lufi, l, : rid; next to him comes the slob-dpon, or professor in or- dinary. ml?dn-po ton -mi sdmbho-ta Dr. Thon-mi Sambhota; ml>'dn-mo mistress, in- structress (.'.: mKdn-bu pupil, scholar Tar.- mJtan-cen a great Doctor, a head-master; mkan-slob for mh'dn-po dan slob-dpon, e.g. bid- ma mlcan-slob-kyi bka the words of the Lamas, abbots and masters; also for mKdn-po daii slob-ma Glr. 1 00, 4. mKan- rdbs the series or succession of the abbots in the great monasteries Cs. m-Kan-rhn the respective prospects of being elected abbot, as depending on the different ranks of the expectant individuals. ^-Q. mh-a (Ssk, ^r) 1. heaven, heavens, gen. nam-mKa; mlg|'fqlV fabulous beings of more modern legends, v wise' women of supernatural powers, sometimes represent- ed like angels, at other times like fairies or witches. mka-mnydm Lex. like the heavens, infinite. mKa-ldin the sky- soarer, the bird Garuda, v. Jc.yun. mka- spyod wanderings through heaven Tar. 112, 4, also: enjoyment of heaven, en- joying or inhabiting heaven; mH'a-spyod- du yseys-pa to go to heaven, to die Mil. mKar 1. resp. sku-mUdr. Gl>:, castle, nobleman's seat or mansion, manor- house, frq.; citadel, fort Pt/i.; house in general Mil. 2. termin. case of mica. Comp. mfcar-dpdn governor of a castle, commander of a fortress. mKar- Ids C. and B., the work of constructing a castle, of raising an edifice; *Kar-len* W. id. mKar-sruii the guard or garrison of a castle, fortress Cs. mh : dr-ba 1. (also Jldr-bci) B. and C, staff, stick; mkar-yril staff of the mendicant friars, the upper part of which is hung with jingling rings; pyay- mMr resp. for mlcdr-ba. 2. bronze, bell- metal, v. Jcdr-ba. m>Kdl-ma kidney, reins, mKdl mdoy 'kidney-colour, dark red' Cs. mKds-pa Ssk. tfZ, (originally like oncfoc] skilled; skilful, in mecha- nical work, and so it is frq. used in col. language ; further in a more general sense : smdn-pa micds-pa a skilful, clever physi- cian ; experienced, learned, prudent, shrewd, wise; c. accus. or dat., in a thing; so-fsis- la in farming, cos in religion; slob-ma skyo/t-ba-la m/cds-pa an able tutor, peda- gogue Mil.; mKas-btsun-bzdii prop, denotes the qualities of a right priest: learned, conscientious, good, but sometimes it in- dicates only the position in society, the clerical rank, so esp. mtias-bfsim learned clerics, reverends Glr., mkds-po or -pa a learned man, a scholar, siion-yyi mkds-po- rnams learned men of former times; m/,-as- yrub id., ryya-ydr-yyt utkas-yrub-rnams &!R<3rCJ* mKy en-pa Indian scholars; it is also used like our 'most wise', 'very learned', and similar expressions in a pompous address Glr.; niLd.^mcuy profound scholar Zam. I never found the word applied to inanimate things in the sense of 'wisely contrived', and the correctness of Cs.: fabs mKds-pos 'by wise means" may be questioned. 5jp<^*j" niKitn-pa Sch. v. Kim-pa. N3 ^^ v. Kur-fsos. i>'6-ba desirable, to be wished for, ////,'6-bai yo-bydd, in 6'. also */co- jhe*, desirable things, requisits, wants, desiderata: *hindu-t{n-yyi mi-La ko-we fso/'t- zoy* articles of commerce, goods, commo- dities, such as they are called for in Hindostan; nye-bar mko-ba indispensable, most necessary. Cf. / r o. db Le.r. \. />m. mlcyud-pa Cs.: to keep, to hold, to embrace, = JUt/tid - pa ; i/pe- mfyitd Le.r. w.e.; Cs.: unwillingness to lend books. ilpf'-mUyud-cau unwilling to lend books, dpe-m1, : yiid byed-pa to be unwilling to lend books ; m/cyud-spydd a sort of bag or vessel for carrying something (?); sor- cery, witchcraft Sch. mkyen-pa, resp. for ses-jxt, riy-^a, yo-ba, to know, yab-yum-yyis mli'yen-par mdzod-ciy my esteemed parents may know Dzl.; to know, one man from another, ryydl-po mkyen-tam does the king, does your 'majesty know the . . . ? (the king himself will answer: nas MS-SO) Dzl. It is frq. used of the supernatural per- ception of Buddha and the saints , bsdm- pa day-par mKyen-pas as he (the Bodhi- sattwa) perceived the sentiments (of his scholar) to be sincere Dzl.; mUyen-par yyiir-to perceived, found out, discovered; to understand, ml^jen son-nam did you understand it? mtfyen-ryya-can possessed of much understanding, very learned Mil.: 'iitkifi'ii - Ulan -i/d/'/s -pa profoundly learned : mUyen-brtse Glr. prob. : omniscient-merciful: fa//ton-mK',yen = ye-ses, mt'/on-ses. tugs-mkydn is known to me only as a sbst. abstr. : the knowing, knowledge, prophetic sight, ije-btsim-gyis fugs-mlhjcn-qyis yzigs-pa Idgs-sam has your reverence seen by your prophetic sight? Mil. ; ace. to Cs., however, sku-mKyen, ysuii- mKyen and fugs-mMyfa are identical in meaning with mltyen-mKyen , a form of entreaty which, as a Lama told me, pro- perly has the sense: you know yourself best what is good for me! In accordance to this explanation we find in Mil. after an entreaty: bld-ma Kyed mKyen-mKyen. It is gen. added without any connecting word, like our pray, or please, but some- times it is construed with the inf. : mdzdd- />(') mKyen-mtiyen, please to do. mKran (-ba), also /era?/ hard, solid, compact; srd-mtfrdn-can O gyur-med Thgy. firm, hearty, sound, of a strong and robust constitution. mMrdn- pa denotes the fourth stage of the devel- opment of the foetus Thgy. r mtfrig-ma the wrist of the hand. .. *tigs-pa* col. W. (also Bunan) for: ~i.-..,p.. mtfris-pa B. and C. (S&k. fTjrf) bile, gall. 1 . the vesicle of the gall, the gall-bladder, as part of the intes- tines. 2. generally: the substance of the bile, the bilious fluid, which ace. to Tndo-Tibetan philosophy is connected with the element of fire, and which, conform- ably to its functions, is divided into five species, of which physiology gives the oddest details. mtcris-ndd bilious disease: m/cris-fsdd prob. bilious fever: grdn'inKris a feverish shivering, a chill. mfais-ma Lex. w.e., perh. = / : /'/,s. 55 we cause vexation to ourselves (by mind- ing too much the affairs of others): Jtan animosity. /v/v/ rnati there occur many collisions, quarrels Mil., dpon-sUb re /y/// O byun there arise mutual differences, ani- mosities, between masters and scholars Mil. J'ad-pa esp. W. 1. to sit, to sit firm, rtai lid-ru on the back of a horse. 2. to remain sitting, to stick fast, to be stopped, kept back, e.g of a bird, myius, in a snare: rkdh-pa Jiad-de O gyel- ba to get entangled with the foot so as to fall: sgo J, : ad O dug the door sticks. Cf also Kad-pa and bkad-j)a. qm^-q- Jt.dm-pa 1. to faint away, to swoon. 2. Sch. also: to take into one's mouth. Qra^'q' Kdr-ba I. sbst. 1. staff \.mKdr- ba. 2. bronze, bell-metal, Mr- (bai) cu molten, liquid bronze, Jfdr-bai me-lon a metallic mirror; Jfar-rnd gong, used in India and China instead of bells: Cs.: a drum of bronze; yet it is rather a large bronze disk, producing, when struck, a very loud sound like that of a bell. Kar-yzon a dish or basin of metal: J?ar- zdns a metallic kettle. II. vb., in C. the same as Jldd-pa. 2. in W. intrs. to dgar-ba. o Kdr-Jfu-ba to resist Sch. hard, firm, e.g. snow; *go- W. obstinate, stiffnecked. stubborn. Jtd-ii-ba (not: to put a fault or crime on another fs., but:) to hurt or offend, to annoy, to vex, fsur-la /. : // Qraorn* Jfal-ba, pf. and fut. (imp. /W?), W. *kdl-ce* 1. #., C, W.: to spin, bal, wool, skud-pa a thread, srdd-bu yarn. - 2. W. to send, to forward, things. to offend, insult, Bhar. {Lea-. injury); Ku- Krig, ace. to the context, denotes certain passions that disturb the tranquillity of the mind, such as malignity and covetousness: /> : o to shrink, to be conti acted, e.g. of the limbs, by gout; *yur-ra raii-zin Jcu ni- ce yin* W. the ditch will get narrower of itself; Rums-pa shrunk, shrivelled, con- tracted; fig. reduced, restricted, deprived of power. q_^^.~. Jums-pa Le^. and Cs. to com- >o prehend, understand; Sch. also: to practise, to impress on the mind. -__._. Jlinr-ba 1. sbst /tir-ba, pastry. >o II. vb., pf and fut. liur, rarely bkur (v. bkur-ba) \. to carry, convey, lhir(-ru) Jcur-ba to carry a load : mi fey-par Jlur- ba Med. to carry too heavy loads, prop to carry what one cannot carry; *Kur soy* C., *Kurkyon* W. bring! fetch! *Kur soit* C. s *K'ur Jcyer* W. take away! carry off! Jcur-du foys-te taking up in order to carry, taking on one's back DzL; *ldy-par 1,'ur- ce* W. to hold in one's hand. 2. to carry away or off, ro Jcur-ba Pth., to carry away a corpse; to take along with, in W. even: to pocket, *sem-la Kur-ce* W. to take to heart; *'d-ne Kur-ce* to take a wife, to marry. Kur-fag carrying-girth, rope or strap Thyy. Cf. fcur, Uur-ba etc. Jcur-fsfa v. tfur-fsos. KM>-ba to subdue, to subject C*. ; Sch. also: to be uneasy about. Liejc. : yyoy-tu Jliil-ba ; v. also Ihd 3. Zam. ; Ural Kul-ba perh. to force a tax, a rate, on a person. % 8 -P pf- %* to hinder, stop, shut off, debar, lam the way Mil.; ji-ltar bkay run ma Keys- pas Mil., although they prohibited, tried to proh. him), he was not prohibited; ryydl-bui pydy-yis kyar't mi Kegs-pa Mil. not being hindered even by Buddha's power. o^/is -pa, pf. Kens, to be full, cus ket'ts yod-pa Gl/:; bio-yros ma fans - te his mind not being satiated Tar. 135, 13. a pf. /WAS, to cover, to spread over, ijo/ts-s-u kcbs-te being covered all over $ty.; Ka fams-cad /,'ebs-te over the whole face Sty.; to overshadow DzL <5^, 17. qraorq- M-ba pf. Kel 1. to put on, to load, to pack on, =^qel-ba; bcu-foy Kel-na when the ten stories or lofts shall have been put on Mil.nt. 2. to spin, =^ Ml-ba ., Glr. Jti-ba (vb. to nt-K-6-ba\ to wish, to want, to think useful, serviceable, necessary, to have occasion for Mil.; K6- ste O o/t he will be able to make use oi it Mil.; * t?6a mi Jed* or * K6-ce med* W. I do not want it, I do not like it: Ko-bjed fit for use, useful. 'jn* J*'oys - pa \\ T eak from old age, decrepit, decayed ; rgan or rc/as- O koys id.; sno-koy, skya - K6g (sic) Thyy. with a complexion blue or pale from old age. /, : 6/t-ba (cf. syon-ba) to contract one's limbs, to sit in a cowering position, to squat; to hide one's self; dpa Ji6h-ba to become discouraged, dishearten- ed Thgy. G&' EK- o^ Rod 1. surface, super- ficies; sat O f, : od snyoms-pa to remove inequalities of the surface, to level, to plane, />'od - snyoms - pa levelled, made even, plain; also fig.: bdr-yyi fad snyoms gaps were filled up, i.e. distinctions of rank, wealth etc. were done awav with, not in consequence of a revolution, but as an act of kindness, forced upon the people by a despotic government. 2. a mill-stone, *yd - Ko'* the upper stone, *md - Hci 1 * the nether stone C. Qmr-^j- Jfddrpa to sit down, to sit; bar- mdt't-la, suspended in the air, floating, soaring, frq. of gods and saints in legends ; ryyal - srt'd - l v - Kfo-yyd C. latch. o^-fc (&* ^li, n^r) 1. circle, fsogs-kyi Jcor-lo offerings arranged in a circle, v. fsogs: Jtir-lo O bri-ba to de- scribe a circle Tar. More frq.: 2. a cir- cular body, a disk, roll, wheel, any modi- fication of the cylinder, bcu-ysum-Jcor-lo the column on the mcod-rten consisting apparently of thirteen circular disks ; Jcor- lo brteib-brgydd the wheel with eight spokes, a frq. attribute of deities; rdza-mKdn-gyi K6r-lo potter's wheel; cos-kyi Jcor-lo pray- ing-cylinder, cf. below; also a compli- cation of wheels, wheel-work, engine, O prul- (gyi) Jcor(-lo) 'magic wheel', a phantas- tic attribute of gods, but also any real machine of a more ingenious construction, e.g. sugar - press Stg., electrical machine etc.; cu-fsod-Jcor-lo a clock; sin-rta-Jc,6r- lo waggon, carriage, also cart-wheel. - Figuratively: bde - ba dan sdug - bsndl - gyi Jcor-lo, vicissitude of fortune; dus-kyi K6r- 1 0^rn?TniO acc< ^ Cs.'s Chronological Table (Cs.'s Gram. p. 181) a later philo- sophical system, contained esp. in the rtsa- rgyud, Mulatantra, in which the Adibud- dha doctrine, prophecies, chronology etc. are propounded. It was introduced into Tibet about 1000 p. Chr.; cf. also Schl. 45. Kdr-lo sgyur-ba, or skdr-ba, with cos-kyi, to turn the wheel of doctrine, to preach, to teach religion, (vulgo under- stood only of the turning of the praying- cylinder); *co-kyi K6r-lo Un-mor be* -pa* C. to devote one's self to the preaching of religion. On the other hand: K6r - los sgyur-bai royal -po (^jftgjfl^) Will.: 'a ruler, the wheels of whose chariot roll everywhere without obstruction, emperor, sovereign of the world, the ruler of a ca- kra, or country extending from sea to sea 1 . In this Indian explanation two different etymologies are given, the former of which is undoubtedly the original one. Buddhism and the Tibetan language have added a third signification, 'praying-wheel': modern scholars a fourth, that of the 'orb' or round of transmigration or metempsychosis: hence the confusion attaching to the import of this word. *Kor-l6g* is said to be used in col. language instead of lea -16 3. W. K6r-sa = skor-lam v. skor - ba I. extr.; K6r-sa bdr-pa, cen-po Glr. Jlor-yswm, lit. three circles, Ssk. trimandala\ Sch.: 'every thing that belongs to archery' ; more cor- rectly: arrow, knife, and spear. M-ba p 59 M-ba I. pf. M, cf. sM - foz, to boil, to be boiling, cu Kol the water is boiling; Kol jug-pa to make boil, to set to the fire for boiling, = skol-ba; to ferment (dough), to effervesce, to sparkle (beer) W. II. pf. bkol, imp. Kol 1. to oblige a person to be a servant or bond- man, to use as a servant; in full: bran-du, also yyog-tu, K6l-ba\ therefore bran -Kol, M-po servant, man-servant: bkol-spyod-kyi sdug-bsitdl the calamity of servitude, cur- rent expression for designating the lot of animals; yzdn-dag-gis dbdii-med-par bkol- ba to be enslaved by others, to be com- pelled to do slave - work Thgy. ; dge - bai Ids-la bkol-ba to make a person minister to works of virtue. 2. to save, to spare, to enjoy with moderation 6s., zur-du . . . bkol-ba Lex. ; Sch. : saved, laid up, put by. - 3. Sch.: to become insensible, to be a- sleep, to get benumbed, in reference to the limbs; seems to be used in Med. Kos 1 - ^' also o^ s -^ a (cognate to K6-ba), worth, value, importance 6s.; O fc6s-can important, mighty, of great in- fluence, Jcos-med the opposite of it. 2. K6s-su-pab-pa clyster Sch.; one Lex. has mKos-pdb, w.e. Jtydg(*)-pa,\to freeze (of water, earth, provisions) ; to coagulate, congeal (melted fat etc.). 2. to feel cold, Jhjdcjs-na gos gyon if you feel cold, put on clothes Glr., *Kyag jhun* C., *Kydgs-sa ray* W. I feel cold; Jcydgs-g-ri a feeling cold, a shivering (cf. ltdgs-gri) Mil.', *Kydgs- sa* W. id., the cold fit of the ague. - Jcy ays-rum, Jcyac/s-rom ice Glr.', Ji'yays- Ihdm snow-shoe Sch. o kydm-pa to run about, to wander, e.g. cd-med yul-du in an unknown country Glr.; Jcor-bar in the orb or round of transmigration, v. Jcdr-ba; Jtydtn-ste nor ltd bdog - pa ziy one who lives as a va- gabond DzL; de-dag-ni rndm-par Jtydm- pao they are mistaken, on the wrong track Wd/t.; Jcydm-du )uy-pa to cause to ramble or rove about, to scatter; Kydms-pa strayed, lost, wandering, vagrant; erroneous, erring Tar. 153, 15. Jcydm-Kyi a vagrant dog. O fcydms-po 1. a vagabond. 2. n. of a disease Med. 3. erroneous Tar. cu Kydm-pa inundation, flood Ma. Q Kydr-ba to err, to go astray, to deviate from, *yan Kydr-la ma ca* Ld. do not step out of your rank! do not absent yourself! Kyar dogs yod one should be afraid of going astray Thyy. ; dpe Jcydr- po a defective simile ; fsig O kydr - po an inadequate designation. In Tar. 48, 4 dpe Jtydr-po is translated 'epitome' by Schf., but the whole passage is somewhat obscure. ydl-ba = kyal-ka q.v. Kyi-baSch.,\>YO\). an incorrect read- ing for Kyil-ba. T <$yty~P a > P^ bkyigs, fut. bkyig, to bind (a prisoner, a bundle of straw etc.) ; *kye* (v. ske) *Kyig-pa* C. to strangle, suffocate. ]* %*# s -p a * comprise, encom- pass Pth., v. pan-pa. Kyid-pa, Sch.: mig Kyid-pa to turn or roll one's eyes. .-.... Kylms-pa 1 . to be encircled with a halo, as the sun and moon sometimes are 6s.; O og-Jcyims Lex. qfTfaf halo ; also O ja-6d JSyims a rainbow-coloured halo appears Pth. 2.:*na-bun* or*mug-pa Kyims, dud-pa Kyims*, fog, smoke, comes floating on. qm^-q- Kyir-ba to turn round in a cir- cular course 6s., Lex.iydugs Jzyir- ba to turn a parasol round (?). c^,.-. Jtyil-ba vb. n. 1. to wind, to twist; dun yyds-su Kyil-ba a triton or trumpet-shell, wound to the right, and then considered particularly valuable, these shells generally being wound to the left; of the hair: gyen-la O fcyil-ba wound or twisted (on the crown of the head) Glr. ;, ro-smdd brul - du Jlyil - ba the lower part of the body being wound into a serpent (the usual manner of representing the '&'); f od-du Jcyil-zifi, the body enveloping itself in light Mil. ; to roll: nya yser-mig Jtyil- 60 ba yod the fish rolls its golden eye Mil.; to whirl, to eddy, to move round rapidly, of the water, so prob. Dzl. 3, 13; ?, 2; Jfrom dmar-ndg Q Kyil-ba the motley crowd in a whirling motion Pth. ; to hang or flow down in folds, of a tent or a curtain Glr. 33, 12. 2. to flow (whirling) to- gether, used of rivulets and brooks over- flowing so as to form small lakes Mil.' of persons: to meet, to flock or crowd together, mi mdn-po de-ru Jcyil-bar yyur- te Pth.; *Kyil-cu* and *cu-Kyrt* col. puddle. Q'CT Kyu-ba, pf. Jtyus to run Lex. - ts- ; to run; Kyuy-po a runner; Jiyiiy-yiy run- ning hand, current hand-writing, as is used in the writing of letters etc.; Jcyug-po Jcyu- ba Lex. is explained by Sch.: to run away hastily. The signification of running, how- ever, seems to be obsolete, whilst the usual meaning is: 2. to dart or sweep ra- pidly along, frq. used of a flash of light- ning, also of the rapid motion of a fish in the water Mil.; of spectral apparitions Mil.; of acute rheumatic pains: of the light: to flash, to shoot rays of light, Kra- Kyuy-Kyuy-pa to gleam, to sparkle with light, to shine in various colours l*th.; ser- Kyuy-ye-ba glittering in yellow lustre Mil.; to glitter, to shine, of the rainbow; to shine through, of the veins through the cuticle etc. -- *Kyuy-sar-cdn* W. hasty, hurrying, careless. Kyud~pa 1. to embrace frq., mgul- nas Jf.yud-pa to clasp round the neck, to hug; to encompass by spanning Pth. and elsewhere, cf. Jcyiys-pa. 2. to glide in or into (as serpents), mndl-du Kyty-pa of the soul in the new concep- tion, like the synonym O kril-ba, for )uy- pa. 3. to be able, *ndd-pa mdl-sa-na Idn-it a* (instead of Ian-bar) *mi fcyud* the sick man is not able to rise from his bed. - bios mi Jfyud-pa byed-pa Thgy. (not clear). Qra^'IT J'-bct Cs. : to be separated, di- S5 vorced; Lea". : bski P f - fy a ^ im P- lift, lift up, = O fogs-pa, feys-pa Glr.; to carry, bring, *sol-)ha tcyoy* bring in the tea C., cf. sub Kay. %W> or tiyog-P crooked, bent; Kyoy-poi ri-mo a crooked figure, a curve, flourish, crescent etc. ; nyas pur Q Kyoy fsur Kyoy byds-si/i the fish winding its body, writhing Pth.; Kyoy-can, Jfyoy- Jsyoy tortuous; Jcyoy-bsdd a crooked, out of the way construction or explanation. O f> : yoy ston-pa to fly into a passion (?) tickling (..; go-go-Mi . byed-pa to tickle. ga-ge-mo such a one, such a thing 6s.; such and such; v. ce-ge-nw. cn-m*' g a - g n a melon Cs. (some Lexx. ' have: cucumber, others: barley). cn-^' qi'Jsr ga-cfa,ga-cen some (people), a good many; a good deal W., C. 2-.--. ga-cdd without cause, involuntarily, ' e.g. to weep Med. OTT- gd-ta Ssk., ga-tai sde-fsan a particular ' kind of Indian hand-writing, besides Nagari and Lantsa Glr. ga-tJa , club, mace. 64 ga-dw gan ga-dur medicinal herb of an astrin- gent taste. .jfe. ga-dor Lejc. w.e.: sa-bai ga-don Sch. explains : the growth of a new branch on a stag's horn. ga- drds C. (pronounced *ghande*} how? ,y. gd-na = gan-na. where, used interr. and correl., frq. ; gd-na-ba and gdn- na -ba the same as a sbst, the wherea- bouts of a person, his place of residence; rgydl-po gd-na-bar, (or gd-na-ba der, gd- na O dug-pai\ gd-na bzugs-par) son he went where the king was DzL, frq. -- *ga-na- med* W. absolutely, at all events, *ga-na- med kal gos* it must be sent by all means ; *ga-na-med Ug-te tan yin* I shall give it back at all events (B. cis-kyan). ga-pur camphor Med. ga-bra n. of a medicine Med. ga-tsdm how, how much, how many how long, interr. and correl.; as much as, e.g. as much as you like (you may take) col. ga-btson an eruption of the skin W. ga-fs6d C. how much, *rin gha-fso* what is the price? rnva- cn-cn/ao; rnvr 9*-**, gd-fza, gd-sa 1 a jest. joke, laughter. gd-za dan rtsed-mo rtse Pth. they jest and play; also adj.: inclined to jesting, *di- rin gd - sa mi dug* he is not in a good humour, in good spirits, to-day W. -zud W. how, interr. and correl. ga-yzi W. squinting. cn-^' ra^^|- gd* W. at all events, by all means, = *ga-na-med* - gar -bob at random, hit or miss, at hap-hazard Sch. gar-nag n. of a medicine Lt. gdr-ba strong, gar- can strong beer. gdr-bu solid, not hollow Sch. gar -mo thick, e.g. soup, = skd-ba; gar-sld Sch. : thick and thin ; thick- gdr-za, native name of the district called by the Hindoos Lahul or La- hol (ace to Cunningham 'Lahul' is a cor- ruption of Iho^yul, southern country, which latter appellation, however, is not in use in that district itself). Here, in the village of Kyelang, a missionary station was es- tablished in 1857, by the Church of the United Brethren (Moravians), together with a school and a lithographic press, for dif- 68 gar-ldg fusing Christian knowledge by means of books and tracts. ga r -lg, Tar. 91, 7. 10. Transl. p. 317 : 'ace. to Was. a rapacious mountain tribe, north-east of Tibet; in the Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionary mentioned as 'Turushka". They are doubtless the same robbers, that are called 'Kolo' by Hue (II. p. 187), who were known to our Lama from Tashilhunpo as mgo-log, or Icait-mo- mgo-log, they having received this name ('queer -heads') in consequence of having their hair closely cropped. Possibly gar- log is the older and more correct form; cf. dar-rgyas-glin. enx- /r gar-sd the muscles of the thumb ('?) 1 Med. gal 1. importance, gdl-du O dzin-pa to consider of importance, to esteem highly Mil. ; gal-can Cs., more frq. gal-ce- ba important, de mi sin-tu gdl-ce-bar yod- do Glr., bsldb-bya gal-ce-ba Glr. important precepts; gal-cun unimportant, insignifi- cant; undervalued, slighted Mil.; gdl-po prob. = gal, Schr.; gal-po-ce-yi bzd-dpon the important, indispensable master of the house Mil. 2. constraint, compulsion, *na- la ghal )hun* C. I have been compelled. - 3. trap, snare C , W,, also Mil.; *gal- Item* W. id.; gal O dzug-pa to set a trap or snare. gdl- gdg Med. f -ta W. crow-bar, handspike. j'C* gdl-te 1- sbst., gdl-te mcdn-Kun bhig PthJ II. conj. if, in case, serves to introduce a conditional sentence, ending with na (which is the essential word, whereas gal-te may be left out as well): gdl-te . . ^oii-na if . . comes (fav . . . #/-) ; also followed by ya/t (kyan\ although black snow fell Dzl. (nas instead of na, frq. to be met with, is either merely a slip of the pen, or an impropriety of speech). gdl-te-na as one word, and with the signification of perhaps, or the Greek av (not 'if, C's.) I found only in a few passages of the Kye- lang manuscript of Dzl., where the edition of Sch. has gdl-te., which makes no sense. gal-srid W. = gal-te. In Lewin's Manual it often occurs in the sense of but, how- ever. ' gdl-mdo n. of a disease Med. Q.._. ydl-ba to force, to press something on a person (cf. gal 2), mi-la btson gal in-door confinement is forced on men Mil. yal-ro W. refuse, rubbish. gas v. ^yds-pa. ji' gi 1. num. for 33. 2. affix instead ' of kyi, after g and n; for the signifi- cation v. kyi. gi-yu the vowel sign ^5 i. 'having a white speck in the eye, wall-eyed (of horses)'. cn'pTr* gi-'icdii, Glr., gi-bdm Lt., also giu, ' ^ or yiu-wdn, Cs.: 'n. of a concretion in the entrails of some animals, used for medicine'. But Glr. 35, 9 an elephant has it on its neck, and ace. to oral assertions it is to be found also in the human head; a man. for instance, is said to have gi- ti'dn in his brains, if in his sleep he is heard to utter long-drawn humming sounds. eh-Q|r J western part of Tibet. CTjy gu-ti W. deaf (?). cn'X* gv-ru Ssk., spiritual teacher, father- NO confessor. 9 u ~ ru y Ld. colt or foal of an ass. * yu-ldn n. of a deity, resorted to by mothers for being blessed with children; ace. to Sch.: Siwa. CLT gu-le W- for gd-le q.v. ; yu-le-la id., slowly, softly, gently, without noise, *go yu-le-la <-ug* f shut the door gently! yu-ydr Sch. apparently the same. gu-*u WdL garment, dress (?). yuy-ye-ba bent, bent downwards (?), of leaves Wdn.; yuy pa id. crom' yuy-pa W. to rub or scratch gently, J ' to tickle. cnr- yuii I. J gun poy* W. I have suffered a loss (prop, damage has come over me). f gun-po Lh. expensive, dear. gun-dum a bottle-shaped or cylin- > ' > drical basket to put fruit in, Ld. (perh. akin to rkon-pa). CTI^'^I" gum-pa v. O gum-pa. NO m^- gur, resp. bzugs-gur, yzim-yur Cs., also %J dbu-gur C., tent, gos-gur Cs. a tent of silk, pi/in-yur of felt, sbra and re-gur of coarse yak's hair felt, ras-gur of cotton cloth; ryyal-gur Cs. 'a king's pavilion', dmay-yur a military tent. gur-mcog a magnificent tent, or yur-rgydl. is used by Chr. Prot. for the tabernacle. gur- fag the tent-ropes, *yur-ber* W., or yur-siii < '*. the tent-poles. gur-fog Cs.: 'the upper covering or outer fly of a tent'. <7 w/ *~ j-zol Cs. : 'the walls of a tent'. yur-kldJ passage for the smoke out of a tent, gur- 70 gur-kum O gram lattice in the side of it, and gur- Icdm stakes supporting the roof Sch., peculiar expressions relating to the felt- tents of the Mongol nomads. ZMVfttj' CTJ^TTW- gur-kiim, gur-gvm 1. NJ >J ' NJ >J saffron. Croc us Glr.,Lt. 2. marigold, Calendula, and similar yel- low flowers C. -.,, yur-giir Ld. a small churn used for >J >J preparing tea. TC-omwr gur-lpdgs a perforated skin, a J 3 ! hide full of holes Sch. ' gul-gul Bal. slowly, for gu-le. gul-ndg Lt. n. of a medicine. gus-pa sbst. respect, reverence, de- >o votion; also adj respectful, devout; dge- diin-la gits-pas pyag O tsdl-lo the priest- hood I respect with devotion; ma-giis-pa unbelieving, undevout Thgy.; *gus-zdb co- re"' W. to show a respectful willingness to serve; humble, (jus- par ^gyur-ba Cs.: 'to humble one's self; in modern letters = p-ran, your most humble servant. I* gus-po C., W., expensive, costly, dear. ge num. for 93. a kerchief for the head hanging down behind. ge-sdr 1. 6s. n. of a flower, Lt. and elsewhere, prob. = %^fT; it is said to grow in Nepal, and to be called also pdd-ma ge-sdr. 2. Sch.: pistil, but, like ze- bru, it signifies undoubtedly the organs of fructification in general, as the natural science of Tibet is certainly not acquainted with the sexual difference in the parts of flowers; ge-sdr-can the lotos flower Sch. 3. n. of a fabulous king in the north of Tibet, with the epithet dmdg-gi rgydl-po Glr. and elsewh. ; ge-sdr-gyi sgrun the fa- bulous history of the same. JJWWT 9 e( J s hindrance, impediment, obstacle. gegs-med-par without hindrance, unimpeded, fe-fsom dan gegs sel-ba to re- move doubts and hindrances Mil. ; gegs- byed bgegs a malignant spirit, causing im- pediments or mischief Zam.\ cos-mdzdd yons-la gegs byed-pa to throw obstacles in the way of all pious people Pth.; sans-rgyds mi fob-pai gegs bzi four obstacles to at- taining the Buddhaship Thgy.; also with- out a negation : fob-pai grogs O gro-am gegs- su O gro will you help me or hinder me in obtaining . . . ? Mil.; O grub-pai gegs impe- diment to perfection. ^pJ'J* gel-pa branch of a tree, sin-gel-pa. qy go 1. numerical sign for 123. 2. num. ' inst. of dgu-bcu, in the abbreviated num- bers go-ycig etc., 9199. 3. for go-ca. 4. for go-bo. qy go 1. place, room, space (prob. = gu~); in this sense it is used in go-mfsams- mi'd-par without intermediate spaces, con- tinuous; O bru sna fsogs go-mfsams-med-par slyir go mi cod why should it not be sufficient that I be condemned to exile instead of my son? Pth. 2. the proper place of a person or thing among other persons or things, position, rank, condition of life, so in many of the following com- pounds, the word being seldom used alone: pai gor in the place, office, dignity of his father DzL; go-nas according to, in pro- portion to Glr. ; go rgds-na when rank and 71 Go-ta-ma dignity are grown old and gone, when the position in life has been lost Glr. ; hence f/o-rgds may be applied to an old maid (Schr.y, rdit-gi go O diig that is my place, my business, like ca; also place, space, spot in a still more general sense : 'd-mai go-na at the place of my mother, with my mother Glr. ; ran - O fdg-gi go-no, near the mill Glr.; go ldog-pa (zlog-pa, log-pa) to change place, esp. to turn to the contrary S.g. ; ndd-go the seat of a disease Sch.\ go-byed is mentioned as a quality of the air S.g. ; sprin-gyi go-bat' 'pye-nas ^ons, we came parting the space between the clouds Mil. ; sprin dkar Idin-gi go-cog Mil. ? 3. armour, gen. yo-cd. Comp. go-skdbs lit. a chance of taking place, of existing, bde-bai go-skdbs gd-la yod Pth., where is there a possibility of being happy? go-skdl C. the share or portion due to a person in accordance to his rank. go -Kan arsenal Schr. go- Krdb coat of mail with helmet, armour. go-grdl rank, dignity Cs. go-grds id. Cs. - go-rgds v. go 2. go-ca 1. armour; often fig.: bzod-pai go-ca bgo-ba, or gon- pa, to put on the armour of patience; mi- jigs-go-ca the harness of intrepidity. 2. gear, implements, tools in general, bkra-sis xriin-bai go-ca (charmed) instruments used for securing future happiness (in behalf of a new-born infant) Med. go-mnydm C. of equal rank. go-fern degree of dignity or rank Cs. go- dun sna- dun, of different sorts, various Lex. go-ldog (cf. go-ldog-pd) the contrary, reverse, opposite; wrong, perverse, de-las go-ldog the contrary of it Med.: *go jug go -log -la* W. head fore-most; * go-log co-be* W. to go to work in the wrong way, * go-log di-ce* to write wrong. go-pdn(s) 1. degree, rank, dignity, blon-poi go-pdit-la bkod-par O gyiir-ba Pth. to be installed into the dignity of a minister: go-pan spdr-ba Le.r. to raise the dignity. 2. model, pattern, standard of perfection (?) r.s. go-mfsdms v. go no. 1. go-mfson harness and weapons. go-rim \. order of rank Glr. 2. succession, successive order, turn. qym- go-Ka the place (near the hearth) for firewood Mil. ^^ go-ba I. vb. 1. to understand, com- prehend, W. *hd-go-ce*; go-dkd-ba difficult, hard to be understood, go-sld-l>a easy to be understood, intelligible; *gho- de-wa yon* C. now it becomes intelligible, thus it will be understood; go-byed-brdd Lex. an explaining, illustrating symbol; go-zin rtog-pa to take in and comprehend; brdd-ru go this I understand to be a sym- bol Pth. ; go-bai yul, go-byai yul a subject intelligible to all Schr. 2. to mean, to imagine, par that. Glr.; go-nor-ba to mis- understand, to mistake, to be mistaken. II. sbst. perception, comprehension, go- ba bldit-ba Mil. to come to a right com- prehension, a clear perception (of some philosophical or religious truth); go-bai mjdl-ba Lex.: 'mjdl-ba in the sense of perceiving 1 . ^y^ go-bo a large eagle or vulture, <.'., W. and B.; go-ser the common black- bearded vulture of the Himalaya, with a yellow neck , go-brim excrements of it Med. ^r.a.p,. go-byi-la Med. n. of a poisonous ' ^ medicinal fruit Cs. ; go-bye Med. id.? * go-yu Med., n. of a flower Cs. go-rdCs.\ 'prison, jail'; prop, a court surrounded by a wall. go-re-lan. a waiting-servant, page Cs. 3pT go-la Ssk. ball, bullet. 2n*QiJZ7|" go-log v. go-ldog sub go Cora p. go-sen v. go-cen. .^"' s " ran ' ( ' ^'S 11 '^' * ( J- sa cen-po, fdn- po* W. high in rank. Gou-ta-MiSp., Ld., and other parts of Tibet; gyan-sgrom pise -mould; gyan-skor pise -wall round an estate or village Glr.; gyan-ra cattle- yard constructed of pise; gyan-tse terrace wall of pise Ld.; gyan-rim one layer of pise, i.e. as much as is stamped in at a time, about one ell in height; this frequently serves for a measure of the depth of the snow Mil. ; gyan-ris fresco or wall-painting. cnr- gyad, also yy a d-pa, Ssk. ?flg 1. a ^ ^ champion, a man of great physical strength, an athlete, frq.; da-dun yydd-gyi tsal O gran let us try once more our strength in fighting Mil.; gydd-rdo giant-stone, i.e. a stone which only a giant is able to lift Mil. 2. n. of a people Tar. 11, 10. ZTJSW 9y an - r 99 u Med -> gyan-rgyui bu-ga, ^o yyan-i'gyui mfu ? ZTO3* yy am a shelter, a grotto large and ^ wide, but not deep (cf. skyibs), brdg- gyam a shelter under a rock; gdd-gyam a grotto beneath a conglomerate rock ; pon- gydm (for pa-bo ri-gy 'am) a shelter under a beetling rock: gydm-bu a little cover or shelter Cs. ;qfe" yyar-gyod prob. = gyod-fca, god-pa loss, damage. gyi for gyi, after n, m, r, I; v. kyi. gyi-na(-ba) 1. bad, coarse, mean. poor, miserable, of food, clothes etc.; gyi-na O fso-ba a miserable, starving life Pth. 2. unsteady, fickle Schr. ql'Sfc" yy^ n @b'' E. of an excellent breed of horses. erar gyfy caoutchouc, India rubber, gyig-sin, gyig-sdon caoutchouc-tree Sik. cn" 9yi n n - f a deity Pth., perh. = kin- kdn. qiQ'^f yyi n - mo W. gently sloping, gradu- ally descending or subsiding. 9r gyin v. kyin. gyim-bdg Q byuy-pa to gild in the fire Schr. yyis 1. inst. of kyis, after liquid let- ters. 2. v. byyid-pa. gyu Cs. = gya-yyu', cf. also syyu, gyu-ba v O gyu-ba. 6a. CTW ^-^crookedness, curve; hunch, hump, T Ns crookback, crooked ; gye-gu-can of a camel, yye-yur Q duy-pa being crooked, of trees, opp. to dran-po, Sty. * yye-yon n. of a Bonpo idol (?) Mil. (opp. to far) up, upward, up-hill, ^ ' mostly followed by du or la, gyen-du O dzey-pa to mount up, to ascend; gyen-du rdze-ba to turn up, to cock (a hat or cap); above, on the surface, gyen-du lus-pa to keep above (water) Glr. *yyen-la ddii-po* W. perpendicular, vertical; yyen-cdd (opp. to man -cad) the upper part of a country, pu-rig gyen -cad Upper Purig, Ld.-Glr. Schl. 26, b. also sbst. : gyen yzdr-po a steep ascent C. qj^* gyer v. dgyer-ba. gyes v. O gye-ba. -mo 1. gravel, grit Dzl., Stg. - 2. potsherd Cs.; gyo-dum id. 3. tile, brick Sch.; gyo-mgo id.; clay-vessel. In an allegorical comparison of the body with a house, the hair of the head is said to be like a po-yyo mo-gyoi rdza Med.f gyo-rtsi Wdn.? y yog-pa curved, crooked 6s.; gydg- po left-handed, awkward Sch. yy 9 s <-'. pronounced *ghyoy, ykyo*, tor syyoys cannon, large gun. qw-- gydn want, need, indigence, Ito-gos-kyi ^ gydn fey-pa to be able to endure want of food and clothes Mil. ; Kur - ba to be 75 grdgs-pa reduced to want. yyon-po (cf. kyon-po) hard, harsh, rough, rude, impolite, (srab-) K'a-yyoii-po hard-mouthed ; yyon-ro a dried up body, a mummy Sch. ; metaph. d>/r- yyoii a hard, cruel, dangerous enemy; Ka- yyoii-ce very rude, impudent Mil. 9fj w yyod v. O yyod-pa. gyod-Ka loss; quarrel, law-suit Sch. zf]X' r r gyon-pa to put on, to wear = yon- pa ; lies-la gyon-pai yos the garment that one wears DzL ; gyon-ryyu materials for clothing Mil. gyos - po father in - law , gyos - mo mother-in-law, yyos-syyug parents- in-law DzL, Stg. (In Ld. this word is rather avoided, sounding, as it is pronoun- ced there, much like the obscene rgyo-ba.') zn-grra 1. angle, corner DzL 93&, 13; lap, ^ lappet, extremity, gos-kyi grva coat-tail Tar. 98, 10 (seldom used).' 2. school, kloy-qrva a reading-school 6s.; sgom-grva Glr. and elsewhere: a meditating-school; siidgs-grva a school for mystical theology 6's.; O dul-yrva Glr. a training-school, se- minary; smdn-grvd a medical school; rtsis- grva a .school where mathematics are taught; yiy-grva a writing -school Cs. 3. a cell 6's. (?) 4. sometimes i'orgrvd-pa. Comp. grvd-kan school-house, school- room \*ldb-(]a-Kan* Wad. grvd-pa scholar, disciple, generally; monk, the lowest eccle- siastical grade; grvd-pa byed-pa to become or to be a monk. grvd-dpon school-master 6s. grva-pruy school-boy. grvd-fsdn the apartments in great monasteries, where the monks belonging to the same theolo- gical confession live together. grva-fsoys convention of monks. *da-sdy* cell 6'., W. yrva-sa monastery, grva-sa cen-po a great monastery; a school attached to such a one; mfsan-nyid-kyi grvd-sa zig a school of the Tsannyidpa sect; dei ston- pa-mams the teachers of such a school Mil. njV yrd-ti plate, dish Ld. grd-ba 1 . sbst, also yra-pdd 'a muzzle' Sch. ; a net before the window, to prevent passers-by from looking into the room Schr. 2. vb. to carve in wood. grd-ma 1. a beard of com, awn, Jbru grd-ma- can bearded, awned plants, such as corn etc. (opp. to O bru gdn-bu-can leguminous plants) S.g. ; the bones of fish v. nya. Zam.: a tree or shrub, prob. the Tibetan furze, Caragana versicolor. 3. a disease of the genitals, perh. venereal boils (condyloma) Med. ram- 9rfy~p<* I- sbst. 1. noise, rumour, talk, 6s. 2. the principal or most distinguished amongst several persons Mil. II. vb. = O grdg-pa, miii yan mi grdg- par so that not even the name is men- tioned any more Pth. grdys-pa I. vb. 1 . to bind Tligy., C., W., e.g. gres-po a load, a burden, also yrds-pa TJigy.; perh. also O grdgs-pa, ^rogs-pa q.v. 2. pf. of O grdg- pa. II. sbst. 1. fame, reputation, cha- racter by report, grdgs-pa ridn-pa ill name, bad repute Pth. ; rumour, report, del grdgs- pa cen-po bijuh the report of it spread, was circulated; in most cases it signifies good name, renown, snydn-pa daii grdgs- pas sai sten fams-cdd Kydb-pa Glr. the whole earth was filled with (his) fame and renown ; snyan-grdgs id. (Cs. : good tidings); grays -pa- can , snydn - grays - can illustri- ous, renowned; ryydn-nas grdgs-pa ce-ba of great renown, of celebrity at a distance, (of less significance when more closely examined) ; fame, glory, rnyed-pa dan grdgs- pa -la cdgs-pas DzL, greedy of gain and fame; yrdys-pa-cen-po is also the name of a goddess = dpal-lhd-mo. grags = grdgs- pa: grdgs- dod-can desirous of glory Mil.', grdgs-can W. (pronounced *rdy-cdn*) fa- mous, renowned; beautiful, splendid, glorious; proud, haughty (in this case perh. for SsK' ^Tfe 1- row, series, class, "^ esp. a row of persons, gral(-du) sgrig- pa to order, to dispose in rows, in rank and file; grdl-gyi fog-ma, hag, gon, more frq. gral-mgo the upper end of a row, the up- permost place, the seat at the head of the table; fd-ma, ,og or gral-mjug^-yzug} the lower end; gral mgo-ma the first, the head person Mil.\ yyas-grdl the right-hand end, yyon-grdl the left-hand end; gral-rim C. claim, title, rgan-yzon- gral-rim the right of seniority ; grdl-pa a beer-house customer; gral-ytdm tap-house talk Mil.; dban-grdl the row of supplicants for a benediction; meed -grogs dan dban-grdl mfun dus-su Mil. if you sit with your fellow-believers in one row, on one mat; *ce-ddl-la cud son* W. he has entered into the row, the class, of adults. 2. bench. 3. propor- tionality (?), *zen-rin dal-med dan* W. with his disproportioned length and breadth, his unwieldiness. 4. *mi zig-la clal zig <]ig- ce* W. (lit. sgrig-pa} W. to play a trick to a person. grdl-ma a small beam, rafter, Cs.; grdl-bu, gral-pydm S.g. roof-laths, sticks which are laid close together and covered with earth. 9 ra& c ' ass ' order, series; rank, dignity; tribe Cs. grds-pa 1. for drds-pa. 2. to bind, v. grdgs-pa. i- gri (so pronounced in Pur.} 1. knife, "^ g-ris y cod-pa, *di dan cdd-ce* W., to cut with a knife, but also grir riidm-pa, y sod- pa, ^um - pa Ma : to kill with a knife ; q-n->maq c/ri-so, gri-dno, gn-k'd the edge of a knife : gri-ldm lit. 'the path of the knife', the cut, incision; gri-giig Pth. a short, crooked sabre or sword, falchion, cimeter; g-ri-sd flesh of a man that has been killed with a sword, (used in sorcery). 2. Lt.: dar-mai ///// ^Tj'^^j" gri-mdg v. grib-ma. ^ir-rr- grin-pa Mil., prob. = sgrin-po skil- ful, clever. rnq- t/rib 1 . shade, grib - kyi pu Glr. the shady part of a valley on the north side of a mountain range, cf. sribs; grib- pyogs the side not exposed to the sun, north side, col., grib-lhdgs the coolness of the shade, the cool shade Sch.; grib-ma *di-mdg* W. shadow (cast by an object); del grib - ma gd/'t - la pog-pa on whom hi s shadow falls; gnb -f sod a dial Cs. 2. spot, filth, defilement, contamination, mostly in a religious sense: gnb yon pollution a- rises; ro-grib defilement by a corpse; grib- sel name of a Buddha; grib-(ki/is) non-gyi ydon a demon that defiles and poisons the food, a harpy; *K6-la (lib pog son* W. C. he is crack-brained, not in his right mind ; *dib-can* stubborn, refractory, whether from stupidity, or from ill-will. grim-pa to hasten, to hurry Sch. grim-tee Sik. a pair of scissors. srisisr ff* MedJ ( Lex - ^dV* q uadran ~ gular, regular, harmonious) Schr.: intelligent, clever. cnGT 9!- ( c f- <-9'ril~ba) & roll, sog-gril roll- ^ ed paper, a paper - roll ; gos - gril a garment folded up 6s.; gril-Ka byed-pa to make up a parcel Sch. q, gru 1. boat, ferry, ship, vessel, also a hide -d blown up with air, used for crossing rivers = *kc>-d ' to crumble, to bruise DzL; gn'tg-pai Jbras bruised rice Schr.; riis-pa cag-griigs fracture of a bone Med.; grvgs-bu some- thing broken. EVZ^f 9 n>t '' l -b a > gn<"-po, fem .grun- ' d mo 1. wise, prudent Mil.; also: gru/is-pa lags very learned Sir! Thgr. - 2. meek, mild, gentle 6's. cnq* 9^ Ld. all, *Jub si son* all are dead; ^ *dub zas son* it has all been eaten up, (v. the next word). __... gritb-pa, pf. of O gritb-pa 1. made <= ready, complete; perfect; (ma gn'tb- pa also: not existing); grub-pai rait-byon spyan-ras-yzigs Glr. the perfect, by him- self originated, Awalokiteswara = Uritn-yld-rtsi-me-tog Pedicularis megalantha, *gla-dd-ra* W. Delphinium moschatum, two alpine plants smelling strongly of musk; gla-sgdn n. of a medi- cinal root 6s.; gla-gldd v. glan-glad. 2. n. of a pretty large tree, similar to, or the same as stdr-bu Glr. nor q-nrar 9 la 9> b y a ~9 la 9 eagle, vulture; ' ^ I glag Krd-mo Sch., lag-fyi* W. (an eagle which is said to bark like 80 a dog), rgyab-gldg perh. different species of eagles. gldg-pa often used erroneously in- stead of rlag-pa. glags opportunity, occasion, possibi- lity, glays O fsol-bd to seek an occa- sion, to look for an opportunity; da glags rnyed-par dug now the favourable point of time seems to have come Glr.; esp. opportunity of doing harm to another, of getting a hold on him; glags rnyed-par mi gyur, he will not be able to get at you, to do you harm ; yso-glags med there is no possibility of helping him, he is incurable Med.; bzod- glags med intolerable, insup- portable, frq. ni- glan (Bal. */&*/**) 1 . OX, bullock. - 81 2. elephant. 3 Taurus, the Bull, in the zodiac. Comp. glan- glad 'bullock- or elephant- brains'; soap being made of such, ace. to popular belief: C. soap (Schr. gla-glad). gldn-to the Indian bison, Bos taurus indi- cus, Lh. glan-fug, glan ^.og-can a bull. glan-ddr-ma n. of a king of Tibet, liv- ing about 1000 after Christ, notorious for his hostility against the hierarchy of the Lamas. -- glan-dor a team of bullocks. glan-snd the trunk or proboscis of an ele- phant; a plant so called on account of the long spiral spur of its corolla, Pedicularis Hookeriana. glan-po glan. glan- po-ce, glan-cen, elephant, gldn-mo a female elephant, glan-prug the young of an ele- phant. glan-bu a young bullock, glan- ru a bullock's horn; also a large fork used by the Tibetan soldiers to rest the musket on, when firing (Hook. II., 235). pa- gldfi = glan-fug. $ lafl > ( J lan ~ fabs Med -> r zer - glan W., colic, gripes, spasms in the stomach, and similar affec- tions; glan-su Med.? 91C'3T yl"' ~ ma a I ar 8 e kind of alpine willow. me' glad 1. the head, glad -la round ^ the head, e.g. to brandish a sword, Glr.; as postposition used in a general gpg glin-bu sense: close over, cui glad-la close over the water. 2. brain Med., cf. kldd-pa. yl('td-pa to thin Sch. Cf. lhad, sldd- pa. mr-rt' ylan-pa 1. ylon-pa, to patch, botch, mend; glan brgydb-pa Sch., gldn- par byed-pa Lt. id.; Ihdn-pa gldn-pa to sew on a patch Lex. 2. to return, Ian an answer, to reply, rejoin Lex. 3. C. col for glen-pa; so also occasionally in books. " gldl-ba to yawn. fc, P r P- island, but usually: continent, part of the globe, viz. one of the four imaginary parts of the earth, as taught by the geographers of Tibet, or rather of ancient India: lus-pdgs the part east of the Sumeru, of a semicircular shape; O dzam-bu-gliii in the south, triangular; ba- glah-spyod in the west, circular; sgra-mi- snydn in the north, square. The general character of the first of these parts is de- scribed as being zi-ba tranquil; that of the second as being rgyds-pa rich ; that of the third as being dbati-lddn strong, and that of the fourth as being drdg-po wild. In a more general sense: region, country, so Ne- pal is frq. denominated rin-po-cei glin, the country of jewels and treasures, Urgyan mKa-groi glin the country of the Dakini, as is also Lahoul, in local chronicles; byai glin region or country of birds Glr.; the word is also not unfrequently a component part of the names of towns and villages. glin-prdn prop, a little island, generally one of the small continents, of which there are eight, ace. to the above mentioned geographical system; also island in general. glin-ka a small uncultivated river- is- land, or low-land C. glin-bu (Ssk. ^r) fife, flageolet, made of one piece of wood and much like those used in Europe as play-things for children; it is the common musical instru- ment of herdsmen, and often consists of two pipes; pred-glin flute, piccolo- flute. mostly of metal; dge-glin a larger musical SI' ^ N3 instrument like a hautboy, used in sacred ceremonies; rkan-glw lit. a fife made of the human femural bone, but sometimes also of metal. CT- glu (Ssk. ?fYfa) song, tune, mostly, Q though not always , of a profane na- ture, opp. to religious hymns; glu-dbydns, glu-sgrd, id.; the word is also used of the singing of birds; glu-cun a little song, ditty, hummed by a person Glr.; glu -res alter- nate song; glu-gar-rtsed-po rejoicings of every kind Glr. ; glu len-pa B., *lu gydb- pa* C., *tdn-ce* W., to sing. 9 lud > blud > glud-fsab a ransom, a thing giv- en as a ransom, srog-gi glud a ransom for one's life Lex.; Koi glud-du lug brgya ysod- pa, to slaughter a hundred sheep as a ran- som Mil.; *lu'-la tan* C. he is made an expiator, a scape-goat; *mi-ln* C. in a spe- cial sense: a man's image which in his stead is cast away in the ytor-ma : there- fore *Ko mi-lu' yin* C. he is a curse, an anathema, one deserving to be cursed (ni.f.). rglum boiled barley, wheat, or rice, used instead of malt in brewing beer (not for food). gj. qle 1. Glr. 60. a small uncultivated is- land, = glin-ka (Ld. *zal*). 2. n. of the capital of Ladak, usually sle. nl-nrxy^T' gle- dams n. of a distemper Cs.; involuntary discharge from the bowels, or of urine Sch. y lc $ s ( Cs - gty s - ma ) table ' board > plate; zdns-kyi glegs-bu copper-plate Tar. 26, 10; glegs-bdm (H^cfi) book, also dpe-ca glegs-bdm Glr.; glegs-bdm mdn-po bzens-so he made a present of, dedicated, many books (for the use of a temple); glegs-sin the wooden boards which in a Tibetan book supply the binding; glcgs-fdg a thong etc. fastened round a book; glegs- cdb a buckle, clasp, or ring attached to this thong. sgo-glegs the pannel of a door; *num-lag* writing -tablet, a small board, blackened, greased, and strewed over with scraped chalk, on which the school-children write with wood-pencils. If ff io 81 glen-la, pf . glcfm to say, talk, con- verse, ytam (-dii) glen-ba id., resp. ysun glen-ba; ( ldm-la ma far' zes glens-nas as word was sent: 'the road is not pas- sable!' Glr.; ytam glen-ba ni bddg-gis byas I have made this speech S.O. ; ycig glen ynyis glen rim-pas mced-de btsun-moi bdr- du glen-zin the rumour spreading from one to the other, until it came before the queen Pf/i.; cos-kyi sgrog-glen byed-pa, (resp. mdzdd-pd), to preach Glr. ; gros-glen council, consultation, perh. also disputation. Comp. and deriv. gleit-bijod, glen-mo sbst. conversation, discourse, lecture, glen- Irjod ma man dar-ycig yson listen a little to a short discourse Mil.; cos -ytam glen- mo byed let us converse on religious sub- jects Mil. ; glen-mo the act of speaking, opp. ioyi-ge, the act of writing, the written letter etc. Lex. glen-yzi 1. the subject of a discourse 6s. 2. table of contents, index S.O. and elsewh. 3. place, scene, of a conversation or discourse Stg. frq. glen-ba-po, glen-mo -mtfan a story-teller 6s.; glen-Jbum 'a hundred thousand stories', title of a book, Sch. nYr-q- glen-pa 1. B. and C. stupid, foolish, glen Ikugs bkol-spyod-kyi sdug-bsiidl the misery of stupidity, of dumbness and of servitude (the state of animals) Thgi:; byol-son-las kyan glen-po more stupid than a brute Mil. ; fool, Kyod-rnams re glen fools that you are all of you Dzl. ; often in the sense of 'fool' in the Bible, = the wicked, the ungodly: glen-pa yti-mug-can infatuated fools Dzl. 3Q, 9 = profaners of holy things; *len-ndg* W. id.; *len-ndg-gi pe-ra* foolish talk. 2. W.: idle, lazy, dull, imbecile, e.g. a sickly child, an animal affected with a disease (opp. to *tdm-pa, sdn-po* being in good health, active, lively). gleb-pa, pf. glebs, to make flat, plain Cs., leb-mor gleb Lex. glem-pa to press, squeeze; to crush, squash Stg., C. If ah (Ld. K * Wo *)> res P' s > L the ' side, esp. of the body, glos pdb-pa to lie down on one's side (lit. by G 82 glo-ba dgd-ba means of the side); glo-ca (/>(/. */c/o'-m*) ornaments, suspended on the side of the body, strings of pearls, shells etc., worn by women in the girdle; also in a general sense: srdn-gi glo )'yas yyon-na on both sides of the street Sty. ; perh. also side of a house, wall, in the expression: *kun-me lo tol* the thieves broke through the wall W.; glo-skdr window Pth. 2. saddle- girth W. 3. cough, *lo gydg-pa* C. to cough; (Sch. has: to err, to act foolishly, to lose, to neglect); *lo Idn-wa* C. to cough; ytt-Ua sra a bad cough Sch.; *lo-Jcog* C., W., cough; glo-rgydl Lt a chronic cough; glo-bstud Lt a permanent short cough. 4. Not quite clear is the etymology in glo rdeg-pa Sch.: to be frightened, timid, and glo rdeg (~tu) suddenly, = glo-bur q.v. Sn*n* ylo-ba the lungs, glo-ba ma Ina prob. the five posterior lobes of the lungs, glo-ba bu Ina the five anterior ones Med.; glo -Ha of a colour like the blood of the lungs, pale-red Sch,; glo-don windpipe 6s. glo-rdol a disease of the lungs; glo-rko perh. the same. glo-sbubs (Sch. spub) wind-pipe. *gU^ro* W. prob. pulmonary consumption. glo lu-ba Lt. 'convulsion of the lungs' Cs., or simply: cough, v. lu-ba. glo-bur 1. suddenly, instantaneously, also glo -bur -du^ glo -bur -bar; glo- bur -du mi mdn-po O ci-bai sdug-bsndl the calamity of many men dying suddenly; glo-bur-ndd diseases that arise on a sudden (opp. to lhan-skyes inherited diseases) Med. glo-bur-ba adj., glo-bur-bai don the sig- nification of suddenness Lex. 2. Cs.: 're- cently, glo-bur-du ^.ons-pa a new comer'. nyn qjr- glo- bur a rise, an elevation above ^ ^ a surface Sch. SJCT- glog (Bal. and Kh. *%log*\ col. also ' glog ka, lightning, flash of lightning; glog Jbar it lightens; glog Kyug id.; glog Kyiig-pai yun tsdm-las ma Ion-par with the rapidity of lightning Mil.; glog rgyit-ba the flashing of light, Dzl. ; glog-sprin thun- der-cloud, also as a symbol of the transi- toriness of things. z|prr]' g Ing-pa a disease, = lhog-pa. ^Tr-rj- glod-pa 1. to loosen, relax, slacken vb.a. Cs. 2. to comfort, console; to cheer up Sch.; glod-la rgyun-du bzugs your honour may be easy about staying here always Mil, cf. Utod-pa. 3. U: to give, ma bzun ma gl6d(-par} without any regard to taking or giving Glr. glon-pa, gldn-pa 1. to return an answer, to reply. 2. to patch, to mend, cf. klon-pa etc. m<5*ff*(j]* glidn-dho-la n. of a mountain in K' O Lh., perh. incor. instead ofgan- dho-la q.v.; it may also be de- rived from VTU^I bell, and thus the word would signify the same as dril-bu-ri, which is the name of another holy mountain, at the foot of which the nobleman's seat Gondla is situated. " dgdg-pa v. O gcgs-pa. " dgdt'i-ba v. ^ens-pa. dgah-yzdr v. yzar. dgdd-mo V gdd-mo. ^^nq'^J" dgdb-pa v. O gebs-pa. ^cnp-q- dgd-ba (Ld. col. *yd-ce*} I. vb. to rejoice, to be rejoiced or glad, la at, in, or of; de-la dgd-ste, rejoiced at it, glad of it, mi dgd-ste grieved, vexed, indignant at it; Brims yod-pa-la dgd-nas if you wish to have the law introduced Glr. ; ysod- pa-la dgd-zin sanguinary, de- lighting in blood-shed Dzl. ; bu-mo de-nyid- la dgd-bas, as I wish to have none other but this girl Dzl.; bod-la dgd-ba ycig kyait ma byun nobody took an interest in Tibet Glr.; Jcyed cii pyir mi dga why are you so dejected, low-spirited? dga bzin-du with pleasure (e.g. I shall accept it) ; rarely with the gerund: bram-ze da-run O dug-ste rab- tu dga-nas much rejoicing, very glad, when (that) the Brahmin was still there Dzl.; with the termin. of the inf. : to do a thing readily, willingly, nydn-par dgd-ba to like dgd-ba 83 df/dr-ba to hear, to listen eagerly; to be willing, sw zig O dug-par dgd-na if anybody will stay here voluntarily DzL; to have a mind, to intend, to wish, Kyodrdb-tu byun-bar dgd- am do you intend to take orders? DzL; bddy-gis ras Q di . . . sbyin-par dgao I should like to present this cloth to ... Dzl. : med- par byd-bar dgd-na as I wish to annihi- late . . . Dzl.; gar dgd-bar (or gar dgd-ba der) son go whereever you like DzL; sel- dom with the accus.: O dzom-pa de dga-ste as you now enjoy an abundance Mil.; with the instr. case: des dgd-bar sog-cig, niay you be cheered, comforted by it DzL; frq. absolutely: dgd-bar byed-pa to make glad, to rejoice, C. also: to caress, to fondle. II. sbst. joy, dgd~bai j-tam byed-pa to express one's joy DzL; dgd-bai sems id.; de-la rdb-fu dgd-bai sems skyes-so he found . great delight in it DzL ; compounds v. below. III. adj. 1. glad, pleased, enjoying, na dgd-ba ma yin-pas as I was not pleased with it DzL; de-la mi dgd-ba, W.*mi gd- Jcan*, not favourably disposed towards, un- friendly, inimical to; dgd-bar byed-pa to make glad, to delight, bu cun dgd-ba byed- pai yo - bydd things which delight little children, play-things Glr. Less frq. 2. charming, sweet, pleasing, agreeable, beauti- ful, Ihdg-par dgd-ru O gro she is getting more and more beautiful; C. in a general sense: good, cf. below: dga-bde. 3. as a proper name = f^ Tar. Comp. and deriv. dga-grdgs jir-ba to give cheers, to raise shouts of joy Mil. dga-grogs a participator of joy, gen. with reference to husband or wife (col. *ga- rog*). dga-wigu great joy, d(/a-mgu-ba, dga-mgu-rdn-ba to have great pleasure, to be very glad, to be delighted, frq., dgd- zin mgu-la yi-rdns-pdr O gyiir-ba id. Glr. frq.; yet dga-mgur spyod-pa to indulge in sensual pleasure Pth., Stg., bu-mo dan with a girl. clga-ston feast, public festivity; dga-sfon-gyi fddn-sa the place of a feast Glr.; bsu-ba dgd-ba festivities of welcome Glr. ; dga-stdn byed-pa to celebrate a festi- val; Q gyed-pa to spread a feast, to distribute festival dishes ; fig. rnd - bai dga - ston a feast or treat to the ears Glr. dga-bde 1. joy, lus sems dga-bdes fey db- par Q gyur Glr. 2. (Ts. col. *//J NS ' cular kind of meditation. ^cn*q* dgu-ba 1. vb. to bend, to make \J crooked; *go gii-ce* Ld. to bend, bow, stop; to submit. 2. sbst. the act of bending, bowing, inflection. 3. adj. bent, stooping; dgu-po, dgu-mo Cs. id. dgu-rtsegs n. of a yellow flower rqr srqwy* fsi'gs sky a -mo the galaxy, the milky way Mil. dgu-mtsdn prize (of combat) 6'. dgug-pa v. O gug-pa. rcn^- dguit, another form for gun (the SJ former of the two appears to be pre- valent) 1. the middle. 2. noon, mid-day. - 3. mid-night. 4. heaven, dyuii-la reg it reached up to heaven Mil. dguit stion- po the blue heaven, yd-gi dgun-siion the blue heaven above Mil.; dgun-du (or -la) fsegs-pa (lit. to repair, to withdraw, to heaven) to die Mil. and elsewh. 5. be- fore dates, esp. before the word lo, it ser- ves as a respectful word, and is e.g. frq. used in stating the age of a Buddha or a king; yet it occurs also in compounds, where no such bearing is discernible: dgun- zdg, dyun-zla 6s.; dguit-do-niib Mil. this evening, to-night; dgun-snyin a year, a year of one's life; dgun-'Kdg division of time (?) ; dguit-bdun a week. (6s. has also dgun-fig, and dguii-flg-gi dkyil-Jfor, which terms were prob. framed by him, and meant to denote the meridian line and meridian circle.) dyun-mo evening Sch , perh. a cor- ruption of dgon-mo. Ka * winter . dg ^ n is also used adverbially: in winter (-time), during winter; dgun-dus winter -time; dgun-fog, dyun-fog-fdg, W. * gun -fag -fog*, all the winter through; *gun fse re* W. every winter; dyun grdit-bai dus-na during the cold of winter Dzl. ; d,gun-nyi-ldog the win- 85 dgum-pa dge-ba ter solstice; dgun-nyi-ldog-gi fly, or Kor- fig the tropic of Capricorn Cs. (cf. the re- mark at the end of dyui'i) ; dgun-stod, dgun- smdd the first and the last half of winter, (v. dus). J* dgum-pa v. O gitm-pa. cl 9 u >', rgur, sgur, three different spellings of the ^ same root, all of them pronounced *#>*, crooked, dbyibs-dgur of crooked stature S.g. ; rgur zig stoop down ! bend your back! Dzl. ; sgur-te writhing (with pain) DzL; sgur-po crooked, hump- backed, by birth Lt.-, with age Thgy.; C. col. *gur-gur* id.; mgo dgitr-ba to duck, to bend vb.n.; to submit, to humble one's self (cf. dgii-ba). Cs.: dgur-po, dgur-mo a crooked man, a crooked woman; fsigs-dgur a crooked back, crook-backed; lag-dgur having crooked hands etc. ; dgur- gro of a stooping gait. dgus 1. instr. of dgu. 2. ., W., this day five days (the present day included). (Ssk. -apj, ^r^f, %^^ ; also ^*$rnii"seldom *re) 1. happi- ness, welfare; happy, propitious^" dge-zin sis- pa Wdii. More frq. : 2. virtue (opp. to mi- dge-ba, and sdig-pci), also adj. virtuous, sems dge-ba a virtuous mind Glr., las dge-ba, mi-dge-ba good and bad actions Stg, ; dge- bai rtsd-ba roots of virtue, meritorious ac- tions, from which afterwards the fruits of reward come forth ; dge-rtsa skycd-pa frq., spyod-pa Thgy., byed-pa Mil. to produce such a root, to achieve a meritorious ac- tion; dge-ba sems-par O gyur-ba to become inclined to virtue, i.e. converted DzL] dge- fsogs (v. fsogs) a virtuous work, a good deed; dge-ba bcu the ten virtues, viz. 1. srog mi ycod-pa, not to kill anything living (by which Buddhism has replaced our scriptural interdiction of murder); 2. ma byin-par mi len-pa not to take what has not been given (those who closely stick to the word go even so far, that they will not touch or accept an alms, unless it be put into their hands); 3. log-par mi yy em- pa not to fornicate; 4. rdzun mi smni-lxt not to tell a lie; 5. fsig-rtsub mi smrd-ba not to abuse or revile; (}. iiag-kyul (or Jcyat) mi smrd-ba not to talk foolishness (cf. kydl-kd)', 7. prd-ma mi byed-pa not to calumniate; 8. brndb-sems mi byed pa not to be avaricious or covetous; 9. ynod-sems mi byed-pa not to think upon doing harm or mischief; 10. log-lta mi byed-pa not to entertain heretic notions, or positively, yd/i- dag-par ltd-ba Sty. to be orthodox. 3. fasting, abstinence, in the phrase: dge-ba srun-ba to fast, to abstain from food, frq. 4. alms, charity; banquet, treat, as a re- ligious work, si-dge yson-dge largesses, treats, taking place at funerals, or given in one's life time Mil. (W. *yd-tra*, and *ku-Hm*). Comp. and deriv. dge-bskos censor, and at the same time provost and beadle in a monastery, who has to watch over strict order, and to punish the transgressors Kopp. II. 259, 276; in Ld. he is also called cos- Krims-pa (vulg. *cosrimpa*). dge-rgdn surety, moral bail, a monk that is made answerable for the moral conduct of an other, who is placed under his care and called dge-yzon; also in a gen. sense: teach- er, schoolmaster. dge-bsnyen, fern, dge- bsny en-ma (Ssk. gTJT^ToR and ^qfma) * the pious of the laymen who retaining their secular occupations have renounced the five cardinal sins (murder, theft, fornication, lying, and drunkenness) and provide for the maintenance of the priests (so in DzL and gen. in the earlier writings). 2. in in later times us much as a novice, pro- bationer, catechumen, i.e. either a kind of clerical apprentice (the Shabi of the Mon- gols, sramanera Ssk., v. Kopp. II., 252), or one of a next higher degree, a candi- date (v. SchL 162). dge-ltds S.g. a pro- pitious omen, a favourable prognostic. - dge- dun (col. * gen-dim*}, prop, dge-slon- gi O dun (Burn. II., 435) Ssk. ^r, the whole body of the clergy, priesthood; dg<'- dun- dkon-mcdg the priesthood as one of the 86 dgons-pa three great jewels, or as part of the god- head (in which latter sense the word now is usually understood) cf. dkon-mcog; dge- O dun-dpal-ci>n MahasangJiika, n. of a Hi- nayana school Tar., Was.; dge- dun-grub- pa n.p., the first Dalai Lama about the year 1400; dge- dun-rgyd-mfso n. of the second Dalai Lama, v. Kopp. II., 131. dge-lddn virtuous; dge-ldan-pa n. of the most numerous sect of Lamas, founded by Tsonk'apa; it is also called dge- lugs-pa, or dga-lddn-pa from Galdan, a monastery near Lhasa which, as well as Sera and Da-pun, belongs to his sect. The Lamas of this community wear for the most part yellow garments ; they are said to approach nearer to perfection in mysticism (the highest aim of Buddhist priests) than any other sect, since they apply themselves more systematically to the preparatory stu- dies of morality etc. dge-sdig for dge- ba dan sdig-pa. dye-sbyon Ssk. ^TTTjf a Buddhist ascetic, or mendicant friar, Burn. I. 275. Kopp. I., 330. dge-sbyor seems to have corresponded in its original accep- tation to our conception of piety, sancti- fication and practical religion, but in later times the sense of expertness in the art of meditation was attached also to this word, as : dge-sbyor pel (this man's) expert- ness increases, is making progress Mil. dge-rtsa instead of dge-bai rtsd-ba v. above. dge-rtsis the amount of virtue, the sum of merit, dge-rtsis rgyds-pa a considerable amount of merit. dge-fsul 1. a young monk; in the older writings it may be understood as novice; 2. in later literature it denotes the degree next to the dge-bsnyen, being that of a subordinate or under-priest, Kopp. II. 252, 335. Schl. 162.; dge-fsul- ma a young nun, a novice. dye-mfsdn a lucky omen Glr. dge-yzon v. dge-rgdn. dge-yyog (seems to be pronounced *gcr- yog* in col. language) constable, beadle, a servant of the fsogs-ce'n zal-no, or chief- justice of Sera and other monasteries. dge-las a good deed or action, but by later writers also applied to magic ceremonies and the like. dge-lugs-pa v. dge -Man- pa. dge -legs good fortune, prosperity Glr. dge-slon Gelong, 1 . originally 'beg- gar of virtue', mendicant friar, fipj one that has entirely renounced the world and become a Buddhist priest, 2. in later wri- tings the highest clerical degree, a priest that has received the highest ordination, v. Kopp. I., 335. The Gelong is bound to observe all the 233 commandments of the so-sor far-pai mdo. dge-slob-ma a young nun Cs. dge-bses \. v. bses-ynyen. 2. n. of priests or monks. dge-slon-sin is said to be a provincial name of the cedar, Ce- drus Deodara. dffM-fa, also dgdn-hi, on, upon, in, at Ts. dger-ba=>yyo-ba,io prepare, (food), Jttir-ba dger-ba to bake pastry; *fu-ma ger-wa* C. = O fud-pa. dge's-pa = dgyes-pa frq. ccfr dy> in Lexx. explained by dum-bur, ' ' to divide (?). rcfyq- dgo-ba, a species of antelope, living on high mountains, Procapra picti- caudata Hodgson, v. Hook. II. 157 and 139; dgo-ba-mo the female of this antelope Cs. Lea-x. w.e.; dgog-tin pestle C. dgot'^s), also dgon(s)-mo, Sch. dgon(s)-ka 1. evening, dgons-ycig one evening, once on an evening Glr.; nan re dgons re every morning and even- ing; *gons-zdn* W., *g6ns-ze* C., resp. dgons-ysdl evening- meal, supper; dgons- ojdm resp. evening -soup; dgoiis-su Dzl., dgons-mo and dgons Glr. in the evening; dgons dan fo-rdns in the evening and in the morning Med. frq.; dgons O bdb-pa to hold an evening's rest, to take up night- quarters. 2. supper C. 3. a day's jour- ney, dgons-zdg col. id.; rta-dgons a day's journey for one travelling on horseback, lug -dgons a day's journey for a drove of sheep. ( ty ot ' tS ~P a > resp. for sem-pa, snydm- pa etc., and sems, bio etc. I. vb. 87 dgos-pa 1. to think, to meditate, dgoiis-pa-la jug-pa to enter into meditation Glr.; O di snydm- du dgdns-pctr gyur-to he thought so in his mind DzL; rgydl-po Ron-ran yin dyoits-nas the king thinking that he himself was meant, referring the allusion to himself Glr.; to regard as, bu dan O drd-bar dgoits-pa to treat one like a son DzL ; to remember, to think Of, to devise, mna-ris-kyi )'dul-bya-la remembering those of Nari that were to be converted, thinking of the conversion of Nari Glr. ; also with pyir Pth.; nd-la fugs-brtsc'-bar dyoits-siy remember me gra- ciously, frq.; so in a similar manner: to hear graciously, to take a kind interest, share, or concern in, to interest one's self for, to try to promote; so our Lama ex- plained the passage Glr. 101, 9: sans-rgyds- kyi bstdn-pa-la dgons-nas = bstdn-pa O pel- bai pyir bsdm-blo btdn-nas; to intend, to purpose, with the termin. of the inf., frq., iugs-kyis ma dgons-so he did not intend, he had no mind Pth. 2. to die, mes- kyi d(johs-dus-kyi m cod -pa btsug Glr. is stated to mean : he instituted sacrifices for the remembrance of his grandfather's death; and so similarly in other passages. II. sbst, also fugs-dgons, 1. the act of thinking, meditating, pondering, fugs-dgons )'tdn-ba Mil. to meditate; thought, rgydl- poi fugs-kyi dgons-pa-la l gdn-du pyin' snydm-pa lit. in the king's 'mind-thoughts' was thought : where shall I go ? Glr. ; mean- ing, sense, esp. the sense of sacred words or writings, therefore dgons-pa O grel-ba to explain that sense, dgons- grel, dgons-bgrol commentary; a will, a wish, rgydl-poi (or -pas') dgons-pa bzin-du bsgrub nus-so I am able to' fulfil your majesty's wish DzL', skyon-bai dgons-pa-can Glr. 104, poetically, one having the desire of protecting, one wishing to protect. 2. soul, dgdns-pa mya-ndn-las O dds-so his soul quitted (the abode of) misery. 3. permission C., W., *yon-pa zu-wa* to beg leave, to ask per- mission, *gon-pa tan-wd*, resp. *ndn-wa* to give permission, in Sik. also: to grant admission; but gen. it is used for leave of absence, and *K6-la gdii-pog )hum soti* C. signifies : he has been dismissed, turned out. - dgod-pa 1. to laugh, Glr.\ gen. in such expressions as the following *go'-dh6 (lit. bro) yim-pa* C. to make one's self ridiculous, a laughing-stock, also Glr.', *1iab-god co-cc* W. to set up a loud laugh, to burst out into laughter; dgod-bdg a jest, joke Sch.\ cf. bgdd-pa. 2. v. 1. a solitary place; desert, wilderness, dgon-pai j-nas a deso- late place or region Stg. ; dgon-duii a sandy desert, sands Sch. (Zam. n^^f and dgon- pa: ^sriT forest). 2. hermitage. 3. monastery, frq.; dgdn-pa-pa 1. a man dwelling in a desert, a hermit. 2. a man dwelling in a monastery, a monk; dgon- pa-ma fern. dgos-pa I. vb. implying necessity, as well as want: to be necessary, to be obliged or compelled ; to want, to stand in need of; also where we use 'ought' ; it is gen. used with the verbal root or with the termin. of the inf. present, byed dgos, but sometimes also of the inf. future or perfect, e.g. rin-po-ces brtsigs dgos-na rin-po-ce med-pas sd-las by a dgos though it ought to have been built of precious stones, yet for want of such, it will have to be con- structed of earth DzL la gen. denotes the person standing in need of a thing, e.g. nd-la dgos I want, I stand in need of, but it also refers to the object for which a thing is wanted: rgya-gdr-du O gro-ba-la ys&r dgos-pa yin for a journey to India gold is wanted (required) ; in such a case the termin. may also be used: ci zig-tu dgos, for what purpose is it wanted? zas za ma dgos I did not want to eat Mil.: dgos-pai dus-su blans they took them when they wanted them Glr. ; bzens ma dgos he was not obliged to erect . . . Glr. In commanding, the word is used to para- phrase the imperative of a verb: ^it-bar dgos come! in entreating, the respectful term is chosen: O byon dgos Mil., or in W.: *skyod dgos zu* 'you must come, pray!' = 88 please, do come! Jtrid dgos-pai ysol-ba, or zu-ba, a request to be taken along with (by another person) Mil. C. : to wish, Kyo' se-pa ^ "^ N to double down Sch., v. dgye-ba. crn* dg ra -> a l so dgrd-bo, Ssk. ro 1 . enemy, ' - foe, sddn-bai dgra the hating enemy, (opp. to bydms-pai fnyen), frq. used of imaginary hostile powers, that are to be attacked and withstood only by witchcraft; dgra ynyen med there is no difference be- tween friend and enemy = no such thing exists (viz in the golden age); dgrar O gyu>'- ba to become an enemy (to one) Tar.; dgra byed-pa, dgrd-ru Iddri-ba, Idn-ba to act in a hostile manner, Za, against; dgrasloh-ba, causative form, to make a person one's ene- my S.g. ; dgrar scm-pa, dzin-pa to look upon one as an enemy, to take him for an enemy ; dgrar ses-pa id.; dgrd-bcam-pa Arhunt, Arhat, the most perfect Buddhist saint (Ssk. ^^ venerable; theBuddhists, how- ever, explain it as a compound of ari enemy and lian to extirpate, he who has extir- pated the enemies i.e. the passions Burn. I. 295, II. 287. Kopp. I. 400). Also dgra bgegs Q dul-ba Glr. is interpreted as refer- ring to the subduing of spiritual enemies. snd-dgrd a former foe, dd-dgra a pre- sent foe, pyx- dgra a future foe 6s.; pyi- dgra prob. also a foreign enemy. O ci- dgra a mortal, deadly enemy 6s. dgrd- ca weapon, arms Wdn., dgrd-sta battle- axe; dgra - Ilia \. lha. 2. In W. also punishment, *K6-la :/'/<-< In according to the word will be acted Dzl.; nye-ynds b(/yid-pa to act the disciple = to be a disciple Dzl.; mi-la ynod-pa byyi* 1 have hurt the man, I have done him harm Dzl.; bu yod-par yyis sly make, bring it about, that a child be (born) ! Dzl ; rgydl- bu ma sor-ba gyis siy see that yo do not let the prince escape Pth. (ba for bar in the more careless popular style). 2. to say, zes byyis so he said Dzl.', zes byyi-ba the so called Dzl. byrdii-ba, pf. byraiis, to number, count, calculate bsdd~namt-iyi fan/ the amount of merits Glr. ; byrdn-bya what may be numbered, numerable; byrdn-bar mi byd-ba, byrdn-du med-pa, bgran-yds in- numerable; byran-preu rosary, beads Glr., also the garland of human skulls, often seen as an attribute of terrible deities. byrdd-pa 1. to open wide, mig byrdd-pa to stare, goggle, fca byrdd- pa to gape Glr., Cs.', rkdu-pa to part the legs wide, to straddle, cf. bsyrdd-pa. 2. to scratch Sch. (spelled more corr. O brdd- pa). bgriin-ba, pf. bgruns to cause to deposit, to strain, to depurate 6k, e.g. myog-ma impure water Lex.. ._.. byrud-pa, pf, bgrus, fut. byru, to clear from the husks, to husk, to Shell, bgrus-pai O bras Lex. husked rice. byre-ba, pf. byres, resp. to grow old, often with an additional sku-nas in years (v. no) Dzl; bgres-ryyud weakness of old age, infirmity Pth. : bgres-po, in W. pronounced *re(s)-po*, an old man, a man gray with age, hoary; *re(s)-mo* fern. ^._.q. bgreii-ba, occasionally for 1. sgreit- H ba. 2. byrdii-ba. byren-pa, Sch. = bkren-pa. bgro-ba, pf. byros (resp. bka-byros mdzdd-pa l*th.) to argue, discuss, deliberate, consider; the subject discussed is gen. a direct quotation: Hi pyir O di-/f Ssk - WT I- neck, throat, myul-du O doys-pa to tie, fasten to one's neck e.g. magic objects; rdit-gi mgul-pa f cod-pa, to cut one's own throat DC/.; myid-pa sub his throat is stopped, choked Mny.; myul(-pa}-nas O dzin- pa, )u-ba, to seize by the throat, some- times also used for myul-pa-nas Jfyud-pa to fall on a person's neck, to embrace. myul-nad disease of the throat, sore throat. - mgul-ciiis dkdr-po a white neck-cloth Pth. mgul-ddr or dpa-ddr a silk cloth tied round the neck as a badge of honour. 2. the shoulder of a mountain Mil., yyon-myid-na on the left slope. myeu - ?WV myou Cs. v. myo. ni ff (.Ssk. fipr;) resp. dbu 1. head, *yo-la zuy ray* I have a headache, a pain in my head W. ; *mgo Jcor* my head turns, I feel dizzy, I am getting confused, perplexed; myo skor-ba to cheat, swindle, deceive ; mi - mgo ma skor do not cheat &FT mgo mgo people! Mil.; myo dfjii-ba, dfji'ir-ba v. d-nas fsugs with this my constant good- fortune commenced Mil.; lo-mgo-la at the beginning of the year Jtf7.; mgo- nas from the beginning DzL 5. Gram. : a super- scribed r, Z, s e.g. rd-mgoi ka, rf\,k withy- superscribed ; de-rnams baspul sd-mgoi kao these are the words beginning with bsk. Comp. and deriv. mgo -Mud brain C's. - myo-dkyil col. crown of the head, ver- tex. *yo-kdr*, or *yar* Ld. a tight un- der-garment, drawn over the head when put on, (Ssk. TTfT^TR. Hd. nff^pr) some- thing like a shirt, but not in general use. mgo-skor imposture, deceit, bdud-kyi mgo- skor de na mi O dod I detest these diabo- lical tricks Mil. myo-skyd a gray head, myo-skyd-can a gray-headed person Cs. *yo-kyoii* 6'., W., protector, patron, = mgo- O dren. myo-tira scald, scald-head Sch. myo-mKreys-can obstinate, pertinacious, stub- born, esp. in buying and bartering, selfish, bargaining, haggling: *yo tag cd-ce* W. to have these qualities. myo-ryydn head- ornament. myo-can having a head, *//- go-can* having a man's head, such as Eng- lish rupees and other coins (bearing the image of a head) W. *yo-cin* 6'., W. = go- Q dren* *yo-(T)cdg* a blow or knock on the head Ld. myo-lcoys little shoots, sprouts, branches Sch. mgo-cd = myo- rgydn. mgo-nyug beginning and end (head and tail), sin O dii mgo mjuy gau yin- pa bye-brdg pyes siy find out which is the upper and which the lower end of this piece of wood DzL myo-joh Cs. : 'an ob- long head.' mgo-rjm bare headed. mgo- nycig C's.: 'a compressed, contracted head'. *go-nyt-pa* C. two-headed, double-tongued; a double-dealer, backbiter. myo-snydms indifferent, unconcerned. *yor-tiit fsdn- ma* from head to heel, the whole from top to toe, = * yo-lus-ca-fsan* . mgo- ddn = mgo- dren, with byed-pa = mgo O don-pa to bring or draw forth, to raise, to lift up a person's head, gen. with rail, one's own head, used in the sense of: to be self-de- pendent, one's own master, to come off well, to be uppermost Mil.-, mgo O fon-pa id. - mgo- dren protector, patron, used frq. in letters as a complimentary title. mgo- ndg po. for man Glr. mgo-nad headache. *go-bu* W. first-born. myo-ma 1. adj. first, yral-myo-ma first in order, the first in a row or line of persons Mil. 2. sbst. the beginning W!, *go-ma tsug-ce* to begin. 3. adv. in the beginning, at first W. myo- fsem 'stitched at the head' denoting a book which is so stitched, that the lines run parallel to the back, whilst one stitched in our way is called rta-mgo-ma. mgo- yzun, col. *yoy-zun* crown of the head. myou, mgeu a small head Cs. myo-ynr = fsd-bai nad Ts. mgo-yyoys a covering for the head (hat, cap etc.). mgo-ril 1. a round head. 2. cattle without horns ir. mgo-reg for mgo breys-pa one that has his head shaved, a monk; mgo-rfy btsun-m Lt. monks and nuns, or: nuns that have their heads shaved. *yo-his-ca-fsdit* a com- plete suit Of clothes, *yor-tin-fsdn-ma* id. ; *go Itis sum kdn-ce* W. to furnish a person with new clothes; *yo lus spd-ce* W. to jdb-pa give one's own clothes to a person (e.g. when a king honours any body by array- ing him in splendid garments). myo-Ub a flat head Cs. go-sog, resp. u-sog cover. of a copy-book etc. Cs. mgo-srin n. of a disease Lt. mgon-po* Ssk. rro protector, pa- tron; principal, master, lord; tutelar god; O gro-mgon protector of beings; skyabs- mgon v. skyabs; cii pyir nai mgon mi byed why do you not assist me? DzL; lhai, bdud-kyi, ysin-rjei mgon-po the principal of the gods, of the devils, the lord of death Cs.; mgon-po m cod-pa, stod-pa, rbdd-pa to honour, to praise, the tutelar god, to stir up or urge him to aid one's cause The special tutelar god of Tibet, called mgon- po by preference, isAwalokiteswara, Spyan- ras-/zigs; J)ig-rten -mgon-po, or mi-mjed- ziit-gi mgon-po lord of the world, jig-rten ysum-gyi mgon-po (Hindi: triloknatfi), lord or ruler of the three worlds, an epithet 1. of Buddha, 2. of AwalokiteSwara, 3. of the Dharma-Raja of Bhotan. Comp. mgon mid-its many patrons or defenders of religion; many small pyrami- dical sacred buildings Cs. mgon-med unprotected, mgon-med- zas-sbyin, Hgn^fq- U^rf, n. of a certain house-owner in Bud- dha's time, often mentioned in legends. speedy, swift; mgyogs-par (sel- dom mgyogs-la Mil.} adv. quickly, speedily, SOOn; *gyog - riii* W. speedy, hasty, rash, *gyoy-ldm* W., C., a straight, short way, a short cut; rkan-mgyogs v. rkan. su- mgyogs, pronounced *sun-gyog(s)* W., (lit. 'who is quick?') a race, a racing or run- ning-match. m ff > '' n 'P a i ( Ssfc - *farr) I- neck, mgrin rin-ba, a long neck, mgrin fun-ba a short neck Lt. ; mgnn-snon blue- necked, an epithet of gods. 2. throat, as passage or organ of the voice, mgrin ycig-tu (to call as) with one voice, frq. ; mgrin-bzdn a loud voice Cs. mgron feast, treat, banquet, enter- tainment. myroii ytoii-ba , resp. sku- mgron Jbid-bci to entertain; *(]6n-tah-Kan* W. host, entertainer; mgron -la Jbod-pa, resp. mgron -du spyan- Q drhi-pa, to invite to an entertainment ; mgron-du jnyer-ba to treat, to regale Dd. ; mgron-du O gro-ba to go to an entertainment, a party DzL (cf. O gron-du O gr6-ba to go abroad); zas-mgron an entertainment consisting in eating; )a- mgron a tea-party; can-mgron a treatment with beer or wine Cs. d/ a ff l - obstruction, stoppage, esp. in comp.: yi-ga- gdg want of appetite; )'<'in- ydg, also -dgag, strangury. 2. a place or spot that has to be passed by all that proceed to a certain point, *zdm-p? gag-tu gug-na k(im-ma dzin tub* C. the thief may be stopped, if you are on the watch in the thoroughfare of the bridge; ri-bo dpal- c bdr-gyi Q gag the place on the Palbar mountain, where there is the only passage Mil.; sgo- gdg the door of the house, be- cause through it all that enter or leave have to pass; Ka- gdg the mouth, through which every thing must pass that is eaten; fig.: far-ldm-gyi )'nad- gdg, the main point for obtaining salvation; O gag ycig-tu dril- ba to unite, to be concentrated in one point Mil. off tig-pa 1. vb, (cf. ^egs-pa) to stop, to cease, to be at a stand-still; mostly in the perfect form <$ags; ddii-lki O gags the appetite is gone Mil.; it is also used of the passions having been sup- pressed, having ceased Mil. -- 2. sbst. door-keeper, v. sgo-^gdg sub ^gag. v. rgati. sj' O ydnspa difficult, troublesome Sch. o^'K'J 90 ) tae burden of an of- fice, business, commission, O gan Jrir-ba to bear such a burden, bskur -ba to impose it on a person. ncnjn* oydb mfd-ma, mjztg-ma, the end, of a bench, a garment etc. Mil.Ht.-, as postpos. c.genit. after, behind C. ^gab-pa 1. Sch.: to take care, to be cautious; orderly, decent. 2. W. to suffice, *mi gdb-ce med* the work- men will not suffice. opw'sj" d am ~ P a > P f - $ ams ' Sr/? -> ^ ws f,s., fat. bgam, imp. - mo, a mixed breed of cattle, of a ww/zo (q.v.; and a common cow, or a bull and a mdzd-mo. 2. vb. v. sub dgdr-ba. O gdl-dum v. mgal. O gdl-ba, c. /as or c?a/i, to be in op- position or contradiction to, as: rtdg-pa dan d/'ids-po ynyis O gdl-ba yin the ideas of 'perpetuity' and of 'thing' are con- tradictory; commonly of persons: to coun- teract, to act in opposition to, to transgress, violate, infringe, break, a promise, law, duty; yid daii mi (jdl-bar DzL, resp. fugs dan mi ^gal-bar, (he gives them) to their wish, to their heart's content; bka bz/n-du mi ^gal-bar bgyio I shall act faithfully accord- ing to the order DzL; *gal mi dug* W. he has not committed anything, he is inno- cent; lha or klu daft, O gal-ba not to hon- our a Lha or Lu according to duty. Comp. jial - 1'kip'n mishap, untoward accident, impediment (opp. to mfun-rtyeri) ; O gal~rkyen sel-ba, or med-par byed-pa, or zlog-pa to avert, to remove such accidents or impediments. ^il-J^'fil transgression, O gal-J?rtd spans -te, conscientiously; *gal- iul sd-ica* to make amends, to atone for a transgression. O gal-mfun-ses-pa ('In-. Prot., the knowledge of what is conform- able or contrary to the divine law, meant to express our 'conscience': the term was formed after the Tibetan phrase: dge mi- dge yes-pa, or rig-pa, knowledge of what is virtue and what is vice; cf. however .sr.s- bzin, )'non-ba, and byas-cos. ^gdl-ba-po Cs., O gdl-po Sc/t., a transgressor. O gal- fsdbs Cs. a great fault, a crime: O gal-fsdbs- can faulty, criminal, a criminal (?). o9 as -P a > P f - ( J as ( cf o9 es -P a ) to be cleft or split, of rocks etc.; to chap, of the skin, the lips; to break open, to burst, of a bag etc., Ka Ind-ru into five rents, in five places; to crack, to break or burst asunder, of a vessel, the heart, a fruit, bdun-du into seven pieces; sih-gi rigs -la byds-na ni ^gas if it be made of wood, it will split, crack Gli: Qf]C{' O giu v. gi-wdn. O gu-mdd gun-Stock, (spelling not certain) v. sgum-mdd. O f ju-ba, incorr. for mgii-ba. a mesh W. imp. Kug 1. (cf. kug) to bend, to make crooked, ynya O gugs-pa C. to bend, bow, stoop; mgo d a pulse slow and sinking. NJ to die. 2. pf. bkum. Jut. dkum. imp. Kum(s\ to kill, to put to death Dzl. frq.; to slaughter (butcher), ysdr-du bh'tm- pai sa, meat of an animal just killed, fresh meatZM 3. to bend, curve, make crooked, to contract, v. kum and skum-pa. O gul neck, v. mgul O giil-ba (cf. sgul-ba} to change NS place or posture, to move, shake, to be agitated, *ri-gu dod-pa-la gul dug*t\ie kid moves in the womb (of the goat); O gul-dkd (the limb) moves with difficulty Med. frq. ; O gul yah ma nus-so (they) would not even stir (from terror) Dzl ; to waver, tremble, shiver, O ddr-zih ^gul-ba; sa-^gid (pronounced *san-gul*) earthquake W. O gegs-pa pf. bkag, fut. dgag, imp. />;;/ to hinder, prohibit, stop, bddg-gis bkdg-na yah ma fub-kyis though I was preventing it, I could not (carry my point) Dzl; ma bkdg-ste ndh- du btan he admitted him without impedi- ment Dzl', *kdg-cc med zer-Kan-gyi ka- sog* a warrant, a permit to traffic without hinderance, a pass-bill, and the like Wi; to Shut, to lock (up), to close, sgo the door (?//'., lam the road frq., to close one's nose with the hand Pth.: to retain, keep back excretions Med., bsaii-dgdg obstruction (cf. c (t/a P^ bkal, fut. dgal, imp. fcol, 1. to load, to lay on a burden, brui k'al cig bkdl-te loaded with a load of grain Dzl. ; fig. to put a yoke upon a person's neck, byur to bring down misery on a person; W. to bring accusations against a person, *mi '6s-pe Ids-ka zig mi zig-la kal td/i-na* Ld. if one is accused of an unlawful action ; Krai O g<'l-ba to impose tribute Lex. ; to commission, to charge with, to make, appoint, constitute, *mi ziy ywl- po-la kdl ce* LJ. to appoint some one to be an elder or senior, cf O col-ba. 2. to put, to place on or over, yduit-ma bkdl-ba a beam placed over it S.y.\ to set or put on, e.g. a pot on a trevet; to hang up, yos- O yel-yddn a stand to hang clothes on; fig. O ci-bar niis-pai foy O yel dyos one must set on it the roof of being able to die, i.e. one must crown the whole edifice by being free from fear of death Mil. 'ry ^yes-pa, pf. bkas, fut. dyas, imp. Kos, trs. to O yds-pa, to split, cleave, divide, bkas-shl Lex. cleft or chopped wood; f- bsyo-ba, 1. to stain, to lose colour; to dirty, sully one's self, de-la with it, nan-skyuys lus-la to soil one's self with vomit. 2. to infect, with a disease, O yo-bai nad, O yo- ndd, O yo-bai rims, a contagious or epidemic disease, a plague, frq. pnfTcn'H' o9 ( ^9~P a "> P^- bkofl, fut. dgogf imp. Hog 1. to take away forcibly, to snatch, tear away, pull out, rtsd-ba a root Lex., so a tooth Schr.] to tear up, e.g. a floor W.; to peel Sch.; *koy-te Hyer-ce* W. to rob, plunder frq.; *koy-te tfyers* Ld. it 95 has been robbed. 2. to take off, a cover, a lid. a pot from the fire W. jogs-pa another form for //,v/.s- pa, to prevent, to avert unfortu- nate events, fatal consequences; to suppress, the symptoms of a disease by medicine; to drive back or away, to expel e.g. spirits, ghosts; to repel people that are trying to land. ^oii-ba 1 6s.: to bewitch, enchant (?),gon-ba-po, jo/'t-po an enchanter, sorcerer, yoh-ba-nio enchantress, sorceress 6s.; more frq. jo/t-po an evil spirit, demon, also fig. demon of concupiscence, of fear, of terror Mil.; O ad/'i-mo fern. 2. pf. bkoii, perh. more corr. sao/t-ba, spd-syoh-ba Lex. to despond. 9 od -P a > P f - fy od i fut - dgod, imp. Kod (cf. Hod-^pa), the Latin conderc, 1. to design, to project, to plan Schr. 2. to found, to etablish, to lay out (a town), to build (a house); hence bkod-pai riy-byed books on architecture Glr.; to manufacture, to form, to frame. 3. to put, to fix, to transfer, into a certain state or condition, bde(-ba)-la Dzl., bder Lex., into a happy state, dye-ba-la Dzl. into virtue, cos-la l*th. into the true doctrine, rndm-par ^yrol-ba- la Dzl. into salvation, my a- nan- las O dds- pa-la into delivery from existence Dzl. ; zay - yrdns to fix a certain time or term Schr.; fsad (to determine) the measure or size of a thing Schr. 4. to set, put, or place in order, yral-pydm byod-pa O dra as the rafters of a roof are placed side by side S.y. ; mfar dyod-pa to add or affix e.g. ciphers to a certain number Wdk.; bkod- par mdzes-pd beautiful as to arrangement, nicely ordered, (bjryyan dyod-pa Lex. to arrange ornaments (tastefully), to decorate, adorn, to construct or adjust grammatical forms, sentences Zam. 5. to put down in writing, to record, tnin k-d-ba-la to write names on a column Pth.\ to compose, draw up, write, a narrative etc., frq. ; to mention, to insert, in a writing; *ka M-pa* < '. to publish, to make known. 6. to rule, to govern tic/tr.; byol-soti bkod-pai royal- po yin he is king over all subjugated ani- mals Mil. The partic. pf. bkod-pa is also sbst. : 1. plan, ground-plan, draught of a building Schr. 2. delineation, sketch, zin-bkod map. 3. form, shape, figure Schr. 4. sample, copy, even of one's own body, e.g. when a person multiplies himself by magic virtue, = sprul-ba. 5. building, edifice, Structure, bkod-pa mdzes the structure (is) beautiful Glr. .6. frame, body, bkod-pa lus id. Mil.; iiai bkod-pa ndm-mKai ran- zin my body of an ethereal nature Pth. Note. The Lexx. have for bkod-pa always TR? putting down, depositing; but often it has the signification of ^j^ orderly arrangement; as vb. it comes nearest to ^5TJT^. As the meaning of the word is almost quite the same as that of xnTeiv and condere, it recommends itself as the most suitable term for 'to create', to call into existence, O god-pa-po for creator, and bkod-pa for creature, notions which are otherwise foreign to Buddhism. O yom-pa, Cs. = goms-pa, Sch. also = O gem-pa, ^yiim-pa. O yw 1. v. the following article. 2. termin. of ^yo, in the beginning, at first Sch. 3. supine of ^6-ba. ot/or-ba to tarry, linger, loiter, W. frq. *mdn-po yor son* you stayed away very long; *ldm-la yor* he lingers on the way; *mdn-po ma yor-te* without long delay, = rin-por ma Ion-par, and riii- por mi toys -par B.; de ^or-yzi yin that impedes, delays; zld - ba fnyis ~kor (the work) lasted two months Glr. O gol-ba, P f. yol 1. to part, to sepa- rate vb.n.; O yol-bai ynas a hermitage Pth., of/dl-po hermit, recluse. 2. to de- viate, err, go wrong or astray; ^61-sa \. the place where two roads separate. 2. error, mistake. ^os n. of a monastery Tar. O yos-pa soW, spent, expended Cs. deferred, postponed, pyir ^i/an-na if one defers it; *nyin O yyan zay O yyaii )he'- pa* C. to delay again and again; lo mah- po mi O yy aii-bar before many years shall have passed; dm cffyaris Lea', w.e. a \. to look about haugh- tily, to look down upon, to slight, mi-la a person ; also of things : to despise, contemn, neglect them B. and col.: * g\jih- bhdy jlie-pa* C., *yyin co-ce* W. id.; *yyin- can* supercilious, contemptuous. 2. = syyih-ba Git:; Mil. sel-kyi yyiii- Kar a sceptre of crystal, an attribute of gods, in pic- tures represented as a plain, unadorned staff. opj-q- &/-&> P f - o^ MS ? to move quickly ^ss to and fro, e.g. as lightning, the quivering air in a mirage, the motion and versatility of the mind etc. OOT^q- oyy' r - ^ im. mp. gyur (-c?^), cf. sgyur-ba, 1. to change, to be altered B. and col.; mi- rnams-kyi spyod-pa ^ffyur the behaviour of men changes Ma. ; O yyur-bai cos a change- able (and therefore perishable) thing Cs.; and O yyur-du yod-pa changeable, variable, O yyiir-du med-pa, O yyur-med unchangeable, invariable; sometimes to decrease, abate, vanish, die away, mfu-stobs, ntid-med-pa, yzi-r)id yons-su ^yynr-ba the total decay of strength, health, and esteem (in old age) Thyy. ; bddy-yi sems ma gyur, ma nydms- so my mind has not been altered, nor my resolution weakened Dzl. ; also with las: dad-pa O di-las ma gyur cig do not depart from that belief Mil. (L have therefore availed myself of this word, combined with the active (transitive) form sems sgyur-ba 'to change the mind' for expressing the fisTavotlv and ueidvoia of the N. T., though the Buddhist is wont to regard the mi-yyui'-ba as the thing most to be praised and desired.) With the termin. it signifies to be changed, transformed into, B. and col.; hence 2. to become, to grow, dyc-sloit- du O yyio--ba, ryydl-por O gyur-ba to become a monk, a king Dzl. skra mfon-nifin-gi Ka-dog-tu gyiir-to his hair turned azure (sky-blue) Dsl.~ sbrum-par O gyitr-ba to get with child ; bdiin-du O gyur-ba to reach the number of seven Dzl. (In all these cases the more recent writings and the col. lan- guage in C. usually have * do-wa* ) in W. *cd-ce*.} ^gyur-ba is also frq. used in con- junction with verbs : yod-par c gyiir-ba 'to be- come being', i.e. to begin to exist, 'to become having,' i.e. to gain possession ; srog-lamiltd- bar O gyur-pai dnos-po Q di-dag these acts of having become indifferent to life, i.e. acts of contempt of death Dzl.; nd-bar gyvr-na O di mfon-ba tsdm-gyis nad sos-par O gyvr-ro when taken ill, they get well again, as soon as they obtain a sight of this Glr. ; can mi smrd-bar gyur-to he became speechless Dzl. ; O gyiir-ba denoting both the pass, voice, and the fut. tense, the context must decide in every instance, how it is to be under- stood : su zig rgyal-snd byed-par Q gyur who shall have the government, who shall rule? Tar. 21.; de rgydl-por ^yur-bar ses-so they knew that this man is made king (for: would be made king); Ko-mos kyod-kyi bu bsdd-par gyur-na if your son has been killed by me Dzl. ; fyod mi-sa zd-bar gyur- cig may you be obliged to eat human flesh! Dzl. ; cii pyir Kyod O di-ltar gyur by what means have you come into this state? Dzl. ; ya-mfsdn-du (or -par) O gyur-ba to be sur- prised, astonished; with j'nds-su: to come to a place, to arrive at Mil. ; O dod-pai dnos- grub-tu O gyur-ba to be endowed with the perfect gift of wishing, viz. of having every wish fulfilled; to happen, to take place, to occur, ya-mfsdn-du ^gyur-ba ci yod lit. what is there that has wonderfully hap- pened, what wonderful things have hap- pened? yyos-par O gyur-ba to become mov- ing, to begin to move. 3. to be trans- lated, bod-du into Tibetan Tar. ; bka-^yiir the translated word, v. bka; cf. sgyur-ba. 4. joined to numbers it signifies time or times, yzdn-pas braya- ayur ston-^gyit)'- du O pdgs-pa a hundred times, nay a thou- sand times more sublime than others Dzl. ; 97 kyod-pas brgya- gyur-ba$ Ihdg-par bzaii-ba yod there are (girls) a hundred times prettier than you DzL; ysum- gyur ltd- bur three times as much Dzl.; de ynyis- gyur team zig one twice as large as that Mil. II. sbst. change, alteration, vicissitude, dus bzii O gyur-bas through the change of seasons Thgy. O gyur-skdd, or also ^gyur- Kiigs singing or humming a tune in a tril- ling manner Mil.; O gyur-lcam nya Mil. perh. a fish swiftly moving to and fro; O gyur-rten bzdg-pa to pay money in hand, as an earnest that the bargain is not to be retracted. Instead of the imp. gyur, sog is frq. used. OCT-q- ^-H P f - ( and im P-?) ffye*, to be T divided, e.g. a river that is divide^ into several branches; rndm-pa ynyis-su (a ray of light divided) into two parts Dzl. ; to separate, to part, bem rig ^gyes dus when body and soul part from each other Mil; to disperse, of a crowd, with or with- out so-sor DzL and elsewh.; of a single person: to part, withdraw, go away, *mi- fsog dan ghye-ne* C. withdrawing from the crowd; to issue, proceed, spread, de-dag-las gyes - so they have proceeded from those (their ancestors); of a disease: gyen-du gyes (opp. to fur-du zug) Med.? 9ycd-pa (W. *kye-ce*} pf. by-yes, fut, bkye, 1. to divide (trs.), to scat- ter, disperse, diffuse, e.g. rays of light; it is also used when the neutral form ^gye- ba would seem to be more correct; to let proceed, sprul-pa, an emanation; hence to send, a messenger Lex. and Schr.; to dis- miss, fsogs, an assembly Sch. 2. O fdb- mo O yyed-pa, yyul O gyed-pa, also ^gyed-pa alone, to fight a battle, to fight, to combat, Q gyed-pai fse in the dispute; similarly O dziit- ga bkye-ba to quarrel Meofc; hence prob. W.: *Ka kye-i-e* to abuse, to menace. - 3. ston-mo O gyed-pa frq. to give an enter- tainment, banquet, prop, to dispense a feast; nor O gyi'd-pa to distribute a property LCJC. o gyer-ba to drop or let fall, to throw down Schr.; to quit, aban- don, throw away $c/t. 1 98 to fall, to tumble, *#!/ Bother form for ^ye-ba, pyi-gros-su O gyes-par ^gyur back foremost they retreat Glr. offydd-pa (Ssk. ^t^m) vb - (W. *gyod-ce*) to repent, to grieve for, and sbst. repentance, sorrow for, not only for bad, but also for good actions, when the latter are attended with disadvantage or loss ; pyis ^yon-par O gyur you will have to repent it hereafter Dzl.; with la, to re- pent of a thing; O gyod-pa skye repentance arises , I feel repentance , I repent frq. ; sems O gy6d-par ^gyur id. ; *da gyod-pa yen dug* W. id.; ^yod-pa med I do not regret it; ^gyod-pa-can repenting Pth.; ^gyod-pai sems med-par Jcyod-la sbyin-no I give it you readily and with all my heart Pth. ; ^gyod-med without repentance, without grud- ging, also: in good earnest; ^gyod-fsdns byed-pa, O fol-zin ^gyod-pa, O gy6d-cin bsdg- pa Dzl. to acknowledge repentingly, to confess with compunction; ^gyod-fsdnsbyed- par yndn - ba to accept a repentant con- fession = to forgive, to pardon Dzl. (p. &"?, V7, L -, 33) ; offyod-rmo-ba, c. la, to make repent, to make one suffer, feel, or pay (for a thing) Dzl.', ynon-^yod repentance proceeding from consciousness of guilt Pth. %( s )-p> pf- wag*, to sound, to utter a sound, of men, ani- mals, thunder etc. Dzl.\ to cry, to shout, dei rnd-lam-du ^rags-par ^yur-na if it is shouted into his ear; ces grogs so it is called, so he was called, by this name he goes, under that name he is known, celebrated; bod-la yi-ge med ces grays Tibet, so it is said, was without letters, without a written language; Zam. O grdgs-pa to bind, v. grdgs-pa. q .-. o grdn-ba 1. Cs. to number, to count, v. bgrdn-ba. 2. to satisfy with food, to satiate, *ddn-ce med* W. he is insatiable; gen. only the pf. is in use: cyrafis rjes after having eaten one's fill 3/ proclamation, publication Sch. Q grdms-pa to \\uriLt. ; of wounds : to get inflamed, ni f. Mil. nt. O grams-fsdd, a disease, fever in consequence of great ex- ertions Med. 'V O ff ras -P a to hate, to bear ill-will, to have a spite against, *na Ko- la ze de O dug* C. I hate him in my heart. n%ro%r .9^9-^9 1- gelatine, jelly of ^-1 I i~l I meat ^ 2. v. the following article. 9 ri 9-P a ( cf - sgrig-pa) to suit, agree, correspond, to be right, adequate, sufficient, in B. seldom, col. very frq., * dig-pa yin* C. that will do, I am satisfied ; *da dig* W. now that will do ! just enough now! *dig-dig* W. to be sure! quite so! of course! %o dig gog* W. yes, to be sure! *tso-ce mi dig* W. it is not yet time for cooking; *fo-re tsdg-na dig- go* W. will it be early enough, if 1 sift it to-morrow'? *de yan mi dig-pa dug* W. also that is not practicable; na jo 1 -yan di ma dig-na if my pronunciation is not correct C. (Lewin). ff rib -P a > P f - 9 rib > L to 9 row less ' to decrease, to be diminished, syn. to Jbri-ba; mi ^rib mi liid-pa neither to grow less nor to flow over Dzl.', but gen. O pel-ba is opposed to O grib-pa, and both 99 words refer not only to bulk, size, and quantity, but also to strength, well-being etc., so that O grib-pa also means to sink, decay, be reduced; bskdl-pa mar O grib, ace. to Schr. = Treta yuga v. dus 6; mar ^rib- pa also opp. to yar skye-ba to be re-born in lower regions. 2. to grow dim, to get dark, cf. sgrib-pa Cs. o9^ m -> i Q lttg- grim Glr. 45: lag- ^grim-gyis brgyus-pas passing from hand to hand, v. O grim-pa II, 1. 9 t ^ m ~P a ^- sometimes for O brim- pa Pth. II. pf. O grims 1. to go, walk, march about, perambulate, to rove or stroll idling about, rgyal-Kams over the countries Mil.; ycig-pur ri-Krod-la Mil.; bar-dor in the bardo (q.v.) Thgr.; mi-ser jdg-pai O grim-sa yin it is a resort of robbers Mil.; it is also used of the course of the veins in the body Med. 2. W. to go Off, to sell, to meet with a ready sale. 3. rig-pa ^rim-pa v. rig-pa. -q- <&ril-b", P f - gril ( cf - sgril-ba) 1. to be twisted or wrapped round, Dzl 17. ace. to one manuscript, for Jcri- ba Sch.; to be collected, concentrated, to Hock or crowd together, kun O gril-nas all in a heap, all together Mil. 2. to be turned, rounded, made circular or cylindric, e.g. a stick Mil. 3. to fall, e.g. leaves from a tree; in B. seldom, in W. frq. ( Q dril- ba is the same word). O yris v. O dris. Qni-fl' <>g r u-ba, pf- g>'us, to bestow pains NS upon a thing, slob-pa-la upon study Dzl Qcnq-q- ^rub-pa, pf. gmb 1. to be made g ready, to be finished, accomplished; O gmb-pa mi srid it is not possible that this be accomplished Glr. ; ma O gritb-pat' before its having been finished Glr.; nut- ^rub-pa^nams ^rub-par O g-yur-ro (frq. of charms, regarding their desired effect) prob. means: all that has not yet been effected, will be accomplished by it; grub-pa-rnams is applied in a special sense to the ordained Gelongs (v. dge-slon)', sugs-la O grub the 100 O grum-pa thing is brought about quite of itself Mil. ; so esp. in the phrase: Ihun-gyis grub-pa being produced spontaneously (opp. to making, procuring) e. g. clothes, food etc. were always at his disposal, viz. in a supernatural way Dzl.\ dpdl-las grub it devolved on me in consequence of my perfection, my superior qualities Mil.] don -la gt'ub-pa med kyait, though it did not actually happen so (still, being meant to frighten by appearances etc.) Glr. ; byed- na don cen O yrub if you do so, you will have many advantages (lit. great welfare) by it Mil; gru ^grub-pa Tar. 25,6; 34,20 Schf. : to take in a full cargo, though from the wide meaning of the word, it may also signify: to accomplish a journey happily, so esp. in the passage Tar. 35,3 2. to be made, fabricated, rdd-las out of stone. -- 3. to be fulfilled, granted, of wishes etc., also with bzin-du. 4. to be performed according to rule, of charms; cf. sgrub-pa and grub-pa. O grub-sby6r is an expression occurring in almanacs, relative to the proving true of certain astrological prognostics of good luck, similar to, but not identic with rten- brel. 9 r ^ m -P a ) P f - f/rum(?), to pinch or nip off (the point of a thing), to cut off, to prune, lop, clip, the wings, W., cf. grum-pa. jrul-ba I. 1. to walk, to pass, to travel, O grul-bar byed-pa to cause to go, to send off, despatch, a messenger Dzl.', *nun-la dul* W. walk first! take the lead! ^rul-ba-po, O grid-po Sch., *dul- Kan, dul-mi* W. a walker, foot-traveller, pedestrian; ^grul-pa Sch. id.; ^grul sbst. passage, the possibility of passing, ynya- ndn-gi O grul cad-pas the passing from Nyanan being made impracticable (viz. by snow) Mil. 2. fig. to walk, to live, act, or behave, *tim-si* (or *tim-mi) nan- tar* W. (to live) in conformity with one's duty, in accordance to the law. 3. to pass, to be good, current, of coins. II. i. o. brul-ba Mil. ^jrus-pa 1 . pf. of yru-ba. 2. sbst. zeal, diligence, endeavour; more frq. brtson- grus. QJTJ'q* O g r e-ba 1- to roll one's self, sd-la on the ground; O gre-ldog Glr. (or O gre log Pth.) byed-pa id., e.g. from pain, despair etc.; also of horses etc. 2. to repeat Cs. O gren-ba (cf. Q sgreh-ba) to stand (not in use in W.) don-gi Kar O gren-nas standing at the top of the pit Dzl." dhdiis-pa Itar Q greu-bar O gyur they start up as if frightened Dzl. ; of the po- mfsdn : to be erected Med. ; mi O grcn ysum three lengths of a man Tar. Q gren-bu, also O gren-po (Glr.') the sign of the vowel e. J- O grem(s}-pa, pf. bkram, fut. dgram,, imp. fcroms (PF. *tam- ce*, imp. *fom*) 1. to put or lay down in order, e.g. beams, spars etc. B. and col ; to spread out, to display, goods, books, on the table or ground; to scatter, blossoms by the wind Stg.; to draw, a curtain. - 2. to sprinkle, water, B. and col. 3. to distribute, for O brim-pa C. o9 r vl-ba, pf. bkral, another form for ^rol-ba, to explain, comment, illustrate, dg6its-pa the import (of the words or writings of the saints); O grel-ba 6s., grd-paZam., Tar. explanation, explication, commentary; don- grel, resp. dgoiis- grcl explanation of the meaning; t'sig- grel ex- planation of a word, of the words; fzun- grel 1. explication of the text 2. text and commentary; ran- grel prob. self-explana- tion, an explanation contained in the book itself Wdit.', Q (jrel-ba-po Cs., O grel-po Sch., O grd-byed Cs. an explainer, commentator. (pan- f sun ^rel-ba, and Kral^rel-ba Lexx.?} 9 r6 -sgo C. expense, expenditure, of money, *do-gor tdn-ba* to lay out (money), to spend. 'ul-<$ ro P ac i n g> walking Cs. r yyuy- yro running, galloping Cs. ndn- yro going to damnation, ndn- sott having gone to damnation, ndn-son f&um the three damned, or not saved, classes of beings (v. sub II) ; nan-son ysum is opposed to bde-^ro^ and often used in a general sense = c hell'. snon- yro \. pre- ceding, foregoing, previous, former. 2. preface, introduction, opp. to ditos-yzi, the thing itself, the text etc. Thgr. and elsewh. cos fams-cdd-kyi sit on- ^ roi 'slab-by aPetersb. Verzeichnissno.409) does not mean: 'advice given by the former (teachers)' Sch., but: introductory and preparatory doctrines. mcon- gro (going in leaps) a frog Cs. - nydl- gro (creeping, crawling) a worm. lto- yro (crawling, sliding on the belly) worm, snake, frq. dud-^gro (&>., t?f^r ) walking in an inclined posture, an animal, v. sub. II. bde- gro going to happiness: the happy, the blessed, also bd ( >r- yro Was., opp. to //dn- gro, v. above; usually in a gen. sense, like our 'heaven'; bde- yro mfo-ris-Ttyi lus fob-pa to receive a heavenly, glorified body, v. lus. Q dur- yro trotting Cs. O pur-gro a bird Cs. O pye- gro Ito-^gro. Idiis-^gro walking erect, man. - 2. to get, to get into, to enter ci-bdag- gi dbdn-du sor't-ba having got into the power of death S.a. ; grdl-gyi fa-mar son they got (in a miraculous manner) to the end Dzl. V\S, 4. b.; de nyid mig-tu soii- na if the same (a little hair) gets into the eye Thgy. 3. to find room in, to be contained in, \ikeso/i-ba: til-tjdn Kalbrgydd- cu O gro-ba ziy a sesame store-room that will hold 80 bushels; Kal yciy O yro-bai zin as much land as can be sown with a bushel of corn (prop, a field holding a bushel) Pth, 4. to turn to, to be trans- formed into, syn. to O gyur-ba and often used instead of it, but only in more re- cent writings, and in the col. language of C. (in W. *cd-ce* is much more in use): duy-tu ^gro it turns to poison, it is changed into poison Mil. ; Kyi-mo ziy-tu son she was changed into a bitch Mil. ; mfar gyur-nas sdug-bsitdl-du O gro-bas-na because they finally change and are turned into misery Thgy.; log -par O gro~ba to take an un- favourable turn, to have a fatal issue (of a cure) Lt; da sgrub-ynas-su son yod it has now become a place of meditation, it has been transformed into sacred ground 102 jrdgs-pa Mil.; stobs cun-du O yr6-ba the state of declining, the decay of strength Med. ; col- bar ^gro they get intermixed, confused Ma.; similarly Tar. 210,10; las zin jjro- na when there is no more work, when work ceases. In a somewhat different sense: me-toy smdn-la c gro the blossom is used for medicines. 5. In W. ^ro-ba is gen. joined to a supine in te, and used to express uncertainty or probability: *di- rih der teb-te do* he has probably arrived there to-day; *zer-te yod do* very likely he has said so; *sro zi-te (jo* his anger will have abated, I think. The origin of this particular use of the word may perh. be traced to such sentences as the one following: puii-ste O gro we are going to be ruined, we are likely to be ruined. 6. to be spent, expended, v. O gr6-sgo; *s6n- fo* col., account of expenses. II. sbst. a being, a living creature, ^gro- ba mi the being k man', Mil.; O gro-ba rin- cen Cs., O gro-mcog, the highest being, or creature, man; ^gro-bai rigs drug, ^gro- drug the six classes of beings, viz. lha, Iha-^ma-yin, mi, dud-^ro, yi-dvags, dmydl- ba-pa. The lha-ma-yin are sometimes omitted, or placed after man. ^gro^-bai) don byed-pa, or mdzdd-pa to care for the welfare of beings, which expression is frq. applied to the benevolent activity of the Bodhisatvas etc., at present as much as: to perform divine service, to officiate, = sku-rim byed-pa. O gro-pdn = O yro-ddn Tar. 13, 16. O gr6-sa t. way, road W., *do-sa med* one cannot go there. 2. aim, scope, ^ro-sar pyin he reaches his aim, attains his end Glr. 3. access, approach, O gro-sa mi O dug one cannot gain access, admission. <>9 r6 9 s -P a 1- ( cf - 9 r 9*) to be associated, Kyo-suy j-nyis O yroys- na husband and wife together Dzl.; de dan ^rogs-te ^ons he came with him, had joined him Dzl.; ^grogs-te don -no let us go together Dzl.; na dan K'yed-rnams Jbral- med rtdg-tu O grogs I and you, we shall always remain inseparably united Glr.; O gr6gs-dgos-rnams tliose with whom we are to keep close fellowship, our nearest re- lations and associates S.g. 2. cf. O grdgs- pa, sgrog-pd) to cry, to shout Dzl, esp. joined whh O bod. 3. (cf. grds-pa, grdgs- pa I.) to bind, to tie, fdg-pa-la dar-lcog, a flag to a rope; to hang, fix, fasten, nyi-mui zrr-la hanging on a sun-beam Glr. 2f 9'' 6 ' l ( s )-P> or egrf'M-pa, straight, - bsrdns-pa, Ts. O gron-ba 1. pf. grons 1. resp. to die; O groits-ka the very time of one's death 6s. , cf. Q ci-ka; sometimes it stands 2. for O dren-pa, Mil. and C. 2. pf. bkroits, fut. dgrons, resp. to be killed, murdered, put to death, of Lamas and kings. r ^rod-pa, ^bgrod- pa, to go, to travel Glr. y ron alienism, the state of being a foreigner; O gron-du O gro-ba to go on travels, to go abroad Dzl.; ^ron-po, fern. Q gron-wio, guest, foreigner, stranger, traveller frq.; O gron-po Jbod-mKan one inviting guests, an inviter col.; yzis-^gron a native guest, byes-^ron a foreign guest Cs. ; ^gron-Kdn inn, public house Mil. ; ^gron- ynyer 1. that servant in a household who has to announce visitors, to receive and hand over requests etc.; in W. an official in the monasteries attending on strangers and travellers. 2. a mediator, one supporting a petition, one taking care of sacrifices etc. ^gron-ldm road 6s. , Cs. = ^rod-pa. ^jron-bu {W. col. *rum-bu*} a small shell, cowry, at present chiefly used as ornament, or as a medicine, after having been burnt and pulverized; O y>'6n- bui fal the ashes of this shell Med. ; ^ron- fod an ornament for the head, consisting of cowries Mil. Qpj,* ^gror, supine of PCff^'jn* 9 r l-ba I. vb. neut., pf. grol, to become free, to be liberated, re- leased from, bcins-pa gah yin-pa de-dag ni grol-bar yyur-to all that were bound 103 rffu were released ; lus de las from this body Gl>'.; ndd-las from disease, nas by me Mil. In a specific Buddhistic sense: yid, or sems mam-par grol the soul or spirit is released, made free, viz. from every impediment arising from imperfect knowledge or per- ception, the latter being no longer subject to dimness and uncertainty, but perfectly clear; ran(-sar) grol-ba what has become clear of itself (without any study or exertion) Glr.; yet ran grol-ba seems also to denote: to be set free, to get released (from the Kor-ba) through one's self; cos-nyid-kyi glin-du O grol-ba to be released and elevated into the region of the highest perception Glr.; ^grol-ba, used absolutely, always signi- fies, like fdr-ba, to be released from the evil of existence. II. vb. act., pf. bkrol, fut. dgrol, imp. Krol ( W. bkrol, pronounced *fo/*) 1. to loose, untie, unbutton, unfasten, a knot, a bag, a garment; to put down, take off, arms, or- naments etc. 2. to release, redeem, liberate, bci/ts-pa-las from fetters Tar. 3. to re- move, do away with, put an end to, sdug- bsi'tdl misery, fe-fsom doubts. 4. to re- move Obscurities, to free from uncertainties, to explain, interpret, comment, = O grel-ba, e.g. dgons-pa the sense, import Lex.; O grol- byed, O grol(-ba)-po commentator Cs. aSfef* ( J ros the act of 9 in 9> walking, pyi O gros-su v. sub O g yes-pa; skyabs- gros v. skyabs; spyod- gros manner of walking, gait, carriage; sen-gei spyod-gros Mil. the manner of a lion; also manner or mode of living, of transacting business, de-fso nd-yi spyod- gros yin these are my occupa- tions Mil.; mig-gi spyod- gros the language of the eyes, of looks ; rkan-gros 1 . a going or travelling on foot, a march. 2. breeding cattle, rkan- grds spel-ba to breed cattle, to be a grazier. cu- grds a current of water; *sin cu- grds-la kydl-ce* to float tim- ber W. O gros-cen amble (of a horse) Sch. r 9 a -ba, pf. rgas 1. to be old, aged, rga-sis yzir-ba to suffer under (the infirmities of) old age Zam. (cf. skye-ba init.); rgds-pai ste/t-du beside my being already old Dzl.\ rgas-Kogs v. J?6gs-pa. 2. fig. to go down, to set, of the sun etc. ; go-rgds v. go 2. ' /v/-"v//;-/-/v/J tub Med.; -gu-drus? 104 *]" rgiid-pa a to decline, to sink, to get weak, frail, esp. with old age Mil., Pth.\ in W. used in a more general sense: *gud son* 1. lie has grown thin. 2. he is impoverished, much reduced, in declining circumstances; dar-rgud the rise and fall in the world. ft.x' rgun the vine; grape; rgun-dkdr white N ^ grapes, rgun -nag black, or purple grapes W. ; ryun-ryod W. raisins; rgun- O brum grapes; raisins; ryun (- O bruni)-si/i vine; rgun(- bruiti)-fscis vineyard; rgun-cdn Mil. wine, resp. ryun-skyems Cs. fS^\ rgur v. dgur. Cff rgo, sometimes for syo. Cfj"^* ryo-ba = dgo-ba. ryons S.g.? jxjr-rr r ryoits-mo Mil. for dyons-mo (?). 1. laughing, laughter S.g. 2. bird ' of prey. 3. wild. 4. prudent (v. the following word). rgod-pa I vb. 1. to laugh, aloud (tfaf. *rgod-ca*) cf. 0dd-w, dgod-pa, bgdd-pa. 2. to grow weak, lan- guid, or indolent, syn. to yyeit-ba, often joined with %z>i, for emphasis; rgod-bag- can weak, languid, indolent Stg. II. adj. 1. wild, ra-ryod wild goat, pay-ryod wild boar, yyag-ryod wild yak or ox; ryod-yyay-rwd horn of the wild yak /S.<7. ; bya-ryod vulture, bird of prey = bya- 1'gydl] rgod-po, and ryod id.; rgod-kyi rtse- ryydl an eagle's feather, stuck as ornament on the hat Pth.; mi-i'god a wild or savage man; a robber, ruffian; mi-ryod byed-pa to rob (usually named together with murder- ing and lying) DzL, but as the Tibetan always attaches to this word mi-ryod the notion of some gigantic hairy fiend, it cannot in every instance be applied to be- ings really existing. Fig. furious, angry (seldom) ; dbuys-ryod Med. ? 2. prudent, able C., Zam. aT^'&T r 96d-ma, rta rgod-ma (Bed. * gun- ma* a mare; ryod-skdm-ma a bar- ren mare Sch.] rgod-brun dung of a mare Med. CH^I" ryol 1. v. rydl-ba. 2. v. ryol-ba. >'yol-ba, pf. and fut. brgol, to dispute, combat, fight, mi-la with or against a man; pd-rol-poi dmdg-la ryol-du O gro-ba they are about to tight against the hostile army Dzl.\ fzdn-yyis ryol ma nus-so no- body could fight them, could make head against them Glr.; to offer resistance, to make opposition, SMS kyan ryol-ba O dziigs- pai mi ma byun nobody arose to offer re- sistance Pth. (evidently incorrect; it should be either ; sus kijan rgol-ba O dzuys-pa [inf. ] ma byun, or: ryol-ba O dzuys-pai [partic.] mi su yan ma byun); sometimes as much as to accuse, to charge, Kydd-tyis nai bu bsdd-do zes brydl-te 'you have killed my son', thus accusing me Dzl. ; fsur ynyis ryol he quarrels at a double rate Mil. ; mi- la ryol-ba zu-ba to find fault with another (higher in rank), to pick a quarrel with him Mil.; ryol-bai zu-don a speech pro- voking a quarrel with a superior Mil. ; pas- ryol a quarrel or contest begun by the counter-party Sch. ; pas-ryol-mi, pas ryol- pa mi adversary, opponent Dzl. ?sS 5 , 2. snd-rgol, and pyi-rgol (Ssk. qr^c||f^^ & m.cnr^0 1- a cc. to Cs. plaintiff and de- fendant, but these terms are not quite ade- quate, as s/td-rgol prop, denotes him who begins a quarrel, the aggressor, assailant, both in war and in common life, e.g. in court, and pyi-ryol designates him, who is intent on defending himself against the attacks and accusations of the opponent, by surpassing him in abusive language and esp. by having recourse to witch- craft. Hence pyir-rgol-bai ynod-pa is a kind of danger against which every one tries to protect himself, and chiefly again by charms and witchcraft. '2. sha-ryol and pyi-vgol are also said to signify those students that are contending with one an- other in academical disputations. f. rgya 1. resp. pyay-rgyd, seal, stamp, mark, sign, token; (pyuy-Yrgyds O debs- 105 pa, Cs. ryya bryydb-pa^ to seal, to stamp; to seal up, biim-pa-la a bottle Glr. ; ndm- mJcai dbydiis-su (to seal up) into the hea- venly regions, i.e. to cause to disappear, to hide for ever Glr. ; to confirm or pledge solemnly by a sealed document; ri-ryya liul - ryya Q dzuy - pa 'to seal up hills and valleys', i.e. to protect the living beings inhabiting them from being harmed by huntsmen or fishermen, an annual perfor- mance of the Dalai Lama, consisting in a variety of spells and incantations; ryya y coy-pa to break open a seal Cs. Fur- ther expressions v. compounds. 2. (6s. rgyd-bo?) extent, width, size, rgyar dpag- tu-med-pa immeasurable in extent Glr.', sems-can-yyi ryyai fsad ni ci tsam how vast must be the extent (of love) with res- pect to beings! Thyy.; rgyd-can having extent, mlcyen-rgya-can of extensive learn- ing Mil. ; ryya-cen(-po) of very large size, very extensive, of a building, a pond etc. ; grand, enormous, prodigious, of banquets feasts, sacrifices, assemblies ; c. accus. very rich in, Schr.', in a general sense: great, ston-pa ryya-ce-ba a great master or teacher Thyy. ; ryya-^cen spyod-pai bld-ma may be rendered: a very virtuous Lama, po. ; ryya- cun denotes the contrary of all this ; ryya- ce-cun v. ryya-Kyon in Compounds; rgya- cer adv. = ryyds-par in detail, at large, at full length, e.g. to explain: rgya-cer byed- pa to extend Feer Introd. etc. p. 72; ryya- cer-rol-pa Lalitavistara or Lalitavistara, title of a biography of Buddha, translated and edited by Foucaux (a conjecture con- cerning the signification of the Sanskrit word v. Fouc. Ryyatcherr. II. p. XXII.; some statements relative to the Chinese translations of this work, v. ibid. p. XVI., and Was. 176; on the historical value of it v. Was. 3, 4) ; ryya bskyed-pa Zam., Cs. to widen, augment, enlarge, extend, ryya bskum-pa to contract, to diminish the ex- tent. Lastly, it also denotes, like dkyil- Kor, a plain surface, a disk : nyi zlai ryya dkar sar Mil. the bright disks of the sun and moon appear, cf. ryyas in zla-ryyds; v. also the compounds. 3. (6s. ryyd-mo, perh. also ryyd-ma*) net; byd-ryya fowling- net, nyd-ryya fishing-net, ri-days-ryya hunting -net, 4. for ryyd-ma, v. com- pounds. 5. for ryyd-mo beard, ryyd- can having a beard, bearded 6'. 6. for ryya-ydr, ryya-gdr-pa, and ryya-ydr-skad. 7. for ryya-ndy, ryya-ndy-pa, and ryya- ndy-skad. 8. for rgya-ru. 9. for ryya- skyi'ys. 10. erron. for bryya. Comp. and deriv. ryya-dkdr 1. nyi- zldi ryya-dkdr v. above no. 2. extr. 2. 6s. = ryya-ydr India, 3. 6s. a dog with white spots on the nose. ryya-skdd 1. Sans- krit language, 2. Chinese language. ryya- skds ( W. *yya-sre*} a (European) staircase, cf. skds-ka. ryya-skeys, ryya-skycys, Ssk. ^fT^ff, Williams: 'a kind of red dye, lac, obtained from an insect as well as from the resin of a particular tree' ; in medical works it is mentioned as an astringent me- dicine; the adjectives dkar-ryyd light-red, and ryya-smuy violaceous C. are derived from this word. ryya-Kiir MedJ ryya- Kyi a Chinese dog. rgya - Kyon width, extent, area Pth., col. *yya-ce-cuh*. ryya- Jcri C. chair. ryya-ydr (the 'white ex- tent or plain') India, ryya-ydr-pa an Indian, ryya-yar-skad Sanskrit language. vgyaf gram a figure like a cross; rdo^rje-ryya- yrdm shaped like a quadrifid flower; rlun ryya-yrdm zes-pa Glr. seems to be = rliin- yi dkyil-Jtor atmosphere (connected with some phantastic association); Idm-po ryya- yrdm a cross-road Sch. ryya-cdn a kind of girdle Lex. ryya-can v. rgya 2 and 5. ryya-cu-Kuy-pa n. of a river in China near the Tibetan frontier (also ryya-cu- rabs-med) Glr. rgya-ce etc. v. ryya 2. ryya-tdm Shot. = tdm-ka, the third part of a rupee. rgya-vtags mark, signature, stamp Sch. rgya -Ml a kind of seal or stamp 6s. rgya-mfoiis \. a platform, an open pavilion on the house-top, 2. a vent-hole for smoke. ryya- di'<> a quarrel Mil.nt. ryya -nay (the 'black extent') China, r or %2/^ provisions, victu- als, food, in full: O fso-bai rgyags, O fso-rgydgs; lam -rgyags provisions for a journey; dgun-rgydgs prov. for the winter; rgyags -pye, provisions of meal or flour; rgyags- zon merchandize to buy or barter victuals with. r gyfy B -P a fat > stout ^ Schr - also mighty, powerful, proud; rgyags- prug Pth., Schr.: bastard-child. SC* r yy an ( so pronounced in Bal.} instead ^ of gyai't, wall. - ryydh-ba, for (b}rkyd>i - ba, Pth.: rgydn-nas bzag they laid him down with his hands and feet stretched out. r gydn-ma distance 1. absolutely: rgydn^-ma^-nas at a distance, from afar, e. g. to see, to call to ; rgydn (-ma) 107 rgydb-pa -nas grays -pa ce - ba famous, celebrated, from afar Mil.; rgydit-du Ids-pa lingering far behind Sch. ; rgyaii mig mi mfon-mKan W. short-sighted; rgyaii mcoit btdit - gin moving forward by long leaps; rgydn-so O dzugs-pa to look over Sch., (ought per- haps to be spelled rgyaii-zo one looking, spying into a distance); rgyaii-sel spy-glass, rgyan-bsrins-pa lengthened to a great dis- tance Lex.\ rgyaii -pan, rgyait -pen n. of a philosophical (atheistical 6s.) sect in an- cient India, Tar. 22, 8: O jig-rten-rgyaii- pdn. 2. used relatively: rgyaii -riii-po far, rgyaii-nn-por son he went far away Mil.; rgyan-fuii-ba near; rgyaii-grdgs the reach of hearing, ear- shot, (gen. the dis- tance at which the sound of a trumpet may be heard, i.e. about 500 fathoms; however, as this number is much in favour with the Tibetans, such estimates are not to be de- pended upon). mig-rgydii Glr. distance of sight, i.e. the distance at which a man may be well distinguished from a woman, or a horse from an ass ; rgydiis adv. far, rgyans bkyed-de Mil.nt. moving far away, e. g. in order to increase one's distance from an unpleasant neighbour at table). AT\- rgydn-tse n. of a village and mo- v nastery in Tibet, not far from the frontier of Bhotan, Kopp. II., 358. JLT. rgyan 1. 1. ornament, decoration, rgydn- v ' gyis brgydn-pa decked with ornaments DzL; rgyan- dogs-pa to adorn one's self Mil.; Ka-rgydn an ornament at the mouth, edge, or brim of a vessel, e.g. peacock's feathers about the mouth of a bum -pa (sacred bottle), flowers in a glass etc.; fca- rgydn-can decorated in the front-part, eg. a coat trimmed with fur of different co- lours, an arrow gaily painted at its notch- ed end ; rgyan - mams DzL ornaments, rt/i/tin-ca id.; rgyan-gos Glr. festival gar- ment, beautiful vesture; dbu-rgydn an or- nament of the head, a diadem. 2. in relation to spiritual things: sems-kyi rgyan something good, a blessing, for the heart Mil.; rgydn-du O car it proves a blessing, a moral advantage or benefit Mil. II. 1. a stake or pledge at play, = skugs, *gyan tsiig-cc* W. to bet, to wager, e.g. a rupee: (also rgyal? Schr.}. 2. lot, rgyan rgydb-pa to cast lots, without religious ce- remonies, whereas rtags-ril and mo are connected with such. *q* r ffU a b> res P- sku^rgydb, Ssk. xp 1. the ^** back of the body, the back part of any thing; rgydb-kyis pyogs-pa, in later literature also rgyab- pyogs-pa Thgy. to turn one's back to a person or thing, c. la, also fig. DzL; rgydb-kyis pyogs-par byed-pa to put to flight; rgyab ston-pa to turn one's back, to turn round Glr.; rgydb-tu skyur-ba to throw to the back, to leave behind, to give up, to quit, frq. ; rgydb-tu Jb6r-ba id. ; rgyab brten^pa to lean one's back against or upon, to lean or rest on, to rely upon, confide in Mil.; rgyab byed-pa to protect Sch.; rgydb-tu, rgydb-na, rgydb-la behind, behind hand; after, back; rgyab-nas from behind; rgyab mdun fnyis-la Glr., *gyab dan dun- la* col. behind and before ; ti - se'i byan- rgydb-tu sleb fse as we came behind to the north-side of the Tise Mil. ; rgydb-kyi skycd- mos-fsal-du ysegs-so let us go into the gar- den behind us DzL ; rgyab^rdzi one stand- ing behind working people, in order to watch and superintend them. 2. as much as one is able to carry on his back, a load, drel-rgydb ysum three mules' loads Glr. Comp. bal-rgydb, or *rgyab-bdl* W. a fleece of wool. rgyab-Kdl 'a back's load', a burden carried on the back Sch., Schr. rgyab - sit as a cushion or pad for the back 6". rgyab -rte^n something to lean against, a safe retreat, prop, support Mil., rgydb-rtcn byed-pa to be a support Mil. rgyab-riii serpent, snake Sch. *gyab-log jhe'-pa* C. l. to turn one's back 2. to rebel, revolt; *gyab-log ddd-ce* W. to sit back- ward, with the back in advance. >''gyal- sgruns, legend of the kings, esp. that of Gesar. rgyal-cen bzi the four kings of the spirits or guardians of the universe 109 rgydl-ba ( Q jig-rten-sky6n v. skyon-ba), residing just below the summit of Meru, the protectors of the gods against the Asuras,, v. Kopp. I, 250; II, 261. rgyal-stod lunar mansion v. rgyu-skdr. rgydl-po 1. king, rgydl-po cen-po great king, emperor; rgydl-por ^jug- pa, bsko-ba, to inaugurate a king, to raise to the royal throne; mi-la ryydl-po O col- ba id. Pth.j ryydl-po byed-pa to act the king, to be(a) king; /'/a ryydl-po mi O dod I do not wish to be king DzL; ryydl-po mi fdb-na if I do not obtain royalty DzL ; nas ni rc/ydl-po mi nus-so I cannot be king DzL The word is also used for : government- authorities, police etc.; ryydl-poi cdd-pa public punishment, rgydl-pos ysod-pa to be publicly executed. (As a characteristic sign of Asiatic views it seems worth mentioning, that the rgyal-po is usually spoken of much in the same manner, as robbers, confla- grations etc. are, i.e. as a kind of calamity against which protection is to be sought, esp. by charms and spells, cf. Jigs-pa). 2. a local god, ^ro-fdn rgydl-po the Dewa of Dotan Mil. 3. fig. something excellent, superior in its kind; not only as with us the word is applied to the lion, as the king of animals, but also to distinguished flowers: the Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), to mountains, Meru and others; and col. gans-rgydl a large glacier, brag-rgydl a huge rock, smon-lam-gyi rgydl-po a very comprehensive prayer, the bzan-spyod Glr. 4. symb. num.: 16. rgyal-prdn vassal or feudatory prince. rgydl-bu prince. rgyal-blon king and ministers, council of state. rgydl-mo 1. queen. 2. pupil of the eye, together with the iris; rgydl-moi mdans nyams the brightness of the eye- ball disappears Mcd. 3. like rgydl-po 3, e.g. a charm of particular power. rgyal- smdd lunar mansion, v. rgyu-skdr. rgyal- fsdb (for rgyal-poi fsab^ 1 . vice-roy, regent. Such a vice-roy under Chinese supremacy is now the king of Tibet, who about a century ago was still an independent ruler. 2. successor of a king. 3. (for rgydl-bai fsab) Maitreya, the future Buddha. rgyal- mfsdn sign of victory, trophy, a kind of decoration o cloth, of a cylindrical shape, erected upon a flag-staff,- or carried on a pole. rgyal-rdbs 1. = rgyal-brgyud. 2. history, annals, of the kings, title of several books. rgyal-rigs \. the royal family, house, lineage, 2. warrior-caste ^. rgydl- sa i. a king's or prince's residence, city where a court is held, and hence often capital, metropolis. 2. col., esp. in W.: town. 3. throne fig.; rgydl-mr fsegs-pa to ascend the throne, rgyal-sa bzu/i-ba to occupy the throne, rgydl-sar bsko-ba to raise to the throne, rgyal-sa ^prog-pa to usurp the throne; O di-nas rgydl-sa rgyai min rgydl-po-la sor from him the dominion passed over to the Chinese Ming-dynasty Glr. rgyal-srds 1. prince. 2. son of Buddha, a saint; sndn-gyi rgyal-srds saints of the olden time, of past ages. rgyal-srid i. government, reign, rgyal-srid bzun-ba to enter upon the reign, to take possession of the throne. 2. rgyal-srid sna-bdun the seven jewels of royal government, v. rin-cen. ft^pq' rgyds-pa(vrop. pf. to rgyd-ba) 1. vb. to increase in bulk or quantity, to augment, to spread, bd-yi nu Itar rgyas (the swollen uvula) gets as big as a cow's dug (these are in Tibet particularly small) Lt. ja-fson rgyds-pa O dra like an expanded rainbow Glr. ; bstdn-pa rgyds-sin the doctrine gaining ground, spreading Glr.; to grow, develop itself, of blossoms frq., of the body etc. 2. adj. extensive, large, ample, wide; copious, plentiful, manifold, numerous; rich in, abounding in; great in, strong in cca.; detailed, complete, full; esp. adv. rgyds-par (col. *gyds-pa, gye-pa*), rgyds- par ises O ddd-na, often also rgyds-par Q dod- na if you wish to know it fully, to hear it in detail; *fsdn-ma gyds-pa zer-na* W. if all the particulars are to be told; rgyds- par byed-pa \ . to make bigger, to augment, to increase, to bestow or confer plentifully, mi-la on a person Glr. 2. to describe, narrate, state at large, in detail frq.; don rgyds-/mr byed-pa to be very useful, to exert a 110 rgyu rgyu beneficial influence, la on, Glr. zla-ba rgyds-pa full moon Pth.; nya-rgyds zla-ba id. rgyds-pai fsd-ba, rgyas-fsdd n. of a disease Med. zi-rgyds etc. v. glin, and zi-ba. A. rgyu Ssk. f ?T 1. 1. matter, substance, ma- ^ terial, rgyu* sel- las crystal being the material; cdii-rgyu ingredients for making beer, i.e. barley, barm etc.; rgyu dge-ba bsdgs-pas fob-pa yin (the human body) is a substance obtained by accumulating virtue Thgy.; nd-ladgos-rgyu cuii \ have few wants Mil.; also for substance in an emphatical sense, = nervus rerum, money Mil.', bzo- rgyu matter or substance of which any thing is made or manufactured, material Glr.; zd-rgyu med we have nothing to eat fill-.: hence opportunity, chance, possibility, dd-ltar rgyu zig man -HO an opportunity offers now Dzl ; arrangements, preparation, * do-gyu jhe'-pa* C. to make preparations for a journey. In a special sense: material, stuff for weaving, warp, chain. 2. cause, reason, motive, main condition, mya-iidn- las O ddd-pai rgyur ^gyur it becomes the cause of Nirwana, i.e. it leads to Nirwana Dzl.] in elliptical speech: lha dan mii rgyur gyur-pai dye-ba the virtue that leads to (the re -birth amongst) gods or men Dzl. QV,11 (Sch. incorr.); in the same manner ndn-soh rgyu-ru gro; rgyus c. genit. by reason of, on account of, in consequence of Tar. ; cii rgyus why Stg. ; rgyu med-du, med-par without the impulse of a foreign cause, spontaneously; without sufficient reason, without good cause, the Latin temere; rgyu dan rkyen Cs. and Sch. 'cause and effect', more correctly (cf. rhyen) : primary and secondary cause, which, certainly, sometimes coincides with 'origin and further development', and so, too, with 'cause and effect'; rgyu dan rkyen de'i pyir, del rgyu del rkyen-gyis, del rqyu -rkyen, therefore, on that account; in Med.'. nye-bai rgyu the three anthropological causes or conditions of diseases, the three 'humours', air, bile, and phlegm; rin-bai rgyu the ultimate cause of diseases, and of every evil, viz. ignorance (ma-rig-pa, v. rig -pa) ; skyed- byed rgyu the creative cause Zam.; O pel- bai rgyu n{ Ite-ba the main condition, the efficient cause, of growth is the navel-string Med.; rgyu byed-pa to be the principal cause of, to lie at the bottom of a matter Mil. ; rgyu skyed-pa to lay the foundation of Dzl. 3. after verbal roots rgyu implies necessity, like our I am to, I have to, I am obliged to, I ought to; in later literature, as well as in the present col. language of C., it indicates the fut. tense: cos-skor yyds- nas byed-rgyu-la whereas the holy cir- cumabulation (v. skor-ba I, 2) ought to be performed from the right (to the left) Mil.; sddn-dgra ydl-rgyu-la as the enemy must vanish, or: is sure to come to an end Mil.; * sol-cog tal-dig jhd-gyu yin-nam* C. am I to lay the cloth? *dhd-ta to-ca zd-la O do-gyu yin* C. now I will go and dine; nai drun-du ^on-rgyu yin-pa those that intended to come to me (the Latin 'venturi') Glr.; de-la rgyal-srid yfdd-rgyu- la when the government was to be con- ferred upon him, when he was to enter upon his reign Glr.; rta zon-rgyu med (riding-) horses were not to be had Glr. - When appended to adjectives, it is a mere pleonastical addition: dkon-rgyu med that is not a very precious thing, there is nothing particular in that Mil.; cu/i- rgyui lha- Kan a very small temple Mil.; yzdn-pas legs -rgyu med he is not more beautiful than others Glr. ; ya-mfsdn-rgyu- med that is not to be wondered at; *go- gyu man* C. that is useless. Comp. rgyu-rkyen (v. above sub no. '2) connection, meaning, signification, rgyu- rkyen bsad-du ysol please explain to me the connection, which is often used in a general sense = what does that mean? what is that? Glr., but also in a special sense relative to law-suits: *Kyo-kyi gyu- kyen zu-la O do* C. I am going to tell what it is with you, i.e. I shall inform against you, bring an action against you. rgyu- cd col. that which belongs to a thing, an appurtenance, necessary implement etc. rgyu-ba Ill r ryyud rgyu- b>'ds cause and effect or consequence, gen. in a moral sense: actions and their frmis(lds-kyirgyu- b/'ds~); also the doctrine treating on this subject, the doctrine of re- tribution, the principal dogma of Buddhism, prop.: las-rgyu- brds-kyicos; las-rgyu- bi-ds- la yid-ccs-pa to believe in the doctrine of retribution Glr. rgyu - mfsdn (Ssk. f'Tf^TT) 1- cause, rgyu- mfsdn O dri-ba to ask after the cause Glr.; rgyu-mfsdn lo- rgyus O dri-ba to question closely, to examine rigorously Mil. ; the connection of events, the manner in which a thing has come to pass, nai ndn-nas pye Kyer-bai rgyu- mfscin sod tell me how it was that you could fetch the flour from my house, how you were able to accomplish it Mil. nt. 2. token, sign, characteristic, proof, evidence, O dug-pai rgyu-mfsdn as an evidence of being . . . Glr. II. instead of rgyu-ma. zS*q* rgyu-ba, to go, walk, move, wander, ^ range, of men, animals, and fig. of lifeless things, cu-la rgyu-bai O dab-cdgs birds frequenting the water-, kun-tu rgyu- ba to wander from one place to another, hence: kun-tu-rgyu itinerant monk, n. of a sect of the Brahraans Dzl.; rlun rgyu- bai rtsa those veins in which air is cir- culating, cf. rtsa and rlun; also c. accus.: yul, or gron rgyu-ba to rove through coun- tries, through villages; rgyu-srdn, btsdn- gyi rgyu-srdn the road that is frequented by the btsan (a kind of demons). rgyu- skdr v. below. i^rar rgyu-ma 1. entrails, intestines, bowels, ^ esp. the small intestines, opp. to lon- ka the large intestines; rgyu Kril-ba con- volvulus intestinorum Sch. (?) ; rgyu Jcrog- pa the croaking of the bowels Sch.; rgyu- sgrog the caul, covering the lower intestines ; rgyu-stod the upper bowels, rgyu-smdd the lower bowels Cs. ; rgyu-ndd disease of the bowels ; rgyu-yzer colic. 2. sausage, *gyu-ma gydn-wa* C. (v. sgyoii-ba), *kdt't- ce* W. to stuff sausages; *gyu-ma kar- gydh* meat-sausage, meat-pudding, *gyu- ma nag-gydu* black-pudding 6'. b" the lunar mansions, Ssk. T^^, orthose 'constellations' through which the moon 'passes' in her revolution round the heavens; ace. to Wdk. and others they are the following: fa-skar (ahodbyug- gu) three stars in the Ram's head; 9 bra- nye (conceived by the Brahmans to be the image of the yoni) ; 3 smin-drug, the Pleiades; ^be-rdzi, snar-ma; & myo, HIIUI!- po; V lag; ^Snabs-so, rgyal-stod, nam-so; V rgyal-smad; Lskag, wa; femcu, rta-pa, rta-cen (with Regulus its brightest star); 9 gre, rtau, rta-Zun; 99 dbo, Ura; 9% me- bzi, bya-ma; 9% nag-pa, byau (with Spica); 9& sa-i'i; 9\" sa-ga; 9^> lha-mfsams, lag- sor; 9V snron, Ideu (with Antares); 9^, snrubs, sog-pa: ?Q cu-stod; ^ cu-smad, pul; %9 gro - bzin and byi- bzin (considered as one constellation); ^mon-gre^ mon-dre; 3% mon-gru, sgrog ; %&' Krums-s tod ; % V Krums- smad; ^\S natn-gru, se-sa. r 9yJ-P a > p f - byyuQ 8 * fut - %^/ 1. to run, frq.; to make haste, to hurry, to rush, sgor to the door (out of the room) Dzl. . . . kyi fog-tu upon . . . Dzl. ; *hd-la gyug* be off! get you gone! C. 1. to Start (of a rail-way train) W.; rta-rgyug- pa to ride full speed, to gallop; also sbst. race Glr. 2. to go, to pass, to circulate, to be current; to be valid, to have force. ffimsj* r yy uc / s Lex. ; Sch. : limit, term, aim, 3 ' end;V.: task, lesson. rgyugs-pa pride, ambition Sch.; grief, sorrow Schr. (?). rgyun-ba the nerves, sinews Sch. ; cf. brgyuns-pa. gj-' rgyud 1. SsL 7f^, H^ string, cord, ^ ' but only in certain relations : the string of a bow; rgya-rgyud Chinese string Mil.; string, chord, of a musical instrument, rgyud-mdns harp; chain, v. lu-gu; mostly fig. : ri-rgyud,gans-rgyudcha,in of mountains, ridge of snowy hills; also thread of tra- dition, i.e. continuous, uninterrupted tra- dition, so in: Ka -rgyud, dgons-rgyud, cos- rgyud, bka-rgyiid (v. bka, compounds); snyan-rgyud=bka-rgyud, frq. ir\.J\///- rgyud Zam. legendary tradition. If used 112 for expressing a succession of generations or families, the word is gen. written brgyud, rarely ryyud, e.g. rjc-btsun slob-ryyud d S^'- ^Ttd^ a continual flowing, ^ the flow, current or stream (seldom river; perh. smiy-ryyui ryyun Lex. a river seen by a mirage or fata morgana (?); ydn-yai ryyun the river Ganges); cu- ryyun -yyis O kyi>r-ba to be carried away by the current; ryyun-du zuys-pa v. O brds-bu bzi\ frq. fig. fiiys-rjei ryyun stream of grace Glr., and sim. in some compounds; often in reference to time, hence ryyun-du continually, per- petually, always, dus-rgyun-du id.; *dh>l- yyun ta-bhu jhe siy* C. make it as usual! 113 rgyus siidr-gyi rgyun all the time before, opp. to da-ltar now; also for ordinarily, predo- minantly, e.g. ordinarily it is white, only by way of exception it is of another colour; Ka-rgyun ka-rgyiid tradition ; rgyun-gos an every day coat, opp. to yzdb-gos ; rgyun- O gdg, and more frq. rgyun- cad an inter- ruption of flowing, of progress, hence rqyun- cad-med-par, or rgyun-mi-cdd-par uninter- ruptedly; rgyun-zds daily food; rgyun-rin-ba lasting, of long continuance; rgyun-ldm an endless, interminable way, to be pur- sued again and again, e.g. O fcor-bai of trans- migration, byan-cub-kyi of virtue, holiness Mil *$!' r M us * v - r 9y u - 2. (6s. rgyus- ^ ma) notice, intelligence, knowledge, nd- la de-i gyus yod I am acquainted with it, I know the thing, I am up to it, frq.; W.: *gyus ydd-Kan* one that knows about it; *gyus yod-pai lam* a well-known road ; ea- rned yul-du rgyus-med Jtyam as a stranger 1 am rambling through a foreign country Glr.; lo-rgyus 1. annals, chronicle, 2. in a general sense history, story, tale, narrative, lo-rgyus bsdd-pa to relate a story Glr., *nd- la lo-gyus sdd-ce mdn-po yod* W. I have much to relate, to tell; lo-rgyus zib-tu O dri- ba to ask closely, to inquire minutely into a story Mil; gon-gi lo-rgyus bsdd-do he reported what was related above Pth. ; also used of any short notice or intelligence, without reference to things past: der O byon- pai lo-rgyus ysuns he mentioned that he was going there Mil *^r*n' ryyus-pa the fine threads or fibres ^ of which animal muscle, plants etc. are composed ; rgyiis-pa-can fibrous; rgyus- skud catgut. -ba, P f - brgyos, fut. brgyo, imp. to unite in sexual embrace. This word is an undisguised, and therefore somewhat obscene expression, which in books and in col. language is avoided, though referring to an act not criminal in itself, as 6s. seems to have understood it, when he translates rgyo-ba by: to abuse, constuprate, ravish; hence it is allowable, *ffan yet vulgar, to say: *'d-pa dan 'd-ma gyo- it'a jhe'* C. rgyon-ba, pf. brgyans, fut. brgyan, seems to be a secondary form of rkyon-ba, to extend, stretch, spread (vb. a.); the word is to be found in Lexx., but seems to be little used; brgydns-pai md-fsa Pth. a disease consisting in some parts of the body being morbidly distended (?). rgyob-pa Cs., a secondary form of rgydb-pa, prob. but a provincialism, at- Iga, also sga, *f^n; ginger (fresh or ^ dried); Iga-rlon fresh ginger. ajr'r* tyah-ne Pth.: skya-lgan-ne, is stated to mean: perfectly white. wr-rr Igan-pa, Igan-pug urinary bladder Med. ^' Igdn-bu, = c/dn-bu, husk, pod, shell. g|* lyo Cs. = pa-ba-dgo-dgo puff-ball. f2J3^'(j* Igydm-fswa = rgydm-fsa Zam. } a 3 kind of rock-salt. y,- s#a 1. gen. Icd-sga, bca-sga, ginger, = " Iga; sga-skyd Lt. id. (?); sgd-pi-po Lt. prob. for s^a dan pi-pi-lin dan po-ba-ri ginger and two kinds of black pepper; sga- spyod Sch. = sga-skyd. 2. saddle, rta- sga (Ld. *stdsga*~) horse-saddle; sga bstdd- pa, resp. cibs-sga bstdd-pa Glr., to lay the saddle on, to saddle; sga-Kebs saddle-cloth, Sch.: the leather cover or coating of a saddle; sga-glo saddle-girth W., 6'.; sga- Idg Cs. : frame of the saddle ; saddle-bow, saddle-tree; sga-sd straps for fastening the travelling - baggage to the saddle, cf. sa- stdg 2. " sga-yoh bat, flitter-mouse Sch. ,-. sgan 1. a projecting hill or spur, on the side of a larger mountain; sgan- yson elevations and depressions on a hill- side, in Kun. sgan-Kul; sgdii-Ka-la yod (the village) is situated on a mountain- spur; *sgan gydb-na* W. when you have passed round the extremity of the hill. 2. cu- 8 114 sgan f sgo sgdn a blister, caused by vesicatories, by long inarches etc., C., W.; cf. bsgan. sgan-ba, pf. bsgaiis, fut. bsgan, to grow or become full 6's.; bud-med nd-so sgan a marrigeable girl. sgab-pa, secondary form of O gebs- pa } byd-mas bu-la syab-pa the cov- ering of a young bird by its mother Glr.; gos-sgdb Lex., skirt or lap of a coat, sgab- fun a short skirt. S 9 am chest, box, trunk; sgam-cun a little chest or box; sgam-bu id. ; sgam- sgo-mdns a chest of drawers, cabinet C.; sin-sgam a wooden chest, Icdgs-sgam an iron chest; ko-sgam a leather trunk; ro- sy am, resp. spur-sgam coffin Cs. syn. sgrom. sgdm-pa, or sgdm-po Cs. deep, pro- found, /S encampment, dmag-sgdr a military camp, sgar O debs-pa to pitch a camp; sgar-min C. watch- word, parole, S 9 a l ' oa d f a beast of burden, rta- sgal a horse-load, sin-rtai sgal a cart- load, waggon-load 6s. ; sgal ^gel-ba to put on a load, O pdn-ba to throw it off, Jbogs- pa to take it off, sgal bsrdn-ba to adjust or balance it; sgdl-rta pack-horse, sgdl- beast of burden. O dabs the lumbar region Med. 2 the croup, crupper, back of a horse Glr.-, *gdl-pa fon dug* W. the back comes out, i.e. has become sore or galled; sgal-fsigs- Med., sgal-rus col. backbone, spine; sgal- rmd a sore on a animal's back caused by the load. S 9 u ~ st ^9 s Lex. w.e.; Sch. elbow, angle. sgu-rdo a sling Sch. * P f - bsgugs, fut. bsgug, imp. syug(s), to wait, zld-ba ycig sgug- pa to wait for a month Glr. ; to await, to expect, O cl-ba death Mil.', Idm-na sgiig-pa to wait on the road Mil.', sgiig-cin sdod- pa, W. : *gug-te ddd-ce* to sit waiting ; *'i- ru (jiig-te dod* W. wait here! syuy-tu O jug- pa to keep one waiting Glr. ; to lie in wait (for a person), to waylay; jdg-pas sgug-pai sa a place w r here robbers are lying in am- bush Mil.', *Kon gug-te ddd-ce* W. to bear a grudge, to have a spite against a person. sguii Ld. clap, crack, crash, report (of N3 a gun). sgud - po father - in - law , sgud - mo mother-in-law Sch. prov. sgum-mda Schr. butt -end of a gun, gun-Stock C., W.; spelling dubious. S^" sgur v. dgur. vb. a. (cf. O gul-ba\ pf. and fut. bsgul, to move, agitate, put in motion, rgyud kyan ma sgul - to he could not even move the bow-string Dzl.; to pull (e.g. the bell-string). ^jn- sgeu 1. diminutive of sga, ginger, sgeu- S fser Med., Ssk. ^rr^i (Hind, adrak), fresh ginger. 2. B. small door. s 9^9~P a ^ s - : t boast, brag; yet not so much with respect to words as to looks and demeanour, so that it may be applied to the airs of coquettish girls (sgeg-cin mdzes-pa coquettish Mil., Sty.) as well as to the bearing of insolent young- sters and bullies, sgeg-ma n. of a goddess; sgeg-mo Lex. <*TT^T- a dancing girl. IjQ'ftr sgeh-la, or dgen-la (?) on, upon Ts. s$x: sger Sch.: 'different, dissimilar, foreign'. This word I repeatedly met w r ith in books of physical science, without finding the signification given above applicable. %& sgo 1. door, the aperture itself, as well ^ as the wood-work of the door: sgo O byed- pa, W. *pe-ce*, to open the door; * jug- pa* 1. C. to put in a door, to hang a door on hinges 2. W. to close, to shut the door; If 115 ycod-pa 1. to shut, 2. to lock (a door); *gydg-pa, gydb-pa* C., to shut (the door); ytdn-pa Sch.: 'to lock up', prop, to bolt, to bar, v. sgo-ytdn; bkum-pa, bskum-pa Cs.: resp. to shut (a door); sgo bdiin-ba to knock, to rap at the door ; *go srug-ga rag* W. I hear a rattling or rapping at the door. The ground floor of a house into which the door leads, is generally occu- pied by the cattle, hence : sgoi pyugs the cattle near the door, opp, to: pugs kyi nor the money in the inner chamber farthest from the door, cattle and money being thus the two poles or terminating points of household property. rgydl-sgo the prin- cipal door or entrance of a house or cham- ber (in Ld. also: *gydz-go*). sgrig-sgo folding-door Cs. cab -sgo resp. for sgo Cs., cf. fsdn-sgo. rtd-sgo a door which may be passed through on horseback, viz. the door or gate of a court-yard or gar- den, open at the top, or a high castle-gate; in the latter case syn. to rgydl-sgo. ndn- sgo the innermost door, bdr-sgo the middle door, pyi-sgo the outer door Pth. fse- sgo v. 2, Ids-sgo v. 3. sel-sgo glass-door; wing of a window, casement; ysdn-sgo se- cret door; Cs. resp, for sgo (?). 2. the boards that form the pane or square of a door, hence board, plank, v. sgo-rndm-, fse- sgo a Chinese punishment, consisting of a thick board with an opening for the neck of the culprit, and resting on his shoul- ders; sgo yyog-pa to put on the board of punishment. bse-sgo dan Icdgs-sgo bdun sbrags a door constructed of sevenfold lay- ers of leather and iron, used as a butt for shooting at. 3. the aperture of a door, and hence aperture in general: sgo kun- nas from all the apertures (of the body); zdl-gyi sgo resp. mouth Dzl. ; mndl-sgo the opening of the womb (v. miiaT) frq. ; skye- bai sgo id. less frq. Thgy.; dkyil- Kor sgo- bzi-pa a square figure with four openings, about thus : [ ] ; the opening of a semi- circle; entrance, passage, outlet, connecting passage, communication; also fig.: way of mediation, of bringing an agreement about, nan-soii-gi sgo the entrance, the road, to misery viz.: to hell; dbdn-poi sgo the or- gans of sense, also sgo liia alone; sgo-ysum the three media or spheres of moral acti- vity, lus, nag, yid, action, word and thought frq.; bzd-ba dan btuit-bai sgo O prog-pa to cut off the supply (of provisions) Pth.; bdag cos sgw jug -pa zu I beg to allow us to enter religion, to receive us as students or disciples Mil.', offrd- sgo Schr. 1. also bud-go, kydg-go W., ex- pense, expenditure 2. do-go-tar se'-pa C. to relate accurately how a thing came to pass ; Ids-sgo 'door of intercourse, of trade', a commercial place or town, emporium Glr. Hence sgo-nas with the genit. by means of, by, in the way of, according to, but never as connected with a person or joined to an infinitive : fobs du-mai sgd-nas in diffe- rent ways, variously (often coinciding with: by various means) ; lus nag yid-kyi sgd- nas in or by actions, words, and thoughts (e.g. to strive for virtue, cf. above sgo- ysuni) Dzl. ; rndm-pa sna-fsogs-kyi sgo-nas in every possible way Dzl.; dpei sgo-nas (to explain) by way of comparison Thgy. ; mfsan-nyid-kyi sgo-nas (to describe a thing) according to its characteristics Thgy.; rigs- kyi sgo - nas (to divide) according to the species Lt. ; O drd-bai sgo-nas btags-min ste it being a name given to it from its re- semblance to ... Wdn.; ...la prag-dog-gi sgo-nas from envy of ... Mil.; mi-sndn-bai sgo - nas by way of invisibility, by being invisible Wdn. Comp. and deriv. sgo-Kdn the entrance into a house, vestibule, porch, portal. sgo- Kun opening of the door Mil. sgo -Kyi a door -guarding dog, watch -dog. sgo- K&r hinge of a door or gate. sgo-gldgs Zam. = sgo-ytdn (?). sgo-glegs the board or plank of a door Cs. sgo-^rdm the space near the door. sgo- drig (Ld. *sgon- (%*) door-frame, window - frame. sgo- rgydb the space behind the door, within the door Glr. *go-cdg* (Icags) C. lock of a door. *go(g)-tdn* a bar or bolt (a small beam) to secure the door with. 116 sgom sgo-fem threshold, also the head-piece of a door. sgo-bddg sgo-dpon. syo-rndm a single board, e.g. of the floor. sgo- pa, resp. cdbs-sgo-pa door-keeper, porter; sgo-dpon the first, principal door-keeper. *go-pw* W. door-hinge. sgo- pdr board or plank of a door 6s. sgo - bar Ld. chinks between the separate laths of a door (for of such the doors in Tibet frequently consist, owing to the scarcity of wood). sgo -ma 1. pane or square of a door, fold of a folding-door; 2. a masked dancer in religious dramatic entertainments, repre- senting one of the four guardians of the world (v. rgyal-cen). sgo-mo 1. a large door, a gate, castle-gate, town-gate; 2. be- ginning, rtsis-kyi sgo-mo Pth. = rtsis- go C's. ^Chronol. Table) beginning of a new epoch. sgo-mtsdms the small openingleft between door-post and door, when the latter does not perfectly fit. sgo-yig Cs. \. inscrip- tion, 2. lampoon, libel, 3. a magisterial ad- vertisement fastened to a door. sgo-ld n. of a high and difficult mountain -pass between Lhasa and Pah, v. Hue. I. p. 244. sgo-smn door-keeper, porter Dzl. S" sgo, in skye-sgo v. sub sgo-po. igj-r* sgo-nd or sgon-nd and sgon, egg, eggs. spawn, also egg as a measure Lt; sgon-dkns the pellicle, membrane of an egg Sch.', sgon-cu the white of an egg Sch.; sgoii-sun, or kog, the shell of an egg; sgon- ser yolk of an egg Sch. sgo - na pyed a scholastic term, v. Was. (274). " sgo-pur foreskin, prepuce C. vulg. s 9-P-> a l so sgo-bo, (Ld. *go-po*) W. 1 . the body, with respect to its phy- sical nature and appearance, *go-po cen- mo , rin- mo, go -rin, go-zdn* tall, *go-po cun-se* of small stature, short; *rom-po* stout, lusty; *fd-mo* slender, thin; *de- mo* healthy, well ; *go-ydl* a man that has lost his own body by gaming and become the slave of another. 2. = skye-sgo face, countenance, skye-sgo legs a beautiful face, zdn-sgo an ugly face Mil. sgo-lo 1 . body, '2. face, as a flattering word; also directly for a nice or pretty face, *go-lo min dug bag fsogs yod* she has not a pretty face, but looks like a fright W. 2*rn* sgo-ba, pf. bsgo (bsgos in Lexx., prob. obsolete) to say, when used of sup- eriors, hence mostly to bid, to order (cf. the article bka init.), frq. in early litera- ture, in later times more and more dis- appearing, being unknown to the common people. sc/o-tsdm a little Sch. S 9-1 1- v - sgo-po. 2. Ld. also = sgo-nd. - S v WM-gu ba 9> P urse ; syyig-gu cdd-poi dbdn-du son-nas our purse being at low ebb; dnul- sgyig money-bag, purse. ^q- sgyin-ba, pf. bsgyins, fut bsgyin, 1. ace. to Lftivr. = $s. sjijf syn. to gldl-ba, to yawn, gape, and perh. to stretch one's self after having slept; it is almost exclusively used in describing the attitude of a dying lion, and so also the dying attitude of Buddha. 2. perh. also = O gyin-ba. s yy*d(-pa) 1. the hollow of the knee, bend of the knee; knee- joint; sgy id-pa f cod-pa to lame the knee- joint, to hamstring (a horse) Glr. 2. the calf (of the leg) Mil.; sgyid skyur-ba acute pain in the knee and leg e.g. of a woman with child Med.; Cs.: 'to despair'? sgyid-Kun the hollow of the knee Med. sgyid-Kyol one lame in his legs Cs. sgyid-lug-pa Lex. w. e., Cs.: slothful, idle, lazy; sgyid-lhod Sch. id. r-q- sgyid-bu, also sgyed-bu, a hearth, ' ^ f ire-place, consisting of (three) stones on which the kettle is placed; Icags-sgyid iron trevet, tripod, cf. sgyed-po. fsgyu artifice, imposture Dzl and elsewh., yyo-sgyu id.; yyo-sgyu-med-na if he is without guile Dzl.; sgyu-can artful, crafty, cunning, Cs. sgyu- prul-ma, ^TOT, the name of Buddha's mother. sgyu-ma, ^TT^fT, illusion, false show, deception of sight, opp. to dnos reality; sgyu-ma sprul-ba to exhibit a false show Cs.; nas sndn-ba tams- cdd sgyu-mar ses I know that every thing visible, the whole external world, is only an illusion Mil.; sgyu-mai nor apparent riches, hence riches in general Mil. (cf. sgyu-liis)\ sgyu-ma-mKan a juggler Mil.; sgyu -ma- mlcan - gyi m can - bu y sgyu - mai mcdn-bu a juggler's apprentice Lexx. sgyu-rtsdl art, skill, dexterity, frq., the In- dians, and so also the Tibetans counting sgyiir-ba 64 arts (or 60 in a round number) Tar. 21, 2. sgyu-zog deception, hypocrisy Pth. sgyu-lus I. the immaterial, subtile and pure body of the soul in the Bardo, hell etc., hence yid-kyi lus Thgr. 2. the animal and human body in general, in as much as it is only an apparent body, a phan- tom, when considered from a higher phi- losophical point of view Mil. r^ sgyug-mo mother-in-law Stg.; mna- sgyug both daughter-in-law and mother-in-law. rn' sgyur-ba, pf. and fut. bsgyur, (vb. a. to O gyur-ba} 1. to transform, lus Q dod- dgur to transform one's body (i. e. one's self) at pleasure, (Dzl. ?\S lus is to be supplied, or gyur-te to be read); to trans- form the royal prerogative into a religious one, v. Krims. 2. to change (colour, one's mind), to alter (something written), hence to correct, to revise. 3. to give up, leave off (customs, scruples, doubts, timidity) Glr., pyi-rol-pai cos-lugs the non-Buddhist religion. 4. to turn off or aside (the course of a river) ; to dissuade, divert, las, from Dzl. 5. to turn, *jiit pa gyur-ee* W. to turn round on one's heel; *)in-pa gyur-te ltd-ce* W. to look back; K6r-lo sgyiir-ba to turn a wheel = skor-ba ; skad sgyur-ba to vary, to modulate the voice, also to hum a tune, to sing or whistle, as birds do. 6. to govern, rtai Ua srdb- kyis, a horse's mouth by the bridle; also fig. *gydl-po Ka lon-gyl gyur, tiyii fca cun- me gyur* C. the king is governed by his minister, the husband by his wife; O dod- cdgs nan-pas Ka-sgyur he is governed by evil passions Mil.; Ud-lo sgyur-ba to go- vern, prop, and fig., v. Kd-lo; sih-rta sgyur- ba to drive a carriage; in a similar sense dban sgyur-ba c. la, to have command or control of, to command , dominate, frq. ; prob. also to possess Mil. 7. to trans- late, sgra sgyur-ba id. 8. to multiply Wdk. (cf. ^gyur-ba 4, and log -pa); bsgyur-bya the multiplicand Wdk. 9. Lad., Pur. to kill, to slaughter. 10. to publish, pro- claim, announce *ka-sdl gyur-ce* W. to pub- tf 119 sgra-fcdn lish an order; *lon gyur* W. announce me! send in my name! rrf cr|^' W~ s 5^ r crooked Sch., better <%,-. +* N5 tj^ sgye-bo is said to denote in 6'. one of the lower classes of officials or noblemen. *9ye-mo 1. sbst. a bag (not of leather) ; ras-sgye a bag of cotton stuff Pth. > diminutive. 2. adj. quiet, gentle (of horses) Sp. sgyed-po a stone for a fire-place, hearth-stone, three of which are so placed together, that a fire may be kindled between them and a kettle put on ; sgyid- bu a fire-place constructed in this manner. sgyel-ba, pf. and fut. bsgyel, vb. a. to to collect, gather, pluck, pick up e.g. wood, flowers, vermin etc. r/^ty sgrun(s), Ld. *smns*, C. *dum*, fable, legend, tale (to the unculti- vated mind of the Tibetan, destitute of any physical and historical knowledge of the countries and people beyond the boun- daries of his native soil, the difference sgriih-ba between truth and fable is but vague and unsettled); sgrun O cdd-pa to relate fables, stories etc.; snon-rdbs sgrun Zam., siion- gyi sgmn-rgyud Glr., sgrun- ftdm tales of ancient times, of the days of yore; sgrun- mKan Cs., sgrun -pa Sch. the inventor or writer of fables and tales, also a narrator of tales. ayr*n* sgn'r/t-ba., pf. bsgruns, fut. bsgrun, 1. to mix. 2. to invent, to feign 6s. grr-rr sgrun-pa, pf. and fut. bsgrun 1. to compare c. la and dan Dzl. 2. to emulate, vie, contend with 6s. mn-ri* syi'ub-pal.vb.pf. bsgrubs, fui.bsgrub, ^J imp. sgrub(s) (cf. Q grub-pa Ssk. ^T\j) 1. to complete, finish, perform, carry out, an order, a wish, hence usually with bzin-du Dzl ; to make, achieve, manufacture, obtain, attain, dnul-rdo-la dnul bsgrub-tu btub-pa Itar sems-can-la Sans-rgyds bsgrul- tu btub-pa yin-no in like manner as silver is obtained from silver-ore, Buddha may proceed from beings Thgy.; don sgrub-pa to attain to one's aim, to obtain a blessing, a boon; fse O dii don sgrub-pa to care for the wants of this life; to procure, rgydgs- pyc flour, as provision for a journey Mil. ; nor sgrub-pa to gain riches ; to furnish with, to supply, one's self or others Mil. 2. lha- sgrub-pa implies, in accordance to Brahmanic- Buddhistic theology, not so much the making a deity propitious to man (6s.), as rendering a god subject to human power, forcing him to perform the will of man. This coercion of a god seems to be effected in a twofold manner. The practise of the common people is to perform a vast amount of prayers and conjurations, spe- cially intended for the god that is to be made subject. Another method is adopted by saints, who are advanced in every kind of religious knowledge. They continue their sgom-pa, or profound meditation, for months and years, until the deity, finally overcome, stands before them visible and tangible, nay, until they have been per- sonally united with and, as it were, in- corporated into the invoked and subjected god. Whilst the conatus, the labouring in this arduous undertaking, is often called sgrub-pa, the arriving at the proposed end is designated by O grub-pa, e.g. rgydl-pos rta-mgrin sgrub-pa mdzdd-pas O grub-nas rta-sfcdd btdn-pas etc., the king began to coerce Tadin (Ilayagrlwa), and when the latter was made obsequious, so as to ap- pear, a neighing was heard etc. Glr.; sgom- sgrub byed-pa for sgom-pa dan sgrub-pa byed-pa Mil. bsgrub-kdh, sgrub-ynds, sgmb -pug the house , the place , the cavern, where a saint applies himself to sgrub-pa ; sgrub-pa-po one effectuating the coercion described above, Sambh. frq. sgrub-rtdgs tokens, proofs of perfection, of an accomplished saint. sgrub-fdbs the method of effecting the coercion, of obli- ging a god to make his appearance; sgrub- byed 1. he that accomplishes the coercion (cf. Schl. p. 247). 2. a kind of bile Med. sgrub-fsen the Bon-doctrine Mil. II. sbst. 1. one that contemplates and meditates, like syom-cen Mil. 2. n. of a sect of Lamas, with whom marriage is permitted. jji.-. sgre-ba I. 6s. adj. naked, gen. sgren- ^J mo. II. vb. pf. bsc/res, fut. bsgre (cf. O gre-ba) \. to roll Glr., Pth. 2. to multiply Wdk. - 3. to repeat 6s. 4. to put or place in order, to put together, to compare, e.g. records Tar. 174, 14 Schf. sgre-zlog a sea-washed beach Sch. sgreg-pa 1. vb. pf. sgregs, to belch. - 2. sbst. belch, eructation, sgreg- pa O don-pa, O byin-pq Med. *rul-ddg* C. a belch of a fetid smell. sgren-ba, pf. bsgrens, fut. bsgreii, imp. sgren(s), cf. ^ren-ba, 1 . to raise, e- rect, lift up, hold up, plant up, e.g. a fin- ger, a beam etc. 2. to stretch out a limb and hold it stiff C. sgrcn-mo naked, sgren-moi' Jbi/uit-ba to appear in a naked state, to show one's self naked Dzl.', Bhar. 59. Schf. 'or- bus', orphaned (cog. to bkrenf). 8* 122 r sgro sgrol-ba rsgro 1. a large feather, esp. quill-fea- ther, used for an ornament of arrows, as a charm etc. ; sgro-mdoiis peacock's fea- ther, as a badge of dignity. 2. to elevate, exalt, increase; Cs.: to exaggerate. Was. however has p. (305) : 'Vorurtheil (An- erkennung des Nichtwahren) , Gegensatz: skur- Q debs Lasterung (Leugnung des Wah- ren)', and p. (297): i sgro-skur Verneinen und Lasterung'. Cs. renders sgro-skiir by 'exaggerated praise and blame'; sgra-skiir O debs-ba occurs also in Mil. The phrase sgro- dogs fcod-pa might therefore be ren- dered: to put an end to overrating and to prejudice ; this meaning, however, does not suit in every instance, and ace. to expres- sions heard from people in C., sgro- dogs f cod-pa would signify : to turn to account, to work one's way up, to contest for a prize. Finally ought to be mentioned that ace. to Schr. sgro- dogs spyod-pa (sic) de- notes 'logic'. A connection between these heterogeneous significations is not discer- nible, but a clew may perhaps be found hereafter. 3. sack, bag (?), fdl-sgro Glr. was explained by: a sack full of ashes. sgro-ga C. the little bubbles in spark- ling beverages, * edit -la do-ga dug* the beer sparkles. Irf ^]* S 9 ro ~9 u > v> S 9''9-9 U su b S 9 r 9- rq. sgro-ba I. sbst. 1. Wdn., ace. to Sch. the bark of a species of willow, but prob. the same as gro-ga. 2. C. the penis. II. vb., pf. bsgros, fut. bsgro, imp. sgro- L<',*\r. w.e., Cs.: to debate, discuss, so that it would be only another form of bgro-ba; but in C. *(lo-se' )he'-pa* is said to mean : to talk at random, to chatter away thought- lessly. S 9 r g(*) cor d> rope, for tying, fet- tering; fetters Mil. and C; Icags- N///VW/ iron fetters, chain; Uags- sgrog lag- pa sbrel-nas the hands tied or chained to- gether ; Icags - sgrog - pa a convict put in irons ; sin - sgrog fetters made of twisted twigs 6s.; lham-sgrog shoe-strap, lace, lat- chet. sgrog - gu, sgro - gu, W. *rog-bu*, string, strap, for binding, fastening, strap- ping; Sch. also button; sgrog-ril Sch. but- ton, syrog-ril zgrog-pa to button up. sgrog -pa, pf. bsgrags, fut. %///, imp. $grags(8), to call, call out, call to Dzl. and elsewh.; to publish, proclaim, promulgate, ytom-snydn good news Mil.; si-bai ytam bsgrdgs-na if his death becomes known, Tar. ; cos sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi sgrog -gUh, mdzdd-pa Glr. to preach; dril- sgrog-pa to publish by ringing a bell, to publish, proclaim; sgrog-pa-po a proclaimed, a preacher Cs. 2. to shout, to scream, nu-skad drag-par sgrog (the infant) weeps and screams Lt. 3. C. (in W. only resp.) to read, ysun sgrog -pa to read w r ords of Buddha Ma.\ even: sems-kyis sq rag-pa to read silently. 4. to bind, like Q gr6gs-pa; v. also sgrog extr. SJ^"J" sg rod-pa, another form of O grod-pa to go; not much used. ^k*3T S 9 ron - ma a lamp, lantern, torch, sgron-me a burning lamp, (prop, a lamp-fire); often fig. sgron-pa vb. to light, to kindle, dpe-ca-la me saron-nas light- ing (burning) the book Pth. sgron-bskdl the enlightened age Cs., opp. to mun-bskdl the dark age. sgron-drcgs lamp-black. sgron-(me-)stn Sch. the yeAv- leaved fir, Pinus picea, which tree, however, is scarcely known in Tibet; in Sik. it denotes Pinus longifolia, and prob. also in every other province, the most resinous species of co- niferous trees prevailing there. H'J* sffron-pa, pf. and fut. bsgron 1. to cover, to lay over, adorn, decorate Glr. 2. to light, to kindle, v. sgron-ina. Ip" sgrob haughtiness, arrogance, pride, Lew. sgrom box, chest trunk, coffer = sgam-, sardm-bu a small box or chest : smyug- *, the letter nya (?>) being provided with an s above it, sny. ., Zam. bryyal-ba 1. to sink down sense- less, to faint; *bniyiil-ti' ili'nl-c,-* 124 brgyuns-pa W. to lie in winter-sleep; ^o-bryydl-te very much exhausted, v. ^o. 2. to howl, of the fox. Sch. nffirsj'H* brgyit its-pa Lea'.', Cs.: 'the mar- ^ row in the back-bone'. mily (gens), lineage; relations, ances- tors, descendants, offspring, mi-bryyud \. = brgyud, dei mi-brgyud yin-pa being of his family Glr. 2. people, nation, bod-kyi mi- brgyud the Tibetan nation. 3. the human race, mankind 6s.; rigs-brgyitd, resp./c?w/5- brgyitd family; issue, progeny, rigs-brgyud ^pel-bar O gyur there will be a numerous offspring; bla-rgyud succession or descent of Lam#s Cs. *mig nd-ce gyud-la yod* W. diseases of the eye frequently occur in that family; *de-ne gyud mi cad yin* W. then the race will not die out; *spel- gyud-la bor-ce* W. to set apart cattle for breeding; brgyud-nas brgyud-du from ge- neration to generation Cs. ; bu fsa brgyud- du bdeo he is blessed even to his children and children's children Dzl. Comp. brgyud-brgyugs a continuous suc- cession Sch. brgyud-can like his pro- genitors Cs. brgyud-pa 1. belonging to a race or family. 2. v. rgyud and rgyud- pa. brgyud - med degenerate Cs. , cf . brgyud-can. brgyud-ma 1. Cs. = brgyud- can. 2. W. fruitful, fertile. 3. brgyud-ma- brgyab Lex. w r .e. bryyud- Q dzin a first- born male, heir and successor. q-rr' brgrad is acknowledged by Lexx., -J ' but evidently an incorrect form for byrad. qjy - bsg . . . words beginning thus will for the greater part be found under sg . . . bsgdg-pa v. ^gegs-pa and sgog-pa. bsgait (Lexx. = diios-yzi, T[5f?) point of time, moment, instant, conjuncture, lo-ysar-bsgdn-gi lUdgs-ma a chilling gale on newyear's day Mil. ; esp. the proper time or season for doing a thing, byd-bai bsgan; O bri-bai, zd-bai bsyan the time for writing, eating. (A different word from sgaii). norn* bsgo-ba 1. v. sgo-ba. 2. pf. vb. a. to o^o-ba, to soil, stain, defile, lit. and fig., *kyon-gliyi ma go (??) 6s. id.; ha rdit- ' a species of duck, v. tiur-ba; peril. Anas casarca. nd-ba, rarely for nan-pa; dri tid-ba stench Stc/.; cf. nydm-na-ba, yd-na-ba. rv^* nd-ra (cf. nod) air, ha gdhs-kyi tid- /v/.s mi jigs I am not afraid of the air of glaciers Mil.; *hd-ra ddn-mo rag, }dm-po rag* W. I perceive the air to be cold, to be mild; esp. cold air, tid-ra-can fresh, cold. nd-ro a loud voice, a cry, kye-hM-kyi iid-ro Jbod-pa to raise woeful cries Pth.; skdd-kyi nd-ro cen-pos bsgrdgs-so they proclaimed, shouting at the top of their voices Pth. ; sen-gei nd-ro the loud voice, the roaring, of a lion Mil.; ydug-pai nd- ro prob. voices foreboding mischief Mil.; the roar, roaring, rushing, of waves etc.; nd-ro sgrog-pa to roar, to rage; in a rela- tive sense: skdd-kyi nd-ro drag-zdn A loud and a low sound, the different force or effort required in producing it Gram. ; itd- ro-ntn loud, noisy, roaring ; a crier, bawler, noisy fellow. ^rn- nag, sometimes ditags, resp. speech, talk, word, tidy-gi nyes-pa sins committed with the tongue, in words, (rdzun, prd-*ma, fsig-rtsiib, prob. also kydl-ka}; />/>. 126 pa nan-rgyiid id., nah-rgyud bzdii-po Wdh^ dge-ba Glr., a naturally good, virtuous cha- racter; very frq. : nan-rgyiid riii-ba for- bearing, longsuffering, not easily put into a passion Glr. ; not easily excited to action, phlegmatic, cool, also *nan rin-ica* 6'.; even nan alone may have this meaning: nan ma fun don't lose your patience Mil. nt.\ ndn-gis adv. not only signifies spon- taneously, of one's own accord, but also slowly, gradually, gently Mil. (so already Schr.) 2. dominion, sphere, province, pa- rallel to kloh and dbyiiis Mil. ; *na ma-si- kai nan-la dug* I belong to the kingdom of Christ, said one of our Christians, in order to show the meaning of *nan*. Hence it might be used for expressing the iv of the N. T. (I John 5, 6 and many other passages) denoting a pertaining to, belong- ing to , being connected with, nan - la cjog-pa (bzdg-pd) Mil. and C. is an ex- pression not explained as yet. rr*ri* ndn -pa 1. goose, more accurately nan-pa a gander, ridn-ma a goose Cs. The domestic goose and the breeding of it is not yet known in Tibet, at least aot in W. 2. a light-bay horse, an isabel- coloured horse Ld.-Glr. pr w nod 1. cog. to nd-ra, air, *iidd-la ' skdm-ce* W. to dry in the air; in a general sense the air in its chemical qua- lities, in its influence on the senses : scent, fragrance, spos-kyi nod lddh-ba the rising of an aromatic breeze; nod yal the fra- Igrancy, the aroma evaporates; vapour, Kd- nadj cu-nad snowy vapour, aqueous va- pour; aromati csubstance, sno-nad aromatic vegetables, such as onions Med.; cold air, ihe cold, coldness, v. nad-can. 2. W. (cf. ndr-ba, ndr-ma) severity, roughness, *ne nod jigs dug* he fears I might address him harshly; ndd-can 1. fragrant, fresh, cool, W. cold. 2. W. rough, impetuous, j-*. nan 1. evil, mischief, misfortune, nan ^ cen-po byas it has done great mischief Glr. ; esp. harm done by sorcery and witch- craft Mil.; nan-dgu every possible evil Lt. - 2. curse, imprecation, nan O debs-pa, W. *tdb-ce*, to curse, to execrate; mtu nan O debs-pa to curse by means of witchcraft. Cf. mnan. ndn-pa, col. also */tdn-po*, bad, of food etc. ; mean, miserable Dzl. poor, humble, low, (prop, rigs-nail), nan-Ion poor and blind (people) Glr. ; lo nan-pa a year yielding no crops, an unfruitful or bad year; of men, actions etc.: wicked, nan-pa ttyod ynyis ye two villains! Gli\; noisome. pernicious, ysol-ndn pernicious food, i.e. poison, resp., Glr.; . . . la ndn-du r)6d-pa to revile, blaspheme; mi-la mig nan ltd-ba to look with an evil or envious eye upon a person Glr.; rdn-rnams spyod nan byds- nas dus nan zer acting badly themselves they speak of bad times Ma. nan- yro, nun-son v. O gro-ba I. extr. nan-non Cs. mean, pitiful, very bad. nan-non tsdm- gyis cog ses-pa prob.: to be satisfied with any thing, and be it ever so poor. nan- ne-ba bad. *nan-pe* W. meal of parch- ed barley, roasted meal. nan -so 'bad place', hell; cf. ndn-^ro under O gro-ba I. extr. -..,-. ndn-bu 6'., we, eleg., = bdag., when * speaking humbly of one's self. nam-grog, Cs. 'torrent', Sch. 'ditch filled with water, water-ditch ; the bank of a river growTi high and steep by having been gradually washed out by the current' ; (only this latter sense of the word was authenticated to me). In Glr. Tibet is poetically called 'nam- grog - ce' , which is a very appropriate name when render- ed: having large and deep erosions. _._ __. /(dm dur-i-an given to gluttony NS ' and drinking Stg. * nani-ru n. of a disease Me'- dzin = bdag- dzin, selfishness, self-interest. Mil. 4. /tar O d6n-pa to set on or against, to instigate, nyams-kyi nar O don-pa irrita- tions of the mind, excitements Mil. ; nyam- i/t'ir JAW. id. (?) 5. v. har-itdr-po. nar-skdd the roaring, of lions etc., O don-pa, sgrog-pa Mil. ; W. *tdh-ce* also to call to, to shout at. ^ nar-hdr-po hoarse, husky, wheez- ing, e.g. in old age Thgy.; har- itr Q Kun-sgra a hoarse groaning Pth. har- gliid hoarseness and phlegm Med.; gre- ba har-ba a hoarse throat Med. ndt'-can \. ndr-ba. nar-sndbs mucus, snivel, (affords food to certain demons). 'SJ" hdr-pa stalk of plants Med. nar ~P W. strong, ferocious, of the tiger etc. ndr-ba 1. strength, force; hardness, of steel; cold, frost, cold wind Mil. (cf. nd-ra, nad); nar ytoh-ba, W. *tdn-ce, cug-ce*, Sch. also Idud-pa, to steel, to tem- per. ndr-can 1. strong, vigorous 2. tem- pered ; ndr-ldan id. ; sems ndr-ldan a strong mind Mil.; nar-med weak, soft. 2. (v. nar 1.) a sort of flap (of breeches). ndrma 1. irritable, passionate, impe- tuous Sch. 2. strong, powerful, e.g. a powerful protection, Mil. ndl-baio be fatigued, tired, wearied; fatigue, weariness, resp. sku ndl-ba, or fugs ndl-ba, also ninyel-ba; nal son I am tired; spobs-pa nal the strength de- creases Med.; ndl-cad-pa, ndl-dub-pa in- tensive forms of nal; nal ojug-pa vb. a. to tire, fatigue, weary; nal yso-ba 'to cure weariness', to rest, frq. ; nal-stegs a rest, a sort of crutch or fork, which coolies so- metimes carry with them, to support their load, whilst taking a momentary rest in standing; also any bench or seat inviting to repose. To provide such conveniences for wayfaring men is considered a meri- torious act. r-^r has 1. instr. of ha. 2. mi-im* Tar. 37, 16. is undoubtedly a typo- graphical error, instead of mi -nad. Schf. has left it without an annotation. " id num. fig.: 34. " nu num. fig. : 64. tiu-ba, pf. hus, resp. yum -pa, 1. to >o weep, 2. W. also to roar, used of swelling rivers, not of the wind; Schr.: 'to groan like a turtle-dove'; *hu ma nu* W. do not weep! hus-pai mci-ma tears that have been shed Dzl; ga-cdd hits-pa, weeping without a cause, hysterical weep- ing Med. ; hu-ru jug-pa to} cause to weep Lt. ; *hu-ma-god* W. weeping and laughing at the same time; ses hus-so thus he said weeping Glr. ; *nu dho-wa* (lit. gro-ba) C. to be sorrowful, sad. nu^-ba^-po Cs., nu-mtean col. one weeping, a weeper. nu-sur-can Sch., nu-mKan col. a child that is continually crying. hu- bod, hu-rdzi, W. *nu-zt*, sbst. a crying, howling, lamen- ting. C.^* hu-ru W. for hur-ba 1. nug-pa Ts. = nur-ba 2, to grunt; to snore; to pur (of cats). nud-mo a SOb 6s., Schr. nur-ba 1. sbst. duck, esp. the red NO wild duck, ^sfi^f^j Anas casarca; iiur-ka as red as fire, fiery red; nur-smrig* yellowish red, saffron colour, the original colour of the monks' habit, though not the common high-red of the Brug-pa monks in Sik. and in W. 2. vb. to grunt, of pigs and yaks. C^J" hus v. itu-ba. CT ne num. fig.: 94. p^- ned pers. person, first person, eleg. ' for ha, I, we; hM-kyi my, our: /// ynyis(-ka) w r e two; ned }sum(-po') we three; ned spun ysum we three brothers Gli:: /'-la son* he has gone to that side, in that direction; *sdm-pa 'a no '' no-a son* he is absent, inattentive. 3. self, the thing itself, cf. no-bo and nos; v. Jdl-ba; also sbst. the self, the I, no-fsdb the re- presentative of the I; cf. also no-cen. 4. likelihood, prospect of, c. genit. inf. or root, Kyer-bai no a probability of its being taken away; bu cig Jbyun no ce a great chance of (getting) a son. 5. (also nos) a. the waxing and waning moon, with regard to shape; one half of the lunar month with regard to time, yar - no the former, mar -no the latter half; yar - ho zla liar like the crescent moon. b. in a special sense the increasing moon, or the first half of the month; thus vulgo; so also in B.: zld-ba dgu no bcu Ion -pa-no, Glr. } no bcu-nas, zld-ba ho bcu-na Pth. in the first half of the tenth month (to denote the duration of pregnancy). Comp. and deriv. ho dkar v. above 1. - no-lkog prop, adj.: public and private, open and secret, but it is generally used as a synonym of zol or rdzun, fraud, im- posture, deceit, eye-service. It may be ex- plained by its contrary: no-med Ikog-med acting in the same manner in public as in private life, the open and the secret conduct being alike Mil. (cf. nos). no- can natural (?) Cs. no-cen ('the greater self), a man of influence interceding for another person, an intercessor; ho-cen byt'd- pa to intercede Glr. ; mi-la no-cen O col-ba to use a person as negotiator, to make inquiries through him Glr. (Sch. incorr.) no-rtog W. l. (like nes-pa of J5.) certain, e.g. * no-tog se-ce* to know for certain. 2. (like dnos, yan-dag-pd) real, actual; true, genuine, * O 'lul yin-na no -tog yin* is it counterfeit or genuine? illusion or reality? * no-tog sad- If an* the actual murderer, he who really occasioned the death. - *no- stod-Kan W. he who praises another to his face, a flatterer. no-ndg \. above 1. - no-bo-nyid, entity, no-bo-nyid-med-pa non-entity Tar. 90,2.; essence, nature, sub- stance, e.g. sems-kyi Mil. ; character Was. (278.294); marrow, main substance, quint- essence (=snyih-po} Glr. and elsewh.; rdn-gi no-bos in itself, according to its in- trinsic nature JIM.; also col. *ho-bo Ko- ran* C. the thing itself, opp. to a surrogate ; no-bo ycig rtogs-pa jnyis Was. : 'one quality, two (different) ideas' (Schl. has ldog-pa instead of rtdg-pa). ho- bdb-pa adj. dis- couraged, timorous, bashful W. no -ma ace. to Cs. ho. h6-ma-yyog C. : master and servant. no-mu/ W. boldness; *ho- mig-can*, or *cen-po* bold, daring, cou- rageous; *ho-mig cuh-se* shy, timid, faint- hearted W. no-fsa ('heat of the face') 1. the act of blushing, shame, ho-fsai ynas shameful things Sch., Schr.; ho-tsa-can, 9 130 nogs no-fsa-ses-pa shamefaced, chaste, ashamed; no-fsa-med-pa, mi-ses-pa shameless, bare- faced, impudent; *na no-fsa rag* I am ashamed, *Ko no-fsa dug, no-fsa-can dug* W. he is ashamed; no-fsa byed-pa to be ashamed. 2. a shameful thing, Kyod no-mi- fsa-la no-fsar byed you are ashamed where there is no occasion for it Mil.; no-fsa-ba to be indecent, indecorous, unbecoming, yul-du log-na no-fsa- la as it would be a shame if we returned (r/r. ; ycer-bur O gro- ba no-fsa zin as it would be indecorous to go naked Ptk. no-mfsdr-ba v. mfsdr- ba. no-ru, nor 1. into the face Sch., e.g. skud-pa to smear; rtsub-pa to say rude things to another's face Thgy.; iio-rdit-du id. 2. in the face of, before the eyes, fzdn- gyi of others. 3. by reason of, in conse- quence of, des bskul-bai nor in consequence of a summons, of a request of him Glr. and elsewh. no-ses an acquaintance, a friend (the usual word in W.). no -so joy, no-so ce-bar ^oh you will have great joy, you will be delighted, highly satis- fied; sbyin-pa no-so byed-pa to make pre- sents to another to his full satisfaction Mil., also Tar. 211, 2. iio-sruns regard to the opinion of others, an aiming at applause Mil nod 8 ! mountain-side, slope (cf. nos); river-side, bank, shore, rgyd-mfsoi Dzl. 2. ford, cu-nogs id. C. n6m-pa, pf. noms, 1. to satisfy one's desire by drinking, Krdg-gis, also Krdg-las Dzl.; ma noms I am still thirsty; nom-par, also noms-fsdd, O fun-ba to drink one's fill; also of sleeping, nyid ma nom I have not yet had my full share of sleep; fig.: cos-kyi bdud-rtsis, to fill one's self with the nectar of doctrine Dzl; bltd-bas mi noms mdzes-pa so beautiful, that one cannot gaze at it long enough, frq. ; also bltd-bas mi noms bzin-du not being able to look at it sufficiently Pth.; noms(-pa)- med(-pa) insatiable. 2. to show with design (boastingly, or indecently, e.g. one's nakedness) Glr., Pth. 3. col. for snom- pa to snuffle, to pry into, to spy. C^ w nor \. v. under no, Comp. 2. n. of a monastery of the Saskya, Wdk. chro- nological table in Cs.'s Gram. g^j- ties 1. side, mdun-nos front-side, front of the body Lt; of a pyramid, a mountain, Iho-nos southern side or slope of a mountain, side, margin, edge, of a pond etc.; rgydb nos yyds-na on the right hand behind, yyds nos mdun-na on the right hand before Glr. ; surface , plain , of the table ; sai nos surface of the earth Cs. ; hence rios-su (opp. to Ikog -tu) Mil. , * ht>- la* (opp. to sbds-te (*be-te*) W. manifestly, notoriously, publicly, openly (cf. ?zo); side, direction, like fyogs, W. 2. a thing itself (cf. no 3), examples v. under ^dl-ba. - 3. pers. pron. first person I, we; esp. in Ld. in epistolary correspondence, eleg. - 4. instrum. of no, = no-yis; nos dzin-pa Mil. (dnos dzin-pa Tkgy.) vb. 1. to be selfish, self-interested, also adj. selfish, cf. nos 3. 2. more frq. to perceive, to know, to discern, also no-yis dzin-pa; nos zin-par gyis sig, know it! be sensible of it! Thgr.- with the terrain.: to acknowledge as, to take for, to look upon as Tar. 189, 1. In a special sense: diagnosis, discriminating a disease Mcd. *n6n-no Idn-wa* C. (lit. ynon nos blan-ba) *no len-ce* v. *no* 1. d'iags - snydn v. nag (Lea: = dndn-ba, pf. dnans 1. to be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed e.g. when plunging into cold water 6'., but esp. when frightened and terrified, hence 2. to be frightened, to fear, to be afraid, sbrul-gyis of a snake; ces dndns-nas thus he spoke in dismay Dzl.; dndn-par O gyur- ro you will (or would) be terrified Dzl. dnan-skrdg, skrag-dndn great fear, fright, terror; dnan-skrdg -pa intensive form of dndn-ba, frq. r^'oBwr-rj' dnan - Q ten - pa Lex. not to return things taken away from another. dnar 1. for mnar, sweet Mil. and elsewh. 2. also zil-dndr Lex. w.e. ; 131 dnud-mo mndg-pa Sch.: order, success! on (?); fsdr-du diiar Lea;.., Sch. put in order, placed in array. dnud-mo nud-mo Sch. dhul (col. often Vm/*) 1. silver. 2. money. 3. a rupee. 4. a tola or Indian half ounce; dmd-gyi foa-nas ditul ysum-cu fob he gets 30 rupees out of the ready money; dnul-Ka a silver mine, a vein of silver; dtiul-kug, dnul-sgyig money- bag, purse; dmd-cu quicksilver, mercury; dnul-dul-ma refined silver Sch. ; diiul-rmig, lump, bar, ingot, of silver Sch.; *nul-zdn(s)* W., C'., silvered or plated copper. rg dno 1. shore, bank Lexx. 2. edge of a knife 6s. ; fig. rta-lcdg-yi dno whip- cord, lash of a whip C. 3. handle of a knife (??) Cs. dnom-pa, dnom-brjid, brightness, splendour; dnom-po, dnom-can shining, bright Cs.; Lex. dnom-ce very bright. Cf. rndm-pa. JR&T d' lOS *' rea ''ty> rea '> dnos dan sgyu- ma reality and illusion; rgydl-bu dnos the real prince (opp. to a spurious one); proper, true, genuine; positive (opp. to negative) Gram. ; personal, dnos-la yod- pa to be personally present; dnos-su, resp. zal- dnos-su bodily e.g. to appear bodily; ^d-yig dnos-su med kyan, even though the ^a is not actually written there, Gram.', dnos-su grub -pa med- pa to have no real existence Thgy. 2. 6s. : pers. pron. I, cf. nos; dnos-(]zm-pa to be selfish Thgy.\ dnos- dzin selfishness, self interest, dnos-dzinydon- gyis zin-pa to be possessed by the demon of selfishness Thgy.; dnos-dzin-can selfish, self-interested. Thus it was explained by Lamas, though it cannot be denied that sometimes the version: belief in existence, a clinging to reality, a signification equally justifiable by etymology (v. below), would be more adequate to the context. 3. Tar. 150,14: thou, you; except in this passage I did not meet with the word in this sense, yet it may be used so, in the same manner as nyid q.v. Comp. and deriv. dnos-yrub, Ssk. siddhi, 1. perfection, excellence, any thing of superior value, e.g. honour, riches, talents, and esp. wisdom, higher knowledge, and spiritual power, as far as they are not acquired by ordinary study and exercise, but have sprung from within spontaneously, or in consequence of long continued contempla- tion. This dnos -grub is, as it were, the Buddhist caricature of the ;p/0pora of the N.T. (v. I. Cor. 12,4). 2. name of male persons, col. *no-rub* W. d/ios- ndn having little flesh, ill -fed, emaciated Mil. dnds-can material, real Cs. dnos- dad true faith, opp. to blun-dad 'a fooFs faith', superstition Mil. dnos-sdig prob. : real, or still effective sin, unatoned, un- expiated sin Dzl. &?, 14; or less emphati- cally: sinful actions in general , 15. dnos-po, Ssk. *j^ ^j, thing, natural body, ser diiul-la soys-jjai d/tds-po Olr.\ matter, subject, dyd-bai dnos-po matter of rejoicing Wdfi. ; goods, utensils, dyc-slon-gi wearing- apparel of a Gelong; occurrence, event, action, dnos-po syrub-pa to bring a thing about , to set it on foot or a going Dzl. ; as a philosophical term : substance, matter, Was. (270. 294) ; dnos-por dzin-pa the belief in the reality of existence Mil. dnos- ma Cs. natural (opp. to artificial), natural productions. dnds-min 1. the proper or real name for a thing; so Zam. uses the paraphrase \po-mf sdn-gyidnos-miit, in order to avoid the plain expression m)e, which is considered obscene. 2. noun substantive, Chr. Prot. a newly coined grammatical term. dnos-med Lex. = Ssk. abhava, Cs. im- material, not existing, Was. (281): not real. dnos-slob a real, a personal pupil Tar. often. diios-yzi (Lex. = Ssk. mida) the main part of a thing, the thing itself, e.g. the subject-matter of a treatise, the cere- mony itself, opp. to snon-^yro introduction, sbyor-ba preparation, and eventually also rjes that which follows. SlC^r^r m>ia y-p a i P*- w'w/ s > to commission, charge, delegate, send (a messenger, commissary etc.) Dzl. ; also used of Buddha's sending a Bodhisatva on the earth to con- 132 miidn-pa vert all mortals. mnag-yzug a servant, slave, but esp. a messenger of the gods. miidn - pa to curse, to execrate; m?ian bsgrait-ba Cs. 'enumeration of curses'; but mnan mi bgran? Lex. w.e. mna, resp. for dban, might, dominion, sway, mna mdzdd-pa to govern, to rule, la over; mna brnyes-pa to have ob- tained power Gb\; mna sgyiir-ba Tar. id.; to possess (books, knowledge etc ) ; to have mastered, to understand thoroughly; mna ysol-ba 1. to name, nominate, appoint, rgydl-por a king Pth. ; btsun-mor to declare a 'woman one's wife Glr. 2. to praised'.; bkra-sis mna ysol-ba C. to congratulate. mna-fdn power, might. mna-bddg ruler, master, owner, frq. mnd-ba 1 . vb. resp. for yod-pa, to be (to have), rgydl-po-la sras ysum mnd-ste the king having three sons DzL; btsun-poi skit-la bsnyun mi mna Idgs- sam (i trust) your majesty is not unwell? Glr. 2. adj. (partic.) being owned by, be- longing to, Dzl.?&, 3: having, owning, = dan Iddn-pa, frq. mna-mdzdd = mna- bddg. mna-zdbs Glr., mna-^og Glr., mna- ris Lew. subject to ; a subject. jjrnvr^r mna-ris p.n., in a wider sense the whole country round the sources and the upper course of the Indus and Sutledge, together with some more western parts ; the Cashmere, English, and most western Chinese provinces, where Tibetans live; in a more limited sense mna-ris skor ysum denotes Rutok, Guge, and Purang. mna-ris-Jcdm-bu C. (*pd- ti/'i* W.), dried apricots from Balti; mna- ris cu, miia-ris ytsdn-po, also yyas-ru-ytsdn- po, and rta-mcog-Ka-bab, the principal river of Tibet. mndr-ba, W. *ndr-mo*, C. *ndr- po*, sweet, frq.; *mnar ysum* the three sweets, sugar, molasses, and honey; cf. dkar ysum. miial, resp. Ihums (^w) womb ; mndl- gyi dri-mas ma gos-par not con- taminated by the impurity of the womb (so all the Buddhas are not born like other mortals, but come forth out of the side of /ion-pa the breast); mnal dan Iddn-par to be with child; mnal mi bde-bar O yyur- ba to be taken by the labours of child- birth; mat mndl-nas byiiii-nas rtdg-par constantly from one's birth; miidl-du cd(/s- pa 1. the originating in the womb, con- ception, 2. the foetus or embryo Med.; mndl-du fogs-pa a disease; mndl(-du) ynds (-pa) foetus, embryo Thgy.; mndl-du O iug- pa to enter the womb, relative to a Buddha: his incarnating himself, his assuming flesh; mndl-du O dzin-pa Wdn. to conceive, to be with child. mndl-Ka mouth of the womb, orifice of the uterus Med. mnal-grib contamination of the womb; 6s. adds: ori- ginal sin, yet prob. it signifies nothing more than mndl-gyi dri-ma v. above; (the said contamination is considered to extend to the least contact with a woman in child- bed). mndl-sgo the canal of the uterus, vagina; also in a more special sense the extreme orifice of the vagina Med.; frq. without any immediate physiological refe- rence, the same as mnal, e.g, when the subject of re-birth is spoken of. mnal- fur a spoon used in midwifery for ex- tracting a dead fruit (in the artificial deli- vering of a live child the obstetric art in Tibet is rather helpless). mnal rlitgs-pa abortion, mnal rlugs-par byed-pa to cause abortion 6s. mnon-pa conspicuous, visible, e.g. continents, because they stand out of the water; more frq. fig. : evident, mani- fest, clear, mnon-par O gyur-ba to become manifest; to be verified, proved, e.g. gold by refining DzL Tibetan writers regu- larly translate the Ssk. abhi by mndn-pa, hence cos mndn-pa DzL, and mnon-pai bka Pth., the Abhidharma (v. Kopp. I., 595; Was.), mnon-pai sde-snod Abhidharma-pi- taka, mnon - pa - mdzod Abhidharma kosa (v. Burn. I. and Was.) ; as a vb. : to be evident, to appear clearly, bden-par \'-is mnon, from what is it evident that it is true? DzL; ynod-par bgyid-du mnon -no they are evidently bent on doing mischief DzL ; mhon-du byed-pa to manifest, to make 133 mnon- pa r nan-pa public; to show something to others; Tar. 24, 1 should be understood: to make clear or manifest to one's self, to perceive, know, understand; mndn-du Jbyin-pa to disclose, reveal (secrets, the future) Glr.; to make known (one's wishes) Glr.; miion- du ^gyur-ba to be revealed or disclosed, to make one s appearance, ran-byuit ye-ses miton-du gyur-pas as the self-originated wisdom has revealed itself to us Mil. mnon-par adv. manifestly, openly, evident- ly; often = entirely, highly, greatly, very, mnon-par rdzogs Was. (246) complete ful- filment; in the sense of 'very' it may also be taken in mnon-par dgao, in the legends of Buddha, 'they rejoiced very much', though also one of the other significations of abhinanda might help to explain these words. Comp. miton-(par) brjod^pa) = abhi- dana, a collection of synonyms, of which some are mentioned in Burn.I. and II. miton-rtdgs proof, argument; sign or token of the truth of a thing Dzl V%, 2. - miion-(par) rtogs(-pa) 1. a clear compre- hension Was. (287). 2. a hymnlike descrip- tion of a Lha from top to toe, v. also Schl. 260. mnon-mfo re-birth as Lha or as man Thgy. (ScJir.'); also n. of a re- gion in Paradise. mndn-pa-pa an Ab- hidbarma scholar. mnon-spyod Sch. cruelty, severity; Schf. more corr.: witch- craft, Ssk. abhicara, Pth., drdg-po m/ton- spyod-kyi las Tar. frq. mnon-mfsdn Lex. w.e., Sch.; an evident sign. mndn-(par) ses(-pd), re?p. mtfyfoi(-pa), Ssk. abkyna, a kind of clairvoyance, gift of supernatural perception, of which five species are enu- merated, viz. assuming any form at will, seeing and hearing to any distance, know- ing a man's thoughts, knowing a man's condition and antecedents; originally used as a vb. : to be clear-seeing Pth. mnon- sum-du 1. openly, publicly DzL; more frq. 2. bodily, personally; like dnos-su, e.g. to appear, to instruct, in person (Tar.); to know by one's own personal experience (WJ. rna I. kettle-drum, drum, Jfdr-rna \.J!ar; rdzd-riia Glr., Cs.: 'a drum of earthen ware'; rgydl-rita the beating of drums after a victory, bag - r/ia at nuptial festivities, *lhd-iia* Ld. for the king; *zeh-iia*, and *zim-na* Ld. a morning and evening se- renade with an accompaniment of drums; Hrims-kyi riid-bo -u, or lo- tog zor-bas to cut the harvest with a sickle ; brtsds-ma brhds-pa the reaped corn; rfui- mKan the mower, reaper. rna-bon W., */ia-mon* C., camel, rim- yseb male camel, rhd-mo female ca- mel; a camel in general; rna-prug the young of a camel; rfta-rgod a wild camel; rha-bul camel's hair. F'ST r nd-ma \. tail. 2. in a special sense: yak's tail Mil. rnd-ma yyitg-pa Sch., *nd-ma tog-ce* (lit. skrog-pa) W., to wag the tail. rna-ydb 1. a yak's tail, used for fanning and dusting. 2. rna-ydb, and rna-yab-yzdn, n. of two fabulous is- lands in the south of Asia Cs. X.XZLX' rnan-cen Lex., C. and W., contempt, * disdain; *nan-cen jM-pa* C., *M- ce* W. to despise, contemn. ._... ,-iidn-pa I. sbst. 1 . reward, fee, hire, wages; n'ldn-jxi //t<> the wages are high; riidn-pa sbyin-pa or ftoh-ba to ndb-pa r nod-pa pay wages; to bribe, to corrupt. 2. in C. at present a kind of sacrifice. II. vb. to reward, to recompense, perh. better brndn-pa. rndb-pa 1. (cf. rimm-pa) to desire earnestly, to crave, bkres-rhab-pa to be greedy, to have a craving appetite Lex. - 2. W. col. for rrtd-ba to mow; *ndb-sa* (lit. ndb-rtevci) W. grass or corn that is to be mown or cut. rndbs - rva Med., a hollow horn, used for sucking Sch. rndm-pa 1. sbst. (cf. dnoni), also rnam-brjid, rnom-brjid, splendour, magnificence, majesty, an appearance, com- manding awe or inspiring terror (but not = awe Cs.); rndm-pai nd-ro a voice of that kind; rndm-po, rndm-can adj. bright, shi- ning, grand, majestic. 2. vb., also rndms- pa, pf. brnams, to breathe, rndm-pa bde the breathing is regular Mng., frq ; rndm- pa fun short breath Sch.', esp. to breathe heavily, to pant, rndm-pa rgod wild puffing Med. ; c. dat. to pant for, to desire ardently, srog ycod-pa-la to be blood-thirsty Ma.', rndm-pai fsul-gyis greedily (devouring) Tltgr.; rndm-can adj. greedy, avaricious, covetous; *za-nam-pa* voracious, glutto- nous, ravenous W.; to rush upon, fly at, throw one's self on, fzdn-la on others Mil. ; to rage, to be in a fury; to destroy or murder in a state of fury ; mi pal-cer grir rnom (like grir ysod) the people are in numbers murdered by the sword Ma.; to call out in a rage, ces Kros-rnam-nas thus she called furious with rage Dzl.; rndms- pai (k'ro)-zal an angry face, wrathful look Glr. rnams height; in height Glr., rndms- su id. ^J" rnas, v. snas. " rnu pain, v. zug-rnu. No *n*CJ* rnub-pa, pf. (b) rnubs, fut. brnub, >o imp. rnubs, to draw in, dbugs air, mar into the nose Med.; to breathe Med.', dbugs rnub mi Q fon (?) is mentioned as a sign of great sadness and affliction Pth. aq- r/tul perspiration, sweat, rhul-cu id., NS esp. col.; rnul O du Med., O byun Dzl., rnul - cu O fon, *yoti*, col. perspiration is breaking forth; rnul O don-pa to cause to sweat or perspire Cs.; rnul-ba, pf. briml, to sweat, to perspire Cs. pn- rneu 1. also rneii-cun,rna-cuh, a little ^ drum, diminutive of rna. 2. the young of a camel, v. rna-mon. "Z? rno, is stated to be a kind of leprosy, s covering the whole body, of a whitish colour, itching very much, and contagious; *ito pog, gyab* he is affected with leprosy; rno-can leprous (cf. mdze). rno-ba to be able Cs., rno-tog-pa id., so Fouc. Gyatch. ftp, 9, *nob-ce* Ld.\ Sch. has: rno mi fog -pa to look at one with uncertainty, not being able to recog- nize; the passage of Mil. : rno ma fogs kyait is not to be explained by either of these significations; Lex.: rno mi fogs w.e. rnd-bag-can Cs. v. rnom-bag-can. d-len-pa to roast, fry, (?) Sch. v. rnod-pa. SW rn 9 1- a ls ze-rnog, the hunch or ' hump of an animal Lex., more esp. a hump consisting of fat (like that of the camel); fsil-rnog the fat around the kid- neys, suet Mil.; rus-kyi riiog Lex. w.e. 2. rnog(-md) the mane of horses etc. (not of the lion, v. ral-pd), rta-rhog a horse's mane, dre-rhog a mule's mane; dreu-rnog a kind of stuffed seat or mattress 6s., a thick-haired carpet Sch.; rnog-can, riwg- Idan having a mane; rnogs-cdgs a beast that has a mane Cs. 'i' r hod-pa I. pf. brhos, fut. brnod Cs. (perh. erron. for brno) imp. rnod, riios, W. *no-ce* 1. to parch (barley), ser tsam (to parch a thing) so that it turns yellowish Glr. 2. to roast, to fry e.g. meat in a pan. II. to deceive (ace. to Cs. rnon-pa to deceive wild beasts, to hunt); to seduce, esp. to sensual indulgence, bud-med Lex. ; similarly Tar. 39, 2. 135 r non-pa *! r non-pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. brfion, to hunt, pursue, wild animals (7s., iSeA.; to fish 6'. 2. sbst. a hunter, hunts- man Dzl. and Ler.; rnon-pa-mo a hunting woman, a huntress 6s. rnob-pa Ld. to be able, v. rno-ba. rhom-brjid (cf. rndm-pa 1) splen- dour, stateliness, majesty; r/zo'w- bag-can, also col. *ndm-jig-can*, grand, majestic; terrible, of a judge, of terrifying deities. (A sbst. r horn -bag = rnom-brjid Cs. prob. does not exist.) oj* ^a (-Ba/L */a*), fi ve > lnd-bcu(-fam-pa) ^ fifty; Ina-brgya five hundred; Ina-bcu- rtsa-ycig (W. *na-bcu-na-cig*} or na-fcig, fifty one etc.; Ind-pa the fifth, Ina-po con- sisting of five, cf. c&/w; Ind-ga Cs., Ind-ka Pth. all the five, each of the five. The number five very often occurs in legends, as well as in sacred science, v. the Index to Burn. II., and to Fouc. Gyatch. II. un- der 'Cinq'. Ina - ten, Ssk. tRfT*T n - of a country in the north of ancient India, sj- sna (TE[) a root signifying before, soon, ^ early, rarely referring to space, and seldom used alone as adj. or adv., e.g. Dzl. 93V", 8: O dd-ba ni lid- can yah sna ces-so deliverance (sc. from existence) takes place much too soon; na ni fern -pa sna bryal yin I was the foremost, the first, to cross the threshold Glr.; bstdn-pa sna dar bar dar pyi dar ysum the first, intermediate, and last propagation of the doctrine Glr.; gen. it is used with an adjective termina- tion, with postpositions, or in compounds. Deriv. snd-ba 1. adj. ancient, belonging or referring to former ages, rgya-ndg-gi rgydl-po snd-ba an ancient king of China Glr. ; of an early date, long ago, ... /as dd-lta snd-ba O dug-gam is it already a long time, since . . .? Mil.-, 2. sbst. antiquity, the olden time; the morning; = snd-dro, Mil. ; 3. vb. pf. snas, to be the first, to come first, to be beforehand, (ep&dvetv): rje-yi sku mfon na snd-bas as I was the first to see the king's face Glr. ; ^gran-fsig snds- pa yin you were beforehand with me in disputing Glr.; *Ka ne son* Sp. you pro- mised it. siid-bar in former times, for- merly, in the morning ; sail snd-bar to-mor- row morning Glr. s/id-ma adj. 1. earlier, former, preceding, afore-said, frq.; sitd-ma snd-ma always the anterior in time and place; snd-ma Itar, or bzin-du, as before, frq. 2. the first, the foremost in a series or succession Dzl.', Iddn-bai snd-ma she who takes the first turn in getting up Mil. - snd-mo i. earlier, by-gone; snd-mo-nas long ago Mil.; 2. W.: the morning, in the morning, *md nd-mo* early in the mor- ning, *fo-re nd-mo* to-morrow morning; also: early enough, in due time (opp. to * pi-mo*}. snd-ru v. snar, as a separate article. snd-na before, previously, (gen. snar is used inst. of it). snd - nas id., prop, of former times. Comp. snd-gon(-nas) adv. before, pre- viously, at first, a little while ago, just now Mil; formerly, = late, deceased, sna-gon yab your late father Glr. ; sna gon bod-kyi rgydl-po the earlier Tibetan kings Glr. siia-dgons morning and evening Sch. sna-snd very early Sch. sna-cdd formerly, hitherto, till now, up to this time Dzl., = sitan-cdd, snon-cdd. sna-^rtin-du earlier or later, not at the same time, e.g. bros- so they escaped Glr. sna - ltds omen, presage, prognostic; also the fate or destiny portended. siia-fog 1. forenoon. 2. the first-fruits of harvest Cs. sna-dus anti- quity, time of old. sna-Jro the morning, the earlier part of the forenoon, 'the time before the heat of the sun' ; snd-dro ytig- la in half a forenoon Glr. ; snd-dro dgoits- mo morning and evening Sch. v. above; san snd-dro to-morrow morning Mil. sna-pyi^ sooner or later, like sita-rtin-du v. above Dzl. frq. siid-rol time of old, past ages Cs.; shd-rol-tu before Tar. (cf. sii6n-rot). *nd-lo* W. last year. sna mgs dren-pa Cs.: 'the accenting of the first syllable'. sna-sdr early, SHU-MI r-sdr very early 6s. sna-s6r 1. in the first place, first of all, at first (cf. rtin-sor} Glr. 2. an- ciently, in old times 6s. 136 sna-sno yy sna-snd vegetables, greens Thyy. (v. * Zjcn'ri' snug-pa, also sndgs-pa, pf. bsnags, fut. bsitag, imp. snog, to praise, commend, extol; to recommend; O f/r6-bar snags it is recommended to go Wd/t.; bstod- sndg-pa to praise, to sing praises, frq. ; sndg-(pa-)po a praiser, commender, Cs.; snag - (par) ^os(-pa~), snag - Man praise- worthy; praised; also n. of the horse of Buddha Cs. snag-ysol praise, thanks. S*W s>m y s (f^ also 'STTWt & - la he cug-pa* using the luggage as a pillow; snas-stdn, snas-Jbol, resp. dbu-snds pillow; rgyab-snds a cushion for the back; stias- mdl a couch constructed of pillows or cushions; snas- pdns (?) pillow, cushion Cs.; W. *nye* for *snas*. ^^I'^I* snds-pa v. stia-ba. ^r' snun, col. for snon; snun-la c. genit_ -S ' before, ago, like gon-du; *dd-wa ny/s- si nun- la* two months ago; * nun-la so/i* he walked in advance, or ahead; * nun- ma* former, last; *nun-ma-zag* W. two days before yesterday, *yan nun-zag* three days before yesterday. g*'J* snur-ba to Snore Lex. (cf. nur-ba). ^TQ- sneu Lex., Cs.: a kind of pulse or ^^ pease ; Sch. = mon-sran, v. greu. J& stio, a root signifying blue or green; as ^ sbst. plant, herb, vegetable, greens Mil.; sno skye-na when it is getting green or verdant. Comp. sno-skyd blue bice, pale blue, e.g. 137 briidd-pa the skin of emaciated persons Med.; *no gyan-gydn* W. greenish-yellow (spelling dubious). sno-sgd officinal herb, Wdn. (green ginger?) sno-ndd v. nad. sno- Ijdn bluish green. mo-tog Schr. 'unripe, sour, of fruits' (?); more corr. : green, un- ripe fruits. s/to - dregs green mud or mire Sch. stio-ndy deep blue. s//d-ba 1. vb. to get green, verdant; 2. adj., also srid-bo, more frq. snon-po, snon- mo blue, green, also used of the livid colour of dis- eased or famished people Glr. sno-smdn a medicinal herb. sno-fsdd vegetables; herbs. sno-16 the leaf of a plant; Cs.: 'stio - 16 O cdr-ba to become notorious'. - sno - satis pale blue e.g. of the sky; s/io- sd its-ma night Sch. Bfo* sno-ba, Cs. also snod-pa, pf. bstios, fut. bsno, imp. s/ios, 1. to become green Cs. 2, (Lex. xrftnR?) t b| ess, *no-wa gydb-ce* W., though in most cases as a requital for a present given; Dzl. 3Y V ^, 16: to bless, to pronounce a benediction, hence also in litanies the words of the priest seem to be indiscriminately called s/id-ba, whereas the responses of the congregation of monks are termed mfun- gijur; gene- rally: to dedicate, devote, e.g. one's pro- perty to the dkon-mcog ysum, i.e. in reality to the priesthood; dge-ba O gro-drug ddn- du s/ios, to devote alms, charitable gifts, to the (temporal and eternal) welfare of beings. ML; also to design, to intend, nd- la bs/ids-pai yyu the turkois intended for me (by you) ML; Dzl. 9V&, 3: sd-la Kdn-bu dan rin-po-cer bstids-nas rtse-ba, fancying the earth to consist of cottages and jewels, and thus playing with it. s'wy-pa Lexx., prob. pf. bsnogs, fut. bsnog, imp. snoys, to V6X, to annoy; cf. skyo-hogs, skyo-snoys. ^y. snon = siia and snan, formerly, before, previously; snon fos-na having formerly heard Dzl. ; stion mdh-du Kyer yan although you have taken a good deal with you be- fore; snon O dds-pai or byitn-bai dus-na in by-gone times, frq.; snon bcom-ldan- O dds a former Buddha Glr.] snon mi dbul- fin dc this man formerly poor Dzl.; bddg- las s/ion bddg-gi pa my father before me (has . . .); siton-gyi adj. former, last; s/'inn- ma the former (when two persons or things are spoken of), snon-^na^mams the former (persons or things) Glr.: beginning, ///-/>//; jiy-pai stion-ma Ihd-sa-la byds-te making a beginning with the destruction of the temples in Lhasa Glr.; stion-du adv. and postp., before, at the head, in advance, in the front of, sndn-du O gro-ba to go before or in advance, to precede, also of words and letters; sndn-du ojug-pa to put or place before, Gram.; snon-la = stion-du: K//on-la son walk first! ML; ston-pai sndn- du (he died) before the Teacher (Buddha) Tar.; sooner, earlier, before the time sup- posed, sndn-la fsdr-ro they were first in finishing (their task) Glr.; ^o-nd sndn-la O di pul cig oh yes, but first give me that Mil.; sridn-nas from a former time, from the beginning Mil. ; stidn-bzin as formerly Mil. Comp. *tio)i-8ky& the first-born, eldest son. snon-gro v. Q gro-ba compounds. siton-cdd, stion-cdd Dzl., v. man- cad. snon -Jug a prefixed letter Gram. - snon-dus, snon-fse antiquity; adv. anciently, in times of old. siion-byufi Cs. stion- rdbs. sndn-rdbs ancient race, ancient history, antiquity, q^TW- stion-rol (cf. snd-roV) former time or period, ma ytud- pai stidn-rol zig-tu formerly, in former times, when (the chair) was not yet trans- ferred (to . . .) Tar. dus nd-niii sdn- bai snon-rol-na a year ago (an expression with an unnecessary redundancy of words!) Ml. snon-lds former actions. ^s*' J<3T s/ion = stio, stidn-po, v. sno. ?ji'n* s ^ on ~ h* 1 n< ^ a me( iicinal plant, ^ '^ ace. to Cs. poisonous; in Lh. Del- phinium Cashmirianum, officinal. s/ion- bum Q. of a botanical work: 'the hundred thousand vegetables' Cs. bw'id-ba, v. r/id-ba. britdd-pa Sch.: 'ausziehen, aus- 138 br nan-pa brndn-pa, = rndn-pa sbst. Glr., vb. Lex. brndb-pa 1. Sch. = brndd-pa. 2. Z/&ZT. = rndb-pa, rnams-pa. bsndl-ba to be faint or exhausted 6s.; v. sdug-bsndl. bsnfis-pa to place upon a cushion Sch. $tw-ba 1. v. sno-ba. 2. a blessing, cf. sno-ba. 3. 6s. also: mouldy, rotten (prob. only livid, discoloured, v. siio). 15J*n* ^ ^ ca 1. the letter <\ tenuis, palatal, like the Italian ci in ciascuno, or c in ci- cerone. 2. as numerical figure: 5. - 3. = lea excrement, alvine discharges , ca O dor-ba to discharge excrements Mil. ca-cir lark Ld. ca-cus warped, distorted, awry Sch. N3 TV^ ca-cd clamour, cries, snywi fsim-gyi ca-co shout, exclamation of joy Pth. ; noise, of many people Thgy.; da cd-i-o ma zer now do not make such a noise! (so Mil rebukes the aerial spirits); chirping, twitter Glr.- cd-co-can shouting, bawling; talkative, loquacious Stg. cd-dar, also fsd-dar, tsd-sar, a sheet, blanket, toga. ca-ra-rd, or ci-ri-ri, W. * 'car -pa ca-^ra-rd yon dug*, it rains heavily, it is pouring. 3^' ca-ri W. bug. 1 5*^,* ca-re continually, always = car. ^cn cag termination of the plur. of pers. ' pronouns. &&-&&& cartilage, gristle; snai cag-krum bridge of the nose. cag-dkdr W. quartz. CTOT 1 -pa, = ny- ra byed-pa, c. /a, to take care of; *cdg-ga ddy-po jhe' -pa* to look after, to keep, preserve carefully; *cdg-ga ddg-po* careful, orderly, regular, tidy, of persons. Ld. cag-cdg, cdg-pa smacking in eating 6s. cag-cer-re closely pressed or crowded, in standing or sitting cay-rdo = cag-dkdr W. Tp- caw, (v. cia-n, ci-yan), every thing, any thing whatever, can-ses knowing every thing, epithet of deities or saints; more frq. followed by a negative particle and then signifying: nothing; *caii mi sto* it does not matter, it is indifferent (to me), frq.; *can med* there is nothing here, or at hand; also = *can mi sto; can mi ses- fcan* ignorant, stupid; blockhead, simpleton. -rr*cn* can - teu Glr., also can -can -tew a sort ^ sma " drum Pth. gr' can, affix, adjective termination, prop. ' signifying: having, being provided with, = dan Iddn-pa, corresponding to the Eng- lish adj. terminations -ous, -y, -ly, -ful, e.g. fser-ma-can thorny; sometimes also = -like or -ish: bon-can Bon-like, heretical Mil., hm-du-can Hindoo-like, Hindooish; seldom affixed to verbs: byed-pa-can a doer, maker; in C. also for the possessive pron. : nd-can, ko-can, my, his (her), *naa- gofi sd-hib-cen* the Sahib's inkstand. It may also be affixed to a set of words that form one expression: fser-ma ndn-po-can having sharp thorns, seii-gei mgo-can having a lion's head. 139 can __. can, po., prop, cdn-du, postp. c. accus., to, with, Ron cdn-du mi O gro I do not go to him Mil.., l*tli. ; ha cdn-du with me, in my presence Mil. The word seems to be rather obsolete; more recent editions having gdn-du and drun-du instead of it. can-cil (?) W. the green shell of a walnut. ne, Sch.; a small bowl or dish; Cs. : continually. * can-dvdn green, unripe W. (?). caw-sa (?) kitchen, fire-place W. cab-cob Cs. nonsense e.g. smrd-ba. w- c-flww 1. Cs. slow; Lor. cdm-gyis Jog, and several other passages, the sense of which is not quite clear; cf. cam-me. - 2. glistening, glittering (?) cf. Icam-me. 3. W. whole, unimpaired, *sa* (foY. rftwa) * cam-me yod* the whole store of hay is still left (entire). < 3f cdm-pa-td-lo Ts. mallow. .j. cam-pod Ld. a bunch of flowers, sprigs etc., a handful of ears of corn. 3^- car 1. Lex. car-re, Cs. ca-re, Sch. also car-mdr, always, continually Cs. 2. also car, cdr-du, with numerals, esp. ycig- car at the same time, simultaneously, opp. to one after the other, successively (viz. doing or suffering a thing, sleeping, dying etc.) Dzl.; at once, on a sudden, opp. to gradually Mil; Ind-car all the five to- gether Thgy., fnyis-car, drug-car etc. car-ras v. doms-ras. jfjj- cal Cs.: 'noise, cal-cal id.; cal-rgyug rumour, (false) report'; cal -col idle talk, nonsense, cal-col ?tam id. M7. x$$T cas Pw., v. crs 2. 5^*^|' COS-CMS >ScA. = ca-cws. N5 ^y ^" a num. figure: 35. ^- ci I. interr. pron. in direct questions: 1. what? (6'. gen. yat'i instead of ci) ci ses (like the Hind, qfgj ^j%) wno knows? col. VT. ; also pleon. at the end of a question after the. .. am: na no-ses-sam ci? do you know me? do you? Dzl; cii of whom? whose? followed by pytr, don, Zed, slad (-du): why? wherefore? inst. of cii pyir also ci - pyir etc. ; de cii pyir ze - na 'this wherefore? (= why this?) if so it is asked'. (This phrase, besides the gerundial particles - esp. pas is the only way in which in B. the causal conjunction 'for' (Lat. nam, enim) can be expressed, and in translating into Tibetan, the English con- junction must therefore often be altogether omitted.) cii O brds-bu what sort of fruit? cii ri what kind of a mountain? i.e. of what consisting? Pth.; ci also, like an adj., is placed after the word to which it belongs : rgyu ci-las for what reason? on what ac- count? Tligy. 2. why? wherefore? but only in negative questions : bddg-la des ci ma cog why should not that suffice me? Thgy.\ ci mi sgrub why do you not pro- cure . . .? inst. of the imp. procure! MiL; bsdm-na ci ma legs if you considered . . . , why would not that be a good thing? = you had better consider, you ought to consider Mil', frq.: de Jbyim-na ci ma run if that happened, why should it not be desirable? = would that it happened! oh, may it happen! 3. how? in conjunction with other words, v. below. 4. inst. of a note of interrogation, e.g. in: ci ynan, for yndu-iiam, ysegs-par ci ynait do you allow (me) to come? Dzl <&V, 13; ^S, 5. II. correlatively : which, what; what- soever; every thing, much like gan, q.v., esp. the syntactical explanations given there. c/, as a correlative, ought prop, always to be written )i, yet not even in decidedly correlative sentences is this strictly ob- served: ci byed^-nct-^an) whatever I may do Glr.; ci bgyi bka nyan(-te} ned-kyis bsgrub whatever we may be bidden to do, we shall obediently perform Pth.; ci myur, also cimyur zig-la Pth. as quick as possible; 140 bi-lim also ci alone: by all means, at all events, spyan ci drans he must be conducted here at all events Glr. Comp. and deriv. bi-ga what? col. - bi-dyar, ci dyd-bar whatever one may wish, at pleasure, ad libitum. ci snyed \. snyed. *bi ton* (lit. )to/t) *ziy* some, something col. ci Ita-bu of what sort, manner, fashion, quality or nature? Lat. qualis. ci Itar how? in what manner? what? da ci Itar bya, W. *da ci bo-be*, what is now to be done? h Itar gywr-pai ytam byds- so he related what had happened, frq. bi-ste, followed by na or (rarely) fc, in most cases = the Lat, sin, but if, if however; even supposed that; sometimes for gdl-te, if, in case. ci sto what does it matter? si yah ci sto if he dies, what does it matter? Thyy. (cf. can). bi- Q dra-ba similar to what? of what kind? also: of whatever description it may be Glr. H-nas from which or what? out of which or what? by which? etc. (Bal.: *ci-ne* how?), et- nas kyan = bis kyan q. v. ci tsam how much? B., W.; ci tsam yod kyan though he have ever so much Mil. ; ci tsam - du how far? to what distance? bi-tsug Cs., col. *bi-zug, gd-zug* how? in what manner? - ci zig l. what? what a? 2. some one, any one, something, anything ; ci zig-tu dyos for what (purpose) is it wanted? Dzl.', ci zig-na once, one time, at any time Pth.; ci ziy-nas after that, afterwards Pth. ci yan, ci-an, can whatever, any thing, all kinds of things, *hul yo-na fson-yyu ci yan yo* C. if there is money, you may sell any thing; followed by a negative: nothing. ci rigs-pa adj., ci rigs-par adv. 1. in some measure, to a certain degree; in part, partly Tar.; 2. of every sort Dzl. and elsewh. ci-la why? wherefore? Glr., W. col. ; also for the de bii pyir ze-na of B. ; further it is used inst. of an affirmative; e.g. question: shall \ve get rice there? answer: *fob yin\ ci-la mi fob* of course, why not? * ci-la zu* why! well! S^T bi-lim (Hind. ^ 1. the bowl of a hukka (water-pipe). 2. a hukka. 5'eb* bi-tse Kun., also tse-tse, millet. |$qr big, enclitic, a modification of ybig, ' after s usually changed into sig, after vowels, and the liquids n, n, m, r, I into zig (exceptions, however, in provincialisms and in literature are not unfrequent) 1. after nouns, the indefinite article a, or a few, when following after a plural; some- times also untranslatable: bud-med-dag cig some women; mdn-po zig many (some- times expressly opp. to mdn-po, the many, Tar. 7, 15); gan zig v. gan; a little, some, sin zig O fu-ru ^gro dgos I must go and pick up some fire -wood Mil.; after in- finitives: Krims dan Q gdl-ba zig byed-pa to commit a trespass, to make one's self guilty of a transgression Dzl. ; fse O pos-pa grdns-med-pa zig myan he suffered innu- merable deaths Dzl. ; it is even added to numerals, and not only when 'nearly', 'about' or similar words leave a given number undefined (nii Ina tsam zig some five people), but also in sentences like the following : cu - mig bzi zig yod there are four springs or fountains. In all these cases, however, it may also be omitted. The numeral for 'one' ought always to be written ybig and never big, but prefixing the y is so often neglected (e.g. in fobs big-tu, lhan big etc.) that even grammarians let it pass. 2. when affixed to verbs (to the root of the imp. mood, or, in ne- gative sentences, to the root of the present tense) it is a sign of the imperative. In ancient literature it is used without re- ference to rank, whether it be in making prayers to Buddha, or in giving orders to a servant; at present in C. only in the latter way ; in W. it is of rare occurrence. , particle, the initial letter of w T hich is changed ace. to the rules ob- taining for big ; it corresponds to the English participle in ing, is used in sentences be- ginning with when, after, as, and is affixed to verbal roots and adjectives, in the latter case including the auxiliary verb to be: yson-por dur-du bbug-cin bui sa zd-bar 141 ; cur yyur-ciy (= bcuy-nas, or bcuy-ste) may I, after having been buried alive, be obliged to eat my own son's flesh! Dzl.] usually however employed in the minor clauses of accessory sentences: bros-sin ydb-pas having hid themselves after running away Dzl. ; frq. also where coordinate ideas are in English connected by and or but: sd-la zd-ziil Krdy - la O fun - ba eating flesh and drinking blood; ce-ziii legs-pa tall and well- shaped; drod ynod-cin bsil-ba pan heat is hurtful (but), cold is beneficial Lt. It is also used like the ablative of the gerund in Latin: nya bsdr-zin O fso-o we live by fishing (piscando) Dzl. ; and - kyin (q.v.) : ri-la drah-sron byed-cin O duy-yo he sits on the mountain acting the part of an anchorite Dzl. ; smre-siidys O d6n-cin O duy he sits wailing Dzl. ; ran-dydr O yro-zih yda he is wandering at pleasure Mil. ; ces smrd-zin yod- pa-la as they were thus speaking Glr.; cos stdn- cin yod-pai fse as he was just giving re- ligious instruction Tar. 11, 12. '^* ciu-ri n. of a female demon Their. STX- 3'X' t"i r > ci-ru, termin. of ci, 1. ^ whereto etc., little used. 2. with i/at'/: everywhere, in every direction, for any purpose, by all means, with a negative : nowhere (so at least it is to be explained in several passages of Pth. and ^r cw, instr. of ci, cis yid-ces-par O gyur by what am I to believe it? what shall make me believe it? whereby can I know it to be true? Dzl.; cis kyaii mi skrdy-pa yin he is not to be frightened by any thing Dzl. ; cis kyah , and ci - nas kyah frq. used as adv.; by all means, at all events, at any rate, cis kyaii O yr6-na if you wish to go by all means, at all hazards; da cis kyah yeys byao now I will at any rate play him a trick Dzl. ; i-is ///n the head, thus Lex. : co-toi for- cog (= cu-tif); cf. Ican-lo. &*\' co-ri = cor, can co-ri Lex. (?). co-li = cu-li. co - lo the prattling or chattering of little children Mil. ; cf. cd-co. 3gji* cogCs.: a plural-sign; Schr. all (people). ' This, or a similar original meaning of the word is also to be traced in an expression usual in Ld.: cog-mdo a place where three roads meet, v. mdo; cf. also cag. When affixed to a word, it must be preceded by the vowel o, the final con- sonant of the root being at the same time repeated. Affixed to verbs, it seems to convert them into participles: ^ohs-so-cog- la Dzl ?\*, 6, to those arrived, to the (persons) arrived, yi?i-no-cog, yod-do-cog those being, existing (things or persons); C's.: yces -so -cog things that are valuable, precious, to a man. 'J' cog-cog-pa W. grasshopper, cricket. t nave leisure cog-na yon go if you have leisure, come! *cog- ka* leisure, *dhe-rin cog-ka me'* to-day I have no leisure; *cog-ka )he* is an affirmative answer, when having been asked for some little service, something like: well, I'll do it. 143 ycig cdg-bu a sort of small tent Cs. cog-tse, v. Icog-tsc. coy-la-ma a mineral (?) Jl/t' ^r- con 1. Lex. a musical instrument, Schr. : a bell. 2. .Af7: con-la skyur- ba to push one down a precipice in order to kill him (the only meaning the context here will admit); cf. tson-don. 3. v. fcon. con-ci a small bowl or dish Sch.; v. can-ce. ' con- con jagged, indented, serrated. coii-mo, col. for Icun-mo. con-ba, Pth.: nu- bod cofi-ba ace. to the context: to raise loud la- mentations, wailings (at funerals); perh. etymologically connected with co-nes. Cf. fcon-skad. 5C*(3* con-zi = cun-zo. rr'sfr* con-ron, perh. = coil-con, Mil. cofi- ron tser-ma. cod-pan, IttZ, ornament for the head, worn by kings, tiara, diadem, crown; the crest of gallinaceous birds. cob-ddr Ld.-Glr., Schl. p. 29, a (?). 5z:Tnr- 3X'3cn- cor-gdn, cor-cig a mouth- 1 fill, a gulp, a little Sch.; cf. c'0-m col-cun Thgy. childish prattle or babbling. 5J' f ca 9 s -P a ! to apprehend, to grasp (with the understanding), to impress, gen. with yid-la, on the mind, e.g. the doctrine Dzl. ; also bka nan-ycdgs cen-po yndn-ba to give a thoroughly solid, impressive instruction; ycdgs-po byed-pa yc'dys-pa; with additional force: *do cdg- po )he'-pa* C. to impress (to one's mind) as firm as a rock. 2. relative to per- sons it is synon. to cdgs-pa to love. fcdn-po, W. *sdfi-po* clever; lively, sprightly; W. also attentive to, re- gardful of; ycdn-po drun-po clever and sagacious A///., ycaii-driiii Iddn-pa id. 7V//. ; hence also ycaii sbst. sagacity, cleverness; Ka-ycdh clever words, clever speech Cs.' cf. also Ka-sbydh\ W.: *sah co-ce* to watch for; to keep guard, to watch; *sah-rig co- ce* to be very attentive, to listen with fixed attention, *sdn-rig-can* , C. *cdh^rig- cen* very attentive; W.: *san skill -ce* 1. to exhort, admonish 2. to wake, to rouse from sleep; *cos-si san-skul tdn-ce* to give religious exhortations, to hold parenetic lectures. fcdd-pa, v. f cod-pa. 3,5- fcan-(f)zdn frq. beast of prey, 1 Lat. /era, but more in a systematic sense, so that the cat, and even the dog may be included; Glr. po. yban- (y)zdn fd-ma 'the last of the beasts of prey', the cat. fcdm-bu Cs. humbleness, servility, flattery, Sch. also untruth, lie ; ycdm- bui nag, or tsiy a servile speech; ycdm- bu smrd-ba to speak submissively Stg. (not much used). f car -ba 1- Sch.: cut Out, put Out, knocked out, e.g. miy an eye (cf. bcar-ba. 2. Mil? ycdl-ba, fcdl-du bkrdm-pa to spread, display, lay out e.g. precious stones, jewels, on a table, on the ground, Glr., also Lex. _g._. yci-ba 1. vb. v. ycid-pa. 2. sbst. = ycin; bsah fci both kinds of alvine discharges. Dzl. ycig, num. one; fcig kijan even but one; one and the same, dus ycig-tu, at the same time (whereas dus cig-na once, one day, which however is also written dus ycig-na); ycig byed-pa to unite (vb. n.), to join (in an act), to act in concert; sole, alone; dear, beloved, yob ycig dear father! Glr. : sin - tu yduii - bai ma ycig my own (only) beloved mother! somebody, some one Dzl., feu) . . . ycig the one the other, somebody or other, very frq. : ycig-gis ycig, ycig -la ycig etc. one another, each other frq.; mi-ycitj('. differing, different. 144 yhd-pa Comp. and deriv. ycig-ka single, only, opp. to several, Mil. ycig-car, ycig-car v. car. ycig-cig, pronounced *cig-cig*, a certain, some one, cis' T, 3; 3. firstly, in the first place, ycig-tu-ni\ then follows ynyis-sti-ni etc. Dzl. 4. only, solely Tligy. ycig-du unity and plurality, ycig-du-brdl not having these two qualities Was. (308). ycig-pa 1. the first Wdn. (little used). 2. having etc. one, cf. dgu. 3. of one kind, not different or manifold, tni- ycig-pa different B. and C. ycig-pu (also tcig-bu?) alone, Single, ycig-pus mi ston tub -pa to be able to cope alone with a thousand men Dzl.; ycig-pur lus-pa to remain alone behind Glr.; only, sole, bu ycig-pu the only son, frq. ycig-po \. alone, rgydl-po ycig-po skyes-pa yin the king alone is a man, Dzl. 2. being one, or the one, ma ynyis-la skyes-pai bu yciq- / *7 J it/ po thou (being the) one son of two mothers, viz. claimed by two, Glr. 3. Pur. the one - the other. ftig-sos the other, when speaking of two. *r ycid-pa, also yci-ba, pf. ycis, fut. yet, imp. ycis, to make water, to piss. ycin urine, ycin y ad-pa, or yci-ba, W. tdn-cc, to make water; ycin sor urine is discharged involuntarily; ycin- rkydg, both discharges, vulg.; ycin- gdg the retention of urine Med.; ycin-snyi gonorrhoea, clap(?) Med. yciu 1. clyster -pipe = ceu\ yci-ui sman clyster Lex. 2. clyster '(?) Cs. q- ycil-ba to spoil, to destroy Sch. ycer-lnt , Icu-ba, v. y cud-pet' ycu or Icu-Jcor Cs., yhi-skor W., ycm-bu Ts., screw. ycu-ti v. cu-ti. ycu-doii screw-box Cs. e-M^rrf^ importance, Cs. yciigs-pa, prob. not different from ycdgs-pa. The word oc- curs in : yid(-la) ycugs^-pa) beloved, a friend Dzl. ; mdza - ycugs byed - pa to treat ami- cably Wdn. ; Kon-fciigs having conceived a hatred Lex. ycun-po, resp. a younger brother. ycud? ycud-(ld) J)6r(-ba) LCXJC. w.e. ; Sch.: to forsake, to cast out, to re- ject; (cog. to cud-zdn?) '^I" y cud-pa, Icud-pa, pf. ycus, to turn, turn round, twist, twine, plait, braid; *cud log tdn-ce* W. to untwist, untwine a rope; *cus zum tdn-te nol dug* W. they wrestle and scuffle (prop, they fight scuff- ling); *sen cus gydb-ce* W. to press and bore with the knuckle ; *cus - spu* a low expression for the hair; lag-pa ycus Zam.f -_.. ycun-pa, secondary form of ^un- >o ^ |>a, Lexx. : rtsdd-nas ycun-pa, prob. to subdue completely; ycur-zifi ycun-pa prob. to beat or press a thing until it is soft. ycur-ba, secondary form of a)u>'- 6a; ycur-pe Ld. a coarse sort of vermicelli. ;//-// to esteem, to hold dear, to love Sclt. ycen (Cs. ycen-po) resp. Cs.: one's elder brother Dzl. ?AS, 11; ace, to Zam.: first-born son. ycer-ba v. bccr-ba. ycer-bu naked, col., also Mil; ycer- nydl id.; Run.: *cer-g6g*\ resp. sku ycer-bu; ycer-bu-rnams O gdbs-par byed- pa yin-pa being one that covers the naked Stg.; ycer-bur O bym-pa to make naked, to strip Pth.; ycer-bu byuh-ba, W. *cer-nydl fon-ce* to show one's self naked; ycer- 145 y ccs- j> bu-pa, ycer-nyal-mttan Mil. (Ssk. nirgran- tha a naked man, gymnosophist; cos-sku ycer mfon-du grol-bas having been deliver- ed so far as to see the cos-sku (v. sku) unveiled Glr. r<-'fa-P a ( L h. *se-pa-*} dear, belov- ed, ... Itar yces-na yafi although he is to me as dear as ... Glr.; ried-kyi mi yces-pa a man dear to us, our beloved, our darling Mil. ; fees-ma a favourite, sweet- heart Cs. ; j-ces -pruy dear child Mil. ; ex- cellent, precious, valuable, sin-tu fces-pai It/a the five important letters (viz. the pre- fixed letters) Glr.; ses-pa yces it is of im- portance to know Med.; often as super- lative : jig rten O di-na yces-pa rah-srog yin the dearest thing in the world is one's own life Pth. ; yces-par byed-pa Sty., O dzin- pa Glr. c. accus , W. : *se -pa eo-ce* gen. with the dat., to hold dear, to love, to esteem, persons or things, but not appli- cable to the deeper affections of the heart. yces-bsdus Lex. w.e.; yces-btus Cs. choice pieces (out of books). ycog-pa, pf. bcag, imp. %(), W. *cdg-ce*, imp. *coy* trs. to O cdg- pa, to break, dum-bur to pieces; to break off, or asunder; to smash, a glass; to crack, nuts; to burst; split, blast, a gun, a rock; fig. : to break, to violate, a promise, a vow, a law etc. frq., yab-kyi bka bcdy-tu mcd the word of my father may not be violated (by me) Glr. ZTK' ^36*<3K* I'"' Yfoii-ndd, COnsump- ' tion, phthisis, ycon-cen dmu-cu prob. dropsy in the chest or in the pericardium Med.; gen. any chronic disease *coh-la fs//' ma son-iiam* C. it has not taken a chronic turn, has it? also fig.: *sem con-po dug* C. the heart is sick, af- flicted. _tg..-. fcdn-skad Lex., Sch.: lamentations, wailings , plaintive voices , cf. ycoii-ba. fcon-ba 1. pf. bsoiis, to excavate, wash out, undermine through the action of water, tur-du y con-bar mi yyur- ro they are not undermined (by the water) Stg.; ycon-roii a narrow passage, a defile Cs. 2. from yco/i, to get faint, languid, wearied in mind, C. "^' ycon-zi, v. co/l-:i. cn^r'^r* ycod-pa, pf. bead, fut. ycad, imp. cod, W. *cdd-ce*, imp. *cod* 1. to cut, cdd-bya ycod-pa secanda secare Gram.', to cut asunder, fann-fmul-tlu into small bits; to cut off, chop off, the hands; to cut down, to fell, trees; to cut out, tbe tongue Dzl; to rend asunder, to break, a thread, a rope , chains, fetters. 2. to cut off fig.: cu, the water, by damming it out, frq.; to reduce, the wages; to cure, a disease; to suppress, a passion; to discontinue, to give up, zan, zas, eating i.e. to abstain from food, to fast; srog, to kill, to murder, frq.; to Stop a thing in its origin, to obviate, prevent, avert ; to avoid ; to lock, the door, frq.; . . . kyi, or la, bdr-du j'cod-pa to throw obstacles in a person's way, to hinder, impede, frq.; srog-la bdr-du yeod-pa de-dag all these life-endangering beings Glr.; (for more examples refer to bar}; to sfop, to make a pause, in reading, sad yon-na drdg-por bcdd-pa making a marked stop, when there is a, shad, Gram.; mam(-par} ycdd(-pa), or bcad^-pa), section, paragraph ; stop, pause; yoits-ycdd id. Gram.; fo de- cide , ces bead - do thus he decided Dzl. ; Krims, or (Dzl.} zal-ce, to pass sentence or judgment; to judge, condemn, cf. also fag -ycod-pa. 3. to cross (little used), eu-bo grii-yis a river in a boat Glr. 4. rjes ycod-pa to follow the track, used both of men and dogs; *mdr-dzi? (to follow) the smell of butter (viz. of roast-meat), *kyur-dzi co'-pa* C. to follow the sourish smell (viz. the smell of beer) ; (f)sar- (also tsar Pth.} } cod -pa to search into, to in- vestigate, to examine or study thoroughly Ld.-Glr. Schl. p. 20, b. cdd-pas ycod- pa and other phrases v. under the re- spective noun. - *<'!> '-fait* ( . the Tibetan rupee, having lines (radii} of division mark- ed, by which they may be cut into smal- ler pieces. Note: In some phrases the 10 146 spelling of ycod-pa and the assonant verbs spyod-pa and dpyod-pa is variable. ^' am > * d cog-pa and O cdg-pa. ?A. : 'bcan-rgya-cen-po com- prising much, comprehensive, very extensive; bcah-rgydr mdzad-pa resp. to apply one's self, to bestow pains upon'. bcdd-ka W. a whole that has been cut into, or a piece cut off. -l^r bcdd-po W. something old, torn, worn out q3q*]* bcdb-ya v. O cab-pa. bcam-bcom Sch. : trivial things, medley, hodge-podge. bcd-sga v. sga. bcd-ba 1. v. cd-ba. 2. sbst. drink- ing; gen. used connected with bza- ba; bcd-ba dan bzd-ba, or bza-bea food and drink. 1>ca- prdn Mil, declivity, pre- cipice Sch. bca-mdg, the usual pronunciation of Icags-mag. bcdr-ba 1. =bcir-ba to squeeze, to press in a press Thgy.; to crowd, to throng, *ydr-la bear* 6'., stand (or sit) more closely together ! 2. to pull or force from, to wrest Cs. 3. Lexx.: mig bcdr- ba the same as in year-miff ('?). 4. >ScA. : logs bcdr-ba to prop sideways. 5. /Sc^. : 6cav bzugs-pa to have a permanent resi- dence (this would however be more cor- rectly expressed by car). 6. bcdr-bai rta- bcibs, and lan-bcdr? Lexx. w.e. bcdl-ba v. connected with, having, possessing, containing a thiug, with dan or terrain, (the latter in prose only when a second dan, signifying 'and 1 , occurs in the sentence); gerunclially: bcds-te, sometimes also beds- pas or bcds- xi/'t: adverbially: beds - su frq. ; Jcor dan bcds-pa^-te, -su) with attendance, with a retinue or suite, frq.; bu-mo bcu bod-blon dan beds-pas skor-te surrounded by ten vir- gins together with the Tibetan ambassa- dors Glr. ; btsun - mo dan srds - su beds - te with (his) wife and son Git: ; gos dan bcds- su (to go into the water) having one's clothes on Dzl. ; zal Q dzum-pa dan beds-te with a smiling face Gb'.\ ser-sna dan beds- pa infected with, subject to, avarice; with- out dan or teriuin. (esp. po.); Jcrul-bcas infatuated, fascinated Pfh.', O bni-fdn fun bcas together with a small parcel of Du- tan tea ; it is also, like mams, a collective sign, used in enumerations, referring to several nouns, Wdn., or like la-sogs-pa and other (things), and more (such things), and the like : I'yyays dan bcas bskydl - lo provisions and other necessaries we shall supply Mil. bcin-ba, fut. of O cin-ba to bind. bcins-pa, pf. of O ciii-ba to bind. Both verbs (bein-ba and beins- pci) are also used as substantives: bonds, fetters, whether of a material, spiritual, or magical nature. bcib(s)-pa v. O ctb-pa; Sch. also: carriage, conveyance. beir-ba v. cir-ba. beds-pa 1 . originally pf. of O cd-ba, little used. 2. adj. together with. beil-ba v. Jil-ba. q_. bcu (Bal. *wcu*} ten, bcu fam-pa id. ; bcu-prag a decade; bcu-ycig, bcu-fnyis (Bal. *wcu - was*) eleven, twelve etc., (v. also bco); bcu-pa, bcu-po as in dgii-pa, dgu- po. bcu-skor O fon, bcu-gyur O fon (the field) yields a tenfold crop. - *cu-fca, cu-Kai tal* C., *cu-Mg* W., tithe, tithes; bcu-Kdg-pa a collector of tithes, beu-fcag O don-pa to tithe, to decimate Cs. beu- on corporal, I^at. ^l<';-/,/ zun-can co* W. (he) makes him a liar. bcog? Glr. 99. bcom for /cow, pride. bcom-pa, pf. oljdim-pa, conquered. subdued; having conquered or sub- dued, e.g. di/rd-bcoms-pa, v. dgra\ victory 6s.; O prog-bcdm, and * corn-tog* W. rob- bery and acts of violence. btom-bdfy p.n., Mathura, town of ancient India, in the neighbourhood of Agra, Z.-. blowing into a blazing fire 6'.; hence as sbst. : a false conception, wrong idea, beds pa dan Jtrul -bar flint-stone, tinder-box W. U-ags- tsdgs an iron cribble or sieve, colander. Icags-zdm iron bridge. Icags -zdns iron kettle. *cag-zdn* (.'. good iron, steel. Icags-yyd rust Med. Icags-ri a wall en- circling an estate, a town etc. Icags- sldn a large iron pan for roasting or kiln- 149 U-aii-rna drying corn. Icags-sdn iron hoop, hasp, cramp-iron. Icags-sd iron ore Cs. leags-bsro smoothing-iron Sch. lean -ma willow. Salix viminalis, almost the only leaved tree in Tibet, frq. planted in the vicinity of villages; rgydl-lean the specific name of this tree in Kun.; ron-lcan, ser-lcan different species of it; Ican-dkdr Kun. a white kind with birch - like bark, cf. so; lean -16 willow- leaves, 2. (wzr) matted hair, lcdn-lo-can, or -pa, one w r ith matted hair, a penitent; also n. of a place in ancient India, of another in Lhasa, and of a third on the top of the fabulous Rirab. 3. queue, pig- tail C. Ican-rlom a flat willow basket Ts. lean-sin willow-tree, willow-wood. lean-sol Sch. : 'the red willow'. * can- si I* W. coolness, shade under a willow-tree. carr'air' lean -Icon Cs. = sati-son a craggy * * place, a broken country. -,.. Icam, also pyam, 1. lath, pole, rafter, * spar of a roof. In Tibet the rafters are placed horizontally, and support a layer of earth; in Mongol tents they are slant- ing, supporting the felt - covering. 2. also brag - Icdm, n. of an officinal herb used for healing wounds Med. 3. j/yur- Icdm prob. denotes a glittering fish, or a fish rapidly darting along 4. v. Icdm- mo. .S., Icdm - me- ba, perh. variegated, shining, dazzling Glr. ledm-mo, resp. for spun, and esp. for srin - mo, ace. to 6s. also for cuil-ma, a royal consort, a great man's sister or wife; lha-lcdm a princess Pth.; learn -cun a young princess or lady, a young unmarried lady of noble rank; Icam- drdl, mced-lcam-dral, Icam-snn brother and sister, am-- Icdm -pa 1. n. of a flower Wdn.; 2. n. of a kind of vegetables S.g. a-q. Ici-ba 1. sbst. (Ld. *lca*, Lh.*ci-a, * ce-a*), dung, esp. of cattle; bai Ici- ba, bd-lci cow-dung; lei-skdm dry dung (used as fuel), Ici-rlon fresh dung. 2. adj. heavy, W. *cin-te*, y ait-lei 1. light and I cum heavy; '2. weight, *yah-ci ddn-da co-ce* W. to balance equally, to counterpoise; with regard to food, perh. heavy, oppress- ing the stomach; but also in a favourable sense: substantial, nutritious; fig.: weighty, important, ki/ed-kyi skyes dan bka-stsdl fri- ba des in consequence of your weighty presents and requests Glr.; *ndm-cog cin- te* W. hard of hearing; Ka-na-ma-fo-ba Ici-ba a heavy, deadly sin, frq. ^* ll-ld v. I jh I. Icin-te v. Ici-ba. Icibs denotes a. things, which serve to protect the hands, when having to deal with hot or otherwise disagreeable objects; so gloves may be called IHbs Sch., but esp. fsa- Icibs (W. *fsalciV} pot -cloth (to take pots from the fire), *re - cib* C., also *lag-cib* id.; hence prob. mig -Icibs, resp. spyan- Icibs eyelid; mig - gi Icibs- for sty, wisp in the eye, and perh. from some remote similarity syo - Icibs, sgoi ya - Icibs the lintel or head-piece of a door; nya- Icibs fishgills, Lex. and Cs.; b. contrivances to facilitate the handling of different ob- jects, as: the handles of pots and vessels, the handles, hilts, bows, ears, loops etc. of knives, scissors, pincers and other work- ing-tools. ^'^T lcu-ba v. ycu-ba. Iciig-pa Cs., mnyen-lcug Lex., flexible, pliant; a supple branch; Icuy-lcinj byed-pa to bend repeatedly Cs.; leug-ma a root-shoot of a willow or a poplar-tree, a rod, switch; *wg-gu* C. the bud of a twig; Icug-prdn a thin branch or twig. Uugs, gri-yi Icugs Lex. w.e. leun-ka = skyun-ka, jack-daw. lcun-mo thimble Glr. ' Icud-pa v. ycud-pa. um j\li : s kyan even if one knows but a little Mil. ; yid smon ^os ca tsam mi -/-dd-bas it being not in the least desirable; ca-rdzogs being complete in every part, entire, integral Sch. Esp. 2. the half, ndm-gyi ca stod, the first half of the night, ndm-gyi ca smad the second, the last half of it. Hence 3. the one part of a pair, similar to ya, lham ca yciy the one boot; ca sgrig-pa to pair, to match, to couple Sch. ; an equal, a match, ca-mfun-pa, ca- drd-ba, C. also *ca-lon-wa*, similar, resembling Wdn. and elsewh.; la-Id fdr-pa ca-mfun dye-ba med some have no virtue befitting (i.e. leading to) final salvation Thyy.; ca-med without an equal, matchless; cd-ma-yin-pa unfit, improper, unbecoming Sch., nag ycoc/-pa ni ca ma yin not obeying will not do, is out of place Tar. 110, 11. 4. a pair, = zun Sch. ; Zam. : ^pf. 5. share, portion, lot, mfsar - sduy bltd - bai cd - nas mnyam being equal as to their (respective) share of beauty Glr. ; dmdn-ca O dzm-pa to choose the humbler (inferior) share, i.e. to be humble,= dmdn-xa O clzm-pa Mil.', in general : ca O dzin-pa c. genit. to adhere, to be attached to a person or thing Pth.; zin rmo-ba nai ca yin ploughing is my business, my lot, my department Zte/f. ; cd-la equally, in equal parts, equally divided, tfd-ba nyin dgu mfsan dgu bobs, cd-la nyin mfsan bco- brgydd babs Mil. there was a fall of snow (luring nine days and nine nights; it fell equally portioned out to days and nights, (together) eighteen (the peculiar mode of reckoning is here to be noticed). II. news, intelligence, notice, construed like ryyus and ytam; yfdm-ca d-m-soii* go thither, or that way! *'d-ru ma ca* do not go to this place, do not step this way! to travel, *gydl-la* (or de-mo, ydg-po) ca zig* I wish you a safe journey, a pleasant trip to you! *log-te cd-ce* to return, to go or come back; *tih-la cd-ce* to follow, to come after or later; *ca cut/* let (him) go! give (it) up! let (it) alone! to be gone, consumed, spent, used, wasted, *sii> mdii- po ca yin* a great deal of wood will go, will be consumed. 2. to become, grow, get, turn, *fsan ca dug* it grows night, it is getting dark; *gas cd ce* to grow old; *ndg-po son* that has turned black; *ses-Kan cd-ce* to get information; also with la: * bag -ma-la cd-ba* (= bag -mar O gro-ba, ^yur-ba) to become a bride Ma.; *mdn-lami ca* this is not used for medicine. 3. with a supine (#.) or a verbal root (col): to be about, to be on the point, to be going, sleb-tu cd-bai fse when they were on the point of arriving Mil. ; nyi-ma O cdr- du cd-ba dan when the sun was just going to rise Mil.', *me si ca dug* the fire is on the point of going out; *nad zi ca dug*, the disease is decreasing. 4. with the gerund it expresses a continuous progress, a gradual operation, an effect by little and little, *cu pel-te ca dug* the water increases from day to day. 5. with the inf. it is used in the sense of the future tense, or like the Greek iisllsir: to intend, to purpose, *ci srid-de dir srih-ce ca dug* how long does he (do you etc.) intend to stay? *nam lug sdd-ce ca dug* when are you going to kill the sheep'? x -,q' cd-bu, a kind of little ornament worn ^ in the ears Ld. x/qr- ca bydd 1 . thing, implement, instru- ^ ment, e.g. a musical instrument DzL, a surgical instr. Med. 2. clothing, dress, mi-sdiiq-pai ca-byad- can poorly clothed, ragged Mil.; external appearance, also of animals. ca-tsdm v. ca 1 , 1 . ca-fsdd = cag-fsad. ca-fsdn species, division, class Sch. ca- dzin v. ca I., 5. ca-rdzogs v. ca I, 1. cd-ra 1. oak, also mon-cd-ra (on account of its growing only on the southern ranges of the Himalaya mountains, inhabited mostly by Non - Tibetans) in several species, with pointed, evergreen leaves, a tree much inferior in beauty to the English oak. cd - ra preu Sch. : 'the stunted or dwarf -oak'. 2. also ca-t-i, ca-li, ca-lu, a coarse sort of blanket made of yak's hair. &Qf cd-la v. ca L, 5. cd-lag 1 . 6'. implements, instruments, required for the carrying on of a business. 2. W. things, effects, luggage. - 3. Tar. 43, 18: cd-lag dan beds -pa rdzogs-par ses-paSchf.: 'the systematic and complete understanding 1 . ca - Ian joined with rdeb-paLex. and Mil., meaning not known; Wts. gives: petite lance des bonzes. cd - lam = hd - lam, some ; for the most part, rather C. ca-li, ca-lu v. sub cd-ra. ca-lugs clothing, costume, ap- pearance. ca-sds part, portion, share, lus-kyi ca-sds a part of the body, a limb etc. " ca-hdr Chakhar, a Mongol tribe Sch. cog 153 xar <-'(/ 1 dry fodder for horses and other ' animals, as hay, barley etc.; cag- fzon trough, manger, crib. 2. the fourth finger Med. 3. resp. for shoe Glr., also pyag(-lh(ini). 4. cag-peb-pa Glr. ]>yag peb-pa. 5. the breadth of a fist, cag qan id , Mng. frq. 6. v. cdg-pa. cag-(d)krum(s) piece, frag- ment Leas., Thgy.- *cag- 1 urn-la son" C. it has gone to pieces. cag-skya-ba Sch. : 'having only one purpose, pursuing but one aim; unremitting, indefatigable'. <&ag-ga-<$og-gt (or pyag-ga- py9 ~ 9^^) various things mixed up or thrown together, medley. ' cag-griim Lex. = cag-dkrum(?). ' cag-rgydg-pa to doubt Sch. cag-cdg I. 1. with byed-pa, O debs- pa, to sprinkle, besprinkle, cm with water, Hdn-pa, lam-rnams the house, the streets B., C. (W. *cab- cab*}. 2. Sch.: cag- cag ydab-pa to starch, to stiffen. II. W. cag-cdg cd-ce* to tread, to trample, e.g. the narrow paths or furrows between garden-beds; to clap the hands. cag-cdd rent, break, rupture Sch. cag-dum fragment, piece, crumb, scrap, bit. i' cag- Q din doubtful, incredible Sch. cdg-pa 1. a large tuft or bunch of flowers, ears of corn etc. 2. pf. of J-dg-pa, broken; ma- cdg(s)-pa, and esp. adv. ma - cdg(s) - par also cdg-med- par uninterrupted, unintermitting; uninter- ruptedly ; gas - cag - med without a crack, flaw, or chink. 3. lam cdg-pa v. O cag-pa. cdy-po broken; a broken vessel, pot etc., a pot-sherd ; tsel-(po) cwj (-po) a broken dosser or pannier. cag - bu, diminutive of cag - pa } a little bunch. cdg-mo bunch, O brds-bu cdg-mo a fruit growing in the form of bunches or clusters, like the grapes of the vine, the berries of the elder etc. W. cdg-tse a small grain, e.g. of ground grits, *cdg-tse-can* granulOUS; *bdg- pe cdg-tse-can* ground grits, W.; Hind. cag-fsdd Sch.: the right measure, dug ster cag-fsdd if a sufficient quantity of poison has been administered to a person, Med. a 9 ~ $' n a wooden splint for a broken limb, *cug - ce* to put it on W. ^T cdgs-pa I. frq. for cdg-pa 2. II. vb. to be begotten, produced; ma- cdgs-pa not begotten or produced in the usual way of propagation, but = rdzus-te skyes-pa, or Ihun - gyis grub -pa Pth. frq. ; mndl-du cdgs-pa to be produced in the womb, as the foetus is; hence cags in compounds: animal, O dab-c(igs, ysog-cuys winged animal, bird; srog-cdgs in general: a living being, an animal, = sems-can; O prul-gyi fsul-cdgs Glr. prob. as much as a wonderful child, a prodigy; sin-la cdgs- pa to grow on a tree, of fruits; and in general: to rise, arise, spring up, originate, of the world, of new works, buildings, empires, customs, of eruptions on the skin; *zil- j pa cogs son* W. dew has fallen; to come forth, to appear, = O byim~ba, e.g. f od-du cdgs-pa to come to light, to appear Mil.', * nul cogs* W. sweat comes forth, breaks out, I perspire; even: rdb-tu cdgs- pa = rdb-tu O byun-ba to become a cleric (little used); cags-rdbs genesis, history of the beginning, esp. of the world; cags- fsul 1. manner of beginning, origin, pro- creation Med. '2. W. form, figure, demeanour, *cags-fsid sog-po* coarse, rude, rough. III. 1 . vb. to love, (e par), bit, - mo - la a girl; skye's-pa dan na-cun ycig cdgs-pa the mutual affection between a man and a maiden; tender attachment in gem-nil, connubial, parental and filial love, ynl-ln cdgs-pai bu-mo-mams my dearly beloved daughters 1th.; ardent desire or l<>nging 10* 154 r cad for something, grdgs-pa-la for glory; to be attached to, to cling to, e.g. lu& dan srog- la cdgs-pa to life, yul-la to one's home, to one's native country; often: to suffer one's self to be enticed by a thing, to indulge in; cdgs-par mi bya jigs-par mi byd-ste allowing neither desire nor fear to have any influence upon himself Samb. 2. sbst. love (e//// ;in infi-H- 156 cam-me ing or epidemic catarrh. 2. Cs. = O cm- pa accord, accordance. -j- cam-me slowly, by degrees, gradually Ar. (cf. cem-me). -ex' car, termin. of ca, 1. into parts, e.g. bgo-ba to divide into parts. 2. as an equal, as a match, ...la car mi pod he is not an equal to, cannot come up to ... Thgy.; . . . dan ston -prag - car mi nye prob.: he does hot come up to ... at all (lit. not for the thousandth part) Pth. ; so in a similar manner: brgyai car yah mi sleb Tar. 3. affixed to numerals, and sometimes, though less correctly, writ- ten car, q.v. The terminations of the cases mag be affixed to it: Ina cdr-ayis every fifth day Thgy. rx* car, also car-pa, 1. rain, car cen-po a plentiful rain, car drdg-po, or drag- car a heavy rain; car cen-pas or ce'-bas as it rained heavily Pth.', car Jbebs-pa to cause to rain; car O bab it rains, W. * car- pa yon* ; cdr-qyi rgyun a sudden or violent shower of rain Tar. 2. at Kyelang for watering-pot; this utensil having never been seen there before, the word was at first applied to it jestingly, but is now gene- rally adopted; cu-fsdg 'water-sieve 1 would be more correct. Comp. car-skyibs a shelter, pent-roof, pro- tecting from rain. car-fcebs dress against rain, rain-cloak. car-can, cdr-ldan rainy Cs. cdr-cu rain-water. cdr-dm rainy season. car - O dod (-byeu) n. of a bird, water-ousel. car-sprin a rain-threatening cloud. *car-bhi*(?) C. rain -cloak. car-rlun rain and wind Cs. * car -sin* = car-skyibs W. car-len the coping or water-tile of a wall Cs. cal, sku-cdl resp. belly, abdomen, Cs. JMrxpr cal-cil Lex., wavering, fluctuating Sch. >> cal- col Tar. 184, 20 = O cal-la- col-le. Ml-<*r brddl-ba to spread equally, uniformly (vb. a.) cds (Sch. cds-ka) cf. ca III., 1. thing, tool, requisite etc., se-mo-do-la sogs- pai cds-kyis brgydn-te adorned with or- naments of pearls and other things Mil.; clga-ston-gyi cos rgya cen-po grand festival arrangements; cos de-mams bsiy overturn the whole affair! Glr.; bag-mar rdzon-bai cos things to be given to her as a dowry Tar. 121, 5; Icdgs-cas iron tools or uten- sils; ltd- c as food; dmag-cas military stores, requisites for war Pth. ; O fso-cas provisions Mil. ; lag - cas tool, instrument Cs. 2. dress, garment, po - cos man's dress; cas- gos, W. *gdn-ct*, coat, dress; in a more general sense: appearance, form, shape, bud- med - kyi cds - su bydste appearing in the shape of a woman Glr.\ Mr- cos byed he puts on a Mongol dress Ma.; bu-moi cds- su zugs he puts on a girl's dress, disguises himself as a girl Glr., Pth.', cos sayur-ba to put on, to assume another dress. cds-pa, originally the pf. of cd-ba, but always used as a separate vb. 1. to set out, set forth, depart, cos dgos-par as I must depart from here Thgy.; bod- du cds-so they set out for Tibet Glr. ; dus- ycig-tu cds-so they departed at the same time DzL; cds-su Q )ug-pa to send away, dis- patch; mg yogs-cos yton-ba to rush, run to- wards. 2. to set about, to begin, ysod- par to kill; ^gro-bar cds -pa -las when he made arrangements to depart DzL ; also in the following manner; da pyir O d6n-no zes cds-pa 'now we will return' they said, making preparations, or: saying thus, they made preparations DzL; fugs cds-so he had set his mind on departing Mil. CS ^ cb" ci num. fig.: 36. a-ka wallet, knapsack W. ci-tra W. variegated, figured, of fabrics. ci-li-li onomatopoetic word for snuffing up scents by the nose; *zim~zim di-ma ci-li-li Kyer* C. sweet odours of cakes are meeting us; me -tog dri-ma ci-li-li the perfumes of flowers are per- ceptible Mil. cg 157 ^_. 2% = ^ one, as the first part of ' compound numbers : cig-bcu 10, cw- brgya 100, ciy-ston 1000, cig-Kri a myriad etc.; also: cig-rkydit Lex., Schr.: 'separate, single, one alone 1 ; cig-skyes Med., cig-tdn Med.? cig-fiib n. of a plant Med.; Sch. also: cig-fiib-pa to be able to do a thing alone; ag-dril Sch. : rolled, wrapped, packed up (in one parcel or bundle); cig-ldb byed- pa to talk to one's self, to hold a soliloquy Schr. cin(s) v. cid-pa v. pyid-ba. equal, uniform, suitable Sch. 8b& (-pa) resp. horse, riding- horse, saddle-horse, cibs-la Jib- pa (for rtd-la zon-pa) to get on horseback, to mount; to go on horseback, to ride; abs-las yzol-ba to dismount, *cibs zol-la nan* C. may your honour please to dis- mount; Ky6d-kyi cibs-su Jbul I give it you for a riding-horse Mil. Comp. cibs-ka Jcrid-pa to lead a horse by the bridle Schr.; cibs-tta fub-pa to have the command of the bridle, fig. : to be ex- pert in ruling Ld.-Glr. p. 14, a, ScM. where pyifjs is incorr.). cibs-cds a horse's fur- niture, harnesses. cibs-fur the head-piece of a bridle. cibs-dpon a master groom, equerry. cibs-rd a stable for horses. ' cu I. num. fig.: 66. II. sbst. (resp. cab) 1. water; cu dan sai bu is said to be a poetical name for wood; Jbdb-cu lit. descending water, viz. brook, river, also rain. 2. brook, river, cu Jrydm-po overflowing rivers, floods Ma. fdn-cu a river or rivulet of the plain; ri-yzdr-cu cataract, mountain torrent Glr. - 3. water in the body: snyin-cu dropsy in the pericardium, pdgs-cu anasarca Med. ; pdg&-cu-zugs one suffering from anasarca; v. also cu-ser; esp. euphem. for urine; mi- cu urine of men, bd-cu of cows Med.; cu ni cu O dra the urine is like water Med. 4. v. cu-ze/i. Comp. cu-ktini river, e.g. uj.. Sch. : 'bittern, snipe'; also n. of a plant. cu- skyur 1. Lt. : acidulous mineral waters 2. C.: vinegar. cu-skyes 'water-born', the lotus Glr. cu-skyor a handful of water. cu - Ka the bank or brink of a river. cu-Kug bay, gulf. cu- Kur containing water, po. for cloud; a native proposed to use this word also for sponge, which is a commodity hitherto unknown in Tibet. cu- Uyil puddle, pool. cu-gdn 1. full of water. 2. cu-sgdn (v. sgaii) which latter is prob. the more correct spelling. 3. Dzl. ??sS, 2; %&?, 18 = ^nsf virtue, honesty, v. Schf. on this passage. cu-gri a sort of knife; Tar. 43, 1 Schf. razor; also the attribute of a god, a weapon with a curved blade Stg. cu-grog Sch. : rivulet, brook; dish-water, rinsings; boiled water (?). - cu - ingo C. source or head of a river. - cu-gdgs stoppage or retention of urine, ischury, cu-gdgs O bigs the ischury is re- moved (lit. bored through") Med. cu- O grdm bank of a river; cu-grdm-gyi sin a tree on the edge of a river, a me- taphor for frail and perishable things. cu-rgyun the streaming, continual flow- ing, current, often fig. cu-saon the wa- ter-egg, po. for moon Sch. cu-nogs v. nogs. *cu-ta-gir* W. flour-dumplings, boiled in water. - *cu-stdn* W. swaddling- cloth. *cu-fda* W. calamus, sweet-scented flag, or some similar plant. cu - turns Sch.: 'a swelling in the flesh, or a tumour filled with water'. cu-mfd the side or bank of a river, *cu-fd tsug-pa* (the ava- lanche came down) even to the river side. - cu-ddr Wdk. a small prayer-flag stuck up close to the river, in order to avert in- undations. CH - o&m(0 1. the noise made by thunder, by the shock of an earthquake etc., Jbrug-sgra cem-cem sgrogs-pa the rolling, roaring, clapping of thunder; bzad-gdd ^.ur cem-pa a roaring laughter. 2. fcra cem-cem v. /,'rd-bo. 2cjy' &/ terrain, of &, cer O gro-ba to grow, increase; &r skt/e-ba to become great; to grow up, cer skyes-pa partic. grown up, adult; da-dun cer foti go on! go on! Mil.; ryyal - srid byd - ba cer ma byun Glr. his government was not (yet) of much con- sequence (as he was too young); nes-pa cer med this is not quite evident to me Mil; perh. Tar. 36, 16; 101, 22; 120, 21 ; 169, 14 will allow a similar interpretation of cer. cer-na S.O. yea; still more (?). ces 1. instrum. of ce. 2. pf. of ce- ba, as adv. very, Ka-zds nan ce's-kyi as the food is very bad DzL; ces sgrin-pa very prudent or clever Sch.; ces ddr-bar gyur-to it spread very much Tar. ^ es ~P a 1- pf- f ce-ba to be great, ha-can yan ces-so he is much too great DzL; dmag-dguit ces-pa a great army; dbaii, ces-pas being very mighty Glr.; car ces-pas as it rained heavily Pth. ; dga ces- nas greatly rejoicing Mil. 2. to believe, but only when preceded by yid (resp. fugs), or bden (col.), c. la, also c. accus., or par, that, Dzl. ?vS, 18. " co 1. num. fig.: 126. 2. as a word for itself seldom to be met with, e.g. Ld.-Glr. Schl. fol. 13, 6, Tar. 129, 20; signification not clearly to be made out. *co- med-pa* C. = don-med-pa to no purpose, vain; fickle. vr_. co-ga (fofv) tne wa Y or method of ' doing a thing, e.g. of solving an arithmetical problem Wd/c., of curing ma- ladies $. co -iies, lamentation, wailing, esp. lamentations for the dead, dirge, O debs - pa DzL , O bod-pa, O don-pa in more recent literature, byed-pa Sch., to lament, wail, cry, clamour; with la to cry to a person; the crying of a new-born child Ttyy. - prul magical trick, jugglery, often put to rdzu-Qprul, also used of the apparitions and doings of goblins Mil. Cf. rdzu- prul. co-ba to set on (a dog), co-co-ba to set on repeatedly Cs. co-Jyrdn(s) Mil.-, Cs.: the mother's family or lineage; co-rigs DzL frq. Cs.: 1. the father's lineage, descent by the father's side ; 2. an honourable extraction. co-ris Mil., frq. == co-rigs, also applied to things, e.g. a cane: co-ris ye-nas btsun-pa a cane of an excellent kind, not coming from any mean or noxious plant. co-lo 1 . die, dice, game at dice. - 2. seal(?) co-lo-mKan a dice- player Cs., co-lo rtse-ba to play at dice Cs.; co-lo-ris Glr. the figure of a die, a square figure, in Glr. 47,9 the Mongol translation substitutes a wheel, v. K6r-lo; a checkered colouring or pattern, e.g. of cotton cloth C. "rn' cog 1. for co-ga; bon- cog Mil. the ' ceremony of the Bonpos. 2. v. ^cog- pa. 3. v. cog-pa. cog-pa vb., sbst., adj. 1. to be suffi- cient, sufficiency, sufficient, ccdpir: iied-la de-kas cog it is sufficient for us, we are satisfied Mil. ; dris-pas (instr. of pai} cog-go DzL %&?, 10 (there has been) enough of asking, = don't ask any more! gdn-du bzugs kyati cog-par O dug it is suffi- cient (for him) wherever he may live, i.e. he is satisfied with any place of living Mil. ; ned-la nor &>//s-,sy//"a yod we have money and goods enough Mil. ; O di yn-ffin - ^////.s cog - na if these three are sufficient for you Mil.: rln-po-c^ cng-j>nr 11 162 cogs-pa col-zdns gyur-nas when they had precious stones enough Dzl. ; O di-tsam-gyis cog-pa ma yin- no that is not enough, that will not do Dzl. ; sgdl-pa mi brgya zon cog-pa his back (is) large enough for a hundred men to ride pn it Glr.; adv.: cog-par sufficiently, e.g. sbyin-pa to give Dzl. ; *ma cog-pa* or *-ga* W. (col. for cog -par'), *duh-ce ma cog - ga sad son* he not only struck but killed him ; pyin-pas cog-gi it being suffi- cient (for the present) that I have come Mil. ; fams-cdd-la cog-par gyur - te as all were satisfied Dzl.; cog -par O dzin-pa to deem a thing sufficient, to be contented or satisfied with it; cog ses-pa vb., sbst, adj. to be contented, contentment, content; ltd-bas cog mi ses-pai rdzas a thing at which one cannot look enough Glr., Pth.; yo- bydd-kyi (better kyis) cog ses-pa easily satisfied as to the necessaries of life. 2. to be allowed, permitted, at liberty, con- strued in the same manner: Krid-pas cog you may have lessons with me, I will instruct you Mil; ^gran-pas cog I am quite at liberty to compete with you, we may safely compete with each other Glr.; O fso- ba drdns-pas cog you can have meat set before you Mil.; with a root: bu byin cog then you may render up your son; hence it is in W. the usual word for run - ba, *ndh-du ca cog-ce yin-na man* is it allowed to enter or not? *srdd-ma za cog* eating pease is allowed, also: pease are edible; *le-na Kyon cog ka tan* he issued an edict, that it should be permitted to fetch wool, i.e. he (the Maharajah of Kashmir) per- mitted the export of wool; *Ub - na pul cog when it arrives, I shall take the liberty of sending it to you. cogs-pa seldom for O cdg-pa to be broken Mil. con, mcon a transparent, va- riegated, half- precious stone brought from India to Ld. and considered less valuable than yzi; perh. cornelian or sardonyx ? &- cod 1. C. the cutting off; deciding; *tal- ' co' gya cem-pojhe'-pa* to bring about a great remission of taxes, *bhu-lon-co'* re- mission of debts; *sa-co' gya cem-po jhe- pa* to make a great way; cf. however pyod. 2. partition-wall Sch., cod rgydg- pa prob. to construct a partition-wall. 3. v. y cod-pa. 2fr'T cod-pa 1. to be cut off, Idm-sgo ynyis Kd-bas cod-de both approaches being cut off or obstructed by snow Mil.; bead kyari mi cod-do impossible to be severed, caedendo non caeduntur, Glr. ; mi-cod-rdo- rje a diamond that cannot be cut to pieces, an epithet of a firm unbending king Pth. - 2. to be decided, settled, fixed, gon-fdn dpydd-kyis (or pas) mi cod Glr. the value (of the stone) cannot be fixed, though one should attempt to apprize it i.e. it is in- valuable, priceless; go cod-pa v. go. cdd-po W. 1. split, cut through; 2. distinct, of words or writings. %- con 1. W. (cog. to cudT) useless, to ' no purpose, rin con son the payment has been useless, thrown away; gen. adv. * con-la* gratuitously, in vain, for nothing, * con-la Kon-ce* to hate without cause or reason; * con-la ddd-ce* to sit idle, to spend one's time unprofitably. 2. tent (?), con- fag tent-rope Mil., con-piir tent-pin. com(s) 1. robbery, corns -kyis zas O fsol-ba to live on robbery Ma.; com-po robber Dzl., com-po rkun-ma robber and thief, gen. com-rkun, com - rkun - gyi ^igs-pa fear of robbers and thieves ; com- rkun-pa id. Stg. 2. imp. of joms-pa. cdm-pa to be finished, accomplished, W., *fo-re torn yin* to-morrow it will be finished, *da com son* now it is done, completed; cf. cam. col 1. inconstant Cs.- dpyid-col fickle spring- weather. 2. Cs. : for co-lo in compounds, rus-col a die made of bone; sin-col a wooden die; dun-col shells used inst. of dice(?). col-kaSch. : 'a hole made by a blow; a nest'. col-zdns a shallow shore Sch. 163 cos (v$l) ! doctrine, a particular doctrine, tenet, or precept; ysdn-bai cos sig an esoteric doctrine, a mystery ZteZ. ; Kydd-cos for Hyad-par-can-gyi cos a peculiar, distinguished, sublime, and there- fore difficult doctrine; ^ig - rten - gyi cos brgijad the eight doctrines or principles of the world (though frq. mentioned, I found them nowhere specified) cf. Fou- caux Gyatcherr., Translation p. 264; cos- brgydd-mEan, a man of the world, worldling Mil. More esp. 2. moral doctrine, whether any separate dogma, or the sum of various doctrines, religion in general, both theoreti- cally (system of morality, ethics) and prac- tically (faith', exercise of religion); Wa- co's the religion of the gods or (Buddhist) deities, i.e. the Buddhist religion, as the only true one, in opposition to all other heresies and false religions (log -cos), as well as to irreligiousness (cos ma yin-pa); lea-cos profession with the lips, hypocrisy Glr. ; Jcrig-pai cos-la brten-pa those prac- tising the religion of voluptuousness (an expression designedly forcible, like St. Paul's: 'whose god is their belly 1 ); mi- cos v. below; cos O cdd-pa, or bsdd-pa, ston-pa, smrd-ba, sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi sgrog-gUn mdzdd-pa Glr. to expound, to teach, to preach religion; cos smrd-bai Zdl- la ltd-ba to watch the mouth of the preacher Pth.; *co dog- pa* C. to read a religious book; *cos sad -Kan* W. a preacher; cos O cdd-pai O dun-fi,dn place where sermons are delivered, church DzL; cos nydn-pa to hear religious discourses DzL ; cos zu- ba to ask for religious discourses; partic.: one eagerly desiring or asking for religious instruction, an inquirer Pth., Mil.', cos byed- pa to act or live religiously, righteously, ~ cos bzin-du byed-pa; also merely to wish to become pious, to strive after piety; fcyed snyin-nas cos byed-na if you are in good earnest about religion, if piety is the aim of your heart Mil.; lastly in a special sense: to become or to be a monk Pth.; cos -la sems sgyur-ba Mil. to show an inclination for religion, to turn religious; cos-su, or cos -la J)ug-pa 1. vb. nt. to enter into religion, to be converted, also : to go over to a religion, to turn (Buddhist), 2. vb. act. to convert, to turn a person from a bad life to a good one, to make him a believer, to make another a convert, a proselyte; cds-/a ^dd-pa = ^jug-pa 1; cos spyod-pa to practise religion; the exercise of religion, worship S.g.; bka-cos the word of Buddha, the doctrine as taught by Buddha himself; rtogs-pai cos Thgy. the knowledge acquired by meditation, inde- pendently of books, scarcely different from nes-don, or non-ses; bstdn-pai cos Thgy. any knowledge derived from other sources. - 3. in a special sense the religion of Buddha, Buddhism, ddm-pai cos, and frq. dam -pa cos id. (cf. 1} TIIOTIS Acts 6, 7); cos dan bon Buddhism and Bon - religion Mil.', cos-la Idn-spyod-par O gyur-ba to live in the enjoyment of true faith. 4. re- ligious writings, and writings, books, literature in general, in as much as the Tibetans derivate every science from religion; bon- gyi cos fams-cdd all the Bon- writings Mil. 6. custom, manner, common usage, fashion, mi-cos manners of the world Mil.; mi-cos- kyi dus-su as long as he lived according to the ways of the world Mil. ; yul - cos- kyis according to the custom of the country DzL; kydd-cos the way of distinguishing, of pointing out the characteristics Glr. (cf. under 1); nature, quality, DzL 9L^ 18 cf. cos-nyid. 6. substance, being, thing, cos fams-cdd mi-rtdg-pa yin-gyi as every thing existing is perishable DzL Other philo- sophical expressions containing the word cos v. Was. (296). Comp. * 6s-skad* W. book -language, as opp. to pal - skad. ; >'i reading- desk, lecturer's chair, pulpit /*/<.; reading- table, school-desk. fos-fcrims v. /r////.s. cos-tinms-pa v. dge-bskds. cos- kor vulgo prayer -mill; the column of disks on the mfod-rten Pth. v. K6r-lo 2, also K6r-lo extr. cos-f/rd school. cos-(kyi) rgydl (-po) 1 . honorary title of kings deserving 164 well of religion. 2. = ysin-rje Schl. Buddh. 93, 3. also as a p. n. cos-rgyud religious tradition, also = confession, creed, rje-btsim- gyi cos-rgyud O dzin -pa - mams those em- bracing the religious tradition of his re- verence, his fellow-believers Mil. ; cos-rgyud ycig-pa one confessing the same faith or religion Thgr. cos-can 1. pious, devout. 2. v. cos 5, jig-pai cos-can yin having the properties of perishableness, being subject to the law of mutability Thgy. cos-rje 'lord of the faith', viz. 1. Buddha Lex., 2. devout or righteous lord, title of honour given to distinguished scholars Tar. transl. 331, and elsewh. ; perh. also = cos-rgydl. cos-nyid i. = cos 5, quality, nature, rgyd- mfsoi cos-nyid-kyis in a manner peculiar to the sea, Dzl vSC, 9 (112, 9?). 2. philo- sophical term: existence, entity, = de-bzin- nyid (ace. to Thgy.} by which the Buddhist however means a negation of being, non- existence , non - entity. cos - stegs W. -- cos-Kri. cos-ston religious festive enter- tainment given to saints Glr. cos-drd/'/- po righteous with regard to the laws of religion (adopted by Prot. Miss, for the scriptural term 'righteous' or 'just'), cos- drdn-ba justice, righteousness. cos-Id an = Ms-can. cos - sde convent, monastery, Wdk., Glr. cos- pa a religious man, a divine, a monk. cos-spun a religious brother; such brotherhoods e.g. are formed by two devotees, before going on a pilgrimage. After having been consecrated by a priest, who consults the lot on such an occasion, they owe hospitality and mutual assistance to each other for life. cos-spyod exercise Of religion; cos-spyod-bcu = dge-ba-bcu. cos-sbyin is said to be frq. used in book- titles : bkra-sis-lhun-po-nas cos-sbyin O dzad- med spel pyir bris written from Tashilhunpo as a religious gift for infinite increase and blessing. cos-blon a pious functionary or official (bdud-blon an impious or wicked one) Glr. cos-ma a religious woman, a nun 6s. cos-med without religion, irreligous, wicked. cos-myon religious frenzy, W.: *cos-nyon zugs* he has become deranged, mcig his brains are turned (in consequence of meditating). cos-zog priestcraft Mil. '<= cos-lugs religious party, denomination, sect. *cos-sem-can* W. inclined to religion, pious. cdd-pa Lex.: = 'tomb, sepulchre; = pramarita Ssk. killed, slain; mcdd-pa-med-pa entire, perfect; mcdd-par byd-ba = mahiman Ssk. greatness ; also the magical power of increasing size at will'. m ^ an *' *^ e s ' t ' e ^ ^ e ' }reas ^ m wn- gyi bu bosom-child, darling, mcdn- gyi mcis-brdn bosom-wife (cf. our 'bosom- friend'); mcdn-du O jug-pa to put into one's bosom Glr.; mcdn-lhiii arm-hole, arm-pit, often = mean; mean-Hun yyds-pai rtsib- mai bar nas (the Buddhas are born) from between the ribs of the right side (cf. mnal); * can-da* W. pocket, in clothes, cf. dku-mda. 2. v. the following article. jX(T*q' mcdn-bu 1. apprentice, bzoi in a ' - handicraft, trade or art, rig-pai in a science, disciple 6s., sgya-ma-mKan- gyi appr. of a juggler, conjurer Zam. - 2. yi-ge'i mcdn-bu words or lines, printed or written in a smaller character than the rest, and inserted in the text (called md- yig 6s.) like our parenthesis, but without brackets; hence 3. note, annotation (Sch. also: testimony?). jS|._. mci-ba, eleg. for 1. to come, to go, sldd - bzin - par mcio I shall come later Dzl ; to appear, used of a god ; skydbs- su (to put one's self) under the protection of another person, ccd.; O bdns-su mcio 1 will obey Mil. 2. to say, zes mcio thus he said. &jJ&*&T m M~ ma -> res P- spyan-cdb a tear, J)yin-pa\ d6n-pa Glr., bldg-paDzl., ytdti-ba Mil. to shed (tears); skem-pa to dry up tears 6s. ; O pyi-ba to wipe off tears 6s.; mci-mas brndn-ba to be choked with tears, to sob violently Sch. jrxqr mcig 1. 6s. a stone for grinding ' spice etc., a mortar; mcig-gu a small mortar Sch. , a pestle Cs. 2. the nether mill -stone, mciy-ma the runner or upper mill -stone, Sch., nicig skor-ba to grind Sch. 165 meed mem-bu Cs. = O cm-bu. a-mctd, ysuti-mcid, W. *mol- ' c?d* resp the talk, discourse, speech (of an honoured person) 6s.; mcid-ldn answer to such speech Mil. ^fepT m n -P a , resp- sku-mcin the liver; mcin-dri, mcin - n the midriff or diaphragm; mein-/i-a liver-coloured; mcin- ndn 'liver - pressing', first breakfast, be- cause according to popular belief water rises from the human liver in the morning, which is depressed and appeased by taking some food; mcin -nan byed-pa to break- fast. fishing-hook Dzl, mcil- pas nya O cdr - ba to fish with a hook, to angle Cs. 2. a little bird, W. *ct-pa*, Ts. *cil-pig; ci-pa sky a -wo* W. sparrow; mcil-Kra sparrow-hawk; mcil- mgo a fabulous stone, like a bird's head, supposed to possess a variety of marvelous qualities. SlS&TSr m ^~ ma 1- W. *mcil-mdg*, resp. fyags-mcil, Ijags-cdb spittle, prob. also other similar fluids Lt.; O dor-ba (W. *pdn-ce) to spit; mcil-lud ( W. *mcil-ldud*) morbid saliva, e.g. of people affected with a cough or with hectic fevers; meil-sndbs prob. id.; mcil-snod, resp. zal-bzed, spitting- box; mcil-zum, mcil-bkdb W. slavering-bib or cloth. 2.=mcil-lhdm Tar. 72, 9? &|Jaj-aj&!- mcil-lhdm shoe, boot, mcil-lhdm ynyis O dor-ba to lose both shoes Wdn. mcil-lhdm -mKan shoemaker, cob- bler, seller of boots; mcil-lhdm-gyi yu-ba the leg of a boot Cs. 5|e^f*r mas-pa 1. also mcis-ldgs-pa, eleg. for yod-pa, to be, to be there, to exist, du mcis how much is there, how many are there? 6s.; su-la ddm-pai cos mas -pa whoever has the holy doctrine Dzl.; yul dbus-nas mcis-so (he) is (comes) from the country II Dzl. 2. pf. of mci- ba 1. lam Hn-po-nas mcis-te having come from afar. 2. zes mcis-pa so-called. - ele g- dwelling, abode, domicile ; also when speaking modestly of one's own dwelling: bddq-gi mcis-brdii my humble roof Dzl. 2. Lex. wife, partner. 5$&W mtis-mdl bed, bed-stead Cs. ^.mcu 1. lip, ya-mcu upper lip, ma- 3 mcu lower lip ; mcu btud mfi'as Wil. prob.: one must be wise in lowering the lips, i.e. one must yield, giving up pouting; Ka-mcu, resp. zal-mcu \. lip 2. word, voice (?) Sch. 3. quarrel, strife, ka-mcit, rgyal-pdm ji-ltar byuti ze-na if one asks, which are the details of the quarrel ; *kam- cu jlw -pa* C. *gydg-pa* Cs. to quarrel. 2. beak or bill of birds, mcu-la fogs-te O gro-ba to fly, carrying something in the bill S. 0. ; mcu-lto (or cu-mdo ?) W. id. 3. n. of one of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu-skar. Comp. mcu-skye muzzle Sch. mcu- sgros v. s^ros. mcu-fdr Sch. (prob. a. mis-print for mcu-for) pustules, tubercular elevations on the lips. mcu-ritis long- beaked, n. of a bird, and also of an in- sect (a large musquito). 3^*q- mce-ba, Cs. also mce-so, corner-tooth, canine tooth, eye-tooth, fang, tusk of an animal, mce-la ytsigs-pa, W. *ze-ce*, to show one's teeth, to grin; mce-ba-can-gyi sde the class of the tusked animals, viz. the carnivora (lion, tiger, leopard), and the tusked pachydermata (elephant, boar etc.). , sku - mctd, meed - Icdm, resp. i for spun, brother, sister; meed j-nyis my two brothers Dzl. ; srds-mo Uta-lcdm meed bzi four princesses, sisters; del meed his illustrious brother, in reference to a king, prince etc. Glr.; esp. of gods: wr/ sa a P la ce for walking, L&r.r., Cs. Qxr"r|" O cdn-ba, pf. beans, fut. bean, imp. cb/j(s), 1. to hold, to keep, to take hold of, skrd-la by the hair Mil. O can- zuns handle, crook of a stick, Mil. 2. to carry, to wear, to carry about one, e.g. amulets etc. - - 3. (yid - la) to keep in memory, in one's mind. 4. to have, to assume, e.g. the body of a goddess, of a Rakshasi Pth. Qx^j-^r O cdns-pa W. a (closed) handful e.g. of dough; *cdits-bu* a clod (of clay), a snow-ball etc. formed in the hand. cdd-pa I. pf. cad, vb. n. to ycod- pa, like cod -pa, to be cut into pieces, to be cut off, to decay, dum-bur (to fall) to pieces Med.; to cease, end, Stop, of diseases Glr., of life Lea;.; to cease to flow or to blow, of water or wind; to die away, to become extinct, of a family, a generation; to be consumed, of provisions Pth. of bodily strength Thyy.; to be decided, Kyod - kyis bsdd - par O cdd - na you being determined to kill me Dzl. - II. pf. and fut. bsad, imp. sod 1. to explain, <6g-tu Q cad it will be explained below Lt. iiid - la bi/os siq dan bsdd - do * O & / give heed, and I will explain it to you Sty.; O cad nydn-pa to listen to an expla- nation Sch. ; O jig cos ftam, O cdd-pa to teach the transitoriness of existence Sch. (?) 2. to tell, to relate. O cdb-pa, pf. bcabs, fut. bcab, imp. cob to conceal, to keep secret, O cdb- pa-med-pai sems a candid mind, open- heartedness Stg. (cog. to ^db-pd). O cdm-pa I. vb. (pf. beam Lex.}, also adj. and sbst. to accord, to agree, agreeing, agreement, srid-la mi pam- pas as they did not agree about the go- vernment Glr.; O cam byed-pa to make agree, to reconcile Mil., *cam mi cam* col. they do not agree; Ka O cdm-pa to agree upon, to concert, e.g. an escape; Ka O cdm-par by concert, unanimously. II. 1. to dance, O cdm-par byed-pa Sch. 2. a dancer, Uro O cdm-pa a dancer with a frightful mask; gar - O cdm(s) a dance; O cdm-po a dancer Glr.' O cam-dpon leader of a dance; O cdm-i/ig book or programme of a dance. ,' ca Ld., Sp. cupboard. o cd-ba I. pf. bcos, rarely O cas, fut. bca, imp. cos, to make, prepare, construct, but used only in reference to certain things; 1. ynas, vulg. fsati, O cd-ba Pth. to prepare a place, house or abode, to settle; mal O cd-ba to make a bed or couch Cs. ; dmay-scfdr Q cd-ba to pitch a camp ; Krims-ra O cd-ba to establish a court of justice Glr. 2. rgyal-Krims O cd-ba to draw up a law, to give laws, frq. 3. dam O cd-ba to make a vow, to promise, assert, protest, frq.; yi-dam O cd-ba id.; also to utter a prayer; dam -bca v. sub dam. 4. skyil-kriih cd-ba = skyil-kruu byed-pa, v. skyil-ba. 5. bio-}- tad O cd-ba, c. c. la, to place confidence in. II. to bite, fdg-la fcig O cd-zin zd-la to bite and devour one another Dzl.; so O cd-ba to bite with the teeth (?) Mng., or to gnash or grind the teeth (?); sin O cd-ba to gnaw at a piece of wood Stg. Q.XX' Jij;* Q va>r-rgydn, or ^car-can a present given reluctantly Sch. (?) o &f. - ba, pf. sar, to rise, appear, become visible, of the sun etc., also of the sun's appearing above a moun- tain, from behind a cloud etc., frq.; to Shine, gans-ri-la nyi-ma sar-ba the shining of the sun upon a mountain covered with snow, a snowy mountain lit up by the rays of the sun Glr. ; yzugs - brnydn mi O car-ba the not appearing of the image which is formed by the reflection of a mirror (as something strange and surpris- ing) Wdn; yzugs O cdr-ba byed-pa to cause an image to be reflected (in the water); ' Jdl-ba 169 dpyid-ka sar spring has appeared; frq. of thoughts: nydms - su, or yid - la O cdr - ba (thoughts) rising in one's mind; yid -la sar kyan Mil. though I can figure it in my mind; grogs-su O car (they) appear as friends Mil. ; rgydn-du O car Mil. it turned into a blessing. O cdr-sgo thought, idea, conception, O cdr-sgo Jbyuti an idea comes, a (happy) thought, a (new) light, bursts upon me Mil.; O car-ga Mil. the rising, the rise. O cdl-ba, secondary form to O col- ba II., 1. Cs.: to fluctuate men- tally; in this sense prob. Zam. ytad-med O cdl-ba to fluctuate, to waver, without aim or object. 2. to be confused, in disorder. smra- cdl, also Q cal-ytdm smra Lt., as a morbid symptom, prob. he raves, he talks nonsense. 3. morally : tsul - Krims O cdl-ba S.g. to break one's vow, bsldb- pa to act contrary to the doctrine, to violate it Tar.; in a more restricted sense : 4. to fornicate, to commit adultery, bud- med smad- cdl byed-pa a whore, harlot Mil.; O cdl-pa, -po lecher, fornicator Stg.; O cdi-pa-rnams-kyi fsig obscene language, mentioned as sub-species of kydl-ka; O cdl- mo whore. *cal-la-col-U* W., cal-col Tar. 184, 20 confusedly, pellmell. o $i-ba, pf. si, 1. vb. to die, of a flame: to go out; ran O co I will seek death Dzl.; O ci-ba yin he dies, will die S.g.; O ci or si-ba-las so's-par O gt/ur-ba Dzl. to be saved from imminent danger of death (but not: to rise from the dead); O ci-bar byed-pai cu water causing death Sambh.; si-bar gyur-to they perished Pth. 2. sbst., the state of dying, death, O ci- ba tsdm - du O gyur - ba to die almost (of grief etc.) Mil.; dus-min O ci-ba nyun-ba yin premature death rarely occurs Sambh.; O ci-ba nam yon ca med Mil. when death will come one does not know, ( W. *si-ce* to die; death; *si son* he has died, *& yin* he will die). Comp. O ci-Ka Cs. : 'the very act of dying,' but I doubt whether such a sbst. exists; I only know the adv. O ci-fcar at his very dying, at the point of death Mil., when being exstinguished Glr. (v. liar sub Ka IV. 4, 5), and O ci-ka-ma 1. adj. dying, dud- ^gro ci-Ka-ma a dying animal Glr.-, 2. sbst. the dying, O ci -ka- ma -ru = ci- Kar (doubtful) ; O ci - kar and O ci - gar may be incorrect spellings. O ci-ltas, more rarely O ci(-bai) rtdgs forebodings, foretokens of death Med. O ci-bddg the lord of death, perh. = ysin-^rje, but it seems to be more a poetical expression than a mythological personage; O ci-bddg bdud id. O ci-ndd a disease causing death, a fatal disease Tar. O ci-ba-po Cs.; a person dying (?) Jci-dba^-med^-pa) immortal; cf. si-ba. - Note. O ci O p'6-ba is prob. only a rather incorrect, yet common expression for fse O po-ba to change one's place of existence, to transmigrate. ^ i d(^'P a to b | nd Sch -> P rob - an incorr. spelling for O k'yig-pa. f - b ?: J 8 ;?" L vb., pi. bctns, tut. bciri, imp. O an(s), W. *cin-ce*, to bind (in ge- neral); to fetter (a prisoner) DzL; to bind or tie up, to cord, a bundle or package; to tie round, to put on, a girdle Glr.; to bind up, to dress, wounds; fig. to render harmless, to neutralize, paralyze, esp. by witchcraft, to exorcise, frq.; bcins O grol-ba to untie, to loosen, to take off the dress- ings Lt. II. sbst. any binding-material 1. ribbon, mgul-cit'ts necklace, neckcloth, neckerchief. - 2. fetter, shackle, also fig. for magic curse, anathema. 3. string, tie. 4. cramp, spasm C. o cm - bu a spurious, glass jewel (Schf. Tar. 142, 9); bsam-yas- cm-bu p. n. Ma. %K s )-P a , P f - *&* fut - *>"*>> imp. tibs resp. to ascend, to mount, a horse or carriage, rtd-la, or more correctly cibs-la, to ride, to proceed on horseback. O-P to be full > to set full Sch, 11* jfor-ba O c6l-pa r -&<*> evidently a present-form of the pf. cir-ba, to press, to squeeze. _ jp-jn* O cu-ba I. ace. to grammatical ana- ^ logy 1. vb. n. to j-cud-pa, to be twisted, distorted, pf. O CMS. 2. sbst. cur- vature, crookedness, distortion. 3. adj., more frq. O ci'is-pa crooked, wry, fca- cus Wdn. the mouth being wry, distorted Lt.; also obstinately perverse; &g.yig- Q cusMed, frq., prob. = team-log. .II. pf. bcus, fut. 6cw, imp. cws, W! *CM- &?*, 1. to lade or SCOOp (water), cu-mig-la cu to draw water from a well Dzl.; cu- fom water- conduit Sch. 2. to irrigate, to water, zin a field Cs. (?) in. ndn-gyis O cu-ba-la Tar. 127, 6, when he was pressed hard, was urged with importunity; (this signification, however, seems to rest only on this passage). % -P a t be mistaken Ptk., \. cog wall O cun-pa, evidently vb. n. to ojun- pa, hence 1. to be tamed, subdued, made to yield, stobs-kyis by force, Ids-kyis by hard work. 2. to confess Cs. 3. to wrap or twist Sch. 4. to fix Sch* - 5. to fix one's self Sch.- O cdl-sar O cun en- tangled in vicious indulgences Sch. ^0)-?> I- to wish, to long for Lex. 2. to shrink Cs. O ce-ba } pf. bees, Q ces (Sch.), fut, bee, imp. ces, 1. to assure, to pro- mise, Kas O ce-ba Lex., resp. zdl-gyis ce - ba id. 2. resp. for smrd - ba, like also O cdg(s)-pa, pf. bsags, fut. bsag, imp. sog, W. *sdg-ce*, 1 . to cleave, to split, sin wood ; sog-ks O ceg- pa to saw Sch.; O ceg-byed (a thing) that cleaves, a hatchet 6s. 2. to confess, to acknowledge; v. also bsdg-pa and sog -pa. O ced-pa an incorr. form of cdd-pa or , pf. 6cms, fut. to chew Jlfcd. QXQT'n* ^-* Cs. 1. to believe, give cre- dit to; blo- W-ba(?) col. id. - 2. Zrfosa?. - zen-pa to wish (?). O cdn-ba. coms-pa 1. = O cdm-pa Gl>'. and L&zvr. 2. vb. n. to jams-pa 4 W!, *rfa corns so* now it is done. mc&r-po. . o cor-ba I. vb. n., pf. sor, 1. to escape, slip, steal away; to drop from, ston-mo sor-gyis as the meal escaped him, as he was deprived of the meal Dzl. ; rtsa-Krdg O cor-ba hemorrhage, bloody flux Med.; bkrag- cor without splendour, lustre- less; nor O cor the money is gone, spent, lost Thgy.; sdom-pa O cor the duty is vio- lated Glr.; me-la, cu-la O cor-ba to be con- sumed by fire, carried off by water; *can mi fun de - ne lea mi s&r* W. I will not drink any beer, then the mouth cannot run away, i. e. then no indiscreet words will escape my mouth; to flow out, to run, of a leaking vessel, to run over, of a full one. 2. to come out, to break out, frq. of fire ; Jcrug-pa sor a quarrel, a war broke out, also of water breaking through an embankment etc. 3. to go over, to pass, from one person or thing to another, rgydl- sa Bod-nas Me-nydg-la sor the supreme power passed from Tibet to Tanggiit Glr. ; yzdn-gyi dbdn-du sor then I shall get into the power of another Mil. ; rkun-ma-la sor it became the prey of a thief. 4. W. to run away, flee, escape, elope, inst, of O br6s- pa, *sw-te ca-dug* he retires, falls back. II. vb. a., pf. (6)sw, fut. fsw (?) 1. to pursue, chase, hunt after, ri-bon rgyas hares by means of nets; nya O cor-ba to fish Dzl.; C's. also to strain (?); Jco-r-sgeg a seducer; a swaggerer Sch. (cf. sgeg-pa). 2. to light, kindle, set on fire(?) O c6l-pa 1. disorderly, dissolute, im- moral. 2. disorderly action or conduct, dissoluteness, O col-pa sna-fsogs spydd-pa committing several acts of im- morality Wdn. Kro-bo- 6l-pa n. of a demon. (Cf. O col-ba II). 171 ol-ba . pf. ,f to entrust a person with a thing, to commit a thing to another's charge; to make, appoint, de-la rgydl-po O col-lo they made him king Pth.; btsun-mo-la rtd-rdzi bcol - lo they made the queen tend the horses Glr.; fab- - t yog O col zig he may be employed as a kitchenboy, scullion Pth.\ dban-med-du O col-ba to make one powerless, to compel by authority Glr.; bcol-bai ynyer Lex. manager; O col-bai no Lei: intercessor; pi-wdn-la ram- degs bi'61-nas glu blahs she sang with accom- paniment of the guitar (lit. committing the accompaniment to the guitar) Glr.; *kyab col-la* (for O col-du) *yon-ce* W. to place one's self under another man's pro- tection. 2. to commit, commend, recom- mend, Ids O col-ba to commission one with an affair or transaction; resp. prin(-lai) O c6l-ba, though prin (-las) seems to be sometimes a mere pleonasm: ban -so yul de'i lha-srun-mams-la prin-bcol mdzdd-do (the king) recommended the sepulchre to the tutelar gods of the country Glr. ; *col- te bor-ce* W. to deposit a thing for tem- porary keeping. II. = O cdl-ba 1. Cs. to change, to turn aside (?) 2. to be thrown together con- fusedly, e.g. of the loose leaves of a (Ti- betan) book; O col-bar byed-pa to put in disorder, to confuse, to confound Ma.; dge-sdig ^col-bar O gro virtue and vice are confounded Ma.; *'i le-ka col dug* W. this affair goes wrong, turns out badly; in a special sense: to rave, to be delirious 6'.; * col -lab gydb-pa* C. id.; *nyid-M lab -pa, gyag-pa* C., to talk confusedly whilst being heavy with sleep ; *col-Ka* C. senseless talk; *c6l-Kan-ni fu-gu, col-tug* W. being of a mixed race ; illegitimate or bastard child, bastard. 3. morally: to break a vow; *a-ne col son* he has broken his vow on account of a woman, i.e. by having married. O col-ma Cs.: 1. a thing committed to another's care. 2. a sly, crafty woman, Sch. a dissolute woman. - J'6s-pa I. pf. bcos or 0 - -..^__.. jus - legs 1. Sch.: 'possessed of NS good manners, of propriety of conduct, decent, agreeable; jus-bde sincere 1 (?) _ 2. Cs. clever, skilled, able, experien- ced. *zih-gi le* in agriculture, *mag* in military matters C. c je 1. num. fig.: 97. 2. a particle, used for expressing the comparative de- 173 mug gree of an adj. or adv., and esp. a gradual growing or increase, often with termin. or la: je man O yro (they) go on increasing or multiplying in number Mil. ; je ysdl-du son it has become more and more clear or evident Thgr. ; gen. repeated : je nyeje nye son-ste going nearer and nearer Mil.] )e cun je cun-la son, also je cun je nyun Mil. less and less; sometimes also for the superlative degree, Cs. : je ddn-po the very first, also Lex. 3. je-ziy a little while, = re-zig Lex. 4. Bhar. 14, Schf.: 'an adhortative particle, often connected with a vocative'; Sch. has: je Kyod 'now you, you first!' 5. = dbyans Lex. gTjo 1. num. fig.: 127. 2. v. the fol- lowing word. ^^ jo-bo (^n%) 1. C. the elder brother, also *jo-jo* and ^d-jo* (the latter also in W.), resp. jo-legs. 2. lord, master, esp. nobleman, grandee, W. *jo*, yar-lun jo- bo Glr. the lord of the manor of Yarlung; *ti - nan jo* W. the nobleman of Tinan ; )o-jo min-po my noble brothers (says a princess) Glr. ; in C. used as honorary title for noblemen and priests, in W. also for noble Mussulmans; in ancient times for certain divine persons, and idols, par- ticularly for two, famous in history: jo-bo mi-skyod^rdo-rje , and tsan-ddn-gyi jo-bo, also jo-bo sd-kya, jo-bo rin-po-ce v. Glr. jo-mo 1. mistress, the female head of a household, a woman that gov- erns as mistress of her servants Dzl. - 2. lady, esp. a cloistress, nun Mil.; in W. frq. - 3. goddess (cf. sub jo-bo 2), jo-mo sgrol-ma the goddess Dolma Glr. 4 p. n. jo-mo-lha-ri one of the highest moun- tain summits in West-Bhotan, usually called 'Chumulhari'; jo-mo-Ka-nay another summit in southern Tibet. tnjal-ba, imp. m)ol, 1. to meet c. dan, = O p'rad-pa, without any respect to rank, Mil. often. More frq. 2. resp.: to obtain access to an honour- ed person ; zal - dnos - su mjdl - bar yod he (the incarnated Buddha) may perso- nally be seen and spoken to Glr.; to wait on, to pay one's respects to a person, yah dan mjal O fsdl-lo I will pay a visit to my father Dzl.; pyis myur - du nij<'il-(tl mjug-la, at the end of the eighth month: 174 in general mjug-la, mjug-tu adv. and postp., = mfar, at the end of, at last, behind, after, with the genit. inf., or the verbal root, gen. opp. to mgo. mjiig-sgro (W. *jug-ro*} lower or inferior part, underpart, buttocks (cf. yzug); mjitg-to id. mjug- btdg (for bteg). and mjug-ldeb W. wagtail. mgo-mjug above and below Dzl. jqg:- mje, resp. ysdn-^)n)e, f^f, ffTfi the penis ; Zam. avoids the term by making use of circumlocutions, others employ it, esp. Med. ; also in vulgar use; mje lan-ba erection of the penis; mje sbubs-su nub the penis recedes; m)e-mgo glans penis. mje^lig the penis and testicles. mje - subs the membraneous covering or sheath of the penis. m)ed-pa, Zam. ^ suffering, en- during, bearing patiently ; Cs. : ob- noxious; mi-mjed prop.: free; gen. the world, the universe, ace. to Buddhistic ideas; except in the last mentioned sense the word seems to be little used. QCT'^T 3 ( ty~'P a > P f - W s > C*-> Sch - : to establish, settle, fix, found; hence prob. bde- )dgs and Kris- Jags, Jags-Kns (Lexx. and elsewh., but not frq.) time of prosperity, of peace, of rest, a time without disturbances, war, epidemies etc. (fen's by itself is not known). 3 a 9-P 1- Lex- = klu, or n. of a Lu, also Jog-po. 2. vulgo = ydg-po. QFOTJT J a g- /nia 1' Sch.: a sort of coarse and thick grass of inferior quality; so Pth. of a hut: Jdg-mas pub-pa covered with such grass. 2. Lex. ^r;W a fragrant grass, Andropogon muricatus. 3. Glr. : a blade (of grass), stalk (of com), Jdg- ina rei sten-na on every blade, ku-sai ojdg- ma pon cig a bundle of blades of Kusha grass; ^ag - rgod Sch. horse-tail, pewter- grass, Equisetum. 4. Sik. squirrel, perh. = bya-ma-byi Sch. (?). Jags, v. sub jdg-pa. ' J d ff s -P a V. to give, to make a present Georgi Alph. Tib. dn-ba to devour, swallow. Sch. n - mo co sort, husband, wife G. jdn-sa, v. cn-sa. -^j- Jdb-pa, pf. prob. bzabs, fut. bzab, to sneak, slink, creep privily; to lie in wait, in* arabush, tse-la Jdb-pa to attempt a person's life Pth.; *pdg-ne jdb- te sad tdn-ce* W. to assassinate; Ihog jab byed-pa v. Ikog; jdb-bus ma byin-par len- pa Thgy. to steal clandestinely. Cog. to O cdb-pa. " jdb-tse nippers, tweezers. jam-mgon = Jam-dpdl. * W., *J dm* C. col. (opp. to rtsub-pa, rtsin-ge) soft, smooth, tender, mild, e.g. of cloth, hair, a meadow, a plain without stones or rocks, of fruit, the air, the cha- racter of a person, a person's way of speaking (nag C., *pi>-ra* W., *pe-ra jdm- po dan* with mild expressions, fair words, in a friendly manner), of a law; of bever- ages: weak W.: of a (hay-)rake: close W.; *)dm-po ndb-ce* W. to mow off close ; jam- Jbud blowing or playing (the flute) softly, piano; Jam-rttt Med., seems to be a kind of medicine \*jam-sdii* W., C'., plain, without ornaments. * jam-dpal (*T3T?ft) Jam-mgon (^TT^), Jam(-pai}-dbydns one f tne two great Bodhisattvas of the northern Buddhists, the Apollo of the Tibetans, the god of wisdom, demiurge, and more particularly the tutelar god and civilizer of Nepal (v. Kopp. II, 21), in- carnated in Thonmi Sambhota, and after- wards in kingKri-sroii-sde-btsdn and others. Cf. spyan-ras-yzigs. for fug-pa, soup. Jam-mo post-stage Sch. Ja-fson rainbow frq., splendour 175 Ja-ba >W-pa of the rainbow /%.; Ja-fson yal-ba the vanishing of the rainbow frq.; Ja-lus \. lus. Ja-ba 1. also Ja-mo Sch. lame, gen. za-ba; Ja-bar byed-pa to make lame, to lame (/. 2. to bespeak, to concert, to confederate Sch. Qpn-^j- ja-sa, Ja-mo, edict, diploma, a permit 6s., who declares this word to be Chinese. J ar - ba Lex. w.e., ace. to Cs. = O byar-ba to stick together, to cohere. 3 a l-ba-, pf- bcal, fut. fzal, imp. Jol, W. *cal-ce*, 1. to weigh, Jal- byed sran (a pair of) scales for weighing Lea;., srdn-la fzal-ba Glr. 2 to measure, rin - fun - fsdd )dl - ba C. to measure the length. 3. to appraise, to tax; to weigh in one's mind, to ponder; more fully ex- pressed by blos-Jal-ba to understand Sch., although native grammarians refer this signification with less probability to mjal- ba. 4. to pay, pay back, repay, bu-lon a debt, skyin -pa a, loan , Krai a tax ; to retaliate, return, repay, esp. with Ian: pan- Idn ynod-pas or Ugs-pai Ian nyes-pas to return evil for good. The following is a Buddhist principle of law, butprob. existing only in theory: dkon-mcog-gi rdzds-la Kri Jal, dge- c dun-gyi rdzds-la brgyad-cu Jal, pdl-pai rdzds-la bdun- gyur no brgyad Jal divine or sacred objects are to be repaid or made good tenthousandfold, things or property of the clergy eightyfold , of ordinary men sevenfold, and besides the object itself, hence eightfold 6'.; in Glr. there is the following passage: brkus-pa la brgyad Jal nos dan dgu. 5. often erron. for mjdl-ba; thus prob. also in: Jal Jbul-ba to bring a present Sch. (more correctly : a present of salutation). Jdl- Ka the act, or business of measuring 6'. 2. Lex. and 6s.: = Jim -pa. 3. 6s. = Jam -pa soft, smooth. 4. Sch.: disgusting, nasty, e.g. of a fishy smell. ojiy-rtfa (receptacle of all that is perishable) 1. the external world: a. ace. to the common (popular) notion: the whole earth, the universe, Jig-rten- na dkon-pa, what is rare, the only thing of its kind in the world Dzl.\ Jig-rten- gyi lha the god of the world, a deity of the Bonpos Mil. ; Jig-rten-las O dds-pa one that has escaped from this world, one emancipated, blessed 6s. b. the external world ace. to Brahmanic and Buddhist theories, as set forth: Kopp. I, 231; jig- rten-gyi Kams id. Glr.; Q )ig-rten cdgs-pa origin, beginning, ynds-pa duration, Jtg- pa destruction , bzdg - pa arrangement of the world, cosmography (title of a volume of Stg.) Jig-rten ysum the three worlds, earth, heaven, and hades; Jig-rten (jsiim- gyi) mgon-po (Trilokndth Hind.) lord or patron of the three worlds, which is also the title of the third of the three highest Lamas, viz. of the Dharma Raja, residing in Bhotan, v. Cunningh. Ladak 371 ; Bud- dha Sakya-fub-pa seems to have the same title, Pth. c. fig. : bde-ba-can-gyi jig-rten,* or bde-^ro mfo-ris-kyi O jig-rten the world of the blessed, like our 'heaven', but of rare occurrence. 2. world, in a spiritual sense, ^ig-rten-gyi byd-ba worldly things or affairs; Jiy^rten-la dgos-pa (or pan- pat) bsldb-bya useful maxims of life, moral rules Glr.; jig-rten-gyi cos brgyad, v. cos; Jiy-rten byed-pa short expression for Jig- rten-gyi las byed-pa Mil 3. symb. num. : three. Jig-rten-pa 1. an inhabitant of the world, or the inhabitants of the world, the world as the totality of men, and more particularly of the worldly-minded; Jig- rten-pa ni ma-dul-ba yin-pas as the world is unconverted, in which sense also jig- rten (by itself) seems to be used. 2. a layman. ^~P a L vb - l - act - P f> b ^ fut - fzig, imp. (&)%, W. *sig-ce, sig tdh-ce*, to destroy, buildings etc., frq.: to cut to pieces, to divide, e.g. a killed animal W.-, to ruin, to annihilate, existing institutions or things, also other people; to abolish, annul, a law II'.: to dissolve, an enchant- ment; to lay aside an assumed appearance or manner (= to unmask one's self) Mil. ; to break, violate, one's duty, a vow, D:l. : 176 jigs-pa rma - )ig Med. was explained : healing wounds, Jig-par bi/ed-pa = Jig-pa, frq. 2. vb. n. pf. bzig, and more frq. zig, W. *zig-ce, zig cd-ce*, to be ruined, undone, e.g. by mischief-making people DzL; to fall to pieces, to decay, to rot, of the human body etc.; to be lost, to perish, Jig -par sin-tu sla (earthly goods) may be easily lost again Thgy.; to vanish, disappear, Jig (or zig)-par O gyur-ba id. ; sem zig son W. he was quite dejected or cast down; zig j'sos byed-pa B., C., *zig-so (or -sob') co-ce or tdn-ce* W. to 'restore from destruction', to rebuild c. dat. frq., also c. genit. Pth.', prob. also c. accus. 3. to suck, draw out moisture Sch., v. Jib-pa. II. sbst. decay, destruction, ruin, entire ovei throw, skye-ba dan Jig-pa kun-la srid- na as it is the lot of all men to rise and to decay DzL; lus-kyi mfar Jig-pai Itas symptoms of the final decay of the body *Wdn.; * can-la Koi zig-pa yod* beer proves his ruin, beer is his destruction W.; Jig- pe co-den* C., Jig-pa-can Cs. frail, perish- able. III. adj., but only in conjunction with a negative: mi- Jig -pa imperishable; mi- Jig rtdg-pa as explanation of a synonym Lex. <3w s -P a L vb - (tfO res p- tsdbs - pa, to be afraid of a thing, is gen. connected with the instr. (lit. 'by'), in later literature and col. with la, srin-pos Jigs-sin from fear of the Rakshasa DzL', de-la na mi Jigs I am not afraid of that Mil.; in W. frq. in conjunction with *rag*: *K6-la Jig rag* I am afraid of him; also relative to the future, like dogs-pa: yi-ge mans -pas Jigs - nas = man - gi dogs - nas, fearing lest there should be too much writing, i.e. from want of room Pth.; Jigs -su- run -ba dreadful, frightful, frq.; *Jig-te ddr-ri spe-ra zer-ce* W. to speak trembling and shaking with fear; *mdn- po jig son* W. I am very much afraid; Jigs-par ^gyur-ba to be frightened, Jigs- par byed-pa to put in fear, to frighten. II. sbst. (Hfa) fear, dread, srin-poi Jigs-pas from fear of the Rakshasa DzL jm-pa 9VQ-, 14 (unless srin-pos ought to be read, as above) ; Jigs-pa brgyad the eight fears of life (so among the rest: rgydl-poi Jigs- pa the standing in fear of the king, who in the East is always supposed to be an arbitrary despot); mi- Jigs-pa 1. fearless- ness, intrepidity; mi- Jigs-pa sbyin-pa to impart intrepidity; mi- Jigs-pai lag-pa a fearless hand, heroic vigour. 2. pardon, quarter, safety Cs. Jigs (-pa)- can Cs. 1. fearful, timorous. 2. dreadful, frightful (I never found it used in this sense). III. adj. 1. (fearing) fearful, timorous, Jigs-pai ^gro-ba-rnams timorous beings Pth. 2. (feared) dreadful, frightful, Jigs- pai mfson-ca dreadful weapons; tiyod-pas lhag-par Jigs- pa yod there is something even more formidable than you are DzL Comp. bdr-ds-la Jigs skyob-mai smon- lam a prayer efficacious in the Bardo- horrors Thgr. Jigs-skrdg fear; also a terrible object, Jigs-skrdg-tu son he has been changed into a fright, a monster Mil. ; * Jig -tag torn -pa* C. (lit. bton-pa) to frighten, deter; intimidate, threaten; Jigs- skrdg-pa to fear, to be afraid DzL J*(/ s - mican col. timid, timorous. Jigs -can v. Jigs -pa- can above. Jigs -cum -pa v. cum-pa. Jw 8 (-p a ^)-p one afraid Cs. (?) Jigs-byed one that is terrifying Sch., appellation of Yamantaka, who is invoked, e.g. in drawing lots.' Jigs-brdl, Jigs- med fearless, intrepid, bold; also noun pers. - *Jigs-ri* W. fear, terror, *Jig-ri fsor- ce* to be afraid, *jig-ri kul-ce* to frighten, to menace, to intimidate. Jigs-sa Mil., Jigs-sa ce it is a very dangerous quarter or region, in that place there is much occasion for being afraid. Jin 1. ace. to Cs. = mcin, klon, e.g. rgyd - mfsoi; Sch. : mfso - Jun the whole circumference of a lake; prob. more corr.: the middle, Lex.: Itts-Jdm Jdg-po mfso- Jin Jug the smooth-bodied Lu alights in the middle of the lake. 2. srod-Jin Lex.; or srod-byin twilight. Jin-pa, also mjin-pa, neck, resp. sku-Jin; *)in-pa gyiir-ce* W. to 177 turn or move round (as vb. n.), *jin-pa (jyiir-te Itd-ce* W. to look round, or back; *jin-pa cdg-ce* W. to break one's neck; *)in-pa zum-ce* W. to hug, to embrace; Jin-kyoy a wry neck 6s.; Jin-kuh the nape of the neck Glr.\ Jin-ltdy the back part of the neck 6s. - J*'*( 8 )-p (.Seh. also O ng*-pa) pf. bzibs (jzibs\ fut. bzib (yzib\ to suck, e.g. of a suckling baby; metis with the lips Lea;.-, k'rag Jibs-pa to suck blood Lex.- to suck out, in, or up, to im- bibe, absorb, also to blister, jib - man W. vesicatory. jib-rtsi 1. Cs. a kind of sirup. - 2. Wdn. a medicinal herb. J* m -p a B>> C-i a compound of earth and water, mud, clay, loam etc. (W. *kd-lag*)-, Jim-skon a small cup of clay, a crucible Cs. ; jim-yzugs a figure formed of clay Glr.', rdd-rjei Jim -pa v. rdo-rje. JiLba, pf. btil, fut. fzil, to expel, eject, remove, turn off, pyir Jil-ba Lex. id., e.g. noxious animals, vices etc. J u -t> a I- vb - I- pf- Jus, to seize, grasp, take hold of, c. dat., dprdl- bai mdd - la Ju - ba grasping the arrow sticking in his forehead Glr.; ycig-la fdg Ju-ba taking firmly hold of each other (in a storm at sea) Glr.; to seize a per- son (in taking him prisoner) Pth.; Idg-pa- nas to grasp by the hand, to shake hands (in greeting) Dzl. 2. pf. bzus, fut. bzu, W. *zu-ce (or)u-ce?)* to melt, to digest, zas Ju-ba to digest the food; Ju sld-ba digestible, Ju dkd-ba difficult of digestion ; *ra )u - ce* W. to digest intoxication , to sleep the fumes of wine away; Ju-byed a sort of bile, the bile as the promoter of digestion Med. Cf. zu-ba II. II. sbst. 1. digestion, Ju-ba slao the digestion is in order, is easy Med.; Ju- stobs cuii the digestive power is weak Med. - 2. a flea Sch. = Ji-ba. Juy, sometimes for vnjuy. <-'*- entrance, way of access, to a tank or river, Ghat (Hind.'). aRcrrq- JW, I. pf. and imp. zugs, W. *zuy-ce*, vb. n., 1. to go or walk in, to enter, Kdn-pai, or cut ndn-du Jug- pa to go into the house, or into the water; ryyd-mfsor Jug-pa to put to sea, to set sail Dzl.; Idm-du Jug -pa to set out, to start, to prosecute a journey; *mdl-sa-la zug - ce* W. to go to bed. In a special sense : a. of a demon, entering into a man to take possession of him, hence *(1e-zuy-Ican* W. possessed (by a demon); Jiig-sgo Med. the place where the demon entered the body. b. dge-ba-la Jug-pa to walk in the path of virtue; ace. to Schr. Jug -pa by itself, without dge-ba-la, implies the same, and in conformity with this a Lama gave the following explanation of the expression Jug-pai las in TJiyy.: works that are a consequence of having really entered upon the practice of virtue, positive good works, opp. to the negative good works of the ten virtues, cos -la Jug -pa to turn to religion, to be converted ; cos or bstdn-pa zig-la Jug-pa to adopt a certain religion, a certain doctrine, c. bud-med-la Jug-pa to lie with, sleep with a woman Mcd.\ * bar -la zuy-ce* W. euph. expression for: to commit adultery, d. *dun-du zug-ce* W. to appear, in reference to gods. e. /;/< : .s- su Jug-pa v. rjes-su. 2. to set or fall to, to begin, rig -pa sbydn - bos rtsom -pa kun-la Jug a skilled, an experienced man is prepared for anything, knows how to set about it, how to manage it Med. ; gen. with the inf. : to begin to do, to commence doing a thing, rtdg-pa-la, resp. dgoiis-pa- la Jug - pa to begin to think upon Dzl., Glr.; ston-pa-la Jug-$a to begin to show Dzl.; yciy-la ycig mam -par bi-ldg-pa-la zugs-pas being in the best way of entirely exterminating one another Sty. 3. pass, of Jug-pa II, 3, of letters: to be combined, to be preceded, to be followed, c/ ///'/ wiit- du ba zugs-can (words) having zl preceded by 6, i.e. beginning with bzl Zam. 4. 12 178 jug-pa Jur-ba to take place, to exist, ce-cun-Kydd zugs- par mhon-pas as evidently a difference in size is existing (?) Dzl V, 3. II. pf. bcug (perh. also jugs Lex.\ fut. y%ug, imp. cug, W, * cug-ce*, vb. a., with ndn-du or termin. : 1. to put into, e.g. meat into a pan, a key into the key-hole, a culprit into prison ; to infuse, inject, yzug- par bya this must be infused Med.\ also fig. *nyiu-rus cug-ce* W. to inspire with courage. In a special sense: a. de-la bio jug -pa to set one's mind on, to apply one's self to Glr. b. mi zig cos-la ^ug-pa to convert a man, to induce him to adopt a certain religion ; ^jug-pa also without an ob- ject, to missionate successfully Feer Introd. du B. au C'achem, 68. 2. to make, render, appoint, constitute, with the accus. and ter- min., or col. with two accus.: mi zig rgyal- por jug-pa to make one king Dzl.; mnon- du jug -pa to make public or manifest, to disclose, to show Samb.', *sin cug-ce* W. to clear, clarify; frq. with the supine or root of a verb: a. to cause, compel, prevail on, zar c jug-pa to prevail on another to eat something DzL; skrod-du -/zug-go I shall induce (them) to expel (you) DzL; bzugs jug rgyu yin he will induce (the god) to take his abode Glr.', ^rons-su \jug-pa to be the cause of somebody's death Mil.; yid-la )ug-tu O jug-pa to cause a thing to enter a person's mind, to put in mind, to remonstrate; ^pel-bar jug-pa (resp. mdzad-pa) = spel-ba to increase, as vb. a.; *)un cug-ce* W. to cause to exist, create, procure; *Kol jug-ce* W. = *skol-ce* to cause to boil; dar-du cug cig cause it to spread Glr. b. to command, order, bid, dmag O dzin-du bcug he ordered the soldiers to take (the man) prisoner (but he escaped) Dzl. 333, 3; byed-du jug -pa to bid one do a thing, frq.; btsun-mo blon-pos ^ebs- su bcug he gave orders for the queen being protected by the minister, c. to let, suffer, permit, smon-lam O debs-su cug allow me to say a prayer; rtsig-tu mi O jug I shall not give permission to build Glr. d. to give an opportunity Thgy. e. in a general sense: dal-du Jug-pa to do things slowly, to be slow Mil. 3. to put grammatically: snon- du Jug -pa to put or place before, siwn- Jug a prefixed letter, a prefix; rjes-Jug final letter, yah-J)ug the last but one; also to put, to use a word in a certain signi- fication, rgyu-mfsan-la jug is used with reference to cause Gram. 4. to banish, to exile (prob. erron. for spjug-pd), bi/dn- la to northern regions Glr. 5. syo jug- pa v. sgo. 6. inst. of Jbyug-pa. jug-pa sbst. 1. the going into, the entering; in a special sense 2. the beginning, the first stage of a disease Mng. 3. (^T^ffTT) th- e incarnation of a deity. PWJ*CJ' J ut ' is -P a avarice, DzL, Lex.-, Juns- N= pa-can avaricious; juns-^ur a miser, niggard. Qpr-^cj*-^- jud-mfun-ma, or jud-Jun- \s ' Na ' ma Lex. ('accessible to all') a prostitute; ^ud-mfun byed-pa to be a harlot. jud-pa, and more frq. ^ud-pa, secondary forms of O jug-pa. Cf. cud-pa, O fsud-pa. jun -pa, pf. bcun, fut. yzun (cf. bzun, zun) W. *cun - ce*, Cs. : to subdue, make tame; to make confess; W. ; to make soft, to soften, e.g. iron ; to punish, by words or blows; to convert. J*' m -P a > P f> bcum, fut. fzum, imp. cum, to shudder, to shrink. (Ace. to grammatical analogy jum-pa ought to be vb. a., to cause to shudder, and Q cum-pa vb. n.) sa jums-pa Lex., contraction of the muscles, shrinking, shuddering Sch. J ur > supine of ju-ba-, O jur mi O dod indigestible Sch. ('?). jur-ba 1. (pf. bcur, q. v.) Cs.: complication; Sch. also: to struggle against, to resist. Pth.: ^ur-bar O gyur-ba to be entangled; jur-bu Sch., * )ur-pa* C. tangled yarn ; srdd - bui jur (-pa) Lexx. w. e., Sch.: 'the tightness of the yarn'; Jjur-mfug wrinkled, as the skin is in old age Thgy. ; ^ur - mig a wire - drawing plate, )ur-mig-nas O dren-pa to draw through this plate Thgy. 2. = jlzitr-ba 179 J6ms-pa to evade, to shun, to go out of the way, Jur-med unavoidable Mil. jus, v. Ju-ba I, 1. Jebs-pa, Jebs-po, well-sounding Sty.; snyan - )ebs harmony, euphony. ^ n ^-P a h dexteritv > clev - erness Le.r. 2. skilled, clever; a i P f - bzos, ft. 620, imp. Jos, to milk, rd-ma Jo-ba to milk a goat, ^o-majo-ba 'to milk the milk'; %o'd- kyis ^6-ma bzos dug, nas ni bzos -pa med, it is you, not I, that have 'milked out the milk' Glr.; Jd(-ba)-po, J6-mKan, milker, milk-man, J6(-ba)-mo milkmaid; O dod - Joi ba a cow that is able to fulfil every wish. QEOTfl' Jog-pa I- P f - bzag, ft. fzay, imp. zog, C. col. *zdg-pa*, 1. to put, to place, e.g. the foot on the ground; also to place persons, to assign them a place Dzl, Glr.; h%.= god-pa (e.g. dge-ba-la, byaii-cub-la, byan-^ub-kyi Idm-ld) v. O ydd- pa 3; to put in order, to arrange, Jig- rti'ii-bzay-pa the arrangement (system) of the world; lus drdn-por bzdg ste sitting straight, bolt-upright Dzl, Mil] bzdg-na mi sdod if one places her any where, she will not remain there Mil. ; steh - du yar bzag (the anchors) were placed above, were weighed Pfh.; Ids-su Jog-pa to set one a task, to employ one in a certain service Dzl., rgyal-snd-la Jog -pa to ap- point one to the government i.e. to make one king; sems (resp. fugs) -la Jog-pa to take to heart Glr., Mil.-, lus-la gwi O du- ses bzdg -la if we fancy the human body to be a ship Thgy.; ndm-mKa rdh-yi ndn- du zog transfer it to the nature of the ethereal space, i.e. figure it to yourself as ether Mil. ; pyir Jog-pa 1 . to leave behind, at home Dzl.; 2. to put by, to lay aside Dzl.\ (another reading omits pi/ii"). 2. to lay or put down, a burden etc., *z6g-la soy* put (it) down and come! C.; nor (y}soy joy med heaping up treasures and de- positing them was not, i.e. was never heard of; ysdy-Jog-mttan a hoarder up, a miser Cs.; to leave, to leave behind, lay-rjes a trace or mark of activity, monumentum Glr.; to leave, quit, abandon, rdn-gi yul one's own country Glr.; poiis-par ma bzdg- par so that it is not abandoned, given up, to poverty Thgy.; *yug-le zog* C. (= *pdn-te bor*W.) throw it away! to de- pose. yi-ger bris Jog -pa to depose in writing, literis mandare Glr. ; sd-bon, ydun- brgyud Jog-pa to leave an offspring behind, to propagate the species; to lay up. to keep, as holy relics; to lay aside, re-zig zog -la setting aside, apart, for a while Dzl.; mnydm-par O zog-pa v. mnydm-pa; sgrdl- lam Jog shall we turn them out or leave them ? Mil. nt. II. pf. (b)zogs, fut. yzog, imp. zog, W. *zog-ce* to cut, to hew. to square, a pen, timber etc, ; to carve, to chip, a thin piece of wood etc. Jog-po n. of a Lu Mil, -= Jag-po. Q jon = lcon, tadpole. Jon-J 6 " col> > Sch ' o)dn-po oblong, longish, oval, elliptical. cylindric, bottle-shaped etc. ; col. also applied to stature: tall; Jon - nydms - can Wm*- pa to be quite overpowered by lust; nod Joms-pai sman a medicine for a disease (to overcome it); i-db-tu )'z6n/-/><> O di the following overpowering (chann); 180 bcom-mo an exclamation like: I am done for! periil 2. to destroy, towns etc. Glr.; bcom-la yzdg - go id. Glr. 3. to plunder, spoil, rob, O joms -pai grabs byds- pa-la as they were about to rob him Mil. - 4. to finish, accomplish W., cf. com-pa. jor 1. 6'., also jior, hoe, grubbing- hoe, mattock, pick-axe ( W. *tog-tse*}, jor-gyis rko-ba to turn up with the hoe: )or-po a large mattock, pick-axe, spade, d&r-bu a small one, a hoe; jor-yu the handle of a hoe, )or-lcdgs the iron of a mattock 6s. 2. supine of jo-ba. jol-ba I. vb. 1. to hang down. of a cow's udder, of the long hair on a yak's belly, of tails etc.; ojol-jol hanging-belly, paunch. 2. gen. Jyyol-ba to turn aside, to make way. II. sbst, also (6s.) jol-jol and -fzol- ba, train, trail; retinue 6s.; jol-gos Cs., jol-ber Wdk., Pth., a robe or garment with a train; Jol-can having a train; jol-med without a train 6s. hanging, cf. pi/an-ne, grod- pa ojol-le hanging- belly, paunch, cf. pyal Lex. .r jol-mo, ace. to the descriptions given by natives, a bird of the size of a blackbird, of lively motions and an agreeable whistling, in the neighbour- hood of Lhasa, building in willow -trees and thorn-bushes; 6s. has: a turkey-hen. xr'* rjdn-ma, or rdzan-ma, store -room rjid-pa lean 6s., gen. rid-pa. *zib - las* (?} W., service done in socage, compulsory service, in the fields, on roads etc. g=^*J" rjiid-pa, rdzud-pa, = rgud-pa Lex. ^3T rjun, nad-'rjun Mil. a disease. |vSn r )t(-bo\ also rje-u, lord, master, 1. ' ruler, king, yul-gyi rje mdzdd-nas ruling over a country, acting the part of a sovereign Glr. ; bod-Kdms-kyi r)e-bor gyur he became sovereign of Tibet Wdk.; sd-yi bddg-j)o mi-yi rje Mil. lord of the ground, ruler of the people; rje-bo dan bran, rje- I'ol Stg., master and servant; rje-blon king and minister; rje ci lags sir, what does that mean? Glr.; also a title before names, esp. names. of kings, jo-bo rje Dipangkiira Glr. ; rje-bdud rje-btsdn the gentlemen devils and the gentlemen goblins (messieurs les diables et messieurs les farfadets ) ; rje dkon-mcog-la ysol-ba O debs-pa Mil. is in fact an empty phrase in the mouth of a Bud- dhist philosopher, but may nevertheless be used in Christian language for addressing God as 'our Lord'. 2. a nobleman, a person of rank, r)eu(i) rigs, rje-rigs = rgyal- rigs the caste of nobility. rje-dpon (Lex. ^3Tnr) = rje, master, lord, prince 6s.; rje- ma, also yces-ma 6s., col. *se-ma*, a lady of rank, rje- cuii a young lady, a miss; rje-srds a young gentleman; also a term of address 6s. rje-btsun reverend sir, a title of the higher priesthood, rje-btsun-ma fern. rje-sa (or ze-sa) byed-pa to show deference , to pay one ? s respects ; ze - sai ytam, or ze-sai skad courteous words, esp. ceremonial and complimentary terms, e.g. dbu for mgo etc. W.: *yd-sa co-ce, yd-se pe-ra*. i*C^* r J e ~ ?l " r ^ e lo^ 61 " P art f tne l e & the Shank ( W. *stit/*) ; rkait-ldg rje- ndr the lower part of the arms and the legs Med. E'CT* rje-bay pf. brjes, fut. brje, imp. &/;/<. s, W. *ze-ce*, to barter, to give or take in exchange; O di-dag-gis brjeo it may be exchanged for these DzL; *zan dan srog ze-ce* W. to risk one's life for the necessary food (as thieves do); brje-byai nor articles of barter; in a more general sense: to change, to shift, miii the name, gos the clothes DzL, ynas the place, fse the life, i.e. to die 6s. br)e(-ba)-po a barterer 6s. "!* rjcd-pa, pf. and fut. brjed 1. to honour, reverence c. dat., mcdd-cin brjed-pa id. DzL; brjed-pai ^os venerable Lex. 2. to forget, frq. (cf. lus-pa); brjeJ- du jug -pa to make forget, to cause to forget. 181 r) fs Comp. rjed- nets-can Lexx. forgetful, oblivious; Cs. gives inst. of it: rjed-nes-can, but also thus no clear etymo- logical explanation is obtained. -- r)ed-cu draught of oblivion, of Lethe C's. rjed- bsnyen (etymology?) sgiig^pa technical term for the common practice of Indian servants to hide an object belonging to their master in some obscure corner, and after waiting (sgitg-pa) for some months, until it may be assumed that the thing is altogether forgotten (br)ed-pd), to appropriate it to themselves. rjed-fo list of notes, me- morandum-book, journal, diary, cash- book etc. Glr., C., W. rjed-rd6 prob. monumental or memorial stone. rjed- bydn specifications or lists of goods, pieces of luggage etc. which the Tibetans number and mark with the letters of the alphabet. rjed-bycd 1. a demon that takes away the power of memory, also rjed-byed-kyi ydon. 2. epilepsy (^nTOlT) Med. rjed- zds Cs. : 'the meat of forgetfulness'. rjen-ne-ba v. the following word. &'!' r )en-pa 1- not covered, bare, naked, B., C. (W.: *cer-nydl*), rkan-rjen (-pa) barefooted, unshod; zabs -rjen -par ydd-ba or ysegs-pa, resp., to be barefooted, to go barefoot; ydon rjen-du sdod-pa to sit with unveiled face, mgo-rjen-pa with uncovered head, rgyab-rjen with a naked back Cs. ; rjen - par O ddn -pa C. to strip perfectly ; dmar-rjen stark naked Sch. ; rdl-gri rjen-pa a naked sword; *zen-pa ton* W. give it (me) not wrapped up! sa-rjen the bare ground, not covered with a carpet 6s.; rjen-ne-ba undisguised, obvious to the understanding, manifest Mil. -- 2. raw, not roasted or cooked, sa-rjen raw meat, dmar-rjen red raw meat; mar -rjen not melted butter; nas-rjen raw barley, not prepared or roasted; also the meal of it: W. *nar-jen* barley -flour, cf. Sch.: l>r or Ijdh-yuLt, W., green (gen. expressed by noti-po, notwith- standing the ambiguity), Ijait-skyd greenish white, l)an-ndg greenish black, dark green. Ijdn-pa green corn, in the first stage of its growth (in the second stage it is Ijan-dun 183 brjod called soy-ma, in the third snye-ma}. lo-ljdn-ba having a green blade. Ijdh-bu greenness, verdure (grass, foliage, shrubs), Lex.: -^fjsf Ijan-dmdr greenish red; Ijaii- ser greenish yellow. fr-rr* Ijan-dun (spelling?), solid, not 4 hollow, W. Ijan-tyin filth, dirt, dust, sweepings; lud-pa Ijan-ljin man, a great deal of foul mucous expectoration Lt. q- l J ab W - flat > P lajn > even ; *ljab-ljdb- * ba bor* lay or put it down flat; *ljab co-te dug* sit down flat (on the ground)! -q- *>'-*> * a flea (<>-*) 2. heavy, * weighty. ljid-pa, heaviness, weight, /;/.: Ijons dan yul- K6r countries and provinces; Ijoiis cen-po a large country; Jcd-ba-can- gyi Ijons O di, ydns-can(-gyi) l)ons Tibet, frq. ; ndgs-ljohs woody country ; smdn-ljons a country of medicinal herbs Zam.; mu- (jei Ijons a very poor country, starving country Mil.; ljohs-la in the valley, in the plain; Ijons-mi-rnams country-people Cs. Ijons (-su) rgyu - ba to rove about, l)ons syyur-ba the end of the estival fast of the monks (about the end of August), when they are permitted to rove about the whole district of their monastery. |j**j' ljon-pa a country of gods, paradise ; Ijon - sin a tree from paradise , or any large and beautiful tree; Ijon-pai nags a beautiful forest. bujid. Tar. 11, 14, but more frq. yzi- biyid, brightness, splendour, lustre, gen. of gods and saints, v. yzi; also dpal-brjid Lex. ; brjid-pa to shine, glisten, glitter Cs., brjid - kyis brjid shining with brightness Lex. b'je - bo a making up, a compen- sation by barter, brje - bo byed - pa Glr t) *brje-bo gydb-ce* W., to give an equal measure in bartering, e.g. of salt for barley. brjod (cf. rjod-pa} sound; talking; speech, brjod bde-ba euphony; also well-sounding, agreeable speech ; brjod mi bde-ba the contrary ; also : *dha jo mi de* C. it is not meet now to speak about it; brjod -pa speech, utterance; miion- brjod synonymy, explanation of words; Cs. also: 'a poetical term' ; mcod-brjod praise, eulogy, Sch.: in vocation of a deity; ce-bi')6dSchr.(?), and ced-du brjod -pa, Tar. 140,2 ace. to Schf. : preface, introduction, in C. : to ap- prove, sanction, commend, Was. (270) in the title of a book: = j^M ^ w.e. Comp. brjod-bya sbst., Zam. also brjod- pa, = q \-4Ji an attribute, predicate Lex. brjod-med 1. a speech not earnestly meant, empty words, mere talk. 2. Mil.: the un- speakable, the transcendental, identified by some with the Nirvana, by others not. brjod- dod Tar. 210,7: brjod- O dod-tsam ace. to Schf. : l a mere supposition' ; but in a passage in Mil. it seems to denote the (conceited) habit of constantly proposing one's own opinion, and so it might also be understood in Tar. 184 nya nya, I. the letter ny, double-consonant, ' distinctly pronounced like n -\- y (Ssk. t?f), and used only as initial letter; there- fore differing in its nature and sound from the Ssk. -sf, though representing it in Sans- krit words. II. symb. num. for eight. III. fish (*T<^T), nya O dzin-pa, W. "nya zum-ce*, nya O cor-ba (or bsor-ba') DzL, nya len-pa (blah-bo) Pth. to catch fish; O ddm- nya Ld., an eel Cs ; rgydl-po'i ysol-nya the king's table fish Pth. IV. also nyd-cu (cf. cu-bd). 1. tendon, sinew; W.: *Kdn-pe nya (lid son* my foot is asleep. 2. col. mark, left by a blow, a weal, *nya lam* the blow has left a weal W. V. 1. the fifteenth day of a lunar month, the day of the full moon. 2. = fses ni f. : zld-bai nya drug -la on the sixth day of the month Mil. VI. nya Sch. 1. lock (?) 2. muscle Med., nya-bzi the four principal muscles, viz. those of the arms and the calves of the leg, v. also the compounds. VII. *nya cdd-ce* W. to arrive sooner by a short cut; ct. also *fad-nya*. Comp. nya-i'kydl the bladder of a fish Cs. nya-skyogs gills. nya-Krd sea-eagle, white -tailed eagle Sch. nya-Krdb-can carp Sch. nya-krab-cen sturgeon Sch. nya-Hrom fish-market. nya-gdh l. full of fish Sch. 2. full moon Cs. nya-grcl, nyai grd-ma small fish-bones. nya- gyur = nya-log 2 S.g., C. nya-rgyd fishing- net. nya-rgydb C., earth heaped up (like the back of a fish) on the top of outer walls to prevent the entering of the wet. nya-rgyds (zld-ba) full moon Pth. nya-sgon fish-spawn, roe of fish. nya- Icibs fish-gills Cs.; mother of pearl Schr. nya-cu tendon, sinew; perh. also a large nerve in the nape of the neck. nya-ddl fishing-net; *nya-dol-pa* fisherman W. nyd-dos a load of fish Sch. nya-ldir 'a muscle' Sch. nyd-pa fisherman Cs. - nya-pyis (Cs.: fish-gills) mother of pearl S.g. and col nya-mid Sch. : a sea-mon- ster (this word seems not to be generally known). nyd-mo a (female?) fish Mil. - *nya-tscl* bow -net, kiddle W. *nya- fsdg C. id. nya-fsil the fat of a fish. nya-fser fish-bones Sch. nya-fson-pa fish- monger. nya- dzin Cs., *nya-kug* W., angle, fishing-hook. nya-zdn a fish-eater, one feeding on fish Cs. nya - rus fish- bone Cs. nya-log 1. Cs. : 'a contraction or sinking of the sinews'. 2. Sik. : cholera (Urd. &AUx) 3. Med., also nya-lhog, a name for a disease. nijd-sa 1. flesh of fish 2. W. : meat cut into long narrow strips and dried in the sun, in C. *sa-bcug*. nya-ysog the fin of a fish Cs. ni/a- sdg fish-scale. nya-sog prob. the back- bone with the bones attached to it, re- sembling a saw. W" nyd-ga, nyay, a steel-yard. ft^' nyd-bo body r figure Sch. nyd-ma (Sch. : 'mistress of the house, housewife'?) hearer of a Lama, with- out being a regular disciple Mil. frq.; nyd- ma pd-mo~i'nams Mil. (cog. to nydn-pa?) wx; nyd-ra care, ryd-ra byed-pa Sch., *nyd- ra co-ce* W., to take care of, to pro- vide for a person, to keep a thing well; *nyar go* C. for nya - ra byed dgos; cf. ynyer-Ha. q.jgg'^, nya-ra-nyo-re weak, feeble, frail, e.g. of a worm Thgy. OOT nyag 1. v. nyd-ga. 2. v. nydg-ma. 3. also nydg-ga, nyag-Krdm, notch, indenture, 16-maprd-la nydg-ga-can having nyag-nyig multifid leaves, like those of caraway Wdn. ; nydg-ga med-pa not cleft, not indented. 4. of wool, nydg-tu O dren-pa to draw out into threads, to spin Mil. ocrrocrr n y a 9- n yfy t's., Sch. also nyag-nyog 1 filth, dirt. nyag-nyiiy Mil = sna-fsoys (?), of rare occurrence. ni/ag-fdg thread; chain, of gold MY., of iron Mil.] cord for stringing turkoises Mil; a cable Schr. ni J a( J- mfil sca| e of a steel-yard, nyag-rdo weight of a steel-yard. WT5MT nyag-prdn a small beam, a pole ' C's. ; an arrow ; nyag-pran-mdd ar- row Mil. nydg-ma, also nyag-re, single; nyag ycig 1. id., skra, or spu nyag(-ma) fcig a single hair, frq.; skrd-yi nydg-ma id. (a man has 21 000 of them Med.) - 2. a minimum MY. 3. Sch. also: bache- lor, old voluntary bachelor. sans-rgyas- nyag-fcig Thgy., Pth., only Buddha, or nothing less than Buddha. nydg-mo Lex. w.e.; woman Sch. * nydg-sih beam of a steel-yard. a, nydn-ge Sp. rant, Ribes. nydn-ti jRwr. thy, your(?). nydn-pa (nydn-to, nydn-tam), imp. wj/ow 1. (also, though seldom, mnydn- pa) c. dat. or accus. to hear, to give ear to, to listen (cf. fos-pa) ; slob-dpon-gyi fdd- du cos nydn-pa to attend to the religious instruction of the teacher; hag or t'sig nydn- pa Dzl., Kd - la, or resp. zdl - la, or bka- nydn-pa to obey, to yield; nas ji-ltar zei'- pai Kd-la nydn-na Glr., na zer nydn-na Mil. if you listen to my word; Tar. 14, 14; 17, 16 c.c. las. 2. to listen secretly, to be an eaves-dropper, *pag-nycn )h/-pa* C., *pag-nydn co-ce, tdn-ce* W., id.; nydn- mlcan col. mjdn (-pa) -po, fern. nyan(-pa} -mo, B., a hearer, auditor; nyan-fos id.; but esp of the personal disciples of Bud- 185 dha, the Sravakas, Kopp. I, 419; Burn. I., 296 ; nyan - fos bcu - di-uy the sixteen ynas-brtdn q.v,; nyan- fos - ma a female hearer ; Ka-la nydn-po, nydn-mkan obedient, fcd-la mi nydn-po disobedient. 3. to be able, later B., and col., gen. with a nega- tive: ^gro ma nydn-pas not being able to walk (on account of illness) Mil.; also like ma btub-pa not being willing; without a negative: *nydn yin* W. yes, I shall be able; inst. of run-ba: *za-nydn yod-na fcyon* W., bring it me, if it is still eatable. AM- nyam, also nyam-tig^ nyam-yos cricket, locust Sik. res P- %*> fuys-nydm(s) 1. soul, mind, nydms-kyi grogs com- panions of the soul, viz. the murmuring springs and rivulets in the solitude of al- pine regions Mil.; nydms-kyi can the soul's wine, i.e. religious knowledge Mil. ; nyams dgd-ba 1. well being, comfort, cheerfulness, nyams mi-dgd-ba an unhappy state, dis- comfort, nyams - dgd glit - ru blons sing a song of joy! Mil. 2. gen. adj.: agreeable, delightful, charming, nyams - dga - bai sa- ynds a charming country Glr.. 2. thought, nyams skye or sar a thought rises. 3. strength, magnitude, height, state, manner, nyams-(kyi} fsdd byed-pa Pth. (also with bead -pa or len-pa C.) to try, to put to the test, e.g. one's strength; fugs-ddm-gyi nyams sad-pa to try the degree of a per- son's devotion or spiritual progress Mil.; smra-nydmSj byed-nydms manner, and particularly a pleasing, agreeable manner, - of speaking or dealing. Other phrases are: nydms-su len-pa to take to heart, to interest one's self in or for a thing DzL, to commit to memory, to learn (v. below); nydms-su myon-ba to suffer, undergo, experience DzL; nyams nd-ba v. the compounds; nyams bcdd-pa C. to try, to examine; nyams O bru-ba C. to irritate, provoke, vex; nyams my6n-ba = nydms-su myon-ba; nyams bzdg-pa is said to be = drdn-pa nye-bar bzdg-pa, v. nye-ba; nyams len-pa 1. = nydms-su len- pa, v. above, 2. col. to measure out, to 12* 186 take the measure, the dimensions of, to survey, sa land, nor the property, to take an inventory, to ascertain or compute the state of one's property, 3. C. = the follow- ing; nyams sad-pa ccg. 1. to try, to test, byed-dam mi byed whether he will do it or not Mil., to tempt, fugs-ddm-gyi nyams sad-pa v. above. 2. to mock, scoff, trouble maliciously, provoke, irritate C. Comp. nyams -dgu v. nyams- fobs. nyams-rgyud Mil. = nyams., nyams-i'yyud- la sbydns-pa, intellectually skilled, well versed. nyams - nd anxiety, fear, dread, of a thing, with the dat. or instr. Mil', nyams-nd-las fdr-ba to be delivered from anxiety S.y. ; nyams-nd-ba vb. to be alarm- ed, to be in great anxiety Sch.', adj. dread- ful, horrible, nays-fsdl nyams-na-ba a hor- rible forest Dzl. nyams-bcdg is said to be used resp. or euphem. ior skyon, e.g. for damage done to an image of a god by water C. ; nyams- cdgs sin Schr.; in Thgr. it seems to be used in this sense. nydms- cun 1. faint, weak, languid, exhausted, by hunger, illness etc. Dzl.; poor in learning, destitute of knowledge, ignorant W. ; des- titute of money, destitute of virtue C. '2. W col. for snyems-cun. nyams-rtogs resp. knowledge, cognition, perception, nyams-rtogs sig yod, nyams-rtogs bzdn-po skye or Jcruiis, a perception, a good thought arises (in my mind); in a general sense: nyams-rtogs-kyi mfar pyin-pa to obtain perfect knowledge Mil., frq. nyams -stobs strength, zin is gone Med. nyams-ston-'/sdl v. ysdl-po. nyams-brtds byed-pa strengthening, resto- rative , nourishing Med., (but nyams - brtas he recovered, grew well, got up again Dzl.~) - nyams- tag -pa suffering, tormented, ex- hausted Dzl.', nyams-fdg-pai skad or sgra lamentation, doleful cries. nyams-fdbs, nyams-dgu Sch. : 'appearance, colour, figure, state' (?). nyams- myon Tar. enjoyment, delight, nyams-myoh ma skyes run, although I had no real enjoyment of it Milnt.; fsor- bai nyams -myon prob. perception by the senses, knowledge acquired through the medium of the senses Mil. nyams-rlsdl nydl-ba Dzl. WL-> 1 Skill. nyams -mfsdr-ba C. wonderful, most beautiful. nyams-tin a memorial verse, a rhyme or verse serving to retain things in memory Mil. n y dms -P a injured, hurt, e.g., by a fall Dzl; of lifeless things: spoil- ed, damaged C.; impaired, imperfect, stobs- nyams, dbdfi-po nydms-pa, ydn-lag nyams Lex. (as explanation of zd-bo) ; smra-nydms (the sick person) speaks little Med.; *sem- nydm son-Kan* W. discouraged, disheart- ened; esp. relative to a violation of duty, failing in, tsul-Krims (or fsul-las) nydms- pas because he has failed in, acted against the moral law Dzl.; bzod-pa nyams- par ^gyiir-bas because their patience failed Dzl.; also stained Glr., z.g.Krdg-gis with blood; nydms-par byed-pa Wdn.\ nydms-su jug- pa Glr. to spoil, deteriorate, destroy; ma nydms-pa entire, complete, untouched, un- corrupted. AT- nyar 1. v. nya-ra. 2. Cs. } also nyar- nydr, oblong. nydr-yddh W. inst. of nar-ydon, shin, shin-bone. n yul-nyil, or nyal-nyol filth, dirt, foul matter, loose and dry dirt that may be removed by sweeping Pth., Dzl. nydl-ba, imp. nyol, 1. to lie down, e.g. before a tigress Dzl. ; to lie down, to Sleep, nyal(-du) son (he) went to bed Glr.; rgya-srdii-la nyal O dug-go (he) slept in the street Glr.' mi nyal tsdm-la when people go to bed, at curfew Mil.; rta nyal byed-pa to make a horse lie down Glr. ; rarely of things : rtsva nyal the grass is laid-down (by the wind or rain) Dzl.', ra ^og nydl-bai nya so Zam. calls the let- ter rnya ; fig. to rest, bde-bar nydl-du med- do (he) had no rest, viz. from envy Dzl. ?%, 12. 2. with dan or la, to lie with (a woman) Dzl. and elsewh. 3. fig. to dwell, to live Mil Comp. ityal-Kri couch, bed, sofa C. - nyal-gos counterpane, quilt, blanket Sch. nydl-po coition, nydl-po byed-pa to practise cohabitation, mdit-J junction with fdm-pa, twenty, nyi- su-rtsa-ycig B., C., *nyi-su-nyer-ycig* W., nyer-ycig, twentyone. S^roirr nyiff-nyig W. loose, slack, lax, not ' tight or tense. Sr'm* nyin-Ku, Ssk. ?no ^ s - ' 'heart, spirit, 1^, essence', cf. snyin-po. nyin-to Sch. : sure, trustworthy, Lea;. : nyih-tor = nes-par. nyin-lag, a category not familiar to us; gen. mentioned together with ydn-lag', it might be translated by: members of a second order, parts of the ydn-lag; the exact meaning must however remain undetermined, as the Tibetans themselves are not able to give a clear definition of it. In 6'. : inner parts of the body, opp. to outer. In books, phrases like the following are to be found: ydn- lag dan nyin-lag fams-cdd dan Iddn-pa; ydn-lag dan nyin-lag nd-ba\ ydn-lag (/"/'/ nyin-lag ycod-pa; evidently the nyin-lag are smaller, but more numerous than the ydn-lag. In Pth. also nyiti-sprul is found besides yan,-sp*ul, emanation of the third order; v. sprul-pa. or*5jj(T$r5ji'n* nyih-mfsdms sby&r-ba to be re-born Stg. Sw. nyid I. self, same, opp. to other persons, ' ma nyid the mother herself Dzl. ; mi de ni rgydl-po nyid yin-no this man are you yourself, o king! Dzl.', the very, just he, just it etc., las byed-pai ynas nyid-lajust where I am working Dzl. ; dri drun-ny Ul- na (or du) close by, to, or before, hard by, Thgy.; dus de-nyiyim (q. v.): nam-pyed midnight, nam-pyed-yol 2 o'clock a. m., fo-rdns 4 o'cl. a.m. (in popular language also: *jd-po ddn-po* about 2 o'cl., *nyis-pa* 3 o'cl., *sum-pa* 4 o'cl., nam-ldns 6 o'cl a. m. (i.e. the time when the sun first illumines the mountain tops; it is from this moment, and not from midnight, that in daily life the date is counted); nyi-sdr 8 o'cl. a.m. (when the sun rises upon the valley); dros- jdm (col. *nyi-fful*} 10 o'cl. a.m.; nyin- gbh, nyi-pyed 12 o'cl., noon; pyed-col (W. *zd-ra pi-mo*} 2 o'cl. p.m., myur - smdd 4 o'cl. p. m., nyi- rgds 6 o'cl. p. m., srod- Jfdr 8 o'cl. p.m. (col. *sa-rub, srod-rub*}, srod-col 10 o'cl. p. m. (col. *ti>\-nyi'*} - thus ace. to Wdk. By adding the names of the 12 years' cycle (nam-pyed byi-ba, pyed- col glan etc. , v. the word lo} , these terms have been rendered still more con- venient for astrological calculations. Of course, all the terms given are strictly correct only at the time of the equinoxes, and deviate at the summer and winter solstices for more than an hour from the time indicated by our clocks. 2. nyin-zdg as symb. num.: 15. nyin-bzin-gyis Pth., nyin-re bzin Glr., daily adv., \\~\\\\-gyi adj. - nyin-ldm a day's journey Glr., rkan- fdn-gi, rtd^pai, lug-pai nyin -lam a pe- destrian's, a horseman's, a sheep-driver's daily march. nyin-rdiis Tar. (= fo-rdns} day-break, morning twilight Schf. sunny side of mountains. fthlJ'n* n yil-ba to decay, to crumble to pieces, of rocks, mountains etc.; rarely to run down, of tears, to flow down, of locks of hair. A^f- nyis 1. instrum. of nyi. 2. in com- pounds for ynis. ft nyu num. fig. : 68. *?>"^ nyu-ti pear IA. 189 nyug-pa 1 . to besmear, s/?os to per- fume; to rub gently, to stroke, to Sch., in this sense perh. G-yatch V9, 14. 2. to touch, = reg-pa ccd. W.; C.? - 3. to search after (feeling, groping) C's. 4. to put out, stretch out, cu-nas mgo one's head out of the water, to look or peep Out, resp. dbu nyug mdzdd-pa Glr.; nyug-nyug-pa Tar. 80, 21 to stand out, to project (Sch. : to run to and fro?). n y^ff~ rtsa ^-tog Carthusian pink C. nyug-rum, nyun-rum a eunuch Dzl nyun-ba I. adj. col. *nyuh-nu*, little; *nyun-nu zig*, Ld. col. *nyun-na- rig*, nynn-zad cig id. ZteZ. ; nyun-sds We?/?., a little, a few, some; nyun-bar byed-pa to make less 6s. 2. vb. to be little. ar*xr nyun-ma turnip, la(-pug dafi} nyun (ma) radishes and turnips Glr. nyun-Ku, nyun-loi ja turnip-soup, turnip- tea, an infusion of dried turnip leaves, much used, e.g. in Bhotan, and considered very nourishing(?). *nyun-do*C., mentioned by Wts. p. 137. as 'navets ronds', large sweet, red turnips (perh. turnip - rooted cabbage?). nyun-yzi seed -turnips (6s. turnip-seed). nyun-lo a turnip leaf. Note. In writing and speaking this word is often confounded with yun(s) mustard, so that e.g. yun-ma is said for turnip inst. of nyun-ma, nyuns-dkdr for white mustard, inst. of yuns-dkdr. nyun-rum v nyug-rum. nyfd-ba to wander or rove about, to pass privily or steal through, e.g. towns, countries, mountains Mil., burying- places, tombs (as jackals) Mil.\ (Ita) nyul- pa, nyul-mi Pth., sa-nyul a spy 6s. (Also ynyul-ba, myul-ba.} 3} nye num. fig. : 98. ?>'?' nye-ti a pear Schr. (cf. nyu-ti, nyo-ti). 5-- nye-ba I. vb., to be near, to approach, always with the supine of a verb, dus byed - du nye- bus when he was near dying Dzl.', zld-ba fsdii-du nye-bas (when she was) near the completion of the months, i e. the time of giving birth to a child Dzl., frq. ; slob-dpon jn/ir ^on-du nye-btm when the time of the teacher's return drew near Dzl. ; zin-du mi nye-ste being not near having done Dzl.', even used as follows: ynas der sleb-tu nye-bai fse when he came near the place Mil. II. adj., col. *nye-mo* near, both as to space and time, lam-nn-gi ynyen-pas Ktjim- mfses nye the neighbour is nearer than a kinsman living far off; kd-ba dan nye- bai sar at a place near the pillar Glr.; fag-nye-ba id.: ri fag -nye-ba zig a near or neighbouring hill Ma.-, standing near, fig. being closely connected with by con- sanguinity: nye-ba -mams C. relations, kindred (Dzl. 9V& ', 13 ynyen-pas prob. is preferable to mo nye-bas); allied by simi- larity : mfsdms-med-pa It'ta dan de dan nye- bai sdig-pa the five worst sins, and those coming nearest to them; near by friend- ship and affection: *nye-mo yin* W. he is closely connected with us, he is desirous to enter into an intimate connection with us; bio, or snyiii, or sems nye-ba (or *nye- mo*}, friendly, kind, amicable, bio nye-ba Itar byed-pa to affect a friendly manner Glr.; *nye - mo jhe* - pa* C. to love, e.g. parents loving their children or vice versa; nye-bai sras brgyad Glr. the eight intimate disciples (of Buddha, not historical, but mythical persons, Mandshusri etc.). III. adv. nye-bar or nyer 1 . near, dan to, dA-dag dan nye-bar Ihd-Kan bzens near to them he built a temple Tar.; nyt-bar ^dfi-ba, sleb-pa, to come near, to approach; nye-bar ^gyur-ba id , stons-su nye-bar i>'- ba dan when it was nearly empty /'///.: ddr-la nye-bar gyur-to it began to spread, to extend itself l*th.; nye-bar ymis-pa to be near, to stand near, e.g. of a star Wdn. '2. nye-bar bi/':n (jf?rtJ5?lTT. Hum. I., 190 nye-zo 626. ^gxr near, though Tibetan dictionaries write ^j^) to make use of one's intellectual powers. To do this rightly forms part of Buddhist wisdom (v. Kopp. I, 436) and instruction (Dzl. 9Q& ', 7, where Sch.'s version is incorr.), being divided into four divisions or degrees (Bum.); sans-rgyds- la dkon-pai O du-ses nye-bar bzdg-pa to apply to Buddha the notion of rareness Tar. 5, 13. 4. intensely, urgently, speedily, jigs-pa nye-bar zi fear is speedily allayed Glr. ; nadnye-bar O fso the disease is speedily cured Thgy.; nye-bar len- pa Mil., Thyy. to seize eagerly, to strive for earnestly, to aspire to , esp. to the re - birth as a human being; cf. also nyer -len; nye-bar mtfo-ba of urgent necessity, frq. Tar. nyer O pel it increases rapidly Med. IV. sbst. v. nye-sin. Comp. nye - slew Sch. nye - K6r those about US, the company around us, Kyed- rdn - gi nye-Hdi*-gyi Idom -bu-ba a beggar belonging to the people around you Mil. ; esp. relations, kindred, des nye-Kw yan sugs-kyis yon in this way family- connections are formed of themselves Mil. nye- mfcon = nye-rin Cs. (?) nye- grogs neigh- bour, fellow -creature Cs. nye -car now Sch. nye-dag Cs., nye-du, and most frq. nye- brel (ynyen - O brel} kindred, relations (these being considered a main obstacle to moral perfection, they are to be shunned accordingly). nye-ynds disciple, kyed- hyi nye-ynds bgyio, nye-ynds-su mcio I wish to become your disciple Dzl. nye- fsdn, nye-rigs relative, kinsman. nye-rin 1 . near and far, near and distant relations. 2. distance, sgor nye-rin ci-tsam yod how far is it from here to the gate? 3. partial, rgydl-po nye-^iin ces the king is very par- tial Glr., nye-rin-me'd-pa impartial Glr. nye-ldm near; now Sch. ^jg? nye-zo damage, mishap, accident (syn. to bar- cad), nye-zo-med-par without an accident, safely Dzl. Lexx. to wash. nyes-pa 14; ttyod dan ynyen-zld min I am not allied with you by marriage, with you I am not on terms of affinity. ynyen-sdl (?) reconciliation C. ynyen- bses relatives and friends, also separately : Kyod-la ynyen med bses kyan med Mil. ynyer-ba c. accus. to take pains with, to take care of, to provide for, to try to get; to procure, to acquire, ynyer byed-pa id.; as a sbst. Tar. 165, 22: the procurer, provider Schf.; gen. in conjunc- tion with don in various ways, as: bdag don zig ynyer - te as I have to look after a business Dzl. 3, 7; don ynyer-ba to earn money; don-du ynyer-ba c. accus., rarely*c. dat. : to provide for, to strive to procure, nor don-du ynyer-ba to endeavour to make money, frq.; yo-bydd don-du ynyer -ba- rnams people who desired to have goods Tar. 169, hence don-ynyer exertion, effort, zeal, don-ynyer cen-po dgos great exertions are necessary Mil. ; in this sense prob. also Tar. 4, 8 : earnest exertion (in investigating) ; don-ynyer byed-pa c. la to study, investigate (a thing) Glr.; don- ynyer-can 1. zealous, painstaking. 2. Sch. also : liked, welcome, myron a welcome guest. - dkon- ynyer Tar. 183, 21, Schf.: ad- ministrator of valuable property; ace. to others: the first secular functionary of a ytsug - lag - Kan , about the same as bailiff (steward) of a convent, = lha-ynyer Georgi Alph. Tib. (in an edict) ; also the manager of the daily sacrifices (dgon-ynyer?); slob- ynyer a student, cos-slob-ynyer a religious scholar (a student of theology) Mil , slob- ynyer^gdn-du bgyis where did you study? Mil. ytad -ynyer byed-pa to trust (a person with), to intrust (a thing to) Glr. ; ced-du ynyer-ba, and rjes-su ynyer-ba v. ced. ynyer-Ka attention, care, ynyer-Ka byed-pa ccg. to pay attention to, attend to, take care of Pth.; ynyer-Ka ytad -pa to commit (a thing) to a person's charge, to put a person in trust of Glr. ynyer- pa farm-steward, in convents etc. ynyer- dn prob. = ynyer-ffa. ynycr-fsdn store- mnydm-pa room, store-house, (if under the charge of a special ynyer-pa}. ynyer - ma a fold of the skin , wrinkle Med.; ynyer-ma rens-pa O gyur the wrinkles are made straight, are smoothed Sty.; ynyer -ma -can wrinkled; Kro - ynyer (*rajf?r) a frown, a severe or angry look v. Kro-ba; ynyer-ba to wrinkle, sna - gon ynyer - ba to knit the brows, to frown Pth. ynyel-ba mnyel-ba Sch. t- ynyog-pa to desire, to wish earnestly Cs. v. snyog-pa. y n V 6d strength, durability, stoutness of cloth etc., C. and W., ynyod-can strong; ynyod-cuii, ynyod-med weak; Lex. lus ynyod - cun a weakly body or consti- tution. y n yd-P a to draw, stretch, strain mnyan C. boat, skiff, wherry; mnydn- pa boat-man, ferry-man. mnydn-pa 1. = nydn-pa Dzl. etc. 2. v. mnyan. ' mnyan-yod, ?n^^t, a town in the northern part of Oudh. mnyam v. the following word. mn y dm -P a (^m) co1 - *nydm-po*, 1. like, alike, equal, same,mnydm- po yod they are alike, equal, not differing, col.; with dan, seldom with the termin., lha dan mnydm-pa yod they are like unto the gods Pih., Glr.; zlum-por mnydm-pa roundish Sambh. ; rigs mnydm-pa of equal birth, rank Dzl.; dus mnydm-pa contem- porary, simultaneous, frq. mnydm-par gyur- ba to become equal, to be equal Dzl. - 2. even, level, flat, lag-mfil Itar mnydm-pa flat like the palm of the hand Glr. and elsewh.; mnydm-pa (or -par~) byed-pa to make even or level, to even, to equalize Dzl. ; to divide equally; sems mnydm-pa imperturbation, evenness of mind, not to be affected by kindness or the reverse; scms mnydm-par ^joy-pa to compose the 195 mnyed-pa mind to perfect rest, for meditation, frq. ; mnydm-pa sbyor-ba id. (?) mnydm-du adv. (col. *nydm-po*} c. dan: together with, in company of, bld-ma dan nydm-du O grogs dus-su Mil. ; ma dan mnydm-du O ci-ba Thgy.\ col. *na dan nydm-po sog* or merely *nydm- po sog* come along with me! *nyam son- te* going along with; nyi-ma sdr-ba dan mnydm-du with the rising sun Mil.; col. *dul daii nydm-po* in walking, ambulando ; *fen dan nydm-po* in taking it away (it was broken) ; *fcur-pa nydm* (to send some- thing) by (with) a cooly. mnyam-med, mnyam - brdl unequalled , matchless ; mi mnydm-pa 1. unequal, 2. uneven. pyag (or lag) ynyis mnydm-bzag-tu yod-pa both hands laid together on the stomach, mnydm- bzag pydg-rgya-can id. mnyam-pa-nyid, ^*TrTT- equality, parity, impartiality, justice. ^TflLr-rr mnyed-pa, pf. and imp. mnyes, fut. mnye, W. col. *mnyo-ce*, 1. to rub, between the hands or feet, e.g. ears of corn ; one's body Tar.; esp. hides, hence to tan, curry, dress; ko-ba mnyes-pa a tanned hide, dressed leather; *sed dati nye-ce* W. to rub in or into with force. 2. Cs. also: to coax. mnyen-pa, W. *nyen-mo*, flexible, pliable, supple ; soft, smooth, of the voice frq.; of the mind Dzl. ; mnyen-par byed-pa to make soft, smooth, flexible, (/t/tir-ba to become soft, of the skin etc. Med. ; mnyen - mnyel - ba to make soft by tanning Sch. mnyen -mnyes y sin -pa to caress, to fondle Sch. mnyel-ba 1. also ynyel-ba, to tan, to dress (hides) Sch. 2. resp. for ndl-ba to get tired Pth. mnyfa-pa, resp. for dgd-ba, in more recent writings and col. for the s-pa of ancient literature, to be glad, to take delight in, ccd.; to be willing, to wish, often with fugs ; mnyes-par byed-pa to make glad, to give pleasure; e.g. to the king by presents Glr., to Buddha by worshipping him Glr. mnyes-bsin-pa Lew., Sch. : to love much; to be rejoiced at. rnyed-pa Med. nyo-mnyo-can W. fondling, petting, pn'(-yu-la a child. rn y a ~^'> sn y c i-li several wild- growing species of Polygonum rnydn-ba Cs. = bsdl-ba, to rinse; W. to suffer diarrhoea, r rnyan-ndd diar- rhoea; myan-pa diarrhetic stool; rnydn- ma, ynydn-ma id., ni f. - myan-rnyin, worn-out clothes, rags Cs. myan = ynyan wild sheep, argali. >'nyab-mydb-pa to seize orsnatch together Sch. ?/as, sometimes used for brnyas. 'wyi, snyi, W. *nyiu, nyin-nu* (cf. rnyon) \ . snare, for catching wild animals, myi O dzug-pa to lay snares, also fig. 2. trap, pur-myi mouse-trap (con- sisting of a flat stone supported by a little stick (pur-pa). 3. net Sch. (?). ^rj- rnyin-pa old, ancient, of things, e.g. clothes, ysar-myin new and old; sndr-gyi yi-ge rnyin-pa-rnams ancient re- cords Glr.; brda-rnyin the ancient ortho- graphy Zam.; lo-rnyin = na-nin last year Wts. ; dran-srdn rnyin-pa the old rishi, i.e. the well-known, of long standing, opp. to a new - comer Dzl. rnyin - ba vb., pf. brnyins, to grow old, gos bmyins old clothes, lham brnyins old shoes Lex. ; rnyiri - bar ^gyur-ba id.; myin-bar byed-pa to wear out or away in a short time Dzl. j^_... myin-ma, n. of the most ancient sect of Lamas, clothed in red, v. Kopp. ; Schl. 72 ; myin-ma-pa one belong- ing to this sect. S^-.^.. myid-pa, pf. bmyid, (b)myis, fut. r ' gnyul, 1. to wither, to fade, also fig. 2. to grieve, (vb. n.) /SV7/. rnyil, snyil, so-rnyil, the gums. flT SAJ'^' myil-ba v. snyil-lnt. "xf'rr rnyed-pa I. vb., pf. l>r>iyetl, T-i fut. brnynl, favi) to get. obtain, ac- quire; to meet with, find. />'., C., t'nj.; //"/>- 196 rnyog-pa nas rnyed where did you get that? Dzl., also: whence shall I get it? Dzl.; mi rnyed-du mi run-no it must be got or pro- cured by all means Dzl. ; nas myed I ob- tain; rnyed- par dkd-ba ^W difficult to be obtained, found, or met with, frq.; sduy- bsndl dan bsdos-te cos myed-pa to purchase the acquisition of religion by suffering tor- tures Dzl. ; zas dan skom ma myed-de hav - ing nothing to eat or to drink, frq.; don myed-pa v. don; da ni re-ba myed-do now my hopes are realized DzL; yri myed-pas as he found a knife DzL; skabs rnyed-pa to find an opportunity DzL; btsdl-na yan ma rnyed-de not finding it in spite of every search Dzl, (W. *fob-ce*). II. sbst. ^rR profit, gain, acquisition, property, goods, rnyed-pa mdn-po 'myed-pa (or *fob - ce*) to gain much profit; bday rnyed -pa dan Mdn-na mi dya if 1 have got some earnings, he envies me for them; often in conjunction with grdgs-pa and similar expressions : riches and honour. - rnyed sdu-ba, rnyed -pa prog -pa Sch.: to make booty, to plunder. rnyed-bkurLex., prob. riches and honour. myed-nor v. fob-nor. rnyog-pa (cf. nyoa-pa) vb., pf. bmyoys, fut. brnyog, 1. to trouble, to stir up Cs. ; also adj.: thick, turbid. *cu nyog-pa* W. 2. to rub one's self, kd- ba-la against a pillar Dzl. (snyog-pa). *nyoy(j-pa)-can, nyog-po* C., troubled, tur- bid, dirty ; rnyog-pa med-pa clear, limpid, mfsoWdn. myoy-ma dirty, muddy water; mud, mire, rnyoy-ma-can muddy, miry. ^cn^r rnyogs Lt. ? rnyogs - fsdd a disease Med. 3(r' rnyon seems to be the same as rnyi Lexx.',rnyon-ba, pf.brnyons, fut. brnyon 1. Cs. : 'to ensnare, entrap'. 2. Sch. : 'to stretch out'. I met with rnyon in the fol- lowing expressions, not satisfactorily to be explained either by Cs. or by Sch. : rkdn- pa rnyon Lea:.; dku ma rnyons Lex.', lus myon-ba S.g.; frq.; yyal-rnyons S.g.; myul- rgydb zuy dan rnyon &.y.\ rnym'ts-fsdd snydn-pa " snya-nn v. ynya-ndn. snyd-lo v. myd-lo. sni J a g-pa, col. for snyeg-pa; also in Mil. asjmsj* snyags Lex. w.e. ; C. dbyans music, harmony. 5JJT- snyad malicious or false accusation or v> imputation, snyad c dzug-pa (W.*tsug- ce*} to bring in an action against, to pro- secute; *nyad du-ce* W., *nye' ko-wa* C. id., esp. to irritate, to provoke another, by accusations; snyad O ddgs-pa id. Gb\; snyad O ddy-pa, W. *ddy-ce* to clear one's self of an accusation, to refute it; snyad byed-pa c.dat. to use as a pretence or pretext Glr.; *nye' &>' (or ce) tdn-wa* C., *nyad-se tdg- ce* Ld. to weary another by too great punctiliousness, ni f.; *nor-nydd co-ce* W. to extort money by false accusations, la from; snyad med-par without cause, pre- tence, or provocation Thgy. ; *nydd-zer-can* W. one that makes false accusations. snydd-pa, pf. and fut. bsnyad, imp. snyod, to relate, to report, e.g. lo- ryyiis a story Pth., rmi-lam a dream DzL; ytam snydd-pa 1. to speak, state, inform, give notice (W. *hun tdn-ce*'). 2. C's.: 'to rehearse' (?). yy- snyan 1. resp. the ear, ryydl-poi snydn- ? ' du fos it came to the king's hearing Glr. ; snydn - du zus or brjod they told or informed him Pth.; snydn -du zun listen, pay attention, give ear to! Pth.; snydn- du pul they sang to him or before him (lit. they made him hear) Mil. (cf. sub snydn-pa); snydn-(gyis*) ysdn-pa to hear Mil.; snyan -ysdn bebs-pa to give ear to one, to hear one Cs. ; *nyen-zu Jbul-wa* C. to address a superior, to apply to him; snyan -kun the ear-hole; snyan- dbdn the organ of hearing Cs. ; snyan-sdl the lap or tip of the ear Cs. ; snyan -pro, zu-ba to slander, mi mi-la to calumniate one per- son to another. 2. = ynyan argali. snydn-pa (zn^) 1. sbst. renown, glory, fame, praise, rumour, snydb-pa snydn-pa pyogs bcur grays every part of the world rings with thy praise ; del snydn- pa rgydh-nas fos Mil. his praises are heard far and wide; ces dei snydn-pa br)6d-<-iii thus speaking praisingly of him Mil.; ces- pai snydn-pa-la rten-nas owing to a ru- mour of this purport Mil. ; ces snydn-pa dan grdgs-pa cen-po byun so was said far and near Mil.; dei snydn-du to his praise Mil. (cf. snyan). 2. adj., W. *nydn-po*, well-sounding, sweet to hear, of voice, words etc.; *fsor-ndh-la nydn-po* W. pleasant to the ear; also: dge-sloii dbyans rdb-tu snydn- pa a monk having a well-sounding voice Dzl.; fsig snydn-par with pleasant words Dzl.; snydn-pai fsig-gis id.; low, not loud; snyan-skdd also 6'.: elegant, well-sounding, poetical language; mi snydn-pa 1. unhar- monious; 2. offensive, insulting, ganzigbddg- la rtsod-cin mi-snydn-brjod he who in a dis- pute says to me insulting words; mi-snydn- par zer-ba ddn-du len-pa to put up with, to pocket offensive remarks. 3. lamentable, skad mi snydn-pa zer-ba to utter lament- able cries, plaintive tones, also of animals, Dzl. ; ytam-snydn(-pa) 1 . good, joyful news, glad tidings, byed-pa to bring them. Dzl., Mil. 'l. a pleasing talk, conversation 6s. (?) snyan-grdgs v. grdgs-pa. snyan-rgyud oral instruction of the Lamas, = bka-rgyud. snyan -(d) nag (s) v. nag. 3. vb. to praise, extol, glorify, stod-cin snydn-par grdgs-te he extolled him in songs of praise Dzl. (?) ,._.-.. snydb-pa to smack with the lips ? Sch. 5WT sn y am ~P a ! v ^- t th m ^ suppose, fancy, imagine, bddg-cag rih-po-ce btan (better: ytari) snydm-mo we think we shall give jewels Dzl. #A", 16.; na Iceb dgos snydm-nas thinking, I must seek death (v. Iceb -pa} Ptli.', ydn-tan dan Iddn-par snydm-ste fancying to be possessed ot ex- cellent qualities Dzl. 2. sbst. thought, sense, mind, feeling, cos byds-na snydm-pa yon -gin yda (cf. na III., 2) we have a mind to renounce the world Mil.; simi- larly: '-te* W. hypocritical; *nt/lii-^'in ddit-po* W. sincere, candid; in a more general sense: sni/iii ydon-gyis bslus the heart is infatuated by 198 snyin a demon Glr.; even madness may be at- tributed to the heart Do. snyin - nas \ . heartily, zealously, earnestly, e.g. looking for or to a thing Dzl. ; snyin fdy-pa-nas with all one's heart, most earnestly, devoutly, e.g. to say one's prayers Thgy. 2. actually, really, Kon snyin-nas mi O byin-ba yin really he does not sink! (the water actually bears him) Mil. 3. v. snyin-jjo. Comp. and deriv. snyin-ku \. nyiit-Ku. snyin-Kdms courage Sch. - *nyin-tdy Kol* W. my heart's blood is boiling (with anger etc. ) snyin - dgd v. above. snyin-can courageous, spirited Ld. *nyin- cu zuy* W. afflicted with dropsy in the peri- cardium, hydrocardia. snyin-rje, resp. fugs-r)e (w^S) kindness, mercy, compassion, mi -la snyin-rje syom-pa to commiserate, to pity a person Mil.', snyin-rjes kydb-pa id. with respect to a great number of beings, to embrace with affection Dzl.; snyih-rjes non-te overpowered by compassion; *nyin- ze fs&)'-ce* W. to have compassion ; snyin-r)e- can, snyin-rje dan Iddn-pa compassionate, merciful Dzl. : snyiii-rje-skad lamentation, a cry of compassion Dzl. ; snyin-rje -mo: 1 . Kyod snyin-rje-mo ran zig O duy you are much to be pitied Mil. 2. col.: dearest, most beloved, amiable, charming ; also snyin- rje for snyin-rje-mo, snyin-rje mdzd-bo my poor little friend. snyin - nye - ba, col. *nyin nye -mo*, friendly, amicable, loving, affectionate; friend; friendship, snyin-nye bu- mo a woman connected by friendship with, a woman, the friend of (a sick person mentioned) Lt. snyin-ytam a confidential speaking, for exhortation, consolation, or encouragement; totse-bai snyin-ytam affec- tionate exhortation Glr. ; pan - pai snyin- ytam useful admonition etc. Mil. snyiii- stobs courage. snyin- dod-pa to wish, to desire, to long for, za-snyin- dod-pa to wish to eat, to be craving for food Thyy. ; O yro- snyin - O dod - pa to wish to go. snyin- rdun-ba palpitation of heart Sch. *nyin dan (etymol. dubious) co-ce* W. ccd. to interest one's self for, to take an interest in. snyih-sdiiy W. liked, beloved; darling, ^k snyin favourite, e.g. a child; nyin-duy siy dug* W. he is a general favourite; *na di nyin- duy co dug* W. I am very fond of this, it is my favourite (pursuit etc.); but snyin- ma-sduy bad people Mil. snyin nd-ba 1. = snyin-ndd. 2. 'heart-sickness', grief, on account of injury suffered from others, curable only by indemnity paid or revenge taken. snyin - ndd disease of the heart. - snin-po (^rTT, 1*1) * ne chief part, main substance, quintessence, e.g. the cream of the milk Med. ; the soft part of a loaf, the wick of a lamp Dzl.; frq. fig.: the main substance of a doctrine, a book etc., don -snyin O bytn-pa to give a summary, the sum and substance (of a writing); sems-can tams-cdd sans-ryyds-kyi snyin-po- can yin-na if all beings have the pith and essence of the nature of Buddha in them- selves Thgy. 5,8; the Ommanipadmehum is called the snyin -po of religion G-lr.; snyin-po-med-pa worthless, null, void, snyin- pos dbcn-pa id. Tar. 185,2; de-bzin-yseys- pai snyin-po the spirit of Tathagata Was. snyih-po-byan-ciib- (or by an - cub-snyin-po) -la mcis-pa to become Buddha Thyy.', sroy(-yi) snyin(-po) Jbid-ba Mil. frq. to offer one's heart's blood, to pledge one's own life. snyin - rtsa (col.) the great veins connected with the heart, perh. = snyin- luii. snym-rtse the tip or apex of the heart, mentioned by Mil. as a particular dainty (perh. only by way of a jest). - snyiit-brtse-ba, resp. fugs-brtse-ba, vb., also sbst. and adj., not much differing from snyin-rje: love, pity etc. frq.; Dzl. : bu-la snyin-brtse-nas ; fams-cdd-la snyiii-fotse-ba yin-na; de-day-la snyin-brtse-bai pyir^snyin- brtse-bai sems skyes-te etc. snyin - fsim contentment, satisfaction, sometimes also pleasure felt at the misfortune of others I't/i., snyin-fsim O dcbs-pa to manifest such an enjoyment. snyin-fsil the fat about the heart 6s. snyin-zo-sa v. zo-sa. snyin-rtis, resp. fugs-rits (ace. to Mil.: snyiii-yi rus-pa ton-par yyis let energy and diligence arise in you); firmness of mind (heart) i.e. i. diligence, zeal, perseverance JC'T snyin-ba Mil. and C. 2. courage W. snyih-re-rje (snyin-rje, with re placed between, v. > ) m yi m -pa(-gan) a measure ' for liquids, as well as for flour, grain and the like, as much as may be taken up by both hands placed together. snyil = rnyil n- snyil-ba, or rnyil -ba, pf. and fut. bsnyil (cf. nyil-ba} 1. to pull or throw down, to break down, to destroy, houses, rocks etc.; pye-mar snyil-ba to reduce to powder Lex., Sch. 2. pyir (bskrad) snyil-ba Lex.-, Sch.: to expel, banish, exile. snyuy-pa, also smy tig-pa, pf. bsnyuy s, fut. bsnyuy, to dip in, to immerge. WTT snyug-ma, more frq. smyuy-ma, reed, rush, bulrush; snyuy-yu reed- pen; snyuy-bzo basket-work of reeds Pth. ; snyuy-sin bamboo. ST^I" snye-ma 199 snyugs C. duration, continuity, time Cs.; *nyiig-cen*C continual; , srins Lex. protracted, lengthened out. myuys-sbrid lizard Sch. esp. for nad, W. *nyun-zug*, '3, disease, illness, sickness, btsun-pai sku- la snyun mi mnd - am is your Majesty well ? Gli'. ; snyun-du mdze byuh Glr. leprosy arose to him as a disease, he was attacked with the disease of leprosy; snyun mdzes btab id. Tar. ; myun-yzi = ndd-yzi. 5jr'n' snyun - ba I. vb. , pf. bsnyu/'is , fut. 3, bsnyu'tt, 1 . to make less , to reduce, to diminish; Sch.: to disparage. 2. resp. to be ill, sick, indisposed; fugs snyun -bai mi people that are disagreeable, annoying to others Mil. II. sbst. 1. the state of being ill, illness, indisposition. 2. W. awl, pricker, punch; also snyuh-bu. y^- snyun - snyuh, sku-la snytin-gyis bzufi ^ ' he was taken ill DzL; snyun Q dri-ba Mil, rme-ba Sch., ysol-ba DzL, snyun -dri zu-ba Mil., to inquire after a person's health; to wait on, to pay one's respects DzL ZL&, 16. _.-. r .. snyun -pa, pf. and fut. bsnyun, to * ' be ill, to labour under a disease. ^qp. snye-fah a village and convent near ^ ^ Lhasa. tq. snye-ba, pf. bsnyes, fut. bsnye, imp. snye to lean against, to rest on, rtsig- pa-la against a wall; to lie down, recline, repose on, mdl-stan-la on a bed, snds-la on a cushion or pillow; *gydb - nye* col. a support or cushion for leaning against with one's back. snye - Kri v. Icri. - snye -stdn, snye-Jbol pillow or cushion to rest on. snye-ma, also Miyi-ind, \. ear of corn. 2. corn forming ears (v. l)dn-}>\ snyt-HHi, inly -can fruitbearing eurs, *nye- loii* W. empty ears; *nye-i)ia (on* W. the corn blows, is in flower; */>//'' ?'a* ('. to thrash, *nyc-criy-yi r'-do* an animal used for treading out the grain. .s ////<'- dkdr diseased ears. mye-wyo^snyi'-ma 1. snyeg(s}-pa 200 8n y e d( s \-P a , P f - bsnyegs, fut, bsnyeg, imy.smjog(s), W. *nydg- ce*, 1. c. accus. to hasten or run after, to pursue, frq.; also with rjes-nas, rjes - su, rjes-bzin-du, pyi-bzin-du; ran- gro-sasnyogs hasten towards your aim! Mil ; snyeg-sar snyogs Lex. id.; bsnyeg -tu, or snyegs -su O don-ba to walk hastily, to make haste or speed Dzl. 2. to overtake, snyegs ma nits-pas not being able to reach Dzl. - 3. c. dat. to hasten to some place, Itdd- mo-la to the play Mil. ; to rise, yndm - la rising up to heaven, as a flame, Glr. , a cedar Wdn., frq.; to strive or struggle for, to aspire to, nor-la riches, sde-cen-la in- crease of territory, ziti-Kams-bzdh-la the region of eternal bliss. snyeg-ma pursuer Dzl snyegs straight, stretched out Sch. sn yen -ba 1 . inst. of rmyen - ba, to stretch Mil. 2. also snyens-pa, resp. for Jigs -pa, vb. (pf. bsnyens, fut. bsnyeii) and sbst., rgydl-pos ma snyens sig do not be afraid of the king! Dzl. |V- snyed I. the crupper attached to a ' saddle Sch. II. = tsam: 1. O di- snyed (-&#), de-snyed(-cig} so much, so many, frq.; also for: how many! e.g. . . . yon-tan O di-snyedmnao how many excellent qualities has . . . ! Dzl. ; ci-snyed,ji-snyed how much? how many? also snyed alone (examples v. sub bye-ma). 2. after round sums: about, near, ston snyed, also ston ji-snyed Mil. about a thousand. snyen-pa Cs.: 1. to come or go near, to approach, gen. bsnyen-pa. 2. to gain, to procure, inst. of rnyed-pa(?). m yem(s}-pa 1. vb., pf. bsnyems, to be proud or arrogant, to boast, na-rgydl snyems-pas to be swollen uith pride Dzl. ; mfu-rtsdl (to be proud) of one's strength Dzl. 2. sbst. pride, haughtiness, snyem-pa-can prideful, proud, snyems-cutl 1. prideless, humble, affable, kind, col. *nyom-cuh*, and *nyam-sun*. 2. poor, indigent C. &^T snyes v. snye-ba. snyo-ba sometimes for smyo-ba. sn y6 ( J-p a i or bsnyog-pa, secondary form of snycg-pa, esp. when sig- nifying to wish earnestly, to crave for or lust after, also tfa-snyog-pa Cs. S^" snyodj = go-snyod, caraway. sn yd-pa I. pf. bsnyad, 1. to draw out and twist, as in spinning Stg., C. 2. 6s. : to tell, to relate, = sn Lex - = also image, picture in general; even a little statue Pth. ; rmi - lam - gyi yzucis - brnydn vision, visionary image; sgra-brnydn, ufTf^cf re- flected sound, echo; mgo-b)*nydn a mask, a fearful apparition Thgr., myo-bmydn ser-po Sc/tl. 234. pyag -brnydn servant Cs. brnydn -poi gos Cs. : c a garment marked with the figures (sic) of the rain- bow' brnydn -poi bmyas Lex. interest for a loan, rent for things borrowed Sch. ,. bmydbs-pa diligence, painstaking ; to take pains Sch. bmyds-pa I. borrowed, v. brnyd- ba. II. 1. to despise, contemn c. dat., frq.; ma bmyds sig do not despise ! Dzl ; brnyas smdd-pa id. Dzl contempt, brnyds-pa byed-pa, W. *nya-se tdg-ce*, ccd. to despise, to treat contemptuously, frq.; bmyas-bcos (Thgy. brnyas- cos^) contempt, scorn. ^ij&ST brnyo/is convenient, suitable Sch. bsnyigs-pa 1. to return, restore, deliver up Cs. 2. sediment. bsnyug full Sch.; skyu-gaii bsnyug Lex. a full draught (?). bsnyiil-ba to wash Lex. qsforq* b* n ye n -p a 1- to approach, to come near, c. dat., also dn'iit-du, K6-boi drun - du bsnyen cig come to me Dzl. ; gom-pa re-re bor-zi/i Q ci-ba-la bsnyen-pa Itar as with every step we come nearer to our death Thgy.; to join, to stick to a person Dzl. -- 2. to propitiate, soothe, satisfy, a deity Cs. 3. to accept, receive, admit W.; bsnyen-par rdzogs-pa to be or- dained, consecrated, frq.; c. las by Tar. dge- bsnyen v. dge-ba. bsnyen- bkiir reverence, veneration, respect, byed-pa to pay one's duty or respect, esp. to the priesthood by various services, nd-la bsnyen- pa byds-te Dzl. and elsewh., frq., also bsnyen-zin bkur-ba Glr., and *nyen kur-ce* W.; bsnyen-bkur zu-ba to ask permission for performing such services Mil. bsnyen- bsgrub priestly function, religious office, esp. snags q. v. bsnyen - ynds fasting, abstinence ; bsnyen-ynds srun-ba, W. *zum- ce*, to abstain from food, to fast. bsnyer-ba to make grimaces or gesticulations Cs. ffi 202 ' bmyel-ba Lexx.: resp, to forget; bsnyel-med not forgetting or for- getful, mindful; bsnyel-yso-ba to remind, to put one in mind of a thing Mil. nt. r& bgnyon v sntjon n%ji'jn' bsnyor-ba, Lex. nas bsnyor-ba, ace. to Sch. : to sift barley. ?" to, the letter , cerebral , $s&. jr. p-rn* td-k&i Hind. gf^TT i n W- imaginary o, coin, money of account, = 2 paisa or Id. Different from it is FT. FT- tan-ka,tan-ka, tan-Ka, tan-ka, Hind. craT 1- in 7 ru P ee = 9d. , v. also i -cod-tan (v. ; -cod-pa com p.). 2. a gold and silver coin Tar. 112, 6. 3. W. money in general. H-ked-, tri-ked card, ticket; postage-stamp. a handle and two balls fastened to it by a strap. -pm- dak, gen. *drag* } Hind. : ^f^i, the post, o, letter-post. '5*, ?*5" f ^ d " ma - t ' u ' W-' ^*ti) a ffP'i p a i r o f scales; a kind of lit small tympan or drum, with do, the letter (/, cerebral d, Ssk. V . ^. (Z^ - ft (^ft Ad : 'husband of a I Dfitoi^ SAafe^.) in Mil. prob. = Da- j- to 7 1. the letter t, tennis, French t. ' 2. num. fig.: 9. 3. inst. of btags, v. ya-btags. td-ka-ri (Hind. scales, U, c-m- -^ W. stick with a hook, hooked ' NS cane , crutch; *ta -ku- n't - ku* Ld. crooked, contracted, crippled. td-gir W. bread, esp. the flat bread- cakes of India, commonly called 'chapdtee' '; *cu-ta-gir* Ld. boiled flour- common dumplings; *ful-ta-gir* pancakes. c-q- <-& (Pers. bLj) gen. *V rassus flabelliformis (not the date- tree (.'.) Z^. 2. In more recent times, and already in Mil., td-la seems to denote the plantain or banana tree, Musa para- disiaca. yq'roj' ta-la-la Lex. lamp, lantern. '(2JQ*q'3\f' ^ a ~ ^ ~ ^ a ~ ma (ta-lai Mong. ocean, sea), the Dalai Lama, v. Hue. II., 155. Kopp. II., 120. ccn'czn* tag-tag W. the imitative sound of ' ' ' knocking, *tag-tdg zer* there is a knock, *tag-tdg co-ce* to knock at the door. ^' tan through, v. ton and Iteh. an - kun n. of a medicinal herb vJ ' Med. tan-ga \. P"^]* tan-ka. ]'^' tatkd-la Ssk. the present moment tow - ^' ^- a sort of hard cake or bread , resembling biscuit or * tab-tab v. tob-tob. M-K- tor - ^ar, *tar - tar - co - ce* Ld. to smooth (wrinkles or folds in cloth, paper etc.) corn* tdl-pa, or tdl-ma, 6s.: 'a moment', Sch.: 'quick, decisive, penetrating'; tdl-par, Cis. also tdl-mar, 1. instantly. immediately, quickly 6'., e.g. son go without delay! Lex. 2. Sch.: completely, quite through, ycod-pa to hew, to cut (quite through), O biffn-pa to bore through, to perforate; also faf b'- rusk. tdl-bn a tool with holes in it, used by nailers Sch. & ti l.num. fig.: 39. 2. Not originally Tibetan, designating 'water 1 ; this word has found its way into Ld., where it how- ever occurs only in *Kd-ti* saliva (water of the mouth), and in "nd-f'i* mucus (run- ning from the nose). 3. v. */>///. ' ti-ka (^fajT explanation, commentary. ti-fwr/, (8c/i. yti-f,wj} bad, mean, silly a. ; obstinate, stubborn ,sv///-. ti-nrig heath-cock Sch. cap, hat (from the Wnd. /St'/i.: //-/'// Hijng-ri-it pheasant. %., fti-few SV//., anvil. C'^J* 1- %-< Zinc ;1//W. ; around the lake Manasarowar in Miiaris, which are considered to be the highest and holiest of mountains. ^n- tig 1. also tig -tig, Lex. w.e.; . in>t. of ta-gir. %)-' tiit 1. a small cup of brass used esp. in saerilicing. 2. the sound of nie- tal, *tiii :<'/-/!/ nig* IT. 1 hear a tinkling. 204 1 to-to-lin-lbi as. also mnqfrl) contem- plation, profound meditation, perfect ab- sorption of mind, cf. bsam-ytdn, and sgom- pa; tin-He- O dzin byed-pa Sch., gen. ttn-ne- O dzin-du ^jug-pa to be absorbed in deep meditation; tin-ne- dzm Jcrun devout me- ditation takes place; also meton.: the fa- culty, the power of meditating e.g. pel Mil. 5C"f-C" tin-rjin Sik. shrew(-mouse). SC'fe' tin-tin clean, well-swept Ld. } Ts. tiit-ti-Wi snipe Ld. cryam&r tin (-tin) -sags little bells moved by the wind Sch. tib-ril, resp. ysol-tib, tea-pot, :/'ts- tib a copper tea-pot, rdza-tib an earthen tea-pot. ^ ? r tim-pi Mil. goat's leather, kid-leather, from India, dyed green or blue. J'" tim-bu Ts. funnel. CfST til (fira) sesame, til-mar sesame-oil, } seed-oil. r tu 1. num. fig.: 69. -- 2. an affix, NS denoting the terminative case, or the direction to a place, joined to the final consonants g and b; cf. du, 111, su. c-qcn- tit-pay (Turk. 5^p') W. gun. mus- >2 ' ket, fire-lock, fowling-piece, *gydb-ce* to discharge, fire off; *tu-pag-man* gun- powder. tu-ru-ka Ma. the Turks, Turkomans. M-m- ' tu-tsa v. ti-tsa. QJ. fcWd (&?&., Iftwd.) a balance, pair of Q, scales, C. *tu-la teg-pa* to weigh. tug-gin O dug 'cannot' Sch. (?) tuy-rin, or tug -cum, prob. also -l til-Hit W., an adv. de- noting a swinging motion; 5 205 hence *to-to-Uii-lin W .s/ : -: 'thetopofany thing ? a top ornament'; esp. the button on the cap of Chinese dignitaries, as a mark of distinction; toy-dkdr, %rT%H n. of Bud- dha in paradise (dya-lddn} before his in- carnation Ld.-Glr. 8, a.; mdvn-tog point, thorn, nail. 2. for fog, and thus prob. also used in skabs-toy now, at present Ld. "ecn-jkr toy-sgra, tog-tog-sgra Lex., a rolling ' ' ^ sound /SW< , ace. to Wdn. also a cracking sound. to y - til- a bump . a swelling , by a knock against the head. S-n-J* tog-tse W., toy-rtse LCJC., hoe, mat- tock, pickaxe W. (in C. Jor); toy- led gs the iron of the hoe, tog-yu the handle of it; tog-leb a spade (?) Cs. ion-ton byed-pa Le.i\, Sch.: to perforate; to produce a whirling noise. ~q'3' fo6-& W. button, *fo'6-a brgydb-ce* to button up; cf. fob-cu; (buttons are not in general use in Tibet). ' tob-tob smrd-ba to talk con- fusedly Sch.; W.: * tab -tab*, or *tab-tob ma co* keep your temper! do not talk with such agitation! tou-lo polecat Sch. "g-M- toll Mny. bcm-tol? Sch. tol-y cod-pa tal-ycdd-pa q.v. trdm-pu hard (of rare occurrence); sa-trdm, ivis-tram, rtsa-tram, tram- dkdr, tram -nag, are different species of gout Med. tri-ked v. ti-ked. from Wdk. trident "cc& tre-tre-ho (by the context) a dan- "^ ^ gerous disease of the stomach or a serious symptom of it Pth. tri'-ba-can coloured Sch. c-$r;n- t re-sum a medicine in the shape of a puwdrr Mfd. "cs- fron diligence, industry <*.; iron />>/>'(t living there continually Tor. 2. entirely, completely (which is the usual 206 yf-an-fxiffis signification of ytan-(hi) e.g. to cut off, to deliver completely; ytdn-nas id.; ytan- Ifriys agreement, stipulation, convention, ytan-kriys byed-pa Mil. Note. Owing to its second signification ytan is often confounded with brtan(-po\ or even with bstan(-pa). Not only illiter- ate people, but well-educated Lamas from C. were occasionally doubtful as to the correct spelling of this word. TOMprKj- ytan-fsigs (Ssk. ^ Sty., Do, f. m&tan-fsias-ki de-K nyid bstdn-pa = Ko-na- argument, syllogism 6s.; evidence before a court of justice Dzl. ?;AS, 6. 2. Sch.: a standing proposition, indisputable point Thyy. (where in my Ms. brtan-fsiys is erron. written; v. the note to the preceding word). 3. logic, dialectics 6s.; ytan- fsigs- med-par smrd-ba is in Sta. the term applied to a kind of kydl-ka, evidently: illogical, ir- rational talk; ytan-fsfgs-su bzed-nas G/r. 96. wishing to clear up, to render evident (?) ; ytan-fsiys-mliati dialectician, logician. ytwH (3TOT) talk, discourse, speech, 1. in a general sense: *tam ci'g-pa* C., *tam cig-ciy* W., that is one and the same talk, that means the same; ytam bsdur-ba to compare depositions, to exa- mine, to try judicially, *tam-dur~ W. trial, judicial examination. 2. news, tidings. intelligence, ytdm bzdn-po good news; />///* ytam mi O dug after which there are no further accounts Mil. ; *tam sdd-ce* to tell a tale, a story W.; report, rumour, fame, de pul zer-bai ytam rgydl-pos fos-nas when the king heard the report that . . . had been delivered up Pth.; fag-rin-yi ytam fame of remote matters or events; bddy- gis ytdm-du fos-na as I have learned, have been told Dzl. 3. section, chapter Ttn- , frq. Phrases. ytcmgUh-ba S.O., Dzl., ytdm- du ylen-ba Dzl. to speak, to converse, to discourse; ytam byed-pa, smrd-ba, zer-ba id.; ytam byar O groo I shall go and speak to him Dzl. ; the genit. preceding ytam always denotes the person or thing spoken yti-muy of, not the person speaking; ci-ltar gyur- pai ytam bi/as he gave an account of the manner how it had happened Dzl.; mfun- pai ytam byed-pa to negotiate about peace Glr.\ cos(-kyi} ytam byed-pa to begin a religious conversation MIL; na de-ltar byed- pai ytam mi - la ma lab do not tell any body that I am doing this Mil.: in a si- milar manner: mi run-bai ytam bsyi'dy-go he shall declare it to be unbecoming Tli(/r.\ pa - mdi ytam dris he inquired about his parents Dzl. ; bu-moi ytam fos he heard of the girl Dzl. Comp. ytam-re'-m* is more in use than *tam*. y fam & -P a l - ad J fu|l > P*' ( - gi'i ytdm (s) - pa quite full of razors T/K/IJ.; also Lexx.\ more frq. it is spelled (b}ltdm(s)-pa. 2. vb. to appoint, to commission, of rare occurrence. 3. sbst. 6s. : a term for a thousand billion, yet v. the remark to dkngs-pa. ytd(-ma) Lc.r.i: (cf. yte-pa) pawn. pledge, ytd-mar jug-pa to pawn, to give as a pledge, ytd-ma blii-ba to re- deem a pledge 6s ; *nor-ta* W. jewels, precious stones , given as a pledge (6s. : 'pecuniary security, bail'); mi-yta a hos- tage 6s. ytdr - ba, with Icray, to bleed, to let blood Med.; ytdr (-bar) bi/M- pa, rtsd-ba-la from a vein, or also ytdr- ya O debs-pa id. i-tfe a kind of louse Sch. insane, mad Sch., = ti-fug. STK-3OT- yti-inuy (cTO^) gloom, mental 1 darkness, ignorance, stupidity, yUn- pa yti-mug-can infatuated fools Dzl.; mfsdn- mo yti-mtt(/-)'itiji : to fall in drops, to drop, to drip. rnc- ytin, Ld. *ltin*, bottom, rgyd-mtooi ytin-dkruys he turned up the bottom of the sea; ytin-du nub-pa to sink to the bottom 6s. ; depth, hence ytin zdb-po DzL, ytin nil - ba deep, ytin nye - ba not deep, shallow; ryyd-mfso-bas ytin-zdb-bo it is deeper than the sea Dzl. yydn - sa ytin- riit - ba a deep abyss Thar.; cu-bo ytih- zdb-po ziy a deep river Dzl. W%, 1. (in the third line however zdb-bo would be the correct reading for zab-po}; ytin-zab- fhjdd Km-bryydd-pa eight cubits deep (lit. with regard to depth holding eight cubits) Dzl. ?^xS, 5 ; fig. ytin-nas from the bottom of the heart, nd-la dad -pa ytiii-nas yyis believe in me with all your heart Mil.', Ka-yroys and ytin-yroys v. grogs ; Ka-dkar- ytin-ndy white without, and black within (fig.) Mil.; the following passage of Mil. : rgyd-mfso ce-la dpe Ion-la Ka-ytin-med-pai syom cig yyis, is not perfectly clear, yet the real sense seems to be: resembling the ocean, be so lost in contemplation, that you do not know any longer a diffe- rence between surface and bottom; ytin- rdo a stone or piece of lead (zd-nyci ytin- rdo AYA.) fastened to a rope, and used as plummet, as anchor, as a clock- weight, as a means for drowning delinquents etc.; *cu nyoy - po - ce - la tin med* W. a very muddy water has no depth; ytin-can deep, ytin -med shallow Ms.; also fig. deep, re- served,, covert, difficult to fathom, to form an opinion of, and the contrary: shallow, superficial; ytin -mi -Ion ('. of unknown depth ; ytin-dro its-pa fathomed, penetrated, ascertained C. ytil>(s)-pa 1. to be gathering, of clouds, sprin-pufi ytib-pa thick clouds gathering Wdn.; bdiiy - spos sprin - bzin ytib incense wafts along like clouds Glr.\ mun-pa ytib Lex. y col. also *nam-Ka tib-tib yod* cf. Jib -pa. 2. sometimes for rdib-pa. '^}' ytim-pa v. fim-j>a. a* p f - cognate to fug-pa, 1. to reach, to touch, yi-dam-gyi f&g*Jiar yt6ga-ntu putting or pressing (his forehead) against the breast of the image Glr.\ mi ziy-yi zdbs-la ///- bos ytuy-pa, or only zdbs-ytuy-pa to touch as a supplicant a person's feet (or skirt) with the brow, to cast one's self at another's feet, frq. ; btug fay-pa dan was explained : when it (the danger) draws quite near Ma.; to overtake, to reach, ni f., e.g. mfa the end Lar.; to meet with, to join Tar. 172, 14. -- 2. to bring an action against a person, to sue &7t., thus prob. Dzl. ??C, 3, and Pth. 3. = zad-pa to be exhausted, to be consumed(P) Zam. zdd-pai ytuys-pa. Note. Not only ytuy-pa, but also many of the following words have b as well as g for their initial letter, and moreover a corresponding form beginning with f, of the same or nearly the same signification. ytun, Sch. also rtun, col. * yog -tun* (spelling dubious) 1. pestle; there are small ones, like ours and large ones, in shape of poles, as thick as a man's arm, and about 6 feet long, by means of which the pounding is effected in an excavation made in a rock, called ytun- l,-/ii/\ ytttw(-gyi9) rdit/l-ba to pound \\itli a pestle Dzl.; ytun-po mortar Ms.; ytim- bu, ytun-sii't jx-stlc Ms. 2. mallet, knocker , = tub- t .- on ly i Q ytol-nwd, = ca-med, not known, dubious, po-^am mo-^am ytol- med-do one does not know yet, whether it will be a boy or a girl DzL; ci byd-bai ytol med not knowing what to do Dzl. ; gar fdl-bai ytol med not knowing where she had gone to; bddg-la ytol med I do not know any thing about it DzL (Sch. has a verb ytol-ba to perforate, pierce; to discover, disclose; v. rtol-ba). ytos size, width, quantity, ri-boi ytos tsam as high as a mountain Lex.] rim-gro ytos-ce-ba, like ryya-ce-ba, great marks of honour, extraordinary homage. '^I" btod-pa btdg-pa v. O fdg-pa. T" btdys-pa v. Q dogs-pa, and Ka- btdys. btdfi-ba v. yton-ba. btdd-pa v. ytod-pa. " btdb-pa v. O debs-pa. complete indifference, perfect apathy (ace. to Sch)'. prop, 'a liberality per- fectly impartial'?). - btan-bzun Lex. ^f^f^^- n. of a hill where Buddha was teaching. .. btig-pa, pf. btigs, Cs. to drop, to let fall in drops, rnd-bar sman, medicine into the ear, v. O fig-pa. '^" btin-ba v. Q din-ba. * btu-ba v. fu-ba. "^" btuh-ba v. O fun-ba. ^J* btiig-pa v. ytiig-pa. '^l* btud-pa v. O dud-pa. bfud-mar Glr. in rapid or close succession, *tw-tu -pa-la* C. id. ___. btub, Lex. = run, fit, convenient, prac- <, ticable, becoming, btub-bo it is con- venient etc.; btub-pa v. ytub-pa. btum-pa, ytum-pa, 1. to wrap round, to envelop; hence 2. in W. to shut, a book, valuable books being wrapped up in a cloth before being laid by; btum-pog bunch or knot, produced by money and the like being tied up in the girdle. w btul-ba v. O dul-ba, ytul-ba. btod-pa \. = rtod-pa, to fasten (grazing horses or cattle) by a rope to a stake, to tedder; Mil. declares relations to be the btod-fttg (the tedder) in the hands of the devil. 2. to erect, raise up, produce, cause, occasion ; xrol-btf>-fi ! excrement, dirt rtug-skdm ,4 ' or -staw dry excrements j|fd. ; rgyal- srid rtug-pa bzin-du dor-ba to throw off royalty like dirt Ptlt.; rtug - pa pyis - pai rdo a stone for wiping one's self Mil. 2. C. wind, flatulence. 3, (b)rtug v. sub fogs-pa. i'tun-ba, pf. brtuiis, fut. brtun, also stun-ba, to make shorter, to shorten, to contract, e.g. a rope, a dress; ynyd-ba brtuns his neck is contracted Mng. ** -/-ftm v. /taw; rtun-ril a trituration- rtun-pa, brtun-pa, diligence, rtun-pa skyed-pa to be diligent Zam. Cf. d&n-pa. fQJ'cf rt l~P-> or rtul-ba, blunt, dull, mfson- <, rfei a blunt weapon 6s. ; gen. fig. : dbdn-po rtul-po (opp. to rnon-po or vwd- 6a sharp, and Jbrin-po middling) dullness, stupidity, imbecility of mind; dull, stupid; blo-rtul weak intellect. (b)rtul -pod-pa (^Y?r) boldness, courage; bold, brave Dzl. j&n- 'teM foal, colt, /^ pf- an d fut- brten, imp. rton (brti'nt), to keep, to hold, to adhere to, to lean on, J}.dr-ba-la on a staff Pth. ; kd-ba-la against a pillar; / ba, I. l., we will see, Mil., frq. 2. in various phrases and expressions , in which its special signification is no longer clearly discernible : a. Ita ci swos Dzl. and elsewh., the most frq. form, Ita smos bi dgos Thgy , Ita smos ci O fsal (eleg.) Stg., W. more distinctly : *lta dgos ci yod*, also *zer dgos ci yod\ far from, not to mention, to say nothing of, how much less, how much more; with a preceding infinitive or noun : O di-dag O dul-ba Ita ci smos to say nothing of the conversion of these! how much easier is it to convert these! Dzl.; f o-skol Ita ci smos how much more we! Thgi/.; Ita zog is much the same : lo zld - ba Ita zog to say nothing of years and months; *tar zog, td-la zog* C. id. b. the word is frq. used after participles or adjectives ending with pa, when, judging in each case from the connection in which it hap- pens to stand, it may be deemed equiva- lent to: evidently, indeed, thus then etc., spoken either with emphasis, or ironically, or in a sorrowful tone. As it is next to impossible to learn from the Tibetans the exact import of those little words, which slightly modify the grammatical and logi- cal relations of a sentence, European trans- lators have generally passed them over. Cf. Dzl. ?x>, 18, ?c^s, 2 (where a shad ought to be added), L4-, 7 (whero */,- menus though), ^sSG, 18; Tar. 7,17,11). In Dzl. ?Q%, 1 Ita, in accordance with the munu- >cri|it of Kyelang, is to be omitted. c. like, as. (Ifd-ba sbst. abstr.. Itu-lut ndj., Iti'i-bur or ffur adv.), dii-lxt ltd -bur i/<>d- 216 ltd-ba pa zig one having the nature or the co- lour of smoke Glr. ; rta bcus rgyug-pa Itd- bui sgra a noise as if ten horses were gal- loping Glr. ; . . . ltd-bu mKds-pa zig a man as wise as ... DzL; pa-md ltd-bur gyur- to he was (to him) like a father DzL; bai dzi-ma ltd-bu dan Iddn-te having eye- lashes like those of a cow Stg. ; ron-la mi- mK6-ba bit-la byin-pa ltd-bu ma yin not as if she (the mother) would give her child only what she does not want herself Thgy. ; zes-pa ltd-buo is the usual expression for quoting a passage from an author, and always follows the quotation; Kyod, nd-lta- bu min you are not my equal, and also: you are not in my situation Mil-, O di-lta- bu, de-lta-bu, one like him, such a one as he; ci-lta-bu what sort of? sans-rgyas ses byd-ba ci-lta-bu yin the so-called Buddha, what sort of being is he? what is meant by 'Buddha'? DzL ci-lta-bu-la bskal-pa zes bgyi what sort of a thing is called 'Kalpa : ? ji-lta-ba \.ji\ji-lta-bu of what kind, as a rel. pron. Sometimes Ita alone is used for Ita-bu: ttyod-lta your eqnalJtftZ.; so prob. also in the passage Dzl.^&V^-, where yod-pa Ita ci mfon would be = yod-pa ltd-bu gan mfon (better than taking Ita ci mfon for Ita ci smos Schf.'). In DzL 3V^, 13, and ^V, 3 Itd- zig is prob. to be altered into Itd-zog, v. sub a, 2, above. d. Ita is sometimes a mere expletive, e.g. in dd-lta (v. da), and after the conditional na (DzL 9&Q, 1 ; V, b ; 2/3, 16, %VL, b.). nj-jn* ltd-ba I. vb., pf. bltas, fut. blta, imp. * Itos, blta, resp. yzigs-pa (cf. Itos-pa) 1. to look (as an act of the will, cf. mfon-ba), to view, often withm?//, ormig-gis (v. below); bltds-na mi mfon though you look (for it) you do not see it Mil.; *ndn-tan zib-ca Itos* Ld. look at it accurately ! *to sig* C. look (before you)! have your eyes open! *to sig nygn cig* C. attention! mind! be careful! ltd -bos cog mi ses I never can look enough at it; with nas: to look from or through, sgo-seri-nas (to peep) through the narrow opening of a door Tar.; bltd- ltd-ba na sditg-pa pleasing when looked upon, charming to look at; also n. of the city of gods on the Rirab Stg. y and of one of the seven golden mountains around the Rirab Glr.; ltd-i*u son go there and look (at it)! *lta-la ton* W. let me look (at it)! show it me! pan-fsun-du ltd-ba to look around DzL; * cog-cog-la* , or *y<_>-yon-la* col. id.; pyi mig, or pyir (to look) back DzL; *pi mig log lta-ce*, or *)in-pa yyiti'- te Itd-ce* W. id.; to inspect, ccd., rarely c.o^irq. Glr., DzL; Kyed mi -nus- pa-la bltds-na if one views, considers, your in- ability DzL; nas ma bltas-na if I do not inspect it Glr.; *ghdn-la te run* C. whatever one may fix his eyes upon = whatever it may be; to look after or into, to revise, to examine, to try, rtsa ltd-ba to feel a person's pulse Med.\ pdn-nam blta I will see, if 1 can help Mil. ; also : I will see , whether it has done good ; su ce blta let us see who is taller Mil. ; e' fsud Itos sig see , if you can put it through Glr.; rtin-sor blta we shall see that afterwards Mil.; ydn- dag- par ltd-ba to examine or search into mi- nutely Mil.; *fsod ltd-ba* in col. language is the expression most in use for to examine. to put to the proof, to test, to try, to sound etc. Lastly, as a mere act of the mind: to meditate, reflect, muse, ponder, investigate, du O dug blta let us see how many there are Mil. ; Ita rtog byed-pa, or ytoh-ba Mil. to investigate closely. Also in a mystic sense, v. sgom -pa 1,2. 2. ccd. (or accus.) and termin. , to look upon a thing as, ses-pa-la zog-tu to look upon knowledge as deceitful; dkon-mcog ysum mi bden-par ltd-ba to think the three treasures to be untrue, not real, = not to believe in them. 3. c. dat. (rarely termin.) : to have regard to, to pay attention to, to take notice of, and with a negative : to be indifferent to, not to care about, srog-la mi ltd-ba not to care about one's life (from heroism or desperation). 4. to be situated or directed towards, mdo ni nub-tu Ita the lower part of the valley is situated towards the west. 5. nas bltds-pa in my opinion; 217 Ifafj-ltin na-la bltds-na(s), or rten-nas, with regard to me, as for me, for my sake Glr. ; fzdn- ma-rnams-la bltds-pas as far as the others are concerned, with regard to the others Glr. II. sbst. 1. the act of looking, beholding, v. I, 1. 2.; ltd-ba yam-sin circumspect Glr. - 2. contemplation (mystical) v. sgom-pa I, -2. 3. (^far) opinion, doctrine, theory, philosophical system, school (in Tibetan a verb, cf. rtdgs-pa II), rtdy-par ltd-ba the theory of perpetual duration (of earthly things); nan-par ltd-ba a false opinion, = Ita-log. Comp. lta-nyul-pa a spy, scout, Ita- nyul btjed-pa to spy, to explore, v. nyul- ba. Ita-stdhs, resp. yzig-stdits Pth. the look, or manner of looking, air, mien, zi- bai Ita-stdns a mild look, or countenance, Cs.; Kro-bai Ita-stdns an angry or fierce look Cs. ; esp. the magical and powerful look of a saint, Ita-stdns sig mdzdd-pa to cast such a magical look Mil. ; Ita-stdns- la bziigs-pa., Ita-stdns - kyi ndn-nas cd-ba Mil. to sit, or stride along, with such a look, i.e. with great solemnity of deport- ment, as of one in a trance; Ita-stdns-bzi the four magical looks, viz.: O gugs-pai Ita- stdiis the attracting look, skrod-pai Ita- stdns the repulsive look, Ihun-bai Ita-stans the precipitating , look , rens-pai Ita-stdns the paralyzing look Cs.; also sen-gei, gldit- po-ce'i Ita-stdns-kyis yzigs-pa to look at a person with a lion's look, with an elephant's look. Ita-log, in later lit. and col. log- lta, false sentiment, not only false doctrine, heresy, but any irreligious impulses of the mind, perverse and sinful thoughts, e.g. log-lta skyes-te is used for conspiring against a person's life Glr., giving way to doubt or weakness of faith Glr., falling in love with a woman Pth.', mi-la log-lta byc>d-pa to slander, to abuse a person Glr. " Itag-Uin puff-ball Sch. ltdg-pa 1. the back part of the neck, nape Mcrl. and elsewh., frq. 2. the upper part or place, yral-gyi- of the divan, Udd-mo the seat of honour Dzl. 3. the back, .ild- na-med-pa the highest, ^ror; ft"!/ *!<'<''- ba to strangle, to suffocate Glr. ; Itag ycod- pa 1. Cs. to cut off a man's neck, to behead. 2. W. to make a person change his mind, to alter his sentiments; *r l>- la gyog-pa tag cad yin* I hope I shall talk him out of it, shall dissuade him from doing it; Itag nyal-ba to lie backward Sch. Comp. Itag - sgo the back - door of a house, v. above. Itag-ycod or -cdd 1 . de- capitation, 2. Mi.: changeable, fickle, in- constant. ltag-cu Med.; Sch.: 'sinew of the neck, the covering of the neck'. Itag- mdud Sch., Itag-sdud Lt. , the hole in the occiput, the connexion of the brain with the spinal marrow. ltdg-spu neck-hair, mane, of the horse, of the lion IA. - Glr. ltdg-ma what is uppermost, e.g. 'words written over other words. fajr- Itou 1. a bale of goods, carried on ' one side of a beast of burden, half a load, Itan ynyis two bales, or a whole load. 2. also Iten, W.: through, quite through, *pi-sta-ne ndit-lu I tail foil dug* one sees from the outside into the interior; *ltan bug ton* bore through! *ltan fon-te ca dug* he is passing through, he does not make a stay here. Cf. tot'i. ltdd-mo, col. also *ltdn-mo* } n-^|i. yzigs-mo, the looking on, a sight, scene, spectacle, ltdd-mo -la O fsogs they came together in order to look on Glr. ; ltdd-mo ltd-ba to look at a scene, to be an eye-witness; ltdd-mo ltd-bai sa a place where there is something to be seen : a theatre. Itdd-mo-Kaii a playhouse, ex- hibition, puppet-show etc. Udd-mo-pa /'///., *ltdtl-Hin-ft,i-nn'*. 'I 218 hob-pa QJX- I > W., a spectator, a visitor; ltdd-mo-ml>an, ltdd-mo ston-pa a showman, actor, mimic etc. yron-yul-yyi ltdd-mo ma dran ziy Mil, forgot the scenes of village life! ltdb-pa, pf. bltabs, flit, bltab, imp. Itob (W. *ltabs to/i*), to fold or r up, to lay or put together, *kijan- tab, n; t i-tab tab-ce* W. to fold single, to fold double; ysum-ltab byed-pa to fold or bend together threefold, e.g. a corpse pre- vious to cremation; ltdb-ma Cs. a fold, crease, plait; Itab-yri a clasp knife ltdm ( s )'P a > P f - b ltams, fit. bltam, 1. to be full, also ytdms- pa. 2. resp. to be born, skyed-pai yab dan bltdms-pai yum the father by whom one is begotten, and the mother by whom one is born Pth. Itar 1. also bltar, supine of ltd - ba, in order to see; bfodr-ruA-ba visible; Sch.: 'pleasing to the eye 1 ; yan ltdr-na yan, ci ltdr-na yan, be that as it may Glr. 2. postp. c. a., like, as, after the manner of, ri-ltar like a mountain; pyay byed-pa Itar byed-pa to make a saluting gesture Glr. ; no - ses run mi ses -pa Itar byas although they knew . . ., they affected not to know... Mil.; O bral mi pod -pa Itar yod-na yan being like one that cannot part with, = being scarcely able to part with, Glr. ; Itar sndn - ba to appear like, hence prob. Itar -sndn appearance, simi- larity Sch., (Lex. w.e.); lun-bstan-pa Itar (to do a thing) in conformity with a pre- diction Tar.; also ltdr-na, and ltdr-du, mi-lo ltdr-na . . . yod computed by human or terrestrial years it amounts to.. . Thyy.; bod-rnams ltdr-na according to Tibetan (sources) Tar.; ci-ltar(-nd) how? in what manner or way? ci-ltar also serves to paraphrase the English 'so that 1 , e.g. 'he played so that all were enraptured' is thus expressed : he played how did he play? all were enraptured; )i-ltar(-na) as ji-lta ji-ltar . . . de-lta de-ltar Sambh. even as ... so; O di-ltar, de-ltar^-na) so, thus, in that manner; O di-ltar mi ryan Icyod such an old fellow as you are ; frq. also in referring ojT-q- ltuii-ba 1. vb., pf. Ihuii, to fall, to fall off, down, into; fig.: mfo-ba de yan mfar Ihun-no what is high will finally fall down DzL ; more esp. to fall into sin, to commit sin, hence nyes-ltun an actual sin, a sinful deed, Itun-byed a transgression, crime; also ndn-son-du (v. O yro-ba I, 5), or dmydl - bar to fall into damnation. 2. sbst. the fall, esp. the moral fall, Itiin- bas f/6s-pa polluted by sin; liuu-ba bsdys- pa confession of sin. %*q* Ite-ba 1. navel-string, umbilical cord, * yc6d-pa to cut it Med. 2. navel. Ite-bai Kun(bu) Lt. id. ; yld-bai lte-ba musk- bag. 3. the middle of a thing, centre. dkytt-Jfor-yyi of a circle; mu-Uyud ysum- yyi lie-bar in the middle of three (con- centric) circles Lt.; ran-fdy-yi lte-ba the axle-tree of a water-wheel Glr.; sai lte-ba the centre of the earth, in the opinion of the natives: Tibet; also cognomen of se- veral fabulous kings of Tibet Kopp. II., 52. lte-ba yzuii-rdh Lhasa, or, in a more special sense, the palace of the Dalai Lama - Ite-tuy W. = * tig- fu it* C. 5j_. Itch \. v. Itah. 2. Iteii-ryyds n. of ' a Buddha. 219 /frw-/;a pool, pond Zte/. Mb-pa (cog. to ltdb-pa), to double down, to turn in, ?nfa, or sne-mo to hem, by turning in the edge, cf. sne-mo. <33TO" l t> belly, stomach; also the belly of a bottle; ltd-ba sd-la O bebs-pa to prostrate one's self. Comp. Ito-gdfi a full belly, also: with a full belly or stomach. lto- gro, Itos- (/>-6 I. moving or creeping on the belly, a worm, a snake. 2. symb. num.: 8. - lto(-ba)- yrdy(-pa) Cs.: 'belly-fretting, a nervous excitement of the belly'. Ito- stoii with an empty stomach, jejune, empty. - Ito-ldir belly of a vessel, ltd- Idir-can swelling out, bellied, like vessels. Itd- na-ba, Ito-zuy stomach-ache. lto- pyc crawling or creeping on the belly, a snake; lto- pye cen-po, fjd\^\, a fabulous monster of the serpent kind, similar to the klu. Itrxj-odre a demon Sch.; - * Itugs prob. the same I- ltogs-pa I. vb. 1. to be hungry, /fii- Kan* W. a person acting with great cir- cumspection. 2. sbst. the looking at or on, ltos-pa med-par without looking at it (e.g. in playing at dice); relation, respect, regard 6s. sta-gon preparation, arrangement. xtu - yon l>i/(\l - JHI to make prepa- rations, to prrpan-, arrange, fit out; /s6- 220 sta-zwr bai sta- yon-la bzens he rose to make pre- parations for dinner Mil. sta-ziir hip, hip-bone, e.g. as the seat of strength Mil." std-zur yan- cdd from the hip upward Dzl. Kj-x' sta-ri W, originally sta-yri Mil. and ^ 6'., sta-re B., axe, hatchet; dgrd-sta battle-axe Lex.; star-ltdy Cs. the back of an axe or hatchet, star - miy the hole for putting the handle in, star-yu the handle, star-so the edge of an axe. jn- stay 1. tiger, ryya-stdy the Bengal ' ' tiger Mil.', stay-pruy a young tiger, stdy-mo a tigress; stay-fsdn a tiger's den; stay - ris the stripes of a tiger's skin. 2. Tar. 166, 2? xjqi'xxr stay-cds Mil. utensils carried by men about them, such as a knife, smoking-implements, weapons etc. OTTfl' stay -pa birch -tree; stay -ma n. of another tree. stay-yziy a not unfrequent form (which prob. has been adapted to Tibetan etymology) for ta-ziy, Persia, Persian. mstay-sa a medicinal herb, Glr., Med.; stay-sa-de-ba Glr. sta g-s ar a youth, young man C., Mil stan-zil Cs.: n. of a black stone, ace. to Zam. a silver-ore. sta?is, Sch. also stdn-Ka, manner, style, posture, yom-pai stans manner of walking, gait; brdeg- stans byed-pa to assume a fighting posture Mil.; ltd-stans v. ltd-ba comp.; ston-pai bzuys- stans the sitting posture of Buddha; C. : *Ko gho- ahon-tan de-mo* his style of dressing is fine, he is well dressed; *tdm-zer-tan Ke- pa* eloquent; even like a mere termination for forming verbal substantives: *zd-taii*, or *tun-tan leg-mo* good eating, drinking. stdd-pa, pf. and fut. bstad, imp. stod, to put on, to lay on, rtd-la sya to put the saddle on a horse, to saddle ; rtd- la O yr6-cas to load the baggage on a horse. RJJ- stan mat, carpet, esp. a carpet for 5 ' sitting on, also a cushion, resp. bzuys- ydan; saddle-cloth: sfan O dw-ba to spread a mat (on the ground), O gebs-pa to lay (a mat) on; *cu-stdn* swaddling-cloth W.; *bol-ten* mattress, *ful-t 1. to rest, to repose, to refresh one's self, sti-(bafy ynas resting-place. 2. to honour (?); (fyti-sidn honour, respect, rever- ence, byed-pa ccd., to show a person honour, frq.; *Uo-la ti-tdn can med* W. he is not esteemed at all, he enjoys no credit whatever: bkiir-sti id , v. bkitr-ba. 221 ii-ba, pf. bstins, fut. ostM, jmp. /5s, to rebuke, scold, abuse Lexx. j. stib(s)-pa to offer (sacrifice), rarely used. stim-pa, pf. bsfims, fut. bstim, imp. s^ws, prop. vb. causative to Jim- pa, gen. = Jim -pa, to enter, penetrate, pervade, to be absorbed in, fugs cos-nyid- kyi kldn-du stim Pth. the soul is absorbed in the expanse of the cos-nyid. M- sfu cunnus, orifice of the vagina, the ^ vulg. and obscene expression for the pudendum muliebre. stug(s~)-pa 1. abstract noun and adj., thickness, density, thick; stuys-po adj., = fag -pa, O fug-po, thick, dense, e.g. a forest, Dzl.-, sound, heavy (sleep, clouds etc.); dpal-stugs right noble, most noble 6s.; stuys-po-bkod-pa Pth. one of the heavens of Buddha. 2. a wind, flatulence 6. sjr'CT" stuii-ba, pf. bstuits, fut bstun, imp. ^ stuns = rtun-ba. sjr-rr stud-pa, pf. and fut. bstud, to repeat, to reiterate, to give or offer repeatedly (medicine, food, beer etc.), bstud -na if it is repeated Mitg.; sbrid-pa mdn-po stiid-cifi ^oii repeated sneezing ensues Lt.; bstud-nas nd-ba to be always ill Sch. ; cf. btud-mar. stun - pa, pf. and fut. bstun, prop. causative to O fun-pa, gen. = Jim- pa, to agree, dye-ba bcu-la bstun-pai ryyal- kriins a law agreeing with the ten virtues Glr. ; O dod-yon Ina dan sti'tn-pai lons-spyod a life of pleasure in accordance with the five enjoyments Glr.; dus-skdbs dan stun- te agreeably to the (proper) time, in due time Glr.; nai zin rmo-ba O di dan stim- pai myur-ma a song having reference to this my labour in the fields Mil.; yzuit dan stun-pa Lex., Cs. : 'to confer, to make agree with the original text'. stub - pa, or ste-pa, Ld., for btub- pa, yte-pa. ste an affix for the gerund, inst. of te, ' after g, /*, and vowels, v. te. As ste contains the copula, it may be added also to other words than verbs, e.g. riijn c,'-:l,'t mt'i>-ba-*f<' as you are of high and noble extraction DzL; like O dt-lta-ste it is also used for namely, to wit. videlicet (viz.), that is to say, esp. before trans- lations of foreign words and names: /- ra-ste mgo-bo zes-byu-ba Tar. 11, 11 ; 4, 1 1 ; 189, 2 and elsewh. In the latter case it may also be rendered by or (Lat. sice). After an enumeration of several things, it serves to point back, or to comprise: za, za, a, ya, sa, sd-ste druy-ni the six letters z, z etc.; ysum nd~ro kyi-yu gren- bu-ste three signs, o, i, and e Glr., 'I'm-. 188, 16; dd-ste zay bdun-na as to the being now, in seven days, i.e. in seven days from to-day DzL', sometimes ste seems to stand in the place of a preceding verb, Feer Introd. 73, s.l.c. ; at other times it is used, where its exact meaning is not obvious. w-gj!' ste-po, or steu, carpenter's axe, adz, ' an axe with its blade athwart the handle (6s.: 'paring axe'), used by Indian and Tibetan carpenters, Rind, bastda, ste- Itdy its back, ste-yii its handle, ste-lci-stay* W. candlestick; *c6s-stay: tmi' W., book-stand; O dug-stegs a board, stool, bench, to sit on 6s.; *do - teg* C. a stone-seat, whether artificial or natural: mod-stegs Cs. 'a board to put vessels on'; por-stegs a cupboard 6s.; *p6-stag* \\'. a bench; zdbs-steys resp. for rkgs; *~!n - teg* C. candlestick. 222 sten ston-pa J,r-- stetl that which is above, the upper part, ' top, surface, sai steii fams-cdd the whole face of the earth Glr.; sen-moi steii- gi sa the earth here upon my finger nail Dzl . ; sten-gi ndm-mfca the heavens above Dzl.', steii - gi pyogs the zenith; sten-^og above and below, sten-^g-gi ydon demons of the upper and lower regions; sten-na adv. and postp. : above, overhead, on high, up-stairs, on the surface, answering to the question where or in what place; sten-du adv. and postp. 1. id., answering to the question whither, to what place, but also where or in what place, e.g. to sit on a lotos, to throw down to the ground, to send a thing or a messenger to a person Dzl., frq. 2. above, over, moreover, besides, in addition to, rgds-pai sten-du in addition to my old age Dzl.', byds-pai sten-du he made it and besides . . . Dzl. ; bdag cos-la mi mos-pa med-pai sten-du bon rdn-la mos I am not only no despiser of religion, but a regular Bon-worshipper Mil. ; steii - nas down from. sten-ka (W. *tdn-/ca*), also sten-tse a terrace. sten-Kan upper story of a house, garret. *sten - dun* (?) W. pestle, pounder. s ^ n -p a i pf- au d fut bsten, imp. sten, to keep, to hold; to adhere to, to stick to, to rely or depend on, almost like rten- pa, but c. accus., bld-ma mKds-pa sten-pa to adhere to a learned Lama; to stick or keep to certain victuals, medicines etc., using them regularly, frq.; even sdug-bsiidl to have to taste misfortunes Thgy.; to addict one's self (to virtues or vices), ser-sna to avarice Sty. ; mi sten-pa = spdn-ba to avoid, shun, abstain from. Glr.', Cs. also: yyog sten-pa to keep a servant in pay. s ^ m ~P a ) pf- an d fut. stems (= sten- pa?), to hold, to support Mil. nf.; to shut or fasten a door, to secure it by a beam or bar. C. 5^. stems curse (?) Tar. 181,20. Cf. byad. SfQ^" steu v. ste'-po. ster-ba, pf. and fut. bster, ccdp. 1. to give B., C., frq.; to bestow, present, grant, concede, allow; with the supine or root of a verb: to let, permit, ndii-du <7>'0('/'), ndn-du Jyfi-du to let enter to grant admission Dzl. '2. W. in a special sense: to give to eat or to drink, to feed (infants, animals). 3. to add (in arithmetic) Wdk. ' ! ter-go* aid, contri- bution C. jnr* stes-dban Lex., where stans-legs is added for explanation; in Tar. 134,7 stes-dban-gis is translated bySc-A/.: power of fate. ^SP|' sto-fag rope Sch. S^q- sto-ba, most frq. in the col. phrase can mi sto it does not matter, it makes no difference, it is all the same (also can mi rtog); Mil.: si run mi sto- ba O dug it does not matter if they die ; si yan ci sto-ste what does it matter if they die? ^J"^"(?) sto-ra W., a circle of dancers. - sto ft 1. thousand, ston-prdg id., ston- ' prag-brgyd-pa (the work) containing ten thousand (viz. Sloka) Kopp. II, 272; Burn. I, 462. stoii-dpon a commander over a thousand; ston- Kor-lo a wheel with a thousand spokes ; las ston byed Med. that is a remedy producing a thousand good effects. - 2. a fine for manslaughter, to be paid in money or goods to the relatives of the person killed; ce-cuh-gi ston byed- pa Glr., to proportion this fine to the rank of the man killed. 3. v. stoii-pa. stoii-grogs v. stons-pa. S^--rj. stdn-pa (*js) empty, clear, rtse-mo tsam yziigs-pai sa ston-pa about so much clear space, as to allow the point of a needle to be stuck in Dzl.; hollow, not charged or loaded (of a gun); not written upon, blank; indifferent, having no distinct or definite quality, e.g. as to taste or smell ; rluii - gi rah - bzin ni ston mod-kyi though wind (or air) in itself is without smell Dzl; waste, deserted, bi-ug- ston A rocky desert , lun - ston a desolate 223 ston-pa valley Mil. ; *zan - ston* Ld. , *dom - stoii* Pur., bare -bottomed, having the bottom bare, vulg. ; *mi ton-pa* W., = *mi /cyan*, v. rkyaii-pa; Kan-stoii a desolate house, as a place suitable for enchantments; fig. *sem- ton -pa rag* W. I feel lonely. - Kton-pa-nyid. ^m, emptiness, vacuity, the void, the chief product of the philosophical speculations of the Buddhists, and the aim and end of all their aspirations, v. Kopp. 1, 214; Burn. 1, 442; 462. (Five synonyms v. Trig. f. 20). stdn - zdd - la skyel - ba to squander, to waste, fse one's life Mil.; stofi-sait-ne absolute vacuity, stoii-saii-ite byds-nas making tabula rasa, keeping, re- taining nothing whatever Thgy. ston- ysdl v. ysal-po. Adv. ston-par in vaiu(?) Mil. sfo/i-ztf (?) W. Corydalis meifolia. stons-pa 1. pf. bstans (DzL), fut. bstan(^}, to accompany, *t6h-te do-ica* C. to go along with a person; cis kyaii mi stons-par O ci I die without any thing following me Thgy.; more frq. stoh- grogs bycd-pa ccgp. (also dat.?) to help, to assist a person Mil. 2. to make empty; to be empty, to become waste or desolate, rdn-gi ynas stons-sin S.g., rat'i-sul sto/ts-nas Mil., your own place becoming desolate; stons-su nye-bar gyur it had become nearly empty, was almost spent or exhausted Pfc/*.; mis stofis-pai tfdn-ro ruins forsaken by men; sans-rgyds-kyis stons-pa Thgy. the period during which no Buddha appears, a mi- Kom-pa v. K6m-pa; sa-yzir stons-pa to level with the ground, to raze, to demolish entirely. g^. xtod, &sk. ^TfT, I- the upper, higher, 5n former part of a thing, the upper half opp. to smad; 1. esp. the upper part of the body, resp. sku-stod Pth.; stod-fcog the upper part of a carcase Sch., also stod-po Mil; stod-tiyebs a sort of frill or ruffle of the Lamas; stod-^dg doublet of the Lamas. without sleeves; sfod-fuu a short coat, jacket. 2. the upper or higher part of a country, stod-pa an inhabitant of it, high- lander. 3. with respect to time : the first part, of the night Dzl, of life Gli:, of winter and the like; stod-la at the upper part of, above. II. v. stdd-pa, and stod-pa. stod-pa 1. vb., pf. and fut. bstod ('to raise, to exalt', opp. to smdd- />) to praise, commend, laud, bddg-stod-pa, W. *rdn-tod-ce*, to praise one's self, *raii- tod-can* a self -admirer, self-flatterer; to extol, to glorify, men, gods etc., frq.; stod- ((//)) bsnays-pa id.; stod-fsig an epithet of praise, a commendable quality. 2. sbst. praise, eulogy, also *tdd-ra* W.; compli- ments, complimentary phrases e.g. in letters; hymn of praise, also stod-bsiidgs, stod- dbydiia, stod-ylu; stdd-pa(t"') byed-pa, W. *p'ul - ce*, ccd. (the former also c. accus.) to praise, to extol; stod-^s laudable, com- mendable, worthy of praise. SJT- ston 1. autumn (more about it v. dus]', ' ' ston brgya mfdti - bar gyur cig may he live to see a hundred autumns! Lt. - 2. in autumn, during autumn B., frq. - 3. = ston-fog. Comp. ston-ka, ston-Ka, autumn, *ston- ka-na, ston -ka- la* in autumn, during autumn. ston-fog autumnal fruit, harvest, ston-fog sdu-ba ( W. also *d6g-ce*} to gather in the produce of the fields, to harvest. - ston-diis harvest-time, autumn, ston- zld autumnal month. S^r-rj. ston-pa I. vb., pf. and fut. bstan, at the end of a sentence bstdn-no (so prob. also in Dzl. 2, 10 the correct reading), W. *(s)tdn-ce*, 1. to show, lam stdn-cig B., *(s}tdn toil* W., *t?n ro.j .)//.- sig* C. show me the way! ston-mKan zig yod somebody has shown Glr. ; bu-mo sgo ston - mlean the girl that has shown the door Mil, mfsdn-mKan-la bu ston-pa to show the soothsayer a child Dzl.; lus *f<>/i- pa, applied to deities etc. : to show one's self, to appear DzL; rdzu-Jjrul ston-pa to show, to exhibit magic tricks, v. rdzu\ dmdg-pa yin-no zcs bstdn-ta 'this is the bridegroom!' with these words showing, i. e. introducing him as the bridegroom 224 ston-mo Dzl 2AS, 3. 2. = ytod-pa, to face, to front, to look towards, sgo lho-pyogs-su ston the door faces the south Glr. 3. to point out, to Indicate, describe, explain, ce-ba the greatness or superiority of a thing Mil.; bit-mo skye bar O gyur-bar ston -pa yin it indicates that a girl will be born Wdii.; ci- dra zig (yod) ston dgos give me a de- scription of her person Glr. ; bstcin-par byao now I will explain that, frq. ; )i-ltar byon- pa bstdn-pai leu the chapter describing the arrival; hence to teach, cos religion; Inn v. lun. 4. W. to make one undergo or suffer, to inflict (just as *fdn-c"-%, fe'-kan-la* Ts. straight on; fad- dran-na directly before Wdn.; *fad-nyd* W. over against, opposite, facing; fdd-so-na = ff/d-ka-na Mil. 2. fdd-kar each for himself Glr. 3. entire, whole, untouched, safe (integer) 6'. and perh. Thgy. J^' frq. abbreviation for S^^'-S^s" fams- cdd, whole, all. 5J3T fan, Hind. ^7^, = yua, a piece of cloth. , fan-kor, tan-skor Lex., surround- ing country Sch. fan-tun (Schr. fad-fun) a little Sch. fdn-pa dry weather, heat, drought Glr. q- fab 1. resp. ysol-fdb, fire-place, hearth, me-fdb, id.; also for stove, Icags-fdb iron stove; fab sor 'the hearth is running over 1 , i.e. the food placed on it runs over in boiling, a mis-hap the more serious, as the household god is offended by the evil smell caused thereby. 2. v. sub can. Comp.: *fdb-ka* W. fire-place, *fdb-ka tsam yod* how many fire-places, i.e. house- holds, are there? fab-fcun opening or mouth of a stove, furnace, or fire-place; v. also Schl. 249. fab - jrnds fire-place, furnace, oven 6s. *fab-fsdn* W. kitchen. - fab-pyis, W. * fab-pis* clout, dish-clout, wiper. fab-yzob burnt smell. - *fab- fdm-ga. fd, lt -l, Ids cd-Kan* W. cook. fab-yydg kitchen- boy, scullion l*th. fob-Mil fire -wood, fuel. fab-lhd deity of the hearth. fab-fob W. = fom-fom. gq^f fab * ( c g- to stabs), opportunity, chance, possibility, *fon-or dul-fdb majuii* W. I had no opportunity of seeing or going; *fab sig nyi-rdii-ne mi jiin-na* W. if you offer no chance, if on your part it is not made possible; fabs mi fub Dd. and col. I am not able, I cannot; ydan-drdiis-pai fabs med I then shall lose the opportunity of meeting (the princess) Glr.; O bros-pai fabs med there is not any chauce of escape Glr. ; lam - la yzol - tabs med there is no occasion for stopping- or tarrying on the road Mil.; way, manner, mode, klog-fabs way of reading, e.g. Sanskrit; rkun-fabs- su in a thievish manner, by theft Stg. ; rgydl-poi fabs yton-ba to give up the way (of life) of a king, to resign the crown DzL, fabs ycig-tu together, in company, jointly, e.g. to sit down with one another, to go together to a place, frq.; means, measures, fabs byed-pa, W. *co-ce, Kyon-ce* to use means, to take measures; bio fabs O fsol-ba to contrive means Ma.; fabs ston- pa to show means or ways, to give di- rections, to instruct Glr. ; O fso-fabs liveli- hood, subsistence; fabs zad there is nothing else to be done Glr.; zi-bai fdbs-hyis in a fair way, amicably, not by constraint or compulsion Glr.; fdbs-ki/is by various means, by artifice, cunningly, craftily: fdbs(-la)-mMs-pa, fdbs-ses-pa, W. also *fdb - can*, skilful, dexterous, clever, full of devices; da bdd-du O gro-fabs gyis sig now take steps, make preparations, for a jour- ney to Tibet Glr. ; de yson-poi fabs ydd- dam is there a means of recalling those men to life? fabs-cdg Mil., * fab -sag* or *feb-sdg* vulgo, a shift, make- shift, surro- gate; fabs (dan) ses (-rab) the mystical union of art and science, or (Sch. less cor- rectly) of matter and spirit, cf. Was. (144). fdm-ga, fdm-ka a seal, sign ('., v. 230 tdl-ba fam-fdm Sch. 1. also fdm-me-ba, unconnected, scattered, dispersed. 2. fam-fdm (byed) -pa = O fdm-pa. Cf3TT f am ~P a (sometimes fern -pa) com- plete, full, almost exclusively used as a pleon. addition to the tens up to hundred. fams-cdd whole, all; added- to the singular number : rgyal-K'dms fams-cdd the whole empire Glr. ; lus fams- cdd na the whole body aches (opp. to one part of it); bod-kyi zans fams-cdd all the copper of Tibet Glr.; more frq. added to a plural (though usually in the form of the singular number): all (the persons or things), de fams-cdd, rarely de-dag fams- cdd, all those; fams-cdd-kyis so-so-nas all of them one by one, each. fdms-pa (= O fdm-pa?), sa, or bye- fdms-su ^jug-pa to suffer (a person or beast) to stick fast in the mud, in the sand (?) Glr. 84. 5^' fau Wdn. capsule (?), Wts. peach (?). ^\ far v. far-for. >. far-for (-la) = fa-ra-fo-re (cf. ; 'far c6s-se dug* Ld. sit wide asunder, not too close together! far byed-pa Mil to break to pieces, to smash, to crush. fdr-nu a purgative Afed. far-dpdg, C. *far- bda*, W. *td- bag* a large plate, dish, platter. fdr-ba to become free, to be saved, *far gos, or goi* W. he must become free, las from ; to be not hindered or pre- vented, to get through, to get on, to be able to pass, cu-la through the water Mil.; zas mi far the food cannot pass through Med. ; to be released, acquitted, discharged, *(im- na* C. by a court of justice; fdr-du O jug- pa to set at liberty, to acquit, with fse (col. *fse - far - la tan - wa*) to pardon (a malefactor;, to grant him his life, frq., to let live (animals) Mil.; often in a religious sense (with or without -mam -par") to be Saved, freed, released, viz. from the trans- migration of souls; more frq. the pf. far- pa 1. to be free etc., lam far the road is free, passable. 2 sbst. freedom, liberty, hap- piness, eternal bliss, jff^ fdr-pai rgyur O ayur it will be serviceable for (my) liberty; far- (pa*) lam the road to happiness (a common expression); far-med-kyi dmy al- ba hell without release. 3. adj. free, far- par O gyitr-ba to become free, byed-pa to make free, to liberate, to save; fdr-sa place of refuge, asylum Thgy. qqr fal, sometimes for fa-li; fdl-gyis v. fdl-ba II. 3. - fdl-ba I. sbst. 1. dust (cf. rdul\ ashes, and similar substances; gog- fdl ashes; *fug-fdl* ('soup- dust') roasted barley -flour C. fal-kdr a kind of ele- phant, Cs., perh. the ash-coloured. fdl- cu lye. tal-cen ashes of the dead; also a sort of light gray earth, representing the former, and used for bedaubing the face in masquerades Mil. fal - tag Ld. un- leavened bread. fal-mdog ash-coloured, cinereous. fal-pydgs broom Sch. fal- byi the gray or cat-squirrel. fal-fsd a sort of salt Med. -- 2. bya-fal dung of birds Glr. II. vb. (C*. also O fdl-ba) 1 . to pass, to pass by, *fal ca dug* W. he goes past, he does not come in; *zdm-pa fal ca dug*, he goes past the bridge, does not pass over it; to miss the mark, of an arrow or ball ; rba fal - fal ^on the waves flow past Mil. 2. to go, step, pass beyond, lo Ind-bcu fdl-nas when the age of fifty has been passed Wdn.; *cu-fsod ycig fsd- big fal* W. a little past one o'clock; sno- ba-las fal-nas dmar-zin Thgy., prob. inclin- ing from blue to red; to be in the ad- vance C.; to project, to be prominent, hence fal-fu/t different lengths, one object pro- jecting beyond another; to play a promi- nent part, to take the lead W.; fdl-ces-pa to exceed the due measure &//.: *h : a fal- wa* to be forward in speaking, bold. 3. to go or pass through, brag -la yar fal mar fal, and par fal fsur fdl-du O gro-ba to soar up and down before a rock, and 231 tdl-mo fiy-l to pass actually through it (the saints not being subject to the physical laws of matter) Mil, Thgr.; to shine, to light through; tal- byi'in-du O gro-ba to go straightforward, to act Without ceremony or disguise Dzl. ?vS3, 3 ; fdl-ma Sch., fdl-le C., through and through; fdl-gyis directly, straightway, unhesi- tatingly Mil. 4. to come or get to, to arrive at ( W. *fel-ce*}, fdl-nas lo ysum Ion three years have elapsed since they arrived ; pa-ma gar fdl-bai )tol-med; bzan-fdl safe arrival Thgr.; ydr-yyi bzdn-fal cen-por O gro-ba to arrive at, attain to (a blessed state) in a pleasant and speedy manner Thgr. 5. to be over, past, finished, done, fdl-lo of a song: it is over, finished Mil.; drug-cu fdl-lo the number of sixty is full; ydl - nas fdl - ba Mil. having disappeared, vanished ; stor - te (or stor - nas) fal he is undone, it is all over with him Mil. frq.; rim-g-yis je nyun je nyun tal by degrees it vanishes , dies away Mil. ; snar cad - fsig fal the former agreement is no longer valid; fal son col. = fsar son. Tar. 46, 5.12? 172,5: fdl-gyur-pa Schf. follower, adherent, or the name ol a certain sect. fdl-mo the palm of the hand, fdl-mo sbydr-ba to hold together the palms of the hands, as a gesture of devotion; fdl-mo snun-pa Dzl., more frq. fal-lcdy ryydb-pa to give a slap on the face, a box on the ear; fal-brddb-pa to clap with the hands Sch. fj" fi num. fig.: 40. S-qr fi-yu v. fd-gu; fi-yu-Krd-bo (?) C. = " J *'ar-gon* W. g.^. fi-ba 1. wood-pigeon, stock-dove Sch.; fi-bo plover, peewit, lapwing Sch. - 2. C. = fe-ba. fjq- %, prob. from fi-yu, 1. carpenter's ' cord or string to mark lines with, marking-string, fiy(-yis) O debs-pa to use such a string, to draw lines. 2. any instru- ment used in drawing lines; skor-fig a pair of compasses, yya - fig slate - pencil, lead-pencil ; also a line drawn with a lead- pencil ; *fiy - ta tan - ce* W. c. genit. to examine, try, test. 3. a line, fig- debs- pa, ryyag-pa, ryyab-pa, to draw lines; gun-fig the meridian line Cs.; nag -fig or snag-fig a black line, fsal-fig a red line; fsahs-fiy diameter; equator Cs. 4. symb. numeral for zero. 5. v. tiff. Comp. fic ' *zag fu-mi p. n., v. fon-mi. fu-re uninterrupted Sch. fu-lum a lump of metal B.; W. cannon-ball: fug, C. also *fug-pa*, c. accus. until, to, in reference to time and space; zib-cu fug* for forty days; only col. fug -com Sch.: 'dreadful noise 7 ; Thgr. fug-fsom; Mil. fug-syrd id. fugs fug -pa I. sbst. soup, broth, O bras- fug rice-soup, bag -fug meal- soup, gruel, rgya-fug Chinese soup, a sort of vermicelli-soup 6'.; fug-fdl v. fdl-ba. II. vb. 1. to reach, arrive at, come to, c. dat. or termin., fsei rnfar fug -pa to reach the natural term of life Dzl.\ to come or go as far as Dzl.; riis-pa-la fug- pa to pierce to the quick Dzl. ; si-la fug fse Mil., c ci-bar fug-pa-la Lt. when one is near death; . . . la fug-gi bar - du till, until Dzl., Tar., Pth.; bzun-la fug he was just on the point of seizing her Dzl. ; * 'sad- da fug* W. going to kill; si-la (or bsdd- pa-la) fug-pa often means deserving death (of culprits) Dzl.; fse O po-ba-la fug kyan though life is at stake Dzl.', in like man- ner W. : *lus srog dan fug-te ca dutf he goes at the peril of his life; fug-yas not to be reached, endless 6s. 2. to meet, to light upon, c. la or dan, O prdd-pa, esp. col. *nyi-rdn-la fug-ga-la yoi/s* W. he has come to see you; *fug yin* W. we shall meet again, = till we meet again! a revoir! )dg-pa dan fug -pa Mil. to fall in with robbers; ydon fug -pa fug -pa', ci-la fug run Mil., *ghd-la fug kyan* C. whatever may happen to me; fug-cdd agreement to meet Sch. 3. col. to touch, to hit or strike against, W.: "-rutty -Kan* here it touches, or strikes against; here is the rub; *lag-pa mi fug yin* 1 shall not touch it, I shall not come near with my hand ; *de-la fug kyan ma fug* W. do not even touch it! fugs, resp. for snyin, yid, sems, bsdm- pa, bio etc., and whenever mental qualities or actions are spoken of in respect- ful language, v below. 1. heart, breast, in a physical sense, gen. fugs-ka; fugs - kyi sprul-pa the incarnation of a deity, ori- ginating in a ray of light which proceeds from the breast of that deity Glr. 2. heart, in a spiritual sense, mind, soul, spirit, will, v. below; design, purpose, intention, sbyin-pai fug zlog-tu ysol we beg to desist from the intention of giving Dzl.; under- standing, intellect Glr. (v. sgdm-pa); fugs- 233 tugs fun su cud-pa = K6n-du cud-pa-, fugs-su Q byon- pa to be kept in mind, in memory Mil. ; also = yid-du ^.on-ba ni f. ; cf. Q gro-ba. 3. fugs-la btdys-so v. O dogs-pa. 4. for fugs-rje or bka-drin, fugs mdzdd-pa to grant or show a favour Dzl. 5 in the phrase fugs mi fub-pa, with the genit. of the inf., it is used without ceremonial distinctions for to venture, to risk, to dare Dzl. Comp. fugs-ka v. above fugs-mKyen resp. for mnon - ses Mil. fugs - Jtrugs resp. for Kon-Jcrugs Ma. fugs-dgons = dgons-pa II.; tugs-dgohs ytoh-ba = bsam- blo yton-ba to muse, meditate, reflect Mil. fugs(-su) ^gro-ba resp. for yid-du ^6n- ba to be agreeable; agreeable, pleasant, delightful; pleasure, delight, .. .la in (a thing) Mil. fugs-rgydl resp. anger, wrath, in- dignation Mil., fugs-rgyal bzens anger arises, is roused. fugs-ndn grief, sorrow, afflic- tion Dzl. fugs-ces-pa resp. for yid-ces- pa to believe. tugs-rje prop, respectful word for snyin-rje pity, commiseration, com- passion; gen. grace, mercy, generosity, na- la fugs-rje(s} yzigs pray, look graciously upon me! Mil; even thus: sd-bon zig fugs - rje yzigs dgos, pray, be so kind as to send me some seeds! W. fugs-rjes O dzin-pa, fugs-rje mdzdd-pa id. fugs- rje -can gracious, merciful, generous. - (lha) fugs-rje cen-po the All - merciful, Awalokiteswara. fugs-dam, prop. resp. for yi-dam, 1. oath, vow, solemn promise, e.g. bed - ba to take (an oath), to make (a vow). 2. a prayer, a wish in the form of a prayer, = smon-lam. \\. contemplation, the act of contemplating a deity (cf. sgom- pa and sgrub-pa); meditation in general, Mil. frq., fugs -dam O pel meditation in- creases, proceeds successfully; devotion. 1. a deity, a tutelar god or saint, a patron Glr. - fugs-nyid v. sems-nykl, sub sems. - fugs-mug resp. for yi(d)-mug despair. - fugs bde-ba, mi bde-ba, v. bde-ba. fugs- ytsigs-pa to be cautious Sch.\ v. however ytsigs-pa. fugs-brtse-ba love, affection of the heart, compassion, resp. for ba, frq., fugs-brtse-bar dgons-pa, yzigs-pa, with la, to look upon compassionately, to remember in mercy. fugs-rob Sch. = ses-rdb. fugs-n'ts Alii. = snyiti-i'us. fuys-(kyi} sras Mil, Tar., spiritual son, an appellation given to the most distinguished scholars of saints. fu ~n a * nree y ears ' c ' f animals Sch. fun-ba, col. fun-itu, Ld. *fuh-se*, short, relative to space, time, quan- tity of vowels etc.; fun-itu ^/ro-ba to be- come shorter ; but the word is not so much used as 'short' is in English; yid fun-ba Dzl., spro fun-ba Wdn. passionate, hot- tempered, hasty. -- fud cheese made of buttermilk, or of NS ' cur-pe, butter and milk Ld., Glr., Pth.; ^o-fud milk -cheese, made of curd, or of milk coagulated with runnet. qj- fun I. a regular amount, a fixed quan- ts ' tity 1. of time, a certain length of time, as long as a man is able to work without resting, a Shift, six, four, or three hours; Schf. translates Tar. 67, 17 even by one hour; a night-watch, mel-fse fun O fcor the night - watch is over Dzl. ; fun bzii rnal-Jbyw the meditation of a whole day Mil. ; *fun cdd - ce* W. (the cock) announces the watch (by crowing); fun bzun-ba Pth. prob. to have the watch; nam-gyi gun-fun-la at or about midnight; srod-kyi gun-fun-la Mil. prob. id. 2. a dose of medicine Med. frq. fun-log ? II. in sorcery : bodies or substances which are supposed to be possessed of magic virtues, such as sand, barley, cer- tain seeds etc., fun- don a hole in which such substances are concealed; fun-rd a horn to carry them; fun ?so-ba to revive a charm Mil nt. III. one who collects, a gatherer (from fu - ba ) , sin - fun one who picks up or gathers sticks Mil. ; rtsa - fun a gatherer of grass , snye - fun a gatherer of ears of corn Cs.; fun-zor reaping-hook, sickle Sch. IV. fun, or more frq. tun-mon(s\ usual, 15* 234 fub-pa daily, what is done or is happening every day; common, general, diws-gmb fun-moiis earthly goods, as well as intellectual en- dowments, considered as common property, but not spiritual gifts; fun-min, tun-moi>s ma yin-pa unusual, uncommon, not for every body; *cig-la cig fun-mon co* take good care to live together in harmony W. ; fun- moh-du or su in common, in company, jointly; fun -mo it by itself is also used as adv., = fun-spyir, in general. O*T fub-pa (i[e^) I. vb., c. accus., SO- NS metimes c. ^lat., 1. to get the better of, to be able to cope with, to be a match for (an enemy), to be able to stand or bear (the cold etc.), to be able to do one harm, to get at One, dug-gis ma fub-cin as the poison could not do him any harm DzL; to be able to quench, extinguish, keep off e.g. fire, hail Glr. ; fZdn-gyis mi fub-pa invincible, not to be overcome; nan dgu fub-pa to be able to subdue every thing that is bad Lt.; to have under one's com- mand or control, to keep under, e.g. one's own body; to be able to bear, e.g. mis fub-par dka (water from a glacier) is not easily borne by man, i.e. does not agree with him Med. ; ras rkyan fub - pa to be able to bear a simple cotton dress Mil.] lo bi'gya fub-pa to live to (the age of) a hundred years, frq. 2. with a supine or verbal root, to be able, col. the usual word, in B. gen. nus-pa; cf. "/tub-pa. II. sbst. 1. ijT^r a mighty one, one having power and authority, sa-kya-fub-pa Buddha; a wise man, a sage, a saint in general, jjf^f. 2. symb. num. for 7. nxyxjy fum(s), also fum-pa Cs., fum-po : Sch. t 1. cover, covering, wrapper, of a book or a parcel; rgydb-pa Sch. to put (a cover round a thing), to wrap up; *sig-pa* C., W., *sdn -pa* C. to take off (a covering); fum-can having a cover. 2. a parcel wrapped up (in paper etc.); O bru-tan-fum bcas together with a small parcel of tea. T fum-pa 1. v. fum. 2. v. ynyid. n$rq* fum-bu, fom-bu a large spoon, a ladle; rag -fum a brass ladle, zans-tum a copper ladle. nr' fur 1. 6s. a declivity (?), prob. only NO adverbially: down; fur -lam a down- hill road; fur-la, fur-du down, downward, O gr6-ba to go down, nub-pa to sink down; mgo fur-du bstdn-te head down, head over heels Sty. ; *t-i-pi fur-la sub-ce* W. to un- cock one's cap. 2. v. fur -mgo, and fur-ma. TCf fur -mgo 1. the tip of a spoon, fur-mgo fsam as a measure Mil. - 2. also for-mgo halter, *fur-go cug-ce* W. to bridle, to bit (a horse); * fur -la fen-ce* W. to strive, to struggle against; to rear. fur- fag the rein, fur-mfa the end of the rein. ^-x- nr ^ tiir _ m foa | ? C0 |t, fjiiy. N5 fur-ma, W. *fur-rnan*, 1. spoon. 2. Chinese chopsticks. 3. a pole Dzl. 9V9-, 4. 4. a whole class of surgical instruments S.y. qor ful 1. egg (ace. to Cunningham a NS Cashmiri word), ful-ta-gir pancake. 2. v. O dul-ba, also substantively : ful de min besides this way of converting (people) Pth.; ful Jg-tu jug -pa Tar. 25, 16 to keep a tight hand over a person, to dis- cipline one; zin-gi ful O debs-pa Ld.-Glr. to clear land for tillage, ni f. fiil-pa, Cs. also ful-po, dress made of the skins of animals, a furred coat or cloak Mil lug-ful dress of sheep- skin, rd-ful dress of goat-skin, ful-lu the common sheep-skin dress ; *ful - can* W. wide, not fitting close or tight. nq-q- ful-ba 1 . pf. to O dul-ba, to tame, curb, NO check, restrain, Mil. : nds O dre-rnams ful-nas the goblins having been subdued by me; las nyon-mons ful-ba dka it is difficult to check a sinful deed Mil. ; parti- ciple: tamed, civilized; converted. 2. to roll or wind up /,//. or fi V- a ^ so *^' ~ ba*, pf- fes $cA., the col. syn. of y toys-pa, seldom in It., 1. to belong, appertain to, c. la. 2. to occupy one's self with a thing, to meddle with, to interfere, c. dan (= dri-ba); fe- mKan belonging together, c. la, belonging to a thing; *ma-fe-a* W. for ma-fe-bar, - ma -y togs -par', fe-reg the connexion or relation of ownership, di-la ydb-kyi fe- irij ined to this my father has no claims Mil. nt. 3j.^i. ft -bo, fe-bon W. thumb, v. feb-mo. fe-mo, col. fe-tee, diminutive feu, resp. pyag-fe seal, signet, stamp, *fe-tse yydb-ce, or ndn-ce* to seal, to. stamp; sa- fe Tar. 79, 12(?); *fe-tse lag-kor tdn-wa* to engage, to bind one's self by a seal in some common concern. fa-t*dm doubt, scruple, uncertainty, perplexity, fe-fsom skyes, byed(W. : "co*), za, fe-fsom-du gyur I am doubtful; fe-fsom za-ba-rnams scrupulous, irresolute persons Pth.; * fe-fsom man-po rag* W. I am in great perplexity, I am quite at a loss; fe-fsom ziy O dri-ba to utter a doubt Dzl " fe-ran v. feu-raii. g.^. fe-rc col. straight, upright, firm ; smooth, without folds or wrinkles; fe-re fin C. draw (the carpet) smooth. fe-rel W. incomplete, defective, un- finished, fe-i*el-la lus son (the loaf) is not whole, there has already been cut from it. co - feg-pa 1. sbst. -qrrr, 1 vehicle, car- riage, riding-beast, rtai feg-pa-la zon he mounted on horseback Dzl; f(>y-pa l/'ta- f>r;/i/d bsams he procured five hundred con- veyances (horses, elephants, cuiTmges) />:/. 235 2. for attaining to salvation, feg-pa ysum three conveyances are generally mentioned, but in most cases only two are specified, viz. feg-(pa) dman (-}>.s Ina five times Pth. ; dl>K\, Sch.i 'at first, begun'; our Lama explained it by 'to lead, to guide', v. fog I, 4. cjzn-^r- fog - tsdd W. story (of a house) ; ' fog-so Mil nt. id. s v. O dogs-pa, and O fogs-pa. fogs-pa, c. la, to strike, stumble, run against (like fug-pa v. 3); to be hindered, impeded, delayed, frq. : mi Kyi gdn - laan fogs -pa med - du without being hindered by men, dogs, or anything else Mil. ; foys-pa-med-pa, fogs-med, fogs-brdugs- (or(b)rtuc/-)med-pa, %*{$ not hindered, un- impeded, unchecked; all-searching, all-pene- trating. |(6" fon, fon-sol a plough. Ij*P* fon-Ka Mil, fon-ga MrigJ |j-q- fon-pa 1. Cs. a ploughman. 2. 6s.: 'a ram that is castrated, wether; ra- fon a castrated he-goat'; according to my authorities, however, fon-pa, and ra-fi'n't signify a ram and he - goat one year old, fon - fser and ra - fser being the feminine forms (?) 3. fon-pai lo Mil. the years between childhood and manhood, juvenile years, Sch. fon-po, cf. Kyog-fon. 'fT fon-spu mane of the camel Sch. fons-pa Mil.? g- tod 1. Cs. a head-ornament, crown; gen. J the usual covering for the head in the East, turban, la-fod Glr. id.; dbu-fod resp.; sd-yig fod-du bciiis-pai ka the letter k having for a crown the letter s: S Zam. - 2. = fog L: *go-fo* C. over or above the door; Jca-fod-la, Ka-fog-la, tfa-tod-la, up, upon Ld. 3. threshold, yd-fod, md- fod = yd-re, md-re. 4. v. fod-pa. 5. fod-rgdl ce-ba (fon?) Mil., ace. to the con- text: angry, wrathful. 6. fod-fod v. su. Ijr-rr fod-pa 1. skull, cranium; skull of a ' dead person, death's head ; fod-skdm a dry skull, fod-rlon a fresh skull Thgr. ; fob-pa fod-Krdg a skull filled with blood Thgr.; fod-por a drinking -cup made of a skull. - 2. col. forehead, brow; fod-rtsd vena frontalis Lt. ; fod-cins, fod-Kebs, tod-brgydn, turban. .... f.od-le-kor Lex. alabaster: Tar. 67, 18 Schf. = ^fe^t chalk c|i- ton v. O fon-pa and O don-pa; fon-pa C. ' also : good, fair, beautiful; smrd-bar fon- pa eloquent. H*"^j- fon-mi, or fu-mi sam-bho-ta n. of the minister that was sent to India by king Sronbtsansgampo, in order to pro- cure an alphabet for writing. SpJ' fob 1. v. tob-pa. 2. v. O debs-pa. - tob-cu Schr., *fob-ce, tob-ci, teb-cu* C., button (v. tob-ci). -rt- fob-pa I. vb. (synon. to myed-pa, and exclusively in use in W.) 1. to find, frq. 2. to get. obtain, nas fob 7^., i(d-la fob col., I find, I get; fob -par O gyur-ba id.; to partake of. to come to. dad-pa faith (to come to the faith) Mil.; to obtain, to get possession of, to subject to one's power Dzl. ; da-drdg fob-mfdr Gram.: after (words) that have got a da-di'd successively, Dzl.\ by degrees, gradually. infos-kiwi Zam. = H^?T, border, limit? cf. mfa compounds. mfin ace. to Cs. : 'indigo', and 'mfih- sin indigo - plant' ; ace. to a Lama from Lhasa however: 1. mountain - blue (which is found, together with malachite, in the hills near Lhasa). 2. from the resemblance : indigo-colour (whereas indigo as a substance is rams), and esp. a light sky-blue, azure; cf. mfon-mfin. mtin-ril, Lex. a certain bird; Sch. : a sort of wild duck; ace. to Pth. a smaller bird. mtiu v. mfeu. f a vessel, of the sea; floor, of a room Glr.; foundation, of a house. 2. the lower side of a thing; inner or lower part of a thing, Idg-mfil (resp. pyag-mfil} the palm of the hand; lag-mfil- na in the closed hand ; lag - mtil gan a closed handful ; rkan-mfil (resp. zabs-mfil} the sole of the foot ; lham - mtil the sole of a shoe ; mfil bzi the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet. 3. the back- ground, the far end, of a cave, a tunnel etc. - 4. C.: the centre, the principal or chief part, of a town; the principal place, chief city, capital, of a country. 5j. mfu 1. power, force, strength, of the NO body, of the mind, of Buddha, of a prayer, of witchcraft etc. ; ability, power or authority to do a thing; mfu dan Iddn-pa strong, powerful, efficacious, able etc., mfu- med powerless, feeble, unable; *mi za fu me* C. I must eat it; bsgrub-7ni-nus-mfu-med-la son we must be able to fulfil it Mil.: mfu- 241 mfo-ba zig-yis by an extraordinary manifestation of power or strength DzL; klui mfu yin that is an effect of the Lus, is produced, comes from the Lus Sty. ; mfits by virtue Of, frq. ; mfu - stobs = mfu. 2. magic, witchcraft, mfu jtoii-ba Mil., mfu O debs-pa, *tdb-ce* W., to practise witchcraft, to in- jure a person by magic spells, to bewitch Mil. and col. frq.; mfu ser brtad fsum- po rdzogs-par bslabs conjuring, raising tempests, exorcising ghosts, all these things I have learned thoroughly Mil.; mfu-bo- ce high-potent, high and mighty Tar. mfug v. %. mfud-pa v. O fud-pa mfun-pa, also O fun - pa, to agree, to harmonize; agreement, harmony; agreeing etc., 1. in a general sense, c. c- (I ait, . . yin-par don mfun-no they agree in the opinion of her being . . . Glr.; mfun- l>(ir byed-pa to make agree, to bring to an agreement, to make consistent, mf tin- par O f/yi'ir-ba to be made agreeing or consistent Glr. ; dgons-pa ycig-tu mfun-pa unanimous; lhai lugs dan mfun god -like (in deeds) Glr. ; rigs mfun-pa of equal birth; lo mfun- pa of the same age, contemporary; bio mfun-te being of the same mind, similarly disposed, cos byd-bar with respect to re- ligion Glr.; Ka mfun-par with one mouth, iji'ox in f ii it -par with one accord, unani- mously, as one man; grabs mfun-pa to live in harmony; to be adequate, correspond- ing to. e.g. yid (dan} mfun-par, resp. fugs (lnii mfun-par, to one's wish, as one could desire = yid bzin-du; nad dan mf fin-par corresponding to the disease, fit or proper for the disease. -- 2. in a special sense 1. viz. yid dan, to be wished for, desirable. particularly in mfun-rkytn, v. rkyen; also: to wish, to like, to delight in, Kyed-nwm*- /y//-s mfini-pai rdzas things wished for by you, desirable to you Mil.; 2. with or without yciy-la yl-ig: mfitn-nas whenever they (the two nations) lived in peace with cadi other (opp. to Jtin-nai) Glr.; mft'tn- p(i> ytain byed-pa to converse amicably Glr. , to enter into negotiations of peace Glr.; mfun-par byed-pa 1. v. above, 2. to caress, to fondle, to dandle Glr.: sin-tu ntft'iH-par yod they are on the best terras with each other, are making love to each other Glr.; mfun-po bsdad Q dug col. id.; mfun-po byed-pa to be kind, affable, con- descending Mil. (opp. to being proud, cold, reserved) : rgya bod jnyis mfun ^oh there will be a good understanding between China and Tibet Glr.; mi mfun-^pai pyogs fams- cdd-las rgydl-ba to gain the victory over all the hostile parties; mfun- gfjur-gyi yi- ge C. letter of recommendation; mfun-can W. gentle, peaceful. * mfui\ also mtiir-mgo, v. fur-mgo, halter, rta-mfur Lex. id.; mfur-fdg rein, reins Sch.; mfur-mfd the end of the reins, e.g. to place them into the hands of another. " mfus v. mfu 1. ^tq.gi' mfe-bo, col. mfe'-bo/i, mfe-cen, mfi'b- mo (v. also fe bo), thumb, rkdn-pai mfe'-bo the big toe; mfeb-cun the little finger, the little toe Glr. agn- mfeu 1. a little hammer; 2. mfeu-ciin - the little toe. j^ mfo 1. a span, from the end of the thumb to the end of the middle finger when extended; mfo jdl-ba or yzdl- ba, W. *tdb-ce*, to span, to measure by the hand with the fingers extended; mfo ydn, mfo re team a span (in length), mfo do two spans. 2. v. mfo-ba. mfo -yon a little triangular re- ceptacle into which the likeness of an enemy is placed, to whom one wishes to do harm by witchcraft W. tib earnest-money IT. 1. to be high: highness, height; high, lofty, elevated. />'. (<'. / />;//-/) , frq. fig.; rigs a'-:/<'i mf<> - />' bfinir <>< high and noble birth D:l.\ m- mountiiiir ili:: c. accus. or instruin., high IG 242 mfor't-ga mfon-po as to (stature, rank etc.) mfo-na when I am high, when I rise; mfo-ba ynon-pa to lower what is high, to bring down, to humble, frq.; -/'HIS mfo-mfo byas-pas dma- dmd byun the more I was aspiring, the more I was brought low Pth. sbyin-pa mfo-ba Stg. was explained: gifts or alms bestowed from a sincere heart. 2. hammer, v. fo-ba; mfo-po-tog a stone used as a hammer Cs. Comp.: mfo-Kyad height, highness Dzl - info-dogs, Pth. (together with yyo-sgyu, and prag - dog} perh. mistrust, suspicion; * ton - dod - can* W. ambitious, aspiring, aiming at things too high. mfo - spyod W. a haughty manner. mfo-dmdn I. Cs. high and low, uneven; also Schr. 2. height, mfo-dmdn mnydm-pa of equal height Glr. mfo- fsdm(s)-pa v. fo- fsdm-pa. mfo- ris heaven, abode of the gods, paradise. Elysium. m ^ 0fl ~9 a & c h-> mfons-Ka Pth., chest. breast, mfori - ga - nas O dzm-pa to seize by the breast Pth. mfon-ba to see, 1. vb. n. to have the power of vision, often with mig(-gis); mfon-bar O gyur-ba to obtain the faculty of seeing, to recover one's sight; mfon-bar byed-pa to make (the blind) see Dzl.; mig - gis nye mfon riii mi mfon he sees only when the object is near, not when it is far, he is short-sighted Med. ; nye-mfon short-sighted Sch. 2. vb. a. 1. to perceive, by the eye, to see, to behold, bod - tyi ri mfon-bai ri an eminence from whence one can see the mountains of Tibet Glr.; mi yzdn-gyis mfoii-sar (a place) where one can be seen by others; de bu-mos mfon- bar mdzdd-do he made it visible to the girl, he made her see it Dzl. ; mfon-ba zig yod- na if there is one that has seen it, if there exists a witness Dzl. ; de mfon-ste ses seeing this, I came to know, i.e. from this I saw, I perceived; mfon fos dran reg, frq., the seeing, hearing, touching, thinking of (e.g. a form of prayer, or magic formula); ma ^on-bar, (or ^on-bd) mfon -nas as he saw his mother coming. 2. with accus. and terrain. : to regard, consider, take for, Thgy. ; rdzas dkar ser-por mfon Lt. taking white things for yellow ones. 3. to meet. find, catch. 4. to know, understand, perceive (mentally) Mil. :>. col. to undergo, suffer, endure, mis- fortunes, pain etc. (cf. stonpa 4), mi mfon nifi'ii't-ba to suffer what is not to be suffered, not bearable nif., cf. ltd-ba. Comp. mfoh-K'un Cs. 'a window', prob. for mfons-Kuii. mfon-sgom-can Thgy. was explained: one who instantly knows and understands every thing he sees(?) mfon - ^o/-, mfoit - mfa, the reach of sight. range of vision Cs., *fdn -Jc.or - la bor* W. do not take them (the horses) farther than you can see them; the horizon Cs.' mfoii- dug ('eye-poison') evil-eye Sch.; envy, grudge, jealousy. mfon-sndu v. snan-ba. mfon- byed that which sees, the eye Cs. ; the sub- stance which is the source of vision, a species of gall, ^iHH^i. Med> mfoh- lam the path of obtaining the power of sight, a mystical state Was. (139) mfdn- lugs the way of beholding, of viewing a thing; notion, idea, opinion = sndh-ba, mfni'i- lugs j-sum-du byun three different opinions were forming Glr. anopeningforthesmoke in a ceiling or roof, also mfo/ts - I'liii. - 2. also mfdns-Ka, pavilion, platform, open gallery, on a flat roof Glr. (Cs.: 'impluvium, or the opening in the middle of a square building', for which, however, the Tibetan word seems to be Kyams or Kyams-mfdiis*). mfons-ka silk ornaments on the borders of a painting Cs. mfons-spa Cs. : to lose one's senses ; perh. O foms^pa. mfon-ka, or mfon-ga Lex.; Cs. 1. azure, sky- blue (?) 2 - n - of a flower. 3. Glr. one of the five celestial gems; mfon-ka cen-po another of these gems. - mfon-po high, elevated, B. and col. (cf. mfo-ba), of water deep, of the voice loud, of weight and measure full, of rank high; *cos-skad fon-po* W. high- 243 mtol-ba sounding -words, pompous style; *ld * m - ba , ^ con- fess, to avow. HI/,'* -i HI />:/.: nifnf faux (cf. :/.. in t pf- btags, fut. Afctgr, imp. fog, 1. to grind. raii-fdg-gis in a mill /I:/., /y/v; wheat, />!/<'- nt' tits- la O fdd-pa zig byu/i all tln-.>c sayings have pleased me very much .1//V. 2. (not governing a case) to please, to be acceptable, to be considered as good. to be (gfinM-iilly) admitted, mi jfdd-in- nifnii 1 see that (this reading) is not ge- nerally accepted Z.s-/um O fdd-do it occurs also In (his form Zain.; nii-Jdd- 1<> wrong! HW.s. (294); to be fit, proper. suitable (syn. to ,o,s-y>). ,s/'//<.s :<''f-ba mi ttid-lti as it is not proper to call it soul, sis it cannot iitly be called soul Mil. :i. a familiar word, very frq. used, in \Y. nlmust the only word for a, *Mm fdd - tli'' cheerfully, joyfully W,, /<'n/-, ;/>/// miil-fiii fsm/i :i ; i-/n prult.: as he became angry Mil.', "^I'm-mi n('iii-i><- hut tdb- pa son*, also *tiii (q. v.) *fdg-im-n<- fntl-*<>i* W. I have been heartily glad; O fad- fdd- O dra yait Mil. though apparently rejoicing; *ma fatl-fdd* W. I am very glad of that ; *sem fdd cvg-ce* W. to make glad, to exhilarate; *$d-heb-bi zo-la mi tad-da* W. does your honour not like curdled milk? *fdd-Kan* W. willing, ready; *gd-ru ft'td- na son* W. go wherever you like; log-pa- O fad let us turn back Gli: ; rait-iti O fdd-la voluntarily, spontaneously. II. Sch. = O f(in-pa, O fud-lddn = O fdn-po. O fan bad, O fan- di'e a demon Sch. ( c g- to brtdn-po and Cs. also O fdd-pa, firmness, constancy, in Lw. explained by nan-ton; mi O fdn-po a steady, resolute man Cs. O fdb-pa to combat, to fight, in a battle; to quarrel, to dispute, to brawl; fca-fsub dan O fdb-pa to struggle with a snow-storm Mil.] O fdb-pa med-cih si-ba to die peaceably, without a struggle; O fdb-pa O dum-na when quarreling (persons) are reconciled; L : ' ~^T*PX weapon?); *fab-dhdb* C. weapons, arms; O fab-cds ammunition, re- t|iiisites for war Schr.; Jtab-bf$&n, a-/, : ui O fab-brduits the quarreUng and thrashing of my uncle Mil.; O fdb-)no quarrel, fight, row, fray, battle, H. and col. frq., O fdb- ii,<> hi/i'd - [>a B., *co - c<>* W. , to quarrel, light etc.; O tdb~ f nit'> xj>r<>d- /y//.s inii J't'ili-ijti l>;/cd (/* thou must con- tend with me Glr. Ixlinl- n,i c fd/> - i/-tj the antagonists of lite, i. e. the family and relations a secular man has to struggle with Mil. - Jab-rdgs intrench uient, breast-work, foiti- lication ' . 10* 244 db-w Jum-pa O fdb-Jm a cricket to lay hold of, to grasp, to take a firm hold of, esp. with the teeth (dogs), or the jaws (serpents W.); to sting (of bees W.); to embrace, *rkan-pa O fdm-ce* W. to put one's arras around a person's feet, as a supplicant; to grasp intellectually, to comprehend (?) Glr. 2. to gnash, so one's teetb ; to Shut closely, Ka one's mouth, frq. 3. to join, unite (vb. n.), grogs-su, grogs -por Stg., in friendship, by a -bar in an act, an undertaking Dzl. rq* O tdl-ba v. fal-ba. O fds-pa, Lex. = mKregs-pa, hard, solid; bag-cdgs rgyud-la osprob.: inordinate desire has taken a firm hold of your minds; sra- fds Sch. strong, robust, sinewy; a- o fas-te, and i- fas-kyi bag-cags PthJ qjpm- O tiff-pa 1. vb. n., pf. %s to drop, to fall in drops, to drop from, /crag ma O figs-par Lt. without any blood drop- ping out. 2. vb. a., pf. btigs, fut. btig to cause to fall in drops, to instil etc. nnr-^jr* O ti/'t - slad Cs. a term of blame ^ ' or abuse; Lexx. tibs a cover > C0verin 9; o^ s -<# fsud? S.g. r o^bs-pa, pf. fibs and ytibs (cf. ytibs -pa), to gather, of clouds, storms; nd-bun bziii-du O flbs-par gyiir-to (all the Buddhas) came drawing nearer like clouds of mist Glr.; to condensate, vb. n. Ijon-sin fams-cdd dgd-bai fsdl-du O fibs all the trees afford a delightful shade Glr.; byin O fibs drowsiness overcomes me; po. and fig. to grow dark or dim, ses-pa con- sciousness Med. O fibs-po dark, close, dense. O fim-pa v. fim-pa. J'uh-ba, pf. O funs (Cs. also btuiis I have drunk out), (fut. btun Cs.), imp. O fu>i, (Cs. also btun drink out!), W. *fun-ce*, to drink, frq. ; to suck, to smoke (tobacco), to eat (soup); to be soaked, drenched (cloth) Dzl.; noms-pa O fii>i-ba to drink one's fill Dzl.; zo- funs, ^o- futis suckling baby; zo- fun dus-na during the time of giving suck Med.; O funs-pa fsdm- gyis immediately after drinking Thgy.; O futis - so they were engaged in drinking Glr.; O fun-du run-ba, W. * fun-cog*, drink- able; btun-ba sbst drink, beverage, bzd-ba dan btun-ba, bza-btim (W. *zabtuit*} meat and drink, frq.; btun-cu water for drinking Mil. - - a( ^j- v - fu-ba. 2. vb., Ns also O fun-pa, pf. O ftis, btm, fut. btu, imp. fus, btu (Cs.), to gather, collect, pick up, sin, me-tog, frq.; fus-mi an assemblage of men, council, Cs. and abstr. sbst., O fug- po adj , thick, mta- fug thicker toward the margin or edge Mng.\ gen. of woven stuffs, opp. to srdb-pa; srab- fug 1. thin and thick, 2. thickness relatively; also consistency, of liquids, opp to sld-ba Med.; dense, nags, frq.; sound, heavy, rnyid O fug-po a sound sleep; strong, bag-cdgs O fug-po a strong inclination Mil. O fud-pa, mfud-pa to make longer by adding a piece, to piece out, to prolong, pu-duii W. a sleeve; skye-ba O fud mi df/os he has no need of adding a re-birth, a new period of life Pth.-, O fud-ma 1. addition, proloV gation, *srog-gi fud-ma tdit-ce* W. prolong- ing life (by medicine, careful nursing). 2. aid, assistance, subsidy, e.g. to a needy betrothed couple; also a gift of honour, a present, offered to a departing benefactor or respected Lama W.; dmag - O fud sub- sidies; auxiliary troops. 3. help, assistance in general. O fun gatherer, sin- fun a gatherer of wood, rtsa- fun of grass. O fub-pa, pf. O fubs, fut. ytub, imp. n four O fen they pulled to and fro, this way and that way Pth.; nur-yyis by jerks, by little and little Glr. ; yol-ba Jen- pa a curtain drawn before Glr.; *u fen- ce* W. to draw breath, to breathe; in W. esp. used for to draw out (a cork) to take off (a pot -lid), to draw or take away (a pot from the fire). 2. to stop, to stop short, to wait, JSn-pu bzan it will be ad- visable to stop, to wait. In W. also = rii'n-pa to lean, recline, repose on. - *gw-la fen-cc* W. to form on a lathe, to turn. Sch. : O fen - %^ forgetting and remembering (?). o fcb overplus, extra, supernumerary, gos-Jeb& supernumerary dress L>.< .: nntl-gos O feb-kyix //////-; to wrap up in an extra blanket Ltu-.; ~a*- pa) 1. to be thrown, strewed, scattered, sd- bon Mil.; to be afflicted with, befallen by, iu'nl-kyi& a disease, frq., also with lus-la Glr.; Ian O febs-pa to answer; ysal O febs-pa to be explained minutely; to be undcr- s.ood perfectly Thgr. 2. W. to be hit or struck (=Kes-pa; *'i-ru feb soil* I have been hit here (stung, bitten etc.); *feb Hiy- te ton* put it down, hitting (the right place), i.e. put it just in its proper place; *mi feb-ce* not to hit the mark, to miss the aim; *ma feb* the blow did not strike home; even of a prayer is said: *feb*, it has hit, it has been heard. 3. Cs. in a general sense: to take, seize, hold fast; febs-U-ib ( s. : 'a tailor's instrument for holding fast cloth etc. in sewing; a thimble'; but the latter is undoubtedly to be spelled mfeb (or febyittbs; v. labs. o#-P aGB " ' to shut comprise, cover, include; v. Jams-pa'- the Le.r.r. have only: nan-cags- fems, and Jems- nan w. e. In W. it is l.vb.n. to Jams- pa: *ldg-pa fern* my hand has been squeezed 1 in, *fem-cei cd-lag* a thing (e.g. a machine) giving chances of being squeezed. 2. to suffice, = Kyed-pa, Iddii-ba. Jo-Jsdms-pa v. fo etc. Jog-paCs.=yt6g-pa, Sch. also = Jdg-pa. * ! to take, to seize, to take up, a knife, a sword DzL, provisions in order to dis- tribute themDzl., esp. to carry Dzl and elsewh.; rol-mo O togs-pa Glr., Tar. 21, 16, prob. to carry musical instruments (or to make music?); = fob -pa to receive, *mii /.s tnyx rt'-n'', or fogs fmd* all that have received human bodies by the metem- psychosis (.'., W. 2. = O tl<> henceforth, from this time forward Dzl. da-du/t (frq. pronounced and spelled da-run) v. below. - dd-dt' 1 Glr. and C. now. da ndii this morning. dd-ni 1. now, 2. henceforth Glr. dd-/\u/(>t)-cad Dzl., da-pyis Glr. henceforth. - dd-bi/uii a man of yesterday, an upstart. dd-tsam about this time. da -him henceforth Pth. da-yz6d but now, but just, not until now. *da-rdns* C. = da- nitt'i. da-i'ifn, n i . _.:_. da-byid lizard. Med.\ Lc.v. = skyin- '^ ' gor. r*^* dd-ra col. and sometimes B. = ddr- ba buttermilk. r-(5r da -It several low-growing kinds of Rhododendron. I-OT. dag 1. sign of the plural, eleg. for ' rnams; often added to the pronouns de and O di, and sometimes to numerals; also in the combination dag - rnams. In translations of Sanskrit works it denotes the dual number. 2. nd-dag, Hyed-dag, seems in Mil. often to be used for iid-lta- bu-dag my equal, or equals (another reading is -iid - Ita, v. Ita 2). 3. W. col. = da, esp. in the compounds *ddg-sam, dcig-sa* now; also certainly, it is true (v. da 2) Mil 4. v. ddg-pa. rm'm- dug - Ka is said to be used in Ts. for de-Ka. rcjr-$' dag - ci Lh. mint, aromatic plant, Mentha Royliana. dag-ga-dog-ge Ld. for dog- dog. ddg-pa (prop. pf. of O ddg-pa), clean, pure; cleanness, purity; as adj. also ddg-po, W. * dag-mo*; dag-par ^gyur-ba to become clean, dag -par byed-pa to make clean, to cleanse, to purify, dag-par Ji'ru- ba (W. * dag -mo tu-ce*) to wash clean; more frq. fig.: *Ka ma dhag* (\ impure, incorrect, vulgar pronunciation, cf. sgra 1 ; rigs ma dag impure blood or kindred; com. pure with regard to religion and morals, (also = holy, sacred, relative to lifeless ob- jects), lus dan nag dan yld-kyi las ydns-su ddg-pa quite pure in word and action I hi.: lus dag sems dag dbdn-po dag, also ///.<- ytsait etc. id.: r O fsd - ba to lead a pure, a virtuous lite: undtt-lotn ddff-pa is stated to mean a sincere prayer Glr.\ rndin- (/w) dag(-pa) quite pure, most holy, frq.; 248 dag-pa hence rnam-(par) day (-par) rtsi-ba, or mdzdd-pa is used for: to justify, in a scriptural sense, by Chr. Prof. ; mi or ma- ddg-pa impure; impurity, bkriis-na mi-ddg- pa med-do when they have bathed they are quite clean Dzl. Adv. day-par, e.g. Jcru-ba v. above; ddg-tu assuredly, certainly Lt.(?)', ddg - gis purely = quite, entirely S.g. (?); *ddg-mo f W. id., *ddg-mo srdg- ce* to burn completely, *ddg-mo za-ce* to eat all, to consume entirely. ydn-dag- pa Skr. ^fcfi Trigl., actual, real, ydn-dag- par cu i/in in reality it is water Dzl.\ more frq. construed thus: de yin ydn-dag-na if it is really that, btsoii ydn-dag-na if you are really willing to sell it, O dod ydn-dag- na if you really wish it, Kyod-la yod ydn- dag-na if you really have Dzl.; yan-dag- pa dan bden-pai fsul bziii-du in truth and in reality S. 0. ; yan-dag-pa ni bden-pa-ste since that which is real is true S.O.; yan- dag-pa-nytd reality S.O.; dge-bai cos-mams ydn-dag-par bldn-ba to assume, to adopt, virtuous habits earnestly Stg. ; ydn-dag-par rdzogs-pa really accomplished S.O.; yah- dag-par ltd-ba to be orthodox, v. dge-ba bcu ; yan - dag lam the right way, = far- lam Mil.\, yan-dag-don seems to be = nes- don Mil., but ydn-dag don-du ynyer-ba to aim at, to aspire to, truth Mil. ; ydn-dag- pai don-la O jug-pa to be pious Thgy. Comp. dag-brjod orthoepy 6s. dag- fer-ba, dag-fer byed-pa Sch. to clean, to cleanse; Tar. 189,22; dag-ster(-cer)mdzdd- pa. dag - (pai) snan(-ba) Schr. 'good opinion' (?), prob.: a pure, sound view or knowledge Glr.; in Mil. it has a similar meaning; *dhag-ndn )6n-wa* C. to lead a holy life. dag-zin holy country Sch. dag-yig orthography; siwn-gyi-dag-yig the older orthography; brda-ddg = dag-yig. ddg-pa, W. *dag-ce*, v. teg-pa. zr' aan > postp. c. accus , with (Lat. cum), na dan with me (often with the ad- dition of beds-pa, lhan-ycig, mnydm, q. v.), e.g. to go, speak, play, quarrel with ; bud- med dait nydl-ba to lie with a woman ; in some cases it must be omitted in English, or rendered by other words, as: gron-kyer dan nye-ba, rin-ba near the town, far from the town ; de dan O drd - ba equal to that. Some particular ways of using dan are the following: 1. for and, yser daii dnul da/I Icags-la-sogs-pa gold, and silver, and iron, and the other (metals). The shad is here always put after dan, which shows that in the mind of the Tibetan dan never ceases to be a postposition; it can there- fore be used only for connecting nouns and pronouns. In enumerations it is em- ployed in different ways, and often quite arbitrarily, e.g. after every single noun or pronoun except the last one, or also after the last; it is used or omitted just as the metre may require it; or when a sum is mentioned, in the following manner: byun-ba bzi ni: sa (dan) cu (dan) me (dan) rlun dan bzio the four elements: earth, and water, and fire, and air, four they are; or, esp. in col. language, thus: sa dan ycig, cu dan ynyis etc. 2. distributively: zag dan zag, lo dan lo, day by day, every year; Kyim dan Kyim-na Tar. every one in his house. 3. after a personal pronoun col. almost like a sign of the plural: na dan ynyis-ka we two, both of us. na dan fsdn-ma all of us. 4. after the inf., and in W. after the gerund in gin, nyi-ma sdr- ba dan at sun -rise, as soon as the sun rises, when the sun rose; lo brgya Ion-pa dan when a hundred years had (or shall have) passed away, after a hundred years; smrds-pa dait Kyim-du son with saying so, he went home, is gen. translated : he said so and went home, and so frq. in narration; W. : *sug - da ton dan* with a whistling, *foh-gin zig daii* at beholding. 5. after an imperative for and, sgo rduns sig dan de-dag ^oii-no knock at the door, and they will come Dzl. ; yid-la byos tig dan bsdd- do give heed, and I will explain it to you Stg.; or it is used in the following manner: legs-par sems sig dan ma nor-ram consider it well; have you not made a mistake there? nijon cig dan snon-dus-na listen to me! Now, there was in olden times etc. Dzl. and elsewh., frq.; Ion zig ( It'n-jHi, c. la. to submit, yield to, comply with. Glr , Tar. ; c. accus. submissively to put up with (Seh. and Wts. are hardly right). rfdii-ya, : <(, 1. appetite, dan-ga O yag ray appetite is gone, mi bde is bad, Mcd.. and Mil (Sch. 'the will'?). 2. C. for ddm-Ka. 5C"2f ddn-po 1. the first, with respect to number, time, rank, ddit-po'i /t de sm zer Pfh. who spoke (raised) the first rumour? who was it that first got up the rumour? dd/i-poi nyin-par on the very first day ; na-fsod ddn-po-la ynds-pa being still in the prime of life Wdn.; the former, he that is mentioned before another, d //////.s the two first named T/ir/y. ; the former, the earlier, he that precedes another in point of time, = sitd-ni|i|>. to }\i/t-ina, ^og-ma, the latter. 2. the first thing, part etc., ;/_/////- mo'i dun-po-la at the beginning of day, at day-break Tar. ;< la //-/>-/////< l-iln in the first place, before the rest, above all, before every other thing Tlujy.\ e&ri-^XMUM from the very beginning Tlujt/.. Tar.: tn\ and very frq. dih'i-fin adv., firstly, in the first place; at first, in the beginning. lo-pa a beginner, lan-dnii-jio-fHii like vr^ning (child) in the N.T., Mil. n 1 . to be pure. //in-lti .sr/y/.s id (in \V. often confounded with ydeh-ba). 2. laV- I'n to wish 1>:I. and elsewh ; heuce in compounds: xkoni-<.la') \\'., and in similar expressions. 2. to believe (cf. ^nj) in a religious sense, more significant than ///251 dar-rgyus-glin ddl-ba cotton; ace. to others velvet. d a silk fan. dar-yuy a narrow ribbon- like piece of silk-stuff Glr , Mil. '-, <>, (l<'ll-i>l<>. V. tl. dar - ha 1. sbst., also , (act.) to extend, enlarge, <-'.^. academics (llr.\ a. ^.^ r , a person in the prime of life, fiq.; dr-/ a person beyond that age. 2. a man. and dar-mo a woman in the prime of life. ^^*^T ddr->no v. ddi'-po } d'- < //////* C., have you time? ddl-ba zit/<'>r !><<> - bryi/dd (another in- stance of this peculiar way of reckoning v. sub -Hi/in - Htfxdn). As these various con- ditions are partly characteristics of 'hu- manity', and attainable only by human 52 beings, they might be denominated 'the (eighteen) specific blessings of humanity'. Often they are also used directly for 'con- dition of humanity, or of human nature', this kind of existence being, from a reli- gious point of view, the best and most de- sirable, rnyed - dkdi dul - ba mi lus, and similar expressions frq. occur (6s. has calm- ness, tranquillity of mind, evidently mistak- ing it for mal~Jbyor). ddl-ba, ddl-bu, ddl- po, ddl-mo, W. also *ddl-can*, quiet, calm, of the mind, the water; gentle, of the wind; slow, lazy; *se-gyu dhdl-wa, or se-pa dhdl- wa* C. phlegmatic disposition. - Adv. ddl- bar (v. above), ddl-yyis, ddl-bus, slowly. softly, gradually, e.g. to draw, opp to di-dg- tu', ddl- groi rgyun bzin like a stream flow- ing gently and softly; mi-ddl-bar Dzl. in- cessantly. ddl-mo chine, loin. dal-btson (spelling dubious), *dal- tsoit tdh-ce* W. to carry on com- pulsory trade. This is frequently done by Eastern rulers, who in time of personal need make a sale of goods, compelling people to buy at fixed prices. ^ di, num. fig.: 41. r-cnx-^' di-gar-ci is said to be a provin- cialism, and secondary form of yzi-Ka-rtse, n. of a town near Tashilunpo. r-,U^ di - mar Sch. : 'a certain worm or insect'. r-^-5; di-ri-ri buzz, murmur, hum, low con- fused noise, as of crowds, of a number of praying people, of wailing pri- soners, of birds on the wing Glr. ^T|" dig, the Persian ^Lo, a large kettle, washing-copper, brewer's copper. dig-pa 1. Cs. a stammerer, also /M- dig, d. dig-pa. 2. 6'. reeling, staggering, intoxicated. Pp.j^-. diit-diii, gdd-mo din-din Tar. 158, 4 prob. an onomatopoetic word, Schf. laughing aloud'. ,* diu-sdu den-san. r- du 1. num. fig.: 71. 2. for tu (q.v.) 0> after final n, d, n, m, r, 1. 3. how many? bslebs-nas zld-ba du Ion how many months is it ago that he came? du-du how much, how many each time? du-zig how much about? dii-ma many, zag du-ma many days; du-mar pye it is divided into several (parts) Wdn.\ Ian du-mar many a time, often Cs.; *du-ma rdksa* (I col. a great many, very much (perh. c devilishly much', from raksas). _._. du-ba (cf. dud -pa) smoke. O ful, or N! gyen - du O pyur smoke rises Zam. ; du-ba- pa Sp. very poor people that pay but a trifling tax, proletarians (prop, 'smoke- people' that have nothing but the smoke of their fire). du-ba-mjug-rin a CO met. du-zdg C. the smoke or vapour hanging over towns and large villages in the morn- ing. __. dug poison, dug bliid-pa to administer >o a poisoned potion to a person, to give him poison to drink; dug - mi - ynod - par O gyur he becomes proof against poison Dow.; cu-la dug O debs-pa to poison the water Pth.; dug ysum in a moral sense, O dod- cdgs, -yii-mug, ze-sddii; sometimes dug lha, five moral poisons, are mentioned. Comp. dug-can poisonous. dug-ynyen an antidote Cs. dug - mdd a poisoned arrow. duy-sbrul venomous serpent. dug-med not poisonous. dug-sog poisonous paper Mil., Pth., Glr. dug-sel that which neutralizes a poison Cs. dug-srun a pre- servative against poison Cs. <^' dug-ti (or dug-ste?) Ts., so, thus, 1 ' ' in this manner, also nug-ti. ^nr"^y dug-po, esp. U (= *cu-pa* Ts., N! ' *gon-ce f W. coat, garment, dress Mil. rcn^T' dugs, esp. in medical writings; it seems to denote 1. heat: Tar. 31, 21 fsdd-pai dugs-kyis by the glowing heat of the day Schf.; S.g.: cui dri dugs rldns-pa ce the water (i. e. urine) has a strong smell and emits much heat(?) and vapour; Lt.99, 4. 5; K, 4; c^S, 5; sS^, 4; 9&V, 10. cui rigs sin-tu dugs -pa Mng. adj.? 2. revenge, grudge, rancour, *dug kdr-ce, dugs- 253 dwjs-pa Ian Idon-ce* to take vengeance, to revenge one's self. dugs-pa W. 1. to make warm, to warm , me - la at the fire , e. g. one's hands, a plate. 2. to light, to kindle, *me dug-ce* to light a fire; *kd?i-pa mes dug son* the house has begun to burn, has caught fire; *zd-ce dug fsdr-Kan* burnt food, a burnt meal; *dug-di* a burnt smell. rj-. dun 1. a tortoise shell, dnit-rdo a pe- N! trifled tortoise shell C's. 2. a shell, both small shells, worn as an ornament (skye - dun - pren necklace of shells), and more particularly the great trumpet - shell, which is sounded on certain occasions; it is usually of a pure white, hence dun- dkur i. trumpet-shell, 2. white rose C , dun- so snow-white teeth Pth , dun - ru snow- white horns Mil.' a trumpet-shell wound to the right (jyds-su Jcyil-ba) is regarded as valuable as it is rare Glr. 3. trum- pet, tuba, dun Jmd-pa to sound, to blow a trumpet; I? rims -dun judgment- trumpet, trumpet used in courts of justice, cos -dun church-trumpet, trumpet used in religious ceremonies, dmag-dun war-trumpet, lins- dnii hunting-bugle; rkan-duh a trumpet or cornet made of a hollow thigh-bone; zans- dm'i a copper trumpet, a bass tuba eight feet long; dban-dun a similar instrument, but of less dimensions; rwa - dun a trum- pet of horn, rag-dun a brass trumpet. 4. Skull (?) Sch. has: dun-cen 1. skull, 2. = rkan-dun; in Glr. Brahma is called dm'i-gi. for-fsof/s-at n . dun-ne constant, continual Dom.; dun- iie-ba Tltgr. id. dun-dun staggering, reeling, tottering, wavering Sch. dun-pan, C. *dhuh-pi ; n*, basin. * duit- p!t- /'///., 100 million Sch. du/'ts-pa, secondary form of ydfn'ix- NJ pa, love. ' a large piece ( 'a. dum-bu a small piece, frq. ; ili/ni-liitr ; cog-pa, ycdd-pa, byed-pa to break, to cut to pieces. dam-dum several small pieces or things Cs.; perh. = dutti-dinn Ld., e.g. yul dum-dum, or groii dum dum several scattered farms, hamlets or villages, which have together one common name. r^- dur tomb, grave, di'/.a (< Is. jtibs-pa') ' :: '(x)k>'tn-a>* W., to bury; dm- rko-ba to dig a grave. - diir-rkun grave-robber, plunderer of tombs. dur-kuii grave, tomb. dur-krod ace. to etymology denotes a cemetery, burial- 254 dus ground, but in Tibet it signifies a place to which corpses are brought to be cut into pieces for hungry dogs and vultures, this being considered a very honourable mode of burying (or rather disposing of) dead bodies, Kopp. II, 322. These places of course are haunted by demons and foul spirits; dur-Krod-pa an ascetic living at such a place, Burn I, 309. dur-rgyas the last food which a dying man eats. dur-sgam, dur-sgrom coffin. ditr-rdo tomb-stone C's. dur-spyan jackal. dur- pufl barrow, tumulus, mound, cairn. dur- byan epitaph Cs. dur - fsun } dur - fsod, food offered to the dead 6s. dur-mfsed a place for burning dead bodies Sch. ditr-sri a grave-devil, a sort of sepulchral vampire. dur -la 1. sbst. weed, weeds, Sch. 2. vb. to run Mil., dur-te rgyiig- pa to run towards a place or object, to hasten to, zds-la dur-ba to hasten to dinner, Ids-la to work (.'.; cf. ndm-dur-can. ' diir - bin W. , the Persian ,-~u .o spy-glass. d&r-bya a paring-axe; a hoe Sch. M'qr' dur-byid a purgative root, prob. = NO fdr-nu S.g. } ace. to Wdn. = tri- byi-ta (sic), prop. f^^Tjf, Ipomoea Tur- pethum. rorn* diil-bo,, prop. pf. of O did-ba, soft, of the skin etc.; tame; gentle (tem- per), easy (disposition), mild; also sbst. softness etc.; dul-p<>, W. *dul-mo* id., but only adj.; ma dul-ba untamed, rude, Dzl; *srdb-Ka (or fcd-po) dul-mo* W. soft- or tender-mouthed ; tame, manageable, tractable. Tar. 11, 14 a better reading prob. would be: dban-po O dul-bai bijid a splendour that dazzles the senses. dul-ma a kind of water-colour made of pulverized gold and silver, for painting and writing. r^r- dm 1. time, in general, dus-kyi ttor- NO lo v. K6r-lo; dus-kyi means also: happening sometimes Mil ; dus adv., for a while, for some time Lt.; del dus-su, dus de tsa-na, de-dus, dus der, at the time, at this time; dus de-nyid-du then immediately, directly afterwards; ddn-poi dus nyid-du in the very first time ; dus-su, or dus-dus- su, dus O ga-re, sometimes, now and then; de dan dus mnydm-du simultaneously wilh that Glr. ; dus yUg - tu or la at one and the same time, together; dus-cig-na (erron. ycig\ also dus re (or nani)-zig-gi fse, dus- re(-zig), once, one day, some day; dus lan-cig id. Glr.; dus pyi zig-na some fu- ture day; dus yzan zig-na another time; dus ci tsam-na at what time? when? Glr. ; dus(-na) after a genit., inf., or verbal root = when, after, zag ynyis son dus when two days had, or will have passed Mil.', na bu-moi dus-na yin-te when I was still a girl Glr. ; mgu - dus med the time of being satisfied never arrives Mil. ; btsd- dus-te as the time of giving birth has come Lt. ; frq. with Jbdb-pa: bdag O ditl-bai dus- la bob the time of my conversion has come; sometimes dus- la sleb Lt.', col.: dus sleb the time is come; ^gro-bai dus O debs-pa Dzl., byed-pa frq., to fix a time for going, also thus : nam O gro-bai dus byed-pa Dzl. ; dus kitn-tu, dus rgyiin-du always; almost pleon. in: dus dd-nas henceforth, from this time forward Mil.; de dan dus O dzom as to time it coincides with that Glr. 2. the right time, proper season; for is ex- pressed by the genit. of the inf. (cf. above: the time of my conversion); dus-su at the right or proper time, e.g. for paying off Glr.; dus ma yin-pa the wrong time; dus ma yin - par, dus - mm unseasonably, not in due time; esp. too soon, prema- turely, e.g. to die; dus-ma-yin-pa spoh-ba to abstain from doing unseasonable things. - 3 dm ysurn the three times, viz. dd- Itai, or dd-ltar-gyi, Q dds-pai, and ma-^6rts- pai^ frq., thus in dus fsiim-gyi saris- rgyds the Buddhas of the three times; often also with special reference to metempsychosis, the present, the former, and the future period of life; with respect to the times of the day: morning, noon, evening; besides nyin- dus ysum, also mfsdn-dus ysum occurs. 4. season. Here Tibetans, of course, distin- guish the four seasons of the temperate zone, dpyid spring, dbijar summer, ston autumn, dgun winter; but in books, ori- ginally written in India, either three are counted, fsd - dus hot season, yrdh - dus cold season, cdr-dm rainy season, or more accurately six: dpi/id (^Trf) s P r i Q gi i- e - March and April, sos-ka (tftm) hot season, May, June, dbyar (^f) rainy season, July. August, ston ('sp[7f) damp season, Sep- tember, October, dgun - .s/W (^jf?f) first part of winter, November, December, dyitti- XIIH'H! (flfflpt;) last part of winter, Ja- nuary, February. 5. conjunctures, times, circumstances, *dn* iU~>md* \V.. V/a ( Js. 'the counting of time'. dux -fay Sch.: v///.s - /'.s/V/ ym'ir - ba new, fresh provisions, produce of the year' (?). - ://'- nam is this word (that has just been said) true? Dzl. In the context of a narrative, however, de is usually employed. 2. It frq. stands in the place of the definite article the: pa de Uy-ste son-no the father went back Mil.; esp. after adjectives and participles, where it adds to perspicuity: yzon - nu de na - re the younger one said Mil.\ sii6n-la soii-ba de he that has gone on before Mil.; < under that, after that, afterwards; dc'i -kn, r// : -/,v/, the very same, /w de-kit ii ///// the very same snow-leopard (you saw) was I myself Mil. ; de - kit Itiu just SO T/ufi/. ; di' - k >/od (in answer to a question) indeed! yes. yes! to be sure! Mil., < .. frq.: di-l.a A/^/s Mil.. id.; de /,'>/>'(/ lui/x 1'f/i., oh, this ... is you?! di'-ko-ini, df-in/.d, col. de-rnfi. the very Same, cf. kn-n'<>* C. his life is at stake (da?}. d6-bo Med., prob. = do-ba I. do-mod to-day, this day, v. do. V do-rd Mil.? ^N" do-re v. ifo 2. (h-iid-fi't Hind. :i thick Shawl ^ wrapper W. do-sdl Cs. n. of an ornament hang ing down from the shoulders; Schr. mu-tig-gi do-sdl pearl-necklace; Mil. id. *^$f do-se (from fse?) now, at present Bal rm- dog col. an auxiliary vb., ace. to Lamas ' of W. and C. rtog-pa, but of differ- ent pronunciation ( W. *doy*, C. *dhoy*}. It seems to correspond to the expressions: ;is far as I know, as much as you know, to your knowledge etc. So a person may be asked: *yog-mo me bar ddg-ga(m)* has your maid - servant, for what you know, lighted a fire? whilst, if the servant herself were asked, the question could only be: *me bar-ra(m), or bar fsar-ra(iii)*. "zfrn- dog sbst, iii B. mostly doy-pa, 1 . bundle, ' clew, skein, e.g. of wool, weighing about two pounds, as much as one can hold con- veniently with the hand or twist round it (lay-doy}. 2. capsule, ar-dza-kai of the cotton plant. 3. ear of corn Le.\\\ Col. more in use: dog -dog a larger piece, Ka- ra dog - dog, lump-sugar (opp. to ground sugar); clod, clump, lump, loaf, *dog-dog c6-ce* W. to form loaves; or in general: to press, to press together, to crush, to crumple; a piece of wood, a log W. (differing from rdog) ; *ddy-ya-doy-y'm-can, don dan Iddn-pa 1 . use- ful, profitable, expedient, e.g. fsig Thr a yoke of oxen dor-ba v. .dor-ba. breeches, trowsers, dor-ffm short lireeches. /-/v'/J long drawers. lro\vsers 6s.; snam-dor from xnam-lnt; dnr- //,/ 1. that part of the breeches \\liieh covers tin- privy parts, v. rf ; i/i'iys-sa-moi dor- /fd (//'.s- y:n snt/<, rm<'i-ln />// Ml///., the 260 dol drdg-pa middle part of a widow's drawers pre- vents epilepsy and heals wounds. 2. W. = dor-ma? Q>' dol 1. net, esj). fishing-net, *tdm-pa* to spread, to fix it C'., W.; {nya-)dol- pa a fisherman, of. j-dol-pa. 2. W. stew- pan. 3. dol ycod - pa to split, to cleave Sch. jj- dos a load (of a beast of burden) that has to be carried by compulsory ser- vice, without being paid for; Kal-dos id.; ja-dos a load of tea carried in this manner; dos ^gel-ba to load (on), to pack, dos O bogs- pa (not Q pog-pa Cs.) to unload; dos-pa a conductor of such loads Cs., dos-dpon the leader of a caravan of such loads; dos drdg-pa 1. Mil. prob.: hard compulsory service; 2. perh. also: severe in exacting it, e.g. a feudal lord. r'-r- ^c*^* drd-ci, drdn-ci Pur. a flat -s. ? basket. S'ri" drd-pa a small copper coin, used in the western part of the Himalaya, a thick paisa. of the value of half a penny. drd-ba I. sbst. ^[^, 1- grate, lattice; net, net -work, lus-la drd-bar Jbrel (the veins) are spread throughout the body like net-work S.g. ; ru- pai drd-ba the frame-work of bones, the skeleton Thgtj.; ^.od-zer-gyi drd-la a pencil or aggregate of rays of light (lit. lattice-work of rays) Glr.; dra mig id., esp. col.; lcdgs-(kyi) dra(-mig} iron railings; grate; gridiron ; rgyd- dra wooden rails, fence C., W.; dm-(bd) pyed(-pd) Lex., Glr. 'half-lattice', technical term for a kind of silk ornament; drd- ba-can latticed, grated; dr a- lag- drd- lag- can having many forked ends or branches, of the horns of a stag. 2. a bag made of net-work C's , dra-pdd, dra-cuh id. 3. the web of water-fowls. II. vb., pf. dra*, W. *de-ce*, to cut, clip, lop, dress, prune, pare (leather, cloth, paper, wings etc. with knife or scissors); also fig.: pai min-nas drds-te borrowing (a syllable) from the father's name Glr. (twice); cf. also Tar. 107, 13; *feb-dh?- pa* C. one that cuts the strings (of a purse) on his thumb, i.e. a cut-purse, pick- pocket; gos-drds cloth cut out for a garment Cs. ; dras-spydd scissors Sch.; dra-gri Cs.: 'a tailor's knife used for shears'; drai (sic) ro Sch., *dc-riig, fa-de* W. clippings, cut- tings, remnants. _.. drd-ma experienced, practised, learned "^ Sch.; so perh. Pth. , where however bra-ma and tra-ma is the usual form. _._. dra-zu, or *dra-su* W. a small pan ~^ with a handle; a ladle. -OT- d ra( J 1- M 7 - t ne P s *; an V parcels or ^ ' goods conveyed by post, the Hind. ^TCR. - 2. expedient, profitable, of use, pt'd-ba drag - gam will it be of any use, well- applied, if I give? Mil. ; ji byas kyah ma drag whatever I did, it was of no use Pth. ; na ei-ltar byds-na drag what course will it be expedient to take? what shall I do best? Pth.; *ci dhag, ghan dhag* C, what is right? what is expedient? ndd-pa drag-pas cog it is sufficient, if the patient is getting better Mil. ,-_... drdg-pa 1. noble, of noble birth C., ' :: 'drdg-po* W. ; mi drdg-pa, or merely drdg-pa, a nobleman; drag -rigs nobility, gentry; drag-par byed-pa to raise to nobi- lity, drag-par Q gyur-ba to become a noble- man Cs.; drag-sos an inferior officer or ma- gistrate Cs. 2. gen. drags -po, W. also drag-can, (Ssk. ' f i'' l -P 0^5) Straight 1. not de- viating from the direct course, not crooked or oblique, fig, lam etc. frq. ; his dr<'n't-po ^jog-pa to sit straight; *Ka bub- ne ddu-po co - ce* W. to place a thing straight or upright again; *ied-la ddn-po* W., horizontal. 2. right, e.g. lam, opp. to log -pa. 3. sincere, honest, upright, truthful, drdn-poi ran-bzin-can-gyi pyir be- cause they have an upright character Dzl.', las drdn-po good actions, righteous deeds, opp. to rtsub-j)o violent, unjust Stg.', /t'rims dnitf-jio 1. a just sentence, righteous judg- ment, opp. to log-pa. 2. applied to men, with regard to their acting according to just ire and the law (v. /Wwv.s); ms-///v///- /"/ honest, upright, with respect to religion and the divine law; also drdn-po alone, whenever it is not to be misunderstood, may be used for our just. draft - /><>r, fxig drtiH- f H>r smr//- zas (v. dkar-po). 3. symb. num.: 7. drdn-dri Lh. the beam of a pair of scales, Hind, ^fr r,T'jn* drdn-pa I. vb. j, 1. to think of, c. accus., with or without jrfcZ-fo, gen. to think of past events, to remember, re- collect, call to mind, drin benefits, v. drin-, hijiin-ba-rnams that which has happened Glr.; more emphatically: rjes-su drdn-pa frq.; but also dkon-mcog drdn-pa to think of, to remember, God; sdug-jx) yon-ba de ma drdn-pa yin do not think of, do not trouble yourself about, future evils Mil. ; bskyis-par mi drdn-no I do not recollect having taken anything on credit Dzi; dnhi- pa fsdm-gyis as soon as one thinks of it, quick as thought Thgr.', so-so-nas. . . drdn- par gyis sig every body should think of . . . Dzl. (the simple imp. seems not to be used); (rjes-su) drdn-par byed-pa also: to remind of, to put in mind of, to revive the memory Of, = drdn-du Jug-pa, dr!l<'rgi/~ d-fa id.: $-#) *dib-siT, a corrupt form for dril-bu ysil, Ld., = yytr-K-a. j^ r drim (spelling?) stump, trunk, of a tree or plant, deprived of top and branches Ld. n, t/rii - t/u, a clue or ball, of wool etc. ' ' -CT- dnuj num. six, drug -pa, drug-pod. N3 dgu; yi-ge dnig-pa or -ma the prayer of the six letters, the Ommanipadmeliimu (}lr.\ ilriiij-i-ii sixty; drini-cn-rfxu-yclg ( W. * >! ii a person or thing, po-bmii - gi drnii gdn-na-ba d<'i , resp. sku-drun-pa, one standing near, a waiting man, a page in ordinary ( 's. dritii- Jtor train, retinue. driiii-ynas-pa com- panion, associate. druit-yig(-pu} secretary. druit-Jso-la private physician, physician in ordinary Cs. When preceded by zabs it becomes a respectful term, e.g. in the direction of a letter, where it stands for our 'to' (lit. 'to the feet, of N.N.'). dmn-po 1. prudent, sensible, judicious, wise Mil., in conjunction with ycdit- po; so also Pth. ycaii-drun-ldait-pa. 2. sincere, candid C. 3. diligent? __^.. dru/'/s root, of rare occurrence; dritita ^ (-nas) pyuii exterminated, destroyed root and branch, Lex. druns-pa clarified, clear ( '. ; bzes- dmns resp. for can, beer, Ts. drud 1. v. O drud-pa. 2. drud-dritd pelican Sch. drub-pa v. O drub-pa. > r p n* dmm-pa to have a strong desire, to Ni long, languish, pine, for, X<-l<. dt'/<*-ma millet Sch. & -' ^ 1. the mane of a mule. 2. a couch, or stuffed -seat 6s. 3. a kind of long-haired cloth. dres-ma 1. C. a kind of grass, of which ropes and shoes (of great durability) are made; Glr. died-ma\ dres- mai ge-sdr S.g. the filaments of dres-ma', j- ' J' dros-pa dres- bru Cs., dres- brum S.g. the seeds of drt'x-ma. 2. W. Iris kamaonensis. r^ dro (cf. dro-ba), 1. the hot time of the "^ day, from about 9 o'cl. a. m. till 3 o'cl. p. m.; dro-la bdb-nas when this time arrived Dzl.', snd-dro the morning, pyi-dro \. the later part of the afternoon, 2. W. *pi-ro* evening, night. 2. a meal taken about noon, lunch; dro btdb-pa to lunch; dro-lug a sheep intended to be eaten for a luncheon; dro-sd meat intended for such a purpose. 5fjb" dro-ba 1. to be warm, v. dros-pa; gen. "^ adj. warm, dro-baiynas a warm place; dro - bar O gyur - ba to grow warm. 2. warmth (bdg-dro v. sub ur). drogsSch.: 'packed up, made up into pack or parcel'. )* dron(s) v. O dren-pa. 5gw drdit - ma a large basket or dosser, provided with a lid, and carried on the back, Hind. q?TTTT- rr- drod 1. warmth, heat, e.g. of the sun; ' drod-yser warmth and moisture; clrod- kyi sin a tropical tree Wdii.; me-drod 1. the heat of the fire Lt. 2. prob. animal heat, perh. because it is supposed to arise from a union of the fiery element with a germ originated by conception. 2. Ka - drod zun ycig a small piece of food, Ka-zds, and prob. incorrect for Ka-brod enjoyment of the mouth. lam-la drod fob-pa Mil. was explained: to have a cheerful mind, free from doubts and apprehensions on the way (to heaven), drod, therefore, seems to stand here for brod. drod-rtags, Mil., was explained as being new knowledge, new perceptions, as a fruit of long medi- tation; one Lex. has drod -rig-pa = TTT^W experienced or well-versed in measure. dron-mo*co\. warm, zan-dron warm food. ^p^* drol v. O drol-ba. f~ri' dros, Sch. = dro', dros-cen noon, mid- day, dros-cuii forenoon (?). dros-pa, pf. of dro-ba, heated, grown warm, esp. of the ground by the dha-mdn heat of the sun, of men, by warm clothing; dros son the ground has grown warm, the snow is beginning to melt; dros-na when it is getting warm; di gon-na dros lags if you put that on, you will be warm Mil. ; fse ycig dros -pai gos warm clothing for one period of existence Mil. ma-drox- pa n. of the Manasarowara or lake of Mapam in Nari. The Hindoos describe it as something like a northern ocean, in- habited by Nagas (v. klu), and the Tibetans in good faith repeat such fables, at least in their literature, although they know better. ^$|3f dha-mdn Ld.-Glr. Schl. fol. 17, b., 5S v. Ida-man. r-c- dfni-tt, (\lf7T a shaker, agitator?) a K ' word of more recent mystical physio- >c logy, 'the middle vein', = dbu-ma (cf. yft'tnt-po and fi'g-lc) Thgr., Mil., Wdn. The Lamas consulted by me asserted, not quite in accordance with books, dhu-ti to denote u kind of rlnii in the body (which would agree with w to blow, and with 7ivevf.ioi), a vital power closely connected with the soul, supporting it during lifetime, and leaving it only when separated by death. I Ins would be anew or second signification of dhu-ti, although I cannot vouch for the correctness of the above statement, nor am I able to decide, whether dhu-ti and - ba-dhuti are quite the same. a-ba-dhuti- I'ti Tar. 187,8 is a proper name, Schf. -q- dhe-la, Hind. \j^ half a paisa, the K smallest coin, equal to the tenth part of a penny, W. rncm/^TV yd a y(s) 1- fut. of O dogs-pa. - ' 2. ydayx the light, day ('*., opp. to xribs. 3. in Stg. yddff9-pa occurs frq. as a translation of inn wisdom. -. yilai'i, rtltu't (la, d. to open wide, mouth and no>trils, to gape l>. and col.; fddfi-pai Kro-zdl an angry face with the mouth wide opened Glr. ' ydans 1. music, harmony, melody, = hs, myags, also ydans-snyan; ydaits byed-pa to make music C. 2. resp. for dprdl-ba forehead Cs. ydd/ls-pa 1 . v. yddii-ba. 2. resp. one recovering from illness, con- valescent, with snyun, bsnyun-ba Leje. ; *ra dan* W. he has recovered from his drunken fit, has become sober again. y dan > ^n^T' res P- bzugs-ydan W., a bolster, or seat composed of several quilts or cushions, put one upon the other (five for common people, nine for people of quality), cf. O bol; ydan-lcri a throne Glr.; ydan-rdbs a succession of teachers Tar. 199,4. The word is much used in polite expressions : ydan O degs-pa to take leave, to withdraw, to depart; yddn-sa i. place of residence, bla- mai Mil. ; dga - ston - yyi place of a festival Glr. 2. situation, position, rank, ni f., Mil.-, yddn- dren-pa to invite, = spy an- O dr en-pa, to appoint, to nominate, dpon-du a chief, a leader Glr. ; to go to meet (?//.; *dan-su- ce* W. id. ; *dan-kyal-ce* W. to accompany, as a mark of attention ; dan-peb-pa to arrive Sch, 'q* yddb-pa, fut. of O debs-pa. yddm-ka W., ydam-naLe.r., choice, election, *ddm-ka c6-c W. to choose, to elect; yddm-na byed-pa Lex. id. yddm-pa, fut. of O doms-pa, yddms- pa, pf. of O ddms-pa, to advise, rgydl-po-la yddm-pai mdo adviser of kings, a mirror for sovereigns Thyy.; yddms-pa sbst. advice, counsel, doctrine, precept, /a, eleg. for '/''.'/-/'" /> and A7m/.x, i. to be, to be there, d,, 17* 266 ,'d(i how many arc there here ? 7,am. ; sgyiir- gin yda Glr.; rtog-tu ydao he or it may be discerned, distinguished DzL; pyin-nas yda he had arrived Mil.; no other negative than mi can precede it: zdbs-mfil-la cu reg-pa tsdm-las mi yda the water did not reach above the soles of the shoes Mil. 2. with par it expresses uncertainty, vague- ness, fsegs - par yda he may possibly go, Pth.; O di yin-pa (col. for par") yda he seems to be this (man) Pth. ; cf. O dug-pa. 3. to say, cf. mci-ba. yddl-ba another form for rdal-ba. uti-ba rnr^'n' ydiii-ba another form for O din-ba; also sbst. : ydin - ba dan bgo - ba carpets and clothes, i.e. all sorts of textures, . ydu-ba \. another form for sdu-ba to gather, to collect. 2. another form for ydun-ba(?) Sch.: to love; cf. rnyed-la ydu Zam. rnr'CT 1 ydu-bu Glr. , ydu-gu Glr. , fdub-bu So the usual form, ring for the wrist, bracelet, or for the ankle, an ornament of Hindoo women; lag (resp. pyag}-ydub bracelet; rkan (resp. zabs)-ydub foot-ring; soi' (col. ser)-ydub finger-ring Glr.; yser- ydub gold-ring, dnul-ydub silver-ring; yser- ser-ydub a golden finger-ring; *tdg-ce* W. to put on (a ring). ydug-pa \. poison - dug, ydug-pa ysum Dzl. = dug ysum; zds - su ydug-pa zd-ba Dom. 2. in general: any thing hurtful, or any injury, mischief, harm done; as adj. noxious, mischievous, dangerous, ydug-pa-can, of animals, demons, wicked men; dug-sbrul ydug-pa -can dangerous venemous serpents Glr.; dre-srin ydug-pa man many mischievous demons Glr.; yditg- pai bsdm-pa propensity to destroy, destruc- tiveness, ferocity, of beasts of prey Glr.: ydug-pai nd-ro wild screams Mil.; ydug- rtsub ferocity, malice, spite Mil.; stdr-bu ydug-pa tser-ma-can buckthorn with horrible spines Wdn.; also for mischief done by evil spirits Mil. mrrjKj* ydugs I. resp. dbu-ydugs 1. parasol. C ' umbrella, B., C. 2. canopy, bal- dachin: *}>!/{- ydugs a covering, shelter, awning, for several persons Glr. ; ydugs O bubs-pa to raise a canopy, to put up a shade or screen; of peacocks: to spread the tail. II. eleg. mid-day, noon, sdh-gi ydiigs-la for to-morrow noon DzL; noon -tide heat (cf. dugs}, ydugs-med ydoh-pa ydiigs-kyis yduns an unprotected face is molested by the heatL&r.; ydugs-fsod 1. noon-tide, dinner- time, 2. dinner. znrr- yduii, resp. for rus(-pa}, 1. bone, Q, bones, remains, esp. as rin-srd, also yduu-rus, sku-ydun; yser-yduh, diiul-ydiul the gold and silver palls covering the re- mains of the highest Lamas. 2. family, lineage, progeny, descendants, rigs ni rgyal- rigs-so,ydun-nigau-ta mao as to caste, he be- longs to that of the ruler, as to family, he is a descendant of Gotama ; also fig. : sans-rgyds- kyi yduii DzL the spiritual children of Bud- dha, the saints; yduii-brgyud yod the house, the family, is still existing Glr. ;yduii(brgyud) O dzin-pai sras a first-born male, by whom the lineage may be continued, frq.; also for any single descendant Glr. yduti- sgrom Sch. coffin, Schr. funeral urn. yduii- rten funeral pyramid containing relics, cf. mcod-^rten. ydun-rabs generation, iid-nas yduii-rdbs Ind-pa-la in the fifth degree after me Glr. rju-p-q- yduii-ba, yduns-pa I. vb. 1 . to desire, 'NS to long for, zds-la, lto-la, Glr. and elsewh.; *duh dun co-ce* W. id. 2. to love, sin-tu ydun-bai ma ycig my own dearly beloved mother! cf. brtse-yduii. 3. to feel pain, to be pained, tormented, afflicted, by heat or cold, thirst, lust, distress; *nyin dun-te* W. sad, sorrowful; ydun-bar byed- pa to make sad, to distress, yzdn-gyi sems- la, the mind of others. 4. to be dried, nyi-mas by the sun, of a dead body Dzl. II. sbst. 1. desire, longing, lust, yduii- ba zi (sensual) desire ceases Stg. 2. love, mos-gus-yduh-ba dpay-med skye immense veneration and love arises Glr. 3. affliction, misery, distress, torment, pang, yduit-bai skad a plaintive voice, doleful cry Glr. ydun-ma III. adj. 1. longed for. earnestly desired. - 2. beloved, v. above. 3. grieved, tor- mented frq. ; ydun-dbydn* a song expressive of longing or of grief, an elegy Mil.; ydutl- sems love-longing #., and col.; *a-ma-la dun-sem-can Q dug* W. he tenderly loves his mother. ydun-ma beam, piece of timber, md-ydun principal beam, bu-ydu/'i cross-beam; yduit-Kebs beams projecting over the capital of a column Glr. ydun- syriy a raft Ld. ydun- debs S.g. pedestal, base(?) ydun-zdm a bridge of timber or of poles. ydun-sin Sik. fir-tree (Pinus abies). ydiul-jtu love, longing Scfi., cf. ydti- ba. y-yii-ba, pf. ydeitx. Cs. to threaten, to menace; &&, to brandish in a menacing way, mfson-ydeii brandishing a weapon Lex.; I also met with: lag ydeit-ba Glr. to raise and move one's hand (in a suppliant manner), cf. ddit-ba II., and: />//// ysog yi/t'/i-pif :i bird with its wings raised and spread Mn. 267 ydtns-ka head and neck of a ser- pent, .sA/vi/-///// Glr. cnr (~ ^J'^J* )'d ( ''' s - P a 1 v - fdeh - ba , 2. = ydeit (?) *ddH-pa-can*W.*l6-ili'ii- pa* ('., deserving or enjoying confidence; faith- ful, trusty, of servants, husbands, wives etc. ydon(-pa), resp. zal-ydon, 1. face, countenance, ydoit skya a pale face Lt ; ydofi-dmar bod-yul the country of the red-faced (more accurately : brown- faced) Tibetans Pth.; ydot't-ndg(-po) 1. a black face; 2. a frowning countenance; ydon- cuit dejected, disheartened, Krel-med ydoit- cun mi byed-par impudent and saucy Glr.; *doit-srdn tdh-ce* W 7 !, *doit-sran-te cd-wa* Kun., to be forward, bold, brazen-faced; pag - yi ydon-pa pig's face, pig's head Sambh.; ydoh-bzi-pa Brahma ('the four- faced'). 2. surface, superficies, sa-yzii; fore-part, front-part, ddti-la adv. in front, in advance e.g. to go C.; ydon-ytdd, Ld.: doii- stdd just opposite; ydoit(-la)- ded-pa to push or press forward, to urge on (a donkey, a coward to the fight), to haul (a culprit before the judge); sndn-ba ydon-ded-pa to pursue one's course regardless of others (both in a good and in a bad sense) Mil. ; ydon-pyis handkerchief Sch.; *don-s? W. complexion, gyur son he has changed colour; to fug-pa and bsu-ba it is joined pleon.; )'rl Lf., SrA., infjitiiatcd or possessed l>y 268 J" f don-pa some evil spirit; ydon O jug-pa the entering of a demon into a person; ydon-mi-za-ba certainty, surety; de byun-ba-la or de byuii- bar ydon mi za there is no doubt of such a thing having happened ; gen. adv. : ydon- mi-za-bar undoubtedly, indubitably, ydon- mi- fsal-bar Dzl. id. ydon-pa Cs. fut. of O don-pa. , Lexx. = rigs-nan, an outcast, a man of the lowest and most despised caste, still below the dmdn-rigs. The Tibetan word for this caste was perh. originally dol-pa fisherman, and has afterwards been transferred to all per- sons that gain their livelihood by the kill- ing of animals, and consequently are de- spised as professional sinners. ydos 1. fetter, chain; ydos-fdg fetter in a fig. sense, bondage, Thgy. - 2. material existence (?;, matter (?), ydos-bcds, (b)rdos-bcds, material, corporeal, ydos-bcds- kyi lus Thgr., frq. ; ydos-bcas-su grub-pa med (these things) are nothing material, they have no substance Thgr.', ydos-nrfd immaterial, unsubstantial; ydds-su ce-ba seems to be the same as ydos-bcas, and perh. also ydos-pa O dzin Lex. - 3. ydos brgydb-pa C. for W. *Ka kun gydb-ce*, v. rkun-ma. ydos-pa 1. = /dos(?) 2. Cs. mast, sail-yard; ace. to Lexx. something pertaining to a ship; fdos-bu oar Sch. n^rcn* bdag 1. self, no, bdag for no, nyidDzl. ' VG, 14; gen. in the objective case: myself, thyself, one'$ self; bdag ston yzan smad to praise one's self, to blame others ; bdag srun-ba to devote one's self to solitary con- templation; or as a genit. : bddg-gi one's own, my, mine; bddg-gi sems-la smad he reproved himself Dzl.; bddg -tu O dzin-pa; bdag- dzin the clinging to the I, the at- tachment to one's own self, egotism, frq.; bdag dan bddg-gir O dzin-pa attachment to the I and mine S.O. ; bddg-tu ltd-ba prob. id., Tar. 35, 18, Schf. : Atmaka-theory, bdag- med-pai cos Tar. 36, 1 the Anatmaka, the contrary ; bdag - med rndm - pa ynyis are mentioned in Thgy., prob. . - gdii - zdg - gi bdag-mcd, and cds-kyibdag-medMil.c.Xil.', bddg-gir med S.O.; bdag -med ultimately coincides with ston-pa-nyid, Burn. L, 462 med. In common life, bdag -med is also used for another, *dag - med - kyi mi* id.; *dag-rned-la ma tan* do not give it to an- other; bdag-yzan I and others, one's self and others; bdag-nyid \. = bdag I myself, thou thyself, he himself, bdag-nyid-la yson- cig listen to me! Pth.; rgydl-po bdag-nyid the king himself Dzl. ; Ka-cig ni bdag-nyid rdb - tu Jbyun - bar ysol some ask for the permission of becoming priests themselves Dzl. ; bdag-nyid O ba-zig only for their own persons Thgy. 2. sbst. the thing itself, the substance, the essence, byan-cub-sems-kyi bdag-nyid yin I am the essence of bodhi, the personified bodhi, says Mil.; fugs-rjei bdag-nyid dkon-mcog-ysum o grace personi- fied, Triratna! Glr. ; the Ommanipadmehurn is sans-rgyds fams-cdd-kyi dgons-pa fams- cdd ycig-tu bsdus-pai bdag-nyid Glr., i e. the sum and substance of all the sentences of all the Buddhas concentrated in one word; bdag-nyid-cen-po, ce-bai bdag-nyid = rdzogs - pai sans-rgyds chief Buddha, Sakyathubpa, S.O. 2. sbst. pronoun, first person , I , eleg. , expressing modesty and respect to the hearer or reader, without amounting to our 'my own humble self, v. prdn-bu; plur. bddg - cag, bddg - rnams, bddg-cag-rnams, also in a general sense: we mortals Thgy. ; bddg-cag fson-pa-rnams we, these merchants here Dzl. 3. the I, the ego = gdh-zag Was. (269). 4. master, lord, for bddg-po, v. below. 5. in natural philosophy the element of solid matter; also for air Stg. bddg-po 1. proprietor, master, lord; bddg-poi sgra the syllable pa, as de- noting the active agent, i.e. him that has to do with a thing, e.g. rtd-pa (not to be taken as 'definite article' 6s.) ; thus in many compound words : Kdit-bdag, kyim-bdag etc. ; fugs-rjei bddg-po lord of grace, Awalokites- wara, Glr. init. ; supreme lord, liege-lord, klui bddg-po = dbdn-po, rgydl-po', patron. 2. husband, lord, spouse; hence *a-ma ddg- po, or srin-mo ddg-po*, a vulgar and ob- 2G9 bdd-ba scene word of abuse. bdag(-po) by>'d- pa to reign over, to possess, prop, with /yl and />///' btldr-ba to clean, to polish />;/. Mn. in two passages : to pray earnestly, which is the meaning required by the con- text, confirmed also by several Lamas. indiiii-dii />ddnii-:-ii-rt^i- ycig, ( W. *bdun - cu - don - fcig*}, don^yciy, seventy one etc. ; bdtm-bryyd seven hundred, lidnn-xt<'>;t seven thousand etc. lus -//// lidiin-po the seven (principal) parts of the body, viz. hands, feet, shoulders, and neck, 270 bdur-ba bden- pa (those of holy men are of a goodly size, long and stately) Sty. bd&n-prdg (/?- dopdc) seven days, a week, S.g. *:/.; bddg-pis nyes-pa bden-gyis it being true that I committed a fault Dzl. ; de-bzin-du bden srid it might be true after all Glr.; sin-tit yan bden to be sure, that is true! Glr. ; de bden-par nes-sam is it quite cer- tain that this is true? Glr.; ebden ltos-la bden - par O dug -na . . . see whether it is true, and if it is, then . . . l*th. ; bden-par O dzin-pa to believe to be true, to take for granted bden- dzin zig-na the illusion being destroyed T/tgr.; *den-ce-ce* W. (for ///)t-p(t. xinru-ba to tell or speak the truth; as adj.: true, veracious Sty., (W. *den-pa ze'r-kan*"); mi-bden-rdziin this is not truth but falsehood Glr.; bden -pa mfoit - ba to discern, to know, the truth, a degree of Buddhist perfection Tar.; bden-pa bzi the four truths, the four realities, viz. pain, the origin of pain, the annihilation of pain, and the way of annihilating it, v. Kopp. I., '1 '2(. Whether, when bden-paynyis are mentioned, they refer to two of the just named realities, or whether 'they always denote absolute (objective) truth (don-dam- /Kit Ixlt'ii - pa) and subjective truth (kun- rdznb-kyf i>/ lxlin-pa (Thgij. frq.). bden-pa-nyid seems to be a tech- nical term for truth, though the Buddhist understands by it nothing but sto/i-pa-ny/d. Nevertheless, the possibility of its being misapprehended from this reason ought to be no obstacle to the word being used in its original sense, and re-established in its proper right, the more so, as Buddhist, philosophy makes but a mockery of truth, by identifying it with a negation of reality. 2. = bden-tsig, v. below, Mil. Comp. ">/<'>/-n- dzin v. above. qr^- bder -bde-b//'<dtit-do(/-c'.: rog to n"Tir*T bdr<'d-/>d glowing embers, live or burning coals, mddg-mai doit a pit for keep- ing them, e.g. for the purpose of melting metals Stg. jrr- mdan, also mdans, 1. C., B. yesterday evening, last night, frq. ; mddn-gi rmi- lam, also mdaii - sum - gyi rmi - lam Glr., Pt/i.j last night's dream. 2. W. yesterday (cf ka-rtsan); mdah-sdil Lex., Cs.: 'yester- day and to-morrow, now -a- days'; perh. erron. for den-sdn. * m ddn - ba Sch. : mddh - bai ynas place of cremation, the spot where the burning of the dead takes place. skit mdans brightness of face, fresh and healthy complexion, also with bzin-gyi Cs.; mig - gi mdans bright eyes Lt; yzi- mddns = mdans ; dinar - bai mdans fresh, ruddy complexion Glr.; dmdr-bai mddns- kyis with a face beaming with joy Dzl. and elsewh.; the brightness is destroyed by disease, />/'0<7, frq., or is fading away, O cor Lt.; in a relative sense: appearance, exterior, look, mdans-ndn bad, ugly appear- ance S.g. 2. Med.: a hypothetical fluid, the most subtile part of the semen, a sub- stance that pervades the whole body, esp. the skin, and is the primary source of vitality; cf. Wise, Hindu Syst. of Med., Calcutta 1845, p. 42. 54. 201. mdans- bsgyur n. of a species of bile. 3. bright- ness, lustre, splendour, in general, nyi-mai, ojai B. and col.; fig.: dbdit-poi mddns-ma mig ni nd-la med Pth. I am destitute of the eye, that brightest of the senses, as much as: the most excellent of possessions is denied to me. II. resp. dprdl-ba forehead. - mda 1 . arrow, rgydb-pa, O pen-pa to shoot (an arrow) ; smyug - mda an arrow of reed, Icdgs-mda an iron arrow; dug -mda a poisoned arrow Mil.; dpral- bai mda an arrow lodged in the forehead Glr.; me-mda l. a fiery dart. 2. gun, fire- lock C. 2. any straight and thin pole or piece of wood, e.g. the stem or tube of a tobacco-pipe; sin-rtai mda pole or beam of a carriage ; Icdgs - mda an iron bar or rod, a ramrod etc.; cu-mda a jet or shoot of water, frq.; *(s)kdr-da* W. a shooting star. 3. = mdo 1. 4. symb. num.: 5. Comp. mda-Kun loop-hole, embrasure. - mda - mJcan 1 . an archer. 2. an arrow- maker Glr. mda-rgydn the range of an arrow-shot Glr. mda-sgro the feathers of an arrow Cs. mdd - cu the waters discharged from the lower parts of a valley, opp. to pu-cu, those of the upper part Glr. mda - ltdn the notch at that end of an arrow which is placed on the bow- string Pth. mda-ddr a little flag fastened to an arrow; esp. an arrow with silk rib- bons of five different colours. By hooking such an arrow into the collar of a bride, the match - maker draws her forth from among her maiden companions Glr. - mda- doii quiver. mdd -pa an archer; mda- dpon the commander of the archers, a high military rank C. mda-sprdd v. sprod- pa. mda - bet* perh. the more correct form of ta-ber. mdd-bo a large arrow. - mda-mo arrow- lot, a kind of fortune- telling by means of arrows. mda-rtsed byed-pa to amuse one's self with the shoot- ing of arrows Cs. mda-fso a troop of archers Cs. mda-yyu bow and arrows Dzl. mdd-bzo-pa arrow-maker. mda- ydb Glr. 1. Lex. = pu-su, fence; hence parapet, railing; yet a Lama from Tashi- Ihunpo declared it to be the projecting part of the (flat) roofs of large temples, on which the parapet is erected. 2. a covered gallery on the top of a house C. mdun 1. lance, spear, pike, mduii- sk&r-ba to brandish, to whirl a spear Cs.; mdun-Kyim Dzl. 96, 9 a frame for leaning spears against ; mduit-mJcan a maker of spears ; mdun- fun, or O fdb-mdun a short lance or pike, a javelin. mduii-fogs Mil., mdun-pa a spearsman, a lancer. mdtiii- ddr a lance with a little flag at the top. mdun-rtse top of a spear, spear - head : mdufi-sin shaft of a lance. mdun-bzo-pa = mdud 273 mdo-le - mdun rtse-ysum-pa trident. 2. Sting, of insects C., W., mduft bryydb- pa to sting. 3. yser-mdun, dnul-mdu/i prob. the two frontal muscles Med. &J^* mdud Lt. a medicine (?). jjrr n* wdud-pa a knot, mdud-pa bdr-ba >o " frq., dud -pa Lt., byed-pa Cs., *yydb-ce* W., to tie or make a knot, syrol- ba, ^rol-ba, to untie (a knot); *ddl-dud* W. sliding-knot , slip-knot, *sin - dud* W. a regular knot; skra - mdud knot or bow of ribbons holding together the long plaits of the women; frq. fig. ser-snai mdud-pa bonds of avarice Mil.; *nyin-dud dol-ce* W. (to untie) to open one's heart to a person ; mdud-pa-can. 1 . full of knots, knotty. 2. cloddy (?) S.g. mdud- dra a disease of the membrum virile, prob. paraphimosis Miiy. mdun the fore-part, the front -side of a thing ; the vis-a-vis, mdun-yyi ndm- mka-la in the heavens before him, over against him, Glr. and elsewh.; mdun-yyis adv. coram, face to face, mdun-yyis ltd-ba to behold face to face; gen. c. la, na, du, nas: 1. adv. before it, at it, to it, from it; 2. postp. before, at, to etc.; mdun-la ^6n- ba, or sleb-pa to come up or near, rdn-yi mdun - la sleb ma bcuy he did not allow (the pursuer) to come near; mdun-du skur-ba to send in advance; mdun-du pijin-pa to come near, to approach; to hasten to PtJi. ; mi mdn-po fsoys-pai mdun- du in the presence of a great number of people Dzl. sku-mdun-pa a waiting-man, valet de chambre, v. sku. mdun-lcoy v. Icoy-tse. mdun-na- don (C. *dijn-ndn- don*) I. Le.r. ij^tffcT, court- chaplain, do- mestic chaplain or priest; soprob.also Tar.58, 17. 2. at present: a high civil officer or functionary, = bka-blon, vizier, Sta. and elsewh. mdun-ma, frq. in later lit.; one Lama explained it by mos-pa, another by: 1. wife, 2. things, concerns; Jiy- rten-yyi mdun-ma = ojiy-rtin-yyi bya-ba. ^rrn iHdeu, Sch. also mdc-Ka, arrow-head '^ B. ; mde - sul Cs. : 'the furrows or grooves of an arrow-head'. ny'mdo 1. the lower part of a valley, where ' it merges into the plain (opp. to pu), = mda; more frq. the place where one valley opens into another, hence in gene- ral: the point where two valleys, roads (lam - mdo), rivers (cu- mdo) meet; Idm- sran-mdor at the street-corners Dzl. ; ysum- mdo, bzi-mdo, coy -mdo the point where three, four, several (roads etc.) meet, esp. bzi-mdo a crossing, cross-road, as a place of incantations; mdo prop. n. (in full: r-*t- mdons 1. the white spot, blaze, star on the forehead of a horse Glr. and elsewh. ; 2. the eye in a peacock's feather; rmd-byai mdons, sgro-mdons, mdons- sgro peacock's feather; mddns-mfa-can tur- key-hen Cs. mdons-pa = ldoh-ba, blind, phy- sically and morally, B., mig- mdons-pa, mdons-par Q gytor- dab re- tinue Cs. _-... O ddb-ma 1 wing, sprug-pa to shake (the wings) Cs., yyob-pa to clap them Cs. 2. ladle, float-board of a water- wheel. 3. petal, flower-leaf, frq.; O dab- brgyad eight-petaled Glr.; v. Schl. Buddh. 248. 4. any leaf, a broad leaf, also lo- O dab. 5. fan Cs. 6. flag Cs. O dab-cags a winged animal, bird, frq. O dab-rdns-pa full of leaves; with leaves fully developed Sch. O dab-ysog flag-feather, quill-feather. O dabs, rarely O dab, the side, lateral surface, of a hill, of the body etc. ; surface, mcin- dabs of the liver Med.; in a more general sense: sgdl- dabs the lumbar region Med.; pleon.: ndgs- Q dabs-na = ndgs- na in the woods Mil. QMi- O dam mud, mire, swamp, earth and water, = O ddg-pa, but as a product of nature ; O dam-rdzdb B., *dam-tsog* W. id. ; O ddm-du, O dam-rdzdb-la Jbyin-ba to sink into a swamp; *dam - pdg(s)* W. muddy plash, slough. Q ddm-bu reed for thatching, writing etc.; Cs. also sugar-cane; O dam-bu ka-ra? prob. a species of reed in wells or ponds Wdn.; * dam-bur* W. sugar-cane. O ddm-ka Zam., O ddm-ga, O dum-ini, O ddm-pa Cs. choice, option, den san O ddm-ka byed-pa to choose whether to-day or to-morrow Zam.; cf. yddm-ka. O ddm-pa (or O dom(s)-pa Glr. prov.) pf. O dams, imp. O dom(s\ to choose, to select, a bride Glr.; mi-ytsdn-ba O ddm- pa such as choose impure things, cynical, lascivious characters Stg.; O dam-rin choos- ing, turning over in one's mind a long while;' dgrd-bo ydn-pa mi ytan O dam - riii fdbs - kyis ydul prob. : not losing sight of your enemy, constantly watching, put him dd-ba i 275 down, as soon as an opportunity offers, S.g., and hence ze-sddh O dam - ri/i a long lingering, lurking grudge S.g. orn*n* O dd-ba, pf. O das (prob. vb. n. to l>dd- ba, O ded-pa) to pass over, 1 . to travel over, to clear a certain space, fan de this plain Samb/t. ; zag du-mai lam (to perform) many day's journeys DzL 2. c. las: to go beyond, to surpass Dzl. ; Ihd-las dds-pai spos incense surpassing that of the gods, i.e. that which is burnt to them S.O.; to exceed, fsdcl-las the measure Lt. ; grans-las dds-pa Tar. surpassing number, innume- rable; bsdm-byai yul-las (surpassing) the understanding or imagination, inconceivable Gli: ; to transgress, to trespass against, bkd- /xJ t : rr .s/Y/!//'rs- pa to consist of or in, ynyis-su O dus-so (re- ligion) consists of two things Thyy.; snaii- srt'd seim-su O diis-te yda the external world consists of spirit, is spirit, i.e. is nothing Mil. 5. col. : to be drawn together, to con- tract, to shrink, *dus ca dug* Ld. it shrinks, e.g. wood or paper from heat; *tsa- Q d>t* C. prob. cramp, spasm, convulsion; *dus-K-an* Ld. elastic, springy. O du -byf d > S*k- *TWTT' (the Tibetan word is nothing but a literal trans- lation of the Ssk. sariskara; cf. also O du-ses and pun-po) 'one of the obscurest and most difficult terms of Buddhist philosophy'76>/.>p. I, 603, where the various translations are enumerated that have been attempted, such as: idea, notion, imagination (cf. Burn. I, 503), action ( Was.) etc. It should, however, at once be acknowledged, that the word cannot be translated into a European lan- guage, as the meaning given to it is not the result of honest research and obser- vation, but a product of arbitrary and wild speculation. O du ~o dzi n ise, bustle, din, clamour, O du- dzi med-pai dben-pa O di this solitude without any noise Mil. ; O du- dzi- la ynds-pa to live in the midst of the bustle of worldly affairs; O du-zin, O du-ldn Cs. id. o du ~^ Ssk. ^tfT ('con-scientia : ) corresponds in most cases to our idea, notion, conception, image, although sometimes perception, feeling, sense, thought, consciousness may be employed for it: nor- la rtdg - tu yod - pai O du - ses skyed - pa to combine with earthly goods the idea of constant possession S.O. and thus frq.; lus- la yrui O du-ses )ug-pa to unite with the human body the idea of a ship, to represent the body as a ship, Thyy., skyo-bai O du- ses byuh the perception, the feeling of dis- comfort arises S.g. ; Kro-bai O du-ses-spdn-ba to detest the idea, the thought of anger Dzl. ; dye-bed pyoys-la O du-ses cun-zad kyafi ma yyos no thoughts, no inclinations, tend- ing to virtue, arose (in him), virtuous emo- tions never stirred in his mind; cdgs-fxif O du-ses-can entertaining thoughts of sensual pleasure Glr.; O du-ses slar rnyed-pa to recover from a state of insensibility; as vb. : O du-ses-pa, mya-nan- dds fob du - ses- te imagining that I shall obtain NirwHna Thyy. As one of the five pun - po it is translated by idea (Bum. I, 511), by per- ception (AV;/. I, 603). The three terms O du-ses-can, du-ses-med-pa, du-ises-ined-min may be rendered : having the faculty of think- ing, having no faculty of thinking, neither thinking nor not thinking (Dzl. 9^S^ 7), (ht-ses-can refers to human beings, the two other terms relate to celestial beings (v. Kopp. I, 261, 17 and 26), that are evi- dently so much the more excellent and exalted, as they are far above all reason- ing and thinking. According to another, and (it would seem) more natural inter- pretation, the first of these three terms implies rational beings (man), the second irrational beings (higher animals), and the third quite irrational creatures (lower ani- mals, worms, rep tiles J that are not even possessed of the sensitive powers of the higher animals), whilst the 'long-lived Lhas' of the Nth. heaven are classed together with the common Lhas (who however taken strictly, belong to the 'first world') and on account of their stupidity are believed to be incapable of ever being converted, TJigy. nrqrrr o a ^9~P a (eleg. ydd-ba, resp. bziigs- ^ pa) \. to Sit, syn. with sdod-pa; with nu, la etc.; to sit down with termin. or In: to sit up (in bed); O dug-par O gyu>' to get seated Dzl. YNS, 6; to remain sitting, to keep one's seat, Dzl. Y\S, 7; to remain, to stay, O i/fr ma O duy-par son zig Dzl.; to remain behind, to stay at home, with or without /-////. l, : ylm-na etc. Dzl. 2. to be, to exist, to live Glr. : . . . tkabe-med ^dug-go /' there is no chance of ... Yes, there is! ... O duy .svs-w/s knowing that ... is still alive Dzl.; gs-pa; with or without sran-la. rgyd-ma-la etc.: to put on the balance, to weigh, B.; zib-btigs weighed accurately dc/l-ba Lt.', O degs-Kal 'a bushel by weight 1 f'.s., or rather: twenty points on the large steel- yard. *jug - tag* W. water - wagtail. *deg-Ka* C., W., weight. O dtgs-dpon is said to denote a military dignity, but is not generally known; as 'servant waiting at table', it ought to be spelled stegs-dpon. O dcgs-sin Sc/i. yoke, fitted to a person's shoulders, for carrying water-buckets etc. O deh - ba, pf. deii, imp. deti(s), to go, esp. pyir den-ba to go back, to return, DzL, Lex. Cf. Q doii-ba. O ded-fa, pf. and imp. ded, some- times preceded by rjes-su, to go or walk behind, hence 1. to drive, cattle, the herdsman walking behind the animals, whereas of the shepherd /cnd-pa is used; rUth-gis gru O ded the wind drives the ship, frq.; also to drive through (a tube) by blowing, to blow through Glr.; to drive (animals, birds) from a place of rest, to rouse, start. 2. to pursue, chase, run after, tydd-MQ O ded - pa to be in the rut (of a stallion); *ded tdn-ce* W. to chase, to hunt; *ded-de bo-ce* W. to call after a person. 3. vb. n. to follow in succession, to suc- ceed, rim -pa bzin successively, of gene- rations, Glr. 4. to call in, to recover, money, debts; bu-lon- ded drdg-po a severe dun Mil.; O ded-mi a driver, e.g. the person walking behind the horse of a rider, driving it on Lt.; the pursuer of a fugitive Glr. Cf. bdd-ba. o debs 1 . puncheon (tool). 2. time, times, - *lan* W.(?). od&9-pO) pf- btab, flit, ftab, imp. fob, supine O debs-su, and yddb- tu, W. *tdb-ce*, imp. *tob*; to cast, throw, strike, hit, variously applied, cf. rgydb-pa, in li. gen. with instr., even if there is a dative in the same sentence, v. the ex- amples; *cog-tse-la tdb-ce* W. to strike upon the table; iiuit-gis, ydon-gyis, >n'nl- kyis O debs-pa, to be beaten by the wind, to be possessed by a demon, to be seized with an illness, frq.; s/ibs-pa, to pitch a tent, a camp (driving in the tent-pins); also without a sbst.: stiar btab-pai cu-yson-du (pitching) in the same dell where they had encamped be- fore DzL 7V9, 1. (Sch. incorr.): hence in general: to found, to establish, e.g. a mo- nastery, frq.; dus O debs-pa to fix a time. O dem-pa to prove, to examine Sch. * O der Glr. prob. for Idcr. Ogr o do, for mdo 3., 6s. O do-yod prudent, ' clever, O do-med Lex , Cs. imprudent, silly. q^W O do-ba 1. sbst. Sch.: 'a breed of fine horses' ; one Lex. has O do-i'ta w. e. - 2. vb. Cs.: = zU-ba, to say, to repeat; ma- dos-par unspeakable (?) DzL %&V, 4 (the reading of Sch. dubious, v. Schf.'s remarks on this passage). o dog-pa, prob. an incorr. reading for dogs-pa. <% s -P a > P f - bta( J s ( also ydays'?), fut. fdag(s), imp. fogs, W. : ' : foi" />'.. C's.; to desire, to long for, Kyim O dod I wish I were at home Dzl.; me dan nyi-ma (I am longing) for fire and for sunshine Mi'un zdd-de after all desires have ceased Dzl.; O dod-pa-rnams-la cdu- rntnns ka-^lril-te no-log-pa a conspiracy Sc/ir. 2. to roll down, ri-bo itos-la the slope of a hill Tligy. 3. to fall, to fall down W. II. vb. a., cf. sgril-ba, to wrap up, rds- ki/is in a kandkerchief Glr., dar sna Inas in five sorts of silk Glr. ; zans-kyis (covered or sheathed) with copper Mil.; to heap together, to pile up, me-tog pun-por dril the blossoms are aggregated, heaped to- gether in a panicle Wdn. ; dril-bas in short, to sum up all, in summa Glr. Ijags O dril- ba Sch. : to play with the tongue, moving it to and fro. O dns-pa to be accustomed to, to be acquainted with, gen. with dan, Glr. and col. ; rarely with accus. : fnyen )i team O dris bzin the more friends you get familiar with ; mig O dris ces-na if persons constantly see one another, get perfectly used to one another, Mil.; mostly adj. (= goms-pa} accustomed, used, mi or Kdn- pa dan, to men, to one's house; also dris- pa used absol. = tame W. ; dris-pa mi an acquaintance, a sympathizing friend, an assistant Thgy.\ snar-dris-kyi mi an old acquaintance, an old crony Thgr. A deri- vation of dris-pa from O dnd-pa, Jbrid-pa, to deceive, to bait, to decoy, and hence to tame, was suggested by some Tibetans, but is after all scarcely to be authenti- cated. Q^'^T O dru-ba v. Jbru-ba. O drugs-pa to fall into small pieces, to crumble (away) Sch. O drud-pa, pf. and imp. drud( drus?), rarely O brud-pa, 1. to rub, lus the to file, to rasp, sin wood, Lex.; to rub off, to scour, *be-ma dan W.; to polish, to smooth, to plane, pag-ste with a plane W.; to grind, to powder, to pulverize (?). - 2. to drag, to draw or pull along on the ground, by a rope, ro sd-la a dead body on the ground (ina- drus-par without slipping (?) Med.~) 3. *t]ud-de gyur ton* W. move, or push it a little aside; dud cdd-ce W. to cut off obliquely (?). O dri, 1 1 . body 284 NS drul-ba 2. to embroider 6'. 3. to heal, rma wounds S.g. fsem-drub needle- work Sch. O drul-ba, pf. drul, gen. rul (q.v), to become putrid, to rot, to putrefy, drul- bar gyur-ba id.; O drul-bar byed-pa to cause to be decomposed Med.; rten- drul prob. : putrefied substances, bsan-yas Jbyin- par-byed are removed with the faeces Med. ? O dre, also lhd- dre, W. *ldn-cle*, goblin,, gnome, imp, demon, evil spirit, devil, col. the most frq. word for such beings; quite in a general sense : klu-ynydn-la sogs- pai lha- dre-rnams; byd- dre, O dre-rgod Lt. prob. two particular species of demons; zd - O dre is said to be a word for 'owl' ; O dres Jfyer-ba to be carried off by goblins Ma.; O dres-}'nod, O drei ynod-pa mischief done by evil spirits ; O dre J)ug-pa the entering of evil spirits, the state of possession; O dre- zugs -pa ( W. *-Kan*} one possessed by a devil, a demoniac ; skrod-pa to cast out, O dul- ba to subdue (devils). Comp. O dre- O jigs-sin = gu-gul-sin, 'devil's fear', a resinous wood, by the burning of which goblins are smoked out. - O dre- pan-Jca n. of the fruit of sgon-fog Wdn. *de-pu (or bu?)-fsub* W. whirlwind, water- spout. O dre-po a male devil, O dre-mo a female d., O dre-bu a young d., an imp Cs. O dre-me-bud ignis fatuus, will-o'the wisp, Jack with the lantern Schr. O dre-dmdg a goblin host. O dre-ldg the left hand, the left side of the body being supposed to belong to the evil spirits C. O dre-sig 'devil's louse', bed-bug C. O dre-srin goblins and Rakshasas, demons in general, frq. Q$*n* O dre-ba I. pf. and imp. O dres, prop. ^ vb.n. to bsre-ba, 1. to be mixed with, de ynyis dres-(-nd) Lt. if the two are mixed with each other; pyogs-ycig-tu O dres mixed together, miscellaneous Lex.] O dres-mfsdms ( O fsams Tar.} the 'limit of mixing', rgyd- mfso dan gdn-gd O dres-mfsdms the influx of the Ganga into the sea Tar. 178, 9; fsig yzan ma O dres-par without mingling other talk with (the conversation); Ka dan snyin ma O dres a man with whom word and senti- ment differ, a hypocrite; cos dan cos ma o dren-pa yin-pa O dres right and wrong were mixed together; in an absol. sense: spyod-pa O dres- te mu-stegs-par gyur-to his course of life degenerated, and he became a Brahmanist Pth.; dud- gro O dres-pa an animal of a mixed race, half-breed, mongrel; ma O dres- par without any confounding or mixing to- gether, sharply discriminating Mil.; ma- O dres-pa prob. pure, unadulterated. 2. to interfere, to meddle with, *de U-ka dan ma cle* W. do not meddle with that; to have intercourse with, to engage in, B. and col.; rdn-sems bld-ma O dres-pas bde through your, the Lama's, intercourse with my soul, in your society, I am happy Mil ; ytam O drd- ba id. II. erron. for ^gre-ba Pth. O dreg-pa v. Jbreg-pa. o^reys v. dreg-pa. o d d -P a ^ slide, glide, slip, *ded- de gyel* W., * ded-tag(?) sor-ne * C. he slipped and fell. Q$cT]* O dren-pa, pf. dran(s\ fut. dran, imp. drops'), 1. to draw, drag, pull, a carriage Glr. ; a person by his arm Dzl. ; drdg-tu violently Dzl.; to draw tight, a rope Dzl.; to draw from, to pull out, an arrow out of a wound Glr. ; to press or squeeze out, matter, pus, Med. ; to tear out, ysoii- poirgyu-ma the intestines of a living person ; fig. Ka-cig fser-snon-gyi rigs-suait O dren some reckon it (lit. draw it) to the species of Meconopsis Wdn. ; to cause, to effect, bde- cen felicity Thgy., skyug-pa vomiting Tar. - 2. to conduct, water (W. *rdn-ce*}; to lead, to guide; with or without swa, lam O dren-pa tq direct a person in his way; also sbst. guide, O dren-med without a guide, without akingZteZ. ; esp.toleadto happiness, felicity, frq.; opp. to log- O dr en-pa q.v.; yul- du-dmag to lead an army into a country, to wage war against it, frq. 3. to cite, to quote, lun a religious authority Cs. 4. to invite, a guest; to call, to go to meet; to cause to appear, to conjure up, a ghost, a deity; resp. spydn- dren-pa, yddn- dren- 285 rdun-ba pa; also for to fetch, to go for, if the object is of a sacred character, e.g. relics; spyan ma drafts-par O gro-ba to go uninvited ( s. 5. to place before one, to serve up, dishes, meals; to pour out, beer, wine etc., ccdpar., frq.; resp. with zdl-du Pth.; to taste, to eat or drink what has been offered, resp. W. (cf. mcod-pa, ysol-ba). 6. to count, to number, esp. with re, wre-re-nas, separately, one by one, Glr., Mil.; to enumerate, ma drans . .. are here not enumerated Wdn.; c. tennin. to count for, to consider, to look upon as, dpe-ru as a parable, as not existing Mil. 7. W. in a general sense: to convey, to remove, *zd-ce fur-man dan den* food is conveyed by a spoon, *Ica Kyem dan den* snow is removed by a shovel. 8. further: rkan (resp. zabs~) O dren-pa to insult, to scoff, to deride Thyy., C. me O dren-pa the blazing, flaring of a flame Sch. mgo- dren v. myo, comp. O dren - ma, O dres - ma, mixture, medley, e.g. in border-districts a mixed dialect, a mixed religion; a mixed colour, e.g. gray. O dr6iis-pa = O dren -pa, esp. in conjunction with spyan: spydn- O dro//s-sam Itos sig; mi drons-na try whether you can invite him (whether he will come) ; if not, then . . . Mil., also Mil. nt. O dr6g-pa 1. to wince, shrink, quiver, start, from fear; to shy, of horses; O dr6g-can shy, skittish, easily frightened W. 2. O drog-sl6n-ba Sch. : to take by sur- prise, to deceive by cunning, to outwit; blo- O dr6g Lex. w.e. S drob-sky6n Sch. : 'the keeper of light' (?). rdan v. ydan. rddb-pa v. rdeb-pa. rddr-ba \. bddr-ba. rddl-ba, pf. and fut. brdal, imp. rdol, also yddl-ba, bddl-ba, \ . to spread, sand, stones, manure, esp. if done by means of a stick, rake, shovel etc.; to extend, a canopy Pth.\ to cover, rdzin-yi zabs bye- mas, the bottom of a pond with sand Dzl.\ fig. dam-cos fan-mar bddl-ba-la now when holy religion lies before you as if it were spread out in a plain, i.e. when it is accessible to all, Mil.; kyab-yddl or rddl spreading far and wide, all-embracing, sems ndm- mfi'a ltd-bu, cds-kyi klon, cos-dbyins, and the like ; gron-rddl v. sub f/ron. 2. sos- . w.e.; Sch.: slowly, not in a hurry. >'dig yo-bydd? ndn-gi rdig kun Mil. seems to mean : all the utensils and furniture of a house. Itm- ' ?cn$rr rdigs - pa to beat Sch., prob. = ' ' rdeg-pa. ^n'rr rdib-pa, pf. rdibs, vb. n. to rtib-pa, "^ to fall to pieces, to give way, to break down, of a roof, rock, tree, the heavens. 2. to get dinted, battered, like tin-vessels by a blow or knock, C., W. rdu-ba Cs. thistle, not generally known, but perh. the same as ma-rdu. rdug-pa, pf. brdugs, fut. brduy, 1. to conquer, to vanquish (?), klu-rnams- kyis lha-ma-yin fub-cin rditg-par byds - te the Nagas having overcome and vanquished the Asuras Sty. ; hence prob. to annihilate, destroy, undo, der fabs brdugs -pas as all resources were destroyed Pth. 2. to strike against, to stumble at, C. (cf. fug-pa II, 3) ; fogs-rdug (or brtug)~med-pa, v. fogs -pa, without impediment. K rdun, a small mound, hillock, Ld. \s xr-n* rdun-ba, pf. brduns, fut. brduii, imp. 4 (b}rdun(s), also bdun-ba, to beat, to strike, a person, a drum etc. ; to cudgel, to drub, also rduh- fsoq-pa (Sch. - O fsob-pa?); to beat with a hammer, to hammer, lcags\ rdun-du run-ba malleable, ductile; to knock, sao at a door ; to break to pieces, to smash, rdo-yis with a stone (the sacrificial vessels) Glr.; to beat out, brd-bo buckwheat, with a stick; hence to beat out with a flail, to thrash; to pound, to bray: xttn-rduH a pestle Ld. />/<> rdiiii-lm to dance. yzu rdun- ba to bend the bow, v. Schf. on Dzl. 7xS?, 11. lcan a fighter, bully; of horses: 286 rdum-po a kicker ; of oxen, butting. rduit-ytdg Lex. w.e., prob. a drubbing, a sound thrashing; rdun-ytag byun I have got a drubbing. rdum-po Cs. maimed, mutilated, nh'nn- po byed-pa to mutilate, lag-rdum a maimed hand, rkan-rdum a maimed foot, rwa-rdum a mutilated horn; havingamaimed hand, foot etc. Mil. xrji- rdul dust not so much as a deposited ^, mass, but rather as particles floating in the air, motes, atoms; thus esp. rdul- p'rdn, rdul-prd-mo, rdul-pra-rdb , nyi-zer- gyi rdul, yet less to express minuteness than infinite number; atom, in a philosophical sense, feu - Urdg - gi rdul fams-cdd all the atoms of the procreative fluid Wdn.; monad, rdul-pra-rab-ca-med, ace. to Was. (279); rdul O ful, Idan, dust arises DzL; rdul mi ful-bar (or ma Idan- bar) byed-pa to lay the dust DzL; spi*ug-pa, W. *srug-ce*, to shake off, to beat out ; rdul-du rlog-pa (in this case also fdl-bar rlog-pa) to crush or pound a thing, until it is reduced to powder Lex.', glah-rdul Cs.: 'a, mote in the dung of an ox'(?), Sch.: '& small particle of cow- dung.' rdo-rjei rdul diamond-powder(P) Lex. ; sol-bai rdul coal-dust. Comp. rdul - can dusty. rdul-pydgs dusting-whisk, dusting-brush Sch. rdul-fsub a whirling cloud of dust. rdul-fson col- oured stone-dust, employed in certain ce- remonies, for making figures drawn in the sand more visible Mil. nt. rdul-fzdn a blouse (?), travelling-cloak against the dust, Wdk. fol. 144 a Lha wears such a garment. rdul-po, prob. erron. for rtul-po DzL 9W 2 :" rde in compounds for rdeu. rde-ba-da-ru Wdn., tibetanized from ^rarei^r. cedar. rdeg(s)-pa, pf. (6)n%s,fut. brdeg, imp. (6>%(s), to beat, strike, smite, c. accus., or (less corr.) c. dat., chiefly in B., rdeg-cin spyod-pa, verberando con- cumbere, to compel a wife by blows to fulfil the conjugal duty Thgy.', me- Ion- la b)'dey-cin beating the looking-glass in anger ^ rdo Glr. ; rdeg- fsog-gi sdug-bsndl the ill-fortune of getting a beating Thgy.; to push, thrust, knock, kick, pul-rdeg a blow with the fist, byed-pa to give one Mil.; rdeg-cos Lex. w.e., Sch. a dance; rdeg-cos -pa to dance, so perh. Thgy.. if brdog-cos-pa is not a better reading, glo^rdeg(-tu) = glo-biir-du, sud- denly. ?^'CJ" rdeb-pa, sometimes for sdeb-pa. t- rdeb(s)-pa, pr.ob. the original form, but of rare occurrence, for rddb-pa, pf. brdabs, fut. brdab, 1 . to throw down with a clap, to clap the coat-tail on the ground Glr.; with a clashing sound, a potsherd Tar. ; to fling or knock down, a person Mil. ; lus sd-la to prostrate one's self, very frq. ; rtas (to be thrown) by the horse Sch.; *ka ddb-pa* i. C. to fall upon one's face. 2. It", to smack with the tongue, also of the snapping of a spring, of the clapping down of a lid or the cover of a book; *kd- Ipags deb -pa* W. to smack with the lips (in eating). 2. to throw to and fro, to toss about, mgo-bo rdebs-sin O dre-ldog-pa to turn one's head this way and that way Pth. - 3. to stumble Sch., so perh. Lt. fol. 196, 6; cal rddb-pa Lex., rddb-cal-ba Sch. to slip and stumble. 4. to kill, to slaughter Bal. 5. *deb-sog se'-pa, tan -wo? C., *ur deb tdn-ce* W., to talk big, to exaggerate. xn CJ"J"' rdeu, rde, rdel-po, dimin. ^ N3 ' v ^ of rdo, 1. a little stone, pebble, rdeu bskur-ba bzin like a little stone thrown on the ground Glr. 2. the stone, calculus, in the bladder or the kidneys, po- rde calculus in males, mo-rde in females; rdeu cdgs-pa the concrescence of a calculus, rdeu ^don-pa the removing it Cs. rdel- dkdr a white pebble, rdel-Krd a coloured pebble Cs. rde-^rdm ('the spreading of little- stones') the counting with pebbles Cs. rde-yzdl a pavement of pebbles. 3. a musket-ball C., rdeu-pdr a bullet-mould; a bullet-founder C. y 1 rdo B., C., rdo-ba in W. the usual form, i in more recent lit. frq., 1. stone. 2. weight, for weighing things by a balance, 287 rdo rdo-rjt col.; rdoi of stone, rdoi tub-pa a stone Buddha Glr.; rdo skyed-pa, skyd-ba, to carry or drag stones to a place; *do-cdg cog-pa' C. a ceremony observed in making a contract, by breaking a stone and using the fractured side as a seal, cf. mdzug-gu O tud-pa ; rdo-bcdl btin-ba Sch. : 'stones ar- ranged according to their species'; *do-rub- la tdn-ce, do-rub tdh-te sdd-ce* W. to pelt, beat, or kill with stones, to stone: rdo rus fug to the last extremity Sch.\ dnul-rdo a stone containing silver, silver-ore Lex.; sprin-rdo a sort of marble Cs.; sbrd-rdo Sch., (perh. spra-rdo?) asbestus; me -rdo fire-stone, flint; rman-rdo foundation-stone; zur-rdo corner-stone; yser-rdo a stone con- taining gold, gold-ore Cs. Comp. rdo-kldd a stone resembling a sheep's brain, and used as a remedy for diseases of the brain S.g. rdo dkdr Cs. a white stone; Sch. alabaster. rdo-skrdn a kind of steatite or soap-stone. rdo- K'd a vein in a stone. rdo-Kog a stone pot. rdo-mfcns gall-stone (?) S.g. rdo- rgyud various kinds of soft stone, as ser- pentine, soap-stone, chalk. rdo-rgyus S.gJ *do-cdg* C. oath taken in the above mentioned ceremony. rdo-cdl Sik. = rdo- yzdl. rdo-cdr a shower of stones; hail Schr. rdo- cdn, W. *dom-cdn*, a stone of such a size as may be grasped by the hand. rdo-mnyen Cs. = ka-ma-ru a soft kind of stone, alabaster. rdo-snyin jasper Sch. rdo-fdl Cs. stone -ashes, calcined stone; Sch. quicklime, Schf. Tar. 103,14: chalk; rdo-fdl byugs-pa to rough -cast, to plaster. rdo-dreg S.g. ? Sch. dirt on stones. rdo-snum rock-oil, petroleum Schr. * do- pe* W. stone-dust, small p;irticles or grains of stone. rdo buh-ba a shining black stone Cs. rdo-bos (perh. do-bos') a large hammer, mallet 1A. do-dbyug a sling- stone S.g. rdo -Jbum a sacred heap of stones, a mani. rdo -shorn large, heavy stones Sch. rdo-rtsig stone-wall rdo- fsdd (= ydm-bu, rta-rmig-ma Cs.) a bar of silver-bullion, of about 156^ tolas (4 pounds) in weight, the common medium of barter in Central Asia. rdo-zun Lt. brag- zun bitumen, mineral pitch (?) rdo-zo lime, both quick lime and slaked lime C. rdo- fzdl a stone-pavement. rdo-fzogs a cut or wrought stone 6s. rdo-zdm a stone- bridge; a rock-bridge, natural bridge formed by overhanging rocks. rdo-rin(s) a stone pillar, obelisk, as a land-mark, monument, or an ornament of buildings Glr. rdo- ril a globular stone Pth. rdo-leb a stone slab to sit upon ; or to write on etc. rdo - sran a stone weight 6s. rdo - srin Glr. 50, 10, evidently a corruption of dar- srin. y"- rdo-r)e, gen. *dor-je* W. *ddr-2!e*, ^^, i (Zam. also ^tra) 1. precious, stone, jewel, esp. diamond, more precisely: rdd- rje pa-ldm', rdo-iyei ytun a knocker made of precious stones Dzl. ; rdo - rjei sku an adamantine body Pth. ; rdo-rjei fse an ada- mantine life G7r.; zag-med-rdo-rje-lta-bui fse-la mna brnyed-pas Pth. as much as im- mortality; rdo-rjei )im-pa, or rin-po-cei jim-paGlr. mortar composed of pulverized precious stones and water, and considered a cement of marvelous properties. 2. thunderbolt, originally the weapon of Indra, with the northern Buddhists the ritual sceptre of the priests (v. Kopp. II, 271; Was. 193), held by them during their prayers in their hands and moved about in various directions; symbol of hardness and durability, also of power; source of many phantastic ideas and practices ; frq. forming part of names. 3. euphem. for po-rtdgs C. Comp. rdo-rje-glin seems to be the po- pular spelling of the Sanitarium in British Sikkim, which by the English generally is written Darjeeling. (Here Csoma died, and Dr. Hooker staid here for some time.) Ace. to several titles of books in the Petersb. list of manuscripts, it ought properly to be spelled dar-rgyas-glin. rdo-rje-rgya-grdm v. rgya comp. rdo-r)e-ycdd-pa, ^^T^f^qrr, title of a religious book most extensively used among Buddhists; Was. (145), fiwn. I, 465. - rdo-rje-^cdn, 288 rdo-ra " Ma.. also Idg-na, or pydg-na-rdo-rje, and abbreviated Za#-, or pyay-rdor, holder of the sceptre, originally the Indra of the Brahmans; in Buddhism, in the first place, the Dhyani Bodhisatva of the Dhyani Buddha Aksobhya, and secondly a terri- fying deity, the guardian of the mystical doctrine (Was. frq.), hence confounded with the cos-sktjon-bzi, as well as with ku-be-ra, prince of the ynod-sbyin, and special deity of Milaraspa; v. Kopp. and Schl. rdo- r)e-fddn, ej^fraT, prop the diamond seat or throne of Buddha at Gaya, Kopp. I, 93, and hence also proper name applied to that town, frq. rdo-rje -pa-ldm diamond v. above. rdo-rje-pdcj-mo, ^J^TTTflj or 3T'jfVr% ( Wts. 136) 'diamond-sow', a goddess of later Buddhism, frq. worshipped (also in Lh.j where she has a sanctuary at Mar- kula near Trilpknath), and incarnated as abbess in a nunnery, situated on an island of the lake Pal-te, v. Georgi Alph. Tib., Wts. 135. rdo-r)e-pur-pa Glr. an in- strument the upper part of which is a dorje and the lower a purpa. rdo-rje-legs-pa, abbrev. *dor - lag*, a local deity in LA., originally an honest village black-smith. rdo-rje- sems-dpa, cjSjq-^. gen. = rdo-rje- ^dn (Was. 188), sometimes differing from it, v. Schl. p. 50; also = mi-skyod-pa, Ak- sobhya; also mi - skyor't - rdo-rje Glr. Re- specting the word rdo-rje cf. Burn. I, 526. 2fc" rdo-ra, or rto-ra circle of dancers W. jqr rdog C. root, *dog dhan 16 -ma* root ' ' and leaves; *lab-dog* radish-root; yet cf. rdog-po. |JOTcr rdog-pa step, footstep; kick, rdog-pa Jb6r-ba to step, to pace, to walk Cs.; rdog-sgra the sound of steps, the clattering of hoofs; rdog-stdn a straw-mat for clean- ing one's shoes C. ; rdog-pai ^6g-tu O jug-pa Dzl ;*?, 13 (Ms.-, Sch.: rdog-pai zdbs-su?) to prostrate, to throw under one's feet; rdog- pas rdun-ba Sch., O pul-ba Sch., snon-pa, mndn-pa Sch., rdog-ptd rgydb-pa Pth., *dog- fopul-wa* C., * dog-con gyab-ce* W.to strike with the foot, to apply a good kick, to stamp the ground; rdoy-bstdd byed-pa prob. id.; prop, to load, to pack on(? 7 \ rdog-po (Cs. also rdog-ma), a grain of corn, sand, sugar; a drop of rain Glr.; sranrdog bdun seven peas; O preh-rdog the bead of a rosary, which often consists of grains of seed ; a piece, rdog-ycig (how many turnips do you want?) one C. J" rdons-pa v. sdohs-pa. * rdom-cdn v. rdo-mcdn. Si- rdor 1. in compound words for rdo- ' rje. 2. n. of a monastery in Tibet Cs. Chronolog. Table 1223 p. C. 3. - sdor Cs. 1^'^T rdol-pa a cobbler 6s., pTob.==}>dol-pa. IJjj-q- rdol-ba, pf. and fut. brdol, vb. n. to rtol-ba, 1. to come out, to break forth from, to gush forth, to issue from, of a well of water (issuing from) Pth. ; to come up, to sprout, to shoot, of seed; *so ma dol* W. the teeth are not yet cutting; /con - nas rdol-bai glu a song streaming forth from .within Mil. ; mi-nad rdol-zin diseases break- ing out among men Mil.] to flow or run Off, of the water of a lake; klon rdol-ba to come forth, to proceed from the middle or the midst of Glr. (the meaning of this passage is not quite clear); rdol-yzer an instrument for boring metals Sch. 2. of vessels : to leak, to be not tight, to have holes, snod zabs-brdol a vessel with a leaky bottom Thgy.; also of shoes, covers, tent-cloth etc. not being watertight; to break, to burst, of ulcers, wounds; glo-^rdol Med. v. glo-ba; rdol-ynydn Sch.: 'fistula; gonorrhea'. 3. to rave, to del irate: to be sleep-walking, lunatic, also bla rdol(smrd}-ba Lex,, where it is explained by bab-col; ynyid-rdol, mig- rdol C. id. rdos-pa 1. sbst., Cs. = ydos; lus rdos- ce Lex. w.e. 2. vb. n. Sch.: 'to break, burst, flow out, dbii-ba, or Ibu-ba the bursting of a bubble'. oj. - Ida . . . Ld. frq. for kla . . ., gla . . ., " zla.. 289 Iddn-pa Idd-gu discourse, speech, conversation; ^ W.: *ldd-gu tdn-ce* to speak; *ldd- gu se-ce med* one cannot understand what is spoken or said; Idd-gu-can talkative Cs. Ida-man, Ld.-Glr. dha-mdn, a couple Of small kettle-drums, one hanging in front, the other behind, the latter being beaten by a second person that follows the bearer. ryaj- Ida-ldi a kind of ornament of silk or ^ cotton, a fringe or tassel, ddr-gyi, rin- po-cei, esp. worn in sacrificing, Lex. Iddg-pa, pf. bldays, fut. bldag, imp. Idog, to lick, /crag blood ; Had Iddg- pa the brain being licked up, a punish- ment of hell TJigy.; nd-bza-la, or -nas to lick a person's coat Mil.; *ldag-ldog* W. = pe-srul, lit. 'a lick', i.e. a pap prepared ofrtsdm-pa and can, licked from the fingers, or eaten with a spoon. nj^- Idan 1. v. Iddn-ba. 2. iorydan stand, "" frame, trestle. 3. W. *ldan-lddn-la kur* carry it lengthways! opp. to pred\ *ldan-lddn-la dad - ce* to rock with one's chair. Iddn-mgo the yarn-beam of a loom Sch. Gyatch. 3\SC; if the text is cor- rect, it would seem preferable to connect ri-dags with Iddii-sgo-ska, and to render it: 'the animal Sarabha', a fabulous eight- footed creature of the snowy mountains. Iddn-ba, pf. Idans or lans, imp. Idon, 1. vb. n. to sldn-ba, to rise, to get up (cf. the more frq. secondary form Idn- ba), O gyel-ba-las from a fall Wdn.; nydl- las from a lying position Lex.; stdn-las from a seat; fo-rdns in the morning Lt. ; no-mi-ses-pa-la before, or in presence of a stranger; also used of the bristling of the hair, Lt., of the rising of vapours, per- fumes, dust, of a wind springing up; to extend, to spread, dri nan -pa pyogs bcur Idaii an offensive smell is spreading in every quarter Tar.; Q Krugs-pa dbus-nas the rebellion (spread) from the province of U, Ma.; to break out, me-ro Idan, the smoth- ered flame breaks out again; in a special sense of morbid matter that has accumu- lated (ysog-pa) Med. frq., e.g. Ua-zds zu- nas Idan during digestion the symptoms break out anew; dgrd-ru Iddn-ba to show one's self an enemy, to break out into hosti- lities frq.; to arise, originate, break out, of dis- ease, despair, MY.; also for: to have risen, to Stand, but only in certain combinations, Idan dub byed-pa tired from having been standing (so long) Lt. 2. W. to suffice, to be sufficient, enough (cf. lon-ba) = Jiyed- pa, of food, clothes, money; hence Idan: complete, perfect, entire, whole, *ras ndn-$a rag-ma gos Idan cig* cotton cloth with lining (sufficient) for a whole dress; *du-gu gos Idan nyis* woolen yarn for two complete dresses. Idan prob. signifies also quite through, cf. Itan II.; Idan-fsdd occurs in medical works, and in many cases seems to imply quantity; neu - Idan Lex. = na- mnydm of the same age (Sch. not corr.). lddd-pa \. vb. pf. and fut. bldad, imp. Idod, to chew Zam., W.; skyug- Iddd Cs., v. skyug bldeg-cin ldad-pa(?) Sch. to chew the cud, to ruminate; log Cs. i. id., 2. rumination, deliberate reflection; Pur.: *spd Idad-cas* to taste, to try; Ld.: *di Idad-ce* to smell at. 2. Ld. for glad-pa Iddn-pa I. sbst., also mddn-pa Lex., cheek, Iddn(-pai) so cheek-tooth, molar tooth; Idan-lcdg Cs. a blow on the cheek, a box on the ear; *den-tsog* C. id. ; *mi dhe - la den - tsog gyag (or gyaV) son, mi dhe de'n-tsog-ghl mdn-po dun son* his ears have been soundly boxed; metaph. grog - Idan the cheek or side of a ravine Mil nt. II. vb. and adj. 1. originally: to be near to, hard by, a thing, (j uxta )> hence W. *lddn-la, lddn-du*, adv. and postp., near to, by, *ne lddn-la dug* sit down by my side; *sin-gi Iddn-du* close by the tree; *nai Iddn-du sog* come near to me! * gam -mi Iddn-du* near the box; *fser- mdii-ni lddn-la dul-ce* to go along the side of a hedge. 2. in B. and C. only 19 290 " Idir-ldir used with reference to possession (penes), mostly as partic. or adj., and construed like beds-pa, having, being possessed of, provided with, = can (which in W. is almost ex- clusively used in this sense). The objects may be things of any description, also physical and mental properties, so that Iddn-pa differs in this respect from beds- pa (Tar. 136, 14. 15); nor dan Iddn-pa rich, wealthy; sems-can dan Iddn-pa with child ; bu dan bu - mor - Iddn - pa having children; rig -pa dan Iddn-pa wise; with a negative: nor dan mi Iddn-pa; dan Idan-par O gyur-ba to get, to obtain, frq.; Iddn-du len-pa Glr. 101, 1 is stated to mean the same. Poetically, and forming part of certain expressions and names, without dan and pa, like can: nor-lddn, dga-Udn, O byor-lddn. 3. Iddn-pa and Idan dan O dus-pa seem to imply: mixed, compound (opp. to rkydn-ya) with regard to temper and disposition of mind S. g. - 4. to add up, sum up, Wdk. 5. W. *gun-ka fsug-pa Idan yin* it will be enough, it will hold out, till winter- time, prob. only a corruption of Iddn-ba. 6. Par. = O griff, regularly, properly, duly, rightly. lddn(-pa)-po one that has, that is able, a man of ability Cs. Iddn-ma n. of a country Ma. Idan-fsdd equivalent to O dus-fsdd Mng. 35 (?). Idab - Idib (skad) Lex. silly talk, tittle-tattle. Idab-ldob Lex. w.e., Cs. indolence, dullness, drowsiness; ace. to others, a hasty, volatile manner. rj- lddb-pa, pf. bldabs, fut bldab, imp. Idob, 1. Cs. to do again, to repeat; tkydr-Mdb Lex., Sch.: repeatedly, anew, afresh, again; nyis-lddb Lex., Sch.: for the second time, doubly, twice; *cu-(l)dab de san cen-mo yod* W. it is ten times as large as that, yet cf. ltdb-pa; *lddb-ste zer-na* W. saying it once more, again, in short, - 2. ? Ld.: *ldab zum-fe Kyer* take a firm hold of him (or it) with your hand, and carry him (or it) away! ajxrojrr Idam-lddm Cs., Idam-pa, very idle, slothful. r Idam - Idiim Cs.: 'mean, pitiful, sorry, idle'. Mam-Idem Ld. dubious, uncertain, used of things. Iddr-ba Cs. to be weary, tired, faint, languid, Idar-lddr-du O gyur-ba. ' ldi - ri ~ ri (v. Idtr-ba) the rolling of thunder Thgr. 'q* ldig-pa to fall or sink through Sch. ldin-ba to be swimming, floating, cf. rkydl-ba, W.: *cdii-niKa-f6g-la pabs Idiii dug*, opp. to *fil-la ner or nub-* to be suspended, floating, soaring (in the air), yndm-la, ndm-mKa-la-, mK'd-ldin v. mica. Idiii-Ka v. Itin-Ka. bower formed by the branches of a tree, the leafy canopy of a dense wood Mil.', sin yyu-lo rgijds- pai Idin - Kan the wide shady porches of turkois-leaved trees. ^' ~ dp an officer over fifty, ace. to others, over a hundred men, = brgyd-dpon, a sergeant, captain, distinguished by a copper button on his cap, Hook;U, 160. 200.; Idin-^og Sch., Idm-fso, the troop under this officer's command. I*^f" Mw- 86 ! or Idin -si Ld., adv. quite, very, very much, *na Idin - se Hams zdn-po yod* I am quite well; *na Idin-se ma O fdd son* I was very much displeased, very vexed; perh. also *ldins fdg-pa-nas* for ytin, cf. lihs-pa, or perh. in Ld. Idin is the form for ytin. ^q-rj. Idib-pa 1. vb., pf. bldib, Sch. = ldig-pa. 2. adj. Cs.: not clear, not intelligible, *Ka-dib* W. stammering, stuttering; Idib-ldib = Idab-ldib. fo^- Idim W. the crash of a falling tree, the report of a gun, *ldim zer-ra rag* 1 hear a crack. Idir-ldir is said to be = *di-ri- ri* ('. 291 ldir-ba Idem-pa ;r-jn- ldir-ba 1. also Itir-ba, to be distended, Inflated, to belly; Ito-ldir a big belly; Ito-ldir-can big-bellied. 2. to rush, to roar, of the wind W.; to roll, of the thun- der, Jbrag Idir it thunders; Idir bzin like thunder; Idir-sgra a thundering, roaring noise; Idir-ce-ba thundering Thgr. Idu-gu = ydu-ba, ydu-gu. Idug ( s ) - pa , pf. Idugs (Lex.}, blugs (usual form), fut. blug, imp. blug(s\ col. blug-pa, to pour, snod-du; Idg-cu blugs pour some water on my hands, give me water for washing; to sprinkle, to strew, sand Glr. ; to cast, to found, metals. Cf. blugs and lugs. 91^'CJ* ldud-pa, pf., fut. and imp. blud, col. 5 ' blud-pa, to give to drink, to water, cattle etc., with accus of the drink given, dug blud-ciii mi Q ci he does not die by a poisoned draught, btun - ba blud he gives (him) to drink Thgr.', fug -pa legs -par blud - bin making (another) eat plenty of soup Lt, as one also says: fug-pa O fun- ba to eat soup. ojr r Idum 1. vegetables, greens, in general. 5 - 2. W. lettuce, salad; Idum-ndg, a kind of lettuce 6s.; Idum-bu 1. 6s. plant, stalked plant. '2. prob. for ldom-bu Mil; 3. C. vulgar pronunciation for sdo-h - po. - Idum-ra i. W. kitchen -garden; 2. fruit- garden, orchard, and 3. esp. flower-garden (better sdum-ra); Idum-ra-pa gardener Pth. Idum-po, Idum -Idum, 1. for dum-po Glr.; 2. Ld. for zlum-po, round; Mil. also Idum-la O gril- ba made round, rounded off. Idur - Idur Lex. ; Sch. : roaring , rushing. oj Me? Lexx. miii(-gi)-lde w. e.; Ide-Ka " Sch.: 'belonging together, of the same species'. i- Ide-gu, Ideu Med. 1. 6s. mix- 9 ture, syrup (?); 2. ointment Wdn. also O de-ba), pf. (brides, fut. bide, imp. Ides, to warm one's self, c. accus., me, at the fire; nyi-ma, in the sun (not me-la}. Ide-mig B. and C. (Ts. col. *J- mag* Bal. *le-mig, otherwise not in use in W.) 1. key, Ide-cdb Glr. prob. id. 2. introduction, preface 6s. jn Ideu 1. 6k also sdeu, a kind of pease, ^ Hind. -q%\ 2. v. Ue-gu. Sm-q. W^r-pa (pf. &&%?) to quake, shake, tremble, e. g. of the palace of the gods Dzl. Men-ka, Idin-ka, v. Iten-ka, a pond. eb 1. Sch. leaf, sheet, of paper; 2. Idebs 1. Ideb-pa 1. Cs. = Ideg - pa', 2. Sch. to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down. r Idebs 1. side, Lex. = O dabs, e.g. of a mountain Sch., the flat side of a sword or knife 6s.; rus-pai Jbur-poi Idebs by the side of, near, the protuberance of a bone. 2. compass, enclosure, fence Sch. - 3. C., W. a large cloth, in which a person is carried by several others, either by means of a pole, or by taking hold of the four corners. This mode of conveyance is called Dandi (vgu/) Hindi). 4. in the Wdn. it seems to have still another sig- nification. Idem 1. v. Idem -pa I. 2. statue, idolatrous image, idol, standing upfight, cf. Mem-pall., C. 3. suspension-bridge (?) Ld.-Glr. Schl. 17, a; v. Mem-pa III. ofcrq' ldem-ya I. sbst. 1. 6s.: 'contrariety, opposition, irony', which seems not to be quite inconsistent with the explanation given by Zam., dran-min, as being an intentional concealing of the true sentiment. - Uem(-po) riddle, enigma (cf. fsdd-bt/a); mi-Idem, byd-ldem, bem-ldem an enigma or allegory applied to men, to birds, to in- animate beings; Idem-poi nag, Idem-ytam parable, allegory; Idem-dgons Lex. = Ssk. TSrf^JfV, prob.: a concealed deceitful in- tention, Sch. : 'a mysterious opinion' ; Idem- r)od-pa Cs. to say a riddle or parable, *ldem tad-be* W. to propose a riddle, Idem fsod-pa Cs., 36d-pa Sch., to solve a riddle. - 2. W. a trap (C. *pur-nyi*), *l 19* 292 Ider mouse-trap, *wa-ldem* fox-trap, *tsug-ce* to put a trap. II. adj. 1. (Schr. Idem-po) straight, upright; tall, well-made, Mil, prob. also Wdn. 2. partic. of III., inconstant; un- stable, variable, perishable 6s. III. vb., also Idem - Idem - pa Sch. to move up and down, striking, trembling, vibrating; fsog-sgro Idem-pa the clapping of wings Mil-, Idem -Idem flexible, supple, elastic, pliant. pfc^. Ider, Ts. = Idebs I., styai Ider -la on the side of a wall, on a wall, e.g. to paint, to scrawl; rii Ider. lder-ba &.: '1. toughness, clamminess, 2. potter's clay'. Ider-fso Cs. \. clay, 2. an idol made of clay Mng. Ider-sku Glr. prob. = Ider-fso 2.; ace. to others: a picture on a wall. Idei'-bzo figures mod- elled of clay, plastic work, Ider-bzoi lha Zam. = Ider-tso 2.; Ider-bzoi-ldebs Lex. a clay-enclosure (?) ldei*-so Glr. 88, 1. 2., by the context also figure, image. Jf Ido side, Ld. for glo. ldog-pa, pf. and imp. log, vb. n. to zlog-pa, 1. to come back, to re- turn, to go home, to depart. 2. to come again, often with pyir, of diseases, = to relapse; in a specific religious sense v. O brds-bu bzi, frq.; dgrar to come forward again as an enemy, to renew the war (ni f.) Mil. 3. to change, to undergo a change), as to colour, smell etc. Med.', ^gyur-ldog, and Idog-^yur Mng. changeableness, in- constancy, fickleness. 4. to turn away (vb. n.) las from; bio ldog-pa id. Thgy.', no ldog-pa v. log-pa. The partic. as adj.: de-las Idog-pai (the thing) opposed to that, contrary to it, Wdn; go-ldog id. Lt.; mgo- Idog Lex.? Sch. has also Idog-pye-ba distinguished, different, from each other, and ldog-pa reciprocal, mutual, each separately. Cf. log-pa. ldon-ba 1. vb., pf. Idons, Ion, to become blind, to be blind; to be in- fatuated. 2. adj., also Id6ns-pa, mdons- pa, blind; infatuated. Cf. I6n-ba. sdig fr 'Sf Idoh - mo, resp. ysol-ldon, a small churn, used for preparing tea, -gur- giir, v sub ja. Cf *don-dus* Ld. a stave; Idott-nis ? Idoh-ros Cs.: n. of a yellow earth, bole, ochre, used for staining the walls of houses; Idon-ros-sa Lt. gjgrq- ld<'>n-pa to give or pay back, to re- turn, = klon-pa, glon-pa, esp. with Ian, to answer Dzl. ldob-pa to apprehend quickly; to be witty, to be quick in repartee Cs.; Idobs-skyen Lex., explained by ses-sla-ba understanding readily? - Idom-pa? rag-ldvm-pa is stated to be = rag-lus-pa Ld. ldom-bu, less frq. Idum-bu, often preceded by ro-snyoms alms, con- sisting of food; Mom-bu byed-pa to ask such alms; ldom-sa alms-house, house where beggars receive food; ldom-bu-ba a person living on alms, a beggar, Mil., Pth. sddn-ba, pf. sdaiis, I. to be angry, wrathful, mi dgd-zih sddn-ste grow- ing angry, flying into a passion Dzl. ; gen. c. la: to hate, to be inimically disposed, frq.; sddn-bai dgra opp. to bydms-pai ynyen; sddn-bar sems-pai dgrd-bo id. Wdn.', Icyim- mfses-kyi dgrd-sdan-ba, or dgrd-bdo-ba the neighbour's grudge; sddh^-bai) sems, sddn- blo, most frq. ze-sddn, hatred, enmity, hosti- lity, ill-will; (cf. dug) sddfi - ba fams-cdd jig-pa to subdue all hostile powers; snar sddn-ba the former, the old hatred Mil; sdan-mig Lex. an angry look, a scowl. II. for yddh-ba. sddn-bu v. yddh-bu. '^J' sddd-pa v. sdod-pa. sddm-pa v. sddm-pa. sddr-ma trembling, timorous, timid Dzl., Zam. sdi-ba, pf. bsdis, v. sdig-pa. sdig \ . thick (?) ysits-pa sdig Mitg. 2. foundation 6', rgydg-pa to lay a foundation. j&W|"J* sdiy-pa sduy-pa |ycn-r sdiy-pa I. also sdig-pa rwd-can, col. *rd-tse*, scorpion, also as sign of the zodiac; sdiy-pa dkur-po, ndg-po; sdig-ncd, the sting of a scorpion ; sdiy-duy the poison of a scorpion; sdiy-fsdh a scor- pion's nest; sdiy-snn crab, crawfish, used both as food and medicine Med., but not as designation for the respective sign of the zodiac, v. sub fcyim; sdiy-srin-JbuLt. id.? II. (tm) sm 5 moral evil as a power, sdiy-pa-la yid-ces-pa Dzl. %&%, 11 to be- lieve in sin as such ; O j6ms-pa to conquer sin, as something hostile to man Dom., and so meton. = sinners , adversaries ; sometimes perh. for sinfulness, sinful state, but gen. in a concrete sense: offence, tres- pass, in thought, word, or deed, Ka-na- ma-fo-bai sdiy-pa, or nyes-pa prob. a grievous sin Dzl. ; also with a genit., ryydl- poi sdiy-pa sbyoh-ba to wash away, to expiate, the king's sin; also O ddy-pa, sel- ba, W. *cdd-ce*; O bydn-ba id., but more in an intransitive or passive sense; so also O ceys-pa (y say-pa, bsays-pa) to confess, as ace. to Buddhist views, confession is al- most tantamount to expiation of sin, cf. also O yyod-pa and bzod-pa; there seems to be, however, no word strictly corres- ponding to our 'forgiving' of sin; sdiy- (pat)-las a sinful deed; sdiy-pa-la dyd-ba to love sin, to be wicked; sdiy-(pai} grogs a companion in vice, an associate in crime Dzl. ; sdiy-pa byed-pa, spyod-pa, to commit Sin, to Sin; sdig-pa mi byed-pai yul a country where no sins are committed, a pious country; sdig-byed, sdiy- spy 6d im- pious, wicked; a wicked person, sdig-pa- rnams byds-pa id. (more accurately: noM.a tf/iajrctyxoig) Stg.; sdiy - can id. (sdiy -pa- can seems not to be in use) ; sdiy - syrib the filth, the contamination of sin, sdiy- syrib fams-cdd sel-ba to cleanse from every defilement of sin Glr. (which the Ommani- padniehuin is sufficient to do); sdiy-po a sinner, a bad character, sdiy-po ce a vile sinner Glr., Mil.', r dig -to -can, HTMfa, = sdig-can, but only as epithet of Dud; sdig- blon a wicked officer Glr. 293 pa, pf. bsdiys, fut. bsdiy, imp. sdigs, and sdi-ba, pf. bsdis, ft. 6s ' sdud-fca string for drawing together the opening of a bag, drawing-hem. 2. Cs. synthesis, Jbyed-sdud analysis and synthesis. jr w T sdud-pa, pf. bsdus, fut. and likewise ^> ' for the pres. tense) bsdu, imp. sdus, bsdu, vb.a. to O du-ba, I. to collect, gather, lay up, amass, assemble, riches, tlowers, broken victuals, taxes, crops, earnings, men, cattle etc., frq.; to put together, to compile, min-rnams . . . nas bsdus the names have been put together out of . . . Glr.] to brush or sweep together, W. : *Kyim-sa ol-mo-ne (or dan)* the dust with a broom; dbdn- du to subject, subdue, frq. 2 to unite, join, combine, sin ysum mgo three pieces of wood at their upper ends Dzl.; six king- doms into one Dzl. (to join) actions, words, and thoughts in the path of virtue Dzl.; dmdg- rnams Kor-du (joining) the troops with his retinue Dzl. ; Kyo-sug-tu to unite in matri- mony, to give in marriage. 3. to condense, to comprise, all moral precepts in three main points, the letters of the alphabet in five classes Gram.; esp. with nyun-nur, sdum-pa zur-tsam, to contract, compress, abridge, frq., deyaii bsdu-na if one shortens it still more, if it is abridged a second time Gratti.: *dus-k'an* W. brief, concise, compendious; *du-yig* C. abbreviation, abridgment; bsdus- O grel an abridged commentary Tar. 177,7; to close, conclude, finish, terminate, mjug sdud-pa to close a train, opp. to sna O dren- paMg.\ sldr-bsdu-ba concluding a sentence or period with the finite verb in o, Gram. 4. bsdus-pa to consist of or in, c.instrum., e.g. yi-ge drug-gis of six letters Thgy. 5. to boil down, to inspissate Lt., bsdus-Ku, ydus-Ku, a preparation thus obtained Med. ; bsdus-fdn prob. id. Med. 6. scil. bsod- nams: bsdu-ba mam bzi the four ways of collecting merit Glr. 7. dbugs sdud-pa Med.? bsdu-ba sbst. collection, gathering Tar. 33, 16. bsdus-yzom or )om Schr. : a machine for executing criminals con- structed in such a manner, that the head is crushed by two stones striking together; Stg.: n. of one of the hells sdum-pa 1. vb. , pf. bsdums, fut. bsdum, imp. sdum(s), vb.a. to O diim- j(. to make agree, to bring to an agreement, mi-mfun-pa-rnams things not agreeing Sch., to reconcile, to conciliate, mi-mdzd- ba-rnams enemies Thgy.\ sdum-par byed- pa id. ; sdum-byed (resp. mdzad\ sdum{-pa)- po, sdum-mKan, conciliator, pacifier, peace- maker; res Jlntgs-pa res bsdum-pa mdn-du byun-no at one time they were at odds, at another they were at peace with one another Tar. 2. sbst. house, mansion C.; yzim-sdum (resp.) bed-room ; sdum-ra garden near the house, cf. Idum-ra. sdur-ba, pf. and fut. bsdur, to com- pare, go-sdur byed-pa id., v. go 2; nyams sdur byed-pa C. to compare different texts; *tam-dur* W. judicial examination, trial. sdur - len, sdur - blan, amber Ts., for sbur-len. ^' sde (Ssk. in compound words %n) part, ^ portion, of a whole, e.g. of a country, also yul-sde, province, district, territory, even village C'., bon-sde the places or villages of 295 the Bonpas Glr.; sde-cen-la snyeg-pa to aim at an extension of territory Dom. ; part of the human race: nation, people, tribe, clan, community, pd-rol-gyi sde J6ms-pa to conquer hostile nations; class, e.g. of letters: phonetical class; sde sder bgo-ba to divide into classes Cs. ; classes of books : mdo - sde the Sutras, v. sub mdo; rgyud- sde the Tantras, v. sub ryyud; sbyar-sde bzi the four volumes treating of pharmacy Glr.; of monks: community of monks, body of conventuals (consisting of not less than four persons); hence convent, monastery, sde btsugs he founded convents Glr. cos- sde id. ; class of religious followers, philo- sophical school, sde bzi the four (principal) schools Tar.; lha srin-gyi sde togyad, Ilia, klii-la sogs-yai sde brgyad the eight classes of spirits, frq.; it is also used for a great quantity, great many, lots of; and by im- proper use, or by way of abbreviation for sde-pa, sde-dpon, commander, ruler. Comp. and deriv. sde-skor Glr. district - sde-Krugs insurrection, general revolt of a people, byed - pa to excite one Ma. sde-snod ysum, f^fMA<*>, 'the three baskets', viz. the three classes of the sacred Bud- dhist writings, O dul-bai (discipline), mdo- sdei (Sutras), sndgs-kyi sde-snod (Mantras, i.e. metaphysics and mysticism), hence sde- snod-lasbydn-ba to study the sacred writings Mil. sde-pa 1. the chief or governor of a district 6'., = O gd-pa W., majordomo of the Dalai Lama, Kopp.il., 134; in a general sense: a man of quality, a nobleman Ma. 2. a letter of a certain phonetic class, or the phonetic class itself, sde-pa bzi -pa the fourth phonetic class, the labials Gram. So the word is also used for denoting a certain class or school of Buddhist philo- sophers, Tar., frq. sde-dpon = sde-pa 1, signifies also a class of demons Dom. sde-fsdn class, e.g. phonetic class, = scfe; a particular kind of writing, nd-ga-^n sde- fsdn Glr.', sde-yzdr Sch. lawlessness, anarchy, sde-yzdr cen-po general anarchy (V) - sde-yans (spelling?) court, court-yard, = fyams. sde - rigs dominion , territory, 296 sde-ba * sdod-pa Glr. sde-srid 1. province, kingdom 6s. 2. regent, administrator, in more recent times title of the sde-pa of the Dalai Lama, and the rulers of Bhotan. Kopp. II., 154. j'>n' sde-ba(?) W. *l'-ra de-ce med* there ^ is here no room any more. fq. sdeb (? debs) time, times, = Ian W., ^ e.g. four times. jq-rj- sdeb-pa, pf. bsdebs, fut. bsdeb, imp. sdebs, 1. to mingle, mix, blend (pyogs) ycig-tu together, Lex., cf. sbyir-ba. 2. to join, unite, combine, drds-su sdeb-pa Mil, by the context: sewed well together, - but drds-su? Gen. vb.n.: to join, to unite, dan with, also la, sems mig dan bsdebs- nas Ita, md-ba dan bsdebs -nas nyan Mil. the soul sees by joining the eye, it hears by joining the ear; to join company, to associate, to hold intercourse with, Mil. ; also to have sexual intercourse Pth., cf. O dre- ba, O grogs-pa, dzom-pa. 3. to prepare, dress, get ready (victuals) Sch., cf. sbyor- ba. 4. to exchange, barter, truck for, *bdg- pe dds-la* W. flour for rice; in this sense prob. also used by Mil; to change, money, *nul deb sal* please change me a rupee (not so in 6'.). 5. to make poetry, to compose verses, at the end of poems: zes- pa . . . kyis sdeb-pao the above verses have been composed by . . .; = sbyw-ba. : sdeb-sbyor 1. composition, esp. poetical, poetry, 2. yi-gei sdeb- sby&r orthography Schr., Cs., Sch. ' sder-ma, resp. ysol-sder, dish, platter, plate, saucer; sder-gdn a plateful, a dish (of meat etc.), esp. 6'. kv3n s^C-^ ) claw, talon, sder-kyu Sch. id. ; sder - mo rno a sharp claw; sder-can furnished with claws, sder- med without claws; sder- dzin byed-pa to seize with the claws 6's.; stag(-gi}-sder a tiger's claw Lt. ; sder-cdgs animals provided with claws Mil. sdo-fcdm Sch. belonging together, a pair(?). 3fq- sdo-ba, pf. (b)sdos, fut. bs do, imp. ^ sdos (also do-ba q. v.) 1 . to risk, hazard, venture, gen.c. dan, also c.dat. or accus., bddy-gi lus one's own body Dom. ; lus srog dan frq., lus dan srog-la Dzl 2. to bear up against, sdug-bsnal, nyon-mdns-pa dan, against heavy trials, against toil and drudgery Dzl. ; to bid defiance , to an enemy Dzl, also to behave with insolence, contemptuously Dzl. 3. lag-pas Dzl. ??,6(?). sdon-po (C. vulg. *dum-po* 1. trunk. stem, body of a tree Glr. 2. stalk, of a plant, pddmai of a lotus; sdon-po fcoii-ston a hollow stalk Wdn. ; sdon-poi sde the class of stalked plants 6s. 3. tree, also sin-sdot'i(-po) frq. ; sin-sdotl rkan-ycig a tree of a single stem Glr.; sin-sdon Kon-rul a tree rotten at the core; col. fig. barren, of females, prob. jestingly. 4. block, log. Comp. 6s. : sdar-sdott trunk of a walnut- tree, sug-sdon stem of a juniper-tree; fsil- sdcrii a tallow-candle; Ryags-sdoii an icicle. mcod-sdon (Sch. = mead - rten) , in a botanical work it was explained by 'wick', = sdon - rds, which seems to be more to the purpose, as a blossom is compared with it. sdon-rkdn v. sdon-^t'ds. sdon- dum stump of a tree, sddn-dum fsig-pa the burnt stump of a tree 6s. sddh-bu Cs. \. a small trunk. 2. stalk. 3. wick. sdon- rds, sdon-sm, sdon-rkdn C. a wick of cotton, of wood, of pith; cotton wicks are used esp. for sacred lamps. sdoii-ba, sdons-pa (Sch. also rdons-pd) pf. bsdons, fut. bsdon, to unite, to join (in undertakings), to enter into a confederacy, to associate one's self with, c. dan (also accus.?); Kyod dan na sdon-ste O gro you and I, we will go together; sdons-zla prob. = zla-grogs. r'r sddd-pa, pf. and fut. bsdad, resp. bzes-pa, W. *ddd-ce\ 1. to sit, frq., *sil-la dod* W. sit down in the shade! ddl- bar sdod-pa to sit still Lt. 2. to stay, to tarry, to abide, fog -mar der bsdad for the present I will stay here yet a little longer Mil ; nydl-nas bsdad- dug-pa to lie down and to continue lying Mil; *do-du jug-pa* to receive hospitably, *mi ^jug- pa* to deny reception, to send awayC.; to stop, to halt, in running, walking Dzl ; 297 to wait, re zig ma bsdd-par sdod-cig wait a little yet before beginning to kill Dzl.; skdd-cig kyan sdod-pai Ion med-par without waiting even for a moment Glr.; Ld.: *ltos- te ddd-ce* to wait and see whether etc. ; *sdm-te ddd-ce* to wait for, hope for, to look forward to, *gug-te ddd-ce* id.; mdo- sde O di O fso-zih sd6d-na as long as the au- thority of this book is acknowledged Dom.; *zag dan kyir-kyir dad dug* W. (this thing) always remains round (crooked), it will not get straight. 3. to be at home, *de' 3/0'* he is at home, *de > me 1 * he is not at home 6'.; to live, reside, settle at B. and col.; bka-sdod Lex., C.: i. attendant, waiting servant, 2. aid-de camp. jj- sdom 1. Lex. and C. spider. 2. sum- mary, contents, spit sdom J. table of contents, index S.g. 2. general introductory remarks, introduction, also sdom-fsig; sdom- la summarily, to be brief, in short. sdom-pa I. vb., pf. bsdams, bsdoms, fut. bsdam, bsdom, imp. sdom(s), W. *ddm-ce* 1. to bind, Icags-sgrog-gis to fetter Cs.; to bind or tie fast, to pinion; to bind up, to dress, wounds. 2. to fasten, to fix firmly, e.g. by a screw- vice; tiro-cits by melted metal, i.e. to solder; so, to press, grind, or strike the teeth together, to gnash, as in anger Pth.; to fasten securely, the door Dzl, Pth. ; rtsd-Ka to close an opened veinJl/erf.; hence in general, 3. to stanch, Stop, to cause to cease, rtsa-K.rdg sdr-ba the bloody flux Med.; to bind, constrain, render harmless, to neutralize, nyes-pa an evil Lex., Sch. 4 W. */ldb-sa dam dug* the shoe pinches. 5. to make morally firm, to con- firm, spyod-pa, one's conduct, to conform it strictly to the moral law. 6. with or without bdag-nyid, to bind one's self, to engage Cs. 7. to add together, to cast or sum up, rgyud bzi bsdoms-pas leu ?V^ all the four Gyud together have 154 chapters; yons-su bsdus-pa-la taking all together Tar. II. sbst.^^; obligation, engagement,duty, sdom-pa len-pa Glr., O dzin-pa Cs., to enter into an engagement, to bind one's self to perform a certain duty, mi-la O b6gs-j>a to bind a person by duty, by oath, to swear in Glr. (e.g. in convents, in the relations of priests and laymen) ; srun-ba to be true to one's duty, to keep one's engagements; O cor a duty is violated Glr.', t'td-la sdom-pa med I have renounced my vow Glr. sdom- pa ysum, ace. to Glr. and other more recent authors, are: so-far (v. so-so), byaii-sems, and ysan-sndgs-kyi sdom-pa. Comp. sdom - ltd >i(?) neck -bell, bell at- tached to the neck of cattle. sdom-byed 1 one that binds, by duty etc. 2. an astringent medicine Cs. sdom-yzer rivet of a pair of scissors or tongs Sch. sddm-bu Sch.: a ball; a round tassel. f^- |. sdor, rdor 1. (like oi/'ov) that ' which gives relish to food, sea- soning, condiment, esp. fug-sdor that which gives substance to soup, viz. meat; fsa-sddr salt and meat. 2. spice, sdor-gyi rkydl- pa spice-bag S.g.; sdor-fdl spice -powder Sch. qx- brda (^571) sign, i.e. 1. gesture, cdgs- ' pa O dod-pai brda man - du bstdn - nas making many wanton gestures (or giving hints, intimations v. 2), lag-brda signs with the hand, sans-rgyds la ysol-cig ces Idg-brda byas they beckoned to him to ask Buddha Dzl.; *mig-da tdn-ce* W. to give a hint with the eye, to wink. 2. indication, in- timation, symptom, token, mi-rtdg O gyur-bai brdao it is an indication of their frail con- dition Thgy.; symbol Pth., brdar as a symbol, symbolically ; de gan yin O dri-bai brda stdn- pa to ask for a thing by symbolic signs, in symbolic language Glr.; brda sprod-pa, Q prod-pa, sbyor-ba, O grol-ba to explain, de- scribe, represent, with accus., and prob. also with genit. : yin-lugs-kyi brda O grol-ba Mil. to explain the essence or nature of things (ni f.) ; meton. dei brda ci lags what may be the symbolical meaning of it Mil. - 3. word, Jb6d-pai brda interjection Lis.; O did-bai brda word out of the Dulwa Zam.; dris-pai brda-rnyih an obsolete word for "being asked', Lex.; brda - sgyur - pa Sch. interpreter, dragoman Sc/i.; bnli bld-ma is 298 brda stated to be a Lama who instructs by word of mouth Mil.; esp. with regard to the spell- ing of words: trrda yah mi O dra sna-tsogs gyur there came also into use various spell- ings Zam. ; brda - rnyin old orthography, brda-ysdr new orthography Zam. ; bod-kyi brdai bstan-bcos title of the Zamatog ; fsiy- brda = fsig, fsig-brda-yis O grol-ba to explain by words Mil. Comp. brdd-skad language by symbolical signs Mil.; prob. also nothing but the usual language by words Glr. brda-cdd (prob. for O cad, from O cdd-pa II.), me-loii-gi brda- cdd the language or evidence of the mirror; so prob. also Tar. 210, 22. brda-sprod, brda-sbyor \. explanation, min-dnn brda- sprod explanation of the import of names, title of a small Materia Medica by a cer- tain \Vairocana. '2 .orthography Gram., Pth. __,_,.. brda - Ion Mil. is said to be = fsig- lan, verbal answer. brda-lags 'insignis', ace. to Cs. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. V. 384. brdid-ba 1. Lea: w.e. ; Sch. to de- ceive, to cheat. 2. Sch. to swing, brandish, flourish, yydb-mo a fly-flap. brd 9-^s-pa to slip, to slide, to lose one's footing. bsddr-ba, Sch.: mdun-du bsddr-ba to hope, to expect or wait for a favour. In Dzl. 9%L-> 18 the better reading (accordant with the manuscript of Kyelang) is sdur ( sdu-bar"). bsdogs-pa-, the Lexx. add : grabs, Cs. to compose, prepare, make ready, nyer bsdogs-pa id.; sna-fdg bsdogs- pa to wind the rope, which is fastened in the nose of an ox or a camel, round the horns or the neck of the animal. 3^ na 1. the letter n. 2. num. figure: 12. y- na meadow, C. also nd-ma; nar skye it ' grows on meadows, Wdn. and elsewh. (cf. neu). r' na I. sbst. 1. year(?) v. nd-nin. 2. stage ' Of life, age, also na-fsod, and net-so, resp. sku-nd (also sku-nds T) ; na-fsod rgds - pas Wdn. old, of an advanced age ; nd-so yzon- te Glr. young; sku-nds pr a -mo Mil. of a tender age ; na-fsod-kyi dbye - ba the dif- ferent ages or stages of life; (sku-} ndr- son-pa (Sch. grown old ?) Glr. : of full age, adult, grown up; *nd-so-tsir-ld* W. accord- ing to age ; na - cun girl, maiden, virgin, na - cun bzdn - mo bcu ten beautiful girls Dzl. ; na-mnydm, - O drd, -zld, neu-lddh, Lex. of the same age, coetaneous; *nd-da-tom- mo* C. a festivity given by wealthy parents on their son's birthday to him and his play- mates, also *lo-da-tgm-mo*: na-prd young, tender; na-yzon = yzon - nu. II. postp. c. accus., signifying the place where a thing is, 1. added to substantives, in, (more ac- curately ndn-na c. genit.), sometimes also to be rendered by on, at, with, to etc. mdd- na in scripture, lo-rgyus-na in a book of history Glr.; de-na there, in that place; of time: dus-ycig-na at the same time, dei fse-na at tha f , time, then etc. 2. added to verbs, either to the inf., or- more frq. (col. always) to the verbal root: in, at, during (the doing or happening of a thing), hence a. when, at the time of, bos-na when I called Dzl., zer-ba-na when he said Tar.; bddg-gi pa fse pos-na when my father shall have died Dzl.; with nam: nam diis-la bdb- na ( W. *dus leb-na*) when the time conies, 299 na-bun frq. ; nam O gr6-na when I (you etc.) go, was going, shall go. b. If, in case, sup- posing that (fia'*)> tne different degrees of possibility, however, cannot be so precisely expressed by the mood in Tibetan, as in other languages; with or without a preced- ing gdl-te, ci-ste etc. (cf. the remarks sub gan II.) ; . . . ma mfon na . . . mi rtdgs-par dug if we had not seen . . ., we should not have known . . . Mil. ; but in most cases also the vb., to which it is subordinate, is put in the gerund: O di byds-na brdm-ze ma yin- pas as I should be no longer a Brahmin, if I were to do that Dzl. ; further : if even . . ., how much the more . . .! in asseverations: if . . ., then indeed may . . .! then I would that . . . ! it is well, that . . ., it will be well, if . . ., na legs-so frq.; if legs -so is ellipti- cally omitted, na answers to: that! would that! also: I will; in an interrogative sen- tence, viz. 'legs-sam' being omitted, to: must I? Shall I? Mil.: cos byds-na snyam (when we are with you) we think, we will be pious! jig-rten byds-na snyam (when we have come home) we think, let us take care of temporal things! ci drdg-na (better ci byds-na drag) what shall we consider the most advantageous? c. of a more general signification: as, since, whilst, by (with the partic. pres.), = te or pas Dzl. frq., dug zos-na yah even by eating poi- sonous things (he was not hurt) ^^, 3; na is used thus, however, only in con- junction with yan, and dug zos-na yah is the more popular phrase for dug zos kyan In careless speaking or writing na is also used for ce-na Thgy. frq. 3 pleon. added to the termination of the instr. of substan tives and verbs: rgyu des-na for that reason, therefore, cii rgyus-na for what reason, why, wherefore Sty.; de-bas-na hence, thus, so then, accordingly, very frq.; kur-bas-na because they carried Glr.; also added to the termination of the termin. : ji-ltar-na frq. ; ycig-tu-na, ynyis - su - na, in the first place, firstly etc. Dzl; sldd-du-na Dzl.; rgya-gdr skdd-du-na Thgy. 4. incorr. for nas, col. frq. ; its being used for the termin. is very questionable, and the rare instances of this use in books may be regarded as errors in writing (e.g. Dzl. '4&Q, 17 ndn- na son inst. ofnan-du), whereas the con- trary, du for na, occurs frq., and is to be considered as sanctioned. III. conj. and, Bal (?) - IV. v. nd-Ka, nd-ba nd-Ka, = span, greensward, turf. na-ga, Ssk. for klu. ' nci-ga-ri Sanskrit, Sanskrit-letters. a. na-gi Sch. 1. being ill(?). 2. the claws 1 of a sea-monster (?). na-ge-sar Lt. = Hindi, for *frai%- ^TT, Mesua ferrea. <3\'Q>EQ.* na ~'an a sickly person, an invalid Cs.; nd-ba-can sickly, na-ba-med healthy 6s.; na - fog after falling ill Sch. 2. of the separate parts of the body: to ache, rnd- ba (not -bai} nd-ba pain in the ear, ear- ache ; lus fams - cad na (my) whole body aches Dom.\ so nd-na having the tooth- ache; ndn-na na it aches, when pressed (with the fingers) S.g.; kldd-pa nd-ba-la (good) for the headache, for diseases of the brain; na- preit complication of diseases or fits Sch. ; na-(ba dan)zug(-riiu), na-fsd disease and pain _.__. na-bun fog, thick mist, fibs, Jcyims ^ ^ ' comes on ; byin - rlabs - kyi prob. a cloud, a flood, of blessing Mil 300 ndgs(-ma} nd-ma \.\.na I. 2. also nd-mo( praise, glory, adoration, na-mo gu-m praise to the teacher! ... nd-ma Ssk. = zes byd-ba SO called, frq. n^ in titles of books. nd-bza (*nd - za*, vulg. *ndb - za, ndm - za*} resp. for gos, garment, dress, frq.; ysol-ba to put it on. na-un obs. or vulg. for na-bun, old edition of Mil. na-rag, Ssk. fT*R5 bell. na-rdm medicinal herb, Med.; in Lh. Polygon, viviparum. W na-ri-ke-la Ssk. COCOa-nut. ^ <3TX' nd-re, by form and position an adv., like O di-skad-du; before words or sen- tences that are quoted literally, mostly fol- lowed by smrds-nas, zer - ba - la , but not always, in which latter case it stands for 'he says, he said' etc., the noun being always put in the nom. case, never in the instr.: O pags-pa na-re the Reverend said; rarely in accessory sentences: gdl-te yzdn-dag nd- re (not nd-re-na) si forte alii dixerint Wd/i. ; even without gdl-te in the same sense Thgy. It hardly occurs in old classical literature, nor in the col. language of W., but pretty frq. in later literature. In Kun., however, there exists a vb. nd - cas (*nd - cd*), pf. nas (*na*), imp. nos (*wo*) which is used for zer-ba (not in use there), and is con- strued with the instr. : a-pa-su nd son the father has said. r'jrt nd- \ nd-ro the sign for the vowel o, -^. -ro n. of a holy Lama Mil. ; nd-ro- , pa Tar. 1 8 1 , 1 id. ? nd-roi sems- dzm- gyi Icags-fdg a sort of puzzle. na ~landa Pth. na-kn-dra Wdk., n. of a monastery in Magadha. (T'pr na - H bowl, basin, an iron or china dish W. (T'^Vnqr na-le-sag Lt., sal S.g., = si-kru 1 Wdn. (fijlf ?) n. of an acrid me- dicine. gnr na 9 (blackness?) crime, offence, trans- gression, v. ndg-pa comp.; nag-ku-be- ra v. ku-be-ra. ndg-pa, gen. ndg-po, black, ber pyi ndg-pa nat't dkdr- ba a garment outside black, inside white Glr.; *ndg-po ma ku* do not blacken it, do not soil it! of the countenance dark, frowning, gloomy, mournful Glr.\ mi nag (-po or-pa) a black one, a layman, (on account of his not being clad in a red or yellow clerical garb) ; ndg-po n. p. Krishna Tar., ndg-po cen -po = *j^|ehH Siwa; nag -mo 1. a black woman, 2. Kali, Uma; ndg-moi- O bans or Kol Kalidasa, 3. woman, in ge- neral Sch. nag- yros, ndg-po O gro - ses 'easy to be understood' Sch.; ace. to our Lama from Tashilunpo ndg-po O gro- bser implies : illustrating a sentence by compar- ing it with similar passages; nay-can i.a person guilty of a crime Sch.] mi ndg-can dori-nas far -pa a criminal released from prison Mil. 2. a married man Sch. nag- cdgs black-cattle, horned cattle Sch.; v. also yndg-pa. ndg-cu n. of a river north of Lhasa, Hue II, 238; ndg-ai-Jca-pa people living on its banks, notorious for their thievish propensities. nag-cen, nag-nyes C. a heinous crime. nag-fum, nag-fom, Sch., nay-siii-ba Thgy., nag-hur-re Sch., coal- black, jet-black. nag -nog (-can) dirty, dingy; not clear, as bad print; fig. stained, polluted, with sin, guilt, sems. nay-pyogs v. pyogs. nag(-ma)-fsur a black mineral colour, Sch : green vitriol (?). nag-tsig a point, dot, W. nag-zug(?) darkness, nag- zug-la snom-bzin son, he groped about in the dark. ndg-sa Sch.: linden -tree, lime-tree (hardly to be found in Tibet; the word perhaps introduced from Mongol dic- tionaries). ndgs (~ ma Glr -) R > C -> W '' forest ' rtsi-sifi-nags-kyis mdzes beauti- fied by forests, richly wooded Glr.; O fug- po dense forest ; nays-tfrnd a thicket Glr. ; nags-can woody, covered with forests ; nays- Ijons woodland country, a well- wooded pro- vince ; nags-sbdl Lt. tree-frog (?) ; nags-fsdl = nags, nydm-iia-ba a dreadful forest Dzl. ; yid-du-^oh-ba a lovely wood Sambh. ; nags- (f)seb an intersected forest, v. (f)seb. 301 __. nan I. the space within a thing, 1. the interior, the inside, pug-pai nan kun the whole interior of the cavern Mil. ; yzoft- pai, don-gi nan the interior of a basin, of a pit (e.g. being filled up) Dzl.\ Kdn-pai nan pyag-ddr byed-pa to sweep the inside of a house Dzl. 2. space, room, apart- ment, chamber col. 3. dwelling, domicile, house, esp. C. 4. meton inmates, family, household, '''nan fsan* W. the whole family. 5. the interior (spiritually), heart, mind, soul, ye-ses ndn-na sar wisdom begins to shine in the mind; zen- dzin nan-nas O grol affection, interest, disappears from the heart Gfr, g. sometimes adv. for ndn-na. II. ndn-gi, genit., used 1. as an adj.: inner, inward, esoteric (opp. to pyii), ndn- gi h'rims, nan - Krims, a private law, an esoteric precept or doctrine not intended for the public; *ge-dun-gyl ndfi-fim dhan O gal fse* C. if priests violate their special moral duties, (very different from ndfi-pai k'rims the Buddhist law, merely opp. to Brahmanism); nan - gi sbyin -pa inward offerings, i.e. spiritual sacrifices, opp. to outward and material offerings; but Dzl. 2&, 4 it denotes personal sacrifices, the surrendering of parts of our own self, e.g. a member of the body, opp. to outward property; the meaning also reminds of Rom. 12,1, and I Pet. 2,5. ndn-gi byd-ba internal affairs Glr.; v. also the compounds. - 2. for ndn - na among, amidst, frq. c. accus. : bu ndn-gi fa cun, pug-ron ndh-gi cun-nu Dzl. the smallest among etc.; for de-dag-gi ndn-na of it, of them, among them etc. : ndn-gi cun-nu the least of them Dzl.; ndn-gi Ihd-mo snd-ma the foremost among the goddesses; sometimes more pleon., with- out distinct reference to a preceding noun, Dzl ?ZAS, 18; 7%&, 16 (where Sch. prob. translates incorr.). III. with la, na, du, nas; 1. as sbst., ace. to the significations given above, e.g. ndd-pai ndn-du ^jug-pa to go into the room of a sick person Wdn.; dei ndn-du ydan- drdns-te inviting into their house Mil. - 2. as adv. ndn-na in it, therein, within, among it or them; ndn-du and nah-la there- into, into it; ndn -nas out, thereout, from among; among it or them = ndn - na. 3. postp : in, into, among etc., e.g. rdzih- gi ndn-na Jcrus byed-pa Dzl. to bathe in a pond, cui ndn-du zugs-pa to go into the water; gron-k'yer dei nan dan pyi-rol-na in the town and out of it Dzl. ; *sem-mi ndn- na zer-pa* W. he said to himself; snai ndh- nas byun it came out of his nose (again) Dzl; mii ndn-na(s) bzdn-po zig one very beautiful among men Dzl; glin de-rnams- kyi ndn-na(s] mcog-tu gyur-pa the most important among or of these countries Glr. (here at least the sing, is as frq. als the plur.); in col. language the word is much used, though often inaccurately; so it is frq. employed, where the later literature has ndn-la, ndn-nas; *wdh-gi ndn-na* by force ; *so-mf > ndn-na zer gos* W. that should have been mentioned, when it was fresh (in remembrance); *lo ton-ni ndn-na fsd- pig ma fsar* not yet quite in a thousand years, i.e. it is not full a thousand years W. There is still to be noticed: nan nan-mo. nah-med-la col. frq. suddenly; in B. of rare occurrence ; nan-med norrnyed- pa to become rich unexpectedly S.g. Comp. and deriv. nah-tyog Sch.: having legs bending inward, bandy-legged. nan- skdr v. sk6r-ba extr. nan-Krims v. above. nan -fool, vulgo -rol, bowels, entrails, intestines; also any separate part of them; nah-Krol dro/i-ba spasmodic contractions of the bowels Sch.', nan-Krol-bzag seems in Lexx. to be taken synon. with mnyam- bzag. nan-gog v. fer. *nah-gyog* W. a large bolt, door -bar. ndn-ca = nan- tfrol. nan-cags-su in one's self, in one's own mind Sch. ndn-rjc minister of the interior, home - minister Sch. -- ndn-lta Glr 89, 11? nan-fab byed-pa to be in- volved in intestine war l*th., = nan- Kriigs. - nan -dag \. Sch. 'the interior being cleansed 1 . 2. col. (or nan-brtags?) v. snail. - ndn- don the intrinsic meaning, the true sense, ndh-don rtog-pa to investigate, to study, the real meaning; * ''nan-don tog-Ken^ 302 nan-mcod or gho - Ken* C., *ndn-don-can (or -yod- Karif W. most learned, very erudite; ace. to 6s. more particularly the mystical sense of religious writings, a higher degree of theology, as it were ; nan - don - gyi rab- Jbydms -pa a, Doctor of Divinity Cs. nan-ndn-gi, nan-nan -nas = nah-gi, nan- nas among. ndii-pa Buddhist, opp. to pyi-pa, Non-Buddhist, Brahmanist; ndn- pai Ita-ba, bstdn-pa, cos, ston-pa, cd-lugs, the theory etc. of the Buddhists. nan- po an intimate, a bosom-friend Sch. nan-mi members of a household, inmates (nif) Dom. ndn-mig room, apartment, C., W. *nan-ydns* W. wide, spacious, roomy. nan-rol nan-Krol ndn-sa lining, *ndn-sa tdn-wa* to cover on the inside, to line, *ndii-sa-cen* C. lined. - nan-sel dissension, discrepancy. nah-yses. reciprocal, mutual Wdn. frq. . nan-mcod a sort of potion (thin pap?) consisting of the 'ten im- purities', viz. five kinds of flesh (also human flesh), excrements, urine, blood, marrow, and 'byan-sems dkdr-po' (?), all mixed to- gether, transsubstantiated by charms, and changed into bdud-rtsi or nectar, a small quantity of which is tasted by the devo- tees, with the Lama at their head. This delicious drink is considered of great im- portance by the mystics, who seek to obtain spiritual gifts by witchcraft (cf. mdo extr.); hence every offering is sprinkled with this potion. xr'fvx^ (ndn-ltar) *ndh-tar* W., 61, *ndn- zin* C. col. for bzin-du, Itar, ac- cording to, in conformity with, like, as, c. genit. or accus., bka nan-tar, bkai nan-tar. e i r esp. for me fire W. (sndn- mef). nan - mo ( ma Pth.?) the morning; in the morning; nan -mo ycig bzin-du every morning Pth.\ nan re id.; nan re dgons re every morning and evening; da- ndn this morning; da-nan ni gdn-nas byon where do you come from to-day? Mil.; da-ndn-gi fso-ba this day's breakfast Mil. ; nan-nub in the morning and in the even- <3C'3T ing; nan -nub nyi-pyed ysum-la in the morning, in the evening, and at noon. nan-par 1. in the morning, nan-par snar early in the morning Dzl. 2. the morning, esp the following morning , ndii - par - kyt skdl-ba the allowance, the ration for the following morning Glr. nans W. (?) nan - cun yod that is a mere trifle, not worth while, cf. mnog. nans-par 6's., *ndn-la* W., the day after to-morrow, B. ynan. --- nad disease, distemper, malady, sickness, ' cf. nd-ba\ (the Tibetan science of me- dicine distinguishes 404 kinds of diseases); mi - nad pyugs - nad diseases among men and animals Glr. ; nad yso - ba to cure a disease, nad O fso-ba, nad sos-par, or zi- bar, or dan brdl-bar O gyur-ba to be cured of a disease, to get well, to recover; ndd- kyis O debs-pa, O febs-pa, to be attacked by a disease, to be taken ill B. ; C. more frq. : *ne'-kyi gydb-pa, zir-wa*, W.: *nd-la nad yon(s)*; ndd-kyi rgyu, and rkyen, v. rkyen 1 and 2. Comp. nad - rkydl Wdk. emblem of a deity (meaning not clear). nad -Kan hospital Cs. ndd -go seat of a disease Sch. ndd- can ill, sick (little used). ndd-pa\. a sick person, male or female. 2. adj. ill, sick, sems-can ndd-pa-dag 8. 0. = ndd-po and ndd-bu = nad 6s., *ndd- bu-can* W., weak in health, sickly, poorly. - nad-med healthy, hale, in health, (the usual word); nad-med-par gyiir-cig may you recover your health, may you remain in good health, all hail to you ! 6s. ndd- med-pa health, ndd-med-pa fob-pa, rnyed- pa to get well, to recover one's health; ndd-med-pa O gyiir-ba declining health Thgy. nad fsul the character of a disease S.g. wad-/z'seat, primary cause of a disease(?) Lt. nad-yyog one attending to sick persons, a nurse ; nad-yyog byed-pa W. *co- ce*, to nurse. - nan the act of pressing, urging; pressure, ' urgency, importunity, K6n-rnams-kyi nan ma fegs-par not being able to resist their importunity Mil. ; ndn-gyis with urgency, 303 ndn-te pressingly, e.g. zu-ba to request, to solicit Glr.\ ndn-gyis zar ^jug-pa to urge, to compel (a person) to eat Dzl.; ndn-gyis skor-ba to press, to crowd, round Dzl. ; ndn-gyis O gug-pa to make a person come near by calling to him Mil. ; nan - cdgs 1. sbst. certainty, surety, *da nan-cdg fob son* W. now I have certainty, now 1 know for sure; nan-cags O fems? Zam. 2. adv. certainly, surely W., C.; adj. !! Ion nan-cdg* W. certain news. nan-tan l.sbst. earnest desire, application, exertion Cs.; tyaii- cub- la nan-tan byed-pa to strive earnestly for perfection Dzl. ; ndn-tan-du byed-pa Thgy. ; in cos-kyi nan-tan ysuns Pth. 'kyi is perh. to be cancelled. 2. adv. C : certainly, po- sitively, *ne nen-ten lab -pa, ntn-cdg zer- pa* , I have told him so definitively, as my unalterable decision; W.: earnestly, ar- dently, accurately, *ndn-tan zib-ca Itos* look at it, examine it, accurately! *ndn- tan cos* do it well, most carefully! *ndn- tan srdg-ce* to burn entirely. nan-tar very , nan - tar bzan Lex. ; very much, all the more, altogether Mil ; nan-tur, of rare occurrence, = nan-tan. non-pa, fndn- pa are cog. to nan. XX-C' ndn-te 1. Ts. for nd-ba sick, ill. ' 2. W. *cu ndn-te kyoh*, for ran-te, O dren-te, conduct the water this way! dv3T(cfTT na n-zag W. late, recent, what has happened a few weeks or months ago. nabs put on (your clothes)! Sch., v. mndb-pa. ndbs-so one of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu-skdr \S. yyr nam I. sbst. 1. night, nam lans-te, or -was, when night departs, at day-break, frq.; nam-gdn Sch.: the last day of the lunar month on which there is no moon- shine at all; nam-gun midnight, ndm-gyi gun-fun-la in the hour of midnight Dom.; nam-stod the first half of the night, nam- smdd the second half of the night; ndm- gyi ca stod, smad, id. nam-pyed mid- night DzL, Glr.; nam-zoh(?) Sch. in the morning; nam-rin Sch. a long day(??) ndm-mKa nam-ldns day-break, nam-lans-kyi-bar- du Dzl. nam - srod darkness of night, nam-srod byiii son-bai fse as it was almost quite dark Mil., *nam - srod yol son - nas* 6'., nam-sros-nas Sch. id. 2. for nam- mfca q. v. II. adv. of time, also dus-ndm-zig, 1. when? frq., how long a time? seldom; rgyun- du nam O ci ca med sgom always keep in mind that you do not know when you will die Mil. ; dus - nam -zig- gi tse-nas since when? since what time? how long ago? Ml; relatively: nam ^ro-bai dus byed-pa to appoint the time, when one is going to start Dzl.', nam zig sgyu-lus )og-pai tse, when he shall lay aside his phantom-body Mil.', *nam fsug-pa Ko ma leb-na, de fuy*. . ., as long as he has not come, so long ... W. 2. ndm(-du') yan (col. *ndm-an, ndms-an*) with a negative, never, in sentences relating to the past, or the future, or containing a prohibition, cf. mi and ma, nam-yan mi zin-to it will never be finished Dzl. %&>, 9; snon nam yan ma fos (that) has never been heard of formerly; without a negative in B. rarely, col. frq.: always; nam zag bi'tan Mil.', *ndm-zag gyun-du* C. id. the space or region above us, heaven, sky, where the birds are flying, and the saints are soaring, where it light- ens and thunders etc.; the ether, as the fifth element S. g.; the principle of expan- sion and enlargement Wdn.; ndm-mKa dan mnydm-pa like unto the heavens, as to wide expanse, frq.; inaccurately also for an innumerable multitude, ndm-mJca dan mnydm - pai sems - can - mams Mil. ; ndm- mHai dbyins, ndm-mKa- Idiit (-mo} v. sub m/ca; ndm-mKai mtons celestial vault, fir- mament Glr., S. 0. ; nam - ml,'a - mdog the blue colour of the sky, azure; it is supposed to be produced by the southern side of mount Rirab, which consists entirely of azur-stone, Mil.; Kyim-gyi ndm-mKa-la in the air above the house, like bar-sndn-la, Tar. ^sS, 2 ; nam- pdns ycod-pa, also nam- 304 ndm-zla dpdns spyod-pa Mil, to cross the height of the heavens, to fly across the sky. - nam-gru v. rgyu-skar. jxr = (ndm-zla} pronounced *ndm-da, and rfl ndm-la*, Mil, Pth., col, season, ndm-zla dus bzi the four seasons; da nam- da st-;n sar now autumn has set in; *da nam-da dan-mo soft*', fig. ndm-da O das the (favourable) season has passed Mil. dm-so == ndbs-so. nar v. na I. and II., 2; also nd-Ra. j. ndr-ma adj., and ndr-mar adv., con- tinuous, without interruption Sch.', *ci-ma ndr-te fon or sor* C. torrents of tears gushed from his eyes, cf. fcrul; nclr- re Mil., more vulg. *ndr-ra-ra* in a long row or file, O grul-ba to walk XT'^T sT'XT^v ndr-mo, ndr-nar-po ob- J long Mil., U*L; Ka-nar- can having the shape of a rectangle; gru- nar-can rhombic, lozenge-shaped. Cf. (b)sndr- ba. SPj" nal n. of a precious stone Sch. -^..^j. ndl(-ma) Cs. incest, fornication; nal-grib pollution by it. nal-priig frq., *nal-le* Ts., bastard-child; ndl-bu Sch. a libidinous woman (??). ^PJ'S* na l-fyi Pth- n - f a poison-tree. y^r- nas I. sbst. 1. barley, in three varieties: mgyogs-nas (Ld. ydn-ma, or drug-cu- nas, Wdn. Krd-ma^) early barley, ripening in about 60 days; ser-mo late barley, the best sort; ce - nas a middling sort. 2. barley-corn, nas-tsam as much as a barley- corn Glr. - nds-can beer brewed of barley. nas-rjen v. rjen-pa. nas-pye barley- flour. *nas - zir* (spelling not certain) aim or sight on a gun W. II. postp., sign of the ablative case (almost like las') 1. added to sbst: from, bydn-pyogs-nas from the north, often joined with bzun-ste (Ld. *tdns-te*\ commencing from, extending from, with a following to, as far as; till, until, with respect so space and time; by, Idg-pa-nas O dzin-pa or Ju- ba to take a person by the hand, miii- nas rjod-pa, smo-ba to call by name, figs- pa re -re -nas (to count) by single drops, so -so -nas one by one, each by himself; through, du/t-nas bsdd-pas speaking through a trumpet Glr., syo-sdh-nas ltd-ba looking through the chink of a door Tar.; sgo- nas yton - ba to admit through the door Dzl.; *bi'-yan-ne pan* W, he flung it through the hole (cf. also rgy&d-pal.,%)] made, manufactured, built etc. of, pd-gu-nas of bricks; (made, worked, struck etc.) with, *ldg-pa-ne dun* W. struck with the hand; denoting distance: rgyan .- grays ycig-nas po-ta-la yod 6'., Potala lies within reach of the ear; O di-nas gdns-ri-la far from here on the snowy mountain Glr.', with respect to time: after, sag bdun-nas after seven days: de-nas after that, afterwards, then. 2. added to verbs, as gerundial particle, rarely to the inf., gen. (col. al- ways) to the verbal root, prop, after, since; also equivalent to te, when added to a pres. or pf. root (instances of which are to be met with almost on every page of Tibetan books) ; together with O dug or yod added to a pres. or pf. tense, col. frq., in B. rarely: ha Iceb dgos snydm-nas yod I think I must seek death Ptk.; fsos-nas yod it is boiled Pth.\ so-nam-gyi byd-ba- la zugs-nas yod-pa-la as they began to till the ground Glr. Col. also for na. |j- ni I. 1. particle, col. also *m'n*; Cs. ' justly remarks : 'an emphatical particle', serving to give force to that word or part of a sentence, which rhetorically is most important, esp. also (though not exclusively, Sch.) to separate the subject of a sentence from its predicate, thus adding to perspi- cuity : Kyod O dir ^.oris-pa ni nai mfus f ons- so thy coming hither has been effected by my (magic) power Dzl.; bdag ni brdm-ze yin myself am a Brahmin Dzl.; de ni tia yin that one am I; O di ni mi pod-do this I am not able to do Dzl.; fa-mdl-pa ni ma yin a vulgar person she is not Dzl.', des ni it is by this (that . . .); stobs ni as to strength (I . . .); gdl-te nus-na ni if he 305 ni-la nus-pa can ( well!); da ni, siiar ni, O di-las ni, snon-cad ni etc.; sin-m/can ni now, as to the carpenter, he ... Dzl. ; ddr-ba ni now, with respect to the propagation (of the doctrine). In a similar manner it is frq. used, where we begin a new paragraph, heading it with its principal contents. In col. language the word before ni is rendered still more emphatic by repeating it once more after ni: *zer ni zer dug* W. (it is true) they say so; *dl ni dl-te yod* it has been written, (to be sure); *jhe ni jhe* 6'., *co ni co dug* W. (certainly) they are working at it, (but . . .). In metrical com- positions, esp. in mnemonic verses, it is often added as a mere metrical expletive, without any meaning, esp. after dan. 2. Ts.: demonstrative pron., *ri ni-le ni fo-iva dug* this mountain is higher than that. II. num. figure: 42. Ircr ni-la (Hindi f^f blue) 1. 6s. indigo. 2. W. the blue pheasant of the South Himalaya, manal. fo'Qigi' ni - lam , U-lam (Hindi; Shaksp. : 'from the Portu- guese leilam') auction, public sale. J-p" niti 1. col. for ni. 2. for rnyin? v. na- nin, ze-niu. |-Wq- nim-ba, f^jsf, n. of a plant, Melia Azedarachta. nii - li Sch. : the great buzzard or mouse-hawk (?). 5 nu num. fig.: 72. y-q- nu-ba pf. and imp. nus, to SUCk 6s., NO nu(-ba)-po, mo, a suckling 6s., nu-kiig sucking-bag. r-j-f' nu-bo, resp. ycun-po, W. *no*, a man's 1 younger brother B. and 61 r'^nu-ma, Cs. also cdb-nu (resp.?), breast, >o as two correspondent parts of the body, 1. mammary gland, female breast, bosom S.g. 2. nipple, teat, also of males. 3. dug, nipple of a cow's udder; nu-Kyim, -ydan, -Jbui\ - O bor, Cs. id. nu-sa the thoracic muscle. nu-rtse, nu-sor Cs. the tip of the breasts, nipple. nu-zo mother's milk, mai nu-zo Dzl.\ nu-zo snun-par byed-pa to suckle, to give suck, Lt.', nu-zo skdm- na if she has no milk Lt. nu ~' nw ! W- *no-mo*^ the younger sister of a female, B. and col. 2. v. nu-ba. nuy-ste (pronounced *nug-te*} Ts., so,' thus. nud-pa to suckle, W. : *pi-pi nud ton* give to suck! (= snun-pa). yq- nub 1. the west, nub-(kyf) pyogs(-rol) 4> id.; niib-pyogs-su towards the west; nub-bydn north-west; nub-kyi of the west, western; v. also bde-ba-can. 2. evening, do-nub this evening, to-night. nub-pa 1. vb., to fall gradually, to sink, mfil-la to the bottom; to sink in, piis-mo nub-pa tsam knee-deep Dzl. frq.; to go down, to set, of the sun, moon, frq.; fig. to decay, decline, of religion; nub-par O gyur-ba id. ; nub-par byed-pa Sch. = vb. a. snub -pa. 2. sbst. an inhabitant of the West. <3W"f nu ^~ mo evening; in the evening, frq.; NO nubgrdn-gi happening every evening Sch. <3\5J* num, W. col. for mun. No ( T^- ( T^'^I :/ nur-nur-po denotes the form of NO NO the embryo in the second week: oval, oblong; mer-mer-po id. *r .. nur-ba (cf . brnur-ba, snur-ba'), 1 . to 4 change place or posture, to move a little, *rig-te nur* (v. sgrig-pa) W. move a little nearer together, stand or sit a little closer! nur-gyis O t 'en-pa to pull gradually, to give short pulls Glr. ; pa-bori O dam rdzis- pa bzin-du nur the rock yielded, i.e. received impressions, like foot-prints on soft clay, MH.: to step aside, to draw or fall back; to get out of its place, to be dislocated; *pi nur-la dul-ce, pi-log-la nur-ce* W. to move slowly back. 2. to crumble to pieces, Mil. of mountains during an unearthly storm, according to some Lamas, cf. snur-ba. 3. 6s.: to approach, to come near to(?), yet cf. snu)'-ba. nus P a ! ^ v ^- * be able, to have sufficient moral or physical power, 20 306 nog-pa also = pod- pa; )i (or frq. ci) nus-kyis to one's best ability; to be able to do or to perform, dkd-las gan yah mi nus he cannot perform any difficult task Thyy.; rgydl-po mi nus he cannot be a king; to venture, to dare, ^ro nus-pa one that dared to go. (In W. *fub-pa* is used almost exclusively instead of it.) 2. adj. able, nus-pa su ce - ba Ita let us see who is more able, more efficient, who can do more, Mil.; C. also active, diligent, assiduous. 3. sbst. power, ability, faculty, capability, c. genit : nai nus -pa -la brten-nas by my power, through my agency (you shall obtain it) Mil.; rtsig-pai nus-pa yod- dam med whether there will be a capability of building . . . Gil'.; *de cos-la nus-pa med* W. this re- ligion has no power; nus-pa bsig-pa fams- cdd all the destructive powers; bycd-nus- pa, sf on -nus -pa the capability of doing, of showing That/.; rnam-smin-nus-pa the power of retributive justice (Nemesis, as it were) Mil. ; efficiency, efficacy, virtue (of a remedy), smdn-nus ^joms they hinder the efficacy of the medicines Med. ; nus-pa smin the efficacy becomes complete Mil.; in a more particular sense : the effect of a medicine in the stomach (opp. to its taste etc.) ; there are eight different effects: lei, snum, bsil, rtul, yan, rtsub, fsa, mo S.g.; nus-pa ynyis dan Idan they have both qualities S.g.; mis-stdbs = nus-pa Sch. II. pf. of nu-ba. -s^ 5T ne num. figure: 102. ne-fa'Hi neu-fdii, meadow, grass-plot, green-sward, B., a, w. ne-ne-mo aunt, the father's sister, or wife of the mother's brother. ne-ma meadow, green-sward, C., W. ne-tso parrot. sfc'afc* -re, ner ner (v. ner - ba), W. sediment, settlings, dregs. 5'(5j- ne-U Sch. : 'mouse-hawk', a species of large hawk or vulture, differing from go-bo, frequently to be met with in Kullu, but not in Ladak. ne-weSch. mason's trowel, nc-we rgyag- pa to plaster, to roughcast. ne-bsiii = neu- nen-pa W. col. for len-pa, to take, lay hold of, seize; to take out, off, away; to hold. nem-nem denotes a nodding, waving, or rocking motion, Mil ; cf. nems and nem-bu doubt, error Sch. nems; Stg. describes an elastic floor in the following manner: rkdn-pa bzcig-na ni nems ses byed-de, rkdh-pa btegs- na ni spar zes byed: hence nems, it sinks a little, gives way. j-Q-ntr-' neu-lddn Lex. = na-mnydm one of the same age, coetaneous, contem- porary; Sch. : neu-lddn friend, and neu-ldd/is protector, defender. 3\Q*(1T neu ~M, Hindi %^<5fT, Ssk. ^^jwf. ich- neumon, Herpestes PharaonTs, Lis. ; represented in B. as a fabulous animal, cat-like and vomiting jewels. neu-(y)sin 1. C. = ne-fan. 2. grass-plots on high mountains, alpine pastures (C. span). ner-ba to sink, to fall gradually, mfil- la to the bottom, nub-pa. ner-ncr ne-re W. no 1. W. for nu-bo. 2. num. fig. : 132. no-no Ld. title of young noblemen, no-no cen-mo the eldest of a noble- man's sons, bar-pa the second, cun-se the youngest; Sp. title of the highest magistrate of the country. no-mo (Bal. no-no) W. for nu-mo. nog Sch.: cervical vertebra; hump of a camel. n 9-P, P^o. prov. for ndg-po; nog -nog very dark, deep-black. <3C*^* non-ba noii-ba, pf. nons, to commit a fault, to make a mistake, to commit one's self, ci noiis what have I done amiss ? Mag ma ndns-par O di-ltar ynod-pa bgyis I have thus been injured without my fault Dzl.; no/ts-pa fault, crime, nons(-pa) mi byed-pa not to commit a fault or crime DzL; bzod- pa to pardon, to forgive, v. bzod-pa; nons- pa bzod-par ysol-ba to ask pardon for a fault committed (in C. even: *noh-pa sol- ^6a*); nons-pa-can culpable, liable to punish- ment; *noh-can-ni (s)pe-ra* W. a reprehen- sible speech. nons-pa resp. no more alive, dead Dzl., rje-btsiin sku ma ndns-par pebs-pa that your Reverence has arrived safe and sound Mil. n< >d-pa, mnod-pa, pf. and imp. mnos, to receive in- struction, directions, favours, from a superior, esp. priest, Dzl., Glr. ; but also to receive punishment. *]* n o n -p a ! a ls ^'non-pa, pf. ynan, mnan, 1. to press, ' ;f mdn-po ma non* do not press too hard! *ndn-te pe-ce* W. to open a thing by pressing ; with or without rkdn-pas to tread under foot, to crush; to pour over, to cover with, sas, bye-mas, with earth, with sand; to be drenched, car-pas by a shower of rain DzL; to lay over, to overlay with Tar. 9, 11, 21 ; more frq. fig. to oppress, suppress, overcome, conquer, humble, keep under, mfo-ba Krims-kyis the great people by laws Glr. ; enemies frq.; evil spirits by magic, e.g. sri yndn-pa by burying heads of animals in the ground, in order that the evil spirits may remain shut up there; bgegs non -pa to keep the spirits away from the fields during harvest by hatchets etc. stuck in the ground; po. Kd-bai ydoii sri mnan I have crushed, sub- dued, the face of the snow (i.e. its sur- face) that was adverse to me Mil.; sa yndn- du the sitting posture of a saint, when his left hand rests in his lap, and his right hand hangs down, keeping down, as it were, the earth and her powers ; cf. mnyam- bzdg. Frq. also: mya-fidn-gyis, snyiit- 307 rjes etc. to be overcome by misery, by com- passion. 2. to overtake, to catch, to reach, bdds-pas in the pursuit Mil. and W. - 3. sgo-na to brood, to hatch, eggs, Sch. II. W. lo tsam-non, for Ion, how old is he? Sjrn* nom-pa, pf. noms, 1. Cs. to be satis- fied, contented (nom-pa?) 2. to seize, to lay hold of (snom-pa); Sch.: noms- nyug byed-pa. & nor I. (Ssk. \pf, also ^) 1. wealth, property, possessions, nor(-la) ' god-pa Mil. to suffer a loss of property; * nor god- da* or *pog-ga* W. have you suffered damage or loss? *nor nyams co-pa* C., *Un-ce* W., to examine the inventory, the amount of property ; pdgs - pai nor Mun Mil. the seven (spiritual) possessions of a saint, v. Trig. 17; proverb: *rdii-nor-la man mi-nor-la dhug (sc. tar to)* C. look upon your own property as a medicine, upon that of others as a poison; thing, substance, much the same as rdzas, Zam. (nif.). 2. more or less exclusively: money, nor - la ltd - ba to care for money , to be avaricious, easily bribed etc.; nor skyi-ba toborrow money, norbsri-ba to save money, to scrape together; nor sog-joy-pa to ac- cumulate riches. 3. Sch. : cattle, even in such phrases as : nor Kria-pa the pairing of cattle. Sch., nor-dpon Desg. chief neat- herd (provincialism of C.?). 4. heritage, inheritance, bko-ba to divide (it among the heirs) ; pa - nor heritage from the father, md-nor heritage from the mother. b symb. num.: 8 (cf. nor-lha). Comp. nor-skal inheritance, hereditary portion; nor-skal-rnams funds, capital A/V/. nor-rgyun imperishable riches Cs. ; no-r- rgyun-ma a goddess, nor - can wealthy, opulent, rich Cs. nor-bdag 1. a man of wealth. 2. an heir. 3. a money-changer, usurer, Hind. ?Tf T'Jl^- ndr-bdag-mo fern, of it; also n. of a goddess ; nor-bdag-bu heir. nor- dus Pur. the gathering of taxes. nor- bmab-can covetous, greedy of money. nor-pyugs amount, or stock of cattle, nor- J)ru store of corn. noi'-bu v. that article 308 nor-ba 'q* yndn-ba nor- dzin po. the earth. nw-rdzds = nor I., 1 . B. and col. nor-lha ku-be- ra, god of riches; there are eight such gods. II. v. sub nor-ba. 2^-q- nor-ba to err, to make a mistake, to commit a fault, gas O pul nor-ro it is wrong (to write it) with the prefix y Gram." nor son it is a mistake, I (thou, he etc.) am wrong; Jca, lag -pa, lam nor son, it was a slip of the tongue, I got hold of the wrong thing, I lost my way; to stray, de-las O di-ru from one thing to another Thgy.', mi-nor-ba, ma-nor-ba, nor- ba-med-pa infallible, not liable to fail, e.g. of a charm; where one cannot miss or go wrong, lam; mi-nor-bar, strictly according to prescription or direction. nor - ba, nor -pa Cs. 1. a wanderer, from the right way. 2. an error, a mistake. nor-Jcrul id., f'rq.; nor-ra-re Sch.: he might possibly he mistaken. n or-bu (*rfT!r) 1 jewel, gem, precious stone , nor -bu- can adorned with jewels, set with precious stones; nor-bu-pa, nor-bu-mKan Cs. a jeweler, a connoisseur of gems ; nor -bu- O preh - ba a rosary or chaplet composed of precious stones; also as title of a book; nor-bu rin-po-ce, f^-- nTTfltW, a vei 7 costl J jewel; also jewel, par excellence, a fabulous precious stone, the possession of which procures inex- haustible riches; ace. to Wdk. 488, it has the shape of an oval fruit of the size of a large lemon. 2. a noun personal, or family name, much in use. 3. gen. pro- nounced *ndr-ru, nw-ro*, good, excellent, noble, e.g. mi, Bal., Pur. nor- so, nor-so-can, Wdri. 173, 11; 182,4? * nol-ba to agree, to come to terms Cs. |" nos-pa v. nod-pa. nya-gro-dha SsL, Ficus indica, = byan-cub-sifi. y na y-p a , a secondary form of nc'ig- pa, of rare occurrence, 1. black; ynag-sbdgs SOOty Sch.', ynag-pyitgs black cattle, esp. the yak; ynag rta lug ysum cattle, horses, and sheep, these three ; ynag- kyu a herd of cattle; ynag-rdzi a keeper of cattle, cow-herd ; ynag-lhds an enclosure for cattle. 2. fig. black-hearted, wicked. impious. 3. (looking black upon) frowning; Glr. fol. 96 : sems sin-tu yndg-par byun (not- withstanding their friendly appearance) they had a spite against each other in their hearts. 4. sbst. misfortune, grief, affliction, pain, yndg-pa dan Iddn-pa unfortunate, un- happy Stg.; '^ nag-can* W. cruel, tormenting; *nag stdn-pa* Ld. to torture, to torment. - 5. Sch.: (well) considered, (carefully) weighed in the mind; v. however brndg-pa. yndh-ba I. vb., pf. ynau(s), imp. ynon, B., C. (in W. stsdl-ba is gen. used for yndii-ba) 1. to give, resp., i.e. only used when a person of higher rank gives or is asked to give; cf. Jbid-ba; *ddg-la c -> ( in w - sa(-Kydd), sa-cd) dben-pai ynas sig a lonely place; mfo-bai ynas a raised place, an elevation Dzl.; ynds-na Q dug-pa, ynds- su sdod-pa the being somewhere, ynds-su c gro-ba the going somewhere, ynds-nas skrod-pa the expelling from a place Gram. - 2 place of residence, abode, dwelling- place, (in W. not in use) ?nas Jbebspa Sch., O cd-ba Ma., O de'bs-pa, to establish one's self at a place, to settle, ynas ytori-ba, som-pa, to quarter, lodge, take in, a person Stg., ynas med-par O gyiir-ba to become homeless; a house, family, or race no longer existing, extinct, Dzl.; ynds-su son-no they returned to their place, their home Dzl. ; ynas dan skyabs med-par O gyur-ba to be at one's wit's end, not knowing what to do Schr. 3. a holy place, place of pilgrimage ; her- mitage, monastery; *nds)al-pa, nds-kor-pa* W. a pilgrim; *dor-)e-lin-gi n?* the her- mitage, or Buddhist parsonage in Darjee- ling; ace. to Sch. also Lama, cf. mcod-ynas. 4. a clerical dignity or degree, ynas sbyin- pa to confer such Sch. 5. (cf. the Latin locus) object, like yul, but not so frq., gdd- moi ynas an object of laughter; no-fsai ynas words, actions, which ought to be an object of shame Schr.: point, head, item Was. (225) ; sphere, province, fig. S.y. ; rig- pai ynas l/ta the five classes of science. ynas O ayur-ba Sch. : to appear embodied (?) ; ynds-su O gyitr -ba and byed-pa S.O. and elsewh. ? y na8 -pa, (imp- prob. only in the periphrastical form ynds-par byos) 1. to be, live, lodge, dwell, stay, of persons, animals and things, mndl-na ynds-pai Kyeu the babes in their mother's womb Dom. 2. to remain, hold to or on, adhere to, e.g. / a doctrine, opinion, way of acting etc., dge- ba bcii-la ynds-pa to persevere in the ten virtues; bydms - pai sems - la ynds - pa to remain, to continue in love; in a general sense: cos-la ynds-pa 'one abiding in re- ligion', a clerical person Dzl. &(, 13; to exist permanently, opp. to the moment of first taking existence Was. (278). 3. to hesitate (?). rdb-tu ynds-pa v. rdb-tu. Comp. and deriv. (also of ynas): ynds- skabs \ . state, condition, or perh. more ac- curately period, tm'idl-gyi ynds-skabs Itdr- Itar-po Lex. 2. temporal life, ynas-skabs-kyi bde-ba temporal happiness (opp. to mfdr- fug-gi snyi/i-po, or don, O brds-bu, Schr., the essence or result of perfection, here, there- fore, = eternal felicity); ynds-skabs- fse-yi bar-ycod mi O byun-zin if my temporal life be not endangered. ynds -Kan dwelling. dwelling-house or room Dzl.; ynds- Kan-la soys -pa a furnished house or room Dzl. - ynas-cen a great resort of pilgrimage, a great sanctuary Tar. ynas brtdn (loco firmus, stabilis, lit. translation of ^frf%^ 1. firm, 2. old) an elder, senior, n. of the (16) highest disciples of Buddha: afterwards, when various schools had been formed, n. of the orthodox Buddhists, Bum. I, 288; Kopp. I, 383; Was. (38). (C's. seems to have confounded brtan with brten,v?]ien he trans- lates: subaltern, vicar). ynds - po host, landlord, master of a house, head of a fa- mily C., ynds-mo fern. Glr. ynas-mdl Lex., 9|"^'mT, sleeping - place, night - quarters, couch Schr.; Cs. dwelling-place (?) ynas- med v. ynas 2. ynas ytsdii-mai ris n. p., name of an abode of the gods. ynas- f* 'n't dwelling, quarters, lodgings, mi-la ynas- fsdn yydr-ba to ask for a lodging; to be ynon lodged, to be received into another's house Tar.', *ne-fsan JUH* C. you will be lodged here, you may stay here (over night), W. *f]dii-sa* ynas-fsid 1. the state in which one is, good or bad, condition of life, sems- kyi the state of one's soul or heart. 2. an account, of one's state of mind. 3. story, tale, narration; event, col. 4. in philosophy: the reality of being (opp. to non-existence) Was. ("297). ynas-yzi \.- ynas 3, Tar. frq. 2. the locative, that case which relates to beiug in or at a place Gram. ynds-lugs 1. position, disposition, arrangement, lus-kyi arrangement of the parts of the body, the science of anatomy Med. 2. in mystical works : ynds-lugs rtogs-pa the knowledge of the essence of things, the knowledge ot all things, or in a Buddhist sense, of the non- existence of all things, Tar. and elsewh. ynas-bsdd l. topography and geography col. 2. narration of legendary tales con- nected with some holy place. ynds-sa (v. ynds-pa) the permanent residence of a person, or the constant place of a thing, opp. to *bor-sa* W. temporary place or re- sidence; place, room, in general, *ne-saydn- pa dug* W. there is much room here. ynas-bsrun 1. W. ('locum tenens') earnest, earnest-money, pledge, security; it might also be used for ticket, ticket of admission etc. 2. Sch.: guardian, or warden of a monastery. mgr' ynon-\. v. ynan-ba. 2. conscious- ness of guilt, ynoh Ian (his) conscience smites (him) Mil.; O gyod-bin ynon bkur-bai sems repentance and a sense of guilt Dzl. yn6n-ba 1. to be conscious of one's guilt, to feel remorse, to be stung in one's conscience, ynoh-zin O gyod-pai sgo- nas from a consciousness of guilt Pth., ynofi- O gyod drdg-pos id. Pth.; * non-no Idh-na tim-co de* C. where there is repentance, it is easy to pass judgment. 2. to be seized with anguish, as the effect of poison- ing. ynod-pa 1. vb. (cf. sndd-pa) to hurt, harm, injure, damage, rkdn -pa - la f nod-par O gyiir-gyi dogs-pas in order not to hurt one's foot Dzl. ; ynod - par O gyiir-bai 311 dgra a dangerous enemy Dzl.- *na-la nod yin* W. (he or it) will hurt me. More frq. : 2. sbst. damage, harm, injury, bijcd-pa, skyel-ba, Glr., Mil, *kydl-ce* W. to do harm, to inflict injury, to hurt, with la-, yn&l-prr med-par, ma O gyur-nas without any harm, without injury Sch,; ynod-byed-nyes-pa v. nyes-pa I. klui ynod-pa damage done by Nagas. ynod-sbyin, ^j, a class of demons. ynnn-pa v. non-pa. ^TR^" ynob v. mndb-pa. mndg-pa Sch. = yndg-pa 5. mnaa - mna dSch.: falsehood, ca- lumny; W. *nad-ndd co-fcan* one doing damage maliciously. J" mndn-pa v. non-pa. resp. for g yon- pa, to put on, nd-bza Lex. the garment; v. also nabs. . mnab-rtsdl Cs. mean, worthless; Lex. and Sch. : nourishment, food, mnab-rtsdl-gyi bu(-fsa) Cs.: the child of an indigent person, Sch.: foster-child; the word is not much known. mndm-pa to smell of, cca., dri-ma gld - bai til - ma mnam as to its smell, it smells of the dung of a musk- deer; to smell agreeably, to exhale fragrance, e.g. the scent of lotus Glr.', more frq. to smell badly, to spread an offensive smell, to stink, rnul man dri mnam profuse and badly smelling perspiration Lt.; lus btsog- pa mnam - pa (or -po) O di Dzl. this foul stinking body. Note: The transitive signi- fication (to smell == to perceive by the nose) belongs only to the form sndm-pa, and Dzl. V&, 14 should be translated: the me- dicine stank. nina oath, mna Jbo-r-ba, O ddr-ba, bi/nl- pa, ski/el-ba B., *kydl-ce* W., to take an oath, to swear; Ilia tl^'iii-du l>t*it resp. for ynyid, sleep, mndl- du peb-pa or O gro-ba to fall asleep, mndl-ba to sleep, mndl-yzim-pa id.; mnal sad-pa to awake Mil, ; mnal - lab the talk- ing in one's sleep; mndl-lam dream Glr. mn -I>a l.to think, fancy, imagine, de nd-la zei'-ba yin mnds-nas think- ing it had been said to him. 2. to think upon, to consider, sna bsam pyi mno med- par neither considering before hand, nor thinking of the consequences; bsam -mno yton-ba id., Mil. (cf. bsam-blo). $$jqrq* mnog-pa contentment Cs.; zas-mnog Lex. v?.Q.;Sch.: moderate fare, fru- gal diet; mnog-cutl insignificant, trifling, v. nans. ' mnon-ba v. ynoh-ba. J" mnod-pa v. nod-pa. C$. = mnal-grib; mnol- rig weak intellect, want of quick perception Sch. $$&$' mnos 1. v. nod-pa. 2. v. mno-ba. s-n- rnd-ba 1. resp. snyan, col. *ndm-cog, * or am -cog*, (Pur., Bal. *rna, sna*), the ear, sems-can ^6n-pa-dag rnd-bas sgrd- rnams fos the deaf hear; rnd-bai me -Ion the drum or tympanum of the ear Cs. ; md- bai dgd-ston a treat for the ears Glr.; rnd- bai dbdh-po ytod lend me your ear, listen to me Mil. ; ned rnd-ba mi sun I am not tired of hearing Mil.; rnar snydn-pa plea- sant to the ear, tickling the ear Stg. ; rnd- ba O dud-pa v. O dud-pa; rnd-ba byd-ba, byo- ba, bldg-pa Sch., to listen, rnd-ba nd - ba disease of the ear, ear-ache; rnd-ba ^ur-ba Med. a tingling, humming, or buzzing in the ears ; rnd-ba sra hard or dull of hear- ing Sch. 2. v. ynd-ba. Comp. rna-kor ear-ring Sch. *na-kydg* W. ear-wax, cerumen. rna-Kun ear-hole, O ci-bai rnd-Kun-du (or md-bar, or mar) bijod-pa to cry into a dying man's ear. - rna-kebs that part of a helmet which protects the ear Sch. rna - gydn orna- ment worn in the ears, e.g. me-tog-gi Stg.', rna-cd id., yser-gyi Mil. rnd-mcog col. \. rnd-ba. 2. the pan of a fire-lock. rna-ltdg the back -part of the ear Cs. rnd-feg-can, bzod-pa sgom-pai rnd-feg-can one that is able to listen to all that (stuff) with patience Mil. rna-ydub ear - ring 6s. rna-mdd yzer-ba C. the piercing of the ear with an arrow, a Chinese punish- ment. rna-spdg (sic), or -spdbs ear-wax Sch. rna-rdl an ear torn by pendants. - rna-lun Cs. the ear or handle of a vessel. rna -sal Med. ear-lap, tip of the ear. ma^-pa^-ysog Lex. and Lt., perh. = sna- ysog. rna-sldn (*nas-ldn*) a fur -cover for the ears, worn by Tibetan ladies. =qv rnag matter, pus, suppuration, rnagsmin- ' ' pa pus grown ripe Cs. ; O dren-pa Sch. : 'to draw out the pus'; (I only met with rnag snd- dren-pa S.g., which can hardly have this signification); rnag-rdol-ba dis- charge of matter; rnag-rtol-ba prob. caus- ing such a discharge by a puncture ; rnag Q dzdg-pa the dropping or running of pus 313 rnags Cs.\ rndg-par mdg-pa to form pus, to ulcerate Cs. skrdns-pa rndc/-tu Kug v. gug-pa. rnag - Krdg matter and blood. - mdg-can containing pus, purulent. - rnag- brum abscess Sch. rnag-subs prob. the core of an ulcer. jj. rnags W., 6'., ready money, cash, *nag kyan*id. -*nag-zog* money and goods ; *gir-mo gyad nag* Ld. eight rupees in cash. *r-n* man - ba pf. brnans to be checked, ' stopped, shut off; with or without gre- bar, to stick fast in one's throat; to be choked (complete form brndns - te ci-bd); dbugs-kyis man -sin (his) breath stopping short (from fright) Pth.; skdd-kyis rndn-te not being able to utter a word Dzl. %?, 1 ; zds-kyis rndn-te the food sticking fast in his throat, mya-ndn-gyis from sorrow Dzl. zj- rnam, in compounds for rndm-par, v. rndm-par extr. Jr&r^r rnam ~P a 1- P' ece > P ar *> e -S- ^ e parts of a panel of a door, *rin-gi ndm-pa* a longitudinal piece, *zen-gi ndm- pa* a cross piece W.; rndm-pa ynyis-su gyes (a ray of light) is divided into two parts or rays; section, distinct part of a treatise; part, ingredient, lus-kyi rndm-pa prd-rags-rnams the subtile and the coarse ingredients of the body Wdn. ; rndm-pa kun - tu, fams - cad - du in every respect, to all intents and purposes, through and through, entirely, perfectly; this phrase is used, whenever people of rank are address- ed: rnam- kun fugs-rje mgo- dren bka- drin mfsuns - brdl most honoured patron, altogether incomparable as to grace and goodness! or, rnam-kun fugs-rje dan bka- drin mfsuns-brdl; European gentlemen are thus addressed in letters: rnam-kun fugs- rje ^gyur-med sd-heb most honoured Sahib, invariably kind in every respect! 2. things or persons taken individually, often pleon., ^.od-zer rndm-pa bzi four (separate) rays of light; jo-bo rnam(-pa) ynyis the two lords (sc. gods) Glr.; bdag O dir fsogs bu - mo rndm - pa Ina we five girls here assembled Mil.; *sd-heb ndm-pa nyi* W. the two European gentlemen; &> - O f>r>'// mam-pa rndm-pa bco-brgydd the eighteen wonder- ful feats; O byun-ba rndm-pa Ina Wdn. the five elements; %al-zds rndm-pa Dzl. V\S, 17 the separate dishes of a meal (another reading: zal - zds - mams) ; when used in quite a general sense, the exact meaning is to be understood only by the context: Ihd-sa mam-pa ynyis fsdr-nas after finish- ing the two Lhasa affairs, viz. the erecting of two buildings previously mentioned; mdm-pa fams-cdd mkyen-pai ye-ses 8. $., or spyan DzL, as much as omniscience; yzugs ni I'a-d6g dan dbyibs-kyi rndm-pao 'yzugs' is that in which both colour and form are included Wdn. 3. division, class, species, dpun rnam bzi the four species of troops (cavalry, elephants, charidts, in- fantry) ; rndm-pa bzi of four different kinds. 4. manner, way, rnam-pa sna-fsogs-kyis, rndm-pa sna-fsogs-kyi sg6-nas in manifold manner, variously, frq. ; rndm-pa drug-tu (the earth shakes) in six ways, i.e. direc- tions (whenever extraordinary works of charity are performed by holy men) v. Bum. I., 262 (not 'six times' Sch.} ; rndm- pas = sgo-nas, or pyir, bslu-bai rndm-pas by arts of seduction Dzl. ; de-la mi dgd- bai mdm-pas from vexation at it Mil. ; bser- mai rndm-pas in consequence of the cold wind Mil 5. outward appearance, ex- terior, -jliqiK, as to form, figure, shape: Icdgs-kyui rndm-pa in the shape of a hook, hooked Wdn. ; ston-pai rndm-par spml he assumed the appearance of the Teacher Tar. ; cos-skui rndm-par O gyur-ba to appear in a misty form Glr. ; his O di ni roi rndm- par O gyur this body turns into a corpse Thgy., and so in most cases with regard to the whole appearance; of colour alone it is used only, when dbyibs (the shape) has already been stated, as in a passage from Pth. : as to its rndm-pa (colour), it is spotted like a leopard; deportment, de- meanour, gesture, yid-du ^6n-bai rndm-pas of graceful manners Mil.; further: state, manner of existence, of certain inhabitants of hell Ttyy.; in philosophical writings: 'Form der Erkenntniss' Was. (274); men- 20* 314 rndm-par rndm-pa tally : disposition, temper, state of mind T%.; *Ko ndm-pa-la* = sdm-pa-la C. in his mind. sxrnx' rndm-par 1. termin. of rndm-pa: into the form etc., v. above. 2. as postp. like, = the Lat. instar, Wdn. 3. adv. (possibly an abbreviation of rndm- pa kun-tu), entirely, perfectly, thoroughly; in negative sentences: by no means, on no account; often only adding force to another word, Ssk. f^; frq. in the shorter form rnam. The following expressions most in use, containing the adv. rndm-par or rnam, are alphabetically arranged with reference to the second word : rndm-par klub-pa to adorn, embellish Cs. mam-grdns i. enu- meration, rgydl-poi of kings Glr. 2. the whole amount, sum total, >..-/.: full number or quantity, where nothing is wanting (?Zr.90, 3.; mfsdn-gyi rnam -grans the component parts of his name according to their ety- mological value Tar. 69, 3. 3. treatise, disser- tation, a paper, cos-kyi frq. 4. by gramma- rians the signification of de is thus defined : rnam -grans -yzan -brjod-pa demonstrative pronoun(P). rnam-^gyur (cf. above mdm- pa 5) 1. form, figure, shape, yi-gei rnam- O gyur the form of the letters (written or printed) Glr., or in this passage also = the graceful form of letters, caligraphy, pen- manship, v. below. 2. behaviour, demeanour, lus-ndg-gi Wdn.; of a sick person S.g.; gesture, e.g. devout gestures Mil.; rnam- O gyur rdzes-pa Pth. mimic gestures, mimical performance, ballet. More esp.: 3. beau- tiful form, graceful carriage of the body, graceful attitudes (of dancers etc.) Pth. ; bzoi rnam - ^gyur the beauty of a work Glr. 4. pride CL, W., Mil; rndm-^yur-can fine, smart, gayly dressed; proud, vain, foppish col. rnam - par rgydl - ba conquering completely, gaining a full victory Pth.; mam-rgydl a surname much in use; rnam- rgyal- pun-pa, ace. to Schl. 247 bum-pa, water-bottle for sacred uses. rnam(-par)- bcdd(-pa) section, paragraph, rndm-par bead -pa dan-po-o first paragraph; also mark of punctuation at the end of a pa- ragraph, i.e. double -shad. rnam-bcu- dban - Man a certain way of writing the Ommanipadmehum, v. Schl. p. 121 ; but I should rather explain it in accordance to mam -pa 2, as the 'ten powerful things', scil. letters or written characters, else the words would have been: rndm-par dban- Iddn bcu. rndm-par O jog-pa v. rnam- bzdg. rndm-par rfog-pa (cf. rtog-pa I. 2, and II., 2), gen. sbst. rnam-rtog (fcc^ distinction; doubt, error) 1. discrimination, perception; so perh. S.g. : rnam-rtog nan bcom the perception of what is disagreeable is weakened; reasoning, mental investigation, opp. to ye-ses, the sublime wisdom of the saint, 2. scruple, hesitation, rnam-rfog ma mdzdd-par can O di ysol please drink this beer without any scruple! Pth. ; so also in col. language. 3. in philosophy: obscuration, viz. of the clear and direct (nihilistic) know- ledge of truth by reasonings in the mind of the individual, error, Was. (305). 4. in pop. language disgust, distaste, rnam-rtog skyed-pa to feel disgust Glr., zd-ba Pth. prob. id. rndm-(par} fdr(-ba). 1. to be entirely released or delivered, and sbst. com- plete deliverance, rnam -far ysum Trigl. fol. 12, three ascetic notions (in themselves of little consequence), ston-pa-nyid, mfsdn- pa-med-pa, and smon-pa-med-pa. 2. sbst. rnam- far biography, legendary tales about a saint; tale, story, description, in general. rnam-f6s-(kyi) bu, sras, rnam -sr as = Kuvera, Ssk. ^jmqiq. rnam -(par) dag (-pa) thoroughly cleansed, frq. ; by rnam- (par} dag {-par} rtsi-ba, or mdzdd-pa I have attempted to express the Scriptural doctrine of dixaiovv or justification. rnam- O dud n. of one of the seven golden hills round Mount Mem Glr. rnam - O dren (cf. O dren-pa 2) the saviour, Buddha; rnam- log- dren the reverse. mam-par-snan- mdzdd, C^^TJH, n. of the first of the Dhyani Buddhas. rnam-(par'} O prul{-ba) sorcery, magic tricks, byed-pa Dom. rnam-pye, rnam-pyed, prob. = rnam -(par) dbye(-ba) 1. distinction, division, section. 2. rnam-dbye case or cases, of which the Tibetan gram- 315 rnd-ba marians, from an excessive regard of the Ssk. language and in fond imitation of its peculiarities, have also adopted seven in number. rnam-(par) smm(-pd) retalia- tion, requital, of good or evil deeds, com- mitted in former lives, of good actions by prosperity (las- pro), of bad ones by misery and suiferings (lan-cdgs), very frq.; sdig- pai rnam-par smin-pa myon-ba Dzl. - rnam -(par) bzdg(-pa) 1. to distinguish, to put in order, arrange, classify Wdn., Thgy., sgo - nas according to ... (certain points or facts). 2. to consider a person or thing as fully equal or equivalent to another, to substitute one for the other, C. ; rnam-bzag sbst., Lex. cq^^TT 1 placing apart, separating ; distinction. 2. arrangement, position, = ynds -lugs 1. rnam-(par) rig^-pa) and ses(-pa), as a vb., 1. to know fully, to understand thoroughly. 2. rndm-par ses-pai lus-can-rnams Dom. rational, or at least animated, beings, opp. to inanimate nature; as a sbst., gen. rnam-ses, fc^M ; l. etymologically: perfect knowledge, con- sciousness, Kopp. I, 604. 2. in philosophy : one of the five pun-po, perceptions, cog- nitions, Was. (of which there are six, if the knowledge acquired by the inner sense is included ) also in Mil. frq. , e. g. sgo Inai rnam - ses (cf. sgo ysum). 3. in pop. language : soul, e.g. of the departed, (later literature and col.) (The significations 2 and 3, I presume, should be distinguished, as is done here, according to the different spheres in which they are used and not be explained one out of the other, as is attempted Burn. I, 503. Schr. gives here, as in most cases, the signification used in col. language.) 4. rnam - rig Was. (307) idea, notion; Tar. often = ^qrRT also f^ff, rnam-rig-tu bkrdl-pa 'explained in the sense of the idealists', Schf. ; mam-rig dan rtog- gei bstan-bcos logical and dialectical Shas- tras. rnam-bsdd explanation Tar. *x*&r mams, in B. the usual sign of the plural, in col. language little used, esp. in W., meaning, ace. to its etymology, piece by piece; hence its use is not a strict grammatical rule, but more or less arbi- trary; it is mostly omitted, when the plural is otherwise indicated , e. g. after definite and indefinite numerals; it may be used, however, not only in these instances (Jcor man -po- mams many servants), but also after collective nouns (dge- dun-rnams), at the end of enumerations (= de fams-cdd), after general expressions, such as: gan yod(-pd)-rnams whatever they were, after other plural- signs (. . . dag- imams etc.). Cf. mam-pa 2. s, resp. sans, mucus, snivel, snot, snabs pyi - ba to blow one's nose, snabs-pyis pocket-handkerchief; snabs-lug snotty nose, snotty fellow Sch.; snabs-litd, prob. also dar-sndbs Dom. = snabs ; be-snabs thick phlegm Cs. ; sndm-pa v. snom. sndm-bu woolen cloth; the common sort is not dyed, very coarse, and loosely woven; sndm-bu spu-can hairy cloth, napped cloth ; snam-prug, dbns-sndm Mil, fine cloth; ^go-sndm C. id. ; snam-sbydr Lex. a sort of loose mantle for priests Cs. *ndm-ya* W. trowsers. snam-yug, yiig- snam a whole piece or roll of woolen cloth. snam rc'ts woolen cloth and cotton cloth Mil. snam-brdg (U: *am-bdg*} bosom. snam-logs, snam-yzogs resp. side. ^j^. swar, terrain, of sna; S7iar-bkdb Wdk. fol. 464 nose- band (?) pocket -handker- chief (?); sndr-kyu guide -rope for camels, passing through their nose. nar-fdn n. of a monastery, Kopp. II. 256; n. of a philologist Gram. sndr-po, sndr-mo Cs. 1 . of a white or light red colour (cf. skya-ndr). 2. long, oblong, cf. ndr-mo. 319 sndr-ba sndr-ba prob. the original form of bsndr-ba. sndr-ma n. of one of the lunar man- sions, v. rgyu-skar 3. sndl-ba v. bsndl-ba. sndl-ma thread, silk -thread, woolen thread etc.; knitting -yarn, or yarn used for other purposes; also for warp, abb- yarn. snun -p a i pf- a d fut bsnun, 1. to prick Lz. ; to stick or prick into, e.g. a stick into the ground Mil., mfson a weapon Lex. 2. to suckle (cf. nu-ba, nud-pa), nit-ma or nu-zo snun-pa Pth., Lk, id. 3. to multiply Wdk. ynad snun-pa Lex. w.e , Sch. : 'to excavate the interior, to get or penetrate into the inside 1 (?). snub-pa, pf. bsnubs, fut. bsnub, imp. snub(s) vb.a to nub-pa, to cause to perish; gen. fig. to suppress, abolish, abro- gate, annul, destroy, annihilate, a religion, a custom etc. ^Vj- snum(-paS.(/.,-poCs.\ 1. fat, grease, ^ any greasy substance, snum-yyis skud- pa to grease, to smear; in C. esp. oil (W. *mdr-nay*), snum-zdd-kyi mdr-me a lamp, the oil of which is consumed; also fig., snum being added pleon. , e. g. Mny. : lus - zuns snum-zdd, and parallel to it: lus-zuhs zad Lt.\ rlan-snum raw fat, zun-snum melted fat Cs.; sol-snum cart-grease, composed of pulverized charcoal and fat Glr. 2. fig. of luxuriant grass or pasture, ri snum-pa a hill clothed with luxuriant pastures C. (cf. itig-ge)) snum-la jam-pa luxurious and soft Mil. snum - kon a little bowl for oil etc. snum-Jcur a kind of pastry baked in suet. snum-yteys, W. *num-ldy*, a wooden tablet, blackened, greased, and strewed with ashes, used for writing upon with a wood-pencil, thus serving for a slate. snum - can, snum-bcas, snum-lddn fat, oily, greasy. snum-dri a smell of fat. - snum - nay oil Kun. snum - rtsi a greasy liquid, oil etc. ; greasy, oily C. snum- pa vb. = snom-pa I. snur-ba, pf. and fut. bsnur, vb.a. to nur-ba, 1. to put or move out of nod its place, to remove, to shift W. : to move or draw towards one's self Cs. , so mdun - du snur-ba Zam. is explained by O fen-pa. 2. Sch.: to cut into pieces, to fracture, to crush, zib-mor into small pieces (to reduce), to powder; so it seems to be frq. used in Lt., though one Lex. explains it by O dds- pa (scarcely corr.). 3. Cs. to bring near = to shorten, dus a term, a space of time. Cf. brnt'/^r^-ba Lexx. sn ^(- m ) 1. extremity, end, sndl-mai Lex., of a thread, fdy-sne the end of a rope Sch.; hem, seam, ne-mo *ltdb- ce* W. to fold down and sew the edge of a piece of cloth, to hem; *ne-mo yydb-ce* W. to trim with cord or lace. sne- K6r to warp, to get twisted Sch. 2. sne-rgod, sne-dmdr, sne-fsod, mon-sne, sneu, names of plants. ^,- r - r snem-pa to shake, to cause to move Slightly, bsnem-byaisa-yzi a quagmire, shaking or yielding under one's feet Sch.; nem-nem bsnem-pa Lex., pf. bsnems. g^q. sno - ba Cs. = snur - ba, to reduce to ^ small pieces, to crumble. SJc- snod I. sbst. (inw) 1- vessel, snod- * spydd id., Lex. and col. frq.; yser- snod a gold vessel; pye-snod a vessel for meal or flour; cu-snod water-pot, pitcher; bu-snod uterus, womb, Lt. and col.; snod- Kyi fca mouth of a vessel, snod-kyi zabs bottom or foot of a vessel, stem of a glass. 2. in anatomy : snod dmy (the six vessels) are: gall-bladder, stomach, the small and the large intestine, urinary bladder and spermatic vessels (in the female: uterus); don-snod, the six vessels and the five don together, v. don 5. 3. with reference to religion v. sde, compounds. 4. fig. 1. in ascetic language denoting man, as far as he is susceptible of higher and divine things ; so already in Dzl. a man is called snod yohs-su ddy-pa a very pure and holy vessel; snod-lddn slob-ma a disciple eager to be instructed Mil.; snod-du ruii-ba one fit for, worthy of (instruction); snod-du med-pa unfit, insusceptible, rude, vulgar. ; ties-par Uys-pai snod mcoy, nes-leys bsyrub-pai snod 320 mcog a most perfect vessel of religion (most susceptible of etc.) Thgy. ; snod ma yin in- susceptible of religion Thgy., Tar. 2. in metaphysics: pyi-mdd the external world, or rather inanimate nature, pyi-snod-kyi ^ig- rten Glr. and elsewh. frq., opp. to nan- bcud, viz. the sentient beings composing it; so Mil. ; Sch. : matter and spirit. II. v. zfc snon rest, remainder (?) Dzl. Z^SZ, 4, *> Sch. Sji'^r snon-pa, pf. and fut. bsnan, 1 . to add, superadd, increase, augment, *la nan- ce* W. to add to the wages, to raise the wages; *)a fsd-big nan sal* W. please give me some more tea! ynyis bsndn-te two being added to them, (their number) increasing by two Mil.; mdn-du snon-pa to augment by a great number frq. non-ka, or non- Ka W., increase, growth, augmentation, and in a special sense: agio, premium; snon-ma, bsndn-ma, id.; *pun-non* W., *gyab-nori f 6'., dmag-fsogs snon -ma reinforcements, auxiliary troops. 2. to add up, sum up Wdk. snob -zog- can (spelling?) cu- rious, inquisitive, * nob -zog co- ce* W. to pry into, to ferret. snom-pa I. also snum-pa, pf. bsnums, fut. bsnum, imp snum(s); and sndm- pa, pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, imp. snom(s\ 1. to smell, to perceive by the nose (cf. mndm-pd), snas dri-rnams bsndms-pa to perceive scents by the nose Stg. ; *da num* W. there, smell at that! *zi num-te dul-ce* W. to go about smelling and prying; *na cian mi num* W. I do not smell any thing. - 2. to grope, *m//n-nag-la nom-ne cin = nag-zitg-la nom-zin son* C., v. nag-zug. II. pf. bsnams, fut. bsnam, W. *ndm-ce*, resp. for ten-pa, O dzm-pa, fogs-pa, O cdn- ba, to take, relics from a sepulchre Glr.', to seize, to take up, the alms -bowl Dzl; to hold, u stick Mil; to put on, a sacred garment; *nam yin -no* W. would you please (to take), would you like (to have a cup of tea etc.)? e.g. brndb-sems snor-ba, pf. and fut. bsnor, to COn- found, mingle, mix, disturb Cs. snol-ba. pf. and fut. bsnol, 1. to unite, join, put together, fit together, bricks or stones in building W. ; Cs. to adjust; Sch. : to mend holes in stockings, to darn; to cross one's hands, bruit - /Jar, resp. fugs - /car, on the breast Thgr. and elsewh. frq.; O fam snol-ba to put together, to embrace Cs. ; ltd-snol-ba to look at each other, ^6-snol-ba to kiss each other, 'and thus frq. denoting reciprocity' Cs. (though not to my knowledge). 2. to wrestle, scuffle, fight, of boys, dogs frq., also Jlf7.; stag snol - ba a fighting tiger that rushes upon the enemy Ma.; to contend with, fight against, subdue, me, a fire Tar. fCTSJ" "*&& snrubs, snron, the names of two ^ ' of the lunar mansions, v. rgyu- skdr. ; Cs. sloping, oblique; Sch.: confusedly, pellmell: Cs. also mediocrity. brndg-pa 1. to devise, contrive, to take care, to be concerned about, to strive for or after, . . . zes ycig-tu brnags- pas striving only after (that one thing) Tar.; as sbst. brndg - pa cons keep (it) well in your mind, pay all attention (to it)! c. genit., cf. brndn-pa. 2. Lex. = bzod-pa, to suffer, to endure; bmag-dka intolerable, insuppor- table Lea:. 3. 6s.; to be full of corrupt matter. brndn-ba v. rndn-ba. brndn-pa 1. 6s. to attend, to look on attentively, Jbri-klog brndn-pa to attend while a person is reading or writ- ing. 2. Sch. : 'to be desirous of, to long for, cos -la for religious instruction, ltd -la for food'. With the first signification agrees a quotation in Zam.: ndn-tan-brnan, with the second the word *zd-nan-can* W., = zd-brnab-can. * brndb-sems Cs.: covetousness, selfishness; Thgy.: bddg-gi-la brndb-sems predilection for one's own things, }'zdn-gyi-lu brndb-sems desire for tilings brnu-ba 321 belonging to others; W.: *zd - nab - can* greedy, ravenous; *nar-nab-can* greedy of gain or money, covetous. |* bmu-ba, bi*nur-ba Lexx.; ( ' 8 - to draw to, to attract, (Sch. also: 'to remove a thing from its place?'), prob. another form for snur-ba. J" bmogs-pa to hide, conceal, bsndn-ba v. rndn-ba. *J* bsndd-pa v. sndd-pa. * bsndn-pa v. snon-pa. bsndm-pa v. snom-pa. bsndr-ba 1. to extend in length, to lengthen, to pull out, e.g. a piece of India rubber W. 2. to draw or drag after, to trail, mjug - ma Lex. the train of a robe, the tail etc. ; fig. to have in its train, to be attended with, nyon-mm'ts-bsndr the con- sequences of sin Sch. bsndl-ba to spin out, to protract Cs. bsnun-pa v. snun-pa. rj pa ] . the letter />, (tenuis), the French p. 2. num. figure: 13. j- pa, an affix, or so-called article, the same as ba (q.v.) which, when attached to the roots of verbs, gives them the sig- nification of nouns, or, in other words is the sign of the infinitive and the participle; in the language of common life, however, it is frq. used for the finite tense, and for par; affixed to the names of things, it de- notes the person that deals with the thing (rtd-pa horseman, cu-pa water-carrier); combined with names of places, it desig- nates the inhabitant (bod-pa inhabitant of Tibet); with numerals, it either forms the ordinal number ()'nyi's-pa the second), or it implies a counting, measuring, contain- ing (bu-mo lo-ynyis-pa a girl counting two years, i. e. a girl of two years; Kru-gdn- pa measuring one cubit; sum-cu-pa con- taining thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetan alphabet); frq. it has no particular signi- fication (rked-pa etc. etc.), or it serves to distinguish different meanings (rkan marrow, rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (M-ba B., *tfa* W. snow); pa dan with a verb, v. dan 4; in certain expressions it stands, it would seem, incorr. inst. of pail ys6-ba rig -pa science of medicine, grub-pa Iw structure of the body, dam-pa cos holy doctrine (of Buddha). q-c- pd-ta W. cross, St. Andrew's cross ? (thus X). pa-til v. pa-til. pd-to a medicinal herb Wdn. more corr - ^J5*> P a -tra (also pa-ta Pth.} Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri- fices); beggar's bowl = Ihun-bzed. ? pa-na Ssk. = tan-ka Tar. 112, 6; in Bhotan 1 rupee Schr.-, in W. (also *pe-na*) a copper-coin = Paisa, esp. of foreign coinage. 1^6' pa-ni Hind. UHlfK water Lt. rj-B*- pa -ben a strip of wood, ledge, bor- 1 der (?) W. P a ( wa )~ sdns 1 - tile Venus. - 2. Friday. 21 322 pa-yag-pa pa-yag-pa a medicinal herb = smug-cun Med. pa-yu salt Bal. pa-yo-to-yo, *srog dan pa-i/o- td-yo tan-te son* Ld. for sroy dan bsdos, v. sdo-ba. fpd-ra-Ka W. cross (a straight one -j-)- 'pa-ran (spelling doubtful, at any rate not pa-ran) n. of a mountain pass, 19 000 feet high, between Ladak and Spiti. .^ pd-ri W., pd-ru 6'., B. 1. box, cylin- drical or oval, high or flat, of wood or metal. 2. pd-ru, also pd-tra Sch. 3. v. bd-ru. ' Tibetan priest that went to China. J'$JC^|" pa-sans v. pa-wa-sans. OTT OTTCT P a 9-> pdg-bu Bal., pdg-gu Dzl, |NO pau W., pag Glr., pau Wdn.: brick ; pdg-gu byed-pa Dzl. ; pi'bs-pag roof- tile 6s.; wd-pag gutter-tile 6s.; rdzd-pag, so -pag Glr. burnt-brick 6s.; sd-pag Glr. unburnt-brick 6s.; pag(-bu)-mKan mason 6s.; pag-rtsig brick-w T all 6s.; *pag-fsir W. a row or layer of bricks; frq. used as a measure = a small span, */capag-tsir nyisyod* the snow is as deep as two layers of bricks. - Not quite plain is the etymology of ^og-pag, Lea;.', ska- rags- kyi rgyan, Sch.: 'a girdle ornamented with glass - beads'; and of pag -por Sch. cup or vessel with a lid. pdgs-pa, Mil. also -po (cf. Ipags) 1. skin, hide; su-ba to skin, ace. to Schr. also merely to fret the skin; pdgs- pai gos skin or fur - clothing S. g. 2. foreskin, when the connection of words does not admit of a misconception, Miig. 3. skin or peel of fruit, the bark of trees, also pags-sun, and sun-pags ; *pag-fdg* C. bark- cord, match-cord; pdgs-cu anasarca, skin- dropsy; pdgs-cu-zugs affected with this disease. |C^" pan, fQ* pan } resp. sku-pd/i, 1. the bend or hollow formed by the belly and the thighs in sitting, lap, B., ('., W ; pan- du son he sat down on the lap of ... Glr. ; pan-Kebs apron ; pan-Krag the blood flowing off during child-birth ; *pan - big* W. uri- nary bladder; *pan-ri (for dri?) sun* C. she has the bloody flux; pdh-yyog-ma 6s. midwife (a kinswoman generally has to officiate as such; a hired one receives a new dress for her services). 2. the bend or hollow formed by the arm and the chest in carrying something ; bosom, usually pan- pa', sin-pan-pa gan an armful of wood; pan - par Jcyer - ba to carry (a child) on the arm Dzl. and elsewh.; sdon-po pan- pas ma Jlyigs-pa tsam zig a tree not to be encompassed by a man's arms Pth.; '^pan-god, pan-kod* W. an armful. pdn-ka, pdn-fca 1 . W! an implement for stirring the fire; for scraping = rbad. 2. Ts. = pan. pantsa, pan-tsa, seems to be the n. of a tree B., C.; Ssk. only: five. qr-q- pad -pa C. = srin-bu pad -ma, v. pdd-ma. -. CTff'jr padma , pad - ma Ssk. in C. 5j ' pronounced *pe-ma* 1. water- lily, lotos, Nymphaea, if not nearer defined, the blue species, whilst the less frq. form pad -mo (ace. to Glr. fol. 62) seems to denote the white kind of this flower. - 2. (not in Ssk., at least ace. to Wls. and Williams, though Kopp. II, 61 seems to dissent): genitals, of either sex, Med. 3. srin-bu pdd-ma leech. pad-koi\ pad- skdr 1 . a particular way of folding the fin- gers during prayer 6s. and Sch.; a certain gesture with the hand. 2. a kind of toupet of the women, also pad- 16 C., W. pad (-ma} dkdr(-do) 1. white lotos. 2. title of a celebrated Sutra, translated by Burnouf, Was. (151). pad-dkdr zal-lan an astro- nomical work by Piigpapa, v. 6s. time- table. pad-ma- can full of lotos; more particularly lotos -lake, with and without mfso Glr. pad-(ma dan nyi-ma dan) zldi ydan Glr. and elsewh., carpet with 323 pir representations of lotos, sun and moon. pad-ma-pa-ni lotos-bearer, name of Awa- lokiteswara, Kopp. II, 23. Pad-ma-Jbyun ynds, Sskr. P. Sambhava, also: U-rgyan- pdd-ma, one of the most famous divines and holy magicians, in the 8th century, from Urgyen (Ssk. Udayana) i.e. Kabul, who ace. to his own declaration (v. the fantastic legend concerning him, entitled: pad-ma fan-yig} was greater than Buddha himself, v. Kopp. II, 68. pad-ma-ra-ga Ssk. ruby. pdd-rtsa a medicinal herb Wdn ( pe-tse'ty. J*E* P a V(Ji-ta Ssk., Pandit, Indian scholar ^ ' or linguist; pan-cen great Pandit; pan-cen rin-po-ce, bog-do (Mongolian) rin- cen, title of the second Buddhist pope, re- siding at Tashilunpo, Kopp. II, 121. pan- za Pandit-cap. pan-pon (also pan-pun?') not con- sidered perfect in dignity, as for instance the Lamas in Lh., that are mar- ried ; yet cf. ban-bdn. T^. par I. form, mould, blugs-par casting- mould; rdeu-par bullet-mould; blugs- par, as well as sin-par, printing form, a stereotype plate cut in wood; par rkd-ba to cut types; rgydb-pa, par-du O debs-pa, to print, to stamp; par (-yig) Jbri-ba to write the exemplar or manuscript for print- ing. pdr-rko-pa, pdr-rko-mKan, cutter of types. par - lean printing - office. - par-rgydb print, *par-rgydb fsogs-se* W. like a print or impression. par - snag printing-ink. pdr-pa printer Cs. pdr- dpon fore-man of a printing-office. par- ma a printed work, book ; *di pdr-ma yan yod* this is also to be had printed. par- yyog a printer's man, assistant. par-sog printing-paper. par-yzi = par. II. v. par - ma. III. terrain, of pa, also sign of the adverb; combined with verbs, it represents the supine, or adver- bial sentences, commencing with whilst, SO that; mi byed-par without doing. "par-tan Lex., a hairy carpet Sch. par-pa-ta n. of an officinal plant Ned. par-bu Lexx., Sch. - pa-tra. par-tsa-sd-ti W. a kind of cotton cloth. pal-la-tu-la Hind, scales of a balance Sik. pas 1. the instr. of pa; combined with verbs, it signifies by, in consequence of, because; also as, since, when. 2. = las, as sign of the comparative; after vowels, however and the final consonants d, r, 1, bos stands in its place; rtd-bas Kyi cun - ba yin the dog is smaller than the horse ; Kyod-pas, stag-pas, rtd-pa-bas, sndr- bas, or snd-ma-bas ce, bigger than you, than a tiger, than a rider, than formerly; it rarely stands for the partitive: bu Ina- brgyd-bas ycig, or for las with the signi- fication: except, Mil. J" pi num. fig.: 43. pi-cdg ( Turk. ^ 'L>) large butcher's knife. pi-pi 1. Schr., Sch. fife, flute. 2. W. nipple, teat; *pi-pi nud tdii-ce* to suckle. 3. icicle W. longum, a spice, similar to black pepper, yet more oblong. pi-po v. pi-si. pi-tse skin, or leather bag for water etc. Lh. ^^pi-fsi, and ma-fsi, interjections of anger, Foucaux Gyatch. 3\S/C, transl. 292. pi-wun or pi -bait, Zam. = ^\ iy j, guitar, also \ collar-bone. pun-pa, pun-pa C., W. an urn-shaped vessel of clay or wood, for water, beer etc. (seems not to be the same with bum-pa). P un -P a W- *pun-ce* = litd-ce to run over. ''Ty pundarika Ssk, white lotos. j^- pur Cs. 1. steel -yard. 2. pur-yyis S v. O pur-ba. 3. v. spur. J(^" pul v. pu-lu. 3 ^fi' 3 ^ puskara Ssk. blue lotos. S sfc - b k - pus-mo, W. *pis-mo, pig-mo*, knee ; pis -mo sa-la O dzug-pa to kneel; * pig-mo tsug-ce, pi-tsug gydb-ce* W. id.; *pig-mo tsug-te dad-ce* to sit in kneeling (which is considered indecorous); cf. tsog. J" pe num. figure: 103. P e ~(d)k" r -> a l so be-kdr, pe-hd-ra. bi-hdr Lt., Glr., Mil, a much worshipped deity, v. kye-pdn, and Schl. 157. * pe-te-hor n. of a people Sch. pe-ne, pe-na v. pa-na. kan. pu-sel-tse a medicinal herb Med. pe-bdn (Pers. j^lj), graft, scion; *pe-bdn tsug-ce* W. to graft. -feam little, small, a little &?/*. pe-tse, pi-tsi, Chin, pai-tsdi, Chinese white cabbage in C.; of late also known in Europe. Hj'*; pe-ra a flat basket. pe- 8a , paisa, Hind., copper coin, not quite a half-penny. P^ n ~ t 86 a kind of wood of which vessels are made Cs. (= pdn-tsaf) po 1. sign of nouns, in like manner as -pa; it particularly designates con- -ta-la crete nouns and the masculine gender, frq., in contradistinction to abstract nouns with -pa or -ba, and to feminities with -mo; connected with a numeral, it supplies the definite article: litd-po the five (just men- tioned) ; ynyis-po the two, both, = ynyis-ka. 2. num. figure: 133. pd-ta-la (Ssk. iffa ship, ^ to re- ceive, hence: harbour, port; Tib. gru-dzin) 1. ancient n. of Tatta, a town not far from the mouth of the Indus. - 2. n. of a three -peaked hill near Lhasa, with the palace of the old kings of Tibet, now the seat of the Dalai Lama. (The spelling 'Buddha -la' arises from an er- roneous etymological hypothesis, and the fact of its being found even in Hue's writ- ings may be attributed merely to a thought- less adherence to what had become a cus- tom ; v. Kopp. II, 340.) j^ po-ti (ace. to one Lex. a corruption of pu-sta-ka, for which also the form pu-sti seems to speak) = glegs-bam, book (of loose leaves). po-tum Sik. large wasp. po-td C. bullock. v - mfo-po-tog. po-ld the well-known Turkish mess of pilaw, Hind, pulao. rice boiled with fowl; in Ld. however sweet rice, prepared with butter, sugar, and 'pating'; fig. bsdm- bloi po-la byed-pa to concoct and deal in plans and plots. P-l(n)-sd n n - f the moun- tains bordering on China Ld.- Glr. Schl. 21, a (where in the translation the word has not been recognized as being a proper name). pog-pw censer, perfuming-pan. pogs-ta v. pugs-ta. pod, pon, pon-to v. pod, pon, pon-to. pob C. castrated ram. JT po 325 Ts. = tsd-bai nad. j. pro. small turkoises, 1 or 2'" in size, "* strung together foi 1 finger-rings, v. fsom. T(&f) P ra (- m ) t's. ! lot; pro, O debs-pa to cast lot. 2. sign, token, prog- nostic; Sch.: pra Jbebs-pa 'ein Zeichen ge- ben, ein Bild darstellen'. pra - cdl, spra - cdl Lea;, w. e. Sch. jest, joke, fun, nonsensical talk; byed- pa to make sport, to play the buffoon; slon-ba to cause merriment; pra-cdl-pa, or -m/can wag, buffoon. jn*ar pra -It Sch.: hill-mouse (marmot?), hare(?); cf. brd-ba. P rat ^-offos an alpine herb, said to be very wholesome to sheep (so for instance in Purig); ace. to recent investigations, of little value. Ace. to Cs. = a-krori, but this is denied by the people of Lahoul. P ~ y a ~ y u S^-, n. of several kinds of Indian aromatic plants Med. P r 9-> ze ~P r< ^9 Le^., the crest Of acockCs.; prog-zu, brog- zu, sprog-zu cod-pan. dpd(-ba) (^, ^T), also spd-ba 1. bravery, strength, courage; brave, strong, courageous; dpa bsgon-ba Lex., Kon- ba Thgy. ; goii-ba, bkon-ba Lex., to despond ; to dishearten (?); sin-tu dpd-zi/i he becom- ing very brave Dzl. ; dpd-la stobs (yah gyad dan bnydm-ste being brave, and in strength equal to an athlete Dzl. 2. beauty ; beauti- ful. 3. W. taste, agreeable taste, flavour. Comp. dpd-can \. brave. 2. beautiful. 3. W. savoury. dpa-med-Kan W. taste- less , v. also Iddd - pa. dpa - cen very brave; a great hero. dpa-ddr = mgul- ddr, a piece of silk, tied round the neck, as an honourable distinction for some brave deed. dpa-lddn = dpd-can 1 and 2. dpd-bo, fV^? 1. strong man, hero. 2. demi- god. dpa - bo - dkdr a medicinal herb Med. dpd-mo \. heroine (more frq. than the masc. dpd-bo). 2. mka-gro-ma, Da- .kini Mil, Thgr., Glr. dpa-fstil Mil. = dpd-ba 1. sbst., ni f. OT1* 326 dpag-tsdd 'ST dpun-pa dpag-fsdd mile, ace. to Cs. = 4000 fathoms, hence a geogra- phical mile ; yet there are mentioned dpag- cen and dpag-cun, the latter = 500 fathoms. The word seems altogether to belong more to the phantastic mythical literature, than to common life; so at least in W. dpdg-pa \. dpog-pa. dpag-yyeits the bustle or tu- mult of a festival Ld. dpag-bsam-sin n. of a fa- bulous tree, that grants every wish; ace. to Pth. == tsdn-dan-sbrul- gyi snyin-po. _. jt dpdn(-po) witness, both the de- ponent, and the evidence de- posed. Fully authenticated are as yet only : lha dpdn-du O dzug-pa to call a deity for a witness in taking an oath, to appeal to Glr.; also: dpan byed-pa to bear witness, to attest, v. mna. More conjectural are the meanings of: blo-sems dpdn-du jog-pa Glr., or ran-sems dpdn-du O dziig-pa Mil., to be sincere, to be conscious of speaking the truth; dpdn-du O gyur-ba to be witness of, to see, to know (cf. spydn-du ^)})ur- ba)\ bden-dpdii Lis. as explanation of ce- bzi, witness or proof for the truth of a thing; *pdn-po log^pa zer-ces* W. to give false evidence (Schr. rdzun-dpdn). mi- dpdn (Ld. *mir - pan*} W., C., is used as syn. to dpdn-po (also Schr), 1. witness. '2. defender, advocate; mi-dpan (or dpaii- po} byed-pa c. genit. or dat., to defend in a court of justice; (dpdn-pos dpoii-ba Sch. seems to be unknown and doubtful). d P ails ne '9 nt ; dpdn-m in height Samb.; dpam-mfo Lex. high, cf. O pans. dpans-fsdd great heat Schr. (?). dpdr-ba v. dpor-ba. dpalSsk. *ft 1. glory, splendour, mag- nificence, abundance; dpal reg-pa- med-pa unattainable glory Glr.; yon- tan dii - mai dpal splendour of numerous ac- complishments; skyed - pai dpdl - la lons- spyod-pa enjoying the utmost happiness Glr.', frq. as an epithet, or part of the names of deities, e.g. dpal-cen he-ru-ka, and esp. dpal(-ldan)lhd-mo , dpal-cen-mo, Durga Uma, Kali, the much adored spouse of Siva ; O clod-dgui dpal the fulness of all that can be desired Glr.; dpdl-gyi dum-bu, AjTl^U^, ! sandal-wood. 2. Cs. a kind of syrup , prepared of bse - sin , used as a purgative. 2. wealth, abundance, Glr. and elsewh. 3. welfare, happiness, blessing, O yro-bai of creatures Mil. and elsewh.; kun- gyi dpdl-du O gyur-ba or sdr-ba to be (be- come) the salvation, the saviour of all beings Glr. and elsewh. ; dpal skyed-pa, yzdn-gyi, rdii-gi dpal to work for the elevation of others or for one's own. 4. nobility, dpdl- gyi yndn-ba privilege of nobility; dpdl-gyi ynan-sog diploma of nobility, dpdl-gyi ynan-soy-pa one having a diploma of no- bility Cs. dpal-lcydd Dzl. = dpal 1. dpal-rtiig majesty, full glory Sch. dpal- Iddn a man's name (very common). dpal- po an illustrious man, dpdl-mo an illustrious woman Cs. dpal (- gyi) - beu is said to denote the figure $fc &>' dpal - byeu glow-worm Sch. dpal -by or 1. glory, wealth, magnificence, as a man's possession. 2. W. strawberry; 3. a man's name (very common). ^J' dpuh 1 host, great number, fians fams- N cdd-kyi Dzl.; esp. of soldiers. 2. troops, army, dpun bzi the four species of troops: rtai, gldii-po-cei, sin-rtai, and rkafi- fdit-gi dpuii (or dpuii(-bu)-cuit) ; dpuii-(gi) fsogs, dmag-dpun, army frq.; dgra-dpuii hostilearmy. 3. (auxiliaries?), help, assist- ance. * pun -la tdit-ce* W. to send assistance. dpun-grogs, -rogs, helper. dpun-(gi) ynyen friend, protector, defender, assistant, frq. *pun-non* W. reinforcement. rq^'rj- dpUH-pa 1. shoulder, dpun-pa Kar >s on the shoulder Glr.; dpun-pa daii dpyi ynyis both the shoulders and hips S.g.; upper arm, dpun-pa-rkdn upper arm-bone ; dpun Jum-paSch. to contract the arm(?); dpun -pa -lag upper and lower arm Cs. ; dpun-pa-rgyun an ornament for the arm Cs. 2. sleeve, yos dpuii-pa-can a garment 327 dpon-po with sleeves 6s. ; dpun-pa-bcdd the part of a woman's dress covering the chest Zaut . : Sch. : dpun-bcad-'rds. rj?j- dpe, Ld. *spe*, 1. pattern, model, de- la dpe Glr., or de dper byds-nas Zam., taking this for a pattern ; rgyd - yul - nas rtsis-kyi dpe blans it was from China that mathematics were learned Glr.- . . .pai dpe mi O dug there are no patterns for . . . Glr. ; dpe ci Itar with what to be compared? according to what analogy? Thgy.; simi- litude, parable, example, mfun-pai dpe an example that may be followed, a good ex- ample; bzlog-pai dpe an example to the contrary, a warning example Thgy.; *pe zdn-po, and nem-pe pe* as well as *y ar- ia and mar-la zdg-pe-pe, or mar-pe* C. id.; dpe st6n-pa to teach or to prove by examples; hence the participle, used sub- stantively, serves as an epithet of the Sau- trantikas, Was. (112); dpe bsdd-pa, dpe bzdg-pa = dpe stdn-pa; dper rjod-pa to set up for a parable or comparison; dper-na, in later times also dpe - ni, dpe byed - na Mil. , *pe gydb - na" W. , 1 . (in order ) to quote an example, by way of a comparison, just as if, followed by bzin-du or Itar, very frq.; 2. like our 'for instance', e.g., before enumerations, where in the older writings gen. O di-lta-ste is used; dper ^os-pa Cs. what may be compared, dper mi ^os-pa not to be compared; occasionally also: worthy or not worthy of imitation ; Kd-dpe, ytdm- dpe proverb, adage 6s.; O drd-dpe allegory, parable S.g.; md-dpe W., Ld. *md-spe*, Lh. *mdr-pe*, pattern, (writing-) copy (cf. also md - dpe and bu - dpe below). 2. symmetry, harmony, beauty, (in certain phra- ses). 3. book, /crims brgyad-kyi dpe the book of the eight commandments Dzl. ; kd- dpe, ka-ttdi dpe abc-book, prituer; pydg- dpe resp. for dpe, if used by a Lama (cf. pyag-mfcdr') ; md-dpe, bu-dpe original and copy of a book 6 r s. ; yig - nag dpe a real book, not of a fig. meaning, as the book of nature, Mil.; dpe.rtsom-pa to write, to compose, bsu-ba to copy a book; O d6ys-pa, O fsem-pa to bind, to stitch a book. Comp. dpe-ka little book, vulgo. dpe- /, : d/'/ library; bookseller's shop. dpe-kri a table to put books on, book-stand. - dpe-mkyvd, Jtyud Cs. v. mKyud-pa. dpe- mgo, dpe-mjug beginning, end, of a book. dpe-sgdm chest for books, book-case. - dpe- ca not frq. in B., but vulgo the common word for book. *dpe-ca pe-ce, tum-ce* W. to open, to close a book; v. btum-pa. dpe-rjod v. dper. dpe - fd list of books. dpe-bydd proportion, sym- metry, beauty, dpe -b;/ ad bzdn-po brgydd- i-u the eighty physical perfections of Bud- dha. dpe-bydd-can well-proportioned. dpe-fsoh-pa bookseller. dpe-subs case or covering for a book. dpe-bsus copy of a book. dper v. 1. dpe-brjod \. ex- ample, comparison, dpe-brjod byed- pa to compare, to cite an example 6"s. ; dpe-brjod rtogs-paGram. id.(?). 2. paradigm, example Gram. dpe-sgra(?}, *(s)pt-ra* W., speech, for ytam; *(s)pe"-ra zer~ce(s), tdn- 6-^(s)*, to speak, to talk ; I'-zuc/ (s)pe-ra ma tan do not say so! *(s)pe -ra zer - ce(s) med-Kan son* he became speechless (with terror etc.). dper-na v. sub dpe. dpog-pa, pf . dpags, fut. dpag, 1 . to measure, to proportion, to fix, ytoh- tsul ce-cun-la (to proportion) the dose to the sizeLtf.; . . .kyif sad-las after the measure of. ... Lt.; nad-stobs-la according to the violence of the disease Lt.', dpag (tu) med (-pa), less frq. dpag-brdl, dpag -yds, im- mensely large, very much; fugs dpag-med infinite grace, mdzdd-pa to show Dzl. 2. to outweigh, to counterbalance, lons-spyod fams-cdd-kyis mi dpog-pa not to be counter- balanced by all the wealth . . . Tar. 3. to weigh, to judge, to prove, />'.s-.s?/, dpog-pa to examine Tar.', rjes-dpdg Zant. inference, conclusion. dpdn-po master, lord, over men (generally); (cf. bddg-po owner) master, over working-men, overseer, fore- man, leader, yi'd-pai dpon-po, director, 328 dpor-ba O go-dpon; *dpon-po-la cay pul dug zu zer, fug-sro ma kyod, na yon-Ion med* W. make your master my compliment, and he should not take it amiss that I had no time to come; Krims-dpon 1. prop.: superior judge, lord chief-justice. 2. now: high officer of state, prefect, = mi-dpon; mKar-dpon com- mander of a fortress; Jfrug-dpon general Ma.; O go-dpon v. go; brgyd-dpon centurion, captain; bcu-dpon corporal; cibs-dpon master of the horse, equerry; rje-dpon = rje; rtd- pa-dpon (sic) (cf. pa extr.) general of ca- valry Glr.; stegs-dpon(?) v. stegs; ston-dpon leader of a thousand (seems to be no longer in use); ded-dpon sea-captain; mdd-dpon is said to be in C. the modern word for general, and O degs-dpon the same as ston- dpon; however v. stegs; Idin-dpon v, Idin; spyi-dpon governor general 6s.; mi-dpon prefect; rtsig-dpon master-mason; rdzoh- dpon m/cdr-dpon; yul-dpon prefect of a district Wts.; ru-dpon something like co- lonel; sin-dpon master-carpenter; slob-dpon teacher, frq., also title of the higher and more learned Lamas, corresponding, as it were, to M.A., master of arts; ysol-dpon head-cook, butler. dpon - mo fern. , nai - mo yin she is my mistress Glr. ^standing under amaster or mistress. dpon-med free 6s. dpon-yyog master and servants, frq. Kon-)o dpon-yyog (princess) koh-jo and her suite Glr. dpon- fsdn physician Schr. and Sch. dpon-yig secretary Schr. dpon-slob \ . inst. of dpon- po dan slob-ma Ma. and elsewh. 2. title of the four independent rulers in Bhotan, the Tenlow' of English news-papers, ace. to the pronunciation of *pon-lob, pon-lo*. dpor-ba, pf. and fut. dpar, to dic- tate, Cs.; if por-tsom (jhe^-pa* C. id. rq- dpya tax, duty, tribute, Q bul-ba to pay, ' DzL, Jbebs-pa to impose Tar. 21, 11; dpya -Ural id., rgydl-poi dpya-Krdl Lex. ; likewise dpya-fdn Cs. dpydh-ba, spydn-ba, to suspend, to make hang down, prop. vb. a. topydn- ba, with pf. dpyans and spijans, imp. dpyans, ns, but also vb. n., to rock, to pitch (of a ship) Pth.; dpydn-la yton-ba trs. Thgy.; *gyog-can*, perh. more corr. *tiyog- cdh*, also *peb-cdn* C. sedan-chair, palan- quin; dpyan-fdg, O pyaii-fdg, cord or rope, by which a thing is suspended, e.g. a plummet, a bucket, a miner; hence fig. fugs-tjei dpyaii-fdg ycod-pa Thgr. ; cu-snod dan dpyan-fag sbd-ba to hide the bucket together with the rope Schr.; a rope-swing, dpyan-fag rtsed-pa to swing (one's self); dpyans, spydns-paipan, hanging ornaments, dar-dpydns silk ornaments S.a. dpyad 1 . v. dpyod-pa. 2. Stg. : an instrument to open the mouth by force; perh. also in a more general sense: crow-bar (?); dpydd-pa v. dpyod-pa. dpyds-po offence, fault, blame 6s.; dpyds-can faulty, blamable ; dpyas- med faultless, blameless 6s. ; dpyas O dogs- pa to blame Tar.; cf. O pyd-ba. ?&' dpyi (Cs. also spyi) W. *(s)^??'*, hip ^ Lt.; dpyi-mgo 6s., dpyi-zur, dpyi-rus, hip-bone; dpyi-mig socket of the hip-bone, perh. also vulg. = hip. dpyid (cf. Phonetic Table), spring, also adv. in spring Dzl. ; cf. also dus 4; dpyid-ka, *pid-Ka* W., id., also Glr.', dpyid-zla month of spring. dpi/is, dpyis pyin-pa Sch. : to come to the last, to arrive at the end; dei rig-pa O di dpyis pyin-pa sus kyan mi ses dgons - nas Schf. : as he reflected , that no body would thoroughly understand his arguments. dpydfi-ba, perh. primitive form of dpydn-ba. ^pT dpyo-ba to change Sch. rrjr-^r dpyod-pa^ pf. and fut. dpyad, to try, to examine, nyes-pa dan ma- nyes-pamnocence and guilt, right and wrong Dzl. ; dpydd-na . . . ma rtogs-so after ever so much investigating . . . they found out nothing Dzl. ; bye -brag -tu dpydd-pa ste having now been separately examined Zam.; sa-dpydd, or ri-dpydd yzigs-pa to examine the country, or the mountains, i.e. their general features, with regard to omens and dprdl-ba 329 span-spun auspices Glr.; sai dpyad bzdn-bar ses-pa to know that this examination will turn out favourably Glr.', *rin cdd-ce* (gen. written *bcad-ce*, cf. bcod-pa extr.) W. to tax, to estimate; gon-fdn dpyad -kyis (or -pas) mi cod Glr. v. cod -pa 2; esp. in medicine: smdn-pas . . . dpyad byds-te . . . zes dpyad byds - so the physician having tried, tried thus, (pronounced the following as the result of his examination) Dzl. 9Y9, 12; sman-dpydd byed-paio treat medically, dpyad ma-la bya then the mother (not the child) must be placed under medical treat- ment Lt.; Jbrds-kyis btsun-moi sman-dpydd byed-pa to cure (the illness of) the queen with rice Dzl. ; sman-dpydd-la mKds-pa to be skilled in medical science!)^.; ca-bydd dpydd-kyi ynas instrumental therapeutics i.e. surgery S.g. ; rtog-dpyod, brtag-dpydd, examination; rtog-dpyod rdb-tu yton-ba to examine very closely Pth. ; rtog-dpyod fon examine! Mil.; bzan-dpyod examining the worth of a thing. dpyod-pa-pa, and spyod-pa-pa, Ssk. 4JV*lf an Indian sect of philosophers (the former of the two spellings seems to be more correct). rnorn* dprdl-ba (reap, ydans 6s.), *tdl- iva*, Ld. *srdl-wa*, forehead, dprdl- bai mda an arrow sticking in the forehead Glr.; dprdl-bai mig bzin-du 'like the eye of the countenance', to designate something highly valued (as the scriptural 'apple of the eye'); dprdl-bai pyogs-kyi fad drdn-na just before one in front Wdn.; fig. *tal- wa hdn-pa* W. unlucky; a luckless person. Sqq'SqOf dprul-dprul (or prul- prult}, i3 *& *tul-tul-la ton wa* C. to hang one's self. Ipags, as second part of compounds inst. of pdgs-pa, e.g. wd-lpags fox- skin, stdg-lpags tiger-skin ; sun-lpags skin, bark, peel, shell. ,, spa \. v. dpa. 2. also sba, cane (seems " to be distinguished from smyug - ma more in a popular and practical way, than scientifically) ; spa-skor hoop of a cask Schr. ; spa-lcdr Mil., spa-lcdy Mil., spa - her Pth., spa - dbyuy Lex. , walking-cane ; spa - gliii cane-flute Sch.; spa-til \\rnt, match, v. pa- til; spa- don or -Idon little cask, made of bamboo, prob. = gur-gur don-mo; *pa- bdr* C., W. torch; spa-dmyug or -smyug, cane Cs.; pa-sin Sik. strong bamboo sticks. spa -ma 1. juniper, Juniperus squa- mosa, and some other small species; cf. sug-pa. 2. cypress Sik. spdg-pa 1. v. spog-pa. 2. *fcdl- pag pdg-ce* W. to smack (in eating). 3. C., W. to dip, e.g. meat into the gravy; cf. the following. spags, resp. skyu-rum, 1. C. = zan (= *K6-lag,pdg-Ku* Ld.}, pap, esp. made of tea and 'tsampa'. 2. W. = *sa- rug* C.}, sauce, gravy, for dipping in (sops); *dam-pdg* W. mire, sludge. 3. food, dish, mess; W., C. *pag na so-so*. ^tr* span, I. also spdn-po, 1. turf, green- ^ sward, meadow, mdun-na spdn-po me- tog bkra in front a flowery meadow-ground Mil. 2. moss, also cu-span Cs. 3. bog, span-skon 1 . p.n. ('turf-ditch'), a large valley, with a lake in it, on the frontier of Ladak and Rudog. 2. span-skon pyag-rgyd-pa n. of an ancient work on religion Glr. ; span- rgyan a medicinal herb Med. ; span - can covered with turf; spdn-cu green mud Sch. ; span-ljons grassy country ; span-fan a plain covered with verdure ; span - spos Wald- heimia tridactylites, a pretty, very aromatic composite, growing on the higher alps; span-bog piece of turf, sod ; span-ma Med., Tfpej, blue vitriol; span-rtsiS.g.(t}; span-zun verdigris Sch. ; span-ri a grassy hill Mil.; span -yson a mountain-meadow Mil. II. board, plank, gen. span-leb Glr. and vulg. ; also a Slab, slate, flag Lh. ; span-sgo board or panel of a door Cs. ; span - kri Schr., *ti-pdn* Ld , *pan-ddn* Ld., book- stand. spah-ba v. spon-ba. spans, sometimes inst. of dpans. xtj" spad, only \npa-spdd father and children; " cf. the more frq. ma-smdd, Lex. '' span-spun brothers, relatives Cs. 21* 330 , rna-spdbs C. ear-wax; Lexx. also rnul- (or rdul- ?) gyi spabs w.e. spar for par 1. Sch. IFF spar-Ka, spar-Ka brgyad the pah kwah, or eight diagrams of Chinese science, ~ ~ etc. spar-ba I. sbst., also spar-mo (Ld. *^vdr-mo*^ ace. to the spelling sbar- mo) 1. the grasping hand, paw, claw, sprdn- poi spdr-mor spa-dbyug sprad he puts the staff into the beggar's grasp (hand) Lexx.; *wdr-mo gydb-ce* W., spdr-mos Jbrdd-pa to clutch, to scratch; spdr-mos O debs-pa Cs., spar byed-pa Sch., to seize with the hand, the paw, or the claws ; ydon fams-cdd spar- sad rgydb-pa Pth. to scratch the whole face ('combing it with the claws'); *sbar- ju* C. rail, for taking hold of; spar -mo O byed-pa, bsddm-pa to open, to close the hand 6s. 2. as a measure: as much as may be grasped with the hand, a handful (of wood, grass, earth etc.), *(s)pdr-ra yan* one handful, (s)pdr-ra gan do two hand- fuls etc.; spar-fsdd Ina-brgyd 500 hand- fuls S.g. ; sa spar - gdn Mil. a handful of earth. II. vb. v. spor-ba. spar -ma a low-growing shrub of very hard wood Mil.nt. (s}pi-ti Spiti, the valley, situated to the west of Lahul, watered by the Spiti river, belonging to the British Punjab, and inhabited by a race of pure Tibetans. ^TO* spin col. for speu. fspu, Ssk. ^fT^, 1- hair ( ( pilus\ cf. skra\ lus-kyi of the body in general, Lex.; mgo-spu, Jed- or ydoh-spu, mcdn-spu, O doms- spu (or spu-ndn Cs.), brdn-spu., hair of the head, the beard, arm-pits, lower-parts, chest; bd-spu the little hairs of the skin, frq.; rtd-spu horse-hair; spu O pyi or ytog the hair is plucked out Lex., byi falls off Dzl, fzob byed is singed off Sch., Idan, Ian Dzl, lon-yyo Mil., the hair bristles, stands on end; spu zin byed B., brtse Sch., *se-zin* W., a shuddering of I'ear comes over (me, him etc.) ; fams-cdd spu-zin byed-cin Pth. ; byad spits Kens- pa with a face all hairy G-lr.; spui llun-bu passage of perspiration, pore Dzl. ; spu nydg-ma tsdm-gyi ^gyod-pai sems repentance as much as one single little hair Dzl. 2. feather, byd-spu rlun-gis Kyer-ba a down (feather) blown off; feathers. plumage. Comp. spu-fca colour of horses and other hairy animals. spu-gri i. razor: also allegorically, as a title of books. 2. knife C. spu- can hairy. spu-cim(?) false hair Sch. spu-ja v. ja. spu-byi ndg- po, spu-ndgalsopu-byi, sable (furred animal) Sch. spu-ma hairy, carded (cloth). spu-me'd hairless. spu-ytsan-ma v. spus. spu-hrug short-haired Sch. spu-rdns Glr. v. pu-rdns. spue/ Lexx. n. of a precious stone Cs. Sjr spun heap, col. also for pun-po ; spuh- NS ba pf. and imp. -spuns, to heap, ac- cumulate, pile up (coals etc.); rin-cen spuns- pa a heap of precious stones Glr. s pud-pa to decorate; rgydn-gyis Lex. ^y spun 1. children of the same parents, >3 ' brothers, sisters, K6-mo-cag spunynyis we (his) two sisters Dzl. 9LP-, 17; ned spun ysum we three brothers Glr. ; /eyed bit-mo spun Ina-po you five sisters Mil.', pleon. bu spun ysum Tar.; spun yzdn-rnams his other (six elder) brothers Tar.; spun-yces dear brother! Chr. P. pd-spun, brothers and sisters of the same father; md-spun of the same mother; spun-zla, (js)pun-da, or -la 1. = spun; 2. in C. it is said to be used also for attorney, advocate; spun-ma sister, as a more particular designation of the sex. 2. in a wider sense: cousins. brothers- or sisters-in-law; grogs-spun mate, comrade ; cos-spun a brother of a religious order; pd-spun, pas-spun, several neigh- bours or inhabitants of a village, that have a common Lha, and thus have become * i rus- pa cig-cig'*, members of the same family; this common tie entails on them the duty, 331 spun-pa whenever a death takes place, ofcaring for the cremation of the dead body (cf. cos- spun) Mil. and elsewh.; mdza-spun friend Cs. 3. weft, woof in weaving. 3sTT-,q- spun-pa 1. sbst., also sbun-pa B., < 6'., sbur(-ma) Dzl., Ld., chaff, husks etc. 2. adj. a botanical term, description of the stalk of a plant Wdn. spub-pa, pi", spubs, vb. a. to Jbub-pa to turn upside down. x- spur, pur, also sku-spur, resp. for ro, 9 dead body, corpse, spur sbydns-pa C. to burn a dead body; spur-Kan house for keeping dead bodies, or rather, in most cases, the place of cremation; spur-sgam or sgrom coffin; spur-fal ashes of a dead body; spur - fsa the salt for preparing a dead body; spur -sin wood for burning a corpse. t^-q. spur-ba, vb. a. to O pur-ba, to make <3 fly, to scare up, to let fly; dus spur- ba to pass time quickly Cs. ; ston-spur ex- aggeration, bombast Cs. ST jr spus 1. goods, merchandize, ware, spus NS ltd-ba to examine goods before pur- chase Cs. ; *spus gyur-ce* W., *pu ^yur-wa* Cs. = *dal tson tan - ce*. 2. goodness, beauty, spus-can, spus-ytsdn, spus-bzdii, of fine appearance; spus-med ill-looking, un- sightly. 3. Sch.: for spos. MQ- fW speu, spiu, turret, on a castle or P3 ' *te gate yy^ ( ttog). High towers or steeples are seldom met with in Tibetan architecture; *peu gyd-can rin-mo*, mKar or Kdn-pa dgu-fog are the terms denoting such. " speg-sin Cs. : n. of part of a cart. sp6g-pa spen-tog, ornament, finery. SMT'n* spen-pa, yza-spen-pa 1. the planet Saturn; the proper meaning is said to be a broom, hence the sign for it is somewhat resembling that implement Wdk. - 2. Saturday. :_... spen-ma, spen-sin, n. of a tree, prob. tamarisk ; spen-bdd a parapet, formed of the stems of tamarisk and raised on the roofs of monasteries. xmrjT s pM ~ ba, vb. a. to O pel - ba, 1. to augment, to increase, nor the wealth Z/&c., bkra-sis the welfare ; rkan-^gros spel- ba to breed cattle Dzl. and elsewh.; *spel- gyud-la bor-ce* W. to keep cattle for breed- ing. 2. to multiply (arithm.) Wdk. - 3. to spread, to propagate (news, secrets) Dzl. and elsewh.; more emphatically: spel rgyds-par, or sgrog-par byed-pa to blaze about Sch. 4. to join, to put together, e.g. letters (almost = to spell); to mingle, to mix; spel -ma mixture, e.g. of prose and verse Cs.' ace. to Was. however, couplets, similar both as to metre and contents; com- position, combination, yser yyu spel -mat Kri a chair of gold and turkoises Pth.; spel- mai nor mixed goods 6s.; spel-gos clothes of various colours Cs.; spel-fsig Sch. : a com- bination of verses, poetry (?); spel-mar byed- a to mix Lex. spes edge, brim, border, Sch. Sr spo summit of a mountain, brag - dmar spo-mfo-nas from the height of Bragmar Mil.; rdo^rje-yddn-gyi spo-la on the top of Gaya Pth.\ spo-bo 1. (top, point =) bud Ts. 2. district to the east of Lhasa Glr. spo - to I. bullock C. 2. n. of a village in Panyul. ^" s s" spo-re v. spor. ^rq. spo - 6a, pf. and imp. spos, vb. a. to ^ O po-ba, to alter, to change; with and without ynas ( W. *sa*) : to change the place (of residence), to remove, to shift; also to transpose, transplant; min spo-ba to change the name Mil.; gos spo-ba to change one's dress ; mgo-lus v. mgo extr. ; to remove (an officer) to another station; to dismiss (a servant), W., also B. frq.; yzan micas -pa yod - na spos - pa bzan if another skilful (physician) is to be had, it will be better to dismiss (the present one); to alter, to mend, to correct W. ; spo-sa a place newly occupied by nomads Sch. spog-pa, pf. pags, fut. spaT spris-ma v. spri-ma. sprit -ma, 6s., hellebore; spru-dkdr, -nag Med. sprug-pa, pf. and imp. sprugs, *fug- pa*, W. *srug-ce* to shake, to shake off, to beat out, rdul dust; to stir up, rdul- fsub, to raise, whirl up dust; Itis sprug-sil- ba, lus sprug-sil byed-pa Glr., to shake one's self (used of horses); fig. nus mfu rtsal sprug-pa, to strain every nerve, to work with might and main Pth. ; to shake about, to stir up (synon. *srul-ce, rum-ce* W.) ; 6s. also: to rub, to scratch, to brush?? SMJ'q* sprM-ba C c ^ O prul-ba'), to juggle, to make phantoms (spri'd^pa) appear, to change, to transform (one's self), which ac- cording to the doctrines of Buddhism is the sprul-ba highest acquisition of any man, that by his own holiness has assumed divine nature, viz. as long as he is capable of acting, not having yet been absorbed into the blessed state of nothingness. This power of trans- formation on the part of the Buddhist is the evidence of what he understands by di- vine omnipotence; but as this conception is a mere product of fancy, it varies in its import. On the one hand it is opposed to reality, dnos; thus e.g. beings, whom no Buddha could convert through his personal agency, sku-dfios-kyi sgo-nas, are converted (ace. to Pth.) sprul-pai tdbs-kyis. Frequently Buddha avails himself of jugglery, rdzu- fit'd ston, converting thousands of beings in a trice, DzL &> elsewh.; further: drdg-poi sprul-pa byds-pa yin Glr., T caused ter- rifying phantoms to appear, viz. the spec- tral bodies of executed culprits, in order to scare the rude Tibetans into the way of virtue. From the foregoing it is evident that the term in question by no means conveys the scriptural idea of a creative and mira- culous power; the Tibetan, however, when he becomes acquainted with Christianity, is always apt to substitute his sprul-pa or rdzu- Q prul, and sprul-ba for it. On the other hand, a real and material existence is as often attributed to a sprul-pa, when it de- signates the incarnate and embodied per- son, the Avatara of a deity, (Mongol. Chu- bilgan), who like any human being is ca- pable of acting, and exerting an influence on the material world around him, or of suffering by it, without any docetic admix- ture. Occasionally it is also to be translat- ed by emanation: ydn-sprul, emanation of the second degree, i.e. one emanation going forth from another; nyin-sprul or ysum- sprul, an em. of the third degree Pth.; sprul- pa O gyed-pa, to let emanations go forth, Lexx. Further: spr id-pa mkyen-pa, to be an adept in the art of sprul-pa, i. e. witchcraft, Glr.; ri ynyis sprul-te produ- cing two mountains by magic, DzL ; ... mfo- ba . . . bzugs-pa sprul-nas, changing himself into a high enthroned person, DzL; dge- 337 spre sloii 7-#M, transforming himself into a friar, DzL frq. ; dud- gro fsim-par sp)*ul-ba, to satiate animals by fictitious food Dzl.\ fams- cdd sprul-par O dug-pa, these were all meta- morphoses, mocking phantoms, Glr. ; sku- liis-kyi sprul-pa brgya-rtsa-brgydd mdzdd- de or sprul-te, to centuple one's self, Glr. sprul-pai rgydl-po, the phantom-king, viz. Buddha, Avalokitesvara, or some other di- vine person, incarnate as a king; gan-la- gan- dul-gyi sprul-pa, all-converting Ava- tara, frq. v- spre, gen. sp)-eu, rarely sprel (Ld. *sreu', *J spriu*) monkey, of a grayish yellow brown, common in the forests of the southern Himalaya, (cf. spra); sometimes a distinc- tion is made between spre and spra, in which case the former is the long-tailed monkey. spre-mo, female monkey, Cs. ; yet also spreu zdr-ma, a blind female monkey, Dzl ; spre-pri'ig, young monkey. spre-rised, apish tricks; foolery. fq- spro-ba I. vb. pf. spros, prop, the tran- sitive of O pr6-ba to make go out, to disperse, to spread; gen. however intransi- tive: 1. to go out, to proceed, to spread, of rays of light, of the wind, Wdn. 2. fig. to enlarge upon, by way of explaining, repre- senting, Zam., Pth.-, ycig-las spros-pa, Was. (115), enlarging (proceeding) from the num- ber one in an ascending progression of num- bers; rndm-par spros-pa, to have come to a full development and restoration from the consequences of sins, Stg. II. 1. vb. (pf. unaltered), to feel an in- clination for, to delight in: dye-ba-la,in virtue, Dzl. ; bijd-ba ydn-la yah spro-ba cun, feel- ing little inclination for doing any thing, Tfigy. ; bsdd-par spro-ba su yan ma byun, none was found that had a mind to kill, Stg.; so also Tar.-, to be willing, to wish, Tar.', in an absolute sense: sems, or resp. fugs, spro-bar O gyi'ir-ba, to get cheerful, merry, Mil. 2. sbst. joy, cheerfulness: spro-ba skyed-pa, to feel joy, pleasure, Dzl. and elsewh.; spro-ba skye-bai pyir-du, for an encouragement, for a comfort, Glr. ; spro- sin-ba Sch., great, joy (cf. sin'); spro-siu-ge- spros-pa ba, Sch. } to one's wish(?); spro si-ba, Sc/i.. 'not to be joyful', lit. the cessation of joy; spro fun-ba, 'short cheerfulness', i.e. a passi- onate disposition; or as adj. passionate, iras- cible, Wd/i.; dga-spro, joy, dga-spro dpag- tu-med-pa fob, he got into a most cheerful humour, Mil. *to-Kdn*,C., pleasure-house, summer-house, pavilion ; spro-sems and (Ld.~) *spro-ses, sro-ses*,^oy; spro-sems, Thgy. also youthful joy, alacrity, cheerfulness in work- ing, readiness to act. sprog-ma; Sch. spds-kyi sprdg-ma, little box for frankincense. sprdg-zu v. prog. *T sprdd-pa, secondary form sprad, the vb. a. of prod-pa (by the illiterate it is often used for ytod-pa, not very current in common life) 1. to bring together, to put together, to make to meet: nai bld-ma-la sprdd-do, we will bring you together with our Lama, Mil ; so also resp ynyis zal sprdd mdzdd-pa; in another passage de dan zal-sprod-du bzugs-sin prob. means sitting exactly opposite to one another, (a whimsi- cal idea, relative to two idols many miles distant from each other; possibly it should be read ytod-du); bddg-cag sprdd-cig, bring about a meeting between our two parties! DzL; yyul or fab-mo, to commit a battle; rdl-Jca, Ma., to put the edges of the swords together, prob. meaning the same; mfeb sprdd-pa, to put the finger to the bow-string, Glr. ; *ldg-to feb-to kdl-wa*, to suspend by the thumb and big toe, a kind of torture in C. (The special meaning: to cohabit, Cs , never came to my notice). 2. to deliver (a letter, message) Pth.; spdr-mor, Idg-tu, Lex., to put into one's hand ; to set, to put, to propose, *gyugs, Idem*, a task, a riddle, W.; to pay (cf. O prod-pa"), pyir sprod-pa, to repay. Moreover: nd-sprod-pa, to ex- plain, don dan sprdd-pa seems to signify the same in Mil., Pth.', brdd-sprod-pa, to explain, to describe v. brda; brda-sprdd, ibid, seems to denote grammar. sprds-pa. 1. pf. v. spro-ba I. 2. business, employment, activity; Cs.: 22 338 5J pa l spros - pa - can, busy, employed, occupied; spros-bcas, id. ; cos-kyi and Oi )^ - rte'w - $?/?' spros-pa, spiritual and secular business'; Sch. : 'spros kun, all affairs' ; I met only with spros-pa med-pa or cod-pa, or spros-brdl, denoting the state of an absolute inactivity, such as belongs to Buddha in the state of cos-sku, (v. sku 2) Pth., Mil. pa 1. the letter^?, aspirate, the English p in pass. 2. num. figure: 14. 5j- pa I. vulgo tT5J', l^T^T, cr-pa, a -pa, (Cs. also l^J'^' a-ta) 1. father, resp. yob (yet also pa is used, e.g. when Milaraspa is addressed by his female disciples, as well as in prayers to defunct saints Mil.} 2. a male, not castrated, animal (vulg. likewise a-pa). Comp. pa-gldn bull. pa-rjes-bu, Sch., a child born after its father's death. pa-rtd, stallion. *pa- nor*, patrimony C., W. pa-spdd (Sch. also pad) \. spad; pa-spun v. spun. pa-pdg, boar. pa- md, parents, pa-md-la gus-pa, Stg.', *pa- ma-med-fcan*, W., orphan; also father or mother, parent; pa-md-ycig-pa, brothers and sisters born of the same parents. - pa-min, relations on the father's side; btsun- moi pa-min b6s-so, Glr., he invited the re- lations of his wife's father; pa (dan) mes (-po), ancestors ; pa-mes si-bai don-du, for the (defunct) ancestors, Wdn.; pa-fsdb 1. foster-father, guardian, Sch. 2. father to a country (?). pa-fsdn, Mil. 1. cousin by the father's side (patruelis) C. 2. also=/5a- spun (?). pa-yzi = *pa-nor*, C. pa-ydii, Sch., step -father; pa-yul, fatherland, native country, frq.; pa-yul-la cdgs-pa or sreg-pa, love of country. pa-yydg, yak- bull. pa-yydr, step-father, foster-father, Cs. pa-rd, he-goat, buck. II. root for the terms: beyond, onward, farther on ; pd-ga, the opposite side ; cu pa- gar fon-nas, to get to the opposite bank or shore, Mil. (not frq.). pd-gi, 1. that which is on the other side, Sch. 2. C., also Pth., Mil.: yonder; pd-gii ri de, that moun- tain yonder, Pth. 3. col. : he. pd-gir, there, thither. pd-nos=pd-rol, pd-rol-tu Lh. jjd-mfa, the other end, the other boun- dary, Cs.', pa-mfa-med, without boundary, endless, 6s. pa-^pyogs C. = pd-ga. pa- fsdd, pa-zdd, distance; pa-fsdd cig-na, at a small distance (from the town), Pth.; de- nas pa-zdd cig-na, a bit farther on, Dzl.; pa- f sad cig-tu O ton-nas, stepping a little aside, Pth. ; pa-zdd O gro-ba, to go on, Dzl. frq. pa-ri the mountain on the other side. pd-rol, in B. very frq. l.the other side; opposite side, counterparty. 2. for pd- rol-pa, -na, -tu v. below; pd-rol-tu, over to the other side, skyel-ba, to carry, pyin- pa, to get to the other side, esp. in re- ference to the Mahayana doctrine of crossing the stream of time to the shore of rest, of Nirwana; gen. as sbst.= TJTTf'TTn: means of crossing (Was. perfections, Kdpp. cardinal- virtues); gen. six of them are reckoned: sbyin-pa, fsiil-Krims, bzod-pa, brtson- grus, bsam-ytdn, ses-rdb; sometimes only five, at other times even ten, by adding fobs, smon- lam, stobs, ye-ses', sbyin-pai, ses-rdb-kyi pd- rol-tu pyin-pa, to have stepped over or crossed by means of beneficence, wisdom etc. (or more naturally: to have got to the end of beneficence etc., to have fully achieved, accomplished it; sbst. the full accomplish- ment of etc.). pd-rol- na, adv., on the other side; postp. e. gen. beyond, behind, with regard to space, Sambh.; extending pd-gu 339 P a 9 beyond, both as to the future and the past, e. g. bskdl-pa grdns-med-pai pd-rol-na, in- numerable Kalpas ago, frq.; pd-rol-pa, l. one living on the other side. 2. also po, enemy, adversary, pd-rol-pai rgydl-po, pd- rol-pai dmag, pd-rol-gyi dmag-fsogs, the hostile king, hostile army; pd-rol ynon-pa, to vanquish the enemy; pd-rol-gyis mi fsugs-par ^yur-ba, not to be molested by the enemy. 3. also po, the other; the neigh- bour; pd-rol-gyi Un-pa, to take away the neighbour's property; pd-rol-gyi rdzas, yo- bydd,nor,Stg.; patrol ynon-pa, Tar. 12,20: excelling others, Sclif. exceedingly. Of. also par and pan II. w pd-gu, Sch. wall; edge, border; in two NO passages of Glr. the latter meaning does not suit at all, and the former not well; rather: tile; v. pag. . pd-tin , W. , sweet dried apricots, in C. *na-ri-Kdm-bu*, in Hind. ^L^>, in Russia bokhari, bokharki, also "called Persian fruit, much exported from Balti, Kabul, and other countries of western Asia. pa-til, pa -til (Ar. Kly3) W., lunt, match; *dug-ce*, to light (a match). ff pa-ba-dgo-dgo, puff-ball, bull- fist (a kind of fungus) Wdn. pa-boil, Glr. and elsewh., C., pa- Jn Pth., Bal, pa-Ion, Ld., a large rock or block, above ground. pa-wan, 1. bat (animal) Lt., Thgr., C.; *po-lon-hel-kyi, pa-wan-an-kye, -nr-Kyi*, W., ''pa-wan-fdr*, Sik., id.(= bya- wan). 2. rdo pa-wan, Ssk. salagrama, am- monite. 5^"^" pd-ra, 1. breeding-buck. 2.v.pdr-ba. r*'Tr' pa-ran, 1. also pe-rdn, *pi-lm*, C., Feringhi, European. 2. vulg. venereal disease. 5j.^. pa-ri l.Lh., acoarse covering or carpet. - 2. a mountain on the other side. pd-la Ssk., fruit, Lt. a-ldm, rdo-rje-pa-ldm, diamond./.'. pa-li, shield, buckler. pa-sodsedjug, he changes colour, turns pale, with consternation, Ld. pag, I. v. pag. II. in B. gen. ^ojr- pa, swine, hog, pig (introduced into 6'. from China, and largely consumed; in W. somewhat known from India, *ri-pag and lun-pag* being distinguished as the wild boar and the tame hog); pdg-pai sna, Glr.', rus-pa, Med. ; bcud(?} Lt. ; pdg-gi ydon, a pig's face, Sambh.; pd-pag, not castrated, po-pag, castrated boar; mo -pag, sow. - pdg-Kyu, herd of swine. pdg-mgo, 1 . boar's head (a valued protective against demons, it being hid in the ground under the thresh- old of the door). 2. S.g. fol. 26, it seems to be a mineral used in medicine. pag- rgod, wild boar. pag-mce, tusks of a boar. pag-fuh, Sch.: a large boar(?). pag-prug, young pig. pdg-ma, Sch., gelded hog. pdg-mo, 1. sow. 2. a goddess v. rdo-rje. pag-fsdn, pig-sty. pag- fsil, hog's lard; bacon. pag-fsogs = pag- li'yu. pag-rdzi, swine-herd. pag-ze, hog's bristle, Wdn. pag-yar-ma, Sch., the fattening of pigs(?) pag-ril, pig's muck(?) Lt. pag-sa, pork. III. (Cs.pdg-ma\ something hidden; con- cealment: pdg-na mi yod-pa, a man con- cealed behind, Dzl, pag -gam g*u zig-tu, in a corner, in obscurity, Dzl.; *fsd-big pdg-la yod*, it is somewhat hidden, cannot be seen well (from this place), Ld.; * pdg- la zd-ce*, to eat (dainties) by stealth, W.; nyi-ma nipdg-tu ^ro, Thgy., the sun hides himself behind the mountain; sgo-pdg-nas bltds-pas, to watch, spy, lurk behind the door, Glr., v. also ojdb, pa; pag nyan tdn- ce W., to listen. *pag-ste*, W. ('a hidden paring-axe' v. ste-po) plane; *pag-ste gydb- ce, fjud-ce, srub-ce*, to plane. pag-fsdn^ smuggling, co-ce, to smuggle, W. *tdn-Kan*, smuggler, W. p'dg-ra, parapet. pag- rdgs, rampart, intrenchment. pag-ldm, secret path (of smugglers). *pag-sug*, bribery, C., W.', *pag-sug tdn-ce*, to bribe; zd-ce, to accept a bribe, W. 340 p'ag-pdg pun-pa pag-pdg, the name given in Pur. toCodonopsis ovata, the thick roots of which plant are cooked like turnips or ground and baked; v. klu-mdud. _, . pan I. O pah (pan - ma , pan - bu Cs ) spindle; pan -16, l.the whirl of the spindle. 2. sih-rtai pan-lo, waggon wheel. Dzl. II. v. pan. pan- gro, Sch., the belly or body of a stringed instrument. ,_._. pdn-ba, pans-pa (Glr. also potis-pa, prov.) to save, to spare, to use economy: srog to spare one's life; mi-pdns-te or -par e.g. O bul-ba, to give largely, not sparingly; pdn-sems, thrift! ness: p'dn-sems-an, thrifty, frugal; *pah-sem co-ce* , W., to be thrifty, frugal. SJC'SJ* pdn-ma, a medicinal plant, Med. pan-med, stated to be = 'rin-med, Ts. pan-lo v. pan I. , vertebra(P) ! v - bebs-pa. II. Sch. : to fall down (?). P aos ) ! dry barm (prepared for inst. in Balti, is said to consist of flour, mixed with some ginger and aconite). 2. lees, yeast (of beer). 5J5TJ" pdm-pa v. O pdm-pa. 5JQ/ pau v. pag. ^. par I. sbst. interest (of money), W.: *nul-lapar kdl-ce*, to impose, demand interest, *cdl-ce*, to pay interest; exchange, agio. II. in later writings and col. for pall.', also for pan- cad, pa-zdd: farther; par O gro- ba, to go on ; par O kydm-pa, to roam far- ther and farther, Thgy.; *pdr-tsam*, C., = var\ par O gro fsur O gro-ba-rnams, people going, travelling, hither and thither; away, off: di-nas par, away from here; par mi mcio, I do not go away, Dzl. 33, 6 (Sch. erron. 'to the father'); P ar bzud, go away!; . . . la par Ita-ba, to look (in a certain di- rection) Mil, away from one's self, as opp. to: ran-rig-sems-la fsur ltd-ba, to look into one's own heart Mil.; glu pdr-cig fsur-cig len-pa, alternative song, Mil. ; pdr-slob fsur- slob yin, they are mutually scholars one of the other, Tar. ; par ycig Idb-na fsur ynyis rgol, if you say one word 'towards her', she gives you smartly a double charge back, Mil. ; par-fsur-la, W. also = *so-sor, in Op- posite directions; *par-fsur-la co-ce* to se- parate vb. a.; *()o-ce*, to separate vb. n. Comp. ]>dr-ka, Thgy. pdr-ka pd-rol, the opposite side (of a valley &.) vulgo frq. pdr-nos, id., cut par- fsur -gyi-lam. par-pyin abbreviation for pd-rol-tu pyin- pa v. pd-rol, pa II. Mil. *pdr-tsam*, C., = pa-zdd. par- dzug and tsur-rgol prob. == snd-rool and pyi-rgol. par-zdd = pa-zdd. par -la, \.=par, away, on- ward, Schr. 2. = pd-rol-tu, na, esp. with regard to time : vulgo lo ycig par-la, after one year; W. esp. after the gerund in nas: *zan zos-ne par-la*, after dinner. par- lam, way or journey thither, Sp. ni f. pur-fat I- l.wild dog (barks, and commits its ravages like the wolf, yet being afraid of man) in I^d. 2. wolf C., also par-spydn. II. v. O pdr-ba. T par-rdzds, Sch., an old heir-loom. P a ^-> !? Ld. 1. *pal cos-se (or te) dug*, step aside! make way! 2. *pal-pdl cd-ce*, to feel flattered. II. v. the following. gram- pdl-pa, usual, common; pal-pai min, his usual (common) name, Thgr.; pdl-pa-las pags-par bzdn-ba, a more than ordinary beauty Dzl.; mi or gan-zdg pal- pa, common people, Mil.', fson-pdl-rnams bor-ro, they left the common tradespeople behind, Dzl.; pdl-pai rdzas v. jdl-ba; sin pal rnams, common trees, Mil.; snod pdl- pa, common vessels, Mil. ; pal, the com- mon people; pdl-gyi ndh-na j-nds-pa, to live among the people Dzl.;pdl-gyis rgyab- nas ded pdl-gyis bskor-te, the people run- ning after and crowding round him, Ptli.; *pdl - (pai) s/cad*, 1 . W. the language of common life, opp. to *?6s-skad*, book-Ian- 342 pal-can guage (C. *dl-ke'*). 2. Sch.: rough-copy, waste-book ;pdl-po- (6s. also -mo} ce, a host, a troop ; mi-rgod pal-po-ce zig, a troop or set of monsters (v. rgod-pa II.) ; gen. like 01 nollni, the mass of the people, majo- rity, great part or number; pal-ce-ba id. pal-cen, a philosophers' school, called Ma- hasanghika. pal - cer, manifold, for the most part, ordinarily, also = universally ; pal- cer co-nes O degs-so, they raised a general lamentation Dzl. gp.. . pdl - can W., broad, wide, e.g. a 1 broad valley; pal-mecL narrow. *t- pas, instrum. of pa, I. by the father; v. also pas-spun, sub spun. II. of the opposite side, of the counter-party, e.g. pas rgol-ba. . pi,, 1. num. figure 44. 2. W. for pyi, pi-pa for pyi-pa. Ij'TK' pi-Jcer (Urdu J&, Ar. reflexion) W. *can pi-ker med* = can mi sto it is no mat- ter, it makes no difference. " pi-lin v. under rgya. pig-pig, a kind of jelly 6'. jgk-. pin, Sch.: 1. earthen -ware pitcher. 2. cup, cupping-glass. 3. W.: *sgo- pin*, door-hinge. Pin-pa v. f C^'; /w--6, *pr-ce* W. to fall down. 51" jew numerical figure: 74. jtw, I. sbst. 1. the upper part of an as- ^ cending valley or ravine ; pu bar mdo (or mda), the upper, middle, and lower part of such a valley; pu- cu, mountain-tor- rent, frq.; pur ma O gro, pu yd-gir ma O gro, Glr., do not go to the upper part of the valley; pu-lhdg$, higher situated and colder places or districts, opp. to rgya-sod, lower and milder parts. The not unfrequent phrase: pu-fdg ycdd-pa or cod -pa was traced by our Lama to its original mean- ing: the upper part of the valley is shut up (with snow etc.), which is now used in a general sense; Krul-bai pu-fdg cod, Mil., prob. shut out all error, prevent every mis- take \pu-fag-cod-lugs-kyi cossig. Mil. seems to be an instruction for making a decision; na rgds-pa dan sems kyi pu-fdg cod-pas ^ro-ba mi yon-bar O dug, prob.: I being old and my spiritual affairs settled (not call- ing for further improvement), shall prob- ably not travel any more (to India; but you may do so) Mil. cf. pu,gs. pii-pa, the inhabitant of an elevated valley. Fig. : pu yyo mda dkrug, there is agitation above and below, the higher and the lower fa- culties of the mind are troubled, excited, Mil. 2. prop. n. Pu, e. g. a village in Upper Kunawar, missionary station of the Church of the United Brethren. 3. vulgo the spirit or gaseous element of liquors, caus- ing them to foam, effervesce or explode, cf. dbugs; perh. to be referred to no. II. II. interjection and imitative sound: pu O debs-pa Glr., *pu gydb-ce* W., to make pooh, to blow, to puff, to inflate; pu skon, pun it up (the skin etc.), lit.: fill it with pooh! pus, w r ith the breath; fas O debs-pa Sch. to blow, howl, cry(?); sna-rtsa-pu, n. of a disease, /.'. pu-duh, also pu-fun Glr., pu-rufi Cs., sleeve; *pu-rdzus* C. (false slee- ves), pu-dun- (or -fun-} rtse (sleeve-edges) hand-ruffles; mittens, cuffs (to keep the wrist warm). pu-dud, honour, respect, esteem; pu- dud-du byed-pa, Glr., pud-du fa'ir- ba, S.g., to show honour, respect. pu-ba, pf. of O bud-pa, to blow , col. used for the latter. pu-bo, po-bo, {Sch. also pun), a man's eloper brother: pu-nu, the elder and the younger, i. e. the two brothers; also the elder and the younger sons (for examples refer to tsan-ddii)\ in the passage of Dzl. 3sS, 14, nu ought to be canceled, and pu-nu -mo, V^S, 6. 9. should be translated by sister-in-law. pu+ grds, Sch., the elder brothers, dub. 343 P u ~ ron Pth~> pug-ron, (*pur-gon* vulg.) pigeon; pu-ron-gyi Kyu Pth.; pug-skyd Sch. of a light blue colour, like pigeons. 5J*OJ* 5fo|* pu-la, po-la Ld. (from the Turkish), pilaw, a dish of boil- ed rice, with butter and dried apricots. " pv-^d hoopoe. u-se, mouse, souslik and similar ro- dent quadrupeds (cf. bra). P U 9> 1- =pugs. 2. = sbugs, pug-pa\ Igdh-pug-gait, the bladder, in reference to its capaciousness, S.g.; mje pug-tu nub, the penis recedes into its cavity, Wdn.; the eye of a needle, Lt. 3. pf. and imp. of Jbug-pa. 4 = pub Schr. 5. for pug- ron , q.v. * P u 9~P a > cavern; brag-pug, rock-ca- vern, grotto; gad-pug, cavern in a steep river-bank, or in conglomerate ; dben- pug, the solitary cavern of an anchorite, Ma.; p'ug -pa-pa, n. of an astronomer of the 15th. century, v. pdd-ma; pug-rtsis, and likewise pug -lugs Wdn., his calcula- tions. pug-ron v. pu-ron. -se-le (?) W., hoopoe; perh. = p'u-sud, which occa- sionally is also spelled pu-ysud > (cognate topu; also O bug- and sbugs), end, termination; pug-mda-fug-pai lon-ka, the entrails, the beginning and end of which lie close to- gether, Mil. (mda, v. under pu) ; innermost part, an innermost apartment, = sbuys; pugs- kyi nor \. sgo init. ; perh. also piig-gi spa- rim ltd-bu Glr. 45, 4 may be referable to this meaning, sems-kyi pugs- fag cod-pas bde, happy (am I), because the final aim of my mind is deeded and settled, Mil, evidently = pu-fag cod-pa, the former being perh. etymologically more correct. Simi- larly: bu fse O dii bio -pugs cos -la ytod-cig Mil, may the boy direct the aim of his mind for this life unto religion! Time to come, futurity, (opp. to O pral, the present moment); pugs-su, pugs-na, hereafter, at last, ultimately (Sch. always?); pugs-ci O dra cig ^o/i, how will it end? what will be the final issue? Glr. puys-ta, pogs-ta, pogs-ta, W. (Pers. aJjJ^), firm, strong, durable; pugs- ta btsems, sew it well (so that it will hold) ! pun-pa v. pun-pa. P u "~Pi 1- heap; pun-por spun-ba, Lex. also bcer-ba, to gather into a heap; nds-pun, rtsd-pun, lud-pun, sd-pun, a heap of barley, hay, dung, earth; mass, me-mur-gyi puii-po, a glowing mass, a mass of fire; sprin-puii, clouds, a gathering of clouds Glr.; ynyer-mai puh-po (the skin becomes) a heap of wrinkles, Tligy.', the body is called mi-ytsdn-ba mdm-pa sna- fsogs-kyi p'un-po, dug ysum-gyi pun-po, jig- pai pun-po, zin-pai pun-po, Thgy.', accu- mulation, mass, bsod-nams-kyi, cos-kyi, e.g. cos-kyi pun-po L^ 000 , the whole mass of the b4 000 religious lectures of Buddha (!) Mil. 2. In metaphysics: ^fft}, the SO- called five aggregates (6s.) or elements of being, viz. yzugs, fsor-ba, O du-ses, O du-byed, rnam-ses, (v. Kopp. I. 602, and esp. Burn. I. 475 and 511), which in the physical pro- cess of conception unite, so as to form a human individual or the body of a man, (pun-po Ina-las grub-pai lus Wdn.} which by some of the later and more popular wri- ters is itself called pun-po. So this word, as being synonymous to lus, has found its way into the language of the people, and not in a low sense, in as much as one of our Christian converts used the expression : ye-sui pun-po dur-Kun-ne zens. 3. Symb. num. for 5. Sp'^T puh-ba v. Q^Sp'q* O puii-ba. *s* pud, sbst. I. (v. O pud-pa, pf. pud\ a ^ thing set apart, used particularly of the first-fruits of the field, as a meat- or drink-offering, in various applications : zas- caii- P er h. also crow ; cf - Kwd-ta-, po-rog-mig, medicinal herb, , spar p 6-la, pu-la W., v. po-la. o-ldd W. steel, Pen. oL ' po-lo-lin W. peppermint. po-lon-mdud Mil a kind of knot, complicated, and of ma- gic virtue. po-kn-hel-kyi etc. v. pa-wdh. . haughtiness, pride; *po-so co- ce*, to demean one's self haughtily, W.\ *po-so-can*, proud, haughty, puffed up; 'kd-po Mil. bragging about things, which in reality one is not able to do; po-fsod, prob. the same asjoo-so, Mil.: po-fsod innon- ses ma O cad cig, do not boast of prophetic sight. "jfim-pog, 1. Wts. beam, rafter; Sch.: 'the prin- ' cipal beam of the roof. 2. v. O poy-pa and Jbog-pa. Jqm^-pogs, wages, pay, salary; lo-,zla-,nyin- pogs annual, monthly salary, daily wages; dnul-pogs, smdr-pogs, 6s., payment in money; zon-pogs Cs. payment in goods. 2. providing for another person in natural pro- duce, even without any service being done in return, e.g. the maintenance of Lamas; pogs-dod, maintenance by an allowance of money (in exceptional cases). 2^" pon,v. pdn-ba\p6n-baG-lr. for pan-ba. P s ~P a ( cf - cP'ons-pa') 1. poor, needy; sems-can nyam-t'dg-pons- dgu, the poor and miserable creatures, Glr. ; sdiig-pons-pa, id. %., C. 2. poverty. f^* pod, skdr-wia pod, 6s., Sch., comet. zxs-m- pod-Ka, masquerade garment with long sleeves. 2J^"T pod-pa , 1 . to be able, esp. in a moral ' sense, to prevail on one's self, Jbral- mi pod-pa Itar yod-na yan, although he was scarcely able to part with . . . Glr. ; O di ni mi pod-do, that I cannot do (moral im- possibility) DzL- Ita mi pod, I cannot bear to see that, DzL; to be able to resist: zas zim gos bzan su - yis pod who can resist good food and fine clothes? hence pod- pa-can, Cs., bold, daring; *pod-cun-se*, W. timid, cowardly. 2. to come up to, to be nearly equal in worth, with fsam(-la): dei bsod-nams fsam-la pod it is nearly of equal merit as ... DzL pon(j-po) Glr. and elsewh., pob- pon Cs. , pon-po(n), pon-to, pod- pod, W., 1. bundle, truss, of hay, straw, reeds; sheaf. 6'. 2. bunch, wisp, cluster, umbel, W.; tuft, tassel; ddr-pon, skud-pon, Cs. ZQQt' pob v. O bebs-y:>a. r-pa C., B. ( W. *ko~re*, resp. *don- kyog*}, bowl, dish, drinking-cup, ge- nerally made of wood and carried in the bosom, to have it always ready for use; cups made of other materials are called Icdgs-p'or, dnul-por, yser-por, and a glass tumbler sel-por. The word is also applied to vessels used for other purposes : spyin- por, glue-pot, pog-por, perfuming-pan. - por-pyis, cloth for wiping the cup ; por-kug, id.(?); por-sug(subs?), the pocket or fold in the coat for receiving the cup, C. l&q' pol, W. 1. blister caused by burning, pol-mig, a bad sore, ulcer, abscess, 6'., W. 2. T%y., a kind of fungus (mould). pos, 1. v. O bo-ba. 2. v. sa. f i/a, lot, pya debs -pa to cast lots s.; lot, fortune Cs.,pya brtdg-pa to judge of lots or fortune 6s. ; prognostic Sch., pya-bzdn, -nan good, bad fortune or prognostics 6s.; nw-pya, Kyim-pya prog- nostics relative to property, family etc., in drawing lots or playing at dice; pya (daii) yyan lot (good luck) and blessing, pya dan yyan Q g>'ig-pa to call forth good luck and blessing, to secure it by enchantment Glr., rgya-ndg-gipya-yydn nydms-pas as China's fortune and welfare were prejudiced Glr. ; pyd-mKan fortune-teller 6s., but v. also the next article. pyd-mKan, 1. = rdzd-mKan, potter. 2. v. the foregoing. pya- can Lt.f pya-la-le-ba, Sch., coarse, rude, negligent, disorderly (?). pyd-ra, curtain before a door, Sckr. Sch. pyag, 1. resp. for lag, hand; bcom- ldan- dds-kyis pyag sd-la brdebs, Bud- dha struck with his hand on the earth, Dzl. ; pyag brgydn-ba, to stretch forth one's hand, Sch. ; with la it denotes also the imposition of hands as a holy ceremony , W. : *cay yyan sdl-ce*. 2. bow, compliment, re- verence: pyag ddn-po-la, whilst making the first bow, Glr.; also compliment in letters: . . . la pyag grans-med beans, with a thou- sand compliments to ... (a Lama even of a higher order concluded his letter to a nobleman with 10000 compliments to him as the head of the family, and then to the rest according to rank and age in a des- cending line with 1000, 100 etc.); therefore pyag byed-pa (eleg. gyid-pa; resp. mdzdd- pa, when e.g. a king is addressed by a Lama, Pth."), in Balti *pyag byd-ca* W. gen. *cay pul-ce or co-ce, resp. jal-cag co- ce*, to salute, to pay one's respects, with 347 la, e.g. ministers waiting on the king, Glr. ; *cdg-ga yon*, he comes to pay his respects, W.; pyag dan skor-ba byed-pa^ to make bows and circumitions,/S v <7. ; with or without a preceding pyi (vulg. O fon), to take leave, to bid adieu, B. and vulgo (cf. pyi below), *de-ne cag pul yin*, W. , so then I shall take my leave now. pyag O fsdl-ba, pf. btsal, imp. fsol, to make a very low rever- ence, the head almost touching the ground; more at large: yzdn-gyi zdbs-la mgo-bos pyag O fsdl-ba, esp. in use before Lamas and kings ; in the introductions of books, also, the authors generally address both deities and readers with the phrase: pyag O fsdl- lo. 3. impurity, dirt(?); v. some of the following compounds and also O p'ydg-pa. 4. sometimes for cag. Com p. pyag-mKdr resp. for mJcar-ba staff. pyag-Jiur W. = pyag-rten. pyag- gon the back of the hand 6s. pyag-i'gyd (W) L res P- for r 9 l J a C 1 -) sea| ; pyag^ffy** O debs-pa to seal, to confirm by a seal, v. rgya I. This meaning is at present hardly any longer known, but only: 2. gesture, the manner in which the hand and fingers are held by Buddha, by stage -players, Lamas or saints etc , when performing re- ligious ceremonies or sorceries ; pyag-rgyds mndn-pa to overcome evil spirits by such gesticulations Dom., O grol-ba to set them free, by dissolving the charm Pth. There is a great number of these gesticulations. pyag-rgya-cen-po is said to be a figurative designation of theUma-doctrine. (The other meanings given by 6's. and Sch. are rather uncertain.) pyag-ndr wrist 6s., yet v. war I. pyag - ca Sch. 'wrought by the hand; an implement', resp. for lag-ca, v. ca III. extr. ; pyag - cds attributes, carried in the hand, in performing religious dances, cf. pyag - mfsdn. pyag - cab water for washing the hands and the face. pyag- mcdd Mil. for pyag dan m cod-pa byed-pa. pyag-snyigs Lexx. = pyag-ddr. pyag- rtdgs 1. resp. for lag-rtdgs sign of the hand, impression of a blackened finger in the place of a seal. 2. = pyag-rten (?). py 348 pyag pyi rten B. and col. a present of welcome, frq., a present in general, also a fee Glr. ; pyag- rten rgya - cen immense presents Glr. pyag-mfil resp. palm of the hand. pyag- mfeb resp. thumb. pyag-ddr sweepings, dust, rubbish; pyag-ddr byed-pa Dzl. and e\sewh.,pydg-pa Lex., *gydb-ce* W. to sweep, to clean ; pyag-dar-pa a sweeper Dzl.; p'yag- ddr-gyi pun-po, pyag-dar-Kr6d dust-heap; pyag-dar-Krod-kyi cos-gos or nd-bza vest- ment or cowl of a mendicant friar, which according to the rules of his order is to be patched up of rags gathered from heaps of rubbish Burn. I, 305. (The explanation given by Sch. seems to rest on mere hy- pothesis.) pyag-na-rdo-rje, p f yag-rdor v. rdo-r)e- can. pyag-dpe resp. for dpe-ca v. dpe 3. pyag-dpun resp. for arm. pydg-pyi attendant, man-servant = zabs-pyi; pydg-pyi byed-pa to be a servant; pydg- pyi-la orpyag-pyir Jbren-ba to be a follower (of a Lama); collect, train of servants, retinue. pyag-pyis resp. towel. fyag- bris resp. 1. hand - writing, manuscript. 2. drawing Glr. 3. letter W., brtse-bai pyag- bris your kind letter, your friendly cor- respondence. pyag-Jbulre$\>. gift, present. pyag-sbdlCs. resp. = pyag-gon; Sch. pyag-sbdl-du bcug-pa to hold one's hand ready for taking or receiving, v. sbal. pyag-smdn 1. resp. for sman C. 2. = pyag- rten W. pyag-ma broom, duster, mop 6'., Lexx. pya- pyi ( W. *pi*) I. behind adv. : pyi-bkan- ^ du nydl-ba Sch., to lie on one's back; pyi-gros-su gye-ba, Glr.; *ci-do gydb-pa* C., to retreat, to recede, with the back in advance; pyi lus-pa, to lag behind; pyi- rtin Sch., heel; pyi-sder, Sch. the spur of birds \pyi-na, Cs.; behind \pyi-nas, Cs., from behind ; *pi-nur-la* or * pi-log-la dvl-ce*, to walk backward, W. ; pyi-ynon yon, pursuing he comes rapidly near, Mil. ; pyi mig Itd- ba, to look round (back), Glr. } pyi mig ma ltd -bar, without looking round; pyi mig cig yzigs-pas, resp. just looking round (back), Mil; *pi (mig) Ug-te ltd-ce* W. id. pyi-pyir, behind, following, e.g. pyi 349 PU* O gro-ba, to walk behind or after another person, Pth. pyi Jbrdn Lex. (also mcis- brdn), spouse, wife. pyi-ma, the poste- rior Schr. (?) pyi-bzin adv. and postp., after; O gr6-ba, Jbrdn -ba, frq. ; ri-dags-kyi pyi-bzin rgyiig-pa, to pursue game, deer; pyir-bzin, id.; pyi-la, later lit. and 6'., id.; . . . kyi pyi-bzin pyin-pa, ^dn-ba, O yro-ba, to go after; v. also pyir and pyis. II. after; adv.: ma-pyi, sooner and la- ter; also adj.: the former, the latter; the earlier, the later; Q di-pyi sc. fse, the pre- sent and the future life; frq.; dus pyi zig- na, at a later period, some time afterwards Dzl.; del pyi nyin on the following day Dzl.; nyi-ma del pyi de nyin Icd-na, id., Tar. pyi -dgra v. dgra. pyi- cad pyin-cad q.v. pyi-fog W., the later part of the afternoon. pyi-dro, pyi-ro (also Mil.) W., gen. *pi-fog, pi-ro* id., also even- ing. pyi-nas, in future, in time to come, Mil. pyi-pred Tar.: nyi-ma pyi-pred- kyi bar-du Schf., until sunset; Schr.: even- ing. pyi-pydg byed-pa, to greet for the last time, to bid farewell, to take leave. pyi-ma adj.: later, subsequent, following, snd-ma ma su pyi-ma zd-ba, not having digested the first (meal), to eat (consecu- tive) additional quantities Lt.; pyi-ma pyi- ma, each following one, every one conse- cutive in a series, S.y. and elsewh.; nydl- bai pyi-ma, the last going to bed, Mil.', pyi-ma-rnams, the later ones, the moderns, frq. pyi-mo adj. late, da (nyi-ma} pyi- mor son dug-pas, it having grown late (in the day) Mil; *'i go pi-mo pe dug*, this door is not opened until later (in the day), W. *pi-mo c6(s}-Kan-ni td-gir*, the last baked, newest bread, W. pyi-rabs, the later generation, posterity. Cf. pyin, pyis. III. outside, pyii ziii, the field outside, as a third part of the property, exclusive of cattle and money (cf. syo init.); pyii so- nam, husbandry, farming Glr.; pyii-rgya- mfso, the outer sea, the ocean, Glr.; pyii mi Dzl. (Ms.), people from abroad, other, strange people, not belonging to the family, myron-nam pyi-mi-day ^dns-na, if (when) guests or strangers come, DzL; pyi-na, out of doors, abroad; pyi-nus, from without, from abroad; pyi-ru, pyir, out (proceeding from the interior of a place to the exterior), less frq., v. pyi-rol; pyi-la, id., B. and C. frq. - pyi-tfyoy Sch.: with knees bent out- ward. pyi-gliu v. rgya-pi-lin under ryya comp. ; pyi-dgrd v. dgra. - *pi-(s)ta-la and -ru*. W. for pyi-rol-na etc.; *pi-sta-la cd-ce*, euphemist. for 'going to the water- closet'. pyi-ndn, the outside and inside, *pi naii I6y-ce*, W., bsgyiir-ba, Schr. to turn inside out, e.g. a bag; Icdys-kyi syrom- la-soys-pa syrom pyi nan rim-pa bdun tsam, an iron box (coffin) and moreover a series of 7 boxes one within the other Tar. 28; pyi nan ynyis-ka smin-pa, ripe both as to the outside and inside, Dzl.', pyi nan ytsan, pure as to thought and action. With re- spect to religion, this expression generally denotes the difference between Non-Bud- dhism or in a more limited sense Brah- manism and Buddhism; frequently ysan is added as a third item, being explained by: pyi lus nan nay )'sdii-ba yid, which explanation however is insufficient, e.g. in the passage : cos pyi nan ysa/i Pth., in which moreover merely a classification within the Buddhist religion seems to be spoken of. Political distinctions are made in Glr.: pyi nan bar ysum-yyi byd-ba byed-pai blon-po, yet without sufficiently elucidating the sub- ject. The terms pyi Ita and nan Ita, Glr. fol. 89, as well as pyi ltdr-du and nan ltdr-du, Pth. p. 10 I am at a loss to ex- plain. pyi-pa \ . B. and col. a Non-Bud- dhist, more particularly a Brahmanist, also for pyi-pai cos, the doctrine of Brahma pyi-pa-la dga Glr. 2. Chr. Prot.: heathen, one that is neither a jew nor a Christian. - pyi-yul 1. Sen. foreign country. ?. pyi sndn-bai yul, the external world, opp. to: ndn-yi sems, Mil. pyi-rol, 1. the outside, mdl - gyi pyi - rol, the outside of the bed, Glr.; pyi-rol-na, -tu, -nas, in B. gen. for pyi-na, -ru, -nas; adv. outside, out of doors, out, from without; postp. on the out- side before (the door), (he was turned) out 350 of (the house), (he comes) from without (the village), frq.; *pi-log* W. id.; *cdg-ri pi-log la*, outside before the (garden) wall. 2. mystic: ydon bgegs pyi-rol-tu Q dzin-pa, to believe goblins and demons to be really existing in the outer world Mil. pyi-sa, excrements S.g. ; the supposed food of cer- tain demons Tligy. pyi-lha ? IV. pyi-la, on account of, v. pyir. pyi-lciig, Cs.; a blow with the side of the hand. pyi-fdn, threat, menace, Mil.nt. pyi - bddr (or brdar} byed-pa, to clean, to cleanse Dzl. and elsewh. ; bydd- kyi pyi-bddr bsol-nas kyait though you do not wash your face Mil. 5>.*x- pyi-pur, a kind of ornament, similar to pan. ft.q. pyi-ba S.g., O pyi-ba Lt., 1. the large marmot of the highlands of Asia, Arc- tomys Boibak. 2. v. O byi-ba. Zrgr pyi-mo, I. col. *a-pyi, a-pi*, grand- T mother, Cs. II. \.pyi II. 5*-q- Pur. *pyih-pa*; Ld., Lh. *piii-pa*, elsewh. cin-pa, felt, O ded-pa, to make felt, to mill, to full Sch.; pyin -gur, felt- tent, a Tartar hut; pyin-stdn, felt-carpet, felt-covering ; pyin-deb Sch. : a wrapper or cover made of felt. r- pyid = pyi, after, following ]pyid-nyin, ^ ' the day after to-morrow, Cs. pyid-pa I. (\.pyi ni f.) to retard, prolong, maintain, with fse: to main- tain one's life, to earn a livelihood, W. e.g. *gdr-ra co-te* or * cos-si ndn-ne fsepid-ce*, to maintain one's self as a smith, or by religion, (being a Lama). II. to freeze, *kdn-pa pid-soh*, the foot is frozen, suffer- ing from chilblains; *mig pid son*, the eyes are inflamed, snow-blind, W. (G 1 . *&''*). III. v. O pyid; byid. ftr- pyin for pyi, in certain phrases: 1. y" pyin-cdd, -cad, later, afterwards, pyin- cdd sdom, bound over for the time to come, e.g. not to do a thing again ; da pyin-cdd, from the present moment, from henceforth, frq.; O di pyin, id.; de pyin-cdd, rarely de pyin-nas, Tar. 57, 2 since, since that time, ever since. 2. outside, pyin rtsig-pa med- de as there was no wall outside Glr.; pyin- dgrd a foreign enemy Glr. ; pyin-las out- ward business, foreign affairs Z);z. Pyin-ti-ty, anything wrong, in- correct, deceptive, fallacious; per- versity; pyin-ci-loy-gis bsldd-de corrupt, de- praved by perversity Dzl. ; pyin-ci ma log- pao it is infallible (of a spell), synon. to bden- pa ; ltd-ba pyin-ci ma log-pa correct view, opinion Pth. ; pyin-ci-log-tu ston-pa to teach a false doctrine; bio pyin-ci ma log-par, with a never erring mind Mil. Stercj" pyi n -p<*> I- B-, C. *cin-pa*, Sp. *pin- pa*, little used in W.: 1. to come, to get to, advance, arrive; lam pyed tsdm- du, having got about midway, Dzl.; der pyin-pa daft, frq.; cuprdg-pa tsdm-dupyin- to, the water reached up to his shoulders, Dzl.; *pin-na* Sp., is he arrived? sbyin- pai pa - rol pyin , that goes farther than alms-giving, surpasses it, Glr.: dpag-fsdd Inar pyin-pa, to be five miles in length, Dzl. 2. to go, to proceed, snon-la pyin- pa, Pth.; ma pyin-par sleb, without going, without moving from the place, he arrives at ... Mil. ; bud-med de'i rtsar ma pyin, he did not go to the woman (euphemist.) Glr. ; stab-stob-du nan-du pyin-te, he went in, ran in, in a great hurry. (Probably the word is cog. to pyi, and therefore = Q byun- ba, O fon-pa.) II. v. Jbyin-pa. jrjx- pyw, prop, the termin. of pyi: I. 1. adv. back, towards the back, behind; pyir ^on-ba, to come back, to return Dzl. and elsewh., frq.; also used in a special sense rel. to re-birth lan-ycig pyir ^oh-ba, pyir mi ^6h-ba v. Jbrds-bu(bzi); pyir Q gro- ba, pyir O don-ba etc., id.; pyir Q dug-pa, to remain behind, at home, Dzl.; pyir jog- pa, to leave behind, at home, to lay aside, to lay up, Dzl.; again (mrsws), pyir Idn- ba, to get up again, after having fallen; pyir ldog-pa, Ug-pa, to come back again, to return ; pyir Idog-pai lam, the way back, the return, Dzl. ; pyir mi Idog-pa, the not 351 taking place of relapses, the prevention of them, Lt. ; pyir zlog-pa, to bring back, to draw off, to divert from; pyir sos-par O gyur- ba, to return to life; pyir sdns-nas, having come to himself again, having recovered, Dzl.', pyir md-la smrds-pa, he replied to his mother, Dzl. ; pyir-log skyon-pa, to make one ride backward, with the face to the horse's tail. 2. postp. e.g. behind, after, nai pyir e* O gro Pth., will you follow me? come with me ? instead of this more care- lessly: ha pyir Mil. \ pyir-bzin ~ pyi-bzin frq. - II. afterwards, hereafter, at a later time Thgy.', pyir ^on-ba, to come too late Dzl. III. out, pyir -la out (motion from an interior to an exterior place), pyir fon-pa, Q gro-ba, O den-ba, ysegs-pa to go out, skyur- ba, to cast out, pyir bstdn-nas, turned in- side out (the lining of a coat) Glr.; pyir O biid-pa Sch.: 'to put out, to remove; to come to an end, to be completely exhausted'; sgo pyir mi yton-ba, not to let out at the door, to keep locked in or shut up Pth. In C. also pyi-la is used in this sense. pyir-zin ace. to Lexx. = WSffl more (ex- ceeding in number or degree). IV. postp. e.g., &\sopyir-du, more rarely pyir-na( W. *pi-la*) on account of, 1 . (propter) = by or through, cii pir Kyod di-ltar gyur, whereby or through what have you got into this plight? Dzl. ; without Kyod: where does that come from? Dzl. ; *l nad ci pi- la yons*, by what has this disease been caused? W.', ynod-pai pyir- du, because I have done you harm Mil. 2. for, for the sake of (causa), for the good or benefit of, from love to Dzl. ; for the purpose of, brtdg- pai pyir-du, in order to try or to prove Glr. Whether pyir with the infinitive, esp. of one-rooted verbs, is to be resolved by because or in order that, can be determined only by the context. py I- a dv- behind, pyis ni sgra Jbyun, behind, i.e. behind your back, voices are heard; gen. with respect to time: after- wards, later, pyis Jbyun-ba, to arise, to follow, to come later Wdit.\ also in reference to things past, of a later date than others that had happened before them Glr. ; pyis- naskyaii, also in future, in after times Mil.-, pyis-nyin, on the following day (= san) Dzl.', at some future time, some (future) day, Dzl.\ da pyis = da pyin-cad Glr.', dus pyis = dus pyi zig-na, subsequently, here- after Pth. ; pyis sl sgoipyugs v. sgo-,pyugs ^Z, ' O fso-ba to tend cattle Glr.; pyugs- kyi sih-rta Cs., a bullock cart; pyugs-nad disease of cattle, murrain ;noi'-pyugs, chattels, all kinds of property Dzl. pyur-buSch. hay-rick, shock of sheaves, heap Of Sticks (Schr. O pyur-ba, to heap up). tpye W. *pe*, resp. ysdn-pye, zib, 1. flour, meal, esp. 2. flour of parched barley, - rtsdm-pa. 3. iorpye-ma, dust, powder etc.; pye O fdy-pa, fsdg-pa, to grind corn to flour; to sieve; pyer O fdg-pa, to reduce to flour. - 4. v. Jbyed-pa. rgydgs-pye flour as provision for a journey Glr.', *ndn-pe* W. = rtsdm-pa\ also parched meal. Icdgs-pye iron filings; rdo-pye, stone reduced to powder, small particles of stone; spos-pye, tsdndan- gyipye-ma, sandlewood powder, fumigating 352 ' pye-ma-leb powder; bag - pye wheat flour; brag - pye small fragments of stone, produced by stone- cutting Glr. ; sih-pye saw-dust ; yser-pye gold- dust ; pye-Jcug flour-bag ; pye-sgye flour sack ; Cs.: 'a double pouch for meal'; pye-snod, flour-tub; pye-por Cs. a box for meal; pye- pdd, flour-bag; pye-ban, flour -store; pye- ma, dust, powder; saw -dust, filings etc. ; pye-mar terniin. of pye-ma ; pye-mdr (Hindi tflq-ri) flour roasted with melted butter, sweetened with sugar, considered a dainty. ST&rajn* pye-ma-leb Lex , *pe-ma-leb - tse* W., butterfly. &Z' pyed I. half; pyed- dan -ynyis ('which 7 ' with an additional ^ would be - 2') one and a half etc. ; brgya-prdg pyed-dan- ysum, two hundred and fifty; *ydn-ce > C., *ydn-ped, ped-di(san) ped, ped-yan-ped* W. one fourth, a quarter; yuh-pyed one eighth (little used); mi-pyed half a man, also used for woman Pth. (n.f.); zla-pyed v. zld-ba; zla-ba-pyed-pa, lasting half a month, e. g. a disease. pyed-ka, -pa, -ma, Cs., pyed- po Cs. and vulg. one half; pyed-ma also: partner to one half ; O dii ndh-na nai pyed- ma zig kyaii yod-de, as I have still a partner in this business ;pyed-kruft, half a skyil-krun (q. v.), drawing in one leg, and stretching out the other Glr.; pyed-glin, peninsula; pyed-brgydd= pyed-dan-brgyad hence sbst.: half a rupee, = 7 points on the gold-steel- yard C. II. v. Jbyed-pa. jk- py en ( vul g- peri), wind, flatulence Med.; yton-ba, to let go a wind; pyen sor son, a wind has escaped (me etc.); pyen- dbugs Cs., id.; pyen-dri, a low, soft wind. Srl^T Pyo^pydf *co-cd zer-wa*, to set On or at (to set a dog at a person) C. pi$j* Py9 s I- side, direction; pyoys gan- nas from whence? pyogs der, there, thither, in that direction ; yul del pyogs-su or-la^son, proceed in the direction of yonder village; ltdg-pa (for -pai) pyogs-su Wdn. towards the nape of the neck; pyogs ycig- tu or -la towards one side, in one direc- tion; also for together, e.g. to sweep to- gether, to heap together; vulgo also for at the same time, at once; kyim-pai su byin-pas, bestowing on lay-men DzL; cos pyogs-su yton-ba to spend for pious pur- poses Mil.', in the same manner: dge-bai pyogs-su, to devote to benevolent designs Mil.-, for, in behalf of, for the benefit of: ytdn-groys pyogs-su si-lcebs byed-pa, to die, to undergo death for the sake of husband or wife Mil.; in letters usually: de-jjyogs- su, there with you, O di-pyogs-su, here with us. 2. quarter of the heavens, the cardinal points of the horizon; pyogs bzi, the four points of the compass; pyogs bzir, round about, in all directions; e.g. round (a person or place) ; pyogs bzi - nas, from all sides ; frequently also pyogs bcu, the ten points of the compass are spoken of, which are the following: sar, sar-lho, Iho, Iho-nub, nub, nub-bydh, byah, byan-sdr, sten- and ^og-pyogs (Zenith and Nadir); pyogs-skyon, pyogs-skyoii-rgydl-po, lha cen-popyogs-skyon- ba bcu similar to jig-rten-skyoh (v. skyon- ba), yet ten in number; rgya-gdr-gyi sdr- pyogs-na, to the east of India; rgya-gdr sdr-pyogs-pa-rnams , the eastern Indians. - 3. sa- pyogs, country, region, neighbour- hood, part, dben-pai sa-pyogs, lonely region, solitary part; jigs pai sa-pyogs, an unsafe country; yuLpyogs id., nai sa-pyogs-na in my country Mil, C. 4. part, party, also pyogs-ris; yzdn-la pyogs O gyur-ba, to take another man's part, to side with a certain person Thgy.\ pyogs-(i*is) byed-pa c. genit. W., *cog-(ri) co-ce*, pyogs O dzin-pa Tar., pyogs tsam rig -pa Tar. 119,4 id.; pyogs- med impartial, sine ira et studio, gen. in a Buddhist ascetic sense: indifferent to every thing ;py6ys-ca Mil., pyogs-lhun Lex., prob. also pyogs-zen Tar. 184, 22, partial, inter- ested ',pyogs-cairtog-pa, hesitation, scruples, arising from still feeling an interest in a thing Mil.; in a general sense it is used in: pyogs -mf suns -pa similar Wdn., Tar.; pyogs- mfun - du Tar. 190,16 ought to be rendered: appropriate, suitable, adequate; rdn-pyogs one's own party, yzdn-pyogs the other or opposite party ; j'nyen-pyogs friends, dgrd-pyoys enemies; dkdr- pyoys the good, 353 yoys-pa the well-disposed, esp. the good spirits, ndg- pyoys, sdig-can-gyi pyogs the bad, malicious, esp. the evil spirits, devils. 5. in popular language the word is used also with respect to time: *Ka-san-st6n-cogs* Ld., last autumn. pydgs-pa I. vb. to turn vb. n., cos- la to turn to religion Schr. ; pyir pyogs-pa to turn one's self back, to turn aside (Schr. pyir pyogs -par byed-pa, to divert from, to dissuade from) Tar. 12, 14 28,9. Jii-Kar pyoys-pa turned to dying = near dying? Kor-ba-la rgydb-kyis pyoys- pa, to turn one's back to the orb of trans- migration; mnon-du pyogs-pa, l.to be visible, to be evident, to be exposed to view(?), Iho- hos-su mnon-du pyogs-pai brag-las Jbyun- ba growing on a surface rock on the south- side Sambh. ; don de mnon-du pyogs -par byd-baipyir, in order to bring this meaning to the light, to express it clearly Gram.(l). 2. to be openly or evidently attached to, to adhere to(?) rgyud-la to a Tantra or treatise Sambh. II. adj., sbst., attached to, following; a partizan, an adherent. Bfc'CJ' Pyod-pa Cs. progress, pyod ce-ba, great progress ; Lex.: sa-pyod-ce v. cod. 2g^* pyor Mil., prob. for mcor. z- pra, O pra, ornament (?), jewel (?) pra rgydg-pa, ryydb-pa, O god-pa, O debs-pa, Sch. also pros sprd-ba, to insert an orna- ment of jewels, to stud with jewels; rmog- la pad-ma-ra-gai pra btdb-pa de, this set of rubies on the helmet, this helmet stud- ded with rubies Glr. ; rin-cen sna-fsogs-kyis pra bkod-pa Mil.', pra-fsom border, trim- ming, Lex. pra-rgyds Was. (2\} bag-la nydl- ba, vanities, i.e. passions, errors, er- roneous notions. pra-dog v. prag-dog. 1 1. v. O pra-ba. 2. Lt. a disease of children. 3. adj., gen. prd-mo (Cs. also bo) thin, fine, minute, opp. to sbom-po q.v., sbrul prd-mo zig Tar. ; in a general gsTfST prdg-pa sense, little, small, sems-can prd-mo-rndms ; nd-pra-mo, little as to age, young, Mil.', trifling, little, slight, rndm-rtog prd-mo slight scruples, Mil.; rdzun prd-mo, a little lie, a fib, Thyy.; *td-mo-ne fon-wa, lab -pa*, to see, to inspect most accurately, to learn the minutest details, C.; thin, high, rel. to voice W.; pra-zib Lex., fine and exact; sin- tu prd-ba, in reference to the doctrine of Buddha, implying prob. its subtilties. Cf. pran. * P ra ~ ma -, calumny, slander, esp. through tell-tales and intermeddling persons B. and col.; prd-ma byed-pa Dzl., smrd-ba Cs.,jug-pa B. and C., *cd-ce* W., resp. (when referring to a person of higher rank) ysol-ba, zu-ba, to calumniate, slander, vilify, blacken; prd - ma - mfcan Cs. calumniator, slanderer. pra- men, sorcery, witchcraft Schr.; so prob. Pth.: mi-dgos-pai pra-men- gyi nan-sfidgs, an evil magic spell of per- nicious necromancy; pra-men-po and -pa masc., -mo and -ma fern., necromancer, wizard, witch ; pra-men rdzd-ki (for dzo-gi, ra-sags, 'prd-mo, v. prd-ba', v. O prd-ba. rrm' prag pro vine, also dbrag, srag, 1. in- ' termediate space, interstice, interval, hence prdg-tu = bdr-du Thgy.-, a hollow, ravine, defile; smin-prdg v. smin-ma. 2. after cardinal numbers it seems to corre- spond about to the Greek subst. termina- tion ag: bcu-prdg a decade, brgya-prdg a hundred (century), ston-prdg a thousand (chiliad), brgya-prag ?cig, brgya-prag bcu\ ston-prdg bzi-bcu-zig, a number of forty thousand Dzl. ; bdun-prdg, eftdo(.iaq, week (recognized as a measure of time, but in common life not much in use). prdg-pa, 1. sbst., resp. sku-prdg shoulder, prdg-pa -la ^gel-ba Glr., fogs-pa Sambh. to load on one's shoulder; grogs-poi prdg-pa-la O dzeg-pa, to mount the shoulder of one's companion Dzl.', upper arm, prag-yu ynyis-kyi sa Dzl, prag-g6h 354 pran Lt. id. 2. vb., also O prdg-pa, to envy, to grudge, Cs. ; prog-dog, pra-dog, the envy, prog-dog skye envy is stirring within me, I envy, frq. ; prag-dog-can^ envious, grudg- ing, jealous Ptii. Zp* pran, v. O pran. 5^' prod, fsig-frdd, prdd-kyi yi-ge, particle, ^ ^ e.g. rndm-dbye-prad the signs of the cases, kyi, la etc. prdd-pa v. O prdd-pa\ prdd-po for _, jjj'n" pran,prdn-bu, (7s. also jw'tm- ' 3I te)=prd-mo, little, small, trif- ling, yet more in particular phrases, and less used in books, than in common life, esp. in C. : *rin fem-bhu te-dhe* (lit. : sprad-de} having paid, spent a trifle; *zu-ba fnn-bhu zig* a small request; *fem-bhu ciy* a little bit C. ; as sbst. : 1 . part of the body (whether in a general or a more particular sense, I have not been able to ascertain); in me- dical writings ihepran-bui nad form a class of their own; yan-ldg-gi pran y cod-pa Glr., to maim, to mutilate parts of the body (not necessarily to castrate Sch.^). 2. knives and other small instruments used in surgery Med. 3. pran-rdn in the polite episto- lary style the person of the writer, 'my own little self, 'your humble servant' ; prdn-la rdn-gi = to me my . . ., inst. of: nd-la na-rdh- gi. pran-fsegs, trifles, minor matters; O dul- ba pran-fsegs-kyi yzi the minutiae of reli- gious discipline, Dulva. , pran-ne-rtsag-tsi stated to te = pyin-ci-Ug Ld. pran-fsegs v. prdn-bu extr. 5JQJ" pral v. prdl-ba, 5J^T pri-ba v. O pri- ba; 51^* prid v. sbnd-pa. a^ prin, O prin, news, tidings, intelligence, message, prin bzdn-po, good tidings, favourable accounts ; prin-bkur-mKan, mes- senger, vulgo;/5rm skur-ba, sprin-ba to send word, information, Kyer-ba, to bring tidings, intelligence; sprod-pa, O prod-pa to deliver; smrd-ba, r)od-pa, byed-pa to report, to de- liver messages orally; to superiors: ysol-ba, zu-ba; to inferiors: sgo-ba, ysuh-ba; fcd-boi prin yah de-la byos sig deliver a message to him also from me Dzl. ; prin-ytam mes- sage, report Cs.\ prin-pa messenger ; news- monger Cs. ; prin-bzdn gospel Chr. Prot.; prin-yig letter, epistle; prin-ldn answer to a message. prin-lds (W. *cag-lds*} 1. resp. for las labour, business; deed, work, frq.; rdb-tu-ynds-pai prin-las mdzad (the Buddhas) performed the work of consecra- ting Glr.; prin -Ids mam bzi the same as zi-rgyas-dbah-drdg-gi prin-lds Glr., v. ex- planation under zi-ba; prin-lds col-ba,prin- bcdl byed-pa ccdpar. to commit a thing to another person's care or trust, e.g. before going on a journey; in reference to gods: to recommend to their protection or blessing Glr. and elsewh. 2. po. for prin-lds-pa commissary Glr., where Avalokitesvara is called prin-lds of all Buddhas. 3. effi- ciency, power Mil. v. prug. fq- prii-ba, O pru-ba = K6g-ma earthen pot, pan, stew-pan. 5T$J* pru-mc^ O pru-ma 1. uterus, matrix of ^o animals, or ace. to Cs. merely the in- teguments of the eggs ; ace. to some, also the urinary bladder. 2. encampment, = dmag-sgdr L,ex. jxar pmg 1. in compounds for prug - gu, 3> ' pru-gu child, a young one (of animals); prug-gu-mo a little girl 6s.; priig-gu skyed- pa to beget children, yso-ba to rear, to bring up (children) ; priig-gu skye a child is born ; sor a miscarriage, abortion, takes place; prug-gui dm childhood; da -prug orphan; nal-prug bastard ; gldh-pmg the young one of an elephant; seii-pnig a lion's cub etc.; metaph. of disciples and subalterns: fson- priiy the merchants of a caravan in their relationship to. their leader fson-dpon. 2. fine cloth or woollen stuffs Wts., snam-pritfj id. 7 dbus-prug woollen goods from I Mil. iJcn^T" P'/ 8 one day with the night, a pe- xl riod of 24 hours, but this sig- nification does not hold good in every case. prud-yzon 355 pan ' pmd-yzon v. yzoii-pa. prum Lt and S.gJ prum-rus cartilage, gristle. 5Jf'J&T pmm-prum Sik. -- pum-pum. N ^O 6s. = p'rd-mo. -pren-ba v. O pren-ba. s*~' pred, opred, cross, transverse; across, ' athwart, obliquely; pred-du, col. Vrf- fed-la*, crossways, in a cross direction; pred-lam, a path (horizontal or inclined) leading along the side of a mountain, (cf. on the other hand O pran); p'red-ytdn bolt or bar of a gate; *ted-la ddn-po*, horizon- tal W. J>f%f pro-bo something like: a child's frock or chemise Ld. (?) prog etc. v. O prog; |q', S&T p'rob, prot v. cjw'06, O prol. 5l" jw-os v. O pro-ba. pf- oW*> 1- to rise, to be raised, e.g. a post or stake raised by the frost; to soar up, to fly up to heaven, a miraculous feat often performed by the saints oi legends, Dzl and elsewh.; of rays of light, DzL and elsewh. ; fig. : to be higher, more elevated, del steh-du (or de-las) dpag- fsdd brgyad-Tcri (or more accurately Kris} O pdgs-so Glr., Pth., (this region) lies by 80000 miles higher than that/S^.; to grow larger, longer, of the apparent lengthening of the teeth when aching W. ; of horses : to rear, to rise up on the hind-legs; more par- ticularly of the deifying of saints; thus the demi-god-like king Srontsansgampo in his farewell speech says: Kyed kun O pdgs-pai byin-rlabs yin I am the divine instrument of your elevation (your elevation-blessing), he who will effect your ascent to heaven or deification; part.pf. pdffs-pa(Ssk.^[TSS(), sublime, exalted, raised above, pdl-las O pdgs- par bzdn-ba a more than ordinary beauty DzL; yzan-pas Q pdgs-par gyur-to he far excelled others Dzl. ; Kyc'id-(par) O pags-(pa), distinguished, excellent, glorious, yid-las fcyad- O pags rgya-gar-yul India, the most glorious country; nor-sna Kydd-par O pdgs-pa brgyai O bul-ba an offering of a hundred of the most costly kinds of jewels Pth.] esp. in refe- rence to holy persons, things, places etc.; title of saints, and teachers of religion, with the fern. O pdgs-ma; pdgs-pa^o,T excellence' is Avalokitesvara, in W. esp. the one, that has his throne at Triloknath in Chamba, v. re- pdgs; the word is also frq. used as an epithet, placed at the head of the title- pages of religious writings; lastly it is a name of common persons. O pdgs-pai nor bdun the seven treasures of the saints : sbyin- pa, fsul-Krims, ddd-pa and the like Mil. O pdgs(j-pai) yul 1 . elevated country, high- land. 2. the holy land of the Buddhists, the tracts of the middle Ganges ; O pags-pai skad, the Sanskrit language Lex. O pags- rgyal Tar. and elsewh. = ^^fq^fj Schf., town and district of Ujain. 2. the word is stated to imply also to play, to joke, to make sport C. oP a ! v. pan I. 2. also O pans, dpans, spans, height, O pdn-du, O pdns- su in height; fcri- pan v. AH, go- pan v. go; )"nam- pan, the height of the heavens Lex., Mil.; dbu- pan fig. highness, subli- mity, dkon-mcog-gi dbu- pd/i smdd-pa to lower, to detract from the sublimity of God (v. dkon-mcog'), to blaspheme God Doman; O paiis-mf6 high DzL; O pd>'is-mfo-ba, O pans- mfon-dmdn relative height DzL O pdn-ba fut., O pans-papf. of. O pen- pa. O p ans -P a ! f r( l- ^ or pans-pa to spare, to save DzL; kindly and carefully to protect from harm, e.g. a drun- ken Lama Thgy. ; hence prob. the version jpqj^; O pans - med yfoh-sems-ldan liberal, bounteous, without restriction S.g. 2. Glr. also for O p6ns-pa provinc. QSMT P an ! v - P an C 1 )- ~ n< O p dn -y ul ' Glr., O pdn-po Hue II, 242; name of the nearest alpine valley north of Lhasa, the inhabitants of which are said to speak an indistinct dialect. 38* 356 idm-pa , pf- ^w*5 PP- to r gy al- ba to be beaten, conquered, to come off a loser, to get the worst of, yyul(-las) in battle Dzl ; lha-ma-ym-las by the Asuras Dom.; in law-suits, in traffic etc.; O pdm- par O gyur-ba B., *pam ()6-wa* C. id ; also with pam, as if it were a sbst. : *pam kiir- wa* C. to put up with, to bear a loss, da- mage, defeat; O pam bldn-ba Glr., Pfh. prob. id.; O pdm-par byed-pa to beat, to defeat, to conquer, rgyd-mams O j5dm-j)ar byas he conquered the Chinese Glr.; rds-pas bon- po cos-kyis pdm-byas-te Raspa overcoming the Bonpo by the doctrine of Buddha (v. cos 3.) Mil.; *pam cug-ce or kdl-ce*, W. id.; pam pog son I have met with a loss, I suffered damage, opp. to gyal fob son; pam-rgydl ma bsres-na if one is not inclined now for a serious struggle, will not stand the chance of ... Mil. ; yid- pdm-pa Mil., *sems pdm-po* C. dejection; yid- pdm-ma a low-spirited, dejected woman Mil.; pdm- pa Glr., pdm-po the vanquished etc. ; *pam- pe no-len co-ce* W. to give in, to ask par- don ; mi- p dm i. invincible. 2. a man's name. 3. mi- pam mgon-po Zam., also mi- pdm cos-kyi rje is stated to be - jam-dbydhs. oP ar Cs. in compounds: board, sgo- O par board or leaf of a door. o pdr-ba I. sbst. v. pdr-ba. P f - oPW s Sch O bhj(s)-pa. O pir-ba Ts. = Jnir-ba, to fly. II. vb. (vb. n. to spor-ba) 1. to rebound, of stones, *bar-ndn-la* W. to splash up, of water, to fly up, of sparks; to leap, to bound, to throb, of the veins, rtsa O par, the pulse is beating; *par td-ce* W., to feel one's pulse; *nyin-kapar dug* his heart is throb- bing, palpitating; *pdr-ra rag*\ have heart- throbbing (v. rag)\ O pdr- pro cad v. O pro- ba 2; sd-la O pdr-ba, to fidget, to be restless, to jump, from fear Pfh.; pdr-gyis Q pdr-ba Lex. prob. the same as O pdr-ba. 2. Cs. to be raised, elevated, promoted, advanced. opdr-ma, Sch. 'double, manifold'; brgya- par-ma, Sch. 'more than hundred'. O pdl-ya V*-* incision, indentation. notch. epiih-ba, pf. pun, to sink, to begin to decay, to be in declining circum- stances. to get into misery, either by one's own fault, or that of others (opp. to fse/i- ba) Glr. and elsewh.; bod-yul O puii-bai las a deed to the detriment of Tibet Glr. ; in a similar manner bod-yul O pun-bai puh-gon, mischievous conjurers in order to inflict an injury on Tibet Ld.-Glr. Schl. 21, b; mgdr- gyis ryyd-yul piu'i-bar byds-pa-rnams drdn- nas, remembering the calamities brought on China by Mgar Glr. ; O pu*-bar O gyiir-ba B., *pitn-du <16-wa* C., *pun cd-ce* W., to be ruined, to perish, O puh-bar byed-pa B., O pun-la sbyor-ba Mil., prob. also yton-ba, ^jug -pa to ruin, to undo Pth.\ ran- pun having been reduced by one's own fault; Q pun-dkrol or llrol the decay of fortune, ruin, destruction Mil. and elsewh. ; O puh-yzi cause, occasion of decay Mil. n njr-q- O pud-pa to lay aside, to put away, to separate, = O bud-pa Cs. (?), sug- pa O pud-pa, to clear, to part the flour from the bran, to sieve Sch. (?) O pub-pa = O bi'tb-pa to cover with a roof Sch. (?) n ' to spel-ba, opp. to O g rib-pa, 1. to increase, augment, multiply, enlarge, frq.; *sum Ian nyi-la team pel* how many are two times three? W. ; O pel- arib-kyi dbdit- gis in consequence of the increase and de- crease Gram.; Q pel- grib-nc'id, prob. diseases ai'ising from an excess or deficiency of hu- mours Wdn.2. to improve, to grow better, bsam-ytdn or tugs-dam ^p'el-ba ijin medi- tation has improved, has proceeded better Mil. IT. sbst., Sch. also O pel-ka, 1. in- crease. '2. development S.g. Q^n 1 oP~b a pf- an( ^ imp- P OS ) P r P- in- trans. to spo-ba, - yna$-spo-ba; 1. to change place, shift, migrate frq.; myur- du O pos-sig, go speedily elsewhere! DzL; in a more general sense to change, O po-med bde-ba changeless happiness; in a similar sense O po- gyur-med-pai mal-Jbyor Mil.; yet frq. also vb. a.: Ku-ba yaii O po yah. O po byds si/'i pouring off the gravy again and again Pth.; very frq. fse O p'6-ba, O ci- p'6- ba, si- Q po-ba, to exchange life, to die, (in the earlier literature the most common ex- pression for it) ; the last of the above terms prob. may be explained by ci-zin O p'6-ba; ci- po-ba O debs-pa, Thgr. frq. seems to mean: to help the soul to a happy depar- ture. 2. 6'. to fall out, to shed, of wheat and corn in general. oPfy-P "* P^ an d secondary form pog, to hit, strike, touch, befal, meet, mndr-bai dris O p6g-pa fams-cdd all whom the sweet odour met, to whom it became perceptible DzL ; gen. with la: ^od-zer, grib- ma mi-la O pog., a ray of light, a shadow falls upon that man Glr. frq.; K6-la nod, fsdd-pa, cdd-pa O pog, disease, heat, punish- ment etc. has befallen him; yza- Q pog-mkan an epileptic person W., C.; the signification: to hurt, seems to be less inherent to the word than dependent on contingent circum- stances. oP ^ s ' archery, O p'6n - sa archery ground, O p f otl-mkan archer, O pon- skyen good, skilful archer DzL Q pon-fsos Cs. buttocks; O pons sit- ting-part, posteriors Lt., Wdn.; O poh-la skyon-pa Sch. 'the riding of two persons on one horse'. P /lS -P a l - vb.,pf. ^W)s orpons, to be poor, indigent; O p6iis-par bziig-pa to let (another) pine in poverty Tligu.; with instrum. to be deprived of, to lose, rgydl- po srds-kyis Q pons-nas the king having lost his son Pth. 2. also poiis-pa, sbst. poverty, 358 and adj. poor, v.pons-pa; perh. also dejected, disheartened. O p6d-pa= pod-pa, Cs.; Q$3' O pon-po = pon-po; qqq'q* o pob-pa = O bebs-pa Sch. oPya-ba, pf. O pyas, ace. to L pf- O py a " s , vb. n. to dpydn-ba, to hang down, dar sow- poi ge-sa O pyah-ba a handkerchief of blue silk hanging down from the head Sambh.; md-mcu fur-du O pydn-bd the lower lip hanging down, as a sign of death S.y.; to cling to a person, from love etc.; ije-btmn- yyi sku-la Mil., to the Reverend's person (or body?); ju-zin O pydn-ba to cling to, to take a firm hold of Thgy. O pyan-fdg plumb- line, sounding -line C. also dpydh-fag. - *cdn-Kem-pa* rope-dancer, esp. at the festi- vities of new-year C. wr <&f *****y*9 op!]*- v. pyi II. 2. also O py id- pa to wipe, to blot out, mig to wipe the eyes Pth.; ma -ma the tears Glr.; to pull out, spu the hair W.- to tear out, rlig-pa the testicles Sch.; O pyi-rds Cs., wiper, wip- ing-clout, duster; ldg- pyiCs., towel, v.pyis II. py*9-P a >Sch. to bind, better Jjyig- pa. Q pyil-ba for Kyil-ba to wind, to twist, (the hair) Wdn. O pyfy(*)-P a > rarel y %-p to be mistaken, also W.; to miss. lam, the road Lea;.; cu-fsod, to mistake the hour Pth. O pyur-ba 1. to mount, to rise up, of smoke; to overflow; inundate, of rivers and lakes Lex. 2. Sch. to heap up, to accumulate? \.pyur-bu. O py e -ba> pf. O pyes, to crawl, to creep, like snakes; esp. lto- pye, 'belly- creeper', snake, serpent; O pye-ba cen-po, 4j^| 4^1, name of a demon; O pye-bo, fern. mo cripple Lex. = rkah-med. oPy &n Mil = P!/* n > wind ' yton-ba, to let go a wind. q^q- O py-t> a pf- O pyos? i. to swim, of ^ fishes, Ml 2. to soar, to float. in the air Thgy. 3. to flow, heave, swell, of fluids Miig.; O pyo-ddr-ba Sch., to un- dulate. 4. to range, roam about, gambol, rtse-ziit O pyo-ba, of deer Mil. ; ri-la O pyo pyon-ba 359 O i>rdl-ba dgu, po. the wild animals of the field Sch. 5. snyin O pyo Sch., 'the heart is swel- ling, courage is rising'; however ses-pa O pyo Med., seems rather to imply: consciousness gives way, is wavering, flitting; sems O pyo Lt.? qgfe'q- PyoA-ba Lt. perh. = O pydn-ba; occasionally, like O pyons-pa used incorr. for mcoris-pa. ofyons-rgyteSch; pride, haugh- tiness, insolence. opy 6n - ma , harlot, prostitute, byed- pa, to whore, to fornicate Lex. oPyw-ba, v. pydr-ba, also for coV- ba; O pyor-po for mcor-po, hence O pyor-dga Sch. dandy, fop. O pyos-ma Sch., purchase-price of a bride. . vb., alsop*d-6a, pf.^Jras, to kick, to jerk, to strike with the foot, O pra-sdgs a stroke or kick with the foot, byed-pa to kick about with the feet, in a paroxysm of pain or anguish, Pth. ; * fa- say gydb-pa*, to give one a kick. II. = prd-ba, prd-mo. *V ra 9-> <>P rd 9-P a > to envy, grudge, v.pray. *, lam- prdn, a foot- path along a narrow ledge on the side of a precipitous wall of rock (not 'a defile or narrow pass' Sch.), frq.; bar- doi O pran the road of the abyss of the bar- do, (as with us : the valley of death) frq. Thgr.; bdr-doi O pran-sgrol, prob. a prayer for deliverance from that abyss Thgr. O pran- pml Sch. something hanging down. prud-pa pf- and fut. prad to meet together ; dan to meet with, to fall in with, to find; de dan prdd-do, you shall see him Dzl. ; de ni na dan prad mi fub, him I cannot admit Dzl; bdag dan Q prdd- par sog cig, come to see me Dzl.; snar na dan O prdd-pai ^og-tu not until they have met me (sensu obscoeno) Dzl.; byis-pai ro zig dan prdd-do he found the dead body of an infant Dzl.; O prad-fsams Sch. } inter- secting line of two plains, corner, angle. O prdb-pa = O prd-ba and Krdb- pa\ O prdb-byed-pa to flutter, of a bird wounded by a shot. Q^JO^ 5?Qj- O p>'al, pral, prob. to be re- garded as a sbst, like di*un, mdun, sna etc., expressing immediate near- ness; 1. in reference to space, but seldom, as for instance O prdl-du Kyi tir-id-de, having a dog near at hand Glr.; gen. 2. with re- spect to time: pral daii pugs, what is going to happen immediately and at a later period, presence and futurity; O pral-pugs-kyi ^al- rkyen fams-cdd sel-bar byed Glr. to avert immediate and subsequent disasters ; O pral pugs gdn-la bzan that is good both for the nearest and the more distant future; O pral dan yun-du now and for a long time to come ; ^ral-sog-^og-med-par without hav- ing gathered or laid up any thing for daily use Mil.; O prdl-gyi u dug-fsugs nan- pa a poor temporary dwelling, or also : a com- mon, ordinary dwelling, v. no. 3 ; Q pral-du sa yzan ma rnyed-de as at the moment he was not able to procure any other meat Dzl.; O prdl-du sleb yon Mil. I shall come immediately; O prdl-du dgos-pai yo-bydd the things necessary for daily use Dzl. ; O prdl-du O by6r-ba ma yin that is not to be had at a moment's bidding Dzl.; also postp. e.g. : del O prdl-la pan that will help the moment directly after it; more frq. after verbal roots = ma-fdg-tu'. pebs-p'rdl as soon as he had arrived Mil. ; smras-prdl as soon as it has been spoken S.g.; skyes-prdl im- mediately after birth Lt.; in compounds: pral-rkyen, pral-dgos, pral-pugs cf. above; pral-grig finished, ready, prepared, in pro- per case, (vulgo, esp. in W., a word much used) *tal-dig co-ce* to prepare, to get ready. 3. fig., common, ordinary, of daily occurrence, common-place, prdl-skad B., C., ( W. *p c dl-kad*) common dialect; zes pral- skad - la snaii so you may hear it in the language of the common people, Gram., Wdn. O prdl-ba, pf. pral, fut. dbral, imp. prol, vb.a. to J>rdl-ba, to separate, to part, *Ka tdl-wa*, id., C.; dan from; rtags dan pral he deprived them of their insignia Glr.; srog dan O p'rdl-ba to put to death, to inflict capital punishment Glr.; zug-tu O prdl-ba to cut into quarters (cattle) Mil.:, lto-ba prdl-ba to cut open, to rip up the belly Tar.- dbrdl-bar dka difficult to part, hard to be kept asunder Lex. p ras ~P a 1- pf- ofj-rd-ba; as sbst. stroke, blow, kick with the foot, Cs.; rkan- prds, id.; rtas- pras rgyay-pa, the kicking of a horse; lag- prds, a blow with the hand, Cs.; O ci- prds Lexx., si- pros vulg. (W. *sin-fds or /o sprul-ba; ace. to Cs. both are iden- tical in meaning; I met with it only as an abstract noun = O prul in mam-par O prul- ba (v. under ptuF), e.g. mam-par O prid- ba du-ma, many transformations, magic tricks, for which rnam- pnd gen. is used. 2. to be mistaken, to err, to make blunders Mil., better Jirul-ba. 3. to separate, part. discriminate, the good from the bad, truth from falsehood Ld. (= prdl-ba? like druit- po and drdii-po). O p-ba pf. O pres Cs., O pre byed-pa Sch., to incline, to lean against; to put down, to lay down; Dzl. V, 12, where how- ever the context is not perfectly clear. sbst, col. W*td-na\ U: *pan*) Ssk. TTT^ a string, a thread or cord, on which things are filed, strung, or ranged, e.g.me-tog-gi preh-baGlr. a wreath, garland of flow r ers; O pren-ba dmar-po a wreath of red flowers Wdn. ; gans-rii a circle of snow-mountains Schr.' nags-kyi, of woods Sambh. ; sin - rtai O pren - ba rim - pa bdun 7 circles of chariots Pth. ; yig- preii a line of letters; O preh-ba Q dogs-pa to bind a wreath; O preii-skud, O pren-fdg the string or cord of the wreath ; O pren - rddg bead, ren-bd 361 O prod-pa hence O pren - ba esp. : a string of beads, rosary; bgrah- preii, rosary for counting the repetitions of prayers and magic spells, being used also in arithmetic, as an aid to memory; mu-tig- Q pren string of pearls, rosary composed of pearls; nor-bu- prcn- ba of precious stones; also title of a book; fig. don ma go fsig-gi O preh-ba bzuri, they only keep to the string of words, without understanding their import Mil. o pren-ba vb. n. to love , to be fond of, greatly attached to, with accus. of the person, sems-la and similar supple- mentary words being generally added ; bid- ma yid-la Q pren-bai- rtags, bu-mo sems-la O pi'en-bas Glr.; ydb-kyi fugs -la pren-bar gyur-te, or O pren-bzin-du as she was very dear to her father Glr. ; sin-tu O pron-ba zig byuit an ardent longing for home came over me Mil.nt. * preAj sometimes incorr. for pran. pred, v. pred. Q^J^J' O pres, v. O pre-ba. O pi'o-ba, pf- P''OS, prop- vb.n. to spro-ba, 1 . gen. with /as, from, to proceed, issue, emanate from, to spread, in most cases rel. to rays of light; sku ^od- zer Q pro-ba a body from which rays of light proceed, a body sending forth light Glr. ; C's. also relative to odours, fame etc. ; occasionally in reference to descent or parentage Thgy. 2. to proceed, to go on, continue, and O pro continuation, op p. to being finished, at an end (Sch. incorr.: 'the end'); * lab- to zen-ghyi ce'-pa* C., Schr. : the inter- ruption of a conversation by another person; jig -pi'o bead the process of destruction came to an end Glr.; sbyin-pai O pro cad kijah sloii-mo-pai O pro ma cad Pth. the gifts had come to an end, but not the begging ; O par- pro cad the pulse no longer beats Thgr.; cos-bsgyur- Q pro-rnams bskyw the continuations of translating were thrown aside Glr.; of the soul: yod- pro-la mi yon whilst it is still existing, it does not come forth, i.e. it vanishes imperceptibly, as soon as an attempt is made to find out its seat and to demonstrate its essence Mil.; O pro fud-pa to annex the remainder, to append the continuation ; * c fo zdy-pa* C. to lay the continuation aside; *sol-wa* to put it off, both expressions implying an interruption of work; O pro lus son or las son a remainder is still left of what has not been used or consumed ; * di ghait 'to- te* after this has been filled up (by pouring in the wanting quantity) C. ol j> 'oy-p a > P^ an d imp./^-o^s, fut. dbrog 1 . to rob, take away ; to deprive Of, ccgpar. nor, gos, rgydl-poi Idg-nas rgydl-sa to deprive the king of his throne Glr. ; hence rgydl-sa progs-pai mi usurper Glr.\ f sad-pas mii mfu-stobs O prog the heat deprives a man of his strength Med.\ yet also: sems-yid O prog-pa to take another man's heart, to run away with his affec- tions, to captivate him Glr.; O prog-byed, and also O prog-ma dbah-pyfig I . <^v^^ i.e. Shiwa, or also Indra. 2. symb. num.: 11. rku- Q prog, robbery Ma., *com- or com- tog*, id., W.;* com- log tdn-kan* robber, *wan dan com- tog co-te* by violence, W. - 2. to make one lose a thing , bddg - gi glafi progs (by his negligence) he has made me lose my ox DzL; sdom-pa O prog-tu byun my vow is lost to me, i.e. the meditation I had vowed has been disturbed, thwarted Glr., to deprive a person of his power or place, to overthrow, kings, dignitaries etc. Stg., analogous to yyo-ba, O gul-ba, J>' rugs- pa. 3. to remove, do away with, expel, demons Glr. O pron Glr., pro vine, for O pran and P ret *) v - QpMi-ba- O prod-pa 1 . vb. : pf. prod, vb. n. to sprod-pa, to have been delivered, transmitted, Idg-tu into the hands of a person, hence Q prod- dzin, *t'od-zm* W. receipt, quittance; no or >ios- prod-pa to know, per- ceive, understand; so prob. also snyin-la ysdl-bar ma prod Schr. 2. adj. fit, proper, suitable, agreeing with, congenial to, po-bar agreeing with the stomach MfL, from the Ssk. cJTrHtT- 'windmango' Shksp., almond. n'3sT bd-spu a little hair, the little hairs NS of the body, bd-spu Ian or Idan, the little hairs stand up, I shudder, B., 6'.; similarly: bd-spu yyo Glr., Mil.', ba-spu tsam yan med (I feel no repentance) even as great as a hair DzL ; bd-spu-can hairy, covered with hair, ba-spu-med bald; bd-spui bii-ga or Jcun (-bu) pore. bd-bu (Pers. (ji^jLj, pa pot) a soft shoe, skud-pai knitted shoe, pih-pai felt- shoe, but in general they are made of wool or goat's hair. Q'g ba-bla (Ts. *bhd-bla*) Med, arsenic. ba- bog W. clod, lump of earth. ba-men Mil., Wdh., Cs. and Sch.: 'a species of wild cattle with large horns'; Sch. also: buffalo-calf; though in Sambh. gans-ri-ba-men are spoken of. bd-mo hoar-frost, B. and col.; ba-fsa (Campbell in Summer's Phenix p. 142, 5 : pen-cha), inferior, impure SOda, incrusting the ground near salt-lakes; it is mixed with the food of cattle (from which circumstance the word may be translated 'cow-salt'), oc- casionally also for the want of something better put into the tea; bd-fsai skyur-rtsi Cs. muriatic (hydro-chloric) acid. bd-ra-na-si, v. wd-ra-na-si. ba-ru-ra an astringent medicament Med. -fya* bd-la-ha, can-ses bd-la-ha, n. of a ' demon, v. rta-mcoa. ba - lu = da - li, various low alpine species of Rhododendron. bag q*OJ"T|' ^-^-^ medicinal plant, belonging ' to the climbers Med. qVT bd-* a 1- v - ba I. 2. prob. = bd- ' ha-ha a bitter-tasted officinal plant, ace. to Wdn. an Indian tree ; in Lh. a rather insignificant radiated flower. qVT bd-su, W. a virulent boil, ulcer. N3 q\!cf bd-so Ld., ba-so-ka C'., currants, small 1 raisins. q-^ji bd-so elephant's tooth, ivory; bd-so- mKan worker in ivory. bag I. a primary signification of this word seems to be : a narrow space ; thus with Sch. fig. bdg-dog-pa to be straitened, in necessitous circumstances, poor; in another application more frq. : bag - tsam a little, nor bdg-tsam re a little money Mil. ; bag- re Thgr., perh. the same; ddii-ga bdg-tsam bde the appetite is growing a little better Lt.', fser-ma bdg-tsam yod-pa having a few prickles Wdn.; bdg-tsam-pa slight, insigni- ficant, trifling, sdug-bsndl, a slight misfortune Thgy.; ma-bde-ba bdg-tsam-la bzod-pa mi byed-pa Mil. to be fretting on account of a trifling mischance; most frq., however, the word has a moral bearing: attention, care, caution, relative to physical and moral evils or contaminations ; bag-med, in a gen. sense: rd-ro ddn-po bag -med -pa the be- ginning of intoxication is the disappearing of attention ; in a special sense (Ssk. Ut{\<*) : careless, heedless, fearless; mi-bde-bai fear- less of misfortune DzL; Q di-lta-bui bag innl- par O gyur I shall be freed from the fear of such things DzL; fearless, without fear or consideration, without regard to conse- quences or to the judgment of others etc., can -la bag -med O di-tsam O fun-ba l*tlt. without shame drinking such great quantities of beer; mi-dge-bai las bdg-med-par byi'tl- pa to sin without fear or restraint DzL; Q dod-cdgs-la bdg-med-pas to indulge in sensuality without restraint Dzl. ; heedless- ness with regard to good and evil Tar. 4, 22; moral carelessness, indifference, want of principle, bdg-med-la nydl-ba ., stated to be = bag-la nyal-ba. v. bag II : of an op- 364 ^" bait posite meaning: bag-yod(-pa) reverence, fear, shame, often parallel to no-fsa, O dzem- l'n: conscientiousness, almost religious awe; adj. conscientious; spyod-pa bdg-yod-pa con- scientious dealings (pious course of life) Dom.; bdg-yod-par mdzod-cig act conscien- tiously, take care not to commit sin (here do not kill) Tar. 32, 7; de bdg-yod-pai p'yirws he was conscientious (here = chaste) Tar. 39, 2; bag dan Iddn-pa id.; bag dan Iddn-par mdzod Glr. ; bdg-fsa-ba to be afraid ; bag mi fsa I am not afraid Mil. ; sbst. fear, timidity, anxiousness Mil., Sty.; bdg-fsa med- pa fearlessness Mil.; bag byed-pa c. la, to fear, to dread, a person Dzl., to take care of, one's clothes Dzl.; bag-yahs-su (or-kyis) Sch. ( l cura relcucata') without fear, fear- lessly, coolly ; bag Jtums - pa Sch. to be afraid; bag O bebs-pa to drop, abandon, cast away all fear, yzan-la the dread of a person Mil. frq.; bag-pa Dzl. ^,V, 15 Ms. as a vb. to be afraid, to be fearful, de-dag bag - tu dogs - nas afraid lest they should take fright (another reading: bros-su] bdgs- kyis with fear, with we Mil.; bdgs-kyis byed-pa to act carefully, with caution Dzl. 3^}, 15; ma bags - kyis without fear, un- restrained Dzl. 3W, 1 (Ms. ; with Sch. ma is wanting, and both passages are rendered incorr.); bdg-po adj. = bdg-yod-pa Cs.; bag- zon dread, fear, anxiety Sch. II. inclination? passion? bdg-la nydl-ba Was. (241) 'vanities (in Chinese: lullings into security'), the usual sinful temptations, lust, anger etc. ; the etymological derivation of the term is, however, not perfectly clear ; bag-me'd-la n^dl-ba, which ace. to its pri- mary signification ought to be placed sub I, is said to imply the same. More frq. bag-cdgs denotes passion, inclination, propensity, gen. in a bad sense, las-nan bag-cdgs, iidn-pai bag-cdgs, also occasionally without any ad- dition, id.; bag-cdgs yid-kyi lus the 'in- tellectual' body of passions Thar., v. lus; less frq. in a good sense : Tar. 32, 7 = love, affection; bag-cdgs bzait, Mil. III. in compounds also for baa-j-ye and bag-ma. bag-pa 1. vb. to be afraid, v. bag I. - 2. purity? Cs. bdg-po 1. = bag-yodCs. 2. bride- groom. qqrr bag-pye (W. *bdg-] : e^ wheat-flour; ' ^ bag - skyo thin pap or porridge of meal; bag-zdn thick pap, dough; bag-dron, warm porridge ; bag-sbydr paste ; bags-sbyin lute, putty, a compound of meal and glue; bag-leb, resp. bzes-bag C. a cake of bread (Hind, chapafi). bag-ma bride, len-pa to choose, to take frq.; bdg-ma-la (or bag-mar} len-pa to choose for a bride, ytoii-ba to give for a bride (wife), O gro-ba, cd-ba Ma., *cd-ce* W., to become a bride, to get mar- ried; *bdg-ma ti-te (or Idii-te) bor-ce*, W. to leave the chosen bride with her parents, sometimes for years, which frequently is the case, as betrothals, from reasons of ex- pediency, are often brought about by the parents at a very early age. The common custom is that the young man desirous of marrying proceeds to the parents of his chosen one with the 'wooing-beer',sZo'w-ca/5, which step however may remain yet a pri- vate affair; after some time he brings tig- can, the 'settling-beer', and finally bsu-caii, the 'taking-home-beer 1 , whereupon follows the wedding, bag - ston, and the consum- mation of marriage, bza-mi byed-pa. bag- gos wedding-garment; bag -grogs -mo bride's maid Cs. ; bag-zon Cs. (prob. more correctly: rdzoiis) dowry. bdg-tsam v. bag I. bdg-tse a little basket for wool or clews of wool, W. ^ bag-Ms (also bdxis, boxis etc.) Ar. S yiwyix^u 1. fee, drink-money. 2. Sp. a present, alms. ^Tpj" bags v. bag I. r^r-' bail 1. foot-race, ban niyzdn-las mgyogs- pa to be quicker in running than an- other; de dan ban mnydm-par rgyug-pa to run with equal swiftness as ... Pth.; bail rgyug-pa Cs., *bhan tdn-wa* C.; *ban tan- 365 bdit-ba ce* W. ; ban O yrdn-pa to run a race ; ban- rtsdl sbyon-ba Mil. to exercise one's self in racing; bait dan O yr6-las-day-yis nyen-pa or bait - ^r 6s nyen-pa to overexert one's self in running Med. ; *bka>i-yyoy, bhaii-coii* C. running-match, race; ban-cen(-pa, also -po) Pth., Glr. swift messenger, courier; *bhah-mi* C., *ban-mf W., id. 2. v. bdn-ba. qr-q- bdn-ba, ban-Kan, bdh-mdzod store- room. store-house, corn magazine, also treasury Dzl.' sin-ban Kun. a large box for grain, half underground; ban -pud first- fruit oifering from the barn; *bhan-yha* Ts. repository; (dints -ban, pronounced:) */- bhdii* Ts. cupboard, press, case. qr 'x j- bait-rim = fcri- pdri, the part of the mcod-rten which has the form of a staircase. 2. Sch. 'a separate part of a house connected by a staircase' (?). bdit-so grave, tomb, yson-por bdn-sor O dzu(f-pa to bury alive Glr.; sepul- chre, monument, bait-so O debs-pa, or rtsiy-pa to build a sepulchre Glr.; ban-so mcod-pa to perform funeral sacrifices, to honour a grave Glr. bdhs-pa Sch. 1. = sbdns-pa. 2. = bdn-ba. 3. = ban-so, bdt-ti (Hindi} 1. a weight = 2 s///>// ynyis-kyi bar zdm-gyis sbrel-ba Glr. over- bridging the space between the two castles; sa-bdr straits, narrow sea; cu-bdr isthmus, neck Of land; *pdh-gi bar, lah-Ke bar, O ce bar* shelf of a repository, cup-board etc. li".: intermediate, middle, mean, .-/..,/ smad bar ysum upper, lower and middle country Ma. ; bar O dir here in the middle countries Glr.; bdr-gyi, id., as adj. Tar. and elsewh.; bdr-gyi sder-cdgs, in Wdn. a lizard, as an ainphibiurn partaking of two natures; bdr- na, bdr-du, bar-la adv. and postp. c. genit. (and accus.), lam-gyi bdr-na in the middle of the road (there is a well); on the road, in or on the way, on the journey Dzl. ; brag- bar btsir-ba to be squeezed between two rocks Thgy. ; 16-ma dan ydl-gai bdr-du be- tween leaves and branches Dzl. ; rgya bod bar-la O gro-bai mi people travelling between China and Tibet Glr.; dei bar- la, de-bar between Glr. ; in the mean time, at the same time, Glr.', zla-ba ysum-gyi bdr-du (to pro- vide for a person) for the space of 3 months Dzl.; zag bdun-gyi bdr-du for seven days (he had not eaten any thing) Dzl.; fun-cin byd-bai sd-ca bdr-du byon he went as far as the coun'ry called tuii-cin Glr.', dd-lfai bdr-du Glr., da-tsam-gyi bdr-du Dzl.; da- bar, Mil. until now, hitherto; de(i) bdr(du} id., when referring to what is past - until then; Jbrds-bui bdr-du fob-pa to obtain all, even to the fruit (inclusive of the fruit) Dzl.', Ian ysum-gyi bdr-du at three (different) times Dzl ; frq. with verbs : rtse-mo-la fug- gi bdr-du till even touching the top Dzl. and so frq.; rel. to time gen. with a ne- gative, being then equivalent to as long as, ma fob-pat bdr-du as long as it has not been obtained = until its having been ob- tained Dzl. ; ha ma si bdr-du till or up to my death Mil. ; ma bsleb bdr-du as long as we have not reached, attained Glr. ; seldom without a negation: mya-hdn-las O dds-pai bdr-du Dzl. tf), 4 (s. 1. c.); bdr-nas from between, rtsib-mai bdr-nas from between the ribs Glr. 2. fig. bar byed-pa to inter- pose, intercede, mediate Glr., cf. bar-mi. 3. Termin. of ba, and cf. par III. Comp. and deriv. *bhdr-kya* partition- wall C. bar-skdbs space of time, period Tar. bar-skdr veranda, exterior gallery of the middle story of a house. bar-lean Sch. a building between two other houses; Schr. a room between two others. bar-gos Schr. waist-coat. bdr-^ga some, several; several times, now . . . now . . . Dzl. bar- cod, -cad, perh. also -ycod, sbst. to bar-du fcod-pa, (v.ycod-pa) hinderance, impediment; danger; damage, failure, fatal accident; fse- la bar-cad ^on, or byun (my) life is in dan- ger; lus-kyi, srog-gi bar-cdd-du O gyur id.; also: to meet with an accident, to perish, to be lost Dzl. and elsewh.; *bar-cad-la si* W., he met with a violent death ; bar- cad sel-ba to protect against fatal accidents, of magic spells frq.; nd-la bar-cad med-par without meeting with an accident Mil. ; bar- cad rtsom-pa to meditate evil, to brood 367 bar-lig bds-mo mischief Mil.; bar-cad ma fsiiys-par without having played me a roguish trick Mil. ; also in a moral sense: temptation; sin, trespass, bdr-du fcod-pa to commit sin, to trespass Mil. *bdr-ta* W. cloth round the loins. - bar-ston Sch. empty space. bar -do I. also bar-ma-do the intermediate state between death and re -birth, of a shorter or longer duration (yet not of more than 40 days, ni f.) ; although on the one hand it is firmly believed, that the place of re- birth (whether a raan, an animal, or a god etc. go forth from it), unalterably depends on the former course of life, yet in Thgr. the soul is urged and instructed to proceed at once into Nirwana to Buddha (inconsistently with the general dogma), bar-do ycod-pa Mil. is explained as putting off and pre- venting the intermediate state after death, as well as re-birth, by penitentiary exer- cises. 2. W. : hard, difficult; difficulty, perh. Bunan. bar-sndn (seldom bar-sndn-ba) atmospherical space; sten-gi bar-sndn-la in the heavens, in the air, frq.; bar-sndn-la O par (a fragment of a blasted rock) flies up into the air; bar-sndn-du or -la c. genit., the common word for over, goi bar-ndn-la, over (his) head. *bdr-pa* W. the middle one, e.g. of three brothers. bar-bdr-du Ma. at intervals, from time to time, now and then; bar-bar-la id.; *md bar-bdr-la*, at long intervals, seldom W. bar-ma the middle one of three things G-lr. bar - mi me- diator, intercessor, umpire. *bar-tsod* W. middling, *lun-po bar-fsod* a moderate wind. - bar-mfsdms, bar- fsdms interval (Sch.: room; leisure, convenience, comfort?). bar-ldg-pa = bar-mi Sch. *bar-lhay* gap, vacancy, deficiency W., *bar-ldg kdii-ce* to fill up a gap or vacancy, to supply a want, or deficiency. bar-lig W. a field or estate let to a person for the term of his life, for usufruct. qq- bal wool, bdl-gyi woolen, bal dan Iddn- pa woolly Wdn.; bal sed-pa the first coarse plucking of wool, rmel-ba the second, of the finer wool, sin-ba the third, of the finest W.; *bal tdb-ce* to beat wool W.; lug-, ra-, md-bal sheep-wool, goat's and camel's hair; rds-bal, sin-bal cotton Cs.; sin-bal prob. also the down on willow-blos- soms Sch.; srm-bal Wdn., Schr.: raw silk, yet perh. also cotton; cu-bal a kind of moss on stones in brooks Cs. bal-skud a woolen thread or yarn, worsted. - bal-skye Sch.: mould on fermented liquors. bal-gldn, Cs. also bdl-gyi c/lan-po-ce, a kind of ele- phant, for which sometimes incorr. and am- biguously bd-lan is used, Dzl. and elsewh. bal-fer thin woolen cloth Cs. ; *bal- ddb* W. tuft of wool, as is used for spinning. bal-prug thick woolen cloth. bal-yds Sch. wool-card (?) aflTsf bdl-po, bal(-po}-yul Nepal, frq. de- signated as rin-po-cei gliii, and as the favourite country of the Klu, or serpent- demons; bdl-po-pa, fern, bdl-po-ma^ bdl-mo Glr., a Nepal man or woman; bal-nyiii C 1 ., (-snyins) a Nepal rupee; bal-srdn Tar., Nepal pease. __.. bas I. v bds-pa. II. instrum. of ba; bas-blddgs, 'licked by a cow', n. of a disease combined with the sensation, as if the skin had been licked off by a cow, cow- itch, cow-pox Cs. (?) III. v. pas, where there is to be added : to say nothing of, much less, e.g. Kron O dom dgu-brgyd-bas brgyayan, Jbru mi fub, a well a hundred fathoms deep cannot be dug, to say nothing of 900 fathoms (much less one of 900 f.) Glr. bds-pa (cf. Pers., Hind. ^S) Cs.: pf. of byed-pa inst. of, byds-pa in the signification of 'done (with), settled'; bds- par byed-pa, id. Sch.; in Bal. frq.: *bas, byas, bas-se, or also byds-teydd*itis finished, completed, ready, all right; der bas that is all of it, nothing more is left Sch. ; in bgyis- su bds-kyis after having been made, caused, occasioned Mil., it stands as a sign of the preterite, similar to zin\ or like zad: mi ycig-gi smdn-du ma bds-kyis not only for one man it serves as a medicine Dzl.; bas- mta border-country Sch. bds-mo v. bdb-mo. u bu-ga q- bi 1. num. figure: 45. 2. in JF. gen. for byi. 3. fo' and bin Pur. for fy/ bird, fowl, hen. jn'OT""* q'UsJC" bi-gdn, bi-ydh in compounds big, hole W. for foi-#a, cf. Jbig-pa; bi-gdii-can having holes. bi-tan, Lh. door, prop. Bunan. * bi-nd-ya-ka Ssk., \. bgegs. CT qvTTjET" bi-swa-kar-ma Ssk., lhai bzo-bo Hind, bilb, bel, Aegle marmelos, tree with a nour- ishing and wholesome fruit; the word seems to have been transferred also to the cocoa-nut. q* bu I. sbst, resp. sras, 1. son, common ^ in B. and 6'.; *ce-bu* W., the eldest son. 2. child, bu btsd-ba the bringing forth of children, children being born Dzl.', bu man-bar O gyiir-ba to get many children; bu mi ?s6s - pa not being able to keep a child alive Dom.' esp. in reference to the mother: ma-bu, mother and children; also transferred on animals: rfa ma bryya bu brgya a hundred mares with as many foals DzL; the word is moreover used in many other instances, e.g. with regard to letters which in writing are placed under other letters, in reference to principal beams and smaller cross-beams, to capital and interest; also as a friendly address of a teacher to his hearers Mil. The fern, bu-mo v. below. Comp. bu- Q Knd (or pu-tri?) a fern, noun proper. bu-grogs Cs. step-brother, foster- brother. bu-rgyud offspring, issue, pro- geny, generation Tar. 168. 11. bu-dod foster-child, adopted son, iied-kyi bu-dod mdzod deign to be adopted by us Mil. bu-ydun a small cross-beam Mil. bu-ndd child-bed, bu-ndd log the child-bed termi- nates unfavourably Pth. bu-snod uterus, womb Med. bii-po male child, son DzL bu-pmg children. bu-mo, vulg. also bo-mo i. daughter, frq. 2. girl, ha bu-moi dus-na yin-te when I was still a girl Glr. ttyeu dan bu-mo lads and lasses DzL; maiden, virgin; bu-mo ytsdh-ma, ysdr-ma, ysdr-pa a girl that is still in a virgin state. 3. young woman DzL ; W. gen. for bud- med, frq. bu-smdd, Cs. also bu-mdd fa- mily, children, nearest relations Mil. and elsewh. bu-fsd (DzL ed. Sch. also bu-ted} 1. children's children Thgy.; family = bu- smdd 2. W., son, gen. for bu; boy, *bu-fsa dan bo -mo*. bu-fsdb Cs. = bu-dod. - bu-tsds Jbrel-ba Glr. (ace. to the context) to cohabit. bu-sntl brother and sister. bu-slob scholar, disciple, follower of a cle- rical teacher, opp. to nyd-ma hearer, who still continues in his secular calling. II. num. figure: 75. bu-ga 1. f^rs", in compounds bug, hole, opening, orifice, aperture, bd-spui bu-ga pore, passage of perspiration DzL; sna-bug nostril; bu-ga dgu(-po) the nine orifices of the body (eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, urethra, anus) ; fsdns-pai bii-ga and perh. also yid-jug bu-ga Med., appears to be = mfsog-ma the fontanel or vacancy in the infant cranium, with which various fables are connected; cavity, vessel, (anatom.), also veins Med. 2. symbol, num. : 9. 369 bubs bu-gu hole, sgoi key-hole Dzl. j-jj' w - ston name of a leamed Lama ^^ ' and author of cos-bytm, about the year 1300 (r// 1 ., an adherent of the Adi- buddha doctrine, v. Cs. Gram. ^ bu-rdo Sch., idle talk, tittle-tattle. bu-yurj snow-storm Mil * bu-ram Hindi jf^ gur, hence W. *gu-rdm*, raw^sugar, muscovado; treacle, Mil., Lt.; bu-rdm sgor-ba to boil down raw sugar Lex. ; bu-ram-sr/t, bur-sin, vulg. * gur -sin* sugar-cane; bu-ram -sin-pa, ^^31 cfi, name of the first king of the solar dynasty in India, Glr.; bu-ram-can, bur- can sugar-beer Lt.; bur-dkdr? Lt. bur-stdii ycig (more correctly Itan) Sch., a bale of raw sugar packed up in leather. q-gji- bu-lon (d.bun) advanced money, debt, ' *nul gye bu-lon mi -la tdn-ce* W. to lend a person a hundred florins; (bu- lon byed-pa to contract debts Schr., Sch.??) bu-lon Jdl-ba ( W. *cdl-ce*), sprod-pa Sch. to pay a debt, sel-ba to put out, to cancel a debt, ded-pa, bdd-ba to call in, to recover a debt, cdgs-pa prob. the beginning and running up of debts Dzl. ; bu-lon-pa debtor, di'tul brgyai of a hundred rupees. bu-hdg v. sbugs-hdg. 1- sbst. hole, bug-pa O bug- pa to bore holes Glr., cog. to bu- d, Iky and bh>;-tog* C., Med., (the spellings of Campbell, pen v. bd-mo and of Schl., phuli, have prob. resulted from a mistake in hearing), SOda, not unfrequently found in Tibet as a white powder on the ground, and used as a medicine, as a ferment, as a means for giving additional flavour to tea, and for various technical purposes. bul-po slow, heavy, tardy, ^ro bul-te slow in walking, making but tardy progress DzL; W.: *clul-ce lul-po*. bul-ha-ri, *bul-gar* W., Russia leather, jufts. bus-pa 1. for byis-pa Lt. 2. v. O bud-pa. CT be, 1. num. figure: 105. 2. W. for bye. 3. for words here not noted refer to pe. be-Kur S.g.f be-ge v. beg-ge. be-con, also -tson, Ssk. ^T, 1 . club, with an ornamental knob , prob. merely an attribute of gods. 2. n. of a goddess Thgr. q-j-* be-ta a geographical prop, name, prob. ' = Himalaya, Pth. be-to, be-do, vulg. calf. be-dha v. Jbe-dha. be-sndbs C's., thick slime or mucus, e.g. the mucus flowing at child- birth from the vagina Lt. q*q5T be-bum, also beu-b&m, writing, scrip- ture, book Glr.j perh. the same word as the following. be- bum, are stated to be the sacred writings of the Bonpos, which as our Lama candidly owned 'are also perused by Buddhists for their edification'. q*f be-mo COW-calf, female calf C. q*j[" be-rdzi Nakshatra, v. rgyu-skdr 3. q-^- be-za W., from the Hind. ^TT5(, in- terest, id - ka be-za a double paisa interest, of 1 rupee, = 4 6 pCt.pro month. be-rag (spelling?), fillet of the women in Lt/., ornamented with coloured stones. q'Oprr be-le-ka S.g., a kind of surgical in- ' strument. q*3jcT|* be-log Sch. great-grandfather. be-sin oak-tree, = ca-ra', be- Prod oak-forest Wdn. bcg-ge Lt.^ a disease ; Sch. : measles. *S ST 1 ^^"S" beg-tse a hidden shirt of mail. JC" ben Sch., stick, cudgel, club. ^-- bed, 1. = fee, He-bed, advantage, profit, ' gain, high price, fsd-la dmg-cu bed yod- pai skdbs-su at a time when salt was a sixty times dearer (than barley) Glr.; *bed fob- ce* W. to gain, to make profit; bed -cod Mil. is stated to be the same as loits-spyod', bed- cod fsod bcdd-de to be temperate, to keep moderation in the indulgence of the appetites. 2. interest, C., W. j^r ben a large pitcher; jug, beer-pot, Glr.; ' *cu-bhen*, water-pot, C. bem-po 1. dead matter, mostly ap- plied to the body, as opp. to the soul, rig -pa, e.g. bem rig ^ye-dus when body and soul are parting, Mil., Thgr. ; lus bem -rig ynyis - kyi so - mtsdms - su on the ben 371 bon-bu boundary between the physical matter of the body and the soul Mil. ; Was. (272) bem- reg is perh. a mistake in writing, although it also makes sense. 2. Sch. a pestilential disease; in the Mng. bem tol rgydb-pa seems to denote u surgical operation. 3. some receptacle, box, bag etc., lem-poi ndn-nas yser bton she took gold out of the . . .? qo; leu Cs. calf. N3 JCVCJ$}* beu-bum v. be-bum, Mil. NO "^> qp -;^r beu - rds, in Stg. mentioned as a material for clothing; Schr.: 'fine linen', which however is as yet unknown in Tibet. ^. ler 1. Cloak, ber-gyi fu-ba tail of the cloak Glr.; ber ndy-po a black cloak Glr. and elsewh.; )ol-bi>r dress with a train Wdk., Pth.; fsem-bei' a cloak patched up of many pieces Pth.; ber-cen gown of a priest, sacerdotal cloak, without sleeves, with yos-cen for a collar; ber-ful fur-cloak. 2. strength, sharpness, keenness, pungency, of spices, spirits, snuff etc. ; ber-can sharp, pungent, piquant; * 'a -rug -la ber mdn-po yod* the gin is very strong W.; *ber-ra rag, Ice'i ber-ce mdn-po rag* it bites, burns my tongue; za-bcr Cs. the burning sensa- tion caused by the stinging of nettles ; cf. gdr-ba. bcr-ka W., ber-ma, ber-lcdg Mil., Stick, staff (cf. dbyug-pa) ; sped ber- ma cane, bamboo Mil. ; ber- ma Icag fcig> a simple staff Mil.; Icags-ber iron-bar, crow- bar; smyug-ber cane, walking-stick. ^PT bel Cs. leather bag. q.^-^. wcd-dur-ya, SsL, azure stone, lapis ^ ^ lazuli Dzl. wai-dur-ya dkar-po and st'ton-po, v. table of abbreviations. wai-ro-tsa-na Ssk., Tib.: rnam- par-snaii-mdzad, 1. n. of the first Dhyani-Buddha. 2. a Lotsawa v. Kopp. II., 69. ^ bo, 1. num. figure: 135. 2. affix, to designate some words as nouns. bo-tdgya, bo-lon-ba Ts., ankle, ankle-bone. bo-de Cs. : 'n. cf a tree, the fruits of which are used as beads for rosaries'. . lo-dhi SsL:, wisdom; also n. of the Indian fig-tree, ficus religiosa, byan- cub-siii; n. of the white narcissus (/A). H^I' bo-ba, prob. pf. of O b6-ba. 16-mo W. for bu-mo. bo-lo, ball, for playing Ld. I" bog-pa v. Jbogs-pa. T bog-ra Sch. roof. % 8 ^ Cs -> 9 ain 7 profit advantage; bogs O don-pa Sc/i. to yield profit; where- ever I met with the word, it was used only in a religious sense: gain for the mind, be- nefit for the heart, furtherance of devotion of meditation, Mil. 2ff boii 1. also boiis, size, dimensions, vol- ume, bulk, bon-ce, -cen large, boii ce don cun, large of size, and small of signi- ficance are e. g. the lungs (in as far as roasted or boiled they yield liitle substan- tial food) Mil.; lus-lon-ce, -cuit, Jbriit big, little, middling, as to size of body, S.a. ; boh-fun little in stature; bon-fsdd, bon-fsod=* rdzogs-pa full size, a full-grown body Thyy. 2. v. boii-na. 3. also boii-ba, Cs. : 'ge- neral name for small stones, pebbles etc.'; in medical works zih-gi bon-ba are men- tioned as remedies; in Pth. the word occurs in an enumeration of temporal goods, pre- cluding the above signification. 4. v. boh- bu. 5. provinc. for ban Glr. boii-Krd Sch. a species of falcon. bo/'i-gu v. bon-bu. boi't-nd, various species of wolf S bane, aconite, lon-tlkdr, -nag, -dinar, -ser, used as medicines, or even as poisons. boit-ndg \. the preceeding and the following article. r^-q- bon-bu, Sch. also bon-bo, 1. ass, Idit- ^ po or po-bon he-ass, boii-mo or mo- bon she-ass, bon-pi-ug colt or foal of an 372 bod bya-fdl ass; bon-sgdl an ass's load; bon-sbdh dung of an ass ; boii-rdzi keeper or driver of an ass; dre-boh Cs. 'an ass generating a mule'. - 2. n. of insects, rgyds-poi boh-bu sugar- mite, lepisma, Ld.; boh-ndg (perh. bun-nag} dung-beetle Lli. 3. Cs. : blockhead, fool. & bod 1. Ssk. affe, Tibet, b6d-(kyi}yul ' id. 2. for bod-pa, bod Ica-cig some Ti- betans Tar., Kyed bod- mams ye Tibetans. - 3. for bod - skad the Tibetan language, bod-du bsgyur ^ug 1 will have it trans- lated into Tibetan Pth.; bdd-skad, in a more limited sense, also implies the common language of conversation, opp. to book- language W.; bod-pa, bod-(kyi) mi Tibetans, bod-mo fern ; bod-kyi mi-rigs or mi-brgyud the people of Tibet, in contradistinction to other nations, bod- bd/ts the Tibetan people, opp. to its ruler. ^*J" bod-pa 1. v. bod. 2. = Jbod-pa. Jfa bon (ace. to Schf. = ^ftgj) 1. n. of the ' early religion of Tibet, concerning which but very imperfect accounts are existing (v. Report of the Royal Bavarian Acad. of Sc., 13. Jan. 1866); so much is certain, that sorcery was the principal feature of it. When Buddhism became the religion of state, the former was considered here- tical and condemnable , and Ilia - cos and bon-cos, or shorter cos and bon, were placed in opposition, as with us Christianity and paganism; v. Glr. and Mil.; at the present time, both of them seem to exist peaceably side by side, and the primitive religion has not only numerous adherents and con- vents in C., but manifold traces of it may be found still in the creed of the Tibetans of to-day. 2. = bon-po, follower of this religion. ^^" bor, v. Jbor-ba. bdr ra, a sack of corn, holding about 30 Kal W. 2pr bol, bol-yoh 1. the upper part of the foot %. 2. the leg of a boot W. - 3. clod of earth C. 4. v. O bol. bol-ydr = btd-lia-ri. ^T bol-po v. J>6l-po. bos, v. O bdd-pa. q- bya 1. sbst. bird, fowl, hen, cf. the fol- ^ lowing articles. {Pur. bin [v. byiu], bi). 2. vb. fut. root of byed-pa, v. this and the sbst. byd-ba. 3. *ja co - ce* W., to castrate, to geld. ' planation , 1 . = luii - du - ston - pa pa prophecy, cf Burn. I, 54 sequ. 2. in later times: grammar. % a " k M"9--> fya - tri Lt., n. of a medicine. " tya-rkdn, 1. a bird's foot. 2. n. of a vein Med. 3. officinal plant, in Lh. a blue kind of orobanche. bya-skdd, also bya-sgrin'ts, by a- cos title of a book of satirical fables, in which birds are introduced speaking. bya-skon fowler's net Lex. bya-skyi %.; Sch.: roof, shelter. " bya-Kdu Cs. bird-cage. 1 -^ Kyuii,Krasm&Kmn-li'run. bya-gdg Dzl. and elsewh., a species of ducks, Sch. : the gray duck. bya-dgd gift, present, esp. as a reward; sbyin-pa to bestow a gift, frq.; bya-dgdr as a present, fora reward, ster-ba to give. and zSar bya-rg6d and -r^Z bird ** of prey 5. and col. ; bya- rgod-spos Med., vulgo la-da-ra (v. ^/a) Z^- rgod-pun-poi ri, w^reR^, vulture -hill, in Magadha, a preaching^place of Buddha. J'cfj" bya-rgnd fowler's net. bya-sgdb n. of one of the smaller lobes of the lungs. " bya-snyefi v. bya-rmyen. 3*5* bya-tri v. bya-kri. bya-fdl Glr. light-gray bird's dung. 373 bya- ddb bya-rdsi q-nrq- bya- cldb 1. lit. a bird's wing. - ' 2. a part of the roof or vertical projection of the same, a kind of facade, admitting of pictorial decoration Glr. c' bya- dr<' Sch., a winged diabolical creature, harpy. S'<% bya-na (ace. to Lis. corrupted from ^^r) seasoning, condiment, sauce, iu a legend; prob. also in a gen. sense: meat. food, byd-naiyo+bydd Lex., byd-na-ma, prob. id.; fsd-ba byd-na-ma zig Kyer-nas bringing some warm food Mil. n'ftrn' bya-ndg raven, or some similar bird ' S.g. ; bya-nag - rdo- rj e Mil. id., be- cause the raven is said to reach an age of a thousand years. bya-ndn Sch. (sub. byd-ra) earnest endeavour. J" byd-pa C's. fowler, bird-catcher. byd-po 1. cock, the male of the do- mestic fowl, more definitely :. byd(-po) mfsa-lu D. and col.; byd-po ddn-po, ynyis- pa etc., the first, the second cock-crow 6'. VSbyd-po skyd-po* W. sparrow. 3. bya- po-tsi-tsi Med., a medicinal plant, stopping the monthly courses; in Lh. the great bal- sainine, Impatiens Roylei. T'SJ" byd-spu, down (feather), byai spu B. ^ N3 and col. bya-po, cock, the male of any bird. bya-pi'ug 1. a young bird. 2. a young fowl, chicken. q-q- byd-ba 1. inf. and part. fut. of byed- pa, q. v. 2. sbst. deed, action, work, without any reference to time, )iy-rten- yyi byd-ba and cds-kyi byd-ba secular and religious \\*orks, frq. ; tnai byd-ba byed-pa to act as a mother, to perform a mother's part Tar. ; byd-bazin-pa an action completely past Gram.\ byd-ba mah yan Jbrds-bu cun- ba much labour and little fruit, much work and little profit Tar.- der rgydl-po dan blon- po-rnams-kyi byd-ba byuii-ba yin then the affairs of the kings and their officers, the concerns of the state and its functionaries, gained ground; also in an absolute sense byd-ba = secularity, worldliness, byd-ba btdfi- ba jig ryydn-du ce a resigning of worldly things is fraught with great blessing Mil. ; bya-bycd the doing, doings: bya-byed injiu'i- ba jig rgydn-du ce the doing little brings great blessing, and so in a similar manner: byd-rgyu bycd-rgyu ma man jig do not give way to a bustling disposition Mil., i.e. do not permit your contemplative state to be interrupted by a distracting activity of your mind; bstdn -pa-la (or bstdn-pai} byd-ba byds-pai lo-rgyits an account of what has been done for the spread of the doctrine Tar. ; byd-ba dan O brel-ba seems to be a grammatical term relating to the verb. ^"^C^" bya-bdn v. bya-wd/i. g'q^T bya-bdlSch. down (feathers) ; Lt. 1 2 1 ? a*naj*r bya-brdl-pa one free from business, one that has renounced all worldly employment, an ascetic. Ld.-Glr. byd-ma a female bird, hen, brood-hen. ' byd-ma-rta courier, estafet. by a - ma - bum a tea-pot shaped vessel used in sacrificing. V bya-ma-byar-skyda(?) dan- delion, Taraxacum Ld. bya-ma-byi S.g. ; Sch. flying squirrel. jq- bya-ma-Ub Sch. butterfly, = pye- ma-Ub. byd-mo 1 . the female of any kind of birds. 2. hen, female fowl, also in conjunction with mfsd-lu, cf. byd-po (?). bya-rmydii-ba Sch. , bya-rmytn (another reading snyeii to yawn Mil. * bya-dmdr flamingo Sch. bya-fsdn bird's nest. ' bya-fsc-riit Sch. the white crane. bya-fsoys a flight of birds. bya-nki one attending to poultry. 374 i ^T^C" bya-wdii bya-u'dil S.g.; Sch.: night-hawk, goat- sucker, caprimulgus; bat. *bya-bzon* Bal. egg. 3. bya-ze crest, tuft (of feathers) of birds Sch. bya-^lig prob. Owl; Sch. quail (?). byd-t'aCs.: 'heed, care, caution'. This ^ word belonging to the language of the people and to later literature, is not so much an abstract, as a concrete noun, signifying a watchman, superintendent (chiefly by day, cf. mel-fse night-watch); it denotes more particularly that individual of a community, who has to see to it, that the compulsory post-office duties be punctually performed, and that messages from the lord or ma- gistrate of the place be duly dispatched and forwarded to their place of destination ; in a more gen. sense byd-ra byed-pa Glr., *co-ce* W., yton-ba Mil, c. la, to give heed, to pay attention, to look sharp, not to lose sight of; also, to be on one's guard against, to take a thing seriously, e.g. ndd-la a disease Lt.] *jd-^ra l-mia" f (prop, yid-mig) *>*, pay strict attention! W. bya-rog crow, raven, mentioned in S. O. as an inveterate enemy of the jig-pa (owl). bya-lds, labour, work, zin-pa-med- pai bya-lds endless labours Mil. byd-lo-pa 1. v. lo. V.Sch. 'keeping poultry'(F). bya-so-ma Ts , Ld. bat. ) L Cs - pliancy, nimble- ness, agility of body; byag-mtfan rope-dancer Lex. 2. sometimes erron. for jag and jdy-pa. q- byaii \. north; btjan-pyoys and prob. ^ also bydii-Ka Mil. id.; bydii-gi, byan- pyogs-kyi northern; byaii-nos north side, northern brow or slope of a hill; also n. pr., Glr.; byan-fdn n. pr. the heaths or steppes in northern Tibet, more esp. those bordering in the west on Ld. 2. northern country, coinciding with byan-fdii: byun-la "r" byan-rdo bcug-go\ie\\Sis banished to the north country Gli'. ; bydn-pa a man from Jan-fdn 3. the significations oibyan-snyom-paSch. to tailor, to cut to a proper shape, and of several other compounds, require a different ety- mology yet unknown. 4. for bydh-bu. q^'rfC' fywi-rtydn trowsers. small-clothes, ^ breeches Mil byan-K6g 1 . the inside of the body. byah-Kog-stod the upper part of the body, cavity of the chest, byan-koy- smdd lower part of the belly, abdomen, bowels S.g. ; *jah - K6g-la zug rag* I feel a pain in my bowels W. 2. rump; opp. to yan-ldg limbs Lt. bydn-ga LtJ 3C' 2 N"5T5!'5" % a/ * ^ SI v> i ~ m ^ ~ sn !J an te nor t nern continent of the an- cient geography of India, v. glin. byah - cilb, ^f%f, prop, wisdom ; with the Buddhists the highest per- fection and holiness, such as every Bud- dhist desires to obtain, which however to its full extent only the real Buddha him- self possesses, v. Kopp. I, 425, 435; byait- cub~mcog id., frq. ; byan-cub-mcog-tu sems (or resp. fugs)skyed-pa to create the thought of such holiness, to direct the mind to it DzL, Gli'.', byan-cub O dod-pa to aim at it, to be anxious to obtain it Dzl. ; tin- pa to attain it; byau-^cub-sems the mind intent on and suited for it, universal charity; snyiii-rje-byan-cub-sems-kyis kiin blaii-nas submitting to every thing with a loving and charitable mind; byafi-cub-sems-clpa, ef|f\j^T=<- fro,- with the addition of sems- clpa-cen-po the saint that has attained the highest station next to Buddha, merely for the welfare of men still tarrying in this world, designated Buddha, as it were; Kdp. 1,422; byah-cub-sems-ma fern, of it T/iyr.; byaii- cub-sift, fquj^f, the bodhi-tree, holy fig- tree, ficus religiosa (not indica), emblem of mercy; byah-cub-snyiit-po ^tf\J^n^ n - pr. = rdo-rje-ydan. lyan-rdoCs. monument, prop, in- scription-stone. bydii-pa bydii-pa 1. v. byan. 2. S.g.t byait- pa-srin Sch. : an insect. qr*n' bydn-ba, pf. of Jbydh-ba q. v. ; byati- sems a pure, holy mind Mil., prob. = byaii-cub-sems. ^"-T bydn-bu, JC*&T bydii-ma 1. inscrip- tion, direction, label. 2. the tablet on which an inscription is written, zdns-kyi bydn-bu- la (to write) on a copper plate or tablet Glr.; yig-bydn, l?a-bydit, resp. zal-byafi, - bydn-bu 1 ; syo-bydh inscription over a door, dur - bydii on a sepulchre; rtags - bydh a mark on a thing Cs.; brjed-bydn list of marked luggage; min-bydii, resp. mtsan- bydn list of names Pth. ; sog - bydn cards Sch.', byait-rdo a stone monument. qr- by ad I. 1. Cs. proportion, symmetry, beauty, dpe-byadDzl., id.; bydd-can well-proportioned, fair, beautiful ; byad-med the contrary Cs. 2. face, countenance Lex.; byad spus Kens-pa a hairy face Glr.; bydd- //// bkrags Thgy. , mdahs Lt, brightness, radiancy, beautiful complexion; byad-bzin face Dzl., -am Lex. ; byad-yziigs, Sch. : stature, prob. more correctly: countenance and body Dzl. and elsewh. II. (Cs. also bydd-ma) 1. enemy. 2. a wicked demon, bydd-ma rme-sa-can Wdn. - 3. also byad-stem(s), S. 0. and elsewh ., imprecation, malediction, combined with sor- cery, the name of an enemy being written on a slip of paper and hid in the ground, under various conjurations; yzdn-gyi byad, pd-rol-poi by ad-stems a malediction practised by another; bydd-du or stems -su jug -pa, prob. to curse a person with conjurations. III. in compounds, yo-bydd, ca-bydd q. v. IV. frq. for byed. qy- byan 1. Ld. frq. for byd-na, *)an co- * ' Kan, )dn-ma*CQQ\(. 2. v. the following. qy.^ bydn-poCs. married man; Sch. : a free man, one divorced from his wife; byan-mo Cs. wife, spouse; Sch.: 1. a divorced woman. 2. a whore. Only this latter signification seems to be known among the common people, e.g. *a-pe jdn-mo*, as a vulgar abusive term; byan-fsud-pa 375 Sch. 'to allure, entice, seduce'; these sig- nifications are, however, not sufficient to explain: bydn-moi byl-bor (or -por} rail byan fsud Lex., and : sems-la rait byan fsud Mil bydb-pa 1. to clean, cleanse, wash, wipe, nan fams-cdd-la to clean the whole house Domah. 2. to take up, to gather with both hands, e.g. barley C.; byah- zed Sch. instrument for cleaning, brush; byabs-tfrus Sch. shower-bath. %w-^ 1- kindness, love, affec- tion, bydms-sems id. 2. kind, lov- ing, affectionate, used of the love of parents to their children, of the beneficent to the needy, but not in the contrary order, nor of love to inanimate objects; bydms-pai tiii- he- dzin the meditation of love, compassion, frq.; mi kun-la bydms-siii being kind to- wards every body; bi/dms-pai ynyen kind, affectionate relations, frq ; bydms-pa wan- na when I have many well-wishers, patrons Dom. ; bydms-pa as a n. pr., also bydms-pa mgon-po Maitreya, the Buddha of the future period of the world, who at present is en- throned in the Galdan heaven, and who is frequently represented in pictures, v. Kopp. ; byams-bzugs sitting like Maitreya, i.e. after European fashion on a chair, with his legs hanging down, opp. to fub-bzugs, like Sa- kyathubpa; yet he is by no means uniformly represented in that posture. nx- bijar, supine of byed-pa; byar-med 1. ^ prop. : non faciendum, not to be done. 2. sbst. inactivity, inaction in the speci- fically Buddhist sense, apathy, indifference, byar-med-kyi nan-la ynds-par gyi* T/if/>'. . byds-pa, pf. of byed-pa ; byds-na 'si fecens\ 'sinjeceris', after a preced- ing prohibitive ma byed also to be rendered by else; as sbst. 1. l factar\ 2. foetus: byed- pa byds-pa a doer of deeds, as the first grade of holiness; byds-pa ties -pa, yzo-ba Sch. to keep in mind a thing done, to re- quite, to reward ; byas-cos Mil., also known in C., seems to be a notion akin to our conscience, *jA-c zdtl-po, nem-pa* C., *jk$- ti* id. 376 ' fj- fy/* 1. G/r., .ft/*., byi byed-pa to commit ^ adultery or rape of females, 6^-aurfpunish- ment for it. 2. v. byl-ba. 3. Pur. *bi* bird, of. byiu. ^"^'(^T) byi-tdh(-gd) a medicine JJ/ ' whether as colouring-matter, medi- cine or sweet scent DzL, Med.; byi/g-pa ska thick ointment, thick plaster; fyyug-pa sla thin unguent Cs. 2. foot-bath W., perh. better: bcug-pa. byug-ris, Lex. gral, place, in a certain succession or row; byug- ris zog make room, leave a place empty Sch. OTKT byugs v. Jbyiig-pa; byugs-spos anoint- 3 ' ing-oil Sch. nr* byun v. O byun-ba', byun-fsul history, ?> story, particulars of any event, nai byitn- fsul de-ltar yda that is my story Mil. ; byun- rdbs Sch. id. q^* byur B., esp. of later times and col., 5 Ld. also byus, misfortune, mishap, ac- cident, byur ce-zin bu mi ysos-na if one has the great misfortune not to be able to keep a child alive Dom.\ mi-la byur O gel-ba to draw down misfortune on a person Dom.; *nd-la jur cug son* W., *jhur* 6'., I have had misfortune, I have been uniortunate; byur-gyi, also byur-can unlucky, disastrous, perilous. *jhur-ndg* great calamity C. byur-sel preservative against misfortune. ran-byur-rdo was explained: a sling- stone with which one hits one's self. tT'^r byur-po,Cs. also-6w, vulg. byur-byiir heaped, a heaped measure of corn or meal; byur-por bkan Thgy. ^- bye 1. = byeu little bird, bye-glin bird's ^ nest Ma.', bye-prug a young little bird Dzl., also bya-prug; bye-brun bird-dung Wdn.; byeu ^.ur-pa Sch. partridge. 2. v. la. bye-mgo 1. bird's head. 2. an offi- cinal mineral S.g. q*q* bye-ba ten million, bye-ba-prag ysum ^ dan sd-ya-prag drug thirty-six million ; bye-ba sa-ya, eleven million; it seems to be among the larger numbers one of the most popular, as the word million is in English. -wrr bye-brdg, f^f^rf, 1. difference, diver- ' sity, K6-bo dan sahs-rgyds bye-bi'dg ci yod what difference is there between me and Buddha? DzL; bye-brag O byed-pa to find, 24* 378 bye-ma J byed-pa to show a difference, c. genit. in, of, be- tween things ; to analyze, to explain; variety, diversity Was. ("266); bye-brag bsdd-pa = vibhasha Was. (147), also bye -brag -bsad- mfso or -cu-yter, title of books; bye-brag- can Cs. different, bye-brag-med-pa Cs., mi- pyed-pa Dzl. equal; bye-brdg-tu smrd-ba Thgy. , bye - brag - pa, tnffqfefi, name of a school of philosophers, Atomists^Topp.I, 69. - 2. division, section, class, species, ,-/////- O groi, rol-moi bye-brag a species of animals, a kind of musical instrument etc. Lex. ; yul- gyi bye-brag a part of the country, province, Tar. 33, 6; bye-brdg-tu (to go through) according to the separate classes Zam. B'T bye-ma (C. *jhe^ma*, W. *be-ma*} 1. ^ sand, frq. 2. sandy plain, sands, yser- gyi bye-mai dkyil-na in the middle of a plain of gold sand Glr. 3. gravel (disease) Schr. bye-ma O bru -ycig a grain of sand Cs.; gdn-pai klun-gi bye-ma tsam as much sand as there is on the Ganges; bye-ma- kd-ra brown sugar, ground sugar, Hind. TfVn, C. bye-dkdr white sand, bye-nag black sand. bye -cab Lt. sandy water, water standing on sandy ground. bye- Ijons a sandy tract Cs. bye-fan a plain of sand, a sandy desert Glr. bye -pun heap of sand. bye-fsub sand raised by a whirlwind. bye-^ril (Schr. hriT), small sugar-balls, Indian sweet -meat, imported into Tibet, C. ^r-n* byed-pa I. vb., pf. byas, fut. bya, imp. byos, vulgo byas (Sp., Bal. *bed-pa*; in Ld. and Lh. instead of it gen. *c6-ce*}, resp. mdzdd-pa, eleg. bgyid-pa, I. to make, to fabricate, with the ace., e.g. a house, an armour etc.; with las or la, to make out of or of: yser-las out of gold, sin-la Tar. 160, 11 of wood; with the ace. and termin. to form to, to work into, pdgs-fa sog-sog-tu to work or manufacture skin into parch- ment Dzl. ; with the instrum. : to do with, to make of: O dis ci zig bya what are you going to do with it, to make of it? Dzl. to cause, to effect : lhun-ba de nas byds-pa yin Mil. it was I that caused this falling; with the supine, to take care that: byed-par O dod-par byed-pa to make him inclined to do it Dzl., ma sor-bar byos sig Pth, take care, that he do not escape; yod-par byed- pa to produce, procure, provide, dei ynds- Kan-la sogs-pa byds-nas he provided for him a dwelling with appurtenances Dzl.\ to fit out, equip (a ship) Glr.', to act: rgydl- po, dran-sron etc. byed-pa to act a king, a saint, as much as: to rule as a king, to live as a saint Dzl., bld-ma byed-pa to be a priest 6'.; in a gen. sense: to do: byd-ba dan, bya-ba-ma-yin-pa ston-pa to teach what men ought to do and what they ought not to do Thgy.', to commit, perform, execute: nyes-pa byed-byed-pa one that has repeat- edly committed himself, las or byd-ba byed- pa to perform an action, las ci zig byed what are you doing, what is your business? fobs yod-de byed-mKan med there is an expedient, but no one that carries it into effect Ma ; mi byar mi run-bas as it must be performed, lit. as it cannot remain un- done Dzl.', bsdm-pa Itar myu^-du byds-na if an intention is speedily executed, per- formed; las byed-pa to work, to be efficient (of a medicine); to act, proceed, pretend, affect: ci Itar byds-na legs how proceeding is good? i.e. which is the best way to pro- ceed, how shall I manage best? Glr.; bsdm- ytan - la yod-pai lugs byas he pretended, affected to meditate Glr.', dei lugs-su byao I will act as he does, I will do like that man Glr.', gd-le byed-pa Mil. to proceed slowly, to be slow; to take, to assume, to count: zag bzi-pa ddn-por byds-na if the fourth day be taken for (counted as) the first Wdn. ; byed-pa with the termin. of the inf. is frequently used periphrastically or to give force to other verbs; such forms are: ysod-par byed-pa to kill, pa-mas ses- par byos (or gyis) sig, resp. yab-yum-gyis mKyen-par mdzod cig dear parents, you must know ! Dzl. ; on the other hand : pa- la rig -par gyis sig let your father know about it Tar. 37, 7 ; in such cases the pro- per sense is merely to be gathered from the context. Besides the simple fut. : Q dug-par byao I shall remain Tar., K6-mo grogs byd- q^'^T byed-pa yis as I shall be with you Glr.', the form byao frq. serves to express necessity: btsdl- bar bya I must seek DzL; esp. with a ne- gation: brjod-par mi byao they are by no means to be pronounced; the participles in the short forms of yton-byed and ytoii-byd differ, in as much as the former is used in an active sense, e.g. one giving, a giver, the latter in a passive sense, one to be given; they may be formed of any verb. For spe- cific combinations, in which byed-pa is differently to be translated, as dpe byed-pa, yid-la byed-pa etc., refer to these words. 2. to say, to call, yet chiefly only in the pf. tense: zes byds-pa DzL thus said, so called ; snar byds-pa bzin according to what has been said before DzL; byas-kyan though saying Pth. and in the fut, which in that case, however, frq. stands for the pre- sent: (zes) byd-bai sgra byun-no a voice thus speaking was heard Glr. ; de-la dbyans ses byao these are called vowels Gram.', (zes-) byds-pa, or more frq. byd-ba, the so called, being often joined to a name, that is mentioned for the first time, e.g. Anu, the so called, whilst we should say, a man, called Anu, or of the name of A.; byd-ba also implies: of the purport, to the effect, just as ces-pa is also used: ( fsol-ziy' byd- bai lun byun-nas an order being given to make a search Glr. 3. to go away, to disappear: byas son he disappeared Glr. II. sbst. 1. byed-pa and byed-mKan, the person that does or has done a thing, the doer, performer etc. ; author, bstan-bcos byed- mJcan the author of the work Tar. 2. byed-pa the instrumentative case Gram. 3. byed-pa the doing, dealings, with noun in the instrum. case: de- dra-ba mi-rigs-pa rgydl-pos byed-pa such wrong being done by the king, such unjust dealings of the king DzL; in the genit. case: blo-yi byed- pa dbyins-su sbos hide the working of your understanding in the heavens, i. e. let it disappear in nothingness ; effect, also with the noun in the genit. case, Wdit. 4. byed (-pa)-po, doer, accomplisher etc., mcod-sbyin byi'd-pa-por bos he invited him as sacri- 379 brd-lxi ficing priest Tar. ; O dul-bar byed-pa-po con- verter Tar. ; bkra-xis spel-bai byed-po aug- menter of eternal happiness (from a hymn); byed-pa-po instrumentative case G-ram. ; as the twelve byed-pa-poi skye-mced I here cite the following from WdK., without being able to offer an explanation: bdaa, sems-can, srog, O gro-ba, yso-ba, skyes-bu, gan-zdg, sed- can, sed-bddg, byed-pa-po, fsor-ba-po, s&- pa-po, mfon-ba-po, where, by the by, it is to be observed, that thirteen are here enu- merated, byed-pa-po being mentioned again with the rest (a want of accuracy, which is not unfrequently to be met with in the scientific works of the Tibetans). 5. byd- ba q. v. gq- byeu (also byiu q.v.) little bird; byeu- ^^ zul byed-pa v. zul; byeu-la-pug S.g., a medicinal herb 6s. 3^*q* byer-ba v. Jbyer-ba. n^r tyes, Lexx. and col.; foreign country; abroad, byes fag-rih-ba a far distant country 6s.; byes-su ^gro-ba to go abroad, to travel; byes-su O dea-pa to remove, to emigrate Lex.; byes-nas sleb-pa to come from abroad Lex.; byes -pa traveller, for- eigner, stranger; *lam-rog bes-pa yod-pa yin-te* W. proceeding together as fellow- travellers. 2fq* by6-ba Cs. rnd-ba byd-ba to hear, hearken, listen. q<3rJ' byon-pa v. Jbyon-pa. prq* byol-ba v. O byol-ba. byol-sdn animal, esp. quadruped; byol-son-bas glen-pa more stupid than a brute Mil. ; byol-son, rgydl-po the lion Mil. brd-ka v. fd-ka. bra-nye, n. of a lunar mansion, v. rgyu-skdr ?. brd-bji, 1. sbst., n. of a small rodent, living under ground (not mole 6s., but rather suslik, earless marmot Sch.) ; brd-pu- se Ld. a similar animal ( pra-li?); bra- ml,'dr, bra-fsd/t Cs., burrow of it; bra-brim 380 brd-bo bran Lea;., bra-ril Cs., dung of it; bra-lpdgs skin of it. 2. vb. to have or to be in great plenty, to abound (?), rdti-gis za ma bra, btun ma bra, gon ma bra she allowed her- self no abundance of food, drink, or cloth- ing; *za~, tun-, cin-, lab-, zer-dha-te* eat- ing, drinking plentifully; walking, speaking, talking a great deal C. ; *fsa-, (/ho-, dhdn- dha-te* being very hot, warm, cold C. brd-bo (prov. *brau*, Pur. *bro*) buck- wheat; bra-pye Lex., rjen Sch. buck- wheat flour; bra-sog buck -wheat straw, serving as a poor sort of fodder during winter. mr brag rock, brag rtse-ysum-pa a three- ^ ' pointed rock; brag-sked the middle height of a rock, opp. to brag - mjug and rtse its foot and top Cs. brag-spos prob. an aromatic herb, used for incense Lt. brag-skibs beetling rock. brag-rgydl a prominent, high and precipitous rock, tower- ing rock. brdg-ca, -ca echo; also fig. for something unsubstantial, shadowy, not existing Mil. brag-mjug foot of a rock Cs. brag-pug rock-cavern. brag-pye dust produced by hewing stones Glr. *dhag-bhon* = pa-bon C. brag-dmdr name of a rock in or near Lhasa, alledged not to be identic with dmar-po-ri(Sch.). *dag- tsel-wa, dag-sig-pa* mite, tick W. brag- rtsdn rock-lizard. brag-rtse top of a rock. brag-zun mineral pitch, bitumen, is said to cure fevers and even fractures. brag- ri rocky hill. brag-rud fall of a rock. brag-ron chasm in a rock, ravine. brag- sig v. brag-rtsel-ba. q- bran 1. resp. sku-brdn chest, breast, (cf. nu-md); bran rdun-ba to beat one's breast Glr.; *t'u-gu dan-la cir-te Kyer-ce* W. to carry a child pressed against one's breast. bran-kyed (?) Cs. a high, pro- minent chest. brah-dkyil middle of the breast, cardiac region. bran-lkog Mil. prob. = Ikog-ma. bran-skds Sch. the dorsal vertebrae opposite to the chest. *dan - kud* string of the bran - fcun (-gun, -Kon, -gon), pellet-bow, a bow furnished with two strings, to shoot pellets or small stones, bran-rdi or -rdeu, with it W. *dhan-K6g* C. cardiac -region, pit of the stomach. bran-sgro snake, serpent (like lto- gro). bran-bur the middle convex part of the rdo- rje Ma. bran-fsig Lh., prob. heart-burn- ing. bran-(y}zol Cs. dew-lap. bran- ze Mil. prob. breast-bone, sternum. bran- yyun Sch. tame, gentle. bran-rus Med. breast -bone. *dan-ldg* W. the hands crossed on the breast. bran-so Glr. breast, brisket of a butchered animal. 2. also Jbran, gen. Jbrdn-sa, eleg. mcis-brdn (q.v.), resp. yzim-brdn, bzugs-brdti night-quarters, halting -place, whether under a roof or in the open air; also as much as stage (of a journey); brdh-sa O debs-pa Tar., prob. also *bor-ce* W., to take up night -quarters; dwelling, particularly a temporary one, lodg- ings; but also a permanent abode, esp. in W. ; *ddn-sa tdn-ce, ydr-ce* to take in, to lodge a person over night W. (cf. ynas 2). brdn-Kan, dwelling-house, dwelling-room Pth. bran-grogs house-mate, bed-fellow. bran-dpon master of the house, land- lord. po-brdn v. po, bla-brdii v. bla. " bran-ne Lex. = kran-ne. J" brdn-pa v. O brdii-pa. qy- bran 1 . slave, servant, mi-brdn l vir ser- ' VMS' $.#.; 6rcm byed-pa to be a serv- ant, to serve Cs.; brdn-du O gyur-ba to be- come a servant 6s. ; bran - du K6l - ba to make another be a servant, to use him as a servant B. ; brdn-du skul-ba to engage a person as a servant, to get him to work for one's self Glr.', brdn-du Kas-bldns-so Pth. they promised to serve him; lus nag yid ysum brdn-du pul-fe devoting heart, mouth, and body to his service Pth.; nan nub Ito-gos-kyis brdn-du fcol morning and night I am a slave to food and clothing Mil.; subject, one owing allegiance, *la- ddgs-si gydl-po-la ddn-yul-fso* a village subject to, belonging to, the king of Ladak W. ; brdn-po servant, slave Tar. ; brdn-mo maid-servant, female slave; bran-K6l, bran- yyog = bran; also collectively, servants, domestics, household. 2. texture, in the 381 bran-pa compound fags-bran byed-pa to weave Mil.; nye-brcin Mil. seems to be some decoration of the shoes; sno-brc'm Mil. something si- milar. cu-brdn Glr., and mfso-brdn?? bran-pa to pour out Tar. bran -mo 1. v. bran 1. extr. 2. also = *dan-tsos* W. finger, toe. brdb-pa v. Jbrdb-pa. brdm-ze, from 3^]*^ 1. Brahmin, Hindoo priest; brdm-ze-mo female Brahmin; brdm-ze rig-byed O don-pai sgra the voice of a Brahmin reciting the Yedas, being taken as a sign of good luck; brdm- ze-pa an adherent of Brahma. 2. a priest in general S.O. (Ace. to Fouc. transl. of Gyatch. 13 and 52 also = brdhmana, the theological part of the Vedas; this is how- ever against the tenor of the Tibetan text, which requires the word to be taken in the former sense.) 5&T bral v. O brdl-ba. 2j* bri v. Jbri-ba. brid-pa 1. Sch. 'to continue, to reit- erate, to repeat continually; brid-la yton-ba to give again and again'. 2. v. brid-brid-pa Sch.lo float, to move confusedly, before one's eyes. brid-rtsa LtJ bred-pa " brim(s) \. O brim-pa. q*r bris v. O bri-ba; bris-sku, sku-bris pic- ture of a saint, drawn or painted 6s. bris- bur the art of painting and carv- ing images. bris- ma written book. nag-bris a drawing Cs.; fson-bris a coloured picture. brit-ba v. Jbru-ba. .-. ' bru-ba-fsd Lex. hunger. bru-zd or bru-sd Wdk., prob. = gru-zd and gru-sd Pth., O bru-sdl or Jru-sdl Ld.-Glr. Schl. 19, b. 21, a. name of a country to the west of Tibet, bordering on Persia. brhg-pa to flow, to stream, to gush Cs.; sbst. current, flow, flux Cs.; cu brug-pa flowing-water Lex. q*. brun dirt, dung, excrements, mi-brun, >i bya-briin, sbraii-brfin etc. feces of men, birds, flies etc. Med. and elsewh. brub-pa, brubs-pa v. O brub- pa. brul small particles, fritters, bits, crumbs, bag-brul C. crumbs of bread; brul-ba Mil, C. to fall, into an abyss Thg. ; to fall off, fall out, fall down, of leaves, seeds etc. ; brtil-bu, brul-lu = brul W. us v. bru-ba. S- bre,*cle*, Sskr. sffjr, J - a measure for dry things as well fluids, about 4 pints; ace. to 6s. ^ of a Jbo\ bre-bo ce, breu cun large and small bre, Cs.; yser-pye bre gan Glr. one (small) measure of gold-dust ; bre- do two measures; bre-la-yson that will just fill a bre Zam. ; bres bsar - ba to measure with a bre Lex. ; lha-Kan bre-fsad tsam zig a miniature temple, not larger than a bre Glr. ; vulgo also that part of the Chod-rten, which has the shape of a corn -measure; in a general sense, measure, bre-srdn ytdn- la Jbebs-pa Glr. to regulate measures and weights. 2. *bre* Ld. Lh. *bre-se* Run. Eremurus spectabilis, a plant of about a man's height, belonging to the asphodels. 3. v. bre-ba. 5'ffr bre-ko basin for washing C. bre-ga medicinal herb; the same plant) Med. B*n* bre-ba v. O bre-ba; bla-bre, ka-bre Sch. capital, chapiter, upper part of a co- lumn or pillar. bre-mo Sch. unfit, useless, worthless; bre-moi ytam Thgy. bregs-pa v. Jbreg-pa. bren-ba v. O bren-ba. bred-pa to be frightened, afraid, in fear = rtdb-pa\ B. and C.; abrt'fl- gyis diians-sin bred-pa to be frightened by a snake Wdn., or bred-cin dndns-pa /V//.: 382 brel-ba bdhd-kyis bred-na if you are afraid of the devil Glr. ; bred- foms Lex. ; *dhe'-po* fear- ful, frightful, terrible C. j^prq- brel-ba 1. vb. (not the same as Jbrel- bd) 1. to be employed, busy, engaged, to have business or work on hand, ned mJcar- las-l\yis brel- nas Ion mi O dug being engaged in building, we have no time to spare Mil.; O dod Jco-nas brel-na if one is entirely taken up with lust and pleasure; *dhe-rih nd-la, dhel-wa yo', san-nyin sog* to-day I have a great deal to do, come to-morrow C.; brel-bas on account of much business Dzl. 2. synon. with p'6ns-pa to be poor, to be without, wanting, destitute of, c. instrum.: Ions- spy od-kyis brel-ba Dzl. ?2>G, 7; more frq. with a negative: cis kyah mi brel-bar byds-so they did not let him want anything Dzl. 92, 17, Sch.; O fso-bai yo-bydd-kyis mi brel-bar abounding in every necessary of life Dzl. ?\S^S, 3 (ace. to a better reading) ; combined with another word : pons-brel-te ; brel-pon-med-cin Dzl., mi brel-bar not sparingly, scantily, niggardly, e.g. to bestow Dzl. frq. II. sbst. 1. C. and B., a being engaged in a multiplicity of business v. 1,1. - 2. W.: business, affair, concern, *nd-la dtl - wa zig yod* I have some particular business, concern, suit; *del-wa ci yod* what do you want, what are you about, what are you doing there? j^j. bres 1., W. also bres-kyu manger; rta- ^ bres manger for horses. 2. v. bre. 3. v. Jbre-ba. ^f bro 1. oath, bro -fsdl-ba to take an ^ oath(?) Pth., bro Jbor-ba id., dbu-bsnyun dan bro bor - ro Glr. they swore by their heads, nif. 2. dance, bro skrdb-pa Lea;., Krdb-pa Mil., brdun-ba Glr., resp. zabs-bro mdzdd-pa Mil. to dance, leap, gambol, as a manifestation of gladness and mirth, whilst gar byed-pa is a regular kind of dancing, with gentle and waving motions of the body; rna-bro drums and dancing Glr. ; bro-mtian Cs. dancer. 3. Pur. bro v. brd-bo. 4. v. bro-ba. 5. bro-ndd Lex., Mil. and elsewh.; Sch. 'an epidemic disease'; bro- O fsdl Sch. 'cold (in the head), cough, catarrh;' Tar.: pdgs-pa lo man-por sku-bro O fsal-te; Mil. : sin-tu bro- fsdl-bar gyitr-nas. j^-. bro-ba, I. vb. 1. to taste, to smell, vb. a. &n.; ynyid kyan mi bro-bas, not even enjoying (tasting) sleep Dzl.; Kd-ro skyd-ba bro one has an astringent taste in the mouth Med. ; spos bro-o it smells of in- cense Dzl.; dri-ysun zim-pa bro-o it has a pleasant smell Dzl. 2. C. to desire, to wish, = O d6d-pa, blo-bro-ba id.; nu bro-ste being about to weep Mil. II. sbst. taste, savour, flavour, col. bro -blag (*dob-ldg*}, lan-fsa Ka-zds kun-gyi bro-ba skyed salt imparts flavour to any kind of food S.g.; bro ltd-ba or myoii-ba, col. * ''dob-lag nyah- ce* W. to taste, to savour; to try the taste; bro-ba-canCs., * dob -lag-can* W. savoury, pleasing to the organs of taste, exciting the appetite; bro- (ba-~)med tasteless, in- sipid 6s. bro-ma v. gro-ma. brog-zu v. prog-zu. yrod, = bro-ba, taste (zim-po) *dliff- cen* C., *dod-can*W., well-tasted, savoury; * 9 la - fso Sch - : here ' ditary portion, inheritance. bla-yyii, g" bla-sin v. bla II. I'-V bla-re v. bla-bre sub bla I. 6Za# 1. sub bde-bldy q.v. 2. sub btso-blay q.v. bldy-pa \. pf. blags, rnd-ba bldy- pa = md-ba ytdd-pa Le.c. : to incline one's ear to, to lend one's ear, to listen to (bldy-pa not by itself 'to hear' Cs.) - 384 bldh-ba 2. mct-ma blag -pa to shed tears. 3. in blag -pa med-pa, the free translation of 3TP3H <* I f^ <=h- Burn. J, 309 takes it in the signification given by Sch. to bde-bldg, and explains it by 'bare of every convenience or comfort'. bldii-ba v. len-pa. bldd-pa to chew, secondary form to Iddd-paLex. bldn-pa = gldn-pa Cs. jH^* blar, frq. incorr. for slar. n-q- blu-ba, pf. blus, to buy off, to ransom, to redeem, mi de blu-ru yton-ba to pay in order to redeem a man, to pay as a ransom for him Glr.; p'ug-ron-yyi srog blus he redeemed the life of the dove Dzl. ; O di-dag-gis ryyal-poi mgo blu-o therewith 1 will redeem the king's head Dzl.', to re- cover, to redeem, yte-ba, a pawn, pledge, security C.; blu-rin the money or price paid for the redeeming of persons or goods, ransom. r blug-pa v. Idug-pa. blugs-sku molten image; blugs-pdr casting-mould;6%s-wa cast metal, statues, relievos (cf. O bur-ba); blugs-yzdr, dgdn-blugs v. yzar; jd-blugs urn-shaped vessel for pouring out tea etc.; spyi-blugs v. spyi-bo suh spyi; mdr-blugs oil-pitcher. blud-pa 1. vb. Idud-pa. 2. sbst. to blu-ba, release, ransom, redemp- tion Sch. blud-bu v. rlud-bu. nj-q* blun-padu\\, stupid; stupidity, foolish- N? ' ness; blun-po stupid, foolish; fool, idiot; blun-po la -Id . . . O dzin some fools consider it . . . ; blun-poi lugs foolery, fool's opinion, fool's wisdom, expressions frq. used in scientific works to defeat antagonistic views; dge-ba mi byed-pai mi ni blun-po yin the man without virtue is a fool; O dod- yon-la cays sin-tu blun to be given to lust is folly Pth.\ byol-son-pyugs-pas blun more stupid than a beast Mil.; blun-ytam, blun- fsig foolish talk, foolery; blun-dad super- stition MU. (cf. dnos-dad). blus v. blu-ba; blus-ma ransom Cs. & bio I. rarely blo-ba mind ( Was. ^ 1. the intellectual power in man, under- standing, mKds-pai bio dan Iddn-pa Dzl., bio rno-ba Glr. talented, gifted; bio cen-po (cuii-nu) of great (small) mental abilities C. ; bio ysdl -te of a clear understanding, sharp-witted Dzl.', ses-pai bio sagacity, in- telligence, judgment Dzl.; bio - rgyd Sch. comprehensive intellectual power; blomyur- zin being of quick comprehension, sharp Dzl.-, blo-rdb, -Jbrin, -dmdn-pa of sound, moderate, weak intellects or mental faculties Mng., the last expression is frq. used in modestly speaking of one's self Glr. and elsewh. ; blo-yimun-pa intellectual darkness, a darkened mind Glr. ; bio - bag narrow- minded, weak in intellect Sch. ; fcyod ni bio nor-ro you are mistaken; blos-lcogs-pa 'to be competent in mind or judgment' Sch.', blo-na-Jbab'-l understand' Sch.(?) 2. mind, thought, memory, cos dan yi-ge-la bio jug- pa to direct one's thoughts to religion and to learning to read Glr.; bio -la sbyor-ba to impresss on the mind, to inculcate Glr.', blo-la bzugs-pa whatis retained by, treasured up in the memory Ta,r.', blo-la bzun-ba to learn by heart Glr., W.: *loa or lo-na zum-ce* ; bio -fag -cod v. sub fag -pa I. 3. mind, sentiment, disposition (here in part = yid), blo-la O dod-pa to desire; bio O dun-pa interest, concern, v. O dun-pa; mcod-pa byed-pai bio- can de he that has a mind, is disposed, to sacrifice Dzl.; ran bde-bar O dod-pai bio med- par without any regard to his own welfare Thgy.; bio nye-ba friendly sentiment; also: kindly disposed Glr.; sddn-bai bio a hating mind, malevolent disposition Lt. ; bio gro- ba Sch.: 'to get soft, moved, touched, sad', ace. to a native authority : to be agreeably affected by ; bio mfun-pa to be of the same mind, like-minded, with supine also: to agree Glr.; perh. also: to be unanimous, peaceable, on friendly terms Sch. ; fcyed-kyi bio dan mfun-pa agreeably to your wish Mil. ; blor ma son Sch. 'the mind could not take it in' Tar. 51,7, Schf. : 'it did not please 385 blon-po me, I could not reconcile myself to it'; *blo skyel-ba* W., *M-ba* C., cel-ba &.(?), to rely, to depend upon, bio gel-ba to hope Sch. (the correct spelling as yet doubtful) ; bios yton-ba to give up, resign entirely, to risk, venture, e.g. rdn-gi srog Glr., Mil., bio spdn-ba, id. Mil.; *fse- di lo-tdn* monk C.; ^6-cay bios ma tons-par as she was so much attached to us Mil. ; ran -bios ma fons- pa a man attached to himself, in love with himself; bio ytod-pa Schr. to trust, confide (cf. compounds) ; de-las bio zlog-pa Thgy., to subtract, to draw off, divert, dissuade from ; bio brid-pa to deceive, impose upon, cheat Glr. (blo-yi bdag 'conscience' Sch., ace. to Schr. not. an authenticated expres- sion). Comp. blo-Kog-ce confident, courageous, intrepid, undaunted. - blo-gros sense, in- tellect, understanding; blo-gros- kyi ses-bya what is to be discerned by the understanding; blo-gros dan Iddn-pa, blo-gros-can sensible, judicious (of persons), blo-gros cen-po C. of much sense, of an excellent understanding, cun-nu C.,zdn-paMil. of little understanding ; blo-(jros-med unintelligent, injudicious; blo- gros -rgyal-po n. of a medicinal plant, = smug-cun Wdii. bio-can having mind, sense; byis-pai bio-can having the mind or sense of a child, thinking like a child Cs. ; having a mind, v. above mcod-pa byed- pai bio - can de. blo-nyes ill -meaning, malicious Glr. blo-ytdd, blo-ydeh hope, confidence, assurance, bddg-gi blo-yden su- la O ca in whom am I to place my confi- dence. blo-ydeii cos-la byed-pa Glr.\ W.: *lor-tdd or lo-ddn co-ce, kyel-ce(s)*, c. la. blo-rtog prob. = blo-gros, blo-rtog t'a-ddd- pa Pth. people of different mental abilities. - blo-stobs l. C., W. courage. 2. W., ge- nerosity, magnanimity, or perh. also equani- mity, self-command, e.g. if a person remains kind and forbearing towards disobedient servants. bio - fobs counsel, expedient, bio -fobs tsdl-baMa. blo-bde cheerful, happy. blo- dod covetous, greedy. blo- sna 1. blo-sna man-ba Glr. was explained by our Lama: having manifold thoughts, being restless, flighty, giddy. 2. W. dis- position, turn of mind, *lo-na rin-mo* slow- ness, irresolution, also longsuffering, *lo-na fun-se* resoluteness, determination, prompt- ness, both also adj.: slow, irresolute, and: resolute, determined etc. blo-med inju- dicious, foolish Cs. (Dzl 9LL, 18 makes no sense, there being prob. an error in the text. The translation of Sch. seems to be a mere conjecture). blo-bzdn 'sound sense', col. *'lob-zan'*, a very common name .of persons, blo-sed Sch. 'memory, intellec- tual power'. blo-scms mind, soul, heart, blo-sems-bde = blo-bde Mil. blo-bsdm in- tellect; W. : *lo-sdm med-Kan* foolish, one not knowing what he is about. II. frq. incorr. for glo. Sfq- bl6-ba I. vb. to be able = pod-pa; Kyod mi Id-na if you cannot; *di mi lo* that you cannot (dare not) do, prob. only W. vulg. II. sbst. = bio, frq. used by Mil. for the sake of the rhythm. * bio-bur = aid -bur sudden, suddenly; Kyed dd-ltar-gyi dad-pa bio-bur yin thy present faith is new, but just sprung up in thee Mil. ; mi-spyod blo-bur-du O gyur the conduct of men suddenly changes Ma. 'f blon-mo,for Ion-mo, bones or knuckles used as dice Mil. HT- blon 1. Lex. = gros, blon O debs-pa to ' give advice, to counsel; Cs.: to make arrangements 2. v. the following. "sfc'zf blon-po officer(prop. counsellor), any magisterial officer of higher rank; bldn-po danjbans commanding and obeying, higher officers and subalterns Glr. ; more particularly minister (of state); blon(-po) cen(-po) Glr., blon-po bkd-la ytogs-pa Glr., more commonly bka-blon(-po\ high officer of state, minister, governor; Krims-blon mi- nister of justice, officer of justice; rgyal-blon king and minister, also = council, privy- council, Glr. ; cos-blon 1 . (opp. to bdud-blon) an orthodox, faithful minister etc. 2. r- pa seems also sometimes to mean: he who has brought every thing into his power (?), along with nyon-mons-pa-med-pa and sems- rnam-par-grol-ba', dbdn-du sdud-pa to re- duce under one's power Pth.', snyin-rje to make the principle of mercy one's own, to practise it freely Glr., (where O du-ba stands); O gro-ba to comprise all beings, Glr.; dbdn- du byed-pa id.; dban byed-pa c. la, 1. to rule over, to govern, frq. 2. to possess, bddg- gis dban byar med-pa what one does not possess Thgy. dban-sgyur-ba c. la, to govern, to rule, frq.; dban O grub-pa id. seldom. dban skur-ba v. skur-ba and dban, 2. *wan tdn-ce* W. to make efforts, to exert one's self, also = the next. dban zd-ba to offer violence Dzl. 9LV-, 3. dbdn- gis like a postposition, by, by means of, in virtue of, in consequence of, e.g. Ids-kyi of former actions Glr. ; na-rgydl-gyi dbdn- gis from or in consequence of pride Tar. 2. more especially in mythology, dban bcu Dzl. %V%, 14, also stobs-bcu Trigl 8, 6; Gyatch. II, 46, Burn. II, 781 seqq. 1. the ten powers of knowiedge of Buddha, v. Kopp.1,^37 seqq. 2. in later times yzan rjes- su Q dzin-pai dban bcu ten powers tending to the benefit of others are ascribed to the Bodhisattva, Thgy. : fse-la dbdh-ba (respect- ing this form v. below) power over the length of one's own life; sems-la dbdn-ba power according to one's own pleasure to enter into any meditation; yo-bydd-la to shower down provisions for the support of creatures; Ids-la to mitigate the punishments for their sins ; skye-ba-la to effect one's own re-birth in the external world, without dan- ger of being infected by its sin ; mos-pa- la at pleasure to change one object into another; smon-lam-la to see every prayer for the welfare of others fulfilled; rdzu- O prul-la to exhibit wonderful feats for bring- 387 Man ing about the conversion of others; ye-ses- la to understand all writings on religion (ni f .) ; cos-la to convey the publication of religion to all creatures at the same time and in every language. 3. in practical mysti- cism : various supernatural powers (v. skur- a), e.g. pyi nan ysdn-gi dban skur-ba Pth. is alledged to signify : to convey externally, i.e. into the mouth, the power of snan-ba- mfa-yds (this and the two following are names of Buddhas and demons), internally, into the body, the power of spyan-ras-yzigs and lastly into the mind perfect purity, i.e. the rfa-myrin, and together with it power over the demons. 3. regard, considera- tion (?). In later writings the composition of dbdn-du byds-na (mdzdd-na etc.) c. genit. (instead of which in C. also dbdn-du sor- na, son-na are said to be in use), is frq. to be met with, signifying as much as: when ... is concerned, when ... is in question, for the purpose of, or merely : respecting, as regards: legs-pai, jigs-pai, btsdn-pai when beauty, firmness, formidable appear- ance (of a royal castle) are concerned, are the points in question Glr,; shdgs-kyi dbdn-du rtsis-pai slo-ka prob. the Slokas being numbered with a regard to the Man- tras, i.e. including the latter Tar. 127, 16. 4. symb. num. : 5 (dban being taken for dbdn-po). Comp. and deriv. dban-bskur consecra- tion, inauguration, initiation Was. (189), = dban-bskyur might, power, e.g. sans-rgyds- kyi Glr. dban-grdl the row of those that are to be ordained or consecrated. dbdn- can mighty, powerful Cs. dban -fan \. might, = mna-fan, dban-fan-med-pa low, mean, of inferior rank Dzl. 2. time, chro- nology Lexx. 3. destiny, fate, predestined fate, or rather the destiny of any creature con- sequent to its former actions, fse dan dban- fdn, frq.; dban-fan-med-pa may therefore imply: having no destiny, i.e. no particular destiny. dban- dus-po-brdn 'Angdopho- rung' of the Indian papers, n. of a fort in Tibet. dbaii-lddn mighty, powerful ; dban- Iddn-gyi pyogs Daman, dbdn-poi pyogs Sbh., dbdn-po is said to be north-cast. dbdn-po v. the next article. dban-pyug 1 . adj . mighty, also sbst.: dban-pyug yzdn-las ce-ba Glr. 2. symb. num.: 11. 3. noun proper a. Iswara, Siva Glr. , hence also the Lingam as his emtlem 6r/r. b. Avalokitesvara(r/r. dbdn- ba 1. vb. c. la = dban byed-pa, e.g. rgyal- srid-la mi dban he does not succeed to the throne; gen. with accus. yog O di dbdn-ba yin one ... belongs to this one Mil.; bdag dbdn-bai rgyal-p'rdn the vassals under my sway Dzl. 2. sbst. = dban, e.g. fse-la dbdn- ba (v. above). dban-ris prob. domain, dominion. dban(-po)-ldg(-pd) a medicine, said to be prepared from a viscid, aromatic root, shaped like a hand. dban-ses per- ception, by means of the organs of sense Was. (278). dbdn-po 1. possessed of power, do- minion, nor-gyi dbdn-por gyur Dzl. (Ms.}; lord, ruler, sovereign, esp. divine rulers: Indra, also lhai dbdn-po; further rgydl-bai dbdn-po, fub-pai dbdn-po the highest of the Buddhas Glr. 2. organ of sense, dbdn-po lna(-po) a. the five organs of sense, eyes etc., also dbdn-poi sgo Ina Med. b. Trigl. 17, 6, five immaterial, trans- cendent senses of Buddha, which are in unison with his five powers, stobs Ina, as stated by Burn. II, 430, v. Kopp. I, 436. In natural philosophy six organs of sense frq. are mentioned, ?H4f being added as the sixth; medical writings also treat of dbdn- po dgu or dbdn-poi sgo dgu, v. bu-ga. 3. sense, intellectual power, dbdii-po rnon-po of acute intellect, dbdn-po rdul-po of obtuse intellect, also as common expressions for sagacious or dull Dzl. ; dbdn-po nyams the senses are weakened, become dull Med.; lus sems dbdn-po body, soul, and senses (are glad, are pure etc.) Dom.; dbdn-po yso-ba to gladden, strengthen, revive, the senses Mil.; rdn-gi sems -las dbdn-poi rnam-ses O byun out of the spirit (of the personality which during the time between two periods of existence is in a disembodied state) the sense-endowed soul (of the new individual) is generated (in the process of conception) 388 S.g. 4. genitals, Wdn. and elsewh. ; dbdn- po lag-pa v. dban-ldg sub dban. jrq^'&j- dbdr-mi Sch. a faint-hearted, timo- rous man. rnor dbal Lex. = tog and rtse-mo top, sum- mit, point e.g. of a mcod-rten Glr.; the point, or ace. to some the grooves of the pur-pa or exorcising dagger; rtai dbal bzan-nan LexJ dbdl-ba v. Jbal-ba. rq dbu resp. for mgo, head, frq. ; beginning, 3 commencement, e.g. of holy doctrine Glr.- *'u Idn-ce* W., the mode of greeting between Lamas, by touching each other with their fore-heads; to bless (a layman by imposition of hands); dbu mdzdd-pa to be the head, the principal person, e.g. in an assembly of believers Mil; more defi- nitely: dbu mdzdd-do he was my instructor Mil. dbu-skrd the hair of the head. - dbu-rgydn ornament of the head, diadem Mil. dbu-rnds Sch. pillow. dbu-can furnished with a head, i.e. with a thick stroke at the top (of a letter), hence the name of the Tibetan printing characters. dbu-cen 1. higher officer. 2.dbu-cun subaltern officer 6s. dbu-r)e Reverence, Reverend, title of Lamas. dbu-snyuh bzes-pa Sch., dbu-snyun dan bro O bor-ba Glr. resp. to swear by one's head. dbu-fod royal cap, crown. dbu-mfun drun-du resp. the same as zabs drun-du in directing letters : To ... dbu- pdn elevation, high rank, dignity, stod-pa to praise, smdd-pa to despise, to revile (dignities). dbu-ma 1. n. of the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. 2. principal vein, v. rtsd-ba. 3. the middle (-doctrine), middle -road, YfVRT? which endeavours to avoid the two extremes Was., also dbu-mai lam or ltd-ba; dbu-ma-pa an adherent of this doctrine Sch., cf. however mdo extr. dbu-med the Tibetan current hand-writing, cf. dbu-can. dbu-rmog Zam. w.e. ; in W. *gydl-po u-mog co zig* is said to signify: Long live the king! dbu-rtse the top, pinnacle, of a temple, monastery Glr. dbu-mdzdd (cf. dbu mdzdd-pa above) chair- man, principal, warden, in convents an offi- cial that takes the lead in performing the dbus prayers. dbu-zwd cap. dbu-sog title- page Sch. dbii-ba v. Ibu-ba. dbugs 1. breath, respiration, dbugs rnub-pa dan O byin-pa or Jbyuii-ba to respire, to inhale and exhale air Med., W. *ton-ce* for Jbyun-ba; dbugs O byin-pa to stop for rest, to recover one's breath Sch. (and perh. Pth.); dbugs-dbyun fob-pa to be eased in one's mind, after despondency Tar.; *'ug gyan bor-ce* W. to stop, to keep back one's breath ; *'ug sub or kor tdn-ce* W. to choke, suffocate, strangle, throttle; skye- gro fams-cdd-kyi dbugs len-pa to take away the breath of beings (which is ascribed to the demon pe-dkdr) Glr.\pyi-dbugs seems to be the last breath of a dying man, but ndn- dbugs is some fantastic physiological notion Thgr. ; dbugs mde-ba and mi-bde-ba an easy and a hard breathing Med. frq. ; dbugs-fun short breath; dbugs rdzdn-ba or brdzdns-pa shortness of breath, asthma, as a complaint of old age Thgy.; dbugs lheb-l/teb byed-pa to pant, to be pursy Med. dbugs-rgod Lt. ? dbugs-ndn Sch. flatulence. dbugs febs-rel Sch. 'in one breath' ? 2. a breath, one respiration, as smallest measure of time = j-gVff Kyim 4 seconds. * dbun Lex. = dbus. dbub-pa v. Jbubs-pa. dbur termin. of dbu, Sch. first, at first. dbur-ba, also ^ur-ba, 'ur-ba to smooth, sog-bu paper, ras woollen stuff, yzdl a pavement Cs.; *'ur gydg-pa* 6'., *gydb-ce* W. to iron, to smooth linen etc., *'ur-cag* smoothing-iron. dbul-ba I. vb. v. O bul-ba. II. adj. poor, indigent Dzl; sbst. poverty, want, penury, dbul-ba sel-ba to relieve want Glr. ; dbul-zin O p6ns-pai rigs a poor and indigent generation Dzl.; hence frq. dbul- pons poor, a poor man, pauper Mil.; poverty Glr. ; usually dbul-po, fern, dbul-mo, poor. - dbus (Ld. *W, C. *V) 1. middle, midst, centre, fdg-pai dbus tsdm-du dben-pa 389 " dbyi-mon pyin - nas having proceeded about to the middle of the rope Dzl.; skye-boi dbus-su in the midst of the people Tar.' fan ynyis- kyi dbus-ri the hill (mountain) in the middle between the two plains Glr.; dbiis-kyi ri- rgydl Sumeru standing in the centre (of the world) Mil.; seldom relative to time: bzugs- pai dbus-su whilst he was sitting Glr.; in metaphysics : dbus dan mfa 'the medium and the extremes' 6s. A siat. Researches XX, 577 dbiis-ma the middle one (of three or more persons) Mil., (of inanimate things) Glr. 2. in a specific sense: the central province of a country, a. of India, hence = Magadha, the holy land, land of Buddha Thyy. b. of Tibet, the province U; dbus- pa an inhabitant of it; dbus-ytsdn U and Tsan. en*-- dben-pa solitary, lonely, e.g. a road Dzl; solitude, loneliness, dben-pa O di-na iu tbis solitude Dzl. ; dben-par O yro- ba or ynds-pa frq.; dben, id.: dben-la dga Ma.; dben-(pai} ynas, sa solitary place, esp. hermitage ; dben-ynas cen-po brgydd-kyi sa earth from the eightgreat hermitages, sacred places of pilgrimage in India Glr.; like bstons-pa the word is construed with the instrum. case: mas dben-pa, solitary as to a mother, i.e. motherless; snyin-pos dben- pa = snyin-po med-pa Tar. dbo 1. n. of a lunar mansion, v. ryyu- skdr, no. 99. 2. the belly-side of fur. * dbo-ba v. Jbo-ba. dbon-po ( W. *'6n-po*, C. *'om-po*) 1. B. resp. for fsd-bo grandson; nephew; dbon-srds id. Glr.; dbdn-mo fern.; mes-dbon ancestor and grandchild Glr.; dbon-zdn Glr. 95 seems to denote son-in- law and brother-in-law, with which also Sch.'s Mongol transl. agrees, Geschichte d. Ost-Mong. p. 359 med. 2. Lama-servant C. 3. a certain sect of Lamas, clad in red, shorn, and married, = *sor-kyim-pa f , C., W. 4. a Lama skilled in astrology, who for instance, when a person has died, performs those ceremonies, that serve to avert harm from the survivors W. db6l-ba Cs. = rtol-ba, Lex. rd:iii dbol-ba. d by ((f ' ts , *#'<(*)* L singing, song, tune, melody, ylu-dbydns id.; lun- bstdn-gyi dbyaiis prophetic song, psalm Mil.; dbyans^-su) len-pa, dbyans byed-pa to sing Dzl ; sfod(-pai) dbyans song of praise, hymn of thanksgiving, *jh&-pa* C., *pul-ce* W.; ydun- dbyans a song of aspi- ration Mil. dbydris-can Glr. a deity, prob. = jam-dbydns-can-ma Saraswati, goddess of euphony. dbyans-snydn sweet singing. dbydns-pa singer 6s. *yan-zu* bow for a violin, fiddle -stick W. 2. vowel, hence dbyans-yig 1. the (four) signs of the vowels, Gram. 2. Cs.: notes (of music) or any contrivance for marking the modula- tion of sounds; so perh. also Glr. dbyar summer, in India : rainy season (cf. dus); also dbydr-ka, dbydr-Ka Mil., W., dbydr-dus, Cs.dbydr-mo; dbyar- dgun-med-par summer and winter Mil.; dbyar B.,dbydr-ka-la col. in summer;c?fy/ar- ynds 1. summer-abode, Sch. 2. the solitary summer-fasting of the monks; dbyar-skyes 'summer-born 1 ; dbyar -rnd summer-drum, po. expression for thunder 6s. dbyar- cdr summer-rain Cs. dbyar -zwa sum- mer-hat. dbydr-pa (Pur. *sbydr-pa*, elsewh. *ydr-pa*} poplar, various kinds of which tree are found in the vicinity of vil- lages, cultivated or growing wild. (Wdn. also sbydr-pa.) rq- dbyi (*yi, com. ''*) 1 . lynx, dbyi-mo the ^ female of this animal, dbyi-prug a young one; dbyi-fsda lair of it. 2. in U: beer, = can. dbyi-gu = dbyig-gu little stick, cf. dbyig-pa. ^.,_. dbyi-ba, prob. only fut. to O pyi-ba, to wipe off, to blot out, to efface, Lex.: ri-mo, a drawing. Sch. however no- tices also a perf. dbyis. dbyi-mo flax(?). . dbyi - mon medicinal herb , used against delirium Med.; Cs. : 'a plant 390 of an acrid taste, used as tea' ; in Lh. Po- tentilla Salesovii, of which neither the one nor the other fact is known to me. ^ dbyig(s) 1 . = nor wealth, riches, treasures, nor-dbyig id. DzL; dbyig-can rich, dbyig-med poor 6s.; dbyiy- mdn Lex. 2. prob. = dbyig-ynyen, pre- cious stone or a kind of such (r/r.andelsewh. I" dbyig-pa stick, = dbyug-pa. ]* dbyig-puSch.: 'implement for clean- NS ing, scouring, polishing'. dbyin-za Sch.: summer-hat ('?). ns 1. syn. with &fo, com. m/cai dbyins or dbyifis alone: the heavens, celestial region, rgydb-la brag dmar ndm-mlcai dbyins red rocks behind and the expanse of heaven Mil, ; Kyeu dbyin-su yal the youth disappearing was carried up to heaven Pth.; dbyins-na bzugs-pai dd-ki-ma Mil. 2. height Schr.-, the above passage was also rendered: red rocks behind, as high as heaven. 3. in metaphysics an undefined idea of extent, region, space, \irnT, (cf. klon\ cos-kyi dbyins, \f?faT ' swing, brandish, flourish, a stick, a sword; to wag, riid-ma the tail 6s ; *yug yug )he'-pa* W., to swing to and fro , to dangle; *yug toil* Wl, swing! dangle! 2. to throw, cast, fling, *gydl-kar-ne do* C., to fling a stone through a window; to throw away, to throw down, *yug-le zog* C. (= *pdn-te bor* W.), throw it away! II. sbst , stick, C.; *yug-pa gydb-pa* C. to strike, to beat with a stick, dbyug-to Glr., dbyiig- fo, id. (Sch. club?) Lex. : = ber-ka, dbyug-to-can wielding a stick; n.p. r dbyuii-ba, fut., and in 6'. secondary form to the pres. O byin-pa. rB'JH* dbye-ba, (regular pronunciation *ye- ^ u-a, com. V-im*). I. vb. fut., and in C. secondary form of O byed-pa. II. sbst. 1. parting, partition, division, distinction, clas- sification Thgy. 2. section, part, class, species, dbye-ba nyi-su ysuits twenty diffe- rent species are named Lt. ; yi-ge O di dbye- ba ynyis these letters are divided into two classes; hence like sna-fsogs: sgyu-rtsdl dbye-ba manifold arts, artifices Smbh. dbye-brdl Lex.: discord, dissension. jrn<3Tr dbyen-pa (*yen-pa, com. 'en-pa*, dben-pa), difference, dissension, dis- cord, schism, dge- dun-gyi dbyen-pa byed-pa to create discord, to cause a schism among the priesthood DzL; dbyen Jbyed pa to make a difference, to discriminate Sch. med, dbye-ru-med-pa, dbyer-mi-pyed-pa in- 391 dbyes separable, not to be distinguished, quite the same, identical Glr. and elsewh.; bid-mar dbye/r-med prob. : identical with a Lama; esp. in the higher philosophy in reference to the impossibility of distinguishing be- tween good and evil (!). dbyes Schr.: magnitude, size, dimen- sions, so perh. where dprdl-bai dbyes ce is mentioned as a characteristic of beauty. dbrag, v. prag, intermediate space, interstice;. ravine, glen, defile, C.;Sch. also: vise, handvise. "]" dbrdd-pa v. O brdd-pa. "CJ" dbrdb-pa v. Jbrdb-pa. dbrdl-ba v. J>rdl-ba. o bdd-pa dbri-ba v. O bri-ba. dbre - btson (?) Sch. ; Lex. dbre- btsog dirt, filth. J" dbrog-pa v. O prog-pa. Jba Sch.: 'seizure, distraint'; or rather the liability of paying higher interest, payment not having been made at the ap- pointed time ; Jba-gan, Jba-gan-yig warrant for thus proceeding against a debtor C. ; ba-caWdn.; Sch.: lees from dis- tilling brandy. O bd-po magician, sorcerer, conjurer; Jbd-mo sorceress, witch 6s., W. O bd-ba 1. to bleat, W. *ba tdn-ce*. - 2. to bring, to carry, O ba-sog bring it hither! Sik., Jba-soh take it there! - 3. to commit adultery C. qqQ*H" O bd-bo, 6s. = pug -pa, hole, cave, cavern, brdg-gi cleft in a rock, grotto; O bd-bo-can hollow, excavated. onQ*n* Jbd-byi a kind of cake, baked of ^ parched rice or maize meal, fre- quently eaten with the tea C. O bd-zig B. only, solely, alone, bdag Jbd-zig tdr-ro I alone escaped DzL; rkdn-pa O bd-zig the foot alone (ap- peared party-coloured) DzL: blon-po de Jbd- zig-gi cun-ma only this officer's wife DzL] mere, nothing but, yser dan dhul Q ba-ziy-ag 1. mask, guise, disguise; cf. also sub sgo-lo. 2. imitation, effigy, like- ness, figure, O dra- Q bdg resp. sku- bag, zuL- O bdy id. ; O dra- bag-gyon-mi masked persons Pth O bag- cam, prop, masquerade, masked ball; 6s.: buffoonery, grimaces. O bdg-pa I. vb. pf. Jbags, fut. dbag? cf. sbdg-pa, to defile, to pollute one's self, bud-med dan with women DzL] O dod-cdgs~la through lust DzL ; to defile, to soil, to dirty, snod-la a vessel DzL &&, 7? '2. C. to take away, to steal, to rob; to covet, to wish to take, c. la Mil. (ace. to oral in- formation). ^ a #~% a sli g ht elevation, hil- lockTF. J^ag-rdg spider, J)ag-rdg-gi fsan cob-web Sik. O t>ags-lhag resi, remainder, rem- nant (of food) Mil. J>dn-ba to be soaked, macerated, softened by soaking Cs.,cf.sbdn-ba. o^ a " s subject, rgydl-po O bdns-su ^on the king turns into a subject Ma.\ Jbans byed-pa to obey, bkai Jbans bgyid- par (or bka-Jbaiis-su) fcas-blans-so they pro- mised to obey, to perform the command- ment Mil. frq. ; bdris-su bye"d-pa Cs. to re- duce under one's dominion ; gen. collective- ly: the people, the subjects, opp. to blon- po officers, magistrates, or rje, rg$dl-po etc. - Iha-bdus Tar. 165, 22 Schf.: slaves be- longing to a temple. O bdd-pa I. vb., imp. O bod, to en- deavour, to exert one's self, apply one's self, c. la or the terrain.; dus-rgyun- du cos-la Jbdd-pa de this (habit of) con- stantly applying one's self to religion Mil. ; also c ace. : dkd-ba brgya-prdg to perform a hundred exercises of penance ; col. to cul- tivate, raise, rear, take care of, zifi or sa- yzi to cultivate the ground, rgun- brum to grow vines, dud- Q gro to breed cattle; slob- par to apply one's self to learning, glen- mo fco-nar to devote one's self exclusively to public speaking, preaching C. 11. sbst, 392 bab application, study, exertion, O bdd-pa drdg-pos with most persevering application; Jbdd- pa dan rtsol-ba med-par without any exer- tion Glr.; hence Jbad-rtsol id.; skyes-bus srnb-pai Jbad-rtsol an assiduous rubbing with a human hand Wdn.; del Jbad-rtsol- gyis through his endeavours Thgy.; prob. also: volition, energy of will S.g.; the pas- sage in Thgy.: byaii-cub ci fob-la Jbad O fsdl- lo, is perh. not quite correct. Jbab l . a fall of snow Mil. 2. tax, dutySp. Jbdb-pa, pf. bab(s), imp. Jbob Cs., bobs Glr., to move downward 1. to descend, ld-nas col., a defile, in B. gen. with las, e.g. rtd-las Dzl., also rtd-Ka-nas Glr. to alight from a horse, mostly with Id, although ri-la Jbdb-pa may also mean : to alight (flying) on a mountain Dzl. ^V^,"2. 2. to fall down, yndm-la Kd-ba Jbab snow falls from heaven Dzl. to flow, the usual word; to flow off; mi-ytsdn O bdb-pai ytor- Kun sink-hole, for dirty water to run through Lex. 4. to alight on, to enter into, of demons Lt. 5. in a general sense, like to get: nya skdm-la Jbdb-pa a fish that has got on dry ground; nd-la re-mos Jbab Pth., or res Jbab Tar. it is my turn ; srog- la O bdb-bo Dzl. life is at stake; frq. in re- ference to time: ci-bai dus-la bdb-bo it has come to the time of dying, the hour of death has arrived; without a genit. : it is time ; skdbs-la bdb-bo there is now an op- portunity!)^. Jbab-cu river, rivulet, brook; also rain. Jbab-stegs access or descent to the water, steps leading to a bathing- place Hind. ' :: 'ghat. O bdb-mo* W. conde- scending, affable. Jbam 1. rkan-Jjdm a disease of the foot Sch. : gout. 2. Jbdm - yig v. yi-ge. Jbdm-pa Cs. putrefaction, rottenness; to be putrid, rotten, cf. bdm-pa. Jbdr-ba (vb.n. to sbdr-bd) 1. to burn, me Jbdr-bai Kdn-pa a burning house Thgy.; to catch fire, to be ignited; to blaze Dzl. ; also in reference to the passions frq. ; to beam, radiate, jd-du in light Tar. ; Jbdr-du ruii-ba Cs. combustible. 2. to open, to begin to bloom, to blossom, frq. 3. to talk, tattle, to be garrulous, babbling, *Jbar ^o-pa me'* it is not worth while to talk about it C. ; Ko nd-la mdn-po Jbar O dug he treats me to a long gossip C ; esp. to brawl, quarrel, chide, Ka- bdr quarrelsome, brawling Mil.; mdn-du Jbdr-du byun-ba-las as she was going to brawl still longer Mil. ; *bar-kdd tdit-ce* to rail at a person W. 4. dpal Jbar-ba Cs. to be celebrated, famous. Jbar-Jbdr 1. sbst. a high, pointed hill, cf. Jbag-Jbog. 2. adj. un- even, rough; pock-marked. Jbal-ba, used only with skra, I . to part, dress, arrange, the hair, as it is customary with the monks and nuns of certain sects; in Kham also national costume; stoa yyas Jbal yyon O bal byed-pa (of a nun) Pfh.; *bdl - O go - cen* a person wearing the hair thus dressed C.; skrd-Jbal- can, prob. id. ; C. : name of an old Indian sect. 2. as a sign of mourning, to have the hair disheveled, hanging down in dis- order Pth.; so also DzL ?c^y,17, ace. to correct reading; Jbal-Jbdl shaggy Sch. Jbi-Jbi small lumps of clay Cs. %( s )~f a ' P f - -W' fut - *% imp. jt%(s) and O biig(s)-pa, pug, dbug, pug, also pig-pa, pug-pa, 1. to sting, of insects Stg. ; to pierce, rdo-rje-yis ni rin-cen pug the diamond pierces the pre- cious stone Pth.; to bore, sin -la bug -pa Jbiig-pa to bore holes into wood Glr.; in a gen. sense, to make a hole, rkdn-pa Kyis pug the dog bit my foot Mil.; Icdn-pa Jbig- pa Thgy. and elsewh., to break into, to break open ; *Jt>ig gydb-pa*, id. C. ; cu- gdgs Jbiys it removes strangury Med. 2. C. to de- flower, to lie with, obscene. *bug-ce* W. to make remarks on an absent person, to criticize. biys-byed, n.p., n. of the Vindhya mountains (v. f^^). Jbin, *jham-bin* C., resp. *sol- bm* tea-pot. Jnb(s)-pa = Jbub(s)-pa Sch. 393 Jmm Q Jbti worm, insect, any small vermin, ^ esp. euphem. for louse; O bu-srtn, srin- Jbu, id.; O bu-skyoys snail Med.; O bu-tags Cs., cob-web ; *bu-ydn* (prob. a mere corruption of biin-ba) humble-bee W.; *><-///; * snake W. Jbu-ba, pf. Jbus 1. to open, to unfold, of flowers, esp. with KaPth. 2.6s. : to be lighted, kindled, set on fire. n"rzj' O bu-ma Sch. : tool used in forging ^ ' nails. O bu-rds a coarse silky material, stated to be imported into Tibet from Nepal, and to come from some other insect than the silk-worm. O bu-la 1. 6'., W. shoe of plaited straw. 2. 6'.: *ko-wa bu-la*, a kind of leather, resembling chagreen. bu-su-hdh medicinal herb Med. . awl, puncher; chisel. - Jbu/ts-pa, prop.: to fall upon in a body, to rush in upon, = rub- pa; cos-la Jbuiis apply yourselves with might and main to religion! it is also used of one person: O bad O buns he summons all his strength, strains every nerve Dzl, n qr-n- O bud-pa I. pf. bus, pu(s) (the latter form prob. transit., the former in- transit.) fut. dbu, imp. pu(s) l.vb.n to blow, Ids-kyi rlun Jbud-cin whilst the wind of works is blowing; cos - kyi dun bus the trumpet of religion blew (was blown). 2. vb. a. to blow, dun the trumpet; to blow away, rluit-gis sbur-ma bits-pa /far like chaff blown off by the wind DzL; to blow up, to fan, me the fire, frq.; to blow into, to inject, e.g. to apply a clyster C.; to blow or breathe upon, bser-bus to be encountered by a cold wind Med.; to inflate, to distend by injecting air, lus kun bus-pa Itar skraiis Mng.; O bud- O dun Wdk. = duri trumpet. Cf. sbud-pa and pu. W. *pu-ce*. II. pf. imp. pud, fut. dbud W. *pud-ce*, trs.: 1. to put off, pull Off. take off 6'., W., the turban, hat, coat, ring etc. Glr. and elsewh.; to throw down. pud bzdy-yo Glr., = * Q pan-ste* bar W., v. sub O pen-pa. 2. to drive out, expel, cast out, chase away, with the accus. of the person and place, ynl out of the country Tar.: //> bun-pa to itch; *bun, zd-bun* the itch, itching W. ; *bun rag* I feel an itching (J5. yyd-ba). qqq*q* J>ub-pa, pf. bub, imp. bub(s), 1. to be turned over, upside down, frq. with Ka, Ka- bub - tu nyal he lies with his face undermost; Ka- bub-tu bzag or bar it is placed with its top lowermost, inverted, tilted, turned over; lag- bub (or -bubs) byed- pa Sch.: stumbling to fall on the hands. 2 fig., to be overthrown, destroyed, spoiled, with regard to meditation Mil. Jbubs - pa, pf. imp. pub(s), fut, dbub, W. *pub-ce*, to put on a roof, or something for a roof; fog to make, construct a roof; gur to pitch a tent; gru- corner-pavilion S.g. r O buw one hundred thousand, Jbum- fso id. ; rgyai dmay Jbiim - fso lha 394 o bum-pa o bebs-pa 500000 Chinese Glr.; O bum-prdg fcig a hundred thousand; Jyitm-fsv drug 600000; mgur-Jbum the 100000 songs, v. mgur-ma. p^g. Jbum-pa tomb, sepulchre Cs., sku- Jbum,ydun-Jb>'tmCs., id.; sku-Jbum (*kum-bum*) n. p., a large monastery on the Chinese frontier, v. Hue, also Kopp., who traces the name back to the preceding word. Jbur-ba, I. vb. l. to rise, to be prominent, sbdn-la brdg-ri Jbur-ba cig a rocky hill rising from the green-sward Mil.; Jbur-du ddd-pa v. dod-pa', Jbur-durko- ba to emboss, to work out relievos Glr.; *Jbur-ko gydb-pa* C , *biw bur dug* it is getting green W. 3. to increase, augment, *no kye-na o-ma bur dug* Avhen the fields are getting green, milk be- comes more plentiful W. kyon-Jbur gold and silver ornaments in relievo on some other metal. glo - Jbur, bio- Jbur seems to be a technical term for some part of a building Glr. bris -Jbur paintings and sculptures. bur-rko-mJcan , Q bur-bzo-pa engraver. Jwr-sku relief-picture Jbur- rgod (s.l.c.)Ld.-Glr., ScM. 17, b., mentioned among various musical instruments (?). Jbur-joms with byed-pa to reduce elevations, to smooth uneven ground ; fig. Mil., to pro- strate an opponent in disputation. Jbur-po I. Sch.: projecting, prominent; a protuberance, tumor, rus-pai Jbur-poi Idebs near the pro- tuberance of the bonel/<%?. 2. having protuber- ances, uneven, rough, opp. to Jdm-po, of the sk'mMed. Jbur-ma embossment, relievo II. sbst. protuberance, e g. a boil, pustule etc. qqorq* JM-ba I. vb., pf. imp. put, fut. dbul (X .'.'**), W - *pM-ce* 1. to give, when the person receiving is considered to be of higher rank (cf. yndn-bd), ci tsam zig dbul-bar bgyi how much shall we give you? Peer Introd. p. 70, 18; to bring in, e.g to place a criminal before the king Dzl.\ gar dan rtsed-mo rgydl-po-la Jbul-ba to per- form dances etc. before the king Dzl.;ytsug- lag-Han rgydl-po-la )'zigs-par Jbul-ba to show the king the conveut-teniple Glr. ; to lay before, represent, report, like ysdl - ba, fsul rgyas pul-bas as they had given him a minute report of the manner in which . . . Mil.', pul zig communicate it to me Mil.' Jbul-barpul-nasMil., prob. proposing to give, offering; lam to put a person in the way of, to put in a condition, to enable Mil.] specifically in dating letters: dkar- mddns-nas pul given at Kardang. 2. to add (arith.) Wdk. II. sbst. offering, gift, present, Jbul-ba man-po pul Mil., also byed- pa Pth. Jbus-pa 1. v. O bu-ba. 2. = Jbiir- ba>\ prominent. O bu*-Mn Sch. a coppice of young trees. Jbe-dha (*bc-da*\ a class of itinerant musicians, cf. mon W. (This seems not to be a Tibetan word, but to belong to one of the mountain dialects; its spelling also ace. ivLd.-Glr., Schl. 25, b. p. 15 - may be wrong). J^ &&> * bem* W., C., 1 . aim, goal, target, Jben O dzugs-pa to set up a target; Jben-la y tod-pa to aim, to take aim ; Jben-sa the place where the target is to be set up; specifically: the central part of the target, the mark. 2. scope Cs. - 3. putrefaction Sch., = Jbam. o ben-dug Cs. rags, tatters. JMbs-pa, pf pab, fut. dbab, imp. pob W. *pdb-ce' ) causative to Jbdb- pa 1. to cast down, throw down, lto-ba sa-la to cast one's self on the ground Dzl. ; sa- rdul Jbebs bcug he made (the pigeon) throw down dust Glr. ; to cause to rain (e.g. jewels) frq. ; Kyeu cu O bebs-kyi ri-mo a picture re- presenting two youths who, driven by piety, conveyed by means of an elephant skins filled with water to the fishes in a dried- up pool Glr.) mig sna-rtser to keep one's eyes directed towards the tip of the nose. - 2. to subject Dzl. AS , 12. 3. to put off, to lay aside, e.g. bag \. 4. used in a variety of phrases: ynas Jbebs-pa W. *zi pdb - ce* to take up one's residence in a place; dpya Jbebs-pa, with la, to impose 395 bem J,6d-pa taxes Tar., cf 66; s%ow Jbebs-pa to imj)ute a crime to a person, to calumniate Glr. ; *(s)/'ad pab-ce* W. to translate; Wo, resp. fw a kind f upper-garment, po-Jbog, for men, mo- bog for females C's. 2. W.: a square cloth, for wrapping up and carrying provisions, also *bog-ca*, hence *bog-{es* a burden thus formed. 3. W., a small hillock; *sa-bog, be- bog* a sand- hill; *ri-bog* a projecting hill, also a clod; *paii-bog* a piece of turf. O bog-col v. sbug-col. O boy-f6, zwd-mo Jbog-fo 6s., hat with a broad crown of yellow cloth, and trimmed with long-haired fur. O bo'} % pa Pth , id.; Jbog yun rin-na Lt. prob.: when the fainting-fit lias lasted a long time; smijo- Q bog madness, insanity, Jjyuii sets in, takes place Glr. ; Jbog- si being quickly carried off, by cholera etc. W. 5. to wade, to dip into, to submerge, cu-la Dzl. also cu Lex. to wade through the wa'er. J> 6 y 8 -pa, P f - fut d%, dbag, imp. pog, 1. to give, to impart, ydams-i>dy, luii ccmnsel, advice, directions Tar. ; /end. bsldb-pa Mil. instruction ; sdi'im- pa to impose religious duties, i.e. to receive into holy orders Glr. ; to bequeath, to give(?), nor Lex. 2. yzi-ma to fit up a dwelling, Jbebs-pa Glr. ; gro Jb^gs-pa to take break- fast. 3. to blot, stain, pollute, v. Jbdg-pa. bon - ba 6s., roundness, rotundity, Jbon-Jbon, round; ace. to my in- formants *bon-bon* loose, slack, incoherent W. - " Jbod 1 . v. Jbod-pa. 2. v. Jbdd-pa. Jbod-pa^ bod-pa, pf. imp. bos, W. *bo-ce, bos (boi, bo}*, 1. to call, to exclaim, sdod cig ces bds-so he exclaimed: wait! Dzl.', mi zig B., mi zig-la col., to call a person; rtsar Glr., mdun-du Pth. to call near; ndn-du to call in; Q b6d-pai brda or fsig interjection Gram ; con -la Jbod-pa to call, to invite, to a cup of beer Dzl. ; ma bos-par V 6n-ba to come uninvited Dzl. ; / it- cos Jbod-pa Wdn., Jbod-grogs-pa Dzl. to cry repeatedly; *bos-ra* Ld., *boi-ra, bo-ra*Lh., ' tdn-ce or gydb-ce* id. W.', iiu-Jbod howling, v. im-ba. 2. to call, to name, to deno- minate, yul-skad. . . Jb6d-pa commonly called, styled . . . Wdn. 396 bobs O bobs, n t exactly 'stocking' (Sch.), but a soft, warm stuffing of the stockings ; *bob-zon* a shoe provided with such stuffing C. O bor-ba, pf. imp. bor, 1. to throw, cast, fling, e.g. the mendicant's bowl up in the air, the sword to the ground Dzl.', zdm-pai f og - tu to precipitate a person from a bridge Dzl. ; p-yir to cast out Thgy. ; *ma bhor-wa )he'* C. don't throw it away! *bhor son* I've lost it C. bor-ytor, bor-stor, bor-ddr, dor-Jbor-ba Mil. and elsewh. id.; to throw away, pour away, cu water C. ; to waste, to squander Dzl. 2. to leave, forsake, Kyim-fab husband or wife Dzl.; to leave behind, mi zig bod-du to leave a person behind in Tibet; ydb-kyis bor-bai tse when I was left by my father, when my father died Pth. ; de bor-la ton let that alone, give it up, keep away from it Mil. ; *na U-ka bor tan yin* W. I shall now leave off working, I shall put aside my work. 3. = Jog-pa, to place, put, lay, in W. the word commonly used, in C. and B. only in certain phrases: *l'-ru bor* put it here! *tdn- ni Tear bor-ce* to seat a person on the carpet, to invite to a seat on the carpet; *mii lag- tu t'in bor-ce* to place a charge into some- body's hands; *nyer-pa so-ma bor-ce* to appoint a new manager; frq. with gerund: *Kyi tdy-te bor-ce* to fasten a dog (to a chain). 4. in particular combinations, e.g. gom-pa. cA^ ( v - &0 cushion, bolster, mattress; snye-Jbol pillow, v. snye-ba. J> 6l -P B -> c -> * I>ol-mo* w. l. soft, of the ground, beds, leather, fruit etc. ; soft, gentle, pliable, also as to dispo- sition of mind ; Jbol-le sig-ge sdod-pa to sit still, to remain quiet, tranquil Mil. 2. C. = mod-po. bos L v - 0*0- 2. v. O bo - ba. - 3. sbst. boil, bump, tumour C. O byan-ba to clean, cleanse, purify Cs., Jbyan-Kydd custom C., W. ^ dm ~P a ' P f - fyams Cs., to flow over, to be diffused. Jbyam-klds- pa Lex., Cs.'. unlimited, infinite; rab-Jbydms Lex., Cs. : widely diffused, far spread ; rab- Jbydms-pa Cs.: a man of profound learning, a doctor of theology or philosophy; also Schr.- Kopp. II, 253. Jbydr-ba v. Jbyor-ba. aq-q* otyi-ba, pf- byi, also pyi and pyis, ^ vb. n. of pyi-ba to be wiped off, blotted out, effaced Cs. to fall off, of the hair Dzl. and elsewh. n q^-q- Jbyin-ba, pf. byiti 1 . to sink in, to sink down, to be swallowed up, -/,;- rta bye-ma-la O byin Glr. the carriage sticks fast in the sand; gru cu-la the ship sinks in the water Dzl. and elsewh. 2. to grow faint, languid, remiss, rig-pa byin-ba bser-ba to lift up again one's fainting soul Mil. ; byin-rgod seems to signify languor, distrac- tion, byir>-rmugs Mil., id., byifi-rmugs-med- pai s(/om; so also byin-fibs Lt.\ sems-byiii- ba drowsiness, indolence, depression of spirits. 3. C. *jhin son, jhit't log son*, they have dispersed, separated, are all gone home. 4. v. jin, 2. ofy'd-P a , P f - %*^ Pyid 1. to glide, to slip Lej.-. = O dred-pa. 2. to disappear, to pass away, e.g. mi-fse O byid human life passes away LM:; in W. *tse fjid-ce* vb. a., to earn a livelihood, *gdr-ra co-te* by smith's work (C. Ito zd-ba). J>y in -P a > pf- i^P- faun, fat. (in C. also pres.) dbyuti Ld. *}>in-ce*, trs. otjbyun-ba, to cause to come forth: 1. to take out, to remove, a pillar from its place Dzl.', *pi&8(ton)* take it out (out of your pocket, out of the box etc.) Ld. ; to draw out, pull out, a sword, a thorn etc., frq. ; to tear out, to put out, one's eyes etc., mig dbyun-ba de-dag the men whose eyes are to be put out Dzl. p. >C, 10, ace. to an emended reading; to draw forth, produce. bring to light, something that was hid Dzl. - 2. in a more gen. sense: to let pro- ceed from, to send out, to emit, rays of light, frq.; lus-la Jcrag to draw blood by scratching one's self Dzl.', mci-ma Glr. to shed tears; skad to make the voice to be heard, of a bird Dzl. ; sdug - bsndl - gyi skad to utter 397 O byun-ba complaints, lamentations Dzl.; skad cen-po to cry aloud Dzl. ; to exhibit, to extol, bstdn- pai ce-ba the grandeur of the doctrine Tar. 48, 9, Schf. to drive out. turn out. expel. ynas Jbyin-pa Tar.,*yun-ira* jf's., to banish, so also Ld. *pin-ce*; to cast out, throw away Ts. ; to save, rescue, liberate, release, was from, Dom.\ absol. Tar. 121,19. 3. par- ticular phrases, such as tfol-du pijun-ba, i/id Jbyin-pa etc. v. in their own places. (^OTra" ^yug-pa-, pf. and imp. byugs 1. to ' wet. moisten, smear, spread over, anoint, with la: sa skdm-la fsd-cu byugs-pa salt-meat Glr.; ydoii-la sol-mum O byug-pa to daub one's face with coal -salve Glr.: also with accus. and instrum. : lha-rten spos dan byug-pas covering the little temple with spices and ointments Dzl. ; yser O byug-pa prob. to gild Pth. 2. to stroke, to pat, mgo la a person's head Dzl p nr~ w n* O byuh-ba I.vb.. pf. imp. byu/'i (intrs ^ of Jbyin-pa) to come out, to emerge. often with a pleon. pyiretc., from the water, from an egg. a vessel etc. Dzl. ; Jcor-ba-las = to be set free, to be liberated Dom.\ to go out, Kyim-nas Dzl. ; pyi-rol-tu Jbyun-ba to go out into the open air Dzl. ; to make one's appearance, to become visible Dzl.; to show one's self, to appear rgydl-poi rmi-lam- du byun-bai Iha-ycig the princess that ap- peared to the king in a dream Glr.; also: itd-la rmi-lam bzdn-po byun I have had an auspicious dream Mil. : sgren-mor O byun-ba to go abroad naked Dzl. ; to be heard, to resound, skad frq. ; to be said, to be told Tar. to turn out, to prove, to be found, ma bzi- ba su byuii-ba he who is found not intoxi- cated Glr. ; ndn-pa byun it proved to be ill founded Mil.; ...pa su yan ma byun none was to be found that . . . Pth.; to step forward, from the crowd; to step forth, to appear Glr. ; to step up to, with rtsar to Glr.; brgyiigs-nas byutt they came running up or near Pt/i.; to go to, to proceed to, to come, /'// rtse-mor Dzl.', *ka-ndn-wa ma jiiii - na* W. if no order (permission etc.) comes: dbvga j'njir byuii-nas when breathing returned, when they recovered from faint- ing Dzl- mun-pai bskal-pa Ina-brffya byun- no then came, followed, 500 dark Kalpas Pth. 2 to rise, as kings, frq.; to arise, to originate, to become, \\ith was, /as, from, in consequence of, by, de-nas byun it de- rives its origin from that Glr.; O brds-bu Jbyuii-bai sin trees on which fruit is grow- ing Stg. ; mi O byun-bar / sla jnyis-su bye it resolves into thick and thin matter Med.; dum-bu ston - du dbye-bar O gyur it separates into a thousand pieces Glr.; bye-brag ma bye-bai bdr-du as long as the separation has not evidenced itself Dzl. nqr*r Jtytdrpa, pf. and imp. pye, pyed, pyes, fut. dbye, W. *pe-ce(s)*, pf. and imp. *pe(s)*, vb. a., 1. to open, *Ka pe(s) ton* W. open your mouth; sgo pyes-nas pa Pth , *pe-te bor-ce* W. to open the door without shutting it again; fig. cos-kyi sgo rndm-par O byed-pa; mig to open one's eyes, op p . to O dzum-pa ; lon-baimig Jbyed-pa to open a blind man's eyes Dzl. ; to open again what had been shut or stopped, to restore, ddn- ga, yi-(/a B -, l^am W. the appetite; ba-pyed the open b, b pronounced like \v, Gram. ; to get out, work out, fetch out, stone-shivers by means of a chisel Glr. 2. to separate, to keep asunder, to disentangle, threads W.; to disunite, to set at variance, de-dag dbyc- bai pyir in order to set them at variance, to create enmity between them Stg.: to part, separate, byah-icog-stod-smad mcin-dris dbye-ba ste the cavity of the chest and the abdomen being separated by the diaphragm S.g.; to divide, classify, rigs-kyi sgo-nas dbye- na if they are classified according to the different species Lt; to pick, to sort, pease; hence, to pick out, choose, select, *f>6-fe kyoit* make your choice, and bring it here! W. ; sems-can-rnams Ids kyis rndm-par pye the beings are severed by their deeds Thgy.; M-pye-ba to open, to separate, eg. when hands, that were laid in each other, are separated again Glr.; fed -pye -ba also to open, to begin to bloom ; O byed-pa to dissect. to anatomize Thgy.; esp. with rndm-par, to analyze, to explain grammatically and lo- gically, don, the sense, import, Stg. frq. ; as sdud-pa is the opposite of it: Jbyed-sdud analysis and synthesis 6s.; byed-.sdud-Lyisyra term for the affix am, the disjunctive par- ticle (ni f.) Glr. ; mi-pyed-pa inseparable, in- divisible, imperishable, sku Sch.; unshaken, immovable, ddd-pa Mil. frq. Jbtjed-dpydd Sch. tongs, pincers. O', with bycd-pa, 'to act with promptness , determination and good success' Sch. aB^'fl* O byer-ba pf. and imp. bye>\ to dis- perse in flight, to flee in different directions Dzl. fs6n- Q dus byer-nas mi O diig- ste the market-people having fled, and no body remaining Pth.; to give way, to be 399 O by6-ba removed, of diseases Lt., opp. to ryyas and bsags. -^ a ? l )f - i n J"i vy*> im P- W %> os, to pour out, to pour into another vessel, to transfuse Lex. and 6s. %^-p, pf. %o or sem-lajar* it sticks fast, is remembered, borne in mind. 2. to be prepared, ready, at hand, ex- tant, s a ma byor-nas there being no meat prepared DzL; O prdl-du Jby'ir-ba ma yin tliat is not at once in readinessZte/. ; cijbyw- ba des mcod-pa byed-pa to offer sacrifice of such things as are at hand DzL; ci-ste O by6r-bar mi O yyur-na but if he has not such a thing at his disposal Sambh. 3. to agree, mi- byor-ba Kd-cig some disagree- ments, contradictions Tar. II. resp. to come, arrive, W., 6'.; *lfyn-kyi ku dnn-du J('ir-gyu yin* I shall appear before your Honour 6'.; *nyiir-du jar yon* 1 shall im- mediately attend C. Jfydl ~ l )a > P^ an( l 11:r >P' byol, fut (and [>res. in 6'.) dbyol to give or make way, to turn out of the way, to step aside, ycig-gis ycig-la Dzl. ; O by6l-te ^ro in walking I make way (to people) DzL; W. with accus. : *rul, las, dig-pa jol-ce* to step out of the way of, to sliun, a serpent, toil, sin. Sometimes jol-ba. " Jbrd-go n. of a medicine Med. tran v. bran II. braii-rgyds Mil. sacrifice, offer- ing of eatables. ^^ii-ba \. pf. Jbraiis, imp. Jbroii, to bear, bring forth, give birth; to litter, brdn-mo an animal going with young, bearing 6s. 2. also Jbreii-ba, pf. Jbraiis, imp. Jbreim Mil. (Jbron Sch ?) to follow, to walk at another's heels, with pyir, pyi-bzin {du)^ rjes-su, W. *tiii-la* with genit., to follow, pursue, hunt after, dbyiiy-pa* with a stick Pth. ; to pursue, in one's thoughts. * bl ' dd -P a . Add- pa, P f. brad, imp. brodio scratch, to scrape, with the nails, claws etc.; to lacerate by scratching, ydoh DzL; also to gnaw, nibble at. T O brdb-pa, pf. brab, imp. brob 1. to catch suddenly, to snap away, snatch away, a fly with one's hand, tho prey with a bound. - 2. to beat, to scourge, t*< / - Icdg-gis with thorns Thgy. 3. to throw out, to scatter, magical objects, such as g of barley etc. 400 brdl-ba Jbri-ba Jbrdl-ba, pf. bral, imp. brol, intrs. ofeprdl-ba, to be separated, parted from, deprived of, c. da/I, e.g. from one's retinue, of the light of doctrine Dzl. ; O brdl- bar mi pod bit-mo Kyod thou, my daughter, from whom I am not able to part Glr.' cun-nu-nas pa-md ynyis dan brdl-te from a child bereft of parents, an orphan from infancy l*th.', to lose, to be bereft, frq. used in reference to the death of near relations ; mdo-sdedan lag-pa mi brdl-zin as the sacred writings never came out of his hands; skom- pa dan brdl-bar yyur-to he got rid of his thirst; nad dan brdl-bar yyu-r-to he recover- ed from his illness, frq. (in such cases often confounded by the illiterate with ndd-las bsgral etc.) ; more particularly : srog dan etc. to die, perish, frq. ; jig-ciii Jbrdl-bar O gyur- ba to be dissolved, of the human body DzL; O du-ba yod-na Jbral-bar oil what was solid, is dissolved in dust Dzl. ; Jbral(-bar} med (-pd) inseparable, indissoluble, frq. cA' as > ^- a ^ so Jbrds-mo, resp. bsait- O brds (Pur. *bras*, Ld. *das*, Lh. *clai*, C. W) 1. rice; O bras-dkdr(-mo') white rice, O bras-dmdr red rice (the inferior and cheaper sort); of the former there seem to be distinguished: O bo-tsa-li (Hd. ^basmati*), rgyal-mo-ysdn, ham-dzem, O dzin~ dzin the second sort , ace. to Cs. ; Jbrds - kyi srus peeled rice Sch.; Jbras-sd-lu 'wild rice Sch. ; Jbras-so-ba Sch. ;md Schr., rice not husked O brds-mo spos-sel or dkar- Q dz6m Ts. mai/e. Comp. O bras-cdn rice-wine, rice-beer. Jbras-cdn boiled rice. sa- brds rice mixed with small pieces of meat. Jbras-fug rice- soup. Jbras-zin rice-field. O bras-zdn dish of rice. O bras-yds parched rice Med. Jbras-sil C. boiled rice, got up with butter, sugar, apricots etc., W. *pu-ld, po Id*, <^ *2. tumour, esp. larger swellings in the groin etc. obras-ljon (**) n. p., Sikim. O b>'as - spit/is n. p., monastery near Lhasa. O brds-bu 1 . fruit, e.g. sin-gi Mil. ; Jbrds-bu ye-med-kyi sa a country producing no fruit Thgy.\ corn, grain, Jbrds- bu zor-bas brnd-ba Mil. ; Jbras-nan a failure of fruit. 2. testicle Wdti. cf. rlig-pa\ miy- O brds apple of the eye. 3. iig. effect, con- sequence, esp. as op|>. to ryyu, hence rgyu- Jbrds cause and effect, more esp. in moral philosophy = retribution, requital, recom- pense, reward, three grades being distin- guished : 1 . rndm-par smin-pai Jbrds-bu full recompense, in the worst case by the punish- ments of hell; 2. Tgyu bt'un-pai O brds-bu by adversity during life; 3. dbdn-gi Jbrds-bu by unpleasant local circumstances, so Thyy. ; ryyu- Jbrds and O brds-bu also directly denote the doctrine of final retribution, Jbrds- bu mi bden the doctrine of requital is not true Thgy. ; further : Jbrds-bu reward of as- cetic exercises, the various grades of per- fection, of which four are distinguished: a. ryyim-du-zuys-pa yfldlMfrT or as partic. ot^p 5 he who enters the stream (that takes from the external world to Nirwana); b. lan-yciy-pyir-^on-ba qia<^HITf^r*t.- ne who returns once more (for the period of a human birth); he who returns no more, being a candidate of Nirwana; d. dgra-bcom-pa ^^ff. the Arhat, the finished saint; v. Kdpp. I, 398. r cnc* bri ~ ^ n or ~y utl sect of >J Lamas and monastery in Tibet, Q bri-Teun-pa member of that sect. Qjn'K" O bn-ta a form of medicine, prob. a ^ ' kind of extract Med.; Jbri-ta-sa- dzin medicinal herb, an emetic, Med.\ in Lh. Cuscuta, which however does not agree with the descriptions. Qq-q- O bri-ba, I. pf. and imp. bri, intrs. of O pri-ba to lessen, decrease, diminish, of water, frq. in conjunction with A : a, at the surface, used with regard tosize,number and intensity (synon. O grib-pa~). II. pf. and imp. bris (Glr. also bri) 1. to draw, design, describe, dkyil-Jior zig to describe a circle or other figure; also to paint Glr. >. to write, yi-ge letters, a letter (epistle); yi-ger ''literis mandare\ to record, to write down, something from hearing DzL : Jbri- smyug writing-reed, pen, pencil etc. 401 * o b,-um-pa O bri-mo, -^ifO, tame female yak; rgod-Jbri Pth., or Jbron-Jbri 6's., wild female yak; Jbn-zal young female yak Ld.-Glr , e bri-o yak-milk; O bri-mar yak- butter; Jbri-mdzo (W. *brim-dzo*) bastard of bull and yak. O bri-mog medicinal herb Med. qn- Jbrin middle, midst, mean, middling, moderate, Jbrin zig something mode- rate, of middling quality, = fsdd-ma or fig- had W.\ brin-po the middle one, of three sons Dzl. and elsewh.; between stobs-ceand cun-nu Lt.\ bzan nan Jbrin ysum', rnal-Jbyor Jbrin-po one that is moderately advanced in contemplation Thgr. ; zld-ba Jbrin-po \. zla-ba; Jbrin-gis middling, moderately, adv. qq^-n- Jbrfn-ba, in zabs- Jbrin byed-pa for brdh-ba Mil. n qr 'r Jbrid-pa 1 . also O drid-pa, pf. brid, to deceive, cheat, impose upon, bio Jbrid-pa id. Glr.; Jbrid-de rnod-pa-las Tar., as she wanted to seduce him deceitfully; ka-mnar-brid deceitfully, insidiously sweet, being followed by a nauseous, acrid or burning taste Med. 2. 6s. = O pri-ba. qq^j-rj- Jbrim-pa, I. vb., pf. brim(s) 1. to distribute, deal out, hand round, sweet - meats, flowers, poems Dzl., Tar.; ... la, to ... 2. Ld. to throw away, what is worthless, = *pdn-ces*. II. sbst. dis- tributer, dispenser, waiter at table Dzl. ; Jbrim (-pa) -po, id. 6s. qrj- Jbru grain, corn, seed, frq.; grain of NO sand, bye-ma O bru rei sten-na on every grain of sand Glr.; Jbru O t'ag-pa to pound grains Lex. 2. a single grain, piece, letter, yi-ge Jbru ycig a single letter ; also without yi-ge: Jbru drug the six letters = yi-ge- dru(/-pa, v. drug. 3. collectively, grain, corn, in gen. O brui Hal a load of grain Dzl.\ Jbru - sna mi Jtruns no kind of grain is growing Glr.\ Jbru gdn-bu-can pulse, le- gume S.g. ; nor dan Jbru-rnams O pel money and corn multiply. Jbru-rdog grain of seed. Jbru-ma v. above. Jbru -ban granary. Jbru-Jbu corn-worm, weevil 6s. O bru-mdr oil extracted from seeds; lamp- oil Dzl. Jbru-fson-pa oil-merchant. Q^'SJC' obru-tdn, n. of a superior sort of N^ tea. * O bru-ba, bru-ba, pf. and imp brus, O dru-ba, drus 1. to dig, Kun-bu, dur, don (cf. rko-ba}. 2. to chisel, carve, cut. 3. Sch. to look through, yig a writing; to examine, Jbru grain; hence mfsan Jbru-ba to spy out, smell out, faults, stirring up brawls and quarrels by it, Stg. to irritate, vex, provoke, mfsan Jbru-bai hig provoking words Lex. ; snyad, snyon Jbru- ba to accuse W. Jbrii-ma tumour, swelling, weal Sch. O bru-fsa an angular kind of Tibetan current handwriting, v. CsomaGram. Q'+PT o^^-sd/, O bru-sd v. bru- -^ ' sd. qqcn* *rug (Sal. *blug*) 1 . thunder, O bnig- ^s skdd, Q brug-sgrd id.; skad-cen O brug loud thunder; Jbrug Jbod-pa 6s., grdg-pa Dzl., Idir-ba Lex. and elsewh., thundering. 2. dragon (to which thunder is ascribed Sch.}; yyu-Jbrug snon-po blue dragon Glr Qnqrq- O brug-pa I. sbst. 1. sect of Lamas, 3 ' clothed in red, Schl.13., established v in the province of Bhotan, ace. to Sch. = za-dmdr, = sd-skya. 2. Bhotan. II. vb. for Jbrub-pa Mil. frq. Jbrud-pa, = Jbru-ba, also Q drud-pa. O brub-pa 1. gen. with CM, to cause to overflow, to gush, to spout forth to flow over, Mil., Tar. and elsewh.; cu- Jbrub Lex., Jbrubs Sch. water that has flown over(?). Q brub-po fluid, liquid; fluidity, a fluid, 6's. (?). 2. 6s. to deal out. 3. Sch. to shut up, wrap up. O brum-pa 1. 6's. grain, minute par- tide, Jbrum-rdog^ O bru-rdog a single grain, = Jbru; fruit, rgun-Jbrum grape; se- Jbrum hip (fruit of wild brier) Sik. 2. pustule, pock, gen. O brum-bu; Jbrum-nad small - pox ; Jbrum - nag black or deadly small-pox; Jbrum - dkdr white small-pox; Jbmm-Krd coloured sinall-pox Med., Jbrum- 26 402 Jbrum-lha-mo ' O bron pa and Jbrum - pa nag - po as name of a disease of the groin, prob. bubo Med. Jbrum-rjes pock-mark. Jbriim-po a large grain Cs.; Jbrum-bu a small grain; pock, pustule, v. above. Jbrum-lha-mo Sch. a tutelar goddess of little children, wor- shipped by the Shamans. Jbre-ba, pf. and imp. bres to. draw over or before, to spread, to stretch, a net Glr., a curtain Glr., a canopy, awn- ing Lex.\ to wrap a thing up in a cloth, in order to carry it, as books, a corpse Thgy. Meg-pa, pf. breg(s\ imp. brog(s), also O dreg-pa to cut off, sih-ta-lai lo-ma bregs-pa a plantain branch cut off, as representing a being irremediably cut off from its former state of existence Mil.-, to mow Sch.; of parts of the body: ske to cut off a person's neck Thgr., p'o- mfsdn the membrum virile Schr., rtai sug- pa the foot of a horse, prob. only the ten- don of it, as much as to lame, to disable Glr.] also to sever with a saw; most frq. in reference to the hair, to cut off, to shave, with the scissors or a razor, skra dan fcd- spu frq.; Jbreg-mKan barber, hair-cutter Dzl. ; Q breg-spydd a sharp small knife Sch. Jbren-pa Cs., bren-ba strap, rope, ko-Jbreh leather strap; sa- bi'eti Mil.', Jbren-fag Cs. cane-ribbon, made of buck-leather; leading-rope, guide-line. Jbren-bu Cs. cobbler's strap. Q^*^* J>ren-ba frq. for O brdn-ba. o brel sbst. v. O brel-ba II. Jbrel-pa connection, conjunction, yet only in certain applications: 1. connection between cause and effect, used also at once for effect, consequence, efficacy, smon-lam-gyi Jbrel-pa the efficacy of prayer Mil. frq. ; ^jog-pa to apply, make use of it Mil. 2. the vascular and nervous system conjunctively, the two systems in their to- tality, ni f., Med. 3. genitive case, the sixth case of Tibetan Grammarians, O brel- pai sgra, the termination of it, kyi. 4. a small quantity, a little, a bit, zds-kyi Jbrel- pa zig dgos I ask for a little bit to eat Mil. frq.; cos(-kyt) Jbrel(j-pa) fob -pa to snatch up a little bit of religion Mil. Jbrel-ba I. vb., intrs. of sbrel-ba, 1. to hang together, to cohere, to be connected, rtsa dan rus-pa tsam Jbrel-ba connected only by veins and bones, nothing but skin and bone Dzl.; ^od-zer-gyi drd- bas Jbrel-te covered with a continuous net of rays Glr. ; gen. with dan, bod dan t'gyai Jbrel-fsul the connection with, or the inter- course between Tibet and China Glr.; de dan Jbrel-bai las the functions connected with, and peculiar to (a certain organ) Lt.; Jwel-mfsams 1. joint, or rivet of pincers etc. S.g. 2. boundary, W. 2. to come together, to meet, to join, O brel-ytam gossipings in meeting on the road Mil. 3. to meet sexually, to cohabit, de dan lus O brel-ba to cohabit with (him or her) Glr.; (Ihdn-du) Jbrel-ba-la(s)bu skyes they having cohabited, a child was born Glr. II. sbst. Jbrel-ba or Jbrel union, communication, connection, bod dan Jbrel byun the union with Tibet took place Glr.; rgya bod ynyis Jbrel cdd the union ceases Glr.; *nor-del co-ce, nor- del-la cd-ce* W., to form a mercantile con- nection, to enter into commercial intercourse. las- Jbrel = las- Q pro q.v. ynyis- Jbrel, ysum-Jbi'el a double, triple consonant, e.g. sk, skr. O t> r og solitude, wilderness, uncultivat- ed land, esp. summer-pasture for cattle in the mountains; thus Jbrog-skyoh-ba Ld.- Glr., Schl. 15, 6 might imply: to attend to a mountain dairy ; gdm-Jbrog a near, rgydn- Jbrog a remote summer-pasture; Jbrog-Kyi Cs. a large shaggy shepherd's dog; O br6g- dgon, Jbrog-ston, Jbrog-sa Jbrog. Jbrog- ynas i. pasture-land 2. people occupying it. Jbrog-pa, O b>'6g-mii<\.; more particularly, inhabitants of the steppe, nomadic Tibetans Sch., Jbrog - mo wife, Jbrog -prug child of such a nomad. Jbrog - zdd Sch. rude, rough, boorish, Jbrog - zad ston - pa to be rude etc. q2St bro " L C^"T) ^ ryay-rgod, wild yak Glr.; bydn-Kai Jbron, the yak of 403 brom Jang-thang ; Jbron-Jbri cow, O toon-prug calf, O broh-ko skin, leather, Jbron-sa flesh, Jbrou- ru or -ra Glr. horns of the wild yak. - 2. v. Jbrdn-ba. Jbroni noun personal; Jbrom-ston a celebrated Lama and scholar in the 1 1 th. century. obros-pa, pf. and imp. bros, to flee, to run away ( W. *sor-ce*), O bros- sin gab-pa to flee and hide ones self Dzl. ; pyir Jbros-so (the army) took to flight Glr. ; O bros-pai ynas Dzl., Jbros-sa Glr. place of refuge; fig. mig Kun-du bros his eyes are sunk, hollow S.g. O bros-sa a large dorsal muscle Med. ynyid-Jbros-pa yni/id- log-pa (?) Dzl WL, 9. j" rba v. dba. xr- rbad, 1. Sch. a large species of eagles. - 2. W. crutch, = pan - ka. 3. = rbab. 4. great (?) v. ka-rbad; rbad-sgra a strong voice Sch.; cf. rbod-rbod. 5. quite, wholly, entirely (?) rbdd-y cod-pa, rbad- tser f cod-pa Mil. to cut off entirely, to ex- tirpate; *fag-c rbab, 1. Med., Sch.: a kind of dropsy, skya-rbdb Sch., also sa-rbab Lt. id.(?) - 2. the rolling down, also rbad, e.g. rdo- rbdb loose stones rolling down, a frequent annoyance in high mountains Pth., rbab zi- bas after the rolling of detritus had ceased Mil. ; *bad poy son* a piece of rock rolling down hit him W.; rbab sgril-ba Lex. to roll down, trs.; rbdb-pa id. intrs.; mar-la rbdb- tu sor it rolled down and away Mil. ^* rbe Sch. 'the fur of the stone-fox'. 2f rbo Sch. milt of fish. sbdr-mo * rbod \. rbdd-pa. lbd-ba 1. wen, goitre. 2. knots, ex- crescenses on trees, on account of their speckled appearance often worked into drink- ing-bowls; Ibd-fsa Med., prob. a kind of salt, used as a curative of goitre. CLpr Ibag bubbles (?), *cu bag gydb-ce* to ^ strike the water, so as to make it splash and foam W. ttu-ba, dbu-ba bubble, foam, froth, slaver; cu-lbu Lex.; Ibu- bcas nyun producing little froth Lt.; Ibu- ba bsdl-ba to scum or skim oft Cs. ; grogs cu-yi Ibu-ba dan O dra a friend is like water- bubbles. ^T sba v. spa. sba-ndg Sch. a mean house, hovel, hut sbd-ba 1. vb. fut. of sbed-pa q.v. 2. sbst. privy parts, pudenda Stg. s bdg-pa, pf- sbags, imp. sbogs (cf. O bdg-pa), to soil, stain, defile, pollute, dri-mas Lex. 2. to mingle, intermix, Lex. sbdn-ba v. sbdn-ba. sbdn-nia malt from which beer has been brewed, v. can ; sban-skom id. dried, sban-pye id. reduced to flour (of an inferior quality) Cs. ; glum-sbdn Ts. = sbdn- ma\ sban-cu barm prepared from it W. sbans dung of larger animals, rtai sbans Glr. (*stal-bdn(s)* Ld.\ bon- sbaris, glait-po-cei sbans Cs.; sbans-lud id., used for manure; sbans-skdm id. dried for fuel. * sbdb-ca C., *sbdb-)a* W. a certain number or quantity of trading-ar- ticles, e.g. of paper, a quire of 10 lOOsheets, a bundle of matches etc. -..... sbdm-pa, pf. sbams, imp. sboms, to put or place together, to collect, to gather, pyogs ycig-tu Lex. ; smyug-ma sbdms- pa O dra like reeds laid together Wdn. sbdr-ba, v. sbor-ba. sbdr-mo v. spdr-mo. 404 sbal sbal (perh. the same as the following sbal-pa), Idg-pai the soft muscles of the inner hand, cf. also pyag-sbdl; the soft part of the paw of animals. an( j sbdl-pa and -ba frog (rather scarce in Tibet), one Lex. r, crab, crawfish (?) ; sbdl-pa dkdr-po Stg. stated to be a large species of frog; ndgs- sbal Lt. prob. tree-frog; rus-sbal tortoise; sbal-cun or -Icon Pth. 1. a young frog, tad- pole 6s. 2. vulg. (from ignorance) lizard ; sbal-rgydb S.g. tortoise-shell. sbal-mig bud, eye, gem, sprout, shoot, O fon comes forth, Jbye opens ^j_.j. sbid-pa Ts. for sbud-pa bellows, in- strument for blowing, st-jn- sbu-gu hollow, cavity, in the stem of - a plant or a grass-blade Mil. sbu-ba v. _~Q..-q. sbu-la-Ka Ts. = bka-blon-sram sable, xs ' mustela zibellina. sbu-lhdn Ts. (*bu-hk ; ri : ^ plane, tool used in joinery. r spar, fgMJjg"*: G//-.; *sbug-zdl, sbum-zol* W. large brass cymbal; *dun-ce, pdb-ce* W. to play the cymbals. s ^fy~P a = O bfy s -P a ) *o perforate, to pierce. bu - Cs - ho|| w - sbugs-hdg ^bu-hdg*} 1. the panting of a dog Sik. 2. bassoon with a large and nearly globular bell-mouth W. - sbud-pa 1. vb. to light, kindle, set on fire, seldom, Lex.: me- cos sbud-pa q.v. sbst. bellows, usually consisting of two skin-bags, the orifices of which are open- ed and shut by the hands, and which are then squeezed together, so that the compressed air passing through a tube is driven into the fire; sbud-pa Jbud-pa Cs. or rgyah-ba Sch. to blow or work the bellows; sbud- rgydl = sbud-pa. 5J<3^T sbun-pa v. spun-pa. SMTZTTK' sbun-yte'r Pth. a small building >3 ' in the style of a monument, in which sacred writings are deposited. ^r^ sbur ant 6s., prob. identical \vith the >3 following (cf. grog-sbur}. 5ps'T sbur-pa beetle, cu-sburS.g.;sbur-cen y ^ -CMW, -dmar, -mgyogs 6s., denoting various kinds of beetles. s ^ ir ~ ma i = sbun-pa, chaff, husks etc. ; rlun-gis sbur -ma bus-pa Itar Dzl., sog - sbur cm yyen-ba Itar Pth. like chaff scattered by the wind, carried along by the water; sbu-lm or -Ion amber Wts. sbe-ga Lex. w. e. splf^n suu y\. s )-> more fr v. ses-pa. se-bdm Cs. : = fo-yig a kind of con- tract or bargain. .. se-ma (for rje-ma or yces-ma 1 ?} W. noblewoman, lady of rank or quality, 561 lady, ' : 'se-ma cuti-im, sem-cun* nobleman's daughter, young lady, Miss. se - moit Sch. : ' divine predestina- tion, divine protection ; nature, fate, destiny; power; origin of power or autho- rity ; strength', force, the latter signification also in Wts.(?j. ^*,q- $ e -rui Sch.: fetid, putrid. seg 1 . imp. of ysegs-pa, resp. for sog. 2. the Arabian ^yi, chieftain, elder, senior. 3. C. col. for sed I. a-' sed I. strength, force, = stobs, mfu, C. ' ' also seg; dpd-zin sed-ce a mighty hero Thgy.; sed-can strong, vigorous, powerful; sed-mo 1 . sbst. = sed? 2. adj. = sed-can Ts., *se'-mo gydg-pa yin* he is strong and stout, sed-med powerless, weak, sed-med-kyi rtd- bas rkan-fdn mgyogs one travels quicker on foot than on a weak horse; sed-cuh weak, feeble, frail, e.g. lus Lt.; sed O bri strength decreases, begins to fail, ysos is restored, nyams is impaired; sed skyed-pa to grow fat Sch. : 'to protect ; to make haste' ; *mi zig- la sed cug-ce* W. to strengthen a person; *sed dan nye-ce' W. to rub well, forcibly; *sed zdr-te (sbyar-te) con* run and jump ! *sed zdr-te gyob* swing your arm and throw ! W. ; *sed-kyer-ndg-po* by force, with violence, e.g. *tan* he forced it on (me) W. (cf. nan) ; sed-po-ce a strong, powerful man Thgy.; sed- bu Lex. id.;sed-bddg Sch. one having power or authority, a lord, ruler. * sed -wan* W. force, violence, *sed-wdn dan* by force, e.g. to take, *sed-wdn tdn-ce* W. to violate, to force (a girl). II. the approximate direction, region, quarter, nyi-mai ^og sed-na below the sun, i.e. between the sun and the horizon Mil; W.: *gan sed-la* in what direction? where- to? *de sed-la* about in that direction; *gan sed ne (lit. ynas) Mg-tu* to some place or other. B^* sen(?) floor of a house or room W. ser-pyin abbreviation for ses-rdb- kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa, the title of a division of the Kan-gyur. 562 -ba ,n ' ser-ba, pf. bser, to compare, to con- front a. sel crystal, glass Dzl. and elsewh. ; ace. to Stg. the moon also consists of such crystal Cs.: rdn-sel native crystal, bzu-sel artificial crystal, glass; mdn-sel Pth. prob. = sel; spos-sel amber; me-sel burning-glass, cu-sel T|cMy* Character 6'., W., *se-gyti nem-pa* a bad character. ses- dod desire of know- ledge, curiosity of mind Mil. ses-ldan, ses- blo-lddn-pa 1. knowing, rich in wisdom. 2. very learned Sir! ses-po } ses-pa-po one that knows or understands, a knower Cs. ses-bya 1. what may be known or ought to be known, ses-bya kun every thing worth knowing, all the sciences. 2. knowing, con- scious, wilful ? ses-byai sgrib-pa contamina- tion by wilful sins Do.? ses-byed that which knows, the understanding. ses-bzin consciousness (v. above ses-bzin-du\ dran- pa dan ses-bzin-can yin-te Gyatch. 99Y, 14 (cf. Burn. II, 806, 5); ses-bzin may,' accord- ingly, be used for 'conscience' in a Christian sense. ses-yon Ts. = ses-rqua. ses-rdb tJ 9/tS (JTsTT) 1- 'great knowledge', wisdom, in- telligence, understanding, talent, ses-rab ce-ba very talented, gifted (e.g. a boy) Mil. ; ses- rdb danlddn-pa id.; ses - rob - spy an the (mystic) eye of wisdom Schl. p. 210. ses- rab-rtsioa Taraxacum, dandelion, also used as food. ses-rdb-kyi pd-rol-tu pyin-pa, 'T falsehood, lie, smrd-ba, W. *gydb-ce*, to tell a lie. ^ob-^ob loose, soft, as leaves etc. rV. som^pa,pL(b)soms,bsams, fut. bsam, imp.(6>a 6s.: = skyon-pa to put on GO- ysob = sob. ^J" ysom-pa Thgy. som-pa. ysor Sch. a basin or reservoir of water, seems to be not much known; but in Zam. yur-bai ysor is to be found. ysor-ba I. vb., C. also yser-ba, pf. fut. bsar, bsor , 1. to count, e.g. sheep , by letting them pass one by one through one's hands, the beads of a rosary (through one's fingers), hence cos - brjod- bsar-sbyaii man-po byed to read prayers etc. (cf. sbyan-ba, 3). 2. to measure, bres by the peck Lex.; to weigh; yser-la rd-gan /sdr-ba to weigh out (to exchange) brass 567 bscii for gold. 3. to hunt, to chase, = O c6r-ba, ri-dwags game Lex.; nya-ysor-ba to fish Dzl. 4. Sch. to cut through (?). II. adj., also yser-ba, rough, bristly, shag- gy, skra, spu Stg., opp. to O jam-po (Sch. rough, gruff, rude?) ysol plough G7/\, fo/i, foVi - ysol id. The plough in India and Tibet con- sists only of a crooked beam , ysol - mda, (without wheels) with the share (ysol-lcdgs, ton-lcdgs) at the lower end ; ysol-mdd O dzin- pa to plough, lit. to take hold of the plough- beam. ysol-po poplar-tree C. * y 'sos-pa 1. yso-ba and bso-ba. - bsa 1. in bgo-bsa portion, share, al- lowance, ration Lea;., evidently a se- condary form of sas. 2. Dzl. ?v, 1 in- undation, flood; swa, the reading of the ma- nuscript of Kyelang, seems to be preferable. bsd-ba, pf. bsas, to slaughter, to kill (animals for food); in a story of Glr. it follows the slaughtering and must be understood to denote the cutting to pie- ces of the killed animal; but our Lama pre- ferred to read bsus-pa to skin. bsd-ma v. ysd-ma. bsdg-pa v. ysog-pa. bsdn-ba, Sch. also ysan-ba, alvine discharges, bsdn-ba Jbyin-pa to make open bowels, of food, medicines Med.; bsan-dgdg constipation Med.; bsan-yci ex- crements and urine, bsan-ycis sku-ba to dirty therewith Dzl.; bsan-yci bsri-ba to retain stool and urine Sch.; bsan-ldm the anus Med. fadns -pa leaky, leaking, full of crevices, *cu-zom nyi-ma-la bor- na san dug* W. the water-pail will become leaky, if it is left standing in the sun. -* bsdd-pa (prob. pf. of O cdd-pa q.v.) 1. to explain, expound; to declare, pronounce, cos-bsdd-pa to explain religion, to lecture on religious subjects, to preach; JSi-ba dan drar bsad he must be set down for dead Wdii.; bit-mo sky e- bar bsad this indicates that a girl will be born Lt; bsdd- kyis mi Idh-ho it is ineffable, unspeakable; to say, Jbdb-par bsad they say it flows down Wdn., fd-mar bsad he is said to be on the lowest stage Thgy., nan-par bsad it is said or declared to be bad, smdn-du bsad it is mentioned as a medicine Wdn.; to tell, to re- late, col. the usual word. 2. to comb, v. sdd-pa. bsad-grwa school-room, lecture- room. *sad-don* W. the subject of a talk. bsad-ydm a public lecture Sch. (?). bsad-16 byed-pa to make many words Mil. bsdn-pa v sdn-pa. * bsai'j supine of bsd-ba. 'q* bsdr-ba v ys&r-ba. bsdl-ba 1. to wash, to wash out or off, to clean by washing, to rinse, plates, dishes, etc. 2. lto-ba bsdl-ba to purge the body, hence in gen. bsdl-ba to suffer from diarrhoea, and W. col. *sal* diar- rhoea, looseness, flux, *sal rag* 1 have d., *sal dug* he suffers from d., *sal yon* d. be- gins; bsal-jdm a mild d., bsal- pyes(?) a violent flux Sch. ; bsal - ndd indisposition from d. ; bsal-byed B., bsal-smdn B. and col. laxative, aperient medicine. bsds-pa v. bsd-ba. ' bsig-pa v. O dzig-pa I. - bsib-pa v. ysib-pa. bsu-ba v. su-ba. bsitg-pa to sell Cs. bsud-pa 1. v. sud-pa. 2. Sch.: to purify by fire, bsud-me purify- ing fire (?). q .-q.q. bsub-pa to put into the scabbard, t! to sheathe Sch. q'q* b'ser-ba v. sum-pa etc. ' bseu (cf. bsa, swa) inundation, flood Mil 568 baes-pa bses-pa, prop. pf. of ses-pa, to know (a person orthing), to be acquaint- ed, dan with Dzl; ynyen-b&s a relation, rela- tive, ynyen-bses-la pcin-)'togs-parsems-sot\iey are intent on being of use to their relatives Dzl; ynyen and bses may also be separated: Kyod-la ynyen med bses kyan med, Mil.; bses-ynyen on the other hand means : friend, dge-bai bses-, nyen (Ssk. c^| ill fiT?) friend to virtue, spiritual adviser, opp. to mi-dgei bses- nyen seducer, Glr. (cf. sdig-pai grogs- po); dge-bses 1. = dge-bai bses-ynyen. 2. = dqe-bsnuen lay-brother. r>o-bses v. rto-ses. *7 J J mdza-bses friend. n!H*n* bso-ba, pf. bs os, 1. also yso-ba, to pour out Lea;. 2. to lie with, to have sexual intercourse with, = KHg-pa byed-pa, e.g. : de dan bsos-pas bu skyes after having slept with him, she bore him a son Pth.-, to engender, to generate, to beget (v.a.), pdg-rdzis bsos-pai bu the son begotten by the swine-herd Pth., (bso-ba seems not to be considered obscene). bsog-pa \. ysog-pa. bsod-pa = bsdd-pa, *so'-n* C. ru- mour, report, *so-ri-la dhe-da zer dug-te yi' mi ce* though it is rumoured I cannot believe it C. bsor-ba v. ysor-ba. bs&r-po C., VT. liberal, munificent, Schr.: squanderer, spendthrift (?). . bsol-ba 1. to put off. postpone, defer, delay, bod-la O gro-ba the going to Tibet Glr. ; absolutely: bsol-ba bzan it is good to wait; to prolong, e g. mi zig-gi O fs6-ba the life of a person (by a reprieve) Dzl, also to grant, to allow viz. a respite, a reprieve, bddg-la zag bdun zig bsol-te grant- ing me a respite of seven days Dzl. ; to stop, detain, e.g. the sun in his course Thgy., a traveller wishing to set out Pth. ; to omit, to neglect doing Mil. (nif.); pyi bsol-ba to put Off, postpone, pyi-bsol byed-pai gdh-zag a person that is always postponing his re- ligious duties Mil. ; cos-la pyi-bsol byar mi i*u>\ Mil there should be no putting off, whenever religion is concerned; bsol O debs- pa and O tebs-pa = bsol-ba frq. ; bsol ma febs he could not be detained, kept back, diverted from his purpose Pth.; relatives are called bdud-kyi bsol- debs a hinderance on the way of the believer, caused by the devil. bsos resp. for zan or spags, food, vict- uals, provisions of the table; bsos-la ysegs-pa to go to dine, to go to dinner Dzl ; dge- dun-la bsos ysol-ba to treat the priests to a meal Dzl.:, now almost exclusively ap- plied to food offered to the gods, = Iha-bsos-, bsos-bu Mil. offering -morsels, e.g. small pieces of butter offered to the gods or the ghosts. nerated v. bso-ba. M sa 1. the letter S, the sharp English s, in C. distinguished from z, (which is sounded there also as sharp s) only by the following vowel being high-toned. 2. num.: 28. ^t> sa 1. earth, as elementary substance, sa cu me rlu/i earth, water, fire, air, the four elements, sa nyiih-zad cig a small quan- tity of earth, opp. to: sa cen-poisa the mass of the whole earth Dzl ; rdzd-sa clay, ar- gillaceous earth, *be-sa* W. sand and earth, sdg-sa flint and earth; also for ore, metal (like rdo), yser-sa gold-ore, dhul-sa silver- ore Cs. ; h'yim-sa sweepings, offscourings; 569 the ground, sd-la ( W. also *se, Jcd-na*) O dug- pa to sit on the ground, sd-la Itiih-ba, gyvl- ba to fall to the ground ; sa-^g, sa-sten, sa- bl<>, under, on, above the ground; sa-^og- spyod the Nagas (klii); the earth, the globe which we inhabit, usually more accurately sa cen-po v. above. 2. place, spot, space, = ynas, and col. more in use than this, rwai sa Jbiir-ba Stg. 'swollen in the places of the horns', i.e. men that had been oxen in a former life, and in consequence of it are distinguished by little knobs corresponding to their former horns; *pog-sa ghd-la dug* C. where have you been hit or hurt? O dd- sa and Q bem-sa sharp-shooters' stand and place of the target C.\ yod-sa the place where a person lives, (in the old classical style usually expressed by gan-na-ba)-*cin- tait-sa* vulg. 1. orifice of the urethra. 2. privy, water-closet; nd-la gros- dri-sa cig yod I have a place where to ask advice, I have an oracle Glr. ; in a wider sense : occasion, opportunity, possibility, lus-la reg- sa mcd one cannot get near him Glr., rje Kyod-kyi j>st>gs-sa de-no, med you cannot go to that place, Sir! Mil.] nor-gyis blu-samed you cannot ransom yourself by money Mil. ; also with respect to men : na yzdn-la zer- sa (zu-sa,re-sa)med I cannot address myself to any body else with my words (requests, hopes); place, step, degree, grade, cun-ma ce-sar bzun he took and treated his second wife in the place of the first, i.e. he showed the second the honour due to the first; sa- bcu v. compounds. 3. it is also said to be the name of a quadruped of the size and appearance of a badger, but not identic with ysa Sik. Comp. sa-dkdr =dkar-rfsi Cs. sa-skdm Sch. arid soil, dry ground, steppe. sa- skyo/i, sa-skyor Lex. protector of the earth i.e. king. sa-Ku made dirty by earth, dust etc., soiled, turbid. *sa-Kydd* W. (for ynas 13., sd-ca C.) place, *sa-Kydd kdm-po* a dry place, also: the dry land; a piece of ground, *sa-Kydd cig tan* he gave him landed property, *sa-Kydd-di ddg-po* landlord; dwelling-place, place of residence, *Ky6d-di sa-ttydd yd-ru yod* where is your home? sa-Kydb Cs. = sa-bdag. sa-Kyon Cs.: 'the earth's extension or compass'. *sa- ta* (sa-lira) map C. sd-mk'an one who is well acquainted with a particular place or country, a guide Dzl. sa-m/car Glr. a castle the walls of which consist for the most part of earth. sa-gyon Sch. hard ground. sa-dgd and sa-dgyes Lex. ku-mu-da. sa-dgra Glr. the enemy of a country, i. e. in many cases nothing but a demon. *san-gul* W. earthquake. sa-nos sur- face of the earth. sa-stion Cs. blue earth. sa-bcu, ^SpjIftT, acc - to one explanation the ten steps or degrees of perfection which must be attained by those striving after the prize of Buddhaship; sa fob-pa to reach one step (viz. the first) Do.; sa cen-po a high degree, e.g. the eighth Tliyy.\ Foucaux enumerates them all Gyatch. Transl. p. 3. According to another supposition sa-bcu signifies the ten worlds or dominions of the Bodhisattvas Was. (124). sa-ca Glr., Mil., C: place, country ( W. *sa-Kydd*}. sa-cen i. v. above sa 1. ; 2. v. sa-bcu\ 3. v. sa-skya. sa-sten. v. above sa 1. sa-dug evap- oration, damp, injurious to those sleeping on the bare ground. sa-do (v. do-po) half a load of earth, a sackful of earth, being half the load of a donkey Mil. * sa-do ft* W. pit, hole. sa-bddg 1. landlord, master or lord of the ground, sovereign Stg., sd-yi bddg-po sd-yi rje are words used in address- ing a king Mil. 2. more frq.: god of the ground of the country, supposed to be a jealous and angry being, of terrific appear- ance, to whom, on many occasions sacrifices are brought, and who prob. was worshipped already before the spread of Buddhism cf. Schl. 271. : sa-mda \. mouse-trap, also a large trap for catching leopards and other animals. 2. a fabulous plant (?). sa- rdo a stone of earthy fracture; earth and stones; *sa-do da tsi-wa* to slight, to dis- regard, to neglect C. sa-ynds (= ynds-sd) place, region, country, landscape, nyams-dgd- bai sa-ynds a lovely landscape Glr. sa- sna-lnd soil of five different places. sa- 36* 570 pa inhabitant of the earth, of our globe Sch. sa-spyod possessing the earth, man Cs. sa-pdg Glr., prob. = so-pdg brick, dried in the sun. sa-pug cavern, cave. sa- pyogs place, region, tract, Jigs-pai sa-pyogs an unsafe place or region Thgy. *sd- bi-lig* W. i. mouse, rat 2. Ld. also bar, bolt, door-bar? sa-bld v. above sa 1. sa-dbdn Cs. = sa-bddg, v. above sa no. 1. sa-Jbol Cs. soft earth. sa-ma-rdo or sa-min-rdo- min Sch.: 'neither earth nor stone', i.e. a kind of conglomerate. sa-min Sch.'. 'white sand' (??). sa-mos Sch. = ku-mu-da or ud-pa-la. sa-dmdr red earth; sa-dmar- Jbon n. of a monastery in the neighbourhood of Darjeeling, situated on a mountain-slope, which consists of ared-coloured soil(//0o&.I, 171 calls it Simonbong). *sa-tse* W. sand or gravel found in roasted barley etc. sa-rfsig, sa-rtsis, sa-fsig stage, post-station. sa-mfsams, W. *san-fsam*, border, fron- tier, boundary Glr.\ sa-mfsdms O gegs-pa to fix the borders or limits, to mark out the boundaries. sa-zag dust floating on water Pth. sa-fzi ground, soil, footing, floor; estate Tar. 99. sa-^g v. above sa 1, sa-^g-spyod the Nagas (klu). sa-ydhs a wide place or space, an extensive tract of land. sa-yiil = sa-cd Glr. sa-yyos, sa yyo-ba earthquake. sa-rigs species of earth. sa-m Pth. ? sa-rul Cs. rotten or decayed earth (?) *sa-ro* W. rubbish, (/Sc-A. fallow-ground, fallow- field ?) sa- Idm Mil.) perh. for sa-bcui lam. sa-sun Sch. crust of the earth (?) sa-bsin fertile land, rich soil. sa-srdn hard ground. sa-srwi Cs. = sa-bdag v. above sa no. 1. sa-sros evening twilight, dusk Cs. sa-skyd a large monastery, S.W. of Lhasa, also the Lamas belonging to it, clothed in red, Wife. 132. Schl.73. sa (-skya)-cen(-po) honorary title of the Lama Kun-dga-snyin-po, born in the year 1090 after Christ ; sa-skyd pdndi-fa a famous Lam a of this monastery, born 1180. xrqr sd-ga n. of one of the lunar mansions, ' v. rgyu-sftdr no. ?, and hence also n. of a month, part of March and April, ni f. sa-ga-ra Skr. the sea. sa-gu-tse worm C. sa-tra Tar. 184 and 187, Schf.: di- ploma, patent, not to be found in Ssk. dictionaries. 1 ' sa-fel-ndg-po deity of the7/or- ^T'Si w sd-bon 1. seed, sd-bon O debs-pa to ' sow, sd-bon btdb-mKan sower, so- bon-du byed-pa to use as seed-corn Dzl. ; seed-corn, corn, grain, also green corn, sa- bon fsdm-la r/td-ba to mow off as if it were green corn Ma. 2. = Ku-Krdg, v. tfu-ba Med.\ also = Kit-ba, e.g. sd-bon O dzin-pa conception S.g., sa-bon zdg-pa emissio semi- nis Glr.', fig.: propagation, progeny, issue, sd-bon byed mi nus then no propagation can take place ; sa-bon cig zog 'propagate thy- self!' 3. fig. : dge-bai sd-bon the seeds or germs of virtue, sdig-pai sd-bon the germs of vice, da sd-bon ma bskyed-na if I do not now produce seeds viz. of virtue (else more frq.: 'a root of virtue') Dzl. ; byait-cub-kyi sd-bon Tar. 4. W. soap, ace. to the Hind. more accurately ^Lo sa- fso-ma Gopa, the wife of Buddha. sd-ya a million; this number, however, is not much in use with Indians and Tibetans, whereas the lak, Jbum, 100,000, frq. serves to represent a very large sum. sa-ydb (sovereign, 'father to a coun- try') a not unfrequent perversion of the title sa-heb W. ^..-.^j^. sa-ra-so-re also sar-sor, coarse- grained and fine-grained (corn, seeds etc.) mixed together W. sa-ri n. of a lunar mansion, v. ryyu- skdr 9&. -..p.. sd-la Ssk. n. of an Indian tree, Shorea r^ robusta, with which also some super- stitious fables are connected. ZTr ' of violin, r sa-lu Ssk. ^~[^\\ Oryza sativa, rice, as a plant; ace. to Sch. also Indian corn (?). 571 sa-le-sbrdm I3T sa-le-sbrdm (cf. sbram-bu) Wdn. fine gold. sd-heb, col. sab, sa6, sans-rgyds formerly in India title of Moslems of high rank, now title of every European, = gentle- man, sir. sag, also nya-sag 6s., 1. brawn, callo- sity; Sch, also: hair-side (of a skin); sag-can brawny, sag- fug a thick brawn. 2. W. scale, (of a fish) nya-sag-can scaly. sa 9~T^ r ^-> *sab-ddr* W., ysag- brddrSch. a rasp,sag-yddr rgyag- pa to rasp. sag-pa C. a little bubble, *sag sag zer-wa* to sparkle, to effervesce. sag-ram-rtsi sulphuric acid 6s. " sa #( s )- n ' shagreen. sag-ldd, Pers. oiil, l.finedoth, made of le-na, C. *go-nam* (v. snam-bu). European broadcloth W. 2. rpund or twisted lace, round tape, strips of cloth set with spangles? W. ^-- san 1. B., C. to-morrow, san-mjin id. Glr.', sdn-giydugs-la for to-morrow noon Dzl.; san nan-par 6s., san shd-bar Glr. to- morrow morning; also absolutely: on the following day Pth., dei-san id.; san -pod, more frq. san-lo next year; san-p'od da tsdm- du a year hence, this time a year. 2. W. particle denoting the comparative degree, inst. of las or pas of B., *de san i' gyal-la* this is better than that. 3. Ld., Bait. sometimes for yan. xrmcry^r- san-kritai skad the Sanskrit Ian- ^ guage Glr. ^^qi-m' sdn-yi-ka(?) a greenish stone of ' which knife-handles and similar articles are said to be made W. sa n- na > san-ne, san-sun Ld. secretly, privately, whisperingly, by report, = sdm-sum. san - s< J'i hiding-place, chink, crevice, Kyim - gyi of the house Sty. , for hiding money and treasures, = sbugs; gos- kyi folds of the dress, that are a haunt of vermin. sdn-ba, pf. (6)sws, fut. (b)san, 1. to do away with, to remove (dirt etc.), to cleanse, cf. O fsdn-ba, where also examples are given. 2. in a more gen. sense: to take away or off, Ms sdn-ba to uncover; *Ko-la nyi' san son* C. his sleep is gone, he cannot sleep. 3. to spoil, to render unfit or useless, *w6-ma san son* C. the milk is spoiled, *zcm san son* the cask or tub leaks C. Cf. sen. sa * s ~ yyy tlie Tibetan eq- valent for rf[; as to the etymo- logy of the word v. sub O f sdn-ba. The first historical Buddha is Sans-rgyas sa-kya fub- pa, whose family name is Gau-ta-ma and his personal name Don-grub, fa^ld, which, however, is not much used. In course of time several imaginary predecessors were given to him: ^Od-srun, Gser-fub and Kor- b a - )fy, a s having existed and reigned in former periods of the world. A successor also, Bydms-pa, was assigned to him, of whom it is supposed that he will reign at the period following this present one. Ac- cording to others, however, Sdkyafubpa was already the seventh Buddha that appeared on earth, the four above-named having been preceded by Tams-cad-skydb, GtsiLg -tor-can and Rnam-par-yzigs, this last one being the first of them all. These seven Buddhas then are comprised under the name of Sans- rgyas -rabs-bdun. But the fertile ima- gination of devote Buddhists has further in- creased the number of future Buddhas to not less than one thousand (?), appropriate names for each of them have been invented, and Prof. Schmidt has thought it worth his while, to have these thousand names re- printed in a special pamphlet. Mysticism, however, generally knows only of the five first-named Buddhas (Gautama, his three predecessors and his first successor) and to each of these five 'human' Buddhas a celestial Buddha corresponds, called 'Dhy- ani Buddha' or the Buddha of contempla- tion, whilst to every Dhyani Buddha again 572 sad sin-la his Dhyani Bodhisattwa is associated. In later tiroes there is even mentioned a supreme or highest god, Adi-Buddha, fog-mai Sans- rgyds, which doctrine, however, seems not to have been generally accepted. Cf. Kopp. II, 1529. OT- sad frost, cold air, cold, coldness, sdd- ' ' kyis J?yer-ba to be destroyed by frost Glr.; often in conjunction withser-ba, hail. sdd-pa I. to examine, see, try, test, fcyod bzod-dam mi bzod sad-par byao I shall see, whether you are patient Dzl. ; yser Itar sdd-nas mnon-par O gyur like gold, it is approved by testing Dzl.; nydms-sad-pa v.nyams; sdd-mi mi bdun 'the seven men of trial', i.e. the seven most distinguished and talented among the young Tibetans sent by king Kri-sron-lde-btsan to 'Kanpo Bodhi- sattwa, for being thoroughly instructed in religion and sciences Glr. 86, also Tar. 162, 22 ; las sdd-pai gdn-zag Mil. a tried, a tested man? II. frq. in conjunction with ynyid, resp. mnal 1. to cease to sleep, to awake, rmis ma-tag -tu directly from that dream Dzl., fzim-pa-las from sleep Dzl. 2. to rouse, from sleep, to waken, more precisely sad- par byed-pa; also fig.: dge-bai rtsd-ba good, virtuous, emotions Tar. san-gin, Pers. .-.xXXw, bayonet W. sab, col. for sa-heb. - sam-ta Schr., brtsam-grwa Cs.> others : bsdm-Kra,sdb-dra, pocket-book, note- book, memorandum -book, tablets C., W. (Cs. a small writing-desk?). mustaches. with e.g. *zer-ce*, from politeness etc.; *sam-sum zer* speak in a low voice! W. -.-. sa? 1 1 . termin. of sa, ce-sar O don-pa Cs. to promote to high rank or dignity, sar-ynas-dpd-bo (in a hymn) was explained by: sa bcu-la ynds-pai dpd-bo i.e. Buddha. 2.sdr-ycod-pa v. ysar. 3. sbst. wick W. sa-rdzi-ka Ssk. soda, in Wdii. it is mentioned as a plant, yielding soda. sar-sor v. sa~ra-so-re. sal-bdb W., and prob. also sal-sil Mil, gold ornament, gold lace, and the like, ni.f. j. sdl -le-ba clear, bright, brilliant Mil., sal-ler sndn-ba lighted up brilliantly, well lighted Pth., mdans sal-sal id. Pth. $!$J" sas instr. of sa. Tr si 1. in some parts of Ld. the termina- tion of the instrum. after vowels, like su in Kun. 2. also si -si, the sound of whistling through the teeth, si-skad, si-sgra whistling, whistle ; si-brda whistling, whistle, as a call or sign; si-glu a whistled tune. 3. num.: 58. p- sl-td n. of one of the four fabulous ^ Q^ streams of the world. si-ri 1. pack-thread, twine C., W. 2. bar, bolt, door-bar, *si-ricug-ce or gydb- ce* to bolt, to bolt up, *si-ri ton-ce* to un- bolt, unbar W. si-ri- bu centiped W. si-Til a kind of inkhorn , case for carrying an inkstand in one's pocket Ld. si-la Sch. back Cs. a sort of incense, the breaking up of the ice to hitch up, to give a hitch, as porters do with a load on their sig-bu Sch., sig-ra Schr., a sort of basket. sin v. sin-sin. ^jx* sin-sl-yur Sch. curdled milk, sour ^ milk. ^' s -i sin-ga-lai gliii Glr., f^r, Ceylon. s i> l -y e 1- fr V sil ' bu a littlc ^ piece, a fragment, ro sil- bur O for the corpse falls to pieces Mil; sil- sil col. id.; *sil cd~ce* to reduce to small pieces, by breaking, crumbling, plucking etc. W. s tt- sn yd n (also sil and sil-stt Lex.) cymbal, Icdys-kyi sil Q Krol-ba Lex., sil snydn rol-mo Jcrol-ba Glr., Dzl. to strike the cymbals; sil-snydn-ma a female cymbal- player Tar. s M~ ma ! the tinkling sound of a cymbal, rdza-cdb sil-mas snydn-pa 673 brjod tunefully flows the brook over its clay- slate bed Mil. ; sil-cdb gurgling water, rip- pling brook Mil. 2 .also sil-dnul the rupee of Ladak, 4)au, $ of an Indian rupee, *sil-iiulyyad-di nas* a patch of barley worth 8 Silma Ld. ^|- su I. pron., also suzig, 1. interrog. pron. ^ who? O di-na su yod who is here? Kyod su yin who are you? su ci-skad byd-ba yod who is it and what is his name? Ml.; which? = gait, rgydl-poi bu su zig which son of the king? Tar., su-rnams, su-dag, col. *su-su* plural form; in certain popular phrases: *su- gyog* race, running-match W., *su fob gyAb- pa* to pounce upon, to snatch away, to plunder 6'., W. 2. correlative and indefinite pron. : su mi di y sod-pa de-la . . . sbym-no to him that kills this man, I shall give . . . Stg.; Kyod snar su-la yan ysol-ba ma btdb- bam have not you already asked somebody before? jDz2.@, 14(acc. to a better reading); su de cdn-bai gdn-du mcio I shall go to him who has it Do ; su fod-fod whom it concerns Sch.(?)', su yan(run) whosoever, whoever, any body who, also absolutely: every, every one, all, su-bas kyait fyis later than all (the others) Dzl., when followed by a negative: nobody, frq,; su byuii Mil. = su yan; su med kyan though nobody be pre- sent Pth.', su, su zig, su gah is also used for somebody, some one, a certain (but not frq. and more in col. or vulg. language): su gah mdzd-bo zig a certain friend ; su ser- sna-can zig a (certain) miser; also in the following manner: *s>t cad dug su tsem dug* one cuts out, the other sews W.; *bo/t-bu su lo-cu-nyi-pa, su lo-cu-pa yin* some of the donkeys are twelve, others ten years old. II. termination: 1. of the term, after a final s, cf. tu, du, ru. 2. of the instr. in Kun.: *' i d-pa-su* from or by the father, inst. of the pas of B. (cf. jj in the Brfij- dialect of the Hindi). 3. expletive after nas Mil. and elsewh. HI. num.: 88. su-gi vulgar corruption of dzo-ki q.v. SM " WW a medicinal root serving as an antidote 6s. 574 " su-ru-pan-fsd rfn Guinea pepper, Capsicum annuum C.. W. *rpr su-lu? su-lui fsul-du bziigs-pa denotes ^ "^ perh. the usual sitting posture of Mi- laraspa who, while reciting his songs, used to stretch out his left leg, drawing up the other, and supporting his right arm on it, on which his head was leaning. XTTT- su-su 1. v. su. 2. su-su zer-wa ^ ^ denotes the drawing in the breath in blowing up a fire, the lips being nearly clos- ed, to prevent ashes or smoke from enter- ing the mouth. suy reward, recompense, sug-riidn id., sug-rjed mark of honour as a reward Cs. ; pay-suy a bribe, frq. sug-pa I. sbst. 1 . the hand Med. sug- bris handwriting Sch. 2. the lower part of the leg of animals, rtai sug-bzi', *mq-qu* W. id. 3. a medicinal herb Wdn. <7 7 II. vb. to push, jog, nudge a person, in order to waken him, or to make him atten- tive; to push open, a door with a stick Mil. ; sug-pa zig byed-pa Mil., *sug gydb-pa* C. to push, to shove, to displace, *sug ca yin* it will get out of its place W. sug-rmel Cs.: 'a kind of spice, betel, betel-nut' (?); sug-smel Lt. and C. cardamom. |r-q- sud-pa to cough, to breathe with diffi- culty Cs., sud-de si-ba to be choked or suffocated Sch. sun -p a vb. and adj . 1 . to be tired of, weary of, sick of; tired, weary, out of humour rnd-ba mi siin-te not tired of hearing Mil. ; yid sun-par ^gyur-ba to become tired, to get weary of; the more precise form of the adj. is sun-po: *zdg-dan de zd-na sun- po rag or sun-na rag* W. if one eats rice every day, one gets tired of it; *sems sun- po* id.; *'dm-cog sun son* C. one gets tired of hearing C. ; *sd-heb nyen sun run* though it may be disagreeable to you, Sir, to hear it C. ; fugs-sun dgons-pa yin-pa O dug I sup- pose your Reverence will be tired of it Mil.; *sun* (C. *sun*) *cug-ce* to make (a person) sum(-cu)-tig tired of (a thing), to vex, annoy, to stun or drown with noise, to deafen. 2. s&n-par byed-pa Dzl., and more frq. sun-par byin- pa \ . to drown with, to overpower by noise, to silence (thus prob. Mil. ch. 34 init.) ; hence 2. to refute, confute, disprove Tar. 3. c. ace. to insult, defame, disgrace, dishonour Schr., Dzl 999, 1, 3, ^V, 2; Bhar. 67, Schf.; so perh. also sun-pa in the following passage of Mil. : fugs-rje drdg-po sun ma by in we will not put to shame the great favour (of the Lama). 4. to renounce, to resign, sun Jbyin-pai stobs strength to renounce (the world). ^q-rr- sub-pa, pf. (b)subs, fut. bsub, 1. to stop up, plug up, close, cork; to keep Shut, closed, locked up, to stop, ka sna lag- pas to stop one's mouth and nose with one's handL^.; dbugs sub-pa to strangle, suffocate, choke (a person); to fill up, choke up (with earth, rubbish etc.) a lake Glr. ; sna-sub a disease of the nose? Lt. 2. to cover, close, shut up Sch., more frq., fig. rkan-rjes sub- pa to cover the trace or track, to efface every vestige; *ti-pi fur-la sub-ce* to turn down the brim of the hat; to blot out, erase, ri-mo a drawing, bu-lon-pai mih the name of a debtor; to hush up, conceal, cover, e.g. other people's offences; to suppress, to avoid, e.g. obscene words; to allow to settle, the mash, in brewing; in all these instances in W. also *sub-te bor-ce* is used. sum, for ysum, three, in compounds be- fore consonants : sum-cu 30, sum-brgya 300, sum-sto/i 3000; sum-ca, Sch. also sum- yar, a third, the third part, dzam-bu-gUn sum-ca ynyis (or only sum-ynyis) two thirds of Dzambuling (i.e. of the world) Dz., bod sum ynyis two thirds of (all) the Tibetans Ma. ; sum-sky d Sch. a cord of three twisted threads; sum-eu-rtsa-ysum the 33 ancient gods (of the Yedas) ; sum-cu-pa the thirty, i.e. 30 letters, the Tibetan alphabet, sum- cu -pa dan rtags- yug Zam. the alphabet and the punctuation, abbreviated: sum-rtdgs Lexx. sum (.-'' u )-tiy a medicinal herb Mecl sum-pa 575 putrid, rancid, rotten. II. vb., pf. bsums? fut. bsum, Sch. to bind or tie together, to draw together; to condense. sur-na, Pers. i/J, hautboy, larger than the gliii-bu and sounding sharper; for profane use. sur-pdn v. su-m-pan-fsd, colocynth. sur-sur coarse-grained, e.g. grits W. SM an artificial plait or gather made in a dress W. ; furrow, channel, groove, trench, ditch (6k); ri-sul lateral valley, ravine, hollow, ri-sid-gyi gron-Kyer ravine as a haunt of evil spirits; brag-sul narrow ravine between rocks ; ka-sul the fluting in a column; sul-can furrowed, having plaits or folds; sul-ma an angular, not round, vessel; sul-mdl the third stomach of ru- minating animals, the psalterium or book- tripe Sch., sul-mdns Lt. s us 1- instr. of su. 2. Kyeu-sus Grijatcli. 9V, 13, also %.? ^V se 1. Ld. inst. of te after s, e.g. *zos-se* - 2. num.: 118. $j'3pf *0-#0J 1- snapping one's fingers. - 2. the time it takes to do this, i.e. a very short time, a moment, a twinkling 6s., se-gol-gyi sgra the sound produced by snap- ping the fingers, sc-gol-gyi brda a signal given by it 6s.; se-gol ytog-pa Mil., byed- pa Mil., brddb-pa Glr. to snap one's fin- gers as a sign of contempt or indignation. se -t ran yellow beads of a rosary, coming from the central part of Ti- bet, accounted more valuable than *rdg- sa* W. se-diig v. se-si/l. se-drij bsc-dri the disagree- able smell of the sweat of the arm-pits Lt., se-dri bsndm-pa having that smell Pth. se-nam vulgar for bsod-xnyniitx, alms. sc-spur Sch. dung-beetle. **-*><*> 7^-ba, bsc-ba 1. rose-bush, rose- tree ; rose ; yser-mdog-se-ba-me (for me-tog} Lt., prob. the yellow rose; wild roses with beautiful and rich blossoms frequently adorn the slopes of the lower hills in the Hima- laya mountains; whether the se-rgod M/. and the 'wild rose' of 6s. are identical, seems to be questionable; *se-d-um* C. hip, haw. sin-se-ba is mentioned as the food of the silk-worm Glr., hence = ^6-se-sin. 3. thorn? sc-bo gray, skra se-bo gray hair; mgo se-bo (resp. dbu sc-bo) a gray-headed person. In col. language many things which we call gray, are styled white. se- bru, seu (C. *sen-du if , W. *sem-ru*) pomegranate. se-mo-do or se-mo-to Mil. a kind of ornament, e.g. made of pearls. se-moyC.i\\e venereal disease ; se-iind syphilitic ulcers Sch. - se-ydb, bse-ydb fig Med. se-ra, n. of a large monastery near Lhasa. Pf se-raff-dur-smdn carrot W. se-rel half open, *se-rel citg-cc* to open half (doors, lids, covers etc.) W. _^i. ^-. se-sin, bse-sitl 6s.: 'atree or shrub, good for hedges , se-dug i. poison contained in that shrub. 2. = se-mog 6s. ^jen- ^cn'^cn' sef J> se 9- s W obliquely, awry, 1 sideways, si-y-y cod-pa Cs., *seg-dhK-la dhd-wa* C., *8eg-t]<:-la dij-ce* W' to cut off obliquely (opp. to *ft?-kan-la* straight 6".). scg-ma small stones, gravel W. ' sen v. yseii. qj- scn-gc, W. *sih-ge*, lion, sch-ge-nw ' lioness, ^'n-i/cl rdl-pa the niaue ot ' sen-lddn 576 a lion; sen-get Kri fff^mf a throne ('said to be so called from its being supported by golden lions' Will.); sen-mgo lion's head Glr.\ sen-ydon-ma Sch., = si-ha-mu-ka lion's face, a goddess, Glr.; sen-pri> ^eh-po 1. clean, white, cf. sky a - sen. 2. Sch.: thin, airy, transparent, not dense or tight, sen-sen id. (Sch.: open, free, roomy, spacious); skye-bo seh-seh-por yyur they be- came very thin, lean, pale people, *sin-sin- po, sings-po* W. id.; sen-rds Sch., *sin-yol* W. a thin curtain, thin cotton cloth. seti-ba, pf. bsans, fut. bsah, bsen, to lift up, to raise what was hanging down or drooping W. *san co-ce or tan-ce* to lift up (the eyes, the hands, the dress etc.) ; sku-kdms bseh-ba-la O byon (his Reve- rence) goes to take some recreation Mil.; Kam-s dub-pa sen-ba to refresh the wearied body Mil.; /cams rmugs-pa bsen-bai rlun- ndd bracing air; skyo-bsdn-ba to unbend the mind, to divert one's self; skyo-se'n-la ^gro-ba (resp. Jbyon-pa) to take a walk, sen-la mdzdd-pa to drive out, to take the air in a carriage Pth.; mya-ndn bsdiis-te consolatory, giving comfort Pth. sen -* in > sen-sdn v. yseg- sdn. " sed a file, ^cag-sP* id., *siti-se'* a rasp. sen-fdbs Mil? sen-mo, resp. p e yag-sen or zabs-sen, nail of a fingeror toe; sen-fog a gripe, pinch, nip, twitch; a pinch (of snuff) sen- mo O de'bs-pa, W. *tdb-ce or gydb-ce* to pinch, squeeze, *scn-cus gydb-ce* to bore with the knuckles Wl; sen-tsdm Sch. as much as may be put on a finger-nail, a small quantity; sen-zo a white spot, such as will sometimes appear on the nails of the fingers. seb v. yseb. sem > usuallv sems i Sstc - *P?T> res p- soul; esp. as power of perception and volition, mind, cf. yid and bio; sems na the mind is disturbed, disordered Mug.; scm Jcruys-pa a mind agitated and troubled by sorrow, affliction, vexation etc., sem R6h-du (or Icotis- su} cud-pa one very much grieved, deeply concerned ; sem cuii-ba a timid mind, *sem fser-can* W. a compassionate disposition, *sem nye-mo* W. a friendly disposition ; sem yso-baB. } *sem so tdn-ce or cug-ce* W. to console, comfort, appease; the mind as ima- ginative faculty, intellectual power, sem stor- ba to lose one's senses Do. ; spirit, kun-'/zii sem the (eternal) spirit (opp. to O byiin-ba bzii lus the material, perishable body) Mil. ; sem-kyi spyod-pa intellectual power, mental faculties Wso, look-out, guard, spying, so byed-pa to spy, to look out; so-Kun peep- hole; so'-pa keeper, guard, watchman, spy, emissary, zas nor bdud-kyi so-pa yin money and dainties are the devil's emissaries Mil.; me-bso a guard or watch kept by several persons round afire; so-sgra 1. watchword, = sgar-min. 2. v. comp. "V. grammatical termination: * ten -so* pro vine, for rten-no C., also G/r. VI. num. for sum-cu in the abbreviated numbers 31 -39. VII. num.: 148. Comp. so-gri a saw. so-sc/ra the whist- ling through the teeth, in the magic per- formances of the Bonpo, so-sgra O debs-pa Glr. so-cdg a broken tooth. so-dreg tartar? Med. so-bud a tooth that has come out. so-mdn comb. so-0o' a small white spot on a tooth, cf. sen-zo. so-zed tooth- brush. so-sih toothpick. so-srub gap in the teeth Sch. so-ga = sos-ka. " so'-ca n. of an emetic Mcd. so-ndm(s) agriculture, husbandry, so-ndmsbyed-pa to till the ground, to practise agriculture, farming, sgrub-pa, O bdd-pa id., so-ndm-pa Cs. husbandman, farmer. ^f J" so-pa v. so IV. so-pa-ri Cs. a kind of berry, bene- ficial to the teeth. s -pdy brick, tile; also collective noun, brickwork, tiling. so-ba coarse, thick-shelled barley, used for fodder. so ~% a an aquatic bird S.g. so-ma 1. sbst. SsL (prop, a climbing plant the juice of which was offered in libations to the gods and was also wor- shipped itself, on account of its intoxicating qualities, hence) : hemp, also ytso-ma, btso- ma; so-ma-rd-dza id., so-ma-rd-dzai ras hemp-linen Schr., so-ma-rd-dzai fdg-pa hempen rope Pth. 2. adj. new, fresh, esp. W. *so-me ndn-na zer gos* this ought to have been mentioned directly (when it was still fresh in every body's memory). so ' fsis > s - fs ^ s house - keeping, management of domestic concerns, husbandry, cf. so - nam agriculture. so-lug lees of liquors, yeast of beer Sch. so-% high-road, causeway W. so-so' distinct, separate, singly, indi- vidually, zas so-soi Idg-tu ^ons-so the victuals came into the hands of the indi- vidual persons DzL; so-so-nas adv. frq.: so- so'- was snod bzed-de 'singulatim', each for himself, holding forth his vessel DzL ; va- rious e.g. *na so-so* W. for sna-fsogs of B.; diverse, different sdm-pa so-so different opi- nions, a dissension; separate, distinct, so- so' byed-pa, W. *so-so co-ce* to separate, disjoin, divide, so-soV bzdg-pa, T^ r .*so-sd bor- ce* to set, put, lay apart. so-so* skye-bo, TraT5fT, prop, one separated (from the saints), one outside the pale, a man of the lower classes, of low caste; with Buddhists: a layman, and as to his spiritual condition: a man in his natural state, one not yet en- lightened (like tyv%ixog I Cor. 2, 14, though on account of its derivation, the above term cannot well be used for the Greek word); also the lower classes of clerical persons, monks. so-sd(s)- far-pa, so-far, 579 son-pa liberation, deliverance, so-so-far-pai mdo the book of deliverance, code of the moral law, containing about 250 precepts for the priesthood, the monastic rules of the Bud- dhists. so-so-cd a medicinal herb, an emetic sog 1. v. sob. 2. for *srog* U. - sog-pa I. sbst , also sogs-pa, shoul- der-blade, scapula, sog-pai me-lon the flat part of it, soy-yu the narrow extre- mity of it ; sog-mo O debs-pa (v. mo III.) to divine from the shoulder-blade; sog-lhu shoulder as a piece of meat for boiling (I Sam. 9, 24). 2. vb. (also : ysog-pa, bsog- pa, sogs-pa) pf. (b)ags, fut. bsag, imp. sogs, bsag, W. *sdg-ce*, to gather, heap up, hoard up, pral sog- )og-med-pa without having collected and deposited the daily requisites, the things wanted every day Mil., bsod- nams sog-pa Mil., fsogs sog-pa frq. to col- lect, to hoard up merits of virtue, las-nan sog-pa to heap up sins; ysog-lddn morbid matter consisting in too great an accumu- lation of humours, ni f., Med.; dmdg-gi dpun sog-pa to collect an army DzL; to assemble, children Glr. ; hence *sag(s)* W. all (of them), *lug sag tsam* how many sheep are there in all? s g-p a Mongol Glr., sog-mo a Mon- gol woman, sog-prug Mongol child, Mongol boj,sog-cds Mongol dress or fashion of dress, sog-rta Mongol horse. sog-ma blade, stalk; straw; sog-Jbru Sch. green corn that begins to sprout ; sog-fsigs a knot on a stalk Cs.; sog-sbur a small blade of straw, chaff Ptli.; sog-mai Jbu- la a shoe of straw; sog-ru, sog -rum, sog- Idum stubbles. fc-fo B ; C., *cad-sdg, gya-sog* W. a saw, sog-les ycod-pa B. to saw to pieces, *gya-sog srul-ce* W. to saw; sog-le- Ka the toothed edge of a saw, also botanical term. : serrate, serrated (of leaves) Wdn. sogs and so forth, and the like, mostly preceded by la : mi-la sogs-pai srog- cdgs homo et cetera animantia, prop, the be- ings in addition to man; ba-ddn-la sdgs- pas brgydn-te decorated with little flags and the like; less frq.: la sogs-te, inst. of which always la-sogs-pa or pai may be used; often sogs alone, also in prose; after (la) sogs(-pa) usually a comma is to be supplied, and the words following are to be consider- ed as an apposition : yi-ge rtsis-la sogs-pa rig-pai ynas Ina writing, arithmetic and so on, the five sciences ; hence often applicable, when a comprehensive noun appellative does not exist: ysersogs gold and the other, viz. metals, Glr.; tsa sogs ysum the three fea-sounds, tsa, fsa and dza Gram. Note. In course of time the original grammatical sense seems to have been for- gotten, in as much as la is now read to- gether with soys-pa, and often also the dot separating the syllables is omitted. ^-. sou perf. and imp. of O gro-ba to go, 1. I went, I have (thou hast etc.) gone, v. ^gro-ba 1 and 2, e.g. der son yod-pas when he had gone thither Pth., son - son -ba- las going on continually, DzL, continuing to do a thing Dzl. ; son-ba yin it is gone, it is no longer extant Mil. ; dbdn-du son (he or it) came into the power of. . . S.g. ; da sdig- pa-la son-na Ttyy. if we now go on to (the topic of sins) W. : *da-run na ma son* it is not yet past five o'clock; *'i-ne sdn-pa 'a tsuy-pa* from, here (adverbially, like bzuns- te} to that place Ld.', imp.: *di-ru ma dug! son!* do not stand here! walk on! 2. be- came, turned etc. Kyi-mo zig-tu son she be- came a bitch, was changed into a bitch Mil., dkdr-por son it turned white Glr., *don ndg- po son* W. his face grew dark; *bi-gdn son* W. a hole has been made, it got a hole; *gydl-se Ka-cud sdn-ne* as she got a taste for the town W.; *nod cu gan son* the vessel was already full of water (when I came) W. *soti-fo* W. account of expenses. sod-pa 1. C. to wake, rouse. 2. sometimes for ysod-pa. son rarely for son ; frq. only in ndr-son- pa, v. na. j. son-pa 1. v. son. 2. v. ys6n-pa, yson-po. 37* 580 sob srdn-ma soo 1. also sog, ysob, ysog, null, void, vain, empty, bad in its quality, not dur- able. 2. also ysob something stuffed (as a chair), nan-sob, Jcon-sob, K6g-sob Wdn. prob. id. ; sob-stdn cushion, bolster, mattress, pags- sob the stuffed skin of an animal, seii^-gei) sob the stuffed skin of a lion Pth. jrrr som 1. also ysom, som-sin fir-tree, pine- tree. 2. also soras, imp. of sem-pa. ^TX- sor 1. also /sor, gimlet, rus-pa Jbugs- pai sor S.g. prob. a sort of trephine. 2. v. sor-mo. 3. v. sar, sor bzag-pa to put in its place {Sch. also: 'quite the same'?); rdn-sor v. ran compounds. 4. (cognate to so -ma?) sor cud-pa (Sch. O jud-pd) to restore, renew, e.g. exhausted strength DzL, the doctrine of Buddha Pth. 5. term, of so. sor-mo, resp. pyag-sor Mil., zabs- sor, 1. finger, toe; sor-ydub finger- ring, sor-fsigs the joint of a finger. 2. inch, sor-bzi-pa four-inched. ^fOfCV & ol-ba coal, esp. charcoal, = sol-nag-, sol-bai me coal-fire Lt. ; *sol-me* W. live coal, burning coal. S 1-P res P- Wendly, kind, affable C., W. sos 1. inst. of so, sos btdb-pa to bite, Sch. also to backbite, to calumniate. 2. v. yso-ba and O fso-ba. so ' s ~^ so '"^ a ' L in Tibet: spring, = dpyid, Mil 2. in India: the hot season, from about the middle of April till the middle of June. * sos-ddl or sos-bsdal Sch. : slow. sos-zin disease of the membrum virile, in five forms (prob. differ- ent stages of gonorrhea) Mng. xj-n* sr d-ba 1. adj., also srd-bo and srd-mo ^ Cs., col. *srdn-te* (cf. srdn-pa), hard, solid, compact, firm, and abstract noun : SO- lidity, hardness, compactness, of wood, meat etc., and often fig. : yzu-srdn a bow diffi- cult to be \)eniS.g.,rgas-srd hearty vigorous old age S.g.; mfson Jcar sra proof against cut and thrust, also: proof against malicious words Mil. sra-brkyan, coarse blanket of a monk. sa-rtsi varnish. 2. vb. W., to empty. _. . sran I. (cf. sroh-ba) 1. pair of scales, ^ balance B., srdn-la O degs-pa Cs., fzdl- ba, fsdd-pa Sch., srdn-ba Sp. to weigh, to balance. 2. steel-yard, *sran tdg-ce* to hold the steel-yard, in weighing. 3. weight, in a general sense, bre-srdn weight and measure, rgya-srdn Chinese weights Cs. 4. an ounce, sran gdn one ounce , sran do two ounces, sman srdn %%, two pounds of medicine, the daily quantity taken by Bud- dha when he had caught cold Dzl. L3,3. srdn-ca Sch. balance and what belongs to it. sran-mdd scale-beam or lever of a pair of scales Sch. sran-por scale. sran-fsdd Cs. weight. srdn-ba vb. v. above. II. street, lam-srdn id. ; sran-ydr Sch. : tortuous path, labyrinth (?). rgya-srdh street, lane Glr. ; rgyu-srdh the road which a person habitually walks. srdn-bu thread, yarn, dZ-6a, sgril-ba. "SJ* srdd-ma v. srdn-ma. sran ~P a (cf'Srd-bd) Cs.: pf.fut.osraw, imp. sron,W. *srdn-ce* to suffer, bear (with patience), endure, to be hardened W. frq., *srdn-fub-fcan or srdn-feg-Kan* one that can endure much; *Kyod sran gos* Ld. you must hold out, you must stand it; in B. sran O dzugs-pa is used in the same sense; *Kydg-sran-can* hardened, accustomed to frost, *dug-sran-can* inured to hardships W. *srdn-te* col. frq. adj.: 1. srd-ba (opp. to Ihod-po and O bol-mo) hard, firm, durable, rigid, strict. 2. fig. hard, severe, bitter. sdug-srdn hardiness Mil. ; sran-ce-ba = srdn-fub-mfcan. Cs.: srdn-pa sbst. hard- ship, severe distress or toil, srdn-par toil- somely, rigorously, srdn-pa-po one that hardens himself (?). _... ^Tr-r srdn-ma, srdd-ma I. pease, H \ > HI beans, lentils, Cs. mentions also srad-dkdr,srad-ndg and srad-s/ton, also mKal-srdn, in W., however, we only met with the common field pea and some dry imported Indian sorts of it (mon-srdn); rgya-srdn (Cs. mon-srdn) was the name the srab srid natives were inclined to give to our Euro- pean bean. sran-pun a heap of pease, sran-pub pease-straw, sran-pye flour of pease, sran-me blossom of pease. 2. grain, like rdog-po, e.g. of Indian corn; even Icdgs- kyi sran-cun Wdn. grains of shot(?). ^jq- srab bridle, rtai\ srab sga stan fsdn-po "^ a complete riding-gear; *srab cug-ce* W. to bridle, to bit (a horse), *srab gyur-ce* to govern, to rein (a horse) srab-skyogs Cs. the reins, srab-lcags Cs. the bit srab- mfur Sch. the halter. srab-mdd Stg., Ld.: *sram-dd* reins. srdb-paB., *srdb-mo*W. thin, tender, fine, e.g. skin Dzl, cloth, leather, paper, clouds; shallow, loose, nnt close; srab- mftl Sch. inner sole, welt ; srab-mfug thick- ness, dimension. ^P'lpT srab-srib Cs. dark, obscure. ^tj- sram, ^r 1. otter, the flesh of which is considered very nourishing, the liver is used as a remedy for strangury S W. for sprug-pa, srub-pa ^2, ' and dkrug-pa: L to shake, to shake out. 2. to stir, stir up, twirl. 3. to shake, to make to totter. srun-ba I. vb., pf. (b)sruns, fut. bsruh, imp. (b}srun(s), Ssk. ^, 1. to watch, to keep guard intrs.; but gen. trans., i.e. to watch, to keep, to guard, to keep in custody, the house DzL; to save from, to pro- srun-pa 583 sre-ba tect, to shelter, e.g. lus, the body, but also : to keep unpolluted, pure, chaste; bdag srun- ba to guard one's self, in a special sense: to live as a bdag-sriih, as a hermit DzL; to preserve, bdag ynod-pa fams-cdd-las srutls sig may I be preserved from every harm ! Do.', with la: bddg-la srun-du ysol I pray to preserve, to protect me Do. 2. to beware of, to guard against, lus dan ndg-gi nyes-pa DzL, lus dan nag srun-ba (v. above no. 1) DzL 3. to keep, to observe faithfully, a promise, laws; bkd - srun - mKan obedient, faithful, trustworthy. - 4. to hinder, forbid, prohibit, rigs-kyis, bddg-pos, cos-kyis srun it is forbidden, it is prohibited, by the degree of kindred, by the husband, by religion in general Thgy.-, to prevent, to be a preser- vative or preventive 84. 5. to wait, = srin- ba, e.g. *zag nyi* for two days W. II. sbst. 1. the keeping, guarding, the heed, guard. 2. the person or the thing keeping, guarding, esp. amulet, preventive, preser- vative, btdgs-pa to suspend (an amulet, to the neck or other part of the body). Comp. and deriv. srun - skud, - K6r or -mdud an amulet consisting of threads. srun-mKan keeper, guardian, watchman, *fsdn- la srun - Kan* W. (night-) watchman; srun- pa B. = srun-mEan, bzd-sin-ra-ba srun-pa keeper of a fruit-garden DzL; srun-po Cs. = srun-mKan ; srun-ma B. id., dmyal-bai srun-ma guardian of the infernal regions frq. DzL ; cos-sky on-bai srun-ma fams-cdd all the tutelar gods of religion Mil. ; collect- ively: body of watchmen, Ihd-rnams-kyi srun-ma ddn-po the first corps of watchmen of the gods, the Naga; rgydl-poi srufi-mai mi the men of the king's body-guard Stg. srun-sems the taking heed, being cautious. srun -P a > bsrun-pa, calm, soft , mi | d? aD d : mildness, gentleness, meekness; srun-po adj. = srun- pa, esp. of horses: quiet, tame; sin-tu mi- bsrun-zin very malicious, malignant, of de- mons Mil. srub v. srus. . srub-pa, pf. imp. (6)srw6s, fut. bsrub, 1. to stir, stir up, stir about, zo srub- pa to churn, to make butter. 2. to rum- mage, to rake up, to stir, to turn over. - 3. to rub, two pieces of wood against each other Wdn. *srub-ih* C. 1. twirling- stick. 2. mischiefmaker, disturber of the peace. *rub* 1. a cleft, slit, gap, fissure, brag- srubs chasm or cleft in a rock, smaller than ser-ka Mil; intermediate space, interval, interstice; rent in a dress; disunion, sepa- ration ; wound Lt. ; srubs Jbye Lt., srubs O for Sch. a severing, a wound has been made; srubs ytor-ba to rend asunder, to tear Sch. *fsem-srub dol-ce* W. to rip, to cut open a seam. 2. seam? 3. W. col. for srus. srum resp. for meat, flesh of animals used as food, srum-K6g an animal slaughtered and cut up, for a person of quality. srul-po 1. evil demon, malignant spirit Mil. ; lus-srul-po Lex. sorcerer. 2. putrid, rotten Cs. srul-ba, pf. and fut. bsrul, I. to be corrupted, decomposed, of the hu- mours of the body Wdn. II. W. *srul-ce, =si-ug-ce* 1. to stir, * fug- pa* the soup, to mix and stir, *cu-la pe* flour with water. 2. to shove, to move, to and fro, *pdg-te srul-ce* to plane, *cad-sog srul-ce* to saw. 3. *fa si-ul-ce* to put a horse to a gallop ? srus, W. also *srub*, unripe ears of wheat etc. *srub nye-ce* W. to rub them between the hands; the grains, thus being shelled, are considered a rural dainty; o brds-kyi srus a shelled grain of rice. _._.... srus-pa Sch. to thicken, to become more consistent, by evaporation, by boiling. j.j-. sre-da Wdn., sred %., a species of ^ corn(?). sre-ndg Lex. soot; W. *sre-mda*. sre-ba I. sbst. a certain shrub 6s. 584 sre-mog srog II. vb., pf. bsres, fut. bsre, imp. (b^sres, trans, to O dre-ba 1. to mix with, to mingle, to admix, mdr-la sre-ba to mix with butter Lt., can cu sre-ba to mix beer with water Med.; dreu sre-ba to breed mules; bsres-pa mixed up, confused, of a narration Tar.; fig. fca or lus sre-ba to communicate with another, i.e. to live, to eat, drink, smoke with a person Do.; skyid sdug sre-ba to share pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow Glr.; W., like *ze-ce*, to exchange for: *zan dan srog* to risk one's life for a subsistence. 2. to add; to add up, cast up, sum up Wdk., *nyl dan nyl sre zi* 2 and 2 make 4 W. sre-mog v. sre-ndg. sre-mon weasel, prob. = *la-Kyi-mo* W.; sre-mo Lex. sre-lon 1. Sch. : the sinew above the heel. 2 n. of a medicine? ^rcjr^r sreg-pa I. sbst. (W. *srag-pa*} par- tridge. II. vb., pf. (b~)sregs, fut. bsreg, imp. (b~)sreg(s), W. * srdg-ce* to burn, i.e. 1. to consume, to destroy by or with fire (mes, me- ld} e.g. a corpse, ddg-mo, or W. *ndn-tan*, altogether, entirely, dgra an enemy (sc. in effigy); sbyin-sreg burnt-offering; to make red- hot, Icags-bsregs red-hot iron Thgy. 2. to roast, fry, bake, on a spit C., or in a pan, *mdr-la* in butter W.; *td-gir srdg-ce* to bake bread W.; to tan, to make swarthy, nyi-mas (to be tanned) by the sun Dzl.; bsre'g-fcan Sch. shed for storing up fire-wood. xjr* sren, mi-sren C. = mi-rkydn, v. rkyan- pa. $fc sred v. sre-da. sred-rgyal-ma a deity of the Bonpo Mil. sred-pa 1. vb., sbst., adj. to desire, the (lesire, desirous, zds-la of food Lt., Ka-fsai ro-la of acid or hot substances Med.) rol-mo-la (liking) music Stg.; yul- sred-pa cun-ba not much attached to his native country; )ig-rten(-la') sred-pa ava- rice, covetousness Mil., O dod-sred-can cove- tous, greedy Pth., cdgs-sred-can lecherous, libidinous Pth. ; sred-pa-las yons-su grol-ba quite free of any desire, (so is Buddha); sred-po Cs. lover, sred-ma Cs. sweet-heart. 2. symb. num. : 8. f sren (?) floor W. srel-ba, pf. and fut. bsrel 6s., W. *srdl ce* to bring up, to rear, to nurse up, to train, infants, young animals, *srdl- Kan* nourisher, fosterer, nurse etc. 5J$T ares Ts. = zi-gil q.v. ^r sro, resp. fugs-sro. W., heat, ardour, pas- s sion, wrath, anger, *sro yon* anger rises (in a person), he (etc.) grows angry, *sro bob, sro bud* the anger abates; *sro-rin- mo* slow to wrath, *sro-can* furious, raging, *sro-fun* hot, ardent, passionate. sro - ba, pf. (6)sros, fut. bsro, imp. (6)sro(s), to warm, to make warm or hot at the fire, or in the sun Glr., Lf. ; Jdm- pai drod-kyis bu bsro (a mother) foments her child with a gentle warmth Thgy. ^rt- sro-ma 1. egg of a louse, a nit 6'., W., sig-sro O du nits are increasing fast S.g. 2. small bubble W., *cdn-la sro-ma Kol* the beer foams, froths in fermentation. 3. sro-ma ndg-po, sro-ma sen-ge n. of a me- dicinal herb Med. ^T(^' sro-lo Med., Sedum and similar plants. -n- srog life, srog ) 'cod- pa to kill, frq. ; ' srog ten-pa, O prog-pa id., esp. when done by demons; srog dan O prdl-ba id., esp. to execute, to put to death Glr., srog dati O brdl-ba to die; srog O bul-ba Dzl. 3V-?, 12 Sch. : to sacrifice, to yield up one's life, but the manuscript of Kyelang has : srog dati O brdl-lo, and sd-bai srog Kyed-la O bid-lo (Mil.) means: I make you a present of the stag's life, i.e. I spare its life for your sake; srog O dor-ba to sacrifice, one's life, prop, to cast it away Dzl. ; srog-la mi ltd-ba to make light of one's life frq. ; srog dan bsdo-ba to risk, to hazard one's life, frq.; srog skyob- pa to save life Dzl., srog Jbyin-pa, O don-pa id., Thgy. : to save, to preserve (a child's) life (by well caring for it); srog O fso-ba id. Dzl., S.g. (Sch. also: to recover, to grow sr6h-ba 585 dad well again) ; sr6g-gi kd-ba n. of a vein ; srog- gi snyin-po Mil. ? Comp. *sr6g-sky6b* W. deliverer, redeemer, saviour. srog-Kun Mil. the deep cut or stab, by which Tibetan butchers kill animals (Hue I, 443), srog-Kun Jbyed-pa to stab in this manner. srog-can, srog-lddn having life, living, alive. srog-cdgs animated being, mi-la sogs-pai srog-cdgs fams-cdd all men and other living beings Dzl., srog- fdg = dpyan-fdg. srog-bddg cen-po = pe-dkdr Glr. srog-med lifeless, inanimate. srog-rtsd 'root of life, vein of life', aorta S.g., chiefly used rhetor, and fig. srog- Un deadly, fatal Lt. srog-sin axle, axle- tree; mcod-rten- gyi srog-sin the pole in a Chodten ; fig. prop, sems-kyi srog-sin Mil. ^T*n w sron-ba, pf. bsrans, fut. bsran, imp. sron(s), bsran, W. *srdn-ce !f , to make straight, to straighten, yon-po what is awry, crooked Lex., yzet* sron-ba to beat out nails; to equal Sch.; sku drdh-por bsrans -te (he sat) straight and erect, cf. also sran and bsrdn-po. W.: *srdn-te ca dug-ga 'i-ru dad* will he pass straight through or does he stay here? tsan - s 9 dm 'po Srong- tsangampo, n. of the most famous king of Tibet, a contemporary of Mohammed; he introduced the Tibetan letters, and was the chief promoter of Bud- dhism and its literature. %fc ^ft'olcr srod > srod -J in dusk of the evening, twilight, *srodrub* W. the dusk of evening draws near, it is getting dusky, sroddan fo-ransinihe evening and morning Lt. ; srod byin son night has set in; srod yol son id., viz. the time about 11 o'clock at night C.; srod-la in the dusk of evening Mil. srod-Jlor-pag Cs. (?) the Ryim of evening-twilight, v. nyin-'zag. srod-lon dayblind, nyctalops, seeing better in a mild than in a bright light. *r<>! usage, custom, common use, habitual practice, habit, der yi-gei srol med-pas as the art of writing is not yet in use there Glr.] sitdr-srol bzdn-po-la dyons sig keep in mind the good old customs Glr. ; srol cdgs- pa, srol-du O gyur-ba Cs., srol-du O fsiid-pa to grow into a habit, to become the custom (of a person, a country); srol O dzugs-pa to introduce a practice Glr.', srol y tod-pa Lex. prob. the same; bka-srdl = srol, but at the same time expressive of reverence for the originator of the custom Zarn.; pyag-srol Mil. is said to be a respectful expression for lag-len-gyi srol(?)', legs-pai dpe-srol btsug- ste Glr. having introduced good customs for imitation; fob-9r6l claim, title, right, founded on old custom. sros 1. v. sro-ba. 2. Cs. sbst. = srod twilight, dusk of evening, mun-sros- pa dusky, dark; Glr.: sa sros-nas when it grew dark. sla(n)-nd a large iron pan for parching grain, dan-dregs soot ad- hering to a pan. sld-ba I. adj., also sld-mo 1. thin, of fluids (opp. to skd-ba, fug-po, rens- pa) W. *lan-te*. 2. easy, opp. to dkd-bo difficult, ses-pa sld-ba ma yin knowledge is not easily obtained Dzl. ; usually with the supine : rig-par slao it may easily be found out Dzl., or with the root of the verb: go- sld easy to be comprehended. II. vb., v. sle-ba. Wq- slag -pa, slog -pa fur-coat, sgo-sldg Mil., more corr. 7, hunting-coat, made of the skin of an antelope; spyan-sldg, W. *san-lag* fur- coat of a wolf s skin; fsar-sldg coat of lamb's skins; ras-sldg prob.: a fur-coat covered with calico Glr. ^C" dan 1. v. sub sla-na. 2. v. slon-ba. sldn-Ka shelf, shelves, stand. sldn-ba v. sldn-ba. - slad, eleg. = pyi I, II, IV, 1. slad-rdl ^ ' hind part, back part Lex., ddd-bzin-du or sldd-bzin-par behind, e.g. O brdn-ba to walk behind one, sldd-sa = pyi-sa (*TO) dung Bhar. 2. after, sldd-na c. genit. == ^g-tu Dzl. ; sldd-nas adv. afterwards, here- after, subsequently Lex. and; sldd-kyi subsequent, later, posterior; sldd-ma Cs.; 586 the hind part, that whic]j comes after, the later or latter part; sldd-mar, sldd-kyis after- wards, hereafter, sldd-mar yah also for the future. 3. sldd-du on account of, for the sake of. sldd-pa, pf. bslad, (cf. Ihdd-pd) to mix, esp. with something of an in- ferior quality, hence to adulterate, vitiate, to spoil, to corrupt, skyon-gyis or Ihdd-kyis ma sldd-pa not marred by any defects Lex., pyin-ci-Ug-gis yons-su sldd-de quite unfitted by perversity DzL', gdr't-gis kyan ma sldd- pa without any thing detrimental operating, not subject to any noxious influence Wdn.; de myos-sm sldd-par byds-te making him drunk and thus disabling him Dzl. 5^r- dan 1. (?) *na-sldn* W. the furred ear- ^ ' coverings of Tibetan ladies. 2. = slad; slan-cdd = p'yin-cdd. sldn-te v. sld-ba. - dan-pa 1. to mend, patch Sch. 2. v.bslan. s ldm-pa, 1. to roast slightly, to parch, to make brown by exposing to heat, e.g. meal C, W. 2. to roast, to fry, * mar- la* W. M- star, eleg. = pyir, 1. again, over again, ^ once more. 2. afterwards, hereafter, sldr-nas id. C. alar yan O jug-pa to be affixed or added again (of letters, to the end of a word) Gram.; slar ^dn-ba to come back, to return DzL; slar-ysegs he went away again DzL; slar stobs skyed he regains strength S.g. ; sldr-bsdu-ba the final o of a verb, indicating the end of a sentence Gram. slas l.v. lhas. 2. retinue, train, atten- dants, wives and servants, po-brdii-gi slas a king's or prince's retinue, the court, people at court DzL ^t- sliC. ace. to some authorities: ayellowish ^ red apple, or Indian apple (opp. to ku-su Tibetan apple); ace. to Cs. cherry; cherries, however, arc scarcely known in Tibet. sli-tsi small, wild -growing, cherry -like dwarf-apples, Pyrus baccata; *bi-li-tsi* W. gooseberry; *wdm-pu-li-tsi* the whiteberries of a species of mountain-ash, Pyrus ursina (^wamp'u* in the Bunan language: 'bear'). slog-pa . slu-ba, pf. bslus, fut. bslu, imp. (&)S/M(S), to entice, allure, ensnare, beguile, se- duce, e.g. to be ensnared by wordly sorrows; lessfrq. in a direct sense: to impose on, to deceive, rdzun byds-te by a falsehood DzL', slu-Jcrid enticement, seduction, means of se- duction, bait; bzdh-poi slu-Jcrid enticement to a good purpose; bslu-ba-mttan deceiver, deluder, impostor Glr. ; mi-slu(-ba) infallible, sure Mil. r sle 1. a coarse blanket Ts., = cd-ra, cd- ^ ri. 2. n. of the capital of Ladak. sle - tres Med. n. of a creeper or climbing plant. gj'f sle-po U, sle-ba, sle-bo Cs. a flat basket. 3^rn * sle-ba 1. vb., bsle-ba, Ihe-ba. pf. lhas B., *ld-ce* W. to twist, plait, braid, the hair, (to make) a basket etc. ; to knit. II. sbst. 1. v. no. I. 2. distortion, dis- location (of a limb) Cs.; sle-bo one that has a distorted limb Cs. ; sle - mig a distorted eye Cs. sle-yon craft, deceit, trickery, sle-yun byed-pa to cheat, deceive, impose upon Cs. gfc* sled knitting-need le(?) Ld. sleb-pa, pf. (b)slebs, fut. bsleb, resp. O byon-pa, peb-pa (cf. ^dn-ba), 1. to arrive, with termin. ; bslebs-zin I have arrived, he has arrived ; in Ld. however the future *slebs yin' is also pronounced *leb ziri*. 2. to reach, to extend, to a certain place or point Pth. and col. 3. to come in (of interest, rent, duties), hence sleb income, re- venue, public revenue, receipt of customs etc. ; sleb-fo account of receipts. IH'^r slo-dron warm fresh dung Sch. |jjpn"]' slog-pa I. sbst. v. slag-pa. II. vb., pf. bslogs, fut. bslog, Cs. (trs. to Idog-pa) to turn, to turn round or about, to turn upside down, inside out, rkydl-pa pyi-ndn slog-pa to turn out the inside of a bag; mig slog-pa to roll one's eyes; *boh- bu ma-lag slog O dug* the donkey is rolling on his back; sa slog-pa to plough up, turn slon-ba 587 up, to dig the soil; in arithmetic: *sum nyi log-pa dug* W. two times three are six. slon-ba, sldh-ba, pf. (b)slans, fat. (b}slan, imp. slon(s), W. *ldn-ce*, I. causat. and transit, form to Man- ia. 1. to cause to rise, to help to rise, one lying on the ground; dgrd-ru slon-ba to cause a person to rise as an enemy (cf. dgrar Iddn-ba), i.e. to make a person one's enemy S.g.; bsdd-pai mi-ro slon-ba to resuscitate the slain ; to excite, cause, inspire, compassion, fear, terror etc.; prag-dog-gis, skyo-sas-kyis kun-nas bslans-te Glr., Mil. quite excited by envy and hatred, ni f.; esp. in pathology of the procatarctic or exciting causes of diseases: to kindle (a disease) into action, hence sloii-rkyen the exciting cause (of a disease) ; to raise, to erect, a pile, post, wall Mil. ; sldn-sih a pile, stay, prop, erected or set up. kun-slon Lex. , Mil.: nyon- mons-kyi slon-kun-slon excitement (??). II. (perh. originally quite a different word), 1. to ask, require, ccdp. klu zig nd- la dpe sloii a Lu asks me for the book Dzl.; bit -mo cun-mar slon-ba to ask a man's daughter in marriage Dzl.', esp. to beg, to try to get by begging: cun-zad bsldn-no we beg for a little of it! Dzl, pd-la sld/ts-nas %^'heobtained it from hi slather by begging Mil. ; bsod-snyoms slon-ba to collect alms by begging (slon-ba partic. and sbst. beggar, mendicant Dzl , slon-mKan, slon-ba-po id.); hence. 2. to collect, to gather, nor Cs. riches. 3. to examine, to probe (a wound), rrna-ysar mdzub-mos a fresh wound with the finger Thgy.; also: to search a man's house. 4. to give, Ha-lhdg cig sdus-la slon cig gather some of the remnants of the meal, and give them to me! Mil., so in Sp. and C. frq. s lh- mo alms, don-mo slon-ba Lex., byed-paCs. to ask alms, to beg; slon- mos O fso-ba to live on alms; slon -mo -pa beggar Pth. ^Tr-rr slon-pa 1. Sch. to patch, to mend. 2. Sch. : dpdn-po pyir slon-par byed- pa to dissemble, to feign (?) 3. Cs.: to thrust out. $Tq. slob the act of learning, study, slob ma myotl-ba to have had no instruc- tion or education; slob />rid-pa to teach. slob-pa, I. vb., pf. bslabs, fut. bslab, imp. slob(s), W. *ldb-ce*, to learn, to teach, i\a or rid-la slob I learn, was slob I teach, de-la mfcan slob ynyis-kyis lo-isfsa bslabs both the abbot and the instructor taught him the art of translating Pth. ; na rtsis sig slob O dod-pas slobs as I should like to learn something of mathematics, teach me! Pth.', bslabs -pas ses-te when he had learned it Pth.; bsldb-cin lobs-pa yan dka as learning is difficult, even if one is taught Dzl. ; slob-tu ^jug-pa to let one take lessons, to have or get one instructed Dzl.; *iu-gu-la gom-fcm Idb-ce* to teach a little child to walk W.; mi-la yi-ge bslabs schools were established Glr.; yon-tan slob-pa to teach (to learn) good, useful, things Pth. and frq. II. sbst. 1 . the act of learning Dzl. - 2. teacher, instructor, brdm-ze slob-pa a Brah- man as instructor Dzl.; O pdgs-pa slob-pa- rnams the venerable preceptors (more than dge-slon, less than dgrd - bcom-pa) Tar. 5, 1. 31, 9. Comp. *lob-Kydd* W. use, practice, ex- ercise. slob-grwd school, school -room, school-house; *lob-da-fcdn* W. id. sfoi- grogs school-fellow, co-disciple. slob-ynyer student, scholar, slob-ynyer gdh-du byyis where have you studied ? at what college have you been a student? Mil. slob-dpon teacher, instructor, master, frq.; also a college- title like our bachelor etc. ; 'the teacher' by way of eminence, is either Buddha or Pad- ma-byun-ynds. slob- bd>ts scholar, pupil, disciple, - bu-slob Mil. slob-ma id., frq. *lob-M* report, rumour, fame W. Cf. bslabs. slobs exercise, practice, experience; miy- slobs nan -pa skye Mil. a bad custom of seeing begins to prevail (vi/. that of looking downward, and minding only earthly things). y sa ' bsa MiL > c - ( w - ** an *) the snow -leopard, nearly white, with small clusters of black spots; living on the higher mountains. 588 ysdg-pa Sch. to sew together. i s secret, hidden, ysan sor the secret comes out, is made known DzL j-^.-.. ysdn-ba I. vb. to do a thing se- cretly, to conceal, na-la ysan-du mi run it is not right of you to be so close to me Mil.; ysdn-ste brkus-nas stealing se- cretly, ysdn-ste bskydl-nas sending under- hand, furtively Dzl.; to hide one's self, to be concealed dben-pai j-nas sig-tu ysdn-ste be- taking one's self secretly to a solitary place Dzl, yid-mfun-par ysdn-ste keeping it secret with one consent Dzl.', *san-ne dad-ce* W. to sit concealed. II. sbst. 1. secret things, a secret; ysan- bai bdag-po = ysan-dban v. below. 2. secret parts Med., also ysan-ynds Med., ysdn- bai pdd-ma Med., sometimes the anus in- cluded; ysdh-bai nad diseases of the sexual organs Med. III. adj. 1. secret, hidden, concealed, ysdn- bai cos esoteric doctrine Dzl. ; pyi-nan-ysdfi v. pyi HI. 2. Kyi-mo nyan-gyi rna ysan- ba a female dog of very sharp hearing (v. yseh-ba). Comp. ysdn-kan a secret room 6s. ysdn-sgo a secret door Pth. ysan-sgro S.g. ? ysan-sndgs secret charms, mysterious incantations, frq.; even in medical works they are praised as the 'best medicine'. ysan-mje v. mje. ysan-ynds 1. a secret place. 2. mystery, nif.: ysdn-bai ynas du-ma ysuns he taught many mysteries, many secret doctrines. 3. privities, pudenda. ysah-spyod privy, necessary, water-closet. ysan-dbdn, ysan-rdor Mil., ysan-bai-bddg-po Do. = rdo- r)e- can, v. rdo-rje, comp. ysdn-pa resp. to hear, to listen Dzl; Kyodysan dan listen (to me)! Mil.; bdag-gi fsig-la yson id. Glr.; with las or la: to hear a person teaching, expounding etc. Tar. Cf. ysdn-pa. ysdb-pa v. ysob-pa. ysdr-ba, ysdr-pa, usually ysdr-po new, fresh, lug-sa ysdr-ba fresh mutton Lt. ; rma ysdr -pa & raw wound ysdl-ba Thgy.; bdg-ma ysdr-pa the young, (recently married) wife Dzl.; *bhu-mo sdr-pa* a girl that is still a virgin C.; ysdr-du adv., ysdr- du bsdd-pai sa flesh of animals that have just been slaughtered, lit.: fresh-slaughtered flesh Dzl.', Ka-ysdr a new edge; kan-ysdr new house, also a name of villages, castles etc. ; gos-ysdr, mar-ysdr Lt. ; rta-ysdr Schr. a horse not yet broken in. ysar O grogs- pa Sch.: 'to tell each other news; to make a new acquaintance'. *sar-zug co-ce* W. to plant (a piece of land) for the first time, to cultivate, to people, to stock with in- habitants. fsar-rin old and new, stale and fresh; age, duration, existence. j-sar y cod -pa frq., also fsar y cod -pa Pth., to search, inquire into, investigate thoroughly, to examine, to study, skad a language. ysdr- bu new beginner, tyro, novice Mil. cn^jq-q- ysdl-ba vb., to be clear, distinct, bright, dor sdr-zin ysdl-na when (the sun) shines bright again; mdr-me Q ci- fcar ysdl-ba bzin flaming up once more, like an extinguishing lamp Glr. ; lhan-ne Iham- mer ysdl-te appearing bright, clear and dis- tinct DzL; ysdl-lo it is clear, it is evident; it stands written, it may be read, O dul-ba- na ysdl-lo it may be read in the Dulva Glr.. Tar.-, ysdl-po (irarrer) visible to a great distance, conspicuous, distinct, obvious, in- telligible; kun-ysdl id.; *mig sdl-po ton mi tub, nag sdl-po zer mi se* W. his eye, his speech, is not clear, he is not able to see, to speak distinctly; ysal - dag - snyan- ysum B. = the popular sgra-dag-ysal-ysum, v. sgra', yi-ge ysdl-po a plain, legible hand- writing; clear, bright, ysdl-bai me -Ion a bright mirror (a frq. title of books); bright, light, pure, of colours, dkar-ysdl pure white Glr. ; pure, free from faults and deficiencies, * sdl-po gydb-ce* W. to correct; sa-pyogs kyaii ysdl-bar gyur-ro also his whole neighbour- hood will be freed from defects, will be- come happy Do.; ysdl-le-ba = ysal-ba; ysdl- Ka Tar. prob. = ysdl-ca, Mil. : ysdl-ca zig yndn-ba zu I request (you) to give me a detailed account, inst. of which also only sal cig may be said. ysdl-sin 589 ysus-pa ysdl-sin (like OTavQog in its ori- ginal meaning) a pointed stake, for empaling malefactors, ysdl-sin-du or ysdl-sih-gi fse-la skyon-pa to empale. Cf. rky aii-sin. y sas - mo Lexx. ; in Lt. prob. : mother's milk. y s fy~P a Cs., a ls bsig-pa, to throw up in a backward direction; in Thgr. is said of a lion : rdl-pa ysig he shakes his mane; dpun-bsig Cs.: 'the shaking of one's shoulder' (prob. for: shrugging); to winnow, to fan, to sift Stg.; W. y s in- ma 1- pasture-ground, meadow Dzl. 2. moor, fen ScJiJ qpj^r^'n* ysir-ba Sch., bsir-ba Cs. 1. to whirl about or round, to twirl, pan a spindle, mda ysir-ba Cs.: 'to whirl an arrow'. - 2. W. to move by a repeated pushing, pdg-ste a plane; to smooth, to even, with a plane, a knife etc. ; to slide, glide, slip, down a slope. y sil ~ ba * to cutto P ieces > to divide, split, Ihu-ru Mil., dum-bur Lea;., ysor-gyis ysil-ba to saw to pieces, to saw up. 2. to toll, sound, ring, dril-bu ysil-ba to ring a bell Cs., hence mKar-ysil v. mKar- ba. 3. *sil-ce >! ' W. to read. ysil-bu and ysil-ma v. sil-bu. ysun, resp. for skad and ytam, 1 . voice, ysun byun a voice sounded, was heard Glr., ysun dag-pa a clear voice, like that of Buddha Dzl. 2. the act of speaking, talking, ysun glen-ba to converse, discourse, ysun O dre-ba, ysun- dre mdzdd-pa id. ; that which is spoken, the words uttered, the speech, Kyed-kyi ysun del Idn-du in answer to your words Glr.; ysun klog-pa to read the sayings, the apothegms (of Buddha) Ma. ysun-ba I. vb., pf. ysuns, resp. for smrd-ba B. and C. (in W. *mol-ce* is used inst. of it) to speak, talk, say, the latter also with the terrain, of the infin., inst. of direct speech, but rarely; de-skad ma ysun your Reverence should not say so! Mil.; ysun ma ynan it did not please him to speak Mil.; rdzun ysun-ba to tell a falsehood, to lie; to explain, don Mil.; to ask; mi O dod mi ysun bzes-par zu Mil. please accept it without ceremonies (without a refusal); zal- yddms ysun-ba to give advice etc. Glr.; cos ysun-ba to preach Glr.; mgur-ma ysun-ba to recite or to sing a song (but also: mgur- ma smrd-ba, zer-ba is said). Comp. ysun-bgros report, statement, opi- nion. ysun-mcog principal word, main dogma e.g. the Ommanipadmehum Glr. fsun-snydn a harmonious voice, an agree- able, pleasant speech; Mil. uses it also of the singing of birds (and the screaming of peacocks!) ysuh-spros, ysun- prd con- versation between persons of rank, or be- tween such and inferior people, ysun^i'db =ysun-mcog, also sacred writing, Holy Scrip- ture Chr. Pr. ysun-sog = bka-sog. STKKZT qSKXT y^-P' bsud-pa 1 . Sch. to be lost, to be dispersed. 2. W. to fill with food beyond satiety, to stuff, to cram. Bhar. 124 smdn-pa ysud stands for Ssk. f^wfaeRT ( Will.: spasmodic cholera), which elsewh. is rendered zas ma zu-ba; the meaning is prob. to overeat one's self. cn^T&T T sum t nree (cf.swm), ysum-Ka, ysum- y? ga the three, all the three ; ysum-pa the third; containing three; ysum-po the three; ysum also elliptically for dkon-mcog- ysum: ysum-la skydbs-su O don-ba to seek the protection of the Three Precious Do. ; bskdl- pa grdns-med(-pa} ysum three times in- numerable Kalpas (appeared) Dzl, Glr.; rgdn-mo ma smad ysum-po O di the old (woman) with her (two) sons, the three Dzl.; rgydl-po yab yum ysum the king and his (two) queens, the three Glr. ; rob Jbriii ysum the big, the middle (and the little one), the three. ysum-sprul emanation of the third degree, == nyin-sprul. ysur-ma a thing slightly burnt, .singed 6s., ysur-dn the smell of it. ysus-pa belly, stomach, ysus-pa sbos the belly is swollen or distended Lex.; ysus-ndd dropsy of the belly; ysus- rked the middle part of the body, the waist Sch.; ysus- pyan-po a deity. 590 ; yse-ba 'q' ysdn-ba yse-ba 1. v. se-ba. 2. v. ysed-pa. ^ yseg -brddr Sch. a file (instru- 1 ment), v. sag-ydar. j-seg-ma small stones; yscg-seb-can full of small stones. '' yseg-ysdn = mKar-ysil Lex. Sfc y ? eft * Seil L Cleft ' Chlnk ' crevice > fissure, leak, v. Kon-seh sub Kon extr.; sgo-ysen chink of a door Tar.; yse/t bsrub-pa Sch. to stop up, plug up, crevices etc.; ysens-pa leaky, cracked, full of fissures Sch. 2. harmonious, well-sounding. 3. rnd-ba ysen Sch.: a sharp, acute, quick ear, cf . ysdii-ba II, 2. " rsgc? several larger species of Lonicera. ysed-pa, also bsed-pa (pf. yses?} to pick, sort, assort, hair, wool; to pull or pluck in pieces. ^^W y*eb I. stallion, a male horse or camel. II. also seb, 1. the narrow interstices be- tween persons or things thronged together, hence with na, tu and &z, between, among, with nas from between, Kyi mii yseb-la mcon the dog leaps into the midst of the people, lo-maiyseb-tu^jog-pa to put between leaves, sprin-gyi yseb-nas lus pyed O fon half of his body protrudes from between the clouds, Arises above etc.; gron-yseb-tu bzugs-pa to sit among the villagers; Kyed-cag-gi yse'b- na Meu-dgdl byd-bai bud-med yod-dam? is there a woman among you named Meu- dgal? yseb-lam a secret path, by-way, be- tween rocks or underwood. 2. multitude, crowd, dmdg-yseb army, ndgs-yseb forest, en^ yser (Pera.j$ gold ; yser-gyi of gold, golden, yser-gyi me- tog n. of a me- dicinal herb. Comp. yser-skiid S.g. n. of an officinal herb. yser-skyems v. skyerm. yser-Ka a gold mine. yser-mMdr an imperial castle Wts. fser-glift Malacca Cs. yser- gyur- rtsi prob. much the same as: 'philosopher's stone' Pth. yser-fub n. of the second Bud- dha, Kanakamuni. yser-mdog gold-colour, yser-mdog-can n. of a monastery. yser-pa gold -searcher, gold -washer Gram.-, j'ser- pudn. of a medicinal herb, an emetic Med, yser- preii a gold chain. yser-bye gold- sand. yser-me = yser-gyi-me-tog Med. yser-ytso-ma, yser-btso-ma refined gold Glr.^ Pth. *ser-zan* W. gilt copper. yser- bzo-pa, yser-mgdr Cs. goldsmith. yser- yig-pa 'bearer of a gold-letter', ambassador, envoy Glr. yser-sog leaf-gold, gold-foil, foliated gold Sch. yser-srah one ounce of gold; a coin = 16 rupees, gold-mohur. yses? ran-yses reciprocal, mutual Wdh. )'so-ba pf. ysos, (b)sos (= O fso-ba) 1. to feed, nourish I)zl; to bring up, nurse up, rear, train, bu a child, dud- gro an animal; also ys6-skyon-ba,yso-skyd)i byed- pa. 2. to cure, nad,rma; to stop, remove, to put an end to, nal fatigue, i.e. to recruit one's self, to rest; to mend, to repair, Kyim a house Cs.; to restore, rebuild, re-establish, what had been destroyed, to kindle again, stir up again, a fire; zig- or sig-yso-ba id.; to refresh, recreate, sems, resp. fugs, the soul, i.e. to comfort, console. Comp. yso-mJcan restorer Glr. yso-fdbs way of curing, manner of healing Mcd. yso-ba-po physician Med. yso-bya the thing to be cured, the disease Med. ; yso-byed the healing substance, the remedy; the healing person, the physician. yso-sbyon-ba v. the following article. yso-fsul = yso-fdbs. yso-rig pharmacology. yso-sbyoii-ba, for nyes-pa yso-ba dan sdig-pa sbyon-ba to get quit of sin, by making confession to a priest and thus restoring the former state of virtuous- ness, to confess; also yso-sbyon len-pa, yso- sbyoti-la ynas-pa; such confession does not entail any penalties, but only a renewal of obligations, cf. Fouc. Gyatch. II, 16. s Lex.; Sch.: rag, tatter. f-pa 1. v. sog-pa II. 2. v.sob. yso/t-po sincere, ysoii-por smrd-ba to speak the truth. A. and Leo:.; usually ysdn-ba. ysod-pa 591 fadd-pa, pf. bsad, fut. (Lex. ysad, usually:) bsad, imp. sod, W. *sdd- i-e*, 1. to kill, slay, murder, slaughter, j-sdd- pa-la dgd-ba to delight in killing Dzl. ; bsad ma-fdg-pai sa, ysdr-du bsdd-pai sa v. ysdr- ba; ryydl-pos ysod-pa to be executed by the authority Dzl. ; (fse) bsdd-pa-la fug -nas when he was just on the point of being executed Dzl.; *pag jdb-te sdd-tan-ce* W. to assassinate ; bsdd-do\ bc6m-mo!l am lost! it is all over with me! Wdn. 2. to put out, extinguish frq. 3. fcijdd- ysod-pa to despise, v. Kyad extr. Comp. ysod-ycod the act of murdering, murder, slaughter, ysod-fcod-kyi ^jigs-pa fear of murder Mil.; ysod-ycod mdh-po byed he is murdering, slaughtering, a great deal. ysod-byed killer, murderer, ysod-byed rhdn- pa the murderous huntsman Lex.; ysod-bycd- kyi ynas slaughter-house Stg. fsod-sa place of execution Thgy. ysod-lugs way of killing, snar ma byas a new (way of killing) Tar. y son -p a I. A. vb., 1. intrs. to live, to be alive, yson-no he (she etc.) is alive, *de med-na mi son-be mi fub* with- out that a man cannot live W.; to remain alive, to save or preserve one's own \\te,rdzun- du smrds-na yson kyati though I could save my life by (telling) a falsehood Dzl. ; ysdn- par mi dod I do not wish to live (any longer) Dzl.-., of the fire: to burn, *da son-na* W. does it burn now? 2. trs. to wake, to rouse from sleep by shaking, to urge on, to hurry on (lazy people), by force, whereas skiil-ba is only done by words. B. sbst. life, yson-pai fse-na QY yson-pai dits-su during (my, your etc.) life, in lifetime, frq.; hence: yson-pa-nyid for tw^ John 1, 4 etc. Chr. P. C. adj. living, alive, frq. yson-po,co\. *yson- te*, kye-ma bu yson-po mfoh-no ah, there I see my son again alive! Stg.; yson-por />>/<'-< l-pa to call into life, to animate, yson- por dur-du Jjug-pa to bury alive Dzl., yson-pai rgyu-ma O drcn-pa to tear out the bowels of a living man; *son-te* W. also: healthy, whole, restored to health again, *kaii- pa, mig, me son-te co-ce* to cure a foot, an eye, to blow a fire into flame again; entire, whole, undivided, *son-tc Kyofi-na* am I to bring it entire (or cut into pieces etc.)? of the moon: full. yson-ma rarely for }-s6n-po, pug-ron yson-ma a live pigeon Pth.; fson-ysin both the living and the dead 6s.; yson bsregs a creature burnt alive, mi zig(-la) yson-bsregs byed-pa to burn a person alive Pth. II. vb., pf. bsan, fai.ysan, imp. yson Cs., prob. the original form of ysdn-pa to hear. III. cud-yson-pa v. cud. y s b~P a , P^ bsab, fut. ysab, 1. to fill out or up, to supply, complete, make up, Iwr-Kons a gap (?) Sch., to cure, wounds W., *sob-mdn* balm, ointment for wounds. 2. to pay, repay, return, skyin-pa a loan Sch., drin ysob-pa to return a kind- ness Glr. - ysor 1. v. sor I. 2. supine of yso- ba. j. ysorba to brandish, flourish, a staff 6s. ysol-ba I. vb., 1. = zu-ba 1, q.v.; rgydl-po-la srog-gi skyabs ysdl-to he besought the king to save his life Dzl. ; ston-pa-la smon-lam btdb-par ysol cig ask the teacher to say the prayers Dzl.', bstdn- du ysol I beg to explain, frq. ; lha ysol-ba to worship a god, by offerings, libations etc. Glr. and elsewh. Tibetans w r hen arriving on the top of a mountain -pass generally mutter the words : ysol-lo ysol-lo, prob. to express their thankfulness for having been preserved from harm so far, and to implore further protection. 2. resp. for gon-pa and skon-pa to put on : (sku-la) nd-bza, cos- gos, dbii-la fod, zdbs-la cag (to put on) a garment, clerical robes, cap, shoes Dzl., Glr.; slob-dpon-la ber-cen sku-la ysol-te putting the cloak on the teacher Ma. ; tor zd-ba, O fun-ba, also for O dren-pa, to eat, to drink, to offer a meal Dzl.-, rai/dl-po J>/-o 594 bslu-ba *ser-mo mdn-po ma kyod-da* IF. did you not feel very cold on your way? bser-mai nod resp. a catarrh, a cold Dzl. j-^ bsel(-ba), gen. lam-bsel convoy, safe-conduct, escort; Lex.: Jag- 6b-kyi kyel-ma (escort) against robbers; bsel-pa safeguard, guide, (lam-} bsel byed- pa to accompany and protect on the way, to escort. J" bsog-pa v. sag-pa. bsod-snyoms, fins^T, alms, gifts presented to clerical persons, bsod-snyoms-gyis O fso-ba to live on alms, on charity, bsod-snyoms byed-pa, sog-pa, ju ke'*, Hindoostanee, the language of the Hindoos. ^^ r his Pur.: *hiz yon* he is panting. K' hu ] . W. breath, *hu gydb-ce* to breathe. 22. num.: 89. hu-ka ^T horn-pa ' hu-ka, Ar. wii- the hookah, with an inflexible tube. SV^^T Itu-kum H 7 "., JL> Urdu, order, com- ^NS r^ mand. *m-i-an fun-can zig yin-pe hun nd-la)u/l* I have got the notion that this is a very quiet animal; *re-rei hun cil-tar se* whence have you such accurate information of every one of them? *ser-dub dil-te hun ma jun* he did not perceive it when the ring fell off; *hun-med-la* unexpectedly, unawares. aq- hub as in-uch as is swallowed at once, >fe a gulp, a draught, tog-mar hub re O fu/i zig at first take only one mouthful, one draught at a time Glr. ; hub ycig one mouth- ful, 1mb do two mouthfuls 6s.; hub-kyis by draughts Sch.; hub-hub byed-pa to drink in large draughts, to gulp. hur 1 . v. hu-i-e. 2. hur-hur v. had- had. hiii'-ba dexterity, cleverness, skilful- ness 6'., hur-fdg id., also zeal, dili- gence Sch.- In'ir-po i. quick, alert, dexterous, clever. 2. hot, hasty, passionate Ld. ; rta hur-po a fleet, spirited, fine horse t . s . ^W hus Cs. moisture, humidity, /n'ts-can wet. \b ^- he 1. num.: 119. 2. iuterj.: o! holla! ' Cs.; he-he 1. id. Cs. 2. = ha-ha, he-he zer bgdd-pas she laughed: he, he! Glr. 5Vy he-tu SsL cause, reason, argument, logic. he-bag provocation, taunts, sarcasms. T Ssk. he-icajra, [T*> ;* Tibet, kye-rdo- rje Cs.: n. of a god ; n. of a series of treatises. K-X -m* M-ru-ka terrifying deities, also Krag- ' O futt, Thar, frq., he-ru-kai rgyud legends of wrathful deities. Mg-po having become putrid, rancid. hel-ge Sch.: soft leather, wash-leather. hel-po, hel-can, *hel-W* W. wide, extended; of garments: wide, easy; hel-ba id. and sbst. : width Sch. o" ho num.: 149. ho - ma Ssk. prop. : burnt - offering of butter; = sbyin-sreg v. Was. (194); Sc/d. 251 ; ho-ma byed-pa to sacrifice; hom- Kun a small pit or a triangular box used as an altar for such an offering. "^~^f ho-ho interj. of admiration Cs. "fii^- hoii-len a medicinal herb, Picror- rhiza, frequently to be found on the mountains, Hook. I., 272. T hon-hon stupid, foolish Cs. hob-pa, W. : *hob-te dug* it has got bent in or battered, of tin war.-. horn (Mongol word?) a pad, placed under a camel's load. liom-pa W. to fall away, to lose flesh, e.g. of hollow cheeks, to shrink, to shrivel, of withered fruit. 598 s" hor lha i. hor 1. formerly: a Mongol ,hor jin-gin- ' Han the Mongol Djingiskhan; hor-ser Shara Sharaighol n. of a Mongol tribe Glr. ; hor-yul Mongolia. 2. at present: in C. the people living near the Tengri-nor (jnarn- mfso); in W. the Turks; hor-zla a Turkish month. Note. Cs. has only the second of these significations, Sch. only the first (the latter using 6Vs examples and changing all the Turks into Mongols !) The suppositions of Latham seem still less consistent with the real state of the case. hor-Jcoris Sch.: deficiencies, gaps; separation' ('?). hor- dra Sch.: 'confiscation, Mr- O dra bdbs-pa to confiscate' (?). $yr*rr hor-pa wood-grouse or cock of the wood Sch., hor-pa dkdr-po a species of hawk Sch. (?). ^'3)OJ" hol-Ml W. soft, loose, light, as the soil in spring, *hol tdn-ce, hol-U bor-ce* to break up, to loosen (the soil). hrdg-pa 1. vb., to require more and more, to covet incessantly Ma., W. 2. sbst., adj. hardness, hard Cs. hrdn-ba 1 . alone, cf. ran, **ran-xrd/'t- la yoh son* I came alone C., po-hrdn, mo-hrdn single man and woman, = po-rdn etc. C. 2. with dmar preceding, naked C. hrdd-pa 1. to thrust, to push violently, to stem firmly, *kdn-pa sig-pa-la* W. to stem the foot against the wall 2. to scratch, sgo-la pyag-hrdd-pa O ga mdzdd-pa (his Reverence) made several scratchings with his hand, scratched several times, at the door Mil. 3. to exert one's self, to make every effort W., *trdd-cdn zum-ce or tdn-ce* id. W. hrab-hrib C. *$rab-ba-srib-be* Ld., v. rab-rib. hrdl-ba to rend, tear up, tear to pieces e.g. of a beast of prey: to tear up a person's body; *sral son* he has torn it to pieces C., W, hral-hrdl Lex. S' hri Cs. : ( Ssk. essence, substance ; a mys- tical word'. sm* hrig W. *srig-la tdn-ce, $rig-ga tdn-ce* "^' to hang (a thief), **rig-la si-ce* to hang one's self. Sm-rj- hrig - pa Cs., mig (or resp. spyan) hrig -hrig byed-pa or O dug -pa, ( rig-rig}, to look this way and that, hither and thither Mil.nt.; hrig-ge-ba looking in that manner Thgr. ^^- hrid; S.g.\ rnd-ba hrid Jbyar is ex- "^ plained by Wdn.: rnd-ba Ihdg-pa pyogs-su byar the ear leans feebly on the neck, as a sign of death. ^ r ^~P 1- rounu > globular, hril-hril byed-pa to writhe with pain, hril- hril kar-kdr byed-pa to be writhing, and then again stretching one's self or starting up ft/i.. 2. whole, fse hril-por for the whole life Glr., mgo hril - yyis ytum - nas wrapping up his \vhole head Glr. 3. close, dense, hril O dus-te Q dug-pa to sit or stand close together in rows Mil,, 6'., W. Cf. ril-ba. ^, r ., hrud-pa adj. and abstract noun, ^> rough, rugged; severe, austere ; rough- ness etc.; hrud-po adj. id. Cs. h rum-pa to break, to smash Sch. Jirul-ba adj. and abstr. sbst. tattered; raggedness, hrul-bai dug- po a ragged coat Mil. ; hrul-po id., gos It rid - po Dzl. and elsewh. frq. 2. sbst. : rags, tatters, gos-su hrul-po gyon-pa to put on rags for a garment Pth.; hrul-Kau a ruin, ' ruins Sch. Mi-rj hrem-pa swollen Sch., lirem-me id. Mng. . nj. lha, Ssk. ^^. 1. the first class of beings ^ subjectto metempsychosis, the gods.both those of Brahminical mythology, and the various national and local gods, with whom Buddhism came in contact. These local gods were incorporated into the system of Bud- dhism, when they were found to be too numerous and too much endeared to the people, to be entirely discarded and given up; so, most of them are worshipped even nowadays and presented with various offer- ings. They are also supposed to enjoy a 599 lha blissful existence (hence : de-riti Ihd-yi nyi- ma sar 'this day was a day of happiness to me' Glr., and similar expressions are of frq. occurrence; v. also Iha-yuV) and to be possessed of qualities and capacities superior to those of ordinary human beings. Never- theless, when compared with any Buddhist saint, they are considered to be of inferior rank and power; and a local ( lha' can never attain to Buddhaship, without having pre- viously assumed the nature of man; \.Kopp. I, 122. 248. II, 296. lhai bu or sras, bu-mo or srds-mo descendant from the gods, son or daughter of the gods Dzl. and elsewh.; lha mi fob-pa to obtain the birth as a god or as man Thyy.; lhai yi-ge the Lantsa- letters, v. lan-tsa; lha Jbdb-pa the (mystical) entering of a deity into a huoian being, in- spiration, so that the person inspired pro- nounces the oracles of the god, lha zuy's-pa id. pop. ; also : the person thus inspired ; lha ni Kyab- jiig-la mos as for gods, they wor- shipped Vishnu Pth., lha md-mo-la byed they worshipped the Manio as a 'lha' Pth.; lhai dbdii-po, lha-bddy, = bryya-byin Indra; in another sense : lhai ryydl-po byed-pa to make the gods subject to one's self, (said to be the blessed consequence of a certain charm) Do.\ the following gods are occasionally mentioned : ndm - mkai lha the deity of heaven Tar.; that of the sea, Dzl. ; the gods of trees, of houses etc.; dgrd-lha and po-lha are two personal gods of every human in- dividual, the one being the god of the right side, the other of the left side of his body Glr., Mil. ; yi-dam-lha v. yi-dam. 2. the image of a god, in as much as it is really thought to be inhabited by a deity, after having been duly inaugurated (rdb-tuynds- pa) Glr.; the local 'Aa' are not always represented by figures resembling human beings, but even by sticks, stones and simi- lar fetishes; gods also of non-Buddhist na- tions are called 'lha' and are acknowledged as such. 3. fig. : mii lha a king Mil, and hence 'lha' is often used in addressing a king, like the French Sire! Iha-ryyal-yab- yutn the royal father and mother Pt/i.; Lhd- >/t Ilia the lord of lords, the supreme being, Buddha Cs. Comp. 1/ia-lMn an idol-shrine. llm-yii2Z.,in a similar sense : Iham- me lhan-ne lhan-ner bzugs-so Ptli.', clear, sonorous; h'yi-skad lhan-lhan-pa Mil. the clear (loud) barking of dogs; fcyod lhan-lhan glu-len-pa Mil thou clear-voiced songster; lhan-lhan brjod-la speaking with a clear, sonorous voice. Cs. has: majestic, glorious, sublime, august. rayr- lhad a baser substance mixed with a finer one, an alloy, lhad O jug-pa or sre- ba with la, Uidd-kyis sldd-pa with accus. M/.,to alloy, adulterate, Ihdd-can adulterated, e.g. milk 6'., lhad-med unadulterated, pure, genuine, real; *foig hie' sor* C. or *zug son* W. spurious words are admixed, falsehoods have been artfully introduced; pyis Ihdd- du bciig-pai fsig Tar. a later interpolation. 2. BaL, *ylad*, fatigued, exhausted. r^f' lhan together, Ihdn-gyis (when referring *9 i to the subject of the action), Ihdn-nas (as ablative case), Ihdn-du (the most frq. form) with one another, together, lhan-fcig (-tu~), and often Ihan-cig^-tu} id.: bdag dan Ihan-ycig zan mi zd-na if you will not eat together with me DzL, rta bcus Ihdn-du rgyugs-pa ltd-bui sgra a noise as if ten lhdn-pa lhuy-pa 601 horses were trotting together Glr.\ rtd-pa brgija dan Ihdn-du accompanied by a hund- red men on horseback Glr. ; llian(-cig)- skycs(-pa} born together with, e.g. the '//*' or ^dre' born together with every human being Mil.; llian-skyes nad, rma a heredi- tary disease or defect Med. lhan-rgyds 1. 'partner of the seal', i.e. a colleague using the same seal in official business (Ihan- rgyds-kyi fe-tse, or spyi-ddm}. 2. = Ihan- ycly, *hlen-gy fold, inclosure for sheep C., W.; also *hlt-ra*. 2. also lhes(-ma) braid; wicker-work; texture; also of pastry, twisted cake or bun, cracknel ( W. *zim-zag*\ also lhas-dog. lh as -bstdn n. of the birth-place of the mother of Buddha, Ssk. " Ihds-pa v. under sle-ba. lhas-byin, ^^TT, n. of a cousin of Buddha who, as the legends have it, was continually annoying Buddha by malicious artifices, whereby, however, the blameless character of the latter showed itself but the more conspicuously; hence proverbially used for any malicious character a. J/Att, cf. lins-pa\ Ihiu - skrdn Sch. : a tumor filled with matter, an abscess, Ihin-rtsa a full vein; Ihin cdd-pa Lt. } ace. to Sch. : completely separated. 04- llm part, portion of the body of an animal, >j =%zug, Ihu-fsigs bcu - ynyis Sch. : the 12 chief parts (of an animal) resulting from this way of dividing it, but elsewhere 18 such parts are mentioned; Ihii-ru ysil-ba to divide, to parcel out Mil.; share in plough- land, v. sub spyod-pa I, 2. SWT Ihug v. Idug-pa to pour Cs. Q a y_.^.. lhug-pa, Cs. : ( lhug-pa and Ihug -ma 5 ' prose ;lhuy-po wide, diffuse, luxurious, yos Ihug-lhug-po a very ample robe; Ihiuj- par amply, copiously, plentifully; lhi{(/-/>ar smra-ba to speak diffusely, copiously, to speak in prose'. Sch. adds: l lhuys successive, continuous; Ihugs-fsig and lhug-pa conti- nuous prose'. The principal meaning, how- ever, seems to be: uninterrupted, having no gaps; unreserved; ///i/f/-j>x<'l-]i ^- .s-/^/s- ysdh-med-par bsdd-pa to explain completely, without omitting any thing, *lug tdn-ce* Ld. to give unreservedly, without limitation; hence also: liberally, plentifully; tnci-ma 38* 602 lhun-ba Ihug-par sor or byun Mil., tears were flow- ing abundantly. In some other passages the meaning of Ihug-pa is not quite clear. ojr*n* Ihiin-ba, pf. of Itun-ba; limn Ihun >j> snydn - pai sgra sgrog - cih Jbdb - bo sweetly murmuring (the gentle stream) de- scends Mil. ojr'njgr- Ihuit-bzcd, Ssk. fTn^nn"% the alms- ' bowl of Buddha and of the mendi- cant friars. oj*. Ihun mass, bulk, Ihun-can massy, bulky; ' well-fed, *lun-fug-po* W., lhun-ce-ba very large; Ihun-fawu) yrub(-pd) ace. to Cs. : 'formed in mass, or all at once', self- created, not contrived by human labour; bgo- ba dan bzd-ba Ihun-gyis grub-pas clothes and "food coming forth of themselves Dzl.; also used of palaces, sacred buildings, images, though in such instances often only by way of compliment; Ihun-grub is also noun per- sonal. Ihun-po, ri-rab-lhun-po the moun- tain of the universe, Meru, Sumeru. frq. Ihun- stugSch., lliun-fug Thgy. very great, in refer- ence to the mental darkness produced by sin; prob. also: considerable, sublime, grand. tq*r Ihub-pa 1. sbst. width, Ihub-pa-can Cs., yan(s)-hlub, hlub-hlub W., C. wide, of clothes. 2. vb. : to bind, tie, fasten, e.g. ornaments to the ear Ts., = klub-pa. ojj^f Ihums, resp. for mhal the womb frq., >2> lhums-su ziigs-pai dus-mcod sacrifi- cial festival of the conception (of Buddha) Sch. ojx* Ihur, with len-pa or byed-pa c. ace. ^> to apply one's self to, bestow pains upon, don-ynyer byed-pa Dzl. and elsewh. $!pT Ihe-ba v. sle'-ba. a$r' llien Cs. 'filth or dross in the bowels, ' causing obstruction'; ace. to others: internal excrescences, v. skran', Sch.: llien or Ihen-snd pit of the heart. ojrr Iheb, dbugs llieb-llicb-tu O dug-pa Pth. ^ *'ug leb leb jhed - de* C. gasping for breath. rSjjr Ihem now, at present, directly, instantly C. ; all (of them) cf. lhams. ' S^'^T lhon-pa Ihes-ma Ihds-ma 2; also: the act of twisting, plaiting, *hle-ma fjydb- 2)a* C. to twist, to plait. rilio south, Iho-nub south-west, sar-lho south-east; Ihor, Iho -pynys-su to the south, towards the south; Iho-tfa prob. = ZAo; lho-Ka mon-nas ^ons Mil. they came from the Mon in the south; lho-pa, lho- brug-pa an inhabitant of Bhotan ; Iho-yul ace. to Cunn. the original form of the name of that pro- vince which is now called Llihul or La hoi by the Hindoos, and Lahoul by the English; Iho-bur Sch. (also Iho-^u-ma), = Kuy-rna. SraiTr lhdy-p a -> yl9~P a ^ s - ^ large ulcer or sore, Sch.: carbuncle, anthrax, sbydn- ba to cure it; in Med. also nya-lhog and gag-lhog are mentioned. According to the description, however, which Tibetan phy- sicians gave us of the lhog-pa, it seems to denote a cancerous ulcer, against which they employ the Aconitum ferox of Nepal, or in default of it some other species of aconite. o^r- Ihon Sch. vexation, anger, wrath (?); ^ but: 'Ihon sor he has lost the Ihon, is said of one who was not equal to the exer- tions of incessant meditation, and who in consequence has lost his senses, v. sub smyon-pa. ojr'r lhod-pa, glod-pa, lod-pa or -po, Ihod, *> ' lhod-po 1. loose, relaxed, unstrung, Slackened, yan-ldg of the limbs, e.g. when death approaches S.g., *zug-po Ud-po cd- na* W. when one gets tired (one cannot help yawning), lhod-pa sgrim-pa to tighten what is loose, Ihod Ihod ytoh-ba to slacken ; fig. *'6-ma Ud-po* W. the milk begins to fail, milk is scarce. 2. of the mind: easy, careless, unconcerned, lhod-de nyol cig sleep well! sleep soundly! Glr.; bio Ihod gyis-la sod relate the matter calmly, coolly J\hL; ses-pa Ihod-ciii in good spirits, of a cheer- ful temper Pth.; fobs sig yod-kyi rgyal-po fugs Ihod mdzod there is yet a help ; there- fore, o king, be of good cheer! Pth. lhon-pa, glon-pa to return, to give or pay back Cs. 603 w j 1- the consonant which is formed in the lowest and hindmost part of the or- gans of speech, being produced by the opening of the glottis, like the Greek spiritus lenis, the Hebrew Aleph and the Arabian Elif. (In our modern languages the opening of the glottis is not regarded as a consonant, nor expressed by a particular letter or sign.) Combined with the Tibetan vowel -signs, t% ift tfj, t& {}, it is pronounced 'a, \ N3 'u, V, 'o (cf. aj. It is also called skye-ba- mcd-pai yi-ge, probably because all speak- ing depends on and is rendered possible only by a previous opening of the glottis; hence this letter is a symbol of the deity, of the cos-sku that was before every thing else. Spyan-ras-zig, therefore, addresses a celestial Buddha with 'a: 'a skye-med rnam- ddy cos-kyi dbyihs. 2. num. : 30. ' a ( a ^) 1- * a Ld" anc * Kli. the col. demonstr. pron , for de that (q.v.); *'a-w*from thence, there,' d-ru there, thither, that way. 2. ZA, pronounced very short and sharp, well? what is the matter? yes! here! w- g 'a 6s.: 'Ssk. : ^f, a mystical exclama- tion'. acc - 160='-> Kh. " 'd-ka-ru Cs., v. 'd-ga-ru. 'a-ka-la Lt, Ssk. : untimely. rr^r* 'a-kro/t an alpine plant, in Lh. """"'" Roy lea. clamation expressive of contempt and detestation, opp. to 'd-la-la; ace. to 6s. 'a-Hag is also adj. = mi-sdug-pa. yy*ro* >a -Ku, W. also 'a-ku, col. for Kit-bo C 1. father's brother, uncle Mil, C., W. 2. husband, consort W. aloe-wood, agal- lochum, calambac. 'a-yy 1 ' 8 caressing word used by mothers soothingtheir babies, prob. without any particular signification Thgy. ankle-bone Lt. -^ M -^" inter J- cx - pressive of pain from cold, hence 'a-^u-zer-ba n. of one of the cold hells. 13T<5B* ' a ~^> ' a -ty Bal- 'a-se, col. for ce-ze 1. an elder sister of a female per- son. 2. W. wife, mistress, madam, used as address and otherwise. v 'a-)6 C., W., joyo C. (v.)o-bo') 1. an elder brother of a male person. 2. Sir, Mr., gentleman, lord, used in addressing and otherwise; also like our: friend! ho there! hollo! I say! 'a-yho lag C. the old Squire, = ga-gd Ld. ' a -ti-sa Ssk. , pul-du-byii/i-ba Tib., n. of a celebrated Pandit of Bengal, who lived for many years in Tibet, and died there in the eleventh century of our era. 'arti-ba beautiful, good Sch (?). PtU dogs Sch. table (?) TTT-^' 'a-don Sch.: 'without sexual distinc- ' ' tion; sense of the letter 'a'. j^r-j-r' 'a-dniit C. horse-boy, one tending %i horses. .,5... _.,-.. 'd-na(-na) an interjection ex- ' ' pressive of grief Sc/t. ' a - na ~ ma ~ na Sch- ' having a strik- ing likeness (?). 'd-nu Hindi man's name, also used in Tibet Glr. w.?. 'd-ne 1. = ne-nc-mo father's sister, ' aunt; grand-aunt Glr. 2. a.: nun. G04 d-pa 'd-ra 3. W. wife, partner, spouse, *'d-ne kur-ce* to take a wife, to marry, *(s)kyd-wo 'd-ne kur cog* a layman is at liberty to marry; *'d-ne-la co-ce* to treat, to use as a wife, sensu obsc. = to sleep with. 4. a woman, a female. 5. Sch. an old woman (?). J" 'd-pa 'd-pa. 'a-po U: building (= *Uar-lto? W.}, *'d-po gydb-pa* to construct a house, to build. 'd-praSch. zizel, earless marmot, souslik (Spermophilus citillus). 'd-pa, 'd-pa col. iorp'a, in B. of rare occurrence ; * 'd-pa cen-po* the elder, *cun-nu* the younger, of the husbands of a person's mother, hence occasionally = uncle; *'d-pe sa* W. a vulgar oath; also (like pa) uncastrated male animal, cf. pa. 'a-po-nd C. col. : I, cf. Ko-bo-nd. 'a-pyi Mil., *'a-p? } 'a-pi*, ior pyi-mo grandmother. T 'a-pyim old woman, goody, dame Sch. 'a-prc'ig Sch. : the bosom, of a gar- ment, 'a-prdg-tu sdu-ba to put into the bosom, = 'am-bdg. t^T^'^'y 'a-wa-dhu-ti v. dhu-ti. 3 .-.._. 'a-bau, for ban-po, the husband of the father's or the mother's sister Cs. 'a-bi-sa Ssk.: 'anti venomous', n. of a medicinal herb Wdn. 'a-bo 1. Sch. = 'a-jo. 2. a medi- cine S.g. 'a-bo-tseSch.: 'good, tolerable, mid- dling', cf. Bun.: eb-bo good. ._.._-. 'a-byag and 'a- bras names of me- ? ' dicines Med. 'd-ma col. and sometimes in B. = ma mother; *'d-me sa* a vulgar oath; 'd-ma drin-cen soaking addresses a wonder- working nun Pth. 'a-ma-gyis Cs. inter)., prob. simi- lar to a-gyis. 'a-mi-de-ba the usual Tibetan corruption of ^fJTrTW) v - <^~ dpag-med. .^. .... ' 'd-mra Ssk. the mango tree and -fruit Dzl. ^^c- 'a-mri-ta (SsL ^TTfiambrosia; also ^ ' various fruits etc.)* in the Lt. perh. the guava fruit, which in Hindoostani is now called amriit. ' a ~t sa (.- ma } inter), expressive of pain by touching hot objects Sch . ; also used in various other instances, when disagreeably surprised, startled etc. bdag ma grol-ba Q di 'd-tsa-ma alas! I am not yet released! T/tgr.; ' d-tsa-ma yi-dways snyiii re-rje alas! ye poor Yidags folk! Mil. 'a-tsa-ra Mil. a species of hob- goblins, or spectres; in C. a Ben- galee, ace. to Lew. The observations of Hue (II, 271) concerning this word seem to be mixed with some errors. 'a-tsarya, Ssk. ^TRT*T> spiritual guide or father, instructor, professor, doctor. ' a "^ a (~^ sa ) an inter), expressing discomfort occasioned by heat. 'a-mfsar Sch.: oh dear, what a wonder! 'd-dza-na Wdn., 'd-dzi-na Sty., ^rf^f Will: the hairy skin of a black antelope, which serves the religious student for a couch, seat, covering etc.; Tibetan writers use it for the animal itself: n-dwags 'd-dzi-nai pdgs-pa Stg. " ' a ~zdn 1. col. for zdn-po mother's brother, *' a-zan-fsd-wo* nephew. 'an address' (?). 'd-wa a medicinal herb S.g.? * 'fcwofto, 'd-barta(-na} Ssk. (' whirl, whirlpool, eddy') a disease of the rlun, q.v.; perh. dizziness? Med. ywQ^"* 'au-tsi 1. Sch.: it is of no conse- ^ quence, it does not matter. 2. n. of a plant = bya-po-tsi-tsi. ' a -y a - Zwa - f od dead-nettle Med. ' a 'y u V- (= tiu-yu) hornless, of cattle. 'd-ra beard Ts. 2. Cs. 'd-rd ' 'd-rd Hind, a saw. a ~ ra ~P a ~^ sa - na a mystical and symbolical word, IFas. (183) w-xcn' 'a-rdg, resp. bscs-rdg C., O don-rdg ' W., arrack, brandy, the usual bar- ley-brandy, which is distilled in the con- vents and in nearly every manor-house. - 'd-ru 1. prob. Ssk. a medicinal plant, Med. 2. v. '. 'a-m-m myrobalan, an astringent medicinal fruit Med. frq. 'a-rum a species of garlic, with a pale-red blossom, Allium strictum. '-/ an interj. the meaning of which is stated differently, Mil.] 'a-re pans well then! throw it away! 'a-rdg Sch.: = rogs-po, grogs, com- panion. mate, fellow, comrade. friend; 'a-rog-Kya or gya Sch.: 'a complimentary phrase or form of salutation'. '"~^ a (~^ a ) Mil., also '-/ id. interj. expressive of joyful sur- prise: aye, ah, that is capital! des-na } d- la-la well, that is excellent or splendid in- deed! Mil.', also adjectively : *de san di 'd- la-la* W. this is much better than that! '^'"^' the Tibetan vowels, 'd-li-kd-li the series of the vowels together with the consonants; 'a-pren id. 'a-li a little C. 'a-U-tiug-ta a swallow Cs. ' 'a-MA Sch. buckle, clasp (?). " VW/t a ring. *M apricot. 'a-so-^an. of a tree and of a king. 'a-sdm Sch.: a thick sauce or broth, soup; 'a-sbydr a thin broth. a-sru for sru-mo aunt Sch. 'a-ysdl-la adv. openly, manifest- ly, publicly, = mnon-st'tm-du. 605 'a-ha-hd interj. expressing joy, pleasure, satisfaction. 'a-ho-ye yea, nay even (?). bad C. , the'neem' of Anglo-Indians, an important re- medy for cutaneous diseases. ' a 9~^ m Gb'-i 'off-fsdm Sch., resp zal-fsom Pth., beard of the chin, chin-tuft. {! 'an 1. sbst. = O doms? 'ah-rta, 'dn-ras loin-cloth C 1 ., W.; 'ari-fu/i under-gar- ment, jarwv, (hence also to be used for shirt and shift); 'an-rdg trowsers, breeches l*th. 2. interj.: well then! now then! well! in French: eh lien! at the beginning of a speech also 'dn-ge, 'd/i-ke, 'dn-ki, Mil., with- out any regard to rank. ^"f '"''"#*' or 'a/t-kif SsL ^r^-, figure, ' number, cipher, also 'an-grans, 'ah- yig Cs. ; the last word, ace. to others, means secret characters, cryptography. 'an-gu-li Ssk. finger Do. 'an-rgar-Jig ace. to Lew. English, Hd. angrt>:i. 'an-ma-tsi Sch. flies, winged in- sects. 'an W. white chalk. Sch. : cervical ver- tebra. 'an-fdos C.: stocks, *'an-do-la Jug-pa* to put (a person) into the stocks. Bra-QJK' 'an- Q ddrC. I. board, plank, deal. ' ' 2. Icags-kyi 'an- ddr ('*. an iron instrument of torture; ace. to Thgy. a kind of press. 'andra-rnyi-la Lex., corrupted form for 'indra-nt-la. col. C. for ilia-incog, snam-brag ear; bosom. ' am ~^ an a Chinese resident, Clii- nese superior civil officer, in the chief cities and provincial towns of the tri- butary countries of China. 606 ''dr-ga, '/'-&, \'r-ka 1. Cs. marble. 2. plaster-floor made of pulverized marble and oil, also *'a-zdl.*' ywXTnV ' ar " # ow an offspring of parents ' not having the same rank, nor the same religion, and not belonging to the same nation Ld. l$3'&, 'o,-rgam Sck. : 'the offering of sacri- ' fices' ; Will. : ^| respectful offering to a god or Brahman. 'ar-dza-ka SsL, Sc/t.: cotton, 'r- dza-kai dog-pa Glr. cotton-capsule. (This signification is not to be found in our &>&.-dictionaries.) 'dr-la y tad-pa Sch.: 'to be reduced to extremities, to extreme misery' (?). 'al-ycig Sch. : 'the one half of a pair, e.g. one eye', = ya-ycig. *'dl-ta* (for da-lta)Bal. 1. now, at present 2. to-day. " ' a ^"j *al- tin-la kur-ce* W. to carry something bulky tied up in the girdle. 'alrtd, 'al-tse earthen kit- chen-pot Ld. * 'al-la v. 'a-la-la. 'asma - gar - Ma, Tar. : nor - bu asma-gar-bha Schf.: emerald. T^T- 'z 1. beer, = carl, C. 2. vulgar pro- nunciation of dbiji, *yi*, the lynx. 3. num.: 60. '*% V> ^ hiccough, sob, i-l!ug yoh-narag* I have got the hiccough, *'i-fcug gyab dug* he hiccoughs. "indrargo-pa, \*%ftn, cochineal; yet among the substances devot- *N ed to a costly Chodten it is mentioned as one of the five divine jewels Glr. 1. wdm'nz-la sapphire (Sch.: emer- id ?). 'u num.: 90. 'u-cug, with *c6-ce* W. to persuade, e.g. to buy something. 'u-dum-ba-ra (Ssk. Ficus c/lo- meratd) in Tibetan literature a fabulous lotos of immense size. ' u ~ ma S s k-> prob. also spelled dbu- ma, n. of the wife of Siwa (Durga, Kali etc.). 'u-fsugs Sch. = 'u-f&g. \i-rgydn 1. also 'odiyana Cs., (not mentioned in Ssk. dictionaries), often written in the abbreviated form &I<3L a fa- bulous country in the north-west of India (though Cs. supposes it to be Ujain), fre- quently represented as a kind of paradise. 2. now a noun personal of frq. occurrence; 'u-rgyan-padma v. padjna-Jbyun-ynds. -c6s n. of a remedy Med. ^'cr" 'un-gu oil-lamp C. 'ut-pa-la, 'ud-pa-la a blue lotos which is also used for medicinal purposes. Jn Lh. this name seems to be transferred to Pole- monium caerulcum. 'un-fug v. ^u-fug. 'um a kiss, *"um jor-ica or gydg-pa* to kiss C. I W 'ur-rgyd a warm meal-porridge ; fer- menting dough C. r" 'ur-rdo v. ur-rdo. 1 'ur-ba v. dbur-ba. l-^dg col. for ij*' 'e I. in 6'. and later literature, an in- terrogative, pronounced short, accented, and usually put immediately before the vb. or the pron. which stands in the place of the vb.: * de-mo e yo'*? do you feel well? are you well? are you getting on well? Kyed dan 'e Q prad mi ses I do not know whether I shall see you again Mil. ; ' Ssk- Tr^TT> 'e-la prd-mo Wdn. small cardamoms, seed of Electeria Cardamomum. 'en-tsam a little, some, a small bit, 'en-re quick, fast, speedy Sch. K 'en- ddr v. 'an- dar. 'ew-a, 'dm-ci (Turkish word) phy- sician W. 'er-ka C. v. 'dr-ka. 'o 1. for T^o a kiss, Ptli. 2. num.: 150. ^ 'o-dkdr W. = Ikog-dkor, v. lkog-ma. 'o-di-ydn v. 'u-rgydn. 'dndra, ^ft^ Odra, the northern part of Orissa, Wdk. '6-mo-su (Mongol word) stocking 6'. * '-ldoh, 'o-do/i, col. *V-o* Cs., wind- pipe; *Vfe* W. throat; *'o-le ddm-te si sou* he is suffocated. O^ffSf '"^ (Mongol word ?) /Sc/i. : the place where two rivers flow together, the confluence of two rivers. 'o-rgydn = 'u-rgydn Pth. 6m, Ssk. ^sfti^, mystical interjection, in S| later Hindooism the symbol of the Hindoo triad, in as much as it consists of the three sounds, a (Vishnu), u(Shiva), and m (Brah- ma). This interjection frequently occurs in the prayers of the northern Buddhists of Tibet, and especially in the famous 'six- syllable prayer', mpad-me hum, the literal version of which is: <0 thou jewel in the lotus, hum? The person addressed in these words is not Bud- dha, but Spyan-ras-yzigs (v. spy an) \ by some he is thought to be the author of them. Concerning the import of this short apo- strophy the best information is to be found Kopp. II, 59-61. The Tibetans them- selves are ignorant of the proper sense of these six syllables, if sense at all there be in them, and it is not unlikely that some shrewd priest invented this form of prayer, in order to furnish the common people with a formula or symbol, easily to be retained by the memory, and the frequent recital of which might satisfy their religious wants. And though there may be no obvious mean- ing in such exclamations or prayers, yet their efficacy is sure to be firmly believed in by a people, whose practical religion chiefly consists in the performance of cer- tain rites and ceremonies, in a devout ve- neration of their Lamas, combined with frequent oblations to them, in abstaining from gross sins (regarding even the killing of live animals as such), and in the Pra- dakshina (v. skor-ba 2). The numerous attempts that have been made to explain the Ommanipadmehum satisfactorily, and to discover a deeper sense or even a hidden wisdom in it, have proved more or less un- successful. The most simple and popular, but also the flattest of these explanations is derived from the purely extrinsic circum- stance, that the Sanskrit words of the prayer consist of six syllables, and accordingly it is suggested, that each of these syllables, when pronounced by a pious Buddhist, con- veys a blessing upon one of the 'six classes of beings 1 . The conjecture with which Kopp. closes his disquisition, is certainly ^l.' 'o- 'a-hum nothing but a smart thought of that learned author. , s used e. g. for transforming the mi- ytsdh-la bcu into bdud-rtsi, v. the expla- nation given under nan-mcod. .. 'o-fsugs Sch. : propping one's chin on both fists, 'o-fsugs mdzad Mil. i" 'og-rgyd beard ; 'og-fsum = 'ag-fsom. j. '6g-ma throat, neck, = lkocj-ma; 'og- zo a beautiful white neck, a 'milk- neck' Glr. ; 'og-sko prob. = 'os-sko Med. 'oh-gu a lamp, 'on-rds the wick of NJ a lamp 6'. BfariESr 'on-le W. resp. for 'a, at your ser- vice! at your commands ! ptarmigan Sch. 'om-mog throat and chest Sch. j- 'ol-ma C. throat, windpipe, = 'ol- ldon\ *'ol-ma ddm-te se'-pa* to strangle, throttle; 'ol-rko, 'ol-gon, 'ol-kron id., or ace. to others = 'ol-mdud the fore- part of the larynx. ^ 'os-sko, also *6-ku* C. the chin, resp. zal-ko. 'os-cos Ts. *(t-co* Pcdicularis llookeriana. ENGLISH-TIBETAN VOCABULARY, English-Tibetan Vocabulary. The figures, here and there attached to Tibetan words, refer to the page where the respective article is tc be found. The accent is marked only when, exceptionally, it rests on the last syllable of a word. A, An, article big 140. Abandon skyur-ba; spon-ba; Jjor-ba. Abate zi-ba. Abbot mKan-po. Abdomen cat, esp. shu-cdl. Ability nus-pa; rtsal. Ablative case Jbyun-Kuvs. Able mtfas-pa; to be Kyud-pa; Icogs-pa; nyan-pa; fub-pa; nus-pa; pod-pa; O fsugs- pa; ties-pa. A blution Krus. Abode mcis-bi'dn ; O dug-ynas; O dug-sa ; ynas (-fsan) ; yzi-ma. Abolish jig-pa; snub-pa. Abortion skyur-ma ; mn al rlugs-pa. Abounding rgyas-pa 109, mod-po, O dzom- po. About tsam-na, tsa-na; round v. pyogs 352; to be ca-ba 152; cas^pa. Above adv. steri-na', bla\ yan, yan-la 506; prep.A?a-wa, Ka-tni, Ka-la, fear M',gon-du; Itag-nas, ltag\ fog-tu. Abridge sdud-pa. Abridgment zin-bris. Abroad v. byes; to go byes-su O gro-ba. Abscess cu-bur; pol. Absolutely cis-kyan ; ga-na-med. Abstinence dge-ba ; fsod-ses-pa 452. Abundant tfrigs. Abuse s. (reviling words) skur-pa 23; vb.a. (to revile) skur O debs-pa (byed-pa\ smra- ba) ; dma O bab-pa ; smad-pa. Abyss btson-don; yyan-sa. Academy ytsug-lag-Kdn. Accept bzed-pa, bzes-pa; len-pa. Acceptable, to be O fad-pa. Access af/ro-sa; v. also yton-ba 208 and mjal-ba 173. Accident rkyen ; unfortunate - ^gal-rkyen ; fatal bar- cad', byur, byus. Accompany skyel-ba; zla-bo byed-pa. Accomplish v. gitib-pa; corn-pa; spyod- pa\ rtsom-pa. Accomplisned pul-tu byuh-ba 344. Accomplishment rtsal; yon-tan 516. Accord, Accordance O cam-pa. According to *nan-tar^ W. C.\ dan sbyar- nas; bzin-du. Account s. rtsis, lo-rgyus 113; ynas-tsul; on - of v. rkyen; ced-du; pyir; slad-du. Account vb. a. rtsis byed-pa ( O debs-pa, gyab-pd). Accountant rtsis-pa. Accumulate spuri-ba. Accurate zib-pa. Accusation, false snyad. Accuse O gel-ba; rgol-ba. Accustomed yoms-pa; O dris-pa; to be - O dris-pa. Ache vb. n. na-ba. Acid, Acidity skyur-ba. Acknowl edge tfas len-pa; frq. only snifa- ba, zer-ba etc. Aconite bon-na. Acquaintance (friend) no-ses. Acquainted, to be - bses-pa. Acquiesce Ko-fag ycod-pa; mi rgol-ba; dan-du len-pa. Acquitted, to be - rgyal-ba. Across pred, O pred. Act vb. byed-pa; spyod-pa; bgyid-pa; to -- the part of oyed-pa. Action spyod-pa; bya-ba; las; former actions snon-lds. Action (law-suit) 1,'rims, sags W. 51. Activity spyod-pa. 612 Actual Ancestor Actual nes-pa-can; no-rtog; ydn-dag-pa. Actually yzi-nas. Acute rno-ba. Adage Ka-dpe. Add snon-pa; sre-ba; rjes-su ^jug-pa; v. O god-pa. Addict, to one's self sten-pa. Adduce v, mf son-pa and dpe. Adequate ^rig-pa ; mfun-pa. Adhere Jbyor-ba, O byar-ba; ynas-pa. Adherent pyogs-pa; Q dzin-pa. Adieu v. pyi-pyag 347. Adibuddha kun-yzi 4. Adjust sbyor-ba; sgrig-pa; O yod-pa. Admit yton-ba; Fas len-pa. Admonish skul-ba. Admonition bskul-ba, bskul-ma; bslab-bya. Adolescent s. Jcyeu. Adore mos-pa. Adorn v. ^god-pa; sgron-pa; brgyan-pa; spra-ba. Adult s. ce-mi, nar son-pa 298. Adulterate slad-pa. Adulterer sar-po, adulteress sar-mo. Adultery, to commit v. jug-pa 177, byi byed-pa; yyem byed-pa. Advantage don ; bogs ; Jfyer-so ; rgyal-Ka, Ka-rgydl. Adversary pa-rol-po. Advice bka-yddms; Ka-bsgos; Ka-ta, Ka- yddms', gros\ ydams-pa; Q dun-ma\ man- nag; to ask bgro-ba. Advise y dam-pa, O dom-pa. Adviser bka-ydams-pa. Affair don, Affect bcos-pa 147. Affection cags-pa; byams-pa, byams-sems; brtse-ba. Affectionate brtse-ba-can. Affix sbyor-ba. Affliction sdug-pa\ mya-ndn; fser-ka W. Afore-said ma-ma. Afraid, to be skrdg-pa, dnaii-ba; ojigs- pa; bag fsa-ba; bred-pa. After adv. rgyab-tu; pyi 349; *.og; slad-na. After prep.^es, ^og; slad', rtin\ mfar; nas. After-birth sa-ma. Afterwards rjes-la, rjes-su\ rtin-du; de- nas\ pyin-cdd', pyis; pyi-bzin; slad-nas; star. Again ced-du', pyir\ slar\ yan; and Age na-fsod, na-so; dus. Aged r gad-pa; to be rga-ba. Agent oyed\-pa)-p6 } byed-mttan', fsab-po, resp. sku-fsab. Agressor sna-rgol. Agility byag-pa. Agio non-ka; par; O dza. Agitate dki*ug-pa; skyod-pa; skyom-pa; sgul-ba; to be agitated O gul-ba; O fcrug-pa. Agitation fcrag - O fcrugs. Ago snun-la; long sna-mo-nas. Agony ysin- pras; kon- Q Krugs; sems tfoti- du O fsud-pa. Agree ^rig-pa; O cam-pa; stun-pa; mfun- pa. Agreeable dga-ba ; yid-du ^on-ba. Agreement Ka-cdd, resp. zal-cdd; gan- rgyd; cad, cad-so; Q cam-pa; bzan. Agriculture so-ndm(s}. Ague fsad-pai ndd; fsan-zug W. Aims. O gro-sa 102; O ben. A i m vb. zir-ba ; \. ytod-pa no. 3. Air (atmospheric air) nd-ra; nad; rho't: cold nad. Air (tune) mgur, glu, dbyans. Air (mien) no, yclon. Alabaster Ka-ma-ru\ fod-le-kor. Alas kye-ma. Alienism Q gron. Alight Jbab-pa, resp. ysol-ba. Alive yson-po. All kun; v. gan; fams-cdd; mfd-dag, fsad; yons; right! fsan-^rig; seeing kun- yzigs; uniting kun- dus; not at - tsam yan mi (ma) ; ye mi (ma). Allegory O dra-dpe. Allow ynan-ba; to be ed cog-pa, mit-ba. Almanac lo-fo. Almighty kun-dban. Almond ba-ddm. Alms Idom-bu; slon-mo; bsod-snyoms. Alone ycig, ycig-ycig, ycig-pu, yci,g-po. Along with zor-la. Alphabet ka-pren, ka-Kd; ka-li 2. Alpine pastures neu-ysin; ne-fan C. Also yan 505. Altar mcod-stegs, mcod-Kri. Alter sgyur-ba; spo-ba. Alteration ^yur-ba. Although yan 505. Altogether kun, yons-su. Alum k'a-ru-fsa; Ice-myaii-fsd. Always rgyun-du; rtag-tu; nam-yan. Amalgam gyim-bdg. Ambassador po-nya. Amber spos-sel. Ambitious grogs -pa-la cogs -pa; mfon- dod-can. Ambush v. (lkog-} )ab. Amendment zu-ddg, zus-ddg. Among nan, nan-na 301; las 546- Amusement yyen-rtsed. Analogy v. dpe. Anasarca pags-cu. Anatomy lus-kyi ynas-lugs. Ancestor pa-mes, mes-po; brgyud. Ancient Assiduous 613 Ancient sria-ba; ly sna-sor; snon-dus. And dan 248; v. also tin 140. Angel po-nya 345. Anger fcro-ba; Kon-l ; ro; Jcon-pa; sro, resp. fugs-sro W.; ze-sdan. Angle yrira 75; gru. Angry Kro-ba, Kro-bo, tiro-mo; to be Kro- ba; sdan-ba. Angular zul-ma. Animal s. dud- gro; srog-cdgs. Animated being srog-cdgs; sems-can. Animosity Jean. Annals lo-rgyus; of the kings rgyal-rdbs. Annihilate med-par byed-pa; to be anni- hilated med-par O gyur-ba. Annotation mcan-bu. Announce Ion sgyur-ba; sbron-pa; prin smra-ba; ses-par byed-pa. Annoy Jcan-ba; snog-pa; sun jug-pa. Annually lo-ltar, lo danlo. Anoint skud-pa; bsgo-ba; Jbyug-pa. Another bdag-mtd; yzan-ma. Answer vb. Ian O debs-pa. Ant gre-mog-Jbu; grog-ma. Antagonist O fab-ya; pa-rol-pa (or po). Antelope dgo-ba; the Tibetan ytsod, btsod, ytso. Antidote ynyen-po. Antipathy zen-log. Antiquity sna-dus, sna-ba', snon-fse, s/.on- dus, snon-rabs. Anus rkub', yzari, yzan-Ka\ bsan-ldm. Anxiety *tfog-fug*; col. nyams-na. Anxious (sems) Kou-du cud -pa; v. also bag-fsa. Any v. gan 65; one gan zig; thing ci zig, ci-yan; whatever can. Apathy btan-snyoms; byar-med. Aperture sgo\ bu-ga. Apostle mi-snd. Apothecary's shop sman-Kan. Apparition snan-ba; zal-yzigs. Appear O car-ba\ ston-pa; snan-ba; O byun- ba; yod-par Q gyur-ba. Appearance Kyer-so, ca-bydd, ca-luys; cas; snan-fsul. Appease zi-bar byed-pa. Appendix fca-skon. Appertain ytogs-pa. Appetite /cam; daii-ga. Apple ku-su; sli; of the eye spyan-Jbras. Application Jbad-pa; brtson-^i^us. Apply bkan-pa; to one's self brtson-pa. Appoint skul-ba; sko-ba; O gcl-ba; O col-ba; Jug-pa. Apprehend ycags-pa\ dogs-pa. Apprentice mcan-bu. Ap proach vb. lead-pa; nye-ba; bsnyen-pa. Approach s. O gro-sa. Approve bed*pQ- Appurtenance ryyu-cd: s skor. Apricot Kam-bu] cu-li, co-li; dried cii- li C., pa-tin W.; mna-ris Kam-bu C. Apron dun-Kebs, pan-Kcbs. Aqueduct yur-ba. Arch yzu, yzu^mo. Archer O p'on-mfcan; y O pon. Architect rtsig-dpon. Archives yig-fsdn. A rea \.dkyil-Jfar; tfyon,raya-Icy6n; cu-zen. Argali ynyan. Argue bgro-ba, rtsod-pa. Argument mnon-rtdgs; rtags. Arise skye-ba; /cor-ba; Krun-ba; cags-pa; Idan-ba. Arm lag(-pa), resp. pyag. Armful lag-kod; v. also pan. Armour go-tfrdb; go-ca. Armpit mcan-Kun. Arms mfson, mfson-ca, O fab-grabs. Army dpun; dmag; dmag-dft ///'/. Aroma nad. Aromatic nod-can. Arrange sgng-pa; Jog-pa; y tan-la O bebs- 2>a205. Arrangement grabs; rgyu; ynas-lugs. Arrive sleb-pa; O byon-pa; Jbyor-ba. Arrogance ria-'t'gyal; po-so. Arrow mda. Arsenal go-Udn. Arsenic ba-bla. Art sgyu-^rtsdl; bzo. Artery rtsa-dkdr; rlu/'t-rtsi-r)<'n. Bark s.pags-pa; sun-pa; of a species of willow sgro-ba; - of the birch-tree gro-ga. Bark Bice 615 Bark vb. n. zug-pa. Barley nas; so-ba; boiled glum; corn nas. Barm pabs; sban-cu. Barter vb. rje-ba; sdeb-pa. Base s. y:i; rman. Bashful no-bab-pa\ dzem-bag-can. Bashfulness Krel. Basin ka-to-ra; zi-lin-pan-tse. Basis O gram-yzi; ma-yzi. Basket pe-ra; tse-po; y zed-ma', a small of reed bag-tse. Bat (animal) pa-icdn. Bath /cms. Bathe O tfru-ba, Jcrud-pa. Battle yyul, O fab-mo. Bawling adj. ca-co-can. Bay (gulf) Kug; cu-kug; mfso-ldg. Bay-coloured smug-po. Bayonet san-gin W, Bazar krom. Be yin-pa, resp. lags-pa; yod-pa; O dug-pa; mcis-pa; mna-ba ; ynas-pa; there is, there are O dug; mcis. Beadle (in a monastery) dge-bskos; dge- yyog. Beam (timber) ydun-ma; of light yzer; ^od-yzer. Bear vb. a. (to bring forth) btsa-ba; skyed- pa; (to carry) Jcur-ba, Jcyer-ba; teg-pa, Jogs-pa; (to suffer) yzod-pa, fub-pa. Bear s , brown - dom; yellow dredv&i; the Great Bear smin-bdun. Beard rgya-bo; sma-ra; 'ag-fsom\ of corn gra-ma. Beast dud- < ffro\ of burden Kal-ma; - of prey ycan-zdn. Beat rgyab-pa\ rdun-ba; rdegs-pa; O pam- par byed-pa- to the drum skrog-pa; to - the gong, the cymbal v. Jcrol-ba\ to be beaten O pam-pa. Beautiful mdzes-pa\ bzan-ba; legs-pa; sdug-pa\ dya-ba; bde-ba; appearance or colour bkrag; mdans; form mam- Because v. kyi 6; pas 323. Beckon lag-brdd byed-pa. Become skye-ba; O gyur-ba; ca-ba W. Becoming (comely), to be ^os-pa. Bed mcis-mdl; nyal-Kri. Bed (garden) fsas-kan. Bedding mal-gos, mal-cd; yzim-cd. Bedfellow mal-grogs, resp. yzim-grogs. Bedstead mal-tcri; mcis-mdl. Bee bun-ba; sbran-ma. Beer can\ carousal cai>-sa; house can- Kan. Beetle sbur-pa. Befool mgo skw-ba. Before adv. sria-ma, sna-gon 135; sway, sftun 136; s/kw, stlon-t/// 1:17 : (Ji-n/i-du 263; mdun-du 273. Beforehand v. s/to; taan, .s//^// 1 : to be sna-ba. Beg zu-ba; ysol-ba. Beget bso-ba ; skyed-pa. Beggar spran - po ; Idom -bu-ba; boy spran-prug. Begin vb. n. cas-pa; jug-pa; mgo O dzug- pa- to to exist skye-ba; vb.a. rtsom-pa; O dzugs-pa. Beginner las-dan-po-pa. Beginning s. mgo, mgo-ma; ^go-ma; si/o- mo; snon-ma; fog-ma; and end (head and tail) mgo-mjug. Begotten cad-pa; to be cays-pa. Behalf v. don no. 3, 259. Behave O grul-ba. Behaviour rnam-^yur ; spyod-pa. Behead ske y cod-pa. Behind adv. rtin; pa-rol-na 338; p>/i, }'.'/'<: prep, ^gab; v. rgyab 107. Behold interj. kye-ho 7. Being s. O gro-ba; lus-can, sems-can. Belch s. syreg-pa; vb.n. sgreg-pa O don-pa. Believe vb. n. dad-pa 249; vb. a. yid (fugs or bden) ces-pa. Bell dril; metal mKar-ba, Kar-ba; - wether Kyu-mcog. Bellows sbud-pa. Belly grod-pa; Ito-ba, ysus-pa. Belong ytogs-pa; miia-ba; belonging to- gether fe-m/can W. Beloved y ces-pa; mon-za-can. Below adv. ma 408; man-cdd, man -cod; prep, ^og 501. Bench gral. Bend vb.a. kuy-kug byed-pa\ skyil-ba; \ r,/i/til-ba. Between bar-la, de-bar; yscb-na, yseb-la; from - bar-nas. Beverage sky ems; btun-ba 244. Beyond pa-rol-na; pan- cad. B ho tan O brug-pa. Bice, blue sno-shyd. 616 Bid Branch Bid sgo-ba; Jug-pa', O dom-pa. Bier Kyogs; dgu-Kri. Big cen-po; with child sems-can dan Idan-pct', with young sbrum-pa. Bigness Ko-ldg. Bile m/cris-pa. Billet of wood mgal-pa; sw-dum. Billow cu-ri, cu-rlabs; dba-klon. Bind O ci)i-ba; O dogs-pa; sdom-pa; Kyig-pa. Biped rkan-ynyis-pa. Birch- tree stag-pa. Bird by a', dab-cdgs', little mcil-pa. Birdcage bya-tfdn. Birdsnest bya-fsdh. Birth v. skye-ba28; high skye-bamfo-ba; low skye-ba dma-ba. Birthplace skye-ynds. Bishop do-dam-pa 257 . Bison (Indian) glan-to. Bit (small piece) /cam, Kam-fsdd\ cag-dum; brul. Bit (of a bridle) srab-lcdgs. Bitch tfyi-mo. Bite vb. rmug-pa; O ca-ba. Bitter Ka, Ka-po, Ka-ba 36. Bittern cu-skyar. Bitumen brag-zun. Black adj. nag-po. Black s. (centre of a target) rtags. Blacksmith Icags-mgdr. Bladder (urinary) Igan-pa. Blade (of grass) jag-ma; sog-ma. Blade (of a sword) Ice. Blame vb. a. spyo-ba; smad-pa, smod-pa. Blame s. klan-ka. Blank adj. ston-pa. Blanket grum-tse', tsa-dat", ca-ra 152; sa- pos Ld. Blasphemy skur-pa. Blast vb. y cog-pa. Blaze s. mdons. B leat Q ba-ba. Bleed ytar-ba, rtsa y cod-pa. Bless sno-ba. Blessed skal-lddn', bde- gro; )y art-can. Blessing s. byin, byin-rlubs ; bkra-sis ; bsno- 6a; pan-y6n\ yyan\ rgyan 107- Blind mdons-pa; zar-ba, mig-zdr\ lon-ba. B lister s. (pustule ) cu - sgai> ; cu - bur-, (plaster) Jibs-sman. Blister vb. )ibs-pa\ jibs-sman Jug-pa. Blood Krag ; - y /crag-can. Blooming bkra-ba. Blossom vb. Jbar-ba. Blot out O pyid-pa', sel-ba. Blow vb. O bud-pa. Blow s. Icag. Blue snon-po, srio-bo; deep siio-nag] pale sno-skyd; sno-sans] sky mfin. Bluff s. gad-pa. Blunt rtul-po\ vb. also Ka IV. no. 5- Blushing (the act of) rio-fsa. Board s. span-leb; sin-leb\ giegs; sgo-rndm\ of a door sgo-glegs^ of a ship zur. Boast vb. rlom-pa. Boasting s. /ca-fso, Ka-po; yus. Boat gi'u. Boatman gru-pa; ko-mk'an; mnyan-pa. Bodily dnos-su', m/ion-sum-du; zal-dnos. Body lus; yzugs\ sku; linen gos-ldg. Boil s. (ulcer) cu-bur\ sa-bur W. Boil vb. a. skol-ba', to down sgor-ba\ vb. n. Jtol-ba; to . over lud-pa. Boiling adj. /col-pa, /col-ma. Boldness no-mig\ rtul-pod-pa. Bolster swas; ydan. Bolt s. bur\ v. also yya and si-ri. Bolt vb. a. yya rgyab-pa\ si-ri cug-ce W. Bond O dzin; zin-bris. Bonds bcin-ba, bcins-pa; O cin-ba. Bone yduh\ rus-pa\ s of fish gra-tna. Book dpe\ gleys-bdm', po-ti. Books (literature) cos; book-language cos- skad. Bookstand dpe-Kn. Boot lham; leather half- boot krad-pa 8. Border s. gru\ mfa-ma; sna; mu\ mfsams. Bore vb. rtol-ba; Jbigs-pa. Born cad-pa\ to be skye-ba', btsa-ba\ J?ruh-ba, kruns-pa; ltams-pa. Borough gron-fso. Borrow skyi-ba; bmyan-pa; yyar-ba. Bosom snam-brdg', pan-kebs. Botch vb. glan-pa. Both ynyis. Bottle bum-pa. Bottom ytin\ mfil; zabs. Bough yal-ga. Bound vb. n. O par-ba. Boundary mfsams, sa-mfsams. Bow vb. Jlud-pa\ *skycd kug taii-ce* 16 W. Bow s. (compliment) pya; gor-ma-cdg; no-rtog; a one ycig-cig. Certainly ydon-mi-za-bar. ( j e r t a i n t y ties-pa ; faff- cod. Ceylon lan-ka. Chaff spun-pa, sbun-pa; sbur-ma. Chain s. Ic ays -fdg; nyag-fdy. Chair fcri; rgya-Kri C. Chairman tfri-pa. Chalk fo-le dkar-po. Chamber nan,] Kan-mig. Champion gyad. Chance s. rgyu 110- Change s. ^gyur-ba; res. Change vb. a sgyur-ba; r)e-ba; spo-ba; rdzu-ba; to place O po-ba; vb. n. ^gyur- ba; O po-ba. Chant vb. dgyer-ba. Chap vb. ^gas-pa. Chapter leu. Character (disposition) rgyud; nan; tio- bo-nyid; fsul; rig-rgyud; *se-gy{t* C. 562. Characteristic s. rgyu-mfsdn in. Charge vb. sko-ba; rgol-ba; mtiag-pa; to with (to commission) O gel-ba'. Charge s. (commission) Hag. Charity snyin-rje. Charming dga-ba ; yid-du ^.on-ba. Chase vb. O cor-ba. Chase s. Kyi-ra. Chasm s. rgya-ser. Chastisement cad-pa; fuL Chastity Krel-yod ; fsans-par spyod-pa. Chat vb. juur }'ton-ba; lab yton-ba. Chattering s. co-lo. Cheap tfye-mo W.; rin cun-ba. Cheat vb. bio brid-pa; slu-ba; yyo-zol byed- pa; mao skor-ba. Cheek ^ram-pa; bone O gram-rus\ - tooth O gram-so. Cheer vb. glod-pa\ spro-ba skyed-pa; dga- bar byed-pa. Cheerful Kml-po; dga-mo; sems-bde, blo- bde. Cheese fud; ^o-fud. Chess-board mig-m an ; to play at chess mig-man rtse-ba. Chest (box) gau; sgam; sgrom\ (thorax) bran, resp. sku-brdn. Chew Idad-pa. Chicken bya-prug. Chief adj. dpon; ytso; justice krims- dpon. Chief s. O go-pa; dpon-po; ytso-bo; Kyu- mcog. Chiefly ytso-bor, ytso-cer. Child pru-gu; byis-pa; bu\ v. tfyeu. Children bu-p/'ug; of the same parents (brothers, sisters) Chill s. kyi-bun. Chin ko-ko; ma-lc. China rgya-ndg; rgya-yul; modern name: ma-ha-ci-na, ma-hd-cin; clay /cam-pa; ware kar-yol; dkar-ydl; resp. zal-kar C.; sol-kar W. Chinese s. rgya-nag-pa, rgya-bo; fern. rgya-nag-ma, rgya-mo; rgya-mi; plur. rgya-rnams. Chinese adj. rgyai, rgya-nag-gi, lan- guage rgya-skdd; paper rgya-s<'>a; jug^pa II, 2. Constraint gal. Construct bco-ba ; v. O ca-ba ; jtos-pa ; yton- ba; O god-pa; rtsig-pa. Construction (grammatical) (sig sgrig- pa. Consult bka-bgro-ba. Consultation gros-gUh; O dun-ma. Consume cud yzon-pa\ zin jug-pa', to be 622 Consumption Cream consumed ca-ba; cad-pa ; O fsar-ba ; Q dzad- pa; zin-pa. Consumption ycon. Contain v. son-ba; to be contained ^gro- ba; v. O dug-pa no. 2. Contamination grib. Contemplate sgom-pa. Contemplation sgom; fin-ne- dzin. Contempt rnan-cen; bmyas-pa; smad-pa. Contend (fight) Jcrug-pa; rtsod-pa; (to strive) O gran-pa. Content adj. cog ses-pa; fsim-pa; to be mgu-ba; to heart's yid bzin-du. Contention O gran-sems; O dzin-mo. Contentment snyin-fsim . Contest s. fob-sd. Continent glin. Continually rgyun-du; car, ca-re; ytan- du. Continuation O pro. Continue O pro-ba. Contract vb. a. skum-pa; vb. n. Jcor~ba. Contract s. gan-rgyd; cad-yig; O dzin,yig- O dzin. Contradiction, to be in - O gal-ba. Contrary s. bzlog, go-bzlog ; go-ldog, go-log. Contrivance grabs. Convent s. cos-sde; sde; dgon-pa. Convention Ka-cdd. Conversation glen-brjod. Converse vb. glen-ba\ glen-mo byed-pa', gros-byed bgro-ba. Convert vb. cos-su ^jug-pa. Convey skya-ba; skyed-pa\ skyd-ba\ J>ur- ba. Convoy s. skyel-ma. Cook vb. O fsod-pa. Cook s. gyos-mKan-, head - ysol-dpon, ma-cen. Cool gran-ba', bsil-ba. Cooly (carrier) /cur-pa; (workinan)^/a-pa. Coot skyegs. Copious rgy as-pa. Copper zans. Copulation O k fig-pa ; cogs -spyod. Copy vb. su-ba. Copy s. (transcript) bkod-pa\ bu-dpe- (pat- tern) ma, ma-dpe. Coral byi-ru. Cord s. rgyud', sgrogs; fa-gu', O pi'en-ba. Cordial s. bcud. Core Kog-sin. Coriander seed ^su. Cork ka-ycod, Ka- Q dig. Corn (grain) J>ru', boiled can; slightly roasted yos', stack of rags, pub-rags; hi-^ri; corn on a toe rkan-mdzub-dzer-pa. Corner Kug; gru; grwa', zur. Corporal bcu-dpon. Corpse ro, resp. spur. Correct adj. skyon-med; nw-med\ to be O gng-pa. Correct vb. sgyur-ba; zu-dag byed-pa. Correction zu-ddg, zus-ddy. Correspond (to be adequate) ^rig-pa. Correspondent (in business) t 'son-grogs. Corrupt vb. a. slad-pa. Corruptness kun-dkris . Costly gus-po, rin-can. Cottage fcan-bu; Ku-tu. Cotton ras-bal, srin-bal, sin-bal; cloth (ka-si-kai) ras. Couch s. fcri; nyal-Jcri; mat. Cough s. glo: Kogs\ bro- Q fsdl\ vb. Kogs-pa. Council gros, gros-glen; O dun-ma. Counsel s. gros\ bka-yddms; O dun-ma. Counselor bka-ysags. Count vb. bgran-ba\ O dren-pa: rtsi-ba; ys&r-ba; si kor-ce W. Countenance ydon; bzin; /lo: skye-sgo: sgo-lo. Counteract ^gal-ba. Counterfeit adj. rdzus-ma. Counterparty pa-rol Counting s. rtsis. Country yul, yul- K6r, yul-gru; sa-cd; rgyal-Mg; love of yul-sred; yul-hi ^dod-pa. Couple s. zun\ married bza-mi. Courage snyih-stobs, snyin-rus\ spobs-pa. Courageous ham-pa-can; dpa-ba, dpa- can. Courier rta-zam-pa. Course s. fsir. Court s. (residence of a prince) Kab; - of justice bka-ysags\ Krims-Kan. Courtyard Kyams; fsoms, fsoms-skor. Cove Kug. Covenant s. Ka-cdd. Cover \b. tfeb-pa; ^ebs-pa; klub-pa; O fum- pa. Cover, Covering s. Ka-Kebs, Ka-gab, //a- ycod, Ka-leb: Kebs, tfyebs, fcebs-ma; go-sog; turns; yyogs; subs; covering for the head mgo-yyogs. Cowry ^gron-bu. Crab sdig-srin. Crack vb. a. ycog-pa; vb. n. O gas-pa. Crack s. sguh. Craft (cunning) dku-lto. Crafty yo-ba. Cram sgrim-pa. Crane (bird) Krun-K-run. Crash s. sgun. Crave rnab-pa. Craw Ikog-sog. Crawfish sdig-srin. Crawl gog-pa ; O pye-ba . Cream spri-ma, spris-ma, sris-wa: ji-*/'/: zo-sri. Create Darken 623 Create ^god-pa. Creator ^god-pa-po; mdzad-po. Creature bkod-pa', ^gro-ba, lus-can. Credible ^os-pa. Creditor bun-bddg. Creed cos-rgyud, cos-lugs. Creek Kug } Hugs. Creep O pye-ba, gog-pa. Crescent s. zla-fses Ita-bui ri-mo or dbyibs. Crest (of fowl) cod-pan. Crevice yseti, sen. Cricket (insect) cog-cog-pa W. Crime nyes-pa; nons-pa. Cripple za-bo. Crippled Rons-Ran W.- Koii-ril C.; grum- pa. Criticise Jbigs-pa. Crocodile kum-bi-ra . Crooked kug; kum-pa, kon; kyog-po; kons; /yog-po; dgur; to be - dgye-ba. Crop vb. ytog-pa. Crop s. lo-tog. Cross s. brkyah-sin; sku-ru~ka. Cross vb. y cod-pa; rgal-ba. Crouch cum-pa. Croup, he has the Koi Ikog-ma skraiis son (his throat is swollen). Crow s. fca-ta; po-rog. Crow-bar gal-ta; Icags-ber. Crowd s. tirod-pa; Krom; yseb. Crowd vb. a. bcar-ba C 1 ., bcer-ba W. Crown s. cod-pan', of the head spyi-bo; Crown vb. a. cod-pan-gyis brgyan-pa; v. also fog ^gel-ba. Crucible kon-po W. ; zu-skyogs C. Cruel ynyan-pa\ drag-ml-can. Crumb cag-dum; brul\ bir-bir W. Crumble vb. a. gi*ug-pa\ vb. n. gog-pa. Crupper sgal-pa', rmed. Crush glem-pa\ rdzi-ba. Cry vb. n. ^rags-pa, ^grogs-pa. Cry s. na-ro; skad, skad-nan; ca-cd', for help ^o-dod. Crystal man-set, sel Cubit Kiii 51. Cuckoo Ku-byug\ kug-se W. Cucumber ka-'ka-rd/t Kun. Cultivate 6oc?-pa; cultivated land khiiis. Cunning s. dku-lto. Cup ko-re, kor; koii-po', tin\ p'or-pa; bearer ysol-dpon. Cupboard J-a. Cupning-glass me-biim, me-piiit. Curd 20, resp. ysol-zo. Cure vb. ycod-p^a', bcos-pa; O fso-ba; yso-ba. Curious (inquisitive) snob-zog-can. Curl s. (of hair) ral-pa. Curled tsa-ru W. Currant nyan-ka Sp.\ 'mb-soW.; (raisins) ba-so Ld., ba-so-ka C. Current s. rgyun; cu-rgyim. Current adj., to be - (of coins) O f>>-ul-ba, rgyug-pa. Curse s. nan; dmod-pa. Curse vb.a. nan O debs-pa ; dmod-pa O bor-ba. Curtain yol-ba. Curve s. gye-gu. Curve vb. a. kug-kug byed-wa; ^urn-pa', curved Hyog-po\ kyag-kyog\V.\ to be curv- ing dgye-b'a. Cushion snas; stan; O bol, snye- Q bol; sob- stdn. Custom (use) Krims; cos; sro/; (toll) so- gdm. Cut vb. a. ycod-pa', jog-pa\ dra-ba', (to mow) rna-ba\ to into pieces sgral-ba; Q fub-pa; v. O cad-pa; to off grum-pa- O breg-pa, O dreg-pa\ v. cod-pa; v. cad-pa; to open O ges-pa; to out v. ycar-ba 143; to up ytubs-pa; dmyal-ba. Cut s. Kram-ka; (blow) Icag; a short *gyog-ldm*. Cylinder Kor-lo 58; praying - cos-kyi Jior-lo. Cylindrical ril-ba; to be O gril-ba. Cymbal sbug-zdl; sbum-zol W.; sil-snydn. Cypress spa-ma Sik. Daily adv. nyin-re-bzin{-du); zag-dahzag. Dalai Lama ta-lai bla-ma. Dam s. cu-rays] cu-lon. Dam up vb. skyil-ba. Damage s. sky on; gud, gun; god; nyes-pa; ynod-pa; vb. a. ynod-pa. Damp adj. rlan-can. Dance vb. O cam-pa; bro-brdun-ba or Krab- pa; s. gar; bro. Dancer gar-mKan. Dandelion Kur-ma, k : ur-fsod. Dandy O pyor-dga. Danger nyen. Dangerous ma-nui-l pa-can; btsog-pa W. Daring adj. I'tul- pod-pa; spobs-pa-can; dpa-can, dpa-bo. Dark ^.sgnb-pa; mun-pa;smag; to grow O tibs-pa; O grib-pa. Darken vb. a. sgnb-pa; vb. n. Q gnb-pa. 624 Darkness Depository Darkness mun-pa; smag-rum. Darling, my! naiyid^on; cf.also pa. Darn tur-ba; snol-ba. Dart s. mda; vb. n. Jcyug-pa 60. Date s. (time) zag-grdns; (fruit) Ka-zur. Daub vb. skud-pa. Daughter bu-mo, bo-mo; sras-mo; in- law mna-ma. Dawn s. skya-6d, skya-rens; fo-rdns; vb. it dawns skya-rens sar. Day nyi-ma; nyin-mo; zag; and night nyin-mfsdn; by - zag dan zag; all the long nyin-fse-re; every zag-dan W. ; from - to zag-nas zag-tu; one ,some deu-re; the other de-zag 471 W.; this five days dgus. Day-break nam-lans; at nam-lans-te or nas. Dazzle vb. n. fom-par O gyur-ba. Dazzling /crol-po; Icam-me-ba. Dead adj. v. si-ba; a man ysin-po; ro. Deaf ^on-pa. Deal with vb. spyod-pa. Deal s., a good ga-cen. Dear ycig; yces-pa; dkon-pa; gus-po; rin- fan-can, rin-can- to hold yce-ba. Dearth zas-dkon C. Death O ci-ba\ forebodings of O ci-ltas; hour of O da-ga\ to seek Iceb-pa. Debate s. rtsod-pa; vb. bgro glen byed-pa. Debt bu-lon\ the is cleared bu-lon Kor. Debtor bu-lon-pa. Decapitate ske ycod-pa. Decay s. ^ig-pa. Decay vb. nyil-ba; O for-ba\ nvb-pa. Decayed Kogs-pa. Deceased ysin-po. Deceit mgo-skdr; no-lkog\ rdzub; zog, zol- zog. Deceitful Ice-ynyis-pa. Deceive mgo skor-ba\ mod-pa- bio Jbrid- pa, J>rid-pa\ slu-ba. Deceived Krul-pa. Decency Krel-yod. Decent ^gab-pa. Deception sgyu-zog. Decide y cod-pa; fag-y cod-pa. Decided zad\ \. dzad-pa; to be cad-pa. Declare bsad-pa. Declination (of the sun) v. bgrod-pa; north byan-bgrod, south Iho-bgrod. Decline (decay) vb. n. rgud-pa. Declivity gud\ n yzar-po, brag yzar-po. Decoction fan-gi sman. Decorate sgron-pa; brgyan-pa; spra-ba. Decoration rgyan. Decrease vb. ^gyur-ba\ O grih-pa\ O bri-ba. Decree s. bka-$og, bka-Krims*, fcra-ma. Decrepit Jcogs-pa. Dedicate sno-ba. Deed las; bya-ba. Deep adj. ytin-rin-ba; zab-pa; (of sounds) rom-po W. Deer ka-sa Sik Deface dma Jbebs-pa. Defeat vb. O pam-par byed-pa. Defect s. skyon. Defective skyon-can. Defence skyabs. Defend skyon-ba; skyob-pa. Defender (of religion) cos-skydn. Defer v. O gyan-ba. Deficient sgob-sgdb. Defile s. ron. Defile vb. bsgo-ba; O bag-pa. Defilement grib. Deform vb. mi sdug-par byed-pa. Degenerate adj. brgyud-med; rigs-nydms. Degree (rank) f em-pa, f em-rim; sa no. 2; go, go-pan; a high v. rlabs; by degrees tfad-kyis; mfar-gyis; rim-gyis, rim -pa bzin du Dejected zum-pa; mi dga-ba, v. dga-ba III; dman-pa. Delay s. bsol-ba. Delay vb., to be delayed O gyan-ba. Delegate vb. a. mnag-pa. Delegate s. fsab-po, resp. sku-fsdb. Deliberate vb. bka-bgro-ba, bgro-ba. Deliberation grabs, O dun-ma, O dun-gros. Delight s. dga-ba; dga-spro, dga-fsor, dga- rdns, dga-mgu; to take in dga-ba, resp. dgyes-pa or mnyes-pa ; spro-ba. Delighted dga-mo, dga-ba, dga-rans; to be dga-ba. Delightful dga-mo, dga-fsor ce-ba. Delineation bkod-pa; ris, ri-mo. Deliver (rescue) sgrol-ba; (transfer)sp/-od- pa; ytod-pa; skur-ba. Deliverance (liberation) grol-ba. Deliverer skyabs-mgon; srog-skyob W. Dell grog-po. Delude mgo skor-ba. Deluge s. cu-rud. Delusion snan-Jcrul. Delusive kun-rdzdb; O fcrul-snan-can. Demand vb. O dod-pa. Demeanour spyod-lam. Demon bgegs; ^gon-po. Den fsan. Denomination cos-lugs. Dense stugs-po; O fttg-po. Density ska-sldd. Depart cos-pa; bzud-pa; (deviate) ". Disapprove O dor-ba; mi ynan-ba. Disciple grwa-pa; nye-ynas; slob-Jni/ts. Discontented skyo-mo ; mi dga-ba. Discontinue ycod-pa. Discord dby en-pa; sel. Discouraged no Jbab-pa. Discourse s. gfak-brfwlj glen-mo; Ida-git. Discuss bgro-ba. Disdain s. rnan-cen. Disease s. nad; na-ba; snyun; chronic ycn/'f.; fatal - O ci-ndd. Disfigured gya-ba. 40 626 sgrace Drink Disgrace s. rkan- dren, zabs- dren. Disgrace vb. a. dma- bebs-pa. Disguise s. O bag; rdzu-ba. Disguise vb. a. ^ebs-pa; v. cas 156- Disgust s. skyo-sds; Krel; rnam-rtog. Dish ka-to-ra; sder-ma; spags; skyu-rum W. Disheartened skyo-mo. Dishonour vb. smad-pa; dma Jbebs-pa. Disk kyir-kyir; dkyil-Jlor; Q Kor-lo; sgor- mo. Dislocated, to be J>rul-ba. Dismay s. zum-pa. Dismiss bka Q grol-ba; ^gyed-pa; yton-ba; O don-pa. Disorder s. Krug-pa; skyon; J,'ral- /crul. Dispatch vb. rdzon-ba; zlog-pa; yton-ba, mnag-pa. Dispel zlog-pa. Dispense vb. (deal out) O brim-pa. Disperse vb - a. O gye-ba, O gyed-pa ; ycor-ba ; vb. n. O byer-ba; yan ca-ce W. Display vb. O grems-pa; ycal-ba. Disposition s. (character) rgyud; nan', nan-rgyud; ran-bzin; ysis. Disputation rtsod-pa. Dispute vb. n. rgol-ba; rtsod-pa. Dispute s. Ka-mcu, rtsod-pa, O dzin-mo. Dissatisfaction mi-dga-bai sems. Dissatisfied mi-dga-ba; also Jcon-pa. Dissect Jbyed-pa. Dissension Jcon-po; nafi-sel, sel; dbyen-pa. Dissertation rgyud, mdo. Dissimilarity /cyad-par; mi- dra-ba. Dissolute O col-pa; to be mi fsans-par spyod-pa. Dissolve vb. a. ojiff-pa', to be dissolved fim-pa. Dissuade sgyur-ba-, zlog-pa. Distance rgyan-ma; nye-rin; fag\ pa- fsad, pa-zdd Distant fag-i*in(-mo). Distend rkyon-ba. Distinct lcrol-po; cod-po; wa-le, wal-le-ba. Distinction Kyad; dbye-ba. Distinguish rnam(-par) bzag(-pa). Distinguished O pags-pa] Ky ad-par-can, Distorted ca-cus; to be Jirul-ba. Distress s. sdug-bsnal, mya-nan, dka-las. Distribute bgod-pa\ O brim-pa; v. O gyed- pa. District yul-Kdg\ yul-ljom; yul-sde; Kul\ sde. Disturb dkrug-pa; yyeiis-par byed-pa; bar-du y cod-pa; to be disturbed Jcrug-pa. Disturber bstan-sig. Ditch cu-^obs; ^obs. Diverse sna-fsogs; sna-so-so. Diversity bye-ba: mi O dra-ba. Divert sgyur-ba; rtse-ba\ zlog-pa. Divide bgod-pa: rj gyed-pa; J)yed-pa\ O ges- pa; to be divided O yye-ba. Dividend bgo-byd. Divine s. cos-pa. Division dbye-ba; bye-brag ; Kyad, fcyad- par\ cu-fsdni mam-pa; fcag. Divisor bgod-byed. Dizzy, I am mgo Jcor. Do byed-pa; spyod-pa', eleg. bgyid-pa: resp. mdzad-pa\ that will *dig-pa yin* C.\ des cog. Doctrine cos; bstan-pa. Dog Kyi, male Kyi-po, fern. Kyi-mo \ mad Icyi smyon-pa; kennel /V//-/Y//;. ////- pul. Doll mm. Domain /cams: Kul\ dban-ris. Domicile mcis-brdn. Dominion /cams 39; v. rgyal- kams ios: nan', mna; cab-^dg; dbait-ris: sri'gyad\ eighteenth cu-bryy ad- pa; eighty brgyad-cu; eightieth brgyad- cu-pa. Either or yah-na yan-na. Eject skrod-pa; O dor-ba. Elapse O da-oa. Elbow gru-mo, gri'-mo ; dre-bo. Elder adj. ce-ba, cen-po ; brother jo-bo; fu-bo. Elder s. rgad-po. Election ydam-ka. Electuary Ide-gu. Element Jbywirba; ham*. Elephant ylan, glah~po-ce, glah-c&n. Elevate sgro- dogs-pnr-/>ti; seit-ba. Eleven bcu-ycig; eleventh bcu-ycig-pa. Elk Ka-sdsa-ba. Eloquence Ka-sbyaii. Eloquent nag-dbdir, Icu-sbyait-po; Ka- sugs-can W. Elsewhere )zan-du. 628 Emanate Exact Emanate O pro-ba. Emanation sprul-ba 336- Emboss pur-ba. Embrace vb. Jcyud-pa; Kril-ba; O dzin- pa; Kyab-pa. Emerald ma-rgdd, Emerge Jbyun-ba. Emetic skyua-smdn. Eminent kyad-par-can; pun-sum-fsogs- pa; rgyal-ba; pul-tu byiin-ba. Emit O byin-pa. Emmet gre-mog-bu W. ; grog-ma. Empale y sal-sin- la skyon-pa. Emperor rgyal-po cen-po. Empire /Jaws; yul-Kdms; rgyal-Tfdg. Employ skyel-ba; spyod-pa; to be ed or busy brel-ba. Empty ston-pa; to make stons-pa. Emulate O gran-pa. Emulation ^ran-sems. Enabled, to be Kom-pa 44. Encampment sgar; dmag-sgdr. Enchanter ^on-po; enchantress ^gon-ba- mo. Encircle shor-ba. Enclose skor-ba. Enclosure skor-ba' ra-ba. Encompass J?yigs-pa; Jcyud-pa; skor-ba. End s. mjug; mfa, mfa-ma; pug; }'zug; towards or at the mfa-ru, mfar; to be at an rdzogs-pa, zin-pa. Endeavour \\>.rtsol-ba; Ihur len-pa; don- du ynyer-ba; s. O yrus-pa. Endless mfa-yds; mfa-med. Enemy dyra, dgra-bo; pa-rol-po; O fse-ba. Energy sugs. Engagement (promise) cad ; sdom-pa ; v . also las, brel-ba. Engrave rko-ba. Enjoin skul-ba. Enjoy Ions spyod-pa; one's self rtse-ba. Enjoyment lons-spyod; nyams-myon. Enlarge rgyas-pa\ O pel-ba; dar-ba; upon spro-ba. Enough fsad; cog-pa; to be Kyed-pa; O grig-pa. Ensnare dkri-ba. Enter vb. a. jug-pa; O fsugs-pa; O fsud-pa; vb. n. cud-pa. Entertainment mgron; v. also rticod-ston. Entire tsan-ma; ril-ba; son-te W. Entity no-bo-nyid 129 ; cos-nyid 164. Entrails rgyu-ma, nan-Urol. Entrance (vestibule) sgo-Kdn. Entrust O col-ba: y tod-pa, ynyer-lca f tad- pa. Enumerate sgran-ba, bsgran-ba; O dren-pa. Enumeration mam-grdtis. Envelope yi-gei subs. Envious prag-dog-can; v. also ce-r6. Envoy po-nya. Envy s. p'rag-dog; mig-ser. Envy vb. prag-pa. Epidemy nms(-nad); nan- rim*. Epilepsy Kyab-jug; yza-ndd;yza-pog-pa. Epistle yi-ge. Epitaph dur-byan. Equal mnyam-pa; snyoms-po 201; Q dra-ba; mfsuns-pa. Equality mnyam-pa-nyid; O dra-mi- dra. Equanimity snyonis-pa ; btan-snyoms. Equivalent s. dod; fsab. Eradicate rtsad-nas ycod-pa. Erect adj. kye-re; Kron-ne. Erect vb. a. sgreii-ba; Q dzugs-pa; bzeii-ba. Err K'yar-ba; O fcnil-ba; ^gol-ba; nor-ba. Error O gal-sa; Jcrul-so, Jcrul-yzi. Eructation skyug-lddd; sgreg-pa. Escape vb. O cor-ba; O bud-pa. Escort s. sky el-ma; bsel(-ba), lam-bsel. Escort vb. rdzon O debs-pa. Especially tcyad-par-du. Essence no-bo-nyid 129; bt-ud (quintes- sence) 147. Establish ^god-pa. Estafet rta-zam-pa. Esteem s. pu-dud; rtsis; ya-sa. Esteem vb. a. bkur-ba; yces-par byi>(>,"). Evening nub ; nub-mo ; dgons. Evenness nyam-pa-nyid. Event rkyen; dnos-po; at all events t' : dpe-brjdd. Excavate ycoit-ba ; sbuy-pa. Excavation sbugs; soil. Excellence dn os-yrub ; ce-ba . Excellent rgyal ba; Kyad-par-can; yces- pa; pun-fsoys; O f jays-pa. Except prep, ma y toys-par; min, min-par. Exchange s. (agio) par. Excite sloh-ba, dkroy-pa. Exclaim Jbod-pa. Exclusively /co-na. Excrement rki/ag-pa; rtuy-pa; dri-nia. Excrescence Iba-ba; mdzer-pa; O dzer-pa. Execrate nan O debs-pa; mnan-pa; dmod- pa Jbor-ba. Exercise s. (bodily) spyod-lam 335; of religion cos-spyod. Exercise vb. a. sbyoh-ba ; lay-tu len-pa. Exert one's self O bad~pa. Exertion Jbad-pa; brtson-pa; don-ynyer; dka-ba. Exhausted nyams-fay-pa; to be (con- sumed) Q dzad-pa\ zin-pa; (tired) O cad- pa', 'iial- cad-pa, fafi- cad-pa. Exhort skul-ba', skul-cay byed-pa; bslab- bya byed-pa, or ston-pa, or btan-ba. Exhortation bskul-ba, bskul-ma\ snyin- ytam\ luh, lun-bstdn] bslab-bya, farewell Ka-cems. Exile vb. a. ynas-nas dyar-ba. Exist cf. O duy-pa\ yod-pa\ skye-ba. Existence skye-ba ; srii I -pa . Exorcise dam-la O doys-pa. Expanse Uon\ tfa-ztn. Expect syuy-pa. Expedient adj. pan- doys-pa, pan-f<>- pa. Extend rkyoh-ba', bsnar-ba. Extension %<>. Extraction (descent) rigs. Extremity (end) mfa-ma, zur. Eye s. mig, resp. spyan; brow m' lash rdzi-ma; miy-ysoy, rt-s|> ysoy; --lid miy-pdy C. W. Fable s. syruiis. Fabricate vb. a. O cos-pa; bco-ba; byed-pa; bzo-ba; to be fabricated gmb-pa. Face s. ydo/'i; no; Ka\ skye-syo; syo-lo; bzin; in the of IM-I'U, Kar. Face vb. (to be directed towards) ston-pa. Fail vb. (to miss) mi Kes-pa C.; mi- febs- pa W.; (to err) O gol-ba; (to dwindle) yol- ba. Faint adj. nyams-cun; to get ycon-ba. Faint vb. n. b)-yyal-ba; O kam-pa. Fair adj. mdzes-pa; mfsar-ba; bzan-ba. Faith dad-pa. Faithful dad-pa; ydeiis-pa; slu-med; yyo- s<>$- pa; sentiment lta-l<'>/>: rd:iui. Fame gr ays-pa. Family bryyud; yduii\ />u-xinti'u; rdziits, yzins. Ferry- man gru-pa; cu-} y ay-pa ; mnyan- pa. Festival dus-cen. Fetter vb. a. sbrel-ba; Jtyiy-pa; O cih-ba. Fetters s. syroys; Icays, Icags-sgrog; bci/is- pa. Fever fsad-pai ndd C.; fsan-zug W. Few nyun-itu; a few ^ga, O ya tsam; nyuu- nu zig; cig 140; la-Id C. Fib s. sob, ysob. Fibre rgyus-pa. Fickle yyi-na; ya-ma-brla; O gyur-ldoy; skad yciy kyaii mi fsugs-pa. Fickleness O gyur-ldog, ldog- gyur. Fictitious bcos-pa; dmigs-pa-nas bzos-pa. Fidget vb. O par-ba. Field ziit; kluns; - terrace da/t-tse W. Fife glih-bu. Fifth liia-pa; fifteen bco-lna; fifteenth bco- l//a-pa; fifty Ina-bcu; fiftieth liia-bcu-pa. Fight s. O fab-mo. Fight \\).&..gyed-pa; ryol-ba; O fab-pa; O fab- mo byed-pa; vb. n. Hruy-pa; O gra?i-pa; ryol-ba; rtsod-pa; O dzin-ba. Figure s. dhjil-Kor; skye-yzuys; b/>od-jxi; rnam-^yyur; dbyibs; yzugs; bzo, ~<>: //'- mo; ris. Figured (variegated) ci-tra W. File s. (tool) Icags-bdar; sed. File vb. (to string) ryyud-pa; star-ba. Fill vb. Kyab-pa; ^yeiis-pa. Filter s. f say-ma; vb. a O fsag-pa. Filth dri-ma; mi-ytsan-ba 433; yrib. Find fob-pa; rnyed-pa; Hug-pa. Fine adj. (beautiful) mdzes-pa; sdug-pa; mfsar-ba; (not coarse) zib-pa; lag-mo W.; (thin) srab-pa. Fine s. (penalty) rgyal, ston. Finger ser-mo, sor-mo, resp. -}>yag-x '>/; mdzub-mo, mdzuy-gu; ring ser-ydub, sor-ydub. Finish vb. sgrub-pa; to be finished c - pa; fsar-ba; rdzogs-pa; O dzad-pa; zin-pa. Fir fau-siit; som, ysom, som-xiit. Fire s. me; brand gal-me; fly ^.od-jn-o- O bu W.; place fab, me -fab; tongs me-len. Firm (solid) mfcran; mfcregs-pa; sra-ba; (trodden) cay -can 167; (tigbt) fatl-po, dam-po; (sure)btsan; ties-pa; (steady) v. Firmness Fort 631 Firmness (of mind) snyih-rus. First daii-po; ma-ma; mgo-ma; - born mgo-bu; s/lon-skt/es; part stod 223; adv (at first) mgo-ma W.; sna-sor, sna-gon; snar; ycig-tu; fog-mar. Firstfruits pud. Firstly dan-por. Fish s. nya; bone nya-grd. Fish vb. nya rnon-pa; nya.ysor-ba. Fishing-hook mcil-pa. Fishing-net nya-rgya, nya- dol. Fissure rgya-ser; ser-ka. Fi st Ku-fsur. Fit vb. a. v. sgrig-pa 120; to out som-pa ; to be O f ad-pa', run-ba. Five Ina. Fix vb. a. ^god-pa; sbyor-ba; a time dus byed-pa. Flabby kyom. Flag s. da'i", staff dar-po-ce. . Flageolet glin-bu Flame s. Ice, me-lce. Flannel fei'-ma. Flap s. gos sgdb. Flash vb. Jlyug-pa. Flat adj. leb-mo; mnyam-pa. Flatten vb. a. gleb-pa. Flatter stod-pa; mol-lce btan-ba W. Flatterer no stod-fcan. Flattery ycam-bu. Flatulence pyen; ^og-rlun. Flavour s. bro-ba', ro. Flaw s. so-re W. Flea Kyi-sig; ^ji-ba. Flee Jbros-pa. Fleece s. bal-rgydb. Flesh sa; - fly sa-sbrdn. Flexible kyom; mny en-pa. Fling vb. rgyab-pa; rgyag-pa C.; dbyug- pa G'.; O pen-pa\ skyiw-ba\ O bor-ba. Flint Icag-rdo; Icags-mag. Float vb. n. Idin-ba. Flock s. /cyu, Kyu-bo. Flog Icag-gis yzu-ba, v. also skar-ba. Flood s. cu-log. Floor s. yzi-ma\ (bottom) mfil 240; sen W.\ 'an- Q dar 6'.; ground ^og-Kah. Flour s. pye ; zib. Flourish vb. bde-ba\ O fsen-ba. Flourish s. (in writing) ri-mo kyag-kyog. Flow vb. Jbab-pa\ s. rgyun 112. Flower s. me-tog; bed rka', garden sdum-ra. Fluid s. h'u-ba. Flute pred-glin. Flutter s. k s rag-Krug 49. Fly vb. Q pur-ba\ to up O par-ba .",;")(;. Fly s. sbran-ma. Foal rteu\ of an ass gu-i'ug. Foam s. Ibu-ba, dbu-ba. and j>o. Fodder s. cag. Foe dgra, dgra-bn; /i pyir I, 2: zan. Fool s. glen-pa', blun-pa, blun-po. Foolish glen-pa\ blun-pa; blo-med. Foot rkan pa, resp. zabs; bridge dem- tsi Lh ; - path rkan -lam; O pran, lam- O pran\ race ban; ring rkan-ydub; - soldier rkan- fan-pa; stool rkuii- stegs; of a hill rtsa-ba; on foot rkatl- fan-du or la. Footprint, Footstep rkait-rji'x. For don-du; v. pyogs 352; forty days zag bzi-bcui bar-du, zag bzi-bcii fug W. Forbear vb. a. ^gyod-mi rmo-ba 98. Forbid O gegs-pa ; mi ynan-ba. Force s. mfu; dban; nar-ba; cd-dbdit W. Force vb. dban-med-du O col-ba; v. also nan-gyis; sed-Kyer-nag-pos W. Ford vb rgal-ba. Fore, arm lag-ndr; finger mdzub-mo ; part, side nar, Ka, mdun nos. Foregoing snon-gro; sna-ma. Forehead fod-pa; dpral-ba. Foreign yan-pa ; yzan-ma ; pyii ; country byes. Forenoon sna-fog; sna-dro. Foreskin sgo - pur ; mdun - Ipags , Q dom- Ipags. Forest nags(-ma\ nags-yseb; nags-fsal, nags-Krod; fsal. Forget rjed-pa ; yi-ycod-pa, resp. fu }jin-cad. Heresy cos-log. Heritage nor-skal. Hermit dgon-pa-pa; bdag-bsrun. Hermitage dgon-pa, ynas. Hero Kyo-ga. Heron kan-ka\ skyar-mo. Hesitation fsam-fsum. H CW O yy-p a ) o^ so 9~P a: > v - a ' so cleave. Hiccough s. skyig-bu\ 'i-Jcug, 'ig W.] vb. to skyig-pa. Hide s. ko-ba, ko-lpags, pags-pa or -po. Hide vb. a. skun-ba, sbed-pa; to one's self cgab-pa, yib-pa, ysan-ba. Hiding-place bskuns-sa. High mfo-ba, mfon-po" and low drag- zdn 261; road, way rgya-ldm; ma- lam W. Hill ri\ v. sgah. Hilt kab-za, Icibs, yu-ba. Hinder vb. a. O gegs-pa, ^Kegs-pa ; to be - ed togs-pa. .Hind -foot rkan-pa. Hind-part mjug. Hindrance gegs, bgegs, bar- cod. Hinge s. sgo- K6r. Hip s. (joint) sta-zur, dpyi', (fruit) sib-si- lu-lu Ld. Hire s. rnan-pa, vb. to yyar-ba. History lo-rgyus, byuti-fsul. Hit vb. a. tfes-pa, rgyab-pa, fug-pa, O pog- pa, O febs-pa W. Hit s. Icag 148. Hither fsur\ to sna-cad. Hive s. fsan. Hoangho rma-cu. Hoarfrost ba-mo. Hoarse nar-nar-po, O dzer-po; to be O dzer-ba ; ras-pa Ld. Hoarseness skad-gdgs. Hoe vb.^a. rko-ba. Hog s. pay. Hoist vb. a. O pyar-ba. Hold vb. a. can-ba, snom-pa, O dzin-pa; to forth O dzed-pa ; to - out (suffice) Jfyed- pa; vb. n. rten-pa 213. Hold s. rten', to take - of Ju-ba. [413. Hole s. Kun, bi-gdn, bi-ydnW., bn--->'a-ze mi mt 'suns-pa. I pron. na, ned, ned-ran 128, nos 130, bdag- nyid 268; I myself na-ran, ned-ran. Ice dar, cab-brom, gans, Kyags-pa. Icicle tfyags-sdon. I dea O du-ses; dmigs-pa. Identic mi-ynyis-pa 192. Idiocrasy nan 125. Idle adj. le-lo-can; kyan-kyoii W. If na 299, gal-te 68; but if ci-ste 140. Ignoble skye-ba dma-ba. Ignorance yti-mug, ma-rig-pa. Ill adj. and adv. (sick) nad-pa\ fed dnos- ndn\ bza-med', humoured skyo-ba; looking spus-med', luck rkyen; to be na-ba, Illness nad, na-ba, zug W. Illusion Jtrul-sndti, sgyu-ma. Illustrate O grel-ba; to - by parables dpes mfson-pa. Image sku; molten blugs-sku- Imagine vb. a. go-ba, sgom-pa, dmigs-pa, sems-pa; vb. n. snyam-pa. Imbecile glen-pa, han-lddn W. Imbibe )ibs-pa; to be imbibed t'im-pa. Imitate lad-mo byed-pa. Imitation lad-mo; Jbag. Immaterial (not existing) dnos-med, yzugs-med. Immeasurable fsad- med, yzal-du-med-pa. Immediate O pral, pral. Immediately mod-la, de ma-fag-tu 227. Immoderate f sod med. Immoral O col-pa, mi tsans-pa 445. Impaired nyams-pa. Impart Instant 637 Impart Q bogs-pa. Impartial pyoys-med. Im partiality mnya-in-pa-nynl. Impeded, to be Kad-pb. Impediment yegs, O gal-rkyen, bar-cod. Imperative mood jdams-nag O doms-pai fsiy 265. Imperishable mi-^iy-pa, rtay-pa. Impetuous nar-ma. Impious skal-med; sdiy-byed. Implements ca-byad, ca-lay, f/o-ca, yo- bydd. Impolite yyon-po; very Ka-yyoii-ct'. Imponderable yzal-du-med-pa. Importance Kay, /i r os, gal, do-gdl, ytsiys. Important Ici-ba, Kay -can, Jcos-can. Impose vb. a, (lay on) O yel-ba, skul-ba; (to deceive) O brid-pa, myo skor-ba. Imposture mgo-skor ; sgyu, no Ikoy ; rdzub. Imprecation nan ; by ad, byad-stems. Impress vb. (on the mind) Kon-du cud-pa; ycags-pa. Improper mi-ru/'t-ba. Improve vb. n. O pd-ba, fsen-ba. Improvement skyed. Impure skyuy-bro, ma-day -pa. In prep, na, nan-na. Inattention yyen-ba, y yens-pa. Inattentive mi O fsugs-pa. Incantation snags, ysan-siiays, yzuns. Incense s. kun-du-m, yu-yul, bduy-pa. Incessantly Jlor-yuy-tu. ryyun-cad-med- par, ryyun-du. IncJi sor-mo. Inclination yzuu-ba, bay- cags . Incline vb. n. (to lean) Jlra-ba. Inclined, to be (disposed) O dod-pa. Income sleb. Incongruous ya-ma-zun. Inconsiderate yzu-lum-can, blo-yros-wied. Inconstant col, mi O fsuys-pa, ^yur-ldog. Incorporeal Im-med. Incorrect skyon-can. Increase vb. a. sgro- dogs-pa, snon-pa, spel-ba ; vb. n. rgyas-pa, Q pel-ba. Increase s. skyed, non-ka. Incredible misrid-pa, ^os^med W.; yid- Indecorous no-fsa. [ces-su mi run-ba. Indeed de-ka yod 255, mod-pa. I n d e f a t i g a b 1 y skyo- mi-ses-par. Indented con-con. Independence ran-dbdit . Index dkar-cay, ylen-yzi: fo. India ryya-ydr, British fyyn-j //-////. Indian s. rgya-gar-pa. India rubber gyig. Indicate ston-pa. Indication mfsan-nyid. Indifferent ston-pa; to be - to ... la mi Ita-ba. Indigence yyon, dbu /-////. ? fons-pa. Indigent dbul-po, dbul - O j Indigestion zas ma zu-lm. Indigo rams ; colour m tin . Indirectly zur-du, zur-na W. Indivisible mi-pyed-pa. Indolent ky/i-ini-:///.<-/'; v. als med-pa 363 Industrious le-lam-hin W.-Jn-f son-pa-can. Inexplicable yya-nyes; it is totne rgi/u- mfsan mi ses or bsad mi nus. I n f a 1 1 i b 1 e mi-nor-ba. Infant cu-ma-lon Ld.; pru-gu cun-ba; boy K-yeu. Infect affo-ba, bsgo-ba. Inflammation O fsiy-pa; of the eyes miy-fsig (c-// /'///>/-/, r-nrul. Juice bcud, i-fxi. Jump vb. Jcrab-pa. J uuiper spa-ma. Jupiter (yzd}pur-bu. Just adj. dran-po, fsul-can 450. Just adv. v. ran no. 3 522; before Ka- dratl 35; by O gram-du 98; he, the very, fco-na 43; now ma-tag 227; so de-Ka-ltav 255. Justice v. Krims 50; ysagsbGi; chief - sag- dpon W. Jus tifi cation rnam-dag rtsi-ba 314. K Kalpa s. v. bskal-pa 33. Keep vb. a. O caii-ba, sruii-ba, skyon-ba 31; to - back O gegs-pa, ski/il-ba; to in mind O cah-ba\ vb. n. rten-pa 213. Keeper rdzi-bo 468 ; smii-mkan 583. Kernel rkan; rtsi-gu, fsi-gu. Kettle zans, zans-bu', drum rfia. Key Ide-mig- (pe-) ku-lig W. Khams v. Kama 39. Khatmandu v. /co-bom 43. Kick s. rdog-pa, O pra-sags. Kick vb. a. O pra-ba, v. also rdog-pa. Kid ra-gu, ri-gu W. Kidney mKal-ma. Kill y sod-pa, srog y cod-pa, resp. O gum-pa, O gem-pa. Kind s. Kyad-pw, rigs, sw316; mam-pa 313; bye-brag', of every sna-fsad. Kind adj. drin-can, byams-pa] to be - mfun-po byed-pa. Kindle dugs-pa, sbor-ba. Kindness drin , bka - drift brtoe-ba. King rgyal-po, rje-bo. Kingdom rgyal-Kams, rgyal- Kdg. Kiss s. ^o, ^u. Kiss vb. ^o byed-pa, Ka ytugs-pa, */ca lan- ce* W. Kitchen bkad-sa, yyos-tcah; fab-fsan W., sol-Kan C.\ garden Idum-ra W. Knag mdzer-pa. Knapsack Kab-fa-ka, /com', ci-ka W. Knead rdzi-ba. Knee pus-mo ; - joint sgyid-pa ; - pan Iha- iid. Knife gri. Knit sle-ba. Knock s. (the sound of knocking) tag-tog; there is a tag-tag zer W. Knocker ytun. Knot s. mdud-pa 273; mdzer-pa 463. Know ses-pa, no-ses-pa, rig -pa, resp. m fey en-pa, nes-pa C.; to by near t Ka- ton-du ses-pa. Knowledge rgyus, rig-pa, ses-pa. Known adj. rgyus-yod~pa, ca-yod-pa', not ytol-med, rgyus-mcd-pa, ca-med-pa. Knuckle s. sor-fsigs ; knuckles used as dice bloii-mo. Kunawar v. fcu-nu 40. Label s. byah-bu, byan-ma. Labour s. las, resp. prin-las, bzo. Labour vb. a. las byed-pa. Labourer las-pa. Laconic Ka-nyun, fsig-nyuii. Lad byis-pa. Ladder skad, skas-ka. Lade (water) O cu-ba. Ladle s. fum-bu, yzar-bu, cu-yzar, skyogs. Lady jo-mo, btsun-mo; of rank rje-ma, col. se-ma', young sem-cuii W. Lahul gar-za G7. Lair fsan. Lake mfso. Lama bla-ma; Grand - ^a(-ma) cen-po. Lamb lu-gu, lug-gu. Lame adj. za-ba, za-bo, rkan-rdiim. Lamed g rum-pa. Lament vb. n. smre-ba, mya-nan byed-pa, co-ne debs-pa. Lamentation co-Ac, ^o-< /<> .Learning s. rig-pa, ses-pa. Lease s., to take a nyo-ba. Leather s. ko-ba, ko-lpags, bse- - shoe ko- krdd; sieve ko-fsag. Leave s. ynan-ba\ of absence bka-bkrol, dgons-pa', to take v. pyag 347. Leave vb. jog-pa, yton-ba, Jbor-ba. Leaven s zo-riW. ; v. ru-ma 531. Lecture s. glen-brjod, glen-mo. Lecturer sgrog-pa-po', -'s chair cos-Kri. Leech s. Krag- fuii- buW.', srin-bu pad-ma. Leek sgog-pa. Left adj. yyon-pa; hand yyon-ma\ handed yyon-lag-byed-pa', gyog-po. Leg rkan-pa. Legalize bkar- dogs-pa. Legend sgruiis. Legendary tales rnam-fdr. Leisure Ion, cog-ka', to have cog -pa. Lemon gam-bu-ra, spyod-pdd. Lend yyar-ba. Length dkyus, rin-Kydd, srid. Leopard yzig', snow ysa. Leprosy rtio, mdze. Lessen vb. n. O grib-pa', je-nyuii je-nyuh- bar O gyur-ba. Lesson s. Ka-ta, resp. zal-ta\ rgyugs W. Lest conj. v. dogs-pa 258. Let vb. (to in, to loose etc.) yton-ba; jug-pa II, no. 2 178. Letter (of the alphabet) yi-ge; (epistle) yi-ge, resp. bka-sog; case yi-gei subs. Lettuce Idum. Level vb. a. snyoms-pa. Lever yso-mo. Liar /cram-pa, zog-can. Libation m cod-pa, mcod-ston 166. Libel s. sgo-yig. Liberal mig -yd/is. Liberate O grol-ba. Liberty far-pa, ran-dbdn', to be at cog- Libidinous cags-sred-can, O col-pa. Librarian deb-fer-pa. Library kun-dga-ra-ba; yig-Kan. Lick vb. Idag-pa. Lid fca-fcebs, Ka-gdb, fca-ycod, Ka-leb; cab- ma. Lie s. rdzun, sob, sab-sob W. Lie vb. (to tell a lie) rdzun smra-ba orbyed- pa. Lie vb. (down) nyal-ba; to with *fig-pa co-ce* W., bso-ba. Life srog, O fso-ba, yson-pa, fse 450; long nam Jsoi bar-du. Lift Lynx Lift vb. ker-ba, Kyog-pa, O degs-pa, spor-ba, O pyar-ba, sen-ba. Light s. ^od, snan-ba. Light adj. (not heavy) yan-po; (not dark) skya-bo; blue sno-skya; gray dkar- skya; green Ijan-skya; red dkur- dmar; yellow scr-skya. Light vb. a. sgron-pa, sbor-ba. Lightning s. glog, glog-ka, fog. Like adj. (similar) mnyam-pa, mtsuhs-pa, (sogs-se W.; adv. (in the same manner) Ita, Itar. nan-tar W. C. Like vb. a. ... la dga-ba. Likelihood no. Likeness bzo, zo. Likewise yari. Liuib yan-lag. Lime rdo-zo. Limit s. mfa, mu. Line s. fig; yig-pren. Lineage brgyud, rigs, rigs -brgyud, rus, rtts-pa. Linger O gor-ba. Lining s. nan-sa. Lion seti-ge; lioness seh-ge-mo. Lip />'a-lpdgs, mcu, Ka-mcu. Liquid s. Ku-ba, rlan-rlon. List s. fo; of goods rjed-bydh. Listen nyan-pa. Literature cos, rig-pa. Litter s. (palanquin) Had, tfyogs, Jcyogs; (bier) dgu-Kri C. Little adj. cun-ba, nyun-ba, pra-ba, pran, pran-bu, dman-pa. Little s. (a little) cig, cun, cun-zig, fig- fsdm, fsa-big, 'a-fsigW., a-liC.; adj. cun- ba. Live vb. n. (to be alive) yson-pa 591; (to dwell) ynas-pa 310, 9 dug-pa 277, Jfod-pa 56; (to behave) O grul-ba 100; to by or on za-ba 485, O fso-ba 460. Lively ycan-po, Ilram-pa. Liver mcin-pa 165- Lizard skyin-gor, da-byid, ryag-ciyLd.lQS, ma-la-la-tse Ld. 409. Load s. Kal, /cur, rgyab, rgyab-Kal 107, sgal 114, dos 260. Load vb. a. O gel-ba, Jtcl-ba. Loadstone Hab-len. Loaf kor-kor, dog W. 257. Loan s. skyin-pa, resp. kar-skyin. Locality ynas, skye-ynds 28. Lock s. (of hair) ral-pa. Lock s. (of a door) Icags, *go-caa* C., ku- ligW. Lock vb. a. y cod -pa; to up O gegs-pa; gar-te orgyan-du bor-ce W., v. ayyon-ba 119. Locust fsa-ga- Q bu, ca-ga-Jbu. Lodgings ynas-fsan, O bran-sa. Log dog W. Logic (sad-ma, rigs-pa. 641 Loiter Q gor-ba; (to appear) snan-ba; to at or on Itos- pa; to down upon O gyin-ba; to upon as sgom-pa. Look s. Ita-stans, no; out so, bso. Loose adj. kyom, Ihod-pa. Loose, Loosen vb. a. glod-pa, c grol-ba. Looseness Kru-ba. Lop vb. a. ^rum-pa. Lord s. mgon-po, jo-bo, rje-bo, dpon-po, dban-po, ytso-bo; of the manor yzi- bddg. Lose rlog - pa , Q bud - pa W.; to colour dkyug-pa ; to be lost stor-ba. Loss gud, gun, god, god-pa, god-^ma. Lot s. (fortune) skal-ba, resp. sku-skdl; las- bskos (v. sko-ba}; pya; to cast lots mo O debs-pa, rgyan rgyab -pa 107, rtags-ril btan-ba W. 212. Lotus ku-mu-da, pad-ma 322. Loud mfon-po, skad cen-po. Louse s. sig. Love vb. a. cags-pa, *cags-zen co-ce* W., ydun-ba, O pren-ba, brtse-ba, mdza-ba 461, *zen- dzin co-ce* W., yces-par byed-pa or O dzin-pa. Love s. cags-pa, snyin-brtse-ba, resp. fugs- brtse-ba, duns-pa, dran-sems, byams-pa, byams-sems. Lover O dod-grogs, mdza-grogs, bzaii-grogs; O dod-m/can. Low dma-mo, dman-pa; snyan-pa. Lower adj., part of a thing smad, sam, ysam, sod; -- of the body ro-smdd. jowland smad, man-cad. juck s., good sis, bad rkyen. jucky bkra-sis-pa. .uggage ca-ldg. jukewarm mal-la-mul-le. juminous ^od-can. j u m p goh-po, gon-bu, gog, dog. junar zla-bai; mansions rgyvr+kar m. junch, Luncheon s. dro 264. Lungs glo-ba. Lurk sgug-pa, Jab-ste sdod-pa, Ikog-jab byas-te Ita-ba. Lurking-place bskuns-sa. Lust s. O dodrpa, O dod-cags, cays-pa, ro-tsa. Lustful cags-sred-can, O col-pa. Lustre bkrag, Lynx dbyi, yyi. U 642 Mace Meagre M Mace (club) ga-da. Machine O pnd-J?or. Mad smyon-pa; to be smyo-ba. Madam, dear bzin-bzan-ma. Madder btsod. Madness Jh'id pa, smyo- bog. Magazine f son-Jean, mdzod. Maggot sa-Jbu. Magic s. O pml; adj. O pml-gyi; sentence yzuns; tricks co- prul; wheel O prul- Jcor. < Magician Q ba-po. Magistrate O go-pa, go-yodLd.; village yul-dpon. Magnificence rnam-pa, dpal, dpal-byw, by in. Magnolia tsam-pa-ka. Magpie skya-ga, ka-ta Kra-bo. Maid, Maiden bu-mo; lady's zal-ta- ma; servant Kol-mo, yyog-mo. Mail (armour) /crab, ya-ldd. Maim vb.a. pran fcod-pa, sug-pa O dreg-pa. Main adj. incog , v. also yzun; dogma ysun-mcog; ~ point don 259, ynad; - substance no-bo-nyid. Maintain smra-ba, O dod-pa, resp. bzed-pa; smras-pa-la brtan-par ynas-pa. [tsdb 375. Mai trey a byams-pa mgon-po 109; rgyal- Majestic rnom-bag-can, yzi-brjid-can. Majesty riia/m-pa, rnom-brjid. Make vb.a. byed-pa, eleg. bgyid-pa, resp. mdzad-pa, sgmb-pa, O ca-ba, bzo-ba, )iLg- pa, bco-ba; to be made O y rub-pa. Maker mdzad-po. Malabar ma-la-ya. Male adj. po\ child Kyeu\ bu; person skyes-pa. Malediction byad, byad-stem(s). Malice ynod-sems. Malicious blo-nyes. Mallow cam-pa ta-lo. Man s. (human being) m, rkan-ynyis-pa; lans-gro, skye-bo, skyes-bu, gan-zag'; (male) po, skyes-pa; servant Kol-po, bfan-fatt- waiting zal-ta-pa. Mane riiog, Itag-spu. Manger Kyi-yz6n\ bres. Manifest adj. mnon-pa. Manifestly rios-su. Manifold sna-fsogs, sna-mati-ba; pal-cer. Mankind skye-bo, skye-dgu, skye-rgu-, mi- rabs, mi-rigs. Manly Kyo-gai; age dar-ma. Manner fsul, lugs, rnam-pa no. 4,313; stabs, stans, sgros, cos no. 5, 163. Mansion, lunar rgyu-skar 111. Manufacture s. bzo. Manufacture vb.a. ^od-pa^sgrub-pa, bco- ba, bzo-ba. Manure s. hid; vb. a. lud ytoh-ba. Many maii-po, du-ma, dgu, a good ga- cen: how ? du; so de-snyed. Map s. bkod-pa, ziii-bkod W.; *&a-fa* C. Maple yya-li Sik. March vb.n. ^grod-pa, Q gnd-ba; to -about O grim~pa. March s. rkait-grds. Mare r god-ma, mo-rta. Margin nos, zur, mfa. Marigold gur-kum. \bkur-sti. Mark s. rtags, mfsan(-ma)\ of honour Market fsoti- dus; place fowm. Marmot pyi-ba, Q pyi-ba. Married adj., a man or woman Icyim- tab\ a woman bdag-tu byas-pai bud- med; to get (both of man and woman) Kyo-sug-tu O du-ba 276; (of a woman) mi zig-gi cun-mar byed-pa 159. Marrow rkan; no-bo-nyid; spinal klad- yzun. Marry vb. a. (to take a wife) cun-ma len- pa; (to unite in matrimony) Kyo-sug-tu sdud-pa. Mars mig-dmcu'. Marsh gram-pa; O dam. Marvelous (no} mfsar-ba 456; v. also ya- mfsan-po 505. Mask s. Jbag. Mason rtsig-bzo-pa. Masquerade O bag- cam. Mass (lump) yoti-po, (heap) puh-po, (bulk) Ihun, (multitude) fcrod-pa. Mast (flag-staff) dar-po-ce. Master mgon-po, mna-bddg,bdag-po, dpon- Mat s. stan. [po. Match s. (equal) Ka-ya, do; v. car 156; v. ya 504; (lunt) pa-til, pa-til. Matchless O gran-zla-med-pa, O gran-ya- mcd, do-med, mfsuns-med. Mate s. (companion) do-zla; ya-do W. Material s. rgyu. Material adj. dnos-can, yzugs-can. Mathematician rtsis-pa. Matter s. (substance) rgyu, dnos-po, rdzas, zafi-zin; (in physics) bem-po, yzuc/s ; (pus) cu-ser, cu-rnag, mag. Matter vb.n.; it does not can mi str>: what does it ? ci sto. Mattock Q ior, tog-tse. Mattress sob-stdn. ]\Iaw Ikog-sog, ze-biig. Maxim bka-rtags. Meadow span, span-po, ne-fdn, ne-ma. Meagre skem-pa, rid-pa. Meal Missive 643 Meal (flour) pye. Mean adj. /l-na. /(n-pa, btsog-pa. Mean \b.go-ba, snyam-pa, O durte*-pa\yia*- pa 510. Meaning s. bsam-pa, resp. dgo/ts-pa; don. Means s. grabs, fabs; by all ties -par, f/aii-gis kyan, cis kyan; by no re-skdn; by what ? cis; by of sgo-?ias 115 Measure s. skar-fsdd, bre, fsad, fsod; to take skad-ce, fsod O dzin-pa; measures (arrangements) grabs; to take grabs byed-pa. Measure vb.a. jal-ba, dpog-pa, fsod dzin- pa, nyams-len-pa, ysor-ba. Meat s. sa, resp. skrum', za-ba, resp. bzes- pa; dried skam-san; and drink bza- btun ; jelly sa-spyin; pie mog-mog W. Mecca ma-lcd. Mechanic s. bzo-pa; mechanics' institu- tion bzo-grd. Meddle lea ^ug-pa, fc-ba. Mediator bar-mi. M edicine sman. Meditate sems-pa, resp. dgotis-pa, Ita-ba, sgom-pa, bsam-mno byed-pa, resp. fugs- bsam yton-ba. Meditation sgom, sgom-pa, rnal-' byor. Medley cag-ga- cog-ge. Meet vb. a. fug-pa, O prad-pa, mjal-ba', vb. n. O dzom-pa; to go to ydan- dren-pa. Meetin g s. O du-ba, O dus-pa; house O dun- li'aH, fsogs-fean; place O dus-sa. Melody mgur, dbyans. Melon ga-gon. Melt vb.a. Ju-ba, zu-ba; melted, molten zun-pa, zun-mo; melting-spoon zu-kyog. Member yan-lag, fsigs 448. Memorandum-book rjed-fo. Memorial stone rjed-rdo. Memory dran-pa. Menace vb. O gam-pa. Mend vb. a. glan-pa. Mendacious Kram-sems-can. Mendicant adj. spran-po; friar spran- bdn. Menses, Menstruation Krag O dzag-pa, zla-mfsdn. Mention vb.a. ^od-pa; to be mentioned (in a book etc.) Jbyun-ba. Merciful snyin-rje-can, resp. fugs-rje-can. Mercury (planet) lhag-pa', (metal) dnul- cu. Mercy snyin-rje, fugs-rjc. Mere Jba-zig. Merely sa-stag, sa-dag. Merit s. bsod-pa. Merry Krul-po, sems-spro-ba, spro-sems- can ; dga-ba, dga-mo. Mesh O gug(s~) W. Mess (dish) skyu-n'tm, spags. Message ;///'//. O prin, Ion, resp. bka-j'n-lit. Messenger p'o-nya, mi-x/n't. Metal ht-ba* Kamt; caste -* l>lu-. Middle s. dkyil, rked-pa, foris. . Midnight nam-fy&l, /ttfxtm-d/.-i/if. mt'mm- gu/l, mfsan-f n/<'< I. stan-x! if iu\ byus. Mishap gal-i'hyi'n. Miss s. (young lady) .*///-<*///; M'. Miss vb. fal-ba, mi K8-pd. Missive s. /ika-iyyii, <>-<(. Murderer y sod-by ed. Muscle (anatomy) sa, nya. Muse vb. n. rtog-pa. Mushroom sa-mo, mog-sa W. Music rol-mo. M usk gla-rtsi; bag yla-bai Ite-ba; deer gla-ba. Musket me-dd C.; ball rdeu, nh 1 . Mustard ske-fse, skye-fse, yuhs 512. Mute adj. Ikugs-pa, han-lddn W. Mutter vb. a. sam(j-ma) sum(-me) zer-ba W.; to prayers ma-ni tan-ce W., zla- ba, zlo-ba 491. Muzzle s. Ka-mfsul, mfsul-pa. My pron. nai, eleg. bdag-gi, ned-kyi. Myriad ($ig-)Kri. Mystic s. rgyud-pa. Nail Number 645 N Nuil s. yzer, zer, pur-pa; a little yzi-ru, yzer-bu; of a linger or toe sen-mo, ivsp. pyag-sen, zabs-sen. Naked sgrcn-mo, ycer-bu, rjen-pa. Name s. min, resp. mfsan. Name vb. min y togs-pa, skad-pa, O grag-pa, zer-ba. Namely de-yan, de ^aii; Q di-lta-ste. Nape Itag-pa. Napkin Ka-p tji's, lag-pyi&, pan-l>'eb. Narcotic adj. smyo-byed. Narrative s. lo-rgyiis. Narrow adj. pal-med, zen-med, dog-pa. Nasty btsog-pa, (b)rtsog(s)-pa. Nation mi-brgyud 124, sde 295, rigs 527. Native s. yul-pa Native-place yzis-ka. Natural dnos-ma, ma bcos-pa. Naturally raii-bzin-gyis, ysis-kyis 5G5. Nature nan, cos-nyid, no-bo-nyid 129. Naught (cipher) m/ca. Naughty n a-rgyal- can, Nauseasywr-6ro-6a, Kam-log, Kams-rmyd. Navel Ite-ba. Near adj. nye-ba', adv nye-bar, rtsar 437, (jram-du\ rgyan fuh-ba; Idan-la, Idan-du 289; to be nye-ba, rten-pa 214. Neat adj. sdug-pa, sdug-gu. Necessaries s. yo-bydd. Necessary adj. dgos-pa, rigs-pa 528; to be dgos-pa. Necessity dgos-pa. Neck ske, mgui\ mgul, mgrin-pa, ^jin-pa; ynya-ba- cloth Ka-dkri, Ka-ras. Neckerchief dkri-ma, m,gul-cins. Necklace ske-cd. Need s. gyoit. Needful dgos-pa. Needle Hab, O tsem-Kdb. Negative s. dgag-pa 94, ^ag-pai sgra. Neglect vb. O gyin-ba, ... /a mi Ita-ba. Neigh O fser-ba. Neighbour Kyim-mfses, pa-rol-po. Neighbourhood sa-pyogs, yul-pyogs. Nepal bal-po, bal-yid. Nephew fsa-bo, resp. dbon-po, dbon-srds. Nerve cu-rtsd. Nest fsan. Net rgya, rgya-mo, dol\ work dra-ba. Nettle zwa. Neutralize O cin-ba. Never v. nam-yan 303. Nevertheless yin-kyan, yin-na yan W. New so-ma, ysar-ba, ysar-po. News ca, skad, p'rin, O prin, Ion, hun W.', good lon-bzdh. Nice sdug-pa. Night nam, mfsan-mo\ quarters Jbrait- sa, eleg. Mcix-hrd/i. iv(t, rtxi-lm. 646 Numberless Oppress Numberless bgran-yds. Numerous rgyas-pa. Nun cos-ma, btsun-mo, mo-btsim 435; jo- mo 173. Nurse s. (children's) md-ma. Nurse up vb. a. ysos skyed-pa, skyed srin- ba 30. Nutriment bcud. Nutritious bend-can, Ri-ba. O Oak ca-ra, be-&i&\ forest be-Krocl. Oar sky a, gru-Kyem. Oath yi-ddm, resp. fugs-dam, mna, bro. Oats ka-rtsam, yug-po. Ob e d i e n t bka nyan-pa. Ob ey Ka-la (or resp. gal-la) nyan-pa. Object s. ynas, rdzas, zan-zin, dnos-po 131 ; of perception yul 513 ; mental dmigs- ytdd. Oblation mcod-pa, sbyin-pa 405. Oblige (compel) v. nan-gyis 303. Obliged, to feel drin-dran-pa. Oblique tfyom-Kyom, yo-ba, san-Ka. Oblong nar-mo, kyon. Obscuration sgrib-pa 120. Obscure adj. mun-pa, go-dka-ba 71. Obscure vb. a. sgrib-pa; obscured dkrigs- pa, rmon-ba, rmons-pa. Obscurity mun-pa. Observe sruii-ba, . . . la Ita-ba I no. 3, 216. O bstinate kyon-po, go-fag-can W. (\\i.mgo- mKregs-can). Obstruct O gegs-pa, bcur-ba. Obstruction bgegs, ^gag. Obtain sgrub-pa, rnycd-pa, fob-pa, len-pa. Obviate y cod-pa, zlog-pa. Occasion s. rkyen, glags, skabs; on of skabs-su. Occupy O dzin-pa no. 3, 465. Occur c gyur-ba, O fon-pa, ^oii-ba. Occurrence rkyen, ditos-po. Ocean rgya-mfso. Odour dri, dri-ma. Oesophagus Ikog-ma. Of prep, kyi 6, nas 304, las 546. Off adv. par 341, yas 508. Offence sdig-pa\ to commit an nyes-pa, sdig-pa byed-pa. Offend Kah-ba, Jlu-ba. Offensive sin-tu fu-ba, mizim-pa', yid-du mi ^on-ba. Offer sbyin-pa. Offering s. mcod-pa, Q bul-ba, yon; lamp mcod-sdon; table mcod-Uri,mcod-stegs; house or place of mcod-Kan. Office ^gah-po. Officer O go-pa, blon-po. Official s. bka-blon, bka-ysags. Official adj. blon-poi, bka-blon-gyi; pa- per bka-sog. Offspring brgyud, ba-rgyud. Oh inter), ka, ka-ye, kye, kye-ma 7; oh very well! ,.0 lags-so. Oil mar, mar -nag W.; cake mar-gyi fsigs-ma; lamp 'un-gu. Ointment skud; byug-pa. Old road-pa, cen-mo W., rnyiii-pa, bcad- po; age rgas-ka; man rgad-po, - woman rgad-mo; squire gro-gra 63; to be rga-ba; to grow bgre-ba. Oleander ka-ra-bi-ra. Olive skyu-ru, ka-skyur-po Sik.; tree skyu-ru sin, Ka-skyur-poi siit Si/,-. Omen sna-ltds, Itas, rtags. Omit bsol-ba. Omniscient kun-mkyen. O n prep, tta-ru, fear 34, Ka-fog-la, ka-tod- la 35, dgaii-la, dgeii-la, sgen-la 114, fog-tu 237, na 298. Once (one time) lan-ycig; more ced-du, da-run, pyir, yan, slar; at v. car 139; (at the same time) pyogs ycig-la 352. One num. ycig, at a time ycig-cig 144; eyed mig-zdr; footed rkan-ycig-pa; the one the other ycig . . . j'cig, ycig-po. One pron. (French 'on') skyes-bu 31; an- other fcig-gis fcig\43>; by one's self ycig- Onion btson. \jty 144. Only adj. ycig-ka, ycig-pu 144; zad (v. O dzad-pa 464). Only adv. ka-rkyaii, (v. rkyaii-pa 17), sa- stag 555; Ico-na 43, fcig-tu 144 ; O ba-zig 391, man-no, mi 411, tsam 430 ; not ma zad- de 445. Open adj. pyes-pa, pyes-te, vulgo pe.-te; bkag-pa ma yin-pa. O pen vb. a. Ha O byed-pa, bgrad-pa; vb. n. O bye-ba, Ka O bye-ba. Opening s. Ka, bu-ga. Openly nos-su 130, mnon-sum-du 133; '- ysal-la W. 605. ' Opinion grub-mtd, Ita-ba, snan-ba; in my nas bltas-pas 216. Opportunity skabs, glags, rgyu, stabs, fobs, sa. Opposite Ka-dran, go-ldog; side par- Ka, pa-rol, par-nos. Opposition, to be or act in Q gal-ba c. las or dan. Oppress non-pa. Optical deception Park 647 Optical deception mig- krid. Or yan-na 506. Oracle gros - O dri-sa. Orally Ka-nas, col. Ka-na. Orange fsa-lum-pa. Orb Jcor-lo; of transmigration J,'or-ba 58. Orchard bza-sin-ra-ba, Idum-ra. Ordain bsnyen -par rdzogs -pa, bsnyen - rdzogs mdzad-pa 46'J. Order s. (succession) go-rim 71; to put in - som~pa, ytan-la O bebs-pa; (command) bka, bka btays-pa, bka-fa/i, bka-ynaii-ba; zal-yddms; hu-knmW.; (purpose) in to don-du 259, {njir-du 351 Order vb. a. (command) bka ynan-ba 13, sgo-ba 116. Orderly adj. fsul-mfun. Ordinarily rgyun, pal-cer. Organ (of sense) dban-po. Orifice Ka, bu-ga. Origin Kuns, byun-Kuns. O go-ma, fog-ma, cags-f&ul, rtsa-ba. Originate vb.n. fcrun-ba, cags-pa Ornament s. rgyan, cun-po. Orphan da-ping. Orthography dag-yig , yi-gei sdeb-sbyor, brda-sprod. Other yzan^ yzan-pa, yzan-ma, sos, ycig- sos. Otter sram. Ought v. rgyu 110- Ounce sran. Our, ours /'mi ]-_>!. /;///-//// 1-27. Out adv. pyir :',.')i. /\i/i-rol-tu 349; to be (mistaken) /> : ittl - ba\ out of prep, nas, koh-nas. Outcast s. ydol-pa. Outcry grags-pa. Outlet sgo. Outside s. Ka, piji-n>l. Outside adv. pyi III 349- Outward adj. pyii\ appearance ca-f>yi'nt. Over prep, gon-du, bar-snan or /a; bla\ against Ka-drait, fad(-ka); adv. to be (past) fal-ba II no. 5, 231. Overcome vb. a. fub-pa, non-pa: vb.n. sran-pa. Overflow vb. a. yyen-ba\ vb. n. lud-pa. Overhasty ha-cah riiis-pa, ha-can myur- ces-pa. Overseer skul-fcan, do-dam-pa, mgo byed- pai mi. Overshadow Keb-pa. Overtake snyegs-pa, ytug-pa. Overthrow vb. sgyel-ba, rlog-^i. Overturn vb. sgyel-ba, rtib-pa. Owl ^ug-pa. Own adj. ran-gi, nyid-kyi. Own vb. (possess) bdog-pa, dbah-ba; own- ing mha-ba. Owner mna-bddg. Ox glan, ba-glait. Pace s. gom-pa; O cag-pa, gom- cag-pa. Pace vb. gom-pa Jbor-ba. Pack vb. a., to on Jiel-ba', to up teg- pa. Paddle-wheel sku-ru. Padlock doit-pa. Page s. (waiting-boy) go-re-lon; sku-drun- pa, sku-mdun-pa-, of a book sog-logs. Pail zo-ba. Pain s. (bodily) zug, }'zug\ yzer\ (mental) mya-ndn 420, sdug-bsnal 294; to take pains O gru-ba, Jbad-pa\ brtson- f/ms byed-pa. Pain vb. a. O fse-ba; to be pained ydun-ba. Paint s. fson\ vb. a. skud-pa. Painter ) 'i-mo-mfcan . Painting s. ri-mo, fan-ka. Pair s. zun, dor. Pairing s. (copulation) Jcrig-pa. Palace po-bratt. Palanquin Jcyogs; *Kyog-cdn* W., *peb- tv/'/J* C. (v. dpy'an-ba 328). Palate dkan, rkan Pale adj. *kya-ko-re, kya-fe-re* 25. Palm s. (of the hand) lag-mfil, fal-mo. Pan (large) sla(>i)-na; (small) dra-zu; (flat) ta-ba. Pancake *ful-ta-gir* W. 234. Pan k ah (fan) bsil-ydb. Pannier y zed-ma. Pant vb. n. rnam-pa, dnaii-ba. Pap (porridge) skyo-ma, /co-lag. Paper s. sog-bu 563; a sheet of - gre-ga\ official bka-sog. Parable dpe 327, O dra-dpe. Paradigm dpe-br)6d. Paradise mfo-r/x Paragraph rnam-bca(l-/>n. Paralyze O cin-ba\ n Parasol ydugs. Parcel s. (package) fums 234. Parch r nod-pa, slam-pa. Pardon vb. a. (to use forbearance) pa 498; (to leave unpunished) /'>, rdzogs-par. Perform byed-pa, sgrub-pa, bco-ba W., spyod-pa. Perfume s. spos. Perhaps gal-te-na, graii\ su ses, ci ses W. Peril s. nyen, bar-cod, Jtnd-so. Perimeter mfa-skor. Period dus-fsiys, dus-mfsams-, ynas-skabs; former snon-rol. Perish ^jig-pa, med-par ^yur-ba. Permission dyons-pa, bka ynan-ba\ with your zu W. 476- Permit bka ynan-ba', to be permitted cog- pa, run-ba. Pernicious nan-pa', ma-run-ba. Perpendicular gy en-la draii-po W. Perpetual rtag-pa. Perpetually rgyun-du. Persecute snyeg-pa, O ded-pa, ? fse-ba. Perseverance yid yons-su mi skyo-ba or mi ^gyur-ba. Persia ta-zig. Person gah-zdg. Personal dnos. Personally mnon-sum-du, dnos-su. Perspiration rnul. Pertinacious mgo-mKregs-can. Peruke skra-fsab. Perverse go-klog. Perversity pyin-ci-ldg. Pervert rlog-pa. Pestle ytun, dgog-tiii ' . Petting adj. mnyo-mnyo-canW. Petroleum Polish Petroleum rdo-snum. Petticoat mo-gos, Pewter dkar-yyd. Philology sgra-rig-pa. Philosophy nan-don-rig-pa 527. Phlegm bad-kan, lud-pa. Phlegmatic nan-brgyud nn-ba; dis- position *se-gya-dhal'wa* C. (lit. ses- rgyud dal-bd). Physician sman-pa; 'em-ci, 'am-ci; yso- ba-po 590. Piccolo- flute pred-glin. Pick vb. a. Jbyed-pa; to up sgimg-pa. Pickle s. skyu-rum. Picture s. bzo, zo, ri-mo', fan-ka, resp.zal- fan', of a saint bris-sku, sku-bris. Piebald Kra-bo. Piece s. cag-krum, cag-dum, dum, rnam- pa; a single zun 488; a small Jcol-bu; to fall to pieces rdib-pa. Pierce Jbig(s)-pa. Piety /crel; cos-la dga-bai sems. Pig pag. Pigeon pu-ron, pug-ron. Pigtail cu-tiW., Ican-lo C. Pilaw pu-la, po-la. Pile vb. a. sgril-ba, bcer-ba, rtseg-pa. Pilfer byi byed-pa. Pilgrimage, to go on a mjal-ba. Pill s. ril-bu. Pillar ka-ba. Pillow snas, snye-stdn, snye-Jbol. Pin s. ihit'-pa, O dzin-yya C., zwn-Kdb W. Pincers skam-cun. Pinch vb., the shoe pinches *Kab-sa dam dug* W. 297. Pious skal-ldan\ ttrel-can, cos -can, cos- sem-can W. ; cos-la dga-ba. Pise gyah, gyen 74. Pistol *me-dd* C'., *ran- bdr* W. Pit s. /%, fcuris, don. Pitcher cu-snod, cu-rdzd, ben, rdza-bum. Pitchfork zar. Pith ynad. Pitiable dman-pa. Pity s. snyin-brtse-ba. Place s. Kag, sa, sa-Kyad, go, yul-gru, yul, ynas, sa-ca, groh\ to take O gyur-ba, O byutl-ba. Place vb a. jog-pa, Jbor-ba, O dzugs-pa\ to be placed Rod-pa. Plague s . ynyan, O go-bai nad, O go-bai rims ', nan-rims, rims-ndd. Plaid yzan-gos. Plain s. fan\ nos. Plain adj. (without ornament) Jam-san, rgyan-med. Plaintiff *$m zu-fcan* W. Plait s. lan-bu; vb. a. lan-bu sle-ba; ycud- pa. Plan s. bkob-lta, bkod-pa', vb. a. //'" /-/'". Plane s. pag-ste W.; vb. a. *fag-std */v//- ce* W. Planet yza 492. Plank span, span-Ub. Plant s. sno, rtswa; vb. a. O dzugs-pa. Plantain skyes-sdon; ta-la Plaster s. (in surgery) Q byor-sman. Plaster yb.a. (to pave) skyaii-nul byed-pa. Plastering s. zal-ba 474. Plate s. glegs, gra-ti Ld., ta-bagW.; tin fa-li W. ; iron Icags-fdl. Plate vb. a. eus yton-ba 160. Play vb. (to sport) rtse-ba, rtsed-pa' to on an instrument Q Rrol-ba,skrog-pa', to a trick ynod-pa skyel-ba. Play-fellow rtse-grogs, grogs-tfyeu. Play-ground rtse-sa Pleasant sdug-pa, yid-du jn-ba', to be O fad-pa. Pleasantness Jcyer-so. Please vb. a. dga-bar byed-pa', vb. n. v. mttyen-pa 55; if you please zu 476; to be pleased dgyes-pa, bsod-pa. Pleasing adj. dga-mo, bsod-pa. Pleasure dga-ba, rtsed-mo, yyen-rtsed, rtsed-jo; snyin dga-ba or bde-ba', at ran-dgdr, yid bzin-du. Plebeian ma-rabs, pal-pa. Pledge s. rgyan, yta-ma, yte-pa. Pleiades smin-drug. Plentiful Krigs, rgyas-pa, mod-po; to be O dzom-pa. Plenty s. Ions-spy od. Pliable, Pliant mnyen-pa, mnyen-lcug, Icug-pa. Plough s. ysol', vb. a. ysol-mda O dzin-pa', rnio-ba. Pluck s. (of an animal) snyiii-luii. Pluck vb. sgnig-pa. Plummet za-nyei ytih-rdo. Plump Ikob; rom-po W. Plunder vb. O gog-pa, *kog-te Kiier-ce W. 95- Pock s. Jbrum-pa-, marked mdzar-ra- mdzer-re Ld. Pocket s. can-da, dku-mda, Kud-pa\ - book yi-gei subs', sam-ta, sab-dra', fire me-lcags', handkerchief na-ci C., na- pi W. ' Pocket vb. a. Jlur-ba. Pod gan-bu, Igan-bu. Poem nag-snydn', snyan-diiags. Poetry sdeb-sbyor. Point s. fseg, nag-fseg\ main don, ma- yzi; to be on the ca-ba; v. also las II extr. 546. Poison dug. Poker yog-po. Polecat sul-f>i/t. Polish vb. bdar-ba. 41* (i',0 Polished Print Polished adj. ,od-can. Politeness ze-sa. Pollute O bag-pa. Pollution grib. Pomatum sra-skiid. Pomegranate se- bru, seu. Pond rdziii. Ponder sems-pa, resp. dgons-pa', bsam-blo yton-ba. Pool cu-Kyil, Iten-ka. Poor dbul-ba, pons-pa, nan- pa, gyi-na, Kas-dmdn, Kas-zdn; the poor people! snyin-re-rje. Poplar dbyar-pa; ma-gal W.; ysol-jw, Popular mon-za-can W. Popularity mon-za W. Porcelain kar-yol, dkar-yol; clay Kam- pa. Porch sgo-Kdn. Porcupine rgan, by i- fur, yzig-mo. Pore spui Kun-bu, ba-spui bu-ga. Porridge zan 486- Portal sgo-Kdn. Portion s. skal-ba, ca 150, ca-sds; fsod, Ihu 601 ; of meat rgya-ri, sder-gdn. Position go 70- Positive adj. dnos. Possess, to be possessed of bdog-pa. Possessing adj. bcas-pa 146- Possession, to hold in O dzin-pa 465. Possibility glags, go-skdbs, rgyu, sa. Possible, to be srid-pa. Post s. (pillar) ka-ba. Posteriors rkub, mjug, pum-pum, sul-pa. Postillion rfa-zam-pa. Postpone bsol-ba, srin-ba. Postscript yan-skydr. Post-service ji-ldg 499. Post-station rta-zdm. Pot s. Kog-ma, rdza-ma, pan-dil W.; cloth fsa-lcibs; house can-Kan. Potato skui-ba, *kui-u* C., *dho-ma, qiia- dho* C. 78; 'a-lu W. Potency dban. Potsherd gyo-mo, cag-po. Pouch s. rkyal-bu, Kug-ma, Kab-ta-ka Ld. Poultry Kyim-bya. Pound vb.a. rdun-ba, Krum-Krum byed-pa. Pour Mugs-pa, O byo-ba, Jbo-ba. Poverty pons-pa, dbul-ba. Powder s. pye-ma. Power mna, mna-tdn, mfu, nus-pa. Powerful rgyags-pa, nar-ma, btsan-po. Powerless dban-med; to render dban- med-du Q col-ba. Practice s. lag -tin, resp. pyag-tin; lob- Kydd W. Practise vb. a. sbyo/l-ba. Praise s. snag-ysol; vb.a. snag-pa, stod-pa. Prattle s. col-cun. Pray vb. n. ysol-ba, zu-ba. Prayer ysol-ba-, mill cos-fcor, ma-ni-cos- Kor. Preach cos sgrog-pa, resp. cos-kyi syroq- glen mdzad-pa. Precede snon-du ^yro-ba. Preceding ma-ma, snon- gro. Precept bka-bsgos, bka-rtags, Krims, cos, ydams-pa, bslab-bya. Precious dkon-pa, yces-pa, rin-cen, rin- po-ce; the most - thing dkon-mcog 10. Precipitous yzar-ba. Precisely ran, Ico-na. Preface s. snon- gro. Prefect yul-dpon, mi-dpon. Preferable bla. Prefix s. snon-jiig, O pul(-yig). Pregnant sbrum-pa; sems-can dan Idan- ^a290. Preparation grabs, rgyu, sta-gon. Prepare som-pa, sbyor-ba I, no. 2,406; bco- ba W., dger-ba C., O ca-ba 168; to vict- uals for the table yyo-ba, yyos-su byed-pa. Prepuce mdun-pags, O dom-pags. Prerogative don. Presage s. sna-ltas. Presence, in oimdun-du, resp. spy an - snar. Present s. (gift) skyes, rten, zu-rten, resp. i yzigs-rten, Kyos-pa, bya-dgd, sbyin-pa. Preserve vb. skyoti-ba, skyob-pa, srun-ba. \ Press vb. bkan-pa, bcar-ba, glem-pa (.'., non-pa, O fsir-ba, to hard (in an inquest) tsir tag jhe'-pa C. Pressingly nan-gyis 303. Presume (arrogate) Kas-len-pa 34. Pretty adj. mcor-po, sdug-pa, dga-mo. Prevail on Jjug-pa. Prevent ^gogs-pa, y cod-pa, zlog-pa. Preventive s. srun-ba. Previous adj. stion- gro. Previously sna-na, sna-goii, siian, s/'nn\ snon. Price gon, fan, rin. Prick vb. a. snun-pa, O dzugs-pa 465. Pricking (pungent) rtsub-po. Pricks fastened to the feet for climbing mountains rkan-mdzer. Pride s. na-rgyal, dregs-pa, p'o-so, rlom-]"'. rlom-sems. Priest bla-ma. Priestcraft cos-zog. Priesthood dge- dun. Primary adj. v. rtsa-ba. Prime minister bka-blon. Prince rgyal-bu, rgyal-srds.' Principal adj. mcog, ytso-bo; part mgo. Principal s. mgon-po, ^o-dpon. Principally ytso-bor. P ri n t vb. par-du Q debs-pa, par rgyab-pa W. Printer Pustule G51 Printer par-pa. Printing-office par-Kan. Prison btson-Kan, fcri-mun. Prisoner btson. Private, Privately sgos. Privilege s. ynan-ba. Privities O doms, sba-ba. Privy s. cab-ttun, ysan-spyod, Prize s. (reward) dgu-mfsdn. Probationer dge-bsnyen . Proboscis glan-snd. Proceed O gye-ba, spro-ba; to let O gyed- pa 97. Proclaim bka bkod-pa, bka O doqs-pa, sqrog- pa, sgyur-ba W. Proclamation bka bkod-pa, bka btags-pa, bka - O dogs-pa. Procreate skyed-pa, bso-ba. Prpcure sgfub-pa, ynyer-ba, sbyor-ba, O fsol-ba. Produce s. fog. Produce vb. skyed-pa\ to be produced cags-pa. Product s. (sum total) brtsis-zin. Professor mKan-po. Profit s. skyed, Ke, Kye, don, spogs; pan- pa, pan-fogs, bed. Profitable drug, pan- O dogs-pa. Profound zab-pa. Prognostic s. sna-ltas. Progress s. skyed. Prohibit Jiegs-pa, O gegs-pa. Project vb. a. O god-pa; vb. n. fal-ba. Prolong bsol-ba, srin-ba. Prolongation stud-ma. Prominent, to be fal-ba. Promise s. cad; vb. cad-pa, Q ce-ba,Kas- len-pa, dam O ca-ba. Promulgate sgrog-pa, rjod-pa. Pronounce ? don-pa, rjod-pa. Pronunciation Icogs, zer-lcogs, zer-fsul W., klog-fsul, r)od-dbyans C. Proof s. mnon-rtdf/s, rtags, rgyu-mfsan. Prop s. rgyab-rten', vb. a. skyor-ba. Propagation sa-bon; dar-ba. Propensity bag-cdgs. Proper dtios 131; place go; timebsgan. Property yon-tan, Ions-spy od; left ml 561. Prophesy vb. lun ston-pa. Prophet lun-ston-pa. Prophetic sight mnon-ses, ^od-ysal, resp. fugs-mttyen. Propitious bkra-sis-pa, dge-ba. Proportion fig-fsdd, by ad. Propound rjod-pa, ston-pa, O cad-pa. Proprietor bdag-po. Prospect (likelihood) no 129, ca 151. Prosperity bkra-sis. Prosperous yyan-can. Prostitute s. ^pyon-ma, smatl-f^i/,-//ni. Protect skyob-pa, O gebs-pa, snin-ba, byed-pa. Protection .s-/;///.s. Protector ttyabs-mgfa] mgo-skyoii, mgo- Q dren, mgon-po; of religion cos-skyoii \\\. Proud Keits-pa, grags-can, rgyags-j>. (//'c'/.s- pa; to be snyems-pa. Proverb Ua-dpe. Provide sbyor-ba, yod-par byed-pa. Provided with (having, possessing) i-.*; store of ytad-so. Provoke nyams Jbm-ba, O fsan O bru-ba. Provost dge-bskos. Prudent mKas-pa, gruii-ba, rgo-j>r. Rear vb. (bring up) srel-'ba. y*o-ba. Reason s. (intellect) bio, blo-yros; (cause) rgyu. Reasonable fsul-mfun 450. Rebel vb . no - log byed -pa 553 , *gyab - log jhe-pa* C. Rebel s. no-loy-mttan. Re -born, to be skye-ba 28. Rebound vb. n. O par-ba. Rebuke s. bka-bkyon, brgyad-kdg; vb. a. brgyad-kay byed-pa. Receipt O prod- dzin, zin-bris. Receive len-pa, resp. bzes-pa; fob-pa; rjes- su O dzin-pa. Receptacle rtenno.V, 213. Recite skyor-ba, sgrog-pa. Reckon (count) rtsi-ba. Recline bkyed-pa, snye-ba. Recommend snag-pa ; stod-pa. Recommendation, letter of mfun- Reap Requisite 653 Reins (of a bridle) srab-skydys, srab-nvhi. Reins (kidneys) mlcal-ma. Reject spoit-litt. Rejoice vb.n dya-ba, resp.dgyes-pa; 'my6ys, yul- pyoys. Register s. dkar-cdy; fo. Regular fsul-can. Reign s. ryyal-srid. Reinforcements dmag-fsogs snon-ma. ^y Release s. blud-pa, far-clu jug-pa. Relic rin-bsrel 529. Religion cos, cos-lugs. Religious cos-kyi; cos-la dya-b(/-/nr. Reluctantly nam-suys Sch. Rely rten-pa. Remain jiug-pa, bzugs-pa, lus-pa. Remainder lus-ma, Ihay-tna. Remains (dead body) ro. Remedy s. ynyen, rdzas, yso-byd. Remember dgons-pa, dran-pa, r)es-su dran-pa\ yid-la byed-pa\ nes-pa 128. Remind yid skul-ba. Remove vb. O yrol-ba, sgrol-ba\ Jbyin-pa, sbyon-ba. Rend y cod-pa, O dral-ba, yseg-pa, hral-ba. Renounce spon-ba. Renown grays-pa, snyan-pa. Renowned grags-pa-can, grags-can, sgra- ce. Rent adj. cad-po; to be O yas-pa. Rent s. (fissure) ral; (house-rent) Kaii-gla. Repair vb. a. yso-ba. Repay jal-ba, ysob-pa. Repeat skyor-ba, sgre-ba, stud-pa, Idab-pa. Repent O gyod-pa. Repentance ayod-pa. Repertory fob-yiy. Reply s. "ifa-ldn, Ian; vb. Ian (Ms-y/, glon-pa. Report s. (of a gun) s^rww; (rumour) *( lo*W. Representative s fsab-po. Reprimand s. bka-bkyon. Reproach vb. a. co L :n-ba. Require bzed-pa 484 Requisite s. cos 15G; requisites rdzas 468. 654 Requital Roll Requital Ka-ldn; Jbras-bu. Rescue vb. a. sgrol-ba, skyob-pa, skyabs byed-pa, far-bar byed-pa. Resentment Icon-pa. Reserved adj. gya-ma-gyu 73. Reside bzugs-pa. Residence /cab, rgyal-sa; yzi-ma. Residue ro. Residuum fsigs-ma. Resign Ko- fag y cod-pa . Resin fan-cu. Resist rgol-ba. Resolute lo-na fun-se W. Resolve vb.n. (decide) bgro-ba, fag-ycod- pa. Resound Jtrol-ba. Respect s. bkur-ba, bkur-sti; sku-rim, gus- pa; pu-dud, sri-zu; to pay one's respects rje-sa or ze-sa byed-pa; best respects! zu W. 476; in every mam-pa kun-tu; with to la 540. Respect vb. a. rtsis byed-pa. Respectable btsun-pa. Respectful gus-pa. Respiration dbugs. Respire dbugs r nub-pa dan Jbyin-pa. Responsibility Kag. Rest s. (remainder) mfa, lus-ma, Ihag-ma. Rest s. (repose) .sti-ba; vb. sti-ba; -nal yso- ba 127. Resting-place lam-stegs. Restless O dug mi fsugs-pa 459. Restore yso-ba. Restrain O dul-ba; )un-pa; to be restrain- ed dog-par O gyur-ba. Restrict vb. *skar-tdg tan-ce* W. Retain skyil-ba, ^egs-pa 94, sayon-ba 119. Retaliation rnam(-par) smin(-pd)- Ian 543. Retinue Jcoi', Jcor-yyog, Jcor- dab\ zabs- pyi, slas. Retribution bras-bu4QQ, la-yogs 541; ^aw; doctrine of bgo-sMl 89. Return vb. a. Ian byed-pa, Ian ojal-ba; to an answer glon-pa', vb.n. O kar-ba, log- pa, fyir ^ro-ba. Revenge s. dugs, Ian; to take *dug* or *lan kor-ce* W. Revere mos-pa. Reverence sku-rim, gus-pa, bsnyen-bkur, bag-yod(-pa), ze-sa. Reverend (title) rje-btsun, btsun-pa, dbu- rje. Reverse s (side opposite) rgyab-Ugs; (con- trary) zlas-pye-ba; bzlog, go-ldog, go-log. Revile vb. a. smad-pa, yse-ba. Revise vb. a. sgyur-ba, Ita-ba. Revision zal-ta 473. Revolt vb. gyab-log byed-pa, no-log byed- pa. Revolver *ran-bar dug-rag* W. 523. Reward s. n'tan-pa, sug; vb. rnan-pa. Rheumatism grum-bu, grum-ndd; yrum- pa W., *zer-ne'* C. Rhododendron ba-lu, da-li. Rhubarb cu-cu, la-cu. Rhyming adj. zun-lddn. Rib rtsib(s)^ma. Ribbon O cih-ba, leb-ma. Rice Jbras; boiled Jbras-cdn; parched O bras-yos. ^ Rich adj. pyug-po; in rgyas-pa, O dzom- po. Riches s. dkor, nor, dbyig(s), O byor-pa. Rick p'ub-rags. Riddle s. (enigma) Idem-po. Ride vb. (on horseback) rta-la zon-te ^gro-ba; (in a carriage) sin-ta-la zon-te ^gro-ba. Riding-beast bzon-pa. Right adj. (right-hand) yyas - pa; (not wrong) dran-po, ^os-pa; all right! fsan- grig; measure cag-fsad; to be ^rig- pa, ran-pa. Right s. /trims 50. Righteous cos-drai'i-po. Rim fcyud-mo. Rind kog-pa. Ring s. 'a-lon; dove ku-hu; worm Ke. Ring vb. a. (a bell etc.) Jtrol-ba. Rinse bsal-ba. Ripe adj. smin-pa. Rise vb.n. (to get up) Idan-ba, laii-ba, kar or ker-lan-ba, resp. bzehs-pa; (as the sun) Q car-ba; (in the air) O pag-pa; (to come forth) O bur-ba } Jbyun-ba. Risk s. nyen, bar- cod. Risk vb.a. skyel-ba, sdo-ba, blos-ytoti-ba38o. Rival s. ^ran-zla. River cu, Jbab-cu, cu-klun, cu-bo, ytsan- po 433. Rivet s. Jbrel-mfsams. Rivulet cu-pran. Road lam, sul, sul-ldm, ^gro-sa; book lam-yig. Roam Jcor-ba, O pyo-ba, ^grim-pa, yar-ba. Roar vb. n. Krog-pa, nu-ba, Idir-ba, iia-ro sgrog-pa. Roar, Roaring s. na-ro, nar-8kad^vr49&- Roast vb. a. r/tod-pa, sreg-pa. Roast- flour rtsam-pa. Rob rku-ba, O prog-pa, *kog-te Kyer-ce* W. Robber mi-ser. Robbery corns, bcom-pa. Rock s. brag; salt rdo-fsica. Rock vb. n. Jcyom-pa, dpyan-ba; vb.a. dpyan-la yton-ba 328. Rod Icag, Icug-ma, dbyug-gu. Roll s. aril, Kor-lo; paper soq-sgnl, sog- ril W. Roll Save 655 Roll vb. a. sgril-ba, sgre-ba; to one's self Jtri-ba, jfre-ba; vb. n. Idir-ba; the roll- ing of thunder Idi-ri-rl. Roof s. fog. Room s. (apartment) Kan-pa, tian-bu, fcan- mig, nan-miff C. W.; (space) gu, go; to find v. O gro-ba, son-ba. Root s. ba-fag W.\ rtsa-ba, rtsad. Root up vb. a. rtsad-nas y cod-pa. Rope sgrogs, fag pa. Rosary O pren-ba. Rose se-ba, yse-ba, bse-ba. Rose-coloured dkar-rgyd. Rot vb. n. O drul-ba, rul-ba. Rouge skeg-fsos. Rough gyon-po, rtsub-po, rags-pa, rtsin-ba. Roughness iiad 126. Round adj. kor-kor; kyir-kyir W.\ gor-mo, sgor-mo; zlum-pa; ril-ba; to make sgon-ba; to be made O gril-ba. Round about adv. kun-nas, pyogs bzir. Round s., the of transmigration Jcor- ba 58. Rouse dkrog-pa; *san skul-ce*W. 23. Rove O grim-pa, rgyu-ba. Row vb. skya rgyab-pa. Row s. (series) gral, rim-pa. Row s. (fray) O fab-mo, O dzin-mo. Royal rgyal-poi; family rgyal-rigs; residence rgyal-sa. Rub vb. bdar-ba, O drud-pa. Rubbish gal-ro, rdo-ro, sa-ro W. Ruby pad-ma-ra-ga. Rudder tieya*n$ug. Rude Jtob; rf*i/'t-/>(t\ -po. Ruin vb. a. ^gud-pa,', to be ruined jig-pa. Ruinous goa-po. Ruins s., a house in fcat'i-rn/, l, : dii-gog. Rule s. (regulation) /,r/w.s ~>\ ; (special di- rection) spyad-mfsdms 456. Rule vb. a. ^god-pa, dban sgyur-ba or byed- pa. Ruler (governor) miia-bdaa: dbah-po ; srid\ (instrument) fig-siii. Rumination (che wing the cud) skyiig-lddd. Rumour s. qrag-pa, rtam, bsod-pa'*zer- ke'* C.; fsvr-lo W. Rump byafi-Kog. Run vb. rgyug-pa, O cor-ba- to about Kyam-pa\ to (flow) off rdol-ba; to a race dkyu-ba. Rupee dhul; kyir-mo Ld , gir-mo (>8, gor- mo W.; Tibetan *co-tdn* C. 145. Rupture cag-cdd. Rush s. (reed) snyug-ma. Rush vb. Krog-pa, rgyug-pa. Russia rgya-ser. Russian s. rgya-ser-pa. Rust s. btsa, yya, Icags-yya. Rut (track) mal, sul. Sable s. bka-blon si'am W., brag-sram W. Sack s. pad. Sacrament dam-bca'%ti. Sacred dag-pa. Sacrifice vb. a. mcod-pa 166. Sacrificial, ceremony sku-rim 22; feast mcod-ston. Saddle s. sga, rta-sga\ cloth ka-U, sga- Ms; - girth glo W. Saddle vb. a. sgabstad-pa, resp. cibs-sga bstad-pa. Safe adj. brtan-pa, btsan-po. Saffron gur-kum; tca-ce-skyes 36- Saiga-antelope rgya-ra. Sail s. dar, yyor-mo. Sail vb. gru-la zon-te lam-du O gro-ba; v. also rgal-ba 103. Saint grub-tob 78; skyes-bu dam -pa 31; rnal- byor-pa 315- Sake, for the ofpyir 351. Sal ammoniac rgya-fsd\ fsa-tse C. Salary pogs. Salt s. fsu-a, lan-fswa; vb.a. fswa O debs-pa. Saltpetre ze-fswa, so-ra. Salutation pyag. Salute vb.a. pyag O fsal-ba, Jwl-ba or byed-pa. Same adj. nyid; at the time ycig-car\ of the Kind ycig-pa, ycig-ycig W.; one and the ycig; the very de-Ko-na, de- ka ; de ran, de-ka ran. Sample bkod-pa. Sanctuary m cod-ynas. Sand bye-ma. Sandal- tree tsan-dan. Sanskrit na-ga-ri. Sap s. bcud, tfu-ba. Satiate ^ran-ba. Satisfaction skan-yso. Satisfied fsim-pa. Satisfy vb.a. v.gra/i-baW. v. /io///-/al30. Saturday. Saturn yza-spen-pa. Sauce skyu-rum, spags. Sausage sgyu-ma. Save vb.a. (deliver) skyabs byed-pa, sh/oii- ba, sgrol-ba, skyob-pa, O pans-pa, *ntti-fxt; (lay up) sri-ba 581, pan-ba 340; to be d far-ba 230. 656 Saviour Set Saviour skyabs-mgon 26; srog-skyob W. Savour s. bro-ba. Saw s. sog-leC., cad- or rgya-sogW.; vb. a. ''<< i d-sog srul-ce* W. Say sgo-ba, resp. mol-ba W.; smra-ba, zcr- ba, bsad-pa, resp. ysuh-ba; bka-rtsol-ba; he says, he said na-re 300; to nothing of (let alone) Ita ci smos. Scale s. (of a fish) krab; (of a balance) Ku- le; (for measuring) skar-fsdd; pair of scales sran. Scale off vb. n. gog-pa. Scar s. rmai r)es, or sul, or mal Scarce adj. dkon-pa. Scarf ska-rags ; of salutation Ka-btdgs 37. Scatter vb. a. O grems-pa, ytor-ba; to be scattered O for-ba. Scene gron-Kyer, Itad-mo; v. glen-yzi. Scenery sna/t-fsul. Scent s. (odour) nad, dri-bsun. Scholar (pupil) gnva-pa, slob -ma, slob- bans, slob-prug, Krid-prug, mKan-bu, rgyud-pa ; (man of letters) mkas-po. School s.grwa, slob-arwd, cos-gra; boy gnoa-pruffi house grwa-kan ; master grwa-dpon; room bsad-grwd; table Science rig^pa; sciences ytsug-ldg. Scientific, work bstan-bcos. Scissors can-pa 155, cem-tse C., gnm-tse Sik. Sclerotic of the eye gans. Scold vb. bka-bkyon-pa, spyo-ba. Scoop s. skyogs; vb. a. O cu-ba. Scope ^gro-sa, spyod-yul. Scorn vb. fo- fsam-pa. Scrap cag-dum. Scrape vb. Jbr ad-pa, O dr ad-pa. Scratch vb. spar-mos Jbr ad-pa. Scream vb. sgrog-pa. Screaming s. skad-ndn, skad-log. Screw s. ycu-ba. Scripture, Holy scripture, ysun-rdb, ysun- Scrotum rlig-bu, rlig-subs. Scruple s. rtog-pa, rnam-rtog. Scullion ma-y yog, fab-yyog. Sculpture brkos-ma. Sea rgya-mfso', captain ded-dpon', monster cu-srin. Seal s. (stamp) rgya, resp. pyag-rgyd; fe- mo, col. fe-tse; dam-Ka, resp. pyag-ddm; vb. a. dam-Ka brgyab-pa. Sealing-wax la-ca. Seam s. mfa-ma, sne-mo, fsem^-po). Search vb. O fsol-ba, yzig-pa; to into sar- or fsar-y cod-pa. Season dus 255, *nam-da, nam-la* 304. Seat s. Icri, rten, yzi-ma 480- Seclusion dben-pa, dben-ynas^&. Secrecy Ikog. Secret s. and adj. ysaii-ba. Secretary yig-mfi'on\ bka-dnin C. Sect cos-lugs, lugs. Section Icag, skabs, skor, rnam-pa, bo.ni- po, dbye-ba; yan-lag. Sedan-chair Jtyogs , Kyogs - dpi/an , peb- dpyan C. Sediment snyigs-pa, fsigs-ma, ro. Seduce rnod-pa, slu-ba. Seducer mi-dgei bses-nyen. See vb. mfon-ba, resp. yzigs-pa; to be seen snan- ba. Seed s. sa-bon. Seek O fsol-ba. Seize ^jug-pa, O fam-pa, O fogs-pa, Q dzin-pa, len-pa, resp. bzes-pa. Seizure O dzin. Select vb. O dam-pa, O byed-pa. Self -ho 129, nos, nyid, bdag, ran, I myself ned-ran 128, na-rah 522; dependant ran-dban. Selfish dnos- dzin can', to be nos O dzin- pa. Selfishness dnos- dzin, ran- dod. Sell O fson-ba; to be sold Q gyag-pa, O grim- paW. Send skur-ba, O tcal-ba, mnag-pa, ytoit-ba, rdzon-ba, zlog-pa; to for O gugs-pa; to forth Jbyin-pa; to word sprin-ba. Senior (elder) rgad-po. Sense s. (intellectual power) blo-gros 385, dban-po 387; (meaning) dgons-pa 87, don 258. Sensible fsul-mfun. Sentence zal-ce; to pass zal-ce ycod- pa\ fag-cod-^pa byed-pa. Sentiment bio 384; false Ita-log 217. Sentinel mel-fse, bya-ra. Separate vb. a. dgar-ba; vb. n. O gol-ba, O gye-ba, O pral-ba; so-s6 byed-pa; to be separated O bral-ba. Separate adj. sgos; so-so. Separation gud 69- Sepulchre ban-so. Series gral, gras, rim-pa. Serpent sbml; demon klu 8. Serrated con-con. Serum cu-ser. Servant yyog-po, yyog-mo; Kol-po, fcol-mo; bran-po, bran-mo; bran-K6l; mi-lag; zabs- f, mhag-yzug; your servant! da cen zu 152. Serv e vb. zal-ta byed-pa; to up O dren-pa. Service zabs-fog 472; at your 'o/l-le, >aW. Sesame til; oil til-mar. Set vb. a. to about rtsom-pa. cos-pa: to at pyo-pyo; to forth rjod-pa; to in order ^god-pa, ytan-la O bebs-pa; vb. n. Settle Simultaneously 657 to (of the sun) nub-pa, skyod-pa W.', to out (depart) cas-pa. Settle vb. a., to a business go cod-pa; vb. n. O fsugs-pa 459. Settled adj. (decided) zad-pa; (at an end) zin-pa, rdzogs-pa. Settlement (colony) babs-sa. Seven num. bdun; seventh bdun-pa ; seven- teen bcu-bdun; seventeenth bcu-bdun-pa] seventy bdun-cu; seventieth bdun-cu-pa. Several fca-cig, ^a, mi- dra-ba. Severe ynyan-pa, drag-pa. Severity nad W. Sew O fsem-pa. Sex rten no. 4, 213. Sexual rten-gyi. Shackle s. Icags, Icags-sgrog. Shade s. grib. Shadow s. grib-ma. Shake vb. a. skyod-pa, skyom-pa, sgul-ba, sprug-pa', vb. n. c gul-ba, Icogs-pa. Sham, to perform a work bcos-su byed- pa. Shame s. Krel, no-fsa, bag-yod(-pa) 364, zabs- dren 472 ; it is a - ! Krel-ba yod W. (*fel-wa yod*}. Shamefaced no-fsa-can. Shameless Jcrel-med', fio-fsa-med-pa. Shape s. dbyibs, yzugs, cas, bkod-pa. Share vb. bgod-pa; s. bgo-skal, skal-ba', ca, ca-sds. Sharer go-Kan W. Sharp adj. (not blunt) rno-ba; (to the taste) fsa-ba; ber-can. Sharpness (of an edge) I'a IV, no. 5, 35- Sharpsightedness mig-sdl W. Shave Jbreg-pa, bzar-ba. Shawl do-sa-ld. She pron. /Jo, fcon 41, de 255. Sheaf lag-kod. Shears v. can-pa 155. Sheath s. subs. Shed s. (slight building) bkad-sa 12- Shed vb.a. Idug-pa, blug-pa; (tears) bsil-ba. Sheep lug-, flock of lug-fyu\ fold lug- rd. Sheet of paper gre-ga C., sog-bu ; sog-gdn W. Shelf slati-Jca. Shell s. (husk) kog-pa, gan-bu, lgan-bu\ (mollusk) dun 253, O gron-bu 102; vb. a. bgrud-pa. Shell-lac rgya-skyegs. Shelter s. skyibs; sky abs-ynds \yyam', car- sky ibs. Shepherd lug-pa. Shield s. pa-li, pub. Shift vb. n. O po-ba. Shine vb. n. car-ba, Q fser-ba, snan-ba; s. Shining (bright) cem-mc-ba. lcam-me-ba: t Krol-Krol W. Ship s. gru, gm-bo, yzins\ master grn- Shirt s. mgo-kdr Ld. [dpon. Shiver vb. O gul-ba. Shoe s. lham\ soft ba-bu; of plaited straw bu-la; strap Iham-sgroij. Shoot s. lcug-ma', vb. n. Jci~un-ba', vb.a. O pen-pa. S h o o t i n g - s t a r kc-tu, skar-mdd. Shore ^ram, skam-sa. Short fun~ba\ in sgi'U-bas 120, mdor-na 273; cf. also zur-tsam 489. Shortsighted mig-rgyait-fuh. Shoulder s. dpun-pa, prag-pa', blade Shout vb. ^grogs-pa, sgrog-pa. Shovel s. Kyem; coal me-skyogs. Show vb. a. ston-pa, nom-pa, sdigs-pa. Showman Itad-mo-mkan. Shrewd mKas-pa. Shrine rten. Shrink vb. n. (to be contracted) O kum-pa, (to recoil) O dzem-pa, cum-pa. Shriveled, Shrunk, /turns-pa. Shudder vb yya-ba. Shun spon-ba, O dzem-pa. Shut vb.a. (a door) Q gegs-pa; (the eyes) O dzum-pa; to off or out Kegs-pa- to up skyil-ba, sgyofi-ba. Shuttle don-po. Shy vb. n. (of horses) O drog-pa. Shy adj. O drog-can. Sick nad-pa; v. also yi-ga cus 508. Sickle zoi'-ba, rgya-zor. Sickly nad-bu-can. Side s. logs, no, nos, nogs, O dabs, rol 536, Kud-ma; (of the body) dku, yzogs, gloy O gram, (direction) pyogs 352. Sieve Icags-fsags. Sigh s. Kog-sugs W., sugs-ndr, wuj*-rh'i. Sight If ad-mo, snan-ba, mfon-sndn. Sign s. rgya, resp. pyag-rgya-, mfsan-ma, mfsan-nyid, rgyu-mfsan; rtags] brda 297. Signature rgya-rtags. Signification don. Signify v.yin-pablQ. Sikim O bras-l)6ns. Silence cem-me-ba. Silent, to be Ka-rog-pa\ can mi sun-a- ba. Silk dar, gos; cloth za-^6g\ thread gos-skud; silks gos-cn, col. go-sn. Silk- worm dar-srin. Silver s. dnul', in bars gag. Similar O dra-ba ; * fsogs-se* W. Similitude dpe. Simple rk'yau-pa. Simultaneously ytig-car. 42 658 Sin Soldier Sin s. sdig-pa, nyes-pa, nyon-mons-pa skyon, sgrib-pa; heinous rme-ba 425; deadly mfsanis-med-pa 455. Since adv. (ever since) bzuns-te; conj. pas. Sincere dran-po. Sinew cu-ba. Sinful sdig-can, skyon-can. Sing glu len-pa. Singed, Singeing me-yzob. Single adj. (separate) ycig-ka, ycig-pu\^\ nyag-ma,rkyah-pa\ (unmarried) /cyo-med; cun-ma-med; combat Jerug-pa, dziti-mo. Sink vb. n. rgud-pa, nub-pa. Jbyin-ba. Sinner sdig-po, sgrib-pa. Sir ytso-bo 434; sa-heb, col. sab 571; 'a-^o 603; dear Sir bzin-bzdu 483- Sister srin-mo, meed, resp. Icam-mo; elder 'a-ce 603; younger nu-mo 305. Sit sdod-pa, resp. bzugs-pa; O dug-pa, Jtod- pa\ sitting cross-legged skyil-krun 27. Site mal. Situated, to be towards Ita-ba. Situation ynas-skabs. Six num. drug, sixth drug-pa\ sixteen bcu- drug, sixteenth bcu-drug-pa', sixty drug- cu, sixtieth drug-cu-pa. Size ce-kyad, ce-cun, fsad, bon, /cyon, rgya. Skeleton ken-rus. Sketch s. bkod-pa; zur team bsdu-ba 489- Skilful mKas-pa, sgrin-po, fabs-ses-pa; fobs-can W.; skyen-pa, spyan-po. Skill sgyu-rtsdl. Skin s. pags-pa, ko-ba. Skirt s. gos-sgab^ gos-mfa, fu-ba. Skull fod-pa. Sky nam-mtfa, ynam. Slab span, yya-ma. Slacken vb. a. glod-pa. Slackened adj. Ihod-pa, Ihod-po. Slander s. pra-ma, smad-sgra. Slander vb. pra-ma byed-pa, or smra-ba, or ojug-pa, resp. ysol-ba, zu-ba. Slanderer pra-ma-mkan, Slanting yo-ba, yon-po. Slate yya-ma. Slaughter s. ysod-ycod; vb.a. ysod-pa, ske ycod-pa, resp. ^gom-pa. Slave s. bran, mnag-yzug. Sleep s. ynyid, resp. mnal. Sleep vb. nyal-ba, ynyid-log-pa, resp. yzim-pa. Sleeping-room yzim-Kan. Sleet s. fca-ma-cdr. Sleeve pu-dun. Slender kyan-po-, kyah-kyan rin-mo W. Slide vb.n. O dred-pa. Slight adj. pra-ba. Slight vb. a. O gyin-ba, O gyin-bag byed-pa', co - O dri-ba. Sling s. sgu-rdo; stone rdo-yyiig. Slip in vb. n. O fcnl-ba, O kyud-pa, O dzul-ba. Slope s. gud, nogs. Sloping gyin-mo W. Slow bul-po, dal-ba; (irresolute) *lo-sna man-ba; lo-sna rin-mo* W. Slowly nan-gis, gul-gul; gu-leW.. ga-le C. Slowness dal-ba, dal-bu. Smack vb. lla brdab-pa; dkan-sgra Q debs- pa W. Small cun-ba, cun-tse W.; pra-ba. Small-pox O brum-nad. Smart adj. (gaily dressed) mam-^gyur- can; yzab-mo, yzab-sprod\ mcor-po. Smash y cog-pa, rdun-ba. Smear skud-pa, O byug-pa. Smell s. bsun; vb. a. snom-pa; vb. n. mnam-pa. Smile s. O dzum, vb. n. O dzum-pa. Smith mc/ar-ba. Smoke s. dud-pa; vb.a. (tobacco) O fun-ba. Smooth adj. ^jam-pa. Smooth vb. a. dbur-ba, ^ur-ba, ^ur-ba. Smoothing-iron Icags-bsro. Smuggle pag-fson byed-pa. Smut s. sre-nag\ sre-mog W. Snail skyogs-lto-bu', clover ^ol. Snake sbrul, O bu-riti, lto- gro. Snap s. (with the fingers) skad-eig 19. Snare s. rnyi, snyi. Snatch vb. O gog-pa. Sneak vb. jab-pa. Sneeze vb. sbrid-pa. Snipe skyar-po, cu-skyar; tin-ti-lin Ld. Snivel s. snobs. Snore vb. nug-pa, snur-ba. Snow s. k'a-ba, gahs; ball k'a-gon', bridge rud-zam; fall O bab; leopard ysa. bsa\ shoe dkyar; slip Ka-riid', storm k'a-fsub, rlun-fsub, bu-yug. Snuff s. sna- ddg W. S o ces 142, de-ltar 256, O di-ltar 275, de-bzin- du 256, de- dras 282; just de-ka-ltar 255; so as tsam 430; so that tsam-du\ so then yan 505. Soak sbon-ba. Soap s. glan-gldd C., sa-bon W. Soar Idin-ba, O pyo-ba. Sobs, nud-mo. So cage jn-lag 499. Society, human fsogs 451. Socket of the eye mig-Kun. Sod skan-sa. Soda bul. Soft ^am-pa, mnyen-pa, snyi-ba, O bol-po. Softly ga-le C., gu-le W. Soil s. sa-yzi. Soil vb. bsgo-ba. Solder k'ro-cus sdom-pa; *kar-ya dan zar- ce*W. Soldier dmag-mi. Sole Spring up 659 Sole of the foot rkan-mfil. Sole adj. ycig, j'cig-pu 144. Solely Ko-na, Jba-zig. Solid adj. (not hollow) kon-gan, gar-bu, pu-ri -ined-Kan W.; (not liquid) rens-pa; (firm) m/crari, O cag-can W., sra-ba. Solitary adj. dben-pa; place dgon-pa. Solitude dben-pa, Jbrog, gud. Some Ka-cig, ga-cen, ga-sas, gan-zig, ^ga, res- c ga; ci yton W., cig, cun-zig; ca-lam; re-zig; la-Id. Somebody, some one, ycig, ycig-cig. Somerset ma-ldg. Something ci ziy; ci-yton W. Somnambulism ynyid-rdol. Son bu, bu-po, bu-fsa W., resp. s; f s; in- law mag-pa; of man mii bu, mii-sras. Song glu, mgur, dbyans. Sonorous sgra-can, sgra-ldan. Soon sna, mgyogs-pa', myur-du; as as ma- Had , ma fag-tu 227, tsam-gyis 431; sooner or later sna-pyi. Soot dreg-pa, sre-ndg. Soothe zi-bar byed-pa. Soothsayer ca-mKan, rtsis-pa, mfsan- mk'an. Sorcerer O gon-po, 5a-po; sorceress O ba-mo. Sorcery rnam-prul, pra-men; to practise spi"ul-ba, rol-ba. Sorrel adj. tfam-pa. Sorrow s. Koii-Jli'ugs, col. *Kog-fiig*. Sorrowful mi dga-ba. Sorry kon-du cud-pa, mi dga-ba, bio mi bde-ba, sems skyo-mo. Sort s. Ky ad-par, sna, rigs; of what ci Ita-bu. Soul nyams, resp. fugs-nydms, dgons-pa; rgyud; rnam-ses, sems. Sound s s&ad, Krol; sgra, sgra-skdd. Sound vb.n. Rrol-ba, Q grags-pa; vb.a. sgra Sound adj. rem-pa, bde-ba. \sgrog-pa. Soup fug-pa. Sour adj. skyur-ba, skyur-po C., skyur-mo Source cu-mig, cu-mgo; Kuns, O go-ma. South Iho. Sovereign s. dban-po. Sow s. pag-mo\ thistle Kal-pa. Sow vb. a. sa-bon O debs-pa. Space gu, go. Spade lcags-tfyem. Span s. mfo. Spare vb. pan-ba. Spark me-ltdg, me-fsdg. Sparkle Jcol-ba W., sag-sag zer-ba C. Sparrow bya-po skya-bo W.; hawk Afm, mcil-Vra. Spasm rtsa-cus OT- dus; O cin-ba C. Spawn s. sgo-rta, sgon. Speak smra-ba, resp. bka-stsol-ba; mol-ba W.; lab-pa, resp. ysun-ba, zer-ba. Spear s. mJtt/'t. Specimen v. pud^M. Speck rmc-ba, sme-ba. Spectacles sd-mig; snow *mig-dd*. Spectator Itad-mo-pa. Speech skad, nag, ytam, fsig, brjod, resp. bka, resp. ysun ; dpe-sgra W. Speed, good -! *fam-pa co* W. Speedily myur-du, nye-bar. Speedy mgyogs-pa, mgyogs-rins W. ; myur- ba, rins-pa. Spell s. yzuns, yzuns-snags. Spend skyag-pa, cud yzon-pa; to be spout ca-ba, O gro-ba, O gyag-pa, O tsar-ba, O dzad- ^pa. Sphere dkyU'-Jfor n; gron 79, nan 126; of activity spyod-yul. Spice sdw, spod; fsan-te W. Spider fags-gra- bu, Jbag-rdg. Spin O kal-ba, Kel-ba. Spindle pan. Spirit sems, sems-nyid; kun-yzi 4; evil ydon 267, ^on-po 95. Spirited hur-po. Spit vb. fu gyab-ce W., fo-le O debs-pa W. Spittle mcil-ma, resp. zal-cab. Spleen (milt) mcer-pa. Splendid ^od-can, grags-can. Splendour rnam-pa, diiom-pa, rnom- brjid, br)id, dpal, oyin, zil,yzi, yzi-l>rjircn-ba, fa-(/u. Strip vb. m-ba, yos O bud-j>/, y/',. Superintend zal-ta l>i/<(l-j>a. Superintendence do-. Superior adj. Ihjad, yon-ma, rgyal-ba, bla, rab ; s. goii-ma, bla-ma. Supernumerary adj. O feb. Supine adj. gan-kydl. Supper dyoiis-zas', Lord's ysol-ras 592. Supple mny en-pa. Supplement /'//-*/.;//, >j ( m-l-/<>: s. rten-pa, ryyab-rten. Supposition vzs\>.bsam-pa,snan-b o9 e d s -p a v Sure yor-ina-ccig, eleg. gvr-mu-bl'lnn 7:;; btsan-po 434; to be sure! *ti , ;////-;//// ( .. :////-:,>. Swifl adj. skyen-pa, mym--l>n. // >s-pa. Swim rkyal-ba, O pyo-ba. Swine pag. Swing vb. a. dbyuy-pa, y yob-pa. Switch s. Icag. Swoon vb. n. brgyal-ba. Sword ral-gri. Syllable sgra 119, fseg-bar 450. Symbol rtcn 213. Symmetry dpe-byad, by ad. Symptom mfsan(-ma), rtags. Synonym ikad-dddftfo. Syphilis i>en-pa, dbyug-pa; Q bor-ba C.\ to down O bud-pa, Jbebs-pa; to off spon-ba. Thumb s. fe-bo, mfe-bo. Thunder s. Jbrug, Jbrug-skdd, Jbrug-sgrd. Thunderbolt fog, Ice, rdo-rje, ynam-lcags. Thursday yza-pur-bu. Thus de-ltar, O di-ltar, de-bzin-du, de- dras C., de-tsug W. Thwart (frustrate) sgyel-ba. Tiara cod-pan. Tibet bod. Tibetan m. bod-pa, f. bod-mo; language bod-skad; printing-characters dbu-can 388; current handwriting dbu-med. Tick s. lug-sig. Tickle vb. *ki-tsi kug-ce* W.; gug-pa W. Tide s. dus-rldbs. Tidings prin ; glad ytam-snydn ; (gospel) pnn bzan-po. Tie s. O cin-ba, vb. a. O cin-ba, Jcyig-pa. Tiger stag. Tight dam-po, fan-po. Till, until bar-du 366, fug C.; fsug-paW. Till vb. a. O dul-ba. Time s. dus, fse, skabs; (while) yun\ time, times lan\ one , once lan-ycig', ten lan-bcu; point of , proper for bsgan 124. Timid jigs-pa, jigs-mK'an, O jigs-pa-ban\ sems-cun-ba. Tin s. za-nye dkar-po, za-dkdr, dkar-ya; - plate ta-li W. Tinder-box Icugs-m ag. Tire vb. a. nal Jug^pa. Tired dub-pa; to be t/t//>-jxr. xkyo- Tithe s. cu-/, : dy W. Title s. mfsan; (claim) fob-srol. To prep, mdun 273, Jni/t-dti, r<-sp. drun-du -_>i;;;. /-/.sv//- I:;T, gan-du 66. Tobacco fa-ma-tfa; pipe gaii-zdg, zal- zdg. To-day de-rin C., O di-rih W. Toe rkan-sot", sor-mo; the big //s, /nal. Track s. rjcs, sul. Trackless rjes-med. Tractable srab-Ka dul-mo. Trade s. fso/i, bzo. Tradesman Ice-pa. Trading-place las-sgo. Traffic s. /*"/>. Train vb. a. sbyoh-ba\ to up skyed-*ri/'i- ba. Trample vb.a. rdzi-ba, rdog-pas rduit-ba. Tranquil zi-ba. Tranquillity -ml- ba 336; to be transformed into O gi/"i'-b, ^u-cag. We pron. na 124, na-cag, ned, ned-ran, nos, Weak Word 667 Weak adj. zan-pa, sed-med, sed-cun, hal- med W.; nyams-cun, ^am-po W. Weal (mark) col. nya. Wealth nor, dkor, pyug-Kydd, dbyig(&), byor-pa, lons-spyod 554. Weapon mfson. Wear vb. a. gyon-pa, bgo-ba. Weariness nal-ba, ^o-brgydl. Weary adj., to be skyo-ba, sun-pa. Weary vb. a. nal ^ug-pa; to be wearied nal-ba. Weather, clear ynam dan-ba, ynam dwans, ynam fan; dry fan-pa 229. Weave vb. a. O fag-pa. Weaver fa-ga-pa. Wedge s. ka-ru. Wednesday yza-lhay-ma. Weed s. rtsa-nan. Weeding (the act of) yur-ma. Week bdun-prdg. Weep nu-ba, sum-pa. Weft spun. Weigh vb. a. jal-ba, Q degs-pa, yzal-ba, ysor-ba. Weight rdo 286, sran 580. Welcome, you are ^ons-pa legs-so 501. Welfare bde-ba, bde- jdgs. Well s. Hron-pa, cu-don, O byun-Kuns, cu- miy. Wei 1 adj., are you ? de-mo ' yo C. ; adv. < o-wd 500; very de-ltar O fsal-lo ; well, well! yag-po yag-po; sounding snyan- pa; tasted zim-po. Wen Iba-ba. Went, I went son 579. West nub. Wet adj. rlon-pa, yser-ba; s. rlan. Wether fon-pa. Wh at interr. ci 139, gan 65, ci-ltar 140, ji 172. Whatever ci-yan', it may be ciyanrun 532. Wheat gro\ flour bag-pye. Wheel s. Jior-lo; paddle sku^u. When Ka-ru, Kar- cih', interr. nam, dus- nam-zig 303. Where ga-na, ga-ru, gar; is? ga-re. Whetstone Q dzen. Which interr. gan 65. While s. yun-, a little fen, dar-ftig, re ziy (dus}\ a long rin ziy-tu. Whilst la 540, las 546. Whip s. Icay, rta-lcag. Whirl vb. n. O fsub-pa. Whirlpool ytsuy, ytsuy-Jfyil. Whirlwind O dre-pu-fsub W. Whisper s. sab-sub; vb. sub-pa, sib-pa. Whistle vb. sugs-sgra yton-ba; v. also hu- hu 597. White adj. dkar-ba; wash dkar-rtsi. Whither ga-rii, ga-la 64, gar \\~. Who interr. gan 65, su 573. Whole adj. fams-cdd 230 ; foait-in liril-po', s. ril-po. Wholly yoits-su. Why interr. '/, //-/// 1 ID. /// /'////> ;^5l; ga-la rten-nas 214; interj. ^o-nd 500. Wick s. snyin-po, sdori-ras C., sar W. Wicked adj. cos-med, sdig-j>n-lii -mo, Kyim-pa-ma 47. Wild adj. rgod-pa, ynyan-pa. Wilderness dgon pa, O brog. Will s. bsam-pa, fugs, resp. 'fugs-dyons. Willing, to be - O dod-pa. Willow ttan-ma. Wind s. rdzi, rlun; cold ~ lhag(s)-pa. Wind vb.a. dkri-ba, Jh'i-ba, Jcyil-ba, sgril- 6a; vb. n. Jcril-ba. Window rgyal-dkar C.; hole dhir-kiu'i. Windpipe kru-kru W. , Ikog-ma. Wine rgun-can, resp. ryun-skycms\ cait. Wing s. sog-pa, O dao-ma. Wink vb. n. mig Krab-Krdb or fsab-fsdb or O dzum- dzum byed-pa. Winter s. dgun, dgun-ka. Wipe vb. a. O pyi-ba\ to be wiped off Q byi- ba. Wire Icays-skud. Wisdom ye-ses, ses-rdb. Wise adj. mKas-pa, yrun-ba, mdzaiis-pa. Wish s. O dod-pa, yid-smon\ resp. dgons-pa, bzed-don; vb. a. O dod-pa, smon-pa, O fsal- ba, bzed-pa. Witchcraft mfu, pra-mcn. With dan 248, mnyam-du 195, bcas-su. Withdraw vb.a. ycod-pa, mi ster-ba ; vb. n. O gye~ba. Wither vb. n.myid-pa. Within fsun-cdd. Without prep. rned-pa(i'} 418. Witness s. dpan(-po). Wolf spyan-ki. Woman bud-med, mo, 'a-nc W. Womb mnal 132, bu-snod^Vd, rum. Wonder s. ya-mfsan. Wonderful nyams-mfsar-ba, no-mfsar-l>d ; ya-mfsan-po C., ya-mfsan-can W. Wont, Wonted adj. goms-pa. Wood (forest) nags(-ma) y fsal; (timlii'r) .s///; shavings xin-zcl. Woodpecker sin-rgon. Woof spun. Wool bal Word fsif/, min, sgra, nag 125; resp. bka. 668 Work Zodiac Work s. bya-ba, bzo, las, resp. prin-las; vb. a. las byed-pa. Workman las-pa, las-mi. Workmanship bzo 497. Wo r km aster lay-dpon. Workshop bzo-k'an. World sjig-i'ten, srid-pa 582. Worldliness ^ig-rten Q di-la cags-pai sems" v. bya-ba. Worm O bu, srin-bu, nyal-^ro. Worn out cad-po. Worst, to get the of O pam-pa. Worth s. Jcos, 9n-> ^X fan. Worth adj. ri-ba. Worthless rin-med. Worthy ysa, ysa-ma; to be ^os-pa. Wound s. rma, rma-Ha W. Wrap vb. a. dkri-ba; to round sgril-ba; to up Q dril-ba. Wrath Kro-ba, ze-sdan. Wrest vb. a. snol-ba. Wrestle vb. n. snol-ba. Wretched sdug-po', nyal-ba-can W. Wring O fsir-ba. Wrinkle s. ynyer-ma. Wrist lag-fsigs. Write O bri-ba. Wrong adj. mi-rigs-pa, log-pa, mi-^os-pa; ^os-med W. Wry adj. O cu-ba, O cus-pa 170. Yak yyag; male po-yydg; female - Jbri- mo; wild O bron. Yard (court-yard) kyams. Yarn snal-ma, sran-bu. Yawn vb. glal-ba, sgyih-ba 118. Yea ^o-nd 500. Year fo; this da-lo. Yeast pabs, rtsabs. Yellow sw-po. Yes ^o t de yin; 'a W.; yes, yes! de-ka yod 255; , so it is de-de-bzin-no. Yesterday Ka-rtsdn, mdan. Yet ^on kyan, yin kyan , yin na yan W.; gal-te. Yield vb. a. yton-ba\ vb. n. dan-du len-pa. Yoke of oxen glan-dor. Yonder pa-gi. You pron. tfyed, Jcyod 48, nyid 188- Young adj. yzon~pa, cun-ba; the youngest (son) fa-cun" s. prug. Youth s. (youthful age) lan-fso] (boy or young man) Kyeu, yzon-nu. Zeal rtsol-ba, brtson-^rus, O bad~pa, bag- cags. Zealous brtson- gi*us dan ldan-pa; to be , brtson-par byed-pa. Zealously rtsol-bar. Zero fig-le. Zinc ti-fsa. Zodiac Kyim-gyi Jcor-lo. Final remark. The Tibetan words, given in the Vocabulary, are not in every instance, to be regarded as exact equivalents for whatever word happens to be sought, but rather as hints, how to attain to the wished for expression. It will, therefore, be frequently in- dispensable to refer to the Tib. Engl. Dictionary for further explanation, and to examine the different bearings and relations of the word in question, so far as they may have been traced there. Although this Vocabulary is by no means complete in itself, yet it is to be hoped that it will not prove quite unuseful, but answer the purpose for which it was intended. CORRECTIONS. A revision of the Dictionary has brought such a number of misprints to light that, on second thoughts, it seems absolutely necessary not to leave them unnoticed, but to register all that are of any consequence. The unfortunate fact, that such corrections should be required, has to be ascribed to two circumstances, in regard to which the reader's indulgence has already been appealed to in the Preface, namely, the author's weak state of health, and the difficulties with which the printing of a book of this character is necessarily attended. p. page; a b the respective column, left or right; 1. line; when the lines are counted from foot of page, the numerals are provided with an asterisk. p. col. 1. 2 a 8 read ka-ma-la-si-la 2 b 17 ka-saju 3 b 3* to beckon 8 a 18 tad-kyi 9 b 21 dka-fub-la 15 a 9 16 a 19* ta-h-hlum-po rkan-Jbdm 16 b 7* 17 a 9* dig out affix denoting 17 a 19* 20 b 10* rkyan-pa frequently 21 a 6 skal-nor 21 b 2 n te 26 a 5 skyan 27 a 11* skyil-ldir 27 b 13* 28 a 6 skyur-mo yyan-skyur 28 a 15* re-born 28 b 19 kyer-men 31 b 16* lag-len 32 b 16 dele 2. to paste. 32 b 5* read skra-sen 33 a 5* K 33 b 7 dd-ru skrog-pa 33 b 12 caste 34 a 5 soft mouth 34 a 15* to lie on the face 35 b 2* tia-yddms 38 a 1 Ids-ka 38 a 10 Ld. 39 a 6 zas fcam ycig id. 2. 41 a 20 Kug-tu 41 a 4* ma-Kun 44 a 18 kog-pa nan-pa p. col. 1. 51 a 14* 52 b 24 54 b 13 56 b 5 67 76 b 77 b 78 79 a 81 a 84 b 85 b 15 20* 59 a 10* 59 b 20* 63 a 6* 65 a 24* 66 a 16* 66 a 14* 66 b 15 20 b 17* a 18 a 13* a 11 b 22* 18 11 86 b 11 read Knms-Kdn ,. Vd-pa* requisites Jco-byed Q Kyam-pa ^od-Jfyims = gan. 3. bald, W. ga- pi (v. spyi 333). ^on-ba de-ni gan-zdg- log-lta-can-gyi mdzod-liid gun-dum gydd-kyi gyi for kyi gyon-rgmi fab-grabs grog-cu mcod-rten -rtsed-mo stoop 87 19 mdo'j d(/e-sl6ri-ma a nun: dge-slob-ma etc. bstdn-pa-la 670 Corrections p. co]. 1. 89 b 2* read ces bgros-nas 92 a 4 55 'u-sog 95 a 11* 55 nan- 95 b 3 J5 o?ppr*r 95 b 21 55 establish 96 a 10* o gor 96 b 1 O gydg-pa 96 b 3 55 O gyan-ba 96 b 15 55 sel-gyi 98 a 14 O gyod-par 111 b 22 55 *ZTTJ* 112 a 20* ^> 1 tin~ne- dzin 113 b 7 _ na-fsa 121 a 20 bsgrub- 122 a 4 vide emendation p. XXII. 122 a 8* read IPK^O' 122 b 24* sgron-pa 128 a 4 55 ned-cag 128 b 4 de- dra-ba 128 b 6 55 O ci-ba 128 b 2* no dkdr-po 131 a 16*seqc 1 O dzin 132 1) 5* cis 132 b 3* mnon-no 135 a 4 Lex. 139 b 6 cii of what? 140 b 1 3^" 141 b 17 cun 143 a 20* 55 gallinaceous 146 b 10*, 8* *vcu* 147 b 23 55 *vcom-ldan - O dti* 158 a 17 55 cu-bitr 158 1) 14* the water; also = = 161 163 b b 10* 10* 55 55 dris-pas (instead cos-skad of 164 a 3* irreligious 165 b 18* 55 mce-ba 166 b 15 55 ^ 168 b 20* zd-ba 170 a 13 55 O cu-ba to draw etc. 170 a 22 55 vb. n. to jun-pa 170 b 2* 55 /cro-bo - col-pa 171 a 12 55 Lex. 176 b 24 55 J)ig-tdg 177 a 5 55 jin-Kun 184 b 10* 55 nyd-ra byed-pa 185 a 13* ^ dpon-qyi 186 b 4* 55 nyal-Kri 195 a 21 55 *mnye-ce*' P- col. 1. 200 a 13* read t^" 205 a 4 Cs. 219 b 7 ,, ma byed 226 a 11* _ 178,3. Was. (296): 2. 231 b 7 fig-skud 232 a 3* 55 zib-cu 233 b 18 Ld.-Glr., 233 b 23* 55 translates it 233 b 19* 55 *fun cad* W. 235 b 24 mi-feg Kur-ba 237 a 9* 55 rid- fog 237 b 15 55 spyi-fog 238 a 14* 55 fod 256 a 9 55 from thence 256 b 12 J! ^'W 259 b 14 55 don l. don-dam 264 b 7* 55 f^'Sf 265 a 10 like an arctic sea 267 a 14 dele (Pinus abies) 270 b 14 read bdc-mo 273 b 2* ^t*ft 274 a 4* dele the words: marked or 275 a 9seqq. read O das-pa 275 b 6* 55 pyi 287 b 16 55 precious stone 287 b 22 n Pth. having obtained ii mortality Jbrug sddn-ba sdig-to-can 291 a 5 292 b 23 293 a 3* 293 b 1 301 b 22 lo ton-ni 303 b 23 zin-to 304 b 22 prep. 305 b 21* 312 a 3* 316 b 8 12* 14 8* 10 4 a 17 a 18* a 14* b 2* 195 b 6 195 b 7* ynyid 317 318 322 325 326 327 328 338 338 340 a 21 340 b 17 353 b 15 354 a 9* smin-f>a apparition brightly dkdr^-po} gru- dzin Durga, Uma zdg-pe pe kon-jo the defunct ancestors ,. postp. c. gen. abstrusely Gram. ; 5, Jug-pa O prdl-ba Corrections 67 P- col . 1. P- col . 1. 357 b 12* read p6ii-mKan 466 b 11* read whetstone 374 12* ncnycn 474 a 20* soothe 480 a 13 yzal-med-kan-bzan 383 b 10* ^]'Ri$* gla- fso 493 b 18 Sik. ' N ' 496 a 5 yzod 389 a 12* dbon-mo 4% a 18 wasted 407 a 17* ftrsf 508 b 12 so yi ycod-pa, yi c dd-pa I 522 a 2,3 r ddn-mo 410 b 13* circle ^ 412 b 21*, 19* mi-Kyim 530 h 5 n ^MiN 415 a 24* to name v. O dogs-pa 2; 540 a 4 of 427 a 12 sman-wicog 567 a 5* 7, prop. 431 a 1* ,. tsdm-gyis 576 a 14* < tkyo-seti mdzdd-pa 433 439 a a 2* 19 yan mii 578 b 3 M ^f ^jcn* so-pdg 439 b 14* O gro- (or ca-) rtsis yod 587 a 20,21 nyon-mons-kyi kun-sldn 442 442 a b 7* 17 nydn-ce assiduous 589 a 1 qppj-^c- 446 a 3* fsan-zug 591 b 23* vb. 1. to beg, to pray = 449 a 12* travellers zu-ba 460 b 10 O fso-ba 592 a 9 (the king's) soul In several of the longer articles some confusion in the use of the figures in large and small type has oc- curred. In order to restrict this catalogue within the smallest possible limits, these and other slight inaccuracies have not been entered. Printed by Unger Brothers (Th. Grimm), Berlin SW. University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library frorn which it wss borrowed. , Form I JSSSHSSK^OMia ""^^^BH 000 020 399 2