855-806-15M TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS BULLETIN No. 88 HORTICULTURE SECTION, JUNE, 1906 LENGTH OF LIFE OF VINES OF VARIOUS SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF GRAPES; PROFITABLENESS; AND BY WHAT DISEASES SERIOUSLY AFFECTED. BY T. V. MUNSON, D. Sc. POSTOFFICE i COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. OFFICERS GOVERNING BOARD (BOARD OF DIRECTOR'S A. AND M. oonnnen.) M. SANSOM, President a Alvarado F. A. REIOHARDT Houston K. K. LEGGETT Abilene GEO. T. J ESTER Corgicgng, W. J. CLAY Austin A. HAIDUSEK LaGrange L. D. AMSLER Hempstead A. J. BROWN Dallas STATION OFFICERS H. H. HARRINGTON, LL. D., President of the College. J. W. CARsoN Vice Director M. FRANcIs Veterinarian E. I. KYLP Horticulturist F. R. MARSHALL Animal Husbandry R. L. BENNETT Cotton Specialist O. M. BAm. Botanist G. S. FRAPS ' _ Chemist A. F. CONRAm Entomologist EDWARD C. GREEN Assistant Horticulturist C. E. SANBoRN Co-Operative Entomologist JOHN C. BURNs Assistant Animal Husbandry C. O. Mosnn Deputy Feed Inspector M. S. CHURon Deputy Feed Inspector W. P. CONNELLY Deputy Feed Inspector C. W. CRIsnnn Clerk Feed Control C. A. POFFENBERGFR Chief Clerk MISS M. H. WATKINS Stenographer STATE SUB-STATIONS S. A. WASCHKA, Superintendent ........................................ ..Troupe, Smith County - W, S, Homcnxrss, Superintendent ..................................... ..Troupe, Smith County NoTE.——The main station is located on the grounds of the Agricultural and Mechanical College in Brazos County. The Postoffice address 11s College Station, Texas. Reports and bulletins are sent free upon appli- cation to the Director. LETTER OF TRAN SMITTAL. H. H. Harrington, President Texas Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege of Texas. Sir: In compliance with the suggestion of E. J . Kyle, Pro-fes- sor of Horticulture in the A. 8x M. College of Texas, and your authoriza- tion for me to do so, I have prepared this paper to be made a bulletin of the Texas State Experiment Station, and now respectfully submit it for your consideration. T. V. MUNSON. Denison, Texas. LENGTH OF LIFE OF VINES OF VARIOUS SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF GRAPES, PROFITABLENESS, AND BY WHAT DISEASES SERIOUSLY AFFECTED. In 1886 and 1887 the writer planted about eight acres of grapes on light sandy soil from six inches to three feet deep, resting on red and yellow clay subsoil nrar Denison, Texas, and this vineyard is still stand- ing n'ow 19 years old, and part of the vines are yet bearing well and are profitable. Some of the vines perished years ago and others are in a feeble condition, unprofitable and some dying every year. Careful crit- ical record of all the vines in this vineyard has been kept from the time of the planting. notes on the same always have been taken in the pres- ence of the vines. No Experiment Station is more carefully kept. From this record mostly the facts in the following pages have been tabulated to guide in propogation and my further experimental work so as to avoid mistakes in the future as far as possible. The land occupied by the vineyard has had but one application of fer- tilizer during the 19 years_ which was a heavy coating of cottonseed some twelve years ago, and is} now suffering for nourishment. The conditions and treatment of all the vines in this vineyard, men- tioned in the tables, have been identical so far as the uniformity of the soil permitted and it is about as uniform as any equal area of sandy land in Texas. Besides I have planted other vineyards on different soils, including black, limy soil, that agree in results shown in the tables. As excess of lime in the soil greatly affects injuriously many varie- ties, causing the leaves to turn yellow (chlorose) and the vines to dwin- dle and die within a few years, it is important to designate those varie- ties injuriously affected by the excess of lime. All species and varieties grow well in sandy soils where carbonate of lime does not exceed twenty-five per cent of the soil. Some varieties cannot well endure more than twenty-five or thirty per cent of lime while others will flourish in fifty and even sixty per cent of lime. The vines of some species are nearly always found natively in limy soils, and varieties of such species generally succeed well in limy soils. The species found naturally growing in limy soils are the following: Berlanderi,* Blancoii, Bourquiniana, Candicans,* Champini.* Cin- erea,* Cordofolia,* Coriacea, Doaniana, Moticola,* Rubra, Rupestrisfl‘ Vinifera.* All other species named in table I are natively found grow- ing in sandy soils. Those just named above followed by a * can flour- ish in soils having 40 to 60 per cent of lime. Cultivated varieties of these also succeed well in limy soils if not subject to other maladies. All very sticky soils, especially the “Black Waxy” are rich in lime. All soils immediately underlaid with limestone and especially with white chalky rock. as found in the black lands of the cretaceous soils of Texas are strong in lime. In Bell, Lampasas and adjacent counties the lime in places is in such large per cent that very few plants or trees will grow __5_ in such- places. The Red Cedar, Berlandieri, Mustang (Candicans) Champini and Monticola grapes I have found growing in such places without any appearance of chlorosis, while peach trees, Concord and Post Oak grape vines planted in such soils, quickly yellow and die. Hence, it is necessary, to success in long life in vines, to plant only those adapted to the soils. I have not conducted any systematic test upon soils having a greater excess of lime than 40 per cent. hence have no tables of experience on such soils to present but have formed my conclusions on adaptability to such soils by extended observation over the State and from reports of care- ful experimenters in limy soils in Texas. The Berlandieri, Champini, Doaniana and Rupestris, natives of Texas, with Bourquiniana and Vini- fera, foreign, are giving best results in hybridization for very limy soils. Varieties much subject to rot and mildew should not be planted in re- gions, such as the forest area of East Texas, unless thoroughly treated with spray of sulphate or carbonate of copper solution, but they may do well in Central and Western Texas, if set in proper soil and site, with- out spraying. No grape will succeed in boggy or seapy soil, and a high location sur- rounded by lower grounds is preferable to the reverse location, on account of late frosts and fungus diseases prevailing much more in low than high localities. A careful study of the following tables will pretty well guide one safely in choosing varieties for profit and long life in various soils and locations. i , Those in table I, followed by the letter 1, are generally found natively growing in limy soils, all others in sandy soils. Those varieties in Table II, followed by the letter 1, have been found to succeed well in “Black Waxy” soils with clay subsoils; those followed by the letters 11 succeed in “Black Waxy” and “Adobe” soils underlaid with white rock as near as two feet of the surface. The first table shows clearly the species having long lived vines, healthy vines, and vigorous vines; three prime essentials in the constitution of any valuable variety. Several of them besides Lincecumii are yielding excellent results, but it will require several generations with some to bring out valuable vineyard varieties. The second table gives the names of each variety, its specific blood, the number of vines of each variety planted 19 years ago, and the num- ber and per cent of vines now alive, degree of profitableness, diseases affecting and the present condition. It will be noticed that a number of the varieties contain blood of the native Post-Oak Grape (Vitis Lincecumii). which I consider the most valuable of all American species in many respects for sandy soils, hence I have used it extensively in hybridizing, although I have made hybrid . combinations with nearly every species named in the first table in order to discover the best in existence. ...<.. .. 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Z ..................................................................................... .. 000 |Nf~< PWmwaTko-m avmfifl "Wgnvamowm? »A—hflmwh ........................................... ..®Q.Nhw AwQwAMQNT~< U. 0w 0m ......... 1012006 0:0 02:2; £00000 302 $00 IQOOH @Q_.Q zDgohwv Eo.~% mhw%wgw umgohowf? kfi~hfiflm ...................................... :®Q§H.o Hwaagm .............................. .. ........ ..mwfifi>dwGw@< 002 002 52 2 2 0224 2 0224 000.52% 000000026 0502 002806 002054 0802 020000 2000 00m 0003072 002502 60020000 6.85 22> 05 2002B 50.2 000.500 000 E4 20m 00200 ZH 00.3.00 00 020000 0002.; Q6 05000. £00020 00000 2 2020b~i .000 .222 2022B 2:202.’ 00 00020000 2 0020200066 @029 00 WEH>H6ZOA H>HB§ ha? .-. c: 7-1 "" Zm~ z< £3 America (black) Lincecumii x Rupestris. Very profitable; market, wine; no diseases, vigorous. 1 Plate VI ............. .. 47 47 100 Berckmans (red) Delaware x Clinton. Unprofitable; some rot, fair. 1 20 15 75 Bailey (black) Lincecumii x Triumph. Profitable, market; mildews, vigorous 1 1 100 Beacon (black) Lincecumii x Concord. Profitable; market; rots and mildews; weak. 1 20 17 85 Bell (white) Elvira x Delaware. Profitable; market, no diseases vigorous. 1 33 22 67 Brilliant (red) Lindley x Delaware. Very profitable; mar- ket, mildews, feeble. 1 86 66 77 Calabrain (white) Vinifera. Profitable grafted; mildews, feeble. 1 4 2 50 Concord (black) Vitis Labrusca. Profitable for eight years; rots, ripe uneven, very weak 78 40 51 Champion (black) Vitis Labrusca. Little profit; weak, very poor quality 20 19 95 Cottage (black) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, drops, very weak 12 10 83 Delaware (red) Bourquiniana x Labrusca x Vinifera(?). Profitable, mildews weak. 145 122 84 Delago (red) Delaware x Goethe. Fair, market; mildews, weak. 1. 34 26 77 Devereux or Black July (black) Vitis Bourquiniana. Un- profitable, root-rot. 1 7 0 00 Diana (red) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofitable; mildews, feeble 10 7 70 Dr. Collier (red) Lincecumii x Concord. Profitable, mar- ket; healthy, fair 4 2 50 Diamond (white) Labrusca x Vinifera. Profitable for eight years, rots 7 0 00 Eaton (black) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, root-rot, very weak 6 2 33 Early Victor (black) Delaware x Ives. Unprofitable; root- 22 o 00 rot Elfviira (white) Labrusca x Vulpina. Unprofitable; cracks, 5 4 8o a r Empire State (white) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofitable drops, very weak 27 2 7 Elvicand (red) Elvira x Mustang. For black land; healthy, vigorous. 1. 10 10 100 Excelsior (red) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofitable, mildews, rots 15 0 00 Fern Munson (black) Lincecumii x Catawba. Very profit- able; some mildew, vigorous, very late .................................... .. 33 33 100 Gold Coin (yellow) Norton Virginia x Martha. Very profit- able; healthy, weak 27 25 92 Goldtenl Gem (white) Delaware x Clinton. Unprofitable, 6 0 0o r0 . . Golden Chasselas (yellow) Vitis Vinifera. Unprofitable, rot, mildew. Succeeds (grafted) in S. and W. Texas. 11 ........ .. 6 0 00 Griesa de Piemonte (black) Vitis Vinifera. Profitable grafted; mildews; weak. 1 2 66 Herbemont (red-purple) Vitis Bourquiniana: Profitable wine; rots; vigorous. 11 62 58 92 Hopkins (black) Lincecumii x Aestavalis. Profitable, wine, a market; healthy, vigorous 1 1 100 Ives (black) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, drouth, root- rot; very weak 40 10 25 Jefferson (red) Labrusca x Vinifera. Profitable for six years. Mildews, weak. 6 1 17 _3__ l- L- *' 0°» ofi F5 4:200 p m (kw-pg Names of Varities and Their Specific Blood. Egfi Egg Egg,‘ =_ ==" : Zmfi Z< i< Jaeger No. 43 (black) Vitis Lincecumii of Southwest Mis- souri. Profitable; wine, healthy, very vigorous .................. .. 2 1 50 Lady (white) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, root-rot .......... .. 10 0 00 Lady Washington (red) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofit- able, mildews 15 0 00 Laussel (black) Lincecumii x Cold Coin. Profitable. healthy, very vigorous“ 40 40 100 Lenoir or Black Spanish (black) Vitis Bourquiniana. Profitable. wine; mildews and rots, weak, l ...... .............. .. 18 9 50 Lindley (red) Labrusca x Vinifera. Profitable; market, mildews, weak P 9 5 55 Marguerite (purplish-red) Lincecumii x Bourqulniana. i Profitable; wine, market; healthy. vigorous ....... ................ .. 23 23 100 Martha (white) Vitis Labrusca. root-rot. unprriltable .......... .. 10 0 00 Missouri Reisling (white) Labrusca x Vulpina. Unprofit- ahle; cracks, weak I 6 4 67 Moore Early (black) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, shy; root-rot; very weak a 53 3 6 Montlfore (black) Labrusca x Vulpina. Unprofitable .......... .. 2 0 00 Moycr (red) Delaware x Wyomingfl). Unprofitable; drops. rots. weak. 1 13 10 77 Muench (black) Lincecumii x Herbemont. Very profitable; some mildew; very vigorous 6 6 100 Muscat (white) Vlnitera. Unprofitable: mildews. rots. 11.... 2 0 00 Neva (black) Lincecumii x Herbemont. Profitable, wine; healthy, very vigorous 1 1 100 Niagara (white) Labrusca x Vinifera. Profitable for eight years; rots; very weak 27 4 15 Norton or Cynthiana (black) Vitis Aestivalls. Profitable; wine: root-rot; weak 52 17 33 Norfolk (red) Labrusca x Vinitera. Profitable. early mar- ket; rots. weak 18 15 88 Perkins (pink) Labrusca. llnprofitabie; root-rot: weak .... .. 84 13 38 Perry (red) Lincecumii x Herbemunt. Profitable; market, wine: rots; very vigorous 1 1 100 Peter Wylie (white) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofitable; 4 o o0 rots Presly (red) Elvira x Champion. Profitable, very early market. root-rot 64 52 81 Quagliano (red) Vinifera. Ilnprofitahle: rots. 11 ............... .. 3 0 00 Rommel (white) Elvira x Triumph. Profitable, mildews. 1.. 275 163 59 R. W. Munson (black) Lincecumii x Triumph. Profitable; healthy. very vigorous ..... .. 29 29 100 Scupperxiong (yellow) Vitis Rotundifolia. Profitable, wine. healthy, very vigoronq 1 1 100 Thomas (black) _Vitis Rotundifolia. Profitable, wine. healthy. very vigorous - .... .. 1 1 100 Triumph (white) Concord x Muscat. Profitable, market, cracks, very weak. 1 78 46 59 Walter (red) Delaware Seedling. Profitable, market. mil- dews. weak. 1 ....... .. 3 1 33 Woodruff (red) Lahrusca x Vinifera. ‘Unprofitable, cracks 5 0 0i) Worden (black) Vitis Labrusca. Unprofitable, cracks. drops. very weak . 51 7 14 Wyoming (red) Labrusca x Delaware(?). Profitable, mar- ket. very weak. ....... .. 7 3 43 VVHdci‘ (black) Labrusca x Vinifera. Unprofitable, rots. very weak . ....... .. 5 1 20 Zinfandel (black) Vitis Vinifera. Unprofitable, mildews, rots. 11. 6 0 00 V. Berlandieri—Native of Bell County, Texas. PLATE II. H rbemont. V Bourquiniana. S. 3 X we U; V». t n U O C S a S a p m a L .1 V Champini-—Native 0 $1§w»..$ww§w~§i§,; Ewsés. é ,1? y. PLATE IV. Ru ~ estria America—Lincecumiix PLATE VI. America—Lincecumii x Rupestris. is, V. Labrusca and V. Vinffera. T. Ll S e m. 1 R V. m u c ‘GnfZP-COQ! Jimtion of Y. PLATE VIII. V. I-0tundifolia—l\ ative of Carolina