'"Xjc^nooie - (jceviova World's Sunday School Association GENERAL OFFICERS President DR. GEO. W. BAILEY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. E. K. WARREN Chairman Three Oaks, Michigan, U.S.A. General Secretaries REV. CAREY BONNER, 56 Old Bailey, London, E.C., England MARION LAWRANCE, 805 Hartford Building, Chicago, U.S.A. Treasurers FRED A. WELLS - 805 Hartford Building, Chicago, U.S.A. SIR GEORGE WHITE, 56 Old Bailey, London, E.C., England Statistical Secretaries HUGH CORK - - 802 Hartford Bldg., Chicago, U.S.A. GEORGE SHIPWAY, J.P. - Camp Hill, Birmingham, England Chairman, Program Committee E. K. WARREN - - Three Oaks, Michigan, U.S.A. Chairman, Transportation Committee W. N. HARTSHORN * 85 Broad Street, Boston, Massachussets, U.S.A. Chairman, Publicity Committee GEO. W. PENNIMAN, 85 Broad Street, Boston, Massachussets, U.S.A. F our W orld’s T ours And other information concerning the World’s Sunday School Association and the World’s Seventh Convention, to be held in Zurich, Switzerland July 8-15, 1913 Issued by the World’s Sunday School Association Chicago, U. S. A. January, 1912 OFFICERS of the World’s Sun- € J day School Association, Missionaries, and Sunday School Workers in all parts of the world, Greeting: This little book will be prized, we are sure, because of the definite first-hand information it contains con- cerning Sunday School work in South America, Southern Europe, Great Britain and Ireland, and also the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention, to be held in Zurich, Switzerland, July 8-15, 1913. These four great tours, made by representative Sunday School men, under the auspices of the World’s Sunday School Association, involving 50,000 miles of travel and the meeting of 100,000 people, within the past eight months, cannot fail to give new impressions and broader ideas of what is going on in the world in a Sunday School way. Yours in the Work, General Secretary. (American Section ) Contents 1. A Twenty-five Thousand Mile Tour Through South America— By Rev. IT. S. Harris. 2. The Challenge of South America. 3. The Christ of the Andes. 4. A Tour of Investigation Through Mid Europe and the Balkan Peninsula — By John Davidson. 5. The Opportunity in Southern Europe. 6. An Eight Thousand Mile Tour — By W. N. Hartshorn, Accompanied by George W. Penni- man. 7. An Inspirational Sunday School Tour of Great Britain — By Marion Lawrance. 8. The World’s Sunday School Association. 9. Official Call for the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention. 10. Zurich — The Convention City. 11. Two Great Leaders Who Will Be at Zurich. 12. Department for Utilizing Waste Material. 13. World Notes. 14. Two Remarkable Books. 15. New Offices for the World’s and International Sunday School Associations. A Twenty-five Thousand Mile Tour Through South America By Rev 7 . H. S. Harris Mt. Morris, N. Y. HE great continent of South America, with its ten independent republics ; with its forty millions of population, including six to eight millions of pagan and semi-pagan Indians ; with a habi- table area considerably greater than that of North America, and one country (Brazil) with an area larger than that of the United States ; with its great progressive, modern cities ; with its wonderful industrial and commercial activ- ity; — but with an average illit- eracy of from sixty to eighty per cent, its gross immorality and irreligion, and therefore, with its tremendous intellectual, social and religious problems — this continent which, for the people of the United States, at least, is at the same time the “Neglected Conti- nent’’ and the “Continent of Op- portunity," makes its appeal to the Christian world for aid in the de- velopment of that institution which, the world over, stands for "The Open Bible and the Up- lifted Cross ”, The Sunday School. Rev. H. S. Harris Present Provision Inadequate These South American countries are supposedly and nominally Roman Catholic, but even granted that the Roman Catholic Church were doing its utmost for the evangelization and uplift of South America, — which it is not — its forces are altogether inadequate. For instance, in Argentina, there are but 250 priests to the 6,000,000 of population, which is but one priest for every 24,000 people. Thus, the great masses in South America live and die with no religious faith to elevate and ennoble, and as long 4 as the Bible is denied them, they are under the only great religious system in the world which has no Sacred Scriptures to which appeal may be made. If Sunday Schools are urgently needed in our own Christian lands in order to implant and maintain the ideals of our Christian civilization, and where there exists a Sunday School for every 599 of the population, what can we say of the crying need of these great Latin-republics where the average is only one Sunday School for every 570,000 of the popu- lation, or a total of about 700 Schools in all? At the last World’s Sunday School Convention, held in Washington, D. C., in 1910, South America’s need and our opportunity were voiced from the platform by seven representatives of this field from whose ad- dresses I quote : Startling Testimonies Robert E. Speer, of New York: "We dare not hand over the 60,000,000 of peo- ple in these South American lands to a denomination which shuts them off from that Book which we know to have been the foundation of the great cleansing tides of life that have poured over our Northern lands, and saved them. We are bound to share that Book, through the agencies which we represent here this morning, with the 60,000,000 of people of these Latin-American countries.” John Hay, of Paraguay: “We only begin to understand the urgency of South America’s need when we realize that in addition to the pagan population, there are multitudes who have thrown aside all religious belief; and five millions of savage Indians who have never seen a missionary or heard a gospel message. Dare any one say that this brings no obligation?” Russell D. Christian, of Argentina : “The city of Buenos Aires is the fourth largest city of the American continent, and the second largest Latin city in the world. Our Protestant churches have done nothing more than scratch the surface. They are inadequate. We have 35 Sunday Schools in the city of Buenos Aires, with about 1.000 children. We want some of your people to come down and help us; will you come?” Rev. H. C. Tucker, of Brazil: “Lesson helps, Sunday School literature, special works for superintendents and teachers, are factors of incalculable importance in the development of the Sunday School. These do not exist for Brazil in the Portuguese language except in a very limited way. An enthusiastic, capable Sunday School leader could render the cause great help by a series of lectures, institutes, conven- tions, and mass meetings in a number of the principal centers.” Charles G. Neuman, Chile: “Sunday Schools among the Chilean people include more adults than children. They enjoy the characteristic method of Sunday School doctrine much more than a regular church service, because most of them are prac- tically uneducated and cannot always comprehend a sermon.” While dining with the family of Rev. Alvaro Reis, of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, I was touched by the relation of this incident: Mr. Reis speaks English with some difficulty and while he was on his way to the Wash- ington Convention, his little seven year old daughter at home would pray that God would help her papa to speak English, so that he could tell the American Sunday School people about the needs of the children in Brazil. Such statements and appeals as these, led to a special conference at the close of the Convention, between the Executive Committee of the World’s Sunday School Association and the representatives present from South American countries. As a result, a careful investigation was made. 5 the various Societies interested in that field were consulted and letters of recommendation secured from them to their representatives in the field; letters of inquiry were sent to the missionaries in South America, and by the middle of April, 1911, enough replies had been received to assure the Committee of the hearty cooperation of the Christian workers of South America, so that it was at once decided to plan the visitation and advise the brethren throughout the continent of the probable dates for their respective fields. A Representative Appointed Imagine my surprise when I learned from the World’s Association that it would be my privilege to use the knowledge of Spanish and the experience I had gained during eight years of missionary work in Cuba, in the interest of Sunday School work in South America, and I was ap- pointed the official representative to make a 25,000 mile tour. Plaza in Cuzco, Peru. Ancient Capital of the Incas On July 12, 1911, I sailed from New York for Brazil, via England. Through the kindness of various publishing houses and of dealers in Sunday School supplies, I was able to take with me an exhibit of some forty-five volumes of the best works on the Sunday School in English, besides samples of various useful material which, I found later, was eagerly consulted by hundreds. Objects of the Tour The objectives kept in view during the trip were as follows: I. To investigate the actual conditions under which Sunday School work is carried on in South America and to find out what we could do to be of assistance to them. II. To impart information with regard to the methods used and success attained in other parts of the world. 6 III. To promote the organization of the Sunday School workers of South America into Unions and Associations allied to the World’s Sun- day School Association. IV. To provide inspiration and encouragement to all Christian workers by indicating the glorious results to be obtained through the placing of a proper emphasis on the Sunday School as the chief evangel- izing agency of the Church. Arriving In South America On August 5th, I landed at Recife, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, the most eastern point of South America, and from there on. until No- vember 7th, when I left Peru for my homeward trip via Panama and Cuba, my time was continuously occupied in conventions, conferences, rallies and school visitations in the interest of Sunday School work. The itinerary included twenty-five of the principal cities of South America, and required seventy days of actual convention work, etc., ex- clusive of the seventy-one days spent in travel. From one to ten days were given in each place, according to the nature and needs of the pro gram to be ca.rried out. The accompanying map gives a gen- eral outline of the territory covered in South America ; Leaving Panama, on my way home, I was delighted to find on the same ship with me, the Rev. Aquila Lucas. Interna- tional Field Worker for the West Indies and Central Amer- ica. We journeyed together for two days, and I then left him to attend the Fifth Na- tional Convention of the Na- tional Sunday School Associa- tion of Cuba. About 10,000 people in all, were directly reached by this tour. Taking up the four ob- jectives of the tour, we shall Tour of Mr. Harris consider each in its relation to the actual experiences of the trip, adding a fifth, under which will be in- dictated some of the results not directly aimed at, but nevertheless, ac- complished by this visitation. I. Investigation The actual conditions under which Sunday School work is carried on in South America are far from ideal, but the great interest manifested everywhere by the workers indicates their desire to set up a new standard for their work. Although no generalities are wholly true, I shall never- theless venture a few : 7 Going to Market. Buenos Aires, Argentina Need of Grading As a general rule, schools are not divided into more than two de- partments — Primary and Advanced. In most cases, it is impossible for the School to have more than one room, which must serve for all classes and departments, but even there, I was able often to point out how divisions could be made by curtains or screens. I recall but one Church visited which had a well-arranged Sunday School room with a number of small class-rooms. Scarcity of Trained Singers Very few Bibles are in use in the Schools; a sufficient supply of hymn books is also lacking, as in most places each scholar brings his own book. Much more attention should be given to the singing. Wherever there are a few capable persons who have taken pains with the music, splendid re- sults were obtained. Often the singing drags terribly and is anything but attractive. It was indeed an inspiration to hear the Pernambuco chorus sing, in Portuguese: “He Will Hold Me Fast.” Practically No Departmental Work I can recall hearing of only one Cradle Roll, and I do not know of a single Home Department in the whole field visited. Leaflets describing these departments were distributed. Nor are there any Teacher Train- ing Classes connected with the Schools, although Dr. Gammon, of Lavras, Brazil, has translated some of the books of the Westminster Advanced Course into Portuguese and is using them with his Seminary students. The Crying Need The crying need of the South American Schools is for teachers, and were this problem solved, it would be a simple matter to largely increase the number of schools and scholars. One of the most inspiring sights I 8 witnessed was the joint session of two of Rev. W. C. Morris’ “Philan- thropic Schools of Buenos Aires” (5,000 in daily attendance) and the pres- ence of the 1,300 at his Sunday Schools is purely voluntary and spon- taneous. But with only a handful of capable Sunday School teachers at his disposal, class instruction is impossible. The singing, discipline and attention in the Schools is remarkable. Their presence at the Sunday School in so large numbers is a proof that the children can be found. The workers everywhere are anxious for a First Standard Training Course, in Portuguese and Spanish, to aid in supplying the teachers for their schools. Evangelical School of Rev. W. C. Morris (5.000 neglected Children are gathered in these schools) In Bolivia and Peru, where the work is more recent than in other countries, there are many schools where no division into classes has been possible, and all, little children and their gray-haired grand-parents, meet together in one class. The proportion of adults and children in at- tendance varies in different places, but in general, the attendance of adults is greater than that of children, where Schools are composed of the more ignorant class of people. In Montevideo and Buenos Aires, there are more children, and in the English Sunday Schools connected with the Angelican and Scotch Presbyterian Churches of these cities there are almost no adults except the teachers. The Uniform Lessons Nearly all the schools use the International Uniform Lessons, but many have had such difficulties in getting the supplies on time that the lessons are used from three months to a year after their date. Unlimited Opportunity If most of the results of this investigation seem to be of a negative character, they only indicate the wonderful opportunity which Organized 9 Sunday School Work has before it in South America. I verily believe that an average annual expenditure to promote this work in South America equal to what a Mission Board would use to support the work and pay the salaries of two of their missionaries, for the next five years, would be ten-fold more productive than a similar amount em- ployed in any other way. The workers are already on the field ; they need only to be instructed, directed and provided with literature. II. Information Imparted The programs planned in nearly every place visited were arranged to give the Association’s representative ample opportunity of presenting every needed phase of the Sunday School Movement. While only three of the gatherings might be considered as regularly organized and representative conventions, nevertheless, foundations were laid at each place for future development and extension. Among the subjects presented repeatedly were the following: The Sunday School, an Organized Force in Its Relation to the Home, the Church and the Community. The Qualifications of a Good Teacher. The High Calling of the Teacher and His Proper Training. The Cradle Roll and Home Department as a Means of Extending the Influence of the Sunday School Throughout the Community. Organization in Sunday School Work and Its Results. Graded Instruction in the Sunday School. The Model Sunday School. Public Park, Santa Lucia, Santiago, Chile 10 Practical Demonstration Wherever possible, the last subject was illustrated by holding a “Model School Session.” The most successful effort of this kind was at Rio de Janeiro. The 458 persons present completely taxed the capacity of the Y. M. C. A. hall. Seats were arranged and divisions indicated for six departments and a section for visitors. These departments were divided into classes, and special features such as Cradle Roll, Promotion Certificates, Welcome to New Scholars, and Recognition to those who Rio de Janeiro— A candidate for a Future World’s Convention had brought new scholars, etc., were introduced. A number present who had never attended a Sunday School before, came up to the Secretary afterward and wanted to be assigned to some School. A list of forty questions for Round Table discussion had been prepared in both Portu- guese and Spanish, and everywhere the liveliest interest was manifested in this part of the program. In several places model classes were held to illustrate the plan and working of the Graded Lessons. Seminary Work My only direct contact with Seminary students was at the Presby- terian Seminary at Campinas, Brazil. Here the students were impressed with the fact that they should prepare themselves to be leaders in this department of work. At Granbury College, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; at Mac- kenzie College, Sao Paulo ; and at the Institute Ingles, Santiago, Chile, I was able to address from one to three hundred young men in each place directing their attention to the Sunday School as a field of usefulness which they should prepare to enter. 11 Housing and Equipment The matter of proper housing and equipment for the Sunday School was also emphasized, and a great deal can be done for the future of the work by seeking to establish model Schools with proper equipment at these and other educational centers. About sixty copies of the Report of the Washington Convention were distributed, and six helpful leaflets in Spanish and Portuguese were dis- tributed in sufficient quantity that every Sunday School teacher in Latin South America might be supplied. III. Organization It could almost be said that at the time of my visit to South America, there were no Sunday School Associations of any kind in existence in the whole Continent, exclusive of British Guiana. There were three districts in Brazil in which conventions had previously been held, but these had no organization back of them with a definite constitution and plan of action. Permanent Organizations Effected As a result of the present visitation, organization was definitely ef- fected, first, of a District Association for Pernambuco and the adjoining States of Parahyba and Alagoas ; and second, of the Sunday School Union of Brazil. Rev. H. C. Tucker, President of the Brazilian Associa- tion, is planning a very active campaign and within the year expects to have the Brazilian field divided into about nine districts, and conventions held in each. At the Rio de Janeiro Convention, a splendid advance step was taken by the appointment of a Committee on Literature, which was authorized to prepare and publish in Portuguese the following much-needed helps: (a) A First Standard Teacher Training Course. (b) A series of simple Graded Lessons for the Elementary Grades. (c) A Sunday School Hymnal. The Union also provided for raising funds for its work by calling for a ten reis (about three cents) contribution per member from all Schools in the country. At Sao Paulo a resolution was passed requesting the National Union to prepare a plan of State and District Organization, so that all new Unions formed would have a uniform type of organization. The com- plete organization of the Sunday School work in Brazil is therefore well under way. Porto Alegre and Bahia also took definite action looking toward a permanent organization. In Spanish South America no organization or conventions had been attempted. At one time in Buenos Aires there existed a Union of the teachers in the English Schools. Montevideo, Uruguay, was the first Spanish city visited. Prof. Monteverde, of the National University, was instrumental in drawing up a basis of organization, indicating the ob- jects, membership, etc., of a permanent organization within a year at a Convention which will be truly representative, and to which delegates 12 will be invited from every part of the country. This may be called the Montevideo plan, and it was adopted with but slight modifications at Buenos Aires, Santiago, Concepcion and Valparaiso. In Bolivia a sim- ilar organization was planned, and in Peru, the Rev. Thos. B. Wood, D. D., of Lima, will do all in his power to carry out the wishes of the Committee in forming a Sunday School Organization. IV. Inspiration Apart from as well as in the regular routine work of conventions and conferences, there were many opportunities of bringing to bear on the conscience and heart of hundreds the supreme importance of applying the teachings of God’s Word to the lives of young and old, through the medium of the Sunday School. Great Sunday School Rallies were held at various places, in which I told the story of the Twentieth Century Crusaders, and after showing the picture representing the group gath- ered on the platform at the Washington Convention, I would give one of the pictures to each School represented in the rally. In Santiago, our Model School Session was followed by a procession of about 700 Sunday School scholars that stretched out for blocks along the Avenida Brazil, and which elicited such comment as the fol- A Notable Sunday School Parade in Santiago, Chile lowing from by-standers : “Is it possible that there are so many Protest- ants as this in Santiago?” The effort was made everywhere to put life and enthusiasm into the work of the Sunday School, showing it to be, through its Bible teachings, the hope of the Church and of the Nation, religiously and so- cially. 13 V. Other Results In a campaign such as this has been, many results are accomplished which were not definitely planned for. Probably the most important of these is the furtherance of the spirit of interdenominational unity. A Great Step Forward In two important places visited, I was told that it was the first time in the history of Christian work there that workers of all denominations had come together for the purpose of furthering the interests of the Kingdom. Denominational co-operation was a thing almost unknown. The effect also upon outsiders of such a concerted movement is always an asset of great value. Prejudice gives way before a movement that is showing itself in the open, and which by force of unity, numbers, and enthusiasm, is proving its right to public consideration. Two Important Resolutions Two resolutions passed at the Concepcion Convention look toward a development of Sunday School work that had not been definitely con- templated : First — the local publication in Chile of a series of Lesson Helps to be used jointly by all denominations, and second, the further- ing by the World’s Association of the publication in Spanish of a series of Graded Lessons for the Elementary Department, for use in all Span- ish-speaking countries. “The Tie That Binds” In nearly every place the workers expressed most heartily (some- times with “vivas” and “bravas”) their appreciation of the interest taken in the work of their respective fields by the World’s Sunday School As- sociation, and begged to be assured that the present visitation was only the beginning of a fraternal and helpful relationship that would grow stronger in the future. Touching indeed was the farewell given at Bahia, Brazil, where at the close of the evening service, nearly the whole audience came forward and in true Brazilian fashion embraced the departing guest, one after another, and wished him God-speed. Just before the last good-byes were said, a little girl, dressed in white, stepped forward and, holding out a bouquet of beautiful flowers, addressed to me, on behalf of the Sunday- Schools of Bahia, their message of gratitude and appreciation for having come to them in the name of the Lord and in representation of the World’s Sunday School Association. South America For Christ The Sunday School is the only hope for thousands of little girls such as this one of Bahia, for it is practically the only institution in all South America which seeks to develop the great child-life of that land into a pure, truthful, trustworthy and God-fearing manhood and woman- hood. The entrance of the World’s Sunday School Association on this field should mark an epoch in the conquest of South America for Christ. 14 The Challenge of South America If Africa is the “Dark Continent,’’ South America is, for Americans at least, “The Continent of Opportunity.” The opportunity brings with it a responsibility. In the division of the world territory between the American and British Sections of the World’s Sunday School Association, South Amer- ica comes under the care of the American Section. Forty millions of people, with less than one person in 600 in any Protestant Sunday School! Think of Brazil alone — larger than the entire United States, with less than 500 Sunday Schools. The field is open — the call has come — it is ours to answer, or be disobedient to the Heavenly Vision. The testimony is universal, that we must reach the children of South America with Bible instruction, or South America is lost. The careful reading of the report of Mr. Harris given on the preceding pages will reveal not only the conditions, but the way to meet them. What is Needed. 1. An adequate literature in Spanish and Portuguese; picture cards and lesson helps, adapted to children and adults; a Standard Teacher T raining Course and some good books on Sunday School management. A thousand dollars for literature alone would enable us to make a good start, but we have not the money. 2. A permanent resident Secretary for the entire Continent of South America — a man well versed in Sunday School matters and master of the native languages. Four thousand dollars a year would enable us to employ such a man and pay the traveling expenses, which are high, but we have not the money. 3. If we cannot secure a Secretary on full time, we may possibly arrange temporarily with a suitable man to devote part of his time to correspondence while at home, and from three to five months of time each year in the field. Careful reading of Mr. Harris’ report will show what has been accomplished in the first visit, and more can be accom- plished on a second and third tour. This would cost more proportion- ately than to have a resident Secretary, because of the long journey going and coming, which is usually made by way of England. Plowever, $3,000 a year would enable us to do this, but we have not the money. Five thousand dollars a year would enable us to put in a permanent resident Secretary and provide the literature referred to above, but we have not the money. What a challenge ! George W. Bailey, President, Edward K. Warren, Chairman, Marion Lawrance, Secretary, (American Section.) 15 The Christ of the Andes “On March 13th, 1904, there was unveiled a bronze monument stand- ing on the crest of the Andes at the boundary line between Argentina and Chili. The metal of this monument is from condemned cannon, and the statue is the figure of Christ. In His left hand He is holding an up- lifted cross, while the instription on the pedestal reads: ‘Sooner shall these mountains crumble unto dust than Chileans and Argentinians break the peace which at the feet of Christ the Redeemer they have sworn to maintain.’ The Christ of the Andes “We have started a great work in South America, but when we think of that country, may we not also think of the bronze figure — the Christ of the Andes — and see again the uplifted cross, and hear Him say. ‘And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me.’ And then resolve as God shall help us, by this sign we will conquer and win the children of South America for Christ.” — Dr. Geo. W. Bailey. 16 A Tour of Investigation Through Mid Europe and the Balkan Peninsula By John Davidson Glasgow, Scotland X T WAS with some misgiving mingled with great satisfaction, that I accepted the invitation of the American Section of the World’s Sunday School Association to visit Mid and South- eastern Europe in the interests of the Sunday School Move- ment. Object of the Tour. The object of the journey, which was to last about two months, was three-fold. First, investigations as to the religious conditions among the young; second, to draw existing Sunday Schools into closer relations with the World’s Sunday School Association; and third, to find out whether it would be wise to employ a Sunday School man in the lands to be visited, which were Bohemia, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary. Having been released from my own work in Scotland, and armed with recommendations and credentials from the World’s Sunday School As- sociation, the London Sunday School Union, and the Scottish National Sabbath School LTiion, together with introductions from the Rev. Dr. Barton of the American Board of Missions, and others, I left London on August 8th, 1911. I determined to begin in Bulgaria, and after calling at Bonn, where I had an interview with Professor Carl Clemen, whose acquaintance with the spiritual needs of the Slavic races is unbounded, and at Buda Pesth, where I met Mr. John Victor and other good friends, I travelled without stop to Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Next morning I was up early and away by automobile to Samokov, where is situated the chief Mission Station of the American Board. Here there are two schools, one for boys and one for girls, with workshops and residences for Missionaries, Pastors, and Teachers, and although I visited the extensive compound in the vacation, I met quite a number of the teachers and missionaries. The day following, I visited the Sunday Schools, and found remarkable vigor and intelligence displayed. 17 During my subsequent travel in Bulgaria, I found many evidences of the influence of the Schools at Samokov — “Where did you learn Eng- lish?” I would ask those who seemed so anxious to speak to me. “Oh, I was trained at Samokov,” was a common reply. The spiritual element there is strong, and naturally the Sunday School idea is highly developed. A Cry for Help. From the Pastors, Missionaries, Teachers, and ordinary workers, in every place visited, I received a warm and a hospitable welcome. Enthusi- astic and largely attended meetings were held in the principal towns, at which the discussions on the Sunday School drew forth, in many cases, the deeply spiritual characteristics of the Christian people of Bulgaria. I saw big, strong men holding out hoth hands, and with tears streaming down their rugged cheeks, pleading, “Send us a Sunday School Missionary.” John Davidson Meetings were addressed at Philipopolis, Stanimaka, and Haskovo, and Burgaz was reached on the night of August 24th. This was my point of embarkation for the northern portion of the country, and on the morn- ing of the 25th, I parted from Pastor Tsakoff, with, I think, mutual regret, and boarded a crowded Black Sea steamer bound for Varna. Pastor Miskoff welcomed me when I came off the steamer, and con- ducted me to my hotel. Sunday was spent in Varna. In the Sunday School connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, there is a large adult class, which I addressed. The spirit of earnestness and the knowl- 18 edge of the Scriptures, which characterized the scholars, young and old, were most impressive. Young Men the Hope of the Church. At Tirnovo, one of the strangest and oldest cities in the world, an orthodox priest was present at our usual evening meeting. He listened with great attention, and was the first to join in the discussion. He showed himself to be a deeply spiritual man. I talked with him at the conclusion of the meeting about the possible introduction of Sunday Schools into the Orthodox Church, and mentioned that I had had the offer of an intro- duction to the Exarch, and wished to have a chance of speaking at the Holy Synod on the subject, but his answer was similar to opinions I heard expressed in other places. "Do not go there,” he said, meaning to the Exarch at Constantinople. “Do not go to the authorities of the Church, go to the young men who are training for the Priesthood in the semi- naries.” At Rustchuk it was my privilege to meet the wife of Pastor Isvetanoff, who is the daughter of the first Protestant in Bulgaria — Gabriel Elieff. The history of this man was remarkable, and resembles in some degree the lives of struggle and determination of which we read in every age and land. A New Testament translated into Bulgarian came into his posses- sion in 1851, and the reading of this volume brought the truth to his heart. In 1858 he met the Missionaries Dr. Long and Dr. Prettiman, and through his acquaintance with them he became a Colporteur, and finally a Pastor of the Evangelical faith. His life was one full of incident crowned with power, and his death took place in Feburary, 1909. Pastor Todoroff of Plevna, who was my next interpreter, not only drove with me seven or eight hours to Lovitch, but he also drove the bargain with the coach owner, which was a most necessary thing to do. At Lovitch, a most interesting town which with Plevna suffered the awful horrors of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78, I enjoyed the restful hospitality of the American ladies who manage the Girls’ School of the Methodist Episcopal Mission — a grateful change from Bulgarian hotel life. Here I found that the influences of the Mission School and the Sunday School were very great. What Samokov is to southern Bulgaria, so Lo- vitch is to the northern part. The enthusiasm of the teachers was manifest in many ways. Not only do the children of Evangelical families attend the Schools, but also children belonging to families of the Orthodox faith. A Peculiar Situation. Unfortunately throughout my whole tour, I heard that the teachers in the Day Schools were largely materialistic in their belief, and here also the influence upon the lives of the scholars was not the best. When one re- members that such teachers are called upon to give “religious” instruction from Text Books which are specially prepared, and in which Bible stories and other stories are found side by side, the necessity for the establishment of Sunday Schools does not need demonstration. It is, however, note- 19 worthy that even atheistic teachers recognize the value of the work which is being carried on in the Mission Schools. Cases are not few in which the children of such are sent to these Schools in preference to the ordinary State Schools. One man, a teacher, allowed his own children to attend the Sunday School, but strictly forbade his scholars to go. The children in his school were threatened with punishment if they went. One boy said he was content to take his punishment every Monday morning, but he was going to continue his attendance at the Sunday School. This teacher when remonstrated with, gave this strange reply, “As a father I do not forbid my children to go to your Sunday School, but as a teacher I do.” I concluded my visit to Bulgaria by spending the 1st, 2nd. and 3rd. of September in the capital where I visited the Congregational School, and found a splendid gathering of all ages. In conversation with prominent Bulgarian friends, I was assured that as a result of the visit, there would doubtless be formed at the earliest possible period, a Bulgarian Sunday School Union. It is worthy of note that in the Evangelical Churches, both north and south of the Balkans, every member is required to be an abstainer from alcohol and tobacco in every form. Many of the Bulgarian Christians made strong appeals to me to convey to the World’s Sunday School Association their desire for help of an adequate kind in organizing a Sunday School Forward Movement on a National basis. 1 left Bulgaria on Monday, September 4th. “A Little Child Shall Lead Them.” Reaching Prague, I was warmly welcomed at the station by Revs. L. B. Marek of the Reformed Church and Joseph Novotny of the Baptist Church. It happened that the meetings of the Presbyterian Alliance were being lveld there, and I was glad to meet many Scottish friends, and make the acquaintance of several good American Sunday School men. The subject of the Sunday School is a favorite one with the Nationalities repre- sented, and the message I brought was received with much satisfaction. Sunday Schools are not numerous in Prague, but they are growing in popularity. Here I had an interesting feature of Bohemian Sunday School influence brought to my notice. The child, after all, is the leader and the true Missionary. I preached in one of the churches, and after the service, was introduced to two bright children. They were brother and sister, one was 10 and the other 12. They were the children of Roman Catholic parents. On the invitation of a companion, they entered the School. They were charmed with the songs and the service, and came again and again. Having learned the songs, they sang them to their par- ents at home, who though Catholics, did not offer any objection to their attending the Sunday School. At last the children said to the parents, “You must come to Sunday School, too.” “Oh,” they said, “the priest would not allow that.” “Well, if you do not come, we will not go either,” they said, and finally the parents were induced to attend the school. They were touched by the singing, the heartiness of their welcome, and by the directness of the message. They came again and again. Finally they sepa- rated themselves from the Church of Rome, and I was informed by the Pas- 20 Alstadt Tower— Prague. Bohemia tor that they were about to be received into the fellowship of the Christian Church. This I learned was not an uncommon occurrence in the Sunday School. At Semonioe there was a special session of the Sunday School with Pastor, Teachers, and Scholars, gathered from all the district round about, on a Tuesday afternoon. At the same place, in the evening, a great crowd gathered to hear the message from afar, and on the 16th of Sep- tember, I started from Prague to Velim, where there is a live Sunday School. On arrival at the station. Professor Rusicke met us with his automobile, and drove us to the church. To my amazement, I found the building crowded with bright, intelligent children, and with all classes of grown-ups from miles around. Numbers had to stand, and the crowd overflowed to the outside of the church. This was at 8 :30 in the morn- ing. It was a splendid opportunity, and I made the most of it. A schoolmaster from a village three or four miles away, intimated to the 21 Pastor at the close that he would immediately proceed to organize a Sun- day School in his own district. On the previous Sunday, I had addressed a great united meeting at Podebrady. Five Sunday Schools were pres- ent, one or two of which came several miles in gaily decorated carts. In the Bohemian Highlands. Borova, in the Bohemian Highlands, was the place of one of our inspiring gatherings. Here I found that a flourishing Sunday School existed, and the minister’s wife told me that they had a Temperance sec- tion in which were about twenty of the senior lads of the schools. We held a meeting in the church in the evening, and as usual, the building was filled. The seats in most of the old churches, of which this was one, are arranged in rows round the walls, so as to face the centre, in which stands the Communion table. It is from this position that the speaker addresses his audience, when he does not speak from the pulpit. Every member of the audience on this occasion, who wished to have light, brought his own candle and set it on the book desk in front of him. The weird effect of this system of lighting I shall never forget. In Moravia the laws regulating the Religious instruction are less severe than they are in Bohemia. Among the Reformed Churches of Moravia, there are eleven congregations with Sunday Schools. The Lu- theran Churches have not yet introduced the Sunday School, either in Moravia or Bohemia, as part of their Church organization. A Great Opportunity. The Pastors or catechists of the Protestant Churches are permitted in Bohemia and Moravia to enter the Public and Higher Grade Schools, and give Religious Instruction to the children of their own connection. One Pastor told me he taught sixteen hours per week in the High Schools. One minister of whom I heard never was at home except on Saturdays and Sundays, and yet another had the spiritual oversight of scholars in sixty- four villages. My last meeting in Bohemia was a notable one. At my earnest re- quest an invitation had been issued to all interested in the Sunday School movement to attend, at a certain hour on Sunday afternoon, at the Church of the Moravian Brethren at Prague. There was not sitting ac- commodation for more than half the people who were present. I did my best to make this the supreme effort of all which had been attempted in this country during the past fourteen days. After my address, an ani- mated discussion took place, and many questions were asked about the Sunday Schools — a subject entirely new to many. Two things were con sidered essential to the spread and efficiency of Sunday Schools, namely, an extended circulation of Sunday School literature, and the appointment of a Travelling Organizer. For an hour and three-quarters the meeting continued to discuss these matters, in spite of the discomfort of over- crowding. This was the first meeting of the kind that had ever been held in Bohemia. 22 Need of Literature. We cannot disregard the cry which I heard on all hands, “Give us good literature !” The young people are not so fortunately situated as those in Great Britain and America, where good books are so numerous, and so attractive. There the young folks can only read the trash they buy in the “Tabak” Kiosks. The Bohemians say if they had the book rights, they could translate them and produce them in Bohemia far cheaper than could be done in London or New York. I saw transla- tions of “Christie’s Old Organ,” and “Alone in London,” and such books, dating back to 1885, or so. A New Subject. On the day following our great united meeting in Prague, I journeyed into Hungary, and received a warm welcome at Budapest. On the invitation of the Bishop of Debreczen, who was the new Moderator of the Reformed Church of Hungary, I brought the claims of the Sunday School before the Annual Meeting of the Union of Re- formed Ministers. Some hundreds were present, the majority of whom had no knowledge whatever of Sunday School work. After my address, there was a long discussion, and at the close it was formally announced to me that the Union had resolved to associate itself with the World’s Sun- day School Association, and to form a Sunday School Committee. On the following Sunday, September 24th, I began an eventful and busy week. In response to various requests, I addressed five meetings in different parts of the city, and on Monday morning, on the invitation of the Principal of the College at the Calvinter, I was glad to have the chance of addressing the Theological Students of the Reformed Church in Hungary. I accepted also, invitations to speak on Sunday Schools at The Parliament Buildings in Budapest, the Capital of Hungary 23 the Theological and Normal Training Colleges at Papa, Sarospatak, where Comenius, the great educationist, taught for some time, Debreczen, Szatmar, and at Kolozvar in Transylvania. I had in addition, the oppor- tunity of addressing meetings of Day School Teachers, Sabbath School Teachers, Parents, and great gatherings of children. At Mezotur, where there was an extraordinary demonstration of interest, the minister in formed me that his congregation comprised 16,000 souls. Conferences of teachers were also held in Buda Pesth, and I was told of a little girl who travelled one and a half hours in the train, every Sunday, to be present at the Sunday School, which met at 8:30 in the morning. A Life of Sacrifice. At Peczel we had two fine meetings and on September 28th, I visited three villages separate from each other by several hours’ carriage journey. We met a young Assistant Pastor, Rev. Mikloo Torro, who has done splendid work in Ujosanalos, amidst the greatest difficulty and opposition. When he came, there was no kind of work carried on. Almost the first thing he did was to start a Sunday School. He could get no Teachers, nor helpers, but started at once to train the elder boys. He meets the day school children (whom I had the pleasure of addressing) for a short prayer at seven every morning. He next started a Savings Bank, and per- suaded the children to give him their coins instead of spending them on cigarettes, etc. He gained the sympathy of seven women, who agreed to pray for his work every Saturday night. By and bye, about one hundred and fifty women came to a special preaching service. The men thought him mad, and stayed away. Next he started a Young Men’s Society, and in a while he was able to buy a little harmonium and a sounding board for the Church. The young man suffered much at the hands of his Vicar, and also from the officials of the Church, but he continued his good work, and I was informed that he has taught several lads to play the harmonium and the violin, and they in turn are teaching the children music in classes. A man came to his room one night with a loaded revolver, as he also thought him a dangerous madman, but after conversation he went off thanking him for his kindness. In connection with the School he has started a library, in which he has now 100 volumes. The Triumphal Sunday School. In all the countries and places I visited, there is abundant proof that the Sunday School, as a Spiritual force, is growing. With the younger generation, new ideals and new methods are being introduced. The great need in the first place, as I have shown before, is Literature suitable and varied for the circumstances. In the seeond place, there is a great cry for an Organizing Secretary, who would spread information, stimulate dead communities, and see that Sunday Schools are organized and made to grow. I am convinced that the hour has arrived for us to act, and we look to God to send the man. 24 The Opportunities in Southern Europe The fact that the countries visited by Mr. John Davidson (Bohemia, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary) have a seething population of over 50,- 000,000, and a Sunday School enrollment of but 16,000, or less than one in 3,000, indicates the ripeness of the field. When strong men will plead with tears streaming down their faces for us to send them a Sunday School missionary, it is time we were awaking to our opportunities and privileges. There are difficulties of language and travel to overcome, but no difficulties but what may be overcome. The great crying and imme- diate need is for suitable literature printed in the language of the people. Our representative, Mr. Davidson, recommends, if possible, that we engage three Secretaries for this field, because of the various language conditions and customs; while this is beyond our reach at present, we ought to put in one secretary. Lacking the funds, how- ever, for even this, we should look forward to occasional visits like that of Mr. Davidson, which would render much needed help. This is truly a Macedonian cry. for indeed, Macedonia is in that field. The responsi- bility has been placed upon us, and the field has been opened for us by Mr. Davidson. One thousand dollars would enable us to furnish much literature for children and adults, as well as helps for teachers, but we have not the money. Four thousand dollars a year would enable us to put a thousand dollars into literature and employ a permanent resident Secretary for our Association and pay his expenses, but me have not the money. What an opportunity ! George W. Bailey, President, Edward K. Warren, Chairman, Marion Lawrance, Secretary, (American Section.) 25 An Eight Thousand Mile Tour By W. N. Hartshorn Boston, Massachusetts The story of how Zurich, Switzerland, came to be chosen as the home of the World's Seventh Sunday School Convention O N August 15, 1911, Mr. W. N. Hartshorn, at his own expense, and at a great sacrifice of time and strength, started on a 40 days Sunday School Tour, in the interests of the World’s Association, and particularly in the interest of the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention, which is to be held in Zurich, Switzerland, July 8-15, 1913. The marvelous work he accomplished was considered a “master stroke” by the members of the World’s Executive Com- mittee, and the story of his trip is one of intense interest. On August 1, 1911, the American Section of the World’s Committee, with a number of interested friends, met in Chicago to consider the question of location for the convention of 1913. Con- stantinople, The Orient. Berlin, Frankfort-on-Main, Edinburgh, Lon- don, and Paris were considered. The Committee chose Frankfort- on-Main. An Important Commission. Mr. Hartshorn, who is First Vice-President of the World's Asso- ciation and Chairman of the Committee on Transportation for the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention, was commissioned to visit Europe, and confer with the British Section of the World’s Committee, as to the best place for the location of the World’s Sev- enth Convention, and then proceed to make such further investiga- tion as might be deemed wise. Accompanied by his secretary, Air. Geo. W. Penniman, who had been chosen Chairman of the Publicity Committee for the Conven- tion, Mr. Hartshorn sailed from Boston on August 15, on the S. S. 26 “Arabic,” and arrived in Liverpool, August 23. He visited Liverpool. London, Brussels, Berlin, Nuremberg, Frankfort-on-Main, Zurich. Edinburgh, and Glasgow, and made investigations relating to The Hague, reporting his investigation to a Conference of the British Section of the World’s Committee, held by invitation of former President, Rev. F. B. Meyer, in London, September 6, 1911 Among the Swiss Alps In each of the cities named, Air. Hartshorn conducted investiga- tion concerning the features that are necessary to make a city valu- able for a great convention, viz.: halls, hotel facilities, press and publicity, local forces for co-operation, etc., so that when the mem- bers of the British Section of the World's Committee met in London they had at hand the best possible information concerning each city under consideration. Bishop Burt and Mr. J. G. Lehmann. By invitation of Mr. Hartshorn, Bishop William Burt, LL. D., of Zurich, Switzerland, for the past eight years Bishop for Europe of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with headquarters at Zurich, and for more than sixteen years previous to that time officially identified with the work in Italy, and Mr. J. G. Lehmann, Kassel, Germany, joined him as his guests at Berlin. Because of a thorough and prac- tical knowledge of religious conditions in Germany and the Continent of Europe, and their familiarity with the languages and customs of their countries, these men, both of whom are Vice-Presidents of the World’s Association, rendered invaluable service in conference, and by practical suggestion. 27 The Berlin Conference. One of the most important, as well as interesting conferences of the entire trip was held in Berlin, Monday evening, August 28, and continued from the dinner at six o’clock, until nearly midnight. In addition to the visitors, there were present at this memorable con- ference, Prof. Schueltze, and Pastor Romberg of Berlin, both of whom are prominent Sunday School leaders in Germany. In Nuremburg and Frankfort. From Berlin, Mr. Hartshorn, Mr. Penniman and Bishop Burt went to Nuremburg, Bavaria, where conditions were studied. They were given an informal reception at the Methodist Deaconess House and Hospital, one of the finest institutions of its character in all Europe. In Frankfort-on-Main they were met by a delegation representing various departments of the Methodist Church work in the city, who greeted the visitors, escorted them about the city to halls, churches and hotels, and gave much information that was of practical value, in connection with Frankfort as a convention city. Conditions were such in this city, however, that it was thought best not to recommend Frankfort as the place for the World’s Convention. Four Days in Zurich. From there the party went to Zurich, Switzerland, where they spent four days under the guidance of Bishop Burt. The first two The Tonhalle— The Concert or Music Hall The Convention home. A stately edifice near the center of Zurich. Located in the midst of an attractive garden overlooking Lake Zurich. 28 days were devoted to an investigation of conditions, visits to halls and churches, and interviews with prominent church and Sunday school leaders. It was found that from every standpoint, Zurich would be a most desirable place for the home of the Convention, and it was decided to make such recommendation to the committees of the World's Sunday School Association. The visitors were tendered a delightful informal dinner by* Bishop Burt, at the Episcopal resi- dence in Zurich, and after their departure from the city, the Bishop met a company of the prominent business men of Zurich, and plans were set in motion for the appointment of a strong committee of business men to co-operate with the local representatives of the churches in arranging for the coming of the Convention. Arriving in London again on September 6, by invitation of Rev. F. B. Meyer, whose presidency of the Washington Convention is remembered with so much pleasure, Mr. Hartshorn and Mr. Penni- man were entertained with the British Section at a breakfast. After making a report as to the results of his investigation, Mr. Hartshorn entered into discussion with the British Committee in consideration of the cities visited, and after going over the situation thoroughly, they voted unanimously to recommend Zurich to the American Sec- tion, and on the following day, by cable from Chicago to London, through Mr. E. K. Warren, Chairman of the Executive Committee, the American Section answered, “Zurich approved.’’ His mission accomplished, Mr. Hartshorn returned home to begin work on definite plans for transportation. Already more than a hun- dred persons have registered for the trip to the Convention, and the Pennsylvania delegation has become so enthusiastic over the outlook that they are talking of asking the Committee to assign them a special ship in the Convention fleet. Mr. Hartshorn tentatively sug gests the four following trips: Four Suggested Tours. Trip No. 1. “The Banner Trip.” Boston or New York, via the Azores, Madeira, Gibraltar, Algiers, to Naples. Thence by rail tc Pompeii, Rome, Pisa, Florence, Venice, Milan, The Italian Lakes St. Gothard Pass, to Zurich. Returning by a choice of routes to be announced. Trip No. 2. Steamer of the popular “Neckar” type, if possible from New York. Same itinerary as Trip No. 1. Returning by a choice of routes to be announced. Trip No. 3. Montreal to Glasgow, thence Edinburgh, the Cathe dral Towns, the English Homes of the “Mayflower" Pilgrims, Lon don, Paris, Zurich. Returning by a choice of routes to be announced. Trip No. 4. Boston or New York to Southampton, Plymouth. Cherbourg, or Liverpool. Thence London, Paris, Zurich. Returning by a choice of routes to be announced. 29 The rates for the trips will include all expenses to Zurich, hotel accommodations in Zurich, if desired, a choice of one of the many trips after the Convention to be arranged by the Committee and a return ocean ticket of the same grade as for the outward trip. Every country on the Continent of Europe and in the British Isles may be visited by taking one or more of the return trips. Air. Hartshorn will be glad at any time to furnish information relative to the subject of transportation for the Zurich Convention, and it is suggested that those who are interested in taking the trip to Zurich remit $10 to his office in Boston (85 Broad Street) at once for each reservation, in order to be sure of a place. For the service which Mr. Hartshorn has rendered on his great tour, and for the work in which he is at present engaged, the Com- mittee are profoundly grateful, and wish here publicly to express their appreciation. Water Front— Zurich 30 An Inspirational Su n d ay School Tour of Great Britain By Marion Lawrance Chicago, Illinois 'S a result of the successful Sunday School tour through the largest cities of America, preceding the Washington Convention in 1910, by President F. B. Meyer, of London, accompanied by Mr. Marion Lawrance and others, it was suggested by Dr. Meyer that a visitation of Great Britain and Ireland should be made by Mr. Lawrance at a convenient time as a return compliment to the British Section. Later, upon invitation from them, and from the Sunday School Union of Marion Lawrance London, plans were laid out for him to make a three months' tour through Great Britain and Ireland. On September 13, Mr. Lawrance sailed from New York, and reached home in Chicago, December 13, having traveled about 14,- 000 miles and having visited thirty-five different points; thus com- Beautiful Ruins of Kenilworth 31 pleting what was recognized in Great Britain and Ireland as a most profitable Sunday School Campaign. He made 110 public addresses, and reached, in all, about 77,000 people, the average audience for the entire trip being 700. A Pleasant Reception. Arriving in London, September 18, Mr. Lawrance was met by Sir Francis Flint Belsey, Chairman of the Sunday School Union Council, and others, who welcomed him in behalf of the Sunday School leaders of Great Britain, and everywhere he went, from the moment he landed until he set sail for home on December 2, he was treated with the utmost courtesy and true British hospitality. The meetings of the tour began and ended in London, and reached as far north as Aberdeen, Scotland; as far south as Brighton and Plymouth, England; as far east as Norwich, England; and as 32 far west as Belfast, Ireland. The accompanying map shows the terri- tory covered. The meetings attracted w T ide attention on the part of not only Sunday School workers, but of men prominent in political circles, and large space was given in both the religious and secular press for the report of the Tour. Arriving in Liverpool with Sir Francis Flint Belsey, Mr. Lawrance was tendered a magnificent luncheon by the Lord Mayor in the Town Flail. Fifty of the leading men of the city were present, including the LInited States Consul. In the afternoon and evening, public meetings were held which were largely attended. The next day, at Manchester, began with a reception by the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, with 200 present, and this was followed by a Round Table Conference and an evening meeting with about 1,600 in the audience. Meetings and Conferences were then attended at Halifax, Hull, and Carlisle. In Scotland. Mr. Lawrance reached Motherwell, Scotland, in time for the National Convention of the Scottish Sabbath School Union. This was the largest Convention they have held for a long time. Mr. Lawrance gave a Missionary address at night to about 1,4-00 people, spoke the next afternoon to about 300, followed this by the "Question Box” hour, and in the evening, spoke again to about 1,400. Scottish National Convention at Motherwell 33 From Motherwell, he went to Oldham for the National Convention of the Sunday School Union. It was a remarkable meeting-, much larger than any convention they have held for years. The first day being Sunday, he spoke at a Young People’s Meeting in the afternoon with about 900 present. Then he took the pulpit at the Centennial Celebration of a Congregational Sunday School, and later in the evening gave a short address to 4,000 people in the Opera House, with the Rt. Hon. A. Emmett, one of the Deputy Speakers of the House of Commons, as Chairman. These people had assembled after the regular evening services which were held at six o’clock. The next two days were filled with Convention work, Mr. Lawrance speaking to an audience of 3,000 the last night, Sir Robert Laidlaw, the president, in the chair. He then went to Brighton, to address the National Baptist Union, where about 800 preachers were present. Pilgrims. In Plymouth, Mr. Lawrance visited the very spot from which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed in 1620: this was the most southwesterly point vis- ited. After Plymouth. Bristol, and then a journey to Cardiff, Wales. Mr. Lawrance’s asso- ciate on the program at Cardiff was the Rev. Elvet Lewis, the great Welsh preacher and bard, who is probably the best writer of Welsh poetry now living. The meetings were well at- tended. Meetings were also attended at Nottingham, Eng- land, and Wrexham. Wales, and from there, the Tour led to Aberdeen, Scotland, known as “The Silver City by the Sea.’’ In Glasgow, Air. Lawrance was accompanied by Dr. F. B. Meyer, and one of the best Conventions of the Tour was at this point. The meetings were large and enthusiastic. A conference with about 400 pres- ent, was followed by a banquet. The meeting at night was in St. Andrew’s hall, with about 4,000 present, and was presided over by Lord Rowallan. The platform was draped with five large American flags; in fact, on nearly every platform on the Tour, the American flag was prominently displayed. Home of the Among the English Lakes 34 The next city visited was historic Edinburgh where two well attended sessions were held; then Newcastle-on-Tyne, in England. After this, followed the meeting at Leeds, where the great hall was tastefully decorated with American flags. The Lord Mayor presided, and there was a choir of 250 children who sang "The Star Spangled Banner.’ This was sung at several points and the National Anthems were sung together at almost every place visited. An Unusual Thing. Arriving at Bradford on October 30th, the meeting opened with a luncheon at noon given by Mr. A. E. Hutton, an Ex-Member of Parliament. Mr. Lawrance spoke; also the American Consul. At night, in the Central Hall, there was an audience of 1,300 people A Pastoral Scene in England The American Consul, Mr. Augustus E. Ingram, presided. This was a very unusual thing: and greatly pleased the audience. In Leicester the meeting opened with a luncheon given in the very church where the Rev. F. B. Meyer started as a pastor. In this city, Mr. Lawrance’s associate on the program was Sir George White, who is one of the World’s Treasurers. Across the Irish Sea. From Leicester, the Tour led to Luton, Birmingham, Northampton, Norwich, Haverhill, Ipswich, Huddersfield, Sheffield, Derby, and then 35 across the Irish Sea to Belfast, Ireland. Here Mr. Lawrance was received with enthusiasm, and at the meetings in Assembly Hall, a resolution was passed unanimously, thanking him most heartily for coming to them with his originality, sincerity, and practical lessons for their work. One of the largest meetings in Belfast was presided over by the Moderator of the General Assembly, and the largest one, by the Lord Bishop. In the House of Commons. Perhaps the meeting that attracted the most attention was a luncheon held in the House of Commons on November 27th, given by Sir George White, the member of the House from the Norwich District. The men who were present at this meeting were nearly all members of Parliament who were interested in Sunday School work, and there were about fifty in attendance. Among the speakers was Sir Robert Laidlaw, the Minister of Education, and Lord Kinnaird, Rural England of Scotland. The Chairman was the Rt. Hon. J. H. Whitley, Deputy- Speaker of the House of Commons. He was the man who presided at one of the night meetings in Halifax, and was the first one to propose this meeting in the House of Commons. In the course of his remarks, he said: "Together with many of you, gentlemen, I have spent much time by day and by night wrestling over the problems we have to face as members of the House of Commons. I have really wondered many times if it would not have been a better investment of my time for the good of the world if I had put the same amount of energy into a Sunday School class of six boys.” 36 Leaving the Liverpool Docks for Home Closing of the Tour. The last days of the Tour were spent in different parts of London; on November 30th, Mr. Lawrance met with the British Section of the Executive Committee, and talked over with them the plans for the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention, to be held in Zurich, Switzerland, July 8-15, 1913; and on December 2nd, he set sail for home. These three months spent in Great Britain and Ireland have given Mr. Lawrance an opportunity of studying their Sunday School work at short range. Without doubt, Sunday School interest is rising, and the workers are more optimistic and hopeful than ever in the past. The largest advance has been made along the line of the Primary work, and in this, they are well to the front. The main difference between British and American Schools is chiefly one of conception rather than administration. The adults are not found in the Schools there as here; nevertheless, one in five of Great Britain’s population is in the Sunday School, while we in North America can boast of but one in seven. Their highly organized Schools are filled, for the most part, and have waiting lists. The Graded Lessons are being introduced, and considerable attention is being paid to the improve- ment of Sunday School buildings. On the whole, the outlook is most encouraging in every department of Sunday School activity. Perhaps no words can better express the high esteem in which this Tour is held by all the British friends, and their appreciation for the work accomplished, than the following letter which was handed to Mr. Lawrance just before leaving their shores. It is most beauti- fully gotten up in colors — hand-illuminated — and is bound in a genuine Morocco cover. It reads as follows: 3 / (An Appreciation) British Tour of Mr. Marion Lawrance September 25th to November 30th, 1911 Under the joint auspices of a National Committee representing the Sunday School Union, the World's Sunday School Asso- ciation and various churches Dear Friend and Brother: It is impossible for us to allow your British Tour to terminate without attempting to express to you something of our deep appre- ciation of your efforts. We have elsewhere voiced our gratitude to the brethren of the American Committee for freeing you for the purpose of this Tour. But something more than this is called for. We want you also to know how greatly we value what you have done in the interests of the Sunday School. From the opening of the campaign at Liverpool on September 21st to the closing meeting in West London on November 30th the gath- erings have been full of power. The testimonies from all places visited clearly show your presence and your messages have heartened and inspired Sunday School workers throughout Great Britain. You have helped in lifting Sunday School effort on to a higher plane. You have given a new vision to the Sunday School people who have heard you, and have shared with them the fruits of your ripe experience. More than this, you will henceforth be regarded as the personal friend of all who have come in contact with you, because you have won not only our esteem but our affection. Your visit has in a remarkable way strengthened the bonds between British and American Sunday School people. We realize more than ever that the work is one, and that the conquest of the world for Christ can only be brought about when our Lord's people unite in using every effort to win the children of the world for Him. In bidding you “Farewell” and wishing you a heartfelt “God speed” in your life and labor, we assure you of our belief that your visit here has been of lasting help to all of us. Its influence will remain. Whenever we think of it, we shall “thank God and take courage.” Commending you in love to our Heavenly Father, and praying that throughout your future the “joy of the Lord may be your strength,” we remain, dear friend and brother, Most cordially yours, Signed on behalf of the National Committee, F. B. MEYER. Chairman. GEORGE WHITE, Treasurer, CAREY BONNER, Secretary. 56 Old Bailey, London. November 30, 1911. 38 The World’s Sunday School Association WORLD S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCI- ■ ^ J ATION is interdenominational in character and by co-operating with missionary organizations, and otherwise, seeks to extend the work and increase the efficiency of Sunday Schools, especially in those regions of the world most in need of help: First: By focusing the attention of the Christian Church upon the Sunday Schools as its most valuable agency in promoting a deeper interest in the work of foreign missions on the part of Sunday Schools in the home field. Second: By cultivating a deeper interest in the work of the Sunday School on the part of Missionary Boards of the various denominations. Third: By sending expert Sunday School workers to mission fields to assist in effecting national and local Sunday School Unions or Associations, wherever practicable, and Fourth: By co-operating with missionaries and local and national Sunday School Unions and Associations in mission fields, assisting them in their efforts to secure Sunday School literature, and calling their attention to improved methods of Sunday School work, especially along lines of organization, teacher training, and soul winning. MARION LAWRANCE, General Secretary (American Section ) 805 Hartford Building, Chicago, III., U. S. A. 39 OFFICIAL CALL FOR THE Seventh Convention of the World’s Sunday School Association, Zurich, Switzerland July 8-15, 1913 To All Who Are Interested in Promoting the Kingdom of Jesus Christ Through the Sunday School — Greeting In recognition of the far-reaching aims of the World's Sunday School Association, your Executive Committee has always chosen for its con- ventions, places in which accessibility, historic association and favorable location are combined to a high degree. In the Eastern Hemisphere, con- ventions have been held in the cities of London, Jerusalem and Rome; in the Western Hemisphere, in the cities of St. Louis and Washington, U. S. A. At Washington it was unanimously decided to hold the next Conven- tion in Europe in 1913. After an exceptionally careful study of the situ- ation, involving a visit to many Continental countries by our First Vice- President, the city of Zurich, Switzerland, was unanimously chosen as the place for holding the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention. In the selection of the convention city, we believe we have been guided by a wiser than human intelligence. Zurich, “beautiful for situation,” is in the heart of the Alps. It is the largest city in Switzerland, and an important historic, educational, and religious center. It was the home of Zwingli, the reformer, and the birth- place of Pestalozzi, whose work underlies the fabric of modern educa- tional methods. With its splendid “Tonhalle,” where the sessions of the Convention will be held, and ample accommodations for the entertain- ment of visitors, it would appear that Zurich presents exceptional ad- vantages as a place for holding our next convention. These are days of wonderful opportunity, and ours must be a large vision for a large task. The World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention should be the most effective religious event the world has ever seen. As we fit the occasion to His great World purpose, through the Convention Theme — -“The Sunday School and the Great Commission” — what may not God be able to say to the Nations? Your Executive Committee, therefore, officially announces that the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention will be held in the City of Zurich, Switzerland, July Eighth to Fifteenth, both dates inclusive, in the year Nineteen Hundred and Thirteen. To this Convention, so rich in promise, representative Sunday School workers from all lands will be cor- dially welcomed. F. F. BELSEY, EDWARD TOWERS, E. K. WARREN, F. B. MEYER, Past Presidents. GEORGE W. BAILEY, President. CAREY BONNER, MARION LAWRANCE, General Secretaries. Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A., January, 1912. Chairman, Executive Committee, Three Oaks, Michigan. 40 The World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention Will be held in ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. JULY 8-15, 1913 X N the heart of Europe at the northern foot of the Alps, where the great roads meet that bear the traffic from north to south and from east to west, at the point where the Limmat leaves the lake, lies Zurich, the capital of Swiss commerce and culture, the most important town of Switzerland, with 190,000 inhabitants. It encircles the bay formed by the lake, stretches along the shores of the Limmat, extends to the west as far as the foot of the Uetliberg and climbs the wooded slopes of the Zurich- berg in the east. A City with History. The history of Zurich dates far back into the remote ages of antiquity. On the Lindenhof promenade, now planted with shady trees, the Helvetic erected the fortress of “Turicum” which in the year 58 B. C., after the battle of Biberakte, fell under the power of the Romans. When the Romans withdrew their legions, the Ale- manns became masters of the country and the Roman Turicum be- came Alemanic Zurich. Under the dominion of the German kings and emperors the town acquired importance through the monasteries and Chapter of the Fraumiinster and Grossmiinster, the latter of which is said to have been founded by Charlemagne and the former in 853 by Louis the German, who appointed his daughter as Lady Ab- 41 bess. On the first of May, 1351, Zurich joined the Swiss Confedera- tion, the settlements which had meanwhile sprung up around the monasteries having, after fierce struggles, been declared a free city of tlie German empire. Home of Zwingli. A great impulse was given to the town during the Reformation, the chief leader of which in Switzerland was Ulrich Zwingli. pastor at the Grossmiinster. Italian refugees, who had been converted to the doctrines of the Zurich reformer, and found shelter in the town, introduced the silk manufacture which still forms one of the staple industries of the place. Noted for Music and Art. In the splendid new Art Gallery in the Heimplatz, built by Pro- fessor Moser, are stored the collections of the Zurich Art Society, and here are also held the regularly changing exhibitions of modern art arranged by this Society. The Swiss musicians are unexcelled any- where in Europe. The Convention City. The story of how Zurich — "the city beautiful” — came to be chosen as the Convention City is given in the report of Mr. W. X. Harts- horn’s 8,000-mile tour. The Official Call to the World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention is also given in this booklet. Delegates from every nation of the world are expected to be in attendance; the program will be carried out in both German and English: and the Report of the Convention as well, will be printed in these two lan- guages. World’s Seventh Sunday School Convention. The Convention Theme is as big as the world — ‘‘The Sunday School and the Great Commission.” The music will be in charge of a competent leader who will he able to direct in both German and English. Missionaries and Sunday School specialists from all parts of the world will participate in the program, and there will be a most extensive Educational Sunday School Exhibition given for the benefit of all who wish to study the latest methods in the Sunday School w r ork of the dajv The halls and churches will be of the very best, the stately "Ton- halle” having already been engaged for the main sessions of the Convention. The work of the Program and other committees will be backed up by a strong Local Committee in Zurich, and there is a spirit of co-operation being displayed from every direction which promises the greatest success to the coming Convention. 42 Delegates to Zurich. Hoiv Appointed — All regular delegates are to be appointed by the Sunday School Asso- ciation of the State, Province or Country in which they reside, and will be credentialed by the proper officials of the World's Sunday School Asso- ciation. A limited number of delegates-at-large may be appointed and credentialed directly by the Chairman of the Executive Committee. American Delegates — Delegates from North America should make application for transpor- tation at once to W. X. Hartshorn. 85 Broad Street. Boston. Massachu- setts. Chairman of the Transportation Committee, who will furnish all needed information. Recreation. Recreation of the delegates will not be forgotten, and ample time will be set aside, as well as adequate provision made, for rest and for pleasure trips among the most beautiful mountains and lakes of the world. The Tonhalle Main Auditorium Artistically and beautifully decorated. Seats 2,500 people. Contains one of the finest organs in Europe. Seats for 200 singers on the stage. 43 Two Great Leaders who will be at Zurich A manly man and leader of men — twenty-five years in Europe — resident of Zurich — member of World’s Executive and Program Committees - — wise counselor — loyal Sunday School friend — will have a large part in the local ar- rangements for the Zurich Con- vention. Bishop William Burt This great Evangelist will at- tend the Zurich Convention, and give a number of addresses. His messages will be evangelistic, heartening, encouraging, and given with a view to deepening the spiritual life. Gypsy Smith 44 Department for Utilizing Waste Material 'Gathering from those who have excess; Supplying those who have need.” O NE of the most flourishing departments of the World's Work at the present time is the Department for Utilizing- Waste Material. This department puts Sunday Schools in touch with missionaries of their own denominations, and turns used and left-over supplies into a by-product which is of incalculable value to the missionaries. Though the Department is young, already 2,500 schools have been connected with the Foreign Mission Field and are now sending their left-over supplies to the missionaries. A Practical Illustration of Utilizing Waste Material The picture given above shows one way in which the large Sun- day School lesson picture rolls are used on the foreign mission field. The pictures are helpful in telling the Bible stories in the Sunday Schools, and on itinerating trips. They are used for church and home decorations. At some stations they are given as rewards for memorizing large portions of Scripture. They are in use seven days in the week. There is no “waste material” here. Pictures are used over and over until there is nothing left of them. Any who wish to have a part in helping this most excellent movement should write to Rev. Samuel D. Price, 805 Hartford Build- ing, Chicago, Illinois, giving name and denomination in full, and asking for the name of a missionary to whom lesson pictures and other used and unused supplies may be sent. 45 World’s Notes A telescopic view of the World field reveals progress on every hand. The new Philippine Sunday School Association has just completed a canvass of their field for the securing of 20,000 new members in their Sunday Schools. Turkey is ripe for a Sunday School Missionary, and for two years we have been seeking the man. It is one of the most inviting fields of the entire world. An All-Turkey Conference is to be held in Constan- tinople in June, 1912. and the World’s Association has been invited to send delegates. Those who interpret correctly the signs of the times are convinced that these are days of opportunity in China. If we can reach the children of China through our Sunday Schools, the redemption of that great Nation is assured. The Sunday School leaders in China are doing a valiant work, but their field is large, and they need more help. The First Alaskan and the Fifth Cuban Sunday School Conventions have been reached by our Sunday School representatives, and the Conven- tion for Hawaii, as well. Every year a tour of the West Indies and Cen- tral America is made, encouraging the missionaries, and implanting the newest Sunday School ideas and methods. The Program Committee for the World’s Seventh Convention has held two very important meetings, and a third is to take place in connec- tion with other Committee Meetings to be held in New Orleans, U. S. A., in February, 1912. Plans for transportation, publicity, delegations, pro- gram and other features are well under way, and the greatest success is promised for the Convention. It is proposed to make two Pre-Convention Inspirational Tours with a view to deepening interest in Sunday School work and the Zurich Con- vention. One of these tours is to include the largest cities of Continental Europe, and the other will be to India, China, Japan and Korea. Each Tour Party will consist of representative Sunday School workers from England and America. At the Jerusalem Convention in 1904 there were 1,526 registered dele- gates in attendance; at the Rome Convention in 1907, there were 1,118; and at Washington in 1910, there were 2,780. It is hoped that the Zurich Convention will excel all previous meetings, and that from it there may go forth a Sunday School vision and zeal which will reach into every corner of the world. 46 Two Remarkable Books World-Wide Sunday School Work The official report of the World’s Sixth Sunday School Convention, held in the city of Washington, U. S. A., May 19-24, 1910. This book should be in the hands of every Pastor, and Sunday School worker in the world. It faithfully portrays Sunday School conditions in nearly every country in the world. It contains many matchless addresses by the World's greatest Christian workers — the first carefully gathered Sunday School Sta- tistics of the whole world — an almost exhaustless supply of Sunday School and Mission- ary intelligence, with portraits of many of the great leaders in Sunday School work. Price $1.00, postpaid. Address all orders to the World’s Sunday School Association 805 Hartford Building Chicago, 111., U. S. A. Organized Sunday School Work in America VOLUME XIII A faithful record of the work done in North America during the past three years by the International Association and its auxiliaries This book, gives the delib- erations of the San Francisco Convention in full, all of its business transactions, and the gist of nearly all of the addresses. It contains the latest Sunday School statistics of North America, and is in all respects an encyclopedia of Sun- day School information. Dr. Joseph Clark, of Ohio, says: "The man who regards himself as thoroughly up-to- date on Sunday School work, without having read the San Francisco Report from end to end, is deceiving himself. I have read it twice and expect now to study it. It is a masterpiece.” Pastors, Superintendents, Teachers, and all friends of the Sunday School should own a copy of this book. Price $1.00, Postpaid. Address all orders to the International Sunday School Association 805 Hartford Building Chicago, 111., U. S. A. For Your Library 47 ON TO ZURICH! One of the Sunday School Fleet July 8-15, 1913 Special Notice NEW OFFICES H FTER May 1, 1912, the offices of the World’s and Internation al Sunday School Associations will be moved from 805 Hartford Building to the new Mailers Building, corner of Madison Street and Wabash Avenue, Chicago, U. S. A. where lighter and more spacious offices have been secured which will be better adapted to the work of the Associations.