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THE LIBRARIES
COLUMBIA -UNIVERSITY'
General Library
II
1
1
i
i
1
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iiiiiSM
PILOT'S HAirBeOK
FOR THE
ENGLISH CHANNEL;
CONTAINING CONCISE DIRECTIONS FOK
ENTERING AND NAVIGATING THE CHANNEL, AND FOR
ALL THE HARBOURS AND ANCHORAGES ON THE ENGLISH COAST,
FROM THE SOILLY ISLANDS TO THE NORTH FORELAND.
ILLUSTRATED BY SEVENTEEN PLATES.
BY
Staff Commander JOHN W. KESTG, E.N.
Late JVawil Assistant, Hydrographic Department, Admiralty.
SIXTH EDITION.
" The Christian hath a compass and a chart,
A Pilot who o'er troubled waves can steer ;
A pole-star that doth confidence impart,
And if his light is njirrow it is clear."
LONDON:
Sold by 0 . D. PoTTEE, 31 Poultry, and 11 King Street, Toieer Bill ;
AND BY
A. B. Ddckham, Falmouth ; White Stevens, Plymouth ;
Cox, Fore Street, Demnport ;
S. W. Wolff, 76 High Street, Southampton ;
Bishop, Gowes ; GnirFiN, Common Hard, Portsea ;
And hy all Respectable Book and Chart Sellers in the United Kingdom.
1874.
Price Six Shillings and Sixpence.
The following TESTlMOrriALe'Tia-ve been received by the Authow since the publication
of the First Edition of this Work. Tho first is from the late Emperor of the
French : —
" Plombih-es, le Sljiiillef, 1865.
" Monsieur,
' *' J'ai ret;u votre Manuel des Pilotes de la Manche. (Test un livre bien fait, dont j'apprdcie
le m^rite et qui me parait destine a rendre les meilleurs services, J e vous felicite de I'avoir ecrit et jo
vous remercie de me I'avoir envoy^. Recevez I'assurance de raes sentiments.
" Napoleon.
"Monsieur le Commandante J. "W. King, R.N.,
au Bureau Hydrographique de TAmiraut^."
"Your capital little Pilot's Handbook for the English Channel met with much approval at tho
meeting of the Royal Yacht Squadron. To Masters of Coasters it will be invaluable, as well as to all
Yacht sailors." — The Right Honourable Lord de Kos.
"I am sure your Pilot's Handbook will be of great value to all seamen." — Admiral the Right
honourable Thomas Earl of Lauderdale, K.C.B.
" Your Pilot's Handbook is a most useful work."— 77ie Right Honourable T. Milner Gibson, president
of tlie Board of Trade.
"Your Handbook well deserves the patronage it has received, and only requires to bo better
known to become generally adopted. It was much admired by the Trinity lioard, and thirty copies
ordered. The Chairman of our Examining Committee is so pleased with it that he has also ordered
twenty copies to be supplied to his ships." — Vice- Admiral R. CoUinson, C.B., Elder Brother of (}ie
Trinity.
" Having had much experience in navigating the English Channel, I consider your little Hand-
book a most valuable Assistant to all navigators entering or lejiving it. The Directors of the
Peninsular and Oriental Company think so highly of it that they liave supplied a copy to each of
their ships.'*— ^Vice-Admiral Sir W. H. Hall, K.C.B., Director of Peninsular and Oriental Company.
" Your Handbook is proving very useful to the rising oflicers of the day, as indeed it has already
been to the seniors of the Navigating Class."— Coptom Frederick J. CEvans, R.N.,F.R.S., CJUef Naval
Assistant, Hydrographic Department, Admiralty.
" I feel certain that all young officers when navigating the Channel will bless you." — Commander
J. K. Ji/artyn, R.N.. 3faster Attendant, H.M. Dockyard, Sheemess.
" Your Handbook is just the sort of ready information we all found the want of when navigating
the Cliannel. The illustrations explanatory of the Tides in Dover Strait are particularly asefal, and
if projierly studied will save many a \vreck."^Staff Commander J. F. Boxer, R.N., Harbour Afastei;
Folkestone.
" Your valuable little publication is just what was wanted. I feel certain it will beat all other
Channel Pilotage out of the field." — Staff Captain George Marsh, R.N., Queen's Harbour Master,
Plymouth.
" I consider it a very useful book, and quite sufficient for the navigation of the Channel."— .S/a^
Captain H. A. MoriaHy, R.N., C.B., Master Attendant and Queen's Harbour Master, Portsmouth.
"Your Pilot's Handbook appears complete." — Comma7i 1 n 'fn*f\1Yi Sl'fn^'f l ^ t'i*/\'YVi
\ Sill of Pnrflnnfl (\ frnm fif Pnthp-
Vsliant Iffa'W. It. to St. Ao-nes Lt.
N. 4 W.
98i
Liz&rd. Lts. , . •
90
108
121
Pnrtlnnri T,tq
[ )) J. Ui LlaLlLl J-JlO( . , •
163
WppfllpQ Tit
E.N.E
191
„ St. Catherine Lt.
197
vv. if rv.
4
T jon o"iali i nci Ti'f
J } L-J^^Ll^ XJ L. < * ■ •
TT, 1 "NT
26
T .ivn ?'fl T ltd
44
ft "Fi I1V Til 3 Tji
153
Hauois Lt. (OuernseyJ
S.E. by E, J E.
144
W "hv ^ "NT
vv . uy ±y . -T jy.
12^
J, EunnGl Stouo
S.S.E.
4
"Wolf tt. to St. Agnes Lt.
vv . uy ±1 . ^ j.'t .
201
Seven Stones Lts.
N.W. by N.
12J
TinTip"«5hiTi^ Tit
N.E. ' N.
71
„ Rnimel Stone .....
E bvN ?'n
7
Lizard Lts, . . ,
E.S.B.
23
Til Tifl rtl XitSa to Rurmel Stone
N.W. 1 W.
184
Rame ilead
E. §N.
44
Ti^rljl v'jfnnp Tit
E i S
39
Start Lt. . . . . .
E 8 S
63
J, St, Catlierine Lt. Qjassing ^ m. out-
E. 1 S.
153
flirlp Stni't 1
TlPopliv TTptiri T ."t f ni cijiTi v m mitui/^ci
J-JCUiL-Xlj iACultl. XJli, I IJtloSiilg A ill. UU-LOlLlt/
E s S
212
fttMvt Qiirl ^. in mitsiiflp Owpvci^
llQannpta Tito
,j v^tiauucus j-JLO. .....
S.E. by B. i E.
119
E£anois Lts.
S.B. i E.
103
Ti<1f1 wt-nviA T.* tn St Antlifinv T*t Tit
W bv N J- N
29
Eame Head
N.E. by N.
N.E. i E.'
^ 1
, Breakwater Lt,
10 i
Pranl Pt
E bv S a s
21i j
„ Casquets Lts. ....
S.E. i E.
78 1
,, Hanois Lt. ....
S.S.E. f E.
75
Start lit. to Dowriend Pt. .
N.E. J E.
„ Portland Bill (extreme)
East
49 1
„ St. Catherine Lt '
E. f S.
E. 1 S. (southerly)
92
„ Beachy Head (exireme)
150
„ Casquets Lts. .....
S.B. i S.
57
„ Hanois Lt. .....
S. by E. i B.
60
Berry Head to Hopes Nose .....
N.N.E.
3i
„ Beer Head .....
N.E. byE. fE.
22i
,, Portland Bill (extreme) .
E. by S. i S.
40J
vi
Names of Places.
Portland Bill < extreme) to St. Albans Head
„ St. Catherine Lt. .
„ Cherbourg ( W. end ofhreak-
water)
„ Casquets Lts.
,, Hanois Lt.
„ Cape de la Hague Lt.
Keedles U. to Durlstone Head ....
,, Shambles Lt. i passing J m. outside
Durlstone Head).
,, St. Catherine Lt.
„ Le Havre (pier)
„ Cherbourg ( W. end of hreahwater)
Casquets Lts.
Hanois Lt. ....
St. Catberine Xt. to Shambles Lt.
„ St. Albans Head
Dunnose
,, Owers Lt.
„ Beachy Head Lt.
„ Casquets Lts.
ITab lits. to S.E. Princessa buoy
,, Warner Lt. ....
,, Dean Tail buoy ....
„ Black buoy off S.W. part of Boulder bank
., Owers Lt. ....
Beactay Head (pitch of head) to Owers Lt.
„ Casquets Lts,
„ South Hd. of Royal
Sovereign.
„ Dungeness Lt.
„ Cape Gris-Nez Lt.
BungenesB It. to South Hd. of Eoyal Sovereign
„ Folkestone Lt. .
„ South Foreland Lts. .
„ Cape Gris-Nez Lt.
„ Varne Lt.
Soutb Foreland Its. to Calais Pier
,, Cape Gris-Nez Lt.
„ Boulogne Pier .
,, Varne Lt.
Tforth Sand Head It. to North Foreland Lt.
„ Kentisli Knock Lt. (revolv-
ing).
„ Galloper Lts. [2 fixed Tiori
zontal).
pier to pier) .
Magnetic
Bearings.
5 a
p. a
Folkestone to Calais |
Dover to Calais
,, Boulos:
Houlogne (
(
(
E. S S.
B. by S. i S.
S. by E.
S. by W. i W.
S.S.W. i W.
South
W. i N.
W. i N.
S.E. 1 S.
S.S.K.
S.S.W.
S.W. 1 W.
S.W. i W.
W. by N. i N.
W.N.W.
E. J S.
, E. by S.
E. by S.
S.W. by W. 1 W.
S.W. i w.
N.W. J N.
N.E. N.
S.E. f E.
S.E. i E.
W.byN.! nortlierlv)
W. by S.
S.E. by E. J E.
East
E. by S.
W. I S.
N.E. by E. I E.
E. N. E.
S.E. by E. i E.
E. bv S.
S.E.'i S.
S. i E.
South
S.W. j S.
N.W. J N.
N.N.E. i E.
N.E.
S.E. by E.
S. by E. i B.
S.'E. 1 E.
S. JE.
16
44f
59
48
66
51
14
29i
12J
96
59
64
85
40
29
5
24i
60
66
21
3
li
12S
35
118
7*
29J
52
23J
13
20i
23|
Ui
20*
lis
25i
12i
6
21
28J
•m
25'i
21i
25
VII
TABLE OF POSITIONS.
Place.
Latitude.
COAST OF ENGLAND.
Bisliop Lt.-ho. .....
49
52
SON
6
26
36W
Seven Stones Lt.-vessel
50
3
37
6
4
37
"Wolf Rock Lt.-ho. ....
49
56
43
5
48
27
Longships Lt.-ho. ....
50
4
4
5
44
44
St. Agnes Lt.-ho. (Scilly)
49
53
33
6
20
38
Lizard E. Lt-ho. ....
49
' 57
40
5
12
6
Falmouth ; staircase turret of Vendennis Castle
50
8
44
5
2
45
Eame Head .....
50
18
42
4
13
22
Eddystone Lt.-ho. ....
50
10
49
4
15
53
Plymouth ; dial on breakwater
50
19
59
4
8
52
,, signal staff on Mount Wise
50
22
0
4
10
15
Start Lt.-ho. .....
50
13
17
3
38
28
Portland, upper Lt.-ho.
50
31
18
2
27
18
Needles Lt.-ho. ....
50
39
40
1
35
27
St. Catherine Lt.-ho. ....
50
34
30
1
17
47
Portsmouth ; semaphore in dockyard .
50
48
3
1
5
58-5
Owera Lt.-Tsssel ....
50
38
50
0
40
0
Beachy Hd. Lt.-ho.
50
44
15
0
12
58E
Dungeness Lt.-ho. ....
50
54
47
0
58
18
Varne Lt.-vessel ....
50
56
18
1
16
20
South Foreland Lt.-houaea
51
Q
O
X
99
North Foreland Lt.-ho.
51
22
28
1
26
48
COAST OF PRANCE.
Ushant ; Lt.-ho. on N.W. extreme
48
27
34
5
7
52W
Hanois Lt.-ho. (Guernsey)
49
26
2
2
42
10
Oasquets N.E Lt.-ho. ....
49
43
17
2
22
42
Gape de la Hague Lt.-ho.
49
43
22
1
57
21
Cape Barfleur Lt.-ho. ....
49
41
50
1
16
2
Cape de la Heve Lt.-ho.
49
30
43
0
4
2B
Cape Gris-Nez Lt.-ho. ....
50
52
10
1
34
56
VIII
TIDE TABLE.
The rise of springs and neaps is above the mean level of low water ordinary springs, or
above the soundings of the charts — the rise is about 2 to 3 ft. more at extraordinary springs.
To find range of a neap tide (wliiuh is its rise above the mean level of low water ordinary
neaps), take spring rise from double neap rise.
If the tidal stream is marked 3 knots on the chart, and it be springs, — at 1st hour allow
1 knot, 2nd hour 2 knots, 3rd hour 3 knots, 4th hour 2 knots, 5th hour 1 knot. Take one-
third from each of these quantities if it be neaps.
As It rough general rule, a vessel in the Channel fairway will be carried in one whole tidi;
about 9 m. at springs, about 6 m. at neaps ; the rates will increase nearer the land.
For second higli waters in Solent and as far W. as Portland, see foot note p. 93.
High
Rise.
High
Kise.
Place.
Wilier
Place.
Water
Nps.
F. & C.
Sps.
K. & C.
Sps.
Nps.
h. m.
ft.
ft.
h. m.
ft.
ft.
Scilly (St. Agnes) .
4 30
16
12
Ohristehuroh bar- j
9 0
Longships
4 85
20
14
bour . . l
11 30
! =
—
Mounts bay .
4 3()
16
12J
Needles Pt. .
9 46
5
Lizard .
5 0
141
10*
Hurst . . 1
10 0
in
6
Falmouth harbour .
4 57
16
12'
12 0
Truro (town quay) .
Mevagissey
5 5
5 4
10
15J
6
12
> 1
j Yarmoutli . |
10 o\i
12 0\S ^
6}
Fowey .
East Looe
5 14
5 26
15
16
llf
13
T • ^ ■ S
Lymmgton river i
10 25
12 15
1 n
\ «
6
Plymoutli breakwater
Eiver (
5 37
15i
Hi
Cowes harbour <
10 45
11 45
( 12}
9*
Tamar \
Ryde pier
11 20
13i
10
„ Saltash
5 45
15
11
Oalshot pt.
11 30
13
9}
,, Cargreen
,. Pentdlie
5 47
5 55
14?
13i
lOj
9|
Southampton . |
10 30
12 45
9i
„ O.ilstock
6 6
12 S
^
Portsmouth :
„ Morwellham
6 12
lOJ
el
„ Dockyard .
11 41
12i
10
„ Weir head .
6 17
5i
11
„ Porchester .
11 46
13
lOi
8}
River )
„ Fareham up-
11 47
Hi
Tavey (
per quay
„ Warleigh quay
„ Maristow
5 47
14*
lOJ
„ Fareham
11 51
7}
4?
5 47
8J
H
bridge
Bigbury )
bay \
Spithead anchorage .
Langston harbour .
11 20
13f
10
11 40
13}
10*
„ Eiver Yealm .
5 37
16i
Hi
Cliichester „
11 30
14
11'
,, ,, Erme .
5 40
11
6i
Pagham (entrance) .
11 30
16;^
12}
12}
„ „ Avon .
5 47
11
Selsea Bill .
11 45
16}.
Bolt Head
5 45
15
11
Little Hampton
11 36
16
11}
Sfdcombe harboui- .
5 41
15
Hi
Arundel (bar).
11 35
16
ni
Eddy stone
5 15
16
12
„ (town)
12 25
16
11*
Start .
5 41
15
llj
Shoreham harbour .
11 34
18
13i
Dartmouth harbour .
6 16
14i
10}
Brighton
11 15
19i
16
Teignmouth .
6 0
13
9J
Newhaven harbour .
11 51
20
15
Torbay .
6 0
13J
10
Beachy Head .
11 20
20
15
Exmouth
6 21
12i
Eastbourno
11 3
21i
17
Lyme Regis harbour
6 21
14
Hastings
Rye bay
10 53
24
17}
Bridport harbour
6 5
Hi
11 20
22
17i
West bay
6 13
lOi
7
Dungeness
Folkestone harbour .
10 45
21i
19
Portland Bill .
6 35
9
6}
11 7
20
16i
„ breakwater
7 1
Of
H
Dover hai'bour
11 12
18J
15
Poole harbour . |
9 10
12 45
\ CJ
4i
Deal .
Ramsgate harbour .
H 15
11 44
16
15
12*
12
ix
TO CONVERT POINTS OP THE COMPASS, AND THEIR FRACTIONAL
PARTS, INTO DEGREES, &o.
Points.
Parts.
Degi'ees, &c.
Points.
Parts.
Degrees, &c.
0
I
N.E. or N.W. . . . Y
o
North ob South . . .
O
0
0
0
4:
45
0
0
S.E.orS.W. . . . )
^
1
24
22
46
24
22
t
2
48
45
47
45
48
I
3
45
0
48
45
0
Ji.
4
13
1
a,
8
4
2
i
49
13
7
\
6
St
30
50
37
30
5
■§
!
1
52
52
1
52
o
IT
J
30
U
0
s
62
30
0
1
8
26
15
a
63
26
15
9
50
37
A
L
64
60
37
N. by E. 01- N. by \V. . )
1
11
15
0
N.E. byE. or N.W. by W.%
6C
16
0
S. by E. or S. by W. . i"
S.E. by E. or S.W. by W.)
5
{
8
12
39
22
1
57
39
1
8
22
i
14
3
45
59
.3
\
45
4-
15
0
0
-1-
GO
0
0
3
15
28
7
60
28
8
7
h
16
52
30
X
61
52
2
-5-
8
30
i
18
16
52
63
16
52
9
•i
18
45
0
S
63
45
0
3
t
19
41
15
8
1
7
64
41
15
8
21
5
37
66
5
37
N.N.K, or N.N.W. . ■>
2
22
30
0
E.N.E. or W.N.W. .
8
67
30
S.S.E. or S.S.W. . . t
I
6
0
8
23
54
22
54
1
8
68
22
i
25
18
46
to
I
18
45
"a"
26
15
0
•*
71
15
0
f
26
43
7
-i
71
43
7
28
1
30
°
2
2
73
7
30
29
31
62
74
31
8
A
8
52
2
30
0
0
76
;t
2
0
0
3.
30
56
15
8
3
76
56
15
J
B
32
20
37
4
t
77
20
37
N.E. by N. or N.W. by N.^
3
33
45
0
E. by N. or W. by N. . ^
8
S.E. by S. or S.W. by S. )
1
JIj. uy D. or W. by b. . )
7
78
45
0
8
i
35
9
22
80
8
9
22
31)
33
45
1
SI
4
33
45
37
3D
0
"3
82
30
0
.a.
3?
68
7
3
8
8
\
82
68
7
39
22
30
84
22
30
40
46
52
5
8
85
46
62
2
41
15
0
S
86
15
0
42
11
15
8
i
87
11
15
7
43
36
37
N.E. or N.W. ... 1
B
7
8
88
35
37
4
46
S.E. or S.W. . . . t
0
0
East or WJiST ....
8
90
0
U
X
WINDS AND WEATHEE.
The prevailing winda in the English Ohannol are &om the western quarter.
Westerly gales are felt at all seasons, but tliey are more frequent from November
to March inclusive. Of these, a S.W. gale is considered to ha the most dangerous,
for it sometimes suddenly veers to N.W., North, and even to N.E., without losing its
strength, and causes in a few hours a heavy sea on the French coast.
It has been noticed that those gales that occur during springs are more violent
and last longer than those that take place during neaps.
Gales from the N.E. are also violent, but the wind does not shift as it does with
those from the westward. They cause a heavy sea on the flood stream,
S.E. winds, accompanied by rain, are often violent, and almost always turn into
gales, during which the wind in squaUs flies quickly round to North and N.W.,
making it then dangerous to be caught on the French coast. Moderate winds from
N.W. to N.E. bring fine weather.
Dead calms are of rare ocom-rence. Fogs are frequent.
The wind usually veers or goes round with the sun (right handed in northern parts
of the world ; left-lianded in southern parts) ; and wiien it does not do so, or backs,
more wind or bad weather may be expected, instead of improvement.
With your face towards the wind, in North latitude, the centre of the circling or
rotatory storm will be square to your right. In South latitude, square to your left.
WEATHEB WISDOM.
Continued comparisons of changes of weather or wind during many consecutive
years, in various parts of the world, have proved decidedly tliat there is no regular
correspondence between the lunar pliases and atmospherical changes.
The sooner a change (for fair or foul) follows the fall or rise of the weather-glass
which presaged it, the less time will such weather usually last: and, on the con-
trary, the longer the time between tlie signs and the weather foretold, the longer will
such altered weather last. The thermometer is of less importance as a weather
prophet than the barometer. But when it rises rapidly and unseasonably, S.W. winds
and rain may be expected; and a fall, on the other hand, indicates N.E. winds and
dry weather.
Among the signs drawn &om observation of the sky, the most valuable are two, viz.
that a rosy (not a deep red) sky at sunset presages fine weather ; while a red morning
sky indicates much ram or wind. Gray is the most favourable colour for the early
morning sky, especially if the day breaks first on the horizon. A bright yellow
sunset presages wind ; a pale yellow rain. A gloomy dark blue sky is a sign of
wind ; while a light blue sky is the strongest sign of fine weather. The sun's setting
or rising behind a bank of clouds indicates rough weather ; so do ragged, hard-edged,
or tufted clouds ; but soft, delicate clouds, remaining nearly stationary, show fine calm
weather. When clouds high up are seen blowing in a direction different from the
lower clouds, or from the wind felt below, a change of wind, in the direction of the
upper stratum, will probably occur.
The habits and instincts of animals should also be noticed by whoever desires to be
weatherwise. Tlius, leeches, when kept in water, remain low down in settled weather,
but rise to the surface when wind or rain is impending : and when land birds keep
near their homes, sea bu-ds do not go oiat to sea, animals seek sheltered places, smoke
from chimneys does not ascend straight upward during a calm, and pigs carry straw to
their sties, bad weather may be looked for.
Dew and fog are indications of fine settled weather ; but great clearness of the air
and unusual refraction presages wind, if not rain also. As to the duration of weather,
it may be said generally that westerly winds do not bring lasting weather of any
kind ; while that accompanying easterly currents has more tendency to be permanent.
xi
BABOMETEE READINGS: USEFUL RULES.
In endeavouring to foretell weather, the general peculiarity should always be
remembered, that the barometric column usually stands higher with easterly than it
does with westerly winds ; and with winds from the polar regions higher than with
those from the direction of the equator. Hence the highest columns are observed
with north-east winds in northern latitudes, and with south-east in the southern
hemisphere. In middle latitudes there is an average difference (unreduced or observed
height as read off) of about half an inch, other things being similar, between the
heights of the mercury with north-easterly or with south-westerly winds. The more
gradually the column moves the more settled in character will the weather be, and
conversely.
A BISINS BABOMBTBE.
A rapid rise indicates unsettled weather. A gradual rise indicates settled weather.
A rise, with dry air and cold increasing in summer, indicates wind from northward ;
and if rain has fallen better weather is to be expected.
A rise witli moist air and a low temperature, indicates wind and rain from northward.
A rise with southerly wind, indicates fine weather.
A STEADY BAROMBTEK,
With dry air and a seasonable temperature, indicates a oontiauance of fine weather.
A PALLING BAEOMETEB.
A rapid fall indicates stormy weather.
A rapid fall, with westerly wind, indicates stormy weather from northward.
A fall with a northerly wind, indicates storm, with rain and hail in summer and
snow in winter.
A fall with increased moisture in the air and the heat increasing, indicates wind
and rain from southward.
A fall witli dry air and cold increasing in winter, indicates snow.
A fall after very calm and warm weather, indicates rain, with squally weather.
The most dangerous sliifts of wind and the heaviest northerly gales happen after the
mercury first rises from a very low point.
The tides are affected by atmospheric pressure, so much that a rise of one inch in
the barometer will have a corresponding fall in the tides of 9 to 16 inches, or say one
foot for each inch.
SEAMEN'S PROVERBS.
The Barometer.
Long foretold long last, — short notice soon past.
First rise after very low, — foretells stronger blow.
When the glass falls low, prepare for a blow ; When it rises high let all your kites fly.
At sea with low and falling glass, soundly sleeps a careless ass.
Only while it's high and rising, truly rests a careful wise one.
Winds and Weather.
A red sky in the morning, sailors take warning ; A red sky at night is a sailor's delight.
The evening red and morning gray, are sure signs of a fine day ;
But the evening gray and morning red, make the sailor shake his head.
When rain comes before wind, — halyards, sheets, and braces mind.
When wind comes before rain, — soon you may make sail again.
He who strives the tempest to disarm, must never first embrail the lee yardarm,
Eelating to Hurricane Months in the West Indies.
Juno, too soon. July, stand by. August, look out you must. September, remember.
October, all over.
ABBREVIATIONS used in this work :— ch., chtiroli— E., east— fas., fa-
thoms — F. & C, full and change— Hd., head — ho., house — H.W., high water
— Id., island— kts., knots — Lt., light— Lt.-ho., lighthouse— Lt.-vessel, light-
vessel — L.W., low water — m., mile — N., north — ^nps., neaps — p. page — Pt.,
point — sps., springs— S., south — W., west— yds., yards.
All BEAEINGS are Magnetic, and the DISTANCES are in Sea miles. A
CABLE'S LENGTH is assumed to be equal to 100 fins., or the part of a
Mile. The SOUNDINGS in this Work and on the Charts are the mean of
L.W. of Ordinary Sps. : they are about 2 ft. less at Extraordinary Sps.
BUOYAGE : — The leading principles of the system of Buoyage adopted
since 1860 by the Trinity Board are, that the Starboard side of Channels
entering will be marked by Black or Eed Buoys only, and the Port side by
Black or Eed Buoys Chequered, or Striped Vertically .with White. Middle
Grounds will be marked by Black or Eed Buoys with White Bands or Hori-
zontal Stripes. It is to be observed that only one colour, either Black or Eed,
will be used in the same Channel. When Beacons are considered necessary to
be placed on Buoys, the Starboard side entering, will be distinguished by
Globes, the Port side, entering, by Cages ; and Middle Grounds by Triangles
or Diamonds.
LIFEBOATS are stationed at Sennen Cove, Penzance, Porthleven, MuUion,
Lizard, Cadgwith, Porthoustock, Falmouth, Mevagissey, Fowey, Looe, Ply-
mouth, Salcombe, Brixham, Teignmouth, Exmouth, Sidmouth, Lyme Eegis,
Weymouth, Kimeridge, Chapman's Pool, Poole, Isle of Wight (at Brook
Chine, Brightstone Grange, and Bembridge), Chichester harbour, Hayling
island, Isle of Purbeck, Selsea Bill, Worthing, Shoreham, Brighton, New-
haven, Eastbourne, Hastings, Winchelsea, Eye, Camber, Dungeness, Dover,
Kingsdowne, Wahner, North Deal, Eamsgate, and Broadstairs.
CHAETS. — The following Admiralty charts will be useful when studying
the Pilotage of the English Channel. They may be obtained from J. D. Potter,
No. 31 Poultry, and No. 11 King St., Tower Hill, London, or any other respect-
able chart seller : —
English Channel, No. 1,598— England, South Coast, Sheet 1, No. 2,565—
Approaches to Falmouth, No. 154— Plymouth Sdund and Hamoaze, No. 30—
BiU of Portland, Portland Eoads, &c.. No. 2,255— Needles, No. 2,219— Owers
to Christchurch, including Spithead, No. 2,045 — Spithead, No. 2,050— Dover
Strait, Coast of England, Sheet 7, No. 1,895— the Downs, No. 1,828.
THE
PILOT'S HANDBOOK
FOB THE
ENGLISH CHANNEL.
*,* For the convenience of oiBcers wishing to qualify themselves for Gekxbal
Channel Pilots, that portion of the work which especially belongs to Local
J PiLOTARB, is marked at the side or the page by a Black line.
ENTERING the CH ANWBi.— When about entering the English Channel,
take advantage of every glimpse of the sun, moon, or stars, to ascertain the
ship's real position. If unable to do this, take more than ordinary pains in
revising the dead reckoning, and then, after reviewing the state of the wind
and water for several previous days, make the best allowance for the apparent
set of the swell, for the action of any cross sea, and for the influence of any
probable current.
Be not, however, too confident that because a gale has been blowing from
the W., a current is setting E. into the Channel ; for it has been clearly shown
that in certain cases the long ocean swell rolled by W. gales into the Bay of
Biscay accumulates there so as to form in the cod of that Bay a head of water,
which cannot return W. along the Spanish shore (being met by the incoming
swell), and therefore pours itself to the N.W. along the Erenoh coast, thus
forming a temporary but decided current, obliquely traversing the line of the
Channel entrance, and occasionally extending beyond the S.W. angle of
Ireland. This is not of frequent occurrence, but a vessel without the means
of correcting her latitude may be swept by it N. of Scilly ia the course of a
night.
Attend also strictly to the deviation of the compass, as neglecting to apply
it may — especially in iron vessels — cause great error in the latitude ; and as
in the majority of cases the deviation on the Channel course is easterly, the
error would lead a vessel S. of her supposed position, and of course in the
most dangerous direction if she is entering the Channel on a southern
parallel.
BEST PARAi-iiEii for ENTEKING — Bound into the Channel either
from the S. or W., if certain of the vessel's position, a direct course may be
shaped for the Lizard or Start ; but with uncertain reckoning, the Log, Lead,
Look-out, and Quality of Ground are the only guides. In the latter case (the
latitude being generally obtainable to within a few miles), steer for the edge
of soundings between the parallels 49° 15' and 49° 30' N. By carrying a con-
B
2 " ; " Eiria^aNa she channel.
tinuous line ofsomdings BHtween these parallels, will give the position pretty
accurately, atiill events; gniSniei>t to guard against danger.
S. of parallel of 49° 15' N., and E. of 10° W., the bottom is sand, until
nearing Ushant, when it becomes pale yellow ground, resembling hardish
marl, with a mealy surface ; near Ushant it is coarse gravel, with rocky
substances, which continues along the N. coast of France. The bottom N. of
49° 30' is oaze (soft slimy mud), until within 18 m. of Scilly, when it is fine or
coarse sand, which becomes coarser and darker, mixed with smaU stones, as
Scilly is approached ; but in this latter space there is no oaze.
As a general rule, therefore, in thick weather, and with uncertain reckoning,
when bound from the S.W., run northward when the vessel is E. of 10° W.,
until oaze forms part of the soundings ; and when bound from the N.W. run
southward when E. of 10° W. until the soundings are free from oaze.
Between the above parallels, the outer edge of soundings, 335 to 270 fms.,
sand and oaze, is in 11° 28' W. At 25 m. E. of this is 100 fms., and 25 m. farther
E. the depths decrease suddenly to 75 and 69 fms., fine sand and shingle ;
they then deepen, the bottom being sand and oaze, to 9° 10' W. From hence
to 7° 15' W., the bottom will be clean sand if the vessel is S. of 49° 15' ; sand
and oaze if between 49° 15' and 49° 30' ; and oaze if N. of 49° 30'.
From 7° 15' W. the bottom will be sand to the meridian of Scilly (which
will be then distant about 30 m.), where the depths are 60 to 67 fms., coarse
sand and shells. The course now to pass 10 m. S. of the Lizard is E. 1 N., the
water shoaling gradually, 65 to 47 fms., .sand and shells.
Between W. by S. and S. by E., distant 15 to 20 m. from the Lizard, the
depths are 51 to 45 fms., gradually shoaling to the Lizard, 34 miles from which
are 40 fms. In thick weather do not approach nearer to Scilly than 55 fms.
water, nor to the Wolf and Lizard than 45 fms.
On PARA.XiX.EXi of sciXiXi'S' the bottom will be oaze mixed with sand
until within 18 m. of St. Agnes, when it will be fine or coarse pale white
mixed sand, becoming coarser and darker, mixed with small stones and pieces
of shells, as the islands are approached, but there will be no oaze. Within
this distance, and between S. by W. and N.N.W. from St. Agnes, the depths
will be 60 to 55 fms., gradually decreasing to 45 fms., which is close to the
rocks.
On FARAi-iiEi. of vsKAirT, from 8° W. to about 9 m. of the island,
the soundings decrease gradually from 88 to 65 fms., coarse pale yellow
ground, resembhng hardish marl, with a mealy surface, mixed with broken
shells ; but on nearing Ushant the bottom will bo coarse gravel, with rocky
substances, which continues all along the French coast.
USHANT, lying W. i N. IO5 m. from the N.W. extreme of the French
coast, is 195 feet high, and visible in clear weather at 15 m. Its outline is
rugged and uneven, being composed of high, craggy, and precipitous rocky
cliffs. A Lt.-ho. 85 feet liigh {fixed Lt.) stands on its N.E. extreme, and
another 154 ft. high {revolving Lt.) on its N.W. extreme (see page 105). In
thick weather do not shoal towards it to less than 70 fms.
EUNNING UP CHANNEL.
3
RUNNING UP CHANNEL.
XXZARD to START, E. f S. 63 m. — Steam-vessels from the Mediterra-
nean and Portugal generally endeavour to sight Ushant, and from thence steer
for the Start or Portland ; but it would be prudent for sailing vessels to get
into Pairway of Channel, and then keep between 12 and 24 m. from English
coast, so that, should the wind suddenly shift, they may be enabled to gain an
Enghsh port, instead of being on the French shore, in the midst of dangers,
without a place of refuge, irregular soundings, and strong tides.
By not standing into less than 40 fms. a vessel will pass upwards of 5 m. S .
of Eddystone, in the stream of which are 34 to 37 fms. Lizard Lts. kept
W. -J N. until St. Anthonys Lt. bears N.N.E. clears Manacles. Lizard Lts.
kept just open of Beast Pt. about W. i N., lead direct to Eddystone.
START to ST. CATBERinE PT., E. I S. 92 m.— Start to Bill of Port-
land East 49 m. — From 4 m. S. of Bill to Needles Lt. (allow for tide), an
E. X N. course for 34 m. will pass 2 m. outside Shambles, nearly 2 m. outside
St. Albans Hd., and U m. outside Durlston Hd.
When eastward of a line joining Start to Casquets, a vessel will be in the
W. Channel stream (see p. 91), which will carry her towards Beaohy Hd.
while the water is rising at Dover, and away from it while it is falling there.
Between Needles and St. Catherine Pt. do not shoal at night to less than
15 or 16 fms., keeping Needles red Lt. in sight, or in a large ship not bringing
it west of N.W. by N. After losing sight of Needles Lt. do not shoal to less
than 16 or 17 fms. until St. Catherine Lt. is N.E., when, if bound to Spithead,
haul to the E. to sight Nab Lts. (see pp. 46 and 60).
Guard against the indrcmgKt, both on flood and ebb, into all the deep feights
between Portland and the Owers, particularly on the flood. A vessel will not
be much affected by it on either tide, if she keeps outside Shambles, li m.
off St. Albans Hd., 2 m. off St. Catherme Pt., and 4 or 5 m. S. of Owers.
ST. c ATHERiiu-E PT. to BEACHV HD.— From 4 m. S. of St. Catherine
Pt. to a similar position off Beaohy Hd., E. by S. 60 m. This will pass 4 m.
S. of Owers, and the vessel will not be affected by the indraught. Nab and
Warner Lts. in line, N.W. i N., lead Ij m. S.W. of Boulder bank buoy ; and
(after lo.?ing sight of Warner Lt.) Nab Lts. kept on that bearing will lead 3 m.
S.W. of Owers Lt. Standing towards S. side of Owers, do not bring Owers
Lt. 8. of S.E. by i E., nor Nab Lts. W. of N.W. Standing towards E. side of
Owers, do not bring Owers Lt. S. of S.W.
BSACHY HD. to DUBrOENESS — From 1 m. S. of South Hd. of Eoyal
Sovereign shoals to 1 m. S. of Dungeness Lt., E. by N. 23^ m. To pass 2 m.
S. of the South Hd. keep Seaford cliff just in sight of the pitch of Bcachy Hd.
N.W. J W., until the two high white mills (seldom seen) at Battle come in
line with the town of Bexhill, N.N.E., or Eoyal Sovereign buoy bears N., when
haul up about E. by N. for Dungeness. At night keep Beaohy Hd. Lt. N.W.
I W., or just in sight of the pitch of the Hd. ; this will lead about 1 m. S. of
B 2
4
WOEKING DOWN CHANNEL.
the South Hd., and having rtm about 10 m. distance from the Lt. (allow for
tide),* haul up E. by N. for Dungenoss.
The vessel thus far has been in the W. Channel stream, -which has turned
with the rising and falling water at Dover. In Dover Strait, however, between
Beachy Hd. and N. Foreland, she will be influenced by both W. and E.
Channel streams, which meet at Beachy Hd. when the water at Dover begins
to rise, and separate at Beachy Hd..when it begins to fall (page 02).
SVNCENESS to Dowws.— Dimgeness to S. Foreland E.N.E. 20^ m.
12 fms. water is a safe depth to stand into between Dungenoss and S.
Foreland. Standing off shore do not shoal to less than 17 fms. towards
Eidge, nor 16 fms. towards Varne. There is 8 fms. at i m. off S. Foreland,
10 fms. at 5 m., 14 fms. at 1 m. Having rounded it at the latter distance,
when the S. Foreland Lt.-houses are in line, W. f N., or when the houses at
Deal come in sight, steer N.N.E. i E. for the Downs. ^ Hounding the S.
Foreland in thick weather do not shoal to less than 11 fms., nor deepen to
more than 14 fms., for 18 to 20 fms. will take the vessel E. of Goodwin.
At nthite beacons
on Poimdstone and Old Harry, and proceed up to anchorage off the town.
Should the beacons be washed away, after crossing the bar, bring a small
thatched summer ho. (in trees) on Sandhill Pt., on with W. side of Charles
fort, N.E. by N., and keep this mark on until the whole of Southsand bay is
open, then bring the thatched summer ho. on with E. side of Charles fort, and
keep it so, until Portlemouth Ferry ho. is on with W. extreme of Scoble copse,
E. by N. JN.; this leads in the only channel nearly up to Woodvillo ho.;
then keep in mid-channel to the anchorage.*
MAKING THE XiAKB. — The Start will be recognised from the offing by
its rugged cocks-comb-like appearance, and by the white granite Lt.-ho. {fixed
white Lt., varied every minute by a brilliant flash), 140 yds. within its S.E.
extreme (see page 98). The iive hiUocks on the ridge within the Lt.-ho. are
each 200 ft. above H.W.
The coast from the Start towards Dartmouth is generally low, rising gradu-
ally in the interior. The most remarkable of the peaks which break the out-
line of the Dartmoor range are named Hay Tor and Rippon Tor ; the latter,
1,525 ft. high, has a single culminating Pt., while Hay Tor has a jagged appear-
ance. Eippon Tor, N. i W. leads to the entrance of Dartmouth.
The land from Dartmouth to Berry Hd. is high and undulating. The cliff
at Downend Pt. is 203 ft. high, and at i m. in the interior the land rises to
510 ft. Berry Hd. is a limestone cliff with flat summit, steep-to, 180 ft. high,
and visible 20 m. off.
RocKi^ off START.— Off the S. and S.W. sides of Start Pt. are the Pear-
START TO BILL OF PORTLAND.
Variation, 21° to 20° 30' W.
* Additions to 1874 by Mr. J. H. Hill, Harbour Master.
Plate 5.
Km
Btsty
Church'
ipijvu^tph Sand
■3i:
SSI e
^ ;«TOR BAY «
: -ti: «
••?. ..... Si
6'
d.m
■Askpringtoiia
ye*
noads ^
JO
H
1*
THE START T^.tMCh
DARIMOC
4S»°
22
•20
Scabha
f-i il IB / ^
ft,
26 25
J3
^4
13
Sope^Mose opal of Berry
^ y.lf.E. cUars oR dangers
"% beinwi£errvfff S tlcwstonx.
J3
8 ^ .' F.att>v ^ I J
'-is
30
3Z
i_32
cUars h. sixU of SlterritS. 32
32
32
STAET POINT. — DARTMOUTH HAKBOTTB.
31
tree, Start, and Cherriok rocks. The two former are close to the shore ; the
latter, awash at L.W., lies 2 cables S. i W. from the Pt. A rock with 12 ft. on
it lies 2 cables S.E. i S. from the Lt.-ho.
SKERRIES. — The S. extreme of this dangerous bank of sand and gravel
is nearly 1 m. E. i S. from Start Lt.-ho. From thence the bank extends
N.E. by E. i E., 3i m., with an average breadth of i m. Near its S. extreme is
only 9 ft. water, 2 to 4 fms. on other parts, with deeper oasts between. Its
N.E. end terminates in a sand-bank, 1 m. long, with .3 fms. on it. In bad
weather the sea breaks on all parts of Skerries, particularly on S.W. end.
Clearing Marks. — Berry Hd. open of Downend Pt., N.E. i N., leads E. of
Skerries. — Praul Pt. open of Start Pt., W. i N., clears S. end. — Street ch. on
with high part of Street-hd. cliff, and little open of N. end of Slapton beach,
N.N.W. i W., clears N. end. In thick weather do not shoal towards the bank
into less than 30 fms. at L.W. There is 20 fms. at only i m. outside the
Skerries.
Mewstone peak (Dartmouth) just open of high land of Downend Pt.,
N.E. by E. i E., leads between the Skerries and the land. The W. end of trees
over Widdecomb ho. in hne with N. white ho. in Beesands, N. by W. I W.,
leads between Start and S.W. end of Skerries. To pass between Skerries and
the land at night, keep the fixed Lt. (which is 12 ft. below flashing Lt., see
page 98) S.W. f S., and round Start Pt. at i m. on its N. side, and i m. on
its S. side. When the Lt. bears W.N.W., the vessel will be S. of the Skerries.
START BAV, within the clearing marks for Skerries, affords good anchor-
age in 7 to 8 fms., sand and gravel, except in strong E. winds, when a heavy
sea is thrown in. Do not anchor within i m. of Start Pt., as the bottom there
is rooky. Start Pt. shelters with the wind W. of S.W. Earlstone rock, of
3i fms. water, lies in the N. part of bay, i m. W. by S. i S. from Combe Pt.
xtARTMOUTR HARBOUR (at 7 m. N.E. of Start) has dangerous rocky
patches outside the entrance, but it can be taken at any time by saihng
vessels with the wind from E. (round S.) to W.S.W., and ships can run in
during the heaviest gales. The erection of the new Lt.-ho. and day-heacon
have much facihtated entering ; for the Lt. shows white in the fairway towards
the entrance (see page 98) ; red on E. side of fairway until masked by the
land ; and green on W. side of fairway until masked by the land. Erom
the entrance up to the town is also marked by a small Lt., which shows
white in the fairway ; red between fairway and N. shore ; and green between
fairway and S. shore. The entrance is only 220 yds. wide, but it is bold and
easy of approach, and the harbour has capacious and sheltered anchorage
in 7 to 10 fms. Pilots are always on the alert. A powerful steam-tug is
always in attendance ; and there is a coal hulk for supplying steam-vessels
with coals. Vessels drawing 14 ft. can discharge afloat alongside the rail-
way wharf. There are two patent slips, 450 and 250 ft. in length, and a
gridiron.*
* Additions to 1874 by Mr. G. Peppcrell, Harbour Master.
32
START TO BILL OF PORTLAND.
With the wmd from E. by N. (round N.) to W.N.W., a vessel can always
anchor in the Eange, outside the harbour, for it has good holding ground, 5 to
7 fms. water, with little tide ; it is, however, oijen from E.S.E. to S.S.W., and
with S. gales on the ebb the sea breaks heavily across it ; but with these winds
a vessel can always run in.
LANDMARKS. — The tall square tower of Stoke Fleming eh. on the high
ground li m. S.W. of harbour's mouth. Mewstono islet, 125 ft. high, at li
cables off shore, on E. side of entrance. An octangular day-beacon of gray
granite, 80 ft. high, on the land about 500 ft. above the sea, N. by W. i W.,
distant 6 cables from Mewstone. A stone Lt.-tower, 36 ft. high, on N. shore
of harbour, facing the entrance. St. Petrox old ch., on Battery Pt., the W. Pt.
of entrance ; and Kingswear (a white ruin) castle, on E. Pt. of entrance.
DANGERS ON W. SIDE OF ENTRANCE.-Combe rocks, imcovered at L.W.,
extend a long cable off Combe Pt. Outer Combe dries at h ebb, has deep
water all around, and when seen can be safely approached. Old Combe,
distant i a cable to the W., is always above water, iwag rocks, lying i m.
N.E. by N. from Outer Combe, show at 4 ebb.
Homestone rooks, i m. E.S.E. from Combe Pt., have 4:i ft. over highest
Hd. A buuy, painted in UacJc and iohite rings, lies nearly a cable S.E. by E.
of rocks.
Pin rock, lying i m. E. of Homestone, has 30 ft. over it.
Biackstone rock, 8 ft. above H."W., and lying a cable S. by E. h E. from
Blackstone Pt., has a sunken rock. 80 ft. off its E. side : and there is a shoal
Hd. of 5 ft. nearly in mid-channel between it and the Pt. Small vessels can
use this channel at H.W. by keeping closer to Blackstone rock than to the Pt.
cbeckstone, with only 1 ft. on it, is the outer rock of a group extending
I cable oS shore, a little S. of Battery Pt. A black and white chequered buoy
is moored about 100 ft. eastward of it.
Clearing Marks. — Kingswear castle open of Blackstone Pt., N.E., J N.,
leads E. of Mag and outer Combe.
Kingswear castle open E. or W. of Blackstone rock, leads on either side of
Homestone ; and Stoke Fleming ch. kept 2° within S. extreme of Combe Pt.,
leads close to S. side. St. Petrox ch. just open of Blackstone Ptu, N. by E.,
leads i cable E. of the Vl-feet patch lying about i a cable N. by E. of Home-
stone buoy.
There being only 18 ft. outside Checkstone buoy, a vessel of large draught
should not approach it nearer than to have Kingswear Pt. touching Battery
Pt., N. by W. f "W.
DANGERS ON E. SIDE OF ENTRANCE.-Mewstone is steep-to on E. side.
If the vessel is carried by the tide between the Mewstone and the shore, keep
her in mid-channel, as rooks"extend off both sides.
Verticals are a chain of rocks (some dry at low waterX extending W-
upward i m. from Mewstone. The W. rock dries at very low tides. Give
them all a ivide berth, as they are steep-to, and the lead will be no guide .
DABTMOUTH HABBOUE.
33
Bears Tall rock, at i a cable S. of Outer Forward Pt., dries at L.W.
Kettle and Inner Forward Pts. in one lead over it.
Castle iiedge.— Old Castle rock, of 4 ft. water, is the inner of two shoal
Hds. of a rooky bottom lying upwards of i m. S.W. of Inner Forward Pt.
Castle ledge, the outer Hd. of only 8 ft. water, lies 4 cable within or E.N.E.
of the blac/c hiiay that marts it.
Glearing Marks. — Kingswear castle open of Inner Forward extreme Pt.,
N.N.W., leads W. of Verticals.
Mewstone peak open of Shooter islet, leads S. of Castle ledge ; and to pass
W. of it, keep the castle flagstaff on with the house on Mount Boone, or
Battery and Kingswear Pts. touching, N. by W. i W.
East Blackstone kept i a point open of Mewstone, E. i N., leads S. of
Verticals, Pin, Homestone, and Combe rocks.
DIRECTIONS. — The eddies at the entrance, and the baflaing winds off
the islands, cause some difiiculty both in entering and leaving Dartmouth,
and no square-rigged vessel should attempt it without a leading wind. N.W.
and S.E. are the true winds ; and in leaving, a vessel will be well under
command if the wind is between N. W. by N. and N.N.E., and in entering if it
is between S.W. and S.E.
As before noticed in p. 30, Eippon Tor N. i W., leads towards Dartmouth.
Having made out the entrance, steer for the day-heacon on a N.E. by N.
bearing, until the Lt.-ho. bears N. J W. The Lt.-ho. kept on this bearing will
lead in. Or, keep St. Petrox castle in line with the large ho. , on Mount
Boone, or Battery Pt. touching Kingswear Pt., N. by W. i W., until about
a cable distant from Checkstone buoy, when steer for middle of entrance.
Eecollect that a small rock lies under St. Petrox castle ; a 3- ft. rock close to
Kettle Pt. ; and that the Kettle rock, which dries at L.W. to the N. of this 3 ft.
rock, is about 60 ft. from the shore.
Bound from the E., keep the East Blackstone (see p. 34), open of the
Mewstone, E. i N., until the fairway marks come on.
With scant W. winds the channel may be used between the Combe and
Homestone ; but attend to clearing marks for Combe, Homestone, and Mag.
Small vessels can j)ass between the Old Castle rook and the land, by keep-
ing Beacon hill on with Kingswear castle, N.N.W., which clears the Verticals
and the Bears Tail, and leads inside Old Castle rock.
AT NIGHT. — The white Lt. shown from the Lt.-ho. is only seen between the
bearings of N. f W. and N. by W. i W., and by keeping within these limits a
vessel win be in the fairway channel towards the entrance. (See p. 98.) The
above Lt. is visible 11 m. in clear weather, and kept in line with the ruliHe lead-
ing Lt. shown from the flagstaff 110 ft. seaward of the Lt.-ho., bearing N. f W.,
leads in the middle of the fairway channel. By not opening the red Lt. the
dangers will be avoided on starboard hand in entering ; and by not opening
the (jreen Lt., those on the port hand. Having arrived within the entrance,
the small Lt. shown near the coast-guard station at S. part of town will be
D
34
STAET TO ETLL OF PORTLAND.
seen. This Lt. shows luhite in fairway towards the towTi, red between fairway
and N. shore, and (jreen between fairway and S. shore ; but the white Lt. will
not open oiit in entering nntil Gun Pt. shoal can be cleared.
It will thus be seen that by keeping the vMe Lt. in sight a vessel will be
in the fairway channel towards the entrance, and also towards anchorage within
the harbour ; and by not opening the red Lt. she will avoid the dangers on
starboard hand ; and by not opening the green Lt., those on the port hand.
Leaving in light winds, take care, when near Outer Forward Pt.,the flood
stream does not set the vessel either on the Verticals or inside the Mewstone.
Slie will be in safety when the East Blackstone opens S. of Mewstone, which
latter may be rounded at a ship's length.
The flood at A m. outside the Homestono sets S. of Mewstone. From the
Homestone it runs towards Liner Forward Pt. ; it then turns to the S., and
runs inside Castle ledge and Mewstone. The flood splits at the Blackstone,
and then curves sluggishly towards entrance of harbour.
The ebb sets S. from the entrance until past Castle ledge, where it mingles
with the ofBng ebb, and is deflected to the W. outside the Homestone.
Between DARTiaoVTH and BERRV HD. the shore is dangerous to
approach within i m., there being the following rocks, steep-to : —
East Blackstone rock, 10 ft. above H."W., lies 1 m. S.W. by S. from
Downend Pt., with no outlying dangers. Bootfieid rock, of 9 ft. water, lies
2 cables off S.E. extreme of Downend Pt. Nimble rock, of 3 ft., lies i m. off
shore, a little S. of Downend Pt. Mudstone ledge, with fms. on outer
end, is 1 m. S.S.W. i W. from Berry Hd. Cod rocks are two steep rocky
islets, 50 ft. above H.W. ; the outer rock is i m. S. by W. i W. from Berry
Hd., and \ m. off shore ; there is no channel between them and the land.
The tide turns in-shore 1 h. earlier than in the oflSng.
Ckarmg Marks.— A projecting rocky Pt., i m. S. of Sharkham Pt., open of
Downend, N.N.E. i E., leads E. of Bootfieid. Start Lt.-ho. open E. of East
Blackstone, leads. E. of Nimble, and open W. leads between it and the land.
Hopes Nose well open of Berry Hd., N.N.E., leads outside all danger between
Dartmouth and Berry Hd.
TORBAV has good anchorage in 6 and 7 fms., mud and cjay, sheltered
from N.E. (round by N.) to S. by W., and even to S.S.E. if a berth be taken
up in S. part of bay ; but it is open to S.E. gales, which throw in a heavy sea.
Brixham road, however, having an underset (as in Mounts bay) to windward,
which strengthens with the wind, affords easy riding. The only foul ground
is the Kidge, a small rocky patch of Si fms., from which the Thatcher is on
with Hopes Nose, N.E. by E. h E., and Smoky House mill (a ruin) is on with
the W. fall of a red cliff on S. side of Eoundham Pt., N. by W. i W.
Brixham, Paignton, and Torquay harbours have each 10 to 15 ft. in them
at H.W. sps., 62 to II5 ft. at H.W. nps., and dry out at L.W. ; neither should
be run for with on-shore gales. A breakwater, which shelters small craft,
extends 700 ft. from the land, about i m. E. of entrance of Brixham. Afl,aed
TOBBAY. — TEIGNMOUTH.
35
\red lit is shown on E. pier-hd. of Torquay, .and a similar Lt. on Brixham W.
I pier-M.
DIRECTIONS. — Entering Torhay from the S., — round Berry Hd., wliioh
is steep-to, at a prudent distance, and anchor in Brixham road with Brixham
high ch. and pier-hd. in line, S.W., and Berry Hd. from S. to S.S.E. Large
ships, to secure an offing in the event of a S.E. gale, should not anchor farther
S. than to have Paignton ch. on with Eoundham Pt., N.W. i N. ; nor farther
W. than to have the high part of the Thatcher over the narrow neck of Hopes
Nose, N.E. i N. In the event of parting, the best place to run on shore is on
the beach in Elbury cove, in the 8.W. angle of the bay.
Bound for Brixham at night, to avoid the foul ground off Shoalstone Pt.,
keep well N. of that Pt. until the red Lt. on the pier opens out ; the Lt. then
kept S.W., will lead in clear of the end of the breakwater.
Entering Torhay from the N., a vessel may pass mid-channel in 5 to
9 fms. between Orestone and Plat rock off Hopes Nose. Orestone its own
length open of Thatcher, E. i S., clears all rocks and foul ground on N. side
of the bay ; and with this mark on, and the whole of Torquay pier open of
Beacon hill, N.N.E. J E., is a good berth to anchor in Torquay road.
AsrcHORAGZiS Babbacombe bay, Ij- m. N. of Torbay, affords good
anchorage with W. winds in 4 to 5 fms., sand. Thence to Portland Bill the
anchorage off all the small towns is sheltered only from N. winds.
TEiGNKOiTTK is at entrance of the river Teign, 40 m. N.W. by W. J W.
from the Bill of Portland, and 4i m. N. by E. J E. from Hopes Nose. The
Ness, on the S. side of entrance, is a headland of red sandstone 174 ft. high ;
Ferry Pt., on the N. side, is a long low tongue of loose shingle changing with
every gale. The Lt.-ho., inside this point, on the S.W. end of the Denn, is 37 ft.
high, and shows a fixed red Lt. ; a small shifting red Lt. is placed in a house
behind it. The two Lts. in one lead up to the fairway.
The river falls into the sea through a narrow channel, obstructed by a bar,
which nearly dries at L.W. sps., and as it is ever changing a pilot is indis-
pensable to a stranger. There is 10 to 12 ft. at L.W. in the channel off the
town ; sps. rise 13 to 14i ft., nps. 9i ft., and nps. range 6 ft. The tide at sps.
runs 1 to li kts. from the swingbridge to the moorings off the town ; 3 kts.
below the moorings ; 5 kts. at Perry Pt., slacking after passing the Ness ; and
1 to 25 kts. over the bar.
The bottom off the entrance is free from rocks, and a vessel may anchor
outside the bar according to her draught; but shoal- water extends a long
distance outside the sand heads, there being only 12 ft. at -J m. from the
Ness. To ensure 18 ft. at L.W., keep Berry Hd. open of Hopes Nose, which
also leads i m. outside the sand heads, and is a safe turning-mark between
this and Torbay. This, however, is a dangerous position to be surprised in
with bad weather, therefore at the first sign of it gain an offing.
EXMOTTTH is at mouth of the river Exe, which falls into the sea at the
bottom of Lyme bay, N.W. by W. i W., 865 m. from Portland BUI, and 12J m.
D 2
36
START TO BILL OF POETLAND.
N.E. § N. from Berry Hd. The entrance is at all times diiBcult of access,
unapproachable in a heavy sea, and must on no account be depended on for
refuge. Prom the entrance, which has a long shallow bar, up to Exmouth the
channel is narrow and winding, and as 5 ft. at L.W. must in all probabihty
be crossed, it ought not to be attemj^ted without a pilot. Sps. rise l2i ft.,
nps. 8i ft., and nps range 5 ft.
Exmouth is 1 m., and Exeter 8i m., within the entrance. The principal
commimication to Exeter is by canal, which, commencing 1 m. below Topsham,
is 5 m. long, 13 ft. deep, 30 ft. wide, and terminates in a lock and basin ; the
lock is 120 ft. long, 28 ft. wide ; and the basin opposite the quay at Exeter,
917 ft. long, 18 ft. deep, and 90 to 110 ft. wide. Vessels must lighten to 12 ft.
before they can enter the canal. A floating dock, 530 ft. long, 300 ft. broad,
has lately been opened at Exmouth ; and opening from it a dry dock, 250 ft.
long, 58 ft. broad, is in course of construction. There is a dry dock (page
119) and a steam-tug, at Topsham.
At Topsham lock the tide begins to rise aboTit 2 h. after L.W. at Exmouth,
and it is H.W. a i of an hour later than at Exmouth ; sps. rise 1 ft. less, the
nps. are the same. When the banks at the entrance are covered, both flood
and ebb streams set fairly over them, about 2i kts. ; but when uncovered
these streams run strong through the channel, and their strength increases at
Ferry Pt. to 5 kts.*
DIRECTIONS. — Approaching Kxmouth from the S., — Exmouth ch. N.N.W.
i W., or on with the S.E. house on Beacon hill, leads up to the fairway conical
biioy, striped hlack and white horizontally, with staff and glohc, moored in
5 fms. 1 m. outside the entrance, from which buoy the above bearing is on,
and Mamhead tower (standing on high land S. of obelisk on Haldon hill) is
just open N. of Langstone Pt., W. by N. i N., and Orcomb Pt. bears N. by W.
i W., distant 6i cables. If waiting tide to enter, and the weather will permit,
anchorage can be taken anywhere near this buoy, keeping E. or W. of it
according to the wind.
The N. side of entrance is fronted by rocks, and marked by 5 hUick buoys ;
the S. side is bounded by sands and marked by 4 buoys, striped hlack and white
vertically. If compelled to run in without a pilot, leave the black buoys on
starboard hand, and those strijied hlack and white vertically on the port. The
atmospheric railway chimney (a tall conspicuous red tower) at Star Cross, in
line with Exmouth Pt., N.N.W. 'i W., leads v;est of the first Hack and tohitc
vertical striped buoy, and up to the anchorage in 4 fms. off the town.
Entering from the IF".,— Exmouth ch. weU open E. of a long sandy Pt.
(called the Warren) on W. side of entrance, N.E. by E.. leads outside the
Dawlish rock of 11 ft. water, iying i m. off Dawlish. Straight Pt. kept E. by N.,
leads up to the Eairway buoy. A good turning-mark up to this buoy is to
keep the whole of Exmouth open of Warren Pt., and not to open Mamhead
tower N. of Langstone Pt.
* Additions to 1874 by Mr. S. Bowdery, Harbour Master.
EXMOUTH. — LYME REGIS.
37
Entering from the E., — give Straight Pt. a berth of i m. in passing ; then
Mamhead tower in line with the houses at Mount Pleasant, W. by N. i N.,
will lead inside the Fairway buoy, and up to leading mark for entering.
ANCHORAGES off tbe COAST — At 15 m. E. of Exmouth is Culverhole
Pt., and between are three watering-places, Budleigh Salterton, Sidmouth,
and Seaton, abreast which colhers anchor in fine weather, and land their car-
goes on the beach. Approaching Budleigh Salterton, avoid the Foot Clout
rock, with only 2 ft. on it, lying i m. S.E. by S. of the chapel ; and also the
Otterton ledge, running off i m. S.W. i W. from Otterton Pt.
Sidmouth is in a valley, bounded E. by Salcombe hill, 535 ft. high, and
bounded W. by High peak, 500 ft. high. Beer Hd. is a precipitous chalk cliff,
426 ft. high, the westernmost chalk cliff in England ; on its E. side is a con-
fined anchorage sheltered from N. winds. Anchor with Beer Hd. W. J S., and
Beer village N. by W. 4 W., in 5 fms., sand. Seaton village is a short distance
W. of a small pier and landing quay at the entrance of the Axe, an insigni-
ficant stream which percolates through the beach.
Clearing Marks : — Obelisk in Bickton park in line with coastguard watch-
ho. on shore, N.N.E. i E., leads W. of the Foot Clout ; and Sidmouth ch. open
i point of land E. of Otterton Pt., leads in 3 fms. outside Otterton ledge ; but
all rocky ledges between Exmouth and Beer Hd. will be avoided by keex^ing
i m. off shore.
X7iax: REGIS (22 m. N.N.W. S W. from Portland Bill) has a small pier
harbour which dries out at L.W., but the tide rises 9 to 12 ft. in it at H.W.
sps. The Cobb (a substantial stone pier) runs off S.E. from abreast the
Custom-ho., and the entrance of the harbour is on its E. side, between two
inner piers, the northern one of which is called the N. wall. Tlie Cobb pro-
tects small vessels within it from S.W. gales ; while the Inner pier and N. wall
shelter the harbour from the swell caused by S.E. gales. A heavy sea out-
side causes a run within the piers ; but the bottom is mud and sand. A short
breakwater of loose stones runs off from the Cobb end, and its outer extreme
is marked by a hmcon. Sps. rise 12 ft., nps. 9 ft., and neaps range 6 ft.
Two fixed red Lts. are shown all night in the harbour, one (11 ft. high)
from Inner pier-hd., the other (21 ft. liigh) from Custom-ho. They are 275
yards apart in a N.W. i N. direction. The Custom-ho. Lt. just open E. of
pier Lt., N.W. i -N., clears outer Cobb end, and leads to Inner pier-hd. By
day giva the beacon off the Cobb end a berth of 20 or 30 yds. in ijassing, and
then steer for the Inner pier-hd. This harbour is not commonly used for
refuge, but if a vessel is embayed, she can safely run for it, and save life if
not property. The best time to run in is at J flood. There is a warp, a
capstan, and a lifeboat always in readiness.*
HIGH GROUND and poiiXiOCK are two rocky shoals, | m. apart, with
6 fms. water betweep, lying W. of Bridport. High ground, k m. long, 11:
» Additions to 187-1 by Mr. ]i. Iloddcr, Hiu-bom- Mastei-.
38
STAKT TO BILL OF PORTLAND.
cables broad, and with only 9 ft. water near its S.E. end, lies li m. "W. by N. i N.
from Bridport pier, and 4 m. off shore. Pollock, only IJ cables in diameter,
nearly circular, and with 11 ft. over its shoalest part, lies i m. W. by S. from
the pier.
Clearing Marks Puncknoll knoll (a conical hill, 587 ft. high, with small
ho. on summit), in line with low end of the E. and last cliff eastward of
Burton coast-guard, S.E. by E. i E., leads S. of both High Ground and Pollock.
Down hall (a large white ho., in trees, on N. side of Bridport), on with Brid-
port pier-hd., N.E. by N., leads E. of Pollock. The W. end of North hill (376 ft.
high, the first hill inland of Bridport E. cliff, on with the pier-hd., E. J S.,
leads between the shoals. Thorncomb jjeak (509 ft. high) N.E., leads W. of
High Ground.
BRISPORX (16J m. N.N.W. of Portland Bill) has a small secure pier
harbour, with 14 ft. between pier-hds. at H.W. sps., but the entrance dries at
L.W. The piers, 52,ft. apart, form a straight canal-like entrance in a N.E.
direction, but about 2 ships' lengths within is a projecting wooden jetty, which
narrows the entrance to 354 ft. ; it then expands into a secure basin, 547 by
135 ft., capable of containing about 30 vessels of the tonnage that usually
resort to the port. Sps. rise 12 ft., njis. 8 ft., and nps. range 4 ft.*
Vessels in entering shoot between the piers, and are then tracked in. The
best anchorage outside is abreast the piers, about i m. off shore, in 3 or 4 fms.,
fine sand ; farther off the ground is foul. During S.W. gales the sea breaks
heavily at the entrance, and the harbour is unapproachable. Small vessels
must then seek for shelter in Lyme Regis.
WEST BA.V, on the N.W. side of Portland, shelters from E. winds
(between S.S.E. and N. by E.), but it is a dangerous position to be caught in,
should the wind suddenly fly round to the W., for a heavy sea soon gets up-t
Small vessels anchor abreast the S. end of Chcsilton village, \ m. off shore, in
9 fms., clay bottom, with Portland high Lt.-ho. touching Blacknor Pt., S.S.W.
1 W. Large vessels anchor at If m. off shore, in 17 fms., the Bill bearing S.,
and the abrupt shoulder of the Vern E. 4 S. For the set of the stream, see
Portland Eace, page 40.
BILL OF PORTLAND TO BEMBRIDGE POINT.
MAKINC THE iiATTD,— The peninsula of Portland, 8^ m. long, N.E.
and S.W., and 14 m. wide at its broadest part, is connected to the coast by a
narrow isthmus about 48 ft. above L.W., and when viewed from E. or W.
presents a remarkable wedge-like appearance, invaluable to seamen as a point
* Additions to 1874 by Mr. M. J. Briggs, Harbour Master.
t The bottom is blue clay, and the holding ground excellent within 3 m. of the
shore. — Staff Oommaiider Jolm J. Ball, K.N., Harbour Master at Portland, 1866.
Variation, 20° 30' to 19° 45' W.
BKIDPORT — POKTLAND.
39
of recognition in sailing up or down Channel. Its highest part (the Vcrn,
near its N. end) is 488 ft. high, and from thence the land slopes gradually to
the S.W., terminating in the Bill, 40 ft. high.
Between Weymouth and Eingsted Pt. the coast is composed of a brown
sandstone ; from Eingsted Pt. to Lulworth cove it is chalk cliff, and then
again brown sandstone to St. Alban's Hd. ; from thence to Peverel Pt. it is
dark rook, and then chalky as far as Old Harry. St. Alban's Hd. is a bold
headland 359 ft. high, with an ancient chapel on its summit. From hence the
coast is bold and composed of dark-looking limestone cliffs to Durlston Hd.,
when it bends abruptly to the N., forming the W. shore of the deep bight
between St. Albans Hd. and St. Catherine Pt. From Poole Hd. (in this
bight) the shore curves to the E., and on to Hurst Pt. are a succession of
earthy cliffs, intersected by ravines. Christohurch Hd., 6 m. E. of Poole Hd.,
is a dark reddish-looking ironstone cliff, 120 ft. high.
Throughout Christchiircli bay the land is lower, and still more so towards
Hurst. The Needles, white chalk cliffs, at the W. extreme of the Isle of
Wight, rise perpendicularly from the sea, and are remarkable from the offing
when contrasted with the dark-coloured ground behind them; these, with
the white Lt.-ho. on the outer Needles rock, Hurst castle, the batteries and
Lt.-towers on Hurst Pt., and the red brick forts on Sconce and Cliffs End Pts.,
are good guides for entering the Needles channel.
From the Needles, where the summit of the land is 400 ft. high, the land
gradually rises to the E.— St. Catherine hill, the highest part of Isle of Wight,
being 804 ft. high, and St. Boniface down, above Dunnose, 770 ft. ; from
thence it declines towards Culver cliif, wliich, bemg chalk, contrasts strongly
with the red clay cliff close to the W. of it. From Culver cliff the land
gradually lowers, until it terminates in Bembridge Pt. (See also page 45.)
LANDMAEKS,— St. Georges ch. is near the centre of Portland, and with
the two windmills near it, and the two white Lt.-houses, which stand i m.
within the Bill, and exhibit fixed white Lts., are useful seamarks. On the
extreme Pt. of the Bill is a stone beacon 20 ft. high, the summit 60 ft. above
H.W. At 5 m. W. of Weymoutli is Wyke Eegis ch., a conspicuous and good
mark for clearing the Shambles. At li m. inland of Eedcliff Pt., at head of
Weymouth roadstead, is a large figure of a man on horseback cut out of chalk
on Osmington down, showing white* on the green slope of the hill, and visible
many miles seaward.
The most conspicuous objects at the back of Isle of Wight are : — Nodes
beacon, a large wooden structure coloured black, near the edge of the cliff, at
I^ m. E. of Needles ; the stone Lt.-ho. on St. Catherine Pt. ; the ruins of the
old Lt.-ho., and an old tower on St. Catherine hill ; Steej} hill castle, and villas
and ch. at Ventnor ; Yarborough tower on Bembridge down, over Culver cliff;
and Foreland farm, near Bembridge Pt.
* This mark lias not been cleaned lately, and is getting indistinct. Staff Captain
W. F. Mains, E.N., Harbour Master, rortlund, 1873.
40
BILL OF POKTLiND TO BEMBEIDGE POINT.
PORTXiASTD iiBBGS. — Portland is safe to approach on both sides, but
the soundings are irregular, particularly near the pitch of the Bill, off which
a ledge extends S.S.W. 1 m., terminating in a sharp point. The soundings on
the ledge vary from 3 to 9 fms., breaking down suddenly into 20 on W. side,
18 on S. side, and 13 and M fms. on E. side. There is 5 fms. at 'I cables from
the Bill, 10 fms. at f m., and 20 fms. at 1-i m. The beacon on the extreme
point of the Bill is placed there to guide small vessels against a low shelf of
rock, extending 150 ft. from the point.
FORTX.Aiiri> RACE.— From 2 h. to 11 h., P. & C, there is an outset from
West bay on the N.W. side of Portland of nearly 9 hrs. duration, which closely
skirts the rooky shore, and gradually increases in strength as it approaches the
Bill, where it acquires such velocity as to extend far beyond that point before
it turns to the E., leaving a strong eddy between it and the land. Having
assumed its E. course, it rushes 6 or 7 kts. during spring-tides past the isitch
of the Bill, leaping and foaming over Portland ledge with great violence. A
short distance E. of the ledge this oiitset is met at right angles by a counter
eddy, which sets for 9 hrs. out of Portland bay, running strong past Grove
and Godnor Pts. forming overfalls at times ; these united streams press on
towards the Shambles, which they cross obliquely about E., running 3} Ids.
During spring-tides the agitation is so violent in the Eace as to render it
dangerous for small vessels ; and in tempestuous weather, during the E.
stream, the whole space between Portland and the Shambles is one sheet of
broken water. In N. winds the Eace extends nearly 2 m. from the Bill, and
there are great overfalls beyond that distance ; but with S. winds it scarcely
exceeds 4 m. During the E. stream the overfalls take place eastward of the
ledge, and during the W. stream westward.
DIRECTIONS. — A sailing vessel should never attemijt the channel
between the Bill and Shambles without a commanding breeze. The small
chalkpit (a short distance W. of the man on horseback cut out of chalk on
Osmington down), seen over Grove Pt. (the E. extreme of Portland), N.N.E.,
or the Breakwater Lt.-ho. just open of Grove Pt., N.N.E., leads between the
W. end of Shambles and Eace; but remember that the E. stream sets direct
from Bill towards Shambles, and the W. stream as strongly into Eace.
At night keep Portland Lts. in line, N.W. by N.* (if the E. stream is running
keep the high Lt. open W. of low Lt.), until the fixed red Lt. on Breakwater
bears N. by E. -| E., when steer for it on that bearing — or keep it open and
shut of Grove Pt., about N.N.E., — taking care to preserve a safe offing on
approaching Grove Pt., and a prudent distance when passing and rounding
the Breakwater.
Vessels bound to the W. with a W. wind may, while the E. stream is
running, turn to windward along the E. side of Portland nearly up to the Bill
by keeping in shore ; but if they attempt to round the Bill before the tide
The True Bearing of PorUaiid I^ights iu line is N. 53" W.
PORTLAND RACE. — SHAMBLES BANK.
41
slacks, they will in all probability be swept off shore and carried through the
Eace. Coasters can approach the E. side of Portlancf to 1 cable in not less
than 3 ftns. water ; vessels of large draught should not approach nearer
than i m.
Between the Eace and Bill there is a channel of 3 to 9 fms. water, frequently
used by small vessels, particularly with leading winds. To run through from
West bay, weigh with the last of the ebb, and steer for the high Lt-.ho., keep-
ing the Bill rather open on starboard bow, with which precaution, as the vessel
nears the shore, the tide will sweep her round the Pt. and within the Eace ;
but to shape a course for the Bill, in order to give it a berth, she would be
caught in the strong tide. With a beating wind, work close up along the land,
as it is bold to 1 cable.
In using this passage, remember that the strong eddy tide, or 9 hours' set,
just mentioned, on the E. side of Portland, runs in a different direction to the
one out of West bay. If, therefore, the vessel is so late on the tide as not to
be able to get round the E. Pt. of Portland before the fourth hour of flood, she
had better anchor, to prevent being carried back again into the West bay tide,
or endeavour to get off shore to the E. into the fair flood stream.
SRAMBXiES BANK, of coarse sand and gravel, should on no account be
crossed by vessels of more than 9 or 10 ft. draught, and then only in fine
weather. Blowing hard, the sea breaks furiously over the bank, and instances
are known of small vessels foundering on it. Its W. end (assuming the depth
of 10 fms. for limits) bears from Bill of Portland S.E. i E. 2i m. ; from thence
its direction isE. h S. 2i m., with an average width of f m. It has several
shoal hds. of 11 to 18 ft. water, with 5 to 7 fms. between. The least water,
11 ft., is near the middle of the bank, from which St. Georges ch. is on with
the S. side of Church cove, N.N.W. 4 W. The Lt.-vessel, moored in 15 fms. off
the E. end of the bank, has one mast, and shows a fixed white Lt.
The bank clearly shows itself, except at slack water, by a ripple on N. or
on S. side, according as it may be flood or ebb. On S. side the bank rises
suddenly from the depth of 10 fms. The approach on N. side is more gradual,
but a vessel of large draught should not shoal towards it to less than 10 fms.
Charing Marks :— Wyke Eegis ch. on with the low N.E. Pt. of Portland,
N.N.W., leads over E. end of Shambles in 7 fms. ; St. Georges ch. open i
point W. of Portland mills, N. -J W., leads over W. end in 8 fms. ; and St.
Georges ch. on with the mills, N. by W. i AV., leads over'W. end in 26 ft. To
pass i m. E. of 10 fms. water at E. end of tlie shoal, keep Wyke Eegis ch. just
open E. of extreme low N.E. Pt. of Portland, N.N.W. 4 W. This mark will
lead close to the westward of Lt.-vessel.
Anvil Pt. seen just clear of St. Alban's Hd., E. 4 S., leads 1 m. N. of 10
fms. water on N. edge of Shambles; and the same Pt. open 3° of the Hd.,
bearing E. i N., leads s m. S. of 10 fms. on S. edge. Portland Lts. afford no
guide at night for sailing outside this shoal, therefore do not approach it
within the depth of 20 fms. in fine, or 30 fms. in thick, weather. The tide
42
BILL 01' PORTLAND TO BEMBRIDGE POINT.
at F. & 0. sets 3 to 4 kts., E. by N. and W., over tho slioal, making to the E.
at 3 h. 57 m., and to tlie "W. at 10 li. 17 m.
PORTXiAirs HARBOUR is easy of access, and offers refuge from all
winds to vessels of every class, in 3 to 9 fms., soft mud bottom, good holding
gi-ound. Men-of-war anchor E. of the line of tho two triangular marks,
whitewashed, on the hill side at Castletown in one, S.S.W. ; merchant vessels
anchor W. of that line. If obliged to moor, have open hawse to the N., with
small bower to the W., a good scope of cable out, and (in winter) sheet anchors
ready.*
Bound to this harbour from the S.E,, — if the W. stream is running, keep
Wyke Eegis ch. open (if the wind is light keep it well open) of the N.E. Pt. of
Portland, or at night pass well E. of Shambles Lt., — if the E. stream is run-
ning. Shambles Lt. and red Lt. on N. extreme of Breakwater in one, N. by "W.
i W., is a good mark. After passing the Shambles, the Breakwater Lt. kept
N. by W. i W. will lead up to it, but give the Lt. a berth of a cable in round-
ing. Standing towards Nothe Pt., do not open Blacknor Pt. W. of Portland
castle, S.W. by S. Standing towards Sandsfoot castle, keep Preston coast-
guard (white) open of Nothe Pt., N.E. i N.
" With Portland high Lt. just visible clear of Blacknor Pt., the vessel will
be in 4 to 5 fms. water if southward of Sandsfoot castle : this was the night
anchoring mark before the breakwater was built, and is a good working
mark for light draught vessels."!
WEYMOIJTH ROAD and HARBOVR The road is free from foul
ground, and only open between S. and E. Anchor about 1 m. oif the harbour
in 5 to 8 fms., sand and gravel. The ground is foul within i m. of N. shore.
The harbour has 8 to 9 ft. in it at L.W. sps. ; sps. rise 6i ft., nps. 4j ft.
Yachts and small craft lie up during winter in the Backwater above the swing-
bridge. There is a patent slip, 150 ft. long, 6 ft. on fore-block, 14 ft. on after-
block at H.W. sps., which will receive a vessel of 300 tons. From 14^ to 16i ft.
can be carried uj) tho harbour at H.W. sps., and 12 to 14 ft. from the bridge
to the Backwater, where there is a small gridiron on which steamers drawing
5 ft. can have their bottoms cleaned.
The N. side of entrance of harbour is protected by a stone and pile pier,
running E. by S. from the S. end of Melcombe Regis; and the S. side by a
stone pier running E.N.E. 280 ft. from Nothe Pt., and is continued 370 ft.
farther by a breakwater of loose stones, which cover at H.W. ; the outer end
of these stones is marked by two hlach buoys, tho one on the eastern part is a
beacon buoy, and that on the western part a nun buoy.f
* Staff Commander J. J. Ball, E.N., Harbour Master at Portland, in 1866, remai ks :
— " I am satisfied there would not be one half the vessels go ashore liere in heavy gales
if tlicy had cliain enough to veer to 150 fms. Coasters have usually only 60 tins, on
each anclior ; the result is that tliey are often found on tlie beacli, with tlie loss of all
hands. Ships wintering in the harbour should have the sheet anchors a cook bill,
and at tho cat-heads, instead of letting go from the waiot."
t Statr Captain W. F. Mains, E.N., Harbour Master, 1 873.
% Mr. F. W. Mace, Harbour Master, 1S71.
WEYMOUTH ROAD AND HAEBOUR. — SWANAGE BAY.
43
To avoid L.W. rocks bordering the shore between Sandsfoot castle andNothe
Pt, keep the coast-guard (white) at Preston open of Nothe Pt., N.E. i N. To
clear Mixen rooks, which run off nearly a cable E. of Nothe Pt., do not bring
St. Johns ch. (it stands at N. end of Melcombe Eegis) north of N. i W. Give
the buoys a berth of 200 ft. in rounding, then keep in mid-channel.
At Night. — The two red Lts. at the N. part of the town in line, N.N.W.,
lead to the entrance of harbour, clear of Mixen ; taking care not to open the
high Lt., to the left or west of low Lt. When the two green Lts. on the N.
pier come in line W. i S., a vessel will be at the proper position for entering,
leaving the buoys on the port side. Then keep the two green Lts. in line until
within 50 or 60 yds. of the E. or low Lt., when the depth will be 84 or 9 ft.
at L.W. sps. ; then the deepest water wiU be in mid-channel, between N. pier
and S. quay.
RinrcsTED XiEDCBS. — Eooky ledges border the N. shore of Weymouth
bay. Those off Eingsted Pt. extend ^ m. off shore, and have only 10 ft. on their
outer end.
Clearing Marks : — Lodmoor farm just open of base of cliff at Preston coast-
guard, N.W. J W., leads S. of all foul ground from Eedcliff Pt. to Wliitenore
Pt. Thence to Worbarrow Hd., to clear the outlying rocks, keep Swyre
Barrow HiU (674 ft. liigh) open of Broad Bench Pt., S.E. by E. i E.
ZiVXiWORTB COVE, a circular little basin begirt by high cliffs, has 12 ft.
in it at L.W. sps., and in cases of necessity would afford shelter to small vessels ;
sps rise 7 ft., nps. 44 ft. The clear entrance, 250 iit. wide, is between rocky
ledges running off each Pt. In entering keep ^ over from the E. cliff, as the
longest ledge is on W. side.
WORBARROW BATT, 1 m. E. of Lulworth, shelters from W. by N.
(rormd N.) to S.E. by E. The best berth is between Arish Mill gap and Wor-
barrow Hd., J m. off shore, in 5 to 7 fms., fine sand.
Arish Mill gap (known by its white sandy beach), open of Warbarrow Hd.
(it has a small conical hill on summit), N.W. i N., leads outside ledges ex-
tending i m. off shore between Worbarrow Hd. and St. Albans Hd.
St. AXiBAirs HEAD has generally a race oif it, particularly in blowing
weather, caused by the uneven ground. The overfalls extend 1 m. off shore ;
they have not less than 54 fms. in their vicinity, with 12 and 15 fms. on E.,
W., and S. sides.
SWASTACE BAT, being exposed to the E., is not much used except by
small vessels in fine weather. They anchor on its S. side, -J m. off shore, in 4
to 6 fms., fine sand. Purbeck stone is shipped here from a pier, 273 yds. long,
18 ft. wide. The pier has two cranes that will lift 5 tons, and there is 12 ft.
at pier end at L.W. Sps. rise 6i ft., nps. 4i ft.
To avoid the rocks between Durlston Hd. and Poverel Pt., do not bring
the Hd. to the S. of S.W. by W. 4 W., nor approach the Pt. within | m., until
Swanage oh. comes well open of N. shore of Peverel Pt.. W.N.W. Old Harry
and Old Harry's Wife are two remarkable pinnacle rocks off Standfast Pt.
44
BILL OF POKTLAND TO EEMBBIDGE POINT.
Old Harry in line with Pool Hd. coast-giiard, N. by E. -J E., leads f m. outside
the hlach buoy on the outer extreme of the ledge extending off Peverel Pt., and
over which is a strong tide race.
STJUH-Aun BAY shelters from W. winds. Small vessels anchor in
2 fms. off three remarkable projections in the chalk cliff (called the Yards),
with the Agglestone (a large square rock on a small hill J m. inland) open N.
of coast-guard on Eed-end Pt., W. by N. J N., and Old Harry S.E. by S. Large
vessels anchor farther out according to their draught, with Studland ch. W.
Give Ballard and Standfast Pts. a berth of i m. in rounding.
POOX.E HARBOUR has general depths of 2 to 7 fms., but as the entrance
is fronted by shifting sands, a stranger must take a pilot. Vessels can lie
afloat off Poole, or aground along.side the quays. The channel up to Wareham
has patches of 1 to 2 ft. at L.W., but is navigated by vessels of 20 or 30 tons.
At Poole, sps. rise 6h ft., nps. 4i ft. At Wareham the rise is 4 ft. and 2h ft. ;
the rise, however, depends greatly on the winds.
DIllECTIONS. — Banks of sand having grown up in the Old Bar Channel
(which was formerly the principal passage leading to the entrance of Poole
harbour), it is no longer used, and the buoys have been removed. The deepest
water is now through the Swatch, which has lately been increased in width
and depth. This channel has 6j ft. in its shallowest part at L.W. sps., and
its starboard side is marked by Mack (can) buoys, and its port side by cask
buoys, striped red and white vertically, the third buoy on the port side being
distinguished by staff and hull. The chart gives the loading marks for the
Swatch when it was last siu'veyed ; as, however, from the nature of the sands,
the direction of the deepest water may alter, it will be prudent when entering
to be guiderl by the buoys, leaving the hlack (can) buoys to starboard, and the
red (cask) huoys striped white to port.
From Brownsea, leave the buoys striped red and white vertically to port,
and perches on mud bank to starboard ; also the ball beacon on S. end of
Middle Ground, and red buoy at N. end to port. From thence the limits of
the channel on either side are marked by perches to Poole creek, which has
a black buoy on starboard side of entrance, and a red buoy striped white on
port side.
At Wigbt, if compelled to take the harbour, the Lts. in line N. i W., will
lead through the Swatch, and up the channel, until the vessel is about i m.
from the low Lt., when keep in mid-channel, and anchor abreast Brownsea
castle in 5 fms.
POOXE ROCKS. — In the N. part of Poole bay are shoal patches of 8, 10,
and 18 ft., with 6 and 7 fms. between. The inner patch, 8 ft., lies h m. off
Poole Hd. ; the outer patch, 16 ft., is nearly 1^ m. from Bournemouth shore.
Clearing Marks : — Arne trees (a remarkable clump, 178 ft. high, near head
of Poole harbour) well open S. of Brownsea island, N.W. by W., leads S. of
all these patches; and the whole of Swanage well open of Ballard Pt., S.W.
by W. i W., leads E.
POOLE HARBOUE — BOURlSrEMOUTH — CHEISTCHOROH.
45
BOT7RHEMOUTR PIER is 267 yds. long, 16 ft. wide. Its T head is
36 yds. long, 30 ft. -wide, and has 14 ft. alongside it at H.W. sps.
TIio ground inshore, W. of pier, is foul, and 4 m. from the pier are the
Bournemouth rooks of 14 ft. water; and within them the Darby rocks of 8 ft.
Brownsea castle open of base of Poole Hd., W. i N., leads S. of these rocks
and foul ground ; Durlston Pd. open of Old Harry, S.W. i W., leads B.
CHRISTCHTTRCH iiEQGz:. — Between Bournemouth and Christchurch
Hd. the ground is clean, and the shore may be approached to ^ m. A narrow
ledge runs 2f m. S.S.E. 3 E. from Christchurch Hd., and near its middle, li m.
from the Hd., is a black buoy in 3 fms. ; but remember that there is only
2J fms. on outer part of tliis ledge at twice that distance from shore. Small
vessels, by crossing the ledge close to the buoy, will carry 2.j fms. at L.W.
Olerxriiig Marks : — Priory ch. tower at Christchurch, just open E. of watch-
ho. on Christchurch Hd., N. by W. 4 W., leads along W. side of outer part of
ledge, and this mark may be used until the vessel has approached the shore to
h m., but no farther. Nodes beacon, on Isle of Wight, on with junction of red
and white cliffs in Alum bay, E. by S. i S., leads li m. S. of ledge, also along
the S. side of Dolphin bank up to S.W. buoy of Shingles.
A clump of trees on distant hill open W. of High cliff trees, N. by E. i E.,
or High cliff ho. N.N.E. i E., crosses Christchurch ledge in 2k fms. High
cliff ho. N. i E. leads over tail of Dolphin bank in 44 fms., also E. of ledge in
6 fms., and up to anchorage off Christchurch in about 3 fms., sand and mud,
with Priory oh. in line with Haven ho., N.W., and Durlston Hd. open of
Christchurch Hd.
CHRisTCHimcH HARSOTTR is Only accessible at H. W. to vessels of
5 or 6 ft. draught, as the bar of drift sand at entrance dries at the lowest
tides, and, as it often changes its position, a stranger should not attempt to
cross it without a pilot. Sps. rise 6 ft. on bar, 5 ft. at entrance, 3 ft. at town.
SOUTH COAST OF ISLE OP WIGHT.
The aspect of tliis coast has been given in page 89. Between the Needles
and St. Catherine Pt. the coast must be approached with caution, particularly
in thick weather and during the flood, as that stream sets directly towards
Brook and Atherfield ledges, which extend nearly 1 m. off shore. Chale Bay,
2 m. N. of St. Catherine Pt., has been the scene of many fatal wrecks.
Give the shore of St. Catherine Pt. a berth of i m. in rounding, as shoal-
water extends more than half that distance from it ; also keep i m. off between
this Pt. and Dunnose. The lead will be a good guide when standing into
Sandown bay.
Culver spit is a rocky ledge of 44 fms., extending 14 m. S.E. from Culver
cliff. A small reef, the outer part of which dries, projects nearly i m. from
the base of the cliif. Close to the E. of the cliff is a small space (White Cliff
bay) of clear ground, affording shelter with off-shore winds for small craft
46
THBOUGH NEEDLES TO SPITHEAD,
waiting tide. The E. pitch of the cliff bearing W. f N., and the coast-guard
watch-ho N. by E., will place a vessel i m. oG shore in 2i fms.
No open boats should attempt to pass through the oyerfalls off St. Catherine
Pt. and Dunnose in bad weather. In W. gales, during sps., the sea breaks to
the S.E. of St. Catherine Pt. as violently as in Portland Eace.
DinEOTIONS. (see also p. 3.)— The highest part of chalk cliff on E.
side of Freshwater bay on with Brook Pt., N.N.W., leads im. outside Atherfield
ledges and rocks S.E. of them. A safe mark for small vessels working up
inshore between the Needles and St. Catherine Pt. is to keep the three Needles
rocks open of Sun Corner, or Priory ch. at Christchurch open of Needles Lt.-
ho., N.W. I N. : with the Lt.-ho. only open of Sun Corner a vessel would run
upon the Atherfield ledges.
AT MIGHT do not stand into less water than 15 or 16 fms., keeping the
Needles red Lt. in sight, or in a large ship not bringing it west of N.W. byN.
(see p. 99). After losing sight of Needles Lt. do not shoal to less than 16 or
17 fms. until St. Catherine Lt. bears N.E., when, if bound to Spithead, havil to
the E. to sight Nab Lts. (see p. 59.)
POO KORN'. — A powerful Eog Horn is sounded in foggy weather from
St. Catherine Lt.-ho. The mouth of the Horn (81 ft. above H.W.) traverses
an arc of 215" — viz., from E. J S. (round south) to N.W., and vice versa, and
points in every direction between those bearings from the Lt.-ho. once in each
minute. The Horn gives three blasts * per minute ; the duration of the sound
is 5 seconds, and the interval 15 seconds between each blast.
THROUGH NEEDLES TO SPITHEAD.
NEEDXiES CHANWEI., between Bridge reef and S.W. prong of
Shingles, is ^ m. wide, has 5 fms. at L.W., gravel bottom, and with care and
a fair wind is safe for sailing-vessels of large draught; steam- vessels can
navigiite it at any time when the leading marks or Lts. are visible. For
Directions see p. 53.
BR.ISGZS KEEP ruDS off nearly 1 m. from the Needles Lt.-ho., on the line
of the Needles rocks in one. It is narrow towards the W. end, steep-to on
both sides, and with a ground swell on the sea breaks heavily some distance
from the Lt.-ho.
Leadinn Marks :■ -The S. edge of trees at Hill farm seen just within or S. of
Warden Pt., E. i N., leads mid-channel between W. end of Bridge reef and
S.W. buoy of Shingles. The N. end of same trees kept jmt within Warden
Pt. leads over or near a 19-ft. rook, at L.W. sps., lying but little E. of the line
* The Fng Horn at the Owers gives Hx hinds per mhiute (see p, 102).
ST ALBANS HEAD ^
TO
BRIGHTON ^
O 5
NEEDLES CHANNEL. — ALUM AND TOTLAND BAYS.
47
of Hul'st Lts. in one, N.E. by E. 1 E. — * to the E. of this rock the reef becomes
more dangerotis. The above trees open N. of Hatlierwood Pt., E. by N. i N.,
leads W. of all shoal hds. under 12 ft. on the reef, but close to a 6-ft. rook
lying N.W. by N. i cable from the Lt.-ho. Small vessels hugging the Lt.-ho.
to cheat the tide, should give it a berth of at least 150 yards.
Pepper rook open of Sun Corner, E. i S., leads 2 cables S. of the Bridge,
also S. of St. Anthony rook (which dries at L.W.) and a rook awash, both
lying S.E. of Needle rocks, in Scratchell bay, and dangerous to small craft
making too free with the shore.
Tbe SKiNGXiiss are banks of sand and shingle, uncovered or covered at
L.W. according to the state of the weather. From their N.E. extreme,
which is i m. from Hurst beach, they extend W.S.W. nearly 3 m., and ter-
minate in two prongs ; the S.W. prong has only 5 ft. on it. Overfalls will be
seen on their S.E. edge on the flood, and ripples on their N.W. edge during
the ebb. The N.W. side, except near the W. end, is of gradual slope, but the
S.E. or channel side is steep-to. Use great caution in approaching either side,
for the strong tides, and heavy breaking soa in bad weather, would entail
certain destruction on any vessel that might be driven on them. Their S.E.
side is marked by 3 buoys (see page 110).
Charing Marks : — Milford ch. seen between the two W. houses of Milford,
N.E., leads clear of W. side of Shingles, and E. of E. end of Dolphin bank, the
shoalest part of which, 3 fms., is 8i cables N.W. from the S.W. buoy. Nodes
beacon on with junction of red and white cliffs in Alum bay, E. by S. i S.,
leads S. of Dolphin, and of S.W. prong of Shingles. Hurst high Lt. open its
breadth northward of low Lt. N.E. by E. i E., leads to S.W. buoy. Hurst
Lts. in line, N.E. by E. i E., clear S.E. side of Shingles as far as (but close to)
Elbow buoy ; from thence to N.E. buoy, open the high Lt. S. of low Lt.
AXiXTivi ana TOTXiAND BAYS. — Alum bay, on account of the foul
ground in it, is only used by small craft, and to avoid the tide they anchor
close inshore, in 3 to 3j fms., with the junction of the red and ivhite cliffs, S.E.,
and Hatherwood low Pt. and Cliffs End in line, N.E. by E. i E. The N. edge
of Hill trees open of Hatherwood Pt., leads W. of rocky patches of 3 ft., called
the Five Books ; and the N. end of same trees kept just within Warden Pt.,
leads outside rocky ledges extending off Hatherwood Pt.
Totland bay has excellent anchorage for vessels of moderate draught, par-
ticularly in E. winds, when they will bo well protected by Tinker and Warden
ledges. Little or no ebb is felt, and the flood is not strong. The best berth
is in to 4 fms., sand, with Needles Pt. on with Hatherwood Pt., W.S.W.,
and Nodes beacon S. i E. The least water, 9 ft., on Tinker patches is about
i m. off shore, with the S. end of Hill trees in line with Warden Pt.
* The navigation of the Needles Channel would be much Impi-oved if its leading
mark were a Liglitliouse placed on Bound Tower Pt., and a Light-vessel moored in
the position of the Warden Ledgo buoy. These objects would be a mile apart—
whereas tlie Hurst lights are so close together, that under some ch-cum.stimces they
are almost wortiiless as a guide. — J. W. King, Master of H.M.S. Belhrophon, 1850.
48
THEOUGH NEEDLES TO SPITHEAD.
WARDEN' I.EDGB.— Between Totland bay and Cliifs End the bottom is
foul with rooky ledges, the most dangerous of which. Warden ledge, dries i its
length at sps. It extends N.N.W. 4 cables from Warden Pt., at which dis-
tance the depth is only 9 ft., the lead falling suddenly into deep water. A red
(can) buoy lies in 5i fms. close to its outer edge (see page 110).
Gleurinj Marks : — Needles Lt.-lio., S.W. by W., or Sconce Pt. open of
Bound Tower Pt., E. by N., leads outside Tinker jjatches and Warden ledge.
At night, keep the luhite ray of Needles Lt. in sight between S.W. I W. and
S.W. by W. i W.
From the Warden to Cliffs End, vessels of even light draught must not
approach the shore nearer than to have the whole of Victoria fort on Sconce
Pt. open of Round Tower Pt. Give Cliffs End a wide berth, as detached
rocks lie upwards of a cable outside it. From hence to Sconce Pt. the shore,
if requisite, can be approached to 200 yds.
NORTH cHAKTiirEii, between the Shingles and Hurst beach, is safe at
L.W. for vessels not above 15 ft. draught, provided the wind bo free enough
to use the leading marks. Small craft can turn through, recollecting that the
tide rises only 5 to 7 ft., and that the water stands at the high level for 2 or 8
hours (see foot note, page 93). The only dangers are the Mineway, North
Head, and Trap.
Mineway, a 11-ft. patch, lies } m. from the beach abreast Milford. Hurst
low Lt., nearly on with the S. end of West Hill trees, S.E. by E. J E., leads
well S. of the patch ; Milford ch. seen between the two western houses at
Milford, N.E., leads i cable W.
North Head, a gravel knoll of 9 ft., lies with extremes of Hurst and Sconce
Pts. touching, and Milford oh. N. i E. A vessel will be N. of this knoll when
Sconce Pt. flagstaff opens N. of low Lt. E. by S. I S.
The Trap is a small pit of sand and gravel thrown up at Hurst Pt. by the
eddy on the ebb. It is near the beach and stcep-to ; give it a fair berth.
DIRECTIONS. — Do not attempt the North channel against the ebb,
except in a steamer or with a fresh leading wind, when take care that, in
litigging Hurst beach to cheat the tide, the vessel is kept outside the eddy off
the Trap.
With N. or N.E. winds, a vessel on the ebb might work to the N. with
great advantage at the back of the Shingles. Standing E. do not bring Mil-
ford ch. N. of N.E., until Hurst Pt. is seen coming on with Sconce Pt. when
gradually bring Hurst Low Lt. over S. end of West Hill trees, S.E. by E. J E.,
which will lead in 17 ft. at L.W. When pretty close 'up to the beach keep
midway between the N.E. buoy of Shingles and Hurst Pt.
KtTRST ROAD, on N.E. side of Hurst Pt., is open to E. and S.E. winds,
and is but seldom used, owing to the strong eddies in it. There is room for a
few small vessels out of the tide, but not nearer the beach than to have the
middle Needles rock on with E. side of Hurst castle, or just ever Hurst Pt.
VARiaotiTH ROAD shelters from all but E. winds, especially those
HUEST AND YAKMOtTTH EOADg.— LYMINGTON EIVEE. 49
between E.S.E. and N.E. Entering from the W., do not approach nearer the
foul gi'ound extending outside the Black rock than to have the high tower of
Eefuge ho. open N. of Yarmouth old castle S.E. i S. If of moderate draught
anchor in 7 fms., good holding-ground, about ^ of a mile off shore, with the
mast on Sconce Pt. W. by N., and Yarmouth ch. and castle masts in line
S. i W. If of large draught take an outer berth in 8 or 9 fms.
The greater part of Black rook dries at L.W. sps. A red can-buoy is placed
in lOj fms. a short distance N. of the rock. There is only 6 ft. at L.W. at
47 yds. inside this buoy. (Eor tides in Solent, see pp. 56 and 93.)
Yarmouth harbour has a quay for small craft, and is well sheltered by a
breakwater. The green and tohite (gas) Lts. on the quay in one, S.S.W., lead
into the harbour in 14 ft. at H.W. sps.
iiVnuxcTOU' RIVER flows tlirough the extensive mud-bank fronting
the N. shore of the Solent. There is a chequered red and white can-buoy, in
12 ft. at L.W., on Lymington spit at W. side of entrance ; and the edge of the
mud bank on W. side of the channel is marked by a large ball beacon, called
Jack-in-the-Basket, and with perches ; the E. side of entrance and of the
channel are not marked. For tides, see pp. 56 and 93.)
Entering at H.W., keep Jack-in-the-Basket in line with Lymington ch.,
N.N.W., until near the chequered red and white buoy, which pass pretty close,
also the perches, leaving them all to port. Abreast the town there is 7 ft. at
L.W. sps., and 5 ft. at L.W. nps.
There is better anchorage for small vessels in Lymington road than off
Yarmouth, and less tide. Anchor in 5 fms., sand and mud, with Jack-in-the-
Basket in line with Lymington ch., N.N.W., and Hill trees on with Norton ho.,
S.W. i W. To avoid the Lymington banks, keep the Needles Lt.-ho. or Lt.
shut in with Cliffs End fort, S.W. by W. i W.
BOXEifT BANKS are patches of loose shingle lying in the fairway of the
Solent, midway between Sconce and Egypt Pts., and having only 22 ft. over
the shoalest patch, must be avoided by vessels of large draught. From the
22 ft. the W. edge of Hill farm trees is in line with Yarmouth sand-house. W.
by S. i S., and the coast-guard shed at Eish-house Pt. is in line with the large
chalk-pit on the distant downs, S.S.E. Hurst High Lt. bearing W., leads S.
of the banks. (For tides, see pp. 56 and 93.)
BAMPSTED, SAIiT MEAD, and GVRITET lEDGES At 3 m. E.
of Yarmouth is Hampsted ledge, which extends 2 cables N.W. from Hampsted
Pt. A red (can) huoy marks its N.E. edge in 5 fms.
Gurnet Hd., 14 m. W. of Egypt Pt., is high, and off it are rocky ledges.
The Gurnet ledges extend i m. E. from the Hd., and nearly parallel to the
shore, and at their E. extreme, 2 cables off shore, is a red (can) buoy in 8 fins.
Egypt ho. open N. of the old limekiln, E. i N., leads outside this buoy, but
will not clear the rocks to the eastward in Gurnet bay.
Midway between Hampsted and Gurnet ledges, and nearly i m. off shore,
abreast Thorness wood, is Salt Mead ledge, of li and 2i fms. water, much in
E
50
THKOUGH NEEDLES TO SPTTHEAD.
the way of vessels hugging the shore to keep put of the tide. A red (can) hioy
marks its N.E. edge in 5 fms. Mount trees at Yarmouth on with Hill farm
trees, W. i S., clears it, also the gravel banks off Newton river.
BEAUX.IEU RIVER, on the N. shore of the Solent, has 2 ft. at L.W. on
the mud bar at its entrance, but 4 and 5 fms. within, and the least dejDth is
6 ft. at L.W. up to Buckler's Hard, where sps. rise 10 ft., nps. 7 ft.
The two red beacons (on the shore close W. of coast-guard) in one, N. by E.
i E., lead in deepest water over the bar ; after which the channel is marked by
perches.
XiEFE MiDDiiE, a shoal of If to 4 fms. lying oif Beaulieu river, extends
about 1 m. off shore, and near its S.E. edge is a conical buoy in 4 fms., striped
red and white vertically.
Eaglehurst tower open E. of Stansore Pt., N.E, J E., leads E. of Lope buoy,
and over the E. tail of the shoal in 4 fms. Hill Hd. coast-guard, nearly midway
between Nelson monument and the large chalkpit on Portsdown hill, E. 1 N.,
leads S. of the buoy, and in same depth over the tail of the shoal. The coast-
guard will be rather nearer to the monument than to the chalkpit, and will
be a little right of N.W. Bramble buoy.
COWES is a great place .for yachting, and noted for its shipbuilding
yards and drydocks, the principal of which belong to Messrs. White (for di-
mensions, see page 119), who have docked several 74-gun ships, including the
Meloille, Ajax, and others. Their patent sHp will receive a vessel of 500 tons.
Cowes harbour carries 9 to 14 ft. at L.W. sps. A buoy marks the spit of Slu-ape
bank at E. Pt. of entrance, but the channel, which is on W. side of the buoy,
is only i cable wide, and the tide runs strong. (For tides see pp. 56 and 93.)
The anchorage is safe in Cowes road. The depths are 5 to 7 fms., and the
only danger to large ships is the Prince Consort shoal.
PSXNTCE COKTSORT sBOAi>, of gravel and shells, about a cable long
E.N.E. and W.S.W., and narrow, lies 3i cables E. by N. f N. from the Club-
ho. on W. Cowes Pt. It carries 22 to 34 ft. at L.W. sps., the least depth
being towards its E. part. A red (can) buoy is placed in 4 fms. at 33 yards N.
of the 22-ft. patch.
To pass N. of the shoal, keep the end of Eyde pier open of old Castle Pt.,
S.E. i E.
oiiD CASTXiE PozziTT. — The Shrape is a high bank of mud, extending
E. from the spit buoy at the entrance of Cowes towards Old Castle Pt.,
off which it dries upwards of I cable. As the water is shoal some distance
outside this, a red (can) buoy is moored in 3 fms., li cables N. of the Pt. There
is only 2 fms. at L.W. a short distance within the buoy.
BKAiucBiiE BAWK is a vast accumulation of sand and gi-avel which
nearly blocks up the entrance of Southampton Water. Within the depth of
3 fms. it is 2J m. long, E. and W., and 1 m. wide. There is 8 fms. at t m.
from its 8. side, and 11 and 12 fms. between it and Cowes road. The bank is
marked by 4 buoys, (see p. 112.)
COWES. SOUTHAMPTON WATEE.
51
The general soundings on the bank are li to 2i fms. ; but near the W. end,
about i m. E.S.E. from the N.W. buoy, is a small knoll which dries at L.W. ;
and there is the East knoll of 6 ft. lying nearly 1 m. S. by W. from Hill Hd.
buoy.
sOTTTKAMFTOiir WATER. — The deep-water space embraces a channel
5 m. long, 4 m. wide, between banks of soft mud which cover at H.W. For
3i m. of this distance from the entrance, there is 5 to 9 fms. at L.W. Then
comes Netley shoal with only 12 ft. on it, but there is 4 fms. in the channel on
the W. side of this shoal, and 3 fms. in the channel on its E. side ; from thence
to the 12-ft. bar, the depths are 4 to 5 fms.
Two channels lead to the entrance : one, the E. channel with 14 ft. at L.W.
sps., on E. side of Bramble ; and the other, the W. or main channel with 5 to
10 fms., on N.W. side of Bramble ; but the latter is much narrowed by the
Thorn knoll, upwards of i m. long, with only 2i fms. water, which occupies
a mid-channel position between Calshot spit and N.W. side of Bramble. The
W. edge of the knoll is marked by a buoy, striped red and white, horizontally,
and the N. edge by a red buoy. Vessels with 22 and 23 ft. draught may run
through the E. channel at H.W. The W. channel can be used by any draught
at any time of tide. (For directions, see p. 54.)
Calshot Lt.-vessel, moored in hi fms., S.E. J S., 1^ m. from Calshot castle,
is painted red, has one mast with ball at masthead, and exhibits a luhite light,
weich revolves every minute. A hlach Ref uge hell buoy is placed in 4 fms. on
the S.E. extreme of Calshot spit, 1 m. S. by E. from the castle, and nearly
f m. W. by S. f S. from Calshot Lt.-vessel ; and a conical hlack and white
chequered buoy, with staff and globe (called Black Jack), marks the E. edge,
4 cables S.E. by S. from the castle.
Sed buoys mark the edge of mud bank on the E. side of Southampton
Water, and chequered hlach and white buoys the edge of bank on the W. side,
which latter is steep-to, suddenly breaking down to 7 and 8 fms. On the E.
side is Hamble river, navigable for small vessels up to Bursledon bridge, where
there is 6 ft. at L.W. ; a red buoy marks extreme of spit running out nearly
1 m. from N. entrance Pt. The channel up the river Itchen to entrance of
Southampton docks has 16 ft. in it at L.W. The E. side of entrance to
the river is marked by a red conical buoy with staff and globe. Eor dimen-
sions of docks, &c., see page 119.
There is a double high water (see p. 93), at Southampton, and the know-
ledge that the high-water level remains stationary for rather more than
2 hours, may, in some cases, be important. The 1st H.W., E. & C, is at
10 h. 30 m., the 2nd H.W. at 12 h. 45 m., and L.W. at 4 h. ; sps. rise 13 ft.,
nps. 10 ft. After L.W. the tide rises for 6i h., it then ebbs for 1 h. about
9 inches, when it again commences to rise, and in about IJ h. reaches its
former level, and sometimes higher.
The ebb continues 3f h., and falls fastest 2 h. after the 2nd H. W., at which
time the stream runs strongest in the fairway. At nps. the tide stands for a
considerable time near H.W., but there is no difference in level.
E 2
52
THROUGH NEEDLES TO SPITHEAD.
RTSE JVIIDDI.& BAiTX, between E. Cowes and Stokes bay, is 2 m. long
S.E. by E., and i m. wide, and is marked by three buoys — viz., a can buoy,
striped red and white, horizordally , at its W. end, a chequered red and white
conical buoy on its E. edge, and a red conical buoy with, staff and globe on its
N.E. edge ; the latter is a good mark for the northern edge of the bank, but
it is placed principally as a guide in turning a long vessel after running the
Measured Mile in Stokes bay. The general depths on the bank are 2i to
2J fins., mud, gravel, sand, and shells, and there is 6 fms. close to. The least
water, 2 fms., is f m. within the buoy on W. end, which is E. by N. m.
from Old Castle buoy.
STITRBBISGE BANK, between Eyde and Gilkicker Pt., is | m. long
S.E. 4 E., very narrow, and the least water on it is 16 ft. The W. extreme is
marked by a can-buoy, and the E. extreme by a conical buoy, and both are
striped black and luhite horizontally. The W. extreme is S.E. i E., 21 m. from
the E. buoy of Eyde Middle.
PEBXi and MOTHER BANKS, in the bight between E. Cowes and Eyde,
extend S.E. by E. 4i m. from Old Castle Pt., and termiuate in an Inner spit,
between the Sturbridge and Eyde sand, and in an Outer spit, the extreme of
which in 3 fms. is f m. W.N.W. from W. buoy (W Sturbridge. These banks
carry li to 2z fms. at L.W., and have 5 fms. on their outer edge, which abreast
Wooton creek is li m. off shore. A red can-buoy lies in 20 ft. at 1 m. off
shore on the outer edge of Peel bank.
<2u'ARAMTiN'E GROUiS'D is on the Motherbanfc, N.N.W. of Eyde, and
its limits are marked by 5 buoys. The deep water, 4 to 5 fms., is near the
Lazaretto hulk, moored in 5 fms. Vessels in pratique anchor between the
Sturbridge and Outer and Inner spits of Motherbank in 5 to 11 fms., clean good
ground, and sheltered from the S., with Eyde bearing from S.W. to S.S.W.
B, YDS.— Two piers, 200 yds. apart, extend from the town; the W. pier is
for passengers, the E. pier for railway traffic from pier in Stokes bay. The
W. or old pier is 800 yds. long, 22 ft. wide, and has 7 ft. at pier-end at L.W.
sps. The E. pier is 400 yds. long, 30 ft. wide, with 4i ft. water at pier-end.
Sps. rise 134 ft., nps. 10 ft., and nps. range 61 ft.
Eive sets of screw moorings are laid down on each side of E. pier. On the
shore between the piers is a tidal basin and dry-dock. The basin, 220 ft.,
long, 110 ft. wide, has 8i ft. in it at H.W. sps., 5i ft. at nps. The dock,
250 ft. long, 20ft. wide at entrance, has 8 ft. over sill at H.W. sps., 5 ft. at nps.
STOKES BAY A pier, 200 yds. long, 20 yds. broad, runs off from the
shore of this bay. The pier-hd. is diamond-shaped, 80 yds. long, 30 yds
broad, and there is 6 ft. alongside it at L.W. sps.
laEASVRES MUE. — Tlio two beacon buoys, painted white with red-
staff and globe, moored N.W. and S.E. of each other off Stokes bay, are for
the purpose of indicating the course of the Measured Mile. The buoys are
placed a cable's length from either end of the Measured Mile, the limits of
which are shown by beacons on the shore ; but as the course between the buoys
RYDE. — DIKECTIONS THEOUGH THE NEEDLES.
53
is not more than li cables outside the bank of 3i fathoms in Stokes bay, ships
of heavy draught should not turn inwards or towards the shore.
siRECTioitrs tbrouirb NBEBI.ES. — With Portland Lts. in hne,
N.W. by N. distant 5 m., or Shambles Lt. N.E. by N. 3 m., an E. course for
30 m. will (allow for tide) take a vessel 2 m. outside St. Albans Hd., li m.
outside Durlston Hd., and towards the Needles Channel. (For tides, see pp. 55
and 93.)
If of moderate draught, and the sea is smooth, the Hurst Lts. in line,
N.E. by E. i E., will lead over the Bridge in 24 ft. at L.W. sps. ; but remember
that, as these Lts. are so close together, this mark viay lead but little W. of
a 19-ft. rock (see page 46). As the Elbow buoy is approached open Hurst
high Lt. its breadth S. of low Lt., but do not bring the Needles Lt.-ho. W.
of S.W. by W. until the whole of Victoria fort on Sconce Pt. opens of Bound
Tower Pt., to clear Tinker, Warden, and How ledges ; then borrow a little
towards the island shore to avoid the eddies off Hurst.
If of heavy draught, steer towards the S.W. buoy of Shingles with Hurst
high Lt. open its breadth northward of low Lt., N.E. by E. i E., until S. edge
of Hill farm trees is just within or S. of Warden Pt., E. i N. This latter mark
leads through the 5-fms. channel between S.W. buoy and Bridge, and when
Hur.st Lts. come in line proceed as before.
Nodes beacon on with junction of red and white cliffs in Alum bay,
E. by S. i S., or Needles Lt.-ho., E. by S. I S., lead also through this channel,
and when Hurst Lts. are in line, proceed as before.
A handy vessel under able management can turn tlirough the Needles.
The Shingles is the safe side on the flood, the island side on the ebb. It
would be better on the ebb, when abreast Hurst beach, to throw the vessel's
head towards the island and drop out with the tide.
AT NIGHT, remember that the Needles Lt. shows white in the direction of
entrance of Needles channel; that is, its S. limit bearing E. i N. passes
Ij m. S. of Durlston Hd.. and 2 cables S. of the outer part of the Bridge ; and
that its N. limit E. by S. i S. passes 2 cables S. of Dolphin bank and li cables
S. of S.W. buoy of Shingles. The ray of white Lt. thrown towards Hurst,
bearing between S.W. J W. and S.W. by W. i W., is to clear Warden ledge
and Shingles (see p. 100).
As a general rule a stranger should never attempt to enter unless Hurst
Lts. are in sight, and always have an anchor ready. If the vessel is of
moderate draught, cross the bridge with the Lts. in line N.E. by E. i E.
When nearing the Elbow, or when Needles red Lt. bears S.S.W., open Hurst
high Lt. a little S. of low Lt.
After passing the Elbow, a safe way is to keep just within the N. limit of
the ray of Needles white Lt., S.W. i W., which will clear the Warden. As
the vessel nears Hurst take care to avoid the eddy off that point on the flood,
and the indraught of the North channel on the ebb.
If of heavy draught, steer in under easy sail with Hurst high Lt.
N.E. by E. -4 E., and the first cast under 10 fms. at L.W. will be a warning
54
THROUGH NEEDLES TO SPITHEAD.
that the vessel is 1 m. from the S.W. buoy, and that the Needles Lt. is about
to alter from red to white. Keep Hurst Lt. on this bearing, the water
shoaling to 6 or 5 fms., until Needles ivhite Lt. bears E. by S. i S., then edge
quickly to the E. to get Hurst Lts. in line, when proceed as before.
Proceeding outwards on the ebb, when abreast Hurst, keep just within the
N. limit of ray of Needles white Lt., bearing S.W. i W., until clear of Warden,
when open Needles red Lt. a little, taking care to keep Hurst high Lt. open S.
of low Lt. until well below Elbow buoy, or ujitil Needles Lt. bears S.S.W.,
when proceed with Hurst Lts. in line over the Bridge ; or if the vessel is of
large draught, proceed towards the Bridge with the Lts. in line, and directly
Needles Lt. changes from red to white haul out W.N.W. to avoid the Bridge.
The ebb sweeps strongly over the Shingles from Hurst to abreast Totland bay.
SIRECTEOirs tbrougb tbe SOKENTT to SOTTTHAMPTON' and SPIT-
Hs A D. — Egypt Pt. bears East 9 J- m. from Hurst Pt. A vessel of large draught
•had better pass S. of Solent banks, and she will do so by keeping about 4 m.
from the island shore. At night. Hurst high Lt. kept on a W. bearing will
lead S. of these banks. Hill farm trees on with E. end of N. side of Yarmouth,
and well open N. of Mount trees at Yarmouth, W. i S., leads in fairway from
off Hampsted Pt. to Egypt Pt.
Turning to Windward, — to avoid the long mud flats on N. shore, do not
bring Hurst high Lt. S. of W. 4 S. until abreast Egypt Pt., nor shoal to less
than 6 or 7 fms. To avoid the ledges on S. shore between Hampsted and
Egyipt Pts., keep a good 4 m. oS shore, and do not shoal to less than 8 or
7 fms.
If hound to Southa'in^ilon , — Calshot Lt.-vessel or Lt. kept on an E.N.E
bearing (when it will appear a little S. of the black Refuge bell-buoy on
Calshot spit), will lead through the main chaimel on W. side of Bramble,
between buoys on Thorn knoll and Eefuge bell-buoy.* When about 2 cables
W. of Lt.-vessel, or when Calshot castle bears N.N.W. 4 W., steer to bring the
Lt.-vessel astern S. by E. 4 E., steering N. by W. 4 W. in mid-channel, leaving
the chequered hlack and vjhitc buoys to port, and red buoys to starboard. The
two Lts. on the dock pier-hds. in one, N.N.E. J E., lead up the Itchen in
16 ft. at L.W. sps., to entrance of docks.
To sail through the channel on E. side of Bramble, keep Calshot castle
twice its breadth open S. of Calshot Lt.-vessel, N.W. 4 N., passing 1 cable
eastward of E. Bramble buoy, and close to W. side of Hill Hd. buoy; then
passing 2 cables W. of Lt.-vessel, proceed as before.
Bound to Spithead, S. of Byde Middle, — pass through Cowes road (if of
heavy draught pass N. of red buoy on Prince Consort shoal), and between red
buoy off Old Castle Pt. and the buoy striped red and wlnte horizontally on W.
* Eaglehurst tower kept on a N 4 E. bearing until the Lt. vessel bears E.N.E., or
a remarkable tlu-ee gable red brick house (which is about 2 m. N.E. of Hill Hd.), a
sail's breadth open N. of Lt.-vessel, B.N.B. nearly, will load to the entrance of this
channel ; then either of these marks will clear the Thorn and lead up to Lt-vessel.
;EDLES & SOLENT CHANNELS
AND
SPITHEAD.
3 MILES
(nans)
r
Seitinor
12
9 '''}" M^si"^:^ e 7 7 ^ 7e^^ , - T"*?■V»ra^A<•^'
; isle of wight
^ , -^'-l.^v 9' -d4j< '*:>^ -^^^
Down Towtr
tett
Wf a 7 5 ^ J,
JO
JO
JO
10 iZ
J2
S.£
4
E. by S. i S.
Slack.
E. by S.
E. by S. i S.
cT
E. by S.
E.| S.
t
E. iS.
N. E.byE.iE.
s"
a
E. by S.
Slack.
.
5
2
W. by N.
w. ts.
1
o
W. i N.
W. i N.
1
Turning.
W. by S. i S.
^-
d;
S.W.byW.iW.
S. W. by W.
u
a
Slack.
W. by N.
I
O
W. by N. i N.
N.W. i W.
Between Lines joining Start to Casquets, and Beachy Head to Pointe d'Ailly.
Hours.
West part.
w
Centre.
1
East part.
Rate.
Over
Hurds Deep.
Eate.
Off Cape
Barfleur.
Eate.
' I
W. iN.
W. by N. i N.
Turning.
42
W. 1 S.
N.W.
S
s
2
W. by N. i N.
s
N.W. by W. i W.
W. by N. i N.
0
W. iS.
0
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N.W.
1- o
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N.W. by W. i W.
W. by N. i N.
. — *—
W. iS.
N.W.
M
4
W. iS.
W.N.W.
0
W. JN.
W.S.W.
r
N.W.
5
W. iS.
W.N.W.
W. by N.
•a
W. by S. i S.
N.W.
.«
■5
N.N.E. i E.
0 .£3
.sS
W. by N. i N.
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Slack.
ID'S
N.W.
S3 0,
E.iS.
E.S.E.
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— , — ■
E. by S. i S.
ca
E.iS.
S.E.
2
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4
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Remarks.
; Tides separate on
I Line joining, Bi'achy Hd. .md St. Valery .
„ Hastings and Treport
„ Hastinfj;s and Cayeux ,
„ Folkestone and Calais.
„ S. Foreland and Gravelines
( „ Ramsgate and Nicuport,
I pa.s>ing over N. Sand Hd.,
I the S. Line of Falls, and
[ banks off Nieuport .
f Tides meet on
( Lines joining, Beachy Hd. and Pte. d'Ailly
I „ BexhiU and Cayeux, both
streams turning down to-
' wards River Somme
', „ Rye and River Somnic, pass-
ing over Bassurelle, both
' tides setting to the Somme
„ Dungeness and Tonqnet Pt.
„ Dover and Dunkerque nearly
Line of separation.
W. by N.
W. i N.
W. i N.
W. by S.
S.W.byW.iW.
W. by S.
N.E. by E. i R.
N.E. by E. i E.
E.N.E.
KN.E.
N.E. by E. i E.
fE. iN. audi
( Northward j
N.E.
N.E.
N.E. by
N.E. by
Line of Meeting.
E.S.E. S.W. by W. i W
S.S.E. i E.
S.E. byE. i K.
E. by N.
N.E. by E. i E.
S. by W. i W.
S.W. by W.
W. by S. i S.
W.S.AV.
S. Sand Head.
Course.
iE.
iE.
E. i E.
E. 4 E.
S.W. i S.
S.W.
S.W. f W.
W. by S. i S.
W. iN.
N.N.E.
N. Sand
Head.
Course.
N.N.E.
N.N.E.
N.E. i E.
E. by S.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
S.S.W.
96
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL,
DESCEIPTION OF LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
The distance Lts. are visible is calculated from a height of 15 ft. above the
sea at H.W. Lt.-vessels have their Name painted on their sides, carry a Ball
at each mast-hd., fire a Gim if a ship is seen standing into danger, and sound a
Gong in foggy weather.
Name, Colour, and Position
of liight-house.
Bisbop Lt.-ho. (gray
grnuite), on Bisliop
rock, W. I N., 4 m.
from St. Agnes Lt.
St. Agnes Lt.-ho.
(white), on summit of
St. Agnes island.
Seven Stones Lt.-
vessel, in 42 fras.,
at 2 m. E. § N.
from Pollard, and
2 ra. N.E. by B. j E.
from Soutli Stone.
Has ttoo masts,
longrsliips Lt.-ho.
(white) on -western-
most largest rock.
tu o
ft.
147
74
Penzance Lt.-ho.
(white) on S. pier-hd,
■Wolf Lt.-ho. (firayi
granite), on Wolf
rock, whioii is awash
at H.W. neaps.
117i
a.
ft.
110
138
foro.
20
main
38
no
II
5
miles.
16
22
145
33
110
17
10
15J
16
Character of Light.
Fixed white Lt. of 1st Order, visible
all round, except when bearing
between S.W. by W. and W. by
N. J N., when it is obscured by
Scilly Ids. ; a ray of Lt. only being
seen, bearing W. by S., between
St. Martins and St. Marys. A bell
is struck every ten seconds in
foggy weatlier.
Revolving white Lt., which attains
its greatest brilUancy every TOiniite.
Seen all round, except when bear-
ing between S. by W. and W.,
when (except at short intervals) it
is obscured by N. islands of group.
Two Fixed white Lts. Marhs: —
St. Martins day-mark W. by S.
i S., 9 m. — Longships Lt. E. by
S. I S., 12i m.— Wolf Lt. S. E. by
S., 12| m. A powerful Fog Hohn
is sounded at intervals of 10
seconds, in thick or foggy weather.
Fixed Lt. of tlie 1st Or(ler(3ce foot-
note, p. 9), which shows red to-
wards Kunnelstone, or when bear-
ing between N.N.W. | W. and N.
by W. — shows white to the west-
ward, or when bearing between N.
by W. and S.S.W. J W.— shows
red towards Brisons. or between
S.S.W. I W. and S. W.— and a red
light of less power towards tlio
land, or between S.W. and
N.N.W. I W. A bell is struck
two strokes in quick succession
every 15 seeonds in foggy weather.
Fixed tidal Lt. (see page 10).
Bevolving Lt. of 1st Order. It shows
alternate flashes of red and white
of equal intensity at intervals of
thirty seconds. A bell is struck
three strokes in quick succession,
every 15 seconds, in foggy weather.
.LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
97
Name, Colour, and Position
oi Ligut-uouse.
Height of Lt.-ho,
f'rum base tu vane.
Height of Lts.
above H.W. sps.
ti-
ll.
ft.
each
E.Lt.
Xiizard Lt. -houses
61
229
(wliito^ 74 yds. o.part
W.Lt.
W. by N. and E. by
232
S., on the cliif.
Palmoutb Lt.-ho.
62
72
(white) on St. An-
thony Pt., at E. side
of entrance of har-
bour.
„ at 37 ft. below
QK
£50
Revolving Lit.
„ from end of E.
•
27
breakwater of Fal-
mouth tidal harbour.
Eddystone Lt.-ho.
89
72
(colourt-'d in red and
ichife horizontal
hands), on Eddystone
rook, awash at H.W.
sps.
Plymoutli Lt.-ho.
76
63
(white), on W. end of
13reakwater.
1} n
48
miles,
each
21
13
3
13
Character of Light.
Two Fixed white Lts.
Bevolving white Lt., shows a bright
face every twenty seconds. Com-
ing from the E., it opens of the
land on a N.W. J N. bearing;
coming from the W. it opens on a
N.E. J N. bearing. A bell is
struck every alternate half minute
in foggy weather. It strikes 4
strokes at equal periods for the
1st half minute, and then a ces-
sation for the 2nd half minute;
Fixed lohite Lt., to lead E. of
Manacles. It is only seen between
bearings of N.N.E. J E. and N.
by E. J E. ; the former bearing
leads only 2 cables E. of Manacles.
Fixed green Lt.
Fixed white Lt. of 2nd Order. A
bell is struck fim strokes in quick
succession every 30 seconds in
foggy weather.
Fixed Lt. of 2nd Order, which shows
red southward of an E. by S. J S.
line from Lt.-ho. to Staddon Pt.,
round seaward, over Cawsand bay
and np the Sound, as far as a N.E.
J E. line from Lt.-ho. to Melam-
pus buoy ; but it shows lohite east-
ward of the latter line, or when
it bears S.W. J W., and over all
the anchoring ground within the
Breakwater, and no vessel should
anchor till the Xt. boars west of
S.W. i W. A bell is struck eight
strokes a minute in foggy weather.
Fixed white leading Lt. at 15 ft.
below the above red Lt., to guide
vessels through the W. channel.
It is visible immediately after
passing Draystone buoy from the
W. and Knap buoy from the E.,
or only between bearings of N.E.
by E. I E. and N.E. J E. When
98
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-house.
&C Q
Character of Light.
Plymouth, continued.
„ nxill Bay - -
Sutton Pool
Start Lt.-ho. (white),
at 140 yds. inside S.B.
extreme of Start Pt.
Dartmouth Tjt.-ho.
(white), on N., or
Kingswear, side of
harbour, 50 yds. S.
of Bcicoii-hill liouse.
from flagstaff at
110 ft. seaward
of the above
Lt.-ho.
near coast-guard
station, ^ S.
Ijart of town.
Torbay, harbour Lts.
Teignmouth Lt.-lio.
(white), on S.W. end
of Denn.
ft.
miles.
92
204
192
20
3G
85,
11
70
37
each
5
•ii
seen, the channel is open, and ves-
sels may run direct for Lt.
Fixed red Lt. (gas) on pier-hd., and
a Fixed green Lt. on the Pontoon ;
these red and green Lts. in line
lead E. of Melampus.
Fixed white Lt. (gas) from W.
pier-hd.
Fixed white Lt. of the Ist Order,
varied every minute by a brilliant
flash. Visible seaward when bear-
ing from S.W. h W. (round by
W. and N.) to East. Within 10
m. a faint continuous Lt. is seen.
A Fixed white Lt. is placed 12 ft.
helow the above Lt. It is visible in
the direction of Berry Hd., or when
Start bears from W. J S. to S.W.
by S. Its "VV. limit leads between
Skerries and the land; its other
limit passes over S. end of Skerries.
A bell is stniclc 48 strokes iu a
minute in foggy weather.
Fixed Lt. of 4th Order, which shows
white over Fairway channel
towards entrance of harbour,
between bearings of N. ^ W. and
N. by W. i W. — shows red over
Castle ledge and dangers oli'Kettle
Pt., or from N. by W. I W. until
masked by land on east side of
entrance — and shows green over
Pin and Chcckstone rocks, or
from N. I W. until masked by
land on west side of entrance.
Fixed white leadingU., whicli kept
in line with the above ivhite Lt.,
N. I W., leads in middle of Fair-
way towards entrance.
A small Fixed Lt., which shows
white in Fairway towards the town
■ — red between Fairway and north
shore — smdgreen between Fairway
and south shore. The white Lt.
will not be seen in entering until
Gun Pt, shoal can be cleared.
Fixed red Lt., from Brixham W.
pier-hd. — Fixed red Lt., from Tor-
quay E. pier-hd. of outer harbour.
Fixed red Lt. This Lt. in one with
small shifting red Lt. in house
behind it leads up to Fairway.
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
99
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-house.
O f
^ CD
tn !>
Character of Lif'ht.
ft.
ft.
Portland Lt.-houses
{wliite), 503 yards
apart, N.W. by N.
and S.B. by S., about
^ m. within the Bill.
High Lt.-ho. -
Low Lt.-lio. -
50
85
210
136
miles.
each
4
21
18
Breakwater
Sbambles Lt.-vessel
in 15 fjus., off E. end
of shoal. Has one
mast.
Weymoutb
Poole, from lamp-
posts 262 yds. apart,
N. \ "W. and S. \ E.,
on S. part of North
Haven Pt. at en-
trance.
Sreedles Lt.-ho., on
outer Needle rook.
50
38
10
10
white
109
30
20 .
High
Lt.
37
Low
Lt.
16
80
each
6
white
Lt.
14
red
Lt.
9
Two Fixed red Lts. (see page 37).
Fixed white Lt. of 1st Order.
Fixed while Lt. of 1st Order. The
two Lts. in line, N.W. by N., lead
between Eace and Sliambles. The
Low Lt. ia only visible seaward
between the bearings of S.E. by
E. i E. and W.S.W. ; on all other
bearings it is hidden by higher
land.
Fixed red Lt. on outer ring of Fort,
at N.E. extreme of Portland
Breakwater.
Fixed white Lt. Marlts : — "VVyke
Regis oil. tower appears halfway
from the low N.E. Pt. of Portland
to W. pier-hd. of Breakwater,
N.N.W. i W.— A small white ho.
on beach at Church cove is be-
tween two windmills at Portland,
N.W.— Portland Bill W.N.W.—
St. Albans Hd. E. i S. 11 m —
Breakwater Lt. N. by W. i W.,
5i m.
Two Fixed red Lts. at N. part of town.
Two Fixed green Lts. on N. pier (see
page 43).
Two Fixed while Lts. The low Lt.
is masked between bearings of
N. by. E. I E. and N J E.
Fixed Lt. of 1st Order. Shows red
seaward when bearing from N.W.
J N. (round northerly) to E. J N.
— Shows white from E. \ N. to
E. by S. f S., or in direction of
entrance of Needles channel. —
Shows red landward towards
Poole and Christchurch Bays
and over Shingles, or from E.
by S. i S. (round southerly) (o
H 2 ■
100
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-house,
o u
^ a
'a
K
II
W
ft.
ft.
ITeedles, continued.
Hurst Lts. 669 ft.
apart, N.E. by E. i
E. and S.W. by W.
I W., on Hurst Ft.
High Lt.-ho. (white)
Low Lt.-ho. 13 in
the fort, the red top
alone being visible;
but the front or sea-
face of the fort is
painted red, which
(with the Lts. in line)
fits under the top of
the low Lt.-ho., and
apparently renders
the building com-
plete,
Varmoutb
Calsbot Lt.-vessel, in
5f fms. at entrance
of Southampton
Water. Has one
mast.
Soutbampton -
85
52
76
46
Hyde
12
31
miles.
13
10
21
Character of Light.
S.W. I W. There is also a ray of
white Lt., between bearings of
S.W. J W. and S.W. by W. i W.,
to clear Warden ledge (see plates
8 and 9, and page 53). A bell is
sounded in foggy weather.
Fixed white Lt. Illuminated arc to
seaward from S.W. ^ W. to W.
by S. J S. — Illimiinated are up
the Solent from E, by N. to E J S.
Fixed white Lt.
Two Fixed (gas) Lts. 30 yds. apart
— the outer one green from lamp-
post on quay — the inner one white
from corner of a house.
White Lt., which revolves every
minute. Bursledon mill on with
W. end of farm ho. near Hook,
N. J E. — Nelson monument on
with a remarkable tree, B. J N. —
Gilkicker Ft., S.E„ 5-^, m.-HiU
Hd. buoy, S.S.E., -ft m.— Calshot
castle buoy, N.W., ^ m. — South-
ampton pier-hd., N.N.W., 7 m. —
Calshot Spit buoy, W. by S., ^ m.
Thorn Knoll buoy, S.W. by W.
i W., l-j!, ra.— N.W. Bramble buoy,
S.W. * W., 1-fS, m.
Two Fixed Lts. on dock pier-hds.,
dark red on N. pier-hd., red on S.
pier-hd. ; when in one, N.N.E. f
E., they lead up the Itchen. Two
Fixed Lts. (one red, the other
white), 15 yds. apart, on end of
Royal pier ; in one they lead
through the channel up to the pier.
Fixed white Lt. on end of old pier.
LIGHTS IN ENOLISH CHANNEL.
101
Name, Colour, aud Position
of Light-house.
(1)
Character of Light.
Stokes Bay
Soutlisea I Beacb,
from small turret in
N. corner of South-
sea castle.
Spitbead, temporary
fixed Lts. on forts
building at, and in
vicim'ty of, Spithead.
„ on fort at entrance
of Brading Ha-
ven.
„ on fort on No-mans
Land shoal.
„ on fort on Horse
„ on fort on Spit sand
'Warner Lt.-vessel,
in 13 fms. on E. side
of Warner bank. Has
one mast.
Wab Lt.-vessel, in 5J
fms., on outer edge
of the most eastern of
the shoal patolios, 3 m.
E. of Bembridge Pt.
Has two masts 54 ft.
apart.
ft.
51
miles.
38
38
3i
34
38
mam
38
fore
28
Bed Lt. on lamp-post at E. and at W.
end of pier ; and a centre red Lt.
is also shown when the steamer is
expected.
Fixed Lt., which shows hright red
in channel between Spit Refuge
buoy and Horse fort (or between
bearings of N. by B. and N.E. by
N.l, but shows green westward of
Spit buoy (or between N.E. by N.
and E. J N.). Coming from the
E. it will be first seen faint red,
bearing N. by E. ; kept on this
bearing, it will lead about 4 cables
W. of Horse fort and nearly hit
Boyno buoy.
Two Fixed red (gas) Lts., one at each
outer end of Clarence Esplanade
pier ; Fixed green Lt. at N. outer
end, and Fixed red Lt. at S. outer
end, of Victoria pier.
Green Lt.
Bed Lt.
White Lt.
White Lt.
White Lt, which revolves every
minute. Marks : — St. Helens
water-mill J its breadth open of
St. Helens Seamark, S.W. by
W. i W. — Outer end of Ryde pier
seen between the towers of Os-
borne, N.W. by W. 1 W.— No-
man's Land fort, N.W. J N., IJ m.
—Horse fort, N. by E., If m. -
Horse Elbow buoy, N.E. by N.,
I m.— Dean TaU buoy, S.E. by E.
J E., 3 m.— Nab Lt., S.E. J S.,3 m.
Two Fixed white Lts. of xinequal
heights. Marks : — Portsmouth cli.
tower on with Lt. in Southsea
castle, N. by W. J W. — Kickergill
tower on with E. end of Monkton
fort, N.N.W. i W.— N. tower of
Osborne just open of easternmost
102
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
Name, Colour, and PoBition
of Light-bouse..
IVab, continued.
St. Catherine Lt.-
)]0. {white), on St.
Catberiue Pt.
Owers Lt.-vessel, in
19 fms., at i m. S.S.E.
from Elbow of Outer
Owers. Has o?!e mast.
A powerful Fog Horn
is sounded in foggy
weather ; giving fortli
six blasts every min- \
nte. I
Xittle Hampton
122
pier
■Worthing, on
end.
Shoreham Light-
laouses, 250 yds. apart
N.N.B. and S.S.W.
„ High Lt.-house
(sione) on shore
abreast the piers.
„ Low Lt.-house
[wood), on apex
of middle pier.
Brighton, from chain
pier-hd.
„ from new pier-hd.,
which is 1 m. W.
of chain pier-hd.
xrewhaven, two Lt.- 35
38
5
22
K
178
88
30
22
42
23
35
high
Lt.
30
miles.
19
10
10
10
5
10
Character of Light.
trees near Eyde, N.W. f W. —
S.E. Princessa buoy, S.W. J W.,
2-^ m.— Beinbridge buoy, "W. § S.,
2fg m.— Nab buoy, W. by S., 1 J m.
—Horse Elbow buoy, N.N.W. JW.,
3J m.— Dean Tail buoy, N.E. f N.,
1} m.— Owers Lt., S.E. £ E.,
12| m. — Bullock Patch buoy,
S.E. by E. J E., 3^ m.
Fixed white Lt. of let Order. A
powerful fog horn is sounded in
foggy weather (see p. 46).
Revolving Lt., showing lohite and
red flashes at intervals of half a
minute, in the order of tivo white
and one red. Maries: — The E.
end of plantation on Bow hill in
line with Pagham ch., N. J W. —
A white mill in line with W. end
of Selaea Bill, N.N.W. J "VV.—
Owers Middle buoy, N.W. i N.
3^ m. — Eastborough Hd. buoy,
N.N.E. i E., 2i m.— Shelly buoy,
N.E. I N., 7 fa m.— Winter buoy,
N.E. J E., 8i m.— Boulder buoy,
N.W. I W., Gil, m.
Fixed red Lt. (all night) on N. end
of E. pier.
Tide Lts. on S. end of E. pier (see
p. 72).
Fixed Lt., green seaward, and red
inshore.
Fixed white Lt. (all night).
Tide Lt. (see p. 73).
Fixed green Lt.
Fixed red Lt.
Two Fixed Lts. High Lt, is white,
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
103
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-house.
ITewbaven, oontd.
houses (tcooii), 50 yds.
apart, N. i W. and
S. i E., on middle of
W. pier.
„ Lt.-ho. on middle
of E. pier.
Beacby Hd. Lt.-lio.
(wliite), on summit of
2nd clrflf W. of Hd.
Eastbourne pier-hd.
Hastings -
„ pier, on top of pa-
vilion, at 72 ft.
within pier-hd.
Rye - - - -
Sungeness Lt.-ho.
(coloured red and
white in alternate ho-
rizontal hands), stands
422 yds. W.N.W. of
Dungeness extreme
Pt.
Varne Lt .-vessel, in
15 fms., about 1 m.
W. by N. i N. from
the depth of 7 fms.
on S.W. end of the
shoal. Has one mast.
47
low Lt.
17
18
285
92
a
upper
Lt.
180
lower
Lt.
30
40
107
38
Character of Light.
miles.
7
3
23
12
15
10
and shows all night.-
tidal (see p. 75).
-Low Lt. is
Fixed green Lt. (all night).
White Lt., which revolves once every
two minutes (brilliancy 15 s., dark-
ness 1 m. 45 s.). Coming from the
E. it opens out on a N.W. f W.
bearing, which leads 1 m. outside
Southern Hd.
Fixed white Lt.
Two Fixed Lts., 300 yds. apart
N.N.E. and S.S.W.— Upper Lt.
white from building on W. side of
hill above the town.— Lower Lt.
red from building near fish-market
on beach.
Fixed green Lt.
Tide Lts. (see p. 78).
Fixed white (electric) Lt. of the 1st
Order. — The electric Lt. is co-
loured red between the bearings
of S.W. by W. i W. and S.W. i S.,
to mark the anchoring ground on
E. side of Dungeness; from the
latter bearing the Lt. is obscured
to the land. A red Lt. is also
shown from a window below the
lantern, between the bearing of E.
and the land, to marh the anchor-
ing ground on W. side of Dunge-
ness : this Lt. is distinct from the
electric Lt., which shows white in
that direction. A powerful Fog-
horn is sounded in foggy weather
(see p. 79).
Mevolving red Lt., which attains its
greatest brilliancy every twenty
seconds. Marks : — Dungeness Lt.,
W. by N. 1 N"., llf m.— Folke-
stone ch., N., westerly, 9 m. —
South Foreland high Lt„ N.E.
I N., 12* m.— N.E. Varne buoy,
N.E. by E. i E., 5f m.— Cape
Gris-Nez Lt., S.E. J E., 12J m.
104 LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
Name, Colour, and Position
of Ligllt-liOTise.
Folkestone Lt.-ho.,
on S. pier-M.
„ Lt.-ho. on extreme
end of new pier.
Dover _ _ _
SouthPoreland Lt.-
houses, 449 yds. apart
W. i N. and E. | S.,
on summit of cliff.
Higli or W. Lt.-lio.
{white, square.)
Low or E. Lt.-lio.
(white, octacjonal.')
Seal, from pier-end.
Soutb Sana Bd. Lt.-
vessel, in 14 fms.,
S.W.iW.,l/om.from
depth of 5 fms. on S.
extreme of S. Good-
win. Has one mast.
East Goodwin Lt-
vesael, in 27 fms.,
E.S.E., It's m. from
S.E. Goodwin buoy,
and li m. from S.E.
edge of Goodwin
Sand. Has one mast.
A Large Diamond at
MastHd. The Xan-
te™ will also be
usually at Mast Hd.
Oull Stream Lt.-
vessel, in 8 fms., in
the middle of, the
Gull stream. Has
one mast.
ft.
26
G9
49
ft.
37
31
372
275
38
38
36
49 "
n
Character of Light.
miles.
6
26
23
10
10
Tide Lt. (see p. 81).
Fixed Lt. all night (see p. 81).
Tide Lt. (see p. 82).
Fixed green Lt. {all night) from
cross-wall near clock-house.
Fixed hlue Lt. {all niijht) from ex-
treme end of Admiralty i)ior.
Fixed white electric Lt. of great bril-
liancy.
Fixed white electric Lt. of great bril-
liancy. The Lts. in one, W. J N.,
lead direct for S. Sand Hd. Lt.,
and 1 TO. S. of Goodwin Sands.
The Low Lt. is not visible at an-
chorage in Downs ; and the High
Ijt. is not visible to the S. of a
S.W. J S. bearing.
Fixed red Lt.
Fixed white Lt. Marlis : — S. Fore-
land Lts. in one, W. J N., SI m.—
Walmor castle, N. by W. a W. 3f
m.— Gull Lt., N.N.E., 7 m. (which
bearing will lead 1 cable inside
or E. of Bunt Hd. buoy, distant
4f5 m.).— Deal Bank buoy N. i E.,
4J m.
Hevolving Green Lt., showing a /as/j
at intervals of fifteen seconds,
Marks .— S. Sand Hd. Lt.W. by S. i
S., 6y5, m.— N. Sand Hd. Lts. N. by
E. i E., m.— Deal cli. on with
N. end of Deal Hospital, W. by N.
i N.— Goodwin Beacon N.N.W. i
W., 2i m.
Bevolving wliite'Li., which shows its
greatest brilliancy every twenty
seconds. Marks : — S. Foreland
high Lt. over middle of Old Stairs
bay, S.W. — Ash ch. I from St.
Peters ch. towards St. Clements
ch. at Sandwich, N.W. by W. J
W.— N. Sand Hd. Lts. E. by N. i
N., m.
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
105
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-house.
Height of Lt.-ho.
from base to vane.
Height of Lts.
above H.W. sps.
Distance seen in
clear tieather.
Goodwin, or IVortli
SandHd. Lt.-vessel,
in 10 fms., about Im.
B. .'5 fms. on north
extreme of Goodwin
knoll. Has three
masts.
ft.
ft.
fore
28
main
42
mizen
28
miles.
10
Samserate, from iron
pillar on E. pier of
harbour.
12
25
5
„ Lt.-ho. ((jranite)
on W. pier-hd.
37
38
7
ITortb Foreland
Lt.-ho. {wliite^ octa-
gonal), on rising
ground 300 yds.
within edge of cliff.
78
184
19
Character of Light.
Tliree Fixed white Lts., forming a
triangle, one light on each mast.
JlfaAs:— North Down monument
in Une with Bedding Street
Beacon, N.W. — S. Foreland low
Lt.-ho. just showing clear of N.
Pt. of St. Margaret bay, S.W. |
W. — Eamsgate pier Lt., W. by N.
i N.— N. Foreland Lt., N.W. J N.
6 m. — Kentish knock Lt.-vessel
{revolviitg Lt.), N.N.E. J E.,
21 m. — Galloper Lt.-vessel (two
Fixed horizontal Lts.), N.E. 28J
m.
Flashing white Lt., at equal intervals
of five seconds light and five
seconds dark. It illumines an arc
of 224° or from the direction of
the Dike buoy (round south), to
the centre of the basin-gates of
W. entrance of inner harbour.
Tide Lt., all night — green when less
than 10 ft. at entrance, and red
when more than 10 ft. (see
p. 88).
Fixed white Lt. of 1st Order. A red
ray of Lt. is thrown between N.
by W. f W. and N. f E. bearings
from Lt.-ho. (or from Tongue Lt.-
vessel to 1 cable E. of E. buoy of
Margate sand), to enable vessels
to keep E. of Margate sand.
FEENOH COAST.
TTsbant N.E. Lt.-ho.
85
272
18
(two towers united).
near N.E. extreme of
island.
„ N.W. Lt.-h^. (cir-
154
223
24
culnr tower, hlaclc
and white hori-
zontal stripes), on
N.W. extreme
of island.
I^esRocbe Souvres
148
180
16
Lt.-ho. (iron, white),
,ou plateau.
Fixed white Lt. of 1st Order.
Bevolving Lt. of 1st Order, showing
successively two white faces and
one red face at intervals of twenty
seconds. A fog trumpet is sounded
in foggy weather from N.W. end
of island, for about two seconds,
at intervals of ten seconds.
Flashing Lt. of 1st Order, which
shows a white flash every four
seconds. A bell is sounded at
intervals of three seconds in foggy
weather.
106
LIGHTS IN ENGLISH CHANNEL.
Name, Colour, and Position
of Light-liouse.
Casquets,<7(«e {wliite)
Lt.-houses on N. islet,
100 ft. above H.W.
Hanois Lt.-lio. (gray
granite), on S."W. rock
of Hanois group, 1 m.
oft" W. end of Guern-
sey.
Cape Barfleur Lt.-
lio. (circular'), on ex-
treme of Cape.
Cape la Hague Lt.-
ho. (circular), on
Gros du Raz rock, W.
J S., 5 m. from Cape.
Cape de la Keve,
two Lt.-houses (white,
sguare), 106 yds. apart,
N.E. i N. and S.W.
J S., not far from
edge of cliff.
Cape Alprecb Lt.-
ho. (square), on sum-
mit of Cape, 87 yds.
from edge of clifl'.
Cape Gris-Ifez Lt.-
ho. (circular),OTi S.W.
extreme of small spot
of level land J m. S.
of Cape and | cable
from edge of clilF.
ft.
45
68
117
236
each
66
33
79
Ui o
ft.
each
113
100
233
154
each
397
161
226
miles,
each
15
13
22
20
each
27
12
25
Character of Light.
Three revolving Lts. of 1st Order,
eacli eclipsed at intervals of twenty
seconds. The Lt.-houses are in
triangular position with respect
to each other, thus :• — From south-
east to north-west Lt.-ho., N.W.
f W., 24 yds. ; from north-west to
north-east Lt.-ho., E. J N., 62 yds.;
from north-east to south-east
Lt.-ho., S.W. i W., 46 yds.— The
three Lts. will consequently ap-
pear as two when viewed in either
of those three (or in the opposite)
directions. A bell is sounded in
foggy weather.
Bevolving red Lt. of 1st Order,
which attains its greatest bril-
liancy every forty-five seconds.
Obscured to the eastward by
Guernsey between bearings of W.
by S. and N.W. The Casquets
bear N.E. by E. 21^ m. A bell
is struck seven strokes in a minute
at equal intervals in foggy weather.
Revolving wliite Lt. of 1st Order,
wliich attains its greatest bril-
liancy every half-minute. The
eclipses are not total to a vessel
within 12 m. of Lt.
Fixed white Lt. of 1st Order.
Two Fixed white (electric) Lts. of
1st Order, the intensity of which
will be doubled in thick fogs.
Fixed wliite Lt. of 3rd Order, varied
every two minutes by a red flash,
which is preceded and followed
by a short eclipse.
Revolving white (electric) Lt. of 1st
Order, the eclipses of which suc-
ceed each otlier every half-minute,
but are not total to a vessel within
12 m. of Lt.*
* Remember that the fixed white Lt. at Calais is varied every four minutes by a white JUlsh —
and that ihefxcd white Lt. at Cape Alprech is varied every two viinutes by a redjlcuh.
BUOYS m MOUNTS BAT, FALMOUTH HAEB., AND PLYMOUTH SOUND. 107
DESCEIPTION OF AND MAEKS FOE BUOYS.
Name, Oolouk, and Position
oir Buoy.
RUNNEL STONE buoy, black
(bell buoy with staff and hall),
in 22 fms., at 1§ cables S.W.
from the rock.
Marks.
The upper or N. beacon on land abreast, just
open W. of lower beacon, N. by E. J E. The
N. high part of Trigoning hill in line with
Tetterdu Pt., E. i N. — Longships (red) Lt.,
N.N.W., 4 m.— Wolf Koek Lt., W. by S. i S.,
Gf m. — Lizard Lts., S.E. by E., southerly,
18* m.
LOW LEE buoy, red, in 7 fms.,
on E. side of the rock.
GEAR ROCK buoy, black (nun),
in 3 fm.s.
MOUNTAMOPUS buoy, black, in
6 fms., on S. edge of the shoal.
MOUNTS BAT.
Extreme cliff at Penzer Pt. on with N. hummock
of St. Clements Id., S.W. | W.— St. Pauls
ch. tower on with S. new bam, W. by N. ^ N.
Gear rock, N.W., distant 30 fms.
Acton castle on with the hummock on Cuddan
Pt. N.E. f N. — Pengersick castle on with the
extreme of Hoe Pt., E. by N.
MANACLES buoy, black (bell
buoy with staff and ball), in
22 fms., at 100 yds. S.E. from
the Penwin rock.
Black Head, S.W. by W. f W., 3^% m.— St. Ke-
veme ch. spire, N.W. by W. f W.— Mawnan
cli. tower touching first rise of land of Nare
point, N. by W.— St. Anthonys Lt.-ho., N.N.E.
iE., 5^m.
LUGO buoy, black, 50 yds. S. of
rock.
GOVERNOR ROCK buoy, che-
quered black and white (can),
in 15 ft., at 60 yds. E. by S.
from rock.
NARROWS— black buoy on edge
of St. Mawes bank on E. side
of Narrows ; and white buoy
on edge of Falmouth bank on
W. side of Narrows. There is
a black buoy (the Vilt) on
N.W. prong of St.
bank, which is steep-to.
FALMOUTH.
St. Mawes castle, N.N.E., distant If cables.
Manacle Pt. touching block-ho. on Pendennis
Pt., S.S.W. J W.— Fish cellars at Polvarth,
touching sea-wall of St. Mawes castle, E. by S.
—Flushing pier-hd. touching E. end of Fal-
mouth dock breakwater, N.W. i N. — Black
rock beacon, S. J E., J m. — St. Anthony Lt.-
ho., S.S.E. f E., 1^ m.
PLYMOUTH SOUND.
DRAYSTONE hnoy, chequered red
and white (conical), in 5 fms.,
on outer extreme of Draystone
reef, 2 cables S.S.E. from
Penlee Pt.
Cavehole cellar (or third fish store) in Cawsand
bay on with H.W. mark at Penlee Pt., N. i E.
— Breakwater beacon on with S. angle of new
redoubt on Staddon heights, E. by N Knap
buoy, E. by N. J N., ^\ m.
108 " tlJUOYS IN PLYMOUTH SOUND.
Name, Colobb, and Position
OF BuoT.
Maeks.
KNAP buoy, hlack (conical), in 6
fins,, on S. end of shoal.
PANTHER buoy, hlack, in 6 fms.,
near N. end of shoal.
MEWSTONE LEDGE buoy, red
(conical) in 7i fms., near
S.W. extreme of the ledge.
W. TINKER buoy, tc/wie, in 6 fms.,
at W. extreme of shoal.
E. TINKER buoy, white, in 5 fms.,
at E. extreme of shoal.
EAST CHMiNEL—chegueredhlack
and white buoy, in 4i fma., on
Outer or S. rocky patch in
mid-channel.
EAST CHAN N EL— chequered hlack
and lohite buoy, in 4J fms., on
Inner rocky patch in mid-
cliannel.
EAST CHANNEL-red, Outdr or
S. buoy, in 4 fms., on E. side
of channel.
EAST CHANNEL-«cZ, Inner or
N. buoy, in 4J fms., on E.
Bide of channel.
DUKE ROCK buoy, white, hi
5 fms., on W. edge of shoal.
QUEEN'S GROUNDS buoy, red,
in 5 fms., on S.E. extreme.
NEW GROUNDS buoy, red, in
51 fins., near shoalest part of
29 ft.
Breakwater Lt. on with sharp angle next west of
Citadel Gateway, N.E. — Bolt Tail touching
H.W. mark on N. side of Mewstone, S.E. J S.
—Panther buoy N.E. by E. J E., ^i, m.
St. Aubyns ch. tower on with W. extreme of
Breakwater platform, N. | E. — Higlieat part of
Eeny rocks just open of Yealm Pt, S.E. | S.
Peaks of Great and Little Mewstones in line,
E.N.E. — Picklecombe fort just open N. of
Breakwater Lt., N.N.W. — Knap bnoy N.AV.
by N., 2^ti m.— E. Tinker buoy, N.N.W., 1^ m.
Mount Wise flagstaff on with cupola of St. Johns
eh., N. i W. — Ponlee Pt. on with dark square
spot in valley N. of Rame Hd., W. by N. £ N.
— B. Tinker buoy, S.E. J B., j| m.— Knaj) buoy,
N.W., ^ m.
N. end of Shagstone touching the cliff on Warren
Pt., S.E. J E. — St. Stephens ch. spire (near
Mt. Wise ) touching W. end of Hound fort near
Breakwater, N. J E.
Inner edge of Shagstone on with peak of Little
Mewstone, S. by B. f E. — Breakwater beacon
on with doorway at E. part of Citadel, im-
mediately under highest building iu Citadel,
N. by B. I B.
Breakwater beacon in line with citadel iiagsfaff,
N.N.E. — Breakwater Lt. on with gamekeeper's
cottage, Mount Edgecumbe, N.W. | N.
Shagstone on with peak of Great Mewstone,
S.S.E. f E. — Breakwater beacon on with E.
end of row of small bouses over Stouehouse
quarry, N. by E.
Ruin on Rame Hd. on with first hollow in clift"
N. of Penlee Pt., W. by N.— St. Aubyns ch.
tower on with W. high chimney in Victualling
yard, N. i W.
Reny Pt. and top of Mewstone in line, S. j E. — ■
Obelisk on the Hoe on with Diamond mark on
rock under the Hoe, N. by E. J E. — llovisand
pier-hd., S.E. i E., I m. — Breakwater beacon,
S.S.W. i W., ■ m.
Block-lio, on Devil's Pt. on with H.W. mark at
Redding Pt., N. by E. f E.— Peak of Great
Mewstone on with W. crane of breakwater,
S.S.E. i E.
Tall chimney of engine-bouse in dockyard just
open of Wilderness H.W. Pt., N. J W.— St.
Johns ch. spire, Plymouth, on with lower part
of retreating angle in Citadel wall, just within
Fisher's Nose, N.E. J E,
BtrOYS IN PLYMOUTH SOUND AND HAMOAZE.
109
Name, Ooloue, and Position
OF Buoy.
M ELAM PL) S buoy, Hack, in 4 fma.,
on S.E. extreme of Drakes
island ledge.
ASIA buoy, white, in 21 ft. on
N.E. extreme of Drakes island
ledge.
WINTER N.W. buoy, striped red
and wliite, in 4 fms., on N.W.
edge of the shoal.
WINTER N.E. buoy, c/iegtierecZ red
and wliite, in 5 fms., on N.E.
edge of the shoal.
WINTER S. buoy, red!, in 3 fms., on
S. edge of the shoal.
MALLARD buoy, Uacic, in 7 fms.,
on N.W. extreme of the shoal.
COBBLER buoy, Wac/t, in 2^ fms.,
on W. edge of the ledge.
THE BRIDGE has 2 small heacon
buoys to mark the deepest
water over it. The S. or outer
one is red, the inner one white.
DRAKES ISLAND N.W. SPIT
buoy, hlach (can), in 10 fms.
Mabks.
VANGUARD buoy, hlaclc (moor-
ing), in 5 fms., on S. side of
the rock.
CREMILL buoy, hlacle (conical),
on N.E. extreme of the shoal.
RUBBLE buoy, Uach, on W. end
of the bank.
St. Andrews oh. tower, Plymouth, its breadth
open W. of Obelisk on Hoe, N.E. by N. —
Turret of St. John's chapel and Victualling
yard gate bell in line, N.N.W. i W. — Asia
buoy, N, by E., m.
Camera on the Hoe on with S.E. angle of Espla-
nade terrace, N.E. J N. — Gill's soap factory on
with Busty Anchor Pt., N. J E.
Gill's soap factory chimney on with N.E. angle
of W. Hoe terrace, N. f W. — Mount Edgcomnbe
ruin in line with S. end of barracks on Drakes
island, W. J S.
Gill's soap factory chimney over E. end of lime-
kilns in W. Hoe quarry, N. by W. | W. — Half
of Cawsand coast-guard open of Bedding Pt.,
W. by S. J S.
N. end of Cawsand coast-guard touching Bed-
ding Pt., W, by S. i S.— Obelisk at Cremill
Pt. on with end of grass on Bottlenose Pt.,
N.W. by W. J W.
Cawsand coast-guard just in sight over Bedding
Pt., "W. by S. J S.— Obelisk on Mount Edg-
cumbe on with second embrasure in Western
Iving fort, W.N. W.— The Mallard, Melampus,
and New Ground buoys and Breakwater Lt,
are in line, S.W. J W.
Devonport monument on with W. Hoe terrace Pt.,
N.W. — The southernmost of two tall chimneys
at Catdown, its own breadth open of quay on
Mount Batten Pt. E. J N.
The buoys lie in 3 fms. on outer and inner part
of the Bridge reef, but there is only 7 feet at
at L.W. sps. on the middle part of the reef.
Mount Edgcumbe Obelisk on with end of wall
at Wilde'rness Pt., N.W. by W. i W.— E. end
of Esplanade terrace on with centre of W. Hoe
terrace, E. by N. J N.
St. .John's chapel cupola on with W. side of
Block-ho. at Devils Pt., N. J W.— S. cliimney
in Victualling yard on with centre brick em-
brasui-e in Western King fort.
110
BUOYS IN NEKDLES AND SOLENT CHANNELS.
Name, Colour, and Position Masks
OF Boot.
HOMESTONE buoy, hlack and
white horizontal stripes, in
7 fins., h cable S.E. of rooks.
CHECKSTONE buoy, chequered
black and white, in SJ fms.,
distant 25 fms. S.E. of the
rook.
CASTLE LEDGE buoy, Uacic, in
4J fms., at I cable outside the
ledge.
DARTMOUTH.
Castlo Ledge buoy, N.E. by E. i E., 5^ cables.
Caatle Ledge buoy, S.S.E., GJ cables.
PEVEREL LEDGE buoy, hlack
(conical), in 5^ fms., on outer
extreme of ledge.
CHRISTCHURCH LEDGE buoy,
blacli, in 3 fms., on middle of
the ledge.
Old Harry, N.E. by N. Swanage battery on
Peverel Pt., W.N.W.— Durlston Hd., S.W. by
W.
Christchurch Hd., N. by W. j W., li m.—
S.E. extreme of ledge, S.E. f S., IJ m.
NEEDLES AND SOLENT CHANNELS TO SPITHEAD.
SHINGLES S.W. buoy, chequered
red and white (conical), in 7
fms., olf S.W. prong of Shin-
gles.
SHINGLES Elbow buoy, striped
red and loltile vertically (can),
in 7 fms., close to Elbow of
Shingles.
SHINGLES N.E. buoy, striped red
and white horizontally (can),
in 7 fms., near N.E. extreme
of Shingles.
WARDEN LEDGE buoy, red (can)
in 5J fms., close to outer edge
of the ledge, wliich is steep-
to.
Hurst high Lt.-ho. its breadth open N. of low
Lt.-ho., N.E. by E. f E. — Nodes Beacon pn
with S. part of variegated cliff in Alum bay,
E. by S. i S.— Elbow buoy, N.E. by E. | E.,
m. — Warden Ledge buoy, E. by N. J N.,
2I[, m.— Needles Lt.-ho., S.E. by E., m.—
Christchurch Ledge buoy, N.W. 4j m.
Hurst high Lt.-ho., its apparent breadth and a
half open N. of low Lt.-ho. N.E. by E. j E.— S.
end of ho. with a chimney at each end (next
Warden battery), touching N. end of Golden
Hill fort, E. by S.— N.E. Shingles buoy, N.E.
by E. f E., li m.— Warden Ledge buoy, E. *
N., 1,^ m.— Needles Lt.-ho. S.S.W. J W., IJ m.
W. end of small grove of trees on the down, open
W. of Heathfield ho., S.E. — Easternmost of
3 remarkable trees in New forest on with end
of Hurat beach, N.E. by E. i E.— Warden
Ledge buoy, S.E. i S., i m.— Needles Lt.-ho.,
S.W. i W., 2J m.— Hurst high Lt.-ho., N.E. by
E. i E., i m.
A conspicuous mound on top of Afton down open
S. of Nelson hotel, S.E. J E.— Flagstaff of
Victoria Ibrt on Sconce Pt. just seen over low
part of Cliffs-end, E. by N. i N.— Needles Lt.-
ho., S.W. by W. i W., 2i m.— Hurst low Lt.-ho.,
N. by E. i E., il, m.
BUOYS IN NEEDLES AND SOLENT CHANNELS.
Ill
Name, Oolotjr, and Position
OF Buoy.
BLACK ROCK buoy, red (can), in
lOJ fms., a little outside or
north of the rock.
LYMINGTON SPIT buoy, clie-
quered red and white (can) in 2
fms., on the spit at W. side of
entrance to the river. ( Jack-in-
the- Basket is a large hall bea-
con within this buoy, on the
same side of the entrance).
HAMPSTEAD LEDGE buoy, red
(can) in 5 fms., on N.E. edge
of ledge.
SALT MEAD LEDGES buoy, red
(can) in 5 fms., on N.E. edge
of ledges.
GURNET LEDGE buoy, red (can)
in 8 fms., on E. extreme of
ledges. It lies 2 cables off
shore, at I m. N.E. of Gurnet
Hd., and W. J S., Ij^ m. from
Egypt Pt.
LEPE MIDDLE buoy, striped red
and lohile vertically (conical)
in i fms. on edge of the shoal.
Marks.
THORN KNOLL W. buoy, striped
red and wliite horizontally
(can), in fms., on W. edge
of the knoll.
W. end of Tapnel farm open of E. end of Sand
ho. at Yarmouth bridge, S. by E. J E. — End of
jetty at Sconce Pt. on with third casemate S.
of the flagstaff, W. J S. — Lymington Spit buoy,
N.N.E. ^ E., IJ m. — Hampstead Ledge buoy.
East, 31 m.
Hurst low Lt.-ho., on with corner of S. cottage,
W. by S. J S. — Lymington cli., on with yellow-
fronted ho. on beach, N.N.W. — ^N.E. Shingles
buoy just open of Hurst Pt., W.S.W., 3 m. —
Hampstead Ledge buoy, E.S.E., 2-^ m.
A house, with a remarkable tree on the down
above it, just open of S. part of Sir Bcu'rard
Neale's plantation, W. by S.— The N.E. end of
J' trees on Hampstead Pt., on with N.E. end of
Saltern park, S.B. by E.— Salt Mead buoy E.
2 m.
The S. end of Sir Burrard Neale's plantation, on
with S. end of the Mead, W. f S.— Luttrell
tower, just shut in with Stansore Pt., N.E. J
E. — Gurnet Ledge buoy, E. by N., 2 m.
A house on the back land, in line with W. gable
end of a red-tiled roofed cottage, S. by E. J
E. — A tall chimney in Thorney bay in line
with centre of grove of trees, S.W. — N.W.
Bramble buoy, N.E. by E. J E., 2i m.— "W.
Bramble buoy, E.N.E., 2^ m.
Old Castle bathing ho. open of Egypt Pt., S.E.
by E.-j E. — Inner beacon at Lepe, its apparent
width E. of Outer beacon, N. by E. f E.—
Gurnet Ledge buoy, S.E. by S., 1^ m. — Salt
Mead buoy, S.W., lf„ m. — Hampstead Ledge
buoy, W. by S. f S., 3f^ m. — Lymington Spit
buoy, W., 5-^ m. — Thorn Knoll buoy, E. by N.,
25m. — W. Bramble buoy, E., 2^ m. — Prince
Consort buoy, E. by S. f S., 2^ m.
N.W. end of large chalkpit 011 Portsdown hill in
line with N.W. end of Hill Hd. coast-guard,
B. J N. — Bursledon mill over the middle of
second house W. of Calshot castle, N. by E.
i E.— N.W. Bramble buoy, S.E. by S., ^ m.—
W. Bramble buoy, S., -^m. — Calshot Lt.-vessel,
. _ ^ . Thorn knoll N. buoy,
3 E., J m. — Calshot Spit buoy,
fn m. — Gurnet Ledge buoy, S.W.
N.E. by E,
N.E. i E.,
I W., 2J m. — Hampstead Ledge buoy, W. by
S. 2 S., G-jp m.
112
BUOYS IN NEEDLES AND SOLENT CHANNELS.
Name, Colotie, and Position
OF Buoy.
THORN KNOLL, continued.
N. Imoy (marked Nortb.
Thorn), red (can), in 3J fins.
on N. edge of knoll.
BRAMBLE N.W. buoy, red (can)
in 25 ft., at N.W. angle of
bank.
BRAMBLE West buoy, chequered
red and white, with staft' and
cage (conical), in 27 ft., at S.W.
bank.
BRAMBLE East bnoy. striped red
and white vertically (conical),
in 19 ft., on S.E. angle of bank.
BRAMBLE N.B. (marked Hill
Head) buoy, red (conical), in
18 ft.
CALSHOT SPIT buoy (blaclc Re-
fuge bell buoy), in 24 ft., on
S.te. edge of spit, 1 m. S. J E.
from castle, and S. J W.,
mile from Calshot castle
buoy.
PRINCE4 CONSORT buoy, red
(can), in 4 fms., at 33 yds. N.
of a 22.ft. patch.
Mabks.
Nelson monument in line with ■white ho. amongst
trees N. of Hill Hd., (E. by N.— E. end of
Netley hospital in line with W. end of boat
ho. at Calshot castle, N. .J "W. — Calshot Lt.-
vessel, N.E. by E. J E., 1 m.— Calshot Spit
Eefuge buoy, N.E. J E. m.
The mill at "W". Cowes in line with centre of
E. Y. S. Club-house, S.S.W.— Nelson monu-
ment, in lino with Craburn i'arm, E. by N. —
Calsliot Spit buoy, N.N.E. J E„ m.— Calshot
Lt.-vessel, N.E. J E., lA m.— Hill Hd. buoy,
E.fN., l,tm.
Ginns Salterns open of Stone Ft., W.N.W.—
Hamble ch. midway between public ho. at
Calshot Pt. and the Castle, N. by E.— N.W.
Bramble buoy, N.NE., ^ m. — E. Bramble
buoy, E. by S. J S., 2Jm.— W. Middle buoy,
S.E., IJ m.— Old Castlo Pt. buoy, S.S.E.,
1/5 m. — Prince Consort buoy, S. J W., | m.
W. Cowes mill open W. of Bathing ho., W. by
S. J S. — Hill Hd buoy on with Calsliot castle,
N.W. by N., 1/Jim.— W. Middle buoy, W. by S.
J S., lj{, m.— E. Middle buoy, S. by E. f E.,
IJ m.
A house E. of Hamble ch. open of trees at Hook
Pt., N. J W. — -Faroliam ch. on with new brick
ho. under the cliff at Hill Hd., E.N.E.— N.W.
Bramble buoy, W. f S., l,-*, m. — Thorn Knoll
buoy, W. i N., 1^ m. — Calshot Spit buoy,
N.W. by W. J W., 1^ m.— Calshot Lt.-vessel
N.N.W., f, m.
A red brick ho. at Hill Hd. in line with W. end
of large chalkpit on Portsdown hill. East,
northerly. — Railway hotel at Southampton
just open E. of the western ho. on Calshot Pt.,
N. by W.
W. Cowes mill iu line with S. corner of Hewitt's
bathing-place, S.W. J S. — Flagstaff on outer
end of Staphen's causeway in line with W.
angle of Keane's houses, W. by S. i S. — E.
Bramble buoy, E. 1 N., 2/5 m.— W. Middle
buoy, E. j S., lA m.— Old Castle Pt. buoy,
S.E. by E., ^ m.
BUOYS IN NEEDLES AND SOLENT CHANNELS.
113
N"ame, Coloub, axd Position
OP Buoy.
Marks.
OLD CASTLE PT. buoy, red
(can), in 3 fma., at IJ caUes
N. of the Pt.
RYDE MIDDLE W. buoy, striped
red and %bliite horizontally
(can), in 28 ft., at W. end of
bank, close ■westward of a
15 ft. patch.
RYDE MIDDLE E.buoy,cfte(j«ered
red and white (conical), in 28
ft., at S.B. edge of bank.
RYDE MIDDLE N.E. buoy, red
(conical with staif and globe),
in 4 fms., on N.E. edge of
bank.
PEEL BANK buoy, red (can) in
5 fms., on edge of Peel bank,
1 ra. olf shore.*
STURBRIDGE W. buoy, striped
blaok and white liorizontally
(can), in 5 fms., on W. extreme
of bank.
STURBRIDGE E. buoy, striped
black and white horizontally
(conical), in 5 fms. on E. ex-
treme of bank.
RYDESANDHD. buoy, chequered
black and white (can), in 28 ft.
off N.E. edge of Eyde Sand.
W. Oowes mill open S. of a yellow ho., W. by
S. J S. — Ryde mill ia line with Osborne Pt.,
S.S.B.— W. Middle buoy, E. by N., j% m.— E.
Middle buoy, E.S.E., 2^ m.— Peel Bank buoy.
S.E. i E., 2^5 m.
Asheydown tower, its apparent breadth open W.
of a clump of trees near Wootton, S. J E.—
the Club house at West Cowea Pt., "W. i S.—
E. Middle buoy, S.E. by E., 2J m.— PeefBank
buoy, S.E. f S., 1/5 m.
Southsea castle just in line with Gilkicker Pt.,
E. by S. i S. — Asheydown tower in line with a
clump of trees, S. by W. i W.— N.E. Middle
buoy, N.E. by B. J E., m.— Peel buoy,W.S.W.,
J m.— Calshot Lt.-vessel, N.N.W. i W., 3^ m.
— W. Sturbridge buoy, S.E. § E., 2i m.
Southsea castle Lt. -tower just shut in with N.W.
angle of Gilkicker fort, E. by S. J S. — "Wootton
Pt. in line with Ashtake house, S.W. by S. —
W. Sturbridge buoy, S.E. i S., 2,?, m.— E.
Bramble buoy, N.N.W. J W., 1§ m.— W. Middle
buoy, N.W. by W. J W., 2 m.
Asheydown tower in line with N. end of Woot-
ton coast-guard, S. J W. — Two church spires
at Ryde in line, S.E. by S. — W. Sturbridge
buoy, S.E. by E. J E., 2^ m.
Nelson monument on with W. end of Anglesea
terrace, N.N.E. J E. — Flagstaff on end of Ryde
pier on with the white Belvidere, S.W. — Calshot
Lt.-Yessel, N.W. by N., 5^ m.— Outer Spit
buoy, E. by S., 2^ m. — ^E. Sturbridge buoy,
S.E. by E., m.
Tall chimney at Haslar on with centre of South-
wick fort on Portsdown hill, N.N.E. f E.—
Centre of Spit fort on with E. end of S. Parade,
E.N.E.— Outer Spit buoy, East, 1^, m.— Horse
Elbow buoy, S.K. by E., 2/^ m.— Sand Hd.
buoy, S. by E. J E., J m. No-mans Land
fort, S.E., IJ m.
Kickergill tower on with centre of the new fort
on Gilkicker Pt., N, J E. — Outer end of Byde
pier on with flagstaff on Wootton Pt., W. by N.
No-mans Land fort, S.E. by E. J E., m.
* A black mooring buoy is placed off Osborue Royal Hard, and two others oIT Cowes, between Old Castle
Vt. and i'riiice Consort shoal, for the use of Her Majesty's yachts.
I
114
BUOYS IN EASTEBN ENTRANCE TO SPITHEAD.
Name, Colour, and Position
OF BuoT.
Makks.
EASTERN ENTRANCE TO SPITHEAD.
PRINCESSA N.W. buoy, striped
hlaole and white vertically (can),
in 32 ft., close to N.W. edge of
shoal.
PRINCESSA S.B. buoy, cltequered
hlack and wldte (conical, with
staff and cage), in 29 ft., on
S.E. edge of shoal.
BEMBRIDGE LEDGE buoy, che-
quered black and white (can) ,
in 24 ft, on outer edge of
ledge.
NAB ROCK buoy, striped hlack
and white horizontally (can),
In 4| fins., at | a cable S.E. of
rock.
DEAN TAIL buoy, black (conical,
with staff and ball), in HO ft.,
just outside tlie depth of 4 fms.
It is the S.E. buoy of Horse
and Dean sand.
DEAN ELBOW buoy, black (can),
in 30 ft.
Sandown fort just open of Culver cliff, W. by N.
— Nettlestone Pt. and Bembridge Pt. in line,
N. by W. J W.— Dunnose, W. by S. J S., G^^ m.
— Bembridge buoy, N.N.E., nearly 1 m. — Nab
Rock buoy, N.B. f E., 1^% m. — S.E. Prinoessa
buoy, S.E. JE., -^m.
Red clay cliff in Sandown bay just opening of
Culver cliff, W. by N. J N. — High round tree
on St. Helens down in line with flagstaff on
Bembridge Pt., N.N.W. J V. — Bembridge
Ledge buoy, N. by W. J W., l-jL m. — Warner
Lt.-vessel, North, 4 m. —Nab Lt.-vessel, N.E.
J E., 2«5 m.— Nab Rock buoy, N. by B. f E., 1 J
m. — Dunnose, W. by S. J S., 7 m. — Bullock
Patch buoy, E. j N., 4j m.
Bembridge ch. midway between Lifeboat ho. and
tlie red ho. next W. of it, N.W. by W. } W.—
Centre of Horse fort on with centre of South-
wick fort on Portsdown hill, N. | E. — Warner
Lt.-vessel, N. j E., 2^^ m. — Nab rock buoy,
E., ^ m.
Asheydown tower midway between Bembrfdge
ch, and the Lifeboat ho., W. by N. J N.— The
E. end of Eastney barracks on with E. end of
Widley fort on Portsdown hill, N. by E. — Nab
Lt.-vessel, E. by N., IJ m. — Warner Lt.-vessel,
N. by W., 23 m.
Asheydown tower in line with St. Helens Sea-
mark, W. I N. — The E. end of Blockhouse
fort just open of Southsea Castle Pt. N.N.W.
i W.— The Dries buoy, S.E. by E. i E., 7 m.
—Bullock Patch buoy, S.E. § S., 3^ m.— Nab
Lt.-vessel, S.W. f S., 1 J m. — Warner Lt.-vessel,
N.W. by W. i W., 3 m.— Dean Elbow Buoy,
N.W. by W., 11 m.
The S. side of No-mans Land fort on with Old
Castle Pt., N.W. by W. — Water tower in East-
ney baiTacks on with E. end of Southwick
fort on Portsdown hill, N . J W. — Nab Lt.-vessel,
S. i E., 1,^ m.— Dean buoy, N.W. J W., 1/^ m.
DEAN buoy, black (can), in 36 ft., | Water tower in Eastney barracks on with W. end
at about 200 yds. outside edge
of shoal.
of Widley fort on Portsdown hill, N. by E. J E.
— Ryde windmill on with upper corner of a
triangular field, W. J N. — Nab Lt.-vessel,
S.S.E. i E., 2-^ m.— Warner Lt.-vessel, W. J S.,
^5 m. — Horse ISlbow buoy, N.W. J N., m.
115
Name, Colour, and Position
OF Buoy.
Makks.
HORSE ELBOW buoy, 6Zac7c (can),
in 30 ft. The shoiil here is
steep-to. At 200 yds. outside
the buoy the deptli is 10 fms.
OUTER SPIT buoy, cliequered
hlacli and wldte (conical), iu ;-i J
tins., on S.E. part of bank ex-
tendiog off Spit sand.
SPIT buoy, chequered hlacJc and
wliite (Refuge bell buoy), in
22 ft. at S.E. extreme of Spit
sand.
BOYNE buoy, green (nun^, in 5
fms., at 170 ft. W. f N. from
the wreck of Boyne, on W.
edge of Horse sand. There
is only 19 ft. on wreck.
Kickergill tower on with N.E. end of Fort Monk-
ton, K.N.W. 5 \V. — Asheydown tnwer just open
S. of houses on Nettlestone P., W. by S. J S. —
Nab Lt.-vessel, S.S.E. J E., 3i ni.— Warner Lt.-
vessel, S.S.W. f W., § m.— Horse fort, N. by "W,,
i m.
The B. side of No-mans Land fort in line with
Yarborough tnonuinent on Isle of Wight,
S.S.W. i W.— Spit Refuge Buoy, N. by E. f
E., h m.— GOkicker Pt., N.W. i W.— Horse
fort, S.S.E. i E., 1 m.
Tho E. Swatchway beacon, halfway between
St. Pauls ch. and W. end of largi; chalkpit on
Portsdown hill, N. by E. J E.— Gilkicker Pt.,
N.W. by W. i W.
The E. Swatchway beacon, halfway between St.
Johns ch. and E. end of trees on Porttmoutli
lines, N. J E. — Dock mill in line with London
road over Portsdown hill, N.E. by N.
BETWEEN SPITHEAD AND DOWNS.
LANGSTON HARBOUR Fairway
buoy, striped black and white
horizontally i conical, and
marked L, P. W.), in If fms.
BULLOCK PATCH buoy, black
(can), in 7 fms., at i m. S.W.
of patch.
BOU LDER buoy, ftiac/c (conical), in
9 fms. offSlW. part of Boulder
bank.
EAST BANK OF OWERS buoy
(marked Fast Boro Headi,
chequered hlaejc and white
(conical, with staff and cage),
in 4J fms., a short distance E.
of shoalest part, 19 ft.
Milton ch. spire three times its width open W.
of Engine chimney, N.W. by N. — S. Hayling
ch. spire B. § N.
Asheydown tower open S. of Bembridge ch.,
W. by N. J N. — The largest of the easternmost
chalkpits on Portsdown mill in line with
westernmost terrace at Havling,"'N. i W. —
Boulder buoy, S.E. J B., Si-i/m.-Pullar buoy,
S.E. by B. i B., 3^ m.— Dean Tail buoy, N. W.
i N., 3^ m.— Nab Lt.-vessel, N.W. by W. J W.,
3^m.
Chichester spire in line with Medmery barn,
N.N.E. I B. — The easternmost end of trees on
Hayling island on with W. end of westernmost
battery on Portsdown hill, N. by W. J W. —
Nab Lt.-vessel, N.W. | W., 6* m.— Owers Lt.-
vessel, S.E. S E., 61 m.
Pagham ch. turret in line with grove of yew-
trees (called Fountingden Wood), N. by W. —
Selsea mill open N. of white boat ho. on Selsea
green, N.W. i N.— Owers Lt.-vessel, S.S.W. 4
W., 2i m.— Owers Middle buoy, W. i N ,
3j|, m.— PuUar buoy, W.N.W., 6 m.— Mixon
beacon, N.W. by W., 4,^, m. — Shelly buoy,
N.E. i N., 4/5 m.- Winter buoy, N.E. by E.,
5ft m.
' I 2
116
BUOYS- BETWEEN SPITHEAD AND DOWNS.
Name, Colour, and Position
OF BUOT.
Mabes.
DRIES buoy, blade (conica], and
marked Street), in 2 fras.
PULLAR buoy, striped hlacli and
white vertieally (conical, with
and cage), in 2 fms.
MIXON BEACON, an iron pillar
with a cage, 30 ft. above H.W.
OWFRS MIDDLE buoy, chequered
Uaclc and rvhite (can), in 5 fms.
SHELLY buoy, hlack fconioal), in
4 fms., on S.E. side of rocks.
WINTER buoy, llach (can), in 3
fms. off 8. side of knoll.
ROYAL SOVEREIGN buoy,
striped black and wMte verti-
cally (large bell buoy with
staff and cage), in 6 fms., at
100 yds. S. of 9 ft. patch on
shoals.
NEWCOMBE buoy (marked Koar
Spit), chequered hlack and
white, in 16 ft., on edge of the
bank.
VARNE N.E. buoy, red (large
spiral buoy, with staff and
ball), in 13 fms,, off N.E. end
of shoal.
The Luff in line with Selsea Bill, N.E. by E. }
E. — Chichester spire open E. of Selsea coast-
guard, N.N.E. i E. — Mixon beacon, E. f S.,
IfLm.— E. bank of Owers buoy. S.E. by E. ,i E.,
5^ m.— Owers Middle buov, S.E. ^ S., 2f„ m.
— PuUar buoy, S.W. by W., ^ m.— Nab Lt.-
vessel, W.N.W., 7 m.
Chichester spire nearly in line with centre of
lower erove of trees W. of Selsea mill, N.N.E.
J E.— The Luff and Selsea Bill in line, N.E.
by E. i E.— Mixon beacon, E. J N., 2j'5 m.—
Owers Middle buoy, S.E. 4 E., Si's m.
Owers Lt.-vessel, S.S.E. } E., 5^, m.— Owers
Middle buoy, S. } E., 'If^ m.
Chichester spire twice its apparent lenaith E. of
Selsea Corner, N. by E. \ E.— The Luff in line
with Felpham ch., N.E. ^E. — Owers Lt.-vessel,
S.E. J S., 3i1j m.
Arundel ch. tower in line witii coast-guard at
Elmer, N.E. ^ N. — Chichester spire in line
with Felpham Station-ho., N.W. by N. — Owers
Lt.-vessel, S.W. f S., 7f|i m.— Mixon beacon,
W. f S., e,"*, m.— Winter buoy, E. by S.
Southerly, l/j m.
Dome ho. at Bognor, its width N. of Eelpham
black mill, N.W. I W. — Dry loilge (on the higli
land in line with Brook Pit ho., N.N.E. A E.—
Little Hampton pier Lt., N.E. J E., 2
Owers Lt.-vessel, S.W. I W., 8/, m.
Signal-ho. on Beachy Hd ., W. by N. J N., 6| m. —
1st martella tower E. of Eastbourne in line with
W. end of E. dump of trees E. of Willingdon,
N.W. i N.— Fairlight mill ( see foot-note, p. 76)
just open S. of Hastings castle cliff, N.E. by
E. iE.
Dungeness Lt., S.W. \ W., IJ m.— 1st battery
on beach northward of Lt., W. by N., f m.
Dungeness Lt., W., 16^ m. — Folkestone ch., N.W.
a N., 8 m.— S. Foreland high Lt., N.N.E.,
8 m — Cape Gris-Nez Lt., S.S.E. i E., llj m.—
Varne Lt., S.W. by W. \ W., 5f m.
BUOYS IN THE DOWNS.
117
Name, Ooloue, and Position
OF Buoy.
Marks.
GOODWIN SANDS.
SOUTH GOODWIN buoy, che-
quered black and white (large
conical, with staff and cage),
in 15J fms., of£ S.E. part of S.
Calliper.
S.E. GOODWIN buoy, striped
black and white vertically
(large conical, with staff and
cage), in 17 fms., off N. part
of 'S. Calliper.
E. GOODWIN buoy, chequered
blaclt and wliite (large conical,
with St. Andrews Cross), in
10 fms., off S.E. part of N.
Goodwin.
N.E. GOODWIN buoy, striped
blaclc and white vertically
(without beacon), in 11 fms.,
off N.E. part of N. Goodwin.
Eingwold ch. just open S. of flogstalf of Mr.
Curling's ho. at Kingsdown, W.N.W. — Coast-
guard ho. on Cornhill on with S. Foreland
Low l.t.-ho., W. I S. — S. Sand Hd. Lt.-vessel,
W. by S. * S.. 3 m.— E. Goodwin Lt.-vessel E.
, by N. i N., 3ji m.— S.E. Goodwin buoy, N.E.
bj E. i B., 3 m.
Lord Warden Hotel at Dover just touching S.
Foreland, W. by S. J S. — Nortlibourne mill on
witli Time Bail at Deal, W. by N. f N.— B.
Goodwin Lt.-veasel B.S.E., 1^ m. — E. Good-
win buoy, N.E. by N., 2J m.
N. Sand Hd. Lts. just open W. of N.E. Goodwin
buoy, N. by E. J E. — Upper Deal mill open N.
of St. Saviours eh. at Deal, W. J S. — Highest
part of N. cliif in St. Margaret bay in line with
Goodwin Beacon, W.S.W.— Gull Lt., N.W. by
W. j W., 41 m. — N.B. Goodwin buoy, N. by B.
i E., 2 m.
S. Foreland High Lt.-ho. on with extreme end
of cliir at St. Margaret bay, S.W. by W. J W.—
St. Georges ch. at Eamsgate I along from the
gap to tlie N.E. half of Wellington crescent,
N.W. i W.— Upper Deal mill in line with S.W.
end of Deal hospital, W. by S. J S.— N. Sand
Hd. Lts., N. by B. J B., 2 m. — Goodwin Knoll
buoy, N.N.W. i W., 2 m.
GULL STREAM.
BUNT HEAD buoy, Wac7i (conical),
in 5^1 fms., off an elbow of
Goodwin projecting into S.
pai't of Gull btream.
N.W. BUNT buoy, Wac/c, in 6 fms.
N.W. GOODWIN buoy, blaclc
(conical), in 13 fms., near spit
of dry sand on N.W. side of
N. Goodwin.
Upper Deal mill, its width open S. of St. Saviours
ch., W. — Ramsgate pier Lt.-ho. in line with St.
George's ch., Ramsgate, N. J E. — Gull Lt.,
N.N.B., 2im.— N.W. Bunt buoy, N.E. f N.,
Ifi, m. — S. Brake buoy, N. f W.,l^m. — S. Sand
HJ. Lt., S. by W. f W., 4fj m.
First mill S. of Sandown castle on with North-
bourne mill, W. J N. — N. end of new coast-
' guard station in Old Stairs bay touching the
chancel end of St. Margarets ch., S.W. J W. —
Gull Lt., N. by E., 1^ m.— S. Brake buoy N.W.
by W. f W., nearly 1 m.
East Bottom semaphore, its width open W. of S.
Foreland high Lt.-ho., S.W. J W. — St. Georges
ch., Ramsgate, in line with the obelisk, N.N.W.
— N. Bar buoy, N. by B., 2 m. — Gull buoy
N.N.E. |E., 'A^l m.— Goodwin Knoll buoy,
E.N.E., 2f5 m.— Middle Brake buoy, N.W. by
W. i W.; 17jm.— Gull Lt., S.W. by W. J W.,
118 BUOYS IN THE DOWNS.
Name, Colour, and Position
OP Buoy.
Marks.
GOODWIN KNOLL buoy, black
Gull Lt., S.W. by W. | W., 4f„m.— N. Forelfind
edge of knoll.
DEAL BAfiKhuoy, chequered hlarlc
and loliite, in 4 fms., off E. side
of bank.
S. BRAKE buoy, striijed blach and
lohite horizontally (spherical
buoy with diamond on top),
in 6 fms., off S. end of Brake
MIDDLE BRAKE buoy, chequered,
black and white, in 5 fms.,
near E. ed™ of Brake,
N. BRAKE buoy, d.riped black and
ii-hite vertically, in 3 fms., on
N.E. part of Brake.
N. BAR KNOLL buoy, striped
black and white horizontally,
in 12 ft. on knoll.
G U LL SAN p buoy, chequered black
and white (conical), in 6 fms.,
at J m. s.E. of shoalest part
of 18 ft.
ELBOW buoy, striped black and
icli'te vertically (conical, with
staff and cape), in 5 fms., on
E. edge of shoal.
BROADSTAIRS KNOLLS buoy,
chequered black and white, in
Si fms., on outer edge of
knolls, 1 J m. off shore.
Lt., N.N.W. f W.— N. Sand Hd. Lt., E. | N.,
Ifi; m.— Gull buoy, N. \V. J W., 1^ m.
S. end of Deal Hospital on with Upper Deal Mill,
W. by S. J S. — Woodnesborough cli. just open of
N. end of Deal terrace. N.W. — Bunt Hd. buoy,
E. by S. * S., l^ti m.—S. Brake buoy, N.E. i E.,
H m.— S. Fairway buoy, N. by E. i E., 2| m.
N. Foreland Lt.-ho. just open E. of Broadstairs
N. cliff, N. by E. i E.— Upper Deal mill on
with Time Ball. W.S.W.— S. Sand Hd. Lt., S.
by.W. i W., .5,«i,m.— Gull Lt., N.E. by B., 1-^ m.
Middle Brake buoy, N.N.E., 2f|, m.
S. Foreland high Lt., S.W. i S.— Gull Lt., S. by
E., Ifj m.— N. Brake buoy, N.E. by N., 2J m.—
N. Bar buoy, N.E. f E., 2h m.— Gull buoy,
N.E. by E. i E., Sfi^m.
St. Lawrence ch. on with E. cliff at Eamsgate,
N.W. i W.— N. Foreland Lt., N. i E.— Eams-
gate pier Lt., N.W. by W. i W.
St. Clements eh., at Sandwich, its breadth open
S. of Woodnesborough ch., W. J S. — St. Law-
rence ch., N.W. i W.— Gull buoy, E. by N.,
1 m.— N. Sand Hd. Lts., E. by S., 3, W.— S. Fore-
land high Lt. on with end of N. cliff of Old
Stairs bay, S.W., and also nearly in line with
Gull Lt— Elbow buoy, N. by E. } E , 2J m.
— N. Sand Hd. Lts., E. by S. § S., 2/5 m.—
Gull Lt., S.W. i S., nearly 4 m.— N. Brake
buoy, W. by N. i N., If^m.
St. Lawr«ice ch. tower open N. of Dumpton Pt.,
W. § S.— N. Foreland Lt., N.W. by W i W.,
2-[|i m. — E. buoy of Margate Sand, N. by
W. i W., 5/5 m.
The apparent width of tower of St. Georges ch.
at Eiimsgate, open S. of Hearsons mill, W. J S. '
— St. Peters ch. tower on with N. side of house
on end of N. cliff at Broadstairs, N.W. j W. —
Elbow buoy E. hy N. 1 N., ],^jm.— Gull buoy
S. bv E. f E., 2 I? m.— N. Bar buoy, S. i W., 2,\
m.— N. Brake buov. S.S.W. J W., 1,^.
TTSEPTIL TABLES.
119
PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF PRIVATE GRAVING-DOCKS, &c,
IN DIFFERENT HARBOURS ON THE ENGLISH COAST.
Name of Port.
Graving Docks.
Patent
Slips.
Grid-
irons.
Rise ot Tide.
No.
Length
over all.
Breadth
of
Entrance.
Depth
over Sill
at High
Water
Ordinary
Springs.
Ordi-
nary
Springs.
Ordi-
nary
Neaps.
ft.
ft.
ft.
No.
N
0.
ft.
ft.
Penzance
128
35
12
16
12}
Falmoutli
400
65
17
1
16
12
350
50
141
16
12
PlymouthjCatwater
190
45
14
2 .
15i
Hi
„ Sutton Pool
265
50
16
2
15}
Hi
J. J.2
„ Mill Bay -
367
80
22*
_
15}
Dartmouth -
2
1
14
10
Teignmouth
2
13
Exmoutli, Topsham
1
190
32
10
111
Si
Weymouth -
1
1
6S
4i
1 475
1
80
26* 1
1
Southampton
3
346
66
20* 1
13
9}
[ 282
51
14* j
( 330
56
161 1
Cowes - - -
2
1
m
9}
1 140
36
121 1
Portsmouth, Town
1
349
50
J. 4 4
12J
10
Camber.
Portsmouth, Inner
1
12*
10
Camber.
Little Hampton -
1
1
16
Hi
Shoreham -
—
—
. —
2
18
131
Newhaven -
—
1 .
20
15
Rye - - -
1
15}
10}
Folkestone -
1
1
17
13
Dover - - -
1
i8i
15
Ramsgate -
1
15
12
• On bloclts.
A USEFUL TABLE FOR VESSELS CROSSING THE BANKS INSIDE THE ISLE OF WIGHT.
to
o
\yiNG the Deptli of Water, in Feet and Inches, under ordinary circumstances, over the shoalest part of the Banks, and in some of the Channels
inside the Isle of Wight, at Hourly Intervals of the Tide. But should the depth be requu-ed between Springs and Neaps, it will be necessary to interpo-
late. It IS probable that more or less water occasionally may be found on the day of the greatest rise or fall, than is here allowed for; but the utmost
difierence can scarcely amount to more than six inches.
A continuance of N.E. winds has the effect of keeping the tides back, wldle S.W. winds have a contrary effect.
Ordinary Springs.
Ordinary Neaps.
On a rising Tide.
On a falling Tide.
On a rising Tide.
On a failing Tide.
L.W,
lb.
2h.
3h.
4h.
5h.
6b.
7h.
H.W.
Ih.
2h.
3h.
41, kh.or
[
L.W.
Ih.
2b.
3h.
4h.
6h.
6h.
7h. or
H.W.
Ih.
2h.
3h.
4b.
5h. or
L.W.
Sturbvidge bank (p. 52)
f. in,
16 3
f. in.
17 9
f. in.
19 6
f. in.
20 9
f. in.
22 3
f. in.
25 0
f. in.
27 6
f.in,
29 0
f. in.
29 3
f. in.
23 6
f. in.
27 0
f. in.
23 9
f.in.
18 9
f.in.
16 3
f. in
20 6
20 9
f.in.
21 3
f.in.
21 9
f in
22 9
f.in.
24 3
f.in.
25 9
f. in.
26 6
f. in.
26 3
f. in.
25 3
f. in.
23 6
f. in. 1 f. in,
21 6 20 0
3 9j 2 9
Kyde Sand Head (p. 59)
awash
1 9
2 9t 4 6
7 3
9 9
11 3
11 6
10 6
9 3
6 C
10 —
8 6| 4 0
6 ej 8 0
8 9
8 6
7 6
5 9
No-niaiis Land bank (
(p. 59) _ _ _ (■
7 6
9 0
10 9
12 0
13 6
16 3
13 9
20 3
20 6
19 9
18 3
15 0
10 0
7 6
11 9
12 0
12 6| 13 0
13 9
15 e! 17 0
1
17 9
17 6
16 6
14 9
12 9' 11 9
i
Warner bank and St. )
Helens patch (pp. >
57, OS) - - -)
17 0
18 6
20 3
21 6
23 0
25 9
23 3
29 9
30 0
29 3
27 9
24 6
19 6
17 0
21 3
21 6
22 0
22 6
23 6
25 0
26 6
27 3
27 0
26 0
24 3
22 3
21 3
Princessa shoal and ^
chaTinel inside War- >
ner (pp. 56, 61) - )
19 0
20 6
22 3
23 6
25 0
27 9
30 3
31 9
32 0
31 3
29 9
26 6
21 6
19 0
23 3
23 6
24 .0
24 6
25 6
27 0
28 6
29 3
29 0
28 0
26 3
24 3
23 3
Bembrii^e ledge (p. 56)
1 3
2 6
4 0
6 9
9 3
10 9
11 0
10 3
8 9
5 6
0 6
2 3
2 6
3 0
3 6
4 6
6 0
7 6
8 3
8 0
7 0
5 3
3 3
2 3
Long and >'ab rocks 7
(p. 57) - ^
23 0
2i 6
26 3
27 6
29 0
31 9
34 3
35 9
36 0
35 3
33 9
30 6
25 6
23 0
27 3
21 6
28 0
28 6
29 6
31 0
32 6
33 3
33 0
32 0
30 3
28 3
7 3
Portsmouth harbour ^
Bar (p. 62) - - f
17 0
18 6
20 6
21 6
23 0
25 9
28 3
29 9
30 0
29 3
27 9
24 6
19 6
17 0
21 3
21 6
22 0
22 6
23 6
25 0
26 6
27 6
27 0
26 0
24 3
22 3
19 3
Swatchway, Spit sand,")
marks on (p. 63) -5
7 0
8 6
10 3
11 6
13 0
15 9
18 3
19 9
20 0
19 3
17 9
14 6
9 6
7 0
11 3
11 6
12 0
12 6
13 3
15 0
16 6
17 3
17 0
16 0
14 3
12 3
11 3
1
8 3; 6 3
i
Hamilton and Harrow 7
banks (p. 63) - - 5
1 0
2 6
4 3
5 6
7 0
9 9
12 3
13 9
14 0
13 3
11 9
8 6
3 0
1 0
5 3
5 6
6 0
6 6
7 6
9 0
10 6
11 3
11 0
10 0
6 3
Channel inside Hamil-")
ton bauli (p. 63) - j
4 0
5 6
7 3
8 6
10 0
12 9
15 3
16 9
17 0
16 3
14 9
11 6
6 6
4 0
8 3
8 6
9 0
9 6
10 6
12 0
13 6
14 3
14 0
13 0
11 3
9 3
8 9
Channel cast of Hamil- )
ton bank (p. 63) - J
6 6
8 0
g 9
11 0
12 6
15 3
17 9
19 3
19 6
18 9
17 3
14 0
9 0
6 6
10 9
11 0
11 6
12 0
12 9
14 6
16 0
16 9
16 6
15 6
13 9
11 9
10 9
Ridge vSlioal, S.E. end )
of Spit sand (p. 63)- J
3 0
4 5
6 3
1 6
9 0
11 9
14 3
16 9
16 0
15 3
13 9
10 6
6 6
3 0
7 3
7 6
8 0
8 6
9 3
11 0
12 6
13 3
13 0
12 0
10 3
8 3
7 3
Horse sand — Block- ^
bouse fort just open (
of Southsea castle f
(p. 61) - - -)
1 0
8 6
10 3
11 6
13 0
15 9
18 3
19 9
20 0
19 3
17 9
14 6
9 6
7 0
11 3
11 6
12 0
12 6
13 3
15 0
16 6
17 3
17 0
16 0
14 3
12 3
11 3
Horse sand — Haslar 'J
hospital just open (
of Southsea castle (
(p. 65) - - -)
6 0
6 6
8 3
9 6
11 0
13 9
16 3
17 9
18 0
17 3
15 9
12 6
7 6
6 0
9 3
9 6
10 0
10 6
11 3
13 0
14 6
15 3
15 0
14 0
12 3
10 3
9 3
Langston harbour Bar'^
(p. 65) - - - f
I 0
2 6
4 3
5 6
7 0
9 9
12 3
13 9
14 0
13 3
11 9
8 6
3 6
1 0
6 3
6 6
6 0
6 6
7 6
9 0
10 6
11 3
11 0
10 0
8 3
6 3
6 3
Hayling shoal (p. 65) -
8 6
10 0
11 9
13 0
14 6
17 3
19 9
21 3
21 6
20 9
19 3
16 0
11 0
8 6
12 9
13 0
13 6
14 0
15 0
16 6
18 0
18 9
18 6
17 6
15 9
13 9
12 9
Chichester harbour Bar ■)
(p. 65) - - -(
2 0
3 6
6 3
6 6
8 0
10 9
13 3
14 9
15 0
14 3
12 9
9 6
4 6
2 0
6 3
6 6
7 0
7 6
8 6
10 0
11 6
12 3
12 0
11 0
9 3
7 3
6 3
Medmeriy bank (p. 65)
13 C
14 6
16 3
17 6
19 0
21 9
24 3
25 9
26 0
25 3
23 9
20 6
15 6
13 0
17 3
17 6
18 i'
18 6
19 6
21 0
22 6
23 3
23 0
22 0
20 3
18 3
17 3
Cross ledge — West i
entrance of Looe ; >
marks on (p. 67) - )
14 6
14 3
16 0
18 3
21 9
25 6
28 3
29 9
30 e
28 9
26 9
21 6
17 6
14 6
19 3
18 9
19 6
20 6
22 6
24 6
26 0
27 3
26 9
2^ 3
23 0
20 9
19 3
Boulder bank, Middle 'i
and shoal of Lead >
(p. 6V) - - - )
2 6
2 3
4 0
6 3
9 9
13 6
16 3
17 9
18 0
16 9
13 9
9 6
6 6
2 6
7 3
6 9
7 6
8 6
10 6
12 6
14 0
16 3
14 9
13 3
17 3
11 0
8 9
7 3
Eastborough Head and ^
anywhere between (
Middle Ground and f
Boulder bank (p. 66) J
6 6
6 a
8 0
10 3
13 9
17 6
20 3
21 9
22 0
20 9
17 9
13 6
9 6
6 6
11 3
10 9
11 6
12 6
14 6
16 6
18 0
19 3
18 9
16 0
12 9
11 3
122
USEFUL TABLES.
THE NUMBER OF MILES OB MINUTES OF THE EQUATOR CONTAINED
IN A DEGREE OF LONGITUDE UNDER EACH PARALLEL OF LATI-
TUDE FOR THE SPHEROID— THE COMPRESSION OF THE EARTH
BEING ASSUMED A.
Lat.
Length of
Degree.
Lat.
Length of
Degree.
Lat.
Length of
Degree.
o
o
0
0
60-003
31
51-475
61
29-161
1
59-991
32
50-930
62
28-240
2
59-964
33
50-370
63
27-310
3
59-918
34
49-793
64
26-372
i
59-854
35
49-202
65
25-426
5
59-773
36
48-596
66
24-471
6
59-673
37
47-975
67
23-509
7
59-556
38
47-339
68
22-540
8
59-419
39
46-688
69
21-564
9
59-266
40
46-021
70
20-581
10
59-094
41
45-346
71
19-592
11
58-905
42
44-654
72
18-596
12
58-697
43
43-948
73
17-595
13
58-472
44
43-229
74
16-588
14
58-229
45
42-495
75
15-577
15
57-968
46
41-750
76
14-560
16
57-690
47
40-992
77
13-539
17
57-394
48
40-220
78
12-514
18
57-081
49
39-437
79
11-485
19
56-751
50
38-642
80
10-452
20
56-403
51
37-834
81
9-416
21
56-038
52
37-015
82
8-377
22
55-657
53
36-185
83
7-336
23
55-258
'54
35-343
84
6-292
24
54-842
55
34-400
85
5-246
25
54-410
56
33-627
86
4-199
26
53-962
57
32-754
87
3-150
27
53-496
58
31-870
88
2-101
28
53-015
59
30-977
89
1-050
29
52-518
60
30-074
90
0-000
30
52-004
1
TTSEI'TJIi TABLES.
123
TO FIND THE DISTANCE OF AN OBJECT BY TWO BEAEINGS, AND
THE DISTANCE RUN BETWEEN THEM.
When the ship's path lies across the line of direction of the object, the distance
can be obtained by two bearings, and the distance run by the ship in the interval of
time between them.
Bt Two Beaeinss of same Object.
Take the bearing of the object, and note the number of points contained between
it and ship's head. After the bearing has altered not less than 2 or 3 points, note
the number of points in the same angle again. The ship is supposed to keejj the
same course ; if not, the course made good must be employed, and the local deviation,
if considerable, allowed for, as it will affect the different courses differently.
To find the distance when the last bearing was taken : — Enter the Table with the
first number of points at the top, and the second number of points at the side ; take
out the number corresponding, and multiply it by the number of miles made good by
the ship ; the result is the Dist. in miles at the time the last bearing was taken.
Example. — The Eddystone bore N.W. by W. ; after running W. by S. 8 miles, it
boreN.N.E. : required its Dist. at this last bearing.
The number of points between N.W. by W. and W. by S. is 4 ; that between N.N.E.
and W. by S. is 11 ; under 4 at the top and against 11 at the side stands 0'72, which
multiplied by 8 (miles), gives 5 8 miles, the Dist. required.
tween
and
jring.
Difference between Course and 1st Bearing
Points.
Points.
2
2*
3
3+
4
5
5i
6
7
7i
8 1 8i
9
9i
10
3i
i
H
5
5i
6
6i-
7
■Ji
8
.1-00
1-00
0-81
0-69
0-60
0-54
0-49
0-46
0-43
0-41
1-23
1-00
0-85
0-74
0-67
0-61
0-57
0-53
1-45
1-17
1-00
0-88
0-79
0-72
0-67
1-G6
1-35
1-14
1-00
0-90
0-82
1-85
1-60
1-27
l-ll
1-00
2-02
1-64
1-39
1-22
2-17
1-77
1-50
2-30
1-87
2-41
8i
0
H
10
10*
11
Hi
12
\2i
0-40
0-39
0-38
0-38
0-38
0-39
0-40
0-41
0-43
0-51
0-49
0-43
0-47
0-47
0-47
0-48
0-49
0-51
0-63
0-60
0-68
0-57
0-56
0-66
0-56
0-67
0-68
0-76
0-72
0-G9
0-66
0-65
0-64
0 63
0-64
0-65
0-92
0-85
0-80
0-76
0-74
0-72
0-71
0-71
0-71
1-09
1-00
0-93
0-88
0-84
0-81
0-79
0-78
0-77
1-31
1-18
1-08
l-OO
0-94
0-90
0-37
0-85
0-83
1-68
1-39
1-26
1-14
1-06
'1-00
0-96
0-92
0-90
1-96
1-66
1-46
1-31
1-19
1-11
1-05
1-00
0-97
2-50
2-03
1-72
1-51
1.35
1-24
1-15
1-08
1-03
2-66
2-08
1-76
1-66
1-39
1-27
1'18
1-11
2-60
2-11
1-79,
1-67
1-41
1-29
1-20
2
2
1
1
1
1
61
12
80
68
41
29
2-60
2-11
1-79
1-67
1-41
2
2
1
1
66
0
76
66
2-60
2-03
1-72
1-41
1-96
124
USEFUL TABLES.
FOE REDUCING GEOGRAPHICAL MILES (OF 6,080 FEET) TO ENGLISH
STATUTE MILES, AND ENGLISH STATUTE TO GEOGRAPHICAL.
1 Geographic mile = 1 ■ 15151515 English statute mile.
1 English statute mile = 0 ■ 86842105 Geographic mile.
Geogr. orEi ii .
Statute Miles. ;
tnglish
Statute
Miles
and Dec,
Parts.
Geographic
Miles
Dec. Parts.
Geogr. or Kngl.
Statute Miles.
Statute
Miles
and Dec.
Parts.
Geographic
Miles
Dec. Parts.
Geogr. or Ki i
Statute Miles. ,
■c V I,
ildDgllSQ
Statute
Miles
and
Dec. Parts.
Geographic
Miles
Dec. Parts,
1
1-1,52
0-868
38
43-758
33-000
70
86-364
65-132
2
2-303
1-737
39
44-909
33-868
76
87 - 515
66-000
3
3-455
2-605
40
46-061
34-737
77
88-667
66-868
4
4-606
3-474
41
47-212
35-605
78
89-818
67-737
5
5-7.58
4-342
42
48-364
36-474
79
90-970
68-605
6
6-909
5-211
43
49-515
37-342
80
92-121
69-474
7
8-061
6-079
it
50-667
38-211
oi
93-273
70-342
8
9-212
6-947
45
51-818
39-079
82
94-424
71-211
9
10-364
7-816
to
52-970
39-947
OQ
OO
95 -.576
72-079
10
11-515
8-684
47
54-121
40-816
OA
96-727
72-947
11
12-667
9-553
A Q
55-273
41-684
00
97-879
73-816
12
13-818
10-421
Aa
56-424
42-553
Ob
99-030
74-684
13
14-970
11-289
OU
57 -.576
43-421
O/
100-182
75-553
14
16-121
12-158
51
58-727
44-289
88
101-333
76-421
15
17 --273
13-026
52
59-879
45-158
89
102-485
77-289
16
18-424
13-895
53
61-030
46-026
90
103-636
78-158
17
19-576
14-763
54
62-182
46-895
91
104-788
79-026
18
20-727
15-6-32
55
63-333
47-763
92
105-939
79-895
19
21-879
16-500
56
64-485
48-632
93
107-091
80-763
20
23-030
17-368
57
65-636
49 -.500
94
108-242
81-632
21
24-182
18-237
58
66-788
50-368
95
109-394
82-600
22
25 - 333
19 - 105
59
67-939
51 -237
90
oq . QCQ
OO ODo
23
26-485
19-974
60
69-091
52-105
97
111-697
84-237
24
27-636
20-842
61
70-242
52-974
98
112-848
85-105
25
28-788
21-711
62
71-394
53-842 I
99
114-000
85-974
26
29-939
22-579
63
72-545
54-711
100
115-152
86-842
27
31-091
23-447
64
73-697
55-579
200
230-303
173-684
28
,32-242
24-316
65
74-848
56-447 I
300
345-455
260-526
29
33-394
25-184
66
76-000
57-316 1
400
460-606
,347-368
30
34-545
26-053
67
77-1.52
58-184
500
575-7.58
434-211
31
35-697
26-921
68
78-303
59-0,53
600
690-909
521-053
32
36-848
27-789
69
79-455
59-921
700
806-061
607-895
38
38-noo
28-658
70
80-606
60-789
800
921-212
694-737
34
39-152
29-526
71
81-758
61-658
900
1036-364
781-579
35
40-303
30-395
72
82-909
62-526
1000
1151-515
868-421
36
41-455
31-263
73
84-061
63-395
2000
2303-030
1736-842
37
42-606
32-132
74
85-212
64-263
3000
3454-645
2605-263
Example. — 10 Geographic or Nautical miles = 11-515 English stiitute miles,
10 English statute miles = 8-684 Geographic miles.
USEFUL TABLES.
125
TABLE SHOWING THE DISTANCE OF THE HORIZON AT
DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS.
Height.
Distance
to tlie
Horizon.
Height.
Distance
to tlie
Horizon.
Height.
Distance
to the
Horizon.
Height.
Distance
to the
Horizon.
Height.
Distance
to the
Horizon.
nautical
nautical
nautical
nautical
nautical
ft.'
miles.
ft.
miles.
ft.
miles.
ft.
miles.
ft.
miles.
1
1-15
33
6-60
85
10-59
245
17-98
450
24-36
2
1-62
84
6-70
90
10-90
259
18-16
460
24-63
3
1-99
85
6-80
95
11-19
255
18-34
470
24-90
4
2-30
36
6-89
100
11-49
260
18-52
480
25-16
5
2-57
37
6-99
105
11-77
265
18-70
490
25-42
6
2 ■81
38
7 '08
110
12 - 05
270
18-87
500
25-68
7
3-04
39
7-17
115
12-32
275
19-05
510
25-94
g
3-25
40
7-26
120
• 12-58
280
19-22
520
26-19
9
3-45
41
7-35
125
12-84
285
19-39
530
26-44
10
3-63
42
7-44
130
13-10
290
19-56
540
26-69
11
3-Hl
43
7-53
135
13-35
295
19-73
550
26-93
12
3-98
44
7-62
140
13-61
300
19-89
560
27-18
LS
4-14
45
7-70
145
13-83
805
20-06
570
27-42
14
4'30
46
7'79
150
14-06
310
20-22
580
27-66
15
4-45
47
7-87
155
14-30
815
20-38
590
27-90
16
4-59
48
7-96
160
14-53
320
20-55
600
28-13
4-74
8-04
-LDO
14-75
20-71
DXv
28-37
18
4-87
50
8-12
170
14-97
330
20-86
620
28-60
19
5-01
51
8-20
175
15-19
335
21-02
630
2>i-S3
20
5-14
52
8-29
180
15-41
! 340
21-18
640
29-06
21
5-26
53
8-36
185
15-62
j 345
21-33
650
29-28
22
5-39
54
8-44
190
15-83
1 350
21-49
660
29-51
23
5-51
55
8-52
195
16-04
: 355
21-64
670
29-73
24
5-63
56
8-60
200
16-24
360
21-79
680
29-95
25
5-74
57
8-67
205
16-44
370
22-09
690
30-17
26
5-86
58
8-75
210
16-64
380
22-39
700
30-39
27
5-97
59
8-82
215
16-84
390
22-68
710
30-60
28
6-08
60
8-90
220
17-03
400
22-97
720
30-82
29
6-19
65
9-26
225
17-20
; 410
23-26
730
31-03
30
6-29
70
9-61
230
17-42 •
420
23-54
740
31-24
31
6-40
75
9-95
235
17-61
430
23-82
750
31-45
32
6-50
80
10-27
240
17 -79
440
24-09
760
31-66
By this Table also the distance can be ascertained at which an object can be seen,
according to its elevation and the elevation of the eye of the observer.
Example : A tower, 200 ft-et high, will be visible at 20f miles to an observer whose
eye is elevated 15 feet above the water: thus —
15 feet elevation, distance visible 4-45 nautical miles.
200 „ „ „ „ 16-24 „
20-69
126
INDEX TO PARTICULAE PLACES.
Albans, St., Hd., 43.
Alum bay, 47.
Arun river, 71.
Atherfield ledge, 45.
Austell, St., bay, 17.
Avon river, 29,
Babbacombe bay, 35.
Barometer, xi.
Bassurelle shoal, 83,
BeachyHd. 75.
, , to South Porelaii
Beaulieu river, 50.
Bembridge ledge. 56.
Berry Hd., 30, 34.
Bexhill, 77.
Bigbury bay, 28.
Black rock, 15.
Boguor rocks, 70.
Bolt Hd. and Bolt Tail, 12.
Bournemouth, 45.
Brake sand, 85.
Brading Haven, 58.
Bramble Bank, 50.
Bridge reef, 46.
Bridport, 38.
Brighton, 74.
Brisons, 9.
Broad.stairs, 89.
Brook ledge, 45.
Budleigh Salterton, 37.
Bullock bank, 84.
, , patch, 66.
Buoys, description and marks for, 107-1
Oarrick road, 15.
Catherine, St., point, 3, 45.
Chale bay, 45.
Channel, entering the, 1.
, , running up, 3.
■ , , working down, 4.
, , streams, 90-93.
Charlestown, 17.
Chichester, 65.
Ohristohurch Hd., 45.
, , ledge and harbour, 45.
Coverack, 14.
Cowes, 50.
Cross road, 16.
Culver spit, 45.
Dartmouth to Berry Hd., 34.
, , harbour, 31.
Deane sand, 59.
Docks, dimensions, &c., 119.
Dodmon, 12.
Dover, 82.
Downend, 18.
Downs, 85.
Dungeness, 4, 79.
Dunnose to Spithead, 59.
East Riitts, 20.
Eastboui-ne bay, 77.
Eddystone rook, 20.
Erme river, 28.
Exmoutli, 35.
Falmouth, 14.
Folkestone, 80.
Fowcy, 18.
Froshwiiter bay, 46.
Gerran bay, 10.
Goodwin sands, 84.
Gregory rocks, 29.
Gribbin Hd., 12.
Gull stream, 86.
Gin-net ledge, 49.
Hamoaze, 25.
Hampsted ledge, 49.
Hamstone rock, 29.
Hand deeps. 20.
Hastings, 77.
Helens, St., road, 57.
Helford river, 14.
High Ground shoal, 37.
Hoe obelisk, 21.
Hooe bank, 68.
i Horse sand, 59.
I Hurst road, 48.
Isle of Wight, south coast. 45.
Kingmere rocks, 70.
Lands End, 9.
Langston, 65.
Lepe Middle, 50.
Leven port, 11.
Lifeboats, /ace page 1.
Lights, description of, 96-106.
Little Hampton, 71.
Lizard to Start, 3, 12.
Longship rocks, 9.
Looe, 19.
Looe sti-eam, 68.
Lugo rock, 15.
Lulworth, 43.
Lyme Regis, 37.
Lymington river, 49.
Manacles, 14.
Medmery bank,' 65.
Mevagissey bay and harbour, 17.
Mewstone, 21.
Motherbank, 52.
Mount St. Michaels harbour, 10.
Mount Batten, 21.
Mounts bay, 10.
Mousehole, 10.
MuUion island, 10.
d, 76-84.
INDEX XO PAETICULAE PLACES.
127
Nab rock, 57.
Needles channel, 46.
, , North channel, 48.
, , to Southampton, 46-54.
, , to Spithead, 53-54.
Newcombe bank, 80.
New Grounds, 57.
Newhaven, 74.
Newlyn, 10.
No-mans Land, 59.
North Foreland, 84.
Old Castle Ft., 50.
Old Wall Rock, 15.
Outer Nab shoal, 57.
Owers to Beaehy Head, 66.
Owers, directions for clearing, 69.
Owers to Spithead, 60.
Par, 18.
Peel Bank, 52.
Pentuan, 17.
Penzance, 10.
Peveusey bay, 77-
Plymouth Sound and Hamoaze, 21.
to Start, 27.
Folkerris, 18.
Pollock shoal, 38.
Polperro, 11.
Poole harbour, 44.
, , rocka, 44.
Porthoustoe cove, 14.
Portland harbour, 42.
, , ledge and race, 40.
, , to Bembridgo Ft., 39.
Portsmouth harbom-, 62,
, , to Selsea Bill, 64.
Princessa shoal, 56.
Prince Consort sboal, 50.
Kame Hd., 21.
Eamsgate, 87.
Kidge shoal, 83.
Eingstead ledges, 43.
Eoar bank, 80.
Eoyal Sovereign shoals, 73.
Eyde, 52.
, , sand, 59.
, , Middle bank, 52.
Eye, 78.
Eunnel Stone, 9.
Salcombe, 29.
Salt Mead ledge, 49.
Sandgate road, 80.
Scilly Islands to Lizard, 7-11.
Seaford Hd., 66.
, , road, 75.
Seaton, 37.
Seaman's proverbs, xi.
Selsea Bill, 66.
Seven stones, 8.
Shambles bank, 41.
Shelly rooks, 70.
Sherbeterry rocks, 19.
Shingles, 47.
Shoreliam, 72.
Sidmouth, 37.
Signal Stations, 7-13.
Skerries bank, 31.
Solent banks, 49.
Soutl) to North Foreland, 84.
Southampton Water, 51.
Spernan shoals, 13.
Spithead, eastern entrance to, 56.
, , anchorage, 59.
St. Helens road, 57.
Stag rocks, 13.
Start to Portland, 3, 30.
Start bay, 31.
Stephenson shoal, 80.
Stoke Ft. rock, 28.
Stokes bay, 52.
Studland bay, 44.
Sturbridge bank, 52.
Swallow bank, 80.
Swanage bay, 43.
Tamar river, 27.
Teignmouth, 35.
Tide Table, vui.
Tides in Channel, 90-95.
, , between Portland and Owers, 93.
,, Needles and Spithead, 55.
, , in Downs, 92.
, , Table of Direction and Eate, 94.
Torbay, 34.
Totland bay, 47.
Tywardreath bay, 17.
Udder rook, 18.
Useful tables, 119-125.
Variation, at head of each chapter.
Varne shoal, 83.
Veryan bay, 16.
Vrogue rock, 13.
Warden ledge, 48.
Warner bank, 58.
Wells rock, 29.
Wembury bay, 28.
West bay, 38.
Wevmoufh, 42.
White Cliff bay, 46.
Whitesand bay, 20.
Winds and weather, x., xi.
Winter knoll, 70.
Worbarrow bay, 43.
Worthing, 72.
Wolf rock, 9.
Wrinkle, port, 19.
Yarmouth Road, 49.
Yealm Hd,, 12.
, , river, 27.
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