Columbia (Bnit)er^ttp College of ^]^j>£iicians! anb ^urgeonsf U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY— BULLETIN No. 84. PART I. H. W. WILEY, Chief of Bukeau. INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES AND ARTIFICIAL COLORS ON dd;estion and health, I.— BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. By II. W. WILKV, M. I)., WITH THK ror.I.AMOKATlON OK W. I). BKIKI.OW, CHIKK OK THE KIVISION OK KOODS, AND OTHKKS. WASH INC JTON: (iO V Kii N M i; N r I'lMNIINii < ) K I " I ( ' K . i Ji 4 . vvioi4' o LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, Washington^ D. C, June 23, 1901^. Sir: I beg leave to submit for your approval a detailed report on the experiments undertaken in this Bureau to ascertain the effects of boric acid and borax on digestion and health. In connection with the various phases of the work credit is given to those who performed it, but special mention should be made of the cooperation of the Bureau of Statistics, where the anal3^tical data were tabulated. Tliis assistance has been invalua))le and has expedited the publication of the report. Acknowledgment is also due to the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service for the medical supervision given during the experiment. 1 recommend the publication of this manuscript as Part 1 of Bul- letin No. 84 of the Bureau of Chemistry. KespectfuUv, H. W. Wiley, Chief. Hon. Jamp:s \\'ilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. Page. Object of the investigation 7 Plan of the investigation 8 Organization of the work 11 Nuin])er of persons selected 12 Control of niem])ers of the table 12 Hours of meals and bill of fare 13 Series and periods of observation 14 Duration of the experimental stages 17 Collection of excreta 18 -Medical supervision 18 Examination of the blood 19 Determination of temperature and pulse 20 Body weights 20 Methods of analysis 21 Analysis of foods 21 Determination of water 22 Determination of fat 28 Determination of nitrogen 23 Determination of phosphoric acid 23 Determination of heat of combustion 23 Analysis of urine 23 Analysis of feces 24 Special difficulties connected with the work 27 Collection of excreta 27 Effect of regular habits 28 Mental attitude 29 Classification and interpretation of the data 30 KKKKCTS I'RODtCKI) HV TIIK I'KKSKRVATIVE. xhcMlule of administration of the i)reservative 32 Kxcn-tion of the boric acid and borax 38 Nb'ilical history 44 I'hy.wical and medical examinations 44 Daily medical notcH 52 liixly weights .' 87 Variations in body weights 87 Ratio of food weight U) body weight 102 The ninnlxT of corpusdcH and the (piantity of Ji(!moglobin in the blood 124 Composition of the feces 1 28 The urine IM .Nitrogen and phoHphorit; acid eliminated I'">l Iteaction 1 59 f) 6 CONTENTS. Page. The urine — Continued. Volume, specific gravity, and total solids 1 66 Traces of albumin - - 197 Microscopical examinations 199 Metabolic processes 212 Nitrogen 212 Balance 212 Percentage eliminated 216 Phosphoric acid 219 Balance 219 Percentage eliminated - 225 Fat 229 Balance 229 Percentage eliminated 231 . Calories 233 Balance : 233 Percentage eliminated 235 Solids balance 238 Summary of results 244 General conclusions 250 Necessity of mineral substances in the blood 250 The argument de minimis 251 Effect of boric acid and borax upon general health 253 APPENDIX. Tables showing balances of food elements 256 Explanation 256 Nitrogen tables '. 260 Phosphoric-acid tables 307 Fat tables 354 Calories tables 387 Solids tables 423 Samples of record and calculation forms 462 Estimate of work in vol ved 474 References to headings, by series 475 List of tables 475 ILLUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURE. Fig. 1. Apparatus for drying feces 26 CHARTS 2. Daily and average body weights for Series 1 97 3. Daily and average body weights for Series II 98 4. Daily and average body weights for Series III 99 5. Daily and average body weights for Series IV 100 6. Daily and average body weights for Series V 101 7. General average of body weights for entire experiment 101 8. Albumin in urine 198 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES AND ARTI- FICIAL COLORS ON DIGESTION AND HEALTH. I.— BOKIC ACID AND BOKAX. INTRODUCTION. OBJECT OF THE INVESTIGATION. The ohject of the investigation described in the following pages is to determine the effect of certain preservatives upon digestion and health. The work was undertaken in accordance with the authority conferred by Congress in the act (32 Stat. L., 286) making appropria- tions for the Department of Agriculture for the tiscal year ended June 30. 1903. In that act the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized "to investigate the character of proposed food preservatives and coloring matters, to determine their relation to digestion and to health, and to establish principles which should guide their use." The necessity for an investigation of this kind is found in the very general use of certain chemical compounds for preserving foods and of certain coloring matters for imparting to foods a tint resembling that of nature, which they may have lost, or of producing in food products certain colors which are attractive to the eye of the consumer. The use of preservatives in food products is as old as civilization, and there is no occasion in these investigations for adding to the studies already made of the long-established preservative agents. Moreover, these preservatives are (^ondinuMital in character and reveal themselves at once by taste or odor to the consunjcr. The more important of the common and long-established preservatives are salt, sugar, vinegar, and wood smoke. Alcohol has also been long used as a food presca'vative, but does not, rank in anti(|uity and in gcMieralit}' of use with those just mention«M], One of th(! chief characteristics of the njodern chemical pi-eserva- ti\e i> that it is often almost without taste or odor, and for this rea- son its presence in a food product, unless specitically proclaimed, would not b<; notic;^d Ity the consumer. But while this is true of most of the preservatives used in the |)i'eparation of foods (exc(^})t the condimental substances nientionedj, in the (juantities employed, this 7 8 TNFLUElSrCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES OTST HEALTH. docs not mean that in a concentrated form the}^ have neither taste nor odor. Quite the contrary is true. Nearlj^ all of them in a concen- trated state reveal themselves either by taste or by odor. For instance, salicylic acid in a pure state has a distinct taste, and sulphurous acid in the form of gas or in a nearly saturated solution is distinguished by its odor and irritant effect upon the nostrils. Nevertheless, small quantities of salicylic acid can be placed in food products without the consumer being able to detect it, and the same is true of sulphurous acid. Legislation has been enacted concerning the use of preservatives and coloring matters in foods in foreign countries and in the various States of the United States. « This legislation is of varying character, prohibiting in some countries what is allowed in others, establishing rules and regulations which are local in character, and, in general, producing a state "of affairs which is annoying to the manufacturer of food products and the dealers therein, and which, by the diversity of laws and decisions relating thereto, does not secure to the consumer the full benefit which was intended. The desirability of some inves- tigation, therefore, is apparent, in order to establish certain principles concerning the use or prohibition of these substances, which, by rea- son of their more general applicabilit}^, may influence local and gen- eral legislation in a manner tending to secure a greater uniformity and eflBciency. It is also evident that if these investigations are conducted under some direction not particularly interested in the construction of any law nor associated in any commercial way with the interests of either manufacturer or consumer, they will have a greater weight. The Secretar}^ of Agriculture is manifestly the proper official to undertake and direct such an investigation. The interests of the Department over which he presides are associated alike with pro- ducers, manufacturers, and consumers of food products, and thus any bias which might exist in other quarters in favor of any particular interest would be eliminated. For this reason the investigations con- ducted under bis direction, even if no more thorough, painstaking, or reliable than if carried on under other auspices, would be commended more generally by reason of their freedom from influences which might tend to divert them from their intended purposes. PLAN OF THE INVESTIGATION. In determining the method by which these investigations should be conducted, a careful study was made of similar researches which have been made both in the United States and in foreign countries. A sur- vey of the field of rssearch in this direction shows that three principal methods of procedure have been followed. «U. S. Dept. Agr.,Bureauof Chemistry, Bui. No. 69, Pts. I-VI; Bui. No. 83, Pt. I. BORIC ATID AND BORAX. 9 In the first case uuiy be cited those investigations which have l)cen conducted In' means of artificial digestion. Fortunately for science, the various ferments which are active in digestion in the living animal have been isolated and prepared in a reasonably" pure state. By secur- ing as nearly as possible the other conditions which obtain during digestion in the living body, artificial digestion similar thereto can be secured. Thus, if food properly comminuted and kept at the temper- ature of the stomach, in motion similar to that produced by the peri- staltic action of the intestines, be treated by the proper digestive acids and ferments, the chemical actions which occur are entirely similar to those which take place in the living organ itself. Thus, the ferments that digest starch and sugar, those that act upon protein, and those that act upon fats can be studied outside of the living organism. The results which have been obtained by this method of investigation are most valuable, and when the preservatives and coloring matters in question are added, any changes which are produced, either in the degree or in the rate of digestion, can be easily ascertained. In the second case the problem may be studied b^^ experiments con- ducted upon the lower animals, and from the results of these experi- ments inferences maA' be drawn applicable to the human animal. This line of experiment and investigation has also great merit. The animals operated upon are kept under close control. The amount of food which they consume is easil}^ ascertained. The excreta they produce are collected, and a complete chemical control can be instituted in connection with the digestive process. When preservatives and color- ing matters are added to the food of animals thus treated, any changes which take phice in the digestive processes or any lesions which are produced in the organs of the bod}' can be ascertained. This method of investigation also has the additional merit that at the end of the period of observation the animal may l)e killed and changes in its organs whi(;h were so slight as to produce no observable effects during life may be sought and discovered. Thus, minute or incipient lesions of the digestive organs or of the other organs of the body are brought to light which othciwisc would escape notice. If the digestive proc- esses in the lower animals were exactly the same as those in the human anin)al, this method of investigation would necessarily be accepted as final and conclusive; but each species of jinimal has its own peculiari- ties of digestion, and therefore the results produced on one species by a certain course; of treatment might not l)e secured with an animal of a dificfcnt spec-ies or genus. This fact has led i(iv<'stigatoi's to un- dei'take a third kind of research, namely, experinn'iits with ihc liiiiiiuii animal itself. This nn'thod of in\estigation also has advantages as well as many disadvantag<'s. For the most part such investigations are carried out ii[)on volunteer's, since no one cf)uld be forccid to undergo any such 10 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. experimental treatment except as a punishment for crime. In the second place, the intellig-ence of the human animal may also be utilized^ in the study of the effects produced. Symptoms which the lower animals might have of distress or malaise when in the incipient stage might escape notice altogether, whereas similar symptoms in a man would be described. Further, it must be admitted that animals under confinement, as is necessarily the case when experiments are made with them, are not wholly in a normal state, whereas the man who volunteers for an experiment of this kind would not chafe or become restive under confinement. Again, it must be considered that as the investigations above outlined are particularly applicable to the diges- tion and health of man, it is evident that the experiments made upon man himself would be the most decisive in all cases. The one great disadvantage of experiments of this kind is the inability to absolutely control the " experimentee." Where a large number of persons is to be considered and the experiment is to extend over a long period it is evidently impracticable to secure a direct per- sonal control of every action of each one during the whole time. In the present case the young men selected (who volunteered for the experiment) continued their usual vocations. They were simply placed upon their honor and neither watched nor confined. The data which, are obtained in this way are therefore open to the objection, in some cases, that the rules and regulations set for the conduct of the experi- ment may have been transgressed without the knowledge or consent of the observer. While this is a valid objection and should have full consideration, it must not be forgotten that among the twelve young men upon whom the experiments were conducted it is not likely that the violations of their pledge of honor would be sufficiently numerous to affect in any marked degree the results as a whole. Further, it must be remembered that the greater number of those upon whom experiments were made were 3^oung men of approved character, manj^ of whom had college training, and a large majority of whom were engaged in scientific pursuits. All these facts are of more or less importance in considering the character of the data secured. It would be unwise to claim that among so many persons and amid so many temptations no violation of the pledge took place, j^et it must be admitted that upon the whole we can be reasonably certain that the obligations voluntaril}^ assumed were discharged faithfully and con- scientiousl3^ An}^ departures from the set rules' of conduct which might occur would not be made with any design of affecting the data, and therefore, as a whole, the errors which might arise from this source would, according to the doctrine of probabilities, be largely compensatory. Thus, while in any individual case the data might be rendered unreliable by reason of such departures from the set rules, the results as a whole would not be seriously affected. The plan of BORIC ACID AND UORAX. 11 tho work, thoreforo, included the idea of eonduetinj^ the iiivestiojitions witli volunteers — ^oung* men, most of whom were connected with the Department of Agriculture — and provided that during the period of observation they should continue in their usual vocations. ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK. A large number of volunteers offered their services for the investi- gations above outlined. Each applicant for a place at the experi- mental table was required to till out a blank describing the usual conduct of his daily life. This blank is as follows: De.iicriptiie blank to be filled out by applicants for liygienic table. (1) Name and address. (2) Date of birth. (3) Have you had any sickness con- fining you to your room within a year? If so, state nature and duration. (4) Are you subject to indigestion? If so, state character and frequency. (5) Do you use coffee, tea, or chocolate with your meals? If so, state at which meals and what bev- everage you prefer. (6) Do you use tobacco? If so, state in what form, at what times, and quantity. (7) Do you use wine, beer, or other alcoholic beverages? (8) Do you go to stool regularly? At what hours? (9) At what hour.s do you usually urinate? (10) At what hours do you go to be', arranged to fill automatically the baths used for di'ying the cans; c, c, lead pipes to supply air to the water reservoir for the purpose of per- mitting the water to flow from it into th(^ bath to maintain a constant level; le. Cheerful surround- ings, good company, and, in general, an agreeable environment, tend to promote the favoralde progress of digestion. A reversal of the con- ditions of environment to the disagreeable, combined with mental depression, bad news, and other unfavorable conditions, have exactly the opposite effect. The question therefore arose in connection with the experimental work as to the advisability and possibility of preventing the mental attitude from producing any effect, A careful consideration of all the conditions of the problem made it clear that it would be impossible to conduct the experiments in any way which would exclude from the knowledge of the participant the fact that prcvservatives were added to the food. It was fully undc^-stood that ho was employed for this purpose, and the very moment that the observation began upon his daily life, by weighing the food and collecting the excreta, he would be aware of the fact that he was under observation and was probably partaking of preservatives. The (juestion also arose whether oi- not the preservatives should be given in ca^jsules op nly or* whether they should be conceuh^d in the food it.s('jf, I)()th of (hese methods recei\'cd a tliorough experi- mental tiial. When the preservative was mixed with the food in such a way as to conceal its [)hysical appearance, u certain dislike 30 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. of the food in which it was supposed to be was manifested by some of the members of the table. Those who thought the preservative was concealed in the butter were disposed to find the butter unpala- table, and the same was true with those who thought it might be in the milk or the coffee. When, on the other hand, the preservative was given in the capsules with the full knowledge of the subject, much less disturbance was created. In fact, after a da}^ or two, when the subject became used to the fact that he was taking a preservative, it was apparent that the effect of the mental attitude was not at all noticeable. All the foods offered were relished because they were known to contain no preservative, while the preservative itself, exhibited in the form of a capsule, imparted no bad taste or other dis- agreeable effect. If an experiment of this kind were to be continued only a few days it is evident that the mental attitude of the subject would be a matter of much concern, but when from thirty to seventy days are employed in one series of observations, and especially when the observations are con«- tinued for many months, this effect rapidly wears awa}^, and probably does not influence the final results in an}^ appreciable manner. The young men were cautioned to avoid discussing among themselves any symptoms which they might notice, and urged not to dwell upon any indications of abnormal conditions which they might experience, but to keep their minds employed on their usual vocations and to avoid thinking, as much as possible, about the experiments which they were undergoing. In most cases this course of procedure had its desired effect, and from the general deportment of those upon whom the experiments were made it may be stated, with a considerable degree of confidence, that the mental state as a whole had very little influence, upon the course and progress of digestion. It is in this particular, namely, the mental attitude, that experiments conducted with artificial digestion and experiments conducted upon the lower animals have decided advantages. Yet it must be admitted that in the latter case the confinement to which the animals are sub- jected probably produces a mental attitude more prejudicial to normal physiological processes than that produced in the case of the man who understands fully the conditions which surround him. CLASSIFICATION AND INTERPBETATION OF THE DATA. The great difficulties of correctly studying the extensive data which these experiments have given and drawing therefrom the proper conclusions are fully realized. The utmost care must be exercised in these cases to remove all possible personal bias and to free oneself, in so far as possible, from the weight of authorities which have been consulted. Public opinion also must not be forgotten in this respect, especially when it is considered that it is almost universally believed BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 31 by the great majoritj^ of our people that added preservatives are always injurious and in many instances poisonous. But even when personal bias, weight of authority, and pu])lic opinion are eliminated from the problem it is still a most difficult one. So many elements enter into its stud}', so many conditions difficult to control, so many idios3'ncrasies are to be reckoned with, so man}^ external causes influen- cing health which are beyond control, that it is difficult in many cases to decide, where variations are noticed, as to the exact or even appar- ent cause which has produced them. The problem, therefore, has been attacked with a full knowledge of its difficulty and with the desire to be conservative and free from dogmatism. It would probablj^ be better if all the detailed data which have been secured could ))e printed in connection with this discussion, so that the critical reader might be able in every instance to refer to the original figures. Enormous space, however, would be occupied b}" the data, and the fact that in most cases they would be of little use in detail has led to the decision to publish only such detail as ma}^ be necessary to point out the way in which the general data have been obtained. If, as may appear further on, all points of the problem have not been elucidated, the failure has not arisen either from lack of desire or from want of industry in the conduct of the experiment. It is to be attrilnited, rather, to the limitations placed upon the observ- ers, either by lack of experience or by lack of knowledge, as to the best way in which to classify, digest, and stud^y the data at their dis- position. A serious attempt has been made to present these data in their full signiticance, and in no case has any tampering therewith been counseled, desired, or permitted. The unfortunate fact that many of the data arc contradictory must be accepted without question. As the judge and tlie jury, in the light of contradictory evidence, seek to decide which is the more trustworthy, so have the data herein con- tained been interpreted with a view, if possible, to giving the greater weight to those which deserve the greater credit. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE PRESERVATIVE. SCHEDUIiE OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE PRESERVATIVE. As has already been mentioned, different methods of administering the preservative were tried. At first it was thought advisable to administer the preservative in the food without indicating to the mem- bers of the table the particular article of food which contained it. Both borax and boric acid having but little taste, considerable quanti- ties thereof could be added to certain articles of food, imparting to them neither marked taste nor odor. The boric acid was, therefore, first administered in the butter, for two reasons^ — first, because it is very often used as a preservative of butter, and, second, because in the finely powdered state it could be intimately mixed with the butter in such a way as not to disclose its presence by any visible signs. The preservative was administered in butter during both the first and second series. It was not long, however, until the mem^bers of the table discovered that the butter contained the preservative, and though there was no decided effect upon the taste, a dislike of the but- ter was developed. During the third series the boric acid was dissolved in the milk, but before this series was finished the subjects discovered the fact, and a tendency to use less milk was observed. During the fourth series different methods of administration were practiced: Dur- ing one day it was given in the meat, but this proved to be exceed- ingly unsatisfactory. The next day it was given in capsules. It was then given for a short period in the coffee, with results similar to those which attended its administration in the butter and the milk. Finally the use of capsules for holding the preservative was adopted as being the most satisfactory way. There is, of course, objection to this method, since it does not distribute the preservative throughout the food, as would be the case when used for actual preserving pur- poses. The validit}^ of this objection, however, is more apparent than real, since, when properly given in capsules, the containing coats of which are quickly dissolved, the substance, by reason of the motion of the stomach during digestion, is quickly distributed throughout the mass of the food. In order to determine whether the capsules in which the preservative was administered delayed the absorption of the preservative, 10 cap- sules containing boric acid were placed in an artificial pepsin solution, made by dissolving 0.1 gram of granulated pepsin in 100 cc of 0.33 per cent hydrochloric acid. The solution was heated to a temperature 32 BOEIC ACID AND BOKAX. 33 of 40° C, the capsules introduced, and the contents of the beaker gently stirred. In one minute and ten seconds after the introduction of the capsules one of them broke, releasing the boric acid, which imme- diatel}' sank to the bottom of the beaker. At intervals of from live to ten seconds the remaining capsules broke, and within two minutes none was intact. At the end of tive minutes both the capsules and boric acid were entirel}^ dissolved. As before stated, the nitrogen content of the capsule was noted. In order to secure a uniform method of distributing the contents of the capsule throughout the contents of the stomach, it was directed that it be taken at about the middle of the meal, so as to be introduced as nearly as possible into the middle of the contents of the stomach. This method of administration proved by far the most satisfactory of all that were tried. There was no dislike developed for any particular item of food on the supposition that it might contain the preservative, the capsules were tasteless, and no discomfort of any kind was noticed by reason of the temporary concentration of the material in any par- ticular part of the contents of the stomach. In the following tal)le will be found a detailed statement of the administration of the preservative throughout the whole period of observation. The table will be found useful, not only as a summary of the amount of the preservative given and the quantities given on each day, but also for reference in case of a desire to study the effects produced upon any given subject at any given time in connection with the quantitv of the preservative emplo3"ed. When the preservative was used in quantities not to exceed half a gram per day it was usu- ally given in a single capsule at one meal — generally dinner. When it was given in quantities of 1 gram a day it was taken at two meals in i-gram capsules each. When given in quantities of 2 grams a day it was taken in ^-gram capsules at two meals and in two i-gram capsules at one meal. When taken in quantities of 3 grams it was given in two ^-gram capsules at each meal. When given in larger quantities, requiring more than 1 gram at one meal, more than two capsules were given. When administered in the liutter it was distrib- uted in a similar manner, according to the number of molded lumps of butter eaten by each member of the table. Each lump of butter of 15 grams was so mixed with the preservative as to contain half a gram or 1 gram, respectively, according to the quantities given. In the table which follows the amounts given at each meal are not specified, by reason of the undue extension of the tabular statement which would ))e necessary, but the total quantity given on each day is recorded. The distribution of the capsules during the various meals of the day will be sufficiently evident from the description which has already been given above of the times of administration. When any 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 3 34 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. variation in the amount given to any individual occurred it is noted by appropriate references in the table itself. Under the head "Special series" is a record of the amounts given to two of the original members of the table, who, by reason of illness other than that due to the administration of the preservative, were found unable to continue the regular course of experimental work. It was thought, however, that it would be of use to administer very small quantities of the preservative to these individuals throughout a long period of time in order to ascertain, if possible, by such an administration, any visible effect which this long-continued use of the preservative might produce. It is believed that the following data are sufficiently detailed to answer all purposes for reference and par- ticular study. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 35 55 i d s C5 No. 12. Grams. rH c^ c^-N Mcoooooo .-1 ?i CO Ti< u:; ira • 6 1 .-1 MMOOOOOOOO rMC-lCO-fCOO No. 10. Grams. rH CI'N'M'NCOCOCOCOTf-I" OOOOOO 5» ; No. 9. Grams. i-H OOOOOOOCJOO r^C^COTJ.COO d rH ■MnOOOOOOOO T-H'MCO'^iClO d S5 a: 1 T-H C-IC^lCJ^JCOCOP^CO^'Tti OOOOOO 'A g .-H ri «> CO CO CO 5 rtOO o d a rH T-I CO CO CO CO 5 ^.H.H^ ^^.H« CO d 5S g -^ ^» CO 1-- M rf g •=•-■- .H,H^.H d 2; !E i-i c» cc cc CO :c '^'-'-" d 1 ^.H^^ S . 1% o c c e "C c c c c c c c c c c c c c e •- c c o c i V r i 5 :| 1 c c ! '5 • i: : i y ■c CO ! 5 - ic >'fl 'it >tf if • « )S c 1 o a. 5 B "E r- 'J a ? ? - ^ CO ccsa s a a u o o=*S B 0) MM 'I •95=0 3 ^E-d g si =; i2 tn O •2 1- s s e^.ci j; Ij m ti 3.„t3 — ' "' s ^. c o _, S — -i u "l c ? '■''- a cr„- ^ o JO .a 3 .2^ o. a i> --I S><.£-ggS.2d 36 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. OOOOO.MrHi-Hi OOOOO iH iH 1-1 T-l i-H r-H , ^i-HrHi-HT-HiMrHi-HTHC^-M'MC^CC rHiHi-HT-lT-HWT-lT-H^'MCIC^IC^C T-trHT-H^HrHi-lT-Hr-lT-CMC^IC^C^CO SOOi-HMCOCOCO: iTji-f^t^oicoooc^cc ;-*-*ip >. ■ c to ; OOOJCJI-I OOgOrH^5^o3-^lOOI>OOOiOrH o ■03 -ri/; •£ r- a; ; . o — M -r ift •O be ^S ■ tt £.= : MS &.<=-:= i , •- _ 4< 1<^« O s s i - ~ OS ><;« 38 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. EXCRETION OF THE BORIC ACID AND BORAX. Whether the preservative be given in the form of boric acid or borax appears to have little effect upon the percentage thereof appear- ing in the urine. In Tables III to VIII are found a detailed state- ment of the quantity of the preservative daily given in the food, in terms of boric acid, and the amount recovered in the urine, together with a statement of the total amount taken during the series, and the percentage of the total exhibited amount recovered in the urine. In Series I (Table III) it is seen that of 25 grams of boric acid taken by No. 1, 86.96 per cent is recovered in the urine. In the case where 1 gram is given, the first day 604.9 milligrams are recovered; on the second day, when the same amount is given, 8T1.3 milligrams are recovered; on the third day, when still the same amount is given, 902.8 milligrams are recovered; on the fourth day, when the maximum amount is recovered during the exhibition of 1 gram, 938. T milligrams are recovered. It is apparent that there is a continued accumulation of boric acid in the system up to about the fourth day, when the quantities recovered in the urine remain almost constant. On the cessation of the administration of the boric acid the quantity in the urine rapidl}^ falls. At the end of about the third or fourth day there- after there are no longer any measurable quantities found, but traces of the preservative remain in the uri ne for about eight days. It may be said, then, without expressing the fact accurately for every case, that in about eight days after the cessation of the giving of large quanti- ties of boric acid all traces of it are removed from the urine and pre- sumably from the system. It will not be necessary to go over the data for each of the members of the table separatel3^ They practically illustrate the principle which is outlined by the detailed data of No. 1. The largest percentage of the total exhibited amount recovered in the urine is found in the case of No. 2, namely, 88.51, and the smallest in the case of No. 5, 77.86. The average quantity excreted in the urine for the whole number under observation during the whole of the first series is 83.05 per cent. In Table IV are given the details of the exhibition of the preserva- tive in Series II, with the quantities recovered. As has already been intimated, there are very serious irregularities in this table due to illness. Especially are the data for Nos! 8, 9, and 11 extremely unsat- isfactory. In the case of No. 9 only 3 grams are given, excluding the quantity administered in the supplementary period, and in the case of No. 11 only 8 grams. Nos. 7 and 10 are the only members of the class who receive the full amount. The percentage eliminated in the urine of No. 7 is 81.82, and of No. 10, 82.13. The average amount elimi- nated in the urine for the whole class is 82. 85 per cent. The data for Series III are given in Table V. The data for this series are also incomplete, and especially do they vary from the other BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 39 two tables in the quantities which are recovered in the urine, being remarkabh' low in the case of all the members of the class of Series III. No satisfactory explanation of this variation can be given. Had it occurred in only one instance it might have been attributable to a failure to collect the whole of the urine or to some anahtical error, but, being uniformly low, these explanations are not tenable. Of the total quantit}' of boric acid given to all the members of the class, namely, 132.9 grams, 84.9 grams are recovered in the urine, a per- centage of 63.88. The data for Series IV are given in Table VI. We have here a return to the percentage occurring in the urine shown in Series I and II. The highest amount recovered is in the case of No. 11, namely, 89.7-1. and the lowest in the case of No. 8, 78.68. During this series 99.5 grams of boric acid in the form of borax is given in the food, of which 82.55 grams are recovered in the urine, or 82.96 per cent. The quantities of boric acid recovered in the individual cases in Series V vary greatl3^ (See Table VII.) As has been already explained, only i-gram quantities are given during this series of observations, but the exhibition of this quantit}^ is extended over a period of fifty days, so that in normal cases 25 grams of boric acid are administered during this period to each of the subjects. In point of fact, however, in only two instances is this full amount taken, while in a third instance within, half a gram of that amount is taken. The largest percentage recovered in any one instance is in the case of No. 4, namel}^, 84.42 per cent. No. 4, however, completed only about half of the period. The small- est quantit}' excreted is found in the case of No. 3, namel}', 68.44 per cent. Of the 127 grams of boric acid administered during the whole series 95.47 are recovered in the urine, or 75.17 per cent. Sunnnarizing the quantity of boric acid given during the whole period of observation, including the five series (Table VIII), we find that it amounts to 607.4 grams. Of this quantity 468.69 grams are recovered in the urine, or, expressed in percentage, 77.16. In con- nection with this determination attention should be called to the fact that the quantitative determination of boric acid in a liquid like urine is attended with considerable difiiculties, unless such a length of time be devoted to it as would render the execution of a large quantity of work impracticable under existing conditions. The methods eniplo3^ed arc fully described in the part of this bulletin devoted to the methods of analysis, and it is believed that the data ol)tainod, while not rigidly exa(;t, are satisfactory for the explanation of the m(>tabolic processes. The data show that the great burden of excreting the l)oric acid from the body falls upon the kidneys. In order to d(!termine whethcsr boric acid was lost to any extent l)y perspiration, one of the assistants in the laboratory carefully extracted with water a set of flannels worn for one hour during a game of ten- 40 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. nis on a hot day. Before the game he had carefully bathed and put on a clean suit of flannels. As a result no boric acid could be detected. Two further trials were made for a longer period of time. The men undertaking them bathed, put on clean suits of flannels, and wore them for a period of twenty-four hours. During this time they played tennis for several hours, and rode their bicycles for about an hour. The temperature was quite high and prespiration was profuse. The water used in bathing and in extracting the flannels was mixed, evap- orated to dryness, and tested for boric acid. A very strong reaction for boric acid was obtained, but the amount present was n6t sufficient to permit its quantitative determination with certainty. In each case 3 grams of boric acid were administered at. the begin- ning of the experiment. It would appear that in the first experiment the time allowed was not sufficient for the elimination of a sufficient amount of boric acid to give a test. In the case of the second and third, where a positive result was obtained, it can not be expected that the result was as high as would have been the case if the subject had been receiving the preservative for a number of days. As is stated above, about eight days are required for the complete elimination of the boric acid, and the amount eliminated in the first twenty-four hours amounts only to from 30 to 60 per cent of the amount administered. Owing to the small amount of preservative emploj^ed, the large amount of water necessary to secure it, and the inevitable inaccuracies due to the incomplete extraction, the amount of boric acid indicated b}" such an experiment must be incomplete. Probably the greater part of the 23 per cent of the boric acid not accounted for in the urine escapes through the pores of the skin. Attempts were also made to determine whether any of the boric acid assumed a volatile state in the system and escaped in the respiration. The well-known tendency of boric acid to pass off in certain cases in boiling water led to the supposition that it might be reduced in the system to a form in which it would be volatilized in the respiration. One of the members of the table, who had been taking 3 grams of borax a day for four days, breathed as continuously as practicable for three hours through a solution of limewater. The limewater was then tested for boric acid with a negative result. Confirmatory tests were made with the same result. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 41 T.\BLE III. — Boric aci d ingested and recovered in urine during Series I. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. Date. 0) 1" 6 o O as o as < a! o > 1" o o s Q o > Dec. 22, 19021.. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30". 31 Jan. 1,1903... Gins. 2 2 9 2 3 3 3 Gms. 0.6049 .8713 .9028 .9387 .9213 1. 1321 1.6039 1. 7514 1. 7821 1.9821 2.2837 9 4016 Gms. 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Gms. 0. 5582 . 8642 .9341 . 9357 . 9412 1.2411 1.6245 1.7489 1.8018 2. 0011 2. 2440 2. 4579 2.4214 1.6422 .5154 .1176 .0790 Tr. Tr. Tr. Gms. 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 « 7 2 2.5 Gms. 0. 5702 . 8029 .9057 .8743 .8881 1.2167 1.2976 1.7451 1. 4763 1.7516 3. 9124 3. 3233 2. 9002 .9323 .3702 .0589 .0771 Tr. Tr. Gms. 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 2.5 Gms. 0. 6184 .8650 .9132 . 9278 .9311 1.2289 1. 3746 1.6131 1.5028 1.8879 1.3125 1.4341 1.5816 1.2104 .2253 .1114 Tr. Tr. Tr. Tr. Gms. 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Gms. 0. 5513 .7932 . 8444 .8873 .8901 1.4013 1. 6081 1.5941 1. 6054 1. 8547 2. 1077 2. 2139 2. 3393 ].. 5.562 .2271 Tr. Tr. Tr. Gms. 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Gms. 0.5029 .7882 .8517 .8799 .9009 1. 4098 1.5878 1.6047 1. 6457 1.8019 1.9529 2 ''012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 2.5356 1 1.0683' 1 .8545 .1061 Tr. Tr. Tr. Tr. 2. 1075 1.6960 .3157 .0869 .0718 Tr. Total... 25 21.7404 : 25 22. 1283 27.5 23.1029 22.5 17. 7381 25 19. 4641 25 20. 4055 Per cent recov- ered 86.96 88.51 84 02 78 82 77.86 81 62 « About 4 gram.s given .subject outside of Department. Table I V^. — Boric acid ingested and recovered in urine during Series I J. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. Date. Q 2-d is < i o . d >- S '^ < i i . is o Q c ^ 3 a; II O Q i . is < a; s p 0} . *j 0) is < 1903. Jan. 28 29 30 3! Feb. 1 2 Gms. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 Gms. 0.49 .71 .57 .80 1.18 1.88 Gms. 1 1 1 1 2 2 Gms. "0. 50 .76 .61 . 55 1.66 1 a5 .60 ".30 ".12 Gms. 1 1 1 ''0 Absent ...do.. Gms. «0.50 .66 .51 «.25 Gms. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 Ab.sent ...do.. Gms. 0.00 .74 .65 .64 .86 1.25 1.68 1.47 2.06 2.29 2.41 2. 72 2.93 3.03 al.60 0.80 «.35 a. 20 Gms. 1 1 1 1 2 2 Absent ...do.. do Gms. 0.31 .72 .72 .83 1.22 1.52 «.80 O.40 ". 20 Gms. 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 5 Gms. 0.47 .74 .68 .60 1.08 1 69 3 1.71 1.95 Absent ...do.. 1.58 1 41 4 ...do.. 5 6 2.04 2. 51 3.29 1.85 2. 46 2.99 1.06 .47 .22 Tr. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. 2.09 1 64 7 ...do.. ...do.. do 1 63 8 ...do.. ...do.. do 1 48 9 ...do.. ...do.. do 3't 10 ...do.. ...do.. do •^5 n ...do.. ...do.. do Tr 12 ...do.. ...do.. do 13 ...do.. ...do.. do 14 ...do ...do .. ...do.. .do 15 ...do.. ...do .. ...do.. do cl6 2 3 4 5 5 .57 1.10 1.75 3.00 2.60 Absent 1 2 3 4 3.33 .41 1.11 1.73 1.25 Absent 1 2 3 4 3.33 .69 2.14 1.83 2.63 3.14 43 17 1 45 18 1 73 19 3.38 3 42 20 21 1. Ab Total.. 32 26.18 8 0.45 3 1.92 32 26. 28 8 6.73 15 13.63 I'er cent re- cfjverod . . . 81.82 80.63 64 00 82.13 84.13 90.87 . . ,_ aDftcrminatlotiM not made on account of lack of Hanii>le, but the probable amount of boric acid voided luLM been added in order not to interrupt the contitniiiy of the dutit. fcOrieKrani ({iveri hut not included because urine was not sampled, eFigurcM for the supplementary period (Feb. 1(;-21) are not includid in the toliil. 42 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table V. — Boric acid ingested and recovered in urine during Series III. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. Date. i o £ • ° i. g ft £ ■ a H rt CD as < 6 o ft as s ft a ^ as 6 o ft as o ft as 1903. Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gms. 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 3 2 3 2 Gms. 0.06 .33 .74 .73 1.78 2.60 1.72 1.05 1.54 2.00 1.70 1.59 .60 .26 Tr. Gvis. 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 Gms. 0.08 .26 .64 .66 1.80 1.52 .50 .05 .09 Tr. Gms. 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 3 8 2 3 Gms. 0.12 .44 .71 .53 2.24 2.06 1.64 1.25 2.07 2.06 1.47 1.69 .64 .22 Tr. Tr. Gms. 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 • 2 3 1.7 3 2 Gms. 0.16 .18 .32 .98 1.84 2.44 1.36 1.27 1.93 1.69 1.80 1.62 .60 .20 Tr. Tr. Gms. 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 3 3 2.2 3 Gms. 0.13 .24 .69 .74 2.56 2.66 1.24 .89 2.04 2.25 1.95 1.74 .53 .14 Tr. Gyns. 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 Gms. 0.20 .14 Tr. .38 1.10 1.79 2.33 2.29 2.03 .78 .23 Tr. Tr. Total.... 26 16.70 11 5.60 27 17.14 25.7 16.39 27.2 17.80 16 11.27 Per cent recov- ered 64.24 50.91 63.48 63.78 65.44 70.25 Table YI. — Borax ingested, and recovered in urine during Series IV. [Expressed in terms of boric acid.] No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. Date. o ft i eg S O 1" ft £ • o > 1° i o ft I3 a; o ft Amount re- covered. i . 3 to o > 1° o o ft i 3 PI o 1903. Mar. 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 Gms. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 1.0 Absent ...do.. Gms. 0.17 .33 .62 .58 .58 a. 30 a. 10 Gms. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 2 2 2 2 3 Gms. 0.14 .31 .33 .36 .64 .71 .83 .76 .64 .74 .71 .84 .80 1.21 1.78 1.61 1.29 1.81 1.18 .32 .24 .06 Tr. G^is. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 2 2 2 2 3 Gms. 0.16 .34 .46 .44 .70 .79 .91 .85 .76 .84 .87 .79 .91 1.17 1.58 1.80 1.64 2.22 1.57 .42 .21 .08 Tr. Gms. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 2 2 2 2 3 Gms. 0.27 .29 .38 .35 .56 .53 .97 .74 .80 .80 .92 .74 .80 1.14 1.62 1.75 1.67 1.61 .65 .36 .34 .08 Tr. Gms. 0.5 .5 Absent . . .do . . Gms. 0.20 .43 .32 .08 Gms. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Absent ...do.. Gms. 0.16 .32 .58 «.30 a. 12 3 ...do.. 4 ...do.- 0.5 2 2 3 .41 ..57 .74 .84 .86 .91 .96 .92 1.23 1.71 2.14 .98 .27 .28 .06 Tr. . do 5 ...do-. ...do.. 6 ...do.. 2 2 3 57 7 ...do.. .76 8 ...do.. .84 9. ...do.. 90 10 ...do.. .94 11 ...do.. .72 12. do.. 1 36 13 ...do.. 1.70 14 ...do.. 2.32 15. ...do .64 16 ...do.. .24 17 ...do.. .23 18. ...do. .07 19 ...do.. Tr. 20 ...do.. Total.... 3 2.68 22 17.31 22 19.51 22 17.37 15.5 13.91 15 12.77 Per cent recov- ered 89.33 78.68 88.69 78.96 89.74 85.15 a Determinations not made on account of lack of sample, but the probable amount of boric acid voided has been added in order not to interrupt the continuity of the data. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 43 Table YII. — Boric acid and borax ingested and recovered in urine during Series V. [Expressed in terms of boric acid.] X 9.1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No .5. No. 6. i . i . ^■6 ^-d ^d ""6 '-•o ^-6 Date. 3 O c2 p a> a !- 3 a> 3 0) g 0) c2i 3 ? qj O > o> ofc o o ^ o > CJ O fe o as as -o as o ScS d as o as Q < o < Q -< « < « ■< Q < 1903. Gms. Gms. Gms. Gms. Gms. Gms. Gms. Gms. GTO.S. Gms. Gms. Gms. Mav 2 0.5 0.38 0.5 0.40 0.5 0.31 0.5 0.35 0.5 0.20 0.5 0.29 3 . .58 .5 .44 .5 .30 .6 .40 .5 .31 .5 .40 4 .5 .35 .5 .31 .5 Lost. .5 .40 .5 .34 .5 .38 5 .5 .33 .5 .29 .5 .22 .5 .36 .5 .29 .5 .35 6 .0 .40 .5 .45 .5 .44 .5 .35 .5 .47 .0 .43 7 .5 .25 .5 .27 .5 .29 .5 .42 .5 .31 .5 .34 8 5 .34 .5 .38 .5 .30 .5 .33 .5 .41 .12 9 .5 .31 .5 .47 .5 .29 .5 .51 .5 .38 Tr. 10 .5 .28 .5 .26 .5 .44 .5 .46 .5 .38 .5 .22 11 .5 .34 .5 .49 .5 .33 .5 .44 .5 .35 .0 .48 12 .5 .38 .5 .41 .5 .33 .5 .48 .5 .38 .0 .40 13 .5 .43 .5 .37 .6 .29 .5 .49 .5 .43 .5 .52 14 .5 .43 .5 .54 .5 .37 .0 .46 .5 .44 .0 .40 15 .5 .39 .5 .30 .5 .34 .5 .34 .5 .42 .5 .34 16 .5 .39 .5 .39 .5 .35 .5 .40 .5 .44 .5 .48 17 .5 .33 .5 .27 .0 .34 .5 .33 .5 .38 .5 .42 18 .5 .34 .5 .35 .5 .32 .5 .44 .5 .33 .5 .43 19 .0 .37 .5 .32 .5 .34 .5 .42 .6 .38 .5 .47 20 .5 .29 .5 .31 .5 .23 .5 .39 .5 .39 .5 .38 21 .a .34 .5 .31 .5 .35 .5 .39 .5 .39 .5 .39 22 .5 .32 .5 .32 .5 .33 .5 .39 .5 .35 .5 .44 23 .5 .32 .5 .30 .6 .33 .6 .40 .5 .45 .5 .41 24 .5 .32 .5 .28 .5 .33 .5 .44 .5 .37 .5 .48 25 .5 .32 .5 .29 .5 .30 .5 .42 .0 .39 .5 .38 26 .5 .32 .5 .33 .5 .34 Absent a. 22 .0 .43 .5 .40 27 .5 .38 .5 .41 .5 .32 ...do.. «.10 .06 .5 .46 28 .ft .35 .5 .29 .5 .41 ...do.. .0 .26 .5 .41 29 .0 .35 .5 .28 .5 .29 ...do.. .5 .34 .5 .47 30 .ft .39 .5 .37 .5 .34 ...do.. .5 .46 .5 .50 31 .5 .36 .5 .31 .5 .39 ...do.. ..•J .43 .5 .35 June 1 .5 .34 .5 .35 .0 .36 ...do.. . D .45 .5 .38 2 .5 .41 .5 .35 . a .33 ...do.. .:) .38 .5 .34 3 .ft .32 .ft .31 .0 .30 ...do.. .r> .33 .5 .32 4 .ft .29 .5 .33 .5 .37 ...do.. . .•> .40 .5 .41 5 .ft .34 .5 .37 .5 .27 ...do.. . ■"> .38 .5 .23 .6 .42 .5 .37 .5 .40 ...do.. .0 .42 .5 .41 / .ft .36 .5 .40 .5 .37 ...do.. .0 .39 .5 .32 S .5 .42 .ft .39 .5 .39 ...do.. . n .53 .5 .32 9 .ft .32 .5 .40 .5 .28 ...do.. .5 .33 .5 .34 10 .5 .36 .5 .37 .5 . .36 ...do.. .5 .50 .5 .49 11 .5 .36 .5 .38 .5 .39 ...do.. .5 .40 .5 .43 12 .ft .45 .13 .5 .40 ...do.. .5 .43 .5 .44 13 .5 .33 Tr. .5 .49 ...do.. .5 .35 .19 14 .ft .31 .5 .39 ...do.. .5 .31 Tr. 1.1 .5 .37 .5 .46 ...do.. .5 .34 Tr. 16 .5 .46 .5 .36 ...do.. .5 .33 17 .5 .36 .5 .27 ...do.. .5 .38 18 .5 .34 .5 .31 ...do.. .5 .37 19 .ft .35 .5 .32 ..do.. .5 .30 20 .5 .38 .5 .27 .. do.. .5 .42 21 .11 .09 ...do.. .20 22 Tr. Tr. ...do.. Tr. 23 Tr. Tr. ...do.. Tr. 24 ...do.. Total.... 25 18.11 20.5 14.56 25 17.11 12 10.13 24.5 18.90 20 16.66 I'er cent re- 72.44 71.03 68.44 84.42 77.14 83.30 " Delerrn illations not made on account of lack of .sample, but the probable amount of boric acid 'lided litt-s been added in order not to Interrupt the continuity of the data. 44 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table VIII. — Boric acid and borax ingested and recovered in the urine during Series I-V, inclusive. [Expressed in terms of boric acid.] Data. Series I. Series II. Series III. Series IV. Series V. Total. Grams. 150. 00 124. 58 Gi-ams. 98.00 81.19 Gi-ams. 132. 90 84.90 Grams. 99.50 82.65 Grams. \ Grams. 127.00 1 607.40 95 47 1 468 69 Per cent recovered 83.05 82.85 63.88 82.96 75. 17 77.16 MEDICAL HISTORY. It is important in the study of the problems under discussion to secure, as nearly as possible, the complete medical history of each of the individual subjects. This was not officially arranged for, how- ever, at the very beginning of the work, and the medical history of each case for some time was secured without the supervision of the representative of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service who afterwards took charge of this part of the work. PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS. The results of the physical and medical examination of each of the members of the class, made just before the beginning of the fore period of Series I, are summarized in Table IX, the examination being con- ducted by Dr. Edwin B. Beb rends, with th6 collaboration of Dr. Andrew Stewart, to whom thanks are due for the valuable and volun- tary services rendered. A summary of all the analyses of urine is given in Table X. Table IX. -Preliminary pTiysiccd examination of tivelve men, each designated by number and initials. FIRST SET OP MEN. Observation. Age Height Weight (kilograms) Family history Chest (inches): Stripped Full inspiration Full expiration Girth of abdomen Figure Has had: Severe headaches Other nervous trouble Body eruptions Subject to: Coughs Expectorations Palpitations Difficult breathing Heart Pulse (per minute): Sitting Standing No. 1— J. N. 29 5 feet lOi inches 71.62 Good 35i 38 34 32 Good Yes No None No No No No Normal 64 No. 2— P. C. W. 24 5 feet ICi inches 71.89 In immediate family, good; consumption on mother's side. 35 37i 33i 30 Good No No None No No No No Normal sounds, but somewhat rapid. 88 92 No.3— W.S.O. .21. 5 feet b\ inches. 55.05. Good. 32. 34i. 30. 28. Good. Yes. No. Tenia versicola. No. No. No. No. Normal, but rapid. 100. 104. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 45 Table IX. — Preliminary physical examination of twelve men, each designated by number and initials — Continued. FIRST SET OF MEN— Continued. Observation. No. 3— W. S. O. Character of pulse Lungs Resi>irations (per minute) . Temperature. under tongue (Fahrenheit). Disease of: Stomach Intestines Urinary organs Exercise Remarks Good Good, but .somewhat j weak. Normal Normal IS 18 98.2<= 98° No symptoms Nosymptoms( see below ) See urinalysis Moderate now, but foot- ball and baseball in summer. Contracted severe and protracted bowel trouble (diarrhea) in Volunteer Army dur- ing Spanish-American War. Of latehasbeen feeling well. No symptoms. No symptoms. See urinalysis Moderate .' Normal, but rapid. Normal. 24. 99.2°. No symptoms. No symptoms. See urinalysis. Moderate. Has had very severe at- tack of erysipelas, complicated w i I h gangrene, leaving a very extensive .scar on the chest, still red and threatening to break down. Observation. No. 4— W. L. D. No. 5— R. V. F. Age Height Weight (kilograms) Family history Chest (inches): Stripped Full inspiration Full expiration (iirth of abdomen Figure Has had: Severe headaches Other nervous trouble. Body eruptions Subject to: Coughs Expectorations Palpitations Difficult breathing Heart Pulse (per minute): Sitting Standing Character of pulse i Lungs Resyjirations (per minute). Tern perature, under tongue (Fahrenheit). ; Di.nease of: Stomach Intestines I'rinary organs Kxercise 2b I 21 5 feet 8i inches . i 5 feet 6| inches . 57.57 ! 52.63 Good Good 32i. 34.. 31.. 36.. Poor Athletic , No... No.... None No No No No Normal . 72 84 Good ... Normal . No.... No.... None . No No No No Normal . 16.... 98.2° . No symptoms.. No symptoms. . See urinalysis . Moderate Remarks 92 Good Dullnessin upperpartof right lung, with sharp expiration. 20 99° No symptoms No symptoms See urinalysis Gymna.siuin three times a week. Has a cold with slight cough. No. 6— L. M.S. 19. 5 feet 7 j inches. 61.60. Asthmatic. 34i. 37i. 33. 27i. Good. Yes. No. None. No. No. Yes. Subject to asthma. Rapid, but normal. 84. 92. Rapid, but good. Normal. 24. 100°. No symptoms. No symptoms. See urinalysis. None. Has simple goitre; has smoked to excess and been feeling badly for a day. 46 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table IX. — Preliminary physical examination of twelve men, each designated by number and initials — Continued. SECOND SET OF MEN. Observation. No.7— E. R.M. No. 8— J. H. E. No. 9— E. B. D. Height Weight (kilograms) Family history Cliest (inches): Stripped Full inspiration Full expiration Girth of abdomen Figure Has had: Severe headaches Other nervous trouble Body eruptions Subject to: Coughs Expectorations Palpitations Difficult breathing . . . Heart Pulse (per minute): Sitting Standing Character of pulse Lungs Respirations (per minute). Temperature, under tongue (Fahrenheit). Disease of: Stomach Intestines Urinary organs Exercise Remarks 23 5 feet 7 inches . 61.73 Good 5 feet lOf inches . 69.55 Good 32.... 35.... 31.... 27.... Good No... No, except from tobacco None 34i 37 33 28 Excellent No... No... None No No No No Rapid, but normal . No No No Na Normal. 80 92 72 Slightly irregular Good . . . Normal Normal . Occasional indigestion . None See urinalysis Moderate now; summer sports. Hassmoked and chewed to excess. 20.... 98.4° . No symptoms No symptoms See urinalysis Moderate now; in sum- mer, athletics. Has rised tobacco f reel v. 18. 5 feet 5i inches. 56.36. Good. 31i. 32i. 29i. 27. Not robust. Yes. No. None. No. No. No. No. Normal. 76. Good. In upper posterior por- tion of both lungs, small, fine rales. 20. 98.2°. No symptoms. No symptoms. See urinalysis. Freelv; belongs to D. C. N. G. Has slight lateral sco- liosis. Observation. Age Height Weight (kilograms) Family history Chest (inches): Stripped Full inspiration Full expiration Girth of abdomen Figure Has had: Severe headaches Other nervous trouble. Body eruptions Subject to: Coughs Expectorations Palpitations Difficult breathing Heart Pulse (per minute): Sitting Standing .• . . . Character of pulse Lungs Respirations (per minute) . Temperature, imder tongue (Fahrenheit). Disease of: ■ Stomach Intestines Urinary organs Exercise No. 10— W.J.J. 22 5 feet 11 inches . 65.45 Good 34.... 37.... 33.... 30i... Good No.... No.... None . No No No No Normal, but rapid. 96 108 Normal, but rapid. Normal 99.4° . Remarks No symptoms No sjonptoms See urinalysis Moderate; summer, base- ball, etc. Has used tobacco to ex- cess up to last month or so. No. 11— J. S. C. 24 5 feet 8 inches . 69.09 Good 35i... 38.... 33i... 30.... Good No..., No... None No No No No Normal . 76 88 Good ... Normal . 20 No symptoms No symptoms See urinalysis Walks a good deal and plays ball frequently in summer. No. 12— B. J. T. 28. 5 feet 9 inches. 67.28. 37. 33. 30. Good. No. No. None. No. No. No. No. Normal. 92. Good. Normal. 98.2°. No symptoms. No symptoms. See urinalysis. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 47 Table X. — Urinnlysiiifor ,s/.t; men, made by Dr. Andrew Stexvart December 14, 1902. Observation. No. 1— J. N. No. 2— F. C. W. No. 3— W. S. 0. Acid Acid. 1.0347.." 1.031 None 1. 026. None. Bile None None. Microscop ic exam in a t io ii . Inorganic sediment: None None None. tals. Amorphous and crys- talline calcium, ex- tremely numerous. None. Organic sediment: Epithelial cells- Very few Very few Very few Very few. None. Few Very few Very few. Red blood corpuscles.. Casts— None. None. Finely jfranular . . . Coarselv granular. Epithelial None None. None None. Few; strands, numerous Few Few. Observation. No. 4— W. L. D. No. 5— R. V. F. No. 6— L. M. S. Reaction Specific gravity a . Albumin Sugar Bile Microscopic examination. Inorganic .sediment: Uric-acid crystals I'rates Oxalate-of-lime crys- tals. Phosphates Strongly acid. 1.02.=i A trace None None None. None . Few . . Acid , 1.020 Very small quantity None None Organic sediment: Epithelial cells — Round Flat Caudate Leucocytes Red blood corpuscles. Casts — Hyaline Finely granular.. CoarM-ly granular , Epithelial f)ther fonns , Mucous cylindroids . . , Jicinarks A morphousand crystal- line calcium, numer- ous. None . None . None . None . Acid. 1. 032. Small quantity. None. None. None. None. Very few. Few . . Few . . None . Few . . None . Numerous Very few Very few None , None Fairly niuneroua Very few , Very few . None Few Few Few Few None Very few Pus, few; blood, few Few CorrectionB made In each case aa follows: No. 1, for 63° F.; No. 2, a2° F. >o. 6, 6<5°F.; No. 0, 91° F. None. Very few. Very few. None. Few. None. None. None. None. None. None. With strands, numerous. This urine was of a red color, containing an e.\cess of urates. No. 3,84° F.; No.4, 780F.: very 48 IXFLUENOE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES OX HEALTH. The advisability of a constant medical supervision of the subjects of the experiment resulted, as has already been stated, in the detail hy authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the request of the Sec- retary of Agriculture, of Dr. H. D. Gedding-s. from the Public Health and [Marine-Hospital Service, by Surg-eon-General W^-man, in charge of that service. An inspection of the physical condition of each one of the subjects was made once a week l\v Doctor Geddings. and. in case of illness, special examinations were conducted on intermediate dates. The data obtained by Doctor Geddings have been by him con- solidated and reduced to a short medical history of each of the subjects while under his supervision. These data are as follows: :\'(i. l—J. X, offeJB. Pi-eliminary observations: Heart — Sounds normal: rate very slow. Lun gs — Normal . Previous indisposition — Indigestion and diarrhea during Spanish- American war. Periodical observations: Feb. 26. Xo deviation from normal. Mar. 6. Some diarrhea in two different days: otherwise feels well. 12. Slight headache for past two days: appetite impaired for past twentv- four hours; no diarrhea. 19. Has regained normal condition. Apr. 2. Has had an excess of diarrheal trouble in past three or four days; sug- gested taking of bismuth tablet Xo. 1. 9. Has improveil; diarrhea relieved. 23. Diarrhea has given no trouble; is in his normal condition. 30. Is feeling well. May 7. Is feeling well; normal. 15. Is feeling very Avell. Xo. ^^—F. C. W., age 34. Preliminary observations: Heart — Normal. Lungs — Normal. Previous indisposition — Erysipelas; recent cicatrices on chest. Periodical observations: Feb. 26. No deviation from normal. Mar. 6. Symptoms are those of a mild attack of grippe; better than yesterday. 12. Normal. 19. Better; has r^:ained normal condition. Apr. 2. Continues doing well. 9. Normal. 23. Seems in thoroughly normal condition. 30. Is feeling all right. May 7. Feeling well. 15. Feeling well. So. S — TT: S ';•.. aae£l. Preliminary observations: Heart— Normal; apex beat slightly displaced outward; forcible. Lungs — ^Normal. Phvsical condition — ^Robust. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 49 Periodical observations: Feb. 26. Has pains in .stomacb after mealf^; n:;lioved in about fifteen minutes. Mar. 6. Feeling well. 12. Feeling well. 19. Has tendency to beadache. Apr. 2.3. Ih feeling in tboroughly normal <;ondition. 30. Is feeling well. May 7. Is feeling very well. 15. Is feeling well. No. 5 — Ji. V. /''., 'i(je2Ln of vocal resonance over left lung; some mucous rales. Previous indisposition — Febrile attack January 24 to February IH. Periodical observations: Feb. 26. Improving; cough is getting better. Mar. fi. Improving. 12. Physical condition is improved; bronchitis has disappeared; auscul- tation and percussion normal; headache absent for past four days; bowels are normal. 19. Improving; gaining weight; cough Ijetter. Apr. 2. Had febrile attack (10.3° F. ) twelve days ago; no recurrence since; has troublesome cough; throat sore. 4. Examined throat to-day; general catarrhal laryngitis with pharyngeal involvement; prescriVjed gargle. 9. Throat has improved; cough is better; has slightly lost weight; appe- tite is poor. 23. No improvement; recommended that he be droj^fjed from experi- mental observation. No. 6—L. M. S., ii/jn 19. Prelindnary observations: Heart — Normal; apex beat forcible anservation before diimer, the numl)er of pulsations has fallen to 64 and the recorded temperature at the same time is 97.9° F. This cor)dition seems to be only temporary, however, and not traceable to ariv effect of the preservative, since on the following day the tempei'- atur(!s aie again about normal, namely, 98.3° and 98.1° F., and the pulsations 80 and 84. No other alinormalities are observed during the [)reservati\'e period. During the after period the observed vital data remain practically constant. Th(!re is a slight de|)r(;ssion of th(; pulsation on the 6th of January to 67 bcurrence of f(;brile symptoms, the rcgistci-cd tenjperatures ])eing 98.2^ and 98.5° F. There is no marked d(!I)arture from the normal in the temperature and the rate of pulsation during the I'cmairidcr of th(! after period. Sekiics II. No. 7—K H. M. Observations made on the third day of the fore period, January 21, show recordel temp(!ratures for No. 7 of 98° and 98.4° F., and the pulsations 78 and 81 pei" minute, respectively, !>efore and after dinner. 58 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. There are no abnormal symptoms of any kind exhibited at the begin- ning of the fore period. On January 26 the feces are voided twice, namely, at 11 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. The second movement is described as somewhat soft. There are no further variations from normal con- ditions observed or recorded during the fore period. On the first da}^ of the preservative period the recorded tempera- tures are 9SA° and 99° F. and the pulsations 76 and 80, respectivel}^, before and after dinner. On this day there are also two movements of the bowels, and the feces in both instances are recorded as very soft. On the 29th the feces were voided three times, namelj^, at 8.45 a. m., 5 p. m., and 7.30 p. m. The first and second movements are described as soft, and the third as very soft, indicating incipient diar- rhea. There is no febrile disturbance, however, and no further departure from normal. The diarrheal s3^mptoms vanish on the fol- lowing day. On February 1, the first day of the second subperiod of the preservative period, a slight headache is noted, and recurrence of the diarrheal S3auptoms — the second movement of the bowels being described as semiliquid. The diarrheal symptoms disappear on the following day, but a light headache continues. On February 3 the feces are voided twice, and the second movement is described as very soft; the headache continues. The symptoms of diarrhea and head- ache disappear on the following day, the last of the second subperiod. On the 7th, near the end of the third subperiod, there is a very severe headache in the morning, becoming lighter in the afternoon, but no further departure from normal conditions. A distinct febrile move- ment is indicated on the 10th, on which day 4 grams of boric acid are administered, the recorded temperatures being 98.5° and 98.7° F., and the pulsations 80 and 86. The loss of appetite becomes so pro- nounced that no breakfast can be eaten on the 10th, there is a severe headache in the morning, becoming lighter in the afternoon, and the subject discloses marked symptoms of indigestion and ill health. On the 11th, although no boric acid is given, the headache per- sists during the whole day. There is, however, no further tendency toward diarrhea, although some slight febrile tendencies are mani- fest. The patient is in a condition unfit for further observations. It is quite probable that the loss of appetite, with its attendant symptoms and the headache, is due to the action of the preservative. It is, however, not evident that the slight diarrhea manifest at times is due to this cause, since it disappears during the latter part of the observa- tion period, although the amounts of boric acid are increased. No. 8— J. H. E. The recorded temperatures for No. 8 on the 21st of January, near the beginning of the fore period, are 98.1° and 98.7° F. and the pul- sations 88 and 89, respectively, before and after dinner. The feces BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 59 are marked as soft. There are no variations from the normal noted until the 2»ith of January, when No. 8 reports a very bad cold, affect- ing- chiefly the lar3'nx and bronchial tubes. The cold is better on the following- day, when, on the advice of a physician, 10 grains of quinine are taken. There is onh' a slight febrile excitement, the recorded temperatures being" 98.0 and 99° F. On the 2Sth, the first day of the preservative period, the s^^mptoms of the cold have diminished and the temperature is normal, but no passage of feces is recorded. The next day there is a slight febrile excitement, and the feces voided are firm and dark colored. The febrile excitement continues on the following day, nameh^, the 30th, but the temperature is again almost normal on the 31st, which is the last day of the tirst subperiod. On the 2d of February the feces are voided twice, the second movement marked as soft and dark colored. On Fel)ruary 3 there is a very marked diarrhea, five movements of the ])owels ))eing recorded and the feces being- very soft and 3'ellow in color. There is, however, no appreciable febrile excitement. During the whole of this period, namely, the second preservative subperiod, No. 8 had more or less of a dull headache, followed by gastric irrita- tion, with marked nausea and vomiting. The character of the vomited niattcM- is a mucous, Avatery discharge. There are also marked pains in the intestines, which are relieved by the establishment of the diar- rhea above referred to. The character of the feces toward the end of this period is very thin and extremely yellow. There seems to be at Hrst a depression of the temperature rather than a rise, since the recorded observations on the 5th of February are temperature 96.9"^ and !»s.l- F. and the pulsation 60 and 60 per minute, respectively. During this pc^riod also, on account of illness, No. 8 missed eating breakfast and lunch on February 3. By reason of the nausea and head- ache developed in the case of No. 8, a further administration of boric acid to him is discontinued on February 3. The disturbed condition, however, of the patient continues, with a considerable febrile excite- ment on the 9th, the teujpcrature reaching 100.4° F. There is a gi-adual iinpro\ cment after this in the general symptoms of the patient, the h(;adache and nausea disappearing, and there are only occasional vai-iations fioni the noi'inal t('mperatur(\ The patient, however, is left in a conditio!) in which fuither observations respecting the influ- ence of the preservative upon the digestive processes are of no value, although he remained under observation continuously until the 1.5th of Fel)ruary, which would hav(; bcicn the end of the regular aftei period if the members of the series had retained their ability to go through with the woik re(|uirc'd. In this i-asf! there exists a probability that the boric acid induced or increased tin; nausc^a and vomiting complained of and that the diarrhea established may be in some measure due to the same cause. On a subsequ(!nt occasion, however, this subject took 60 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. even larger quantities of the preservative than those taken during this period without reestablishing the pronounced sj^mptoms described. No. 9—E.B. D. Thfe data recorded for No. 9 on January 21, near the beginning of the fore period, are temperature 98.6° and 98.7° F. and pulsations 73 and 80 before and after dinner, respectively. On the 23d pronounced symptoms of febrile disturbance are manifest, the recorded tempera- tures being 99.1° and 99.2° F. and the pulsations 84 and 88, respec- tively. A slight decrease of temperature is noted on the following day, but the quickness of the pulse is maintained. A marked increase and febrile excitement are noted on the 25th, the temperatures recorded being 99.3° and 99.-4° F. and the pulsations 92 and 90, respectively. The temperature is still higher on the 26th, being 100° and 100.1° F. and the pulsations 84 and 94, respectively, before and after dinner. Symptoms of grippe, so called, are manifest, complicated with a very bad cold already two days old, with a severe headache during the pre- ceding night, accompanied b}" neuralgia in the head which is intermit- tent. The illness is so pronounced as to prevent the attendance of No. 9 at all on the 28th. On the 29th the cold is found to be somewhat better and the temperature is lower, the feces being hard and deeply colored. The symptoms of grippe have so developed on the 29th that No. 9 is dropped from the table, as it is evident that he is in no con- dition to begin any experiments with preservatives in the food. No. 10— W. J. J. The recorded observations of No. 10 on January 21, the third day of the series, are temperature 98.6° and 98.8° F. and pulsations 80 and 80, respectively. No notable variations from normal conditions are apparent during the continuance of the fore period, save on the last day, January 27, when there are two movements of the bowels. During the first preservative subperiod no marked variations in the vital data are noticed. The data continue practically normal, with very slight variations, during the second subperiod also, which includes the days from February 1 to February 4, inclusive. The third sub- period passes also without an}^ notable variation from the normal con- ditions. On February 9 and 10, 4 grams of boric acid a day are given to No. 10. On the 10th a persistent dull headache develops. There is a slight increase in the temperature, the record being 98.8° and 98.6° F., and also a slightly increased rate of pulsation, the data being 80 and 92, respectively, before and after dinner. On the following day very marked effects are noticed — a failure of appetite, general feeling of malaise, and discomfort. The effects, however, in the case of No. 10 are not nearly so marked as in the other two cases noted, but they are distinct and show marked disturbances with this quantity BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 61 of the preservative. The subject is still in a condition on the 15th of February which renders his attendance on an after period under observation impracticable. No. 11— J. s. a The recorded data for No. 11 on January 21 are temperature 98.2'^ and 98.2^ F. and pulsations 80 and 82 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. The fore period passes without an}^ notable variation from the normal condition noticed at the beginning thereof. On the 28th, the first da}^ of the preservative period, the recorded observations for temperature are 98.5° and 98.5° F. and for pulsa- tions 76 and 78, respectivelj", before and after dinner. On the 31st, at the end of the first subperiod, there is no marked variation in the data except a slight increase in temperature, which is recorded as 97.9 -^ and 97.9° F., respectivelj^, before and after dinner. The second subperiod also passes without any very great variation, but by reason of the disturbed condition of the health no preservative is given after February 2. The temperature is somewhat higher on February 4, the record reading 99.1° and 99.4° F. and for the pulsations 88 and 90, respectively. This febrile tendency has partly passed away on the 5th, and normal conditions continue to the 8th. There is developed, how- ever, during this period a dull and continued headache, with a watery, bloodshot condition of the eyes, and a feeling of general malaise, which may bo partly due to the preceding use of the preservative. This con- nection, however, is not demonstrated. iS'b. 1^—B. J. T. The recorded observations of No. 12 on January 21 are tempera- ture 98.4° and 98.6° F. and pulsations 86 and 96, respectively, before and after dinner. There are no notable variations in the data, with the excepticm of the second movement of the bowels on January 27. The feces priniously voided during this period have been very hard and dark, and the second movement on the 27th is described as soft and dark. On the first day of the preservative period the recorded observa- tions are 98.7° and 98.9° F. for the temperature and 92 and 96, lespectively, before and after dinner, for the pulsations. These data indicate a slight febrile excitement. There are no marked disturbances during the first subperiod, with the exception of a febrile excitement on the yist, when the temperatures registered are 99° and 99.1° F. and th«5 pulsations 84 and 104, respectively, before and after dinner. These conditions c()ntinue on Fc^hruary 1, the first day of the second subperiod. On Fel>ruary 2 No. 12 is suffering with a severe headache, which he states began the day l)efore. The lujadache is described as being slight in th(! mortiing and heavier at night. No. 12 has also contracted a very slight cold. ITic febrile excitement noticed on this 62 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. day, namely, a temperature of 99.9^ F.. after dinner, with a pulsa- tion of 100, is doubtless due to the cold rather than to the action of the boric acid. On the 3d the headache is described as having been very severe during the night, but not so severe during the day. There are also two movements of the bowels, the first dark and soft and the second dark and very soft. The febrile excitement also con- tinues, the recorded temperatures being 99.6"^ and 99.7° F. and the pulsations 96 and 100 before and after dinner. The conditions described continue during the 4th of February, the last da}- of the second subperiod. Under the continued administration of borax these sj^mptoms are very much accentuated, and No. 12 is in such a condition on the 6th of February that the further administration of boric acid is discontinued. On February 16 No. 12 has sufficiently recovered to take some of the preservative again, but the interrup- tions in the observation due to his illness render the further study of his case, as a whole, in connection with the series, of but little value for the supplementary period. The amount of boric acid given on the 16th is 1 gram;' on the 17th, 2 grams; on the ISth, 3 grams; on the 19th, tt grams, and on the 20th, 5 grams. Nos. 8, 9, and 11 also take part in this special test. No. 12 is then excused from further attend- ance, his condition being such as to render further consideration of the case undesirable. In this, as in the three other cases, the administra- tion of the boric acid may be associated with the production of the headache, malaise, nausea, and general distress from which the patient suffers, but there are also symptoms of grippe. The preservative appears to cause no trouble whatever, at least an}- that can be noted, by inducing- diarrheal symptoms or any marked increase in the vol- ume of the urine. Series III. No. 1—J. N. The observed data of No. 1 on February 19, the first day of the fore period of Series III, are temperature 98.1° and 98.1° F. and pulsations 62 and 69 beats per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. A light febrile disturbance is noticed on February 22, the thermometer registering 98.6° and 99° F. A similar slight increase of temperature is also noted on the 26th, but is not of a character to incite apprehension. The last day of the fore period the temperature registered is 98.5° and 98.8° F. and the pulsations are 57 and 'd'o^ respectiveh^, before and after dinner. There are no departures of any marked importance from the normal state other than the slight febrile excitement mentioned during the fore period. The first day of the preservative period, namely, February 28, the data registered are 98.7° and 98.5° F. for temperature and 78 and 75 for pulsations. On this day there is a second movement of the bowels, and the feces are soft and of a light color. A similar record is made BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 63 on March 2, No other departures from the normal are noted for the first su>)period (Februar}^ 28 to March 3, inclusive). On March 5, during the second snbperiod. a headache and feelinw- of fulhiess in the stomach are developed, but the symptoms are not sufficiently marked to cause any disturbance in the ordinar}" functions of the body. On March 7. the last day of the second subpei'iod, additional symptoms of disturbance of digestion are noted in the form of severe pains in the stomach and intestines. On March 8 decided symptoms of malaise and indisposition and loss of appetite, including pains in the head and the intestines, are developed. On the next day there is a ver^' severe dizzy headache and continued pain in the intestines during the whole of the day. There is. however, no increase of temperature and no diarrhea. The headache and pains persist, the headache especiall}' being very severe on March 10, with a slight febrile excitement, the recorded temperatures being 98.8^ and 09- F. The headache increases in intensity during the 11th, and there is a marked rise of tempera- ture, the recorded observations being 100.2- and 100.2" F. and the pulsations 98 and 92, respectively, before and after dinner. This suVjject is in a rather bad condition at the end of the third suhperiod. The quantity of boric acid taken during these periods is 1 gram a day during the first period of four days, -i grams during the first two days of the second period of four days and 2 grams the other t^^■o days, and 3 gi*ams during the first and third days of the third period and 2 grams the other two days. The exhibition of boric acid is discontinued on March 11. On March 12. the first day of the after period, there is still con- siderable headache, and a slight hemorrhage from the nostrils at 6 a. m. The temperature, however, has declined, but is still above the normal, Ixiing 99.6" and 99.8" F. Headache and bad feeling have largely passed away on the 13th, and the temperature has also fallen, the registrations being 99.1 and 99.1" F. On the loth the temperature is again almost normal, the registrations being 98. Y" and 98.8° F. and the pulsations 03 and 07 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. The headache, pains in the intestines, and general feeling of malaise have almost disappeared. On the 16th the normal condition of the body apparently is restored, but there is a slight bleeding of the nose. On March 19, the last day of the after period, the recorded temper- atures are 98.0 and 98.8 ^ F. and the pulsations Oo and 04 per minute, respectively, before and afU-r dinner. The normal feeling of health i.** apparently completely restored. In this case it is highly probable that the headache, pains in the stomach, and general ill feeling expe- rienced during th(; j>reservative jx-riod are chiefly attributable to the effect of the preservative and are not due to any incidental abnormal condition. 64 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. No. 2—F. a W. The recorded data for February 19 are temperature 98.5° and 98° F. and pulsations 71 and 73 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. All the functions of the bod}^ appear to be normal. The last day of the fore period, namel}^, February 27, the body functions are still entirely normal, the recorded temperatures being 98.4° and 98.2° F. and the pulsations 65 and 85 per minute, respectivel}^, before and after dinner. The first day of the preservative period the recorded observations show a temperature of 98.4° and 98.2° F. and the pulsations 76 and 80, respectivel3\ On March 3 there is a marked febrile disturbance, the recorded temperatures being 99.7° and 99.2° F. and the pulsations 105 and 109 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. A slight headache also is developed, ascribed by No. 2 himself to taking a slight cold. The febrile excitement has almost disappeared on the following day, the recorded temperatures being 98.9° and 98.9° F. and the pulsations 99 and 99, respectively. The symptoms of head- ache and malaise are recorded as being the same as the previous day, and the symptoms of a cold are tirmly established. On the 5th there is again an increase in temperature, the recorded data being 100.3° and 100.1° F. and the pulsations 106 and 106, respectively. There is a marked loss of appetite and the headache has increased. The fever on the 6th has practically disappeared, the temperature being 98.8° and 98.8° F. and the pulsations 85 and 85, respectivel3^ A very marked increase in the fever is noticed on the 7th, the recorded tem- peratures being 100.3° and 100.3° F. and the pulsations 106 and 103, respectively. The subject describes his symptoms as those of taking cold all day and as feeling very badl}^ On March 5, by reason of the general headache and feeling of uneasiness, only 2 grams of boric acid are given, the other subjects receiving 4 grams each. On the 6th the boric acid is omitted altogether, and on the 7th only 1 gram is given. On the 8th, by reason of the increased indisposition, loss of appetite, and general ill feeling of No. 2, the administration of boric acid is dis- continued in his case. On the 9th the cold is still very bad; headache persistent; aching muscles; general symptoms of grippe; and a tem- perature about 1° above normal. On the 10th symptoms of cold have almost disappeared and the temperature and pulse are normal, the subject feeling ver}^ much better. On the 11th he describes him- self as feeling perfectly well in every respect except the persistence of a slight cold. Temperature and pulsation, however, are perfectly normal. At the beginning of the after period — March 12 — the recorded data are temperature 98.2° and 98° F. and the pulsations 60 and 65, respec- tively. The normal condition is continued throughout the after BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 65 period, the recorded observations on the 19th being- for temperature 98.4- and 98.2 F. and pulsations 71 and 79, respectively. The case of No. 2 presents some difficulties in interpretation on account of the coexistence of a severe cold with the period of admin- istering- the boric acid. Inasmuch, however, as the cold still persists after the administration of the boric acid has ceased, but the s3^mptoms of headache, loss of appetite, and g-eneral l)ad feeling in the region of the stomach cea.se when the ration of l)orlc acid is withdrawn, it seems only just to conclude that at least a portion of the unfavorable sj^mp- toms manifested during- the preservative period are due to the admin- istration of the preservative. This case, however, is not nearly so well defined as the preceding- one. No. 3—W. S. 0. On February 19, the beginning- of the fore period. No. 3 appears to have a slight febrile disturbance, the recorded temperatures being- 98.7'-' and 99- F. and the pulsations 78 and 84 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. There is also a slight febrile disturbance on the 24th, the recorded temperatures being- 99. 1"^ and 99.7^ F. and the pul- sations 8t) and 101, respectively. This condition has practicalh^ passed away at the end of the fore period, on the 27th, the conditions remain- ing normal, although there is an increase of temperature recorded aftei- dinner of 1-. This, however, may have been an error of obser- vation, as there appears to be no other evidence of febrile excitement. At the beginning of the preservative period the recorded observa- tions are tem[)erature 98.3° and 98.4° F. and the pulsations 82 and 84 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. On March 2 the feces are described as being less firm than during the fore period. A febrile disturbance appears on the 3d. and 4th, but it is not of a marked character. On March .5 there is a slight disturbance in the lower intestines, accompanied with pain and a desire to go to stool. On March 6 headache is developed — at first light, later in the day more severe. On March 7 the headache still persists, l)ut is not so severe as on the preceding day, though a general tired feeling is noticed. There is no marked increase of temperature or other disturbance of the bodily functions. The headache continues on the 8tli, on which date 3 gi-ams of boric acid are given. A severe headache develops on the 9th, with a feeling of constriction and pressure across the forehead. On March 10 the headache pei'sists, but is not so severe, and a geniM-al tii'ed feeling is experienced. The headache also continues on March 1 1 , which is the last day of the exhibition of boric acid; but there is no diai-rhea or othei- distui-l»anc(^ of th(^ bodily functions noted. The tem- perature is normal on this day, but the pulsations are slightly more rapid than usual, being {>4 and 90 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. 424-2— No. H4, pt 1—04 5 66 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. On March 12, the beginning- of the after period, the temperature and pulsations are normaL A slight headache, however, still persists. The headache has disappeared on the 13th, the second day of the after period. On the third day of the after period a slight febrile disturb- ance is developed and a recurrence of the tired feeling is experienced. Practically normal conditions supervene until the iTth, when there is again a recurrence of the tired feeling and a very slight headache. This slight indisposition continues also on the 18th. On the 19th, which is the last daj of the after .period, the pulsations and tempera- ture are practicalh^ normal, but No. 3 describes himself as not feeling quite up to the standard and as having slight pains in the stomach. The data in the case of No. 3 are also not quite distinctive. The headache and general feeling of malaise manifested during the pre- servative period might be attributed to the cold or to some incidental disease, but they appear also to be due, at least in part, to the adminis- tration of the boric acid, although these disturbances continue, in a less marked degree, during a part of the after period. It is, of course, reasonable to suppose that such disturbances would continue for a short time during the after period, but in this instance they persist to a certain extent to the close of that period. It is barely possible that the effects of the boric acid may have continued during this whole time, but in the light of other experience this is not likely. The data, therefore, obtained by these observations are not to be too positively interpreted. No. 4—E. a S.a The first complete observations on No. 4 are made on February 21, when there appears to be a slight febrile disturbance, the recorded temperatures being 99.5° and 100° F. and the pulsations 72 and 72 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. On February 23 there are two movements of the bowels instead of one as usual, and there is still a slight febrile excitement, though not at all well marked. On the last day of the fore period, February 27, the recorded data are temperature 97.5° and 98° F. and pulsations 68 and 75, respectively. The first record for temperature is probably due to an error of obser- vation of 1° in the reading of the thermometer. The first day of the preservative period exhibits no abnormal data of any description. Two movements of the bowels are recorded on March 2, the first marked as soft and the second as ver}^ soft, but this is not pronounced enough to be regarded as even an intimation of diarrhea. The second movement on the ttth of March is extremely watery and partakes of the nature of a diarrheal discharge, with pains and burning sensation in the intestines. At 1.30 p. m. 450 cc of cloud}?^ urine are voided, forming immediately a white precipitate. A «E. C. S. takes the place of W. L. D. (No. 4 of Series I), who withdrew from the experiment at the end of Series I. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 67 slio"lit hoadacho is noticed. The intestines continue uncomfortable through the night, with headache all da}' on the oth. In the afternoon of the 5*^h slight nausea is experienced. Headache continues two daj^s longer, with slight giddiness on the Tth. A slight febrile disturbance is manifest on ^Slarch 8, the recorded temperatures being 99"" and 98.8^ F. and the pulsations 80 and 92 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. On ]March 11. the last da}' of the preservative period, the recorded data are temperature 98.7^ and 98.4^ F. and pulsations 88 and 88, respectively, before and after dinner. There is a feeling of nausea all the afternoon and a dull headache, accompanied by a burn- ing of the skin over the entire body and a weakness and trembling* of the knees. No abnormal data are recorded during- the after period except in two cases, where the second movement of the bowels is described as being very soft. A tendency to constipation develops on March 1.5, no movement of the bowels being recorded for that day. This con- stipation, however, does not persist beyond the day. The r(>corded observations for March 19, the end of the after period, are tempera- ture 96"' and 90.2' F. and pulsations 81: and 81. The data for the temperature evidently are erroneous, due either to a faulty marking of the theraiometer or to an error in reading. The above data in the case of No. 4 show that a marked influence upon the observed bodily functions is produced by the administration of the boric acid. In so far as the phenomena manifest are concerned the functions of the body are considerably disturbed during- the use of the preservative. No. 5-H. C. G.a The recorded data for No. 5 at the beginning of the fore period are 98.2" and 98 F. for temperature and 78 and 82 for pulsations, respec- tively, before and after diiuier. No al)normal data except an apparent low temperature, sometimes falling slightly below 98, are observed during the continuance of the fore period. At the })eg-inning of the preservative period the recorded data are 98' and 9S.2-^ F. for temperature and 84 and 84 for pulsations, respec- tively. Th(! recorded data show no variations from the normal until March «J, when the i-egistration for tempei'ature is 1^'^ below normal, (•vidently due to an imperfect thermometer or error in observation. <^)n March 7 No. r> awakes with a headache from which he has suft'ered • luring his wakeful moments during the preceding night, and this head- ache pfirsists (luring the day. There ai*e no other disturbing sym[)toms. On March 8 the headache persists duiing the entire day, but there is no febrile excitement or other aberration from the normal. On March • No. 5 HtaUiH thai he has slept poorly dui-ing the previous night; his ' TakeH tlie |)lac(! (if |{. V. F. (No. 5ol' ScricH I), wlio withilrew from the expcri- iiKMit at th(; <;m(I of 8<;rieH 1. 68 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. head is not clear and the headache persists all day; he describes himself as not being able to make calculations and to be sure of being right. This feeling of disturbance increases toward night. There appears to be a slight increase in temperature, the recorded observations being 98.6° and 99.4° F. On March 10 No. 5 states that he has slept only a few hours during the previous night, having suffered with a headache during the night and also during the whole clay; brain clouded; symp- toms of cold during the night, which continue all da}"; a tendenc}^ to constipation is also manifest and a feverish feeling is described. This feverish feeling is shown by the recorded observations of temperature, which are 99.8° and 99.8° F. The pulsations are also increased to 106 and 100 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. On March 11 the constipation has increased so that there is no movement of the bowels. The temperature and pulsations remain the same and the general feeling of uneasiness persists. On the first cla}^ of the after period the temperature and pulsations are again normal and the general feeling of uneasiness has largely dis- appeared. On March 17 No. 6 describes himself as again feeling per- fectly normal, the recorded observations for this da}^ being 98.2° and 98° F. for the temperature and 76 and 80 for the pulsations. On March 19, the last day of the after period, the recorded observations for temperature are 97.8° and 97.8° F. and for the pulsations 76 and 81. These data seem to point with a great deal of significance to a marked disturbance of the functional activities due to the administra- tion of the preservative. No. 5, however, is said b}^ Doctor Geddings to be very impressionable and responsive to suggestions concerning pain and other symptoms. The headache, sleeplessness, and general feeling of oppression appear clearly to be due, at least in part, to the ejffect of the preservative upon the system. As noted, however, there is no tendency whatever in this case to the production of diarrhea, but on the contrary to the opposite condition. No. 6—L. M. S. The recorded observations for No. 6 on the 19th of February, the first day of the fore period, are 98.3° and 99° F., respectively, for the temperature and 88 and 89 for the pulsations. No abnormal data arc recorded for the fore period, the record for the 27th, the last day of the fore period, being 98.7° and 98.8° F. and the pulsations 78 and 79, respectively. On the first day of the preservative period, however, No. 6 develops the symptoms of a violent cold or an attack of the grippe, the tem- perature rising to 101.8° F. and the pulsations to 101. These violent symptoms practically disappear, however, on the following day, the temperature being 98.7° and 98.9° F. and the pulsations 90 and 92, BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 69 respectively. Normal conditions also prevail on March 2. A slight febrile disturbance is again marked on March 3. No marked symp- toms of an abnormal nature are developed until the 7th of March, at the end of the 2-gram preservative period. On this day No. 6 suffers with severe pains in the stomach after breakfast. These pains pass away during the morning, but return again at 2 p. m. after luncheon and at 6 p. m. after dinner. Headache persists during the entire da3\ Headache also persists during the 8th. On the 9th the headache is described as still persisting, with pains in the ))owels which at times are verj- violent. No. suffers again somewhat from a cold, although the increase in temperature is only one-half degree, and takes 4 grains of quinine. Headache persists during the 10th, with pains in the back and a burning sensation in the face. There is no fever, however, dur- ing the 10th, and no tendency to diarrhea, but rather to the opposite condition. Constipation is well marked on March 11, no passage of the bowels l)eing recorded, and the headache continues. The headache persists also, but with less intensity, on the 12th, although this is the first day of the after period. On the 13th the headache has disappeared, and tiie boric acid has practically disappeared from the urine. On March IT the appetite, which has been very much deranged during the pre- servative period, is reported as again good, and No. 12 describes him- .self as feeling normal. No further variations in the normal conditions appear during the remaining portion of the after period, the data recorded for the 19th of March being for temperature 98. S^ and 98.8''-' F. and the pulsations 76 and 78. These data again point with considcral)le significance to the disturbing inrtuences of the ]x)ric acid upon the bod>' functions. It seems rather ch*arly indicated that the headache, malaise, and pains in the intestines experienced during the preservative period in this case are due to tlic administei-ed preservative. It is true that on one day No. 6 suffered from a slight cold and took 4 grains of ({uinine, but the fact that the headaches and pains were not manifested during the fore period, that they apjx'arcd with increasing intensity as the amount of ))oricacid was increased ' during the preservative period to six per day, and the volume of urine has diminished until it is 1,180 cc. A study of the above data reveals a very slight disturbing effect of the preservative upon the body functions, apparentl}'^ producing fre- quent desire to urinate and causing a general feeling of malaise and headache towaid th(! end of the pc^riod. Tlu^se synq)toms disappear when the lioric acid ceases to appear in the urine in notal)le amounts. These symptoms, however, arc not of themselves entirely conclusive, but thei-e i< also a slight loss of appetite dui'ing the preservative period, which is not sufficiently marked to be recorded among the data. Xo. 10— If. ./. J. The temperature and ])ulsations on March 20 arc normal and all the body fniietions are, discharged as in ordinaiy good health. This con- diticMi (jf affairs contiiuies without any notable change during the whole 72 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. of the fore period. On the last day of the fore period a sore throat develops, but it has produced at this time no febrile excitement nor interference with the appetite nor with the functions of the body. The soreness in the throat and the cold attending it still persist on March 29, The third day of the preservative period, March 30, the cold shows a very decided improvement, and disappears entirely with the beginning of April. At the commencement of the second sub- period, April 1, slight pains in the stomach are developed in this case, which last about thirty minutes after meals. These pains, however, are not repeated to any extent worthy of note on the following days. Headache is noted on April 7, about the middle of the third subperiod, but up to this time there has been no notable change in either tem- perature or rate of pulsation. The functions of the body continue to be discharged in a normal way during the fourth subperiod, though there is some complaint of lack of appetite, and, occasionally, of heavy feeling in the head, though not developed to the point of headache. The appetite, however, entirely fails on the last day of the fourth sub- period, namely, April 14, although there is no febrile excitement or other disturbance of the functions. This loss of appetite persists dur- ing the 15th; in fact, the subject is so ill that he is not able to present himself for examination and for the usual duties of the day. The loss of appetite and general feeling of malaise have partiall}^ passed awa}'- on the 17th, and the subject is able to appear again for his meals. On this date the boric acid has almost entirely disappeared from the urine. There is a gradual improvement of the health up to and including the last da}^ of the after period, namel}^, April 22, when the recorded observations are 98,6^ and 98,6^ F. for the temperature and 70 and 80 for the pulsations. The above data show a greater susceptibilitj'^ of No. 10 to the influ- ence of the preservative than has been exhibited by any of the forego- ing members during this series, and it seems reasonable to attribute the headache and feeling of malaise more or less directly to the admin- istration of the preservative. The evidence, however, is not wholly conclusive in this respect, though it is rather easy to exclude all othei' causes which may have produced the eflects noted. The evidence, while not entirel}'' convincing, is corroborative in respect to the harmful effect produced by the administration of the preservative. No. 11— J. S. C. Normal conditions are noted at the beginning of the fore period, March 20, the recorded temperatures being 98.4'^ and 98.4^ F. and the pulsations 78 and 78, respectivel}", before and after dinner. There is no notable departure from the normal state during the entire fore period, the recorded data for March 27 being 98.6'-' and 98.6° F. for temperature, and 72 and 78 for pulsations. On March 29 a slight BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 73 cold, which was contracted several da^'s previous, is of sufficient importance to be mentioned by No. 11. It is not very marked in character, but is descri))od as an extreraelv light attack. Apparently it has produced no febrile excitement and very little or no disturbance of the body functions. On March 30 the cold is worse and consider- able fever has developed, the temperature risino- to 101.2^ F. Six ufrains of quinine are taken and the subject remains in bed during all of the afternoon of the 30th. The sjaiiptoms are very much better on the 1st of April, the temperature being almost normal; but a slight diarrhea has set in, three movements of the bowels being recorded during the da}', all of them of a watery nature. During the day, also, 12 grains of quinine are taken — -t grains before each meal. •B}?' reason of the development of the cold no borax is given No. 11 after the 29tli of March until the ith of April, on which day the normal functions of the bod}' appear to have been restored, the temperatures recorded being 98.8-^ and 98.8^ F. and the pulsations 78 and 7s, respectively. Borax is then administered regularly from dinner on the -Ith until the close of the preservative period, April 11, with gradually increasing doses from one-half gram on the 1th to 3 grams on the 11th. During this period there are no variations of any marked nature, either in the temperature or the rate of pulsations, nor is there any tendency either to diarrhea or to constipation, the feces having been voided regularl}' once a day during the whole of the period. There is developed a marked sense of fullness in the head and heaviness of the stomach, accompanied with an impairment of appetite, but not sufficient to cause the subject to refuse to eat any of his regular rations. These symptoms be(;ome less marked and tinall}' pass away when the preser- vative ceases to appear in the urine. The data, as a whole, are not vevy conclusive, but show a slight tendencv, which seems to ))e due to the added preservative, to produce heaviness and dullness in the head, a slight loss of appetite, and a gen- eral feeling of malaise. The data, however, are not entirely delinite in this respect. No. 12— B. J. T. AH the data observed at the beginning of the fore period on March 20 show a normal state with the possible exception of a very slight f(tbrile movement, the recorded temperatures being about four-tenths of 1 ' above the normal and the pulsations being recorded as 9() and ^S per minute on the 20th, and 98 and 98 per minute on the 21st, the temperatuies for the latter date l)eing recorded as 98.9*^ and 98.6 " F. This disturbance, however, is not marked enough to be called any notable (h^partun; from the normal state. The fun(;tions of the body are dis(harg(!d in a thoroughly' normal way during all of the fore period, the recorded data on Maich 27, the last day of the fore period. 74 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. being 98.6° and 98.7° F. and the pulsations 88 and 92 per minute, respectively. This subject apparently 1ms a rather normal rapid movement of the heart, as the pulsations only once during the fore period fall below 80 and average usually about 85. The preservative period is begun with apparently a normal state of the functions of the body organs throughout. There seems to be a slight increase in febrile excitement on April 3, during the second sub- period, the recorded temperatures being 99. 1° and 99° F. and the pulsa- tions 100 and 96, respectively. This febrile excitement has passed away on the Irth, the normal state being restored. By reason of disturbance of health, no preservative was given to No. 12 from April 1 to April 6, inclusive. On the 7th, during the third subperiod, when 1 gram of borax per da}^ is administered, there is a second movement of the bowels, but no tendency to diarrhea. There are two movements also on April S, but without any diarrheal tendency. The ordinar}^ normal condition of the bod}^ apparently remains unchanged during the re- mainder of the preservative period, the recorded data for the last day, the llrth, being 99° and 99° F. for temperature, and 88 and 92 for pulsations. There is manifest in this case also a slight loss of appe- tite, a tendency to fullness of the head, and a general feeling of malaise, not sufficient, however, to interfere with the ordinar}^ daily vocations nor with the consumption of the regular rations. The data in this case are also of a rather doubtful signification, because of the conditions of ill health obtaining during a part of the period, j-et they exhibit a slight tendency toward a disturbance of the normal conditions of appetite and circulation, possibly due to the admin- istration of the preservative. This conclusion, however, like the one in the case immediately preceding, ma}^ be subject to modification, and the phenomena observed may possibl}^ be referred to other causes. Series V. The method of experimental work is changed somewhat in this series for the purpose of extending the observations over a longer period, and at the same time studying, so far as possible, the effects of the exhibition of small quantities of the preservative over a comparatively long period of time. There is no change in the character of the experi- ment other than this. The fore period begins on April 24 and extends until May 1. The preservative period begins on May 2 and continues until June 20 — a period of fift}^ days. The after period begins on June 21 and ends June 29. The individual records of the members of the table during the period follow. No. 1—J. N. The vital functions appear to be in a perfectly normal condition on the 24th of April. The recorded temperatures on that day are 98.4° BORIC ACID AND BORAX, 75 and OS.O-^^ F. and the pulsations 03 and 6U per minute, respectivel3\ before and after dinner. During the morning- of this day, while exer- cising. No. 1 dislocated his shoulder, but this accident seems to have had no effect upon the vital organs. During the next da}', however, there is a slight febrile excitement, probably due to this accident, the recorded temperatures l)eing 98. 8"" and 99'^ F, and the pulsations T2 and 71. This slight febrile disturbance has passed away on the fol- lowing dav. On Mav 1 all of the body functions are performed in a normal manner. During the preservative period there are no disturbances of the normal functions noted. No. 1 occasionally indulges in light outdoor sports, as playing ball, riding on the wheel, etc. This exercise occa- sionally causes a quicker pulse than otherwise, but no other disturbance. On the 8th there are two movements of the bowels recorded, but no tendencv to diarrhea is noticed. On the 12th No. 1 is suffering from a slight attack of nosebleeding, but it is not of sufficient magnitude to produce an}' marked effect. On the 13th symptoms of headache develop, and also pains in the back, but not of a very pronounced nature. There is no febrile disturbance and no other indication of ill health. On the following da}^ the headache has passed away, but recurs again on the 21:th, without, however, any other symptoms of ill health, A recurrence of the nosebleeding is noted on the 20th, but the loss of blood is very small. There is a return of the nose- bleeding during the night of the 27th, when No. 1 is asleep, a consid- erable (juantity of blood being collected in the fauces and discharged in clots during the following day. There is a slight febrile excite- ment noticed on this da}', the recorded temperatures being 98.8° and 98.8 ' F. The headache again returns on June 2, with a general feel- ing of discomfort in the head. This feeling of discomfort has been experienced for three or four days, l)ut has not been of sufficient intensity to warrant an entry until June 2. No. 1 describes the symp- toms as a kind of pressure in the head during this period, and a slight impairment of tin; hearing. This feeling in the head is also noticed in a very marked degree on June 5 and continues on the 6th and 7th. During this period No. 1 also suffers from a slight attack of tonsilitis, which seems, however, to have no connection with the bad feeling in the head, which persists and even grows worse. The feel- ing is staffed I)}' No. 1 to Ix; ind(?scribable, but something like a differ- ence of ])ressure between the internal and external portions of the head. On th(^ 29th the f<;eling is described as that of the head seeming to be \(*r}- laige, which feeling contiruies, being less pronounced, however, on some days. It secjins to culminate on June 15, on whi(th date No. 1 suffers very intens(!ly from this continued })ressui-e in the head. Inas- much as then; wei(! only li\'e (la\'s left of this period, however, it was d<-enie(| ;i(l\'isahle to (continue until the end. There is some improve- 76 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. ment, though not a complete cessation of the headache, up to the '20th, when the preservative period ends. There has been during all this time no other disturbance of any nature in any of the body functions, the temperature remaining quite constant, with only such variations in the pulsations as can be easily attributed to the character of the exercise taken. With the cessation of the administration of the preservative the pains in the head rapidly disappear and no complaint is made concern- ing them during the after period. On the 29th of June, at the close of the observation, the normal conditions, even in respect to the head- ache, are apparentlv entirely restored. No appreciable quantities of boric acid are found in the urine after June 21. A review of the above data seems to indicate a rather close connec- tion between the continued administration of the preservative, even in small quantities, and the occurrence, recrudescence, and persistence of the headache, perhaps more properly described as an uncomfortable feeling in the head. During all this time there is no disturbance of the bod}^ functions save as indicated in the analytical data and record of bod}" weights, the temperature remaining practically normal and the other functions of the bod}" being conducted in the ordinary manner. There seems to be no connection traceable between the occasional nose- bleeding noted and the administration of the preservative, unless it may be associated with the apparent increased blood pressure in the head. No. 2—F. a W. The vital functions are normal on April 24, the recorded tempera- tures being 98. -1:° and 98.4° F. and the pulsations 77 and 75 per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. Somewhat vigorous exercise and ball playing on the 28th of April cause an increase in the pulsations, which reach the number of 100. There is no febrile dis- turbance connected therewith. On May 1, the last da}" of the fore period, all the vital functions are normal. During the preservative period there are no disturbances of the vital functions until the 6th of May, Avhen a slight headache is reported. This headache did not recur for some time and can not be justly attributed to the administered preservative. The next date on which headache is noted is May 18. It still persists on the 19th, in conjunc- tion with a dull, heavy feeling, as described by No. 2, There is no diarrhea or tendency thereto and no increase in temperature, while the other vital functions are normal. The headache recurs on May 22, followed by a few days of intermission; then another recurrence on the 27th, persisting with increased intensity on the 28th and a gen- eral feeling of malaise. On the 29th the headache increases, the appetite fails to a considerable extent, and a general ill feeling pre- vails. After a dav or two of intermission there is a recurrence of the BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 77 headache on the 31st, the appetite l)eing poor, the subject complaining of a general miserable feeling, with a peculiar burning, heav}' sensa- tion in the stomach. This feeling has existed for several days before the 31st, but has not been deemed worthy of note until that day, it having increased greath' for a week or ten days, according to the statement made by No. 2. June 1 brought no relief from these ill feelings, the headache persisting, appetite poor, and the general feel- ing of discomfort continuing. No improvement is noted on June 2, The discomfort complained of is not sufficient!}' pronounced to prevent the subject from attending to his ordinary duties. The appetite, how- ever, has so diminished that No. 2 is not able to eat the whole of liis rations on June 3, the headache and the heavy, burning sensation in the stomach being ver}' pronounced. These symptoms continue with- out intermission and are somewhat accentuated on June 6. On the following day there is an improvement in the symptoms and the appe- tite is also better, but this gain vanishes on the Sth. The severe headache continues all day on the 9th, but is not so pronounced on the loth, though the improvement in the appetite is not noticeable. On the 11th and 12th the headache is not so severe and the appetite is a little better. The administration of the preservative was discontinued after the 11th. By the 11th the appetite seems to be quite restored, though the headache and other ill feelings are not entirely gone. On the 15th of June there is quite an improvement, but this is onl}' ttnnporary, and all the troublesome symptoms of the bad headache return on the 16tli. During the remainder of the period there is some slight improvement and the discomfort is not so well marked. The temperature and pulsation remain normal during the whole time. There is no tendency nor indication of diarrhea nor of any other dis- turbance of an}' consequence save those noted. The after period sees a general improvement and disappearance of the headache and burning sensations in the stomach and the general feeling of malaise. On the 29th of June, when the observations cease, No. 2 is apparently restored to a perfectly normal condition. The data in the above case are even more pronounced than in the case of No. 1 in showing a direct connection between the headache, iH.'aviness and burning sensations in the stomach, and general discom- fort, on one side, and the preservative which has been administerv d 'luring this period of fifty days, on the other. No. 3—W. S. O. At the beginning of the fore ])eriod there appears to be a slight febrile excitement, the temperatures recorded lieing 99 and 9!) F. and the pulsations 84 and 94, respectively, before and after d inner. This condition pei-sists for two or three days. By the 2T(h, how- evci'. the temperature has fallen almost to the normal, although the 78 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. pulsations continue quite rapid. On May 1 the temperature and pulsations are normal. At the commencement of the -preservative period there is a tendencj^ manifested, as in the fore period, to a temperature slig-htly above the normal, though not sufficient!}" so to indicate any ^-er}" marked febrile disturbance. On Ma}^ 6 there is a marked increase in the frequency of the pulsation, which is ascribed to the fact that, being a member of the District Militia, No. 8 was engaged in drilling for an hour and a half previous to coming to dinner. This raised the pulsation to above 100, the recorded observations being 136 and 106, respective! 3% before and after dinner. There is also a slight febrile excitement, but nothing of a marked character. No further departures from normal conditions are noted until the 18th of May, when a slight headache develops, which persists during all of the afternoon. This symptom disappears on the following day, and all conditions then remain normal until the 29th, Avhen there is a recurrence of the headache, which is especially severe during the evening. This continues on Maj^ 30, the headache persisting during the whole day, but has passed away on the follow- ing da}", and there is no recurrence of it during the remainder of the preservative period. On the 20th of June, the end of the period, the recorded temperatures are 98.1:° and 98.8° F. and the pulsations 90 and 80, respectively. Normal conditions continue throughout the aftei* period. At no time during the whole series is there any tendency to diarrhea or any disturbance of the functions of the body which calls for any special comment. The data in this case seem to indicate that the administration of the boric acid during the period of fifty da^-s has not produced an}^ bod}^ changes of a character sufficient to indicate any definite connection between them and the preservative administered. No. 4—E. a S. In the beginning of the fore period, on the 21th of April, the recorded data in the case of No. 4: are 98.7° and 98.5° F., for tempera- ture, and 84 and 88 pulsations per minute, respectively, before and after dinner. At the end of the fore period all the vital functions are normal, and no departure therefrom of an}" significance has been noted. It is observed, however, that on the last day of the fore period and during the first few days of the preservative period there is an unusu- ally large volume of urine voided. On May 5, the fourth day of the preservative period, there is developed after breakfast a decided nausea, followed by emesis, by which a large portion of the meal is lost. Although the administration of the borax is continued, there is no recurrence of the nausea and vomiting noted up to the 25th of May, when the administration of the borax in this case is omitted, and on BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 79 the '2Di\i of May No. 4 withdrew from the table by reason of removing from the city. The data in this case arc not of a decisive nature, though, so far as can be ascertained, the nausea and vomiting mentioned arc not due to any other cause than the preservative employed. If, however, this ill feeling has been produced l)y the preservative administered, a recur- rence of it might have been expected during the next period. It does not seem, therefore, quite possible to ascribe this incidental nausea and vomiting to the administered preservative, though it ma}^ have been due thereto. No. 5~H. c. a. The body functions appear to be normal at the beginning of the fore period, on April 24, the data recorded lieing for temperature 98.4° and i>8.2- F. and pulsations 80 and 84. On April 28 there is a slight increase in the number of pulsations per miiuite, which are registered as 108 and lOo, respectively, before and after dinner, but this is due, as indicated by No. 5, to the fact that he has just come in from a long ride on a bicycle. There is a slight tendency to constipation developed on the 20th, when no movement of the bowels is o))served. The rest of the fore pcu-iod passes without any other notable variation from normal conditions. During the administration of the preservative the first symptom recorded of a disturbing nature is on May .5. wdien No. 5 suffers from a slight headache during the whole day. This continues on the 6th, but is not pi^rsistciit, passing away during the evening. It does not recur on the 7th nor on the following days. On May 18 there is a feeling of distress in the stomach, described as indigestion, occurring nnmediateh' after dinner. There is also described by No. 5 a clouded feeling in the head. On the l!»th No. 5 suffers from headache all day, increasing toward evening. There is also a marked tendency to con- stipaticjii. The headache passes away during the night. On tlu^ 20th there are symptoms of a cold and slight headache, continuing all night, and the constipation is more pronounced. The headache continues on the 2lst, as also does tlie constipation. On the 22d the symptoms of cold have pass(;d away, and No. 5 is feeling well, but the constipation continues. There is a recurrence of the headache on the 25th, and the symptoms of cold have also i(;turned. There is no notal)le increase in temperatuie. (.'old and a slight headache continue on the 2()th, a general fservations was made by reason of the poor health and general phys- ical unfitness of the subjects for the regular conduct of the experi- mental work. This was especially true of No. 13, who had pro- nounced symptoms of pulmonary disturbance. In these cases the analytical control of the metabolism was omitted for the most part and attention directed rather to the general effect produced by the exhibition of the preservative. Owing to the ill health of the subjects it was impractical)le to determine to just what degree the symptoms observed were to be ascribed to the preserv^ative administered. Th(^ quantity of boric acid exhibited in these two cases did not exceed one- half gram per day, and in many cases, as will be seen by reference to the schedule of administration of the special series, it was less. The " Known an No. 5 in Series I; later, wlu-n made a Huhjeft of npecial o))Hervations, known aH No. 1.3. '' Known an No. 9 in Series II and a« No. 14 in Hpetrial Heries. 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 6 82 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. special period extended from March 9 to May 1, inclusive, though No. 14 continued the experiment with the fifth series, taking the preserva- tive until June 20, inclusive. No. 5, later No. 13. The observations on No. 5 (Series I) are of a fragmentary character, due to the interruption of the observations at various periods by illness brought on by causes entirely apart from the administration of the preservative. These observations are of little value for comparative purposes, but may prove of some value in tracing the effect of the preservative upon digestion and health over a considerable period of time. Observations on No. 5 were commenced on December 9. On this date the temperature of the body is normal, the pulsations 86 per minute at 6.30 p. m., before dinner, and the body weight 52.72 kilo- grams. There is a slight febrile disturbance on the 16th of December, which continues on the 17th and to a less extent on the 18th. On the 20th, however, the temperature is again normal, but the pulsations somewhat above the normal — namely, 90 and 94 per minute. On December 22, on entering upon the preservative period, the conditions are not very favorable, there being a slight febrile excitement, the tem- perature rising to 99° and 98.6° F. and the pulsations to 101 and 103, respectively, before and after dinner. The weight of the body on this date is 52.42 kilograms. The data relating to No. 5 for this first series are included with the general discussion of that series, and so need not be repeated in greater detail here. The quantity of preservative given per day to No. 5 at this period is 1 gram from December 22 to 26, inclusive, 2 grams from December 27 to 30, inclusive, and 3 grams from December 31 to Jan- uary 3, inclusive. From January 4 until the beginning of the next series, No. 5 receives no preservative. Shortly after the end of the first series No. 5 is attacked with a severe fever and grippe, with which he is quite ill for a long time, at times being confined to his bed for several days in succession. It does not appear that this attack is due in any way to the administration of the preservative. It seems to be an ordinary attack, but of a very persistent nature, attended with loss of appetite and a low form of fever, but without any other typhoid symptoms. For this reason, at the beginning of the third series, when No. 5 would naturally have come again under observation, he was not in a condition for further experimental study and his place was taken by another. On February 24 No. 5, R. V. F. (now having assumed the number 13), is again able to appear and resume his place at the table. His weight has fallen from over 54 kilograms, before his illness, to the minimum, 49.5 kilograms on his return. There is still at this time some little febrile excitement, the temperature being BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 83 fully 99- F., and the pulsations 102 and 105. No. 13 (old No. 5), also complains of headache on this occasion. This and the febrile excite- ment are continued for several da^'s. By March 2 normal conditions seem to be restored, but there is no notable increase in weight, which on this date is ."iO kilograms even. The improvement continues for several days, with occasional relapses into ill feeling and frequent headaches. On ]\Iarch 5 there is again a slight febrile excitement, the temperature rising to 99"^ F. This condition passes away, however, the following day, but recurs on the 7th, thus indicating malarial con- ditions. On March 9 the improvement in the condition of No. 13 seems to have become permanent, and the administration of the pre- servative is again commenced in a quantity of one-half gram, which is again given in the same quantit}'^ on the following day. On this day there is a considerable fel)rile excitement and headache, evidently not due. however, to the administration of the preservative, as it is exactly -iniilar to that which has taken place at somewhat regular intervals during the fore period. The febrile excitement continues on the fol- lowing day and normal conditions are restored on the 12th, when one- half gram of the preservative is administered, but on the next day this is diminislied to one-fourth gram. One-half gram per day is given from the l-tth to the 19th, inclusive, during which time there is an apparent improvement in the condition of the patient, the weight having increased on March 19 to 51. -4 kilograms. On March 20 there is a sharp recurrence of the symptoms of grippe, and the administration of the boric acid is suspended; the temperature runs as high as 101,8-^ F. and the pulsations as high as 120 per minute. This accession of fevei- does not seem to ))e connected in any way with the -mall <|uantity of the preservative taken before the attack. This illness of No. 13 contiinies throughout the 21st with an intensity which causes him to be al)sent on this day. On the 22d he returns, l)ut still shows a slight t'cbiile excitement, the temperature being 99" F., although it falls duiing the day at one time to 98.6. On the following day the chart shows that he is not well, but improving, and on the 24th, while still inipiov ing, the administration of tlu^ preservatives is r<;conmicncc(| in ratiire is normal on the morning of the 4th, but a slight febrile excitement is manifest in the afterrnjon, the teinp(;rature rising to 99.(). Tins headache and febrile excitement continues without intermission and with accentuation during the 51 h and Gth of April, though the febrile 84 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. excitement is not very pronounced. On the 9th only a fourth of a gram of boric acid is given, as it seems probable from the symptoms that the headaches are due, to some extent at least, to the administration of the preservative, though the fever does not seem to depend upon that agent. From April 10 on the condition of No. 13 is such as to render advisable the discontinuance of the giving of the preservative. By April 14 the body weight has fallen to 49.8 kilograms, and on the 17th the subject is withdrawn from any further observation. Perhaps it would be difficult to find a set of data more unsatisfac- tory than those obtained with this man. The threatening condition of his lungs, the low vitality of his system, and the frequent recurrence of the attacks of the grippe, #ommingled with symptoms of malaria, make it extremely difficult to trace definitely an 3^ disturbing effect upon the system which the preservative may have produced. It is only during the period in April above referred to, when for several days there were persistent conditions of headache, that the effect of the preservative is at all discrete. In this case it is justifiable to assume from the conditions existing that some slight influence may have been produced by the preservative in establishing the condition of cephal- algia noticed. There are no evidences, however, that these small quantities of the preservative, given in this interrupted manner, had any tendency to produce nausea or other marked symptoms which are manifest in the cases of other subjects when large quantities of the preservative agent are employed. In other words, it is evident in this case, even from the fragmentary and unsatisfactory evidence at hand, that no absolutely certain prejudicial effect is produced by the admin- istration of the preservative. It is also equally evident that in a system so disturbed and so prone to other influences as that of No. 13 experi- mental evidences of a satisfactory nature or leading to definite con- clusions can not be obtained. No. 9, later No. U- The data in this case are ver}^ similar in character to those obtained in the case of No. 5 (No. 13, R. V. F.). No. 9 (E. B. D.) began as a regular member of the class of the second series, and the data relating to this subject during this period are suf- ficiently described in the section relating to that series. The febrile excitement in the case of No. 9 developed first on January 25, with a slight increase in temperature and in the rate of pulsations. The body weight on this date is 51.49 kilograms. A very bad cold is developed on the 26th of January, with the temperature rising to 100" F., and preceded during the night with a severe headache and neuralgia, the headache continuing at intervals during the day. These unfavorable conditions continue during the 27th in a very marked degree, and this condition, which seems to be the beginning of a serious attack of BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 85 cjrippe, is the reason for separating No. 1) from the regular table of observation and making him special. On the 29th the cold is reported better, but the temperature is still about 1 degree above the normal. Conditions are worse on January 30, and still worse on the 31st. No preservatives are administered to No. 9 and he is practically with- drawn from the table during the remainder of this period, namel}^ to the loth of February-, inclusive. At this time No. 9 has almost returned to a normal state, his weight on February 11 being 50.25 kilograms and his temperature only a little above the normal. On the lt>th a progressive administration of the preservative is commenced, beginning with 1 gram and increasing 1 gram per day for four days, the quantit}' given on the 19th being 4 grams. Quite a serious illness develops on the administration of this increasing quantity of preserva- tive, and the amount given on the 20th is diminished to 3^ grams. The body disturbance is so great at this point that no preservative is given on the 21st. After the cessation of the administration of the preservative there is a gradual improvement in the bod}'^ conditions, and on the 21:th of February the temperature and pulsations are normal, but the weight of the body has been reduced to 49.6 kilograms. No. 9 is now changed to No. 14 and placed upon a special table, and no further preservative is administered until March 9, when one-sixth of a gram of boric acid is given. On this date the temperature and pulsations are but little above the normal. On the 10th the amount of preservative administered is increased to one-fourth of a gram, and on the 11th and 12th one-half gram of boric acid is given each day. On March 13 no preservative is given on account of the decided disturl)ance produced b}' the administration of the small quantities during the previous days. On the 14th No. 14 is feeling much better, and the administration of the preservative is recommenced in quanti- ties of one-half gram per day, which is continued uninterruptedly until the 21st of March, inclusive. On the 22d and the 23d the disturbed conditions, similar to those due to the administration of the preserva- tive, arc again established, being a feeling of heaviness, malaise, and general indisposition, but without any febrile excitement. No boric acid is given on these two days. On the 24th the administration of the preservative is recommenced, one-half gram per da}^ being given from the 24th until the 20th, inclusive; one-fourth of a gram on the 27th and 28th, and one-half gram per day from March 29 to April 4, inclusive. During this time, up to about the 3d of April, th(! normal (conditions of the body prevail. On the 5th the malaise and ill feeling, apparently due to the action of the small (juantity of preservative, arc established and no i)reservativc is given on the 5th and 6th. The normal conditions being r(!(!stablished on the 7th, the administration of thr- pics('ivativ(! is recommenced and continues in half-gram quan- tities daily to the 10th, inclusive. On the 11th there appears to be a 86 INFLUENCE OF FOOJ) PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. recurrence of the ill feelings above referred to, and the quantity of the preservative is diminished to one-fourth of a gram. On the 12th of April decided symptoms of illness are continued, and b}^ reason of these symptoms, which persist for several days, the administration of the preservative is omitted from the 12th to the 23d, inclusive, although during this period No. 14 is able to appear each day, but is feeling very badly. On April 21 the symptoms of malaise and depres- sion have mostly passed away, and the administration of the preserva- tive is again commenced, the quantity being one-fourth of a gram. This is increased on the 25th of April to one-half a gram and continues without change to May 1, inclusive. No noted distui'bances are pro- duced in the S3^stem during this last period of the administration of the preservative. The temperature on the 30th, the day preceding the last of the administration of the preservative, is almost normal, the pulsations likewise normal, and the Aveight of the bod}^ 50.8 kilograms. From May 2 to June 20, inclusive, one-half gram is given dail}^, except on May 4, May 13, and June 9, when none is given. Dur- ing this period the body conditions continue about in statu quo. There is one instance where the temperature rises a trifle above the normal during this period, but only for a short time. The weight of the body on the 2Tth of June is 50.6 kilograms. There is a slight febrile attack during the remaining three daj^s, which reaches quite a degree of inten- sity on the last day of observation, namely, June 29, when the tem- perature rises to 100.4° F. and the pulsations to 104 per minute. The result of these three days of illness, supervening upon almost a month of good health, is to reduce the final weight to 48.7 kilograms. A general summar}^ of the data of No. 14 would seem to indicate a slight tendency on the part of the preservative, though used in small quantities, to induce a feeling of depression, lack of appetite, and general malaise. This is indicated on several occasions, as before described, where it is not quite possible to connect these feelings with abnormal conditions due to other sources. In general, however, the data obtained on this subject are also unsatisfactory, owing to a rather low degree of vitality, a tendenc}^ to febrile excitement, and other conditions evidently not connected in any way with the preservative emplo3^ed. While the data which have been collected in the case of both No. 13 and No. 14 are not at all conclusive, and, as has been already stated, are in many respects indecisive, two general con- clusions may be drawn therefrom: First, that the effects of small doses of the preservative over an extended period are not manifest by any disturbance of a notable character; second, in so far as the disturbances noted can be attributed to the preservative they are of an unfavorable nature. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 87 BODY WEIGHTS. VARIATIONS IN BODY WEIGHTS. It is evident that any .serious interference with the digestive func- tions would eventually have an effect in either increasing or decreasing the weight of the body. If under the administration of the preserv- ative the digestive functions were more active and larger quantities of the nutritive elements of the food were absorl)ed and assimilated, the bod}' weight would increase. In like manner, if the preservative, upon entering the circulation, exerted a restraining force on the break- ing down of tissues already formed while not seriously interfering with the formation of new tissues, an increase in body weight would take place. On the other hand, if the preservative should interfere with the processes of digestion in the way of restricting or limiting the action of the digestive enz^'uies, or should hasten th(» ))reaking down of old tissues without materially increasing the rate of formation of new. there would be a loss in body weight. In order to determine the changes in weight, as has alread}' been intimated, the daily weight of the body, naked, was ascertained before dinner. These daily weights have been com])ined into one expression for each individual, representing the whole of the time cctvered b}^ the fore period, the preservative period, and the after period, respectively. These com- })ined weights are given in Tables XI and XII (pp. 95, 96), and they are also used in connection with the daily weights in the construction of a graphic representation of changes in weight. Series I. In Series I it is seen in the case of No. 1 that the average weight for the fore period is 71. C2 kilograms, for the preservative period 71.37 kilograms, and for the after period 71.64 kilograms. The mean weight for the three periods is 71.54 kilograms. In this case the change in weight is not marked, but there is an apparent tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the body weight. The average weight of No. 2 for the fore period is 71.89 kilograms, for the [)res('rvativc period 71, and for the after period 70.87, the aver- age weight for the whole series being 71.25 kilograms. In this case ther(; is again a tendency manifest on the part of the preservative to fliminish the body weight, but in a more marked degree than \n the case of No. 1, and there is no tcndencj'to recuperate this loss of weight after the preservative has been withdrawn. On the other hand, during the after pei'iod there is a still further (although slight) decrease in w(;ight. The data for No. 3 show his avc^rage weight in the fore period to be 5.">.'22 kilograms, in the preservative j^eriod 54.61, and in the after period 54.73, the m(!an foi" the; whole sei'ies being 54.85. In this 88 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. instance there is again a marked tendency on the part of the preser- vative to diminish the body weight and a slight tendency after the withdrawal of the preservative toward its restoration to the original weight. The average weight of No. 4 in the fore period is 65.62 kilograms, in the preservative period 64.71, and in the after period 64.04, while the mean for the series is 64.79 kilograms. In this case there is an apparent tendency shown on tlie part of the preservative to decrease the bod}^ weight, and this decrease continues during the after period. It must be borne in mind that the personality of Nos. 4 and 6 is not the same in Series I as in Series III and V, and the weights as given are those of the later members based upon the variations shown by the original Nos. 4 and 5. The average weight of No. 5 in the fore period is 73.71 kilograms, in the preservative period 74.20, and in the after period 75.39, the mean for the whole series being 74.43 kilograms. We find in this case a tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the body weight, and this tendency is still manifest after the withdrawal of the pre- servative, the weight continuing to rise during the after period. This increase, however, may possibly be due to the fact that the original No. 5 started in on the fore peribd with a larger ration than was normal with him, and it required an eflbrt on his part to eat the selected quantity throughout the series. The average weight of No. 6 in the fore period is 61.60 kilograms, in the preservative period 60.40, and in the after period 60.10, the mean for the whole series being 60.70. There is a marked loss in weight in this instance during the preservative period — in fact, the largest loss that is shown in the case of any of the six subjects. There is a still further loss, though not so marked, during the after period. In all the cases in Series I except No. 5 the administration of the preservative is attended with a loss of weight. This loss is not very marked except in the case of No. 6, but its uniform occurrence, with the exception above noted, is significant. That the administration of a preservative of this kind tends to diminish the body weight appears to be reasonable from the data at hand. It is evident, however, that it is not of universal applicability and that there may be instances, as indicated in the case of No. 5, where the administration of such a pre servative would tend to increase the body weight. In only three instances out of the six did the body weight show an increase after the withdrawal of the preservative, and one of these is in the case of No. 5, where the data are anomalous. In three instances, namely, Nos. 2, 4, and 6, the body weight continues to decrease after the withdrawal of the preservative. This fact might justify the conclusion that the loss in weight in these cases is not due to the preservative, because the decrease continues after the preservative is withdrawn. That this is BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 89 not a wholly justifiable conclusion, however, appears readily from the fact that by reason of the accumulative deportment of the preservative on its administration, tending to reach a maximum degree of tolera- tion in fhe body, several days elapse after the withdrawal of the pre- servative before its entire elimination. The word "entire" is used to indicate that practically all of the preservative has been eliminated, although in point of fact traces of it may persist for a longer period. The obvious conclusion from the above statement is that the after period is not of long enough duration to determine definitely the point in question, and this it is admitted is a just criticism of the method of investigation employed. It appears that it would have been more logical to have continued the after period for at least ten days after the practical elimination of the preservative from the body. Taking all these facts into view, it seems reasonable to suppose that the con- tinued decrease in weight in the instances mentioned may have been to some extent due, if not entirely, to the preservative used. In this case it is justifiable to conclude that when the healthy body is in a state of equilil)rium — i. e., neither gaining nor losing weight on a cer- tain diet — the administration of the boric acid in the (juantitiesand under the conditions described for Series I of the experiment tends to pro- duce a slight loss in the weight of the body. Series II. In the case of No. 7 in Series II the average body weight in the fore period is 50. 41 kilograms, in the preservative period 56.10, in the after period 55.72, and the mean for the whole series is 56.04 kilograms. In the supplementar}' preservative period, extending from Fe})ruary 16 to February 21, inclusive, No. 7 did not participate. We see in this case a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the bod\' weight. The average weight of No. 8 in the fore period is 06.77 kilograms, in the preservative period 05.36, in the after period 65.32, and the mean for the series is 65.82, the mean for the supplemental series being ('A.(')0 kilograms. In this case there is a marked tendency to diminish the body weight, and this t(!ndency continues during the supplementar}' preservative period. This loss in weight was doubtless due to a large extent to illness resembling the grippe, very prevalent in Washington at that time. No, 9 of Series 11 was replaced in Series IV by a larger man. The weights given an; therefore those of the new member, calculat(>(l on the basis of the variations of the original No. 9. The data for No. 9 show a loss in wciight during tin; preservative period of more than 1 kilo- gram. The tendency to dimirnition in weight contimies dvring the after period, as shown by the loss of 0.(»8 of a kilogram in weight. No. 9 only received the preservative; during the period extending from 90 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH, Januaiy 28 to January 31, inclusive. There is still a diminishing weight noticed during the supplementary preservative period, amount- ing to 0.98 of a kilogram. The general health of No. 9 is not of the best, as has already been noted, and therefore it is not altogether right to ascribe this progressive loss in weight entirely to the effect of the preservative. A part of it, or even all, may have been due to the general state of the health of the subject. With No. 10 there is scarcely any change in weight between the fore period and the preservative period. There is, however, a considerable loss in weight in the after period (during which, however, No. 10 was ill and absent most of the time) and a gain during the supplementary preservative period. This was probabl}^ due to the natural gain after illness. The data do not warrant the assumption that the loss of weight during the after period is in any wa}^ due to the action of the preservative. The other data in this case seem to show that the preservative prac- tically had no influence upon the body weight. A slight loss of weight is shown in the data of No. 11 in the preser- vative period (during a part of which, however, he received no pre- servative) and this decrease still continues during the after period, and, to a less extent, during the supplementary preservative period. These data seem to indicate a tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the body weight, but this effect may also be ascribed in part or in whole to ill health. A marked decrease in the weight of No. 12 is shown as the result of the preservative period (but the preservative was given only two-thirds of the time) and another very marked decrease during the after period. During the supplementary period there is a slight increase in the body weight. These data seem to show a marked influence on the part of the preservative to diminish the weight, continuing also during the after period when the preservative is withdrawn. On the other hand, under the continued administration of the boric acid in the supplementary period there is a slight gain, showing either that this continued administration is neutral in its effects or that it tended to produce an increase in weight. The data in this case are not consistent, and equal consideration should be given to all the indications. In every instance in Series II there is a loss of weight during the administration of the preservative as compared with the fore period. In every instance, also, there is a loss of weight during the after period as compared with the preservative period. In three cases during this series there is a loss of weight during the supplementary preservative period as compared with the after period. In two instances there is a gain of weight in the sui^plementary period. The data, therefore, of this series are contradictory, and too much consideration must not be given to data of this character. We can only appl}^ here the rule of evidence maintained in courts of justice, namely, that where con- BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 91 tnuiictoiT evidence is oivcn the verdict should be in harmony with the preponderance of evidence. Judged by this rule, therefore, it is concluded from the data of Series II that the administration of the preservative tends in a slight degree to diminish the body weight. Series III. In the case of No. 1 in Series III there is a slight diminution in weight during the preservative period and a marked increase during the after period. The data of No. 2 exhibit an element of uncertainty, by reason of the occurrence of illness, which caused irregularity in the administra- tion of the preservative. There is a marked loss of weight in the pre- servative period and a slight gain during the after period in this case. The data for No. H show that there is a very slight loss of weight in the preservative period and a more marked loss during the after period. With No. 4 there is a slight gain of weight noted during the pre- servative period and a marked loss during the after period. No. 5 shows a slight gain in weight during the preservative period and a slight loss during the after period. In No. 6 we find an irregularit}^ introduced into the data by reason (jf the illness of the subject and the irregularity in the administration of the preservative. There is a very marked loss of weight in the pre- servative period in this case and a slight gain in the after period. Taken as a whole, it is seen that in Series III there is a loss of weight in four cases out of six during the preservative period. There is a gain in weight in three cases during the after period. Considered collectively, therefore, it is noticed that, although in a less marked degree than in Series I, there is a tendency manifest on the part of the preservative to diminish the body weight. Series IV. In the case of No. 7 there is an interruption in the data by reason of the fact that at the beginning of the second preservative subperiod the subject resigned his position in the Department of Agriculture and removed from the city. The data in this case, therefore, are given only to cover from March 28 to April 1, inclusive. It is noted that (hiring this period there is a slight increase in the weight of the body. In the case of No. 8 there is a marked decrease in weiglit during i lie administration of the preservative, and the rate of decrease* coii- iinues in the same marked manner through the after period, the change being almost 1 kilogiam in tlic lirst instance and a little more than 1 kilogram in the second. With No. there is also a progr(!ssive decrease in weight, aniounling to 0.72 of a kilogrfim during llie pi-cservativ(^ pcn-iod sind lo O.To of a kilogram in the after period. 92 INFLUENCE OP FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. No. 10 shows a decrease of about three-fourths of a kilogram in weight in the preservative period and over eight-tenths of a kilogram during the after period. No. 11 shows a very notable decrease in weight, amounting to 1.51 kilograms in the preservative period and a slight decrease during the after period. This was doubtless due to illness, which also occasioned the withdrawal of the preservative during five days of the preservative period. The data for No. 12 show a loss of weight amounting to almost 0.8 of a kilogram during the preservative period, due chiefly, if not entirely, to illness, and a slight increase in weight during the after period. In every instance in this series, excepting the incomplete data for No. 7, there is a loss of weight attending the administration of the preservative. In four cases out of five there is a continued loss of weight during the after period, and in only one case is there an increase in weight at the end of the after period. The conclusions which can be drawn from these data are subject to the same restrictions as attach to those based upon the data of Series II. A marked variation from what might be expected is seen in the continued deci'ease of weight during the after period. In a strictly logical discussion of the data in this series the progres- sive decrease in weight could not be attributed solely, if at all, to the action of the preservative, by reason of the fact that it is continued in all but one case after the preservative is withdrawn. When, however, the data are viewed in the light already alluded to in the previous dis- cussion, it is seen that there is reasonable ground for belief in this series also that the administration of the preservative tends, although in only a slight degree, to decrease body weight. Series V. In the case of No. 1 in Series V there is a loss of nearly one-half a kilogram in the preservative period, which is nearly all regained dur- ing the after period. The data for No. 2 show that there is a loss of about three-fourths of a kilogram in the preservative period and a much more marked loss, amounting to over 1^ kilograms, in the after period. By reason of illness No. 2 did not receive any preservative after June 11. No. 3 shows a distinct gain in the preservative period and a return during the after period to almost exactly the weight of the fore period. The data in tlie case of No. 3, as will be seen, are of a contrary nature to those of No. 1. On account of removal from the city the data in the case of No. 4 are fragmentary, being only partial for the preservative period and BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 93 none at all for the after period. The data ol)tained, however, show a distinct loss in weight during the administration of the preservative. The data for No. 5 show a progressive loss of weight througliout the series, amonnting to a])out H kilograms in the preservative period and almost If kilograms in the after period. No. 6 shows a ver}' great loss of weight in the preservative period, which continues during the after period. Although to some extent contradictor}^, the data, as a whole, of the iifth series, when interpreted by the rule of evidence already set forth, show a distinct tendenc}^ on the part of the preservative to diminish the body weight. The fact that this tendency, in most cases, continues throughout the after period has already been elucidated. Full weight must be given to any valid objections to interpretation of data of this kind in relation to the effect of the preservative upon weight, it seems, however, that after due consideration of all these valid objec- tions the conclusion can be established with a preponderating weight of evidence in this series that there is a marked tendency on the part of the preservative, when given in small quantities but continued over a great length of time, to diminish the body weight. Averages of Body Weights, by Periods. Having now discussed the influence of the preservative upon the body weights individuall}', it remains to bring into one expression the data of all the members, not onl}^ of each series, but for the entire time of the observation. This summary includes the weights given in the tables, although some of them were made at times when the subjects were slightly ill and when the administration of the preservative had been suspended. Such data, however, were eliminated in the graphic representations of body weights which follow. Beginning with Series I we find that by combining the body weights of the individuals we have the general average for the fore period of W.i'>i kilograms, for the preservative period 66.05 kilograms, and for the after period 66.13 kilograms. The mean loss of weight of the subjects during the administration of thepreservative is .560 grams, and the mean gain of weight during the after period is 80 grams. This Hummar}' shows that the tendency of the preservative is to decrease weight, and that this tendency is checked and a slight upward movement started duiing the after period. In Series II the mean weight of the subjects during the fore period is 65.04 kilograms, during the prcs- H.C.G. No. 6— E. M.S. .Aver- age. .-cries I: Fore period (Dec. 8 to Dee. 21, 1902) . I'reserviitive period (Dec. 22, 1902, to Jan. 3, 1903) Kilos. 71. 62 71.37 71.64 Kilos. 71.89 71.00 70.87 Kilos. 55.22 54.61 54.73 Kilos. 65.62 64.71 "64.04 Kilos. 73.71 74.20 75.39 Kilos. 61.60 60.40 60.10 Kilos. 66.61 66.05 .\fter period (Jan. 4 to Jan. 13, 1903). 66.13 71. .54 71.25 54.85 64.79 74. 43 60.70 Series HI: Fore period (Feb. 19 to 27, 1903)... Preserviitivc periotl (Feb. 28 to Mar. 11, 1903) 72. 89 72. 65 73.23 71.74 70.40 70. 72 57.03 .56. 97 56.34 65.62 65.68 ()4.88 73.71 73.78 73.36 61.21 59.72 60. 29 67.03 66.63 .\fter r>eriod (.Mar. 12 to 19, 1903) .. 66.47 72. 92 70. 95 .56. 78 65. 39 73.61 60.41 Series V: Fore period (Apr. 24 to May 1, 1903). I'reservative period (May 2 to Iun»-20. 1903) After [>eriod (June 21 to June 29, iy03) 73.81 73.38 73.74 72. 23 71.50 70. IH .50. (u; .56.18 55. 63 66. 15 ''W..50 75. 87 74.. 53 72.85 62.13 60.33 58.68 67.64 66.77 66. 93 73.64 71.30 55.82 65. 33 74.42 60. 38 Average lor entire experiment.. 72.70 71.17 65.82 65.30 73.96 60.50 'I Bi-KiniiinK' with the third series Nos. 4 and 5 were rejilaced with other men. Data are calculated loick on variations of ori«iiial .Vos. 1 and 5. ''.S'o wei(;lits for tliis man after May 27. 96 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XII. — Average weights of subjects for Series II and IV. Period. No. 7— E.R.M. No.8— J.H.E. No. 9— A. G. No. 10— W. J. J. No. 11— J.S.C. No. 12— B. J. T. Aver- age. Series II: Fore period (Jan. 19 to Jan. 27,1903; Preservative period (Jan. 28 to Feb 10. 1903) Kilos. 56.41 56.10 55.72 Kilos. 66.77 65.36 65.32 Kilos. 70.40 68.77 68.69 Kilos. 67. 94 67.85 a 67. 30 Kilos. 66.40 66.05 65.64 Kilos. 62. -63 61.73 60.40 Kilos 65.04 04. 31 After period (Feb. 11 to Feb. 15, 1903) 63. C5 56.04 65.82 69.29 67.70 66.02 61. 49 Supplementary preservative period (Feb 16 to Feb. 21, 1903) & 64.65 C67.71 d67.66 65.44 60.59 64.60 Series IV: Fore period (Mar. 20 to Mar. 27, 1903) 55.18 e 55. 36 64.71 63.88 62.74 70.40 69.68 68.98 67.56 66. 80 65.96 67.08 65.57 65.18 61.43 60.64 60.76 64.39 Preservative period (Mar. 28 to Apr 14 1903) 63.66 After period (Apr. 15 to Apr. 22, 1903) 63.16 Average for series 55.27 63.78 69.69 66.77 65.94 60.94 Average for entire experiment.. 56.68 64.75 70.00 67.38 65.80 61.01 a Weighed only on two days. b No weights taken for No. 7. c Beginning with the fourth series. No. 9 was replaced with another man. Data calculated back on variations of original No. 9. fi No. 10 received no preservative in the supplementary series, and his weight should not enter into the average. eNo. 7 dropped out of experiment on April 1. Graphic Representation. It seems that a better illustration of the actual changes in weight produced during the continuation of the experimental work can be secured graphically. To this end the daily variations have been platted in the accompanying charts (figs. 2-7), and the mean weights for each of the periods of each series have been determined. This has been done for each individual under observation and also for each series of observations as a whole. Finally, the means of all the series have been combined into a general expression representing the means of the entire experiment. The data which have been used in calculating these graphic lines are not exactly the same as those which have just been discussed in connection with the variation in weights. There have been excluded from the graphic illustration all the data which in themselves were not reasonably complete. In each series only those members of the table have been compared whose weights were taken throughout the entire series, including the fore, preservative, and after periods. For this reason the data as a whole for Series 11 arc excluded because in no instance in these cases was there any individual who completed entirely the whole series. In the case of Series I the data are complete for all members. In the case of Series III the data are complete for four members only. In the case of Series II the data are not complete for any one person, but the graphic representa- tion of the variations in weight is given for the fore period and the preservative period. These data are, however, not used in any of the BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 97 summaries. In the case of Series IV tlie data for weights are com- plete only in three instances. In Series V there are only three com- plete sets of data extending- over the whole period. In each case the summary for each series includes only those individual data which are complete for the whole series. The dailj' variations in each case are represented by the broken line. The figures given on the left-hand side of the chart are the weights in kilograms, while those across the top are the da3-s of tlie month. The weight for each day is marked ' DECEMBER 1 JANUARY 1 1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ?9 30 31 12 3 4-56789 10 II 12 13 14 I N9| N?3 N?5 P OS 72 71 72 71 55 54 58 57 56 54 53 52 62 61 60 67 66 it ! FORE PERIOD : 1 PRESE ^V/ TIV E F ER OD ^ TTi :r PERlOp 71 72 71 55 54 58 57 56 54 53 52 62 61 60 67 66 is £5 N?2 N$3 N?4 NSS is t 1 .-- "'. u_ .-- , ■~--i ^^^ ^ h'' ■■■■■ — " ^"^ ^^^ ^ ^--- r-- ^-. ■-■■' ■•-- ■^ L .-.. "~--. .,-- __ ;^ ,-. — -- ^ _ ' — — — — ~ —5 — .. — - -^ ■- ._ — ' "^ ■" — T ~ ... .— L— •^' ~-- L... ,, ---■ — ■ -^ ^■"^ """ ~ ,'' .— L-, --- ■-,. ■- ill ''- .^ _ ,,- ^ ^"^ ■" ..- .... AVERAOE _ 1 1 1 1 1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 II 12 13 14 | DECEMBER I JANUARY 1 Fig. 2.— Daily and average body weights for Series I. on the vertical line for that day. Tlie number of days, therefore, in each period of the series is represented by the number of spaces included betwe(!n (li(^ vertical lines. Each horizontal line represents I kilogram of weight. In oi'der that a more (Uilinitc reprcisentation of the total variation between the ditferent periods of the s(;ries might be brought out, a heavy dai'k lino representing the mean of the variations shown by the broken liru; has been inserted. 4242— No. H4, pt 1—04 7 98 IT^FLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Stud}^!!^ now the individual data of Series 1 (fig. 2) it is seen at once that there is a slight decrease in the weight of No. 1 during the pre- servative period, while during the after period the increase in weight is almost exactly equivalent to the loss during the preservative period, so that the mean weight for the after period is the same as that for the fore period. In the case of No. 2 there is a loss of almost a kilogram in weight during the preservative period, and an additional loss of about 200 grams during the after period. In the case of No. 3 a marked loss is shown during the preservative period, which is partly regained during the after period. In the case of No. 4 there is a progressive loss from the fore period to the after period, inclusive. In the case of No. 5 we have the exact reversal of the data for No. 4. There is in this case a progressive gain. A later investigation showed JANUARY 1 FEBRUARY 19 20 21 2Z 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 N?7 UJ £ SO 10 NS|0 57 56 62 61 68 67 •s 3< 5g FC RE PE RIO D P =iES ER yAT VE PE RIO 3 57 56 62 61 68 67 is m7 UJ £^ gl IS N?tO -^ =^ -^ ill::; ==^ .._ \ ■"■ " ■~-- _„ ^ ^ "" "~^ ,--'' -- "^ "^ 'P'~' — avei^age: 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 11 JANUARY 1 FEBRUARY II Fig. 3. — Daily and average body weights for Series II. that No. 5 was probably not receiving full and nutritious rations at the beginning of the experimental work. He lived in somewhat restricted surroundings and apparently without the abundant supplies of food which are usually found at the disposal of young men. This fact in the invironment is an important one in the consideration of this pro- gressive increase in weight in his case. In the case of No. 6 there is a progressive loss of weight extending through the whole series. Collecting all the expressions of Series I into a common graphic representation it is seen that there is a considerable loss of weight attending the administration of the preservative, and that this loss is partly restored during the after period. If we should exclude, how- ever, the data of No. 5 it is evident that there would still have been a loss of weight during the after period. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 99 In Series III (tig. 4) we tiud in the case of No. 1 a slight loss of weight during the administration of the preservative, which is, however, more than regained during the after period. In the case of No; 3 there is a very slight decrease of weight during the preservative period, amounting only to a few grams. There is, however, a very marked loss of weight manifested during the after period. FEBRUARY I MARCH 11 19 ?0 21 22 23 ?4 ?b Z6 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 i N«l IRS N?4 N?5 is \i 74 73 72 57 56 66 65 74 73 67 r> Z ! 1 FORE PERIOD FfRESEF^ VA" 'ivq PI RIC D / FT :ripe RIO D 74 73 72 57 56 66 65 74 73 67 i i 3 N?l N?3 N?4 N?5 is ~""^i-J 1 -^ 1 ^ iiii 1 *v — - .--- ~~~^ T^ :nr .^_ ■"^ — — . — — .^ _,, ^ -, — --^ ■"" ■"- — " — 1 _^ :!. ■~"'. _ ^■^ ■^ :zr ^ 7^ '^^ -^ — - ^ — .... "■■" ■~ ■"^ ^^ _ _, ._^ - ■' J t-*— ' "^ __ "^ --,_ — '"- __ L_ — ~ ~" AVERAGE 1 , 19 20 21 22 23 24 ?5 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 FEBRUARY I MARCH || Fig. 1.— Daily and average body weights for Series III. The case of No. 4 is somewhat anomalous. There is a very slight increase of weight shown in this instance during the preservative period, while a quite distinct loss takes place in the after period. No, 5 also shows a very slight increase in weight during the pre- servative; p(!riod, but during the after period this is more than offset by a decrease of about 400 grains. (V>mbining the four expi'cssions of Series III w<'- note a very slight loss of weight during tiie presei'vative period — a loss, in fact, almost 100 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. inappreciable — and a slightly increased loss during the after period. The weights, however, in all four instances when brought together in a general expression show but little change during the progress of the experiment. In the case of Series lY, No. 8, there is a marked loss of weight during the preservative period and a somewhat greater loss during the after period. (See fig. 5.) In the case of No. 9 the same observation may be made, though the losses are not so great as in the case above mentioned. No. 10 also shows a regulai'ly graded loss, it being almost the same in the after period as in the preservative period. 1 MARCH 1 APRIU JO 21 ?2 23 24 25 26 ?7 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 ID II 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 NS6 ii 65 64 63 71 70 69 68 67 66 68 67 66 If TOF !EF ER OD P RE ER w VE PE ^10 3 / FT :r PE ?10 3 31 '1 65 64 63 71 70 69 68 67 66 68 67 66 ^i N?9 N?IO 1 __ ^ \ ^-'' — X "^ -" ""- — -' ---I -. _^ " -■-^ . — ■ N __ — T .^ ^ ^^ ,.^ "^ ~ '~ ~ ~' ^ ■"^ ' "-- ,,_ ,. '" — -. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ AVERAGE 1 1 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 1 MARCH 1 APRIL 1 Fig. 5.— Daily and average body weights for Series IV. Combining the three expressions into one we find a progressive loss of weight, being almost exactly the same in the after period as in the preservative period. In the case of Series V (fig. 6) the preservative period extended over a space of fifty days. The vertical lines, therefore, in this chart repre- sent two days instead of one through all the periods of the series. In the case of No. 1, Series V, there is a slight loss of weight shown during the preservative period, which is almost exactly regained during the after period. In the case of No. 3 contrary data are shown. There is a slight increase of weight during the preserv^ative period, which disappears entirely during the after period. In the case of No. 5 there is a very marked loss of weight during the preservative period and an equall}^ marked additional loss during the after period. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 101 Combining the three expressions of Series V into one, we find a slight loss of weight during the preservative period and an additional slightly greater loss of Aveight during the after period. It now remains to combine into a single expression the average weights, b}" periods, for all the series. The length of the line for each period merely approximates the usual length of that period. APRIL 1 MAY 1 JUNE 1 ?5 27 29 1 3 5 7 9 II 13 15 17 19 21 23 ?5 ^'' ?9 31 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 26 30 | N?l N?3 N?5 1^ 1 74 73 57 56 55 76 75 74 73 68 67 i FDRE PERlOp f're3erJva'(ive P^RIO D /> FTE =i P^Rl(*lD 2 i g 74 73 57 56 55 76 75 74 73 68 67 g N?l N93 N?5 |> r- ^ . _, ~-^ 1 — '. J . ':^ ' — ' ***" iiii, 1 ^ i 1 ^ "^ ■"- -"' --- r-" •---. L..., .^__ u--- ^ -V ■-- .^ ..■ -- V / j .1^ __'r' ■^ ~~ ■' ' \ i_j 1 ■"* '-. — \ .-- N t ■— —' ""^ ■^ '^ 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 i ,, \»rr MIT AVERAGE 1 25 27 29 1 3 5 7 9 II 1} 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 2 4 6 8 10 12 (4 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 APRIL 1 MAY 1 JUNE Fig. 6. — Daily and average body weights for Series V. Studying now the expressions as a whole for Series 1, III, IV, and V (fig. 7) it is seen that there is a loss of weight amounting to about 500 grams during the preservative periods and an additional loss of weight amounting to about 400 grams for the after periods. The evidence, therefore, which is thus accunudated throughout the whole series of 2 68 §67 o 266 68i 67 i o 66^ FORE PERIOD PRESERVATIVE PERIOD AFTER PERIOD Fir;. 7. — fioiieral average of Ijody \v(!iglitH for entire experiment, iiHilniliiiK Series I, HI, IV, and V. oljservatioiis aj)poars ivasonably convincing and shows that the use of borax and boric; acid in the (juantities and in the manner described terids to produce a slight dcntrc^ase in the weight of the body. This tendency to decrease is also a continuing one, in ,so far as the period of 102 INi^LUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. about ten days immediately following the cessation of the administra- tion of the preservative is concerned. This is not a matter of surprise when it is remembered that it requires from three to five days or longer after the administration ceases to eliminate the boric acid which has been accumulated in the system. Further than this, the condi- tions produced by the administration of the preservative which have caused the loss of weight are not at once removed. For these reasons the failure to regain the lost weight during the after period can not be cited as satisfactor}^ evidence to show that the loss of weight during the preservative period was not due to the administration of the pre- servative in question. On the other hand, the continued loss of weight during this brief after period appears to be strong corroborative testi- mony showing the tendency of the preservative to reduce the weight of the bod3^ Nor should the fact that there are many contradictory data established in the course of the observations be cited as a reason for diminished confidence in the general results. The character of the environment which almost necessarily produces these discordant data has been sufficiently set forth. It therefore appears to be justifiable to accept these general expressions of the average data as reasonably correct and sufficiently established to warrant the conclusion derived therefrom. The further fact that the losses in weight which are noted are much less than those which have been pointed out by some other observers should not be allowed to throw discredit upon the general value of the work. The conditions of experiment vary so in different countries and with different experimenters that the reaching of results of different magnitude or even of results of opposite character should not cast discredit upon the investigation. RATIO OF FOOD WEIGHT TO BODY WEIGHT. The weight of food consumed during each day and its ratio to the weight of the body form one factor in determining the effect of any added preservative upon the digestion. This index alone would be of little value, but taken in connection with the others which have been obtained it is useful. This ratio is also of interest in connection with the general subject of nutrition, as determining the quantity of food consumed in proportion to the weight of the body, apart from the effect of the preservative. Table XIII gives the quantities of food consumed by Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, the subjects under examination during the fore period of Series I, from December 8 to December 22, 1902. The daily weight of each food is given in detail, the average of each kind of food for the period, and the ratio for each kind of food for the period under observation. The total weight of food consumed for the period is also given in each case, as well as the ratio of that weight to the average weight of the body for the time covered. The ratio in each BORIC ACID AND BOKAX. 103 case is deteniiined b\' dividing- the weight of tiie food eaten by the weight of the bod}'; for convenience in comparison this ratio is nmUi- plied by lOO (thus becoming a percentage). The table gives in sufli- cient detail the ratios of the diti'erent kinds of food used, while for the purposes of comparison the ratio of the total weight of food to the weight of the body, as indicated above, is determined. It will not be ■ necessarv to go extensively into detail, inasmuch as Table XIII itself will give all the particulars that are necessary. For illustration, how- ever, it may be well enough to call attention to the summary in the case of No. 1 for the fore period of the first series. The average weight of No. 1 for the entire fore period is 71.62 kilos. He ate an average of 285 grams of soup per day. The total weight of soup consumed during the fourteen da3's was 3,984 grams, which is 5.56 per cent of his average weight. Of fish, eaten only on five days, the average (luantit}' consumed is 110 grams, the total weight consumed 547 grams, which is 0.763 per cent of the total weight of the bod3^ The average quantity of riieat consumed each day is 148 grams, the total amount consumed 1,879 grams, equivalent to 2.63 per cent of the weight of the ))ody. The average daily consumption of vegetables is 310.2 grams, the total quantity consumed 4,342.5 grams, equivalent to ♦i.07 per cent of the weight of the body. The average quantity of breakfast cereals consumed is 21 7 grams, the total quantity consumed 3,049 grams, equivalent to 4.26 per cent of the weight of the body. The average quantity of bread consumed is 280 grams, total quantity consumed 3,!»22 grams, equivalent to 5.47 per cent of the weight of the l)ody. The average quantity of butter consumed is 48 gframs, total fjuantity 669 grams, equivalent to 0.933 per cent of the weight of the body. The average (quantity of sugar consumed is 52.6 grams, total cjuantity 736 grams, equivalent to 1.028 per cent of the weight of the body. The average (juantity of water consumed is 245 grams, total 1.47o gi-ams, equivalent to 2.052 per cent of the weight of the bod3^ The average quantity of milk consumed is 1,324 grams, total quantity consumed 18.542 grams, equivalent to 25.89 per cent of the weight of the body. The average quantit}' of dessert consumed is 184 grams, total quantity 2,571 grams, equivalent to 3.59 per cent of the weight of the })ody. Th(! total weight of food consumed during the fourteen days is 41,766.5 grams, ('(juivalent to 58.31 per cent of the weight of the body, or per day 4.17 per cent of tin; weight of the body. The otlici- data of the table will not be d('scril)ed in detail, except to call attc'iition to the gen(!ral daily avei-ages. In the case of No. 2 the food daily consumed is 3.98 percent of the weight of the ))ody; in the crvutive >iiltperiods and in Table XVII the; figures for the after 104 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. period. From the data given in these tables are obtained the average ratios for each of these periods and for the whole of Series I, as follows: Per cent. Fore period - 4. 20 Preservative period 4. 22 After jDeriod ^ 4.21 Average for series 4. 21 It would be interesting to give the data of this nature for the other series, but it is thought that those which are here submitted are suf- ficient for illustration and that it is not necessary to take further space to record these daiW observations. The general average given above shows a consumption of food each da}^ on the part of the individuals under observation during the periods covered by the first series, including thirt3^-six days, equivalent to 4.21 per cent of the daily weight of their bodies. The greater part of the food weight consists in the coffee, milk, and water consumed and in the water present in the solid foods. It is interesting to know, however, about what weight of food is taken into the stomach daily, and these data fully illustrate that point. If we assume that the aver- age healthy young man eats an amount of food equivalent to 4.21 per cent of his own weight each da}^, it is seen that it would require nearly twenty-four da3's for him to eat a weight of food equivalent to the weight of his body. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 105' ^ -> — — ,^.sir~^ ooiao 1 -rf,-! 1 =5 , ^ 3 — t- — t- '3^ .^"i oi o X r^ oi t^ *■; lO ■j^ .-HtO ^ a g '>r f. c K fi ^' .ii = 5 X -O « rS M C-l ~1 M C-l ^> "M ~'. ~'_ lf6 ~ ^ _- _■ -T _" _" _- — " — — — — " — —■ — " .-rcc c^ 1 ~ 6 so • .^ >■ ^ .iOOO»COOiCOOO»COOO -oo cc ■ t: si bo i?;siig?i??[::S2;fg^:ISS gg o 3 ^ CQ ^ "1 g j^ o t- « ;2 1 ;-5-y5.<-. r.»-^0-^Ci.— 'C^.-H»flO^ 2S! t~ xx^m^J^oSSiuofcoxosj XC-I 'C ~ ?i « ?i ~i ?) ?i c^ oi c< Ti «> ^ " " ^ Ci lO i- « 1 ^ /i .»-i>3>iOO«00000000 t^S -o ao "3 WXWO^^jOirt^^S^^l^'" l?33 1: 1 2 c ^ 6 6 /T, .iCOOOOOOOOOOOOO C^iC s 319. 391. 220. 353. 181. 301. 362. 305. 401. 392. 263. 232. 250. S8'> coco o >5 6 -.1^ . -1 » rt .-1 — . ic r- -.a -- o 1^ • '5 S 2.=^ CO ^oJi-J-TCCOTri^^OC^rH ;0»X "'l? o — r-. X '^i 5 5 I t-i 3 5 : • • • O^ • c-i • • '. '.t:~ '.V Ot~ cc £ 2^ : : :^ : :r: . ■ . .«. .1- ;^3 iS 5 • d £ 5 : sliiiiiimii^i ■5 i > !»X 5 1 OT X s"i ^ ?! ?. n 3 i; S S-^ 5 ?i 3 S 'J ?J ^, ■ 3 i bcS- i r^ ai i~ t~ K F- r- 1» r- 1» t» t- 1^ r- 1~ f t~ ;^'C k 1 : : a> be « -^ 4) Ci ^ o. : a* 0. <*! ! ! ^ ts i \ : : 2-2 .S ; ; : i;^ 3 i X Ci O.-HC' is 01 f ./i-i Jl-OI j<3>9. _; C .^-^ -ell .4-1 o ^ 106 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. 00 ^^ rv] -^ m ,_( 1 •& i Cj" CO « Cb iCM SS M :iO^0diOCM0CC0C?OOOOOC-l % C5 K '.'.'■'•'• \ '■'•'■'•'■'■'• '■ Tt< CN OlO to "^XM CO CO 03 ^ o : ' (N 00 05 ^ S ^ bjo e 1 ^ cc Cb t^.-l ro +^ o m CS TfM -^f" c^oo lO e CO m C 05 01 o 1 1 T-ilO . i« (S 010 in CO ^ ^« oj g^^^^ ^^^^^^ q; e 5 ^, ^ CO o ox CO A t> S e o & 'j=cr P. acOCOCOCOrHC-) P P tX) s O ^t- P^ ^ ci 1, IS t< » o o^ ■ TtTtHoo HTt^Tt^OOOiCOl-^OT-* I OOtH i-l CM T-t M iH hOr^ coT-t!ricooocnir3T-i:o o o 00 = 50 00000 - T(< ci CO ^ cOOi 3! t-l COTt-'*LOiOiocoiOLOvr:MOioio cS giHr-lTpOOt— (iHi-HCNIC^(M'MC^(MtM 6 CO ^ lOC^ c-q gT-ICOC^ Cb oo into CO to 00 03 C T-i S ^ ^ .'o on CO— 1 CO .a rH ■^ e o P^ C5 cqc^ (M p. KCv1C0 03 fl a> bo • a. Is IN CD . . ; ; ,o p tH Oo 03 <1H rt a5oJOl-I(NCO'3 00 05 O r-H O O) ft 1 g oi o |2 . +j ^ bi ^ a> o ^ .2 8 ■i^: ^ O o3 t^ O ^ bjOO ^ .iij'.s (1) o o*S HHft i S . iH 00 OOrH Oi 00 CO rH 3iMi-ICOOT-io siococoocan-^oO'^oa • OiOOOOOOOO SiOaO'^irSiOOOvOLO ^lOCOCD-^rjicOCO'^Tt* ;(MCO(N(MCMC^rH(M(M -OOOiOOsOOOO •^oo-^cooici- g tH r-l -^ (N rH T 3 O lO lO lO lO O i-H 00 Oi i-H -^ O Oi lO CD 00 OS .OiOiOO'^DCOi— lOiCOOO scr^OOsiOOiCOOiOC^ .OOOiOOOiOOfM =oodr^ooic^Oi-H W O CO C^ i-H* 1-1 r-i 1-4 -~i to CO CO ^ CO CO OOOiOiHCNCO'^iOCO BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 109 O » iQ M O f-H X X o t^ £ O O u1 o ri la c> ci ri M C-l 04 W h? I CM o 5 so » M •* O ?! ii j< 5 ^ o gSS^g <0 -C •£ -5 -2 i; N !>-* SC t~M n OQ , , o ^ bB 'e s '^ £ " -5 iz; • 50 --' ^ S °^^ s :s-. !2; '^ y. Grams. 200 165 192 70 175 OCl C^ ■3 « s : 00 . X » X X 00 aocO CC =C CC CC a ;io iS Ol C^ M M 03 1 00 g "3 IK gilBS : 5 ■ 5 ; 00 c-ix 5 .a 1;; : :i II S 1 «■ CS M iC rt ox ?! 6 -.0 -I* Weight, stripped. Kilos. 71.64 71.69 71.67 71.40 71.58 =3; • lO • I- '• 9> 1 i ?i?s a 7;?if, u ; t a; r^ -H 50 ^-CC CO o o * 110 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. .OiO 5 IM OiO OC-J IM o oo O d § . 00 C<1 -M Oi 'M X CO CO CO T-! CO fi IM O O O O § rH rH'i-r ,-r OViOS «3 a5 (D o o - " - of a; i »§§ggg gcn^cooio 1 11 (M" CO CO CO .lOiCOOO £ GO rH lO CO I> *^ COGOiC CO I> OO ^ CO CO O . lO lO lO iCiO CO g (M IM CO Ol IM 1 oco IMCO ^ "3 .OO O OCD X> lO iC. lO iC O 58 tH C^ i OS 60—' .ooooo c 5 COO T-H Ol COiC' CO IM 1 to o coo CO i 1 e s p. 1 W Ol CO IC. O i-H fi O ^ O Ol O g (M CM ^I O) C-1 <5 O3 00 S3 60 1^ ■53 .& i-H '^ o o o •S i> t^ i^ i> t~ (M ft 1 c a §c s If: cs IM a < ) c i- a 6 a c t- C c (5 ) a c • i 5 rH O: (U >H I— 1 OS O o o CO i o ib t^o S02 O^O) CO S 6 it! gCOOOrHCOi-H (MiO o> oj 60- e S .oinooiT OO c^i 1 IM S s m Qs rHlO O. j 1 g CO CO CO CO c^ coc- . CO S e ! w Ci i .oooocr O c 1 CO a> e '^ a .OiOlOOO o-- a) aj 0)^ >5 C3 .OOOO OOC ■* ■^ r-ICC e S 6 c/= 1- OO a- « i-^ r- s fL, Qi OCC S cs lO lO O lO OC CO 60 P. 5 ira u^' -*■ ■* ^ ;^ lO lO lO lO i^ ►< ^ 0) 6c o3 fl QJ o; P< C3 P § rv ir J3 _o oj O o p BORIC ACID AND BORAX. Ill Orams. 200 165 195 170 100 Si Condi- ments. Grams. o oo 1 s ipiii o o a 1 i 1 : '; s .o ooo o X o o o o o g i-~ -r X 'T CO S iC CO Sugar. • Grams. 13 26 2g ■M 00 . o as o o -js 00 O O -^ CO I> ft 1 CO 1 2SlS*l SI ig Cereals. Grams. 150 150 150 150 150 gl 2 CCiO o i — ^ o Fish. Grams. g gg CI 1 I''"'''"'' ox S3 S : 5 : ^ ^■6 II ^ '.i S S S * i 1 1 I !? J? l-lT i? 1 2 1 J > > '■^ .a 0) o ^ OS Orams. 200 165 192 170 175 OOI »-H O si 61 s ■ o '■ oo S . O X X C^ CO =o CO a) . iC iC iC iC iC 1 6) % 1 pq f'' 11 in "3 .o oooo oo lO lO »^ lO lO g (N M C^ C^I C-l 1 ii ci >3 5 ■^1 ^ IS gggSg 88 2 i o o 88 i^ ooocoireo.-i MO 1 . Weight, stripped. Kilos. 52.42 52.45 52.27 .52.65 52.64 o : 1 1? i? Mir ? 'J C IS p: > 5 H flj O sio g^-j S? 112 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEfiVATIVES ON HEALTH. Gi'ams. 200 165 192 180 176 00 OS ° 1 i 5 ; OO CO o M § .CO.-I00010 »l>r-l>iO00 B 1—1 1^ g «5 lO TI> 'al Tf S 03 CO o .ooooo CO •TT' OOOO gCOCOOTCOCO e ooo coS CO loi "3 i c 11 OO i-iCO CO £ -T^) CS C^ ggggg : OO -^ CO -HiO 02 a s 1 03 g OO o> p. 5 e/ en CO o a 03 ■2 3 CO - lO lO i^ lO iCO OO-* TJI OS CM u CD "S m a OI O) .oooo coo OO O gcocococo OO OO 00 CO "3 S o 1 lOO OI o o 41 .lOiCOO 03O4 OSOO) gcocococo S :^ C3 2S§ coco .OOOO » CJ 00 (M O) OO CO 1 03 lOin o o 02 Ji o o o o g Ol OJ CS Ol bo) OlOO t— ( ^1 lOlOlOO c^ I— 1 (M Ol ^ o ^ ^- ^ ^• CO 04 04 CD OJ c- c 1 c 5 58 :>0 -ICO a i 5^ i i I 1 i c p 3 BORIC ACID AND BORA.X. 113 2 [3 § •5-§ 5 3 i C5 ^ ?i fc fc ri i5 CO si 6 ^ - - o s ' 1 s s 02 25 »4 1 §1 S 1 . t~ ec c-i o e ooo o ■^ =c-|?g| gl U5 M IS 11 s & S si §p 00 s J ?, gs (N c C5 ii Id r'25? , s s 1 if ■{ 7 ? 1 < £ C ^ 0) O 5^ <« O h oc'5 .lit o -^ COM c5 s-< •c-^ s u 3 C6 - »; o o o o OO lO gccco-^ o CS g H 1^""" ""*'— rt' tt .<:><=i<^ coo CO a> s ci '■^ ■^ i-H -Ji 00 be CO "" i-iin rH cq CD O—l ^_, "S e - ■M as C5 .o oc OO ^, 33 V a) o ^ .lOOiClC rHf iC o^ >^ s-i Orams. 175 204 200 194 COCO CO p . CO 00 00 00 CO CO CO coco go) CM C-10) OOIM 02 - - 00 o O e s o =00000 CDO lO lOO - CO OS 03 .cocooco 2^r-,01rH 1 rHCO rH i .coooo s wSiOOiO p t^OO 5 .omoo =c o Tj. inO gCOCO (N (N TflO O C-1 o a) =c CO 00 CO o r ^'^ OO T)< ■CP CO 00 T— ( iC OS s i 8 OO O 00 JO -T o coiClO »H Oi SOOOO g Ol l-H p 6 .oooocc cc g Ol 64 CM C-) p ^"^-^-rt 6 CM cn rH-cf cri a5 o i (5 3 i C5 g CM l-H T-H 6 OiiO l-H -dt 00 .00(M^ (M W^(M^ CM 1 ^d^ CO COCO r-i t^ s 0) ■ "3 ^. lO lO v^ lO e 5 lOO ^ CO OS CO -d w .00000 s: mcMcoco 1 C-1 CO o oi Is 2 cc lO lO lO »C !SCM Csl 04 CM S CMO s .OlOOO CO O '^ lO t^ g CO CO C-) CM 1 cnco CM -H oi w 00 CO CM CM S 5.. l-H TJ1 lO 6 in !5§ i ft o m CO lo lO T-H ai gcM OICM CM ■OO O C-l o\ 00 si oj fcjOft i>iraoco 5^000050 5 c-i CO cm' CO •^ lO lO lO IC c-i lO 'S CM o' R 00 CM CM s si g < 3 o 0) it cc c Soioioc !a ""I ?i o ^ - »oooc 3 C 'O !5 ssss;^ H 1 50 'N OOOO • as 1 i 3^ OS cj be e ■X Ci l e n C 1 _ -, ^ , 30 O 1 "C t il 1 ^ 1 _, ^ ■tio y "3 £'-' I'- -^ »■ a S : 5 c : r »n c-i f"" tft^ a?S >s .ooo _, , so -H eS s- - -■ a< S 4 • lo ! '• c 30 C4 •s IK (i . . ^?.?,?, 3> 1 2Si ^ § ■■' CO C5 S'S 1 .^S^S5 S3 N • !»=• 1 5 = = o 3 ■ ^ h ■^ "^ » 1 -- ~ I ; ^ • ■ 1^ : : a . . i) : : a . . i, f : »• i ' ii;; !.- /; ?| _' s Cl! J 3in io e •qiO c^ '^ o c 02 o H"S ^ (5t~00 C o : »< boO. ^ ,—4 PH •— « r -4 • ^S >< * I ^ . . 9) ■ ! ^ : : a . . 0) • • o J> • o. 2 «? 10 — ^H tf 3^ ago CO '+3 •« g 03 cs cS^ o o^ 116 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. oc lOC o 1 si C^ (N T-( (> 5 OC o "O-g S 32 03 lO — «3 s « aj z6 a> an e o o c= CO cS ^ s -*«; Oi g3 W) e p 5- CO ^. S IN pq cb ^OOC^OQO- COIM t~ g(NOJC-)Cv !NO- o m 6 Ol ci g i-H iH f-H T- e 0) O O OC o acocoocp- CO-Z 03 CD^ >^ .oo <- coc C-1 giHi-H i-HTt to m e Cj w A « ^ fH s giMlMIMO. o (NCJC rH cc 5 rj (I) j^osccoi cr .^s :-. I> I> 1> 1-^ rl N • tu bo o3 O a> P< C> CO be, 1 > C o <)^ rt ^ rr CO |2 1 § o o bo**-' "" O 03 <^ O P-< •Sf 2 S .A4 , rHI> «^n '"' 03 00 ^ 'O+J s e oa .ra s S a> 1^^^^ 03 -t c3 l^rtr^^ iHCC ^ H .<£ .0 OC I>C: 01 a) giM '^'^ - !M cS ^ S § C^ -* he e 02 S -OiOOOC ^ 3 £. m 03 -*ii: CO rHl.-- s rH Q 03 0)^ >^ 03 .00 t- coc «5 'S m e ^ ^ K m p rH rHr- (M |i^ -S TIICC SrHOKNCs 3 (NCC CO S H-Trd boP- lO lOO cr ,^ ■^ -■si lO lO lO if in ^^ ts| ^ 0) bo cS !=! ID -2 7 r-{ ft <1H pel a P (= .Q « ;.bj)fi ' *>« Cd-rt boc h •53 --gg; £hHP BORIC ACID AND BOKAX. 117 S-E g^' Qg ii s 00 •a-ti s= §S oS ci ■^ ffi c»CMO o S ^ .^• a ic ^ c :^ 1 ^ O =; <-» s o H o loo V == C: D • ^ ?? Tl ^- ^- S r-l ^ e; to ■-I ce s be e aj C5 R^^ <^ _^ 50iC t^ ^ - r- 00 1 "S 1 '^ lO -2 s M (S . o c^i c-i o ^ -^ n Oi 1 m ^-^ RSS coc > o 0) 6 ts : .oooo lOC 5 00 5 u^ >5 Cb r-tlf 5 r-l "2 c 1 lO 0/ e <1 c; : 'i '■ OS ^ s 1 •00 000 •22 ^ 5 \ d gOO'Ng JDC ? s§ o lOlXO o • . -00 -•I" a « o 2 o-o bciH & O-rl.2 ■Soto ,a _ cu fc2S 118 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. c^ 1 ^ oc «5 OS s Cii cq ^ s ^ s gCOCC-rJ* C" CO CO 1 .. U 03 II oc to SrH^rHr- H X2 >$. P< CO &D o 1 03 CO a. cd »-5 1 tiOH ^^ S ::g !2i bc^ "S ^'3 P> °'Z^ ■So be u !^.2g < ^ C =3 H O O oi HfHfi CD 200 200 180 200 170 200 200 180 200 i-HI> 5 CO • OOOOOOlOOOOOOOCOOO . p ^"rtT-rr-rr-TrH'^'rt tH Ol o O 1 o i S g§ gl OS 00 ho 3 CO .lOOOiOO 5 oin coco 00 .loioirjicioioioioo !5 lOlO lO 2 ^oggoo^oocc SCOCOCOCOCOINCOCOCS s 03 of CO C3 O .ooooooooo S CO C^l CO CO c^ i B2 1-1 Tf r-T s .OiOOOOOOOO i c:n- coo of I^ .OOOO s 5 OOOO CO CC Ol C-1 oo 00 E i 6 § oo CO cnoo O) § CO «^oooc:)t-(ooOiH g C^ C^l (M C^l 03 Ol C^I C^ C^ II bEO. ■S.& T»i>i>i>i>i>i>t>i> <1 CO 8 s ex a- c c- CC hi ca > 3 O 0. hi = c a c a e c 1 ' BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 119 ooooooooo oio 2! . O O » O 1^ O O X o 05CC 01 1 c4 O ii . CO C^ CO Oi O C^I C^ CI "1 '3*'^ o • «-rC-l(Nrt~l«««CC r^-.o J^ gt-t^cCwXOOOO 00 00 t-^ S - !> ^ ^ ^ lo ^ - .OOOOOOu-OO I>iO o >> £, isj«2?S5:-3^'^2§ t~^CT) X 1 too 1 ^ «• ■ " .- -O ^ 1 5 .iCtiiir^iCiCiCi^iCiC iCiC ^ - X -^ -^ -^r --^ -r '^ -T ^ -r TTO 3 TP lo B ^ 1 " Gj !? _ .•^Oi.-f^i-it^COOCO COCJ wociccr^i^i^ioor- C-l S ?I f 1 c-i c-i ri ri C<1 cc Ol m '^ ^ c^ ^ •3 « .000000=00 I-C m »iC»C»CiC»^CC=CO0C^ csl; C4 "3 g^^^^„ X ■ S E C5 =.-S8S?.?S8g.? ■^ c I^ -•» « m ? S gcocicccccc-r-rcoc^ m^ to-- S>3 jS cr >5 o .oooo oooc X c 1^ » 3 -i ■* -J •i -j; V£ ^ o 'S 01 s o X ■*x o 90 to » (N; lO -i £ m P^ '^ s* CI ?• CI CI CI ri CI cj CJ I^C CO ^5 :o o< c> —'"C .-isS^Jgi'^S^Sf ~ „ X ^oc>cioo»-*o— '•- o k 00 oT bo 5 4) ly h a S. b ^ s 2 — _o o ,, 'j ■ •/ 3 - <~ c »-( — 1— 1 — 1 ^ 1 5 1 I ^. ■5.Sf I*? o •al° ooooooooo o o o ..ooxoi~ooxo l^CO X u 0) s -<■■ CI 0) s -OiOicnoiOi-ococnoa OS CI X aCrH.-(pHr-t.-Hi- S"^ ^ (M Ol CO 'S fS T— 1 > -^ ^" • mi^t^i^r^t^ooxx ^CJ IC ^ »mi^i>i>i>t>aoxx t-x 03 60 1 o ^ P CO s ' . iC iC IC iC iC iC ».0 lO iC lOiO o ';^'r~t*t*'r^-t"v^T -i>o -c ^T t^ e m ii .omomorHOTOTT om r- ■d XOlOi-HCOOlO»OC^»0 ■MX mx (N gcoc^immcocommm L- ■m' lO fq '^ X 5oioioioio^mTjs .oooo oooo xo to WO^Tt* «3 ox o-^ ^x ■s T— 1 rH ^. o p^ ;s -^ «3 •"•CI CI lO X '^'? ja g ■* •2 e 1^ v. .o^moso-i'Oo^-T^iC t^cc o W0000r-000.-H 0<35 •^ p. a C^l CI C>1 C^ IM C^ C-l C-1 c- ox 1 - CO 0-fOl!£)OOuOiCC CO j;.-nntC>OXXOCTlr- ice. £-r -r -i^ -r •r -r ,r: -f ,K -^' •t; ft •5: ic u^ 1^ If: tr. >r. ,r. ,n la lo ^ ^ < X "i be s a ft (U be ee 2 2-S 1^5 _o o f-i '■C > c -«!h (5 iT >« I' ex 3- c ^ c^ T-t 1-^ r^i~ C > 1 I 'gis 120 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. -w e r-i ft Cb D Oi t^ ^ ^ .OiOOO oooc ^ "S cooOTt(-*m 00 g ■* 00 e s ^ o o oo ^ g 0-^t^CC050rHC--tCO T-l r-( i-H rH ^ 03 i-s • g o-O Is "" O o3 •*:; O fH boo Si > "=s & r- ^^ 03 O O o3 i 000000000 § sb 11 CO SCSIMCNCMCNC^OJIMCM CO 'b^ t— ( 00 a5 0) SB O 5 03 CD S CD 1 8 100 tHOO ^ 03 bo 3 CO .^IMCOCNCNTHtOCNiH MTj<(M0OCN(NrHC^C^rH g TflOO CO (D M ^^lOOOOOOOiOO g0O-^Ttco to boo. t^CiOOC0 05 05i-HiO ^OSiHCOCOiOOSCOC^iH 5co-*o3O50ocoeoco^ «1 S5 CD ft OS p o3 1-3 ^ 0) <1 "2 1 i BORIC" ACID AND BORAX. 121 f. ja -^ tH ,_i c o e. ^ to X 3i • =? I c-10 » a> -r -J •JI OC -J5 -C T -r r-l ^- f— e a ■s ooo ^ &^ - 1 .oi CC3-. O'j'OO'2'ir 1^00 1 B ? ■H ! oi « . ^ ,-??'-Bl-liJSi?.SS • u~- S : !^l_ i< : : • . : 0) . . be • • cS : : c b : : : fc • ^' ^ jS •rt 'O 1- -X. SI — TH' * • 2d : S3 33 3 1 ^-a a," o_ 2 <« o S boo u ^ g g o 05 122 INFLUENCE 01' FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Passing to the consideration of the effect of the preservative upon the ratio of food weight to body weight, Tables XIII-XVIl disclose the following facts: The highest ratio in the fore period was found in the case of No. 3, namely, 5.33, and the lowest in the case of No. 6, namely, 3.41. Inas- much as No. 6, however, was absent from one meal, this number is not to be considered as normal. By combining the total quantity of food consumed by all six members and dividing by the number of persons, it is found that 36,311 grams is the average per man for the fourteen- day period. Dividing again by 61.76 kilograms, the average weight of the subjects for the period, the ratio of 58.80 appears for the four- teen days. This gives 4.20 as the mean daily ratio of food to body weight per man for the fore period. For the preservative subperiod during which 1 gram of boric acid was given the highest ratio is found for No. 4, namel}'^, 5.05, and the lowest for No. 6, namely, 3.30. The mean ratio for the period is 4.19, and the mean weight of the body is 61.36. For the subperiod during which 2 grams of boric acid were given the highest ratio is found for No. 5, namely, 6.25, and the lowest for No. 6, namely, 3.58. The mean ratio for this period is 4.41, and the mean body weight is 61.19. For the subperiod during which 3 grams of boric acid were adminis- tered the highest ratio is found in the case of No. 5, namely, 4.69, and the lowest in the case of No. 1, namely, 3.76. The mean ratio is 4.08, and the mean body weight is 61.04. For the after period, extending over nine days, the highest ratio is found in the case of No. 3, namelj^, 4.73, and the lowest in the case of No. 1, namely, 3.62. The mean ratio for the period is 4.21, and the mean weight of the bodj^ is 61.23. A comparative view of these mean ratios for the periods mentioned is shown in the following tabular statement: Table XVIII. — Average daily ratio of weight of food to tveight of body in Series I, by periods. Period. Average daily ra- tio of food con- sumed. Average daily weight of body. Fore period Preservative period. After period Per cent. 4.20 4.22 4.21 Kilos. 61.76 61.20 61.23 It will be noted from the above that the total weight of food con- sumed in proportion to the weight of the body changes very little from one period to another. There was, as is noticed, a tendency to BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 123 decrease iu the body weight during the preservative period, the aver- age weight having fallen from 61.76 kilograms to 61.20. During the after period there was a tendency' again for the body weight to rise, it having reached an average of 61.23 at the end of the after period. Too much importance must not be attached to the above data, by reason of the fact that the total water consumed, both that existing in the food and that taken separately, has been considered as food itself. It is true that water is, in one sense, the most important food for the sustenance of the human body, Avithout which all the physiological functions of the bod}' would cease. It is, however, also true that water is one of the important products of metabolic activity, being, in conjunction with carbon dioxid, the principal product of that combus- tion which produces and sustains the animal heat. From this point of view the water may be regarded as a waste product of food as well as a food itself. A more valuable comparison of the average weight of food con- sumed to the average weight of the body may be secured by reducing the food to a dry basis. In Table XIX is given a comparative state- ment showing the relation of the weight of dry food to body weight, as compared with the moist food, during the first series of experiments. These data are interesting, but it does not seem advisable to increase tlie bulk of the bulletin by computing them for each series. It is a matter of considerable interest, however, to note that the average weight of dry food consumed is almost exactly 1 per cent of the weight of the body. In the fore period it is seen that the smallest percentage of food consumed in relation to the weight of the body is by No. 6, namely, 0.79, and the largest bj' No. 3, namely, 1.21, while the average percentage for the whole fore period of the six men under observation is 0.06. Taken as a whole, the average quantity of food consumed in relation to body weight during the preservative period is O.OtJ per cent of the average body weight. The smallest quantit}' con- sumed in any instance is by No. 1, in the third subperiod, namely, 0.83 per cent, and the largest quantity is by No. 5, in the second sub- period, namely, 1.25 per cent. In the after period the mean quantity of dry food consumed in relation to body weight is 1.01 per cent. The smallest quantity is consumed by Nos. 1 and 2, namely, 0.92 per cent, and the largest quantity by No. 3, namely, 1.20 per cent. It is stMMi that but little change is shown in the total weight of dr}'^ food consumed in relation to body weight in the three periods. The data show the interesting fact in nutrition that health}' young men in one hundred days will eat an amount of dr}' food almost exactly equal to the weight of their bodies'. It is also interesting to note that the daily ratio of moist food consumed, including the water drunk, is a little more than four times as great as that of the dr}' food. 124 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XIX. -Comparison of average daily ratios of food weight {moist and dry) to body weight for Series I. Subject. Body weight. Average daily weight of dry food. Average daily ratio of food weight to body weight. Dry. Moist. Fo7^e period. No 1 Kilos. 71.62 71.89 66.22 57.57 52.63 61.60 Grams. 619. 2 602.3 670.0 568.9 591.6 488.8 Per cent. 0.87 .84 1.21 .99 1.12 .79 Per cent. 4 17 2 3.98 3 5 33 4 5.29 5 4.73 6 .. 3 41 61.76 590.0 .96 4 20 Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 1 71.59 71.23 65. 03 57.08 62.49 60.75 664.6 628.6 629.2 663.2 616.2 530.7 .93 .88 1.14 .97 1.17 .87 3.62 2 4.10 3 3.51 4 5.06 5 4.82 6 3.30 61.36 604.0 .98 4.19 Second subperiod: No. 1 71.26 70.98 64.72 56.93 52.96 60.27 701.6 646.0 638.4 676.8 663.0 598.5 .98 .91 1.17 1.01 1.25 .99 3.86 2 . . .. 4.14 3 4.73 4 6.21 5 .. . 5.26 6 ... 3.68 61.19 637.0 1.04 4 41 Third subperiod: No.l 71.28 70.78 54.07 66.30 53.61 60.19 593.2 627.5 523.8 482.9 617.0 566.8 .83 .89 .97 .86 1.16 .94 3 76 2 4.06 3 4.25 4 4 13 5 4.69 6 3.77 Average 61.04 669.0 .93 4.08 Entire preservative period: 61.20 603.1 .99 4.22 After period. No. 1 71.64 70.87 54.73 66.18 53.87 60.10 660.8 651.0 654.6 525.8 614.1 589.4 .92 .92 1.20 .94 1.14 .98 3.62 2 4.07 3 4.73 4 . 4.48 5 4.54 6 4.07 61.23 616.0 1.01 4.21 THE NUMBER OF COilPUSCL.ES AND THE QUANTITY OF HEMO- GLOBIN IN THE BLOOD. The determination of the corpuscles and hemoglobin in the blood was made by the methods usually employed. For determining the number of corpuscles in the blood the method employed was the ordi- nary one in which the Thoma-Zeiss apparatus is used. The details of this method are such as are given by Cabot.'* The apparatus used for making the hemoglobin test in the first series was the Dare apparatus. « Clinical Examination of the Blood, by R. 0. Cabot, fourth revised edition, pp. 12-19. Wm. Wood & Co., New York, 1901. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 125 In all subsequent examinations, however, the Fleischl apparatus was used. These methods are also given in the publication above mentioned.* The number of corpuscles was counted independently b}- two observers, Messrs. C. P. Knight and B. J. Howard, and the mean of the two counts was taken as the correct number of corpuscles in each cubic millimeter. The hemoglobin was measured in the same way- The independent data obtained 1)}^ the two observers agreed well. The tirst observations were made for the purpose of trying the methods and obtaining the necessary skill on the part of the observers. Instruction in making these observations was given by Dr. William B. French and Dr. John H. McCormick, who kindly supervised the tirst tests and directed the detail of the observations. The number of corpuscles per cubic millimeter and the reading for hemoglobin for each of the members of Series I, III, and V are given in Table XXI, shown on page 128. The first examinations were made a few days after completing the after period of the first series. The second observation was made upon the same subjects on the 28th of February, at the beginning of the preservative period of Series III. The data for Series III show a fair agreement between the two observers, the only notable difference in regard to the number of corpuscles being in the case of No. 6, the counts differing by over 1.000,000. In the measurement of the hemoglobin the two sets of data agree satisfactorily. It will be noticed in this case that No. 1 of the first observation differs remarkaV)ly from No. 1 in the second. This is because of a change in the individual. No. 1 of the first series having dropped out of the observation and his place being taken b}^ another. Both the red corpuscles and the hemoglobin are extremely low in the case of the new subject. It is noticed that the amount of hemoglobin does not always coin- cide with the number of corpuscles; for instance. No. 2, with over 6,50o,o(j0 coi-puscles, shows a hemoglobin reading of only 71.6 per cent of the amount normally present in human blood, while No. -5, with .5, .500, 000 corpuscles, shows lOT.G per cent. Th(! next series of o))servations is the only complete one which was secured, covering all three periods of Series V. The first observation was made about the middle of the fore period, namely, April 28. The second oliservaf ion was made near the beginning of the last half of the preservative period, namely, on the 2iHh of May. The last observation was nuule at tlie enrl of the aft.(> jx'i- cent appears in the feces in th(! fore; ])erio(i, S in tlie- pr(^sei-vative i)eriod, and 11.4 in the after period. In regard to phosphoric acid, 29.6 per cent of the quantity prcsscnt in the food a{)pears in the feces in the fore 144 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. period, 32.1 per cent in the preservative period, and 39.7 per cent in the after period. Of the fat in the food, 4.2 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 3.7 per cent in the preservative period, and 6.8 per cent in the after period. Of the calories in the food, 3.8 per cent are found in the feces in the fore period, 3.3 in the preservative period, and 4.9 in the after period. These data, though incomplete, are not to be wholly excluded from consideration. The}^ indicate a slightly increased absorption of the food elements during the administration of the preservative, with the exception of phosphoric acid. On account of their fragmentary and imperfect nature, however, too great weight must not be given to the interpretation placed upon them. SUMMARY. By reason of the disturbance produced at various times among the different members of the table during Series IV, it is not possible to bring together in a summary a comparison of the data relating to the whole number. Onl}'- partial comparisons can be made. A comparison can be made between Nos. 11 and 12 for a brief fore period, one complete preservative period, and one complete after period. These data show that the water in the feces remains practically the same during the fore period and the preservative period, but is considerably diminished during the after period, falling to 74.73 percent.- The quantity of wet and dr}' feces throughout the period of comparison is small. The percentage of nitrogen in the food which is eliminated in the feces by the two members during the fore period is 8.2, during the preserva- tive period 8.7, and during the after period 9. There is in this case an apparent progressive interference with the absorption of the nitrog- enous elements of the food. In phosphoric acid the quantity appear- ing in the feces in the fore period is 24.4 per cent, in the preservative period 35.5, and during the after period 35.6. The use of the pre- servative seems to diminish the quantitj^ of phosphoric acid absorbed. In the case of the fat we find in the feces during the fore period 3.3 per cent of the total quantity in the food, in the preservative period 3.8 per cent, and in the after period 4.6 per cent. As in the case of the nitrogen, there appears to be a manifestation here toward a pro- gressive interference with the absorption of the fat. In regard to the calories, it is seen that of the total amount in the food 3.5 per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 3.7 in the preservative period, and 3.9 in the after period. Here again it is also noticed that the pre- servative seems to interfere with the absorption of the heat-producing elements. A summary may also be made of the data relating to Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 of Series IV for the fore period and for the first preservative subperiod, but no complete comparison can be made of these members BORIC ACID AND BORAX. I-IS to any further extent. An inspection of the data obtained in this summary shows an increase in the amount of feces voided during the preservative period, and a very slight increase in the content of water therein, but nothing- of a notable character. Of the nitrogen in the food. 9A per cent appears in the feces during the fore period and 12.1 per cent in the preservative period. Of the phosphoric acid in the food, 37.8 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period and 48.2 in the preservative period. Of the fat in the food, 4.3 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period and 5.2 in the preservative period. Of the calories in the food, 4 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period and 5.1 per cent in the preservative period. These data show a iiarked tendenc}' on the part of the preservative to decrease the absorption of the nitrogen, the phosphoric acid, the fat, and the calories. Although the data are not complete in every instance, it is possible to make a comparison during the whole period of Series IV on Nos. 8, 9, and 10, as indicated in the summary of the data for these three subjects. In respect of the quantity of the feces voided, a considerable increase is seen during the preservative period, the fore period and the after period having an almost identical quantity. There is little change noted in the percentage of water in the feces, there being a little less, however, during the preservative period and the after period than in the fore period. The quantity of nitrogen administered daily in the food is slightlv smaller in the preservative period than in the fore period, and considerably smaller in the after period than in either. The quantity of phosphoric acid administered in the food is almost exactly the same in the fore period and preservative period and a little less in the after period. The quantit}' of fat in the food consumed in the fore period is somewhat greater than that consumed in the pre- servative period, and the latter greater than that in the after period. The calories in the food during the fore period are slightly greater than in the preservative period and very decidedly greater than in the after period. Those data seem to indicate a progressive tendency on the part of the preservative to lessen the appetite, and this tendency is continued during the after period, which is not surprising when it is considered that the whole of the after period is required to eliminate the traces of the preservativ^e from the body. In respect of the relative absorp- tion of tho elements of the food it is seen that, in the case of nitrogen, of the total quantity' in the food 7.5 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 8.4 per cent in the preservative period, and 8 per cent in the after period, C)f tin* phosphoric acid in the food, 31.4 percent af)j)ears in the feces in tlie for(i pciiod, 87 per cent in the preservative period, and 33.3 per cent in the after period. Of the total quantity of fat in the food, 3.3 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 4L'42— No. H4, pt 1—04 10 146 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. 3.8 per cent in the preservative period, and 3.6 per cent in the after period. Of the total calories in the food, 3.2 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 3.8 per cent in the preservative period, and 3.7 per cent in the after period. These rather incomplete data indicate a tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the absorption of the nitrogen, the phosphoric acid, the fat, and the calories. Series V. In some respects this is the most important of the series by reason of its long duration and for the further reason that the quantity of preservative administered during this period is approximately that which might be taken in the regular consumption of foods preserved with borax or boric acid. The data of this series also are little affected by reason of illness or extraneous causes during the progress of the work and are, therefore, reasonably full and continuous. The fore period of this series begins on April 24 and continues until May 1, inclusive. The preservative period begins on May 2 and con- tinues until June 20, inclusive. The after period begins eTune 21 and continues until June 29, inclusive. The quantity of boric acid given during this period to each subject is one-half gram per day, with a few exceptions. This is given in capsules and with the precautions which have already been noted. No. 1—J. N. In the case of No. 1, of Series V, it is seen that the moisture in the feces during the fore period is 79.68 per cent, during the preservative period 80.33 per cent, and during the after period 78.08 per cent. There is evidently a slight tendency in this case for the preservative to increase the quantity of water in the feces. The drj^ matter in the feces is 28 grams per da}^ for the fore period, 33.6 grams per day for the pre- servative period, and 43.2 grams per day for the after period. There is a progressive increase noticed in this case which is very marked dur- ing the after period. The percentage of nitrogen in the food appear- ing in the feces during the fore period is 7.1, during the preservative period 7.9, and in the after period 10. The increase in the percentage of nitrogen in the feces appears to be of the same magnitude as the increase in the total quantity of dry substance and seems to have little, if any, relation to the administration of the preservative. Of the phos- phoric acid in the food, 51.2 per cent appears in the feces during the fore period, 52.9 during the preservative period, and 60.4 during the after period. The same rate of increase in the percentage eliminated is found as in the case of nitrogen and of the solid matter in the feces. Of the total fat in the food, 3.1 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 3.8 per cent in the preservative period, and 5.7 per cent in the after period. Of the total calories in the food, 3.4 per cent BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 147 appear in the feces in the fore period, 4.3 per cent in the preservative period, and 6 per cent in the after period. The data in this case are of little value in judging of the eifect of the preservative upon the percentage of the food elements eliminated during the preservative period as compared with the fore period, since the rate of increase is found in each case to be larger in the after period, and this increase is not explicable on an}' ground in con- nection with the administration of the preservative itself. So far as the quantit}" of food is concerned, as measured by its elements, we tind that during the fore period the average daily quantity of nitrogen con.sunied is 17.43 grams, during the preservative period 18.69 grams, and during the after period 18.58 grams. Of phosphoric acid, 4.74 grams was consumed in the fore period, 4.82 grams in the preserva- tive period, and 5.04 grams in the after period. Of fat, we find the daily amount consumed in the fore period is 121.43 grams, in the pre- servative period 124.7 grams, and in the after period 128.56 grams. The calorific value of the food during the fore period, daily, is 3,472 units, during the preservative period 3,438 units, and during the after period 3,378 units. Thus it does not appear that the increased elimi- nation of the food elements, so marked during the after period, could have been due to any corresponding increase in the quantity of food consumed. No. 2—F. a w. The percentage of moisture in the feces of No. 2 during the fore period is 79.18, during the preservative period 78.75, and during the after period 76.39. There appears to be no tendenc}' in this case on the part of the preservative to increase the quantity of moisture in the feces, although the}" become much dryer when the preservative is withdrawn. The total quantity of dry substance in the feces during the fore period is 22.4 grams, during the preservative period 25.1 grams, and during the after period 31.4 grams. The percentage of nitrogen in the food eliminated during the fore period is 6.1, during the preservative period 8.3, and during the after period 8.4. There seems in this case to be a tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the percentage of the nitrogenous elements of the food abs<)r})ed. Of the phosphoric acid in the food, 33.8 per cent is elimi- tiatcd in the feces during the fore period, 40.3 per cent in the pre- servative period, and 46.4 per cent in the after period. There is an ii|)pHrent tendency in this case on the part of the preservative to diminish the al)sorption of phosphoric acid, and this tendency con- tinues, and even increases, during the after period. Of the fat in the food, 2.1 per cent is eliminated in the feces in the fore period, 2.8 per cent in tin; pres(!rvativ(i ])eriod, and 4. 1 per cent in the after period. In this case, also, there seems to be a tendency on the part of the pre- servative to diminish the percentages of fat absorbed, and this tendency 148 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. increases in a very marked degree during the after period. Of the calories in the food, 2. 7 per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 3.8 per cent in the preservative period, and 4.8 per cent in the after period. In this instance we again see a tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the absorption of the calorific elements of the food, and this tendency increases during the after period. In this case we have practically the same effect as is noted in the case of No. 1, namely, a progressive decrease in the amount of nutrients absorbed during the preservative period, and a notable accentuation of this condition during the after period. No. 3—W. S. 0. The percentage of water in the feces of No. 3 during the fore period is 79.07, during the preservative period 78.09, and during the after period 75.13. There is a slight tendency manifest in this case to decrease the quantitv of water in the feces during the preservative period, and this tendency becomes very marked during the after period. The total solids in the feces during the fore period are 24.7 grams, during the preservative period 26.3, and during the after period 35.6. Here is seen a progressive increase in the quantity of solids in the feces under the administration of the preservative, and this increase is greatly accentuated during the after period. Of the nitrogen in the food, 10.5 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 9.4 per cent in the preservative period, and 10.1 per cent in the after period. In this instance there is an apparent tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the quantity of nitrogen absorbed. Of the phosphoric acid in the food, 38.6 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 35.2 per cent in the preservative period, and 38.7 per cent in the after period. These data show an apparent tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the quantity of phosphoric acid absorbed. Of the total fat in the food, Q.Q per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 5.7 in the preservative period, and 7.2 in the after period. In this case, also, there is an apparent tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the absorption of the fat. Of the total calories in the food, 4.3 per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 4.2 in the preservative period, and 5.1 in the after period. We have again in this case a tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the absorption of the calorific elements of the food. The data in the case of No. 3, as will be seen, do not coincide in their gen- eral tendency with those of Nos. 1 and 2. No. 4—E. a S. This subject withdrew from the table May 25, before the comple- tion of the preservative period. The data in his case are therefore not given here, but may be found in the detailed tables. BORIC ACID AND BOBAX. 149 No. 5—H. a G. The percentage of water in the feces of No. 5 in the fore period is 72.01, in the preservative period, 70.64, and in the after period, 69.01. The composition of the feces in this case is quite unique, the percent- age of water being- so far below that of an}^ other subject connected with the experiment. There is evidently a slight tendency under the administration of the preservative to diminish the quantitj^ of water in the feces. The total solid matter in the feces in the fore period, daily, is 26.9 grams, during the preservative period, 30.3 grams, and during the after period, 31.7 grams. The percentage of nitrogen in the food eliminated in the feces in the fore period is 7.5, in the preservative period, 7.5, and in the after period, 8.4. Of the phos- phoric acid in the food, 34.8 per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 41.2 in the preservative period, and 42.9 in the after period. There appears to be a tendenc}" on the part of the preservative in this case to diminish the absorption of the phosphoric acid. Of the fat in the food. 2.4 per cent appears in the feces in the fore period, 3.4 per cent in the preservative period, and 4.1 per cent in the after period. There is here an apparent tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the quantit}^ of fat absorbed, and this tendency continues during the after period. Of the total calories in the food, 3.2 per cent appear in the feces in the fore period, 3.8 per cent in the preserv- ative period, and 4.5 per cent in the after period. In this case, also, there is a tendency during the preservative period to diminish the quantitv of the calorific elements of the food absorbed, and this ten- dency is considerably increased during the after period. Of the total heat value of the food, we find that it amounted to 3,861 calories per day in the fore period, 3,500 in the preservative period, and 3,393 in the after period. There appears to be a tendency here to a diminu- tion in the amount of calories required under the administration of the preservative, and this tendency is increased in the after period. No. 6—B. J. T. No. 6 did not finish the preservative period. The data referring to him are therefore not discussed here. For the three subjects who completed the observations in Series V, the following summary may be made: The average content of water in the feces in the fore period is 77.41, for the preservative period 77.o,s, and for the after period 75.05. The total quantity of solid matter in the feces in the fore peiiod is 26.5, in the preservative period 30.1, in th(! after period 36.8. The total percentage of nitrogen in the food clirniriatcd in the feces in the fore period is 8.2, in the preserva- tiv<', period 8.2, and in the after |)eriod 9.5. Of the i)hosphoric acid in the food the average (juantity eliminated" daily in the fore period is 150 INFLUENCE OE FOOD PEESEHVATIVES ON HEALTH. 41.5 per cent, in the preservative period 43.8, and in the after period 47.4. Of the total fat in the food there appears in the feces in the fore period 3.4, in the preservative period 4, and in the after period 5.4. Of the total calories in the food there appears in the feces in the fore period 3.6 percent, in the preservative period 4.1, and in the after period 5.2. In this comparison of the three members of the table who completed the entire course, the most striking point which is brought out is the increase in the nutritive elements of the food unabsorbed during the after period. While there is a marked tendency during the pre- servative period, as compared with the fore period, to diminish the absorption of these nutrient elements, it is not nearly so marked as the decrease in the absorptive power manifest during the after period. It is not possible to say that these disturbances are related directly to the administration of the preservative. It seems, however, only fair to assume that the decreased percentage of absorption is directly related to the increase of the solid matter in the feces. For instance, more food, measured by its calorific power, is administered in the fore period than in the preservative period, namely, 3,365 calories in the fore period, 3,308 calories in the preservative period, and in after period 3,356. With the same degree of absorption there would have been less dry matter in the feces in the preservative period than in the fore period. In point of fact, however, there is more dry matter — an average of 3.6 grams more — corresponding to the decrease in the absorption of the nitrogenous foods and the decrease in the absorption of the calorific elements of the foods. It is of course easily under- stood that during a part of the after period the influence of the pre- servative per se continues, because it requires practically the whole of the after period to eliminate the traces of the preservative from the system. There appears in this case to be a still more profound dis- turbance than can be traced to this source. There is one explanation of these phenomena which is offered tentatively, but without any asser- tion of its accuracy. It is this: In the administration of this preserv- ative the foreign body which it represents has a double effect. In the first place it ma}^ excite the digestive functions to renewed activity in order to eliminate the foreign element, while at the same time it may preserve a portion of the food from the operations of digestion. If the degree of excitation is less than the degree of preservation the total eflEect would be to decrease slightly the amount of the food elements absorbed, as indicated by the summary of the data. In the case under consideration, this ingestion of the foreign substance continues for a long while, namely, from May 2 to June 20, inclusive, a period of fifty da3^s. The withdrawal of this artificial excitation would naturally cause, if the above assumption be true, a depression in the excitation of the glands furnishing the digestive elements. This would also I BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 151 cause a profound disturbance in digestion, with a marked tendenc^v to decrease the amount of food digested aud absorbed. Thus we lind that while tlie total calories administered during the after period are almost exactly the same as the total calories of the preservative and fore periods, the amount of solid matter left in the feces is enormously increased, with a necessarily corresponding decrease in the percent- age of absorption. To be more exact, the calories in the food in the fore period are 3,365, in the preservative period 3,308, and the mean calories for the two periods are 3,330, while the value of the calories in the food in the after period is 3,356. It is evident that when a preservative of this kind is administered over a long period of time its effect at lirst is not very marked. There are no profound disturbances of digestion which could be noted from any observable symptoms. There is no marked production either of nausea, a feeling of discomfort in the region of the stomach, or con- tinued headache, as are sometimes produced when the same preserva- tives are administered in large quantities. There is a tendency, on the other hand, in the system to accomodate itself to the condition of affairs which obtains. There is evident an increased excitation of the glands supplying the digestive ferments, but in the case cited this increased excitation is not quite commensurate with the restricting influences upon the digestive processes. AVhen, however, the stimulus of the preservative is withdrawn there appears a decided tendenc}' to diminish the activity of the digestive processes and thus to increase the amount of dry substances in the feces as a result of diminished amounts of the nutrients absorbed. This theor\" at least is worth con- .sideration, as it agrees with the general principle of the tendenc}' to collapse on the withdrawal of long-continued stimulation, and also with the recorded data obtained during this long period of experiment. Table XXII. — Summary of weight and water content of feces, by series. SERIES I— SIX MEN. [Figures given are averages per day.] Date. Feces. Water. Feces, dry. Forej>eriod: Grams. 142.1 114.0 102.4 125.9 121.6 147.4 Perct. 80.86 79.65 79.00 78.00 77.55 82.97 Grams. 27 2 No. 2 23 2 No. 3 21 5 No. 4 27 7 No. 5 27 3 No. 8 25.1 Total f6 men 1 day) 753.4 12.5.6 152. A verag<; ( 1 man 1 day) 79.86 25.3 Prei«;rvative perioer c8ick. Alka- line. 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 164 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON" HEALTH. Table XXIII. — Reaction of urine in Series JJ— Continued. [All members receiving boric acid.] Member and period. No. 11: Fore period Preservative period a . . After period Supplementary period . No. 12: Fore period Preservative period b... After period Supplementary period . Average for Nos. 7 and 10: Fore period Preservative period After period Average forNos. 8, 9, 10,ll,and 12: Fore period Preservative period After period Supplementary period Number of samples^ Strongly acid. Acid. Am- pho- teric. Alka- line. Per cent of samples — Strongly acid. 11.1 42.8 40.0 0.0 22.2 14.2 20.0 0.0 22.2 53.6 <; 20. 15.5 ^30.3 e20.0 0.0 Acid. 44.4 28.5 20.0 60.0 55.5 50.0 20.0 60.0 61.1 35.7 C40.0 55.5 d44.6 eSO.O 60.0 Am- pho- teric. 44.4 28.5 40.0 40.0 22.2 35.7 40.0 40.0 16.7 10.7 C40.0 28.9 d23.2 £45.0 40.0 Alka- line. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cO.O 0.0 1.8 5.0 0.0 a Preservative not given throughout this period on account of sickness. Sample more strongly acid. b Preservative not given throughout this period on account of sickness. Amphoteric occurs more frequently during this period, c Average for No. 7 only, d Average forNos. 8, 10, 11, and 12. e Average for Nos. 8, 9, 11, and 12. Table XXIV. — Reaction of urine in Series HI. [All members receiving boric acid.] Member and period. No. 1: Fore period Preservative period. After period No. 2: Fore period Preservative period. After period No. 3: Fore period a Preservative period. After period No. 4: Fore period Preservative period. After period b No. 5: Fore period Preservative period . After period No. 6: Fore period Preservative period. After period Average: Fore period Preservative period. Afterperiod Number of samples — Strongly acid. Acid. Am- pho- teric. Alka- line. Per cent of samples- Strongly acid. 11.1 83.3 100.0 11.1 80.0 86.7 25.0 8.3 62.5 12.5 0.0 14.3 0.0 8.3 0.0 11.1 41.6 75.0 11.9 36.9 56.4 Acid. 77.7 16.7 0.0 66.7 0.0 13.3 62.5 41.7 12.5 50.0 66.7 71.4 44.4 25.0 37.5 66.6 50.0 25.0 61.3 33.4 26.6 Am- pho- teric. 11.1 0.0 0.0 22.2 20.0 0.0 12.5 50.0 25.0 37.5 33.3 14.3 55.5 66.6 62.5 22.2 8.3 0.0 26.8 29.7 17.0 Alka- line. a Sample on 21st lost. b Sample on 16th lost. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 165 Table XXV. — Reaction of urine in Series IV. [AH members receiving borax.] Member and period. No. 7: Fore period Preservative period . After period a No. 8: Fore period Preservative period . .-Viter period No. 9: Fore period Preservative period . .\fter period 10: Fore period Preservative period. .A.fter period No. 11: Fore period Preservative period. After period No. 12: Fore period Preservative period . After period No. Average: Fore period Preservative period After period Average for Nos. 8, 9, and 10: Fore period Preservative period After period Number of samples- Stronglj' acid. Acid. Am- pho- teric. Alka- line. Per cent of samples — Strongly acid. 25.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 25.0 22.2 0.0 37.5 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 Acid. 62.5 40.0 62.5 50.0 37.5 37.5 72.2 37.5 62.5 72.2 87.5 50.0 9.1 37.5 50.0 0.0 12.5 22.9 7.4 0.0 25.0 7.4 0.0 54.1 40.6 32.5 54.1 64.8 37.5 Am- pho- teric. 12.5 60.0 25.0 44.4 62.5 37.5 5.5 50.0 0.0 27.7 50.0 2.5.0 90.9 62.5 75.0 22.9 52. 9 60.0 20.8 25.9 54.2 Alka- line. 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 12.5 0.0 2.8 7.5 0.0 1.8 8.3 a Withdrawn. Table XXVT. — Reaction of urine in Series V. [No.s. 1, 2, and 3 receiving boric acid and Nos. 4, 5, and 6 receiving borax.] Member and period. No. 1: Fore period Preservative period . After period No. 2: Fore period Pre.servative pericxl . After period No. 3: Fore period Preservative period . After period No. 4: Fore perlo N< Fore period Preservative perio greater the amount of exercise the more tissue broken down, and hence the greater tendency to excrete solid matter in the urine. The lower the temperature, on the other hand, the greater the tendency to inci-ea.se the volume of urine, thus diminishing its specific gravity, l>iit not necessarily altering the (quantity of solid matter voided. 168 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. The quantity of solid matter voided in the urine may also be com- pared with the weights of the individuals. In Series I, fore period, the heaviest man is No. 2, his average weight for the fore period being 71.89 kilograms (Table XllI, p. 105). It will be seen that No. 2 excretes the largest quantity of solids, corresponding to heaviest weight. The next in weight is No. 1, and he excretes the second largest quantity of total solids. Next in order of weight is No. 6, but No. 6 excretes the smallest quantity of solids of any in the class. No. 4 is fourth in weight and third in the amount of solid matter excreted. No. 3 is fifth in weight and fourth in the quantity of solid matter excreted. No. 5 is sixth in weight and fifth in the quantit}^ of solid matter excreted. Thus it is seen that with the exception of No. 6 the quantity of solid matter excreted in the urine during the fore period by these subjects is proportional to their weight. In the first preservative subperiod (December 22-26) a marked increase is noticed, in the solid matter excreted. This is partly due, though not entirely, to the fact that the boric acid administered is excreted chiefly by the urine. Inasmuch, however, as this could not have added more than 1 gram per day to the quantity of solid matter excreted, it does not account for the total increase, with the possible exception of the case of No. 2. In other words, the administration of the boric acid seems to have a marked effect at first in increasing the quantity of solids in the urine other than the additional weight given by its presence. During this period No. 4 excretes the largest quan- tity of solid matter per day, and No. 1 the next largest. No. 6 again occupies the last place. During the second subperiod (December 27-30) the stimulating effect of the preservative seems to have been expended, and the quantities of solid matter were reduced almost to those found in the fore period. No, 1 leads the list during this period, and No. 6 is again at the foot. During the third subperiod (December 31 to January 3).there is a continued marked depression in the quantity of solid matter excreted. No. 1 holds again the first place, and No. 6 the last. The depressing effect of the added preservative upon the amount of solids excreted continues during the after period, though not uniformly in all cases. Nos. 1, 1:, and 5 diminish the excreta during the after period, as compared with the preservative period, and Nos. 2, 3, and 6 increase the amount. The total variation, however, is of a negative quantity, the total amount excreted during the after period being 56.238 grams daily as compared with 56.973 grams daily during the preceding subperiod. The data recorded as a whole appear to indi- cate that the first result of the administration of a preservative is to increase the total solids eliminated in the urine and afterwards to diminish them. The effect upon the specific gravity, assuming a reasonable constancy of volume, follows the amount of total solids in BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 169 solution. Thus the highest specific gravity is that of the fore period, although the largest amount of total solids is not eliminated during this period, and the lowest specific gravity is that of the last preserv- ative subperiod, corresponding- to next to the lowest quantity of total solids eliminated. As indicated bv the above data, the conclusion is evident that the administration of the preservative produces a consid- erable disturbance in the total quantity of solids eliminated in the urine, and, consoqucntl}', in the specific gravit}' thereof. In the above discussion only the direct relation of specific gravit}^ to total solids is considered. Attention should be called to the fact, however, that the total solids are calculated from the specific gravit}^ and volume of the urine. AVhen both these factors are considered, therefore, the true relation of total solids to specific gravit}' becomes evident. Series II. Comparing- the individuals of this series in regard to the volume of urine voided, we note that during the fore period the largest quantity is found in the case of No. 8, namelj^ a daily average of 1,426 cc, and the smallest is found in the case of No. T, namely, 998 cc. No. 7 was ill and al)scnt from the table from the 14th of February, but the urine was collected until the end of period. The average for the three pre- servative subperiods (January 28 to Februarv 10) shows the largest dailv amount of urine in the case of No. 10, namel}^, 1,118 cc, and the smallest in the case of No. 7, namely, 972 cc. No. 10, however, was ill and no sample of urine Avas saved after Februarv 11. During this period marked irregularities in the measurement of the urine were caused b}' sickness in the case of No. 9, who received no preservative after January 31, and to a similar extent in the case of No. 8 and No. 11. These men received no preservative after the second preservative subperiod. These disturbances, especially in the case of Nos. 8 and 11, manifest a notable decrease of the amount secreted, due to the ff'V)rile conditions which exist. In the after period the largest amount of urine voided is found in the case of No. 11, nameh% 1,242 cc, and the smallest in the case of No. 12, namely, 820 cc. No. 12 received no preservative after the beginning of the third preservative subperiod. These individual data disclose a slight tendency, aj^parcntly due to the administi-ation of the preservative, to decrease the volume of urine secreted. The general condition of the UKiinbei-s of the class at tiic end of the preservative period is (juite unfavorable and this is due largely to colds and otlnjr troubles not connected in any way with th(^ adminis- tration of the preseivative; this unfavoral)Ie condition continues dur- ing the short after period. The inception of any disease; or sickness not directly traceable to tiie 1?0 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. administration of the preservative introduces into the observations an element of uncertainty wliich must be taken into full consideration in drawing conclusions from the data obtained. In the present case at least three members of the table are affected to such an extent by extraneous diseases as to render the data obtained in their cases of small value. It does not seem advisable, however, in a discussion of this kind, to omit any of the recorded data which can throw any light whatever, either directl}^ or by suggestion, upon the problem under consideration. Allowing full weight, therefore, to these disturbing influences, we still have certain modifications of the urine which it seems only fair to attribute in part to the effect of the preservative administered. In the case of Nos. 7 and 10, a more complete compari- son can be made, since these men received the same quantity of pre- servative extending over the same periods of time. The mean volume of urine secreted by Nos. 7 and 10 during the fore period is 1,101 cc, and during the preservative period 1,196 cc. This shows that the administration of the preservative did not tend notably to increase the volume of the urine. The mean specific gravity of the urine in the case of Nos. 7 and 10 during the fore period is 1.0258, and during the preservative period 1.0235. This shows a slight decrease in the specific gravity, more than would be accounted for by the slightly increased volume. The mean daily quantity of total solids excreted in the case of Nos. 7 and 10 during the fore period is 66.847 grams, and during the preservative period 66.874 grams, showing only a very slight increase. SUPPLEMENTARY PRESERVATIVE PERIOD. For the purpose of determining what effect, if anj^, a daily progress- ive increase in the quantity of preservative would have, the members of the table in this series, with the exception of Nos. 7 and 10, were placed upon a special period extending from February 16 to February 21, inclusive. In this period the quantity of preservative given the first day was 1 gram, and this was increased by 1 gram daily until the 20th; on the 20th and 21st 5 grams a day were given. In the case of Nos. 8, 11, and 12 the quantities of urine voided during this period were very high, while with No. 9 the quantity was about normal. With the increased quantities there was a marked decrease in specific gravity, the average specific gravity falling in the case of No. 11 to 1.0166. The highest specific gravity is found in the case of No, 9, namely, 1.0231. The quantity of solids excreted showed an increase with the increasing quantity of preservative in the case of No. 8, with the exception of the last day, when there was a decrease. In the case of No. 9 the quantity of solids decreased, but not regularly. In the case of No. 11 there seemed to be no marked relation between increas- ing preservative and amount of solids excreted. In the case of No. 12 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 171 there was an apparent decrease, but this practically was accounted for by the verj' great volume of urine secreted on the first day. In general it appears that a larger quantity of solids was excreted during this period than normall3\ The quantity' of common salt excreted of course is not signiticant unless compared with the quantity administered. It is largest in the case of No. 12, amounting to a mean of 17.108 grams per da}-. It is smallest in the case of No. 11, where the average quantity per da}" is 8.730 grams. In general it may be said that the data are not decisive in respect of any mfluences of the increasing amount of preservative on the char- acter of the excretion, with the possible exception of showing a tend- enc}- to increased volume with corresponding decreased specific gravity. On the whole, however, the quantity of solids excreted appears to be larger than normal. Series III. The average dail}' volume of the urine of No. 1 during the fore period is 931 cc, the average specific gravity, 1.0287; the average dail}^ amount of total solids, C5. 121 grams, and the average daily amount of common salt excreted in the urine, 11.133 grams. (See Table XXXV, p. 185.) There is a slight diminution in the volume of the urine during the first preservative subperiod and an increase in its volume during the second and third subperiods, the mean volume for the tliree subperiods Ijeing ver}' little more than that for the fore period. There is a marked increase in volume in the after period. These data show that in the case of No. 1 the preservative has no tendency whatever to produce diuresis, but is inclined to produce the opposite results. The specific gravit}" rises a little during the first preservative subperiod, but lowers during the second and third su))- periods, the average for the three subperiods showing a diminished specific gravity as compared with the fore period. There is a marked decrease in the specific gravity during the after period, caused to some ext(;nt, but not entirely, by the increased volume. The total solids eliminated are also decreased during the preservative period, although practically all of the preservative given is eliminated by the urine. This tendency to decrease is also continued during the after period, indicating a persistence on the part of the preservative to interfere with thos(; metabolic processes which result in the supply of solid matter to the urine. Jn regard to common salt, it may be said that the, amount administered is assumed to be practically constant through- out th(! period of observation. The effect of the preservative is noticcnl in th(! diminished excretion of common salt, and this tendency to diminish excretion is continued throughout the after period. In the case of No. 2 there is a slight decrease in the volume of urine during the administration of the preservative, and this decrease 172 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATtVES ON HEALTH. still persists, though with a tendency toward the restoration of the normal state, during- the after period. The specific, gravity of the urine does not vary greatly except in one instance, namely, the second preservative subperiod, when it is somewhat high. There is an inclination in this case also toward a decrease in the total solids elimi- nated by the urine during the period of administration of boric acid, and indication of a return to normal conditions is manifest during the after period. Again, the common salt excretion is diminished during the administration of the preservative, and this diminution continues into the after period, though with a tendency to return to the normal state. With No. 3 there is a slight increase in the volume of urine pro- duced during the administration of the preservative and a marked decrease during the after period. The specific gravity remains fairly constant, save for a small drop, during the second subperiod. The total quantity of solids exuded in the urine is diminished during the administration of the preservative, and this diminution continues with increased rapidity during the after period. The amount of common salt excreted appears to decrease during the preservative period, and this diminution increases in a marked degree in the after period. With No. 4 there is a marked increase in the volume of urine during the preservative period and a noticeable decrease during the after period. There appears to be a marked depression in the specific gravity during the second and third preservative subperiods, the number falling to an abnormally low figure, and there is a general decrease of specific gravity during the entire preservative period, due, probably in a large measure, to the increased volume of urine excreted. There is an increase in the specific gravit}^ during the after period, due to dimin ished volume. A marked increase is shown in the total quantity of solids in the urine during the first preservative subperiod, while the total average quantit}^ for the three subperiods is very nearly the same as that for the fore period. There is a remarkable decrease, however, in the total solids excreted during the after period. The average quantitj^ of salt excreted during the preservative period is almost the same as in the fore period, but the amount in the after period is very much less. In the case of No. 6 there is little change in the volume of urine during the preservative period, and it is slightl}' diminished during the after period. The specific gravit}^ remains quite constant throughout the whole series of observations. The total solids excreted show a constantly diminishing tendency, with the exception of the second preservative subperiod, where the quantity excreted is slightly greater than in the preceding subperiod. This diminution in the quantity of total solids excreted continues in a marked degree during the after period. Common salt eliminated also diminishes during the preserva- BOEIC ACID AND BORAX. 173 tive period to a quite notable extent, and this diminution continues in the after period. In the case of No. 6 there is a slight increase in the volume of the urine during* the preservative period, and a decrease during the after period. The total solids excreted remain quite constant throughout all the periods. The quantit}' of salt excreted is diminished during the preservative period, with a slight tendency during the after period to return to the normal of the fore period. It is interesting to compare now the data of Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, the only complete data for the whole series which are not burdened with complications due to illness and other accidents which render their comparative use inadvisable. Summarizing the data for these four subjects we find the following results: The average daily quantity of urine during the fore period is 1,018 cc, during the j)reservative period 1,064 cc, and during the after period 908 cc. These data show a very slight influence on the part of the pre- servative to increase the volume of the urine. In regard to the specific gravity, we find that of the fore period to be 1.0266, of the preservative period 1.0251, and of the after period 1.0256. These data show a very slight tendency on the part of the preservative to diminish the specific gravity of the urine, partly due at least to its increased volume. In regard to the quantity of total solids excreted, we note that in the fore period it is 65.533 grams, during the preservative period 62.990 grams, and during the after period 51. 561 grams. There appears to be a marked tendenc}' here on the part of the preservative to diminish the total quantity of solids excreted in the urine, and this tendency persists in a noticeable degree during the after period. In regard to the amount of common salt excreted, we find that it is 12.452 grams in the fore period, 10.279 grams in the preservative period, and 7.957 grams in the after period. We note here a tendency to decrease the excretion of common salt during the administration of the preservative, and that this tendency continues to a great extent during the after period. In general, it may be said from the results of these observations, so far as the third series is concerned, that boric acid has but little, if an}', effect in increasing the volume of the urine. It has an effect, apparently, toward decreasing the specific gravity of the urine. It has a marked (effect in decreasing the amount of solid matters excreted, and also the amount of common salt, which forms a considerable part of the total excretion of solid n)atter from the kidneys. We note also that these d(!pressing effects which have been mentioned persist to a greater or l(;ss extent during the after period. Judged by these data as a whole, the conclusion seems logical that the general tendency of the preservative is to diminish or impair those metabolic processes which furnish th(; solid matters excreted in the 174 I^'FLUEXCE OF FOOD PKESERTATIVES OX HEALTH. urine, and that this impairment persists for a considerable time after the cessation of the administration. Series IV. The only complete comparisons in this series are of Nos. 8. 9, and 10. By reason of a disturbance on account of illness and other causes, Xos. 7. 11. and 12 are made subjects of partial or fragmentary com- parison. In the case of Xo, S it is seen that the volume of urine in the fore period is 995 cc daily, during the preservative period 958 cc, and during the after period 901 cc. There is thus a progressive decrease in the quantity of urine. This can not. hoAvever. be attributed to the preservative, because during the progress of this observation the season advanced from early spring, March 20, to late spring, April 22. The decrease, therefore, in this case in the volume of the urine is rather to be ascribed to the progressive increase in temperature than to the effect of the preservative. In the case of No. 9 the volume of the urine during the fore period is 1,238 cc, during the preservative period 1,313 cc, and during the after period 1,374 cc daily. Here we have a slight increase in the volume of the urine, which seems to depend either upon the action of the pre- servative or upon the relative quantities of water consumed. In the case of No. l*' the volume of urine during the fore period is 971 cc daily, during the preservative period 995 cc. and during the after period 864: cc. In this instance there is a very slight increase in the volume of the urine during the preservative period and a consid- erable decrease in the volume during the after period. In regard to the .specific gravity of the urine, it is seen in the case of No. 8 that there is little change throughout the period. In the case of No. 9 the urine is decidedly lighter than in the case of No. 8, due doubtless to a larger volume. During the preservative period, in which the volume is considerably increased, the specific gravity is correspondingly lowered, and this dilution continues also during the after period. With No. 10 the .specific gravity is high, as compared with No. 9 and even with No. 8. There is a decided decrease in specific gravity during the preservative period, and this dilution of the urine is con- tinued during the after period. In regard to the quantity of total solids eliminated, we find a con- siderable decrease in the case of No. 8 in the preservative period, the average daily quantity falling from 59.57 grams to 56.20 grams. This decrease in total solids continues also during the after period, the aver- age daily quantity exuded during this period being 51.92 grams. In this case the general effect of the preservative seems to have been to BOBIC ACID A>'D BORAX. 175 diminish the amount of total solids eliminated by the urine in spite of the fact that the crreater part of the boric acid exhibited passed out of the }x)dy through the kidneys. This inhibiting effect, a.s seen, con- tinues during the after period, as might have been expected by reason of the fact that it required practically all of the after period to elimi- nate the last traces of boric acid from the body. In Xo. 9"s case the opposite effect is noticed, the amount of total solids eliminated rising from 61.16 as the daily average of the fore period to 63.67 as the daily avei-age of the preservative period. There is a los.s, however, during the after period in this case, the quantit}- of total solids eliminated falling to 60.72 grams per day. The data for No. 1" show that the quantity ©f total solids eliminated during the fore period is 62.55 grams daih', during the preservative period 58.82 grams, and during the after period 50.98 grams. In this ca.se. as with Xo. S. there is a progressive decrease in the quantity of total solids excreted, including the after period. As regards the common salt, in the case of No. 8 the quantity elimi- nated daily during the fore period is 7.52 grams, during the preserva- ive period 6.50 grams, and during the after period 4.83 grams, show- ing a progressive diminution. The quantity of common salt eliminated b}- No. 9 during the fore period is 6,44 grams, during the presen'ative period 7.42 grams, and during the after period 7. 19 grams. In this instance we see an increase in the common salt eliminated during the preservative period, with a tendency during the after period to restore the excretion to the rate of the fore period. No. 10 during the fore period eliminates daily 7.65 grams of com- mon salt, during the preservative period 7.22 grams, and during the after period 6.48 grams. Therefore, in the case of No. 10 the data obtained agree with those of No. 8, while in the case of No. 9 the results do not agree with those of Nos. 8 and 10. A partial comparison mav be made of Nos. 11 and 12, but by reason of illness the administration of the preservative is of an irreguhir character, and hence the data are not strictly coniparable. In No. ll's ca.se a disturbance of the bodily functions not due to the ! ministration of the preservative occurred inmiediately after the • gular fore period of Series IV. Therefore No. 11 received special treatment. His fore period begins March 31, the preservative period \l)ril 4. and the after period April 15. Comparing the fore period ith the preservative period we find a marked increase in volume of urine, while the specific gravity is slightly decrea.sed. The total solids, however, rise from 35.41 grams daily to 52.64 grams, and the common salt rises from 2.18 grams daily to 5.13 grams. In the after period of Xo. 11 the specific gravity is still very low, namely, 1.020. There is 176 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. also an additional slight diminution in the quantity of total solids eliminated, while the quantity of common salt separated remains prac- tically the same as in the preservative period. In cases of incipient illness there was often noted a marked decrease of salt in the urine. The data of No. 11 show this phenomenon in a notable degree. The quantity of salt excreted on April 1 in this case is onl}'^ a little over 1 gram and the mean quantity from March 31 to April 3, inclusive, is a little over 2 grams daily. The case of No. 12 is similar to that of No. 11; the fore period begins April 3, the preservative period April 6, and the after period April 15. There is here, also, a low specific gravity of the urine, being practically the *same, howevei", for all periods, showing a remarkable constanc}^ of composition in so far as specific gravity is concerned. There was, however, a decrease in volume in the pre- servative period and a continued decrease in the after period. Of the total solids eliminated, we find in the fore period 57.53 grams daily, in the preservative period 62.83 grams, while in the after period the amount falls to 51. 36 grams daily. Of common salt, the quantity eliminated during the fore period is 11.50 grams daily, dur- ing the preservative period 11.31 grams, and during the after period 8.66 grams. The quantities of common salt eliminated by this subject, it is seen, are very much larger than those thrown off by any other of the members of the class, but the records show he also consumed a greater quantity. In the case of No. 7 the data are complete only for the prelimi- nary period and the first preservative subperiod. At- the end of this period No. 7, by reason of removal from the city, withdrew from the table. The volume of the urine during the fore period in the case of No. 7 is 667 cc and during the first preservative subperiod 685 cc daily. The specific gravity during the fore period is slightly lower than dur- ing the first preservative subperiod. The total solids eliminated are considerably greater in the first subperiod than during the preliminary period, and the same is true of the quantity of common salt eliminated. Bringing together the data in the cases of Nos. 8, 9, and 10, we find the total volume of urine for the fore period to be 1,065 cc, for the preservative period 1,099 cc, and for the after period 1,046 cc daily. There seems, in this instance, to be a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the volume of the urine, but this increase is extremely minute. As regards the specific gravity, it is found to be 1.0244 during the fore period, 1.0232 as the average of the preserv- ative period, and 1.0225 during the after period. There seems to be a tendency manifested here on the part of the preservative to gradu- ally lower the specific gravity of the urine. This effect, however, is not very well marked. In regard to the total solids eliminated, we find that during the fore period the amount is 61.095 grams, during BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 177 the preservative period, 59.579 grams, and during the after period, 54.541 grams daily. There appears in this instance to be a decided tendency on the part of the preservatives to diminish the quantity of total solids eliminated by the kidney's, and this diminution, as might well be expected, continues during the after period. Generally it may be said that in the case of Series IV the adminis- tration of the preservative had scarcelj^ any appreciable eflect in changing the volume of the urine, and the slight changes noted may well have been due to changes in the amount of liquid ingested rather than to the preservative itself. On the other hand it is seen that in regard to the quantity of total solids eliminated the general effect of the preservative is restrictive. The influence of the preservative upon the quantity of salt eliminated is not mai'ked, and a comparison of the data would be incomplete without an accurate statement respect- ing the quantity consumed in the food. < Series V. The data for this series are incomplete by reason of the withdrawal of No. 4 and the illness of Nos. 2 and 6. A comparison is best made, therefore, of the three who completed the period, in so far as the col- lection and examination of the urine is concerned. The data are given in Table XXXIX (p. 192). , The average quantity of urine voided by No. 1 during the fore period is 842 cc, containing an average of 60.83 grams of total solids, of which 6.89 grams are common salt. The average quantit}^ of urine voided by No. 1 during the whole preservative period, extending from May 2 to June 20, inclusive, is 804 cc, containing 60.02 grams of solids, of which 7.62 grams are common salt. In the after period the average quantity of urine voided is 789 cc, containing 59.64 grams of total solids, of which 7.73 grams are common salt. The data for No. 2 are not discussed, as no preservative was given him after June 11, on account of illness. In the case of No. 3 the average volume of urine excreted in the fore period is 785 cc, containing 50.56 grams of total solids, of which 6.23 grams are common salt. During the preservative period the average volume of urine excreted 1)}^ No. 3 is 834 cc, containing 52.42 grams of total solids, of which 6.64 grams are common salt. During the after period the average volume of urine secreted by No. 3 is 893 cc, containing 56.55 grams of total solids, of which 7.21 grams are common salt. No complete data were obtained for No. 4, who withdrew f i-om the table on May 25 and left the city. In the case of No. 5 the average volume of urine secreted during the fore period Im 869 cc, containing 64.16 grams of total solids, of which 5.49 grams are common salt. During the preservative period 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 12 . 178 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. the average quantity of urine excreted is 854: cc, containing 62. Y8 grams of total solids, of which 7.65 grams are common salt. During the after period the average volume of urine excreted is 854 cc, con- taining 60.21 grams of total solids, of which 7.66 grams are common salt. No preservative was administered to No. 6 after June 11 on account of illness. In this series of experiments No. 5 received borax and Nos. 1 and 3 boric acid. Combining the three expressions into one, we find that the average daily volume of urine excreted during the fore period b}'' Nos. 1, 3, and 5 is 832 cc, containing 58.52 grams of total solids, of which 6.2 grams are common salt. During the preservative period the average quantity of urine excreted is 831 cc, containing 58.11 grams of total solids, of which 7.3 grams are common salt. During the after period the total amount of urine excreted is 815 cc, contain- ing 58.8 grams of total solids, of which 7.53 grams are common salt. It appears from the above general averages that the administration of the small quantities of the preservative during this long period had scarcely an}- influence whatever upon the composition of the urine. The volume remained reasonably constant during the entire time, the percentage of total solids was almost invariable, and there were but slight changes in the amount of common salt eliminated. Apparently the preservative had a slight effect in increasing the amount of com- mon salt excreted, since only 6.2 grams were obtained in the fore period, while about 1 gram more was secured during the preservative period, and about 1.3 grams more during the after period. It is evi- dent, however, from the above data that the administration of the small quantities of the preservative as practiced did not tend either to increase the volume of urine or in any notable way to change its constitution. In regard to the smaller volume of urine during the fifth series, it must be borne in mind that the temperature — in other words, the sea- son of the year — has a marked influence on excretion. With one or two exceptions, the same men were represented in the three series, 1, III, and V. In Series I and Series III, however, the observations were conducted during the winter, while in Series V they were made during the spring, with increasing warm weather. The total volume of urine secreted, as is seen, is much larger during the winter months than during the summer months, by reason of the fact that a much larger proportion of the water in the bod}^ passes off through the pores of the skin during the warm weather. This difference is more strikingly brought out by a direct comparison of the average amount secreted by Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 6, who completed Series I, III, and V, BORIC ACID AND BORAX. Table XXVIII. — Effect of temperature upon volume of urine 179 Series. Date. Average daily volume of urine per man. Beginning. Ending. I Dec. 16,1902 Feb. 19,1903 Apr. 24,1903 Jan. 13,1903 Mar. 19,1903 June 29,1903 cc. 929 Ill 860 V 780 To determine the general effect of the preservative upon the volume of urine eliminated it will be necessary to combine, as in the other cases, the data for the different series, which is done in the following tabular statement, omitting Series II. Table XXIX. — Influence of the preservative on volume of urine secreted. Periods and series. Number of days. Number of men. Average daily volume of urine per man. Fore periods: 6 9 8 8 6 4 3 ec. 946 III 1,818 IV 1.06.5 V 3 '832 %9 Preser\-ative periods: 13 12 18 50 6 1.046 III 4 3 3 1,064 IV 1,099 V . 831 960 After periofls: 10 8 8 9 6 986 III 4 908 IV . 3 1,046 V 3 845 Average a. a To secure the average the number of days in each period is multiplied by the nnmber of men in the .series, and the volume is multiplied Ijy the factor thus obtained. The resulting products are then added and finally their sum is divided by the sum of the factors. A study of the averages of the above data shows that, compared with the fore period, there is practically no difference in the volume of urine secreted during the administration of the preservative. The data do not warrant any definite conclusion except of a negativ^e nature, with a possible exception of suggesting that there may be a very slight impairment of the ability of the kidneys to secrete the urine by reason of the administration of borax and boric acid. 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Table XXXVII. — Urine determinations for Series 2 V—Contiimed. Nc .11. No. 12. Period and date. Vol- ume. Specific gravity. Total solids (factor 0.245). Sodium chlorid. Vol- ume. Specific gravity. Total solids (factor 0.245). Sodium chlorid. Fore period (excluded). J903 Mar 20 cc. 1,380 1,310 1,835 1,020 1,405 1,420 1,255 1,240 1. 0146 1.0167 1.0130 1.0206 1. 0158 1.0173 1.0162 1. 0197 Grams. 49. 375 63. 605 58.440 51.480 54.050 60. 198 49. 810 59. 858 Grams. 6.983 6.628 6.257 6.161 4. 651 6.092 5.748 7.478 cc. 1,130 1,150 1,675 1,140 1,366 990 1,710 1,145 1.0213 1. 0249 1.0146 1.0244 1. 0181 1.0239 1.0158 1. 0216 Grams. 58.963 70.160 59. 930 68. 150 60.540 57. 980 66.190 60.625 Grams. 11. 313 21 ^ 12.624 22 8.326 23 10.420 24 11.944 25 10.485 26 11.817 27 :. 10.638 Total 10, 865 1,358 436. 816 54. 602 48. 998 6.125 10,305 1,288 502.538 62.817 87. 466 1.0167 1.0206 10.933 Preservative period ( excluded ) . First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 1,445 1,400 815 1.0158 1.0171 1. 0192 55.938 58. 650 38.340 7.803 7.910 4.401 940 960 905 a 935 1.0256 1.0262 1.0261 58. 958 61. 630 57. 587 a 59. 392 9.043 29 9.676 30 9.932 31 a 9. 550 Total 3,740 935 237. 567 69.392 38. 201 1.0259 9.650 Fore period. 1903— Mar. 31 970 360 840 925 1.0144 1. 0306 1.0188 1. 0184 34. 220 26.995 38. 700 41. 708 2.842 1.123 1.932 2.803 Apr. 1 2 3 760 1,220 1,890 1.0261 1. 0198 1.0144 46.735 59. 180 66. 679 7.168 4 12 334 5 14. 988 Total 3,095 774 141. 623 35.406 8.700 2.176 3,870 1,290 172. .594 57.531 34 490 Average 1. 0206 1. 0198 11 497 Preservative period. 1903— Mar. 4 1,455 1,620 800 1,140 1,120 1,020 1,045 1,400 1,610 1,355 920 1.0154 1.0144 1. 0233 1.0191 1. 0172 1.0189 1. 0210 1. 0160 1.0134 1.0177 1.0236 54.900 67. 168 45. 680 53. 345 47. 200 47.230 53. 780 54.880 52. 900 58. 763 53.202 6.024 6.318 4.752 5.438 5.018 4.866 4.327 5.726 5.023 4. 959 3.956 5 6 1,500 1,210 980 1,070 1,250 1,245 1,260 1, 085 1,555 1. 0195 1.0226 1.0233 1. 0249 1. 0212 1.0162 1.0202 1.0224 1.0182 71.670 67. 000 65.959 66.280 64. 930 49.416 62. 360 69.545 69.340 15 160 7 13 287 8 9 663 9 10 093 10 11 300 11 7 991 12 10 232 13 . 9.332 15.038 14 Total 13, 485 1,226 579.038 52. 640 56.406 5.128 11,155 1,239 565.499 62.833 102.099 11.344 Average 1.0182 1.0209 After period. 1903— Mar. 15 1,195 1,115 1,000 815 1,005 900 1,150 1,200 1.0169 1. 0166 1.0195 1.0257 1.0207 1.0225 1. 0195 1. 0182 49.485 45. 350 47. 775 61. 320 50. 960 49. 617 54. 948 53. 508 5.067 4.182 3.610 4.360 6.869 .5.778 5.209 6.640 1,046 900 650 900 1,095 1,345 1,670 955 1.0160 1.0237 1. 0246 1.0248 1.0232 1.0168 1. 0132 1.0223 40.965 .52.263 39. 170 54.684 62.240 55.360 64. 008 52. 166 7.012 7.138 6.564 9.009 13. 514 10.854 9.101 7.057 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total 8,380 1,048 402. 963 50. 370 40.615 5.077 8,560 1,070 410. 915 51.364 69.249 8.666 Average 1.0200 1. 0206 a Average in each case, added to complete the record. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. lyi Table XXXVIII. — Summary of urine determinations for Series IV. [Averages per man per day.] THREE MEN. Period. Fore period Preservative period : First subperiod Second .subperiod Third subperiod Fourth subperiod ; Average After period for entire preservative period TWO MEN. Fore period Preservative period After period FIVE MEN Fore period First subperiod Volume. 1,065 1,066 1,018 1,084 1,205 1,099 1,046 .Specific gravity. Grams. 1.0244 1.0238 1.0251 1. 0235 1. 0206 Total solids. Sodium chlorid. Grams. 61.095 60. 130 60. 288 60. 358 57. 728 1.0232 1.0225 59. 579 54.541 Grams. 7.205 7.269 7.317 7.019 6.606 7.026 6.163 1,032 1,232 1,059 1.0202 1.0196 1.0203 46.469 57. 737 50.867 6.836 8.236 6.867 1,032 963 1.0247 1.0259 58.543 58. 657 7.946 7.947 192 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKE8EEVATIVES ON HEALTH. CO 6 |2 S C5 7. 526 4.334 7.148 5.895 CO 03 OC^ OiC-1 OOlOCD-t^?— 'T— iCO-^OOOC^CS S?io^•^^l>oOTt IM O CO l^iOI>t^'XJCOC3CO cS'dSS" .rHOOOiCOiOOit^C^ MCOr-l;OC<10COCO00-*'CS>-rtcocnTtCO (M CI (M Tj^ O -X) -^ t^ rH^CJOOS-^COCO C1':OiOOOOtPiHO oicoc^ioc^ e CO i^oiyD^oiooiC iC iC iO lO lO lO ^ lO CO 60 cooocoocoo IMC-KNtMfNCOC^Cq oooooooo THrHrHr^rHrHrHT-H o c^ ci ci c] ci ci ci ci ci OOOOOOOOO o COiOCOOs-^OiOOO T-H T-H ■"^ tH)-(i-ItHi— (fHiHi-l d O OOOOOlOOiO t^TjHOOCSOO-^'^CO 1^ 00 CO CD OO'MOOOOOOOOiO COO-#a>':OOOiOOiMiO(M'X) 001"^00L'^00I>00COOSOiOiG0 o-i< i-HOO OOiOOOOOO ^OO-Tt^OiLOT-HCqoO ooi>ooi>oot>ici-^ c-i. d a-s - D S CO o OrHlOI^ C-l O -f^ 00 OiCOOartt -O O CO CO coco lO CO Oi(M o'lO r^Oi-icot^osr^OLOOiMr-f oc^ccco«3oooo'X>ai'^'y30 (MCOtOOCSiOOOOOt-CC-^ I> 00 cno ClOOOCq rH'^ r-(0 cooor^iOiCi-ioo l^OOCOiiTCOOSO lO O O O GO 'g^ '^t^" id y3 O 1> lO CO CO lomioioco-^co"^ CO *^ ■ . tJ< O (M W CO .-H O 05 gcOOOl-^OOTJdcc CO ^I^drHlOCOi-ll/S 1^' 3'> CO tao oo^cor^c«OfM0OTfCOCOrHCD000Or^00'5< CI C^l (M 0-\ Ol CO C] CJ CI C3 (M CO oooooooooooo 00 o cioioooot^r^'^os C^ CO ^ O I> OS CO O coci cjcocq caoico OOOOOOOO i-HrHT-Hr-tr-Hi— li-ii— (1— li-li-l!-i '"^ d a o > oooooomio ■^oocioooQOOTr .OOC0001:^00^0 1> ooo OOOOiOOOiOOiOiOO C<10^iOl>i-ll:^00OJ00C0ai"* 00i>0300OL0CDJ-^t0I>l>C0 cn iCiOOOOiOOO Ost^OGOi^-'^crso cO:OOOOOiX)l>CO 1-5 d ID. 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[Averages per man per day.] Period. Volume. Specific gravity. Total solids. Sodium chlorid. Fore period Preservative period: First .'subperiod Second subperiod Third subperiod Fourth subperiod Average for entire preservative period After period 855 813 833 825 1.0288 1.0278 1.0295 1.0289 1.0286 Grams. 58. 518 59. 718 58. 248 58. 494 57. 164 831 845 1.0287 1. 0286 58. 406 58.798 Grams. 6. 200 7.781 7.176 7.298 6. 951 7.302 7.533 TRACES OF ALBUMIN. In no instance was the quantitj^ of albumin in the urine sufficient to excite suspicion of a state of disease. There were, however, in some cases minute traces of albuminous particles, responding to the ordi- nary reactions, which should be noted. For convenience of illustra- tion the presence of these minute quantities is represented graphically. In the first series the tests for these traces of albumin were not regular!}' made; therefore the first series of observations is excluded from the comparison. In the succeeding series a comparison has been made of all the members of each series who completed the entire course of observation. Those who went through partially or were incapaci- tated by illness or otherwise from completing the course are excluded. A graphic representation is made of these traces of albumin, based upon the strength of the reaction ascertained, for in no case was there a quantity sufficient to be measured with any accuracy quantitatively. The amount of albumin present is expressed according to the following scale: «, Very minute trace; J, minute trace; c, trace; 6?, strong trace; e, .small quantity; _/, considerable quantit3\ (See fig. 8.) The data represent the mean for all men of each series completing the entire cour.se, namely, one in Series II, three in Series JII, two in Series IV, and four in Series V. The lines at the ))ottom of the chart represent the mean results of Series II, III, IV, and V combined. The dotted line in each case shows the daily variations, and the continuous line shows the mean quantity for the whole of the period. In Series II a slight increase in the quantity of the albumin in the urine under the influence of the preservative is shown, and this increase is continued in a marked manner in the after period until near its b| So. V) f e d c d c b a e d c b p i cr C b a d e b a TOf E ( 'ER OD PR ESE RV m\ E I =ER OD fi FT :r PERIO D f e d C d c b a e d e b H O e b a d % AS II «s> Sim i i3o to ,''' \ / \ / \ / \ -s^ ^ ^ .^^ "^.^ / '■'■'- x^ — ,-■ y r^r = = 1^— -^ ' ~" ■~~- -^ '^- / \ .^ •''■ "^ ::v- ^ i:^^ -^ .-. ,^ / V , ^ '"■" ^ N / '~~- -^ / \ ^ \ / '' a . VERY MINUTE TRACE b = MINUTE TRACE e = TRACE d = STRONG TRACE e =, SMALL QUANTITY f := CONSIDERABLE QUANTITY DA -YV \RIA riON I— — ,/ -- ' \ \ / X .--' ,y ^_ /' -^' '~~-- •''' --, ..._ ,/ '"- T^ ♦ ,-^ \ ,y \, _ .^ ==- ..-- ■ -— -~. .^- — — ■--. "- b a _ Fig. 8. — Albumin in urine. When all these expressions are combined into one it is shown that the general influence of the preservative was to increase the traces of albumin in the urine, and this increase was maintained in the same mag- nitude during the after period. These data are highly interesting, showing, as they do with reasonable certainty, a very slight tendency on the part of boric acid and borax to increase the traces of albumin in the urine. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 199 MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATIONS. Microscopical examinations of the urine were made for the follow- ing substances: (1) Uric acid crystals. (2) Urates. (3) Oxalate of lime. (4) Phosphates: (a) Crystalline phosphates. (6) Amorphous phosphates. (5) Epithelium cells of all kinds. (6) Leucocytes. (7) Red blood cells. (8) Casts: (a) Hyaline. (6) Finely granular. (c) Coarsely granular. (rf) Epithelial. (e) Other forms. (9) Mucous cylindroids. (10) Mucous strands. The data relative to these examinations are contained in the tabular statement given herewith. (Tables XLI-XLIV, pp. 207-211). The relative abundance of the various bodies is represented as follows: None,0; very few, 1; few, 2; fairly abundant, 3; abundant, 1; extremely abundant, 5. Series II. Uric acid crystals. — This examination was not instituted until after the close of the first series, and the first test was made during the second series, three days after the close of the fore period. The second examination was made on February 20, near the close of the supple- mental preservative period. In no instance were uric acid crystals found. Urates. — A similar examination was made for urates, with the same result. Oxalate of lime. — The urine was also examined at the same time for crystals of oxalate of lime. In the urine of No. 8 a considerable num- ber of crystals was found during })oth periods. In the case of No. 9 a very few crystals were found during the second period. In the case of No. 11 crystals of oxalate of lime occurred during the first period, but none during the second, and the same is true in the case of No. 12, only the crystals were less abundant. (JryHtalllne ])}i.ospli.atM. — No crystalline phosphates were found in any of the samples at either period of examination. ArrtorpJums jphosplmtes. — Amorphous phosphates were found to be abundant in the urine of No, 8 during the second periofl of observa- tion, but in no other case did tliey occur. 200 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. JEpithelktm cells.— T\iq,sq bodies were found in all samples during both periods of examination. They were more abundant during the second period than the first. Leucocytes. — Leucocytes were found in all samples during both periods. There is scarcely any difference in the relative abundance of these bodies during the two periods of observation except in the case of No. 8, where there was an increase in the number during the sec- ond period. Red hlood cells. — Red blood cells were absent in all cases, except in the case of No. 8 during the second period, when some of these bodies were found. Hyaline casts. — Hyaline casts were found in two instances during the first examination, namely, in the cases of Nos. 10 and 12, and in all of the samples during the second period of observation, being fairly abundant in the case of No. 7. In the case of No. 10 there was a diminution in the number found as compared with the fi.rst period. Finely gramilar casts. — These were present in two instances in the first examination, namely, Nos. 10 and 12, and also in two instances dur- ing the second period, namely, Nos. 9 and 12, the number increasing in the case of No. 12. Coarsely granular casts. — These were found in only one instance in the first period, namely, that of No. 12, and during the second period of examination once in the case of No. 9. Epithelial casts. — Epithelial casts were entirely absent in all cases during the first examination and occurred only in the case of No. 12 during the second. Other forms of casts. — Forms of casts which appeared to be hyaline pus casts were found in the case of No. 12 during the first examina- tion, but had disappeared at the time of the second examination. Mucous cylindroids. — Mucous cylindroids were present in all instances during both the first and second examinations. The}^ were somewhat more abundant during the second examination in the case of No. 8 and less abundant in the case of No. 10. In the other cases the relative abundance during the two periods was unchanged. Mucous strands. — These bodies were present in all cases during both examinations. During the first examination they were abundant in the case of No. 7 and extremely abundant in the case of No. 9. Dur- ing the second examination they were extremely abundant in the cases of Nos. 7 and 8. The strands increased in abundance at the period of the second examination in the cases of Nos. 7, 8, 10, and 12. They diminished in abundance in the second examination in the case of No. 9 and remained unchanged in the case of No. 11. The above data show that very little change in the relative abun- dance of the various bodies mentioned occurred between the time of the first and second examinations. There is shown, however, a slight tend- BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 201 ency to increase in the number of these bodies at the period of the second examination. Disturbances which took place in the health of the members of the series, due to grippe and other diseases, render an}^ discussion of this relative abundance in connection with the administra- tion of the preservative impracticable. Series III. Four examinations were made for these bodies in the urine during the third series. The tirst examination was made on February 19 and 20, at the beginning of the fore period; the second examination was made on ^Nlarch 12, at the end of the preservative period; the third examination was made on March IT, during the after period, and the final examination was made on March 20, at the end of the after period. (See Table XLIl, p. 208.) Uric-acid et'ystals. — During the fore period no uric-acid crystals are found in any instance. The same is true of the preservative period. In the after period uric-acid crystals occur in the cases of Nos. 1 and 2, and in the case of No. 2 these crystals are fairly abundant at the close of the after period. Urates. — No urates are founH in any of the samples during any of the periods. Oxalate of lime. — Crystals of oxalate of lime are fairly abundant in the case of No. 3 in the fore period, diminishing slightly in the preserva- tive period. The}' are again fairly abundant in the tirst examination of the after period and extremely abundant in the final examination of the after period. In the case of No. 6 no crystals of oxalate of lime are found in the fore period. They appear in the preservative period, there are a few in the first examination of the after period, and an abun- dance in the second examination of the after period. In the case of No. 4 oxalate of lime ci-ystals are found only during the first exami- nation of the after period. In the case of No. 5 these bodies are found only in the second examination of the after period. In the cases of Nos. 1 and 2 oxalate of lime crystals are not found at any period. Crystalline phosjjhates. — No crystalline phosphates are found in any instance except in the case of No. .5, where a very few occur duriiig the last examination of the after period. Epithelium, cells. — These are found throughout the examinations in all cases. In the fore period they are fairly abundant in the case of No, G. In th(! preservative period thev beconu; al)un(laiit in the case of No. 2 and fairly abundant in the case of No, G. In the first examination of the after period th<'y are abuiuhint in the cases of Nos, 2 and 6. In the second examination of th(; after pei-iod they an; fairly abundant in the cases of Nos. 2 and 0, No exa'inination was made in the cas«5 of No. 4 during the preservative jM'riod, Leucocytes.- '^Xw'ni'; bodies appear iti all instances at every examina- 202 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. tion. They are fairl}^ abundant in the fore period in the case of No. 6 and also in the last examination of the after period. In other cases they occur in small numbers or in the quantity represented by 2. No exam- ination was made for leucocytes in the case of No. 4 during the pre- servative period. Red Hood cells. — These are absent in all cases during all the periods. Hyaline casts. — These are present in all instances during the whole examination except in the case of No. 1, where none is present at the examination of the preservative period and the first examination of the after period. The casts are fairly abundant in the case of No. 5 at the first examination of the after period and in the case of No. 6 at the last examination of the after period. In most instances they are either few or fairly abundant, as indicated by the figures in the tables. Finely gramdar casts. — These are present in all instances except in the case of No. 1 in the preservative period and the first examination of the after period, in the case of No. 2 during the fore period and last examination of the after period, and in the case of No. 4: during the fore period. No examination was made in the case of No. 4 for the pre- servative period. These casts are fairly abundant in the case of No. 3 during the first and second examinations, in the case of No. 5 during the third examination, and in the case of No. 6 during the fourth exam- ination, and abundant in the case of No. 3 at the fourth examination. Coarsely gramdai' casts. — These are found to be present in about half the samples examined. They are fairly abundant in the case of No. 3 at the first and fourth examinations and in No. 6 at the fourth examination. Epithelial casts. — These are found only in the case of No. 3 at the first and fourth examinations. Other forms of casts. — None of these is found in any instance. Mucous cylindroids. — These are present in nearly all cases. They are fairly abundant in the case of No. 1 at the first and fourth examina- tions; in the case of No. 2 in the first, third, and fourth examinations, and abundant in the second examination and in the case of No. 6 at the second and third examinations. They are extremely abundant in the case of No. 6 at the first and fourth examinations. They are not found in the case of No. 1 at the second examination or in the case of No. 5 at the third. No test was made of the sample from No. 4 at the second examination. Mucotis strands. — These are present in all cases. They are fairly abundant in the case of No. 1 and No. 3 at the third examination. They are abundant in the case of No. 1 at the second and fourth; in the case of No. 2 at the first, second, and fourth; in the case of No. 3 at the first and second; in the case of No. 4 at the first, third, and fourth; in the case of No. 6 at the second, third, and fourth, and in the case of No. 6 at the second and third examinations. They are extremely BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 203 abundant in the case of No. 1 at the first, No. 5 at the first, and No. 6 at the first and fourth examinations. A study of the data above given, as a whole, fails to reveal an}^ dis- tinct connection between the relative abundance of the bodies looked for and the administration of the preservative. Series IV. Five examinations were made during the fourth series — one during the fore period, three during the preservative period, and one for the after period. (See Table XLIII, p. 209.) Uric-acid cnjstaTs. — No crvstals of uric acid are found in any instance in the examinations of the urine during the fourth series. Urates. — No urates are found in an}^ of the examinations of the fourth series. Oxalate of lime. — Crystals of oxalate of lime are found in numerous instances. They are fairly abundant in the cases of Nos. 8, 11, and 12. They are abundant in the first examination of No. 8 and the last examination of No. 11. They occur with more or less irregularity in abundance in the other instances in so far as the examinations were completed. In man}^ cases during this series the examinations were not complete because of illness or other irregularities of the subjects. Where examinations were not made the fact is indicated in the table b\' a blank. Ci^dalline j)hosphate8. — These are found only in two instances, and then at the last examination in the cases of Nos. 8 and 9. Epithelium celh. — These are found in all cases, a few in most instances, fairly abundant in one instance in No. 9 and in one instance in No. 12, and abundant in the first examination of No. 12. Leucocytes. — These are found in all instances, fairly abundant in three cases in No. 8 and in two cases in No. 12, abundant in the case of the first and last examinations of No. 12, and extremely abundant in the two examinations made of No. 7. Red Uood cells. — These bodies are not found in any instance. Hyaline casts. — These bodies are found in most instances, but are fairly abundant only in the last examination of No. 10. Finely (jraimlar casts. — These also are found in most instances, but are not quite so constant as in the preceding case. They are fairly al)undant only in one instance, namel}', the next to the last examina- tion of No. 8. Coarnely granular casts. — These are found in about one-third of the samples exainined. They are abundant in the next to the last exami- nation of N(j. 8, while in all othci- cases where they occur they are very few in numbei'. Epithelial casts.— 'V\utsi\ an- not found in any instance. 204 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Other forms of casts. — No other forms of casts are found in any instance. Mucous cylind/roids. — These are found in every instance, and they are fairly abundant in the first examination of No. 8, in the fourth examination of No. 9, in the first, second, and third examinations of No. 10, in the fourth examination of No. 11, and in the third examina- tion of No. 12. They are abundant in the second examination of No. 7, in the second and fourth examinations of No. 8, in the first and second examinations of No. 9, and in the fifth examination of No. 12. Mucous strands. — These are found also in every instance. They are fairly abundant in the second and third examinations of No. ] 0, in the fourth examination of No. 11, and in the second and fourth examinations of No. 12. They are abundant in the first and second examinations of No. T, in the first, second, and fourth examinations of No. 8, in the first and fourth examinations of No. 9, and in the first and third exam- inations of No. 12. They are extremely abundant in the second examination of No. 9 and in the fifth examination of No. 12. A general summary of the above data, while giving interesting infor- mation in regard to the occurrence of these microscopical bodies in the urine, fails to reveal an}^ definite connection between the abundance of the occurrence and the influence of the preservative administered. Series V. Ten examinations were made for the bodies under discussion during the fifth series — one during the fore period, eight during the preserv- ative period, and one for the after period. (See Table XLIV, p. 210.) Uric-acid crystals. — ^No crystals of uric acid are found in the cases of Nos. 4 and 6. No. 4, however, left the city before the end of the period. The crystals are found only once in the cases of No. 3 and No. 5, and then only a very few are present. They occur quite frequently in the case of No. 1 and at the last examination are abundant. The}'^ also appear quite frequently in the case of No. 2 during the preservative period, but at no other time. These data show a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the number of uric-acid crys- tals, although the greatest number was found in the case of No. 1 in the after period. Urates. — Urates are found only in the case of No. 2, and that about the middle of the preservative period. They are fairly abundant at that time, but rapidly disappear. There may possibly be some connection between their appearance and the administration of the preservative, but it is not ver}^ strongly brought out. Oxalate of lime. — Oxalate of lime crystals are found in every sam- ple except one in the eases of Nos. 1 and 3. They become abundant in the case of No. 3 toward the end of the preservative period and during the after period. They occur irregularly in the case of No. 1. The crystals are found at first in the case of No. 2, but disappear after BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 205 the first examination of tlie preservative period. In the case of No. 5 they occur in the fore period, disappear in the first examination of the preservative period, reappear in the third and fourth examina- tions, and then disappear until the final examination. They are fairly abundant in the case of No. 6 in the fore period, disappear at the second examination of the preservative period, reappear at the third and fourth examinations of the preservative period, and then disap- pear until the after period. The influence of the preservative, if any, in this case seems to be irregular. It appears to have some influence in increasing- the oxalate of lime cr3-stals in the case of No. 3 and decreasing them in the case of No. 2, while its influence is irregular in the other instances. These data do not afford any basis for a defi- nite conclusion. CrystalJhie jyhosphates. — No phosphates are found in the cases of Nos. 1 and 6. In the case of No. 2 they are found in the fore period and after period, but do not occur in the preservative period. In the case of No. 3 they are found irregularly in the fore and preservative periods. They also occur irregularly in the case of No. 4. In the case of No. 5 the preservative seems to have had an influence in pro- ducing cr3'stalline phosphates, since the onl}^ occurrence thereof is in the preservative period, and at one time they occur in abundance. They, however, immediately disappear and are not found again. The data, therefore, are not conclusive in this case of an}- definite action of the preservative in influencing the number of crystalline phosphates. Amorphous 2>hos]^hates. — These are not found at all in the cases of Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6. They occur in abundance in the fore period in the case of No. 3, in very great abundance in the first preserva- tive period, disappear for a time, and then recur in one instance, after which they are not found again. The preservative appears to have had an influence in diminishing the amount of amorphous phosphates appearing in the case of No. 3. Epithelmm cells. — These appear regularly in all cases. In the case of No. 1 they are more abundant during the preservative period. In the case of No. 2 there seems to be no definite relation between the administration of the preservative and the variations in the number of epithelium cells, and the same is true of Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 6. The data therefore show in the case of No. 1 only, a definite influence on the part of the preservative, and this influence might perhaps be attributed to some other cause. LeticocyteH. — These bodies are found in all cases. In the cases of Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and (> they appear to be more numerous during the preservative period, while in the case of No. 5 there is no definite basis for drawing any conclusion. In general, the data seem (o show a slight influence of the pres(a*vative in incti-easing the nun)beroi' Icuicocytes. Red hhod cells. — Red blood cells are found in only two instances, in neither ease abundant. 206 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Hyaline msfe.— These bodies are found in nearly every instance. In the cases of Nos. 1 and 2 they appear to be more frequent during the preservative period. In the case of No. 3 there is no definite relation evident, and the same is true of No. 5. In the case of No. 6 there seems to be a diminution in the number of hyaline casts during the latter part of the preservative period and a considerable increase dur- ing the after period. In this case also the data are not conclusive. The preservative appears to increase the number of casts in some instances and diminish them in others. Finely granular casts. — These bodies are also found in most cases. In the case of No. 1 there is an apparent increase in the number dur- ing the preservative period. This is also true of No. 2, although in the latter part of the preservative period these casts disappear alto- gether. 1 n the case of No. 3 the casts do not appear to be influenced by the administration of the preservative, and the same is true of No. 5, v^^hile in the case of No. 6 there is apparently a larger number dur- ing the fore and after periods than during the preservative period. Here again the data are not conclusive. Apparently the preservative tends to increase the number of casts in some instances and diminish them in others or to have no influence at all. Coarsely granular casts. — These are found in the majority of samples under examination. In the case of No. 1 the larger number was found during the administration of the preservative. This is true also in a marked degree in the case of No. 2. In the case of No. 3 there seems to be no effect produced by the preservative on the num- ber of casts. In the case of No. 5 none is found during the fore and after periods, and in three instances during the preservative period none is found. In the case of No. 6 none is found during the fore period; casts are found five times out of eight during the preservative period, and they are also found in the after period. Here again the data are not conclusive, the preservative appearing to increase the number of casts in some cases and to have no effect whatever or a tendency to diminish the number in other cases. Epithelial casts.— T\iqs,q, are not found in any case except that of No. 6, where they are found once at the beginning of the preservative period and once in the after period. Ot?ter forms of casts. — No other forms of casts than those above mentioned are found, except in one instance in the after period in the case of No. 6. Mucous cylindroids. — These are found in all cases, but the inspec- tion of the data does not reveal any apparent effect of the preservative in either increasing or decreasing the number present. They are abundant in four examinations of No. 1, one of No. 4, five of No. 5, and two of No. 6. They are extremely abundant in three of the examinations of No. 6 and one of No. 5. These variations in numbers in the case of No. 6 may seem to be connected with the use of the preservative, but the relation is not distinctlv marked. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 207 Mucous strands. — These are found also in all cases. They are especially abundant in the case of Nos. 1, 5, and 6. Their relative abundance does not appear to be influenced in an}' wa}' by the admin- istration of the preservative. Summary. Reviewing the data as a whole in regard to the appearance of these microscopical bodies in the urine, the facts which appear prominentl}^ are the great variations in the number and character of these micro- chemical bodies. They occur constantly in some cases in very much greater abundance than in others. There are a few cases — in fact, quite a number — where the relative abundance of these bodies seems to be increased during the administration of the preservative. There is a smaller number of cases in which the contrary fact occurs. In the greater number of cases, however, the administration of the preserva- tive appears to have had no influence upon the relative abundance of these bodies. The data therefore, as a whole, can not be regarded as conclusive respecting the influence of the preservative upon the number of microchemical bodies occurring in the urine. Table XLI. — Microscopical examinations of the urine for Series II. [None, 0; very few, 1; few, 2; fairly abundant, 3; abundant, 4; extremely abundant, 5.] Data. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. Uric-acid crystals: Jan. 30 2 a3 3 3 3 2 2 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 5 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Feb. 19-20 Urates: Jan. 30 Feb. l»-20 Oxalate of lime crystals: Jan. 30 1 Feb. 19-20 Crystalline phosphates: Jan 30 Feb. 19-20 Amorphous phosphates: Jan. 30 Feb. 19-20 Epithelium cells (round, flat, and caudate): Jan. 30 2 Feb. 19-20 aZ Leucocytes: Jan .30 2 Feb. 19-20 2 Red blood cells: Jan. 30 Feb. 19-20 Hyaline casts: Jan. 30 2 Feb. 19-20 2 Finely granular ca.sts: Jan. no 1 Feb. 19-20 2 Coarsely granular casts: Jan. 30 1 Feb. 19-20 Kpithelial casts: Jan. ;W Feb. 19-20 1 other forms of casts: Jan. 30 Feb. 19-20 b2 Mucous cylindroids: Jan. 30 2 Feb. 19-20 2 Mucous strands: Jan. 30 Feb. 19-20 , 2 3 a gome in Mheet", fc Hyaline pus casts. 208 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLII.- — Microscopical examinations of the urine for Series III. [None, 0; very few, 1; few, 2; fairly abundant, 3; abundant, 4; extremely abundant, 5.] Data. Ko. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. .5. No. 6. Uric-acid crystals: Feb 19 20 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 5 4 3 4 1 3 2 a3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 \ 1 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 4 3 2 8 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 6" 6" i' 2 '""^2 2 2 i' 2 6' 2 2' 2 i" 3 6' 2 6' 6' 2 2 2 4 4' 4 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 .5 4 4 4 Mar 12 17 20 Urates: Feb 19-20 Mar 12 17 20 Oxalate of lime crystals: Feb 19 20 Mar 12 17 2 20 4 Crystalline phosphates: Feb 19 20 17 Epithelium cells (round, flat, and caudate): a3 Mar 12 a4 a4 20 aZ Leucocytes: Feb. 19-20 &3 2 17 2 aZ Red blood cells: Mar. 12 20 Hyaline casts: Feb. 19-20 2 2 17 2 3 Finely granular casts: 2 Mar. 12 2 2 20 3 Coarsely granular casts: Feb. 19-20 2 17 3 Epithelial casts: Mar. 12 20 Other forms of casts: Feb. 19-20 Mar. 12 17 Mucous cylindroids: Feb. 19 20 5 Mar. 12 4 17 4 20 5 Mucous strands: Feb. 19-20 5 Mar. 12 4 17 4 20 5 a Some in sheets. & Some in large clumps. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 209 Table XLIII. — Microftcoj)ical examinations of the urine for Series IV. [None, 0; very few, 1; few, 2; fairly abundant, 3; abundant, 4; extremely abundant, 5.] Data. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. Uric-acid crystals: Mar. 21 1 1 1 1 2 2 62 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 6" 6' 1 3 2 4 28 Apr. 4 18 Urates: Mar. 21 28 Apr. 4 4 3 2 2 18 Oxalate of lime crystals: Mar. 21 2 2 1 28 Apr. 4 3 ^ 7 3 3 1 2 1 18 1 Crystalline phosphates: Mar. 21 , 28 Apr. 4 7 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 2' 2 1 1 2" 1 1 1 2" 2 1 i' 1 6' 6' 6' 1 2 3' 2 18 Epithelium cells (round, flat, and caudate): Mar. 21 "j2 2 4 28 2 Apr. 4 62 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 63 18 62 Leucocytes: Mar. 21 5 5 4 28 2 Apr. 4 3 7 3 62 1 1 3 18 4 Red blood cells: Mar. 21 . . . .' 28 Apr. 4 7 : 2 i 1 18 Hvaline caste: Mar. 21 1 2 28 2 Apr. 4 2 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 18 2 Finely ^anular ca.sts: Mar. 21 I 28 1 Apr. 4 2 ^ 7 ::: 3 1 1 1 1 1 18 2 Coarsely granular casts: Mar. 21 28 Apr. 4 I 7 4 1 1 Epithelial casts: Mar. 21 28 Apr. 4 7 : 18 f )thiT forms of casts: Mar. 21 28 A i.r. 4 7 3 4 4 4 Mucous cylindroids: 28 A pr. 4 2 4 2 2 ;{ 7 1.. .. 4 2 3 2 2 18 i 4 "A few ill sheets. 4242— No. H4, |.t 1—04 14 ''Some in shreds. 210 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLIII — Microscopical examinations of the urine for Series J F— Continued. Data. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. 12. Mucous strands: jjja J 21 4 4 4 4 4 5 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 3' 2 4 28 3 4 7 4 2 4 2 3 18 5 Table XLIV. — Microscopical examinations of the urine for Series V. [None, 0; very few, 1; few, 2; fairly abundant, 3; abundant, 4; extremely abundant, 5.] Data. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. Uric-acid crystals: Apr 25-27 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 ^0 1 1 1 1 2 "3 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 'o 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 4 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 4 5 2 2 2 a 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 a 2 a 2 2 2 0- 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 May 2 9 16-18 23-25 29 June 6 13 20 27-29 Urates: Apr. 25-27 May 2 9 16 23-25 29 June 6 13 20 27-29 Oxalate of lime crystals: Apr. 25-27 3 May 2 2 9 16-18 1 23 1 29: June 6 13 20 27 2 Crystalline phosphates: Apr. 23,25,27 9::;.::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::: 23-25 June 6 20 27-29 Amorphous phosphates: May 2 9 Q i6-18 23-25 29 13 27-29 Epithelium cells (round, flat, and caudate): Apr. 23-"5 2 9 2 16-18 2 3 2 23-25 29 o Some In slieets. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 211 Table XLIV — Microscopical txainiiiatiotis of the urine for Series V — Continued. Data. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. Epithelium cells— Continued, 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 a3 3 aZ 2 a2 2 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 0- u a2 a2 a3 2 2 1 2 2 3 a2 2 a2 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 a2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 13 "3 20 3 27-29 2 Leucotytes: A^pr 23 25 2 Mav 2 2 9 2 16 2 23--20 as 29 3 3 13 a2 20 2 27 a2 Red blood cells: Apr. 23-27 9 23 29 13 20 27-29 Apr 23 25 27 2 May 2 9 11 2 2 16 2 3 29 1 June 6 . 1 13 1 20 2 27 3 Finely granular casts: Apr. 23-27 2 1 ^ 9::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 16 1 23 2 29 June 6 13 1 20 1 27 2 Apr. 23-27 Siay 2 1 9 1 23 2 29 June 6 13 1 20 1 27-29 1 Epithelial cast.s: Apr. 23, 25, 27 May 2 1 9 16 23 29 June 6 13 20 27 1 Other forms of casts. Apr 23 May 2 9 16 23 29 June c. .. . 13 20 27 2 "Some in Hheeis. 212 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLIV — Microscopical examinations of the urine for Series F— Continued. Date. No. 1. No. 2. No. S. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. Mucous cylindroids: 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 2 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 5 4 4 5 5 6 4 3 2 2 5 9 5 16 5 23 4 29 3 3 13 3 20 2 27 4 Mucous strands: Apr 23 5 May 2 5 9 ' 5 16 5 23 4 4 4 4 20 4 5 METABOLIC PROCESSES. NITROGEN. Balance. As has already been intimated, the nitrogen balance represents the difference between the total quantity of nitrogen in the foods and the quantity secured in the feces and urine. In a perfectly normal state, where the body is neither gaining nor losing in weight, this balance is necessarilj^ positive, because all the nitrogen contained in the food is not found in the feces and urine. In abnormal states the balance may become a negative number when more nitrogen is excreted by far than should be, or it may become a greater positive number when less nitrogen is excreted than should be. The tables illustrative of the nitrogen balance are made out in full, containing the daily balances. (See Tables XLV-LV, pp. 260-306.) The great variations in the daily balance are largely due to the fact that the quantities of urine and feces vary largely from day to day, while the quantity of nitrogen entering into the food remains practically constant. Thus there may be very great variations in the daily balance, while the balance for the period is always approximately correct, especially if the period extends over a considerable number of days. The largest deficiencies of nitrogen in the excreta are naturally found in those cases where the percentage of excretion is low, and vice versa. In the individual cases of Series I we find that the nitrogen balance is a negative number in every period with No. 6, except dur- ing the second preservative subperiod and the after period, where the BORIC ACIU AND BORAX. 213 balance becomes a positive number. In the eases of the other mem- bers of the ta))lo, (hiring- the fore period the nitrogen balance is posi- tive. During the first preservative subperiod it is negative in the case of No. 4. In the third .subperiod the ])ahince is positive in each case except No. 6, while in the after period the balance is positive in all cases. The summary of the entire preservative period, namely, December 22 to January 3, shows a positive balance in all eases excepting No. 6. Comparing now the daily average of the whole class for the differ- ent periods, we find that during the fore period the daily nitrogen balance is 2.12 grams, for the first preservative subperiod 0.83, for the second subperiod 2.21, for the third subperiod 1.20, for the first, second, and third subperiods together 1.40, and for the after period 1.73. These data show a tendency in this series toward an increase in the amount of nitrogen excreted during- the administration of the preservative. SERIES II. During this series, on account of illness, the data are not complete for four members of the table, namelj^, Nos. 8, 9, 11, and 12. In the case of the two remaming members there were periods of temporary illness (grippe), which caused the loss of the data for certain da3^s. As a whole, therefore, this period of observation may be considered as quite unsatisfactor3\ In the fore period, extending from January 19 to 27, inclusive, in the case of No. 7 the average daily nitrogen balance was 0.11 gram, in the case of No. 10 it was 3.66, and for No. 12 it was 5.39. No. 12 did not finish the period with the preservative and is therefore excluded from the average. The mean daily average of Nos. 7 and 10 is 1.89. In the period from January 28 to 31, inclusive, during which 1 gram of boric acid was administered dail}^, the average daily nitrogen balance increases in the case of No. 7 and remains the same in the case of No, 10, while the mean daily balance for the two is 1.63. In the second preservative subperiod, extending from February 1 to February 4, inclusive, in which 2 grams of boric acid were adminis- tered daily, the nitrogen balance of No. 7 increases as compared with the fore period, that of No. 10 decreases, and the mean daily balance is 2.. 52. In the third subperiod, from February 5 to 8, inclusive, in which 3 grams of boric acid were administered dail}', the balance, as compared with the fore period, increases in the case of No. 7 and diminishes in No. 10. The average daily balance is 1.85. The digestion in all cases after this pc^riod became so deranged that the fragmentary data col- lected thereafter are of no <*omparative value. 214 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. SERIES III. The data for this series are more satisfactory, only two of the sub- jects, Nos. 2 and 6, failing to complete the course, they having suc- cumbed to an attack of grippe after the fore period. No. 2 completed the metabolism of the series, but failed to take the full amount of pre- servative. In this series in the fore period there was a notable difference between the subjects in regard to the daih^ nitrogen balance, it being a minus quantity of 0.43 gram in the case of No. 1 and a plus quantity of 1.86 in the case of No. 5. For the four who completed the pre- servative period the average daily balance is 0.83. In the first preservative subperiod, 1 gram administered daily, the average daily balance for five men is 1.12 grams, and for the four 1.01; in the second, where 2 grams were given, for the four it is 1.36; in the third, in which 3 grams were administered, the average daily balance is minus 0. 37. For the three periods for the four who com- pleted the test the daily balance is 0.66. In the after period, extending over eight days, the average daily balance for the four is 2.92. These data show that the administration of the boric acid had very lit- tle effect upon the metabolism of the nitrogen during the period, and what effect was manifested was irregular. The first and second pre- servative subperiods showed a slightly reduced excretion of nitrogen, while the third showed an increased excretion of nitrogen and the after period a diminished excretion. The maximum difference, how- ever, between any two of these periods is about 3 grams of nitrogen per day. SERIES IV. In the fore period of Series IV the average daily balance is 0.98 gram for Nos. 8, 9, and 10, the largest balance being found in the case of No. 8, 18.17,andthe smallest, a negative quantitj^, in the case of No.lO, —5.61. In the first preservative subperiod, where one-half a gram was admin- istered, the average daily nitrogen balance is 0.93. In the second and third subperiods, in which 1 gram was given, the average daily balance is 1.31. The mean daily balance for the first, second, and third sub- periods, March 28 to April 9, inclusive, is 1.28. In the fourth subperiod, in which 2 grams were given for four days and 8 for one day, the average daily nitrogen balance is 2.29. For the entire preservative period — namely, from March 28 to April 14, inclusive — the mean daily balance is 1.56. For the after period, April 15 to 22, inclusive, the mean daily balance is 0.83. In the cases of Nos. 8, 9, and 10 of the fourth series it is seen that the effect of the borax upon the excretion of the nitrogen was not BORIC ACID AISD BORAX. 215 noticeable in the tii-st preservative subperiod. The second subperiod shows a slit>hth' decreased nitrogen excretion. In the fourth subperiod there is again a decrease in the amount of nitrogen excreted. During the after period there is an increase in the amount of nitrogen excreted, the bahince being restored almost to the normal of the fore period, namely, to 0.83. A comparison of Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 may also be given for the fore period and the first preservative subperiod of one-half gram per day. After that period No. 7 was ill and dropped out altogether, and Nos. 11 and 12 received special treatment. For the fore period the daily nitrogen balance of Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 is 1.03, and during the first preservative subperiod, one-half gram daily, 0.97, showing a slight increase in the percentage of nitro- gen excreted. Nos. 11 and 12 may also be compared for their special treatment, in which for the fore period the daily average balance for Nos. 11 and 12 is —0.13, and during the preserv^ative period the average daily balance is 0.75, showing a slighth^ decreased excretion of nitrogen. The nitrogen in these cases seems to be retained for the purpose of restoring the tissues broken down by previous ill health. For the after period the average daily balance is 0.91. Only three out of the six members of this table completed the entire period of experiment, Nos. 2 and 6 having suffered during a part of the time from illness and No. 4 having withdrawn from the table May 25. The experience of the previous series having shown that the admin- isti"ation of increasing doses of borax produced feelings of distress, both in the stomach and in the head, it was determined during this series to give a minimum quantity, namel \^, one-half gram per day, and the period of experiment was extended to cover a little over two months, namely, from April 24 to June 29. For purposes of comparison this period was subdivided into several j>eriods, namely, the fore period of April 24 to May 1, the preserva- tive period of four subperiods from May 2 to June 20, inclusive, and the after period from June 21 to 29, inclusive. The average daily balance of tlie fore period is —0.60; of the first preservative subperiod, 1.26; of the second, 0.93; of the third, 0.33; of the fourth, 0.52, and of the after period, 1.08. It is seen that there was but very little effect produced as a whole upon the nitrogen excretion during these periods. The individual variations, however, are somewhat marked, thus giving additional evidence of the danger of basing (;onchisions upon too few observations. 216 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. COMPARISON OP NITROGEN BALANCES. In order to get a general statement of the nitrogen balance during the whole period of observation the average daily balances for Series 1, III, IV, and V have been summarized by periods. The general summary of the nitrogen tables arranges the data of all the five series by periods, and from this summary the following average daily nitro- gen balances are obtained, the data for Series II being omitted (see Table LV, p. 306): Grams. Fore periods 0. 964 Preservative periods 1. 020 After periods 1. 690 We see from the above data that during the thirty-one days embraced by the fore periods the average daily nitrogen balance per man is 0.964: gram. During the ninety-three days of borax treatment the average daily nitrogen balance is 1.02. During the thirty-five days of after period the average daily nitrogen balance is 1.69. The total effect, therefore, of the administration of borax upon the nitrogen balance has been to decrease slightly the amount of nitrogen excreted in proportion to the whole amount entering into the food. The disturbance pro- duced, although slight, is perceptible. The fact that the magnitude of this disturbance is increased rather than diminished during the after period might be cited as evidence that the preservative is not the real cause of the phenomenon observed. This, of course, must receive due consideration. On the other hand, it may also be suggested that the maximum efi^ect produced by the preservative might not have been felt until some days after its withdrawal from the food, and this explanation of the above data is also worthy of consideration. Percentage Eliminated. The percentage of nitrogen eliminated in the feces and urine has been calculated for each person under observation daily and by periods. These data are complementary to those showing the bal- ances by days and periods, which have just been given, the percent- ages being perhaps somewhat more convenient for comparison. series I. For the fore period, December 16-21, inclusive, the average daily percentage of nitrogen eliminated in the feces and urine for the six men is 87.6. (See Table XLVI.) The highest percentage eliminated is found in the case of No. 6, namely, 101.2, and the lowest in the case of No. 3, 76.3. For the first preservative subperiod, extending from December 22 to December 26, inclusive, the average percentage of nitrogen elimi- nated is 95.1. The highest percentage eliminated is found in the case of No. 6, 108.5, and the lowest in the case of No. 5, namely, 86.7. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. > 217 In the second proseivutivc subperiod, extending from December 27 to December 30, iiichisive, tlie average percentage eliminated is 87.6. The highest is found in the case of No. 6, namel>% 93.9, and the lowest in No. 3, SI. 9. In the third subperiod the average percentage of nitrogen elimi- nated is 92.6. The highest percentage eliminated is found in the case of No. 6, namely, 127.5, and the lowest in No. 2, 81. During this period the elimination of nitrogen by No. 6 is very marked, indeed. For the entire preservative period, extending from December 22 to January 3, inclusive, the average percentage of nitrogen eliminated is 91.8. The highest amount is again found in the case of No. 6, namelj^, 107.6, and the lowest in that of No. 3, 88.1. For the after period, extending from Januar}^ 4 to January 13, inclusive, the average elimination of nitrogen is 89.8 per cent. The highest percentage is found in the case of No. 6, namel}^, 93.5, and the lowest in No. 3, 82.7. The above data show a marked tendency to an increased elimination of nitrogen during the administration of the })oric acid. This is mani- fested particularly in the case of No. 6, where the amount of nitrogen lost is excess! vel}' large. In the case of No. 2 there is but little effect produced, showing a marked toleration of the influence of borax in this particular instance. The same is true of No. 5, practicall}^ no effect upon the elimination of the nitrogen being manifested. SERIES ir. The data for Series II are extremely imperfect by reason of the ill- ness of Nos. 8, 9, 11, and 12 during the whole period, and the illness of the whole number under observation during the after period. The data of Nos. 7 and 10 are interesting l)ut can not be regarded as very conclusive. During the fore period the average daily percentage of nitrogen elimi- nated by tlic two under observation is 89.8. During the first preserva- tive subpeiiod it rises to 90.9, during the second to 86.7; for the first and second subpei'iods it is 88.5; during the third subperiod the per- (;entage rises to 90,1, and for the entire preservative period it is 89.1. In the case of No. 7 the percentage of nitrogen eliminated is dimin- ished, in the case of No. 10, increased. SERIES III. In this series the percentage of nitrogen eliminated during the fore period is higli, namely, 95.3. During the lii'st ])reservative subperiod the percentage eliminated is slightly decreased, namely, to 94.6. Dur- ing the se<;ond subperiod it falls to 91.6. During the thiirl subperiod there is a very decided inr^rease in the percentage eliminated, rising to 102.6, The average for tlie three subperiods is 96. During the after 218 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON" HEALTH. period the percentage eliminated falls to 84.3. This number is evi- dently below the normal, showing- an attempt on the part of the body to restore a portion of the loss produced by the previous preservative period. The data in this series as a whole show the same results as in Series 1. The variations, however, in the case of the first and second sub- periods should be noted. The average data given are calculated only for those members of the class who completed the whole series. The data for the other members are given in the table, but not utilized in the general average for comparison. SERIES IV. In this series the data were greatly disturbed by the illness of a number of the members of the class. The reports for Nos. 8, 9, and 10 are the only ones that are complete for the whole period. The average daily percentage of elimination during the fore period in the case of Nos. 8, 9, and 10 is 94.7. This rises to 95.1 in the first preservative subperiod, falls to 90.8 in the second subperiod, and rises again to 93.2 in the third subperiod. The mean for the three subperiods is 93, which is slightly less than the average percentage eliminated dur- ing the fore period. During the fourth subperiod the average per- centage excreted is 8T.1, and for the four subperiods together 91.4. During the after period the average percentage excreted rises to 95.1. The general results of these data are contradictory to the other series. It must be borne in mind, however, that both Nos. 8 and 9 had suffered very seriously from the grippe during the period of the second series, when they were not under observation at all, and there- fore no comparison can be made with any previous record for these two. In other words, the data of this series must be regarded not only as imperfect, as is shown by the table itself, but also in some respects as abnormal. They are given, however, in full, in order that no fact connected with the observation which bears at all upon the interpretation of the results may be omitted from the tabulation. Nos. 11 and 12, who had a late start on account of illness, may be studied together. The mean percentage eliminated during the fore period in these cases is 101.1, during the preservative period 95.1, and during the after period 93.6. These data must be interpreted from the point of view that both subjects had been ill immediately preceding the experiment. SERIES V. In this series No. 4 left the city on May 25, and the data in this case are incomplete. No. 6 received no preservative after June 12 and No. 2 after June 11, both by reason of illness. Let us first consider the three subjects, namely, Nos. 1, 3, and 5, BORIC AOTU AND BORAX. 219 who completed the entire series. In this scries of o})servations we also have to deal with apparently an abnormal state, inasmuch as the per- centage eliminated during the fore period is remarkably high, amount- ing to 103.0. During the tirst preservative subperiod the percentage eliminated falls to 93; during the first and second together it is 93.9; during the first, second, and third together it rises to 95.2; during the first, second, third, and fourth it rises to 95.7, and during the after period it falls to 94.1. Compared with the fore period it is seen that the average elimination of nitrogen is diminished during the administra tion of the borax, and the diminution continues during the after period. The data, therefore, as a whole are not decisive in respect to this point. COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGES OF NITROGEN ELIMINATED. It remains now to combine the average results into a single expres- sion in order to study the five series together. This is done in the fol- lowing tabular arrangement, taken from the general nitrogen sum- mary (Table LV): Per cent. Fore periods 94. 5 Preservative periods 94. 1 After periods 90. 3 We have in the above tabulation an expression of the average daily effect produced over a period of seven months on 12 young men in classes of 6 alternating in periods of observation. The total duration of the fore periods is thirt3^-one da3's, of the periods of the administration of borax ninet3'-three days, and of the after periods thirty-five days. While the individual data, and even the series data, are in some respects conflicting and contradictor}- in regard to the effect of the borax upon the percentage of the elimination, we must regard the expression as a whole as of value. This shows the tendency of borax to slightly decrease the percentage of nitrogen eliminated during the preservative period, which diminution becomes marked in the after period, indicating a cumulative effect in this direction. PHOSPHORIC ACID. Balance. The effect of the administration of preservatives upon the course of the phosphoric acid on its way through the body is studied in the same manner as in th(! case of nitrogen. The total phosphoric acid and phosphorus entering the body were determined by the analyses of the foods, and the phosphoric acid and phosphorus leaving the body through the urine and feces were also determined. In the tables LVl-LXVJ, pp. 307-353) the excess of the phosphoric acid in the food 220 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. over that recovered in the excreta is given as a positive number, while any excess of phosphoric acid and phosphorus in the excreta over that in the food is given as a negative quantity. In the daily balances, as was the case with the nitrogen, there was no attempt made to secure an absolute separation in the feces of the food eaten on any given occasion by the administration of some color- ing matter like powdered charcoal. For that reason the variations in the daily balances are often exaggerated, inasmuch as the quantities of excreta, especially of feces, vary greatly from day to day. In pe- riods extending over four or five days, however, these variations would be practically compensatory, so that the expression of the total balance for each period is approximately correct. Attention should be called, however, as in the preceding cases, to the fact that owing to the great difficulty of marking with absolute certainty the excretory processes some slight differences or errors are to be expected. These, however, are again eliminated from the averages of the periods by combining them all into a single expression. In the fore period the average daily balance per man is found to be 0.081 gram. The largest positive balance for the fore period is 2.14, and the largest negative balance for the period 0.768. In the first preservative subperiod, extending from December 22 to December 26, inclusive, the average dail}^ balance for the whole period is —0.182. The only positive balances during this whole period are found in the cases of Nos. 1 and 2, namely, 0.438 and 0.258, respec- tively, and the largest negative balance is found for No. 4, namely, 2.407. In the second subperiod^ extending from December 27 to December 30, inclusive, the average daily balance for the period is 0.289. The largest positive balance for the period is found in the case of No. 5, namel}^, 1.968, and there is no negative balance. In the third subperiod, extending from December 31 to January 3, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.031. The largest positive balance for the period is found in the case of No. 5, 1.786, and the largest negative balance in the case of No. 1, 2.989. For the entire preservative period, from December 22 to January 3, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.029. The largest positive balance for this period in any case is found in No. 5, namel}^, 3.255, and the largest negative balance in the case of No. 1, 0.873. In the after period, extending from January 4 to January 13, inclu- sive, the average daily balance is 0.029. The largest positive balance during this period is found ,in the case of No. 5, namely, 3.494, and the largest negative balance in the case of No. 6, 2.124. In this series as a whole it is seen that the administration of the BORIC ACID ATSTD BORAX. 221 preserv^ative caused only a small disturbance in the phosphoric acid balance — a disturbance of such a magnitude as to be readily accounted for by the ordinary' and necessar^^ variations in the sampling and col- lection of samples for analysis. Interpreted literally, it is seen that in the iirst preservative subperiod the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted is increased. In the second subperiod the quantity is dimin- ished. In the third subperiod thei'e was a slight increase in the (juantity of phosphoric acid excreted over the fore period. The after period compared with the fore period shows a slight increase in the amount of phosphoric acid excreted, while it is the same as the entire preservative period. SERIES II. The value of the data obtained during the second series of experi- ments, as was the case with the nitrogen balance, is almost completely vitiated b}' the illness of the members of the table. Nos. 8, 9, and 11 were out of the experiment altogether on account of an attack of grippe. Nos. 7, 10, and 12 tinished the fore period and two preserva- tive subperiods, Nos. 7 and 10 the three preservative subperiods, but all were so ill at the end of the final subperiod that the after period had to be discarded Avith Nos. 10 and 12, and was extremely incom- plete for No. 7. The fore period is also incomplete in this respect on account of the failure to get all the data for the excreta for Janu- ary 19 and 20. For the rest of the fore period, considering Nos. 7, 10, and 12, it is seen that the average daily balance per man for phosphoric acid is 0.26 gram. The largest positive balance for the whole period is found in the case of No. 12, namely, 5.16, and the only negative bal- ance in the case of No. 1, 1.58. In the tirst preservative subperiod the data for No. 10 were irregu- lar by reason of illness for two days, during which time the excreta were not collected in such a way as to be of any value, and the data were discarded. The average daily balance for this period is 0.20. The largest positive balance for the period is in the case of No. 12, namely, 2.17, and the only negative balance in the case of No. 7, 1.03. For the s<;cond subperiod the average daily balance is 0.01. The largest positive balance is found in the case of No. 12, namely, 0.92, and tht! only negative balance in the case of No. 10, 2.13. For the two subperiods of January 28 to February 4, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.07. TIk; data for tlie rcmaindi'i- of the s(!ries include only Nos. 7 and 10. For the; third subperiod the average daily balance is 0.06. The balance of No. 10 is positive, namely, 1.45, and of No. 7 negative, 0.97. For t\\(' entire pi'cscrvativc period from January 28 to February 8, inclusive, the average daily balance is —0.05. Th(!re is a j)ositive l)alarice in the case of No. lo, namely, 0.17, and a negatives balance in J Ik,' ease of No. 7, 1.30. 222 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. As has been before intimated, there were no comparable data obtained for the after period on account of the illness of all the members of the class. SERIES III. For the fore period the average daily balance for Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5 is 0.31 gram. The largest positive balance for the period is found in the case of No. 4, namely, 5.56, and the only negative balance in the case of No. 1, 1.30. The data for the first preservative subperiod are incomplete by reason of the loss of all the samples of urine for March 2. For the other three days the average daily balance is —0.26. The largest posi- tive balance is found in the case of No. 3, namely, 0.77, and the largest negative balance in the case of No. 5, 2.60. No. 6, by reason of illness, took no part in this and the subsequent periods of this series. For the second subperiod, March 4 to 7, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.08. The largest positive balance for the period is found in the case of No. 3, namely, 1.60, and the only negative balance in No. 4, 0.97. For the third subperiod, extending from March 8 to 11, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.08. The largest positive balance for this period is in the case of No. 1, namely, 1.59, and the only negative balance in the case of No. 4, 1 .56. For the three subperiods, extending from February 28 to March 11, inclusive, the average daily balance is —0.02. The largest positive balance for the period is found in the case of No. 3, namel}^, 2.88, and the largest negative balance in No. 4, 3.87. For the after period, extending from March 12 to March 19, the average daily balance is 0.65. The largest positive balance is found in the case of No. 5, namely, 6.08, and the smallest positive balance in No. 1, 1.60. There were no negative balances during this period. In studying the data as a whole it is seen, as in the case of the first series, that the administration of the preservative did not exert any very marked effect upon the excretion of phosphorus. The same tendency, however, which is manifested in the first series is maintained in the third, i. e., an increase during the preservative period in the amount of phosphorus excreted. Unlike the first series, however, the quantity of phosphorus excreted diminished considerably during the after period of the third series. SERIES IV. During the fourth series, extending from March 20 to April 22, inclusive, there was a considerable derangement of the comparative work by reason of illness of some of the members of the experimental table. Only Nos. 8, 9, and 10 completed the entire fourth series. No. 7 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 223 completed the fore period and the iirst preservative subperiod; No. 11 completed all the periods, but received a different amount of preserv- ative from that given to Nos. 8, 9, and 10. In the table, therefore, there is a summary of the data for Nos. 8, 9, and 10 for the entire period; for Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 for the fore period and the first preservative subperiod, and for Nos. 11 and 12 for the whole period. In the case of Nos. 8, 9, and 10 it is seen that the average daily bal- ance for the fore period is 0.51 gram. The highest positive balance for the period is in the case of No. 8, namely, 6, and the smallest positive balance is in No. 4, 1.95. For the first preservative subperiod the average daily balance per man is —0.21:. The largest negative balance is in the case of No. 10, namely, 1.54, and the smallest in No. 9, 0.01. There are no positive balances. For the second subperiod the average daily balance is 0.54. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 9, namelj^, 3.12, and the smallest in the case of No. 10, 1.65. There are no negative balances. For the two subperiods March 28^ to April 4, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.15. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 9, namely, 3.11, and the smallest in No. 10, 0.11. There are no negative balances. For the third subperiod the average daily balance is 0.00. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 8, namely, 1.33, and the onh" negative balance in No. 9, 1.35. For the three subperiods, March 28 to April 9, inclusive, the aver- age daily balance is 0.09. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 9, namely, 1.76, and the smallest in No. 10, 0.14. There are no negative balances. For the fourth subperiod the average daily balance is 0.15. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 8, namely, 2.38, and the largest negative balance is in the ease of No. 9, 0.12. For the four subperiods from March 28 to April 14, inclusive, the average daily balance is 0.11. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 8, namely, 4.10 for the whole period, and the smallest is in No. 10, 0.12. There are no negative balances. For the after period the average daily balance is 0.24. The largest positive balance is in the case of No. 8, namely, 2.98, and the only negative balance is in the case of No. 10, 0.30. (Considering Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, for the fore period the average dail3'})alanceis0.28, and for the first preservative subperiod it is —0.31. In the case of Nos. 11 and 12 there were some irregularities in the conduct of the experiment. No. 11 was not under observation at all from ^fan-h 27 until March 81, and No. 12 was not under ol)serva- tion until A[)iil 3. From Maich 31 to April 3 in the case of No. 11, and from April 3 lo Ajxii T. in llic case of No. 12 constituted the fore periofl, no preservative; being given. The avcirage daily balance for 224 iisrFLUBJTCE of food preservatives on health. this period for the two members is 0.Y3. No. 11 from April 4= to 11, inclusive, and No. 12 from April 6 to 11, inclusive, received 1 gram of borax per day, except on April 4, when No. 11 received only half a gram. On April 12 and 13 each received 2 grams, and on April 14, 3 grams. The average daily balance for this period (April 4-14) is 0.12. During the after period the average daily balance for the two is -0.01. The value of the data in the cases of Nos. 11 and 12 is, of course, greatly vitiated by reason of the illness of these two members immedi- ately preceding the experiment. In so far as it extends, however, they show again a marked increase in the amount of phosphorus excreted under the influence of the borax administered. During the after period this increase was also continued, but in a very moderate degree. In the consideration of the data of Series IV for comparison with the other series it is advisable to eliminate all except the complete data for Nos. 8, 9, and 10, Considering these data, we find again the same tendency as in Series I and III to increase the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted under the influence of the borax. There is a marked increase in excretion during the administration of borax, and there is a tendency shown to return to the normal state by decreasing the phosphoric acid excreted during the after period. In Series V the data are complete for only three members, namely, Nos. 1, 3, and 5. • The continued illness of No. 6, or, rather, his failure to regain a perfectly normal state, excluded the data in his case from consideration. No. 2 did not finish the fourth preservative subperiod, while No. 4 did not finish the third subperiod. In the fore period, extending from April 24 to May 1, the average daily balance for Nos. 1, 3, and 5 is —0.53. There are no positive balances for the period. The largest negative balance is for No. 5, 3. 96. During the whole of the preservative period, extending from May 2 to June 20, the uniform quantity of one-half gram of boric acid was given daily. The data are so nearly the same that it is not neces- sary to enter into any detailed discussion. The period was divided into four subperiods for comparison. During the first and second preservative subperiods, from May 2 to May 25, inclusive, the aver- age daily balance for Nos. 1, 3, and 5 is —0.30. During the first, second, and third subperiods, from May 2 to June 6, inclusive, the mean daily balance is —0.35. During the first, second, third, and fourth subperiods. May 2 to June 20, the average daily balance is -0.34. During the after period, from June 21 to June 29, inclusive, the average daily balance is —0.30. The data show practically no change in the phosphoric -acid balance BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 225 botwoen the preservativo find aft(M" periods, while in each case the negative number is smaller than for the fore period. The explanation of the fact that in this series the quantity of phosphoric acid eliminated is greater than that found in the food, is not evident. It may have some connection with the advent of warm weather, but this is only a suggestion and not in any sense an explanation of this anomaly. COMPARISON OF PHOSPHORIC-ACID BALANCES. These data show notable variations in the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted during the period of the observation. In order to bring together the whole of the data for comparison, as was done in the case of the nitrogen balance, there are collected in the following tabular statement the mean values obtained from the phosphoric-acid balance during the several series and periods of the series just mentioned. Gram. Fore periods -fO. 119 Preservative periods — . 133 After iieriods + .127 These collective data show that, while the influence of the preserva- tive is not very marked on the metabolism of phosphorus and phos- phoric acid, there is a distinct tendency to increase the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted during the period of the administration of the preservative. Percentage Eliminated. The marked differences in the daily percentages of phosphoric acid eliminated are chiefly explicable, as has been alread}^ intimated, bj^ the fact that no attempt was made to separate the feces corresponding to a given quantity of food for twent3'-four hours by the use of powdered charcoal or otherwise. The result is, therefore, that, by reason of the great daily differences in the quantit}^ of urine and feces excreted, the daily percentages of phosphoric acid excreted vary much more widely than would be the case if the total quantity of feces and urine from the food for the period of twenty-four hours were examined as a whole. The average percentage excreted for the periods in each case is deter- mined b}^ dividing the total weight of phosphoric acid eliminated by the total weight contained in the food. The mathematical average of th(! s('[)arate averages of the individual cases would be slightly diff'cr- <'tit fi-om this iigure. It may be added also in this connection that the phosphoric acid, that is, P^O;,, which is considered includes not only the total phosphorus in the food and in the excreta in the form of ])hospliorit; acid, but also the organic phosphorus calculated to that form of combination. herih:h I. During the fore pericxl the average daily percentage of phosphoric acid excreted p(M- man is UH; during the first preservative subperiod, 4242— No. H4, pt 1—04 15 226 .INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. 104.7-, during- the second subperiod, 92.9; daring the third subperiod, 99.2; during- the first, second, and third subperiods together, 99.3, and during the after period, 99.2. In these data it is seen that the quantity of phosphoric acid elimi- nated is greater during the preservative period than during the fore period and almost the same as during the after period. In this connec- tion it must be remembered, however, that the effect of the boric acid must extend to a considerable part of the after period, inasmuch as it requires a number of days after the administration of t'he preservative is discontinued before the accumulated stock in the body is completely eliminated. SERIES II. In this series, as has already been intimated, the data are incomplete by reason of the illness of Nos. 8, 9, and 11 for the whole period, of No. 12 during a portion of the preservative period, and of all the members of the class during the after period. The fragmentary data may be of some value and are given complete in so far as they could be determined. The mean daily percentage of elimination during the fore period of Nos. 7, 10, and 12 in Series II is 9-1.1; during the first preservative subperiod, 95.6; during the second subperiod, lUl; during the two sub- periods together, 98.4. As already stated, by reason of the illness of the entire class there is no after period. In these data, fragmentary though they are, we notice a marked increase in the quantity of phosphoric acid excreted during the pre- servative period. The above summary stops with the second subpe- riod, as No. 12 received no preservative after that time. Nos. 7 and 10, however, continued through the third subperiod, and the summar}^ for these two men shows the following data: During the fore period the average percentage of phosphoric acid- eliminated is 99.4; for the first preservative subperiod, 100.7; for the second subperiod, 104.2; for the two subperiods together, 102.7; for the third subperiod, 98.6; for the three subperiods, 101.2. The conclusion based on the data for the three subjects above men- tioned are confirmed by the data for the two, viz, Nos. 7 and 10. SERIES III. This series of observations, showing the percentage of phosphoric acid eliminated, is also incomplete by reason of the illness of No. 6 after the fore period and No. 2 after the first preservative subperiod. The other data are complete. The mean daily percentage of elimina- tion of phosphoric acid during the fore period is 93.6; during the first preservative subperiod, 105.6; during the second, 98.2; during the third subperiod, 97.7; during the first, second, and third subperiods together, 100.4; and during the after period, 86. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 227 These data .show a marked iiu-rease in the percentage of phosphoric acid eliminated during the administration of the boric acid and a very marked decrease during the after period. The summary for tire men shows the same tendency to increase the eUminatiou of phosphoric acid during the preservative period. Attention has already been called to the fragmentary nature of the data of the fourth series, and this fact must be considered in the inter- pretation of the data in so far as they have been obtained. Only in the cases of Nos. 8, 9, and 10 are complete data available. In these cases it is seen that the percentage of elimination during the fore l)eriod is SJ>.C); during the lirst preservative subperiod, 104.9; during the second, S9.1; during the first and second subperiods together, 96.9; during the third subperiod, 100; during the first, second, and third together. 9S. 1 ; during the fourth subperiod, 96.9; and during the first, second, third, and fourth subperiods together, 97.8; during the after period, i)4.6. In this series we again see a marked influence exerted to increase the excretion of the phosphoric acid during the administration of the borax. In the c.ises of Nos. 11 and 12 illness required the interruption of the o])s(M-vations for a time. They were subjected to renewed observa- tions on ^Nlarch 31 and April 3, respectively. During the fore period, which lasted to April 3 and April 5, inclusive, respectively, the per- centage of phosphoric acid eliminated is 79. During the preservative period, April J- to April 14, inclusive, the percentage eliminated is 103. During the after period, April 15 to April 22, inclusive, the percentage is 100.3. These data show the same tendency as those for the three n)en, l)ut they are not conclusive by reason of the fact that the observations began innnediately after illness. SERIKS V. In this period we hav(» a peculiar condition confronting us. It nuist have been an abnoiinal period, in so far as the excretion of phosphoric acjfl is concerned, throughout the wlioh^ of its duration of more than two months. At the very beginning it is seen that the amount of phos- l»lioric acid eliminated during the fore period is abnormal, amounting lo 112.4 i)i'i- cent for Nos. 1, 3, and 5, who completed the entire course. This falls during the first ])reservative subperiod to 105.9. It rises during the first and s(!con(l subperiods together to 106.8. There is again a slight incrc^ase in the lirst, second, and third sub|)eriods, taken togeth(!r, to 107.9 per (-(Mit, and duiing tln^ lirst, sec(Mid, third,' and fourth subperiods the percentage is aliout the same, 107.8. During the after period it falls to 106.3 per cent. It is thus seen that the data for 228 INFLUEINCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. the entire preservative period, namely, 107.8, «liow a slight decrease from the fore period, and the decrease continues during the after period. As has been the case with all the calculations, the individual data have been carefully checked and found to be correct. If any error, there- fore, has crept into the observations it has been in the imperfect col- lection of samples, or other errors in analysis which could not now be corrected. As the analytical data, however, were compiled by the same experts throughout the entire course, it is hardly likely that they would have been influenced by a systematic error running through the whole series. It is true that four of the subjects experimented upon during the fifth series had already passed through two periods of borax administration previous to the beginning of the fifth series. They were members of the first and third classes. It is hardly probable, however, that there would have been any continued influence relating to the excretion of phosphorus remaining from the experimental work of the first and third series. It is, of course, a matter of regret that data of this kind should show apparent contradictions, but prob- ably it is unavoidable when the experiment is conducted, as in this case, with so many individuals, extending over so long a period, and without that absolute control which would be desirable if practicable. COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGES OF PHOSPHORIC ACID ELIMINATED. In order to bring together as a whole the results of the experimental work, the mean data obtained are compared in the following tabular statement: Per cent. Fore periods 97. 3 Preservative periods _ 103. 1 After periods 97. The above summary shows a marked influence exerted by the admin- istration of borax upon the excretion of phosphoric acid. While it is true that there are man}'- contradictory data, yet it must be admitted that when the whole work is compared the influence mentioned above is clearl}" brought out. Another point to be considered is that this influence is manifested even in the first periods of the administration of borax, when the quan- tities are extremely small as compared with those subsequently given. It is thus fair to conclude that even small quantities of borax have a tendency to influence in a marked degree the excretion of phosphorus. The question of whether or not such an increase is useful or deleteri- ous may be difficult to decide definitely. One point, however, is brought out in a vivid light, namely, that as a whole the normal con- ditions attending the digestion of ordinary food are decidedly dis- turbed by the addition of this preservative. It is necessary, therefore, BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 229 in order to justify its use, that some positive evidence be produced to show that this disturbance of a normal condition is of a beneficial nature. FAT. Balanxe. This balance has been calculated for Series II to V, inclusive, no data having been obtained in Series 1. (See Tables LXVII-LXXV.) The fat balance, of course, is unsatisfactory because of the inability to get meat with a constant percentage of fat. The amount of fat exhibited in the dailv rations, therefore, varied considerably, and likewise in the periodic rations. For this reason the expression of the fat balance for each period may not always coincide with the percentage of fat eliminated. SERIES II. For the fore period, January 19-27, inclusive, the average daily fat balance per man for Nos. 7, 10, and 12 is 138.34 grams; for the first preservative subperiod, -Fanuary 29-31, inclusive, 134.88; for the sec- ond subperiod, February 1-4, inclusive, 126.63; for the first and second subperiods together, January 28 to February 4, inclusive, 130.38. The balance for the third preservative subperiod is, in the case of No. 12, subject to the same criticism as has already been made, namely, that during this period No. 12 was almost ill and not able to eat full rations. This accounts especially for the abnormal balances of Februar}' 6, 7, and 8. No. 12 is no longer under observation after this time. It is necessary, therefore, to confine the comparison of datii to those for Nos. 7 and 10. For the fore period the balance for these two is 141.77; for the first preservative subperiod, 136.85; for the second subperiod, 134.76; for the third subperiod, 122.29; and for the first, second, and third together, 130.80. Thei'e was no after period in Series II. The data of this table show a tendency on the part of the preserva- tive during the time it was administered to decrease the absorption of fat. SERIES III. F'our members of the class were present and under observation dur- ing the entire series. For th(^m the daily average fat balance for the fore period, February 19-27, inclusive, is 106.93. For the first pre- servative Kub[)eriod, February 28 to March 3, inclusive, the daily fat balaricj; is 117.74; the second sub])(;riod, March 4-7, inclusive, 115. .54; for the third subperiod, March 8-11, inclusive, 96.78; for the first, second, and third subperiods togeth(;r, F(!f)i-uary '2S to March 11, inclu- sive, it is 109.85; and for the after period, March 12-19, inclusive, 100.64. 230 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. There seems to be no regularity in this case regarding the influence of the preservative upon the fat balance. There is a decided increase in the fat balance during the first and second subperiods, and a marked decrease during the third subperiod. AVhen the three subperiods are taken together they show an increase in the amount of fat absorbed. During the after period the fat balance is considerably increased over that of the last preservative subperiod. SERIES IV. Only three members of the class completed the fourth series of observations, namely, Nos. 8, 9, and 10. The average fat balance for the fore period, March 20-27, inclusive, is 1M.32; for the first pre- servative subperiod, March 28-31, inclusive, 107.85; for the second subperiod, April 1-4, inclusive, 114.32; for the first and second sub- periods together, March 28 to April 4, inclusive, 111.08; for the third subperiod, April 5-9, inclusive, 112.34; for the first, second, and third subperiods taken together, March 28 to April 9, inclusive, 111.56; for the fourth subperiod, April 10-14, inclusive, 110.05; for the first, second, third, and fourth together, March 28 to April 14, inclusive, 111.15; and for the after period, April 15-22, inclusive, 105.40. These data show that during the four preservative subperiods the amount of fat consumed in the body is somewhat less than during the fore period. During the after period the amount of fat consumed is considerably diminished. Nos. 11 and 12 were ill at the beginning of the series and were not placed under observation until March 31 and Api'il 3, respectively, and the fore period was only four days for No. 11 and three days for No. 12. The fat balance for the fore period is 62.69; for the preser- vative period 84.44; for the after period 79.38. In this case it is not advisable to make any comparison with the fore period, by reason of its extreme shortness and the preceding bad condition of both subjects. Onl}^ three members of the class, viz, Nos. 1, 3, and 5, completed the entire series. During the fore period, April 24 to May 1, inclusive, the fat balance is 99.32; during the first preservative subperiod. May 2-13, inclusive, it is 101.45; for the second subperiod, May 14-25, inclu- sive, 92.33; for the first and second subperiods together, Ma}^ 2-25, inclu- sive, 96.96; for the first, second, and third subperiods. May 2 to June 6, inclusive, it is 94.22; and during the first, second, third, and fourth subperiods taken together. May 2 to June 20, inclusive, 93.38. The fat balance during the after period, June 21-29, inclusive, is 100.17. These data show that there is a slight increase in the amount of fat absorbed during the first preservative subperiod as compared with the BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 231 fore period. During the first and second subperiods there is a decrease. During the first, second, and third and also during the first, second, third, and fourth subperiods the amount of fat absorbed in the body is very much less than during the fore period. During the after period the fat balance is slightly increased. COMPARISON OF FAT BALANCES. Bringing together the data for Series III, IV, and V, for the sake of a general comparison, we have the following tabular statement, taken from Taljle LXXV : Grams. Fore periods 106. 96 Preservative periods 100. 37 After periods 101. 86 The data indicate, when the averages for the fore periods and pre- servative periods are compared, a considerabl}'^ decreased combustion of the fat, with a tendency to return during the after period to the normal for the fore period. Percentage Eliminated, series ii. The expres.sion of the relation between the fat consumed and the fat eliminated is, as has been already intimated, more conveniently given in th(? form of percentages. If the quantities of fat consumed in the various periods of each .series had been absolutely the same, then the expression of percentages of fat eliminated would have had the same relative increase or decrease in magnitude as the expression for the fat balances. This, however, has not always been the case. The expression for the percentage of fat eliminated l)y Nos. 7, 10, and 12 for the fore period of Series II, January 19-27, inclusive, is 4.2; for the first preservative subperiod, January 28-31, inclusive, 5.0; for the second subperiod, February 1-4, inclusive, 5.4; for the fir.st and second sul^pcriods together, January 28 to February 4, inclu- sive, 5.5; for the third subpcn-iod, February 5-8, inclusive, 6; for the entire preservative period, January 28 to Februar^^ 8, inclusiv^e, 5.6. Th(! percentages for Nos. 7 and 10 are as follows: For the fore period, 4.*;; first preservative su>)period, 0.1; second subperiod, 5.8; third sub- period, 6; entire pieservativc; period, 6. rii(!re was no after period, on account of the illness of all the mem- bers of th(; class. Thes(r data would seem to indicate that the; inllucncc of the borax upon th(; combustion of the fat is slightly restrictive, the percentage of fat eliminated having iiicreas(;d during the administration of the preservative. Tin; data, liowevc^', ai'e not <'onchisive, on account of tli(! lack of the after period. At any rate the influence, even if it exists, is not signilieanl. 232 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. During the fore period, February 19-27, inclusive, for the four men, viz, Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6, who completed the entire course, the percent- age of fat eliminated is 6,1; during the first preservative subperiod, February 28 to March 3, inclusive, 4.9; during the second subperiod, March 4-7, inclusive, 4.7; for the third subperibd, March 8-11, inclu- sive, 2.8; for the first, second, and third, taken together, February 28 to March 11, inclusive, 4.2; and for the after period, March 12-19, inclusive, 3.7. These data show an indication conflicting with those of Series II, since they seem to show that the percentage of fat absorbed in the body is increased under the administration of the preservative. This influence, also, does not seem to pass away entirely during the con- tinuance of the after period. SERIES IV. In the case of the three members of the table who completed the entire course (Nos. 8, 9, and 10) it is seen that the percentage of fat eliminated during the fore period, from March 20 to 27, inclusive, is 3,3; during the first preservative subperiod, March 28-31, inclusive, 5; during the second subperiod, April 1-4, inclusive, 3.2; during the first and second together, March 28 to April 4, inclusive, 4.1; during the third subperiod, April 5-9, inclusive, 3,6; during the first, second, and third subperiods together, March 28 to April 9, inclusive, 3.9; during the fourth subperiod, April 10-14, inclusive, 3.7; for the four subperiods, March 28 to April 14, inclusive, 3.8; and for the after period, April 15-22, inclusive, 3.6. These data show a very slight influence, if any, exerted by the pre- servative on the percentage of fat eliminated. There must have been a considerable increase in the case of the first preservative subperiod, but no marked differences thereafter. Only three members of this class completed the entire series, viz, Nos. 1, 3, and 5. During the fore period, April 24 to May 1, inclusive, the percentage of fat eliminated is 3.4; during- the first preservative subperiod, May 2-13, inclusive, it is 3.7; during the first and second subperiods, May 2-25, inclusive, 3.8; during the first, second, and third subperiods, May 2 to June 6, inclusive, 3.8; during the first, second, third, and fourth together. May 2 to June 20, inclusive, 4; during the after period, June 21-29, inclusive, 5.4. These data show a progressive increase in the percentage of fat eliminated up to and including the after period. They do not indicate any marked influence of the preservative in its relation to the con- sumption- of fat. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 233 COMPARISON OF PERCENTAriES OF FAT ELIMINATED. For ii general view of the influence of the preservative upon the percentage of the fat eliminated it is desirable to review the data as a whole. For this purpose the}' are collected into the following tabular statement, taken from Table LXXV (p. 886): Per cent. Fore periods 4. 1 Preservative periods 4.0 After periods _ 4.2 The data as a whole seem to indicate a very slight influence on the part of the preservative in increasing the percentage of fat consumed in the body. This action nmst be of \'erv small magnitude, and the data are so contradictory in regard to it individually that the evidence as a whole nmst be construed with this fact kept in view. CALORIES. Balance. It was considered that it would be of interest to study the efi:'ect of the added preservative upon the oxidation of the carbohydrates, fats, and other oxidizable substances in the foods during their passage through the bod3^ To this end the heat-producing power of the foods was determined by a combustion in an atmosphere of oxidation in the usual way, and this was compared with the amount of heat-producing materials^ left in the excreta. (See Tables LXXVI-LXXXIV.) In the latter case a partial determination of the heat value was made by direct combustion in the bomb for Series II, while in the case of Series III, IV, and V the heat value of the urine was calculated from its anah'sis. Numerous comparisons, however, of direct determina- tion of heat value and calculation from analysis indicate that the results of the two methods are suflSciently near together to serve for purposes of comparison wluni large numbers of samples arc considered. It is evident that where the body is neither gaining nor losing in weight the calories balance represents the actual quantity of heat pro- duced during the passage of the food through the bod3^ No calories were determined in Series I. In Series II the calories were studied in the case of only three of the mr;mbers of the class, and at the end of the preservative period these three were also ill, so that the con)plction of the series by a study of the aft(!r p(!iiod could not be accomplished. The summary' for Nos, 7 and 10 is disfnjs.sed, as No. 12 did not take tlu^ ])reservative through- out the third subperiod. Duringthi'fon^ period in this case, January '21-27, in(;lu8ive, the aver- age daily balanc^e for Nos. 7 and lo for the (;aloiies is ;'.,-l:l.S.3; for t\u\ 234 INB^LUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. first preservative subperiod, January 28-31, inclusive, it is 3,253.8; for the second subperiod, February 1-4, inclusive, 3,411; for the two sub- periods, January 28 to February 4, inclusive, 3,343.6; for the third subperiod, February 5-8, inclusive, it is 3,439.1. For the three sub- periods, January 28 to February 8, inclusive, it is 3,378.3. A study of this balance sheet, although the data are imperfect, shows that by the administration of boric acid no considerable change in the amount of food burned in the body was produced. In this series the data are also incomplete, by reason of the illness of Nos. 2 and 6 after the completion of the fore period, from February 19 to 27, inclusive. The average daily balance of the calories for this period for Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5 is 2,858; for the first preservative sub- period, extending from February 28 to March 3, inclusive, it is 2,949; for the second subperiod, March 4-7, inclusive, it is 2,788.27; for the third subperiod, March 8-11, inclusive, it is 2,233.11. For the three subperiods, February 28 to March 11, inclusive, the average dailj'' balance of the calories is 2,650.19; and for the after period, March 12-19, inclusive, it is 2,728.07. The data on this sheet show a slight increase in the combustion of the food during the first preservative subperiod, a slight decrease during the second subperiod, a decided decrease during the third sub- period, and a slight decrease in the three subperiods taken together, with a tendency in the after period to return to the normal of the fore period. SERIES IV. Only Nos. 8, 9, and 10 were able to complete the whole of Series IV, and while the data are given for the other members of the class, in so far as the observation extends, the comparison is necessaril}' based only upon those who completed the series. The average daily balance during the fore period, March 20-27, inclusive, for Nos. 8, 9, and 10 is 3,440.76; for the first preservative subperiod, March 28-31, inclusive, 3,377,85; for the second subperiod, April 1-4, inclusive, 3,365.34; for the two subperiods March 28 to April 4, inclusive, 3,371.60; forthe third subperiod, April 5-9, inclusive, it is 3,465.80; for the three subperiods from March 28 to April 9, inclu- sive, 3,407.83; for the fourth subperiod, April 10-14, .inclusive, it is 3,388.86; for the four subperiods March 28 to April 14, inclusive, it is 3,402.28; for the after period, April 15-22, inclusive, it is 3,051.94. The data on this balance sheet show but little variation in the balance for the calories during the fore period and the four preservative sub- periods. Yet they indicate a restraining influence of the preservative on the combustion of the food. These data, however, must first be compared with the actual amounts of calories in the ingested food, as is BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 285 done in otik-ulations of t he porcentag-es of the calories eliminated. Dur- in in the feces and urine. The percentage of solids excreted in the feces is 4.6 and in the feces and urine 13.7, and the average daily balance is 531.571 grams. It is interesting in this case to see what etiect the administration of the preservative had upon the total solids in the feces, and this is best given by percentages rather than by actual quantities because of the variation which takes place in the quantity of solids ingested. We see in this instance that daring the fore period the quantity of solids eliminated by the feces is 4.2 per cent. During the three preservative periods it is 4.6 per cent and during the after period 4.6 per cent. These data show that there is possibly a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the solids in the feces. In the case of the urine we tind the average percentage of solids excreted during the fore period is 9.7; during the three preservative periods, Q.S, and during the after period, 9.1. In this connection it must be remembered that practically all of the preservative administered appeared in the urine, thus slighth' increasing the solids therein. In general it may be said that the preservative has an apparent tendency in this series to increase the solids excreted in the feces. The data relating to this series are incomplete and highlj' unsatis- factory for reasons alread}' set forth, namely, on account of the ravages of the grippe. All the members of the class during the lat- ter part of this series were afflicted with more or less severe attacks of influenza. Solids determinations were made for Nos. 7, 10, and 12 onh\ The data are interesting and valuable in individual cases, but have been excluded from the general summary of the results. Never- theless, it has been deemed advisable not to exclude these data from the text and from discussion. As in the case of Series I, the individual data will not be discussed in detail here, but only the summary in so fai- as a comparison is possible. Two summaries are made of the com- l)aral»l(' data in Series II, namel}'', a comparison of Nos. 7 and 10, and .second a comparison of Nos. 7, 10, and 12. In the case of Nos. 7 and 10 the, mean quantity of solids ingested daily in tiie fore pei'iod is 673 gi-ams, of which 31. H grams arc; recov^ered in' the feces and 99.339 grams in 1 Ik- feces and urine. These data represent 4.7 per cent of the total >olids in the foofi i-(!co\'er(!d in the feces and 14.8 per cent in the feces and ui'ine. The mean daily balance is 573.6«)1 giams, this representing I Ik; total solids utilized by the body. Without discussing thesubperiods separately, it will be sullicient to call attention U) the sununary of the 240 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. preservative period, extending from January 28 to February 8, inclu- sive. The mean quantity of solids ingested in the food during this period is 668 grams, as compared with 673 in the fore period. Of this quantity the mean amount recovered in the feces is M.7 grams, and in the feces and urine 102.262 grams. The mean percentage of solids re- covered in the feces is 5.2 and in the feces and urine 15.3. The mean daily balance is 565.738 grams. The above data show a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the solids in the feces, whereas the quantity of solids appearing in the urine is not changed. This is an indication of the exercise of a slight degree of inhibition on the part of the preservative in the digestion and assimilation of the food. In the second summary of Series 11, namely, a comparison of the data of Nos. 7, 10, and 12, it is found that the mean quantity of solids ingested daily in the food, during the fore period, is 694 grams, of which 30.2 grams are recovered in the feces and 64.092 grams in the urine. The percentage of total solids eliminated in the feces is 4.4 and in the feces and urine 13.6. Without discussing the details of the various subperiods it will be sufficient to call attention to the data of the preservative period as a whole, extending from January 28 to February 8, inclusive. During this period the average daily quantity of solids in the food is 627 grams, of which 31.3 grams occur in the feces and 97.471 grams in the feces and urine. The percentage of total solids eliminated in the feces is 5 and in the feces and urine 15.5. In this summary, as in the preceding one, it is shown that the preserv- ative has a slight tendency to increase the solids in the feces. There is also noticed a slight tendency to increase the solids in the urine. A conclusion similar to that stated in the first summaiy seems to be also justified in this case. SERIES III. As in the preceding series the individual data for each member of the class during Series III are found in the tables, and discussion of the data will be confined to the summaries. Four men only completed all the periods of Series III, namely, Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5. The sum- mary, therefore, is confined to the data of these four men. During the fore period, extending from February 19 to 27, inclusive, the aver- age quantity of solids in the food is 691 grams. Of this amount 26.2 grams are recovered in the feces and 92.5 grams in the feces and urine. The percentage of total solids recovered in the feces is 3.8 and in the urine 11.4. The average daily balance during the fore period is 598.5. Without discussing the data for the various subperiods, attention will be directed to the summary of the whole preservative period, extending from February 28 to March 11, inclusive. The mean daily quantity of solids in the food during this period is 627 grams, of which 24.8 are recovered in the feces and 87.8 in the feceti BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 241 and urine. The average percentage of total solids eliminated in the feces during this period is 4, and in the urine 10.1. The average daily balance is 539.2 grams. During the after -period, extending from March 12 to 19, inclusive, the average quantity of solids in the food is 621 grams, of which 23.8 grams are recovered in the feces and 79.4 in the feces and urine. The average percentage of solids recov- ered in the feces is 3.9, and in the feces and urine 12.8. The average daih" balance is 541.6 grams. These data show a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the amount of solids appear- ing in the feces. The total effect, however, is not very great; yet when taken in connection with the preceding data it is evidence of a slight tendency to restrict the activity of the digestive ferments. A second summarj^ has also been obtained with Series III, in which five members of the table are included, namely, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. This summary includes only the fore period and the first subperiod, extend- ing over six days. The average daily quantity- of solids in the food during the fore period is 694.2, of which 26.5 grams are recovered in the feces and 91.6 grams in the feces and urine. The average per- centage of solids recovered in the feces is 3.8 and in the urine 9.4. The average dail}" balance is 602.6 grams. During the first subperiod the average quantity of solids in the foods is 687 grams, of which there is recovered in the feces 29 grams, and in the feces and urine 94.1 grams. The average percentage of total solids recovered in the feces during this period is 4.2 and in the urine 9.5, and the average daily balance is 592.9 grams. These data also show, as in the preceding case, a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the percentage of solids in the feces, and to this extent to restrict or limit the activity of the digestive ferments. The individual data in this case are given in full in the balance sheets, but only the summaries will be discussed. In Series IV the summarj' includes the data for only three of the individuals, namely, Nos. 8, 9, and 10. During the fore period, extending from March 20 to 27, the average quantity of solids in the food is 636 grams. Of this amount 25.3 grams appear in the feces and 86.888 grams in the feces and urine. The average percentage of solids eliminated in the feces is 4 and in the feces and urine 13.6. Th«; average daily balance of solids is 549.112 grams. The data for the vai-ious sul)periods, extending from March 28 to April 14, are given s(!parately, Ijiit the data for the entire preservativ^e |)!;riodonly will be considered in this comparison. During this period th(! average daily (|uantity of solids in th(! food is 646 grams, of which 30.2 grams api)ear in the feces and 89.803 grams in the feces and urine. The percentage of solids (iliminatcd in the feces is 4.7 and in the feces and urine 13.9. The average- daily balance is 556.197 grams. Durinq" 4242— No. H4, pt 1 — (W 16 242 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. the after period, extending from April 16 to 22, inclusive, the average quantity of solids in the food is 547 grams, of which there were recov- ered in the feces 24.6 grams and in the feces and urine 79.287 grams. The percentage of solids eliminated in the feces is 4.5 and in the urine 10. The average daily balance is 467.713. The data indicate, as in the preceding instances, a slight tendency on the part of the preserva- tive to increase the quantity of solids in the feces, thus indicating a slight tendency to restrict or limit the activity of the digestive ferments. SEKIES V. The individual data are given in full in the tables. Three different summaries are given for this series. First, for three men, Nos. 1, 3, and 5, who completed the entire series of observations; the second and third for five and six men, respectively, who completed the greater part but not all of the periods of observation. In the summary of the three men for whom complete data are found, in the fore period, extending from April 24 to May 1, the avei*age daily quantity of solids in the food is 606 grams, of which 26.6 appear in the feces and 85.27 in the feces and urine; 4.4 per cent of the total solids in the food are elimin- ated in the feces and 14.1 per cent in the feces and urine. The aver- age daily balance is 519.73 grams. The summaries for the various subperiods are given separately. The discussion, however, will be confined to the general summary, extending from May 2 to June 20, inclusive. The average daily quantity of solids in the food during this period is 636 grams, of which 29.8 grams are recovered in the feces and 88.202 grams in the feces and urine. The percentage of total solids eliminated in the feces during this period is 4.7 and in the feces and urine 13.9. The average daily balance is 646.798 grams. During the after period the mean daily quantity of solids in the food is 665 grams, of which 37 aie recovered in the feces and 95.747 in the feces and urine. The percentage of solids recovered in the feces is 5.6 and in the feces and urine 14.4. The average daily balance is 569.253 grams. These data, extending over a long period, show a slight tend- ency on the part of the preservative to increase the quantity of solids eliminated in the feces, and this tendency becomes much more marked during the after period. In this respect the data of this series differ from those of all the preceding series. It is noticed, however, that in the last subperiod, extending from June 7 to 20, there is a marked tendency to increase the percentage of solids eliminated in the feces, the percentage eliminated during this period being 5.2. This seems to indicate that the long-continued use of the preservative had a tendency to intensify the restricting influence thereof upon the digestive fer- ments, and this tendency is continued during the after period. In the second summary of Series V, including the data for five men, we find the following facts: The total quantity of solids in the food BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 243 during the fore period, extending from April 24 to Ma>' 1, is 590 grams, of wliioh ^jJ) grams appear in the feces and 80.814 in the feces and urine. The percentage of solids eliminated in the feces is 4.3 and in the feces and urine 13.7. The average dail}- balance is 509.186 grams. During the tirst subperiod, extending from May 2 to 13, the percentage of solids eliminated in the feces increased from 4.3 in the fore period to 4.(3. During the second subperiod, extending from May 14 to 25, inclusive, the percentage of solids eliminated in the feces remains the same as in the first subperiod, namelv, 4.6. During the third sub- period, extending from May 26 to June 6, the percentage of solids eliminated in the feces rises to 4.9. During the three subperiods, from ]May 2 to June 6, the percentage of solids eliminated in the feces is 4. T. These data, although they do not include the latter part of the preservative period nor any of the after period, show, as in the other cases, a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to restrict or limit the activity of the digestive ferments. The third suumiar}" includes six men and the period of observation extends from April 24 to May 25, inclusive. During the fore period, extending from April 24 to May 1, the average quantity of solids in the foods is 578 grams, of which 25.1 grams are recovered in the feces and 79.t>(i6 grams in the feces and urine. The percentage of solids in the food eliminated in the feces is 4.3 and in the feces and urine 13.8. The average daily balance is 498.094 grams. In the first preservative subperiod. extending from ^Nlav 2 to 13, inclusive, the percentage of solids in the food eliminated in the feces rises to 4.6. It remains the same during the second subperiod, at which time the comparison of tlie six men ceases. These data again show a slight tendencv on the part of the preservative to increase the percentage of the solids in the food eliminated in the feces. COMPARISON OF SOLIDS BALANCES. In the general summaries it is indicated that the total solids excreted during the pres(»rvative periods are somewhat higher than during either the fore periods or the after periods. The efi'cct on the total solids is similar to that on the phosphoric acid. The increase in total solids excreted is due chiefly to their excess in the feces. 1'he total number of complete individual ol)servations included in each series is as follows: Series I, 6 men; Series III, 4 men; Series I\', 3 men; Series V, 3 men. These men completed all the periods of the different series. The average daily quantit}' of solids in the foods during the fore periods in th(!se cases is 631.5 grams. The average quantity appearing in the feces is 25.6 grams, and in the feces and urine 86.699 grams. 'I'he average percentage; of the total solids in the food appearing in the feces is 4.1, and in t\u' feces and urine 13.7. The average daily bal- 244 IISTFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. ance is 644.701 grams. During the preservative periods the average daily quantity of solids in the food is 627.6, of which 28.6 grams appear in the feces and 88.025 grams in the feces and urine; 4.6 per cent of the total solids in the food appear in the feces and 14 per cent in the feces and urine. The average daily balance is 639.875 grams. In the summary of the after periods it is seen that the average daily quantity of solids in the food is 614.1 grams, of which 28.3 grams appear in the feces and 84.677 in the feces and urine; 4.6 per cent of the total solids in the foods appear in the feces and 13.8 per cent in the feces and urine. The average daily balance is 630,123 grams. This general summary confirms the conclusion based upon the indi- vidual series. It shows a slight tendency on the part of the preserv- ative to increase the percentage of solids in the food eliminated in the feces, and this increase continues in the same magnitude during the after period. This continued effect is easily explained by the tendency established in the long exhibition of the preservative to slightly derange the digestive functions. It requires at least half of the after period to secure the elimination of the preservative from the digestive sys- tem, and the other half of the after period is evidently too short a time to secure in every case the reestablishment of normal conditions. SUMMARY OF RESULTS. EXCRETION OF ADDED PRESERVATIVES. The boric acid and borax taken into the stomach daring the progress of these experiments were excreted almost entirely by the kidneys. (See Tables III- VIII.) In the first series of experiments 83.05 per cent was thus excreted, in the second series 82.85 per cent, in the third series 63.87 per cent, in the fourth series 82.96 per cent, and in the fifth series 75.17 per cent. During the course of observation 607.4 grams of preservative were given, either in the form of boric acid or the equivalent in borax, of which 468.69 grams were excreted in the urine, or 77.16 per cent of the whole. (See Table VIII.) These numbers include the data for Series III, where the quantity of the preservative recovered in the urine appears to be abnormally low. In round numbers it may be said that 80 per cent of the boric acid and borax taken into the sj'^stem in foods is excreted in the urine. It is probable that the rest is chiefly excreted with the perspiration. Only small quantities are found in the feces. INFLUENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE UPON THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY. In every series there was a marked tendency on the part of boric acid and borax to diminish slightly the weight of the body, although this tendency was in some instances checked during the after periods BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 245 and a portion of the loss of weight was regained. In general, how- ever, there was a tendency to continue the loss of weight during the after periods. These facts are more strongly brought out by the graphic representations of bodj^ weight which are given in this report. RATIO OF FOOD CONSUMED TO BODY WEIGHT. Of interest in connection with the other purposes of this investiga- tion is a study of the relation of the weight of food consumed to the bod}' weight, which was made in detail during the tii'st series of obser- vations. This study was made of each individual article of diet, and inckided a statement of the ratio of the weight of food, including the water consumed, and the ratio of tlie weight of the dry matter in the food to the body weight. During the fore period, first series of ol)servations, the average daily weight of the moist food, including water drunk, was 4.20 per cent of the total weight of the body, during the preservative period 4.22 per cent, and for the after period 4.21 per cent. It is seen bj^ the above that the administration of the preservative caused very little variation in the weight of food consumed compared with the weight of the body. Reduced to water-free basis the quantit}" of food consumed in rela- tion to the weight of the body is as follows: Per cunt. Fore period 0. 96 Preservative period 99 After period 1. 01 These data show that there is veiy little difference in the total (juantity of dr}- matter in the food during the three periods. From the above data it is seen that the total quantity of drj^ matter in the food consumed daily is, in round numbers, 1 per cent of the weight of the bod}-. For a man weighing 150 pounds, therefore, the (quantity of dry matter daily consumed in the food is, in round num- bers, 1..5 pounds. TUK EFFECT OF THE PRESERVATIVE UPON THE NUMBER OF CORPUSCLES AS]) THE QUANTITY OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE BLOOD. Then; was no rcguhir influence esta))]ished relating to the effect of the preservative in increasing or decreasing the number of corpuscles in the blood. The data in individual cases are often contradictory, and a general summary of them leads to no conclusive result. The final deduetion can only f)e drawn that if the preservative affects the num- l)(;i- of (;orpuHcles and tin; amount of hemoglobin at all it does so in a veiv irregular niarin indi- vidual variations arc somewhat niarkcid, showing the danger of depend- ing too positively upon data from only one or two peisons. A slight tenderK;y is shown, however, on the part of the preservativ<' to dcM-i-ease the excretion of nitrogen, which tendency becomes luoiv. marked after 248 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERV ATIVES ON HEALTH. the withdrawal of the preservative. For instance, the average nitrogen balance of the four series of observation (excluding Series II), during the fore periods is 0.964, during the preservative periods 1.02, and dur- ing the after periods, 1.69 grams per day. Expressed as a percentage, the combined data show an excretion of 94. 5 per cent of nitrogen taken in the food during the fore periods, 94.1 per cent in the preservative periods, and 90.3 in the after periods. The general summary of all the experiments with borax and boric acid indicates the largest elimination of nitrogen in the fore periods, an intermediate amount in the preservative periods, and the smallest elimination in the after periods. This relation is either produced by causes other than the adminis- tration of the preservative or the effect of the preservative continues after its administration has ceased and even after the preservative itself has ceased to be excreted from the bod3^ It is not impossible that such an influence may be exerted. The retarding influence of the preservative probably increases with the length of the experiment, especially in those cases in which the amount of preservative admin- istered is progressive!}^ increased. When the administration of the preservative is discontinued the elimination of nitrogen is probably at the lowest point (if depressed by the preservative), and yet during the first days of the after period (at least while the preservative is still in the system) the amount of nitrogen eliminated is probably as low as on the preceding days. There may be a tendency of the preservative in the large amounts in which it is administered to increase the forma- tion of difficultly soluble compounds of nitrogen, and by that means, if no other, retard its elimination from the body. THE EFFECT OF THE PRESERVATIVE UPON THE METABOLISM OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. A study of the data relative to the influence of boric acid and borax upon the metabolism of phosphorus reveals many contradictory results. When, however, all the data are collected into one expression it is found that the influence of these bodies added to the food is distinctly marked on the metabolism of phosphorus and phosphoric acid. There is a distinct tendency shown by them to increase the quantity of phos- phoric acid excreted during the period of the administration of the preservative. In the combined data of Series I, III, IV, and V the average per cent of phosphoric acid taken in the food eliminafed during the fore periods of observation is 97.3, during the preservative periods 103.1, and during the after periods 97. INFLUENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE UPON THE ELIMINATION OF FAT. The influence of boric acid and borax upon the metabolism of fat is not very marked. There is a slight tendency shown to decrease the BORIC AOIC AND BORAX. 249 elimination of fat in the feces diirino- the achniiiistration of the preserv- ative, and a tendencv to recover is shown during the after periods. The percentage of fat ingested in the food eliminated during the fore periods is -t.!, during the preservative periods 4, and during the after periods 4.2. Tliese data show that ahiiost no disturbance in the metab- olism of fat is caused b}" the administration of the preservative. INFLUENCE OF BORIC ACID AND BORAX UPON THE OXIDATION OF THE COMBUSTIBLE MATTER IN THE FOOD. The collected data of all the series, except Series 11, show that 6.4 per cent of the combustible matter in the food is eliminated, unburned, during the fore periods, 6.6 per cent during the preservative periods, and 7 per cent during the after periods. These data show a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to interfere with the com- bustion of the food in the body, and this tendency is continued in even a more marked manner during the after periods. INFLUENCE OF THE PRESERVATIVE UPON THE SOLIDS EXCRETED. The solids summary for all of the series, except Series II, shows that the average quantity of solids in the food during the fore periods is 031. .5 grams, during the preservative periods 627.6 grams, and dur- ing the after periods 614.1 grams. The average daily quantit}^ of solids appearing in the feces in the fore periods is 25.6 grams, in the preservative periods 28.6 grams, and in the after periods 28.3 grams. The average quantity appearing in the urine during the fore periods is 64.48 grams, during the preservative periods 59.37 grams, and in the after periods 56.20 grams. The average balance of total solids during the fore periods is 544.701 grams, during the preservative periods 539.875 grams, and during the after periods 530.123 grams. These data show a slight tendency on the part of the preservative to increase the total solids excreted in the feces and to decrease the tottil solids excreted by the urine. There is a distinct tendency manifested b\- the i)reservative to interfere with the processes of digestion and absorption. Inasmuch, however, as the total quantity of solids admin- istered in th(! food varied slightly in the diflerent periods, a fairer int('r})i('tution is obtained by comparing the percentages of the total solids exhibited in the food eliminated by the feces and urine, respec- tively. In this comparison it is foiuid that the total i)ercentago of solids in the food (eliminated in the feces during the fore periods is 4.1, during the preservative periods 4.6, and during the after periods 4.6. The pei-contagcof solids in the food eliminated in the urine dur- ing the forte [H-riods is 10.2, during the preservativ(; periods 9.5, and during the afU;r periods 9.1. These percentages indicate also very strongly the influencntains 1 gram of boi-ic arid or an amount of borax e(juival(Mit thereto. The maxiniuni (|uanti(y of boric acid used in a day in this 252 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. case would be 1 gram. In point of fact, however, it would rarely if ever reach this amount, but even in those cases where butter is eaten freely probably half a gram would be about the maximum quantity consumed. Further than this, 1 per cent of boric acid or its equiva- lent of borax in butter is a very large quantity. Probabl}'^ as a rule not more than one-half of 1 per cent is employed. In this case the quantity of boric acid likely to be consumed by an}' one individual in a day would be reduced to one-quarter of a gram. In the case of meats preserved by borax, although larger quantities are eaten than of butter, it is not likel}^ that a.nj larger quantities of borax would be consumed. Thus it appears that those who habituallj'^ eat butter and meat preserved with borax might be consuming a half a gram or a little more of boric acid per da3^ But preserved meats are not regularly eaten, and hence the quantity mentioned is likely to be overestimated. It would be unwise to affirm in a case of this kind, in the light of the data obtained by the experiments, that such a mini- mum consumption of borax, especially when not continuous, would prove deleterious within any reasonable time of observation. The question then arises: Does the absence of such proof or the impracti- cability of obtaining it serve as a justifiable excuse for the use of this preservative? This question ought not to be decided alone, because the principle, of the decision must stand, not only for boric acid and borax, but for every preservative used in foods. In other words, whatever principle is established for judgment as to the use of boric acid in small portions must also be applied to the use of every other preservative used in foods. The principle must also be still further extended, so that what- ever may be established as regards butter or meat must be admitted in respect of every other substance used as food. Hence before admitting the full force of the argument de minimis the full significance of such an admission must be considered and the practically unlimited extent of its application acknowledged. This leads to the discussion of the fact that in the majority of cases the labor of freeing the system from added preservatives falls princi- pally upon the kidneys. In the method of life in vogue in this country the kidneys are alreadj^ hard-worked organs. Americans probably eat more freely than the citizens of almost any other country, with the possible exception of England. Large quantities of nitrogenous foods are consumed. In the breaking down of the nitrogenous tissues the kidneys are the chief organs for the excretion of the debris. The addition of any further burden, therefore, no matter how minute, is to be deplored. If, however, the principle be admitted that injurious substances may be used in such small quantities as to be practically harmless, then we find the way open for loading upon the kidneys many different functions in addition to those which they now discharge. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 253 If they may be justly called upon to eliminate the small ([uantities of boric acid added in food, they can not logically be freed from the necessit}' of eliminating- ulso minute quantities of salicylic acid, sac- charin, sulphurous acid, and sulphites, together with the whole list of the remaining preservatives, which are eliminated principally through the kidnej's. It would be useless to contend that the occasional con- sumption of small quantities of boric acid in a sausag-e, in butter, or in preserved meat would produce even upon delicate stomachs any continuing" deleterious efi'ect which could be detected l)y any of the means at our disposal; })ut natural!}^ it seems that this admission does not ill any way justify the indiscriminate use of this preservative in food products, implying, as it would, the equal right of all other preservatives of a like character to exist in food products without restriction. It appears, therefore, that there is no convincing force in the argu- ment de III In ill) Is unless it can be established that there is only a single preservative used in foods, that this preservative is used in only a few foods, that it will be consumed in extremely minute quantities, and that the foods in which it is found are consumed at irregular intervals and in small amounts. On the other hand, the logical conclusion which seems to follow from the data at our disposal is that the use of boric acid and equivalent amounts of borax should be restricted to those cases where the necessity therefor is clearly manifest, and where it is demonstrable that other methods of food preservation are not applicable and that without the use of such a preservative the deleterious etiects produced by the foods themselves, by reason of decomposition, would be far greater than could possibly come from the use of the preservative in minimum quantities. In these cases it would also follow, apparently, as a matter of public information, and especial h' for the protection of the young, the debilitated, and the sick, that each article of food should be plainly labeled and branded in n^gard to the character and quantitj'^ of the preservative employed. iJe minim is mm curat lex is a legal phrase which may be capable of more than one construction. In the light of the above discussion it may bo said that its proper interpretation would be by the phrase, ■■The law does not excuse the use of injurious substances because they may be present in small quantities." EFFECT OF HOlUC ACID AND HOKAX UPON OENEUAL HEALTH. The most interesting of the observations which were made during the progress of the experiments was in the study of the direct effect of boric acid atifl borax, when administered in food, upon the health and digestion. When bcH'ic acid, oi' its equivalent in borax, is taken into the food in small (quantities, not exceeding half a gram (7^ grains) a 254 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. day, no notable effects are immediatel}^ produced. The medical symp- toms of the cases, in long-continued exhibitions of small doses or in large doses extending over a shorter period, show in many instances a manifest tendency to diminish the appetite and to produce a feeling of fullness and uneasiness in the stomach, which in some cases results in nausea, with a very general tendency to produce a sense of fullness in the head, which is often manifested as a dull and persistent headache. In addition to the uneasiness produced in the region of the stomach there appear in some instances sharp and well-located pains, which, however, are not persistent. Although the depression in the weight of the body and some of the other symptoms produced persist in the after periods, there is a uniform tendency manifested after the with- drawal of the preservative toward the removal of the unpleasant sen- sations in the stomach and head above mentioned. The administration of boric acid to the amount of -i or 5 grams per day or borax equivalent thereto continued for some time results in most cases in loss of appetite and inability to perform work of any kind. In many cases the person becomes ill and unfit for duty. Four grams per day may be regarded, then, as the limit of exhibition beyond which the normal man may not go. The administration of 3 grams per day produced the same symptoms in many cases, although it appeared that a majority of the men under observation were able to take 3 grams a day for a somewhat protracted period and still perform their duties. They commonly felt injurious effects from the dose, however, and it is certain that the normal man could not long continue to receive 3 grams per day. In many cases the same results, though less marked, follow the administration of borax to the extent of 2 grams and even of 1 gram per day, although the illness following the administration of borax and boric acid in those proportions ma}^ be explained in some cases by other causes, chiefly grippe. The administration of borax and boric acid to the extent of one-half gram per day yielded results markedly different from those obtained with larger quantities of the preservatives. This experiment, Series V, conducted as it was for a period of fift}^ days, was a rather severe test, and it appeared that in some instances a somewhat unfavorable result attended it. On the whole, the results show that one-half gram per day is too much for the normal man to receive regularly. On the other hand, it is evident that the normal man can receive one-half gram per day of boric acid, or of borax expressed in terms of boric acid, for a limited period of time without much danger of impairment of health. It is, of course, not to be denied that both borax and boric acid are recognized as valuable remedies in medicine. There are certain dis- BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 255 eases in which these remedies are regularly' preseri})ed for both internal and external use. The value which they possess in these cases does not seem to have any relation to their use in the healthy organism except when properly prescribed as prophylactics. The fact that any remedy is useful in disease does not appear to logically warrant its use at any other time. It appears, therefore, that both boric acid and borax, when contin- uously administered in small doses for a long period or when given in large quantities for a short period, create disturbances of appetite, of digestion, and of health. APPENDIX. TABLES SHOWING BALANCES OF FOOD ELEMENTS. EXPLANATION. The sheets on which the balances of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, fat, calories, and solids were calculated are printed in full. The nitrogen sheets, for example, include the number of grams of nitrogen per day in the food consumed and the number of grams eliminated in the feces and in the urine, the figures being taken from sheets on which they have been previously calculated from the weights and the percentage composition. From these figures data are calculated for the succeeding columns, which show the percentages of nitrogen eliminated in the feces, in the urine, and in both, and also the balance between the quantity of nitrogen ingested and the quantity excreted. For the convenience of calculators the columns are numbered at the top, and just below the heading the necessary calculation is indicated in parentheses. For instance, column 4 is calculated by adding together the corre- sponding figures of columns 2 and 3; column 5 by dividing the figures in column 2. by those in column 1; while the balances in column 8 are obtained by subtracting the results in column 4 from those in column 1. Exceptions to the general method of calculation are the total and the average in column 4, which are not obtained by adding together the totals and averages respectively in columns 2 and 3. The total in column 4 is obtained by adding together the various individual figures in the same column, and the average by dividing the total by the corresponding num- ber of days. The sheets for phosphoric acid, fat, calories, and solids are similarly arranged. For various reasons it sometimes happened that a sample of urine or feces of an individual for a single day was lost. This was sometimes occasioned by the break- age of a receptacle, sometimes by sickness of a member of the table, sometimes by accident in the analytical work. As the work progressed and was better systema- tized these losses of samples became less frequent. In order to secure all possible data the analysis of the food and feces is given, even for those days for which the sample of urine was lost, and the analysis of food and urine for those days on which the sample of feces was lost. In the first case, how- ever, the amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, fat, calories of combustion, or solids of the food and of the feces is placed in brackets. In the second case, in which the sample of feces was lost, the grams of nitrogen, etc., in the food and in the urine are placed in parentheses. The figures given without either brackets or paren- theses therefore represent those days for which the analysis of food, feces, and urine was complete. In the totals of each period and subperiod it was desired to have as full informa- tion as possible. In determining the amount of nitrogen, etc., eliminated in both feces and urine of course only those figures could be employed which were not inclosed in either brackets or parentheses; that is, for those days for which both feces and urine were entirely saved and examined. For the total amount of nitrogen, etc., in the feces alone for a given period or subperiod, however, not only are the uninclosed figures added together, but also those inclosed in brackets are included, and for comparison with them the amount of nitrogen, etc., in food for the same 256 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 257 dayn is determined; that is-, the figures in the first column which are neither in brackets nor in parentheses are added to the figures in brackets. In order to deter- mine the total nitrogen eliminated in the urine the figures for those days for which both the feces and urine were all saved and examined are added to tliose in which the urine was saved but the feces lost; that is, the figures which are neither in brackets nor i)arentheses are added to the figures in parentheses. For comparison with them the amount of nitrogen, etc., in food for the corresponding days was also deter- mined; that is, the figures in column 1 which are neither in brackets nor in paren- theses are added to the figures in parentheses. In Table XLV, for instance (subject Xo. 1, Series I), the number of grams of nitro- gen in the food for the fore period (December 16-21, 1902), was 113.226. This figure includes the nitrogen in the food for December 16, when the sample of urine was lost. The nitrogen in the food for December 16 is therefore inclosed in brackets, and the sum of the nitrogen for all the days on which the feces were saved, in this case for all days of the period, is also inclosed in brackets. The same is true of column 2, in which the nitrogen of the feces is given. The urine and feces were both saved for all days of the period excepting December 16, and the sum of the nitrogen in the food for those days is given, and the result expressed in figures that are not inclosed in either brackets or 2)arentheses. The average amount of nitrogen, etc., in the food for each day on which both feces and urine were analyzed is. determined by dividing the number which is not in parentheses, 9-1.948, by the number of days represented in this sum; that is, from December 17 to December 21, inclusive. The figure so obtained represents the aver- age amount of nitrogen for one day of the period when both urine and feces were examined and is not placed in either brackets or parentheses. The average amount of nitrogen in tiie urine is of course obtained by dividing the total number of grams for the period by the same number of days. On the other hand, the average number of grams of nitrogen in the food for each day on which the feces were collected and examined is obtained by dividing the sum in brackets, 113.226, by the total number of days on which the feces were saved, that is, from December 16 to December 21, inclusive, and the result so obtained is placed in brackets. The average number of grams per day of nitrogen in the feces is also obtained by dividing the number in brackets in the second column, 8.735, by the total number of days on which the feces were obtained; that is, from December 16 to Deceniljer 21, inclusive. The amount of nitrogen eliminated in both feces and urine is obtained, as directed in the table, by adding together the amount eliminated each day in the feces to the amount eliminated in the urine. To obtain this result the figures inclosed in parentheses and brackets are omitted. The amount eliminated in both feces and urine for a period or subperiod is determined by adding together the amount elim- inated in both feces and urine for all individual days in that period or subperiod. This figure of course does not include any of the figures expressed in brackets and parentheses in columns 2 and 3. It is therefore not equal to the sum which includes those results; for instance, in the table referred to above (Table XLV) the total nitrogen eliminated in both feces and urine during the fore period refers only to the time from December 17 to December 21, inctlusive, and is not equal to the sum of the amount of nitrogen eliminated in the feces (8.735 grams, which includes also the data for December 16) and the amount of the nitrogen in the urine for Decem- ber 17 to 21 (76.880 grams). This ai)plies also to the other case mentioned; that is, where the sample of feces is lost and the results on food and urine for the corre- sponding days are inclosed in parentheses. The averages that would have been obtained by excluding all results for those days on whif,h either feces or urine were lost would not have differed greatly from those 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 17 258 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. here given, but it was desired to make the report as full as possible and include as far as practicable all of the results obtained. Great care must be taken to distinguish days on which the sample of feces was lost and days on which no movement of the bowels occurred. In the latter case no substance was lost, as the excrement would naturally be collected on a later date. An illustration of this is given under No. 2, for December 18, page 261. On this date no movement occurred, and yet it was included in the number of days on which feces are collected and analyzed; that is,. the sum of the nitrogen in the feces for No. 2 during the fore period from December 16 to December 21, inclusive, was 8.080 grams. Since no sample was lost, the number of grams given is divided by 6 to obtain the average weight of nitrogen per day eliminated in the feces. In order to bring together and average the results for all the men for each series and express them as a unit they were collected in summaries. The summary of the nitrogen data obtained in Series I is given on page 266. Here under each man the sums of each period are given, first, for the daj's on which both urine and feces were collected and analyzed (figures not inclosed either in brackets or in parentheses); second, for the days on which feces were lost, but urine was analyzed (figures inclosed in parentheses) ; and third, for the days on which urine was lost, but the feces were analyzed (figures inclosed in brackets). The totals for all men for each period were obtained by adding together, first, the figures not inclosed in either brackets or parentheses; second, the figures inclosed in parentheses, and adding to them the figures not inclosed in either brackets or paren- theses for those men for whom no figures in parentheses are given; third, by adding together all figures inclosed in brackets and adding to them all figures not inclosed in either brackets or parentheses for those men for whom no figures in brackets are given. To illustrate, in the summary for the fore period for Series I (p. 266), the number of grams of nitrogen in the food of all men for all days on which both feces and urine were saved and examined amounted to 566.765 grams. This sum was obtained by adding the following figures: 94.948, 89.778, 115.501, 84.465, 101.744, 80.329. The number of grams of nitrogen in the food for those days on which feces were all recovered and analyzed was found by adding together all of the figures given above with the exception of 94.948 and 89.778 and adding to this result the figures expressed in brackets, that is, 113.226 and 105.085. The number of grams of nitrogen in the food for all days on which the urine was recovered and analyzed was found bj^ adding together the figures given above for those days on which both urine and feces were recovered, with the exception of 84.465, and adding to that sum the number of grams of nitrogen in the food of No. 4 for all days on which the urine alone was saved and analyzed, that is, 101.641. In order to determine the average amount of nitrogen per day in the food for all days on which both urine and feces were recovered and analyzed it is necessary to turn to the individual balance sheets and count the days and use the number thus obtained to divide into the total number of grams in the food for those days. Bj referring to the individual balance sheets we note that both urine and feces were recovered and analyzed in the fore period for the following number of days: No. 1, five days; No. 2, five days; No. 3, six days; No. 4, five days; No. 5, six days; No. 6, six days, making a total of thirty-three days. Now, dividing 566.765 grams (that is, the amount of nitrogen in the food for all days on which the urine and feces were entirely recovered and analyzed) by this number of days, we have the result 17.17; ■that is, the average number of grams of nitrogen in the food for each man for each day of this period. In the same way the number of days in the fore period on which the feces were collected and analyzed was: No. 1, six days; No. 2, six days; No. 3, six days; No. 4, BOEIC ACID AND BORAX. 259 five days; Xo. 5, six days; No. 6, six days — in all thirty-five days. Bj^ referring to the total, it was seen that the nitrogen in the food consumed during the same time — that is, the figure in brackets — amounted to 600.350 grams. This divided by 35 gives 17.15 grams, or the average number of grams of nitrogen consumed by each person for each day on which the feces were collected and analyzed. Applying the same jirinciple to urine, the number of days on which the urine was saved in the fore period of the first series was: No. 1, five days; No. 2, five days; No. 3, six days; No. 4, six days; No. 5, six da5's; No. 6, six days, making in all thirty-four days. The number of grams of nitrogen consumed during the same time amounted to 583.941 (the figure given in parentheses). This divided by 34 gives 17.17 grams as the average amount of nitrogen consumed by each man for each day on which the urine was collected and analyzed. In column 2 the numbers given for each man represent the nitrogen eliminated for all days on which the feces were analyzed, while the total and average are obtained jiLSt as in column 1, using the same number of days used in obtaining the bracketed average in the food column. Similarly, in colunm 3, the individual data represent all days on which the urine was analyzed, and the average is obtained by using the number of days used in obtaining the average in parentheses in the food column. The same principle applies to column 4, where the average is obtained in the same manner as the uninclosed average in column 1. In the percentage and balance columns the total and average results ai'e obtained as indicated in the heading, using in each case the numbers on the same line in the corresponding columns. This same princiijle applies to the statements regarding nitrogen, phosphoric acid, fat, calories, and solids for all experiments conducted. The same method of record-" ing, collecting, and averaging was employed in all periods. Now, still further to simplity the data and reduce not merely the results of one series to a single statement, but to reduce all the series to the same basis, tables com- bining the various summaries for the several series have been prepared. As an illustration of this. Table LV, on page 306, general summary of nitrogen balances, is cited. During the fore period of Series I, 566.765 grams of nitrogen were consumed on the days when the feces and urine were collected and analyzed, 600.350 grams were consumed on all days for which feces were collected and analyzed, and 583.941 grams of nitrogen were consumed on the days on wliich urine was collected and analyzed. Durintr the fore periods of all series, 1,937.485 grams of nitrogen were consumed during the days on which both feces and urine were collected and analyzed. The coiTesponding numV)er of days for all fore periods, obtained as indicated above, was 111. Dividing 1,937.485 by 111 gives 17.455 as the average number of grams of nitrogen consumed by each man during the fore periods of all series for each day on which both feces and urine were collected and analyzed. The corresponding results for all days on which feces were examined and for all days on which urine was examined are obtained in the same manner, using for the former the figures in V)rackets and for the latter the figures in ])arentheses. It is to be noted that in the general sununaries Series II lias been omitted from the averages owing to the fact that all of the men were ill at the close of the ])reserv- ative [M-riod and no after period was ran. It was not desired to compare the averages of the fore perif)ds and preservative i)eriods of five series with the after periods of four series, and for that feason the results on Series II are omitted in the averages. At the same time the figures are given for the sake of comparison. 260 USTFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. NITROGEN TABIjES. Table XLV. — Nitrogen balances for Series I. JSTo. T. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1). 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1902 — Dec 16 Grams. [18. 278] 17. 194 19. 291 18. 964 19. 704 19. 795 Grams. [1.878] 1.091 1.020 1.590 1.754 1.402 Grams. Grams. Per ct. [10.3] 6.3 Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 17 14. 514 15. 036 14. 960 1 32. 370 15.60 16.06 16. .55 35.53 84.4 90.7 83.2 87.3 90. + 1.59 + 3.23 + 2.41 + 3.97 IS 5.3 77.9 8.4 78.9 8.0 82.0 19 20 21 f 94 94S 76.880 83.74 i 81 _0 88.2 +11.20 ^'^^^^ \ [113.226] rs. 73.51 [7.7] (1 18.990 1...' \ 15. 376 16.75 1 + 2.24 Average | n8.S7n! n.4561 *■ ■* ' Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 19. 213 17. 710 16. 430 19. 030 20. 030 1.486 1.105 1.361 1.366 1. 042 16.00 14.52 16.51 15.73 15.11 17.49 15. 62 17.87 17.10 16.15 7.7 6.2 8.3 7.2 5.2 83.2 82.0 100.5 82.7 75.4 91.0 88.2 108.8 89.9 80.6 + 1.72 + 2.09 - 1.44 + 1.93 + 3.88 1.0 1 24 "1 25 1.0 26 1 Total 92. 413 18. 483 6.360 1.272 77.87 15.67 84.23 16. 85 6.8 84.3 91.1 + 8.18 + 1.63 5 Average Second subper'od: 1902— Dec. 27 19.77 19.97 19.79 (20. 71) 2.145 1.860 1.118 Lost. 18.04 15. 12 17.30 (17.36) 20.18 16.98 18.42 10.8 9.3 5.6 91.2 75.7 87.4 (S3. 8) 102.0 85.0 93.0 - 0.41 + 2.99 + 1.37 2 28 2 29... 2 30 2.0 Total 1 Average | 59. 53 (80.24) 19.84 (20.06) 5.123 55.58 8.6 ■"(84.'5) 93.4 + 3.95 } .8.0 (67. 82) 1.708 18. 53 + 1.31 (16. 96) 1 1 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 19.29 19.01 15.19 15.28 1. 305 .628 1.224 1.058 14.28 16.52 15.05 17.86 15. 58 17. 15 16.27 18.92 6.8 3.3 8.1 6.9 74.0 86.9 99.0 116.9 80.8 90.2 107.1 123. 8 + 3.71 + 1.86 - 1.08 - 3.64 3 1903— Jan. 1 3 <> 3 3 3 Total 68.77 17.19 4.215 1.054 63.71 15. 93 67.92 , 16. 98 6.1 92.6 98.7 + .85 + .21 19 Average Entire preservative period: Total 1 220. 713 (241. 423 1 16. 978 (18. 571) 15. 698 207. 73 7.1 ■■(86.'7J 94.1 +12. 98 1 25.0 (209. 40) Average J 1.308 17.81 - .33 (16. ii) After period. 1903— Jan. 4 21.47 21.54 20.77 22.38 18.92 (19. 90) 18.86 " 16. 86 19.02 18.79 1.296 1.208 1.878 1.736 2.374 Broken. 1. 143 1.379 1.506 2.210 14.98 17.37 17.54 15.79 18.19 (15.68) 18.04 14.78 19.27 10.69 16.28 18.58 19.42 17.53 20.56 6.0 5.6 9.0 7.8 12.5 69.8 80.6 84.5 70.5 96.1 ^78. 8) 95.6 87.7 101.3- 56.9 7.5.8 86.2 93.5 78.3 108.6 + 5.19 + 2.95 + 1.35 + 4.85 - 1.64 5 6 7 8 9 10 19.18 16.16 20.78 12.90 6.1 8.2 7.9 11.8 101.7 95.9 102.2 68.7 - .32 + .70 - 1.76 + 5.89 11 12 13 Total 1 178. 61 (198.51) ■17. 86 (19.85) 14.730 161.39 8.2 "(si.'s) 90.3 +17. 22 (162.33) Average \ 1.473 16.14 + 1.91 (16.23) 1 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 261 Table XLX .^Xitrogen balances for Scrie>t /^Continued. No. :^. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 1 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 [n feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. Crrams. [15. 307] 16. 666 16.765 18.963 19. 147 18.237 Grams. [1.399] 1.566 C) 2.169 1.524 1. 422 Grams. Grams. Perct. [9.1] 9.4 "'ii.'-i' 7.9 Per ct. Per ct. * Grams. Grams. 17 14.57 14.49 14.98 1 30.95 16.14 14.49 17.15 33.90 87.4 86.4 79.0 82.8 96.8 86.4 90.4 90.7 + 0.53 + 2.28 + 1.81 + 3.48 18 19 20 21 rw , f 89. 778 [105.085] 17. 95(i [17. 514] 74.99 81.68 ■■"■[7.' 7] 83.5 91.0 + 8.10 Total [8.080] Average < 15.00 16.34 + 1.62 [1.347] Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 24 25 26 20.049 16.77 17.51 15.95 18.93 2.305 1.635 1.553 1.717 1.777 12.58 16.17 16.38 14.28 14.84 14.88 17.80 17. 93 16.00 16. 62 11.5 9.7 8.9 10.8 9.4 62.7 . 96.4 93.5 89.5 78.4 74.2 106.1 102.4 100.3 87.8 + 5.169 - 1.03 - .42 - .05 + 2.31 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 89.21 17.84 8.987 1.797 74.25 14.85 83.23 16.65 10.1 83.2 93.3 + 5.98 + 1.20 5.0 Second subperiod: 190^^ Dec. 27 18.55 18.34 19.74 18.55 1.886 2.767 1.743 1.374 15.82 13.20 15. 56 15.01 17.71 15.97 17.30 16.38 10.2 15.1 8.8 7.4 85.3 72.0 78.8 80.9 95.5 87.1 87.6 88.3 + 0.84 + 2.37 + 2.44 + 2.17 2.0 28 29 30 2,0 2.0 2.0 Total 75. 18 18.80 7.770 1.942 59.59 14.90 67.36 16.84 10.3 79.3 89.6 + 7.82 + 1.96 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 19.27 19.92 19. C7 18.48 2.140 2.025 1.134 1.886 15.28 11.62 16.35 12.22 17.42 13.65 17.48 14.11 11.1 10.2 5.8 10.2 79.3 58. 3 83.1 66.2 90.4 68.5 88.9 70.4 + 1.85 + 6.27 + 2.19 + 4.37 3.0 1903 — Jan. 1 3.0 9 3.0 3 3.0 Total 77.34 19.34 7. 185 1.796 55.47 13.87 62.66 15.66 9.3 71.7 81.0 + 14.68 + 3.68 12.0 Entire preservative period: Total .\verage 241.73 18.59 23.942 1.842 189. 31 14.56 213.25 16.40 9.9 78.3 88.2 +28. 48 + 2.19 25.0 1 After period . 190:$— .Ian.4 5 15.43 18.76 17. 62 19. 30 16. 56 18. 45 j 19.44 ! 17.82 1 19.50 18.55 0.836 1.438 1.674 .904 1.738 1..556 1.846 2.963 1.431 1.437 11.66 13.78 15.77 14.48 14.09 14.80 15.84 14. 25 13.70 18. 72 12.60 15. 22 17.44 15.44 15.83 10.36 17.69 17.21 15.13 20.16 5.4 7.6 9.5 5.0 10.5 8.4 9.5 10.6 7.3 7.7 75.0 73.5 89.5 74.8 8.5.1 80.3 81.5 80.0 70.3 100.9 81.0 81.1 99.0 79.8 95.6 88.7 91.0 96.6 77.6 108.6 + 2.93 + 3.54 + ■ .18 + 3.92 + .73 .+ 2.09 + 1.75 + .61 + 4.37 - 1.61 C. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total Average 1 181.49 1 18. 15 15.883 1.588 147.09 14.71 l(i2. 98 16.30 8.8 81.0 89.8 +18.51 + 1.85 . 1 a Ko movement. 262 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLV. — Nitrogen balances for Series /^Continued. ISTo. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. Gh-ams. 1.599 2.667 1.263 .789 1.913 .556 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3^1). 7 - In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1902 Dec 16 Grams. 18. 176 17.557 19. 660 19. 731 22. 741 17. 636 Gravis. 14.75 9.27 11.74 16.57 \ 27.06 Grams. 16.35 11.94 13.00 17.36 29. 53 Per ct. 8.8 15.2 6.4 4.0 6.1 Perct. 81.2 52.8 59.7 84.0 67.0 Per ct. 90.0 68.0 66.1 88.0 73.0 Grams. + 1.83 + 5.62 + 6.66 + 2.37 +10. 85 Grams. 17 18 19 20 21 Total 115. 501 19. 250 8.787 1.464 79.39 13.23 88.18 14.70 7.6 68.7 76.3 +27.33 + 4.55 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 19.68 16.64 15.81 15. 59 [15. 98] 2.617 1.547 1.256 .719 [1.541] 15.05 9.68 14.28 17.08 Lost. 17.67 11.23 15.54 17.80 13.3 9.3 7.9 4.6 [9.6] 76.5 58.2 90.3 109.6 89.8 67.5 98.3 114.2 + 2.01 + 5.41 + .27 - 2.21 1.0 23 1.0 24 1.0 25 1.0 1.0 Total 1 Average -j 67. 72 [83. 70] 16.93 [16.74] 56.09 62.24 """■[9." 2] 82.8 91.9 + 5.48 \ 6.0 [7. 680] 14.02 15.56 + 1.37 [15. 360] Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 18.56 16.24 19.35 16.76 1.867 1.881 1.653 .595 13.88 13.52 12. 78 11.93 15.75 15.40 14.43 12. 52 10.1 11.6 8.5 3.6 74.8 83.3 66.0 71.2 84.9 94.8 74.6 74.7 + 2.81 + .84 + 4.92 + 4.24 2.0 28 2.0 29 2.0 30 2.0 Total 70.91 17.73 5.996 1.499 52.11 13.03 58.10 14. 52 8.5 73.5 81.9 +12 81 + 3.21 8.0 Tliird subperiod; 1902— Dec. 31 1903— Jan. 1 2 3 19.47 12. 85 12.63 16.54 2.733 1.425 .872 1.305 11.09 15.08 11.40 12.01 13.82 16.50 12.27 13.32 14.0 11.1 6.9 7.9 57.0 117.4 90.3 72.6 71.0 128.4 97.1 80.5 + 5.65 - 3.66 + .36 + 3.22 3.0 ■7.0 2.0 2.5 Total 61.49 15.37 6.335 1.584 49.58 12.40 65.91 13.98 10.3 80.6 90.9 + 5.68 + 1.39 14.5 Entire preservative period: Total -j Average I 200. 12 [216. 10] 15.39 [16. 62] 157. 78 176. 25 ■■■■[g.'s] 78.8 88.1 +23. 87 27.6 [20. Oil] 12.14 13.56 + 1.83 [1. 539] After period. 1903— Jan. 4 15. 14 18.51 17.95 19.49 16.99 17.33 18.16 14.43 19.13 17.62 1.775 .594 .806 2.271 1.343 1.049 2. 225 1.053 1.720 .437 11.66 12.88 13.49 14.14 12.48 13.68 13.89 11.32 13.11 14.62 13.44 13.47 14.30 16.41 13.82 14.73 16.12 12.37 14.83 15.06 11.7 3.2 4.5 11.7 7.9 6.1 12.3 7.3 9.0 2.5 77.0 69.6 75.2 72.6 73.5 78.9 76.5 78.4 68.5 83.0 88.8 72.8 79.7 84.2 81.3 85.0 88.8 86.7 77.6 85.5 + 1.70 + 5.04 + 3.65 + 3.08 + 3.17 + 2.60 + 2.04 + 2.06 + 4.30 + 2.56 5 6 7 8 9 10 . 11 12. 13 Total 174. 75 17.48 13.273 1.327 131.27 13.13 144. 55 14.46 7.6 75.1 82.7 +30. 20 + 3.02 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 263 Table XLV. — Xitrogen balances for Series J— Continued. ISTo. -A. Pt-riod and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 j 4 In feces In and urine. . urine. (2+3) 6 In feces. (2-1) 6 7 8 1 In feces nriiip *"*1 Balance. y™f- urine. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. J-ore period. 1902— Dec. 16 ' 17 18 19 20 21 Gramg. 17. 139 (17.176) 19.439 17.970 17. 303 12. 614 Grams. 0.942 Lost: 1.353 1.453 1.280 2.045 Grams. 13.62 (13.22) 13.14 14.06 \ 25.49 Grams. 14.56 Per ct. 5.5 Per ct. 79.5 (77.0) 67.6 78.2 8.5.2 Per ct. 85.0 Grams. + 2.58 Grams. 14.49- 15.51 28.82 7.0 8.1 11.1 74.5 86.3 96.3 + 4.95 + 2.46 + 1.10 84.465 (101.641) 16.893 (16.940) 7.073 73.38 8.4 ■■(78.'2J 86.9 + 11 08 Total (79.53) 1.415 14.68 + 2.21 Average (13.26) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 18. 237 15.38 16.29 15.69 18.64 0.996 1.652 1.021 1.369 2. 156 16.72 15.26 14. 53 16. 24 15. 12 17.72 16.91 15.55 17.61 17. 28 5.5 10.7 6.3 8.7 11.6 91.7 99.2 89.2 103.5 81.1 97.2 109.9 95.5 112.2 92.7 + 0.52 - 1.53 + .74 - 1.92 + 1.36 1.0 1.0 24 1.0 1.0 26 1.0 Total 84.237 16.847 7.194 1.439 77.87 15.57 85.07 17.01 8.5 92.4 101.0 - .833 - .163 .5.0 Second subperiod: 1902 — Dec. 27 19.01 17.31 19.45 18.73 1.476 1.763 1.560 1.481 14. 54 14.47 15. 36 14.04 16.02 16.23 16.92 15.52 7.8 10.2 8.0 7.9 76.5 83.6 79.0 75.0 84.3 93.8 87.0 82.9 + 2.99 + 1.08 + 2.53 + 3.21 2.0 28 29 30 2.0 _ 2.0 2.0 Total Average 74.50 18.62 6.280 1.570 .58.41 14.60 64.69 16.17 8.4 78.4 86.8 + 9.81 + 2.45 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902-Dec. 31 1903-Jan. 1 2 3 30.03 10.31 17.23 14.09 1.710 .932 1.234 .902 15.78 12. 18 15.52 12.00 17.49 13.11 16. 75 12.90 5.7 9.0 7.2 6.4 52.6 118.1 90.1 85.2 58.3 127.2 97.2 91.6 +12.51 - 2.80 + .48 + 1.19 3.0 1.0 3.0 2.5 Total Average 71.63 17.91 4.778 1.194 55.48 13.87 60.25 15. 06 6.7 77.5 84.1 + 11.38 + 2.85 9.5 Entire preservative period: Total Average 230. 367 17. 721 18. 252 1.404 191.76 14.75 210.01 16.15 i 1 7.9 83.2 91.2 +20. 36 + 1.57 22.5 . After perio'l. 1903— Jan. 4 5 6 11.29 15. 10 13. 90 15. 42 11.32 13.49 13. 65 14.61 16.21 15.99 1. 326 1.016 1.330 1.244 1.411 2. 092 .9.54 1.29H 2. 249 2.332 10.21 12.28 12. 34 12.21 11.54 11.59 11.83 11.86 13.70 11.63 11.54 13. 30 13.67 13.45 12.95 13.68 12.78 13.16 15. 95 13. 96 11.7 6.7 9.6 8.1 . 9.9 15. 5 7.0 8.9 13.9 14.6 90.4 81.0 88.8 79.2 80.6 85.9 87.3 81.2 84.5 72.7 i 102.2 87.7 98.3 87.2 90.4 101.4 94.3 90.1 98.4 87.3 - 0.25 + 1.86 + .23 + 1.97 + 1.37 - .19 + .77 + 1.45 + .26 + 2.03 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 143.94 14.39 15. 252 1.52 119.19 11.92 134.44 13.14 10.6 82.8 93.4 1+ 9.50 + .95 a 264 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLV. — Nitrogen balances for Series J— Continued. N'o. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 in urine. (3-1) T In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1902— Dec 16 Ch'ams. 15. 443 14. 391 17. 831 17. 167 17. 421 19. 491 Grains. 0.948 1.496 1.643 2.038 2.435 2.573 Orams. 12.642 11.64 12.80 13.06 1 28. 10 Grams. 13.59 13.14 14.44 15.10 32. 11 Per ct. 6.1 10.4 9.2 11.9 10.9 Per ct. 81.9 80.9 71.8 76.1 76.1 Per ct. 88.0 91.3 81.0 88.0 87.0 Grams. + 1.85 + 1.25 + 3.39 + 2.07 + 4.80 Gravis. 17 18 19 20. 21 Total 101. 744 16. 957 10. 133 1.689 78. 242 13. 040 88.38 14. 73 10.0 76.9 86.9 +13.36 + 2.22 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 (15. 79) 17.71 (16.59) 16.90 18.49 Broken. 1.953 Lost. 2.074 1.325 (13.20) 13.95 (13.35) 13.42 13.31 (83.6) 78.8 (80.5) 79.4 72.0 1.0 23 15.90 ii.6 89.8 + 1.81 1.0 24 1.0 25 is. 49 14.64 12.3 7.2 91.. 7 79.2 + i.4i + 3.85 1.0 26 1.0 Total.. 1 f 53. 10 (85.48) 17.70 (17.10) 5.352 46.03 10.1 ■■(78.'6) 86.7 + 7.07 1 5.0 (67.23) 1.784 15.34 + 2.36 Average ■ (13.45) Second subperiod: ■ 1902— Dec. 27 18.13 18.96 19.28 20.48 1.989 2.358 1.753 2.001 13.36 12.77 16.24 12.88 15.35 15.13 17.99 14.88 11.0 12.4 9.1 9.8 73.7 67.4 84.2 62.9 84.7 79.8 93.3 72.7 + 2.78 + 3.83 + 1.29 + 5.60 2.0 28 29 2.0 2.0 30.. 2.0 Total 76.85 19.21 8.101 2.025 55.25 13.81 63.35 15.84 10.5 71.9 82.4 +13.50 + 3.37 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 18.33 22.59 16.88 16.52 2.962 2.264 2.009 1.804 17.96 12.96 13.66 13.79 20.92 15. 22* 15.67 15.59 16.2 10.0 11.9 10.9 98.0 57.4 80.9 83.5 114.1 67.4 92.8 94.4 - 2.59 + 7.37 + 1.21 + .93 3.0 3.0 2 . 3.0 3 3.0 Total 74.32 18.58 9.039 2.260 58.37 14.59 67.40 16.85 12.2 78.5 90.7 + 6.92 + 1.73 12.0 Average Entire preservative period: Total 1 Average | 204. 27 (236. 65) 18.57 (18.20) 22. 492 176. 49 11.0 ■■(76.'4) 86.4 +27. 49 }• 25.0 (180.85) 2.04 16.04 + 2.53 '(13.91) After period. 1903— Jan. 4 19.04 18.16 19.34 19.88 17. 05 17.69 [17.52] 16.80 16.38 16.58 1. 421 3.062 3.248 1.472 2.302 1.316 [1. 647] 1.903 1.422 1.252 13.46 19.26 13.45 13.11 13.52 13.73 (°) 13.54 12. 53 15.55 14.88 22.32 16.70 14.58 15. 82 15.05 ""i5.'44" 13.95 16.80 7.5 16.9 16.8 7.4 13.5 7.4 [9.4] 11.3 8.7 7.6 70.7 106.1 69.5 65.9 79.3 77.6 78.2 122. 9 86.3 73.3 92.8 85.1 + 4.16 - 4.16 + 2.64 + 5.80 + 1.23 + 2.64 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 80.6 76.5 93.8 91.9 85.2 101.3 + 1.36 + 2.43 - .22 12 13 Total 1 160.92 [178.44] 17.88 [17.84] 128. 16 145. 54 ■"■[io:6i 79.6 90.4 +15. 38 [19.045] Average | 14.24 16.17 + 1.71 [1. 904] 1 a Not complete. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 265 Table XLV .—Nitrogen balances for Series 7— Contiuued. No. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 4 jjj In feces (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 7 8 f In feces „ri^« and Balance. y"ne- urine. (1-4) (3-1) (4^1) 9 Boric acid admin- stered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 i 17 18 19 20 21 Grams. 12. 442 14. .521 14.349 14. 167 10.217 14. 633 Grams. 2.933 (") 1.209 2.101 2.116 2.030 Grams. 12. 2400 12. 3200 11.9350 12. 5400 [21. 9240 Grams. 15. 173 12. 320 13. 144 14. 641 26.070 Per ct. 23.6 "'s.l' 14.8 16.7 Per ct. 98.3 84.8 83. 2 88.5 88.2 Per ct. 121.9 84.8 91.6 103.3 104.9 Grams. - 2.731 + 2.201 + 1.201 - .474 - 1.220 Grams. Total 80.329 ' 10.389 70. 9590 11. 8265 81. 348 13. 558 12.9 83.3 101.2 - 1.019 - .170 i. (D^ Preservative period. First subperiod: 14.73 12.61 9.90 13.71 3.018 (") 1.572 1.978 Lost. 12. 70 12. 48 11.36 12.16 Lost. 15. 72 12. 48 12. 93 14.14 20.5 '"15.9 14.4 86.2 99.0 114.7 88.7 106.7 99.0 130.6 -0.99 + .13 - 3.03 1.0 23......... 24 1.0 1.0 ■>a 103.1 - .43 1.0 26 1.0 Total .50. 95 12. 74 6.568 1.642 48.70 55.27 12. 9 95. 6 108.5 - 4.32 - 1.08 . 5.0 Average Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 29 30 15.46 (") 13.93 2.299 16.53 2.678 13.87 1.271 9.46 15.80 12. 48 12.17 9.46 18.10 1.5. 16 13.44 '"ih'.b 16.2 9.2 61.2 113.4 75.5 87.7 61.2 129.9 91.7 96.9 + 6.00 - 4.17 + 1.37 + .43 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total 59.79 6.2J8 14.95 1.562 49.91 12. 48 56.16 14.04 10.4 83.5 93.9 + 3.63 + .91 H.O Third subperiod: 1902— iK-e 31 jyog.— .Ian 1 9. 84 2. 064 10.74 1 2.5.51 9.85 ! 1.913 8.10 I 1.544 12. 42 10.99 10. 92 1 6.73 14.48 13.54 12. 83 8.27 21.0 23.8 19.4 19.1 126.2 102.3 110.9 83.0 147. 2 126. 1 130.3 102.1 - 4.64 -r 2.80 - 2.98 - .17 3.0 3.0 2 3 3.0 T.»Uil 38. 53 «. 072 9.63 2.018 41.06 10.26 49.12 12.28 160. 55 20.9 106.6 127.5 -10.59 - 2.65 12.0 .\verage JCiilire preservative period: Total 1-19.27 , 20.876 139.67 13. 9 93.6 107.6 -11.28 25.0 12.44 ' 1.740 11.64 I 13.38 AJUr period. 1903 — jiin. 4 1:}.X0 \ 1.012 1 16.52 1.5.34 1.866 11.48 12.45 2.047 12.01 16. K9 1.863 14.51 12. -16 3.247 10.20 16.34 (") 12.65 16.22 2.281 10.60 13.73 1.240 13.44 11.28 i 1.304 9.08 15.44 1.534 9.80 18.16 13.35 14.05 16.40 13.45 12. 65 12.88 14.69 10.38 11.33 1 11.9 12. 2 16.4 11.0 26.1 ""i4.'i 9.1 9.1 9.9 119.7 74.8 96.5 86.1 81.8 77.4 65.3 97.9 63.5 63.5 131.6 87.0 112. 9 97.1 107.9 77.4 79.4 107.0 72.6 73.4 - 4.36 + 1.99 - 1.60 + .49 - .99 + 3.69 + 3.34 - .96 + 3.90 + 4.11 r, 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 146.95 1 17.030 120.32 137.34 13.73 11.6 81.9 93.5 + 9.61 + .97 Average 1 '■•"" ' « No iiiovi'liiclit. 266 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLVI. — Summary of nitrogen balances for Series I. Six ixien. Period. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2-h3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.l { No.2 ■{ Orams. 94. 948 [113. 226] 89. 778 [105. 085] 115. 501 Grams. Grams. 76.880 Grams. 83.74 Per ct. "[i'.i] "u'n 7.6 8.4 Per ct. 81.0 Per ct. 88.2 Grams. + 11.20 Grams. [8. 735] 74.99 81.68 83.5 91.0 + 8.10 [8. 080] 8.787 7.073 No. 3 79.39 88.18 73.38 68.7 ■(78:2) 76.9 88.3 76.3 86.9 + 27.33 -t- 11.08 No.4 1 84. 465 (101.641) 101. 744 80. 829 (79.53) 78. 242 70. 959 No. 5 10. 133 10. 389 88. 38 81. 348 10.0 12.9 ■ 86.9 101.2 -h 13.36 - 1.019 No. 6 j 566. 765 (583.941) [600. 350] 17.17 (17.17) [17.15] 496. 708 87.6 -1- 70.057 Total I (459.991) (78.8) [53. 197] _ [8.9] < . 15.05 -1- 2.12 Average ._ i (13. 53) [1. 520] Preservative period. First subperiod: No.l No.2..'. No.3 1 No.4 92. 413 89.21 67.72 [83. 70] 84. 237 53.10 (85. 48) 50.95 6.360 8.987 77.87 74.25 56.09 84.23 83.23 62.24 6.8 10.1 "is.' 2] 8.5 10.1 84.3 83.2 82.8 91.1 93.3 91.9 + 8.18 + 5.98 + 5.48 5.0 5.0 1 5.0 5.0 [7. 680] 7.194 5. 352 77.87 85.07 46.03 92.4 ■(78:6) 95.6 101.0 86.7 - .833 + 7.07 No.5 1 1 r „ (67.23) 48.70 y 5.0 5.0 No. 6 6.568 55.27 12.9 108.5 - 4.32 437. 630 (470.010) [453. 610] 16.83 416.07 95.1 4- 21.66 Total \ (402.01) (85 5) > 30 [42. 141] [9.3] 16.00 -t- .83 Average 1 (16.79) n6.801 (14.36) [1. 561] ■- -* No.l 1 59.53 (80.24) 75.18 70.91 74.50 76. 85 59.79 5.123 55.58 •8.6 ■■(84:5) 79.3 73.5 78.4 71.9 83.5 93.4 -1- 3.95 1 8.0 (67.82) 59.59 52.11 58.41 55.25 49.91 No.2 No.3 7.770 5.996 6.280 8.101 6.248 67.36 58.10 64.69 63. 35 56.16 10.3 8.5 8.4 10.5 10.4 89.6 81.9 86.8 82.4 93.9 + 7.82 + 12.81 + 9.81 ■j- 13.50 + 3.63 8.0 8.0 No.4 8.0 No.5.. . 8 No. 6 8.0 Total ...| 416. 76 (437.47) 18. 12 (18.23) 39. 518 365. 24 9.5 "(78:4) 87. 6 + 51.52 1 (343.09) Average i 1.718 15. 88 -1- 2.24 (14.30) Third subperiod: No.l 68.77 77.34 61.49 71.63 74.32 38.53 4.215 7.185 6. 335 4.778 9.039 8.072 63.71 55.47 49.58 55.48 58.37 41.06 67.92 62. 66 55. 91 60. 25 67.40 49. 12 6.1 9.3 10.3 6.7 12.2 20.9 92.6 71.7 80.6 77.5 78.5 106.6 98.7 81.0 90.9 84.1 90.7 127.5 H- 0.85 •f 14.68 H- 5.58 -t- 11.38 + 6.92 - 10.59 12 No.2 12 No.3 14.5 No.4 9.5 No.5 12.0 No. 6.. 1'' Total Average 392. 08 16.34 39. 624 1.651 323. 67 13.49 363. 26 15.14 10.1 82.5 92.6 -t- 28.82 -1- 1.20 72.0 BORIC ACID AKD BORAX. 267 Tablk XLVI.— ,S'((»iHiar(/ of nitrogen balances for Series I — Continued. Six men— Continued. Period. 1 In food. 3 I 3 In feces. : In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Preservative period — Continued. Entire preservative period: / Grams. ■>'>n.7is Grams. 15 608 Grams. Grams. 207.65 Per ct. 7.1 Per ct. ■(86."7) 78.3 78.8 Per ct. 94.1 Grams. + 13.06 Grams. \ 25.0 25.0 } 27.5 22.6 } 25.0 25.0 ^'^■^ \ (241.423) No. 2 1 241.73 ^, ,, ( 200.12 (209.40) 189. 31 157. 78 23. 942 213. 25 176. 25 9.9 "'if 11.0 88.2 88.1 + 28.48 + 23.87 ^^■■^ 1 [216.10] No. 4 230.367 ^- - 1 204.27 '[•io.oii] 18. 252 22.492 191. 76 210. 01 176.79 83.2 ■(76:4) 93.6 91.2 86.4 + 20.36 + 27.48 ^'^■^ 1 ^2.36. a=>) (180.85) 139.67 Xo. 6... 149. 27 20. 876 160.55 13.9 107.6 - 11.28 ( 1,246.470 (1,299.560) [1, 262. 450] 17.08 (17.10) [17.06] 1 1,144.50 91.8 -t-101.97 ) Total ... ] "[i'ii.'isi] (1,068.77) (82.2) \ 150.0 j [9.6] 15.68 + 1.40 Average i (14.06) ■[1.64]" ■After period. 1 1 178.61 14. 730 161.39 8.2 90. 3 + 17.22 ^"■1 i nQH.'in (162.33) 147.09 131.27 119. 19 128.15 (81.8) 81.0 75.1 82.8 79.6 Xo. J 181.49 174.75 143. 94 160.92 15. 883 13.273 15.252 162.98 144. 55 134. 44 145.54 8.8 7.6 10.6 "■[io.'ei 11.6 89.8 • 82. 7 93.4 90.4 + 18.51 + 30.20 + 9.50 + 15.38 No.;5 No. 4 ^"■'^ ( ri7S.441 [19.045] 17.030 No. 6 1 146. 95 120. 32 137. 34 81.9 93.5 4- 9.61 Q86 66 886. 24 89.8 100. 42 Total ' fl 006 56) (808.35) (80.3) 1 [1,004.18] 1 17.01 AveruK*- { (17.06) [95.213] [9.5] 15.28 + 1.73 (13.70) ri7 091 [1.61] 268 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES OK HEALTH. Table XLVII.- -Nitrogen balances for Series II. ISTo. V. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In . urine^. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Orams. (19. 43) 18.13) 15.24 16.12 18.46 16.02 17.46 17.82 16.63 Orams. \'] 2.41 1.77 2.13 1.27 2.89 1.76 2.08 Orams. (16. 82) (12. 92) 15.32 12.96 17.39 15.28 15.86 12.30 13.62 Orams. Per ct. Per ct. (86. 6) (71.3) 100.5 80.4 . 94.2 95.4 90.8 69.0 81.3 Per ct. Orams. Orams. ■ 20 21 17.73 14.73 19.52 16.66 18.76 14.06 15.60 is. 8 11.0 11.6 7.9 16.6 9.9 12.6 116.3 91.4 105.7 103.3 107.4 78.9 93.8 - 2.49 + 1.39 - 1.06 - .53 - 1.29 + 3.76 + 1.03 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 1 Average ■! 117. 75 (165.31) 16. 82 (17.26) 14.31 116. 94 12.2 ■■(85;2) 99.3 + .81 (132. 37) 2.04 16.71 + .11 (14.71) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_jan.28. 19.62 16.31 14.99 16.10 4.36 1.08 2.21 4.69 14.68 10.61 12.32 14. 72 18.94 11.69 14.53 19.41 22.2 6.6 14.7 29.1 74.3 65.1 82.2 91.4 96.5 71.7 96.9 120.6 + 0.68 + 4.62 + .46 - .3.31 1.0 29 1.0 30 31 1.0 1.0 Total 67.02 16.76 12.34 3.08 62.23 13.06 64.67 16.14 18.4 77.9 96.3 + 2.46 + .62 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 19.26 16.77 17.15 17.49 3.70 1.78 1.75 12.06 13.89 11.56 13.06 12.06 17.59 13.34 14.81 '"'22."i" 10.4 10.0 62.6 82.8 67.4 74.7 62.6 104.9 77.8 84.7 + 7.20 - .82 + 3.81 + 2.68 2.0 2 3 4 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total -■.... Average 70.67 17.67 7.23 1.81 50.57 12.64 57.80 14.45 10.2 71.6 81.8 + 12.87 + 3.22 8.0 Third subperiod; 1903_Feb.5.. 16.88 16.19 17.80 17.67 2.07 2.10 2.59 2.03 11.99 13.19 15.73 13.46 14.06 15.29 18.32 15.49 12.3 13.0 14.6 11.5 71.0 81.5 88.4 76.2 83.3 94.4 102.9 87.7 + 2.82 + .90 - .S2 + 2.18 3.0 6 7 8 3.0 3.0 3.0 Total 68.54 17.14 8.79 2.20 54.37 13.59 63.16 15.79 12.8 79.3 92.2 + 6.38 + 1.35 12.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3; Total .... 206. 23 17.19 28.36 2.36 157. 17 13.10 186.53 15.46 13.8 76.2 90.0 +20. 70 + 1.73 24.0 Fourth subperiod: <• 1903— Feb. 9. 14.83 16.22 1.35 1.89 11.04 14. 62 12.39 16,51 9.1 11.7 74.4 90.1 83.5 101.8 + 2.44 - .29 4.0 10 4.0 nNot collected. 6No movement, c Excluded from average; data not obtained lor all members. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 269 Table XLVII. — Nitrogen balances for Series II — Continued. No. 8. Period and date. 1 In food. S In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. .(2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (21.71) (19.65) 21.51 20.40 18.74 17. 92 17.77 20.25 18.83 Grams. («) (°) 2.01 1.29 C*) 2.02 2.84 1.83 C) Grams. (18.54) (14.41) 17.82 13.14 14.39 15.51 13.45 14.64 14.42 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (86.4) (73.3) 82.9 64.4 76.8 86.5 75.7 72.3 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 19.83 14.43 14.39 17.53 16.29 16.47 14.42 9.3 6.3 "ii.'s 16.0 9.0 .92.2 70.7 76.8 97.8 91.7 81.3 76.6 + 1.68 + 5.97 + 4.35 .+ .39 + 1.48 + 3.78 + 4.41 22 23 24 25 26 27 j 135. 42 (176.78) 19. 35 (19.64) 9.99 113.36 7.4 "■(77."i) 83.7 +22.06 Total • (136.32) Average < 1.43 16.19 + 3.16 (15.15) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_jan. 2H . 19.94 17.48 17.46 19.28 2.03 3.09 (») 1.96 14.11 13.05 12.19 16.96 16.14 16.14 12.19 18.92 10.2 17.7 "'i6.'2' 70.8 74.6 69.8 87.9 81.0 92.3 69.8 98.1 + 3.80 + 1.34 + 5.27 + .36 1 29 1 30 1 31 1 Total 74.16 18.54 7.08 1.77 56.31 14.08 63.39 15.85 9.6 75.9 85.5 +10.77 + 2.69 4 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 18.% 17.48 (3. 06) 2.36 1.78 («) 14.26 13.15 (7.13) Lost. 16.62 14.93 12.5 10.2 75.2 7.5.2 (233.0) 87.7 85.4 + 2.34 + 2.55 2 2 2 3 0.0 4 ' ToUil 1 36.44 (39.50) 18.22 (13.17) 4.14 31.. 55 11.4 ■■(87;4) 86.6 + 4.89 4 (34.54) Average | 2.07 15. 77 + 2.45 (11.51) Third subperiod: 190:j_Feb.o ( 15. 06) (17.74) (17.79) (18.90) («) («) k (13.67) (14.72) (14.60 (12.62) (87.9) (83.0) (82.1 (66.7) 6 0.0 j 8 0.0 Total (69.99) (17. .50) (.5.5.61) (13.90) (79.5) 0.0 Average ■ 1 i^iibperiods 1, 2, and 3. Total 1 110.60 (183. 65) 18.43 (36.73) 11.22 94.94 10.1 ■■(79.'7) 85.8 +15.66 1 8.0 (146.46) Average | 1.87 15.82 + 2 61 (29.29) a Discarded. b No movement. 270 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XL VII. — Nitrogen balances for Series //^Continued. ISTo. 9. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Jan 19 Grams. ,(20.41) (19.20) 19.97 19.94 16.09 19.38 19.35 20.33 (19. 24) Grams, (a) \a) 1.42 .44 1.67 C) 2.30 2.08 (a) Grams. (17.71) (14.50) 17.02 15.63 14.90 16.74 15.75 12.69 (14. 64) Gi-ams. Per ct. Per ct. (86.8) (76.5) 86.2 78.4 92.6 86.4 81.4 62.5 (76.1) Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20. 21 18.44 16.07 16.57 16.74 18.05 7.1 2.2 10.4 "'ii."9' 10.2 92.3 80.6 103.0 86.4 93.3 72.7 + 1.63 + 3.87 - .48 + 2.64 + 1.30 + 5.56 22 23. 24 25. 26 27 Total 1 Average | 115. 06 (173.91) 19.18 (19. 32) 7.91 100. 64 6.9 "(80.' 3) 87.5 + 14.42 (139.58) 1.32 16.78 + 2.40 (15.51) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 6.31 15.84 15.58 2.00 1.62 1.67 Lost. 14.88 11.96 14.54 Not run. 16.88 16.58 16.21 31.7 10.2 .10.7 235.8 94.5 93.3 267.5 104.7 104.0 -10.67 - .74 - .63 1.0 29 1.0 30 1.0 31 1.0 Total 37.73 12.58 5.29 1.76 44.38 14.79 49.67 16.56 14.0 117.6 131.6 -11.94 - 3.98 4 Average Third subperiod: c 1903— Feb. 6 (16.44) (14.61) (16.60) (18.17) (a) (a) a) («) (13.63) (12.07) (8.89) (12.30) (83.1) (82.6) (53.9) (67.7) 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 8 0.0 Total (65. 72) (16.43) (46.89) (11.72) (71.3) 0.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 3: Total 1 37.73 (103. 45) 12.58 (14.78) 5.29 49.67 14.0 "'(88.'2) 131.6 -11. 94 \ 4.0 (91.27) Average | 1.76 16.56 - 3.98 (13.04) a Discarded. &No movement. "Data for second subperiod discarded. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 271 Table XLVII. — Xitrocfen balances for Series II — Continued. lS"o. lO. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (18.48) (20. 33) 21.64 19.90 20.45 19.94 21.17 21. 47 17.31 Grams. («) ") 1.10 1..54 1.88 1.78 2.13 2.92 1.62 Grams. (18.45) (14.92) 15. 46 16. 38 12.69 17. 29 12. 41 13.73 15.20 Grams. Per a. Perd. (99.8) (73.4) 71.8 82.3 62.1 86.7 58.6 64.0 87.8 Peret. Grams. Grams. 20 21 22... 23 24 25 26 27 16.56 17. 92 14.57 19.07 14. .54 16.65 16.82 5.1 7.7 9.2 8.9 10.1 13.6 9.4 76.9 90.0 71.2 95.6 68.7 77.6 97.2 + 4.98 + 1.98 + 5.88 + .87 + 6.63 + 4.82 + .48 1 141.78 (180. 59) 20. 25 (20.07) 12.97 ""i.'8.5' 116.13 9.1 ■■(75.'6) 82.0 +25.65 Total I Average I (136.53) "(ib'.il) 16. .59 + 3.66 1 1 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 29 21.58 (19.60) 18.78 (19.56) 1.68 («) 1.45 («) 16.05 (13. 92) 13.87 (19.30) 17.73 7.8 74.4 (71.0) 73.9 (98.7) 82.2 + 3.85 1.0 1.0 30 31 15.32 7.7 81.6 + 3.46 1.0 1.0 Total { Average 1 40.36 (79. .52) 20.18 (19.88) 3.13 33.05 7.8 "(79.'4) 81.9 + 7.31 } .0 (63.14) 1..56 16.52 + 3.66 (i5.78) i Second subperiod: 1903— Feb.l 22.61 19.91 18.77 20. 45 3.58 1 22 I'.ll 2.65 15.20 15. 05 18.91 15.68 18.78 16.27 21.02 18.33 15.8 6.1 11.2 13.0 67.2 75.6 100.8 76.7 83.1 81.7 112.0 89.6 + 3.83 2.0 + 3.64 2.0 3 4 - 2.25 ' 2.0 + 2.12 ! 2.0 Total Average 81.74 20.44 9. .56 2.39 64.84 16.21 74.40 18.60 11.7 79.3 91.0 + 7.34 + 1.84 8.0 Third subperiod: 1903_Feb 5 20.36 19.49 20.12 21.50 2.98 3.12 17.82 15. 56 16.70 1.3.88 20.80 14.7 87.5 79.8 83.0 102.2 ■■■gs.'s' 73.9 - 0.44 + 3.93 + .30 + 5.62 3.0 6. 3.0 7 8 19.82 15.88 15.5 3.0 3.0 Total Average 81.47 20.37 6.10 1.52 65. 96 16.49 72.06 18.02 7.5 81.0 88.5 + 9.41 + 2.35 12.0 Subperiods 1,2, and 3: Total I Average | 203.57 (242.73) 20.36 (20.23) 18.79 179. 51 9.2 ■■(79:9) 88.2 +24.06 1 „. « (193.94) / •^^•" 1.88 17.95 + 2.41 (ie.ie) j * Fourth subperifKl:'- . 1903— Feb. 9 20. .50 (20.70) 2.70 i") 16.51 (15.65) 19.21 13.2 80.5 (75.6) 93.7 + 1.29 4.0 10 4.0 n Discarded. bNo movement. oExcluded from average; data not obtained for all members. 272 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLVII. — Nitrogen balances for Series J/— Continued. ISTo. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Jan 19 Grams. (19.84) (17. 83) 20.26 19.36 19.46 18.01 20.49 19.28 19.87 Grams. (a) (°) 1.42 2.44 3.05 3.05 1.01 1.54 2.14 Grams. (15. 34) (13.46 13.83 15.23 14.61 11.21 16.54 14.77 15.93 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (77.3) (75.3) 68.3 78.7 75.1 62.3 80.7 76.6 80.1 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 15.25 17.67 17.66 14.26 17.55 16.31 18.07 7.0 12.6 15.7 16.9 6.0 8.0 10.8 75.3 91.3 90.8 79.2 85.7 84.6 90.9 + 5.01 + 1.69 + 1.80 + 3.75 + 2.94 + 2.97 + 1.80 22 23 24 25 26 27 r„ . 1 f 136. 73 (174.40) 19.53 (19. 38) 14.65 116. 77 10.7 "(75." 5) 85.4 +19.96 Total ^ Average | (130.92) 2.09 16.68 + 2.85 (14.55) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Jan. 28 20.02 18.07 17.87 17.43 1.10 1.60 1.37 2.05 15.77 14.65 15. 13 14.52 16.87 16.25 16.60 16.57 5.5 8.9 7.7 11.8 78.8 81.0 84.6 83.3 84.3 89.9 92.3 96.1 + 3.15 + 1. 82 + 1.37 + .86 1.0 29 1.0 30 . . 1.0 31 1.0 Total 73.39 18.35 6.12 1.53 60.07 15.02 66.19 16.55 8.3 81.9 90.2 + 7.20 + 1.80 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 .-. 18.45 17.73 1.01 .25 («) r. 701 14.49 14.01 ('') (b\ 15.50 14.26 5.5 1.4 78.5 79.0 84.0 80.4 + 2.96 + 3.47 2.0 2 . 2.0 3 0.0 4 [4.73] [14.8] Total 1 Average | 36.18 [40. 91] 18.09 [13.64] 28.50 29.76 ■■■"[4."8i 78.8 •82.3 + 6.42 \ 4.0 [1.96] 14.25 14.88 + 3.21 [.65] Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 (11.47) (14.92) (14.42) (17.40) (a) («) (a) (a) (12.71) (11.58) (14.27) (11.46) (110.8) (77.6) (99.0) (66.9) 0.0 6 7 .-. 0.0 8 0.0 Total (58.21) (14. 55) (50.02) (12.60) (85.9) 0.0 Average Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: f 109.57 (167. 78) [114. 30] 18.26 (16.78) [16. 33] 95.95 87.6 +13. 62 1 Total \ """"[8.' 08] (138.59) (82.6) \ 8.0 1 [7.1] 1 ( 15.99 + 2.27 Average { (13.86) 1 [1.15] a Discarded. &Not run. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 278 Table XLVII. — Nitrogen balances for Serii'n II — Continued. N"o. IS. Period and date. 1 In food. In feces. 3 III urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Grams. (20. 37) (18.07) 20.13 19.11 18.29 18.78 20.77 20. 27 18.34 Grams. («) (") 1.36 1.91 1.90 (") 1.66 3.44 .97 Grams. (15.15) (13.70) 15.05 11.68 11.40 13.39 12.62 12.86 9.72 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (74.4) (75.8) 74.8 61.1 62.3 71.3 60.8 63.4 53.0 Per ct. Grams. Grams. '^0 21 22..: 23 24 25- 26 27 16.41 13.59 13.30 13.39 14. 28 16.30 10.69 6.8 10.0 10.4 '""ao' 17.0 5.3 81.5 71.1 72.7 71.3 68.8 80.4 58.3 + 3.72 + 5.52 + 4.99 + 5.39 + 6.49 + 3.97 + 7.65 r„ , ( 135. 69 (174. 13) 19.38 (19.35) 11.24 97.96 8.3 "(60.'6) 72.2 +37. 73 Total (115.57) Average | 1.61 13.99 + 5.39 (12.84) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 29 30 31 20.74 18.06 17.55 18.86 1.62 1.60 1.57 2.63 13.43 14.31 12.60 12.87 16.05 15.91 14.17 15.50 7.8 8.9 8.9 13.9 64.8 79.2 71.8 68.2 72.6 88.1 80.7 82.2 + 5.69 + 2.15 + 3.38 + 3.36 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 75.21 18.80 7.42 1.86 63.21 13.30 60.63 15.15 9.9 70.7 80.6 + 14.58 + 3.65 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903_Feb. 1 21.19 17. 53 13.90 16.32 1.84 2.06 .58 1.10 13.41 15.46 13.69 13.34 15.25 17.51 14.17 14.44 8.7 11.8 4.2 6.7 63.3 88.1 97.8 81.7 72.0 99.9 101.9 88.5 + 6.94 + .02 - .27 + 1.88 2.0 2 2.0 3 2.0 4 2.0 Total 68.94 17.24 .5. .58 1.40 55.79 13. 95 61.37 15.34 8.1 80.9 89.0 + 7.67 + 1.90 8.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 16.97 10.88 6.61 4.64 1.61 .67 1.34 1.40 14.77 13.90 10. 65 10. 32 16.38 14.57 11.99 11.72 9.6 6.2 20.3 30.2 87.0 127.8 161.1 222. 4 96.5 133.9 181.4 252. 6 + .59 - 3.69 - 5.38 - 7.08 3.0 6 7 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 39.10 9.78 5.02 1.26 49.64 12.41 54. 66 13.66 12.8 127.0 139.8 -16. .56 - 3.88 3.0 1 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 183.25 15.27 18.02 1..50 158.64 13.22 176.66 14.72 9.8 86.6 96.4 + 6.59 + .55 15.0 1 "Discarded. 424^— No. 84, pt 1—04 18 b No movement. 274 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES OJST HEALTH. Table XL VIII. — Summary of nitrogen balances for Series II. Two meia. Period. 1 lu food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.7 1 No. 10 1 Grams. 117. 75 (155.31) 141. 78 (180.59) Gi'ams. 14.31 Grams. Gi'ams. 116. 94 Per ct. 12.2 Per ct. ■(85.'2) ■(75:6) Per ct. 99.3 Gi-ams. + 0.81 Grams. - (132. 37) 12.97 116. 13 9.1 82.0 +25. 65 (136.53) Total 1 259. 53 (335. 90) 18.54 (18.66) 27.28 233. 07 10.5 "(SO.'l) 89.8 +26. 46 (268. 90) Average | 1.95 16.65 + 1.89 (14. 94) Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 7 67.02 40.36 (79. 52) .12. 34 3.13 52.23 64.67 33.05 18.4 7.8 77.9 "(79."4) 96.3 81.9 + 2.45 + 7.31 4 No. 10 1 1 4.0 (63. 14) Total 1 107. 38 (146. 54) 17.90 (18. 32) 15.47 97.62 14.4 '(78.'7) 90.9 + 9. 76 8 (115. 37) Average -j 2.58 16.27 + 1.63 (14. 42) Second subperiod: No 7 70.67 81.74 7.23 9.56 50.57 64. 84 57.80 74.40 10.2 11.7 71.6 79.3 81.8 91.0 +12. 87 + 7.34 8 No. 10 8 Total 152. 41 19.05 16.79 2.10 115. 41 14.43 132. 20 16.53 11.0 75.7 86.7 +20.21 + 2.52 16 Average . . .^ . . Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 259. 79 (298. 95) 18.56 (18.68) ■ 32. 26 229. 82 12.4+ '(77 ."'2; 88.5 +29. 97 \ 24.0 (230. 78) Average ■! 2.30 16.41 + 2.14 (14.42) Third subperiod: No.7 68.54 81.47 8.79 6.10 54.37 65.96 63.16 72.06 12.8 7.5 79.3 81.0 92.2 88.5 + 5.38 + 9.41 12 No. 10 12.0 Total 150.01 18.78 14.89 1.86 120. 33 15.04 135.22 16.90 9.9 80.2 90.1 +14 79 9A n Average + 1.85 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total i 409. 80 (448. 96) . 18.63 (18.71) 47.15 365. 04 11.5 ■(78."2) 89.1 +44. 76 \ 48.0 (351. 11) Average | 2.14 16.59 + 2.03 (14.63) BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 275 Table XLVIII. — StDiimary of nitrogen balances for Series J/— Continued. iriiree inen. Period. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4= In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) r In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. ■.. - f Grams. 117. 75 (15.5.31) 141. 78 (180.59) 135.69 (174.13) Grams. 14.31 Gram.'). Grams. 116.94 Per ct. 12.2 Per ct. "{Sb.i) "{ih'.h) "(60.6) Per ct. 99.3 Grains. + 0.81 Grams. (132.37) \ Xu. 10 i 12.97 116.13 9.1 82.0 +25. 65 '(i36.53) 11.24 97.96 8.3 72.2 +37. 73 ^o.l2 1 (115.57) ^ ^ , 1 395.22 (510. 03) 18.82 (18.89) 38. 52 331.03 1 9.7 "{ih'.i) 83.7 +64. 19 Total i Average | (384.47) "'""(i4.'24) 1.83 15.76 + 3.06 Preservative period. First subperiod: Xo.7 67.02 40.36 (79.52) 75.21 12. 34 3.13 52. 23 64.57 33.05 18.4 7.8 77.9 ■(79.'4) 70.7 96.3 81.9 + 2.45 + 7.31 4.0 No. 10 1 No. 12 1 4.0 4.0 (63.14) 53.21 7.42 60. 63 9.9 80.6 . +14. 58 Total 1 f 182. 59 (221.75) 18.26 (18.48) 22. 89 2.29" 158.25 12.5 ■(76."6) 86.7 +24.34 1 12.0 (168. .58) 15.83 + 2.43 Average -j (14.05) Second subperiod: No.7 . No. 10 70.67 81.74 68.94 7.23 9.56 5.58 50.57 64.84 55. 79 .57.80 74.40 01. 37 10.2 11.7 8.1 71.6 79.3 80.9 81.8 91.0 89.0 +12. 87 + 7.34 + 7.57 8.0 8.0 No. 12 8.0 Total 221.35 18.45 22.37 1.86 171.20 14.27 193. 57 16.13 10.1 77.3 87.4 +27. 78 -t- 2.32 24.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 .\vcrago 1 403.94 45. 26 351.82 11.2 ■■(76.' 7) 87.1 +52. 12 1 36.0 (443.10) 18.36 (18.46) (339.78) 2.06 15.99 + 2.37 (14.16) 1 1 1 276 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLIX. — Nitrogen balances for Series III. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7- In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 Grains. 18.39 19.50 16.63 19.92 18.22 17.96 17.65 17.59 17.85 Grams. 2.13 1.72 1.16 1.46 1.13 1.34 .822 1.32 2.30 Gra??is. 16.59 18.78 16. 29 16.24 16.28 17.66 16.97 17.89 17.51 Grams. 18.72 20. .50 17.45 17.70 17.41 19. 00 17.79 19.21 19.81 Per ct. 11. 58 8.82 6.98 7.33 6.20 7.46 4.66 7.51 12.89 Per ct. 90.21 96.31 97.96 81.53 89.35 98.33 96.15 101. 71 98.10 Per ct. 101.8 105.1 104.9 88.9 95.6 105. 8 100.8 109.2 111.0 Grams. - 0.33 - 1.00 - .82 + 2.22 + .81 - 1.04 - .14 - 1.62 - 1.96 Grams. 20 21 22 . . 23 24 25 26 27 Total ' 163. 71 18.19 13.38 1.49 154.21 17.13 167. 59 18.62 8.20 94.20 102. 4 - 3.88 - .43 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 18.36 20.29 18.48 19.27 0.673 2.66 1.67 1.28 18.22 18.42 17.14 17.20 18.89 21.08 18.81 18.48 3.67 13.11 9.04 6.64 99.24 90. 78 92.75 89.26 102.9 103.9 101.8 95.9 - 0.53 - .79 - .33 + .79 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mar. 1. 2 3 Total 76.40 19.10 6.28 1.57 70.98 17.75 77.26 19.32 8.20 92.90 101.1 - .86 - .22 4.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Mar.4 17.78 16.32 16.55 17.79 0.968 1.52 1.44 .798 17.95 16.13 16.11 15.46 18.92 17. 65 17.65 16.26 5.44 9.31 8.70 4.49 100. 96 98.84 97.34 86.90 106.4 108.1 106.0 91.4 - 1.14 - 1.33 - 1.00 + 1.53 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 5 6 Total 68.44 17.11 4.73 1.18 65.65 16.41 70.38 17. 59 6.90 95.90 102.8 - 1.94 - .48 12.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 15.61 18.48 19.98 13.36 1.16 1.01 1.55 .421 16.04 15.33 ' 15.91 15.90 17. 20 16.34 17.46 16.32 7.43 5.47 7.76 3.15 102. 75 82.95 79.63 119. 01 110.2 88.4 87.4 122.2 - 1.59 + 2.14 + 2.52 - 2.96 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9 10 11 Total 67.43 16.86 4.14 1.03 63.18 15.80 67.32 16.83 6.10 93.70 99.8 + .11 + .03 10.0 Average Entire preservative period: Total 212. 27 17.69 15.15 1.26 199. 81 16. 65 214. 96 17.91 7.20 94.10 101.3 - 2.69 - .22 26.0 Average After, period. 1903— Mar. 12... 15. 48 21. 39 21.21 19.05 19.34 21.09 19.58 18.89 1.10 1.21 1.63 1.15 .841 1.47 1.64 1.18 16.46 17.20 18.47 17.11 16. 22 16.64 15.99 14.59 17.56 18.41 20.10 18.26 17.06 18.11 17.63 15.77 7.11 5.66 7.69 6.04 4.35 6.97 8.38 6.25 106.33 80.41 87. 08 89.82 83.87 78.90 81.66 77.24 113.4 86.1 94.8 95.9 88.2 85.9 90.0 83.5 - 2.08 + 2.98 -r 1.11 + .79 + 2.28 + 2.98 + 1.95 + 3.12 13 14 15 16 17 ... 18 19 Total 156.03 19.50 10.22 1.28 132. 68 • 16. 58 142. 90 17.86 6.60 85.00 91.6 +13.13 + 1.64 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 277 Table XLIX. — Xltrogen balances for Series J/i^— Continued. No. S. Period and date. 1 In food. o In feces. 3 I In urine. 4 n feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) (> In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Feb. 19 G-rams. 15.69 18.28 17.38 18.57 18.56 17. 52 16.49 16.63 17.33 Gi-ams. 1.98 1.53 1.18 1.69 1.31 .722 1.14 1.73 1.59 Grams. 14.59 14.79 14.38 14.83 15.51 16.02 15.37 15.66 16.16 Grams. 16.57 16.32 15.56 16.52 16.82 16.74 16.51 17.39 17.75 Per ci. 12.6 8.4 6.8 9.1 7.0 4.1 6.9 10.4 9.2 Per ct. 93.0 80.9 82.7 79.9 83.6 91.4 93.2 94.2 93.2 Per ct. 105.6 89.3 89.5 89.0 90.6 95.5 100.1 104.6 102.4 Grams. - 0.88 + 1.96 + 1.82 + 2.05 + 1.74 + .78 - .02 - .76 - .42 Grams. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total Average 1.56. 45 17.38 12. 872 1.43 437.31 1.5.26 150. 18 16.69 8.2 87.8 %.0 + 6.27 + .69 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 19.30 17.99 18.84 19.00 1.69 1.47 1.28 1.24 15.91 16.13 16.65 14.79 17.60 17.60 17.93 16.03 8.8 8.2 6.8 6.5 82.4 89.6 88.4 77.9 91.2 97.8 95.2 84.4 + 1.70 + .39 + .91 + 2.97 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 75. 13 18.78 5.68 1.42 63.48 15.87 69.16 17.29 7.6 84.5 92.1 + 5.97 + 1.49 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 5 6 17.95 9.37 9.16 11. 59 1.12 .425 (") («) 15.81 13.39 12.28 14.14 16.93 13.82 12.28 14.14 6.2 4.5 88.1 142.9 134.1 122. 94.3 147.4 134.1 122.0 + 1.02 - 4.45 - 3. 12 - 2.55 4.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 Total Average 48.07 12. 02 1. M5 .77 55. 62 13.90 57. 17 14.29 3.2 115.7 118.9 - 9.10 - 2. 27 7.0 Third subperiod: 190:i— Mar. 8 9 10 11 5.02 8.15 13.18 19.27 1.10 1.13 .862 1.01 13.97 14.21 14.53 14.75 15.07 15.34 15.39 15.76 21.9 13.9 6.5 .5.2 278.3 174.3 110.3 76.6 300.2 188.2 116.8 81.8 -10.05 - 7.19 - 2.21 + 3.51 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Average 45. 62 11.40 4. 102 1.026 57.46 14.36 61.56 15.39 9.0 125.9 134.9 -15.94 - 3.99 0.0 Entire preservative period: Total Average 168. 82 14.07 11.327 .941 176.56 14.71 187. 89 15.66 6.7 104.6 111.3 -19.07 - 1.59 11.0 i 1 After period. 19(j:{— Mar. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19.30 19.22 20.13 19.62 19.98 21.36 19.41 18.21 1.72 1.21 1.57 1.19 1.78 2.49 1.49 .784 15.39 14.79 15.37 13.05 14. 31 14.20 12. 60 12.79 17.11 16.00 16.94 14.24 16.09 16.69 14.09 13.57 8.9 6.3 7.8 6.1 8.9 11.6 7.7 4.3 1 ! 79.8 . 76.9 76.4 66.5 71.6 66.5 64.9 70.2 88.7 83.2 84.2 72.6 80.5 78.1 72.6 74.5 + 2.19 + 3.22 + 3.19 + 5.38 + 3.89 + 4.67 + 5.32 + 4.64 1 Total 1.57.23 19.65 12.2:i4 1.529 112.50 14.06 124.73 15.59 7.8 71.6 79.3 +32. 50 + 4.06 :::::::: ' a No movement. 278 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH, Table XLIX. — Nitrogen balances for Series J/J^Continued. IvTo. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Feb. 19 Grams-. 14.41 13.31 [14. 16] 16.63 16.22 15.20 15.00 15.66 13.91 Orams. 2. 26 .878 [1.45] 1.64 2.35 .703 1.32 1.62 1.23 Grams. 11.36 12.91 Lost. 14.66 16.70 13.34 14.66 14.10 11.99 Grams. 13.62 13.79 "ih'.so 19.05 14.04 15.98 15.72 13. 22 Per ct. 15.7 6.6 [10.2] 9.8 14.4 4.6 8.8 10.4 8.8 Per ct. 78.8 97.0 Per ct. 94.5 103.6 Grains. + 0.79 - .48 Grams. 20 21 22 ... 88.2 103.0 87.8 97.7 90.0 86.2 98.0 117.4 92.4 106. 5 '100.4 95.0 + .33 - 2.83 + 1.16 - .98 - .06 + .69 23 24 25 26 27 Total 1 Average | 120. 34 [134. 50] 15. 04 [14. 94] 109.72 121. 72 """[io.'o] 91.1 101.1 - 1.38 [13. 451] 13.72 15.22 - .18 [1. 495] Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 15.35 16.27 (15.72) 16.17 1.01 1.36 Lost. 1.24 12. 46 13.59 (11. 92) 13.02 13.47 14.95 6.6 8.4 81.2 83.6 (75.8) 80.5 87.8 91.9 + 1.88 + 1.32 1.0 Mar. 1 1.0 9 1.0 3 14.26 7.7 88.2 + 1.91 1.0 Total 1 Average | 47.79 (63.51) 15.93 (15. 88) 3.61 42. 68 7.6 "(SO.'S) 89.3 + 5.11 4.0 (50. 99) 1.20 14.23 + 1.72 (12.75) Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4. 15.39 16.21 12.38 13.53 1.64 .410 1.83 1.34 12. 82 5.41 11.45 10.41 14.46 5.82 13.28 11. 75 10.7 2.5 14.8 9.9 S3. 3 33.4 92.5 76.9 94.0 35.9 107.3 86.8 + 0. 93 -10. 39 - .90 + 1.78 4.0 4.0 6 2.0 7 2.0 Total Average 57.51 14.38 5.22 1.30 40.09 10. 02 45. 31 11.33 9.0 69.8 78.8 +12.20 + 3.05 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 13.76 13.41 12.77 11.68 .735 2.24 .923 .574 16.54 10.75 ,11.47 10.20 17.28 12.99 12. 39 10.77 5.3 16.7 7.2 4.9 120.3 80.2 89.8 87.3 125.6 96.9 97.0 92.2 - 3.52 + .42 + .38 + .91 3.0 9 3.0 10 2.0 11 3.0 Total 51. 62 12.90 4.472 1.118 48.96 12.24 53.43 13.36 8.7 94.8 103.5 - 1.81 11.0 Average Entire preservative period: 156. 92 (172.64) 14.27 (14.39) 13. 302 141.42 8.5 "(si.'i) 90.1 +15. 50 1 27.0 (140. 04) \ 1.209 12. 86 + 1.41 Average i. (11.67) ^ After period. 1903— Mar. 12 14.34 18.15 14.76 15.42 17.38 (17.98) 15.29 15.12 1.83 .674 1.66 .743 1.01 Lost. 1.78 1.84 9.45 12.85 12.50 13.14 11.76 (10. 14) 11.09 10.92 11.28 13. 52 14.16 13.88 12.77 12.8 3.7 11.2 4.8 5.8 65.9 70.8 84.7 ■ 85.2 67.7 (56.4) 72.6 72.2 78.7 74.5 95.9 90.0 73.5 + 3.06 + 4.63 + .60 + 1.54 + 4.61 13 -. 14 15 16 17 18... 12.87 12. 76 11.6 12.2 84.2 84.4 + 2.42 + 2.36 19 Total 1 110. 46 (128.44) 15.78 (16.06) 9.637 91.24 8.6 ■■(7i:5) 82.6 +19. 22 (91. 85) Average | L362 13.03 + 2.75 (n.48) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 279 Table XLIX. — Nitrogen balances for Series JJJ— Continued. ^iTo. 4. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 &rams. Absent. 17.46 16.37 (16.77) 19.31 18.91 19. 24 17.87 16.24 Grams. Grams. Grams. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20. 1.59 .82 («) .882 1.70 1.68 1.85 1.43 11.84 11.50 15. 22 13.68 16.80 12.65 13.43 12.32 9.1 5.0 67.8 70.3 (71.0) 91.7 80.5 71.1 94.0 77.9 76.9 75.3 + 4.03 + 4.05 21 22. 23 IS. 60 16.92 15. 30 18.65 14.08 4.6 9.0 8.7 10.4 8.8 96.3 89.5 79.8 104.4 86.7 + .71 + 1.99 + 3.88 - .78 + 2.16 24 25 26 27 Total 1 Average | 12.5. 40 (142. 17) 17.91 (17.77) 9.95 , 109. 36 7.9 ■■(78."3) 87.2 +16.04 (111.31) 1.42 15.62 + 2.29 (13.91) - 1.35 + 1.15 - .78 + 1.73 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 16.16 18.12 17.43 19.74 1.54 2.77 1.37 1.78 15.97 14.20 16.84 16. 23 17.51 16.97 18. 21 18.01 9.6 15.3 7.9 9.0 98.8 78.4 96.6 82.2 108.4 93.7 104.5 91.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 71.45 17.86 7.46 1.86 63.24 15.81 70.70 17.67 10.5 88.5 99.0 + .75 + .19 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 16.79 16.78 12.78 12. 59 1.31 1.86 1.04 1.65 14.34 6.75 12.85 12.29 15.65 8.61 13.89 13.94 7.8 11.1 8.1 13.1 85.4 40.2 100.6 97.6 93.2 51:3 108.7 110.7 + 1.14 + 8.17 - 1.11 - 1.35 4.0 5 4.0 6 2.0 2.0 Total 58.94 14.74 5.86 1.46 46.23 11.56 52.09 13.02 9.9 78.5 88.4 + 6.85 + 1.72 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 13.28 13.14 14.20 7.73 1.34 1.07 1.82 1.74 11.24 11.56 12. 85 10.66 12.58 12.63 14.67 12.40 10.1 8.1 12.8 22.5 84.6 88.0 90.5 137.9 94.7 96.1 103.3 160.4 + 0.70 + .51 - .47 - 4.67 3.0 L7 3.0 2.0 Total Average 48. 35 12.09 5.97 1.49 46. 31 11.. 58 .52. 28 13 07 12.3 95.8 108.1 - 3.93 - .98 9.7 Entire pre-servative period: Total 178.74 19.29 14.90 ' 1.61 155.78 12.98 175. 07 14.59 10.8 87.1 97.9 + 3.67 + .31 25.7 After pmod. 1903 — Mar 12 (12.10) Lost. (15.63) T-ost. (9.86) (10.11) 9.98 10.56 Lost. 11.18 12. 48 (12.93) (81.5) 64.7) 57.1 71.5 13 14 17.47 14.78 [17. 35] 17.08 16.22 (17.00) C) 1.94 [1.89] .994 1.39 (") 9.98 12.50 "i'i.'ii' 13.87 '"'is.'i' 8.6 57.1 84.6 + 7.49 + 2.28 1.5 16 17 65.5 76.9 (76.1) 71.3 8.5.5 + 4.91 + 2.35 18 19 1 65. 55 (110.28) [82. 90] 16.39 (15.75) [16.68] 48.52 74.0 +17.03 (77. 10) (69. 9) [6.21]- [7.6] 12. 13 + 4.26 j Average \ (11.01) [1.24] 1 oDiHcarded. OSo uiovcmeut. 280 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XLIX. — Nitrogen balances for Series JJJ— Continued. ISTo. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. ■3 In feces 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 6 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Feb 19 Grams. 20.84 19.91 19.34 21.74 20.16 19.72 19.51 20.34 18.73 Cframs. 1.09 .517 .973 3.62 1.90 .677 1.24 2.71 .510 Grams. 14.23 16.24 17.74 15.73 15.41 18.06 17.25 18.47 17.15 &rams. 15. 32 16.76 18.71 J19. 35 17.31 18.74 18.49 21.18 17.66 Per ct. 5.2 2.6 5.0 16.6 9.4 3.4 6.4 IS. 3 2.7 Per ct. 68.3 81.6 91.7 72.4 96.5 91.6 88.4 90.8 91.6 Per ct. 73.5 84.2 96.7 • 89.0 8.5.9 95.0 94.8 104.1 94.3 Grams. + 5.52 + 3.15 + .63 + 2.39 -f 2.85 + .98 + 1.02 - .84 + 1.07 Grams. 20 21 22 ... . 23 24 25 26 27 Total 180. 29 20.03 13. 237 1.47 150. 28 16.70 163. 52 18.17 7.3 83.4 90.7 +16. 77 + 1.86 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28. 20.78 22.71 21.26 21.26 2.61 .186 1.91 2.50 16. 6S 17.08 16.80 18.08 19.29 17.27 18.71 20.58 12.6 .8 9.0 11.8 80.2 75.2 79.0 85.0 92.8 76.0 88.0 96.8 + 1.49 + 6.44 + 2.55 + .68 1 Mar. 1 1 2 1 3 1 Total 86.01 21.50 7.206 1.80 68.64 17.16 75.85 18.96 8.4 79.8 88.2 +10. 16 + 2.54 4 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4.. . 20.29 20.64 17.71 17.29 1.37 1.02 2.70 1.60 17.86 16.64 14.85 15.22 19.23 17.66 . 17. 55 16. 82 6.8 5.0 15.2 9.3 88.0 80.6 83.9 88.0 94.8 85.6 99.1 97.3 + 1.06 + 2.98 + .16 + .47 4 ,5 4 6 2 7 2 Total Average 75.93 18.98 6.69 1.67 64.57 16.14 71.26 17.82 8.8 , 86.0 ' 93.8 + 4.67 + 1.17 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903_Mar.8 .... 16.78 17.31 14.76 10.61 1.52 .382 .721 .269 14.34 14.52 14.24 13.79 15.86 14.90 14.96 14.06 9.0 2.2 4.9 2.5 85.5 83.9 96.5 130.0 94.5 86.1 101.4 132.5 + 0.92 + 2.41 - .20 - 3.46 3 9 3 10 2 2 11 3 Total 59.46 14.86 2.892 .723 66.89 14.22 59.78 14.94 4.9 95.6 100.5 - .32 - .08 11 2 Average Entire preservative period: Total 221. 40 18.45 16.79 1.40 190.10 15.84 206. 89 17.24 7.6 85.8 93.4 +14. 51 + 1.21 27.2 Average After period. 1903— Mar. 12 14.38 20.08 22.91 22.01 22.81 22.34 22.63 22.11 2.33 1.65 2.19 («) 1.45 2.14 .417 1.57 15.48 15.01 17.36 16.10 15.69 16.60 15.98 15.90 17.81 16.66 19.56 16.10 17.14 18.74 16.40 17.47 16.2 8.2 9.5 '""e.'s" 9.6 1.9 7.1 107.7 74.8 75.8 73.1 68.8 74.3 70.6 71.9 123.9 83.0 85.3 73.1 75.1 83.9 72.5 79.0 - 3.43 + 3.42 + 3.36 + 5.91 4- 5.67 + 3.60 + 6.23 + 4.64 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 169. 27 21.16 11. 747 1.68 128. 12 16.02 139. 87 17.48 6.9 75.7 82.6 +29. 4a + 8-. 68 Average "No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 281 Table XLIX. — Nitrogen balances for Series ///^Continued. No. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. o In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Grams. 13.34 12. 74 12. 82 13.20 15.35 16.64 15.32 13.71 14.05 Grams. C) .707 3.78 1.79 («) 1.11 1.32 l.5y («) Grams. 8.69 11.02 11.03 9.94 12.24 12.54 13.84 13.62 13.60 Grams. 8.69 11.73 14.81 11.73 12. 24 13.65 15.16 15.21 13.60 Per ct. '""'S.'e' 29.5 13.6 ""&.Y 8.6 11.6 Per ct. 65.1 86.5 86.0 75.3 79.7 75.3 90.4 99.3 96.8 Per ct. 65.1 92.1 115. 5 88.9 79.7 82.0 99.0 110.9 96.8 Grams. + 4.65 + 1.01 - 1.99 + 1.47 + 3.11 + 2.99 + .16 - 1.50 + .45 Grams. Total 127. 17 14 13 10.297 1.144 106. .52 11.84 116.82 12.98 8.1 83.8 91.9 +10.35 + 1.15 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 10.32 9.39 11.24 16.60 2.11 2.51 1.91 .927 13.65 13.18 11.40 15.31 15.76 15.69 13.31 16.24 20.4 26.7 17.0 5.6 132.3 140.4 101.4 92.2 152.7 167.1 118.4 97.8 - 5.44 - 6.30 - 2.07 + .36 1.0 .0 .0 .0 Total 47.55 11.89 7.457 1.864 53.54 13.38 61.00 15. 25 15.7 112.6 128.3 -13.45 - 3.36 1.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903 — Mar. 4 1 13.75 ' 1.55 15.49 14.22 12.38 15.09 17.04 17.05 14.71 17.29 11.3 19.2 17.2 13.5 112.6 96.7 91.4 92.7 123.9 115.9 108.6 106.2 - 3.29 - 2.34 - 1.17 - 1.01 .0 5 14.71 13.54 16.28 2.83 2.33 2.20 .0 6 1.0 7 2.0 Total 58.28 14. 57 8.91 2.23 57.18 14.30 66.09 16. 52 1.5.3 98.1 113.4 - 7.81 - 1.95 3.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 15.59 14.11 16.36 16.33 2.55 1.66 («) 2.04 10.46 12.45 12. 47 12.25 13.01 14.11 12.47 14.29 16.4 67.1 11.8 88.2 76.2 12.5 75.0 83.5 100.0 76.2 87.5 + 2.58 0.0 + 3.89 + 2.04 3.0 9 3.0 10 3.0 11 3.0 Total 62.39 15.60 6.25 1.56 47.63 11.91 53.88 13.47 10. 1 76. 3 86.3 + 8.61 + 2.13 12.0 Average Entire preservative period: Total 168.22 14.02 22.617 1.885 158.35 13.20 180.97 15.08 13.5 94.1 107.6 -12.75 - 1.06 16.0 Average After period. 1903_Mar 12 16.27 16.42 18.08 18.20 16.87 19.34 15.51 (17.07) 2.16 2.05 .771 1.62 1.88 1.93 3.00 Lost. 14.45 13.39 14.40 15.09 11.84 12.99 12.67 (12.78) 16. 61 15. 44 15. 17 16.71 13.72 14.92 15. 67 13.3 12.5 4.3 8.9 11.1 10.0 19.3 88.8 81.5 79.6 82.9 70.2 67.1 81.7 (74.9) 102.1 94.0 83.9 91.8 81.3 77.1 101.0 - 0.34 + .98 + 2.91 - 1.49 + 3.15 + 4.42 - .16 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total -[ 120.69 (137.76) 17.24 (17.22) 13.411 108. 24 11.1 ■■(78.'i 89.7 +12.46 (107.61) 1 1.916 15.46 + 1.78 Average < (13.46) a No movement. 282 INFLUJENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table L. — Summary of nitrogen balances for Series III. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.l Gh-ams. 163. 71 120. 34 [134.50] 125. 40 (142.17) 180. 29 Grams. 13.38 Grams. 154. 21 109. 72 Grams. 167. 59 121. 72 P.ct. 8.2 ■"[io.'o]" 7.9 P.ct. 94.2 91.1 P.ct. 102.4 101.1 Gh'ams. - 3.88 - 1.38 Grams. No.3 1 No. 4 1 No. 5 [13.451] 9.95 109. 36 ■(78:3) 83.4 .87.2 +16.04 (111.31) 160.28 18. 237 163. 52 7.3 90.7 +16. 77 1 589. 74 (606.51) [603. 90] 17.87 (17.84) [17.76] 562. 19 95.3 +27.55 Total < (525.52) (86.6) [50.018] [8.3] [ 17.04 + .83 Average -j (15.46) [1.471] Preservative period. First subperiod: No.l 76.40 47.79 (63. 51) 71.45 86.01 6.28 3.61 70.98 77.26 42.68 8.2 7.6 92.9 "(SO.'S) 88.5 79.8 101.1 89.3 - 0.86 + 5.11 4.0 No.3 1 No.4. 1 4.0 (50. 99) 63.24 68.64 7.46 7.206 70.70 75.85 10.5 8.4 99.0 88.2 + .75 +10.16 ' 40 No.5 4.0 Total 1 Average -j 281. 65 (297.37) 18.78 (18. 59) 24. 556 266. 49 8.7 ■(85.' 4) 94.6 +15.16 1 16.0 (253. 85) 1.637 17.77 + 1.01 , (15. 87) Second subperiod: No.l 68.44 57.51 58.94 75.93 4.73 5.22 5.86 6.69 65.65 40.09 46.23 64.57 70.38 45.31 52.09 71.26 6.9 9.0 9.9 8.8 95.9 69.8 78.5 85.0 102.8 78.8 88.4 93.8 - 1.94 +12. 20 + 6.85 + 4.67 12.0 No.3 12.0 No.4 12.0 No.5 12.0 Total Average 260. 82 16.30 22.50 1.41 216. 54 13.53 239. 04 14.94 8.6 83.0 91.6 +21. 78 + 1.36 48.0 Third subperiod: No.l 67.43 51.62 48.35 59.46 4.14 4.472 5.97 2.892 63.18 48.96 46.31 56.89 67.32 53.43 52.28 59.78 6.1 8.7 12.3 4.9 93.7 94.8 95.8 95.6 99.8 103.5 108.1 100.5 + 0.11 - 1.81 - 3.93 - .32 10.0 No.3 11.0 No.4 9.7 No.5 11.2 Total 226.86 14.18 17. 474 1.092 215. 34 13.46 232. 81 14.55 7.7 94.9 102.6 - 5.95 - .37 41.9 Average Entire preservative period: No.l 212. 27 156. 92 (172. 64) 178. 74 . 221. 40 15.15 13.302 199.81 214.96 141.42 7.2 8.5 94.1 "(si.'i) 87.1 85.8 101.3 90.1 - 2.69 +15. 50 26.0 No.3 1 No.4 1 27.0 (140.04) 155. 78 190. 10 19.29 . 16.79 175.07 206.89 16.8 •7.6 97.9 93.4 + 3.67 +14. 51 25.7 No.5 27.2 Total \ Average | 769. 33 (785. 05) 16.37 (16.36) 64.532 738. 34 8.4 '(87.'3) 96.0 +30.99 1 105. 9 (685. 73) 1.373 15.71 + .66 (14.29) After period. No.l 156.03 110. 46 (128.44) 65.55 (110. 28) [82. 90] 169.27 10.22 9.537 132. 68 142. 90 91.24 6.6 8.6 85.0 ■(7i."5) 91.6 82.6 +13. 13 +19.22 No.3 J 1 (91. 85) 48.52 74.0 +17.03 No.4 \ (77. 10) (69.9) [6.21] 11. 747 6.9 No.5 128.12 139. 87 75.7 82.6 +29.40 501. 31 (564. 02) [518. 66] ■ 18.57 (18. 19) [18. 52] 422. 53 84.3 +78. 78 Total \ (429. 75) (76. 2) [37.714] [7.3] 15. 65 + 2.92 Average \ (13.86) [1.347] BOKIC ACID AND BORAX, 283 Table L. — Surnmary of nitrogen hakuices for Seriex III — Continued. Five inen. Period. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 9 Boric Balance. ^^^^ (1-^) [minis- : tered. Fore period. No.l No.2 No.3 Orams. 163.71 1.56. 45 120. 34 [134. .50] 125. 40 (142.17) 180.29 Grams. 13.38 12. 872 Grams. 154.21 137. 31 109. 72 Grams. 167.59 150.18 121. 72 Per ct. 8.2 8.2 7.9 .Per ct. 94.2 87.8 91.1 Per ct. 102.4 96.0 101.1 Grams. - 3.88 + 6.27 - 1.38 Grams. [13.451] 9.95 No.4 109.36 ■(78.'3) 83.4 87.2 + 16.04 (111.31) 150.28 No. 5 13. 237 163. 52 7.3 90.7 + 16.77 ( 746. 19 (762. 96) [760.3.5] 17.76 (17.74) [17. 68] 712.37 9.5.5 + 33.82 Total I (662. 83) (86. 9) 1 [62.890] [8.3] • 1 16.96 + .80 Average ■! (15.41) 1 [1. 463] Prexervat ive period. First subperiod: No.l No.2 XT O ( 76.40 75.13 47.79 (63.51) 71.45 S6.01 6.28 .5.68 3.61 70.98 63.48 77.26 69.16 42. 68 8.2 7.6 7.6 92.9 84.5 '(80.' 3) 88.5 79.8 101.1 92.1 89.3 - 0.86 + 5.97 + 5.11 4.0 4.0 \ 4.0 4 No. 3 • (50. 99) 63.24 68.64 No.4 . 7.46 7.206 70.70 75. 85 10.5 8.4 99.0 88.2 + .75 + 10.16 No .=) 4 Total 1 366.78 (372. .50) 18.78 (18.63) 30.236 335. 65 8.5 ■(85.' 2) 94.1 + 21. 13 } 20.0 (317. 33) 1 1.591 17.66 + 1.12 Average • (15.87) Second subperiod: No. 1 68.44 48.07 .57. 51 .58.94 75. 93 4.73 1.545 .5.22 5.86 6.69 65.65 .55.62 40.09 46.23 64.57 70.38 57.17 45. 31 52.09 71.26 6.9 3.2 9.0 9.9 8.8 96.9 11.5. 7 69.8 78.6 85.0 102.8 118.9 78.8 88.4 93.8 - 1.94 - 9.10 + 12.20 + 6.86 + 4.67 12.0 No.2 No.3 No.4 N0..5 7.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Total Average 308.89 15.44 24. 045 1 202 272. 16 13.61 296. 21 14.81 7.8 88.1 95.9 + 12.68 + .63 65.0 Third subperiod: No. 1 No. 2 67.43 45.62 51.62 48.35 .59.46 4.14 4.102 4. 472 .5.97 2. 892 63.18 57.46 48.96 46.31 .56.89 67.32 61.56 53. 43 52. 28 59.78 6.1 9.0 8.7 12.3 4.9 93.7 125. 9 94.8 9.5.8 95. 6 99.8 134.9 103.5 108.1 100.5 -h 0.11 —15.94 — 1.81 — 3.93 — .32 10.0 .0 No. 3 11.0 No. 4 9.7 No. b 11.2 Total 272. 48 13.62 21. 576 1.078 272. 80 13.64 294.37 14.72 7.9 100.1 108.0 —21.89 — 1.10 41.9 Average Entire preservative perirKl: Neriod: Total Average 327. 45 18.19 31.52 1.75 267. .53 14.86 299.05 16.61 9.6 81.7 91.3 +28.40 + 1.58 22.0 1 A/ler period. I'XCi^Apr 15 16 1 17 9.71 13.49 10.08 18.84 17.02 16.56 0.770 2. 16 1.74 2.62 12.79 10.37 14.17 12.85 1 19. 22 11.. 55 13. .56 10.37 14.17 1.5.01 20. 96 14.07 7.9 "'ii.'.5 10.2 15.2 131.7 76.9 88.1 ()8. 2 112.9 69.8 139.6 76.9 8H. 1 79.7 123. 1 85.0 - 3.85 + 3.12 + 1.91 + 3.83 - 3.94 •)- 2.49 18 19 20 21 22 Total 91.70 15 28 7.19 1 20 80.95 88.14 i:{ 4 1 7.8 88.3 96.1 + 3.56 + .59 Average ..,-. 1 1 II .No movement. 288 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LI. — Nitrogen balances for Series IV — Continued. No. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Forejieriod (excluded). 1903 — Mar. 20 Orams. 17.86 16.90 17.90 (14.85) 15.02 13.98 17.13 18.47 Grams. 1.44 .954 1.42 Lost. .569 1.77 .796 1.32 Orams. 12.42 13.50 16.33 (13.06) 18.69 15.48 13.43 15.01 Grams. 13.86 14.45 17. 75 Per ct. 8.1 5.6 8.0 Per ct. 69.5 79.9 91.2 (87.9). 124.4 110.7 78.4 81.3 Per ct. 77.6 85.5 99.2 Grams. + 4.00 + 2.45 + -.lb Grams. 21. 22 23 24 19.26 17.25 14.23 16.33 3.8 12.7 4.7 7.1 128.2 123.4 83.1 88.4 - 4.24 - 3.27 -1- 2.90 + 2.14 25 26 27 Total 1 Average ■! 117.26 (132. 11) 16.75 (16.51) 8.27 113. 13 7.1 "'(89.'3) 96.5 -1- 4.13 (117.92) 1.18 16.16 + .59 (14.74) Preservative period. First subperiod (ex- cluded): 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 15. 92 17.10 2.59 1.51 1.13 2.85 14.45 15.96 10. 35 15.96 17.09 13.20 9.5 6.6 110.1 90.8 93.3 399.6 100.3 99.9 509.7 - 0.04 + .01 -10.61 0.5 .5 .0 Total 35.61 11.87 5.49 1.83 40.76 13.59 46.25 15.42 15.4 114.5 129.9 -10.64 - 3.55 1.0 Fore period. 1903— Mar. 31 4.33 8.52 10.63 16.53 (a) 1.22 .508 .952 11.25 8.17 11.93 11.56 11.25 9.39 12.44 12.51 '"'ii's' 4.8 5.8 259.8 « 95.9 112.2 69.9 259. 8 110.2 117.0 75.7 - 6.92 - .87 - 1.81 + 4.02 0.0 Apr. 1 .0 2 .0 3 .0 Total 40.01 10.00 2.68 .67 42.91 10.73 45. 59 11.40 6.7 107.2 113.9 - 5.58 - 1.40 .0 Preservative period. 1903— Apr. 4 14.20 16.64 13.67 16.55 13.92 14.78 17.56 14.07 15.88 14.03 14.90 1.76 1.19 1.29 1.99 1.06 1.49 .894 1.57 1.72 1.52 1.08 14.11 14.58 11.44 14.36 12.66 12.04 14.00 13.86 13.85 13.88 12.97 15.87 15.77 12.73 16.35 13.72 13.63 14.89 15.43 15.57 15.40 14.05 12.4 7.2 9.4 12.0 7.6 10.0 5.1 11.2 10.8 10.9 7.2 99.4 87.6 83.7 86.8 91.0 81.5 79.7 98.5 87.2 98.9 87.0 111.8 94.8 93.1 98.8 98.6 91.5 ■ 84.8 109.7 98.0 109.8 94.2 - 1.67 + .87 + .94 + .20 + .20 + 1.25 -f- 2.67 - 1.36 -h .31 - 1.37 -1- ".85 0.5 1.0 6 1.0 7 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 ]0 1.0 11 1.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14 3.0 Total 166. 20 15.11 15.56 1.42 147. 75 13.43 163.31 14.85 9.4 88.9 98.3 + 2.89 -1- .26 14.5 After period. 1903— Apr. 15 14.20 13.41 16.14 18.09 14.44 14.53 15.70 13.85 0.584 .588 («) 3.52 .518 1.53 .437 1.20 i2.07 11.93 13.10 14.34 12.76 12.33 14.61 12.96 12. 65 12.52 13.10 17.86 13.28 13.86 15.05 14.16 4.1 4.4 ""ig.T 3.6 10.5 2.8 8.6 85.0 89.0 81.2 79.3 88.4 84.9 93.1 93.6 89.1 93.4 81.2 98.7 .92.0 95.4 95.9 102.2 + L55 + .89 + 3.04 + .23 -t- 1.16 -f .67 -1- .65 - .31 16 17 18 19.. 20 21 22 Total 120. 36 15.04 8.38 1.05 104. 10 13.01 112.48 14.06 7.0 86.5 93.5 + 7.88 + .98 Average i a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 289 Tablk LI. — Xitroym hdhuices for Series 71'— Continued. Period iiiid date 1 III food. Fore jieriod {ejccludcil \. 1903— Mar. 20 21 22 23 24 •2.1 26 27 Total Average First subperiod (ex- cluded): 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 Trams. 13.68 16.72 18.37 n.78 14.31 16.63 16.90 17.93 129. 32 16.16 Total Average Fore period. 17.06 If). .50 17.33 w 50. 89 16.96 a In feces. In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 190:i— Apr.3. 4. 12.52 16.39 17.05 Total .... Average . 45. 96 15. 32 J'refervative period. 1903— Apr. <; Ifi. 38 16. 06 16. 35 16.83 13.73 13.88 15.35 15. 21 15.38 Total Average After period. 139.17 15.46 1903— Apr. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 4.74 6. 55 15. «1 17. .55 16.76 17.06 14. 05 13.31 Total . . . . Average . 105.83 13.23 Grams. Grams. 1.76 12.21 2.97 15.30 .773 14.74 2 36 15.73 1.79 12. 42 2.01 13. 27 1.65 15.56 2.40 13.86 Grams. 13.97 18.27 15.51 18.09 14. 21 15. 28 17.21 16.26 15.71 19.6 113.09 128.80 14. 14 16. 10 1.35 1.86 3.18 13.63 14.30 12. 31 14.98 16.16 15.49 6.39 2.13 40.24 13.41 1.37 1.32 1.72 4.41 1.47 1.66 1.87 .434 . 528 l.IO C) 2.14 2.02 1.37 11.70 11.96 13. 23 46.63 15.54 13.07 13.28 14.95 36.89 12.30 14.25 13.79 12. 05 14.02 13.25 10. 21 13. 23 12.04 13.22 41.30 13.77 15.91 15.66 12. 48 14. 55 14.35 10. 21 15.37 14.06 14.59 11.12 1.24 116.06 12.89 1.67 .943 2.82 1.79 2.74 .905 1.20 7.63 12.24 9.49 12.60 11.39 10.89 10.86 12. 03 12. Ofi 1.51 87.13 10.89 127. 18 14.13 In feces. (2-1) In urine. (3-^1) Per ct. 12.9 17.8 4.2 16.1 12.5 12.1 9.7 13.5 Per ct. 89.2 91.5 80.2 106.3 86.8 79.8 92.1 77.2 7 In fece.s and urine. (4^1) 12.1 7.9 11.3 18.4 12.5 87.5 80.0 86.6 71.0 10.9 8.1 10.1 9.6 10.1 11.6 2.6 3.2 8.0 13.9 7.(3 13.91 10. 43 15.42 13.18 13. C3 11.76 13. 23 99.19 12. 39 25.5 6.0 16.1 10.6 16.1 6.4 9.0 11.4 93.4 72.9 77.6 80.3 87.0 85.9 73.7 83.3 96.5 73.6 86.2 86.9 161. 186. 9 60.0 71.8 68. 63.8 77.3 90.4 82.3 Per ct. 102. 1 109.3 84.4 122. 4 99.3 91.9 101.8 90.7 Balance. (1-4) 99.6 87.9 97.9 89.4 Grams. - 0.29 - 1.55 + 2.86 - 3.31 + .10 + 1.35 - .31 + 1.67 + 2.08 + .34 + 1.84 104.3 81.0 87.7 97.1 97.5 76.3 86.5 104.5 73.6 100.1 92.4 94.9 91.4 161.0 212. 4 66.0 87.9 78.6 79.9 83.7 99.4 93.7 + 4.26 + 1.42 - 0.55 + 3.11 + 2.10 + 4.66 + 1.55 4- 0.47 + .40 + 3.87 + 2.28 - .62 + 3.67 - .02 + 1.15 + .79 + 11.99 + 1.33 Borax admin- istered. Gram.'i. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 2.0 0.0 .0 .0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 - 2.89 - 7.36 + 5.38 + 2.13 + 3. .58 + 3.43 -t- 2.29 -t- .08 -I- 6.64 + .84 o Discarded. 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 19 bNo movement. 290 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LII. — Summary of nitrogen halances for Series IV. Three men. Period. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No. 8 { No. 9 Grams. 130.66 (147.37) 149. 86 139. 43 Crrams. 7.58 Gh-ams. Grams. 112.49 Per ct. 5.8 Per ct. ■(79:4) 85.8 95.2 Per ct. 86.1 Grams. +18.17 Grams. (116. 94) 128. 48 132. 76 11.48 12.28 139.96 145. 04 7.6 8.8 93.4 104.0 + 9.90 - 5.61 No. 10 Total 1 Average \ 419. 95 (436. 66) 18.26 (18.19) 31.34 397.49 7.5 ' (86."6) 94.7 +22.46 (378. 18) 1.36 17.28 + .98 (15. 76) Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 8 74.20 76.40 74.48 8.27 6.13 9.14 58.83 66.69 64.93 67.10 72.82 74.07 11.1 8.0 12.2 79.3 87.3 87.2 90.4 95.3 99.4 + 7.10 + 3.58 + .41 2.0 No. 9 2.0 No. 10 2.0 Total 22.5. 08 18.76 23.54 1.96 190. 45 15.87 213. 99 17.83 10.5 84.6 95.1 + 11.09 + .93 6 Average Second subperiod: No. 8 72. 60 74.97 73.55 5. 75 4.08 6.22 58.28 64.96 61.40 64.03 69.04 67.62 7.9 5.4 8.4 80.3 86.7 83.5 88.2 92.1 91.9 + 8.57 + .5.93 + 5.93 4 No. 9 4 No. 10 4 Total 221.12 18.43 16.05 1.34 184. 64 15.38 200.69 16. 72 7.3 83.5 90.8 +20.43 + 1.71 12 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: No. 8 146.80 151. 37 148. 03 14.02 10.21 15.36 117. 11 131.65 126. 33 131. 13 141. 86 141. 69 9.5 6.7 10.4 79.8 87.0 85.3 89.3 93.7 95.7 +15. 67 + 9.51 + 6.34 6 No. 9 6 No. 10 6 Total 446. 20 18.59 39.59 1.65 375.09 15.63 414. 68 17.28 8.9 84.0 92.9 +31. 52 + 1.31 18 Average Third subperiod: No. 8 91.04 90.33 89.79 6.12 6.56 7.84 74.73 84.26 73.16 80.85 90.82 81.00 6.7 7.2 8.7 82.1 93.3 81.5 88.8 100.5 90.2 +10.19 - .49 f 8.79 5 No. 9 5 No. 10 5 Total 271. 16 18.08 20.52 1.37 232. 15 15.47 252. 67 16.84 7.6 85.6 93.2 +18.49 + 1.24 15.0 Average Subperiodsl,2,and 3: No. 8 237.84 241. 70 237. 82 20.14 16.77 23.20 191. 84. 215.91 199. 49 211.98 232. 68 222. 69 8.5 6.9 9.8 80.6 89.3 83.8 89.1 96.2 93.6 +25. 86 + 9.02 +15. 13 11 No.9 No. 10 11.0 11 Total 717. 36 18.39 60.11 1.54 607.24 15.57 667.35 17.11 8.4 84.6 93.0 +50.01 + 1.28 33.0 Average Fourth subperiod: No.8 86.75 89.51 89.63 7.54 6.58 8.32 61.29 79.89 68.04 68.83 86.47 76.36 8.7 7.4 9.3 70.6 89.2 75.9 79.3 96.6 85.2 + 17.92 + 3.04 +13. 27 11.0 11.0 11.0 No.9 No. 10 Total 265. 89 17.73 22.44 1.49 209. 22 13.95 231. 66 15.44 8.4 78.7 87.1 +34.23 + 2.29 33.0 Average Entire preservative period: No.8 324.59 331. 21 327. 45 27.68 23.35 31.52 253.13 295.80 267. 53 280.81 319. 15 299. 05 8.5 7.1 9.6 78.0 89.3 81.7 86.5 96.4 91.3 +43. 78 +12. 06 +28. 40 22.0 22.0 22.0 No.9 No. 10 Total 983.25 18.21 82.55 1..53 816. 46 15.12 899.01 16.65 8.4 83.0 91.4 +84.24 + 1.56 66.0 Average After period. No.8 135.57 143.48 91.70 12. ,53 9.98 7.19 110. 74 131. 12 80.95 123. 27 141. 10 88.14 9.2 6.9 7.8 81.7 91.4 88.3 90.9 98.3 96.1 +12.30 + 2.38 + 3.56 No.9 No. 10 Total 370. 75 16.85 29.70 1.35 322. 81 14.67 352. 51 16.02 8.0 87.1 95.1 +18.24 + .83 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 291 Table LII. — Summary of nitrogen balances for Series IV — Continued. Two men. Period. 1 In food. o In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) o In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-Hl) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 9 Borax Balance. I ad- (1—4) 1 minis- , tered. Fore period. No. 11 No. 12 Grams. 40.01 45.% Grams. 2.68 4.41 f Grams. ' 42.91 36.89 Grams. 45.59 41.30 Pei- ct. 6.7 9.6 Perct. 107.2 80.3 Per ct. 113.9 89.9 Grams. - 5.58 + 4.66 Grams. Total Average 85.97 12.28 7.09 1.01 79.80 11.40 86. 89 12.41 8.2 92.8 101.1 - .92 — .13 Preservative period. No. 11 166. 20 139. 17 15.56 11.12 147. 75 116.06 163.31 127. 18 9.4 8.0 88.9 83.4 98.3 91.4 -r 2.89 14.5 No. 12 +11.99 13.0 Total 305.37 15.27 26.68 1.33 263.81 13.19 290. 49 14.52 8.7 86.4 95.1 +14.88 + .75 27.5 Average After period. No. 11 No. 12 120.36 105.83 8.38 12. 06 104.10 87.13 112.48 99.19 7.0 11.4 86.5 82.3 93.5 93.7 + 7.88 + 6.64 Total Average 226. 19 14.14 20.44 1.28 191.23 11.95 211. 67 13.23 9.0 84.5 93.6 +14.52 + .91 Five n len. Fore period. No.7 No.8 { No. 9 No. 10 No. 12 115. 46 130. 66 (147.37) 149.86 139. 43 129. 32 15. 66 7. .58 82.28 '"(iie'di) 128.48 132. 76 113.09 97.94 112.49 13.6 5.8 71.2 "(79:4) 85.8 95.2 87.5 S4.S 86.1 +17. 52 +18. 17 11.48 12. 28 15. 71 139.96 145. 04 128.80 7.6 8.8 12.1 93.4 104.0 99.6 + 9.90 + 5.61 + .52 Total 1 Average | 664.73 (681.44) 17.04 (17.04) 62.71 624. 23 9.4 "(84:2) 93.9 +40.50 (573.55) 1.61 16.01 + 1.03 (14.34) Preservative period. First .subperiod: No.7 No. « 60.27 74.20 76.40 74.48 .tO.89 10.64 8.27 6.13 9.14 6.39 46.43 58.83 66.69 64.93 40.24 57.07 67.10 72.82 74.07 46.63 17.7 11.1 8.0 ' 12.2 12. 5 77.0 79.3 87.3 87.2 79.2 94.7 90.4 95.3 99.4 91.7 + 3.20 2.0 + 7.10 2.0 No.9 No. 10 + 3.58 2.0 + .41 2.0 No.12 + 4.26 2.0 Total 336.24 17.70 40.57 2.14 277. 12 14.59 317.69 16.73 12.1 82.4 94.5 +18.55 1 10.0 .\verage + .97' 292 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series V. No. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Foreperiod. Chrams. Ch-ams. Grains. Grams. Per at. Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 25 18.03 17.65 17.66 16.63 17.60 17.57 17.00 1.18 .969 1.12 1.21 1.15 .989 2.07 17.07 17.20 16.91 16.51 16.38 17.60 17.10 18.25 18. 169 18.03 17.72 17.53 18.589 19.17 6.5 5.5 6.3 7.3 6.5 5.6 12.2 94.7 98.0 95.8 99.3 93.1 100.2 100.6 101.2 103.5 102.1 - 0.22 - .619 ~ .37 26 27 28 29 . . 106.6 - 1.09 99.6 :+ .07 105.8 :- 1.019 112.8 ;- 2.17 30 Total 122. 04 17.43 8.688 1.24 118. 77 16.97 127.46 18.21 7.1 97.3 104.4 - 5.42 - .78 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 18.22 19.03 20.11 17.84 17.20 19.91 17.61 17.74 19.60 18.34 19.15 17.43 2.17 .620 1.69 1.12 1.55 2.19 .993 1.75 2.00 1.29 1.57 1.18 17.25 18.09 16.72 16. 65 17.36 17.24 IB. 49 16.24 16.64 16.27 17.46 19.42 18. 710 18.41 17.77 18.91 19.43 17. 483 17.99 18.64 17.56 19.03 11.9 3.3 8.4 6.3 9.0 11.0 5.6 9.9 10.2 7.0 8.2 6.8 94.7 95.1 83.1 93.3 100.9 86.6 93.6 91.6 84.9 88.7 91.2 91.3 106.6 98.3 91.5 99.6 109.9 97.6 99.3 101.4 96.1 95.7 99.4 98.0 - 1.20 + .32 + 1.70 + .07 - 1.71 + .48 + .127 - .25 + .96 + .78 + .12 + .34 0.6 3 4 .6 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 .5 10 .6 11 .5 12 13 16. 91 17. 09 .5 Total 222.18 18.52 18.12 1.51 202. 32 16.86 220.44 18.37 8.2 91.1 99.2 + 1.74 + .15 6.0 107.2 105.4 104.4 89.2 98.4 100.7 85.3 93.6 107.0 101.8 99.9 103.0 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 18.00 17.02 18.07 18.90 17.96 18.08 20.50 19.57 18.19 18.55 18.52 18.31 1.28 1.94 1.80 .505 1.10 1.28 1.72 1.18 1.20 1.18 1.41 1.14 18.01 16.00 17.06 16.35 16.57 16.93 15.77 17.14 17.18 17.71 17.09 17.72 19.29 17.94 18.86 16.855 17.67 18.21 17.49 18. 32 18.38 18.89 18.50 18.86 7.1 11.4 10.0 ■ 2.7 6.1 7.1 8.4 6.0 6.6 6.4 7.6 6.2 100.1 94.0 94.4 86.5 92.3 93.6 76.9 87.6 94.4 95.5 92.3 96.8 - 1.29 - .92 - .79 + 2.045 + .29 - .13 + 3.01 + 1.25 - .19 - .34 + .02 - .55 0.5 15... .5 16 .6 17 .5 18 .5 19 .6 20 .5 21 5 22 .6 28 .5 24 .5 25 .5 Total 221. 67 18.46 15.73 1.31 203. 53 16.96 219.26 18.27 7.1 91.8 98.9 + 2.41 + .19 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 443.85 18.49 35.85 1.41 405.85 16.91 439. 70 18.32 7.6 91.4 99.1 + 4.15 + .17 12.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 19.48 17.93 17.98 19.05 20.03 (18.46) 19.65 18.47 18.78 20.73 19.98 19.05 1.73 1.00 1.58 1.27 1.21 Lost. 2.38 .348 1.53 1.35 1.63 1.44 16.95 18.20 17.44 17.12 17.43 (16.21) 17.44 17.74 17.47 19.06 17.20 18.29 18.68 19.20 19.02 18.39 18.64 8.9 .5.6 8.8 6.7 6.0 87.0 101.5 97.0 89.9 87.0 (87. 8) 88.8 96.0 93.0 91.9 86.1 96.0 95.9 107.1 105.8 96.5 93.1 + 0.80 - 1.27 - 1.04 + .66 + 1.39 0.5 27 .5 28 5 29 .6 30 5 31 .5 June 1 19.82 18.088 19.00 20.41 18.83 19.73 12.1 1.9 8.1 6.5 8.2 7.6 100.9 97.9 101.2 98.6 94.2 103.6 - .17 + 3.82 - .22 + .32 + 1.15 - .68 5 2 5 3 5 4 6 5 .5 6 5 Total i 211. 13 (229. 59) 19.19 (19.13) 15.47 209. 81 7.3 "(9i."7) 99.4 + 1.32 } 6.0 (210.55) Average J 1.41 19.07 + .12 (17. 55) 1 BORIC ACIB AND BORAX. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series V — Continued. 293 No. 1— Continued. Period and date. In food. I'reservative period — | Continued. Subperiods 1. 2. and 3: Total I .\veragc . Grains. 654.98 (673.44) 18.71 (18.71) In feces. In Grams. 49.32 In feces and urine. (2+3) 1.41 Grams. Grams. 649.51 (616.40) 18. 56 (17.12) In feces. (2-1) Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7..... 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 18.84 18.18 18.40 18.99 18.88 18.86 18.44 18.07 19.19 17.95 18.37 19.14 20. 35 17.29 1.18 1.38 1.67 1.64 1.78 2.18 1.72 .994 .875 1.98 1.57 2.00 2. .53 1..55 17.36 16.52 15. 51 16.40 17.17 17.18 17.87 17.74 17.93 17.57 16. 43 17. 20 16. r)9 15. 94 Total . . . . Average. 260. 95 18.64 23.019 1.646 237. 51 16.97 Entire preservative jieriod: (17.08) After jtcriod. 1903— June 21 . 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Total Average 18.78 18.48 18.79 17.47 18.76 17.62 (17.44) 20.61 18. 15 2.32 1.05 2.17 2.02 1.61 2.58 Lost. 1.63 1.49 148.66 14.87 (160.10) 18.58 1.8() (18.46) 17.54 15.58 16.37 17. hh 17. 12 15.91 (17.02) 17.22 18.00 (152.31) (16.92) 18.54 17.90 17.18 18.04 18.95 19. 36 19. .59 18.73 18.80 19.55 18.00 19.20 19.22 17.49 Per ct. 7.5 6 7 8 9 ,„ In feces Boric yj^i^g and JBalance. ^fi^ "") ^4^7) (l--*) Pei- ct. (91.5)1 Per ct. 99.2 Grams. + 5.47 ad- minis- tered. Grams. !■ 18.0 + .15 6.3 7.6 9.1 8.6 9.4 11.6 9.3 5.5 4.6 11.0 8.5 10.4 12.4 9.0 92.1 90.9 84.3 86.4 90.9 91.1 %.9 98.2 93.4 97.9 89.4 89.9 82.0 92.2 98.4 98.5 93.4 95.0 100.4 102.7 106.2 103.7 98.0 108.9 98.0 100.3 94.4 101.2 + 0.30 28 + 1.22 + .95 - .07 - .50 - 1.15 - .66 + .39 - 1.60 + .37 - .06 + 1.13 - .20 260. 55 18.61 91.0 .46 .03 910.06 7.9 18.57 (91.4) 99.4 + 5.87 + -12 19.86 16.63 18.54 19. 57 18.73 18.49 18.85 19.49 150.16 12.4 5.7 11.5 11.6 8.6 14.7 7.9 8.2 93.4 84.3 87.1 100.5 91.3 90.4 (97.6)' 83.6 i 99.2 105.8 90.0 98.7 112.0 99.8 105.1 91.5 107.4 10.0 , 101.0 (91.7) - 1.08 + 1.85 + .25 - 2.10 + .03 - .87 + 1.76 - 1.34 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 7.0 25.0 294 INFLUENCE OP FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series F— Continued. ISTo. 2. Period and date . 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Apr. 24 Grams. 16.33 18.44 16.47 17.14 Grams. 1.51 1.53 1.37 (a) Oi-ams. 14.11 15.58 14.06 15.13 (15. 04) 15.03 14.40 14.38 Grams. 15.62 17.11 15.43 15.13 Per ct. 9.2 8.3 8.3 Per ct. 86.4 84.5 85.4 88.3 94.1 87.3 90.6 87.6 Per ct. 95.6 92.8 93.7 88.3 Grams. + 0.71 + 1.33 + 1.04 + 2.01 Grams. 25 26 27 28 (15.99)i Lost. 29 17.21 15. 89 16.42 .773 .907 1.15 15.80 15.31 15.53 4.6 5.7 7.0 91.8 96.3 94.6 + 1.41 + .58 + .89 30 May 1 Total 1 Average | 117. 90 7. 240 109. 93 6.1 '"(87.'9J 93.2 + 7.97 (133. 89) 16.84 (16. 74) (117.73) 1.03 15.70 + 1.14 (14.72) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 16.28 17.15 20.39 16.27 18.25 18.79 14.36 16.52 17.16 16.93 18.24 15.26 1.43 1.51 .926 1.03 1.23 1.65 1.35 .982 1.24 1.57 1.30 1.14 15.09 14.71 16.62 14.70 16. 29 13.34 13.94 13.92 12.31 12.94 14.79 12.99 16.62 16.22 17. 55 15.73 17.52 14.99 15.29 14.90 13.55 14.51 16.09 14.13 8.8 8.8 4.5 6.3 6.7 8.8 9.4 6.9 7.2 9.3 7.1 7.5 92.7 85.8 81.5 90.3 89.3 71.0 97.1 84.3 71.7 76.4 81.1 85.1 101.5 94.6 86.1 96.7 96.0 79.8 106.6 90.2 79.0 85.7 88.2 92.6 - 0.24 + .93 + 2.84 + .54 + .73 + 3.80 - .93 + 1.62 + 3.61 + 2.42 + 2.15 + 1.13 0.5 3 5 4 6 5 .6 6 7 .5 5 8 5 9 .5 10 .5 11..... 12 .5 .5 13 . . 5 Total 205. 60 17.13 15. 358 1.28 171. 64 14.30 187. 00 15.58 7.5 83.5 91.0 +18. 60 + 1.55 6.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 16.82 15.01 17.74 14.63 16.97 14.99 16.03 20.80 15.06 16.26 12.71 15.35 1.31 1.41 1.27 1.02 1.22 1.76 1.07 1.09 1.07 1.61 1.04 1.22 14.18 13.37 15.12 13.26 14.41 13.16 14.06 12.78 12.52 13.92 12.46 12. 71 15.49 14.78 16.39 14.28 15. 63 14.92 15.13 13.87 13.59 15.53 13.60 13.93 7.8 9.4 7.2 7.0 7.2 11.7 6.7 5.2 7.1 9.9 8.2 7.9 84.3 89.1 85.2 90.6 84.9 87.8 87.7 61.4 83.1 85.6 98.0 82.8 92.1 98.5 92.4 97.6 92.1 99.6 94.4 66.7 90.2 95.5 106.2 90.7 + 1.33 + .23 + 1.36 + .36 + 1.34 + .07 + .90 + 6.93 + 1.47 + .73 - .79 + 1.42 0.5 15 5 16 .5 17 .5 18 5 19 5 20 .5 21.. 5 22 .5 23 .5 24.. 6 25 .5 Total 192.37 16.03 15.09 1.26 161. 95 13.50 177. 04 14.75 7.8 84.2 92.0 +16.33 + 1.28 6 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 397. 97 16.58 30.448 1.27 333.59 13.90 364. 04 15.17 7.7 83.8 91.5 +33.93 + 1.41 12 Average Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 15.76 15.26 14.06 14.28 16.29 13.89 15.00 13.60 8.68 11.19 8.16 10.92 1.55 1.07 1.82 .624 .994 .987 1.67 .941 1.15 .893 .632 1.34 13.87 13.78 11.89 13.58 14.34 13.80 13.04 11.34 11.00 10.68 9.85 12.24 15.42 14.86 13.71 14.20 15.33 14.79 14.71 12.28 12. 15 11.57 10.48 13.58 9.8 7.0 12.9 4.4 6.1 7.1 11.1 6.9 13.2 8.0 7.7 12.3 88.0 90.3 84.6 95.1 88.0 99.3 86. & 83.4 126.7 95.4 120.7 112.1 97.8 97.3 97.5 99.4 94.1 106.6 98.1 90.3 140.0 103.4 128.4 124.4 + 0.34 + .41 + .35 + .08 + .96 - .90 + .29 + 1.32 - 3.47 - .38 - 2.32 - 2.66 5 27 5 28 6 29 5 30 5 31 .6 June 1 6 2 3 .5 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 Total 157.09 13.09 13.67 1.14 149. 41 12.45 163.07 13.59 8.7 96.1 103.8 - 5.98 - .50 6 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 295 Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series T— -Continued. No. 2— Continued. 1 Period and date. In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Preservative period- Continued. Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total Average Crrams. bob. 06 15. 42 Grams. 44.12 1.23 Grams. 483.00 13. 42 Grams. 527. 11 14.64 Per ct. 7.9 Per ct. 87.0 Per ct. 96.0 Grams. +27.96 + .78 Grams. 18.0 Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 10.28 11.78 10.30 11.91 11.81 11.82 12.23 11.41 14.92 11.86 13.21 12.01 13. 45 12.38 1.19 .307 1.56 .834 .760 .846 1.07 .399 .982 .954 1.55 1.35 1.50 2.69 9.71 10.14 8.77 10.43 10.90 9.94 11.16 10. 82 10.10 13.67 12.42 12.68 12.30 12. 12 10.90 10.45 10.33 11.26 11.66 10.78 12.23 11.22 11.08 14.62 13.97 14.03 13.80 14.81 11.6 2.6 15.1 7.0 6.4 7.1 8.7 3.5 6.6 8.0 11.7 11.2 11.2 21.7 94.4 86.1 85.1 87.6 92.3 84.1 91.2 94.8 67.7 115.3 94.0 106. 6 91.4 97.9 106.0 88.7 100.3 94.5 98.7 91.2 100.0 98.3 74.3 123.3 105.8 116.8 102.6 119.6 - 0.62 + 1.33 - .03 + .65 + .15 + 1.04 ± .00 + .19 + 3.84 - 2.76 - .76 - 2.02 - .35 - 2.43 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Total Average Entire preservative period: Total Average After period. 1903— June 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 169.37 15.991 155.16 12.10 1.14 11.08 171. 14 12.22 9.4 91.6 101.0 - 1.77 — .12 2.5 724.43 60.111 ' 638.16 14.49 1.20 ' 12.76 698. 26 13.97 8.3 88.1 96.4 +26. 18 + .52 20.5 11.67 14.35 13.91 17.03 18.09 16.18 17.49 18. 64 19.29 1.11 1.34 1.41 2.10 1.76 1.17 1.55 1.01 .878 12.27 12.00 12.00 13.73 14.13 13.89 16.82 15.05 14.70 13.38 13.34 13.41 15.83 15.89 15.06 18.37 16.06 15.58 9.5 9.3 10.1 12.3 9.7 7.2 8.9 5.4 4.6 105.1 83.6 86.3 80.6 78.1 a6.8 96.2 80.7 76.2 114.7 93.0 96.4 93.0 87.8 93.1 105.0 86.2 80.8 - 1.71 + 1.01 + .50 + 1.20 + 2.20 + 1.12 - .88 + 2.58 + 3.71 28 29 Total Average 146.65 16.29 12.328 1.37 124.59 13.84 136.92 15.21 8.4 85.0 93.4 + 9.73 + 1.08 296 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEBVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series V — Continued. ISTo. .3- Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Apr 24 Orams. (12.46) 12.91 13.37 14.14 15.37 13.51 13.99 14.32 Grams. Lost. 0.811 1.80 .605 2.36 1.42 1.11 2.14 Grams. (n.48) 11.14 15.14 13.59 15.97 13.35 12.88 11.76 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (92.1) 86.3 113.2 96.1 103.9 98.8 92.1 82.1 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 25 11.95 16.94 14. 20 18.33 14.77 13.99 13.90 6.3 13.5 4.3 15.4 10.5 7.9 14.9 92.6 126. 7 100 4 119. 2 109.3 100.0 97.1 + 0.96 - 3.57 - .06 - 2.96 - 1.26 ± .00 + .42 26 27 . ... 28 29 30 Total 1 Average I 97.61 (110.07) 13.94 (13.76) 10. 246 104. 08 10.5 ■■(95."7J 106.6 - 6.47 (105.31) 1.47 14.87 - .93 (13.16) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 14.82 14.61 [15. 93] 13.11 14.03 16.45 14.77 17.58 19.01 16.94 18.64 15. 20 1.25 1.57 [1.45] 1.13 .947 1.64 1.28 1.42 1.34 1.10 2.20 1.45 13.53 n.56 Lost. 12.72 12.30 13.03 11.73 12.64 13.16 12.82 12.42 11.59 14.78 13.12 "is." 85' 13.25 14.67 13.01 14.06 14.50 13.92 14. 62 13.04 8.4 10.8 [9.1] 8.6 6.7 10.0 8.7 8.1 7.0 6.5 1L8 9.5 91.3 79.6 99.7 90.4 + 0.04 + 1.39 0.5 3 4 .5 .5 5 6 7 97.0 87.7 79.2 79.4 71.9 69.2 75.7' 66.6 76.2 105.6 94.4 89.2 88.1 80.0 76.3 82.2 78.3 85.8 - .74 + .78 + 1.78 + 1.76 + 3.52 + 4.51 + 3.02 + 4.02 + 2.16 .5 .5 .5 8 . .. .5 9 .5 10 .5 11 12 13 .5 .5 .5 Total 1 Average ■{ 175.06 [190. 99] 15.91 [15. 92] 137. 49 152. 82 "■■■[8.'8] 78.5 87.3 +22. 24 6.0 [16. 777] 12. 50 13.89 + 2.02 "[1.40] Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 16.33 14.97 15.98 16.37 15.53 14.35 17.68 16.97 15. 65 17.21 15.35 17.32 1.70 1.31 1.38 1.99 1.05 1.47 .962 1.44 2.08 1.41 1.67 1.56 12.77 13.10 13.69 15. 72 12.75 11.50 13.86 15.76 13.10 12. 34 12.60 13.63 14.47 14.41 15.07 17.71 13.80 12. 97 34.82 17.20 15.18 13.75 14.27 15.19 10.4 8.8 8.6 12.2 6.8 10.2 5.4 8.5 13.3 8.2 10.9 9.0 78.2 87.5 85.7 96.0 82.1 80.1 78.4 92.9 83.7 71.7 82.1 78.7 88.6 96.2 94.3 108.2 88.9 90.4 83.8 101.4 97.0 79.9 93.0 87.7 + 1.86 + .56 + .91 - 1.34 + 1.73 + 1.38 + 2.86 - .23 + .47 + 3.46 + 1.08 + 2.13 0.5 15 .5 16 .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 .5 20.. .5 21 .5 22 .5 23 .5 24 .5 25 .5 Total 193. 71 16.14 18. 022 1.50 160. 82 13.40 J78. 84 14.90 9.3 83.0 92.3 + 14.87 + 1.24 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 Average | 368. 77 [384. 70] 16.03 [16.03] 298. 31 331. 66 "■"■[9.'6]" 80.9 89.9 +37. 11 12.0 [34. 799] 12.97 14.42 + 1.61 [1.45] ^ Third subperiod: 1903— Mav 26. ■ 27 17.47 15.14 15.63 16.67 18.55 (14.81) 16.57 15.53 16.63 17.54 16.98 15.78 1.93 1.41 2.44 1.37 2.24 Lost. 2.23 .772 1.30 1.47 1.36 1.43 13.65 13.38 14.44 9.94 17.55 (15.03) 14.99 13.62 13.68 13. 59 11.15 13.54 15. 58 14.79 16.88 11.31 19.79 11.0 9.3 15.6 8.2 12.1 78.1 88.4 92.4 59.6 94.6 (101.5) 90.5 87.7 82.3 77.5 05.7 85.8 89.2 97.7 108.0 67.8 106.7 + 1.89 + .35 - 1.25 + 5.36 - 1.24 0.5 .5 28 .5 29. ... .5 30 .5 31 .5 June 1 17.22 14.39 14.98 15. 06 12. .51 14.97 13.5 5.0 7.8 8.4 8.0 9.1 103.9 92.7 90.1 85.9 73.7 94.9 - .65 + 1.14 + 1.65 + 2.48 + 4.47 + .81 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 5 .5 .5 6 .5 f 182.49 (197. 30) 16.59 (16.44) 17.952 167. 48 9.8 ■■(83.'4) 91.8 +15. 01 6.0 Total ■ (164. 56) Average \ 1.63 15.23 + 1.36 (13.71) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 297 Table LIII. — Xitrogen halances for Series ]' — Continued. No. 3 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4 + 1) 8 Balance. (1-4) , 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Preservative period— Continued. Subperiods 1, i. and 3: 1 Grams. 551.26 Grams. Grams. Grams. 499. 14 Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. 90.5 Grams. +52. 12 Grams. 18 Total ■! (566.07) [.567. 19] 16. 21 (16.17) [16. 21] (462. 87) (81.8) 1 [52. 751] [9.3] 14.68 + 1.53 Averafje \ (13.22) ri..5ii 1 1 Fourth subperiod: 1903 — j\ine 7 15.58 0.678 15.03 1.93 15.84 1.36 15.93 ' 1.39 14.13 14.81 13. 03 14. 96 12. 22 13. 58 4.4 12.8 S.6 8.7 10.4 .5.3 10.7 10.5 6.2 13.1 9.3 14.2 3.4 15.5 90.7 86.7 77.1 71.4 80.5 89.1 89.3 102.4 84.0 93.9 76.8 77.4 81.5 81.1 95.1 99.5 8.5.7 80.1 90.9 94.5 100.0 113.0 90.2 107.0 86.1 91.6 84.9 96.6 + 0.77 + .07 + 2.26 + 3.17 + 1.52 + .83 - .01 - 1.85 + 1.64 - 1.04 + 2.50 + 1.42 + 2.47 + .55 5 « 5 9 10 11.37 13.44 13.39 14.14 12. 76 15. 17 14.19 1,5.84 5 11 12 16.69 15.02 15.83 1.73 .796 1.70 .5 5 13 .5 14 14.23 1.50 16.65 1 1.03 14.85 ' 1.94 18.02 1 1.68 16.93 1 2.41 16.39 1 ..557 16.22 1 2.51 14.58 1 16.08 13.98 ! 15.01 13.95 1.5.89 13.84 1.5. .52 .5 15 16 .5 .5 17 . . .5 18 13.10 13.36 13. 16 15. 51 13.92 15. 67 .5 19 20 .5 .5 Total 223. 21 15.94 21.211 1..52 187. 69 13.41 208.91 14.92 9.5 84.1 93.6 +14.30 + 1.02 7.0 Entire preservative period: 1 774. 47 (789.281 [790. 40] 16. 13 (16.11) [16.13] 708.05 91.4 +66.42 25. Total \ (650.56) 82.4 [73.962] 9.4 1 U. 7.5 + 1.38 Average \ (13.28) ri..5n Aflfr period. 190:t— .lune 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 15.87 15. 71 19.61 16. 29 18.93 19. 12 17.85 21.89 17.16 1..52 1.66 1.12 2.67 2.43 1.97 1.59 2. 25 1.13 14.34 10.98 14.82 14.66 13.86 14.80 14. 31 14.46 14.57 15. 86 12. 64 15.94 17.33 16. 29 16.77 15.93 16.71 15. 70 9.6 10.5 •5.7 16.4 12.8 10. 3 8.9 10.3 6.6 90.4 69.9 75.6 90.0 73.2 77.4 80.3 60. 1 84.9 99.9 80.6 81.3 106.3 8t). 1 87.7 89.2 76.3 91.5 4 0.01 + 3.07 + 3.67 - 1.04 + 2.64 + 2. 35 + 1.92 + 5.18 + 1.46 Total Average 162. 43 18.05 16.34 1.82 126. 83 14.09 143. 17 15. 91 10.1 78.1 88.2 + 19.26 + 2. 14 298 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series V — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. S In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903 — Apr 24 Orams. 16.49 13.47 13.69 14.96 14.62 9.67 14.94 12.83 Orams. 1.08 (") 1.78 1.60 1.40 1.07 1.68 2.72 Grams. 12.07 13.78 12.88 15.47 15.47 13.16 13.61 15.82 Grams. 13.15 13.78 14.66 17.07 16.87 14. 23 15.29 18.54 Per ct. 6.5 '"is.'o" 10.7 9.6 11.1 11.2 21.2 Per ct. 73.2 102.3 94.1 103.4 105.8 136. 1 91.1 123. 3 Per ct. 79.7 102.3 107.1 114.1 115.4 147.2 102.3 144.5 Grams. + 3.34 - .31 - .97 - 2.11 - 2.25 - 4.66 - .35 + 6.71 Grams. 25 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 Total 110.67 13.83 11.33 1.42 112. 26 14.03 123. 59 15.46 10.2 101.4 111.7 -12.92 - 1.62 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 15.66 15. 66 17.60 15.91 15.91 16. 48 11.88 14.29 15.19 14.88 15.88 12.59 (a) 2.11 1.05 2.00 1.04 1.51 1.62 2.08 .724 1.60 1.82 1.39 12.59 12.34 14.38 12.10 15.01 12.38 13.07 12.62 12.80 12.87 13.74 12.81 12.59 14.45 15.43 14.10 16.05 13.89 14.69 14.60 13.52 14.47 16.56 14.20 "'is.h' 6.0 12.6 6.5 9.8 13.6 14.6 4.8 10.8 11.5 11.0 80.4 78.8 81.7 76.1 94.3 80.0 110.0 87.6 84.3 86.5 86.5 101.7 80.4 92.3 87.7 88.6 100.9 89.7 123.6 102.2 89.0 97.2 98.0 112.8 + 3.07 + 1.21 + 2.17 + 1.81 - .14 + 1.69 - 2.81 - .31 + 1.67 + .41 + .32 - 1.61 0.5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 .5 10 .6 11 .6 12 .6 13 .6 Total 180. 93 15.08 16.94 1.41 156. 61 13.06 173. 55 14.46 9.4 86.6 95.9 + 7.38 + .62 6.0 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 16.67 15.01 17.06 16.07 16.89 15.31 19.27 17.18 16.69 16.05 16.04 15.55 1.88 .741 2.03 1.46 1.50 3.66 («) .465 2.62 2.39 1.65 1.24 15.81 12.10 16.44 14.32 16. 12 14.96 13.06 14.56 14.70 16.25 14.40 14.68 17.69 12.84 17.47 15.78 17. 62 18.62 13.06 15.02 17.32 17.64 15.95 15.92 11.3 4.9 11.9 9.1 8.9 23.9 "'"'2.'7" 15.7 14.9 9.7 8.0 94.8 80.6 90.5 89.1 95.4 97.7 67.8 84.7 88.1 95.0 89.8 94.4 106.1 86.6 102.4 98.2 104.3 121.6 67.8 87.4 103.8 109.9 99.4 102.4 - 1.02 + 2.17 - .41 + .29, - .73 - 3.31 + 6.21 + 2.16 - .63 - 1.59 + .09 - .37 0.5 16 .5 16 .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 .6 20 .6 21 .6 22 .5 23 .5 .24 .5 25. .6 Total 197. 79 16.48 19.536 1.63 175. 40 14.62 194. 93 16.24 9.9 88.7 98.6 + 2.86 + .24 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 378.72 15.78 36.476 1.52 332.01 13.82 368.48 15.35 9.6 87.7 97.3 +10.24 + .43 12.0 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 299 Table LIU. — Nitrogen balances for ISeries T"— Continued. No. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. 8 3 In feces. ^^^^ 4 In feces and urine. (2-^3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— .\pr. 24 Oram.'!. 18. 38 18.64 17.08 16.46 17.87 17. 72 18.13 17.10 Crrams. 1.52 .515 2.05 2.28 («) .993 1.45 1.79 Grams. 14.70 16.88 16.36 16. 55 16.14 16.86 17. 51 17.00 (reams. 16.22 17.40 18.41 18 83 Per ct. 8.3 2.8 12.0 ia Per ct. 80.0 90.6 95.8 100.5 90.3 95.1 96.6 99.4 Per ct. 88.2 93.3 107.8 114.4 90.3 100.7 104.6 109.9 Grams. + 2.16 + 1.24 1.33 - 2.37 -1- 1.73 - .13 - .83 - 1.69 Grams. 25 26 27 28 16.14 17 85 i s fi 29 30 18.96 18.79 8.0 10.5 Mav 1 Total 141.38 ' 10.60 17.67 I 1.32 132. 00 16.50 142. 60 17. 83 7.5 93.4 100.9 - 1.22 - .16 Average '. . . . Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 . 18 25 0.773 .691 2.12 1.16 .580 1.49 1.65 2.22 1.97 .981 1.52 2.79 17.01 17. 22 16.73 16.63 16. 65 16.68 16.72 15.33 15.14 16.17 14.74 16. 32 17.78 17.91 18.85 17.79 17.23 18.17 18.37 17.55 17.11 17.15 16.26 19.11 4.2 3.8 10.3 6.4 3.1 7.3 9.4 11.7 9.9 4.5 7.4 16.2 93.2 94.6 81.3 77.9 88.8 81.7 95.5 80.5 76.2 73.9 71.6 95.0 97.4 98.4 91.6 83.3 91.9 89.0 105.0 92.0 86.1 78.3 79.0 111.2 + 0.47 + .29 -f 1.72 + 3. ^7 + 1.52 + 2.24 - .87 + 1.50 + 2.76 -t- 4.74 -f- 4.33 - 1.93 0.5 3 18.20 4 20.57 21.30 18.75 20. 41 17.50 19. 05 19.87 21.89 20. 59 17.18 5... . 6 ^ 8 5 9 5 10. 5 11 5 12 5 13 . 5 Total Average 233.62 17.95 19.47 ' 1.50 195. 34 16.28 213. 28 17.77 7.7 83.6 91.3 -H20. 34 + 1.70 6.0 Second subperiod : 1903— Mav 14 19.90 ; (a) 17 71 1 92 15.22 14.74 16.56 17.34 16. 74 15. 26 15.84 16.76 13. 89 15.44 16.80 (14.43) 15. 22 16.66 19.12 17.34 17.43 15.26 18.38 16.76 16.34 18.47 18.12 "'io.'s' 14.2 ""i'.'i "'ii.'o' ""ii.'s' 16.3 7.6 76.5 83.2 91.6 87.4 107.8 88.0 68.8 85.2 80.9 83.0 96.0 (76.3) 76.5 94.1 105.8 87.4 112.2 88.0 79.9 85.2 96.2 99.3 103.5 -1- 4.68 + 1.05 - 1.05 -f 2.49 - 1.90 -1- 2.08 + 4.63 + 2.91 + .83 + .13 - .62 5 15 fi 16 • 18.07 1 2. .56 19.83 («) 15.53 .686 17.34 (a) 23. 01 2. 54 5 17 .5 18 ft 19 .5 20 .5 21 19.67 17.17 18.60 17.50 (18.91) («) 2. 45 3.03 1.32 Lost. .6 22 23 .5 24 .5 2.'> .5 Total 1 Average i 204.33 (223.24) 18.58 (18.60) 14.51 189.10 7.1 ■■(84:7) 92.5 + 15.23 \ 0.0 (189.02) 1.32 17.19 + 1.39 (15. 75) Slibjierifuls 1 and 2: Total 1 Average | 437. 95 (456.86) 19.04 (19.04) 32.45 402.38 7.4 ■■(M.'i) 91.9 +35.57 [ 12.0 (384.36) 1.41 17.49 + 1.65 (16.02) Third Hubpt;rio . 1 ( 91.55 (10.5.44) 13.08 (13. 18) 9.64 91.51 10.5 "'(85.'4) 100. + . 04 Total (90.08) 1 1.38 13.07 + .01 Average (11.26) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 12.89 15. 37 13.77 14.13 14.97 14. .54 13.62 13.91 15. 31 14.99 14.22 13.17 1.81 1.99 1.42 1.00 1.57 2.69 (a) 2.86 2.05 .522 1.04 1.59 12. 13 12.46 11.36 10.53 11.35 11.30 11.03 12.54 11.69 11.95 11.42 12.14 13.94 14.45 12. 78 11.53 12.92 13.99 11.03 15.40 13.74 12.47 12.46 13.73 14.0 12.9 10.3 7.1 10.5 18.5 '""•io.'e" 13.4 3.5 7.3 12.1 94.1 81.1 82. 5 74.5 75.8 77.7 81.0 90.1 76.4 79.7 80.3 92.2 108.1 94.0 92.8 81.6 86.3 96.2 81.0 110.7 89.7 83.2 87.6 104.2 - 1.05 + .92 + .99 + 2.60 + 2.05 + .55 + 2.59 - 1.49 + 1.57 + 2,52 + 1.76 - .56 5 3 4 5 6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 8 9 10 11 12 13 .0 .0 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 170. 89 14.24 18. 542 1.55 139.90 11.66 158.44 13.20 10.9 81.9 92.7 +12.45 + 1.04 5.0 .-econd subperiod: 1903— Mavl4 15 14.06 13.37 13.46 14.43 14.04 14.41 16. :« 14.82 16.20 14.11 14. 58 14. 21 1.35 2.34 1.29 .528 1.68 2.12 1.77 1.93 1.39 1.53 2.09 1.20 10.98 10.85 12. 15 13.74 11.52 12.01 11.55 12.69 13.17 13.08 12.50 12.19 12.33 13.19 13.44 14.27 13.20 14.13 13.32 14.62 14.56 14.61 14.59 13.39 . 9.6 17.5 9.6 3.7 12.0 14. r 10.8 13.0 8.6 10.8 14.3 8.4 78.1 81.1 90.3 9.5.2 82.1 83. 3 70.5 8,5.6 81.3 92.7 8,5.7 «5. 8 87.7 98.6 99.9 98.9 94.0 98.1 81.3 98.6 89.9 103.5 100.1 94.2 + 1.73 + .18 + .02 + .16 + .84 + .28 + 3.06 + .20 + 1.64 - ..50 - .01 + .82 0.5 .5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 174.07 14.. 51 19.218 1.60 146. 43 12.20 165.65 13.80 11.0 8J.1 95.2 + 8.42 + .71 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 344.96 14.. 37 37.76 1.57 286.33 11.93 324.09 13.50 10.9 83.0 94.0 +20.87 + .87 11.0 .Vverage Third subr>f.'rif>d: 1903— Mav 26 13.01 13. 24 14.68 15.57 14.39 12.53 12.42 14. .54 16.02 16.16 15. 46 13. 68 1.02 (°) 3.20 3.07 .642 1.30 2.07 2.16 1.70 1.03 1.72 .93:1 12.64 11.97 13.09 11.53 14.95 10.73 12.81 13.45 11.68 13.04 12.5«i 12.38 13.66 11.97 16.29 14.60 15. 592 12.03 14.88 15.61 13.38 14.07 14.28 13.313 7.8 '"2i.'8' 19.7 4.5 10.4 16.6 14.9 10.6 6.4 11.1 6.8 97.2 90.4 89. 2 74.1 103.9 85. 6 103.1 92.5 , 72.9 80.7 81.2 90.5 105.0 90.4 111.0 93.8 108.4 96.0 119.8 107.4 83.5 87.1 92.4 97.3 - .65 + 1.27 - 1.61 + .97 - 1.202 + .50 - 2.46 - 1.07 + 2.64 + 2.09 + 1. 18 + .367 0.5 27 28 29 30 31 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 2 3 .5 .5 4 .5 .5 .5 6 .5 Total 171.70 14.31 18. 845 1.57 1.50. 83 12.57 169.676 14.14 11.0 87.8 98.8 + 2.026 + .17 6.0 1 a No movement. 302 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIII. — Nitrogen balances for Series F^Continued. USTo. 6 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (1-4) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Preservative period— Continued. Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total Grams. 516. 66 14.35 Grains. 56. 605 Grams. 4,37.16 Grams. 493. 765 13.72 Per ct.- 11.0 Per at. 84.6 Per ct. 9.5 fi Grams. +22. 895 + .63 Grams. 17 1.57 1 12.14 Fourth subperiod: 1903 — June 7 14.54 13.46 14.86 14.64 15.14 13.03 12.63 13.04 15.09 14.09 13.91 14.12 (11.23) (13.30) 2.00 i 12.38 1.96 i 11.09 1. 96 1 12. 71 .714 1 13.15 1.26 ' 11 38 14.38 13.05 14.67 13.86 12.64 14.98 13.65 14.79 14.42 13.96 11.18 16.39 13.8 14.6 13.2 4.9 8.3 14.0 9.0 16.6 9.7 10.5 '"'25.'7' 85.1 82.4 85.5 89.8 76.2 101.0 99.0 96.8 85.9 88.6 80.4 90.4 (84.9) (97.7) 98.9 97.0 98.7 94.7 83.5 115.0 108.1 113.4 95.6 99.1 80.4 116.1 + 0.16 + .41 + .19 + .78 + 2. .50 - 1.95 - 1.02 - 1.75 + .67 + .13 + 2.73 - 2.27 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 1.82 • 1.14 2.16 1.46 1.48 C) 3.63 Lost. Lost. 13.16 12. 51 12.63 12.96 12. 48 11.18 12.76 (9.54) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (13.00) Total 1 168. 55 (193.08) 14.05 (13.79) 19.584 167. 97 11.6 ■■(88.'5) 99.7 + .58 } » (170.93) Average | 1.63 14.00 + .05 (12.21) Entire preservative period: Total 1 685. 21 76. 189 661. 735 11.1 ■■(85.'7) 96.6 +23.475 \ 19.5 (709.74) (608.09) Average i 14.28 (14.19) 1.59 13.79 + .49 (12.16) After period. 1903— June 21 14.44 14. 65 14.08 14.35 15.40 14.01 14.23 17.62 14.81 1.53 2.97 1.88 2.91 (a) 1.85 3.87 1.35 («) 13.00 12.81 12.97 11.77 13.61 10.56 12.32 12.11 10.62 14.53 15.78 14.85 14.68 13.61 12.41 16.19 13.46 10.62 10.6 20.3 13.4 20.3 "'i3.'2' 27.2 7.7 90.0 87.4 92.1 82.0 88.4 75.4 86.6 68.7 71.7 100.6 107.7 105.5 102.3 88.4 88.6 113.8 76.4 71.7 - .09 - 1.13 - .77 - .33 + 1.79 + 1.60 - 1.96 + 4.16 + 4.19 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Total 133. 59 14.84 16.36 1.82 109. 77 12. 20 126. 13 14.01 12.2 82.2 94.4 + 7.46 + .83 Average a No movement. BUKK" ACID AND BOKAX. 303 Table LIV. — SaiiDiiari/ of nitrogen balances for ISeries V T'hree inen. 1 Period. 1 In food. In fece.s. 3 3In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Xo. 1 Granu. 122.04 97.61 (110.07) 141.38 Grams. 8.69 10.25 Grams. 118.77 Grams. 127. 46 Per ct. 7.1 10.5 Perct. 97.3 "(95." 7) 93.4 Per ct. 104.4 106.6 Grams. - 6.42 - 6.47 Grams No. 3 1 Xo..T " "(i05.3i) 104.08 10.60 132. 00 142. 60 7.6 100.9 - 1. 22 Total 1 Average | 361.03 (37.^.4)) 16.41 (16.24) 29.54 374.14 8.2 "(95." 3) 103.6 - 13.11 (3.56.08) 1.34 17.00 - .60 (15.48) Preservative period. First subperiod: Xo.l ( 222. 18 175. 06 [190. 99] 233. 62 18. 12 202. 32 137. 49 220. 44 152.82 8.2 ■■■[8." 8] 1.1 91.1 78.5 99.2 87.3 + 1.74 + 22.24 6.0 1 6.0 6.0 No. 3 ^ No. f> [16. 78J 17.94 195. 34 213.28 83.6 91.3 + 20.34 ( 630. 86 [646. 79] 18.02 [17. 97] 535. 15 586.54 """[8:2]" 84.8 93.0 + 44.32 18.0 Total ■ [52.84] ( 15.29 16.76 + 1.26 Average ! ri.47i Second !'ubperio 16.491 + .964 Average < (14.955) [1.439] '- Preservative period: 1,246.47 (1, 299. 56) [1, 262. 45] 409.80 (448.96) 769. 33 (785. 05) 983. 25 2,581.74 (2,633.92) [2,597.67] 1,144.50 91.8 +101. 97 (1,068.77) (82.2) ' 1 [121. 181] 47.15 [9.6] 11.5 Ila 1 ■" { IV 365. 04 "'(78.''5) ■■(87.'3; 83.0 89.1 + 44.76 (351.11) 64. 532 738. 34 8.4 96.0 + 30.99 (685. 73) 816. 46 82.55 899. 01 2,472.01 8.4 91.4 95.7 + 84.24 1 +109. 73 V (2,306.31) (87.6) 1 [212. 82] "[8.2] f 5,580.79 (5, 701. 78) [5, 612. 70] 17.44 (17.44) [17.43] 5,253.86 94.1 + 326.93 Total \ (4,877.27) (85. 5) [481. 083] [8.6] [ 16. 42 + 1.02 Averag-e ■! (14.92) [1. 494] ^ After period: [ 986.66 (1, 006. 56) [1,004.18] 886. 24 89.8 +100. 42 Series I < (808. 35) (80.3) [96. 213] [9.5] Ila ! 501. 31 (564.02) [518. 66] 370. 75 473. 38 (490. 82) 422. 53 84.3 + 78.78 Ill J (429. 75) (76.2) [37.714] 29. 70 44.79 [7.3] 8.0 9.5 IV 322. 81 352. 61 445. 44 87.1 ■"(85."i) 95.1 94.1 + 18.24 V { + 27.94 (417.67) 2, 332. 10 (2, 432. 15) [2,366.97] 17.53 (17.50) [17. 53] 2, 106. 72 90.3 +225. 38 Total J (1,978.58) (81.4) [207. 417] [8.8] 15. 84 + 1.69 Average \ (14.23) [1. 536] oThis series not included in total; all members ill in the after period. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 307 PHOSPHORIC-ACID TABI.ES. Table LVI. — Phogphoric-aeid balances for Series I. ]sro. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. o In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. ForejKfiod. 1902— Dec. 16 Grams. 4.814 4. 603 5. 746 Grams. 2. 629 2. 0.50 1.861 1.922 3.604 1.946 Grams. 2.842 2. 329 2.654 2. 464 1 5.265 Grams. 5.471 4.379 4. .515 4.386 10.815 Per ct. 54.6 44.5 32.4 39.0 57.4 Per ct. 59.0 50.6 46.2 50.0 54.5 Per ct. 113.6 95.1 78.6 89.0 111.9 Grains. -0.6.57 + .224 +1. 231 + .541 -1. 1.52 Grams. 17 . 18 ^- 19.:;...:.;:: 4.927 20 4.6.53 5.010 21 Total 29.7.53 4.959 14.012 2.335 15. 5.54 2.692 29. 566 4. 927 47.1 .52. 3 99.4 + .187 + .032 Average Preservative peruid. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 4.735 4.550 4.240 4.830 5.320 2. 402 .943 1.915 1.996 1.632 2. 816 2.675 3.073 3.146 2 639 5.218 3.618 4.988 5.142 d 971 50.7 20.7 45.1 41.3 30.7 ■59.5 58.8 72.5 66.2 49.6 110. 2 79.5 117.6 106.5 80.3 -0. 483 + .932 - .748 - .312 +1.049 1.0 1 24 1 25 1 26 1 Total 23.675 4.7.35 8.888 1.778 14. 349 2. 869 23. 237 4.647 37.5 60.6 98.1 + .438 + .088 5 Average Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 4.924 2.168 1.826 1.557 Lo.st. 8.234 2.455 2.596 (2.568) 5.402 4.281 4.153 44.0 36.5 28.3 65.7 49.1 47.3 (49.0) 109.7 8.5.6 75.6 -0. 478 + .719 +1.337 2 28 29 30 Total 1 .5.000 .5.490 (5. 240) 2.0 2.0 2.0 15.414 on KA\ 5. .551 '(i6;8.53) 13. 836 36.0 "(62. .5) 89.8 +1.578 1 8.0 "^'■^'^^^ { f:5:lfi4. 1.850 4.612 + .526 (2.713) Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 1903— .Jan. 1 2 3 Total Average 3.91 3. 57 3.20 2.98 1.474 .899 2.130 1.830 2.142 2.693 2.480 3.001 3. 616 3. .592 4.610 4. 831 37.7 25. 2 66.6 61.4 .54. 8 75.4 77.5 100.7 92. 5 100. 6 144.1 162.1 +0. 294 - .022 - .410 -1.851 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 13.66 3.42 6.333 1 ."wa 10. 316 2. 579 16. 649 4.162 46.4 75. 5 121. 9 -2. 989 - .742 12.0 K 11 1 i r e prcserva live period: .C.9 SJQ 20. 772 53 722 39.3 ■■(oL'i) 101.7 -0.873 }• 25.0 T"t*' 1 (58: 089) Average { /^^^ (3.5. 518) 1.731 4.477 - .073 (2. 732) ' After period. 190:*— Jun.4 1.884 2.240 2. 490 2. 704 49.1 52.4 57.7 43.4 .59. 3 (49. 4 ) 64.9 53. 4 .55. 31.0 86.1 95.8 133.0 95.1 106.3 "i 1)2:6' 90. 108.7 89.6 + 0.710 5. 5.09 4.380 a/.u 4. 944 43. 4 5. 920 75. 3 6 5.16 4.45 5.03 4. 69 (.5.07) 4. 6f; 4.. 58 6.:w 4.34 + .216 7 + .246 - .296 "--■:i22' 1 .1.58 .162 + .452 8 2.603 2. 181 1. YJW 1 1)1. / 2.204 2.782 I 4.986 1 47.0 9 10 1.758 1.970 2.844 2.544 11 3.024 1 4.782 A'i.'i, 53.7 68.0 12 2.918 1.344 5.702 3.888 13 Total 1 43. m 74) 43.868 49.4 ■■(6i;6) 101.3 - ..5<18 Average [ 4.8) 2. 378 4.874 - .m (2.497) 1 308 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LVI. — Fhosphoric-acid balances for Series I — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 8 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902 Dec. 16 Grams. 3.414 4.190 5. 128 4.573 4.013 4.727 Grams. 1.421 1.976 («) 2.919 1.831 1.526 Grams. 2.597 2.557 2.835 2.829 1 5.647 Grams. 4.018 4.533 2.835 5.748 9.004 Per ct. 41.6 47.2 (a) 63.8 45.6 Per ct. 76.1 61.0 Per ct. 117.7 108. 2 Grams. -0. 604 - .343 -t-2.293 -1. 175 - .264 Grams. 17 18 55. 3 65. 3 19 61.9 64.6 125. 7 103.0 20 21 Total 26. 045 4.341 9.673 1.612 16. 465 2.744 26. 138 4. 356 37.1 63.2 100.3 - .093 - .016 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902 Dec 22 . . 4.854 4.02 4.16 3.34 4.83 2.173 1.480 1.396 1.223 1.428 2.495 2.974 3.006 2.295 2.476 4.668 4.454 4.402 3.518 3.904 44. S 36.8 33.6 36.6 29.6 51.4 74.0 72.2 68.7 51.3 96.2 110.8 106.8 105.3 80.8 +0. 186 - .434 - .242 - .178 + .926 1.0 23 1.0 24 1.0 25 1.0 26 1.0 Total 21.204 4.241 7.700 1.540 13. 246 2.649 20. 946 4.189 36.3 62.5 98.8 + .258 -t- .052 5.0 Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 4.03 4.35 4.38 4.24 1.705 1.934 1.480 .979 2.797 2.442 2.644 2.643 4.502 4.376 4.124 3. 622 42.3 44.5 33.8 23.1 69,4 56.1 60.4 62.3 111.7 100.6 94.2 85.4 -0.472 - .026 + .256 -f .618 2.0 28 2.0 29 30 2.0 2.0 Total 17.00 4.25 6.098 1.524 10. 526 2. 632 16. 624 4.156 35.9 61.9 97.8 -1- .376 + .094 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 1903— Jan. 1 2 3 3.67 4.06 4.71 3.60 1.383 1.399 .998 1.445 2.736 1.918 3.270 2.331 4.119 3.317 4.268 3.776 37.7 34.5 21. 2 40.1 74.5 47.2 69.4 64.8 112.2 81.7 90.6 104.9 -0. 449 -1- .743 + .442 - .176 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Total 16.04 4.01 5.225 1.306 10. 255 2.564 15. 480 3.870 32.6 63.9 96.5 + .660 -f .140 12.0 Average ' Entire pres|ervative period: Total 54.244 4.173 19.023 1.386 34. 027 2.617 53. 050 4.081 35.1 62.7 97.8 +1. 194 + .092 26.0 Average After period. 1903 — Jan. 4. 3.14 3.98 3.21 3.89 3.53 4.27 4.86 4.29 4.34 3.99 0.753 1.253 1.472 .947 1.448 1.404 1.745 2.114 1.504 1.806 2.401 2. 201 2. 851 2.613 2.314 2. 568 2.772 2.600 2.568 &3.650 3.154 3.454 4.323 3.560 3.762 3.972 4.517 4.714 4.072 5. 456 23.9 31.5 45.9 24.3 41.0 32.8 35.9 49.3 34.6 45.2 76.5 55.3 88.8 67.2 65.6 60.1 67.0 60.6 59.2 91.5 100.4 86.8 134.7 91.5 106.6 93.0 92.9 109.9 93.8 136.7 -0. 014 + .526 -1.113 -f- .330 - .232 + .298 + .343 - .424 + .268 -1.466 5 6 7.. 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 39.50 3.95 14.446 1.444 26.538 2. 654 40.984 4.098 36.6 67.2 103.8 -1. 484 - .148 Average a No movement. 6 Probably error in volume for date. BOEIC ACID AND BORAX. 309 Tablk LVI. -Phosjihorir-acid balances for Series 7— Continued. N'o. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902— Dee. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Gram^. 3.619 3. 673 3.719 4. JOS 4.275 3.289 Grams. 1.145 1.640 .819 .533 1.356 .338 Grams. 2.738 1.781 2. 166 3. 292 [ 5.120 Grams. 3.883 3. 422 2. 985 3. 825 6. 820 Per ct. 31.6 44.7 22.0 12.1 22.4 Per ct. 75.7 48.5 58.3 74.7 67.8 Per ct. 107.3 93.2 80.3 86.8 90.3 Grams. -0. 264 + .251 + .734 + .583 + .744 Grams. Total Average PreservcUive period. First subperiod: 1902- Dec. 22 23 21 2.5 26 Total 22. 983 3.830 5. 831 15. 104 . 972 2. 517 20. 935 3.489 25.4 65.7 91.1 +2. 048 + .341 4.28 3.33 2.98 2.61 3.29 1.993 1 2.732 . 993 1. 919 .705 ' 2. .523 .428 3.024 1.089 1 2.268 4.725 2.912 3. 228 3. 452 3.357 46.6 29.8 23.7 16.4 33.1 63.8 67.6 84.7 115. 9 68.9 110.4 87.4 108.3 132. 3 102.0 -0.445 + .418 - .248 - .842 - .067 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 16.49 3.30 5.208 1 12.466 1.042 2.493 17. 674 3.535 31.6 75.6 107.2 -1.184 - .236 6.0 Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 29 30 Total Average Third subperiod: 1902— Dee. 31 iyo:i— Jan. 1 Total Average Entire preservative period: Total Average 3.45 3.34 3.69 3.38 1.255 .869 .927 1.165 2.106 2.116 2.070 2.167 3.361 2. 985 2. 997 3. 332 36.4 26.0 25.1 34.6 61.0 63.4 56.1 64.1 97.4 89.4 81.2 98.6 +0. 089 + .355 + .693 + .048 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 13.86 3.46 4.216 8.459 1.054 2.115 12. 675 3.169 30.4 61.1 91.5 + 1.185 + .291 8.0 3.57 2. 25 2.37 3.06 1.226 1.463 . 7.58 2. 496 . 430 2. 128 .677 2.125 2.689 3. 2.54 2. 5.58 2.802 34.3 33.7 18.1 22.2 41.0 110.9 89.8 69.4 75.3 144.6 107.9 91.6 +0. 881 3. -1.004 7.0 - .188 2.0 + .258 2.6 11. 25 2.81 3.091 ; 8.212 .773 2.0.53 11.303 2. 826 27.5 73.0 1 100.5 - .0.53 - .016 14.5 41.60 3.20 12.515 29.137 .963 1 2.241 41. 652 3.204 30.1 70.0 100.1 -0. 052 - .004 27.6 A/ler j/eritjti. ]903_jai,. 4 2.71 .3.74 3.16 1.016 . 357 .499 1..560 .841 .671 1.522 .614 1.083 .368 1.915 2.032 2.163 2. 098 1.997 2. 394 2. 442 2. 224 2. 034 2. 622 2.931 2.389 2.662 3. 6,58 2. 838 3. 065 3.964 2.838 3.117 2. 990 37.6 9.6 16.8 43.7 24.0 17.8 39.6 21.0 20.3 11.5 70.7 64.3 68.4 108. 2 63.9 84.2 - 0. 221 11.351 6 + .498 3. .57 58.8 1 102.5 57.1 ' 81.1 63.3 81.1 63.6 103.2 76.2 97.2 49.4 7.5.7 82. 2 93. 7 - .088 8 9 10 11 12 13 3. .50 3.78 3.84 2.92 4.12 3.19 + .662 + .715 j - .124 + .082 ■ + 1.003 1 + .200 Total Average .34.530 3. 453 8.531 .863 21.921 2. 192 :J0. 4.52 3.045 24.7 63.5 88.2 + 4.078 1 + .408 ' 310 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LVI. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series J— Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 Grams. 4.780 (4. 621) 5.699 4.458 3.540 2.666 Grams. 0. 980 Lost. 1.255 1.362 1.021 1.878 Grams. 2.995 (2.877) 3.001 2.965 \ 6.350 Grams. 3.975 Per ct. 20.5 Per ct. 62.7 (62. 3) 52.7 66.5 102.3 Per ct. 83.2 Grams. +0. 805 Grams. 17 18 4.256 4.327 f 7. 371 I 1. 878 22.0 30.6 1 46.7 74.7 97.1 149.0 +1.443 + .131 -3. 831 19 20 21 Total 1 f 21. 143 (25.764) 4.229 (4.294) 6.496 "(is.'iss) 21. 807 30.7 "(70.' 6) 103.1 - .664 1.299 4. 361 - .132 Average i (3.031) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 . 4.594 3.45 4.35 4.30 4.90 1.005 1.180 .965 1.111 2.055 3.410 3.780 3.460 3.747 3.288 4.415 4.960 4. 425 4.858 5.343 21.9 34.2 22.2 25.8 41.9 74.2 109.6 79.5 87.1 67.1 96.1 143.8 101.7 113.0 109.0 +0. 179 -1.510 - .075 - .558 - .443 1.0 23 1.0 24 1.0 25 1.0 26 1.0 Total . . 21.594 4.319 6.316 1.263 17. 685 3.537 24. 001 4.800 29.2 81.9 111.1 -2. 407 - .481 +0.537 - .037 + .109 + .586 5.0 ' Average Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 4.71 4.56 4.68 4.85 1.160 1.220 1.475 1.165 3.013 3.377 3.096 3.099 4.173 4.597 4.571 4.264 24.6 26.8 31.6 24.0 64.0 74.1 66.2 63.9 88.6 100.8 97.7 87.9 2.0 28 2.0 29.. 2.0 30 2.0 Total 18.80 4.70 5.020 1.255 12. 585 3.146 17. 605 4.401 26.7 66.9 93.6 +1.195 + .299 8 Average Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 4.46 2.99 4.39 3 71 1.088 .808 1.361 .598 3.156 2.489 2.832 2.604 4.244 3.297 4.193 3.202 24.4 27.0 31.0 16.1 70.8 83.2 64.5 70.2 95.2 110.3 95.5 86.3 +0.216 - .302 + .197 + .508 3 1903— Jan. 1 1.0 2 3.0 3 2 5 Total 15.55 3.89 3.855 .964 11. 081 2.770 14. 936 3.734 24.8 71.3 96.1 + .614 + .156 9.5 Average Entire preservative -"eriod: Total 55. 944 4.303 15. 191 1.169 41. 351 3.181 56. 542 4.349 27.2 73.9 101.1 -0.598 - .046 22 6 Average After period. 1903— Jan. 4 3.32 4.01 3.32 4.10 3.88 3.28 3.74 4.16 4.26 3.99 1.250 .791 1.148 1.230 1.270 1.569 .698 1.060 2.301 1.822 2.622 2.278 2. 611 2.954 2.688 2. 736 2.570 2.510 3.069 2. £70 3.872 3.069 3.759 4.184 3.958 4.305 3.268 3.570 5.370 4.392 37.7 19.7 34.6 30.0 32.7 47.8 18.7 25.5 54.0 45.7 79.0 56.8 78.6 72.0 69.3 . 83.4 68.7 60.3 72.0 64.4 116.6 76.5 113.2 102.0 102.0 131.2 87.4 85.8 126.1 110.1 -0. 552 + .941 - .439 - .084 - .078 -1.025 + .472 + .590 -1. 110 - .402 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 38.06 3.81 13. 139 1.314 26. 608 2.661 39. 747 3.975 34.5 69.9 104.4 -1. 687 - .165 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 311 Table LYI. — PhospJioric-ucid balances for Series I — Continued. 3Sro. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-M) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 190-^_Dec 16 Grams. 4.529 3.723 5.742 4.650 4. 402 5.050 Gram^. 0.905 1.328 1.666 2.201 1.496 2. 428 Grams. 2.568 2. 735 2. 716 2. 6.50 } .5.263 Grams. 3.473 4.063 4. 382 4.851 9.187 Per et. 20.0 35.7 29.0 47.3 41.5 Per ct. 56.7 73.4 47.3 57.0 56.7 Per ct. 76.7 109.1 76.3 104.3 97.2 Grams. +1.056 - .340 +1.360 - .201 + .266 Grams. 17 18 19 20 21 Total 28. 096 4.683 10.024 1.671 15. 932 2.655 25. 956 4.326 35.7 56.7 92.4 +2. 140 + .3.57 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 3.603 4.55 4.55 4.24 4.99 1.788 1.841 1.380 1.673 1.271 2.694 3.379 2.840 2.882 2.684 4.482 5.220 4.220 4.555 3.955 49.6 40.5 30.3 39.5 25.5 74.8 74.2 62. 4 68.0 53.8 VIA. 4. 114.7 92.7 107.6 79.3 -0. 879 - .670 + .330 - .315 + 1.035 1 23.. 1 24 1 h 26 1.0 1.0 Total Average 21. 933 4.387 7.953 1.591 14. 479 2.8% 22.432 4.486 36.3 66.0 102.3 - .499 - .099 5.0 Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 4.74 4. 80 4.77 5.18 1.973 1.929 1.662 1.679 2.772 2.493 2.884 2.190 4.745 4.422 4.646 3.869 41.6 39.7 34.8 32.4 58.5 51.3 60.5 42.3 100.1 91.0 95.3 74.7 +0.005 + .438 + .224 + 1.311 2.0 2 29... 2 30 2 Total Average ^ 19. 55 4.89 7.243 1.810 10. 339 2.585 17. 582 4.395 37.0 62.9 89.9 +1. 968 + .495 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 190*-Jan. 1 2 3 4.18 5.80 4.61 4.46 2.407 1.698 1.696 1.500 2.894 2.412 1.584 3.073 5.301 4.110 3.280 4.573 67.6 29.3 36.8 33.6 69.2 41.6 34.4 68.9 126.8 70.9 71.2 102.5 -1. 121 +1. 690 +1. 330 - .113 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Total Average 19.05 4.76 7.301 1.825 9.963 2.491 17.264 4.316 38.3 52.3 90.6 + 1.786 12.0 Entire preservative period: Total Average 60. .533 4. 6.% 22.497 1.731 34.781 2.675 .57. 278 4.406 37.2 57.5 94.7 +3.265 + .250 25.0 After period. 1903— Jan. 4 4.69 4.67 4.33 4.68 4.38 4.62 4.70 4.53 4.29 4.06 0.941 2.141 2.217 .958 1.841 1.095 1.45(J 1.163 1.012 1.09O 2.923 2.576 2. 502 2.921 2. 413 2. 650 2.856 2. 594 2. 722 3.391 3.864 4.717 4.719 3.879 4.264 3. 745 4.306 3.7.57 3.734 4.481 20.1 46.8 51.2 20.5 42.0 23.7 30.8 25.7 Zi.G 26.8 62.3 55.2 57.8 62. 4 55. 1 57.4 60.8 57.3 63.4 83.5 82.4 101.0 109. 82.9 97.1 81.1 91.6 82.9 87.0 110.3 +0.826 - .047 - .389 + .801 + .126 + .875 + .394 + .773 + .5.56 - .421 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 44. 95 4.50 13.908 1.391 27. 548 2. 755 41.456 4.146 30.9 61.3 92.2 +3. 494 + .351 312 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LVI. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series J^Continued. JSTo. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902 Dec 16 Grams. 2.341 2.955 ■A. 197 2.399 1.286 2.339 Grams. 1.429 (") .852 .871 .720 .077 Chrams. 1.728 2.064 2.094 2.098 V 3.352 Grams. 3.157 2.064 2.946 2.969 4.149 Per ct. 61.0 '"•26.6 36.3 22.0 Per ct. 73.8 69.8 65.5 87.5 92.5 Per ct. 134.9 69.8 92.1 123.8 114.5 Grams. -0. 816 + .891 + .251 - .570 - .524 Grams. 17 18 19 20 21... Total 14. 517 2.420 3.949 .658 11.336 1.889 15. 285 2.548 27. 2 78. 1 105. 3 - . 768 - .128 , Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 2.113 1.86 1.60 2.01 (2.72) 1.234 («) ..518 .514 Lost. 1.971 1.981 1.744 1.504 (1.824) 3. 205 1.981 2. 262 2.018 58.4 25.6 93.3 106.5 109.0 74.8 (67.1) 151.7 106.5 141.4 100.4 -1.092 - .121 - .662 -'.008 1.0 23 1 24 1.0 25 1.0 26 1 Total { Average I 7.583 (10.303) 1.896 (2. 061) 2.266 9.466 29.9 ■■(87."6) 124.8 -1.883 } 5.0 (9.024) .566 2.366 - .470 (1.805) [ j Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 2.38 2.10 2.47 2.12 (a) 0.985 1.020 .484 1.208 1.820 1.669 1.555 1.208 2.805 2.689 2.039 ""'46.'9" 41.3 22.8 60.8 86.7 67.6 73.3 50.8 133.6 108.9 90.2 +1.172 - .705 - .219 + .081 2.0 28 2 29 2 30 2.0 Total 9.07 2.27 2.489 .622 6.252 1.563 8.741 2.185 27.4 68.9 96.4 + .329 + .085 8 Average Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 2.22 2.63 2.63 2.13 2.272 .904 .737 .628 1.417 .984 1.495 .392 3.689 1.888 2. 232 1.020 102.3 34.4 28.0 29.5 63.8 37.4 56.8 18.4 166.2 71.8 84.9 47.9 -1. 469 + .742 + .398 +1. lip 3.0 1903_jan. 1 3 2 3 3 3.0 Total Average 9.61 2.40 4.541 1.135 4.288 1.072 8.829 2.207 47.3 44.6 91.9 + .781 + .193 12.0 Entire preservative period: Total 1 26. 263 (28.983) 2.189 (2.229) 9.296 27. 036 3.5.4 ■■(67:6) 102.9 -0.773 1 26.0 (19.664) Average . . .- | .775 2.253 - .064 (1.505) After period. 1903— Jan. 4 2.18 2.38 1.70 2.40 2.06 3.11 3.14 2.33 2.20 2.34 0.693 .498 .929 .814 1.550 («) 1.068 .575 .891 .784 2.830 1. .518 1.596 2.392 1.320 1.947 1.699 1.848 1.474 1.538 3.523 2.016 2.525 3.206 2.870 1.947 2.767 2.423 2.365 2.322 31.8 20.9 54.6 33.9 75.2 "'34.'6" 24.7 40.5 33.5 129.8 63.8 93.9 99.7 64.1 62.6 54.1 79.3 67.0 65.7 161.6 84.7 148. 5 133.6 139.3 62.6 88.1 104.0 107. 5 99.2 -1.343 + .364 - .825 - .806 - .810 +1.163 + .373 - .093 - .165 + .018 5 6 7 8. 9 10 11 12 13 Total 23.84 2.38 7.802 .780 18. 162 1.816 25. 964 2.596 32.7 76.2 108.9 -2. 124 - .216 « No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 813 Table LVII. — SiDiimary of phosphorir-dclci haJttnces for Series I. Six inen. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 1 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-M) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- mini.s- tered. Fore period. No 1 Gravis. 29.753 26.045 22.983 21. 143 (2.5.764) 28.096 14.517 Grams. 14. 012 9.673 5.831 6.496 Grams. 15.554 16.465 15.104 Grams. 29.566 26.138 20.935 21.807 Per ct. 47.1 37.1 25.4 30.7 Per ct. 52.3 63.2 65.7 ■(76:6) 56.7 78.1 Per ct. 99.4 100.3 91.1 103.1 Grams. +0. 187 - .093 +2.048 - .004 G •ams. No. J No. 3 No.4 1 No. 5.... (18.188) 16. 932 11. 336 10.024 3.949 25. 9.56 15. 285 3.5.7 27.2 92.4 105. 3 +2. 140 - .768 +2. 850 No t; — ToUil 1 142. 537 (147. 1.58) 4.072 (4.088) 49.985 139. 687 3.5.1 "(62.'9) 98.0 (92.579) Average [ 1.428 3.991 + .081 (2.572) Preservative period. First subperiod: No.l No.2 No. 3 23. 675 21.204 16.49 21.. 594 21.93:5 7.583 (10. 303) 8.888 7.700 5.208 6.316 7.953 2.266 14.349 13.246 12.466 17.685 14.479 23. 237 20. 940 17. 074 24. 001 22. 432 9.466 37.6 36.3 31.6 29.2 36.3 29.9 60.6 62.5 7.5.6 81.9 66.0 ■(87.'6) 98.1 98.8 107. 2 111.1 102. 3 124.8 +0.438 + .258 -1.184 -2. 407 - .499 -1.883 } 5.0 .5.0 .5.0 No. 4 5 No. 5 X- . f .5.0 No. (J (9.024) , 112.479 (115. 199) 3.879 (3.840) 38.331 117. 756 34.1 ■(76.'5) 104.7 -5.277 } }■ Totjil (81.249) 30.0 1. :122 4.061 - .182 Average (2.708) x- 1 ( 15. 414 (20.654) 17.00 13.80 18.80 19.55 9.07 5.551 13. 836 "'ie.'e-i-i' 12.675 17. 605 17. .582 8.741 36.0 "35.' 9' 30.4 26.7 37.0 27.4 ■(.52.' 5) 61.9 61.1 66.9 52.9 68.9 89.8 +1.678 } No.l • (10.8.53) 10.526 8.469 12. .585 10.339 6.2.52 8.0 Xo.2 No.3 No.4 No b 6.098 4.216 5.020 7.243 2.489 97.8 91. 5 93.6 89.9 96.4 + .376 + 1.185 +1.195 +1. 968 + .329 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 No.6 8.0 Total -! 93.694 (98.934) ~ 4.074 (4.122) 30.617 87.063 :?2.7 ■(59." 6) 92.9 +6. 631 \ 48.0 (59.014) Average ] i.33i 3.785 + .289 (2.4.59) ' . Third .subperiod: Hio.-i........ 13.66 16.04 11.25 15.55 19.05 9.61 6.333 5.225 3.091 3.8.55 7.301 4.541 10.316 10.2.55 8.212 11.081 9.963 4.288 16.649 15.480 11. im 14. 936 17.264 8.829 46.4 32.6 •27.5 24.8 38.3 47.3 75.6 63.9 73.0 71.3 .52.3 44.6 121.9 96.5 100.6 96.1 90.6 91.9 -2.989 + .560 - .063 + .614 + 1.786 + .781 12.0 12.0 No. 3 14.6 No.4 N'o 5 9.6 12.0 No.(i 12.0 Total Average 85.16 3.55 30.340 1.264 .54. 115 2. 2.55 84.461 3. .519 35.6 03. 6 99.2 + .699 + .031 72.0 Entire preservative periofJ: , No.l \ 52.849 (.58. 089) 54.244 41.60 .56.944 60.533 26.263 (28.983) 20.772 .53. 722 39.3 ■(ei.'i) 62.7 70.0 73.9 57.5 ■(67.'6) 101.7 -0.873 1 1 25.0 (:i5. 518) 34. 027 29. 137 41.3.51 34.781 No.2 .Vo.3 SI::;:::::::;::: 19.023 12.515 15. 191 22.497 9.296 .53.0.50 41.0.52 .56. 542 .57. 278 27.036 :55.1 :io.] 27. 2 :J7.2 :3.5.4 97.8 100.1 101.1 94.7 102.9 +1.194 - .0.52 - ..598 +3.2.55 - .773 2.5.0 27. 6 22.5 2.5.0 >■■- { 26.0 (19.564) Total 1 291.433 (299.39:1) 3.835 (3.838) 99.294 ""i'.m 289.280 34.1 ■(64:9) 99.3 +2. 1.53 ( 150.0 (194.378) 3.806 + .029 AveraK*- \ (2.492) " After perUM. No.l 1 43. :«) (48.:i7) :i9..50 34. .530 38. 0() 44. 95 23.84 21.403 . 43.868 49.4 ■(.5i;6) 67.2 63.6 (i9. 9 61.3 76.2 101.3 -0. 568 (24.974) 26. 5.38 21.921 2(;. tm 27. 5-18 18. 162 14. 446 8. .531 13.139 i:i.908 7.802 40.984 30. 452 :w.747 41.456 25. 9«>4 36. 6 2-1.7 :J4.5 :i0.9 32.7 io:i.8 88.2 101. 4 92. 2 108.9 -1.484 + 4.078 -1.687 + ;{.49'l -2. 124_ + 1.709 No.2 No. 3 No. 4 No .5 No.C Total 1 224.18 (229.25) 3.80 (3.82) 79.229 222.471 35.3 '(63.'6) 99.2 (145.7.51) ■■"(2.'429) Average \ 1.343 3.771 + .029 314 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LVIII. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series II. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (4.38) (4.37) 3.34 3.13 5.16 3.85 3.97 4.02 4.03 Grams. (a) (a) 2.17 1.75 1.87 1.06 2.29 1.40 1.61 Grams. (2.19) f2.04) 2.61 2.32 2.90 2.32 2.62 2.01 2.36 Grams. Per at. Per ct. (60.0) (46.7) 76.1 74.1 66.2 60.3 63.6 60.0 58.3 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 4.68 4.07 4.77 3.38 4.81 3.41 3.96 66.0 65.9 36.2 27.6 57.7 34.8 40.0 140.1 130.0 92.4 87.8 121.2 84.8 98.3 -1.34 - .94 + .39 + .47 - .84 + .61 + .07 22 23 -. 24 25 26 27 Total 1 27.60 (36.26) 3.93 (4.03) 12.16 29.08 44.2 ■■(58.'4) 105.7 -1.68 (21. 16) Average I 1.74 4.15 - .22 (2.36) ^ Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 4,46 4.18 3.78 3.50 3.61 .83 1.47 2.20 2.68 1.66 2.22 2.29 6.29 2.48 3.69 4.49 80.9 19.9 38.9 62.9 60.1 39.6 58.7 65.4 141.0 59.3 97.6 128.3 -1.83 + 1.70 + .09 - .99 1 29 1 30 1 31 1 Total 15. 92 3.98 8.11 2.03 8.84 2.21 16.95 4.24 60.9 66.5 106.5 -1.03 - .76 4 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 3.99 3.77 8.64 3.74 3.03 .97 1.11 2.21 2.62 2.26 2.24 2.21 6.66 3.23 3.35 "'hb'.i' 26.6 29.7 66.4 69.6 62.1 69.9 66.4 149.9 88.7 89.6 +1.78 -1.88 + .41 + .39 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 Total . . . 15.14 3.78 6.11 1.28 9.33 2.33 14.44 3.61 33.7 61.6 95.4 + .70 + .17 8 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 3.67 3.68 4.04 3.86 1.73 1.43 2.21 1.73 1.96 2.23 2.64 2.19 3.69 3.66 4.85 3.92 47.1 39.9 • 54.7 44.8 53.4 62.3 66.3 56.7 100.6 102.2 120.0 101.6 -0.02 - .08 - .81 - .06 3 6 3 T. 3 8 3 Total 15. 16 3.79 7.10 1.78 9.02 2.26 16.12 4.03 46.9 59.5 106.4 - .97 - .24 12 Average Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 46.21 3.86 20. 32 1.69 27.19 2.27 47 51 JA n 58.8 102.8 -1.30 - .11 24 Average 3.96 ■ Fourth subperiod: 1903— Feb. 9 3.77 3.95 1.19 1.87 1.73 2.28 2.92 31.6 4 16 47 s 46.9 67.7 77.5 105.1 +0.85 - .20 4 10 4.0 "Not collected. b No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 315 Table LVIII. — PltospJioric-arid balances for Scries II — Continued. ISTo. 8. j 1 1 3 Period and date. , . , 1 , In lood. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period . 1 Cirams. 190;^_j,in. 19 (5.13) Gravis. («) Grams. (2.85) (2.61) 3. 36 2.83 3.24 3.05 2.70 2.92 2.91 Grains. Per ct. Per ct. (55.6) (53.4) 69.0 60.9 56.0 59.9 56.7 56.4 58.6 Per ct. Grnm.'i. Grams. •_>0 (4.891 •>\ 4.87 2.09 4. 65 . 84 5.79 (h) 5.09 I 2.13 4.76 2.89 5.18 2.00 4.97 (6) 5.45 3. 07 3.24 5.18 5.59 4.92 2.91 42.9 18.0 '""41:9' 60.7 38.6 111.9 78.9 56.0 101.8 117.4 95.0 58.6 -0. 58 + .98 +2.55 - .09 - .83 + .26 + 2.06 n 24 25 26 Total [ 35.31 9.95 (4.5.33) "(2(5.' 47) 30.96 28.2 "'(58.'4) 87.7 +4.35 -^^'eriiKe { {l^f^^ 1.42 4.42 + .62 (2.94) Preservative perioil. First subperiod: 1903 Jan ''.s ' 4.89 4.94 4.82 4.77 2.28 2.69 1.58 3.16 2.73 2.71 2.85 .5.44 5.42 2.71 4.43 46.6 54.4 '""33."i' 64.6 55.3 56.2 59.8 111.2 109.7 56.2 92.9 -0.55 - .48 +2. 11 + .34 1 29 30 31 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 19.42 4.86 6.55 1.64 11.45 2.86 18.00 4.50 33.7 59.0 92.7 + 1.42 + .36 4.0 Second subperiotl: 1903— Feb. 1 4.21 4.31 (1.15) 1.86 1.42 Lost. Lost. 2.99 2.88 (.72) ('■) 4.85 4.30 44.2 33.0 7L0 66.8 (62.6) 115. 2 99.8 -0.64 + .01 2.0 2 . . 2.0 3 .0 4 .0 n. . , f 8 .^.9 3.28 9.15 38.5 ■■(68:i) 107.4 - .(i3 1 T"'^' { (9:67) Average { ^^'^ (6. .59) {• ^-0 1.64 4.58 - .32 (2.20) Third subperiod: 1903 — Feb 5 ' (3.52) (5. 16) (4.57) (4.83) C) C) («) (2.58) (3.075 (2.93) (2.39) (73.3) (59.5) ((54.1) (49.5) 0.0 .0 .0 8 Total .0 ns fiK^ (10.97) (2.74) (60.7) .0 Subperiods 1 , 2, and 3: ^ ' 27 94 9.83 27. 15 35. 2 "(iil.Q) 97.2 + 0.79 T^^^' { (i7:if, II 4. 66 (28. 99) 1.64 4. .52 + .14 Average | ,1^^ (2.64) "Discarded. bNo moveuient. "Not run. 316 rNTLUEXCE OF FOOD PEFSZEVATIVZS uX HEALTH. Table LA'III. — Phosphoriic-acid i>aiance-sjor Series II — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces.! 1 3 In urine. In feces; and nrine. (2-1-3) 5 In feces. ^2-1) 6 7 T„ In feces nriie. ^?"i (3-1) (4^i> a-»). 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (4.76) (4.67) 4.63 4.44 4.87 4. 89 4.78 '-07 Grams. («•) (") 1.43 , .39 1.76 (6) ■2.72 •2.01 Grrams. (2.94) (2.71) 3.00 ■2.75 2.98 2.89 ■i60 •2.43 ,2.44:. I^cL ii Jferot 1 (61.8)' (58.0) 64.S 61.9 61.2 59.1 54.4 47.9 49.0 BarO. Gnmus. Chrams. 20 :":":::::::: ' ■- ■ '' 21 •70 23""""."" 24 4.43 3.14 4.74 ■i89 •^ ■*: 30.9 &8 36.1 70.7 97.3 59.1 1U.3 I SS.2 : +0.20 +1.30 -^.l3 +2.00 -.54 + .60 1!6 f 28w6S (43.09) 4.VS 4. T? 8.34 24.99 "Tie" 29.0 ,- - +3.69 Total { (24.74) " "i'75) 07. -- r 1.39 -^ .62 Average JrtSfr raf *rf peri'xi . ■- First sabperiod: 1903-Jan. 2S 29 30 31 1.53 4.50 4.01 •2.00 1.56 1.39 3.34 2.36 ■2.55 5.34 3.92 3.94 130.7 34.7 34.4 ::;.v.o 349.0 5^4 J 87.1 63.1 97.5 -3.81 + .58 + .10 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 10.07 3.36 4.95 1.65 8.» 2.75 13.20 4.40 49.2 8L9 131.1 -3.13 - .04 4.0 Third subperiod: ISOS— Feb. 5 v3.94> (3.75) (i39) (5.46) («) t") (a) («) (■2.24) (1-S7) (•il6} :::::::: l51.5» (3L2I (39.6) 0.0 6 .0 .0 8 .0 _ Total (17.51) (4.3S) (7.70) (1-92) (43.9) .0 Average. 1 Sobperiods l and 3: Total i 1 10.07 (-27.61) 3.36 (3.94t 4.K ] 13.20 49.2 "^7.'8) 13L1 -3.13 J .. (15.95) 1.65 4-40 - .04 Average •! (2.27) " ." '( 1 1 ' ' ' "Discarded. J>No movement. c Second subperi(.>d not ran. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 31' Table LVIII. — PJwsphonc-acid balances for Series //—Continued. No. lO. Period and date. 1 In IihhI. 8 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 . In fee '^s. (2-1) 6 In : urine. • (3-1) 7 [n feces! and urine. (4-1) S Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fort pcriotl. Grams. (3.65) (4 90) Grams. Grams. (2.28) (2.44) 2.81 3.05 2.29 2.74 2. 25 2. 46 2. 60 Grams. Perct. Perct. (62.5)1 (!?•?>' 57.7 71.6 41.8 .54.7 ■ 42.9 46.4 65.5 Perct. Grams. Grams. ■>0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 4.87 1.06 4.26 1.35 5.48 2.06 5.01 2.09 5. 24 2. 57 5.30 3.28 3.97 1.58 3.87 4.40 4.35 4.83 4.82 .5.74 4.18 21.8 31.7 37.6 41.7 49.0 61.9 39.8 79.5 103.3 79.4 96.4 92.0 108.3 105.3 +1.00 - .14 +1.13 + .18 + .42 - .44 - .21 Total ■! 34.13 (42.68) 4.88 13.99 ■(22." 92) 32.19 41.0 (53.7) 94.3 +1.94 1 •> 00 4.60 "+2.28 Average | (4.74) (2.55) Preservatirc ixrriutl. First subperiiHl: 1903-^ an. 28 fg 4.90 (5.07) 4.94 (4.62) 1.69 C) 1.42 3.14 (2.42) 2.74 (2.75) 4.83 34.5 64.1 (47.7) 55.5 (59.5) 98.6 +0.07 1.0 1.0 30 31 4.16 28.7 84.2 + .78 1.0 1.0 ... , 1 9.84 (19.53) 4.92 3.11 8.99 31.6 ■■(56.^6) 91.4 + .85 ■■ + ■."42" } 4.0 Total J (11.05) ■■■■(2.76) 1 1 .■>«; 4. .50 Average | (4.88) 1 .- Second subperiod: 1903-Fib.l •> 4.96 2.86 4.92 1.20 4.63 2.07 4.79 2..VJ 3.09 2.88 3.77 1 3.04 5.95 4.08 5.84 5.56 57.7 24.4 44.7 .12.6 62.3 58.5 81.4 63.5 120.0 82.9 126. 1 116. 2 -0.99 + .84 -1.21 2.0 2.0 3 4 2.0 2. Total Average 19.30 8.65 4.82 2.16 12. 7S 3.20 21.43 5.36 44.8 66.2 111.0 -2. 13 -.54 8.0 Thinl subperiod: 1903— Feb.5 6 4.80 5.06 4.88 5.14 2.92 (6) 3.18 (b) 3.42 3.06 2.99 2.86 6.34 3.06 6.17 2.86 60.8 ■■■65.'2" 71.2 60.5 61.3 55.6 132.1 60.5 126.4 55.6 -^1.54 +2.00 -1.29 +2.28 3.0 8.0 7 S 3.0 3.0 Total 19.88 1 6.10 4.97 ; 1.52 12.33 3.08 18.43 4.61 30.7 62.0 92.7 +1.45 + .36 12.0 SubperiofLt l, 2, and 3: Total 1 Average | 1 49.02 17 «fl 1 48.85 36.4 ■■(6i:6) 99.7 +0.17 ^ 24.0 (58.71) 4.90 1 (36.16) ■■■(sJoi) i 7Q 4.88 + .02 (4. 89):. •...;..:. ■ ■ 1 ■ 1 1 1 Fourth subperiod: 1<)03— Feb. 9 5.05 2.70 (5 00) 'o^ 3.05 (2.47) 5.75 53.6 60.4 (49.4) 113.9 -0.70 4.0 10 4.0 1 a Discarded. bNomovemeat 318 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LVIII. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series II — Continued. JSTo. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. Grams. (4.43^ (4.61) 4.74 4.18 5.38 5.10 4.97 4.71 6.51 Grams. [•] 1.47 2.78 3.50 3.50 1.04 1.58 2. 22 Grams. (2. 90) (2.66) 2.86 2.71 2.88 2.15 2.89 2.98 2.91 Grams. Per at. Per ct. (66. 6) (67.5) 60.3 64.8 63.6 42.2 58.2 63.3 52.8 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 4.33 5.49 6.38 5.65 3.93 4.56 5.13 31.0 66.6 65.1 68.6 20.9 32.6 40.3 91.4 131.3 118.6 110.8 79.1 96.8 93.1 +0.41 -1.31 -1.00 - .55 +1.04 + .16 + .38 22 23 24. 25 26 27 Total 1 Average \ 34.59 (43.63) 4.94 (4.85) 16.09 35. 47 46. 6 "{hi'.i) 102. 6 - .88 (24.93) 2.30 5.07 - .13 (2.77) Preservative period. First subperiod ; 1903— J an. 28 6.03 6.00 5.17 4.03 1.20 1.71 1.43 1.89 2.97 2.73 3.00 2.72 4.17 4.44 4.43 4.61 23.9 34.2 27.7 46.9 59.0 54.6 58.0 67.6 82.9 88.8 85.7 114.4 +0.86 + .56 + .74 - .58 1.0 29 1.0 30 31 1.0 1.0 Total 19.23 4.81 6.23 1.56 11.42 2.85 17.65 4 41 32.4 59.4 91.8 + 1.58 + .40 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 4.37 4.58 0.78 .20 (a) [.73] 2.64 2.63 3.42 2.83 17.9 4.4 60.4 57.4 78.3 61.8 +0.95 +1.75 2.0 2 2.0 3 .0 4 [1.33] "[64.9]' .0 Total 1 Average ■! 8.95 [10.28] 4.48 [1.47] 6.27 6.25 ■■ii4.'2]" 68.9 69.8 + 2.70 } '■' [1.71] 2.63 3.12 + 1.36 [2.40] 'i Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 (3.41) (-4.26) (4.29) (4.56) («) (a) (a) («) (2.46) (2.28) (2.94) (2.11) (71.8) (53.5) (68.5) (46.3) +0.96 +1.98 +1.35 +2.46 0.0 6 .0 7 .0 8 .0 Total j Average 1 0.0 (16. 52) (4.13) (9.78) (2.44) (59.2) Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: 28.18 (44. 70) [46. 03] 4.69 (4.70) [6. 68] 23.90 84.8 +4.28 Total J (26.47) (59.2) [ 8.0 [8.19] [17.8] 3.96 + .74 Average \ (2.65) [1.17] a Discarded. b Not run. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 819 Table LVIII. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series II — Continued. No. 13. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-M) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (4. 40) (4.59) 4.37 3.82 4.89 4. 53, 4.70 4.67 4.70 Grams. («) ^l.\^ 1.52 1.90 C) 1.93 3.47 .89 Grams. (2.59) (2.49) 2.61 2.12 2.22 2.32 2.07 2.12 1.81 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (58.7) 54.2) 59.7 65.5 45.4 51.2 44.0 45.4 38.5 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 4.15 3.64 4.12 2.32 4.00 5.59 2.70 36.2 39.8 38.9 "li.'i 74.3 18.9 95.0 95.3 84.3 51.2 85.1 119.7 57.4 +0.22 + .18 + .77 +2.21 + .70 — .92 +2.00 Total { 31.68 (40.67) 4.53 (4.52) 11.25 26. 52 35.6 "(SO.'O) 83.7 +5.16 (20.35) Average i i.87 3.79 + .75 (2.26) . Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 2H 4.79 4.93 4.77 4. .55 1.66 1.46 1.36 2.21 2.42 2.65 2.52 2.59 4.08 4.11 3.88 4.80 34.7 29.6 28.5 48.6 50.5 53.8 52.8 56.9 85.2 83.4 81.3 105.5 +0.71 + .82 + .89 — .25 1.0 29 30 31 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 19.04 4.76 6.69 1.07 10.18 2.54 16.87 4.22 35.1 53.5 88.6 +2.17 + .55 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 4.79 4. .57 2.48 3.88 1.51 2.16 .42 .92 2.61 2.46 2.40 2.32 4.12 4.62 2.82 3.24 31.5 47.3 16.9 23.7 54.6 63.8 96.8 59.8 86.0 101.1 113.7 83.6 +0.67 — .05 — .34 + .64 2.0 2 3 4 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total Average 15.72 3. 93 .5.01 1.25 9.79 2.45 14.80 3.70 31.9 62.3 94.2 + .92 + .23 8.0 Third subperiod: 190:j — Feb .5 3.88 3.45 1.89 1.23 1.64 .65 1..59 1.23 2.64 2.84 2.35 1.81 4.28 3.49 3.94 3.04 42.3 18.8 84.1 100.0 08.0 82.3 121.3 147.2 110.3 101.1 208. 4 247. 2 —0. 40 3. 6 — .04 —2.05 —1.81 .0 7 8 .0 .0 Total Average 10. 45 2.61 5.11 1.28 9.tH 2.41 14.75 3.69 49.0 92.4 114.4 —4.30 —1.08 3.0 Snbpcriofls 1,2, and 3: Total 45. 21 3.77 16.81 1.40 29.6! 2.47 46. 42 3.87 37.2 66.51 102.7 -1.21 — .10 16.0 a Di.scarded. b No movement. 320 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LIX. — Summary of phosphoric-acid balances for Series II. Tavo ixierL. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-M) 7 In feces and urine. (4-f-l) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Gh-ams. 27.50 (36.25) 34.13 (42.68) Orams. 12.15 Grams. Grams. 29.08 Per ct. 44.2 Per ct. '(58."4) ■(53."7) Per ct. 105.7 Grams. -1.58 Grams. No. 7 l (21.16) No. 10 1 13.99 32.19 4i.O 94.3 +1.94 (22. 92) Total 1 61.63 (78.93) 4.40 (4.38) 26.14 61.27 42.4- '(55.'8) 99.4 + .36 (44,. 08) f 1.87 4.38 + .02 (2.45) Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 7 15.92 9.84 (19.63) 8.11 3.11 8.84 16.95 8.99 50.9 31.6 55.6 "(56.' 6) 106.5 91.4 -1.03 + .85 4 No. 10 1 1 4.0 (11.05) , 25.76 (35.45) 4.29 (4.43) 11.22 25.94 43.6 ■(56.'i) 100.7 - .18 1 8.0 (19.89) ( 1.87 4.32 - .03 Average ! (2.49) Second subperiod: No. 7 15.14 19.30 5.11 8.65 9.33 12.78 14,44 21.43 33.7 44.8 61.6 66.2 95.4 111.0 + 0.70 -2.13 8 No. 10 8.0 Total 34.44 4.30 13.76 1.72 22.11 2.76 35.87 4.48 40.0 64.2 104.2 -1.43 - .18 16.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 60.20 (69. 89) 4.30 (4.37) 24. 98 61.81 41.5 '(66."6) 102.7 -1.61 1 24.0 (42.00) Average j 1.78 4.41 - .11 (2. 62) 1 Third subperiod: No. 7 15. 15 19.88 7.10 6.10 9.02 12.33 16. 12 18.43 46.9 30.7 59 5 infi d -0.97 +1.45 12 No. 10 62.0 92.7 12 Total Average 35.03 4.38 13.20 1.63 21.35 2.67 34.55 4.32 37.7 60.9 98.6 + .48 + .06 24.0 Subperiods l,2,and 3: Total 1 95.23 (104. 92) 4.33 (4.37) 38. 18 96. 36 40.1 '(66."4) 101.2 -1.13 j- 48.0 (63.35) Average i 1.74 4.38 - .05 (2.64) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 821 Table LIX. — SttmnHiri/ of phosphoric-acid balances: for Series II — Continued. "■.riii-ee men. 1 1 Period. ' ^ r j In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Grams. „ - f 27.50 ^<^- ' i (36.25) ^- ,., f 34.13 Grams. 12.15 Grams. Grams. 29. 08 '"'s'iig' ""26.'52' Pec ct. 44.2 "41." 6' "35.5' Per ct. ■(58:4) "(hi'.T) ■(56:6) Per ct. 105. 7 Grams. -1.58 Grams. (21. 16) 13.99 94.3 +1.94 ^«-io { (n.m. ...::.::. ». , (1 31.68 11. ''5 (22.92) 1 83.7 + 5.16 ^0-1- \ (40.671 (20.35) ^ , f QS .^1 S7 SQ 87.79 40.1 ■(53:9) 94.1 +5.52 To«**i {; (lig.eo) Average | ,]-\l^ (64.43) 1.78 4.18 + .26 (2.39) Presen-alive perml. First subperiod: No. 7 15. 92 8. 11 9 X4 1 a. 1 1 8.84 16. 95 8.99 ""'m.si' 50.9 31.6 "35.'i" 55..5 '(56:6) 53.5 106. 5 91.4 -1.03 + .85 4.0 1 4.0 >^O-10 1 n9..53) (ii.65) No. 12 19.04 6.69 10.18 88.6 +2.17 4.0 44 80 1 17.91 42. 81 40.0 ■(55:2) 95.6 +1.99 1 ,., A T«t*l { (.54:59) (30.07) [ U.i) 1.79 4.28 + .20 (2.51) Second subperiod: No.7 No. 10 No. 12 15.14 5.11 19.30 8.65 15.72 5.01 9.33 12.78 9.79 14.44 21.43 14.80 33.7 44.8 31.9 61.6 66.2 62.3 95.4 111.0 94.2 +0.70 - 2. 13 + .92 8.0 8.0 8.0 Total Average 50.16 4.18 18.77 1 . 56 31.90 2.66 50. 67 4. 22 37.4 63.6 101.0 - .51 .04 + 1.48 24.0 j^tibperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 Average 1 94. 96 ' 30. 68 (104.65) ' ((il.97i 93. 48 38.6 ■(59:2) 98.4 \ 36.0 4.32 1 67 4. 25 + .07 (4.36) (2.58) 4242— No. «4, pt 1— U4- -21 322 INFLDElSrCE 'OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES- ON HEALTH. Table LX. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series III. ISTo. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+S) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 18 Grams. Gi-ams. Grams. Grams. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grains. 19 5.02 5.14 4.62 5.26 5.14 5.07 5.17 4.35 5.25 3.50 2.57 1.39 2.12 2.02 2.14 1.41 2.88 2.4i 2.64 2.66 2.78 2.64 2.96 2.68 2.61 6.91 5.11 3.96 4.90 4.66 5.09 4.09 5.49 7.12 69.7 60.0 30.1 40.3 39.3 42.2 27.3 66.2 86.7 48.0 49.4 56.4 52.9 51.4 58.2 61.8 60.0 49.9 117.7 99.4 85.5 93.2 90.7 100.4 79.1 126.2 135.6 -0. 89 + .03 + .67 20 21 22 + .36 23 + .48 24 - .02 25 +1.08 . 26 —1.14 ! 27 4.50 2.62 -1.87 Total 45. 02 5.00 22.53 2.60 23.79 2.65 46.32 6.15 50.0 62.8 102.9 -1.30 — .15 Preservative 'period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 5.00 5.08 [4. 94] 5.08 0.858 3.71 [2.19] 1.81 2.86 3.09 Lost. 2.76 3.72 6.80 ""4.'57' 17.2 73.0 [44.3] 36.6 57.2 60.8 74.4 133.9 +1.28 -1.72 1.0 1.0 1.0 3 64.3 90.0 + .51 1.0 Total 1 15.16 [20. 10] 5.05 [5.02] 8.71 16.09 ■"i42."6i 67.5 99.5 + .07 i1 [8.568] ]■ -*•" Average | 2.90 3.03 +2. 02 [2.14] Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 4.65 3.99 5.52 4.72 1.64 2.47 1.79 1.24 3.00 2.74 2.91 2.98 4.64 6.21 4.70 4.22 36.3 61.9 32.4 26.3 64.6 68.7 52.7 6&1 99.8 130.6 85.1 89.0 +0.01 -1.22 + .82 + .50 4.0 5 4 6 2 7 2.0 Total Average 18.88 4.72 7.14 1.78 11.63 2.91 18.77 4.69 37.8 61.6 99.4 + .11 + .03 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 3.80 4.67 5.78 3.76 1.63 1.63 1.66 .71 3.09 2.89 2.63 2.18 4.72 4.52 4.28 2.89 42.9 34.9 28.5 18.9 81.8 61.9 46.5 58.1 124.2 96.8 74.0 77.1 -0.92 + .15 +1.60 + .86 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 Total 18.00 4.50 5.62 1.40 10.79 2.70 16.41 4.10 31.2 59.9 91.2 +1. .59 + .40 10 Average Entire preservative period: - Total 1 52.04 [56. 98] 4.73 [4.75] 31.13 50.27 "W.'4 59.8 96.6 +1. 772 1 26. [21. 328] Average | 2.83 4.57 + .16 [1.78] After period. 1903— Mar. 12 4.55 5.61 6.03 5.02 4.96 5.23 5.16 5.16 2.51 2.28 2.87 1.99 1.67 2.76 2.94 2.07 3.03 3.17 2.79 2.85 2.49 2.37 2.22 2.10 5.64 5.45 5.66 4.84 4.16 6.13 5.16 4.17 65.2 40.6 47.6 39.6 33.7 52.8 57.0 40.2 66.6 66.5 46.3 56.8 50.2 46.3 43.0 40; 8 121.8 97.1 93.9 96.4 83.9 98.1 100.0 81.0 -0.99 + .16 + .37 + .18 + .80 + .10 ± .0 + .98 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 41.71 5.21 - 19.09 2.38 21.02 2.63 40.11 5.01 45.8 50.4 96.2 +1.60 + .20 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 323 Table LX. — PJiosphoric-acid balances for Sn-ies HI — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In fece.s. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 Grams. 4.28 4.94 4.59 4.82 Grams. 1.93 1.73 .998 1.58 1.54 1.01 1.73 2.14 2.14 Grams. 2.50 2.95 3.18 3.05 2.73 3.13 2.69 2.67 2.83 Grams. 4.43 4.68 4.18 4.63 4.27 4.14 4.42 4.81 4.97 Per ct. 45.0 35.0 21.8 32.8 30.4 21.3 34.2 57.4 39.2 Per ct. 58.5 59.7 69.3 63.3 .54.0 65.9 53.2 71.6 51.8 Per ct. 103.5 94.7 91.1 96.1 84.4 87.2 87.4 129.0 91.0 Grams. -0.15 + .26 + .41 + .19 + .79 + .61 + .64 -1.08 + .49 Grams. 20 21 22 23 24 25..... 26 27 Total Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 190a-Feb.2N Mar. 1 2 5.06 4.75 5.06 3.73 .5.46 42.69 4.74 14.80 1.64 25. 73 2.86 40.53 4.50 34. 7 60. 2 94.9 +2.16 + .24 .5.00 5.01 5 01 2.01 1..50 2.75 3.66 4.76 5.16 40.2 30.0 [25.8] 23.3 55.0 73.0 95.2 103.0 +0.24 - .15 1.0 1.0 1 3.22 4.39 64.3 87.6 + .62 1.0 1.5.02 9.63 14.31 ■■[29.' 8] 64.1 95.3 + .71 } 4.0 '^'^^*' 1 [2U.09] [.5.99] 3.21 4.77 - .24 ri..5oi Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 c, J , L J 4.60 3.05 3.28 3.41 1.43 .623 (a\ 2.71 2.79 2.82 2.49 4.14 3.41 2.82 2 49 31.1 20.4 58.9 91.4 86.0 73.0 90.0 111.8 86.0 73.0 +0.46 - .36 + .46 + .92 4.0 2.0 1 Total Average Third subperiofl : 1903— Mar. « 9 10 11 Total Average Entire preservative perirjd: 14. :« 3.-58 2.05 1.02 10.81 2.70 12. 86 3. 22 14.3 7.5.4 89.7 +1.48 + .36 7.0 1.86 3.51 4.25 4.56 2.18 2.26 . 1. 12 1.65 2.34 2.52 2.73 2.68 4.52 4.78 3.85 4.33 117.8 64.4 26.4 36.2 126.5 71.8 64.2 58.8 244.3 136.2 90.6 95.0 -2.67 -1.27 + .40 + .23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.17 3.54 7.21 1.80 10.27 2.57 17.48 4.37 50.9 72.5 123.4 - 3. 31 0.0 43. .5.^ 30.71 44.65 ■■■[si.'-ii 70.6 102.6 -1.12 \ 11.0 '^"^^ 1 [48.60] [15.25] 2.79 4.06 - .10 [1.62] AJUr period. 190:i— Mar. 12 13 14 15 •■ -• 5.10 4.67 5.65 5.07 6.04 5.29 5.14 4.17 2.77 2.14 2.49 1.55 2.23 1.62 1.69 .770 2. 35 2.46 2.26 2.45 2.78 2.60 2.42 2.37 5.12 4.60 4.75 4.00 .5.01 4.12 4.11 3.14 54.3 4.5.8 44.1 TO. 6 44. 2 :jo.6 32.9 18.5 46.1 62.7 40.0 48. 3 5.5.2 47.3 47.1 56.8 100.4 98.5 84.1 78. 9 99.4 77.9 80.0 76.3 -0.02 + .07 + .90 + 1.07 + .03 + 1.17 + 1.03 + 1.03 16 17 18 19 Total 40.13 i 16.26 5 02 1 91 19. 69 2.46 :{4.H6 4 iUl 38.0 48.8 86.8 +6.28 + .(Mi 1 1 a No moveiiii'til. 324 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table L,^.— Phosphoric-acid halances for Series III — Continued. ZN^o. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Peb. 19 Grams. 3.83 3.30 [3.45] 3.99 4.10 3.78 4.06 3.48 3.81 Grams. 1.37 .524 [.92] 1.02 1.64 .480 1.04 1.21 .782 Grams. 1.84 2.48 Lost. 2.42 2.87 2.68 2.43 2.44 2.28 Grams. 3.21 3.00 '""3.' 44' 4.51 3.16 3.47 3.65 3.06 Per a. 35.8 15.8 [26.7] 25.6 40.0 12.7 25.6 34.8 20.5 Per ct. 48.0 75.1 Per ct. 83.8 90.9 Grams. +0. 62 + .30 Grams. 20 21 22 60.6 70.0 70.9 59.9 70.1 59.8 86.2 110.0 83.6 85.5 104.9 80.3 + .55 - .41 + .62 + .59 - .17 + .75 23 24 25 26 27 Total 1 30.35 19.44 27.50 "■[26: 6] 64.0 90.6 +2.85 [33.80] 3.79 [3.76] [8. 986] / 2.43 3.44 + .35 Average ■! [1.00] Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Feb 28 3.69 0.637 .887 2.29 2.78 2.93 3.67 17.3 22.5 62.1 70.6 79.4 93.1 +0.76 + .27 1 Mar. 1 3.94 («) 3.30 1 2 1 3 .981 2.59 3.57 29.7 78.5 108.2 - .27 1 Total 10.93 3.64 2.505 .84 7.66 2.55 10.17 3.39 22.9 70.1 93.0 + .76 + .25 4 Second subperiod: :fe03 Mar 4 3.47 3.72 4.02 3.30 1.13 .349 1.34 .794 2.41 2.09 2.39 2.41 3.54 2.44 3.73 3.20 32.6 9.4 33.3 24.0 69.4 56.2 59.5 73.0 102.0 65.6 92.8 97.0 -0.07 +1.28 + .29 + .10 4 5 4 6 2 2.0 Total 14.51 3.63 3.613 .903 9.30 2.325 12.91 3. 23 24.9 64.1 89.0 +1.60 + .40 12 Average Tliird subperiod : 1903— Mar. 8 3.67 0.510 1.46 .708 .386 2.55 2.39 2.30 2.00 3.06 3.85 3.01 2.39 13.9 46.5 18.7 17:4 69.5 76.1 60.5 an 1 83.4 122.6 79.2 107.6 +0.61 - .71 + .79 - .17 3.0 9 . 3.14 3.80 2.22 3 10 2 11 3.0 Total 12.83 3.21 3.064 .77 9.24 2.31 12. 30 3.08 23.9 72.0 95.9 + .53 + .13 11 Average Entire preservative period: Total : Average 38.27 3.48 9. 182 .84 26.20 2.38 35.38 3.22 24.0 68.4 92.4 +2.89 + .26 27.0 After period. 1903— Mar. 12 3.47 4.27 3.99 3.65 3.63 (4.13) 3.22 3.89 1.26 .585 1.29 .582 .738 Lost. 1.15 lv02 1.76 2.71 2.36 1.95 1.95 (L94) 1.95 1.61 3.02 3.30 3.65 2.53 2.68 36.3 13.8 32.3 16.4 20.3 50.7 63.5 59.2 54.9 53.7 (47. 0) 60.6 41.4 87.0 77.3 91.5 71.3 74.0 +0.45 + .97 + .34 +1.02 + .95 13 14 ..., 15 16 17 18 19 Total 1 3.10 2.63 35.7 26.2 96.3 67.6 + .12 +1.26 26.02 ^30.1.51 6. 625 '"'".'95" '(16.23)' 20.91 25.5 "(53.' 8) 80.4 + 5.11 '^^•era^e 1 ^1^2 2.99 -t- .73 (2.03) 1 a Discarded. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 325 Table LX. — Phospltoric-dcid balances for Sericx III — (\)ntinued. Period and date. Fore period. 19J3— Feb. 1 In food. Grams. Absent. 4.52 4.30 (3.90) .=>.33 4.79 5.07 3.80 .5.01 In feces. Gravis. Total I Average \ Preservative period, i First .'iubperiod : 1903— Feb. 28. Mar. 1. 2. 3. 1.22 .671 («) .552 1.17 1.56 1.46 1.29 3 I 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) In urine Grams. 2.26 2.53 (2.57) 3.35 2.95 2.65 2.99 2.71 Grams. 3.48 3.10 3.90 4.12 4.21 4.45 4.00 32. 82 (36.72)1 4. 69 1. 117 (4.53) 27. 26 ^22. 01) 3.89 (•'• "5) 3.87 1.23 3.31 4. 22 1.86 3.41 [4.501 [ .972] Lost. 0.18 1.31 3.49 4.54 5.27 Total Average . 13.27 [17.77]; 4.42 [4.44] [.5.372] 'ii.'343i 10.21 "'3."46' 14. 61 "'4.' 87 In feces. (2+1) Per ct. 27.0 13.3 10.4 24.4 30.8 38.4 25. 7 6 In urine. (3-4-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) Per ct. Per ct. 50.0 58.8 (65. 9) 62.8 61.6 52.2 78.7 54.1 77.0 72.1 73.2 86.0 83.0 117.1 79.8 23.9 83.1 (.59.9) 8 Balance. (1-4) Grams. +1.04 +1.20 + 1.43 + .67 + .86 - .65 + 1.01 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Grams. +5.56 + .80 31.7 44.1 [21.6] 25.3 [30.2] 67.4 117.3 124. 9 92.7 -0.67 -1.05 + .38 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 110. 1 -1.34 1 1 i - .45 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 4.04 4 01 1.07 1 ')q 2.83 9 ■/» 3.90 ^. (17 26.4 32.2 16.0 39. 1 70.1 69. 3 82.7 ii«.y 96.5 101.5 98.7 143. 1 +0.H — .06 4.0 4 (1 6 3.87 .621 ' 3.20 3.82 2.65 1 .997 2.65 3.65 + .05 i 2,0 -1.10 1 •' Total 14.47 1 3.978 j 11.46 1.5.44 3 62 994 1 2 86 i 3 86 27.5 79.2 106. 7 - .97 - .24 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 10........ 11 3.02 2.53 3. (■)5 1..52 0.887 .693 1.25 1.07 2.07 1 2.96 2.07 j 2.76 2.40 ! 3.65 1.84 1 2.91 29.4 27.4 34.2 70.4 68.6 81.7 65. 8 121.0 98. 1 +0. 06 109.1 - .23 100. . 00 191.4 -1.39 3.0 1.7 3.0 2.U Total Average 10.72 1 3.900 2 68 ' 't'-T 8.38 2.09 12. 28 3.07 36.4 78.2 114.6 -1..56 9.7 - .39 K n t i r e i)reservati ve period: Total 1 38.46 [12. %] 3. 49 [3. .58] 30. 05 42. 33 ■■■[so.'sj 78.2 110.1 -3.87 } 25. 7 [13.250] 1 2.73 3.85 - .36 .\veragc -■, [i.itwj A/I' r pi rind . (3.27) IjMi (2.26) (1.87) 2.02 1.63 (69. 1 ) (49. 1 ) 42.9 46.5 13 (3.81V LiTIVES ON HEALTH. Table LX. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series III — Continued^ ISTo. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Feb. 19 Grams. 4.91 5.22 5.14 5.57 5.02 5.52 5.43 4.87 5.66 Grams. 0.901 .531 .321 3.91 2.12 .970 1.55 3.56 .544 Grains. 2.74 3.31 3.47 3.27 3.02 3.70 3.55 3.47 3.15 Grams. 3.64 3.84 4.09 7.18 5.14 4.67 5.10 7.03 3.69 Per ct. 18.4 10.2 12.1 70.2 42.2 17.6 28.5 73.1 9.6 Per ct. 55.8 63.4 67.5 58.7 60.2 67.0 65.4 71.3 55.6 Per ct. 74.1 73.6 79.6 128. 9 102.4 84.6 93.9 144.4 65.2 Grams. +1.27 + 1.38 +1.05 -1.61 - .12 + .85 + .33 -2.16 ■1-1.97 Grams. 20 21 22 23 24 . .. 25 26 27 Total 47.34 5.26 14. 707 1.63 29.68 3.30 44.38 4.93 31.1 62.7 93.7 +2.96 + .23 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 5.32 5.40 [5.33] 4.89 3.08 .213 [1.38J 3.09 3.11 3.23 Lost. 3.57 6.19 3.443 57.9 39.4 [25.9] 63.2 58.5 59.8 116.4 63.8 -0.87 +1. 957 1 1 2 1 3 73.0 136.2 -1.77 1 Total 1 15.61 [20. 94] 5.20 [6.24] 9.91 16. 293 ■■■[37."ii 63.5 104.4 - .683 1 4.0 [7.76] Average I 3.30 5.428 - .228 [1.94] ! Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 4.89 4.93 6.01 4.43 1.73 1.26 2.25 1.17 3.28 3.15 3.36 3.56 5.01 4.41 5.61 4.73 35.4 25.6 37.4 26.4 67.1 63.9 55.9 80.4 102.5 89.5 93.3 106.8 -0.12 + .52 + .40 - .30 4 5 . 4 6 2 2 Total Average 20.26 5.06 6.41 1.60 13.35 3.34 19.76 4.94 31.6 65.9 97.5 + .50 + .12 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 4.19 3.48 3.47 2.80 0.960 .317 .656 .264 3.25 3.03 2.40 2.38 4.21 3.35 3.06 2.64 22.9 9.1 18.9 9.4 77.6 87.1 69.2 85 100.5 96.3 88.2 Ql S -0.02 + .13 + .41 + .16 3 9 3.0 2 2 10., 11 3 Total 13.94 3.48 2.197 .55 11.06 2.76 13.26 3.32 15.8 79.3 95.1 + .68 + .17 11 2 Average Entire preservative period: Total 1 49.81 [55. 14] 4. 53 [4.60] 34.32 51.23 "■■[33.'ii 68.9 102.8 -1.42 1 27.2 [18. 287] ■"■[L52]" Average | 3.12 4.66 - .13 After period. 1903— Mar. 12 4.29 4.72 6.11 5.59 5.41 5.64 5.27 5.79 2.44 1.65 2.27 (a) 1.84 2.54 .486 1.72 3.44 2.96 3.37 3.16 2.74 2.61 2.62 2.89 5.88 4.61 5.64 3.16 4.58 5.15 3.11 4.61 56.9 35.0 37.1 "'"34.'6' 45.0 9.2 29.7 80.2 62.7 55.2 56.5 50.7 46.3 49.7 49.9 137.1 97.7 92.3 56.5 84.7 91.3 59.0 79.6 -1.59 + .11 + .47 +2.43 + .83 + .49 +2. 16 +1.18 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 42.82 5.35 12. 946 1.62 23.79 2.97 36.74 4.59 30.2 55.6 85.8 +6.08 + .76 Average a- No movement. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 327 Table LX. — PJtosphoric acid balances for Series III — Continued. ISTo. 6. 1 Period and date. ^ , ^ In food. a. In feces. In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903_Ff b. 19 Grams. 3.31 3.15 3.00 3.39 4.13 4.68 4. .55 3.54 Grams. («) 0.358 2.64 1.23 C) .983 1.19 1.64 Gram.<<. 1.54 2.08 1.94 1.88 2.06 2.68 2.70 2.34 2.09 Grams. 1.54 2.44 4.58 3.11 2.06 3.66 3.89 3.98 2.09 Per ct. "'ii.l' 88.0 36.3 '"2i."6' 26.2 46.3 Per ct. 46.5 66.0 64.7 55.4 49.9 57.2 59.3 66.1 50.0 Per ct. 46.5 77.4 1.52. 7 91.7 49.9 78.2 85.5 112.4 50.0 Grams. +1.77 + .71 -1.58 + .28 +2. 07 + 1.02 + .66 - .44 +2. 09 Grams. 20 21 09 23 24 25 26 27 4.18 Total 33.93 ; 8.041 3.77 , .89 19.31 2.15 27.35 3.04 23.7 56.9 80.6 +6. 58 + .73 Presen'ative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 2.s Mar. 1 2 3 3. 23 2. 34 2.78 . 2.40 [4.55] [2.11] 4.72 i .874 1.99 2.51 Lost. 2.74 4.33 4.91 "k'.hi 72.5 86.3 [46.4] 18.5 61.6 90.3 134.1 176.6 -1.10 -2. 13 1.0 .0 .0 58.0 76.5 +1.11 .0 in 73 7.24 12.85 67.5 119.8 -2. 12 } 1-° Total \ ^15,.2s] ( 3. 58 [7.72] [50.5] 2.41 4.28 - .70 -•^^•erage { ^?if^-^ [1.93] Second svibperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 •- -* 3.43 3.78 4.67 4.23 1.77 2.45 1.40 1.54 2.99 2.56 2.34 2.67 4.76 5.01 3.74 4.21 51.6 64.8 30.0 37.0 87.2 67.7 50.1 63.0 138.8 132. 5 80.1 100.0 -1.33 -1.23 + .93 + .02 0.0 .0 6 1.0 2.0 Total .Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 16.11 1 7.16 4.03 1 1.79 10.56 9, fi4 17.72 4.43 44.5 65.5 110.0 -1.61 - .40 3.0 1 4.24 1.11 3.25 1 .899 4.45 1 (a) 3.65 1 1.22 2.07 2.61 2.21 2.21 3.18 3.51 2.21 3.43 26.2 27.7 "'33.4' 48.8 80.3 49.7 60.6 75.0 108.0 49.7 94.0 + 1.06 - .26 +2.24 + .22 3.0 3.0 10 3.0 11 3.0 Total 15. 59 3.90 3. 23 9. 10 .80 2.28 12.33 3.08 20.7 58.4 79.1 +3.26 + .82 12.0 Average Entire preservative periwl : Total 1 Average \ 42.43 [46. 98] 3.86 f3. 921 "[i8.'ii]" 20. 90 42. 90 ■■[:«.' 6] 63.4 101.1 -0.47 \ 16.0 2.45 3.90 - .04 11 511 1 After period. VMr.'r—y\>iT. 12 13 4.44 1.60 3.72 1 1.70 4.89 1 .655 4.71 1 1.53 3.89 1.59 4.58 1.61 3.62 2.74 ^4.30) Uyf,i. 2.61 2.36 2.27 2. .57 1.71 1.87 1.69 (2.28) 4.21 4.06 2.92 4.10 3.30 3.48 4.43 36.0 45.7 13.4 32. 5 40.9 :j.5.2 75.7 .58. 8 63. 4 46. 3 54.5 43.9 40.8 46.7 (53.0) 94.8 109. 1 .59.7 87.0 84.8 76.0 122.4 +0. 23 - .34 + 1.97 + .61 + .59 + 1.10 - .81 14 15 le 17 18 19 Total 1 29.85 11.425 (:H.15) 4.2(i I 1 (U< 26.50 38.3 ■■(56:8) 88.8 +3. 85 (17.86) A veragc < 3.78 + .48 (4.27) (2. 17) 1 a No movement. 328 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXI. — Summar-y of pJtosphoric-acid balances for Series III. Four iTien. Period. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.l Grams. 45.02 :^o. ;i5 Grams. 22.53 Grams. 23.79 19.44 Grams. 46.32 27.50 Per ct. 50.0 ""[26." 6]" 23.9 Per ct. 52.8 64.0 Per ct. 102.9 90.6 Grams. - 1.30 + 2.85 Grains. ■N^ .-> 1 ^0-^ \: m.sm [8. 986] 7.82 No.4 1 32. 82 (36. 72) 47.34 27.26 "(59." 9) 62.7 83.1 + 5.56 (22.01) 29.68 No.5 14. 707 44.39 31.1 93.7 + 2.95 ( 155. 53 (1.59.43) [158. 981 4 7] (4.69) [4.68] 145. 47 93.5 + 10.06 Total I (94. 92) (59. 5) [54. 043] [34.0] 1 1 4.40 + .31 Average i (2.79) ■[1.59]" 1 . Preservative period. First subperiod: No.l 1 15.16 [20. 10] 10.93 13.27 [17.77] 15.61 [20. 94] 8.71 15.09 "■[42.' 6] 22.9 " [30.' 2] ""[46." 2] 57.0 99.5 + 0.07 1 4.0 4.0 1 4.0 1 4.0 j- 16.0 [8. 568] 2. 505 No.3 No.4 1 No.5 1 7.66 10.21 10.16 14.61 70.1 76.9 93.0 110.1 + .77 - 1..34 [5.372]" 9.91 1.8. 21 63.5 116.7 - 2.60 [9. 68] Total 1 Average | 54. 97 [69. 74] 4.58 [4. 65] 36.49 58.07 ""[37." 5]" 66.4 105.6 - 3.10 [26. 125] 3.04 4.84 — .26 (1741 Second subperiod: No.l 18.88 14.51 14.47 20.26 7.14 3.613 3.978 6.41 11.63 9.30 11.46 13.35 18.77 12.91 15. 44 19.76 37.8 24.9 27.5 31.6 61.6 64.1 79.2 65.9 99.4 89.0 106.7 97.5 + 0.11 + 1.60 - .97 + .50 12 No.3 12 No.4 12.0 No.5 12 Total 68.12 4.26 21.141 1 . H-> 45. 74 2.86 66.88 4.18 31.0 67.2 98.2 + 1.24 + .08 48.0 Average Third subperiod: No.l 18.00 12. 83 10.72 13. 94 5.62 3.064 3.900 2.197 10.79 9.24 8.38 11.06 16.41 12.30 12.28 13. 26 31.2 23.9 36.4 15.8 59.9 72.0 78.2 79.3 91.2 95.9 114.6 95.1 + 1.59 + .53 - 1.56 + 68 10 No.3 11.0 No.4 9.7 No.5 11 9 Total . 55.49 3.47 14. 781 .92 39.47 2.47 54. 25 3.39 26.6 71; 1 97.7 + 1.24 + .08 41 9 Average Entire preservative period: No.l 1 52.04 [56. 98] 38. 27 38.46 [42. 96] 49.81 [55. 14] 31.13 50. 27 ■"[37."4]" 24.0 " [so'sj "i33."ii 59.8 96.6 + 1.772 1 26.0 [21. 328] 9.182 No.3 26.20 30.05 35.38 42.33 68.5 78.2 92.5 110.1 + 2.88 - 3.87 27 No.4 1 }• 25.7 [13. 250] No.5 { 34.32 51.23 68.9 102.8 - 1.42 1 27.2 ri8. 2871 •- Total j 178. 58 [193. 35] 4.05 "[62."647J 121.70 179. 21 ■"[32."ij 68.2 100.4 - .63 1 105. 9 Average i 2.77 4.07 - .02 [4.11] [1.32] After period. No.l No 3 j 41.71 26.02 (30. 15) 15. 96 (27. 35) [19. 98] 42. 82 19.09 6.625 21.02 40.11 20.91 45.8 25.5 50.4 "(53."8) 96.2 80.4 + 1.60 + 5.11 (16. 23) 1 11.03 69.1 + 4.93 No.4 1 (13.60) (49.7) \ [4.72] 12. 946 [23. 6] 30.2 No.5 23.79 36.74 55.6 85.8 + 6.08 f 126. 51 (142.03) [130. 53] 4.68 (4.58) [4.66] 108. 79 86.0 + 17.72 Total } """[43." 381] (74.64) (52.6) [33.2] (2."4i) 4.03 + .65 Average .! 1 [1..55] 1 1 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 829 Table LXI.— ,S'm»j/H'<>7/ of pJiosphoric-ackl balances for Serien ///^Continued. Five iiaen. Period. In food. Fore period. No..' No. 3 y<>.i -\o.5 Average I'rescrv'itive period. First subperiod: iN'o.l I Xo.2. Xo.3. Xo.4. Xo.5. Total . Average . Second subperiod: No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No.4 No. 5 Total... Average Third subperiod: No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No.4 No. 5 Total . . . Average Entire preservative lJcri (36. 72j 47.34 8 In feces. Grams. •22. bS 14.80 [8. 986] 7.82 3 In urine. In feces and urine. (2+3) Grams. 23. 79 25. 73 19.44 46.32 40. 53 27. 50 14. 707 27. 26 (22.01) 29.68 198.22 (202.12) [201. 67] 4.72 (4.70)' [4.69] [68. 843] { [1.60] 1 (120.65) ■■■(2."8i) 44.38 185. 99 ""4.'43 15.16 [20. 10] 15.02 [20. 09] 10.93 13.27 [17.77] 15. 61 [20. 94] [8. 568] 8.71 [5. 99] 2.505 [5.372] :9. 081 ' 7.66 10.21 9.91 69. 99 [89. Ki] 4.67 [4.73] 18.88 14.34 14.51 14.47 20. 26 [32. 115] ■■ii.'69J' 7.14 2. 05 3.613 3.978 6.41 82. 40 4.12 23.191 1.16 18.00 14.17 12.83 10.72 13.94 5. 62 7.21 3.064 3.900 2. 197 69. (x; 3.48 21.991 1.10 [21.328] [15. 25] 9. 182 I'otal AveraKe . 52.04 [56. 98] 43. 5:1 [48. m] 38.27 ;«. 46 [ 42. 9*;] 49.81 [5.5.14] 222.11 [241.95]: [77.297] 4.04 I [4.10] [1.810] 11.63 10.81 9.30 11.46 13.35 56.55 2.83 10.79 10.27 9.24 8.38 11.06 49.74 2.49 [13.250] ' |i«.'287i 31.13 '36.' 7i 26. 20 ■M. 05 84.82 1.52,41 '"i'77' 10.17 14.61 18.21 18.77 12.86 12. 91 1.5. 44 19.76 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-Hl) Per ct. [ Per ct. 7 In feces and urine. (4H-1) 50.0 34.7 [26.6] 23.9 [34.1] 52.8 60.2 64.0 Per ct. 102.9 94.9 90.6 (59.9) 62.7 I 83.1 '93.' 7 (59.7) 93.8 8 Balance. (1-4) Grams. - 1.30 + 2.16 + 2.85 + 6.56 + 2.96 + 12.23 [42.6] 57.5 'ei.'i' 99.5 "95.' 3 [29.8] 22. 9 I 70. 1 93. 76.9 110.1 [30.2] I 63.5 116.7 [46.2] I [35. 8] .17.8 14.3 24.9 27.5 31.6 65.9 61.6 7.5.4 64.1 7^.2 6.5.9 79.74 3.99 16.41 17.48 12.30 12.28 13.26 71.73 3. .59 .50.27 '44.'6.5 :15. 39 42. 33 51.23 223.87 '4.07' 28.1 68.6 103.4 99.4 89.7 89.0 106.7 97.5 96.7 31.2 60.9 23.9 36.4 1.5.8 .59.9 72.5 72.0 78.2 79.3 31.6 [37.4] [31.4] 24.0 [30.8] ■[83.' ij 71.4 91.2 123.4 95.9 114.6 95.1 103.0 59.8 96.6 68. 5 92. 5 78.2 110.1 08.9 102.8 [31.9] 68.6 100.8 + .29 + 0.07 + ■1 1 J + .76 - 1.34 2.60 2.40 ".io" + 0.11 + 1.48 + 1.60 - .97 + .50 + 2.72 + .13 + 1.59 - 3.31 + .52 - 1..56 + .68 2.07 .11 + 1.772 :;.■■; i 12 ■ + 2.88 - 3.87 - 1.42 1.76 1 .03 330 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXII. — Fhosiyhoric-acid balances for Series IV. ISTo. v. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2 + 3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fore lyeriod. 1903— Mar. 20 Grams. 2.83 4.33 3.73 3.66 2.81 3.55 3.59 4.49 Gi-ams. 1.45 2.26 1.81 1.44 1.62 1.25 2.97 .944 Grams. 1.12 2.06 1.70 1.92 1.57 1.62 2.18 1.83 Grams. 2.57 4.32 3.51 3.36 3.19 2.87 5.15 2.77 Per ct. 51.2 52.2 48.5 39.3 57.6 35.2 82.7 21.0 Per ct. 39.6 47.6 45.6 52.5 55.9 45.6 60.7 40.7 Per ct. 90.8 99.8 94.1 91.8 113.5 80.8 143. 5 61.7 Grams. +0.26 + .01 + .22 + .30 - .38 + .68 -1.56 +1. 72 Grams. 21 22 23 24 . .. 25 26 27 Total 28.99 3.62 13. 744 1.718 14.00 1.75 27. 74 3.47 47.4 48.3 95.7 +1.25 + .15 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 3.66 3.94 3.50 3.97 2.03 2. 92 2.10 1.59 2.10 1.81 2.04 2.06 4.13 4.73 4.14 3.65 55.5 74.1 60.0 40.0 57.4 45.9 58.3 51.9 112. 8 120. 1 118.3 91.9 -0.47 - .79 .- .64 + .32 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total 15.07 3.77 8.64 2.16 8.01 2.00 16.65 4.16 57.3 53.2 110.5 -1.58 - .39 2 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Apr. 1 3.46 («) 1.09 1.09 31.5 31.5 +2.37 1.0 a No movement. ISTo. S. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 4.f5 5.16 5.01 (4.47) 4.19 4.40 4.78 5.54 0.405 1.59 .935 Lost, (a) 2.65 2.04 («) 2.71 2.40 2.64 (2.28) 2.61 3.56 3.03 3.46 3.11 3.99 3. .58 8.2 30.8 18.7 54.7 46.5 52.7 (51.0) 62.3 80.9 63.4 62.5 62.8 77.3 71.5 + 1.84 + 1.17 + 1.43 21 22 '.... 23 24 2.61 6.21 5.07 3.46 '66.'2' 42.7 62.3 141.1 106.1 62.5 + 1.58 - 1.81 - .29 + 2.08 25 26 27 Total 1 34.03 (38. 50) 4.86 (4.81) 7.62 28.03 22.4 ""(58.'9) 82.4 + 6.00 (22.69) Average \ 1.09 4.00 + .86 (2.84) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 4.'?8 5.07 4.45 4.93 1.39 2.81 2.57 1.89 2.47 3.07 3.17 3.19 3.86 5.88 5.74 5.08 29.1 55.4 57.8 ' 38.3 51.7 60.6 71.2 64.7 80.8 116.0 129.0 103.0 + 0.92 - .81 - 1.29 - .15 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total 19.23 4.81 8.66 2.16 11.90 2.98 20.56 5.14 45.0 61.9 106.9 - 1.33 - .33 2.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Apr. 1... . 4.78 4.65 5.27 4.76 (a)- 2.60 1.19 2. ,53 2.92 2.53 3.05 2.92 2.92 5.13 4.24 5.45 ""55.'9' 22.6 53.2 61.1 54.4 57.9 61.4 61.1 110.3 80.5 114.5 + 1.86 - .48 + 1.03 - .69 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2 3 4 Total 19.46 4.86 6.32 1.58 11.42 9.Sfi 17.74 4.44 32.5 58.7 91.2 + 1.72 + .42 4.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 38.69 4.84 38.30 4.79 38.7 60.3 99.0 + 0.39 + .05 6.0 Average 1.87 2.92 BORIC ACID AND BORAX, 331 Tablh LXII. — Phosj)]ioric-acid balances fur Series IV — Continued. ZS'o. 8— Continued. Period jind date. In food. 3 In feces. In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) Preservalirr ptiiud — ■ Continued. Third subperiod: 1903— Af.r. .=> 6 7 8 9 Total Average Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total Average Fourth subperiod: 1903— Apr. 10 11 12 13 14 Total Average Entire pre.>;ervative period: Total .\verage Afler period . 190;i— Apr. 1.5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total Average Gravis. 4.94 4.97 4.95 4.83 4.59 Grams. (a) 1.50 2.59 2.07 1.46 Grams. 2.90 I 3.25 3.41 i 2.95 1 2.82 i Grams. 2.90 4.75 6.00 5.02 4.28 Per ct. 30.2 52.3 42.7 31.8 Per ct. •58.7 65.4 68.9 61.1 61.4 Per ct. 58.7 95.6 121. 2 103.9 93.2 Grams. + 2.04 + .22 - 1.05 - .19 + .31 24. 28 4.86 7.62 1.52 16.33 I 22.95 3. 07 1 4. 59 31.4 63.1 94.5 + 1.33 + .27 62.97 4.84 22. 60 1.74 38. 65 61. 25 2.97 I 4.71 3.5.9 + 1.72 + .13 5.24 4.. 57 4.71 4.62 4.64 1.23 1.37 2.40 .955 1.30 23. 78 4.76 7.315 1.463 .i. II 3.34 3.12 2.21 2.64 14.08 2.82 4.00 4.71 5.52 3.17 4.00 21.40 4.28 23.5 30.0 51.0 20.7 29.3 30. 52.9 73.1 66.2 47.8 56.9 59.2 76.3 103.1 117.2 68.6 86.2 90.0 86. 75 4.82 29. 915 1.66 52.73 2.93 82.65 4.59 4.22 4.51 .5,49 4.40 4.44 4.23 4.42 4.02 35.73 4.47 1.06 2.76 3.82 1.29 2.45 3.74 1.22 2.86 4.08 .914 2.53 3.44 2.00 2.72 4.72 2.35 2.48 4.83 (a) 3.09 3.09 2.41 2.62 5.03 11.244 21.51 32. 75 1.400 2.69 4.09 25.1 28.6 22.2 20.8 45.0 55.6 59.9 60.8 96.3 + 1.24 - .14 - .81 + 1.46 + .64 + 2.38 + .48 + 4.10 + .23 65.4 54.3 52.1 57.5 61.3 58.6 69.9 65.2 60.2 90.5 82.9 74.3 78.2 106.3 114.2 69.9 125. 1 91.7 + 0.40 + .77 -f 1.41 + .96 - .28 - .60 + 1.33 - 1.01 + 2.98 + .38 4.8 96.5 10.5.4 112.2 99.8 103. 6 74.7 + 0.69 + 2. 19 + .26 - .27 - ..52 + .01 - .17 + 1.47 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 91.3 + 3.66 + .45 Total 41.94 6.24 14.9(i 1.87 23.32 2.92 3.04 2.73 2.87 3.08 38.28 4.79 3.5.7 56.6 Average I'rffcrmlire period. FIntt f*uliperkj ■' 60. 9 93. 1 + 2 64 Average 4.44 + .33 ISTo. lO. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 4.48 6.56 4.19 3.20 3.53 4.67 4.82 5.57 1.38 1.71 .906 1.04 1.46 1.95 ■ 2.11 2.07 2.43 2.44 2.82 2.09 2.79 3.21 3.00 2.67 3.81 4.15 3.72 3.13 4.25 5.16 5.11 4.74 30.8 30.7 21.6 32.5 41.4 41.8 43.8 37.2 54. 2 43.9 67.3 65.3 79.0 68.7 62.2 47.9 85.0 74.6 88.8 97.8 120. 4 110.5 106.0 86.1 +0.67 +1.41 + .47 + .07 - .72 - .49 - .29 -f .83 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 36.02 4.60 12. 625 1.58 21.45 2.68 34.07 4.26 35.0 59.6 94.6 +1. 95 + .24 Average ^- No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 333 Tablk LXII. — P}ti>.yi)ioi-lc-acid halances for Serlex /T — Continued. IN'o. IC)— Continued. 1 Period mid date. 1 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 ' In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Preservatire period. First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 1 Grams. 4.68 5. 05 4.42 4.93 Grams. 2. 75 2.60 1.31 2.91 Gravis. 2.95 2.64 2.61 2.85 Grams. 5.70 5.24 3.92 5.76 Per ct. 58.8 51.5 29.6 .59.0 1 Per ct. 63.0 52.3 59.1 57.8 Per ct. 121. 8 103.8 88.7 116.8 Grams. -1.02 - .19 + ..50 - .83 Grams. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 19. 08 4.77 9.57 2.29 11.05 2.76 20. 62 5.15 50.2 57.9 108.1 -1.54 - .38 2.0 Second subperiod: 1903 — Apr. 1 ... 4.73 4.61 .=S.38 4.70 1.46 2.51 1.69 1.28 2. .55 1.75 4.04 2.49 4.01 4.26 5.73 3.77 30.9 .54.4 31.4 27.2 53.9 38.0 75.1 53.0 84.8 92.4 106.5 80.2 +0. 72 + .35 - .35 + .93 1.0 2 i'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. . i 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 19. 42 4.86 6. 94 1.74 10.83 2.71 17.77 4.45 35.7 55.8 91.5 +1.65 + .41 4.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 38. .tO 4.81 16. 51 2.06 21.88 2.74 38.39 4.80 42.9 56.8 99.7 +0.11 + .01 6.0 Third subperiod: 1903 \pr 5 4.95 4.78 4.86 4.67 4.48 1..54 1.75 2.01 2. 16 1.79 2.91 2.63 3.11 2.98 2.m 4.45 4.3.S 5.12 5.14 4.62 31.1 36.6 41.3 46.3 39.9 .58.8 5.5.0 64.0 63.8 63.2 89.9 91.6 105.3 110.1 103.1 +0. 50 + .40 - .26 - .47 - .14 1.0 6 1.0 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 Total Average 23.74 4.75 9. 25 1.85 14. 46 2.89 23.71 4.74 39.0 60.9 99.9 + .03 + .01 5.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total Average 62. 24 4.79 25. 76 1.98 36.34 2.80 62. 10 4.78 41.4 58.4 99.8 +0.14 + .01 11.0 Fourth subperifjd: 190:j— Apr. 10 11 12 13 14 5.18 4.48 4.52 4.33 .5.78 0. .526 3.61 1.69 .705 2.t>8 2.63 3.62 3.28 2.93 2.63 3.16 7.23 4.97 3.64 .5.31 10.2 80.6 37.4 16.4 i 46.4 50.8 80.8 72.6 67.7 45.5 61.0 161.4 110.0 84.1 91.9 +2.02 -2.75 - .45 + .69 + .47 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Total Average 24. 29 4.86 9.211 1.84 15.09 3.02 24.31 4.86 37.9 62.1 100.0 - .02 .00 11.0 Entire preservative r>eriod: Total Average 86.53 4.81 34.97 1.94 51.43 2.86 86.41 4.80 40.4 59.4 99.8 +0. 12 + .01 22.0 -l/f'r pirioil. 1 i 1 17 2.94 3. .38 4. 33 4.67 4.60 4.35 ! (5.59 1 («) ■ I") , 2..V2 2.41 1 3.57 2.22 2.54 2.87 2. 20 3.44 2.14 2.86 2.54 2.87 4.72 .5.85 5.71 1 22.4 "'.54.'6' 52. 4 82.1 75. 5 7.5.1 66. 3 47.1 74.8 49.2 97.9 75.1 66. 3 101.1 127.2 131.3 +0.08 + .84 + 1.46 - .05 -1.25 -1.36 IK 19 20 21 22 Total Average 24.27 . 4.04 1 9. 159 1 1.53 1 15.41 2.67 24.55 4.10 87.7 68.5 101.2 i .28 .05 "No iiioveiiielit. 834 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXII. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series Jl"— Continued. DSTo. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 ■ In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 8 In feces and Balance, urine. (1—4) ■ (4-1) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fore.period {excluded). 1903— Mar. 20 Cfraw.s. 5.12 5.35 4.87 (4.43) 4.05 4.33 4.60 5.51 Grams. 1.66 1.24 1.62 Lost. .691 2.55 1.06 1.68 Grams. 2.34 2.46 2.82 (2. 83) 3.09 3.17 2.52 3.03 Grams. 4.00 3.70 4.44 Per ct. 32.4 23.2 33.3 Per ct. 45.7 46.0 57.9 (63.4) 76.3 73.2 54.8 55.0 Per ct. 78.1 69.2 91.2 Grams. +1. 12 +1.65 + .43 ■ Grams. 21 22 23 24 3.78 5.72 3.58 4.71 17.0 58.9 23.0 30.5 93.3 132.1 77.8 85.5 , + .27 -1.39 + 1.02 4- .80 25 26 27 Total 1 Average i 33.83 (38.26) 4.83 (4.78) 10.501 29.93 31.1 ■■(58.'2J 88.5 +3.90 (22. 26) 1.50 4.28 + .55 (2.78) Preservative period. First subperiod (ex- cluded): 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 4.45 4.93 .97 2.50 1.62 3.24 2.98 2.53 2.10 5.48 4.15 5.84 56.2 32.9 33.4 67.0 51.3 21.6 123.2 84.2 55.0 -1.03 + .78 -4.37 0.5 .5 .0 Total 10.35 3.45 7.36 2.45 7.61 2.54 14.97 4.99 71.1 73.5 144.6 -4.62 -1.54 1.0 Average Fwe period. 1903— Mar. 31 1.59 2.51 3.38 4.96 (a) 0.720 .601 1.11 1.51 1.55 2.20 2.69 1.51 2.27 2.80 3.80 "'28.'7" 17.7 22.4 ■ 95.0 61.7 65.1 54.2 95.0 90.4 82.8 76.6 + 0.C8 + .24 + .58 +1.16 0.0 Apr. 1 .0 2 .0 3 .0 Total 12.44 3.11 2.431 .61 7.96 1.99 10.38 2.60 19.5 63.9 83.4 +2.06 + .51 .0 Average Preservative period. 1903— Apr. 4 4.44 4.90 4.41 4.77 4.41 4.12 5.22 4 20 4.69 4.12 4.24 2.10 1.63 1.58 2.61 1.28 1.88 1.06 1.63 2.02 1.83 1.07 3.04 3.07 2.86 2.88 2.65 2.89 3.17 3.28 2.90 3.49 2.90 5.14 4.70 4.44 5.49 3.93 4.77 4.23 4.91 4.92 5.32 3.97 47.3 33.3 35.8 54.7 29.0 45.6 20.3 38.8 43.1 44.4 25.2 68.5 62.7 64.9 60.4 60.1 70.2 60.7 78.1 61.8 84.7 68 4 115.8 95.9 100.7 115.1 89.1 115.8 . 81.0 116.9 104.9 129.1 -0.70 + .20 - .03 + 148 - .65 + .99 - .71 - .23 -1.20 + .27 0.5 5 1 6 1.0 7 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 10 1 i: 1.0 12 2 13 2.0 14 3 Total 49.52 4.50 18.69 1.70 33.13 3.01 51.82 4.71 37.7 66 9 ifizi fi -2.30 - .21 14 5 Average After period. 1903— Apr. 15 3.95 3.71 4.78 3.75 4.25 4.29 4.43 4.09 0.598 .630 («) 4.80 .488 1.82 .606 1.81 2.46 2.30 2.55 3.97 2.31 2.67 2.65 2.79 3.06 2.93 2.55 8.77 2.80 4.49 3.26 4.60 15.2 17.0 "i28.'o' 11.5 42.4 13.7 44.2 62.3 62.0 53.3 105.9 54.4 62.3 59.8 68.2 77.5 79.0 53.3 233.9 65.9 104.7 73.6 112.5 +0.89 + .78 +2.23 -5.02 +1.45 - .20 +1.17 - .51 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total 33.25 4.16 10. 752 1.35 21.70 2.71 32.46 4 06 32.3 65.3 97.6 + .79 .+ .10 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX, 335 Table LXII. — Phosphoric-acid b'dancesfor Series IV — Continued. ICo. 13. Periort and date. In food. s • 3 4 5 In feces. In urine. In feces and In feces. (2-1) (2+3) Grams. Grams. Grams. Perct. 1.65 2.12 3.77 48.0 2.97 2.22 5.19 67.1 .794 2.28 3.07 16.0 2.77 2.61 5.38 77.6 2.16 2.27 4.43 64.1 2. 32 1.99 4.31 53.8 1.87 2.58 4.45 46.1 2.20 2.37 4.57 46.7 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 I 8 In feces and Balance, urine. ' (1—4) (4-1) Borax admin- istered. For f period (excluded). Grams. 1903— Mar. 20 3.44 21 4.43 22 4.96 23 1 3. .57 24 3.37 25 4. 31 26 4.06 27 4.71 Total 32. 85 Average ' 4.11 Preservative period. First subperiod (ex- cluded): 1903— Mar. 28 3.87 29 4.13 30 3.77 31 C) Total 11.77 Average 3. 92 Fore period. 190*-Apr. 3 3.41 4 3.89 5 4.01 Total 11.91 Average 3. 97 Preservalive piriod. 1903— Apr. 6 3.90 7 4.08 8 4.15 9 3. .59 10 3.03 11 3.47 12 3.94 13 3. .52 14 3.79 Total 34.11 Average 3.79 Afli r prriod. 1903— Apr.15 1 1.29 10 1.15 17 4.41 18 : 4.15 19 ; 3.81 20 i 3.85 21 1 3.04 22 ' 3.40 Total 2.5.70 AvNuiuuv«;iucut. 336 I]SrFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIIl. — Summary of jjhosphoric-acid balances for Series IV. Three men. Period. 1 ■ In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-Hl) 6 In urine. (3-1) T In feces and urine. (4H-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No. 8 1 No. 9 Grams. 34.03 (38.50) 41.94 36.02 Grams. 7.62 G-rams. Grams. 28.03 Perct. 22.4 Per ct. '(58."9) 55.6 59.6 Per ct. 82.4 Grams. + 6.00 Grams. (22. 69) 23.32 21.45 14.96 12. 625 38.28 34.07 35.7 35.0 91.3 94.6 + + 3.66 1.95 No. 10 Total 1 Average -j 111.99 (116.46) 4.87 (4. 8.5) 35. 205 100.38 31.4 "(57.'9) 89.6 + 11.61 (67.46) 1.53 4.36 + .51_ (2.81) ...... i 1 " Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 8 19.23 19.97 19.08 8.66 8.26 9. .57 11.90 1L.72 11.05 20.56 19.98 20.62 45.0 41.4 50.2 61.9 58.7 57.9 106.9 100.1 108.1 - 1.33 .01 1.54 2.0 No. 9 2.0 No. 10 2.0 Total 58. 2S 4.86 26.49 2. 21 34.67 2.89 61.16 5.10 45.4 59.5 104.9 - 2.88 .24 6.0 Average Second subperiod: No. 8 19.46 20.45 19.42 6.32 5.40 6.94 11.42 11.93 10.83 17.74 17.33 17.77 32.5 26.4 35.7 58.7 58.3 55.8 91.2 84.7 91.5 + + + 1.72 3.12 1.65 4.0 No. 9 4.0 No. 10 4.0 Total 59.33 4.94 18.66 1.55 34.18 2.85 52.84 4.40 31.5 57.6 89.1 + + 6.49 ..54 12.0 Average Subperlods 1 and 2: No.8 38.69 40.42 38.50 14. 98 13.66 16. .51 23.32 23.65 21.88 38.30 37.31 38.39 38.7 33.8 42.9 60.3 58.5 58.8 99.0 92.3 99.7 + + + 0.39 3.11 .11 6.0 No.9 6.0 No.lO 6.0 Total 117. 61 4.90 45. 15 1.88 68.85 2.87 114.00 4.75 38.4 58.5 96.9 + + 3.61 .15 18.0 Average Third subperiod: No.8 No.9 No.lO 24.28 25.09 23.74 7.62 10.10 9.25 15.33 16.34 14.46 22.95 26.44 23.71 31.4 40.3 39.0 63.1 6.5.1 60.9 94.5 105. 4 99.9 + + 1.33 1.35 .08 5.0 5.0 5.0 Total Average 73.11 4.87 26. 97 1.80 46.13 3.07 73.10 4.87 36.9 63.1 100.0 + .01 .00 1.5.0 Subperiods 1 ,2, and 3 ■ No.8 62.97 65.51 62. 24 22.60 23.76 25. 76 38.65 39.99 36.34 61.25 63.75 62.10 85.9 36.3 41.4 61.4 61.0 58.4 97.3 97.3 99.8 + + + 1.72 1.76 .14 11 No.9 11.0 No.lO • 11 Total 190. 72 4.89 72.12 1.85 114. 98 2.95 187. 10 4.80 37.8 60.3 98.1 X 3.62 .09 33.0 Average Fourth subperiod: No.8 23.78 24.74 24.29 7.315 8.86 9.211 14.08 16.00 15. 09 21.40 24.86 24.31 30.8 3.5.8 37.9 59.2 64.7 62.1 90.0 100.5 100.0 + 2.88 .12 .02 11 No.9 11 No.lO 11 Total 72.81 4.85 25. 39 1.69 45. 17 3.01 70.57 4.70 34.9 62.0 96.9 + + 2.24 .15 33 Average Entire preservative period: No.8 No.9 No.lO 86.75 90.25 86.53 . 29.915 32.62 34.97 52.73 55. 99 51.43 82. 65 88.61 86.41 34.5 36.2 40.4 60.8 62.0 59.4 95.3 98.2 99.8 + + + 4.10 1.64 .12 22.0 22.0 22.0 Total Average 263. 53 4.88 97. .51 1.81 160. 15 2.96 257. 67 4.77 37.0 60.8 97.8 + + 5.86 .11 66.0 After period. No.8 No.9 No.lO 35. 73 38.13 24.27 11.244 12. 27 9. 1.59 21.51 23.22 15.41 32.75 3.5.49 24.57 31.5 32.2 87.7 60.2 60.9 63.5 •91.7 93.1 101.2 + + 2.98 2.64 .30 Total Average 98.13 4.46 32.67 1.48 60.14 2.74 92.81 4.22 33.3 61.3 94.6 + + 5.32 .24 ' BORIC ACID AND BOKAX. 337 Table LXIII. — Summari/ of phosphoric-acid halauces for Series 7T''— Continued. T-wo iTien. Period and date. 1 In food. 8 In feces. 3 In urine. •4 1 5 In feces ' y,, (2+3) '(^-^l 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (•1-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fure period. x...n No. 12 Grams. 12.44 11.91 Grams. 2. 431 3.52 Grams. 7.95 5.34 Gratns. 10.38 8.86 Per ct. 19.5 29.6 Per ct. 63.9 44.8 Per ct. 83.4 74.4 Grams. + 2.06 3. 05 6ram.* Average - .01 Five 111 en. Fore period. No. 7 28.99 34.03 (38. .50) 41.94 .36. 02 32. K5 13.74 7.62 14.00 27.74 28.03 47.4 22.4 48.3 ■(58.'9) 55.6 .59.6 56.1 9.5.7 82.4 + + 1.25 6.00 ^'-« { (22. 69) 23.32 21.45 18.44 No.9 No. 10 No. 12 14.96 12. 62 16.73 38. 28 34.07 35.17 3.5.7 3.5.0 50.9 91.3 94.6 107.0 + + 3.66 1.95 2.32 Total 1 173. K3 (178.30) 4.46 (4.46) 65.67 163. 29 4.'i8 37,8 ■(.56.'6) 93.9 + 10.54 (99.90) Average | 1.68 + .28 (2.50) Prenervalivp perifxl. First subpc-riod: No. 7 No. X No.9 ■ 1.5.07 19. 23 19. 97 19. OH 11.77 8.64 8.66 8.26 9. .57 5.88 8.01 11.90 11.72 11.05 7.23 16. 65 20. .56 19.98 20. 62 13.11 57.3 45.0 41.4 .50.2 50.0 .53.2 61.9 .58.7 .57. 9 61.4 110.5 106.9 100.1 108.1 111.4 - 1..5H 1.33 .01 1.54 1.34 2.0 2.0 2.0 No. 10 2.0 No. 12 2.0 Total Average 8.5. 12 4.48 41.01 2.16 49.91 2.63 90. 92 4.79 48.2 .58.6 106.8 - 5.8y .81 10.0 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04- -22 388 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — Phosphoric -acid balances for Series V. ISTo. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. Grams. Grams. Lost. 1.93 1.71 1.94 2.42 2.63 1.97 4.37 Grams. Not run. Grams. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 25 4.64 4.84 4.76 4.48 4.87 4.67 4.91 2.96 2.82 2.99 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.86 4.89 4.53 4.93 .5.22 .5.38 4.65 7.23 41.6 35.3 40.8 54.0 54.0 ,42.2 89.0 63.8 68.3 62.8 62.6 56.5 67.4 58.3 106. 4 93.6 103.6 116.5 110.5 99.6 147.3 - 0.25 + .31 - .17 - .74 - .51 + .02 - 2.32 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 Total 33.17 4.74 16.97 2.42 19.86 2.84 . 36.83 6.26 51.2 59.8 111.0 - 3.66 - .52 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_May2 4.95 5.01 4.76 4.69 4.69 4.79 4.66 4.53 4.97 4.86 4.71 5.23 3.48 .825 2.98 1.98 2.75 3.54 1.23 2.76 3.49 1.79 2.63 1.94 2.81 3.03 2.89 3.01 3.04 2.47 2.82 2.66 2.85 2.76 3.13 2.49 6.29 3.85 5.87 4.99 5.79 6.01 4.05 5.42 6.34 4.55 6.76 4.43 70.3 16.6 62.6 42.2 58.6 73.9 26.4 60.9 70.2 36.8 55.8 37.1 56.8 60.5 60.7 64.2 64.8 51.6 60.5 58.7 57.4 56.8 66.6 47.6 127.1 76.9 123.3 106.4 123.5. 125.5 86.9 119.6 127. 6 93.6 122.3 84.7 - 1.34 + 1.16 - 1.11 - .30 - 1.10 - 1.22 + .61 - .89 - 1.37 + .31 - 1.05 + .80 0.5 3 .6 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 .5 10 .6 11 .5 12 .5 13 ■ .5 Total 57.85 4.82 29.395 2.45 33.96 2.83 63.35 5.28 50.8 58.7 109.5 - 5.50 - .46 6.0 Second subperiod: 1903_Mayl4 4.66 4.75 4.63 4.85 4.66 4.70 4.62 4.83 4.90 4.77 5.07 4.92 2.38 3.83 2.80 .630 2.32 2.12 2.87 2.34 2.56 2.02 2.69 2.40 2.98 2.52 2.98 2.73 2.46 3.00 2.55 2. .50 2.91 2.96 3.17 2.99 6.36 6.36 5.78 3.36 4.78 6.12 5.42 4.84 5.47 4.98 5.86 6.39 51.1 80.6 61.8 13.0 49.8 45.1 62.1 48.4 52.2 42.3 63.1 48.8 63.9 53.1 65.8 56.3 52.8 63.8 65.2 61.8 59.4 62.1 62.- 5 60.8 115.0 133.7 127.6 69.3 102.6 108.9 117.3 100.2 111.6 104.4 115.6 109.6 - 0.70 - 1.60 - 1.25 -i- 1.49 - .12 - .42 - .80 - .01 - .67 - .21 - .79 - .47 0.5 15 .5 16 .6 17 .5 18. . . 19 .5 20 .5 21 .5 22 23 .5 24 .5 25 .6 Total 57.26 4.76 28.96 2.41 33. 75 2.81 62.71 6.23 6ti.6 58.9 109.5 - 5.45 - .47 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 115. 11 4.80 58.355 2.431 67.71 2.82 126. 06 6.26 60.7 58.8 109.5 - 10.95 - .45 12.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mav26 4.62 4.53 4.60 4.93 5.09 (4.88) 4.56 4.77 4.80 5.24 4.84 4.59 3.56 1.95 2.89 1.88 2.04 Lost. 4.65 . 555 2.81 2.31 2.83 2.24 2.86 3.07 2.63 2.68 2.85 (2.61) 2.95 3.19 2.77 2.80 2.64 2.61 6.42 5.02 5.62 4. .66 4.89 77.1 43.0 62.8 38.1 40.1 61.9 67.8 57.2 54.4 56.0 (51.4) 64.7 66.9 57.7 63.4 54.5 56.9 139.0 110.8 120.0 92.5 96.1 - 1.80 - .49 - .92 + .37 + .20 6 27 .5 28 f, 29 5 iiO. ,5 81 7.60 3.74 5.58 6.11 6.47 4.85 102.0 11.6 68.6 44.1 58.5 48.8 166.7 78.5 116.2 97.5 113.0 105.7 - 3.04 + 1.02 - .78 + .13 - .63 - .26 2 ,5 3.. 5 4 5 5 6 ,5 Total I 52.57 (57.45) 4.78 (4.79) 27. 715 68.76 , 62.7 ■"(58.'4) 111.8 - 6.19 -. (33.56) Average \ 2.52 6.34 - ..56 (2.80) ■ 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 339 Table LXIV. — Pliospltorlr-arid balances for Series V — Continued. !N"o. 1 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Preservative period — Continued. .Subperiods 1. 2. and 3: Total 1 ( Grams. 167.68 Grams. 86.07 Grams. Grams. 184. 82 Per ct. 51.3 Per ct. "(bS.Y) Per ct. 110. 2 Grams. - 17.14 Grams. [ 18.0 (172. 56 > 4.79 (101.27) 2.46 5.28 - .49 Average i ^^ -^^ (2.8i) I 1 Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 H 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 .5.18 4.78 4.71 4.70 4.82 4.99 4. G8 4.9S 5. 02 . 4.83 4.83 4.75 5.60 4.55 2.26 3.00 2. .54 2.77 2.75 3.47 2. 42 1.79 1.75 4.03 2.41 3.69 3.82 2.13 2.68 . 4.94 2.65 5.65 2.85 5.39 2.61 5.38 2.76 5.51 2.80 6.27 2.67 5.09 2.76 4.55 2.45 4.20 2. 83 6. 86 2.60 5.01 2. 65 6. 34 2.91 6.73 2.51 4.64 43.6 62.8 53.9 58.9 .57.1 69.5 51.7 35.9 34.9 83.4 49.9 77.7 68.2 46.8 51.7 55.4 60.5 55.5 57.3 56.1 57.1 5.5.4 48.8 58.6 53.8 55.8 52.0 55.2 95.4 118.2 114.4 114.5 114.3 125.7 108.8 91.4 83.7 142.0 103.7 133.5 120.2 102.0 + 0.24 - .87 - .68 - .68 - .69 - 1.28 - .41 + .43 + .82 - 2.03 - .18 - 1.59 - 1.13 - .09 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 68.42 38.83 4.89 ! 2.77 37. 73 76. 56 2. 70 5. 47 56.8 55.1 111.9 - 8.14 - .58 7.0 Entire preservative pe- riod: Total 1 Average '. 2.36.10 ' T'4.90 261. 38 52.9 ■■(.57:7) 110.7 - 25.28 } 2,5.0 (240. 98) 4.S2 (4.82) (139.00) ■■■(2;78) 2. .55 5.33 - .51 1 Afltr period. 1903— .Tune 21 .5.05 4.02 2. 78 6. 80 79.6 33.2 63.2 48.1 54.9 107.7 55.0 134.7 50.7 83.9 51.9 t 114.2 59.5 108.0 .50. 105. 4 54.2 161.9 - 1.75 + .78 - .76 - .39 22 4.85 5.35 4.86 4.99 4.K3 (4.66) 5. .51 4.H4 1.61 3.38 2.34 2.74 5.20 Lost. 2.42 2.46 2.73 2.91 2.52 4.07 6.11 5.25 •23 24 25 .27 26 2.62 ' 7.8-2 -- 2.99 27 (2.85) 9 91 (61.2) 52. 8 1 28 f> XI 43.9 53.7 96.7 + .18 - .56 29 2.60 ' 2.80 1 5.40 57.9 1 111. 6 Total 1 40. 2K r44 t)4i 24.31 "(24.'.5H) 46. 04 60.4 ■■(54.'7) 114.3 1 - 6.76 1 Average { ,^;^^ 3.04 5.76 - .72 (2.73) i i 1 340 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — FJiosplioric-acid balances for Series T'— Continued. ]sro. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903 Apr 24 Grams. [4.55] 4.51 4.63 4.63 (4.18) 4.55 4.23 4.56 Grams. [1.75] 1.79 2.32 («) Lost. Grams. Not run. Grams. Per at. [38.5] 39.7 50.1 Per ct. Per (i. Grams. Grams. 25 2.91 2.89 3.02 (■3. 04 "1 4.70 5.21 3.02 64.5 62.4 65. 2 (72.7) 62.9 61.2 60.1 104.2 112. 5 65.2 - 0.19 - .58 + 1.61 26 % 29 30 .. 1. 13 2. 86 1. 68 2. 59 2.03 1 2.74 3.99 4.27 4.77 24.8 39.7 44.5 87.7 100.9 104.6 + .56 - .04 - .21 Mav 1 27.11 (31.29) [31. 66] 4.52 (4.47) [4.52] 25.96 95.8 + 1.15 Total \ (20.05) (64.1) [10. 70] [33.8] 4.33 + .19 (2.86) ■[1.53] 1 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_Mav 2 4.37 4.74 4.73 4. 47 4.57 4.59 4.16 4.40 4.51 4.65. 4.58 4.31 2.16 2.37 1.31 1.51 2.19 2.10 1.79 1.18 1.60 1.98 2.05 1.56 3.23 3.15 3.23 2.75 3.34 1.86 2.38 2.53 2.88 2.93 2.76 2.36 5.39 5.52 4.54 4.26 5.53 3.96 4.17 3.71 4.48 4.91 4.81 3.92 49.4' 50.0 27.7 33.8 47.9 45.8 43.0 26.8 ■ 35.5 42.6 44.7 36.2 . 73.9 66.5 68.3 61.5 73.1 40.5 57.2 57.5 63.8 63.0 60.3 54.8 123.3 116.5 96.0 95.3 121.0 86.3 100.2 81.3 99.3 105.6 105. 91.0 - 1.02 - .78 + .19 + .21- - .96 + .63 + .01 + .69 + .03 - .26 - .23 + .39 0.5 3 .5 4 .5 5 . 5 6 .5 7 8 . . .. . 5 9 .5 10 .5 11 . 5 12 . 5 13 .5 Total 54.08 4.51 21.80 i 33.40 1.82 ! 2.78 55.20 4.60 40.3 61.8 102. 1 - 1.12 - .09 6.0 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 ]5 16 17 18 .. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 4.06 4.41 4.51 4.14 4.55 4.21 4.06 4.02 4.95 • 4.28 3.70 4.06 2.02 1.93 1.83 1.70 2.15 2.28 1.36 1.42 1.57 1.76 1.12 1.41 3.08 2.58 3.10 3.03 2.42 2.62 2.90 2.73 2.78 2.79 3.04 2.51 5.10 4.51 4.93 4.73 4.57 4.90 4.26 4.15 4.35 4.55 4.16 3.92 49.8 43.8 40.6 41.1 47.3 54.2 33.5 35.3 31.7 41.1 30.3 34.7 75.9 58.5 68.7 73.2 53.2 62.2 71.4 67.9 56. 2 65.2 82.1 61.8 125.6 102.3 109.3 114.3 100.4 116.4 104.9 103. 2 87.9 106.3 112. 4 96.6 - 1.04 - .10 - .42 - .59 - .02 - .69 - .20 - .13 + .60 - ;46 + .14 .5 . 5 . 5 . 5 .5 . 5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 Total . ... 50.95 4.25 105. 03 4.38 20. 55 1.71 33.58 2.80 54.13 4.51 40.3 65.9 106.2 - 3.18 - .26 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2; Total 42.35 1.76 66.98 2.79 109.33 4. 56- 40.3 63.8 104.1 - 4.30 - .17 12.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mav 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.31 3.56 3.52 3.91 4.11 3.75 3.48 3.70 3.18 4.89 2.21 2.90 1.67 1.18 2.51 .822 1.42 1.48 2.22 1.43 1.58 1.03 .861 1.78 2.59 2.67 2.34 2.51 2.45 2.52 2.72 2.08 2.34 2.48 1.98 2.60 4.26 3.85 4.85 3.33 3.87 4.00 4.94 3.51 3.92 3.51 2.84 4.38 38.7 33.1 . 71.3 21.0 34.5 39.5 63.8 38.6 49.7 21.1 38.9 61.4 60.1 75.0 66.5 64.2 59.6 67.2 78.2 56.2 73.6 50.7 89.6 89.7 98.8 108.1 137.8 85.2 94.2 106.7 142.0 94.9- 128. 3 71.8 128.5 151.0 + 0.05 - .29 - 1.33 + .58 - .24 - .25 - 1.46 + .19 - .74 + 1.38 - .63 - 1.48 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 43.52 3.63 17. 983 1.50 29.28 2.44 47.26 3 94 41.3 67.3 108.6 - 3.74 - .31 6 Average «No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 341 T.\BLE LXIV. — I'liosplioric-acid hahoices for Series 1' — Continued. I<"o. S2 — Continued. Total Average . 47.17 3.37 18. 535 1.32 33.18 2.37 51.72 3. 09 Entire preservative period: Total Average 195. 72 3.91 78.87 1.58 J/Irr pcrioil. I,t03— .Inne 3. 12 3.37 3.67 4.74 4. 06 4.74 5.02 .5. 15 4.69 Total Average . 39.16 4.35 1.32 1.43 1.25. 2. 85 3.15 1.92 2.71 1.41 2.11 129.44 2. 59 208. 31 4.17 40.3 2.53 2.30 2.18 2.20 2.52 2.50 2.40 3.10 2.78 3.85 3.73 3.43 5.05 .5.07 4.42 5.17 4.51 4.89 42.3 42.4 34.1 00.] 67.6 40.5 54.0 27.4 4.5.0 18.15 2.02- 22.57 2.51- 40.72 4.52-1- 46.4 70.3 4. 55 .32 106. 4 -12. 59 .26 81.1 08.3 59.4 40.4 54.1 52. 7 49.0 60.2 59.3 123.4 110.7 93.5 100.5 121.7 93. 2 103.0 87. 104.3 57.6 104.0 - 0. 73 - .36 4- .24 - .31 - 1.01 -I- .32 - .15 -I- .64 - .20 Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 1 4 In feces In : and urine, urine. (2-^3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3--1) 7 8 In feces and (Balance, urine. (1-4) (4^1) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Presrrrative period — Continued. .Subperiod.s 1,2. and 3: liital Grams. 148. 55 4.13 Grams. 60.33 Grams. Grams. 90 9fi I.Si; .'SQ Per ct. 40.0 Per ct. 64.8 1 Prrct. Grams. 105 4 « f>4 (rniiiis. 18 1.68 1 2. 67 1 4-^5 - . 22 Fourth subperiod: lyiio — June 7. . 3.26 3.34 2.35 2.87 3.28 3.21 3.29 3.30 4.49 3.45 1.52 .393 1.75 .846 .994 .859 .987 .416 1.86 1.45 2.09 2.56 1.77 2.20 2.49 2. 15 2. 55 2.48 1.96 •'. KO 3. 61 46. 6 2.95 11.7 3. 52 1 74. 5 3.05 29.5 3.48 30.2 3.01 , 26.8 3. 54 1 30. 2.90 ! 12.4 3.82 41.4 4. 31 1 42. 4.39 1 51.9 3.62 41.7 4. 33 40. 9 5. 19 73. 9 64.1 70.0 75.3 70.7 75.9 67.0 77.5 73.8 43.7 82.9 75.3 83.1 62. 60.0 110.7 '- 0.35 88. 3 -t- . 39 149 8 1 17 5 5 9 5 10 11. 100.3 106. 1 93.8 107 6 - .18 - .20 -1- .20 - 9!^ .5 5 12 13. .0 14 15. 86. 3 1 + .40 85. 1 1 -+- .67 .0 10 124.9 127.2 124. 8 102. 9 139.9 - .86 - .94 - .72 - .12 - 1.48 17 3.45 i 1.79 i 2.00 2.90 1.21 i 2.41 4.21 1.72 1 2.61 3.71 2.74 1 2.45 .0 18 .0 19 .0 20 .0 20.5 - 1.56 - .17-1- 342 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — Pliosphoric-acid balances for Series T'— Continued. ISTo. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903 Apr ''4 Grams. Grams. Orams. Grams. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 25 3.00 3.33 3.68 3.68 3.27 3.02 3.93 0.640 1.37 .571 2.40 1.42 .846 1.98 1.99 3.15 2.56 2.82 3.11 2.34 2.22 2.63 4.52 3.13 5.22 4. .53 3.19 4.20 21.3 41.1 15.5 65.2 43.4 28.0 50.4 66.4 94.6 69.6 76.6 95.1 77.5 56.5 87.7 135.7 85.1 141.8 138.5 105.6 106.9 + 6.37 - 1.19 + .55 - 1.54 - 1.26 - .17 - .27 26 27 28 29 30 Total 23.91 3.42 9. 227 1.32 18.19 2.60 27. 42 3.92 38. 6 76.1 114.7 - 3.51 - .50 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 May 2 3.84 3.46 [3.25] 3.15 3.30 3.42 3.31 4.36 4.25 4.40 3.66 4.33 1.13 1.43 [1.27] .948 .821 1.30 1.05 1.20 1.23 1.04 1.96 1.29 2.65 2.59 Lost. 2.55 2.78 2.20 2.53 2.12 2.66 2.75 2.50 2.42 3.78 4.02 ""3."50' 3.60 3.50 3. .58 . 3.32 3.89 3.79 4.46 3.71 29.4 41.3 [39. i] 30.1 24.9 38.0 31.7 27.5 28.9 23.6 63.6 29.8 69.0 74.9 98.4 116.2 + 0.06 - .56. 0.5 3 .5 4 .5 5 81.0 84.2 64.3 76.4 48.6 62.6 62.5 68.3 55.9 111.1 109.1 102. 3 108.2 76.1 91.5 86.1 121.9 85.7 - . 35 - .30 - .08 - .27 + 1.04 + .36 + .61 - .80 + .62 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 .5 10 11 .5 12 .5 13 .5 Total 1 Average | 41.48 [44.73] 3.77 [3. 73] 27.75 41.15 "■[32.'8]"' 66.9 99.2 + .33 1 6.0 []4. 609] 2.52 3.74 + .03 "[1.22] Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 3.24 3.55 3.41 3.56 3.48 3.57 3.26 3.62 3.62 3.54 3.29 4.08 1.58 1.49 1.40 1.68 .846 1.25 .856 1.10 1.72 1.25 1.36 1.17 2.81 2.10 2.86 2.41 2.28 2.30 3.03 2.72 2.47 2.68 2.31 2.42 4.39 3.59 4.26 4.09 3.13 3:55 3.89 8.82 4.19 3.93 3.67 3.59 ■ 48.8 42.0 41.1 47.2 24.3 35.0 26.3 30.4 47.5 35.3 41.3 28.7 86.7 59.2 83.9 67.7 65.5 64.4 92.9 75.1 68.2 75.7 70.2 59.3 135.5 101.1 124. 9 114.9 ■ 89.9 99.4 119.3 105.5 115.7 111.0 111.6 88.0 - 1.15 - .04 - .85 - .53 + .35 + .02 - .63 - . 20 - .57 - .39 - .38 + .49 0.5 15 .5 16 ... . .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 5 20 .5 21 .5 22 5 23 .5 24 5 25 .5 Total 42.22 3. 52 15. 702 1.31 30.39 2.53 46.10 3.84 37.2 72.0 109.2 - 3.88 - .32 6 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 83.70 [86. 95] 3.64 [3. 62] 58.14 87.25 ■■[34.' 9]" 69.4 104.2 ^ 3.55 1 12.0 [30. 371] Average | 2.53 3.79 - .15 [1.27] Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 3.38 3.28 2.96 3.58 4.92 (3.53) 3.21 3.55 3.91 3.94 3.45 3.29 1.72 .784 1.59 .923 2.21 Lost. 1.49 .414 1.07 1.41 1.23 1.44 2.56 2.63 2.47 2.06 3.26 (2.68) 2.60 2.86 2.60 2.35 1.91 2.21 4.28 3.41 4.06 2.98 5.47 50.9 23.9 53.7 25.8 44.9 75.7 80.2 83.4 57.5 66. 3 (75.9) 81.0 80.5 66.5 59.6 55.4 67.2 126.6 104.0 137.2 83.2 111.2 - 0.90 - .13 - 1.10 + .60 - .55 5 27 5 28 5 29 5 30 .5 31 .5 4.09 3.27 3.67 3.76 3.14 3.65 46.4 11.7 27.4 35.8 35.7 43.8 127.4 92.2 93.9 95.4 91.0 110.9 - .88 + .28 + .24 + .18 + .31 - .36 • 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 Total j 39.47 (43.00) 3.59 (3. 58) 14.281- 41.78 36.2 ■(76."2)' 105.9 -2. 31 i} 6.0 (30. 19) Average -j 1.30 3.80 - .21 (2.52) 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. T.\BLE LXIV. — Phoxphnric-acid h(da)icesJor Serien T'— Continued. j>C"o. 3— Continued. 348 I'eriod and date. 1 8 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) In feces . and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid Hdmin- i.stered. Preservative period — Continued. subperiods 1, 2, and 3: 1 Grams. 123. 17 Grams. Grains. Grams. 129.03 Per at. Per ct. Per ct. 104.7 Grams. -5. 80 Grams. Total { (126.70) i 44.' 652] (88.33) (69.7) [ 18.0 1 [126. 42] 3.62 (3.62) [35.3] 1 3.80 18 Average { (2.52) I f3.6li ri.931 Fourth subperiod: 190:3 — June 7 3.93 3.41 3.57 3.42 3.96 3.46 3.41 3.34 3 74 0.583 1.90 1.45 1.36 1.44 .676 1.53 .982 7'X; 2.57 2.23 2.57 2.49 2.48 2.45 2.54 2.36 2.26 2.59 2.65 2.29 3.08 2.58 3.15 4.13 4.02 3.85 3.92 3.13 4.07 3.34 2.99 4.52 4.05 3.85 3.47 4.8.'? 14.8 55.7 40.6 39.8 36.4 19.5 44.9 29.4 19.4 55.0 39.3 36.0 9.0 56.4 65.4 65.4 72.0 72.8 62.6 70.7 74.5 70.7 60.4 73.8 74.4 52.9 70.3 64.7 80.2 121.1 112.6 112. 6 99.0 90.5 119.4 100.0 79.9 128.8 113.8 88 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 - .72 - .45 - .43 + .04 + .33 - .66 .00 + .75 -1.01 - .49 a. AS .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 5 16 3.51 1.93 3. 56 1. 40 4.33 1.56 4.38 1 .393 3.99 1 2.25 17 18 . ... 19 79 2 1 J- 01 20 121.1 - .84 5 Total .\verage 52.01 18.180 3.72 1.30 35.14 1 53.32 2.51 1 3.81 35.0 67.6 102.5 -1.31 - .09 7.0 Entire preservative l>eriofl: ( 17.5.18 182. 35 104.1 -7.17 ) Total 1 (178.71) [178.43] I 3.65 A verage { (3. 65) (123.47) (09. 1) \ 25 [62.832] [35.2] 3.80 - .15 (2.52) 1 (3.641 ri.281 L J 1 •■ J AJIrr period. 190:i— June21 22 3.69 \ 1.27 3.54 ) 1.30 4.65 1 1.05 3.69 1 1.98 4.06 1.95 4.63 ; 2.05 3.81 1.50 6. 74 2. 10 3.87 1.37 2. 40 3. 67 2. 34 3. 64 2. 88 3. 93 2.88 4.86 2. 40 4. 35 2.50 4.55 2. 67 4. 17 2.'35 4.45 2.59 3.96 34.4 36.7 22.6 53.7 48.0 44.3 39.4 36.6 35.4 (io. 06.1 61.9 78.0 59.1 64.0 70.1 40.9 66.9 99. 4 102.8 84.5 131.7 107.1 98.3 109.4 77. 5 102. 3 + 0.02 - .10 + .72 -1.17 - .29 + .08 - .36 + 1.29 - .09 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Total 37.68 14.57 4.19 1fi'2 23.01 37.58 2.56 4.18 38.7 61.1 99.7 -• .10 + .01 344 TNFLTTElSrCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series V — Continued. ]sr>.. 4. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In" urine. 4 In feces and nrine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-f-l) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fore period. 1903 Apr 24 Orams. [4. 66] Orams. ro. 8271 Grams. (°) 2.71 2.88 3.01 3.05 2.61 2.71 3.22 Orams. '"zn 4.44 4.40 4.22 3.36 4.02 5. 35 Per^ct. [17.7] ""44.'3' 38.9 31.3 33.5 38.4 61.2 Per ct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 25 2.96 j (b) 3. 52 1. 56 3. 57 1. 39 3. 74 1. 17 91.6 81.8 84.3 81.6 116.5 79.5 92.5 91.6 126.1 123. 2 112. 8 150.0 117.9 153. 7 +0.25 - .92 - .83 - .48 -1.12 - .61 -1.87 26 27 28 29 2.24 3.41 3.48 .751 1.31 2.13 30 May 1 Total 1 22. 92 [27.58] 3.27 r3. 451 20. 19 28. 50 ■■■[33.'l] 88.1 124.3 1 -5..'i8 [9. 138] Average I 2. 88 4. 07 - .80 n.i49i Preservative period. First subperiod : 1903— May 2 " 3 4 4.10 3.54 3.59 4.52 3.52 3.19 3.04 .3.23 3.60 3.42 3.16 2.87 1.67 .792 1.52 .705 1.19 1.05 1.33 .620 1.24 1.42 1.03 3.11 2.95 3.47 2.89 3.02 2.40 2.43 2.49 2.71 2.32 2.47 2.26 3.11 4.62 4.26 4.41 3.72 3.59 3.48 3.82 3.33 3.56 3.89 3.29 ""47 .'2' 22.1 33.6 20.0 37.3 34.5 41.2 17.2 36.3 44.9 35.9 75.9 83.3 96.7 63.9 85.8 75.2 79.9 77.1 75.3 67.8 78.2 78.7 75.9 130. 5 118.7 97.6 105.7 112. 5 114.5 118.3 92.5 104.1 123.1 114.6 +0.99 -1.08 - .67 + .11 - .20 - .40 - .44 - .59 + .27 - .14 - .73 - .42 0.6 .6 . 5 5 6 .5 .5 8 .5 9 10 11 12 .5 .5 .5 .5 13. .. . Total 41.78 .3.48 12.567 1.047 32. 52 2.71 45. 08 3.76 30.1 77.8 107.9 -3.30 - .28 6 Average Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 3.63 4.03 3.97 3.00 3.84 3.60 4.07 4.06 4.60 3.67 4.13 4.89 1.49 .576 1.65 1.26 1.29 2.69 (6) .441 2.37 2.13 1.14 .999 3.65 2.68 3.52 3.06 2.93 2.55 3.09 2.70 2.85 3.10 3.07 3.23 5.14 3.26 5.17 4.32 4.22 5.24 3.09 3.14 5.22 5.23 4.21 4.23 41.0 14.3 41.6 42.0 33.6 74.7 ""io.'g' 51.5 58.0 27.6 20.4 1Q0.6 66.5 ■ 88.7 102.0 76.3 70.8 75.9 66.5 62.0 84.5 74.3 66.1 141.6 80.9 180.2 144.0 109.9 145.6 75.9 77.3 113. 5 142.5 101.9 86.5 -1,51 + .77 -1.20 -1.32 - .38 -1.64 + .98 + .92 - .62 -1.56 - .08 + .66 0.5 15 5 16 17 .5 .5 18.. 5 19 20 .5 .5 21.. 6 22 23 24 .5 .6 5 25 5 Total 47.49 3.96 16.04 1.34 36.43 3.04 52.47 4.37 33.8 76.7 110.5 -4.98 - .41 6 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 89.27 3.72 28. 61- 1.19 68.95 28.73 97.55 4.06 32.0 77.2 109.3 -8.28 - .35 12 Average a Not run. & No movement. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 345 Table LXIV. — Phospliorir-aeid htilancfn for Series F — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. S In feces. 3 In urine. 4 1 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2*1) .6 1 In urine. (3*1) 7 In feces and urine. (4*1) 8 Salance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Forr prriijil. 1903— .\r.r.24 25 26 1 27 i 28 29 30 May 1 (irama. [4.91] 4.62 4.71 4.50 : 4.76 4.67 4.58 4.91 Grams. [1.44] .536 2.40 2.66 1.10 2.13 2.84 Grams. {») 3.68 3.46 3.85 3.58 3.82 3.38 3.27 Grams. '\'.-n .5.86 6. .51 3.58 4.92 .5.51 6.11 Per Ct. [29.3] 11.6 51.0 59.1 ""is.'e' 46.5 .57.8 Per ct. 1 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 79.7 73.5 &5.6 75.2 81.8 73.8 66.6 91.3 124.4 144.7 7.5.2 10.5.4 120.3 124. 4 +0.40 -1. 15 -2.01 fl.l8 - .25 - .93 -1.20 r- . , ( 32. 75 [37.66] 4.68 [4.71] 25.04 36.71 "■■[34.'8]" 76.5 112. 1 -3. 96 Total [13. 106] ( 3. .58 5.24 \ - .56 Average [1.6:i8] Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 8 4.88 4.61 4.63 4.93 4.71 4.84 4.72 4.73 .5.60 .5.07 4.88 4.46 1.09 .988 2.94 1.47 . 620 2.33 2. 26 2. .55 2.27 1.24 1.72 3.12 3.43 3.57 3.68 3. .55 3.75 2.91 . 3. 36 2.80 3.35 3. 22 2.95 2.95 4.52 4.56 6.62 5.02 4.37 .5.24 5.62 5.35 5. 62 4.46 4.67 6.07 22.3 21.4 63.5 29.8 13.2 48.1 47.9 53.9 40.5 24.5 3.5.2 70.0 70.3 77.4 ^19. 5 72.0 79.6 60.1 71.2 59. ■> 59.8 63.5 60.5 66.1 92.6 98.9 143.0 101.8 92.8 108. 3 119.1 113.1 100.4 88.0 95.7 136.1 +0..36 + .05 -1.99 - .09 + .34 - .40 - .90 - .62 - .02 + .61 + .21 -1.61 0.5 .5 4 .5 6 .5 .5 8 .5 9 10 11 12 13 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total .58.06 4.84 22. .598 1.883 39. .52. 3.29 62. 12 5.18 38.9 (i8. 1 107.0 -4. 06 - .34 6.0 Second subperidd: 190»-Mavl4 1.5 4. .51 4.98 5. 64 .5.30 4.79 4.69 4.63 4.79 4.86 4. .51 4.61 (4.95) .53. .31 (.58.26) 4.85 (4.86) (b) 2. .52 3.18 C-) .991 4.19 C) 4.28 4.27 1.47 Lost. 3.40 3.09 3.47 3.20 3.17 2.44 3.04 3.28 2.90 3.17 3.81 (3.21 3.40 5.61 6.65 ' 3.20 4.16 2.44 7.23 ,3.28 7.18 7.44 ! 5.28 ""bo'.G 56.4 "'26.' 7' "go.'.V "'88.'i' 94.7 31.9 75.4 62.0 61.5 60.4 66.2 .52. 65.7 68.5 .59.7 70.3 82.6 (64.8) 7.5.4 112.7 117.9 60.4 8ti.9 .52.0 1.5(;.2 68.5 147.7 16.5.0 114.5 +1.11 - .63 -1.01 +2.10 + .63 +2. 25 -2.60 + 1..51 -2. 32 -2.93 - .67 0.5 .5 16 17 18 19. ........ 20 21 '22 23 24 2.T .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . .5 .5 Total 1 20.901 "(38.18' 1 .55. 87 39.2 ■■(65:6) 104.8 -2. .56 1 6.0 AveraK*' \ 1.900 1 5.08 - .23 (3.18) 1 Snbiteriwl.x 1 and 2: Total 1 111.37 (116.32 4.M (4.85) 43.499 f 117.99 39.1 "(66.'8) 105.9 -6.62 1 12.0 (77.72 .VvcraKe | 1.891 .5. 13 - .29 (3.24) Third fiubpcriod; ]9(j:}_May2r. 4.46 2.99 4.37 4. .53 .5.14 3.95 3.93 4..VJ 4.64 4.9H 4.03 4.10 0.210 C-) (h) 1.07 1..53 3.35 2. 76 3.90 1.15 ('') .5.09 3.10 2. 08 2.8:1 3.10 3. 64 2. 76 2.70 3.30 3.06 2.81 2.88 3.39 3.31 2.08 2.83 7.17 ; .5. 17 6.11 2.94 6. 06 6.96 3.96 \ 2.88 8.48 4.7 "'«9.'8' 29.8 84.8 6.1 60.1 84.1 23.1 "m.'i' 69.5 69. 6 64.8 68. 1 70.8 69.9 68.7 71.9 65. 9 56.4 71.5 82.7 74.2 69.6 64.8 1.58.3 1(H). 6 1.54.7 74.8 132. l.'iO.O 79. 5 71.5 206. 8 + 1.15 + .91 + 1.54 -2. 64 - .03 -2. 16 ( .99 1.47 2.32 ; 1.02 + 1.15 -4.38 0.5 •n .0 28 .5 29 .5 30 . 5 31 .5 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 .5 .5 6 .5 Total Average 51. 71 4.31 1 22. 298 1 l.tC)K 35. (15 2.97 1 57.95 I 4.83 43.1 1 68.9 1 112.1 - 6.24 - .52 1 5.5 a Not run. fc No movement. 346 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series T'^Continued. IN"o. 5 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fore period. Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total....: .| f G-rams. 163. 08 G-rams. 65. 797 Grams. Ch-ams. 175. 94 Per ct. 40.3 Per ct. ■(ei's)' Per ct.. 107.9 Grams. -12.86 Grams. \ 17.5 (168.03) 4.66 (4.67) (113. 35) ■■■(3.'i5) 1. 880 6.03 - .37 Average ■ Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 4.35 4.68 4.74 4.84 4.85 5.02 4.39 4.40 4.85 4.47 4.81 . 5.70 5.57 4.78 («) 4.68 («) 3.55 1.57 4.07 (a) 2.27 1.72 3.33 2.59 («) 5.41 2.52 2.61 3.22 3.12 3.15 3.43 3.20 2.77 3.02 3.13 3.17 3.28 3.15 3.25 2.52 2.61 7.90 3.12 6.70 5.00 7.27 2.77 5.29 4.85 6.50 5.87 3.15 8.66 ""■98."7' "'73.'2' 31.3 92.7 '"46.8 38.5 69.2 45.5 "uh'.2 57.9 55.8 68.0 64*5 64.9 68.3 72.9 63.0 62.3 70.0 65.9 57. 5 56. 5 68.0 57.9 55.8 166.7 64.5 138. 1 99.6 165. 6 163.0 l09.1 l08.5 l35.1 Vo 5 6. 5 181.2 + 1.83 + 2.07 - 3.16 + 1.72 - 1.85 + .02 - 2.88 + 1.63 - .44 - .38 - 1.69 - .17 + 2.42 - 3.88 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 ^ . 5 Total 67.45 4.82 29.19 2.085 43.02 3.07 72. 21 5.16 43.3 63.8 107.1 — 4.76 7 Average — . 34 . . 1 i Entire preservative period: Total -j Average I 230.53 (235.48) 4.70 (4.71) 94. 987 248. 15 41.2 ■(66."4)" 107.6 -17. 62 1 24.5 (156.37) i.939 5.06 - .36 (3.13) After period. 1903— June 21 4.74 4.81 4.29 4.98 5.08 5.13 4.39 4.58 4.52 («) 2.13 1.34 2.09 3.00 3.28 1.86 ■ 3.46 1.07 3.21 2.79 3.04 2.93 3.01 2.82 2.94 2.83 2.67 3.21 4.92 4.38 5.02 6.01 6.10 4.80 6.29 3.74 '"m's 31.2 42.0 59.1 63.9 42.4 75.5 23.7 67.7 58.0 70.9 58.8. 59.2 55.0 67.0 61.8 59 1 67.7 102.3 102.1 100.8 118.3 118.9 109.3 137.3 so 7 + 1.53 - .11 - .09 - .04 - .93 - .97 - .41 - 1.71 + .78 22.. 23 24 25 26 27 28. 29 Total 42.52 4.72 18.23 ■ 2.026 26.24 2.92 . 44.47 4.94 42.9 61.7 104.6 - 1.95 - .22 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 347 Table LXIV. — Phosphor ic-nc id balances for Series V — Continued. JC"o. 6. Period and date. 1 3 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 5 In feces ,,. urlife ' f--- ^2+3) ' (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) T 8 9 In feces r.«-„„ and Balance. „f °^?^ urhi^e.l (1-4) ,l^|-n; Fore period. 1903— Apr. 24 Grams. Grams. Grams. \ Grams. Perct. Per ct. 1 ' 1 i Per ct. Grams. Grams. 9 44 ■ 1 08 ; *> 5?; 96.3 70.1 77.1 7.5.7 72.9 7Q 7 140.6 -0.99 113.2 - .44 10-3.9 - .12 1 ]91 4 1 li-7 I 26 3.34 1.44 3.06 : .821 3.13 1.43 3.25 1.26 2.91 1.75 3.82 (") 2.34 2.36 2.37 '2.37 '2.32 9 %e. 3.78 3.18 3.80 3.63 4 07 43.1 26.8 45.7 38.8 «n 1 28 29 111.7 139.9 61.8 - . 38 1 -1.16 + 1.40 30 Mav 1 2.36 '.."7.!.. eiis Total 21.95 7.781 1 16.47 3.14 1.112 2.35 24 25 ^-"^ ^ 75.0 Average 3.4fi ■ - -32 1 Preservative period. First -subperiod: 1903_Mav 2 3 49 1 63 I 9 47 ! 4 in afi 7 ■70.8 73.7 77.0 49.1 76 9 117.5 133.4 117.8 73. 6 IliS Q -0.61 1 0.5 1 18 ^ 3 3.53 2.11 3.04 1.24 3. 30 . 812 3.21 j 1.25 3.44 ; 2.16 3.13 j («) 3.06 2.39 4.75 1.94 3.53 .486 3 93 1.04 2.60 '2.34 1.62 •2.47 2.11 2. '20 4.71 M 8 4 3.58 2.43 3.72 4.27 9 90 40.8 •24.6 38.9 6'2.8 ■■•zs.'i" 40.8 13.8 26.5 51.7 - .54 + .87 - .51 - .83 -1- VA .5 .5 5 6 61.3 r24.1 70 3 70 3 5 8 .0 .0 5 9 ■2.10 1 4.49 2. 14 1 4_ ns 68 6 i4i; 7 ! 1 XX 10 4.5.1 61.2 59.0 «:^ nr 85. 9 7.5.1 85.5 114 7 + .67 ■ + .88 + .57 - .55 11 •i.l6 9 .99 2.65 3.36 4.-28 ,5 12 ft 13 3.73 1.93 ' 2.35 Total 42.14 16.988 26.88 43.87 4(1 a 63.8 ; 104.1 1 73 1 5 Average 3.51 1.416 2.24 3.66 — .15 . Second subperiod: 1903— Mav 14 15 3.04 3.39 2.87 3.33 3.28 3.21 3.59 3.29 4.11 3.16 3.67 3.46 1.20 1 2.24 3.44 ''06 1 8S ! a Qa 39.5 60.8 34.7 12.5 55. 2 52.3 39.8 65. 3 '25. 8 37.7 .54. 5 27. 3 73. 7 113. 2 5,'> 4 i 1 1 « 9 -0.40 - .55 - .17 + .15 - .48 - .43 - 02 - .98 + .57 - .65 - .68 + .16 0.5 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 .996 .415 1.81 1.68 1.43 '2.15 1.06 1.19 2.00 .945 2.04 2.77 1.95 1.96 2.18 2.12 2.48 2. 62 2.a5 '2.36 3.04 3.185 3.76 3.64 3.61 4.27 3.5^1 3.81 4.35 3.30 71.1 83.2 59.5 61.1 60.7 64.4 60.3 82.9 64.0 67.9 105. 9 9.5.6 114.0 113.4 100.6 129.8 86.1 I'JO. 6 118.5 95.4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 Total 40.40 H..37 16. 936 1.411 26. 9-1 9 94 43.88 3.66 41.9 66.7 108.6 -3.48 - .29 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 82..'>1 3.44 33.924 1.414 53.82 87. 75 41.1 65.2 106.3 -6.21 - .22 11.0 Average 9 94 3 fifi Third subperiod: 190:l— Mav 20 27 28 29........ 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 6 6 3.00 3.04 3. 20 3.42 3.43 2.83 2. 09 3.38 3.83 3.77 3. 45 2.93 0.781 (") 2.26 2. 42 .440 . 865 1.92 1.70 1.46 .947 1.87 .904 2.30 3.08 2.31 2.31 2.18 4.44 1.76 4.18 3.04 1 3.48 1.06 2.52 2.19 i 4.11 2.57 1 4.27 2.03 1 3.49 1.99 2.94 1.90 1 3.83 1.93 2.834 26.0 "69." 3" 70.8 12.8 30. 71.4 50. 3 38.1 '25.1 54. 2 30.9 76.7 76.0 66.9 51.5 88.6 58.7 81.4 70.0 53.0 .52. 8 .5(5. 8 0.5.9 102.7 76.0 136. 2 122. 2 101.5 89.0 152. 8 ]'20.3 91.1 78.0 111.0 96.7 -0.08 + .73 -1.18 - .76 - .06 + .31 -1.42 - .89 + .34 + .83 - .38 + .096 0.5 .6 .5 .5 .51 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 Total 39. (W 15.567 2.5.92 3. '25 1.297 , 2.16 41.484 3.457 39.9 66.4 106.3 2. 45-1 - .'207 6.0 Hubperirxl- I, 2, and 3: Total 121.57 49.491 79.74 129.234 a 38 1 9.1:, -I'l-l : 3. .500 40.7 6.5.0 10(i.3 -7.664 - .'21 17.0 a No movement. 348 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PKESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIV. — Phosphoric-acid balances for Series V — Continued. ISTo. 6 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 [ o In feces' tt, ^"^^ i feces urine. \f^l;. (2+3) 1 ^'^^^> 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Preservative period — Continued. Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 . i^:::::::: 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Grams. 3.67 3.15 3.31 3.21 3.42 3.17 2.74 3.33 3.51 3.23 3.66 3.52- 3.10 (3.05) Grams. 2.23 2.44 1.41 .616 1.15 1.45 .838 2.16 1.23 1.21 (a) 3.43 (a) Lost. Grams. 1.93 1.50 2.15 2.51 1.76 2.23 2.11 1.90 2.01 2.01 1.87 1.91 1.65 (2. 20) Grams. 4.16 3.94 3.56 3.13 2.91 3.68 2.95 4.06 3.24 3.22 1.87 5.34 1.65 Per ct. 60.8 77.5 42.6 19.2 33.6 45.7 30.6 64.9 35.0 37.5 "97 ."4" Per ct. 52.6 47.6 65.0 78.2 61..5 70.3 77.0 57.1 57.3 62.2 51.1 54.3 53.2 (72.1) Per ct. 113.4 125.1 107.6 97.5 85.1 116.1 107.7 121.9 92:3 99.7 51.1 151.7 53.2 Grams. -0.49 - .79 - .25 + .08 + .51 - .51 - .21 - .73 + .27 + .01 +1.79 -1.82 +1.45 Grams. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Total 1 Average I 43.02 (46.07) 3.31 (3.29) 18. 164 43.71 42.2 "(66."2)' 101.6 -0.69 1 .^ = (27.74) 2. 5 1.397 3.36 - .05 (1.98) 1 1 Entire preservative period: 164. .59 (167.64) 3.36 (3.35) 67. 655 172. 944 41.1 ■(64."i)' 105. 1 -8.354 (107.48) 1 19. 5 A 1 1.381 3. 529 - .169 Average ■ (2.15) " After period. 1903— June 21 3.15 3.62 3.21 3.60 3.64 3.54 3.37 4.60 3.61 0.936 2.51 1.11 1.79 (a) ..508 3.22 1.38 («) 2.20 2.37 2.36 1.99 2.17 1.80 2.37 2.19 1.82 3.136 4.88 3.47 3.78 2.17 2.31 5.69 3.57 1.82 29.7 69.3 34.6 49.7 "14.4" 95.5 30.0 69.8 65.5 73.5 55.3 59.6 50.8 70.3 47.6 50.4 99.6 134.8 108.1 105.0 59.6 65.3 165.9 77.6 50.4 +0. 014 -1.26 - .26 - .18 +1.47 +1.23 —2 22 +L03 + 1.79 22 23 24 '^5 26 27 28 29 Total 32.34 3. .59 11. 454 1.273 19.27 2.14 30. 726 3.414 35.4 59.6 95.0 +1.614 + .176 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 349 Table LXV. — Summari/ of piiosphorlc-acld balances for Series V. Tliree men. TotHl AvvraKe 850 IlSTFLUElSrCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXV. — Summary of phosphoric-acid balances for Series V — Continued. Three inen..— Continued. Period.' 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2 + 3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Preservative period— Continued. Entire preservative period: Grams. ■ 641. 81 (655. 17) [645. 06] 4.40 r4_4n^ Grams. Grams. Grams. 691.89 Per ci. Per ct. Per d. 107.8 Grams. -50.08 Grams. 1 Total \ (418.84) (63.9) > 74. 5 [282. 53] [43.8] \ 4.74 - .34 Average \ (2.81) \ \i. 39I ■[1.92]" "■ -• After period. No.l 1 No 3 40.28 (44.94) 37.68 42.52 24.31 46.04 60.4 (54.' 7')' 114.3 - 5.76 (24.58) 23. 01 26.24 14.57 18.23 37.58 44.47 38.7 42.9 61.1 61.7 99.7 104.6 + .10 - 1.95 No. 5 Total. 1 Average -j 120. 48 (125. 14) 4.63. (4.63) 57.11 128. 09 47.4 (59.' 6)' 106. 3 - 7.61 (73.83) 2.20 4.93 - .30 (2.73) Five naen.. Fore period. No.l :| 33.17 27.11 (31.29) [31.66] 23. 91 32.75 [37. 66] 21. 95 16.97 19.86 36.83 25.96 51.2 59.8 111.0 95.8 - 3.66 + 1.15 No. 2 (20. 05) (64.1) [10. 70] 9.23 [33. 8] 38.6 [34:8]" 3.5.4 No. 3 18.19 25.04 27.42 36.71 76.1 76.5 114.7 112.1 - 3.51 - 3.96 •{ [13.11] 7.78 No. 6 i6.47 24. 25 75.0 110.5 - 2.30 •1 •{ I. 138. 89 (143.07) [148. 35] 4.09 (4. 09) [4.12] 151.17 (69.' 6)' 108.8 -12.28 Total (99.61) [57. 79] [39.0] 4.45 - .36 Average (2.85) [1.61] 1 _ Preservative perioc First subperiod : No.l 57.85 54.08 41.48 [44. 73] 58.06 42.14 29.40 21. 80 33.96 33.40 27.75 63. 35 55.20 41. 15 50.8 40.3 i32.'s]" 38.9 40.3 58.7 61.8 66.9 109.5 102.1 99.2 - 5.50 - 1.12 + .33 6 No. 2 6 ■{ I 6.0 . [14. 67] 22.60 16.99 N0.5 39.52 26.88 62. 12 43.87 68.1 63.8 107.0 104.1 - 4.06 - 1.73 6 N0.6 -- 5 1 2.53. 61 [256. 86] 4.30 [4.28] 161. 51 265. 69 "[4i."i]" 63.7 104.8 -12. 08 } 29.0 [105.46] Average 2.74 4. .50 - .20 [1.76] Second subperiod No.l 67.26 50.95 42.22 53.31 (58.26) 40.40 28.96 20.55 16.70 20.90 33.75 33.58 30.39 62.71 54.13 46.10 55.87 50.6 40.3 37.2 39.2 58.9 65.9 72.0 (65."5J" 66.7 109.5 106. 2 109. 2 104.8 - 5.45 - 3.18 - 3.88 - 2.56 6 No. 2 6 N0.3 - 6 N0.5 -{ j- 6.0 (38. 18) 26.94 No. 6 i6.94 43.88 41.9 108.6 - 3.48 6 ■{ ■{ Total 244. 14 (249. 09) 4.14 (4.15) 103.05 262. 69 42.2 (65."4)' 107.6 -18.55 1 30.0 (162.84) Average 1.75 4.45 - .31 (2.71) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 351 Table LXV. — Summart/ of phosphoric-acid balances/or Scries 1'— Continued. Five inen — Continued. Period. Prc(:crratirc period — Continued. Subperiods 1 and 2: Total I Average Third subperiod: - 1: Xo.2 Xu.3 1 No. 5 1 No.6 Total I Average ■! S u b p e r i o d s 1,2, and 3: Total Average i In food. In feces Grams:, j 497.75 I (.502.70)1 [.501.00] 4 22 I (4; 22)' [-1.21] I Grams. [208. 51] [1.76] 52.57 (57. 45) 43.52 39.47 (43.00) 51.71 39.03 226. 30 (234.71) 3.90 (3.91) 724. 05 (737.41) [727. 30] 4.11 (4.12) [4.11] 3 In urine. In feces and urine. (2+3) Grams. "(324." 35) (2.73) Grams. 528. 38 17.98 14.28 (33. 56) 29.28 22. 30 15.57 (30. 19) 35.65 25. 92 97.85 "i.69' (154.60) ■■■(2.'58) (306. 36] (478.95) [1.74] (2.68) 58. 76 .52. 7 6 In In feces, urine. (2+1) (34-1) PercL W-6] Perct. (64.5) 47. 26 41.78 41.3 36.2 57.95 41.48 43.1 39.9 247.23 I 43.2 [42.1] (58.4) 67.3 (70.2) 68.9 66.4 (65. 9) (65. 0) In feces and urine. (44-1) Per ct. 106.1 111.8 108.6 105.9 112. 1 106.3 109.2 8 Balance. (1-4) Grams. -30.63 .20 6.19 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Grams. i 59.0 3.74 2.31 6. 24 2.45 -51.56 '-".'36" 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 -20.93 ^ „g - - .36 I I SS.i H^ix )rit?ii. Fore period. Xo.l '\ 33.17 27.11 . (31.29) . [31.06] 23.91 i 22.92 . [27.58] 32.75 1. [37.00] 21.95 16.97 19.86 36.83 25. 96 51.2 59.8 111.0 95.8 - 3.66 + 1.15 No. 2 (20.05) " [33." 8] 38.6 "[33.' i]' ■ [34.' 8]" 35. 4 (64.1) [10. 70] 9.23 :"":::::::" No. 3 18.19 20.19 27.42 28.50 70.1 88.1 114.7 124.3 - 3.61 - 5.58 •{ ;{ / ■| •1 No. 4 [9.14] No. 5 25.04 36.71 70.5 112.1 - 3.96 No.C 16.47 24.25 75.0 110.5 - 2.30 101.81 . (Ift5.99) . [17.5.93 3.95 . (3.95):- [4.00], 179.67 111.0 -17.86 Total (119.80) (72.2) ■■■[i.M]" [38.0] (2.'85) 4.38 - .43 A vcruge . . . 1 I'reKrvaUve perio Flrnl Hubperirwl: No.l No.2 N0.3 57.85 ' 54.08 41.48 . [44.73] 41.78 58.00 , 42. 14 1 29. 10 21.80 '(14.67]' 12. .57 22. 00 16. 99 33.90 K\. 40 27.75 63.36 f>5.20 41.15 50.8 40.3 ' 132.' 8]' 30.1 38.9 40.8 58.7 01.8 66.9 109.5 102. 1 99. 2 .5. .50 I.IJ ! .:(;t 0. 0.0 [ 0.0 No. 4 32. 52 39. .52 20.88 46.08 02. 12 43.87 77.8 68.1 63.8 107. 9 107.0 104.1 - 3.30 •- 4.00 - 1.73 0.0 No.6 0.0 No. (J 5.0 :i Total 295. 39 ' . [Wi.M] I 4.10 . [4.15J "uKiU] '"[V.fA] 194.03 310.77 ■[36: 6] 05.7 105.2 -l.5.:« } iW.O 2.73 4.38 - .22 Avemgc — 352 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXV. — Sununary of phosphoric-acid balances for Series T'— Continued. Six inen.— Continued. Period. 1 In food. . 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Preservative period — Continued. Second .snbperiod: No. 1 Gi-a7m. 57.26 50. 95 42. 22 47.49 53.31 (58. 26) 40.40 Grains. 28. 96 20.55 15.70 16.04 20.90 Grams. 33.75 33.58 30.39 36.43 Grams. 62.71 54.13 46.10 52.47 55.87 Per ct. 50.6 40.3 37.2 33.8 39.2 Per ct. 58.9 65.9 72.0 76.7 (65.' 5)' 66.7 Per ct. 109.5 106.2 109.2 110.5 104.8 Grams. - 5.45 - 3.18 - 3.88 - 4.98 - 2.56 Grams. 6.0 "No. 2 6.0 No. 3 6.0 No. 4 6.0 No.5 1 No. 6 }- 6.0 6.0 (38.18) 26. 94 16.94 43.88 41.9 108.6 - 3.48 Total 1 Average | 291. 63 (296. 58) 4.11 (4.12) 119.09 315.16 40.8 (67.'2)' 108.1 -23.53 1 36.0 (199.27) 1.68 4.44 - .33 (2.77) Subperiods 1 and 2: 587.02 (591.97) [.590. 27] 4.13 (4.14) [4.13] 625. 93 106.6 -38.91 ] Total \ (393. 30) (66.4) > 71.0 [237. 12] [40.2] J 1 4.41 - .28 (2.75) [1.66] BORIC ACID AND BOKAX. Table LXVI. — General summary of phosphoric-acid balances. 353 Period and series. Fore period. Series I 1I« 1 In food. In feces. III. IV. V. 26. U Grams. Grams. I 142. ."SS? 49.985 \ (147.1.18) 61. 63 (78.93) 155. 53 (159.43) [158.98] f 111.99 i (116.46) f 89. 83 \ [91- V4] 3 In urine. Total — Average Perscrvatire period. Series I Ill [54. 043] 35. 205 [39. 31] 499. 887 (.512.878) [508. 247] [178. 543] 4.463 (4.460) [4.4.58] [1.566] 99. 294 38.' is' III. IV. 291.433 (299.393) 95. 23 \ (104.92) ' 178. 58 [193.35] 263. 53 641.81 I (6.5.5.17) i [645.06] ' [282. .53] Total . [62. 047 97.51 Average 1,375.353 (1,396.673) [1,393.373] [541.381] 4.298 297), 301] [1.671] Grams. "(92.' 579) "(44.' 08) "(94.' 92) (67.46) 63.09 In feces and urine. (2+3) Grams. 139. 687 In feces. (2^1) In urine. (3-1) 61.27 " 14.5.' 47' 100.38 '166.'%' (318.049) '"(2.' 766) 4.344 (194.378) (63. 35) 121.70 160. 15 '(iii'si) Per ct. 35.1 42.4 [34.0] 31.4 [41.. 5] [35.1] Per ct. '(62.'9) '(55.'8) '(.59.'5) (57.9) 70.*; (62.0) In feces and urine. (44-1) Per cl. 98.0 99.4 93.5 89.6 'ii2.4 Balance. (1-4) Grains. + 2.85 + .36 '+i6.'6(i' + 11.61 '-ii.'is' 97.3 I +13.39 96. 3() 'i79.'2i' 257. 67 691.89 (' ' 4!2! .{ (4.2! 1 [4.3( (895.068) "'(2.'754') After perujd. Series 1 f 224.18 . 79.229 "1 (229.25) I (145.751) ( 126.51 III \ (142.03) ' (74.64) [130.53 : [43.38] , IV ;; 98.13 I 32.07 60.14 f 120.48 57.11 [ (125.14) (73.83) V. ToUl Averajff ( .569.30 \ (.594.55) (354.361) 1 [.573.32] [212.389] ( 4.248 J N.247) ! (2.531) (4.247) [4.246] [1.573] 1,418.050 "4.'43i 34.1 'io.'i [32.1] 37.0 (64.9) (60.4) 68.2 [43.8] [38.9] 108.79 92.81 128.09 [33.2] 33.3 47.4 552. 161 "'4.'i2i' [37.0] 60.8 "(63.9) (64.1) (63.6) (52.6) "ei.'s "(69.' 6) 99.3 "i6i.'2' 'ioo.'i' 97.8 107.8 + 2.153 "-\.\z "-"."es" + 5.86 -50.08 - . 133 99.2 1.709 86.0 +17.72 94.6 106.3 (59.6) 97.0 + 5. 32 -- 7.61 +17.139 ' + ".'i27 «ThiH Hcries is not included in total; all members ill In the after period. 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 23 354 INFLUENCE 01' FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. FAT TABLES. Table LXVII. — Fat balances for Series II. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Jan 21 a Oi-ams. 131. 11 129. 26 148. 42 137. 57 133. 76. 131.44 138.45 Grams. 9.19 5.04 6.77 4.11 6.18 4.44 6.17 Per cent. 7.0 3.9 4.6 3.0 4.6 3.4 4.5 Grains. 121. 92 124. 22 141. 65 133. 46 127. 58 127. 00 132.28 Grams. 2'> 23 24 25 26 27 Total 950. 01 135. 72 41.90 5.96 4.4 908. 11 129. 76 Average . Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Jan. 28 139. 50 157. 16 132. 44 124. 66 14.40 3.65 7.92 12.91 10.3 2.3 6.0 10.4 125. 10 153. 61 124. .52 111.75 1.0 29 1.0 30 1.0 31 1.0 Total 553. 76 138.44 38.88 9.72 7.0 514. 88 l'.^8. 72 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 129. 78 110. 81 144. 00 125. 75 lb. 72 6.94 6.43 129. 78 95.09 137. 06 119. 32 2.0 2 14.2 4.8 5.1 2.0 3 2.0 4 2.0 510. 34 127. 58 29.09 7.27 6.7 481. 25 120. 31 8.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903_Feb. 5 126. 20 96.20 141.09 113. 96 8.45 6.08 9.79 8.25 6.7 6.3 6.9 7.2 117. 75 90.12 131. 30 105. 71 3.0 6 3.0 7 3.0 8 3.0 Total 477. 45 119. 36 32.57 8.14 6.8 444. 88 111. 22 12 Average Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 1,541.55 128. 46 100.54 8.38 6.5 1,441.01 120.08 24 Average 1903— Feb. 9 121. 28 127.97 5.38 8.21 4.4 6.4 115. 90 119. 76 4 10 4 5 ISTo. 8. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 21a 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total Average 1.50. 35 130. 86 148. 90 170. 40 110.06 127. 60 144. 61 982. 78 140. 40 10.59 3.54 (6) 7.76 8.78 5.78 36.45 5.21 7.0 2.7 4.6 8.0 4.5 3.7 139. 76 127. 32 148. 90 162. 64 101. 28 121. 82 144. 61 946. 33 135. 19 a Data not obtained for January 19 and 20, the first two days of the fore period. 6 No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 355 Table LXVII.— Fo< balances for Series //—Continued. !N"o. 8 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 Grams. 121.64 130. 83 123. 63 135.61 Grams. 8.03 12.20 («) 7.44 Per cent. 6.6 9.3 Oramg. 113. 61 118.63 123. 63 128.17 GraniD. 1.0 1.0 1 29 30 31 .5.5 1.0 Total ...: Average 511.71 127. 93 27.67 6.92 5.4 485. 04 121.01 4.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 2 3 ..'.'.'.'.'.'...'.'.'..'.'.]['.'.'.][[[][[ 12.5.43 121. 70 8.10 8.13 Discarded. Discarded . 6.5 6.7 117.33 113. .57 2.0 2.0 .0 .0 4 Total 247. 13 123.56 16. 23 8.13 6.6 230. 90 11.5.43 4.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total Average 758.84 126.47 43.93 7.32 5.1 714.91 119. 15 8.0 No. 9. No. lO. Foil jifrio'l. 1903— Jan. 21 '> 132. 32 117.64 133. 45 147.51 119.53 120. 47 7.04 1.34 6.01 («) 8.25 8.99 Di.scarded. .5.3 1.1 4.5 125. 28 116.30 127. 44 147.61 111.28 111.48 22 23 24 25 6.9 7.5 26 27 Total 770. 92 128. 48 31.63 6.27 4.1 739.29 123.21 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 38.20 114.82 108.21 8.48 6. 83 5. 76 Lost. 22.2 , 29.72 5. 9 107. 99 .5.3 1 102.45 1 29 1 (1 m 1 31 1.0 Total 261.23 87.08 21.07 7.02 8,1 940 It; 1 Average 80.06 Fore period. 1903— Jan. 21 '' 170.14 692. 88 170. 10 17.5. 77 143. 27 151.20 1.50.22 4. 60 6.53 8.14 7.:{7 8.33 11.44 6. .59 2.6 4.0 4.H 4.1 5.8 7.0 4.4 1 171.64 22 1.50.36 .... 161.96 .... 1«!8.40 .... 23 24 25 134.94 |.... 139.82 .... 26 .. . 27 143.03 Total 1,129.64 101. :« .53.00 7.57 4.7 1,070.04 .... 168.81 .... ' Prmervalivr period. Fin*t Hubperiod: j'jtO — jmi, 28 145. 60 7.28 DlHcarded. 7.40 Dliwarfled. 6.0 188. :ih 1 (1 29 1.(1 30 176.29 4.2 1«7. 89 I.I' 31 1.0 Total 320. 95 inc. IH 14.08 7.34 4.6 mi 27 153.14 .... 4.0 "No rnoveniciit. '' Dfitii not obtained for January 19uik1 20, tli" i'r»i n if (III. fun- (iitIimI. 356 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXVII. — Fat balances for Series II — Continued. IN"©. lO — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Preservative period— Continued. Second subperiod: 1903_Feb 1 &rams. 172. 75 168.99 149.06 143. 80 Grams. 13.20 5.81 7.27 11.49 Per cent. 7.6 3.4 4.9 8.0 Grams. 159. 55 163.18 141.79 132. 31 Grams. •J 2 3 2 4 .. 2 Total 634. 60 158. 65 37.77 9.44 6.0 596. 83 149. 21 8 Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 ' 156. 83 120. 87 169. 11 116.70 15.01 (a) 15. 07 (°) 9.6 141.82 120. 87 154. 04 116.70 3.0 6 . .. 3 7 8 8.9 3.0 3.0 Total 563. 51 140. 88 30.08 7.52 6.3 533. 43 133.66 12 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 1, 519. 06 151.91. 82.53 8. 25 5.4 1, 436. 53 143. 66 24.0 Fourth subperiod: 1903_Feb. 9 8.33 Discarded. 4.0 10 4.0 Total 8.33 8.0 N"o. 11. Fore period. 1903_,jan. 21 b 137.23 123. 96 145.31 141.80 129. 56 116.47 131. 12 6.05 9.25 14.14 14.14 3.42 6.43 6.08 4.4 7.5 9.7 10.0 2.6 4.7 4.6 131.18 114.71 131. 17 127. 66 126. 14 111.04 125. 04 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total . .... 925. 45 132.21 58.61 8.36 6.3 866. 94 123.85 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 132. 60 128. 91 123. 56 121.97 4.24 5.40 4.71 7.30 3.2 4.2 3.8 6.0 128.36 123. 61 118.85 114. 67 1.0 29 1.0 30 1.0 31 1.0 Total 507. 04 126. 76 21.65 5.41 4.3 485.39 121.36 4.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 141. 00 129.80 2.98 1.05 Discarded. 5.07 2.1 .8 138. 02 128. 75 2.0 2 2.0 3 .0 4 42.67 11.9 37.60 .0 Total 313. 47 104. 49 9.10 3.03 2.9 304. 37 101. 46 4.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 820. 51 117.22 30.75 4.39 3.7 789. 76 112. 83 8.0 Average a No movement. &Data not obtained for January 19 and 20, the first two days of the fore period. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 857 Table LXVII. — Fat bulance-t for Serlen //^Continued. IsTo. 1,2. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 21 « Grams. 133. 43 141.76 134. 14 154. 87 135. 15 125. 26 128. 31 Grams. 4.52 4.97 5.26 5.34 9.32 3.13 Per cent. 3.4 3.5 3.9 4."6' 7.4 2.4 Grams. 128. 91 136. 79 128. 88 154.87 129. 81 115.94 125. 18 Grams. 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 952.92 136.13 32.54 4.65 3.4 920. 38 131.68 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_.Jan. 28 132. 74 141.96 134. 93 144. 51 5.78 5.72 .5.21 9.82 4.4 4.0 3.9 6.8 126. 96 136. 24 129. 72 134. CO 1.0 29 1.0 30 1.0 31 1.0 Total 554. 14 138. 54 26.53 6.63 4.8 .527. til 131.91 4.0 Second suhperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 133. 22 129. 94 88.90 108.85 6.00 8.43 1.66 3.33 4.5 6.5 1.9 3.1 127. 22 121.61 87. 24 105. 62 2.0 2 2.0 3 . . ... 2.0 i 2.0 Total 460.91 115.23 19. 42 4.86 . 4.2 441.49 110.37 8.0 Third snbperiod: 1903-Feb. 5 6 109. 99 69. 19 41.42 17. 95 '\ 10 ■2. 04 3.80 3. -y.i 4.6 2.9 9.2 19.7 104. S9 67. 15 37. 62 14.42 3.0 .0 7 .0 .0 Total 238. 55 59.64 14.47 3.62 6.1 224. 08 56.02 3.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 1,253.60 104.47 60.42 5.04 4.8 1,193.18 99.43 15.0 A verage " Data not obtained for January 19 and 20, the first two days of the fore period. t> No movement. T.\uLic LXVIII. — Summary of fat balances for Series II. Two meia. I'eriod. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-5-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore, periofl. \rur. 12 54.36 60.87 49.24 .54.63 71.66 4.58 2.17 4.26 1.85 2.42 Lost. 4.03 4.38 8.4 3.6 8.7 3.4 3.4 49.78 58. 70 44.98 52. 78 69.24 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 80.88 50.82 5.0 8.6 76. 85 46.44 422.46 60.35 23.69 3.38 5.6 398. 77 56. 97 362 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIX. — Fat balances for Series ZZJ^Continued. ISTo. 4. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Feb 19 Grams. Absent.- 113. 74 107. 51 Gi'ams. Per cent. Gi-ams. Grams. 20 3.80 2.02 Lost. 2.17 4.20 4.37 4.83 3.29 3.3 1.9 109. 94 105. 49 21 22 23 115. 54 106. 66 139. 66 111. 60 127. 72 i.9 3.9 3.1 4.3 2.6 113. 37 102. 46 135. 29 106. 77 124. 43 24 . 25 26 27 Total 822. 43 117. 49 24.68 3.53 3.0 797. 75 113. 96 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 102. 33 102. 42 125. 41 138. 98 3.51 6.24 3.13 4.78 3.4 6.1 2.5 3.4 98.82 96.18 122. 28 134.20 LO Mar. 1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 Total 469. 14 117. 28 17.66 4.42 3.8 451. 48 112. 87 4.0 1903— Mar. 4 147.42 107. 79 93.15 85.59 4.29 5.59 3.17 4.96 2.9 5.2 3.4 5.8 143. 13 102. 20 89.98 80.63 4.0 ' 4.0 6 2.0 2.0 Total 433. 95 108. 49 18.01 4.50 4.2 415. 94 103. 99 12.0 Third subperiod: 190g_Mar. 8 99.35 78.79 90.11 56.78. 3.53 2.80 4.52 4.23 3.6 3.6 5.0 7.4 95.82 75.99 86.59 52.55 ■3.0 9 1.7 10 3.0 11 2.0 Total 325. 03 81.26 15.08 3.77 4.6 309. 95 77.49 9.7 Total 1, 228. 12 102.34 50. 75 4.23 4.1 1,177.37 98.11 25.7 Average . After period. 3903— Mar. 12 Lost. Lost. («) 3.91 3.42 2.24 2.75 Discarded. 13 14 70.34 61.52 91.82 71.94 107. 03 70.34 57.61 88.40 69.70 104. 28 15 6.4 3.7 3.1 2.6 16 18 19 Total 402.65 80.63 12.32 2.46 3.1 390.33 78.07 Average a No moTement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 363 Table LXIX. — Fat balances for Series III — Continued. JiTo. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In feces. (2+1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 Grams. 134. 02 127. 01 129. 15 115. 04 99. 52 107. 96 130. 39 119. 21 131.85 Grams. 3.59 1.87 3.01 14.04 7.70 3.00 5. 12 11.04 1.84 Per cent. 2. 7 1.5 2.3 12.2 7.7 2.8 3.9 9.3 1.4 Grams. 130.43 125. 14 126. 14 101. 00 91.82 104.96 125. 27 108. 17 130. 01 Grams. 20 21 •« 23 24 25 26 0- Total 1,094.15 121. 57 51.21 5.69 4.7 1,042.94 115. 88 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 2S 123.83 123. 80 133. 61 135. 74 9.22 .70 6.57 10.16 7.4 .6 4.9 7.5 114.61 123. 10 127. 04 125. 58 1 Mar. 1 1 2 1 3 1 Total 516. 98 129. 24 26. 65 6.66 5.2 490. 33 122. 58 4 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 172. 04 124. 72 108. 59 124.00 4.74 3.35 7.74 4.52 2.8 2. 7 7.1 3.6 ■ 167.30 121. 37 100. 85 119.48 4 5 4 6 2 2 Total 529. 35 132. 34 20. 35 .5.09 3.8 509.00 127.25 l'> Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 107. 18 112.39 75. 56 98. 87 3.61 1.00 2.07 .82 3.4 .9 2.7 .8 103. 57 111.39 73.49 98.05 3.0 9 3 10 2.2 11 3 Total 394. 00 98. .50 7.50 1.88 1.9 386.50 96.62 11 2 . Entire preservative period: Total 1,440.33 120.03 54.50 4.54 3.8 1,385.83 115. 49 27 2 AJlcr period. 1903 — Mar. 12 80.11 lOH. 36 121.73 113.24 13H.94 117.26 172. 14 134. IH 6.34 4.05 5.44 7.9 3.7 4.5 73.77 104.31 116. 29 13 14 15 16 3.61 5. .57 1.09 4.02 2.6 4.8 .6 3.0 13.5. 33 111.69 171.05 130. 16 17 1« 19 Total 985.96 123,24 30. 12 4.30 3.1 9.55. 84 118. 94 364 INFLUENCE OP FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXIX. — Fat balances for Series III — Continued. ]sro. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. 1903_Feb.l9 Grams. 102. 04 83.59 104. 97 92.36 100. 27 108. 80 123. 32 101. 41 113. 16 Gh-ams. (a) 1.92 10.50 4.85 (a) 3.23 3.94 5.07 («) Per cent. Gravis. 102.04 81.67 94.47 87. 51 100. 27 105. 57 119. 38 96.34 113. 16 Grams. 20 2.3 10.0 5.3 21 22 23 24 3.0 3.2 5.0 25 26 27 Total 929. 92 103. 32 29.51 3.28 3.2 900.41 100.05 Preservative period. First subperiod; 1903— Feb. 28 68. 27 74.10 76.15 115. 32 6.33 7.05 5.40 2.71 9.3 9.5 7.1 2.3 61.94 67.05 - 70.75 112.61 1.0- .0 2 .0 3 .0 Total 333. 84 83.46 21.49 5.37 6.4 312. 35 78.09 1.0 1903_iiar. 4 ., 137.38 100.93 107. 13 115. 24 4.93 8.31 ■5.53 5.12 3.6 8.2 5.2 4.4 132. 45 92.62 101. 60 110. 12 o.o .0 6 1.0 2.0 Total 460. 68 115. 17 23.89 5.97 5.2 436. 79 109. 20 3.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 110.26 115. 83 103. 01 123. 47 5.24 3.83 4.84 4.8 3.3 105. 02 112.00 103. 01 118.63 3.0 9 3.0 10 . .. 3.& 11 3.9 3.0 Total 452. .57 113. 14 13.91 3.48 3.1 438. 66 109. 66 12. Total 1,247.09 103. 92 59.29 4.94 4.8 1,187.80 98.98 15.0 After period. 1903_Mar.l2 107. 22 103. 12 108. 48 116.10 133. 09 112.22 128. 79 6.14 6.44 2.27 4.67 5.08 .5.33 8.80 Lost. 5.7 5.3 2.1 4.0 3.8 4.7 6.8 101. 08 97.68 106. 21 111.43 128.01 106.89 119. 99 13 14 15 16 18 Total 809. 02 115. 57 37.73 5.39 4.7 771. 29 110.18 a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 365 Table LXX. — Summary of fat balances for Series III. Four ineia. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2+1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Ftirr j)( riod. No.l Gi-ams. 1,103.61 810.01 822. 13 1,094.15 Gi-arns. 79. 26 39.32 24.68 61.21 Per cent. 7.2 4.9 3.0 4.7 Grams. 1,024.35 770. 69 797. 75 1,012.94 Grams. No 3 No 4 No. 5 . Total 3, 830. 20 112. 65 194. 47 5. 72 5.1 3, 035. 73 106. 93 Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 1 .588. 79 ■ 282. 39 469. 14 .516.98 3,5.92 11.02 17. 66 26. 65 6.1 3.9 3.8 5.2 552.87 271.37 451.48 490. 33 4.0 No. 3 4.0 No. 4 . . 4.0 No. 5 4.0 Total 1,857.30 123. 82 91.25 6.08 4.9 1,766.05 117. 74 16.0 Second subperiod: .593. 99 383. 38 433. 95 .529. 35 33.68 20.01 18. 01 20. 35 5.7 5.2 4.2 3.8 560. 31 363. 37 41.5. 94 509. 00 12.0 No. 3 12.0 12.0 No. 5 12.0 Total 1,910.67 121.29 92. 05 5. 75 4.7 1,848.62 115. .54 48.0 Third .subperiod: No. 1 . .549. 93 324. .55 325.03 394. 00 12. 03 10. 28 1.5.08 7. .50 2.2 3.2 4.6 1.9 537. 90 314. 27 309. 95 386. 50 10.0 11.0 No. 4 9.7 11.2 Total 1,-593. .51 99. 59 44. S9 2.81 2.8 1,. 548. 62 96. 78 41.9 Entire preservative period: No. 1 1,732.71 990.32 1,228.12 1,440.33 81. 63 41.31 .50. 75 54.. 50 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.8 1,651.08 949. 01 1,177.37 1 , 386. 83 26.0 No 3 27.0 No. 4. . 2.5.7 No 5 27.2 Total 5,391.48 114.71 228. 19 4. 86 4.2 5,163.29 109.85 105.9 After period. No. 1 1,113.77 422. 46 402. 65 985. 96 40. 75 23. 69 12. 32 30. 12 3.7 5.6 3.1 3.1 1 , 073. 02 398. 77 390. 33 95.5.84 No. 4 No 5 Total . . . 2,924.84 104.46 IW). 88 3.82 3.7 2,817.96 100.64 IQ6 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXr — Sumviary of fat balances for Series iZZ^— Continued. Five ixieii.. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) . 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. No. 1 Grams. 1, 103. 61 1, 032. 21 810. 01 .S22. 43 1, 094. 15 Grains. 79.26 43. 49 39.32 24.68 51.21 Per cent. 7.2 4.2 4.9 3.0 4.7 (reams. 1, 024. 35 988. 72 770. 69 797. 75 1, 042. 94 Grams. No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 . . . No. 5 Total 4, 862. 41 113. 08 237. 9(> 5.53 4.9 4, 624. 45 107. 55 Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 1 588. 79 508. 24 282.39 469. 14 516. 98 35.92 17.73 11.02 17.66 26.65 6.1 3.5 3.9 3.8 5.2 552. 87 490. 51 271.37 451.48 490. 33 4 No. 2 4.0 No. 3 4.0 No. 4 4.0 No. 5 4.0 Total 2,365.54 124. 50 108. 98 5.74 4.6 2, 256. 56 118. 76 20.0 Second subperiod: No. 1 593. 99 397. 30 383. 38 433. 95 529. 35 33.68 2.75 20.01 18.01 20.35 5.7 . 7 5.2 4.2 3.8 560. 31 394. 55 363. 37 415. 94 509. 00 12.0 No. 2 7.0 No. 3 12.0 No. 4 12.0 No. 5 12.0 Total 2,337.97 ll(j. 90 94.80 4.74 4.1 2, 243. 17 112. 16 55.0 Average Third subperiod: No. 1 .549. 93 313. 54 324. 65 325. 03 394. 00 12.03 8.62 10.28 15.08 7.50 2.2 2.7 3.2 4.6 1.9 537. 90 304. 92 314. 27 309. 95 386. 50 10.0 No. 2 .0 No. 3 11.0 No. 4 9.7 No. 5 11.2 Total 1, 907. 05 95. 35 53.51 2.68 2.8 1,853.54 92.67 41.9 Average Entire preservative period: No.l . 1, 732. 71 1, 219. 08 990. 32 1,228.12 1, 440. 33 81.63 29.10 41.31 50.75 54.50 4.7 2.4 4.2 4.1 3.8 1,651.08 1, 189. 98 949. 01 1, 177. 37 1, 385. 83 26 No. 2 11.0 No. 3 27.0 No. 4 25.7 No. 5 27.2 Total 6, 610. 56 112. 04 257. 29 4.36 3.9 6, 353. 27 107. 68 116.9 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 367 Table LXXI. — Fat halance.'i for Series IV. ISTo. 7. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Borax ad- ministered. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 Crrams. 95.36 123.81 101.31 134. 80 110. 27 127. 59 111.75 121. 86 Gixims. 5.13 6.92 5.63 4.37 5.01 3.45 9.15 2.99 Per cent. 5.4 5.6 5.6 3.2 4.5 2.7 8.2 2.4 Grams. 90.23 116.89 95. 68 130. 43 105. 26 124. 14 102. 60 118. 87 Grams. 21 •)•} 23 24 . . 25 26 27 Total 926. 75 115.84 42. 65 5.33 4.6 884.10 110.51 Average Presen'ative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Mar ''n 102. 94 106. 49 115.24 112. 77 .5.41 8.28 6.35 4.55 5.3 7.8 5.5 4.0 97.53 98.21 108. 89 108. 22 5 29 .5 30 5 .5 Total 437. 44 109. 36 24. .59 6.15 5.6 412. 85 103. 21 2 Second subperiod: 1903_Apr. 1 126. 39 (^) 126.39 1 1 « Ob.servations discontinued. b No movement. 368 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXI. -Fat balances for Series IV — Continued. ISTo. 8. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-Hl) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Borax ad- ministered. Fore period. 1903 Mar 20 drams. 133. 01 118. 97 121. 40 Gravis. 0.80 3.34 2.18 Lost. («) 5.21 4.57 («) Per cent. 0.6 2.8 1.8 Grams. 132. 21 115. 63 119. 22 Grams. 21 22 ' 23 21 128. 28 145. 84 133.65 141. 21 128. 28 140. 63 129. 08 141. 21 25 3.6 3.4 26 27 Total 922. 36 131. 77 16.10 2.30 1.7 906. 26 129. 47 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903_Mar. 28 123. 19 125. 53 139.62 128. 44 3.27 6.34 6.54 4.21 2.7 5.1 4.7 3.3 119. 92 119. 19 133.08 124.23 0.5 29 ' .5 30 .5 31 .5 Total 516. 78 129. 19 20.36 5.09 3.9 496. 42 124. 10 2.0 Second subperiod: 1903 Apr 1 155.96 117. 33 136. 99 119. 54 (°) 6.78 2.95 6.11 155. 96 110.55 134. 04 113.43 1.0 2 5.8 2.2 5.1 1.0 3 1.0 4 1.0 Total 529. 82 132. 45 15. 84 3.96 3.0 513. 98 128. 49 4.0 Total 1,046.60 130. 82 36.20 4.52 .„ 3.5 1, 010. 40 126.28 6.0 1903— Apr. 5 103.43 139. 54 126. 38 161. 44 117. 74 (a) 3.12 4.92 4.38 3.45 103.43 136. 42 121. 46 157. 06 114.29 1.0 6 2.2 3.9 2.7 2.9 1.0 7 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 Total 648. 53 129. 71 15. 87 3.17 2.4 632. 66 126. 53 5.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 1, 695. 13 130. 39 52.07 4.01 3.1 1, 643. 06 126. 39 11.0 Fourth subperiod: 1903— Apr 10 124. 41 125. 03 102. 18 159. 79 113. 48 3.62 3.31 5.24 3.09 3.68 2.9 2.6 5.1 1.9 3.2 120. 79 121. 72 96. 94 . 156. 70 109.80 2.0 2.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14 3.0 Total 624.89 124.98 18.94 3.79 3.0 605. 95 121. 19 11.0 Total 2, 320. 02 128. 89 71.01 3.94 3.1 2, 249. 01 124. 94 22.0 After period. 1903— Apr. 15 150. 06 120. 13 119. 93 115. 03 87.08 118.44 119. 22 162. 89 2.94 3.60 4.27 2.65 5.00 4.95 («) 6.58 2.0 3.0 3.6 2.3 5.7 4.2 147. 12 316.53 115.66 112. m 82.08 113. 49 119. 22 156. 31 17 18 . 19 21 ... 4.0 Total 992. 78 124. 10 29.99 3.75 3.0 962. 79 120. 35 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 369 T.^BLE LXXI. — Fat balances for Series /T'— Continued. IN^o. O. Period aud date. 1903— Mar. 20 . 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Fore period. Total . . . Average Preservative period 1 In food. 2 111 feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) Grams. 91.06 103. 02 86. 53 115. 41 71.29 104. 96 93.13 101.98 Gravis. 5.46 2.86 5.41 4.60 3.75 3.75 4.45 2.34 Per cent. 6.0 2.8 6.3 4.0 5.3 3.6 4.8 2.3 Balance. Borax ad- (1—2) iministered. 767.38 95. 92 32.62 4.08 4.3 Grams. Grams 85.60 I 100.16 I 81.12 110.81 67.54 I 101.21 S8. tiS 99.04 734.76 91. 8t First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 2X 29 30 31 80.41 85.10 93.78 89.77 ' 4.07 4.51 3.93 3.87 5.1 5.3 4.2 4.3 76.34 80.59 89. 85 a5.90 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 349.06 87. 26 16.38 4.10 4.7 332. 68 83. 16 2.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Apr. 1 2 3 4 108. 31 75.36 101.14 85.26 3.64 (") 6.09 («) 3.4 104.67 75. 36 95.05 85. 26 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 1.0 Total 370.07 92. .52 9.73 2.43 2.6 360. 34 90.09 4.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total . 719. 13 89.89 26.11 3.26 3.6 693.02 86.63 6.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Apr. 5 6 7 8 9 72.91 101.24 86.28 116.39 79.93 3.87 5.26 3.43 5.80 1.86 5.3 5.2 4.0 5.0 2.3 69.04 95.98 82. 85 110.59 78.07 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TotAl 4.56.75 91.35 20.22 4.04 4.4 436. 53 87.31 .5.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Average 1,17.5.88 ■ 90.45 46.33 3.56 3.9 1,129.55 86.89 11.0 Fourth .subperiixl: 1903— Apr. 10 11 13 14 93.31 82.08 78.63 110. 90 83.55 3.91 6.26 4.30 2.97 3.48 4.2 7.6 5.5 2.7 4.2 89.40 75. 82 74.33 107.93 HO. 07 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Average 448.47 89.69 20.92 4.18 4.2 427. 55 85.51 11.0 Entire preservative p€rio 642. 12 107. G2 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 371 Table LXXI. — Fat balances for Series /F— Continued. No. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 1 In feces. (2-1) * 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Borax ad- ministered. Fore period {excluded). 1903— Mar. 20 Grams. 132. 01 104.19 106. 88 Grams. 2.91 2.12 2.90 Lost. Per cent. 2.2 2.0 2.7 Grams. 129. 10 Grams. 21 102. 07 103. 98 •>3 ■'4 94.41 109. 68 111.89 122. 57 1.24 4.15 1.72 2.78 1.3 3.S 1.5 2.3 93.17 105. 53 110.17 119.79 25 ■'6 27 Total Average Pregerrative period (excluded). \ 781 63 17.82 1 2..55 ... 2.3 763.81 . ... 111.66 109.11 First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28. . 29.. 30.. Total . . . Average 88.88 102. 71 14.93 3.02 2. 45 6.70 Fori jxrioil. 1903— Mar. 31. Apr. 1. 206. 52 68.84 25. 16 68. .58 60.16 104. 61 12.17 4.06 Total . . . , Average 2.58. 51 64. 63 («) 2.69 1.45 2.80 3.4 2.4 44.9 85.86 100. 26 8.23 3.9 2.4 2.7 194. 35 64. 78 25. 16 65.89 58.71 101. 81 6.94 1.74 251. -57 62. 89 0.5 .5 .0 Preservative period. 1903— Apr. 4 5 6 90.74 93.26 95. 12 107. 76 114.49 90.32 108. 73 83. 21 97. 05 107. .57 90.11 .5.32 3.41 3.26 .5.20 3.12 4.06 2.44 3.71 4.22 4.34 2.60 5.9 3.7 3.4 4.8 2.7 4.5 2.2 4.5 4.3 4.0 2.9 85. 42 89.85 91.86 102. 56 111.37 86. 26 106. 29 79. .50 92. 83 103. 23 87. 51 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 10 1.0 11 1.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14 3.0 Total 1,078.36 98.03 41.68 3.79 3.9 1,036.68 94. 24 14.5 AJter period. 19. S — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. /'/>{.> rndirr period — Continued. Second subperiod: 1903— Mav 14 1,^ (^fraim. 95.94 101. 36 100.53 104.84 118. 03 102.73 93.53 90.30 107. 31 93.56 90.22 97.23 Grams. 2.23 2.32 2.16 2.03 2.03 2.68 1.71 1.68 2.07 2.77 1.77 2.11 Per cent. 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 3.0 2.0 2.2 Grami-. 93.71 99.04 98.37 102.81 116. 00 100. 05 91.82 88.62 105.24 90.79 88.45 95.12 Grams. 0.5 .5 16 .5 17 .5 IS .5 19 .5 20 .5 21 .5 22 .5 23 .5 24 .5 . 5 Total Average 1,195.-58 99.63 25. 56 2.13 2.1 1,170.02 97. 50 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total Average 2, .542. 19 105. 92 .51. 48 2.14 2.0 2, 490. 71 103. 78 12.0 1903-May26 104. 68 93.39 96.07 99.45 79.42 87.87 90.05 90.27 59.81 75.26 59.26 63.69 3.29 2.32 4.17 1.46 2.33 2.33 4.13 2.27 3.07 2.05 1.42 3.01 3.1 2.5 4.3 1.5 2.9 2.7 4.6 2.5 5.1 2.7 2.4 4.7 101.39 91.07 91.90 97.99 77.09 85.54 85.92 88.00 56.74 73.21 .57.84 60.68 0.5 .5 28 .5 .5 30 .5 .5 June 1 .5 .5 3 4 .5 .5 .5 .5 6 .5 Average 999.22 83.27 31.85 2.65 3.2 967. 37 80.62 0.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 3,.>11.41 98.37 83.33 2.31 2.4 3, 458. 08 96.06 18.0 Fourth «ubperiod: 76.94 75. .34 69.87 76.16 78.96 89.23 90.66 99.72 95. 61 86.75 75. 82 73.60 88.73 76.40 3.28 .80 4.23 2.05 2.17 2.02 3.03 1.18 3.41 3.09 4.73 ■ 3.83 4.49 8.25 4.3 .1 6.1 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.3 1.2 3.6 3.6 6.2 5.2 5.1 1.1 73.66 74.54 65.64 74.11 76.79 87.21 87.63 98.54 92.20 83.66 71.09 69.77 84.24 68.15 0.5 H .5 9 .5 10 .6 .5 12 .0 .0 14 .0 15 .0 16 .0 17 .0 1« .0 19 .0 20 .0 Total 1,153.79 82. 41 46.56 3.33 4.0 1,107.23 79.08 2.5 Entire prewn'ative period: Total 4,69.5.20 93.90 129.89 2.60 2.8 4,56.5.31 91.30 20.5 A veraKC A/U'r period. 190:j— June 21 , 97.95 89.22 93. 92 120.15 112.01 119.46 109. 39 129.64 11.5.83 3.68 3.86 4.. 58 7.00 5. 70 8. 75 5. 31 3.25 3.05 3.8 4.3 4.9 5.8 5.1 3.1 4.9 2.5 2.6 94.27 85.36 89. 34 113.15 106.91 115.71 104.05 126.39 112.78 24 25 26 2X 29 Total , 988.17 109.80 40.21 4.47 4.1 947. 96 105.33 378 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table 'L'X.X.lIl.^ Fat balances for Series F^Continued. IsTo. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Fore period. Gravis. Grams. Lost. 2.03 • 4.22 1.53 5.83 3.59 2.76 .5.19 Per cent. Grams. Grams. , 25 37. 62 49.70 57. 61 70. 05 55. 08 34.51 74.07 5.4 8.5 2.7 8.3 6.5 8.0 7.0 35.59 45.48 56.08 64.22 51.49 31. 75 68.88 26 27 28 29 30 ipotal 378. 64 54.09 25.15 3.59 6.6 353. 49 50.50 Preservative -period. First subperiod: 1903 May 2 58.08 68.02 52.69 • 43. 44 64.30 56.92 62.97 69.80 66. 32 63.43 40. 52 53. 00 3.03 3.65 3.42 2.75 1.93 3.43 2.55 2.77 . 3.25 2.94 4.91 3.63 5.2 5.4 6.5 6.3 3.9 6.0 4.0 4.0 4.9 4.6 12.1 6.8 55.05 64.37 49. 27 40.69 62.37 53.49 60.42 67.03 63.07 60.49 35.61 ■ 49. 37 0.5 3 .5 4 .5 6 .5 .5 7 .6 .5 9 .5 .5 11 .6 .5 13 .5 Total 699. 49 58.29 38.26 3.19 5.5 661. 23 « 65.10 6.0 1903 May 14 59. 79 55.62 42.28 57. 95 62.95 64.65 43.03 .57. 45 56.73 42.87 63.00 63.08 3.45 2.69 2.85 4.07 2.11 2.90 1.99 3.02 4.34 2.75 3.05 2.81 5.8 4.8 6.7 7.0 3.4 4.5 4.6 5.3 7.7 6.4 4.8 4.5 66.34 52. 93 39.43 53.88 60.84 61.76 41.04 54.43 62.39 40.12 59.95 60.27 0.5 .5 16 .5 17 .6 18 .5 .6 20 .5 .5 22 .5 23 .5 24 .5 25 .5 Total 669. 40 55.78 36.03 3.00 5.4 633. 37 52. 78 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1, 368. 89 57.04 74.29 3.10 5.4 1,294.60 53.94 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903 May 26 50.86 54.01 60.48 73.19 64.13 3.91 2.71 4.50 2.51 4.49 ■ Lost. 4.12 1.53 2.44 3.08 2.56 2.63 7.7 5.0 7.4 3.4 7.0 46.95 61.30 55. 98 70.68 69.64 0.6 27 .5 28 .6 29 .6 30 .5 31 .5 55.56 50.77 63.28 62.87 55.29 43.23 7.4 3.0 3.9 4.9 4.6 6.1 5L44 49.24 60.84 59. 79 62.73 40.60 .6 2 .6 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5' 6 .5 Total 633. 67 57.61 34.48 3.13 5.4 599. 19 54.48 6.0 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 2, 002. 56 57.22 108. 77 3.11 5.4 1, 893. 79 64. 11 18.0 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 37y T.\BLE LXXIII. — Fat balances for Serie.? T'— Continued. ISTo. 3— Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2+1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Boric acid adminis- tered. Preserratur jteriod— ContinneA. Tourth subperiod: Grams. 69.04 60.35 63.23 50.88 81.91 72.28 48.93 69. 95 52. 48 59.64 46. 82 68.09 61.89 48.07 Grams. 1.44 4. .50 3.37 3.70 4.20 1.91 3.89 4.11 2.64 5.64 4.70 6.22 1.46 7.21 Per cent. 2.1 7.5 5.3 7.3 6.1 2.6 8.0 5.9 6.0 9.5 10.0 9.1 2.4 1.5.0 Grams. 67.60 55.85 59. 86 47.18 77.71 70.37 45. 04 65.84 49.84 54. 00 42. 12 61.87 60.43 40. 86 Grams. 0.5 8 .5 9 .5 10 .5 11 . . .5 12 .5 13 .5 14 .5 15 .5 16 .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 20 .5 .5 Total Average 853. 56 60.97 .54. 99 3.93 6.4 798. 57 57. U4 7.0 Entire preservative period: Total Average 2,856.12 58.29 163. 76 3.34 5.7 2, 692. 36 .54. 95 2.5.0 After period. 1903— June 21 82. 92 .52. 19 61. 21 57.95 68. 83 75.28 49.91 109. 33 52. 50 4. .56 4. 38 3.19 7.16 6.46 4.99 4.19 6.04 2.97 5.5 8.4 5.2 12.4 9.4 6.6 8.4 5.5 5.7 78.36 47.81 58.02 50.79 62.37 70.29 45. 72 103. 29 49.53 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 Total 610. 12 67.79 43. 94 4.88 7.2 566. 18 62. 91 No. ' i. Period and date. 1 In food. o In feces. 3 In feces. (2+1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Borax ad- ministered. Fore period. 190ft— Anr 24 Grams. 109. 84 55. 08 82.64 88.74 93. .54 60.99 .57. 79 75. 67 Grams. ' 2. 74 («) 4.66 4. 19 3. 53 ; 2.85 4.45 6. 60 Per cent. 2.5 Grams. 107.10 55. 08 77. 98 84.55 90.01 58.14 53.34 69.07 Grams. 25 26 5.6 4.7 3.8 4.7 7.7 8.7 27 28 29 30 May 1 Total 624.29 78.04 29. 02 3.63 4.7 595. 27 71.41 Average Preservalive period. Firet mil)[«riob 77.76 94.18 93.91 103. 19 103.44 87. 89 108.36 4.4 4.1 2.9 3.9 3.4 6.5 74.31 90.31 91.19 99.13 99.93 82.20 108. 36 96 27 28 29 30 Total 668. 73 95. 53 23.30 3.33 3.5 645. 43 92.20 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 94.95 112. 75 89.59 95.82 113. 79 100. 90 107. 20 97.36 102. 89 98.21 83.36 89.64 4.14 4.37 3.21 2.34 4.12 6.89 («) 7.67 5.60 1.43 2.71 3.90 4.4 3.9 3.6 2.4 3.6 6.8 90.81 108.38 86.38 93.48 109.67 94.01 107.20 89.69 97.29 96.78 80.65 85. 74 0.5' 3 .l> 4 .5- 5 .5' 6 .5- .5 8 . .. .0 7.9 5.4 1.5 3.1 •4.4 .0' 10 .5 .5 12 . • .5 .5- 1,186.46 98. 87 46. 38 3.86 3.9 1,140.08 95.01 5.0 Second subperiod: 1903_Mav 14 104. 87 104.11 86.78 91.41 99.46 92. 67 83.81 94.82 106.37 81.05 100. 57 91.14 2.86 5.19 2.91 1.33 3.31 3.79 3.22 4.04 2.84 3.12 4.34 2.30 2.7 5.0 3.4 1.5 3.3 4.1 3.8 4.3 2.7 3.8 4.3 2.5 102. 01 98.92 83.87 90.08 96.15 88.88 80.62 90.78 103. 53 77.93 96.23 88.84 0.5 l-T .5 .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 .5 .5 21 .5 .5- 12. .5 24 .5 h . .5 Total . 1,137.09 94. 76 39. 25 3.27 3.5 1,097.84 91.49 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 2,323.55 96.81 85.63 3.57 3.7 2, 237. 92 93.24 11.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mav26 83.14 92.47 88.92 103. 75 67. (;9 93. 57 77. 15 86.35 101.98 97.98 83.11 81.50 2.10 (a) 6.28 6.75 1.34 2.58 4.37- 4.33 3.51 2.20 3.47 1.94 2.5 81.04 92.47 82.64 97.00 66. 35 90.99 72.78 82.02 98.47 95.78 79.64 79.56 0.5 .5 28 7.1 6.5 2.0 2.8 5.7 5.6 3.4 2.2 4.1 2.4 .5 .5 30 .5 31 .5 June 1 .5 .5 3 .5 .5 5 .h 6 .6 Total 1,057.61 88. 13 38.87 3.22 3.7 1, 018. 74 84.90 6.0 a So movement. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 38S Table LXXIII. — Fat balances for Series F^Continueil. IN"©. 6 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Borax ad- ministered. Preservative period— Continued. Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total Grams. 3,381.16 93.92 Grams. 124.50 3.46 Per cent. 3.7 Grams. 3, 256. 66 ■ 90. 46 Grams. 17.0 Fourth subperiod : 1903 — June 7 98.01 90.74 102.10 92. 69 105. 66 95. 07 67.57 109. 15 80. 26 87.28 79.18 97. 22 4.19 4.35 4. 38 1..50 2.74 3.63 3.71 7.22 4.57 4.65 («) 12. 02 («) Lost. 4.3 3.7 4.3 1.6 2 6 3.7 -3.8 6.6 5.7 5.3 93. 82 86.39 97. 72 91.19 102. 92 91.44 63.86 101. 93 75.69 82.73 79.18 85.20 0.5 8 . .... 5 9 .5 10 .5 ii: 12 13 14 .5 .0 .0 .0 15 .0 16 .0 17 .0 18 12.5 .0 i9 .0 20 .0 I'Otal 1,105.03 92. 09 52. 96 4.41 4.8 1,052.07 88.58 2.5 Entire preservative period: Total 4,486.19 93,46 177.46 3.70 4.0 4, 308. 73 89.77 19.5 After period. 1903_June 21 104.87 92.26 75.71 97.29- 106. 84 97.42 78.95 126. .59 90.87 3.92 7.62 5.01 7. 68 n.72 9.87 3.47 («) 3.7 8.3 6.6 7.9 100. 95 84.64 70.70 89.61 106.84 95.70 69.08 123. 12 90.87 22 23 24 25 . . .... 26 1.8 12.5 2.7 27 28 29 Total 870. 80 96.76 39. 29 4.37 4.5 831.51 92.39 .\ verage a No movement. 384 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERVATIVES ON" HEALTH. Table LXXIV. — Summary of fat balances for Series V. Three ixien. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Preserva- tive admin- istered. Fore period. Orams. 850.00 378.64 1,033.26 Grams. 26.42 25.15 25.19 Per cent. 3.1 6.6 2.4 Orams. 823. 58 353. 49 1,008.07 Oravis. No 3 No 5 Xotal 2,261.90 102.81 76.76 3.49 3.4 2, 185. 14 99.32 Preservative "period. First subperiod: No. 1 1,-507.11 699. 49 1, 587. 15 57.50 38.26 45.61 3.8 5.5 2.9 1, 449. 61 661.23 1,541.54 6.0 No 3 6.0 No. 5 6.0 Total 3, 793. 75 105.38 141.37 3.93 3.7 3,652.38 101.45 18.0 Second subperiod: No. 1 1, 496. 53 669. 40 1,194.12 52.94 36.03 39.53 3.5 5.4 3.1 1,443.59 633. 37 1, 154. 59 6.0 No. 3 6.0 6.0 3, 360. 05 96.00 128.50 3.67 3.8 3, 231. 55 92.33 18.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total .. . 7,153.80 100. 76 269.87 3.80 3.8 6, 883. 93 96.96 36.0 Third subperiod: 1, 332. 46 633. 67 1,165.74 52.47 34.48 35.49 3.9 5.4 3.0 1,279.99 599. 19 1,130.25 6.0 No. 3 6.0 No. 5 5.5 Total 3, 131. 87 92.11 122. 44 3.60 3.9 3, 009. 43 88.51 17.5 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 10, 285. 67 97.96 392.31 3.74 3.8 9,893.36 94.22 53.5 Fourth subperiod: 1,773.96 853. 56 1,392.41 70.20 64.99 61.12 4.0 6.4 4.3 1,703.76 798.57 1,331.29 7.0 No. 3 7.0 7.0 Total 4,019.93 95.71 186. 31 4.44 4.6 3, 833. 62 91.27 21.0 Entire preservative period: 14, 305. 60 97. 32 578. 62 3.94 4.0 13, 726. 98 93.38 74.5 After period. No 1 1,028.50 610. 12 1,113.54 59.07 43. 94 44.67 5.7 7.2 4.1 969. 43 566. 18 1,068.87 No 3 2, 752. 16 105.85 147. 68 5.68 5.4 2, 604. 48 100. 17 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 385 Table LXXIV. — Summary of fat balances for Series V — Continued. Five inen. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces. (2+1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Preserva- tive admin- istered. Fore period. Xo. 1 Grams. 8.50.00 683. 06 378. 64 1, 033. 26 668. 73 Orams. 26.42 14.19 25.15 25. 19 23.30 Per cent. 3.1 2.1 6.6 2.4 3.5 Grams. 823. 58 668. 87 353. 49 1, 008. 07 645. 43 Grams. No. 2 No. 3 No. 5 No. 6 Total 3, 613. 69 103. 25 114. 25 3.26 3.2 3, 499. 44 99.99 Average Prrgervative period. First subperiod: No. 1 1,507.11 1,346.61 699. 49 1,587.15 1,186.46 57.50 25.92 38.26 45.61 46.38 3.8 1.9 5.5 2.9 3.9 1,449.61 1,320.69 661.23 1,. 541.. 54 1,140.08 6 No. 2 6 No. 3 6.0 No. 5 6 No. 6 5.0 Total 6, 326. 82 105. 45 213. 67 3.56 3.4 6, 113. 15 101.89 29 Average Second subperiod: No. 1 1,496. .53 1,19.5.58 669. 40 1,194.12 1,137.09 52.94 25. 5(; 36.03 39.53 39.25 3.5 2.1 5.4 3.1 3.5 1,443. .59 1,170.02 633. 37 1,154.69 1,097.84 6 6 No.3 6 6 No. 6 6.0 Total 5, 692. 72 96.49 193. 31 3.28 3.4 5, 499. 41 93.21 30.0 Average Snbperiods 1 and 2: Total 12,019.54 101. 00 406. P8 3.42 3.4 11,612.56 97.58 69.0 Average Third subperiod: No. 1 1,332.46 999. 22 633. 67 1,16.5.74 1,0.57.61 52.47 31. 85 34.48 35. 49 38.87 3.9 3.2 6.4 3.0 3.7 1,279.99 967.37 699. 19 1,130.25 1,018.74 6 No. 2 6.0 No 3 6 No. 5 6 5 No. 6 6 Total 5, 188. 70 89.46 193. 16 3.33 3.7 4, 995. 54 86.13 29.6 A verage Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 17,208.24 97.22 600. 14 3.39 3.5 16,608.10 93.83 88.5 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 26 386 IJSTFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTK, Table LXXIV. — Summary of fai balances for Series F^Continusd„ Six iTien. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. o In feces. (2^1) 4 Balance. (1-2) 5 Preserva- tive admin- istered. Fore period. No. 1 Grams. 850. 00 683. 06 378. 64 624. 29 1,033.26 668. 73 Grams. 26.42 14.19 25. 15 29. 02 25.19 23.30 Per cent. 3.1 2.1 6.6 4.7 2.4 3.5 Grams. 823.58 668.87 353. 49 695. 27 1,008.07 646. 43 Gra.no.. No. 2 No. 3 No . 4 No. 5 No. 6. ■- . . Total 4, 237. 98 98.56 143, 27 3.33 3.4 4,094.71 95.23 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: Nol No.2 No.3 No. 4 1,507.11 1,346.61 699. 49 852. 70 1,687.15 1,186.46 57.60 25.92 38.26 38.37 45. 61 46.38 3.8 1.9 6.5 4.5 2.9 3.9 1, 449. 61 1,320.69 681.23 814. 33 1,541.54 1,140.08 6.0 6.0 6.0 6 No. 5 6 No. 6 5 7,179.52 99.72 252. 04 3.50 3.5 6, 927. 48 96.22 36 Average Second subperiod: No. 1 1,496.53 1,195.68 669. 40 815. 68 1, 194. 12 1, 137. 09 52.94 25.56 36.03 36.00 39.53 39.25 3.5 2.1 5.4 4.4 3.1 3.6 1,443.69 1,170.02 633.37 779.68 1,154.59 1, 097. 84 6 No. 2 6 No.3 6 No. 4 6 No. 5 6 No. 6 6 Total 6, 508. 40 91.67 229. 31 3.23 3.5 6,279.09 88,44 36 Avefage Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 13,687.92 95.72 481. 35 3.37 3.5 13, 206. 57 92.35 71.0 Average Table LXXV. — General summary of fat balances. Period and series. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In feces. (2-1) 4 Balance. (1-2) Tore period: Series II « Grams. 2, 079. 66 3,830.20 2, 719. 86 2, 261. 90 Grams. 94.90 194. 47 90.42 76.76 Per cent. 4.6 5.1 3.3 3.4 Grams. 1 984 75 Ill 3, 635. 73 2 629 44 IV V 2, 185. 14 Total 8,811.96 111. 54 361. 65 4.58 4.1 8,450.31 106 96 Average Preservative period: Series II n 3, 060. 61 5,391.48 6,241.77 14, 305. 60 183. 07 228. 19 239.87 578.62 6.0 4.2 3.8 4.0 2 877 54 Ill 5 163 29 IV 6,001.90 13 726 °8 V Total 25, 938. 86 104. 59 1,046.68 4.22 4.0 24,892.17 100.37 Average After period: Series Ila Ill 2, 924. 84 2,404.81 2, 752. 16 106. 88 86.21 147.68 3.7 3.6 5.4 2 817 96 IV... 2, 318. 60 2,604.48 V Total 8,081.81 106. 34 340.77 4.48 4.2 7,741.04 101 86 Average a Series II not included in total; all members ill in after period. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 387 CALORIES TABIiES. Table LXXVI. — Calories balances for Series 11. 'No. V. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In fece.s. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. Iy03 — Jan. 21 <' Calorief. 2,955 Calories. Calories. 85.8 72.6 97.4 8.5.6 88.8 68.9 7.5.7 Calories. Per ct. Per rt. 2.9 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.2 Per ct. Oilories. Grams. 3,144 3,489 3,351 3,-525 3,305 3,436 23 24 2.5 26 27 Total Average 23,205 1,070.5 3,315 1 152.9 574.8 82.1 1,645.3 23.5.0 4.6 2.5 7.1 21, .559. 7 3, 080. Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Jan. 28. 3,498 3, .596 2, 916 2,933 81.6 .59.4 69.0 82.4 2.3 1 29 1.7 2.4 2.8 1.0 30 1 31 1.0 Total Average 12,943 879.8 3,236 1 219.9 292. 4 73.1 1,172.2 293.0 6.8 2.3 9.1 11,770.8 2, 943. 4.0 Second .swbperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 3,644 3,139 1 3,399 3,:i46 1 67.5 77.8 64.8 73.1 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.2 1 2.0 9 2.0 3 2.0 4 2.0 Total Average 13, .528 3,382 596.7 149.2 283:2 70.8 879.9 22X0 4.4 2.1 6.5 12,648.1 3, 162. 8.0 Third subperiofl: 1903— Feb. .t 3,288 3,274 3,604 3,325 67.1 73.9 88.1 7.5.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 3.0 G 3.0 3.0 h 3.0 Total 13,491 1 707.2 3,375 1 176.8 304.5 76.1 1,011.7 2.52. 9 5.2 2.3 7.5- 12,479.3 3,122.1 12.0 .~iibperio 12. Average | 3,627 (3,700) 179. -6 255.4 3 371 6 (78.7) Second subperiod: No.7 No. 10 No. 12 13,528 15, 873 12,862 596. 7 868.5 441.7 283.2 363.0 313.4 879.9 1,231.5 755. 1 4.4 5.5 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 6.5 12,648.1 8.0 7.8 j 14,641.5 8.0 5.9 ! 12,106.9 8.0 Tf>tal 42,263 3, 522 1,906.9 158.9 959.6 80.0 2, 866. 5 238. 9 4.5 2.3 6.8 39 S9fi ."S 24.0 Average 3, 283. 1 Third subperiod: No." 13.491 15,974 7,333 707.2 571.0 40C.0 304.5 369.5 277.9 1,011.7 940.5 683.9 .5.2 3.6 5.5 2.3 2.3 3.8 7.5 12 479 Jl 12 No. 10 5.9 9.3 15,033.5 6,649.1 12.0 iJo.l2 3.0 Total 36,798 3,066 1,684.2 ■ 140.4 951.9 79.3 2,636.1 219.7 4.6 2.6 7.2 34,161.9 2, 846. 3 27 Average Subperiods 1 ,2,and 3; 78,531 I 3-702.5 5,420.1 4.7 "(2.'2) 6.9 73,110.9 j- 36.0 (86,6<11) 3,570 (3,611) (1,903.7) ) 168.3 24fi. 4 3, 323. 6 ^ (79.3) 892 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXVIII. — Calories balances for Series III. IsTo. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 Calories. 3,039 3,234 2,759 3,106 2,870 2,795 3,055 2,614 2,943 Calories. 212.02 167. 95 106. 97 152. 79 127. 03 139.21 87.64 158. 86 261.59 Calories. 92.9 10.5.2 91.2 90.9 91.2 98.9 95.0 100.2 98.1 Calories. 304.92 273. 15 198. 17 243. 69 218. 23 238. 11 182. 64 259. 06 359. 69 Per ct. 7.0 5.2 3.9 4.9 4.4 5.0 2.9 6.1 8.9 Per ct. 3.0 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.8 3.3 Per ct. 10.0 8.4 7.2 7.8 7.6 8.5 6.0 9.9 12.2 Calories. 2, 734. 08 2, 960. 85 2,-560.83 2, 862. 31 2, 651. 77 2,656.89 2, 872. 36 2, 354. 94 2,583.31 Gra7ns. 20 21 : 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 26,415 2,935 1,414.06 357.12 863. 60 95.95 2,277.66 253. 07 5.3 3.3 8.6 24, 137. 34 2,681.93 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 2,939 3, 053 3,002 2,925 68.51 284. 80 174.91 148. 79 102.0 103.2 96.0 96.3 170. 51 388. 00 270. 91 245. 09 2.3 9.3 5.8 5.1 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 5.8 12.7 9.0 8.4 2, 768. 49 2, 665. 00 2, 731. 09 2,679.91 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 11,919 2,979 677. 01 169. 25 397. 50 99.38 1,074.51 268. 63 5.6 3.4 9.0 10, 844. 49 2, 710. 37 4 Average Second .subperiod; 1903— Mar. 4 5 6 7 3,197 2,740 3,011 2,967 119.22 188. 22 170. 94 97.23 100.5 90.3 90.2 86.6 219.72 278. 52 261. 14 183. 83 3.7 6.9 5.7 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9 6.9 10.2 8.7 6.2 2, 977. 28 2,461.48 2, 749. 86 2, 788. 17 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 Total Average 11,915 2,979 575. 61 143. 90 367.6 91.9 943.21 235. 80 4.8 3.1 7.9 10, 971. 79 2, 743. 20 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar.8 9 10 11 2,413 3,017 3,037 2,218 113. 29 101.22 156. 10 40. 26 89.8 85.8 89.0 89.0 203. 09 187. 02 245. 10 129. 26 3.7 3.4 5.1 1.8 . 4.7 2.8 3.0 4.0 8.4 6.2 8.1 5.8 2, 209. 91 2, 829. 98 2, 791. 90 2, 088. 74 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 Total 10,685 2,671 410.87 102. 72 353.6 88.4 764. 47 191. 12 3.8 3.4 7.2 9, 920. 53 2,479.88 10 Average Entire preservative period: Total Average 34, 519 2,877 1,663.49 138.62 1,118.70 93.23 2, 782. 19 231. 85 3.2 4.8 8.0 31,736.81 2, 645. 15 26.0 After period. 1903— Mar.l2 2,217 3,008 3,056 2,723 2,979 2,799 3,239 2,940 135. 32 123. 64 156.15 112. 60 86.01 143. 24 163. 86 115.70 92.2 96.3 103.4 95.8 90.8 93.2 89.5 81.7 227. 52 219. 94 269. 55 208.40 176.81 236. 44 253. 36 .97.40 6.1 4.1 5.1 4.2 2.9 6.1 5.0 3.9 4.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.8 10.3 7.3 8.6 7.7 5.9 8.4 7.8 6.7 1,989.48 2, 788. 06 2, 796. 45 2, 614. 60 2, 802. 19 2, 562. 56 2,986.64 2, 742. 60 13. . .. 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 22, 961 2,870 1,036.52 129. 56 742. 90 92.86 1, 779. 42 222.42 4.5 3.2 7.7 21,181.58 2, 647. 58 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 39a Table LX.XYUI.— Calories balances for Series ///—Continued. ]sro. 3. Period and date. 1 In "food. I 2 n feces. 3 4 In feces In and urine, urine. (2+3) 5 1 In feces. (2^1) 6 7 ,„ In feces In and (3-1) (4H-1) 1- 8 9 Boric- Balance, acid (1—4) admin- istered.. Fore period. j903^reb 19 Calories. 3,071 3,481 3,154 3,310 3,290 3,150 3,256 2,675 3,410 Calories. ( 161. 34 131.26 95.02 149. 73 118. 09 65.63 113. 33 157. 46 140. 53 ':!alories. C 81.7 82.8 80.5 83.0 86.9 89.7 86.1 87.7 90.5 1 ?atorjes. 243. 04 214.06 175. 52 232. 73 204. 99 155. 33 199. 43 245. 16 231. 03 Perct. 5.2 3.7 3.0 4.5 3.6 2.1 3.5 5.9 4.1 Per ct. 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.6 3.3 2.7 Per ct. 7.9 6.1 5.6 7.0 6.2 4.9 6.1 9.2 6.8 Calories. 2.827.96 . 3,266.94 . 2,978.48 . 3,077.27 . 3,085.01 . 2,994.67 . 3,0.56.57 . 2,429.84 3. 178. 97 Grams. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2" Total 1 Average 1 28,797 1,132.39 3,200 125.82 768.9 1 85.4 , 901. 29 211.25 3.9 2.7 0.6 1 26,895.71 1 2,988.75 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 i 3,387 3, 181 3,377 3,721 150. 62 126. 19 117.96 106.69 89.1 90.3 93.2 82.8 239.72 216. 49 211.16 189. 49 4.5 4.0 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.2 7.1 6.8 6.3 5.1 3,147.28 2, 964. 51 3,165.84 3,531.61 1.0' 1.0' 1.0 1.0 Total 13,666 3,416 3,285 1,911 1,937 2,131 501.46 125.36 355. 4 856. 86 88.8 214.22 3.7 2.6 6.3 12,809.14 3,201.78 4.0 Pecond subperiod: 1903— Mar.4 5 6 97.66 38.19 («) C) 88.5 75.0 68.8 79.2 186. 16 113.19 68.80 79. 20 3.0 2.0 2.7 3.9 3.6 3.7 5.7 5.9 3.6 3.7 3,098.84 1, 797. 81 1,868.20 2,051.80 4.0 2.O. .0 1.0 Total Average 9,2t^l 2,316 135.85 33.96 311.5 77.9 447. 35 111. 84 1.5 3.3 4.8 j 8,816.65 1 7.0' 2,204.16 1 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 1,469 1,837 2,316 3,259 114.92 116.11 66. 26 78.16 78.2 79.6 81.4 82.6 193. 12 195. 71 147.66 160. 76 7.8 6.3 2.9 2.4 5.3 4.4 3.5 2.5 13.1 10.7 6.4 4.9 1, 275. 88 1,641.29 2, 168. 34 3,098.24 .0 .0' .0 .0' Total Average 8,881 2,220 375.45 321.8 93.86 ' 80.4 697. 25 174.31 4.3 3.6 7.9 8, 183. 75 2, 045. 69 .0' Entire preservative periofl: Total Average ' 31,811 1 2, 651 1,012.76 84.40 988.7 82.4 2,001.46 166. 79 3.2 3.1 6.3 29, 809. 54 2,484.21 11.0 After period. 1903— Mar. 12 13 14 15 3, 2.59 2,924 3,432 3,179 3,699 3,466 i 3,5.58 .| 3,827 141.45 104.12 133. 10 98. 85 147.23 148.18 123.07 59.58 86.2 82. H 86.1 73.1 80.1 79.5 70.6 71.6 227. 65 186. 92 219.20 171.95 227. 33 227. 68 193. 67 131.18 4.3 3.6 3.9 3.1 4.1 4.3 3.4 1.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9 7.0 6.4 6.4 .5.4 6.3 6.6 5.4 3.4 3,031.35 2,737.08 3,212.80 3,007.05 3,371.67 3, 238. 32 3,364.33 3, 695. 82 16 17 18 19 Total Average .i 27,241 .1 3,406 955.58 630.0 1.58.5. .58 198.20 3.5 2. a 5.8 25.658.42 . 3,207.30 i 1 a No movement. 394 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXVIII. — Calories balances for Series III — Continued. ISTo. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- min- is- tered. Fore pei-iod. 1903— Feb. 19 Calories. 2,859 2,732 [2, 846] 3,102 3,060 2,858 3,105 2,828 2,822 Calories. 173. 28 66.31 [110.08] 129. 26 183.00 56.37 109. 55 135.52 94.43 Calories. 63.6 72.3 Lost. 82.1 93.5 74.7 82.1 79.0 67.1 Calories. 236.88 138.61 Per at. 6.1 2.4 4.2 6.0 2.0 3.5 4.8 3.3 Per ct. 2.2 2.7 Per ct. 8.3 5.1 Calories. 2, 622. 12 2, 593. 39 Grams. 20 21 22 211. 36 276. 50 131.07 191. 65 214. .52 161.53 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.4 6.8 9.0 4.6 6.2 7.6 6.7 2,890.64 2, 783. 50 2,726.93 2,913.35 2,613.48 2, 660. 47 23 24 •25 26 27 Total ..| Average } 23, 366 [26,212] 2,921 [2, 912] 614.4 1,562.12 ■"■i4."6i 2.6 6.7 21,803.88 [1, 057. 80] 76.8 195. 26 2, 725. 74 m7.531 ' Preservative period. JFirst subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1. 2 2,952 2, 933 (2,981) 2,995 78.87 109.83 Lost. 101.90 69.8 76.1 (66.8) 72.9 148.67 185. 93 2.7 3.7 2.3 2.6 5.0 6.3 2,803.33 2, 747. 07 LO 1.0 1 3 174. 80 3.4 5.8 2,820.20 1.0 Total 1 8,880 290. 60 (285."6)' ■(7i:4)' 509.40 3.3 ""(2.4) 5.7 8, 370. 60 ]■ 4.0 f ' '2'9fin' 96.87 169.80 2,790.20 Average < (2, 965) Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 5 6 7 3, 160 3,002 2,666 2,719 143. 90 38.30 157. 20 106. 97 71.8 30.3 64.1 58.3 215. 70 68.60 221.30 165. 27 4.5 1.3 5.9 3.9 2.3 1.0 2.4 2.2 6.8 2.3 8.3 6.1 2,944.30 2,933.40 2, 444. 70 2,563.73- 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 Total Average n,547 2,887 446.37 111.59 224.5 56.13 670.87 167. 72 3.9 1.9 5.8 10,876.13 2, 719. 28 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 2,641 2,406 2, 377 2, 181 55.09 169. 85 70.33 43.56 92.6 60.2 64.2 57.1 147. 69 230. 05 134. 53 100. 66 2.1 7.1 3.0 2.0 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 5.6 9.6 5.7 4.6 2, 493. 31 2, 175. 95 2, 242. 47 2,080.34 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 Total Average Entire preservative period: Total 1 9, 605 2,401 338. 83 84.71 274.1 68.52 612. 93 153. 23 3.5 2.9 6.4 8,992.07 2, 247. 77 11.0 f 30,032 (33,013) 2,730 (2,751) ],075.80 (784.'2)' '(65." 35) 1, 793. 20 3.6 ■■■(2."4) 6.0 28,238.80 1 27.0 Average | 97.80 163. 02 2, 566. 98 After period. 1903— Mar. 12 2,355 2,851 2,473 2,534 2,947 (2,923) 2, 739 2,685 142. 78 63.55 132.13 57.44 218. 21 Lost. 127. 50 138.01 52.9 72.0 70.0 73.6 65.9 (56.7) 62.1 61.1 195. 68 135. 55 202. 13 131.04 284.11 6.1 2.3 5.4 2.3 7.4 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 8.3 4.8 8.2 6.2 9.6 2,159.32 2,716.45 2, 270. 87 2,402.96 2,662.89 13 14 15 16 17 18 189. 60 199. 11 4.7 5.1 6.9 7.4 2, 549. 40 2,485.89 19 Total 1 18, 584 (21,507) 2, 655 (2, 688) 879. 62 (5i4."3)' '(64." 29) 1, 337. 22 4.7 ""(2.'4) 7.2 17,246.78 Average i 125. 66 191. 03 2, 463. 97 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 395 Table J.XX\1U.— Calories balances for Series //J— Continued. No. 4. Period ami datf. 1 2 In food. In feces. Foreperio'l. i Calorieg. Calories. 1903— Feb. 19 Absent 2,924 2,801 I (2,611) 3,142 2,889 j 3,441 1 2,766 ' 2,994 i 116.49 66. 92 («) 64.30 12.5. 47 130. 29 142. 28 98. 42 a In urine. 4 In fece.s and urine. 1 (2+3) Calories} Calories. Total. Average . f 20,957 i 744.17 ■\ (23,56«) ( 2,994 I 106.31 ■\ (2,946) 66.3 64.4 ((6.6) 99.2 85.2 76.6 94.1 70.8 182. 79 131.32 163,56 210. 67 206. 89 236. 38 169. 22 In feces. (2-1) In urine. (3+1) In feces ] and . urine. I (4-1) Per cl. 1 Per cl. 4.0 2.4 i'o' 4.3 3.8 5.1 3.3 2.3 2.3 (2.6) 3.2 3.0 2.2 3.4 2.4 Per ct. 6.3 4.7 Balance. (1-4) Calories. 2,741.21 2,669.68 5.2 7.3 6.0 8.5 2, 978. 50 2, 678. 33 3,234.11 2, 529. 62 2, 824. 78 |l, 300.77 I 3.6 6.2 (623.2) ' (2.6): 185.82 I • (77.9)' 1 1 Preservative prriod. First subperiml: 1903— Feb. 2>* . Mar. 1 2,676 3,042 2,988 3, 541 116.34 210. 10 102. 02 157.19 Total . . . . Average . 12, 247 3, 062 585. 65 146.41 Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 5 ... 6 . . . . 3,049 2,778 2, 359 2,160 110.58 145. 34 79.74 123. 21 Total Average . . . Third subperio<^l: 1903— Mar. « . . 9 .. 10 .. 11 .. 10,346 2,586 4.58. 87 114.72 2,296 2,017 2, 373 1,223 102.82 78.95 131. 36 122.18 Total ... Average 7,909 1,977 43'). 31 108. 83 Entire preservative periofJ: Total Average 30, .502 1,479.83 2, 542 123. 32 89.4 79.5 94.3 90.9 205. 74 289.60 196. 32 248. 09 4.4 6.9 3.4 4.4 3.3 2.6 3.2 2.6 354.1 939.75 88.5 234.94 L 80.3 37.8 72.0 68.8 258.9 64.7 190. 88 183. 14 151.74 192. 01 3.6 5.2 0.4 5.7 2.6 1.4 3.0 3.2 717.77 179.44 2.5 62.9 64.7 72.0 59.7 259.3 64.8 872. 3 72.6 165. 72 143. 65 203. 36 181.88 4.5 3.9 5.5 10.0 694.61 173. 65 2,352.13 196.01 After jierio'l. 19C8— Mar. (1,984). (2,164) 2,642 2,103 12, 588] 2,547 I 2,6.52 Lost. Lost. • ('') 138. 28 [112.68] 77.70 96.99 Total Average . 9,94J i (14,0921 tl2,532Ji 2,4H« ; (2.349) (2,506)1 [425. 65] [85.181 5.5 2.7 3.2 3.1 4.9 2.8 (55.2 (.56. 6) 55. 9 59.1 Lf)st. 62. 6 69.9 (3.59.3) (69.9) .55. 90 197.38 140.30 166.89 6.6 [4.4] 8.0 3.7 560.47 [3.4] 7.7 9.5 6.6 7.0 6.3 6.6 6.4 8.9 7.1 8.6 14.9 18, 656. 23 2,808.03 2, 470. 26 2, 752. 40 2,791.68 3, 292. 91 11,307.25 2, 827. 06 2,858.12 2,594.86 2,207.26 1,967.99 9, 628. 23 2, 407. 06 2,130.28 1,873.35 2,169.64 1,041.12 7,214.39 1,803.35 2.8) (2.6) 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 (2.6) 2.1 9.4 5.5 6.3 6.6 28, 149. 87 2, 345. 82 3, 586. 10 1,90.5.62 2, Am. 70 2,48.5.11 9, 383. 53 2, .34.5. 88 a Diwarded. bNo movement. 396 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXVIII. — Calories balances for Series III — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) - 5 In feces. (2-^1) In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903_Feb. 19 Calories. 3,176 3,506 3,482 3,694 3,224 3,396 3,717 3,044 3,506 Calories. 85.12 43.84 71.89 320. 99 174. 26 68.05 116.72 254. 59 43.75 Calories. 79.7 90.9 99.3 88.1 86.3 101.1 96.6 103.4 96.0 Calories. 164. 82 134. 74 171. 19 409. 09 260. 56 169. 15 213. 32 357. 99 139. 75 Per ct. 2.7 1.2 2.1 8.7 5.4 2.0 4.3 8.4 1.3 Per ct. 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.6 3.4 2.7 Per ct. 5.2 3.8 4.9 11.1 8.1 5.0 7.9 11.8 4.0 Calories. 3,011.18 3,371.26 3, 310. 81 3, 284. SI 2, 963. 44 3, 226. 85 3, 503. 68 2, 686. 01 3, 366. 25 Grams. 20. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 30, 745 3,416 1,179.21 131. 02 841.4 93.49 2, 020. 61 224. 51 3.8 2.8 6.6 28, 724. 39 3,191.49 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 3,557 3,808 3,831 3,533 214. 81 16.70 158. 79 241. 90 93.4 95.6 94.1 101.0 308. 21 112. 30 252. 89 342.90 6.1 .4 4.1 6.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8 8.7 2.9 6.6 9.7 3, 248. 79 3, 695. 70 3,578.11 3,190.10 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 14, 729 3,682 632. 20 158. 05 384.1 96.02 1,016.30 254. 07 4.3 2.6 6.9 13, 712. 70 3, 427. 93 4.0 Average Second subperiou: 1903— Mar. 4 5 6 7 3,752 3, 695 3,542 3,085 136. 22 95.07 220. 29 127. 09 100.0 93.2 • 83.2 85.2 236. 22 188. 27 303. 49 212. 29 3.6 2.6 6.2 4.1 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.8 6.3 5.1 8.6 6.9 3, 516. 78 3, 606. 73 3, 238. 51 2,872.71 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 Total 14, 074 3,518 578. 67 144. 67 361.6 940.27 90.4 1 235.07 4.1 2.6 6.7 13,133.73 3, 282. 93 12 Average ... Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 2, 831 2,887 2,303 2,138 112. 51 29. 49 64.34 26.32 80.3 81.3 79.7 77.2 192. 81 110.79 144. 04 102. 52 4.0 1.0 2.8 1.2 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.6 6.8 3.8 6.3 4.8 2,638.19 2, 776. 21 2, 158. 96 2, 035. 48 3.0 3.0 2.2 3.0 Total 10,159 2, 640 231. 66 57.92 318. 50 79. 62 550. 16 137. 54 2.3 3.1 5.4 9, 608. 84 2, 402. 46 11 2 Average Entire preservative period: Total 38, 962 3,247 1, 442. 53 120. 21 1,064.20 88.68 2,606.73 208.89 3.7 2.7 6.4 36, 455. 27 3, 038. 11 27 2 Average After period. 1903— Mar.l2 2,358 2,954 3,620 3,510 3,731 3,635 3,987 3,734 208. 08 130. 19 173. 53 («) 116.32 182. 87 35.00 130. 34 86.7 84.1 97.2 90.2 87.9 93.0 89.5 89.0 294. 78 214. 29 270.73 90.20 204. 22 275. 87 124. 50 219. 34 8.8 4.4 4.8 "'"s.'i" 5.0 .9 8.5 3.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.4 12.6 7.3 7.5 2.6 5.5 7.6 3.1 5.9 2,063.22 2, 739. 71 3, 349. 27 3,419.80 3, 526. 78 3,359.13 8, 862. 50 3,514.66 13 14 15 16... 17 18 19 Total 27, 529 3,441 976. 33 122.04 717.6 89.7 1,693.93 211. 74 3.6 2.6 6.2 25, 835. 07 3, 229. 26 Average ".No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 897 T.\BLE LXXVIII. — Calories balances for Series III — Continued. ISTo. G. 1 Period and date. ^ , In food. 1 •2 3 In feces. J-^^ 4 In feces and urine. (2^3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) T In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid admin- istered. Fore period. iyO-j_Feb.l9 Calories. 2,438 2, 423 2,493 2,361 2,786 Calories. Calories. (a) i 48.7 Calories. 48.70 117. 97 371.30 195. 59 68. .50 163. 13 189. 37 219. 69 76. 20 Per ct. ""i'.s 12.4 5.9 ""3.'2' 3.9 5.2 Per ct. 2.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 Per ct. 2.0 4.9 14.8 8.3 2.5 5.6 6.6 8.0 2.8 Calories. 2,389.30 2, 305. 03 2,121.70 2, 165. 41 2,717.50 2, 733. 87 2, 671. 03 2, 527. 31 2, 603. 80 Grams. 20 21 22 23 56. 27 309. 50 139. 89 («) 92. 93 111.87 143. 39 («) 61.7 61.8 55. 7 68.5 70.2 77.5 76.3 76.2 24 2,897 2,861 2, 747 2,680 23. 686 2, 632 25 26 0- Total Average 853. 85 94.87 596.6 66.3 1,4.50.45 161.16 3.6 2.5 6.1 22,235.55 2, 470. 62 Preserrative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 1. 922 1,703 2, 221 3, 192 192. 79 218.99 163. 98 81.80 76.4 73.8 63.8 85.7 269. 19 292. 79 227. 78 167.50 10.0 12.9 7.4 2.5 4.0 4.3 2.9 2.7 14.0 17.2 10.3 5.2 1,652.81 1,410.21 1,993.22 3,024.50 1.0 .0 .0 .0 Total 9.038 2, 259 657. 56 164. 39 299.7 74.9 957. 26 239. 32 7.3 3.3 10.6 8, 080. 74 2,020.19 1 Average Second subperiod : 1903— Mar. 4 5 6 7 2, 585 2, 550 2,719 2, 986 144.21 240. 55 194. 32 182. 94 86.7 79.6 69.3 84.5 230. 91 320. 15 263. 62 267. 44 5.6 9.4 7.2 6.2 3.5 3.2 2.5 2.8 8.9 12.6 9.7 9.0 2, 354. 09 2,229.85 2, 4.55. 38 2, 718. 56 .0 .0 1.0 2.0 Total 10,840 2,710 762. 02 190.50 320.1 80.0 1,082.12 270. 53 7.0 3.0 10.0 9,757.88 1 3.0 Average 2,439.47 ! Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 2,748 2,497 2, 621 2, .568 186. .58 134.61 («) 158. 56 58.6 69.7 69.8 68.6 245. 18 204. 31 69.80 227. 16 6.8 5.4 ■'■'6."2' 2.1 2.8 2.7 Q.6 8.9 2,502.82 8.2 2,292.69 2.7 i 2,551.20 8.8 2,340.84 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Total 10,434 1 479.75 2,608 1 119.92 266.7 66.7 746. 45 186. 61 4.6 2.5 7.2 9 687 55 l'.^" Average 2,421.89 Kntire preservative period: Total 30,312 2, 526 1,899.33 158. 28 886. 5 73.8 2, 785. 83 232. 15 6.3 2.9 9.2 i 27. .526. 17 16.0 Average 2,293.85 After period. 1903— Mar. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2,622 2. 472 2, >W, 2,819 2.H?- 3,017 2, 735 (2.712) 175.75 157. 33 64.27 133.16 145. 40 152.80 2.52. 70 Lost. 80.9 75.0 80.6 84.6 66.3 72.7 70.9 (7-.. 7) 2.56. 65 232. 33 144.87 217.66 211.70 225. 50 323. 60 6.7 6.4 2.3 4.7 5.1 5.1 9.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.6 (2.6) 9.8 9.4 5.2 7.7 7.5 7.5 11.8 2, 365. 35 2, 239. 67 2,661.13 2,601.34 2,61.5.:i0 2,791.50 2,411.10 • Total { 19.298 (22,010) 2,7.57 (2,751) 1,081.41 '(662.'6) ■■(75:3) 1,612.31 6.6 ■■■(2.'7) 8.4 17,685.69 Average | 154.49 230. 33 2,626.67 a No movement. 398 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXIX. — Summary of calories balances for Series III. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-Hl) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric aCid ad- minis- tered.. Fore period. No. 1 Calories. 26,415 23, 366 [26,212] 20, 957 (23,568) 30, 745 Calories. 1,414.06 Calories. 863. 60 614. 40 Calorics. 2,211. m 1, 562. 12 Per ct. 6.3 ""■[4." 6] 3.6 Per ct. 3.3 2.6 Perct. 8.6 6.7 Calories. 24, 137. 34 21,803.88 Gh-ams. No.3 { No.4 1 No. 5 [1, 057. 80] 744. 17 1, 300. 77 '"(2.'6) 2.8 6.2 19,656.23 (623. 20) 841. 40 1,179.21 2, 020. 61 3.8 6.6 28,724.39 f 101, 483 (104, 094 [104,329] 3,075 (3,062) [3 069] 7, 161. 16 i 7.1 94,321.84 Total \ (2,942.60) (2.8) [4, 395. 24] [4.2] 217. 00 2,858.00 Average \ (86.55) riM W1 :::::::::;: Preservative period. First subperiod: No.l XT O f 11,919 8,880 (11,861) 12, 247 14,729 677. 01 290. 60 397. 50 1, 074. 51 509.40 5.6 3.3 . 3.4 ■■(2."4) 2.9 2.6 9.0 5.7 10, 844. 49 8,370.60 4.0' } 4.0 4.0 4.0 No. 3 < No.4 No.5 (285. 60) 3.54. 10 384. 10 .685.65 632. 20 939. 75 1,016.30 4.8 4.3 7.7 6.9 11,307.25 13,712.70 Total 1 47,775 (50, 756) 3,185 (3,172) 2,18.5.46 3, 639. 96 ,.6 "'"(2."8) 7.4 44,235.04 1 16.0 (1,421.30) Average ■; 145. 70 236.00 2, 949. 00 (88. 83) 1 Second subperiod: No.l No.3 No. 4 No.5 11,915 11, 547 10,346 . 14, 074 575.61 446.37 462. 47 578.67 367. 60 224. 50 258. 90 361. 60 943. 21 670.87 721. 37 940. 27 4.8 3.9 4.5 4.1 3.1 1.9 2.5 2.6 7.9 5.8 7.0 6.7 10, 971. 79 10, 876. 13 9,624.63 13,133.73 12.0- 12.0. 12.0 12.0. Total Average 47, 882 2,993 2, 063. 12 128.95 1,212.60 75.79 3,275.72 204, 73 4.3 2.5 6.8 44,606.28 2, 788. 27 48.0 Third subperiod: No. 1 • — 10, 685 9,605 7,909 10, 159 410. 87 338.83 435. 31 231. 66 353. 60 274. 10 2.59. 30 318. 50 764 47 Cl..d3 694. 61 550. 16 3.8 3.5 5.6 2.3 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.1 7.2 6.4 8.8 5.4 9, 920. 53 8, 992. 07 7, 214. 39 9,608.84 10.0' No.3 No. 4 11.0' 9.7 No. 5 11.2 Total 38,3.58 2,397 1,416.67 88.54 1,205.50 75. 35 2,622.17 163. 89 3.7 3.1 6.8 35, 735. 83 2,233.11 41.9 Average Entire preservative period: No. 1 34,519 30, 032 (33,013) 30,502 • 38,962 1,663.49 1, 075. 80 1, 118. 70 2, 782. 19 1, 793. 20 3.2 3.6 4.8 ■■(2."4) 2.8 2.7 8.0 6.0 31,736.81 28, 238. 80 26.0' No.3 1 1 27.0 (784.20) 872. 30 1,064.20 No.4 No.5 1,483.43 1,442.53 2, 355. 73 2, 506. 73 4.9 3.7 7.7 6.4 28,146.27 36,456.27 26.7 27.2 Total I 134,015 (136, 996) 2,851 (2,854) 5, 665. 25 9, 437. 85 4.2 "(2.'8) 7.0 'l24.577.15 105.9 (3, 839. 40) f 120.54 200.81 2, 650. 19 Average < (79.99) ^ After period. No. 1 22,961 18, 584 (21,507) 9,944 (14, 092) [12, 532] 27,529 1,036.52 879. 62 742. 93 1,779.42 1,337.22 4.5 4.7 3.2 "■(2.' 4) 7.7 7.2 21,181.68 17, 246. 78 No.3 1 (514. 30) I 660.47 6.6 9,383.53 No. 4 { (359. 30) (2.5) 1 [425. 65] 976. 33 [3.4] 3 C No. 5 717. 60 1,693.93 9 fi 6.2 25,836.07 o. o 1 1 79, 018 (86,089) [81,606] 2,927 (2,870) [2,914] 5,371.04 1 . .1 6.8 73.646.96 Total }. (2,334.10) (2.7) [3,318.12] ; [4-1] 198.93 2,728.07 Average I (77.80) ' 1 [118. 50] 1 1 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 399 Table LXXIX. — Summary of calories balances for Series //J— C'uutiniied. Five iTien. Period. 1 2 In food. In feces. Fore period. Xo.l. No. 2. yo.3. No. 4. No. 5. Total Average . •] JPreserratire period. First subperiod: No.l Xo.2 Xo.3.. Xo.4.. No. 5.. Total . Average . Second subperiod: No. 1 N0.-2 Xo.3 Xo.4 Xo. Total . . . . Average . Third subperiod: Xo.l No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. Total . . . . Average. Entire preHer\'atlve penfxl : No. 1 No. 2 No.3 1 No. 4. No. 5. Total Averajfe . Calories. 26, 415 28, 797 23, 366 [26,21-J] 20, 957 (23,568) 30,745 130, 280 (132,891) [133,126) 3,102 (3,090) [3, 09t;] 11,919 13,666 . 8, 880 (11,861) 12, 247 14, 729 61,441 (64,422) 3, 234 (3,221) Calories. 1,414.06 1, 132. 39 [1,057.80] 744. 17 [5, 527. 63] [128. 55] 677. 01 501.46 290.60 585. 65 632. 20 3 In urine. Calories. 863. 60 768. 90 614. 40 (623.20) 841.40 (3,711.50) In feces and urine. (2+3) Calories. 2, 277. 66 1, 901. 29 1, 562. 12 1, 300. 77 2, 020. 61 9, 062. 45 215. 77 (863.10) 397. 50 355.40 1, 074. 51 856. 86 509. 40 (285.60) 354.10 384.10 939. 75 1,016.30 (1,776.70) ""'(88." 84) 4, 396. 82 '""23i."4i 11,915 9, 264 11,547 10,340 14,074 57, 146 2, 8.57 575. 61 135. 85 446. 37 462. 47 578. 67 2,198.97 109. 95 10,685 8,881 9,605 7,909 10, 159 47, 239 2,362 34,519 31,811 30,032 (:«,013) 30,502 38, %2 165, K2C (108, 807 J 2,811 (2,813) 410. 87 376. 45 338.83 435. 31 231. 66 1, 792. 12 89. 01 1,663.49 1,012.76 1,075.80 1,4K3.43 1,442.53 6,678.01 113.19 367. 60 311. 50 224. 50 258. 90 361. 60 1,524.10 76.20 353.60 321.80 274. 10 2.59. 30 318.50 1,527.30 70.37 1,118.70 988.70 (784.20) 872. 30 1,064.20 (4,828.10) (80.47) 943. 21 447. 35 670. 87 721.37 940. 27 3, 723. 07 186. 15 764.47 697. 25 612. 93 694. 01 550.10 3,319.42 165.97 2, 782. 19 2,001.40 1,793.20 2, .355. 73 2, 506. 73 11,439.31 19A. 89 In feces. (2-1) Per et. 5.3 3.9 6 In urine. (3^1) [4.0] 3.6 Peret. 3.3 2.7 2.0 (2.o; 2.8 [4. 2] I. (2.8) 5.6 3.7 3.3 4.8 4.3 3.4 2.0 (2.4) 2.9 2.6 In feces and urine. (4h-1) Per ct. 8.6 6.6 6.7 6.2 9.0 6.3 5.7 7.7 6.9 4.8 1.5 3.9 4.5 4.1 3.8 4.3 3.6 5.6 2.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.9 3.7 4.0 (2.8) 8 Balance. (1-4) Calories. 24, 137. 34 26, 895. 71 21, 803. 88 19,656.23 2S, 724. 39 121,217.55 2, 880. 23 10,844.49 12, 809. 14 8, 370. 60 11,307.25 13, 712. 70 57, 044. 18 3," 662.' 59' 3.1 3.3 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.3 3.1 4.8 3.1 (2.4) 2.8 2.7 (2.9) 7.9 10,971.79 4.8 1 8,816.05 5.8 10,876.13 7.0 9,624.63 6.7 13,133.73 6.5 53,422.93 2, 670. 85 7.2 7.9 6.4 8.8 5.4 8.0 6.3 6.0 7.7 6.4 9, 920. 53 8, 183. 75 8, 992. 07 7,214.39 9, ()08. 84 43, 919. 58 2, 196. 03 31,736.81 29,809.51 28, 238. 80 28,116.27 36, 455. 27 154,386.09 400 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXX. — Calories balances for Series IV. No. 7. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2 + 3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fo7'e period. 1903— Mar. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Calories. 2,159 2,680 2,547 3,165 .2,906 2, 924 3,036 2,943 Calories. 139. 83 176. 92 150. 18 119. 45 143. 40 95.77 251. 37 83.26 Calories. 36.0 70.3 61.0 68.9 46.5 55.3 64.2 58.5 Calories. 175. 83 247. 22 211.18 188. 35 189. 90 151.07 315. 57 141. 76 Per ct. 6.5 6.6 5.9 3.8 4.9 3.3 8.3 2.8 Per ct. 1.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.0 Per ct. 8.1 9.2 8.3 6.0 6.6 5.2 10.4 4.8 Calories. 1,983.17 2, 432. 78 2, 335. 82 2,976.65 2, 716. 10 2,772.93 2, 720. 43 2,801.24 Grams. Total 22,360 2,795 1,160.18 145. 02 460.7 57.6 1, 620. 88 202. 61 5.2 2.1 7.2 20, 739. 12 2, 592. 39 Average Preservative period. Pirst subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 2,929 2,908 2,886 2,979 167. 86 257. 67 198. 19 141. 38 72.5 57.2 65.8 64.5 240. 36 314. 87 263. 99 205. 88 5.7 8.9 6.9 4.7 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.2 8.2 10.8 9.1 6.9 2, 688. 64 2,593.13 2, 622. 01 2,773.12 0.6 .5 .6 .5 Total 11,702 2, 926 765. 10 191.28 260.0 65.0 1,025.10 256.28 6.6 2.2 8.8 10, 676. 90 2, 669. 22 2.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Apr.l 2 2, 798 Dropped. (a) 48.4 48.40 1.7 2, 749. 60 1.0 [ a No movement. BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 401 Table LXXX. — Caloi'ies balances for Series IV — Continued. No. 8. Period and date. 1 2 In food. ' In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax admin- istered. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 21 22 23 Calories. 4,781 4,330 4,384 Calories. 30.39 127. 19 82.44 Lost. C) 199. 85 174. .52 Calories 72.8 83.2 80.7 Calories. 103. 19 210. 39 163. 14 Per at. 0.7 3.0 1.9 Per ct. 1.5 1.9 1.8 Per ct. 2.2 4.9 3.7 Calories. 4, 677. 81 4, 125. 61 4, 220. 86 Grams. 24 25 26 27 3,333 3,822 3,973 3,75(3 73.9 98.6 S3.1 95.1 73.90 298.45 257. 62 95. 10 ""'5.'2' 4.4 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.2 7.8 6.5 2.5 3, 2,59. 10 3, 523. 55 3,715.38 3, 660. 90 Total 28,385 i 614.39 4,055 ! 1.0 2.6 2.1 ' 4.7 ; 3,7.52.90 1.0 1.5,174 3,794 .547.28 136. 82 343.9 8.5.98 891.18 222. 80 3. 6 2. 3 5. 9 14,282.82 4.0 3,570.70 .Subperio Total Average Preservative period. 1903— Apr. C Calories. 2, 732 2,927 3,071 3,198 2, 986 3,374 3,379 3,350 Calories. 158.88 246.30 63.43 206. 60 167. 58 178. 58 138. 76 188.91 Calories. 68.4 85.7 82.5 88.1 69.6 74.3 87.1 77.6 Calories. 227. 28 332. 00 145.93 294. 70 2.37. 18 252. 88 225. 86 266. 51 Per at. 5.8 8.4 2.1 6.4 6.6 6.3 4.1 5.7 Per ct. 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.3 Per ct. 8.3 11.3 4.8 9.2 7.9 7.6 6.7 8.0 Calories. 2,504.72 2, 595. 00 2,926.07 2,903.30 2,748.82 3,121.12 3, 153. 14 3,083.49 Grams, 25,017 3,127 1,319.04 633.3 168.63 ) 79.2 1,982.34! 6.4 i 2.5 7.9,23,034.66 1 247.79 ' [ 2,879.21 j 3,183 3,244 3,322 («) 93.57 141.12 227.62 76.3 80.1 68.9 169. 87 221.22 296. .52 2.9 4.3 6.8 2.4 2.6 2.1 5.3 6.8 8.9 3,013.13 3,022.78 3,025.48 0.5 .5 .5 9, 749 462. 31 3,250 154.10 225. 3 7.5.1 687. 61 229. 20 4.7 2.3 7.0 9,061.39 3,020.80 2.0 1,913 104. a5 3, 397 94. 49 3,305 133.52 65.5 67.0 74.1 170. 35 161.49 207. 62 5.5 3.4 2. 8 2. 4.0 2.2 8.9 4.8 6. '2 1,742.65 3,235.51 3, 157. 38 0.0 0.0 0.0 8, 075 332. 86 2,892 110.95 206.6 68.9 539. 46 179. 82 3.8 2.4 6.2 8,136.54 2,712.18 0.0 3,359 174.60 3,341 146.36 79.8 77.2 254.40 5.2 4.4 1.2 1.2 3.6 ""b.i' 4.7 3.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.9 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.6 7.6 6.7 3.3 3.6 6.5 2.0 7.4 6.7 6.1 3,104.60 3,117.44 3,084.22 3,171.11 2,352.48 2,810.80 2,939.38 3,201.64 2,710.35 1.0 1 8 9 10 11 3, 189 3,291 2, .516 2,868 37.28 41.39 89. 32 161.62 161.06 100.55 67.5 1 104.78 78.5 119.89 74. 2 ; 103. 62 67.2 67.20 74. 1 2.35. 62 67.4 1 228.46 74.1 174.65 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 12 3,175 3,430 2,885 2 13 2.0 11 3.0 Total 28,054 i 912.08 3,117 1 101.34 650.00 1,6(;2.08 72.22 ! 173. .50 3.3 2.3 5.6 26,491.92 2,943.44 13.0 Average A/ler period. 1903— Apr. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1,017 953 3,016 3, 470 3,081 3,187 2,920 3,005 C) 134.33 82. 21 249. 66 155.82 217. 69 72. 35 99.28 42.7 42.70 68. 5 202. 83 .53.1 136.31 70. 6 320. 26 63.8 219.62 61.0 278.69 60.8 1 133.15 67. 4 ! 166. 68 "'u.i' 2.7 7.2 .5.0 6.8 2.5 3.3 4.2 7.2 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 4.2 21.3 4.6 9.2 7.1 8.7 4.6 5.5 974.30 750. 17 2,880.69 3, 149. 74 2,861.38 2,908.31 2, 786. 85 2,8.38.32 :::::::: Total Average 20,649 1,011.34 2,681 1 126. 4'2 487.90 1,499.24 60.99 187.41 4.9 1 2.4 7.3 19, 149. 76 2,393.59 1 uDiffcarded. b No movement. 406 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXI. — Summary of calories balances for Series IV. Tlii-ee iXLen. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3-1). 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- mini-s- tered. Fore period. No. 8 Calories. 28, 385 25, 946 29, 557 Calories. 614. 39 1,052.22 1,026.48 Calories. 587. 40 719. 60 743. 50 Calories. 1,201.79 1,771.82 1,769.98 Per ct. 2.1 •4.1 3.5 Per ct. 2.1 2.8 2.6 Per ct. 4.2 6.9 6.0 Calories. 27,183.21 24, 174. 18 27, 787. 02 Grams. No. 9 No. 10 Total 83,888 3,647 2, 693. 09 117. 09 2, 060. 60 89.16 4, 743. 69 206. 24 3.2 2.5 5.7 79,144.41 3, 440. 76 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: No. 8 15, 122 13, 440 15, 134 715. 81 552. 33 822. 27 330. 40 373. 40 363. 60 1, 046. 21 925.73 1, 186. 87 4.7 4.1 5.4 2.2 2.8 2.4 6.9 6.9 7.8 14, 075. 79 12,514.27 13,948.13 2 No. 9 2 No. 10 2 Total Avei-age 43, 698 3,641 2, 090. 41 174. 20 1, 067. 40 88.95 3,167. 81 263. 15 . 4.8 2.4 7.2 40,538.19 3,377.85 6 Second subperiod: No. 8 .-■ 14, 159 13, 524 15, 174 530. 61 355. 96 547. 28 326.40 363. 80 343. 90 857. 01 719. 76 891.18 3.8 2.6 3.6 2.3 . 2.7 2.3 6.1 5.3 5.9 13, 301. 99 12, 804. 24 14,282.82 4 No. 9 4 No. 10 4 Total ... 42,857 3, 571 1,433.85 119. 49 1, 034. 10 86.17 2, 467. 95 205. 66 3.3 2.4 6.8 40, 389. 05 3, 365. 34 12 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: No. 8 ... .^ No. 9 29,281 26, 964 30, 308 1, 246. 42 908. 29 1, 369. .55 666. 80 737. 20 707. 60 1, 903. 22 1,645.49 2, 077. 05 4.3 3.4 4.5 2.2 2.7 2.4 6.5 6.1 6.9 27, 377. 78 26, 318. 61 28,230.95 6 6 No. 10 6 Total Average 86, 563 3,606 3,524.26 146. 84 2, 101. 50 87.56 5, 625. 76 234. 40 4.1 2.4 6.5 80, 927. 24 3, 371. 60 18 Third subperiod: No 8 . 19, 099 16,833 19, 323 581. 81 647. 95 743. 13 418. 60 471. 80 409. 80 1,000.31 1, 119. 75 1,152.93 3.0 3.9 3.9 2.2 2.8 2.1 6.2 6.7 6.0 18, 098. 69 15, 713. 26 18, 170. 07 5 No. 9 No. 10 6 5 Total 55,255 3,684 1,972.89 131. 53 1, 300. 10 86.67 3, 272. 99 21820 3.6 2.3 5.9 61,982.01 3, 465. 80 15 Average Subperiods 1,2, and 3: No. 8 48, 380 43, 797 49, 631 1, 828. 23 1,566.24 2,112.68 1,075.30 1, 209. 00 1,117.30 2, 903. 53 2, 765. 24 3,229.98 3.8 3.6 4.3 2.2 2.7 2.2 6.0 6.3 6.5 46, 476. 47 41,031.76 46, 401. 02 11 No. 9 11 No. 10 11 Total 141, 808 3,636 5, 497. 15 140.95 3,401.60 . 87. 22 8, 898. 76 228. 17 3.9 2.4 6.3 132, 909. 25 3,407.83 33 Average Fourth subperiod: No. 8 18, 055 16, 745 19, 216 642.90 615. 51 761. 93 343. 30 447. 60 380. 90 986. 20 1,063.01 1, 132. 83 3.6 2.6 3.9 1.9 3.7 2.0 6.6 6.3 5.9 17, 068. 80 15,681.99 18, 083. 17 11 No. 9 11 No. 10 11 Total 54, 016 3,601 2, 010. 34 134. 02 1, 171. 70 78.12 3, 182. 04 212. 14 3.7 2.2 6.9 50,833.96 3, 388. 86 33 Average Entire preservative period: No. 8 66, 435 60,542 68,847 2, 47] . 13 2,171.75 2, 864. 61 1,418.60 1, 666. 60 1,498.20 3,889.73 3, 828. 25 4, 362. 81 3.7 3.6 4.1 2.2 2.7 2.2 5.9 6.3 6.3 62,548.27 66, 713. 75 64,484.19 oo No. 9 No. 10 22 22 Total 195, 824 3,626 7,507.49 139. 03 4, 573. 30 84.69 12, 080. 79 223. 72 3.8 2.4 6.2 183, 743. 21 3,402.28 66 Average After period. No. 8 27, 762 26, 569 17,270 1, 039. 74 998. 56 621.25 620. 10 734. 30 453. 40 1,659.84 1,732.86 1,074.66 3.8 3.7 3.6 2.2 2.8 2.6 6.0 6.6 6.2 26, 102. 16 24, 836. 14 16, 195. 35 No. 9 No. 10 Total 71, 601 3,255 2,059.55 120. 89 1,807.80 82.17 4,467.a5 203. 06 3.7 2.5 6.2 67, 133. 65 3,051.94 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 407 Tablk LXXXI. — Summari/ of calories balances for Series /T' — Continue"l 174.62 1,. 5.52. 7 81.7 4,.H70.5J 256. 32 .5.1 2.4 7.5 60,276.48 3,172.68 10 1 408 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH- Table LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series V. ISTo. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-M) 6 In urine. (3-M) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 933 Apr 24 Calories. Calories. Lost. 104.60 90.48 100. 94 117.15 119. 39 93.37 204. 64 Calories. Calories. Perct. Perct. Per ct. Calories. Grams. 25 3,575 3,476 3,389 3,091 3,504 3,460 3,808 95.6 96.3 94.7 92.5 91.7 98.6 95.8 200. 20 186.78 195.64 209. 65 211.09 191.97 300. 44 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.8 3.4 2.7 5.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.5 5.6 5.4 5.8 6.8 6.0 5.5 7.9 3,374.80 3, 289. 22 3,193.36 2,881.35 3, 292. 91 3,268.03 3,507.56 26 27 28 29 30 Total 24, 303 3,472 830.57 118. 65 66-5.20 95.03 1,495.77 213. 68 3.4 2.7 6.2 22,807.23 3,258.32 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3,336 3,440 3,506 3,715 3,934 3,847 4,212 4,047 3,462 3,459 3,165 3, 312 208. 97 56.51 160. 02 112. 69 151.14 213.24 76.92 156. 25 215.18 110.00 147.11 108. 61 96.6 101.3 93.6 93.2 97.2 96.5 92.3 90.9 93.2 91.1 97.8 89.1 305. 57 157. 81 253. 62 205. 89 248.34 309.74 169.22 247.16 308. 38 201. 10 244. 91 197. 71 6.3 1.6 4.6 3.0 3.8 5.5 1.8 3.9 6.2 3.2 4.6 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.7 9.2 4.6 7.2 5.5 6.3 8.1 4.0 6.1 8.9 5.8 7.7 6.0 3,030.43 3,282.19 3,251.38 3,509.11 3,685.66 3,537.26 4,042.78 3,799.85 3,153.62 3, 257. 90 2,920.09 3,114.29 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 '.t Total 43,434 3,620 1,716.64 143. 05 1, 132. 8 94.4 2,849.44 237.45 4.0 2.6 6.6 40,584.56 3,382.55 6.0 Average Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 3,472 3,294 3,218 3,425 3,217 3,481 3,443 3,445 3,218 3,498 3,711 3,266 122. 06 188.33 175. 86 49.14 113. 51 113. 12 174. 27 121.26 123. 65 105. 12 140. 62 111.30 100.9 89.6 95.5 91.6 92.8 94.8 88.3 96.0 96.2 99.2 95.7 99.2 222. 96 277. 93 271.36 140. 74 206. 31 207. 92 262. 57 217.26 219. 85 204.32 236.32 210. 50 3.5 5.7 5.5 1.4 3.5 3.2 5.1 3.5 3.8 3.0 3.8 3.4 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.0 6.4 8.4 8.4 4.1 6.4 6.0 7.6 6.3 6.8 5.8 6.4 6.4 3,249.04 3, 016. 07 2,946.64 3,284.26 3,010.69 3,273.08 3,180.43 3,227.74 2, 998. 15 3,293.68 3,474.68 3,065.50 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 40, 688 3,391 1,538.24 128. 19 1,139.8 94.9 2,678.04 223. 17 3.8 2.8 6.6 38,009.96 3, 167. 83 6.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total Average 84, 122 3,505 3,254.88 :2,272.60 135.62 1 94.69 5, 527. 48 230. 31 3.9 2.7 6.6 78, 594. 52 3, 274. 69 12.0 Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 27 28 29 30 31 3,330 3,126 3,229 3, 654 2,949 (3,277) 3,333 3,251 3,320 3,559 3,441 3,187 186. 68 101. 14 156. 52 115.41 110. 89 Lost. 239. 43 116. 02 153. 77 133. 14 145. 91 131.11 94.9 101.9 97.7 95.9 97.6 (90.8) 97.7 99.3 97.8 106.7 96.3 102.4 281. 58 203. 04 254.22 211. 31 208. 49 5.6 3.2 4.8 3.2 3.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.3 (2.8) 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.2 8.5 6.5 7.9 5.8 7.1 3,048.42 2,922.96 2, 974. 78 3,442.69 2,740.51 0.5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 June 1 2 8 4 5 6 337. 13 215. 32 2.51. 57 239. 84 242. 21 233. 51 7.2 3.6 4.6 3.7 4.2 4.1 10.1 6.6 7.6 6.7 7.0 7.3 2,996.87 3,036.68 3, 068. 43 3,319.16 3, 198. 79 2, 953. 49 .5 .5 .5 ..5 .5 .5 Total < 36, 379 (39, 656) 3,307 (3, 305) 1,590.02 ""l44.'55" 2,678.22 4.4 "(3.' 6) 7.4 33, 700. 78 6.0 (1,179.0) Average ^ 243.47 3, 063. 53 (98.2) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 409 Table LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series T' — Continued. USTo. 1— Continued. 1 Period and date. , , ^ In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) . 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Presenative period — Continued. Subperiods 1, 2. and 3: Calories, V7(\ .Sdl Calories. 4, 844. 90 Calories. Calories. 8, 205. 70 Perct. 4.0 Perct. "(2.'8) Per ct. 6.8 Calories. 112,296.30 Grams. 18. 0' Total 1 (i2§;778) Average { ,3.4« (3,4.51.6) 138.43 234.45 3, 208. 55 (95.9) ::::::::::::: • ' ' Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3,449 3, 162 3, 696 3,519 3,407 3,450 3,239 3,279 3,162 3,436 3,452 3, 527 3, 682 3, 515 118. 25 138.44 163. 31 161. 82 177. 53 189.43 173. 14 99.77 88.88 217.50 164.30 202.84 259.22 168. 13 97.2 92.5 86.9 91.8 96.1 96.2 100.1 99.3 100.4 98.4 92.0 96.3 93.5 89.3 215.45 230.94 2.50.21 253. 62 273. 63 285. 63 273. 24 199.07 189. 28 315.90 2.56. 30 299. 14 352. 72 257. 43 3.4 4.4 4.4 4.6 6.2 5.5 6.3 3.0 2.8 6.3 4.8 6.8 7.0 4.8 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 6.2 7.3 6.8 7.2 8.0 8.3 8.4 6.1 6.0 9.2 7.4 8.5 9.6 7.3 3,233.56 2, 931. Of) 3,445.79 3,265.38 3,133.37 3, 164. 37 2,96.5.76 3, 079. 93 2,972.72 3, 120. 10 3, 195. 70 3, 227. 86 3, 329. 28 3,257.57 0.5 .5. .5 .5 .5 .5. .5 .5 .5. .5. .5. .5 .5- .5- Total 47, 975 3, 427 2, 322. 56 165. 90 1, 330. 95.0 3, 652. 56 260. 90 4.8 2.8 7.6 44,322.44 3, 166. 10 7.0' Average Entire preservative period: Total 1 Average | 168,476 (171,753) 3,438 (3,435) 7, 167. 46 11,858.26 4.3 "(2.' 8) 7.0 166, 617. 74 25.0" (4,781.6) 146. 27 242.01 3, 195. 99 (95.6) After period. 190:i— June 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 3,250 3,483 3,539 3,369 3,536 3,079 (3,298) 3, 527 3,240 266.83 108. 42 230. 16 2(«. 46 188.26 298. 26 Lost. 165.88 150.80 98.2 87.2 91.7 98.3 95.9 89.1 (95.3) 96.4 100.8 365.03 196. 62 321.86 307. 76 284.16 387. 36 8.2 3.1 6.5 6.2 5.3 9.7 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.9 (2.9) 2.7 3.1 11.2 5.6 9.1 9.1 8.0 12.6 2, 884. 97 3,287.38 3,217.14 3,061.24 3,261.84 2,691.64 :;::::: 28 29 262. 28 251.60 4.7 4.7 7.4 7.8 3,264.72 2,988.40 Total 1 27,023 ran S9I 1 1,618.07 "(862.' 9) 2,375.67 6.0 ■"(i's) 8.8 24,647.33 Average | ^^'I^^^, 202. 26 296.96 3,081.04 (94.8) ' 410 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series V — Continued. JSTo. S. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Apr. 24 25 26 27 28 Calories. 3,731 3,577 3,492 3,313 (3,149) 2,969 3,064 3,238 Calories. 123. 37 122. 18 136. 31 («) Lost. 68.35 87.64 104. 47 Calories. 79.1 87.2 78.7 84.7 (84.2) 84.2 80.6 80.5 Calories. 202. 47 209. 38 215. 01 84.70 Per ct. 3.3 3.4 3.9 Per ct. 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.6 ^2.6) 2.8 2.6 2.5 Per ct. 5.4 5.9 6.2 2.6 Calorie.''. 3, 528. 53 3, 367. 62 3, 276. 99 3,228.30 Grams. 29 30 May 1 152. 55 168. 24 184. 97 2.3 2.9 3.2 6.1 5.5 6.7 2,816.45 2, 895. 76 3, 053. 03 Total 1 Average ■! 23, 384 (26, 533) 3,341 (3,317) 642. 32 "(659.' 2) 1,217.32 2.7 "(2.'5) 5.2 22, 166. 68 91.76 173. 90 3, 167. 10 (82.4) Treservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3, 122 3,515 3, 420 3, 433 3,716 3, :583 3, .582 3, 5.54 3,014 3,196 3, 283 3,419 125. 89 129. 62 81.10 91.27 112. 19 140. 96 108. 45 77.40 112. 62 129. 55 113. 32 91.41 84.5 82.4 93.1 82.3 91.2 74.7 78.1 78.0 68.9 72.5 82.8 72.7 210. 39 212. 02 174. 20 173. 67 203. 39 215. 66 186. 55 155. 40 181. 52 202. 05 196. 12 164.11 4.0 3.7 2.4 2.7 3.0 4.2 3.0 2.2 3.7 4.1 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.1 6.7 6.0 5.1 5.1 5.6 6.4 6.2 4.4 6.0 6.3 6.0 4.8 2,911.61 3, 302. 98 3, 245. 80 3, 269. 43 3,512.61 3, 167. 34 3, 395. 46 3, 398. 60 2, 832. 48 2,993.95 3, 086. 88 3,254.89 0.5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 Total 40, 637 3,386 1,313.78 109. 48 961.2 80.1 2, 274. 98 189. 58 3.2 2.4 6.6 38, 362. 02 3,196.42 6.0 Average ■Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24....... 25 2,886 3,391 3,364 2,695 3,. 563 3,051 2, 662 3,104 2, 974 2, 875 2,911 3,180 103. 79 109. 83 102. 63 93.29 103. 28 125. 15 87.26 85.59 92.66 125.12 81.15 96.67 79.4 74.9 84.7 74.3 80.7 73.7 78.7 71.6 70.1 78.0 70.0 71.2 183. 19 184. 73 187.33 167. 69 183. 98 198. 85 165. 96 157. 19 162. 76 203. 12 161. 15 167. 87 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.9 4.1 3.3 2.8 3.1 4.4 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.2 6.3 5.4 5.6 6.2 5.2 6.5 6.2 5.1 5.5 7.1 5.2 5.3 2, 702. 81 3, 206. 27 3, 176. 67 2, 527. 41 3,379.02 2,852.15 2, 496. 04 2, 946. 81 2,811.24 2, 671. 88 2,759.86 3,012.13 0.5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 Total 36,656 3,055 1, 206. 42 100.64 907.3 75.6 2,113.72 176. 14 3.3 2.5 6.8 34,542.28 2, 878. 86 6 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 77, 293 3, 221 2,520.20 105.01 1, 868. 5 77.9 4,388.70 182. 86 3.3 2.4 5.7 72, 904. 30 3, 038. 14 12 Average Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 2,800 2,968 2,756 2,699 2,332 2,348 2,495 2,733 1,853 2,484 1,862 2,517 123. 70 86.90 157. 37 53.93 91.57 87.00 154. 71 85.88 114. 83 77.71 53.64 115. 78 77.7 77.2 66.6 76.0 80.3 77.3 73.0 63.6 61.6 59.8 55.2 68.5 201. 40 164. 10 223. 97 129. 93 171.87 164. 30 227. 71 149. 38 176. 43 137. 61 108. 84 184. 28 4.4 2.9 5.7 2.0 3.9 3.7 6.2 3.1 6,2 3.1 2.9 4.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.8 3,4 3.3 2.9 2.3 3.3 2.4 3.0 2.7 7.2 5.5 8.1 4.8 7.4 7.0 9.1 5.5 9.5 5.5 5.8 7.3 2, 598. 60 2, 803. 90 2, 532. 03 2,569.07 2, 160. 13 2, 183. 70 2, 267. 29 2, 583. 62 1,676.57 2, 346. 49 1,763.16 2, 332. 72 0.5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 Total 29,847 2,487 1, 203. 02 100. 26 836.7 69.7 2, 039. 72 169. 98 4.0 2.8 6.8 27,807.28 2, 317. 02 6 Average 1 a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 411 Table LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series ]' — Continued. IN'o. XJ — Continued. Period and date. In food. In feces. In urine. In feces and urine. (2+3) In 6 In fece.«. urine. (2-1) (3^1) In feces and urine. (4-1) Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore periixJ. Subperiodsl,2.und3: Total Average Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total . . . . Average . Entire preservative period: Total Average AJler period. 1903— June 21 . 22. 23. 21. 2.1. 26. 27. 28. 29. Total . . . . A verage . Calories. 107,140 2,976 Calories. 3, 723. 22 103. 42 Calorics. ' Calories. 0.5.2 6,428.42 1 178. .57 2,418 2,738 1,970 2, .551 2,417 2,997 2,400 2, .5H9 2,787 2, .584 2,764 2,390 3,007 2, 712 36, 324 2, .595 111.60 26. 98 143. 19 70.01 72.25 212. 42 102.07 39.13 114.68 104. 69 161. 78 129.64 152. 84 268.85 54.4 56.8 49.1 .58.4 61.0 55.7 62.5 60.6 56.6 76.6 69.6 71.0 68.9 67.9 Per at. ' Per ct. 3.5 : 2.5 Pa- ct. Calories. 6.0 100,711.58 I 2,797.43 Grams. 18.0 166.00 83.78 192. 29 128. 41 133. 25 268.12 164. 57 99.73 171. 28 181. 29 231. 38 200. 64 221.74 336. 75 4.6 9.9 7.3 2.7 3.0 7.1 4.3 1.5 4.1 4.1 5.9 5.4 5.1 9.9 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.5 1,710.13 1-22. 15 869.1 ,2, .579. 23 62.1 184.23 4.7 2.4 6.9 3.1 9.8 5.0 5.5 8.9 6.9 3.9 6.1 7.0 8.4 8.4 7.4 12.4 7.1 143, 464 2,869 5,433.35 108. 67 3, .574. 3 9,007.65 71.5 1 180.15 2,287 2,838 2,863 3,228 2,902 3, 107 3, 145 3,211 2,930 112.77 119.74 145. 04 226. 41 180.51 117.42 170.11 103. 43 98.38 68.7 67.2 67.2 76.9 79.1 77.8 94.2 84.3 82. 3 1S1.47 4.9 186. 94 4.2 212. 24 5.1 303. 31 7.0 2.59. 61 6.2 195.22 3.8 264. 31 5.4 187.73 3.2 180. 68 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.8 6.3 7.9 6.6 7.4 9.4 8,9 6.3 8.4 5.8 6.2 26,511 2,946 1,273.81 141.53 697.7 1,971.-51 77.5 ; 219.06 2, 2.52. 00 2,6.54.22 1,777.71 2, 422. .59 2,283.75 2, 728. 88 2,2*5.43 2, 489. 27 2, 615. 72 2, 402. 71 2,532.62 2, 189. 36 2, 785. 26 2, 375. 25 33, 744. 77 2,410.77 134,456.35 2, 689. 13 2. 105. 53 2,651.06 2, 650. 76 2,924.69 2, 642. 39 2.911.78 2, 880. 69 3,023.27 2,749.32 24, 539. 49 2, 726. 94 20.5 412 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series V — Continued. INTO. 3. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- ter«d. Fore period. 1903— Apr 24 Calories. Calories. Lost. 65.87 137. 57 48.96 190.33 115. 76 89.55 169. 01 Calories. Calories. Per ct. Perct. Perct. Calories. Grams. 2, 314 2,619 2,535 2,737 3,378 2,320 2,941 62.4 84.8 76.1 89.4 74.8 72.1 65.9 128. 27 222. 37 125. 06 279. 73 190. 56 161. 65 234. 91 2.8 5.3 1.9 7.0 3.4 3.9 5.8 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.2 3.1 2.2 5.5 8.5 4.9 10.2 5.6 7.0 8.0 2,185.73 2, 396. 63 2, 409. 94 2, 457. 27 3, 187. 44 2, 158. 35 2, 706. 09 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 Total 18, 844 2, 692 817. 05 116. 72 525.5 75.1 1, 342. 55 191. 79 4.3 2.8 7.1 17,501.45 2, 500. 21 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 3 4 1,775 2,162 [2, 688] 2,984 3,211 3,543 3,766 3,745 3, 154 2,852 3,223 2,916 106. 63 124. 69 [119. 88] 95.64 79.00 139. 24 103. 66 115. 07 108. 08 100. 97 173. 64 121.66 75.8 64.7 Lost. 71.2 68.9 73.0 65.7 70.8 73.7 71.8 69.6 64.9 182.43 189. 39 6.0 5.1 [4.5] 3.2 2.5 3.9 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.5 5.4 4.1 4.3 2.6 10.3 7. 7 1, 592. 57 2, 272. 61 0.5 .5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 166.84 147. 90 212. 24 169. 36 185.87 181. 78 172. 77 243. 24 186. 56 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 5.6 4.6 6.0 4.5 5.0 5.8 6.1 7.5 6.4 2,817.16 3, 063. 10 3, 330. 76 3,596.64 3, 559. 13 2,972.22 2, 679. 23 2, 979. 76 2,729.44 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 m i , f .qa 631 770.1 2, 038. 38 ■■■[3."8]" 2.3 6.1 31,592.62 6 Total { [36;§i§j [i, 388. ie] ^^e^&Se { r3:0271 70.0 185.32 2,872.68 ril5. 681 1 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2,861 2,994 3,271 2,852 3,223 2,621 2,725- 3,387 2,983 2, 928 2,710 2,472 143.62 105. 61 111.93 158. 83 82.31 114:53 78.66 119. 24 173.44 109.52 124.48 115. 74 71.5 73.4 76.7 88.0 71.4 64.4 77.6 88.3 73.4 69.1 70.6 76.3 215. 02 179. 01 188. 63 246. 83 153. 71 178. 93 1.56. 26 207. 54 246. 84 178. 62 195. 08 192. 04 5.0 3.5 3.4 5.6 2.6 4.4 2.9 3.5 5.8 3.7 4.6 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 3.1 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.6 3.1 7.5 6.0 5.8 8.7 4.8 6.8 5.7 6.1 8.3 6.1 7.2 7.8 2. 645. 98 2. 814. 99 3,082.37 2, 605. 17 3, 069. 29 2,442.07 2, 568. 74 3, 179. 46 2, 736. 16 2, 749. 38 2,514.92 2,279.96 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 35, 027 2, 919 1,437.81 119. 82 900.7 75.1 2, 338. 51 194. 88 4.1 2.6 6.7 32. 688. 49 2. 724. 04 6 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: 68. 658 1,670.8 4,376.89 ■■"[4.'6i" 2.4 6.4 64,281.11 1'' Total { pi;346] [2,825.97] ''^^'^se { rlwl 72.6 190. 30 2, 794. 83 [117. 75] Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 27 28 29 30 31 2,792 2,976 3,140 2,890 2,526 (2,922) 2,751 2,897 2,992 3,124 2,768 3,064 153. 16 106. 65 179. 19 98.63 177. 76 Lost. 159. 84 60.01 97.22 121.41 101.30 107. 04 76.4 74.9 80.9 55.7 98.3 (84.2) 84.0 76.3 76.6 76.1 62.4 75.8 229. 56 181. 55 260. 09 154. 33 276. 06 5.5 3.6 5.7 3.4 7.0 2.7 2.5 2.6 1.9 3.9 (2.9) 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5 8.2 6.1 8.3 5.3 10.9 2, 562. 44 2, 794. 45 2, 879. 91 2, 735. 67 2.249.94 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 June 1 2....... 3 • 4 5 6 243. 84 136. 31 173. 82 197.51 163. 70 182. 84 5.8 2.1 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.5 8.9 4.7 5.8 6.3 5.9 6.0 2, 507. 16 2, 760. 69 2,818.18 2,926.49 2, 604. 30 2,881.16 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 1 31,920 (34, 842) 2,902 (2, 904) 1,362.21 2, 199. 61 4.3 "(2.'6) 6.9 29, 720. 39 6 (921.6) Average | 123.83 199. 93 2, 702. 07 (75.1) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 413 Tablk LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series V — Continued. I>3"o. 3 — Continued. i 1 . ; S Period and date. i In food. , In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Preserrative period — Continued. Subperiodsl.'J.andS: f Calories. 100, 578 (103, .500) [103, 266] Calories. Calories. Calories. 6, .576. 50 Per et. Per ct. Per ct. 6.5 Calories. 94,001.50 Grams. 18 Total \ (2,592.4) (2.5) 14. 188. in [4.0] [ 1 ( 2,9.58 ." - 193.46 2,764.54 \. Average < (2,9.57) (74.1) [2, 9.50] ril'J.661 1 ' Fourth subperiod: 1903-June 7 8.. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3,033 3,001 3,265 3, 135 3,367 2,988 2,883 2,860 2, 921 2,817 3,017 3,181 2,977 3, 039 49.54 1.54. 07 114.87 125. 05 144. 48 65. 07 13.5. 19 139. 13 88.14 190.00 158.24 214.06 48.91 248. 18 79.1 73.0 68.4 63.7 75.3 75.0 79.2 81.6 78. 3 78.1 77. 5 73.4 74.8 73.7 128.64 227.07 183. 27 188. 75 219. 78 140. 07 214.39 220. 73 166. 44 268. 10 235. 74 287. 46 123. 71 321. 88 1.6 5.1 3.5 4.0 4.3 2.2 4.7 4.9 3.2 6.7 5.2 6.7 1.6 8.2 2.6 2.4 2.1 IS 1? 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.4 4.2 7.6 .5.6 6.0 6.5 4.7 7.4 7.7 .5.7 9.5 7.8 .9.0 4.2 10.6 2, 904. 36 2, 773. 93 3,081.73 2, 946. 25 3,147.22 2, 847. 93 2, 668. 61 2,639.27 2, 754. .56 2, .548. 90 2,781.26 2,893.54 2, 853. 29 2,717.12 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 42, isA 1. 874. 93 3.035 133.92 1,0.51.1 2,926.03 75. 1 209. 02 4.4 2.5 6.9 39, .5.57. 97 2, 825. 98 7.0 1 Entire preservative period: Total 1 143, 062 r 1 45, 9H4 I [14.5.7.501 9, 502. 53 6.6 133, 569. 47 55 (3,643.5) (2.5) 16. 063.111 [4.2] ( ' 2.'.IX0' ' '. 197.97 2, 782. 03 .Average •] (2, '.)7i); [2, 974] (74.3) ' (123.741 After period. 1903-.June 21 22 23 2,775 1.55.38 3,036 150.54 3,7.36 ' 108.80 3,071 1 249.98 3, 430 1 223. 12 3,472 171.83 3, .361 j 145.96 3,810 ' 211.89 3,000 104.50 1 80.3 23.5.68 61.5 212.04 83.0 191.80 82. 1 332. 08 77. 6 300. 72 82. 9 254. 73 SO. 3 226. 26 81.0 292.89 81.6 186.10 5.6 5.0 2.9 8.1 6.5 4.9 4.3 5.6 3.5 2.9 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.7 8.5 7.0 5.1 10.8 8.8 7.3 6.7 7.7 6.2 2,-539.32 2,823.96 3, 544. 20 2,738.92 3, 129. 28 3,217.27 3, 134. 74 3,517.11 2,813.90 24 2.5 26 27 • 28 29 Total Average 29, 691 3,299 1,. 522. 00 169. 11 710.3 2,232.30 78. 9 248. 03 5.1 2.4 7.5 27, 4.58. 70 3, 050. 97 414 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. T.\BLE LXXXII. — Calories balances for Series V — Continued. ISTo. 4. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6. In urine. (3h-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Foi'e period. 1908 — Apr. 24 Calories. 3,595 2, 851 2,768 2,795 3,244 1,779 2,721 2,668 Calories. 81.54 («) 135. 74 120. 91 103. 38 82.76 129. 56 192. 93 Calories. 67.6 77.2 72.1 86.6 86.6 73.7 76.2 88.6 Calories. 149. 14 77.20 207. 84 207. 51 189. 98 156. 46 205. 76 281.53 Per ct. 2.3 ""i.9 4.3 8.2 •4.7 4.8 7.2 Per ct. 1.9 2.7 2.6 8.1 2.7 '"'i's' 3.3 Per ct. 4.1 2.7 7.5 7.4 5.9 8.8 7.6 10.6 Calories. 3,445.86 2, 773. 80 2,560.16 2,587.49 8, 054. 02 1,622.54 2, 515. 24 2, 386. 47 Orams. 25 26 27 28 29 30 Mav 1 Total 22,421 2,803 846.82 105. 85 628.6 78.6 1,.475. 42 184. 43 8.8 2.8 6.6 20, 945. 58 2, 618. 57 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2,845 2,796 2,741 3,301 3, 049 2,692 3,239 2,932 2,414 2,453 2,530 2,423 (a) 159. 96 83.32 115. 04 76.80 122. 25 122. 39 151. 85 61.56 124. 13 138. 04 103. 72 18.4 69.1 80.5 67.8 84.1 69.3 73.2 70.1 71.7 72.1 76.9 71.7 18.40 229. 06 163. 82 182. 84 160. 90 191. 55 195. 59 221. 95 133.26 196. 23 209. 94 175. 42 ""'5.'7" 3.0 3.5 2.5 4.5 3.8 5.2 2.6 5.1 5.3 4.3 0.6 2.5 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 0.6 8.2 6.0 5.5 5.3 7.1 6.0 7.6 5.5 8.0 8.3 7.2 2,826.60 2, 566. 94 2, 577. 18 3,118.16 2,888.10 2, 500. 45 3, 043. 41 2, 710. 05 2, 280. 74 2, 256. 77 2,320.06 2, 247. 58 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 33, 415 1,254 06 104.50 824.9 68.7 2,078.96 3.8 173.25 1 2.5 6.2 31,330.04 2, 611. 75 6.0 Average 2, 7S5 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 15 16..;.... 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2,616 2,990 3,057 2, .500 8, 254 2,852 2,759 2,952 2,904 3,101 2,966 2,881 127. 04 115. 33 141. 99 109. 34 118.96 262. 64 ■ («) 39.38 193. 03' 162. 77 106. 28 82.81 88.5 67.8 86.5 80.2 90.3 83.8 73.1 81.5 82.3 85.4 80.6 82.2 215. 54 183. 13 228. 49 189. 54 204. 26 346.44 73.10 120. 88 275. 38 248. 17 186. 88 165. 01 4.9 3.9 4.6 4.4 3.5 9.2 ""i'.z 6.6 5.2 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 8.2 6.1 7.5 7.6 6.3 12.1 2.6 4.1 9.5 8.0 6.3 5.7 2, 400. 46 2, 806. 87 2, 828. 51 2,310.46 3, 049. 74 2, 505. 56 2,685.90 2, 831. 12 2, 628. 67 2,852.83 2, 779. 12 2, 715. 99 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 34, 882 2,903 1,454.57 121. 21 982. 2 •2. 43fi_ 77 4.2 2.8 7.0 32, 395. 28 2, 699. 94 6.0 Average 81.85 '203.06 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total .... 68, 247 2, 708. 63 2,844 112.86 1,807.1 4,515.73 75. 3 188. 16 4.0 2.6 6.6 63,781.27 2, 655. 84 12.0 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. Table LXXXII.—' 'a^orfVs bahncesfor Series T'— Continued. 415 No. r>. 1 'i 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In feces In ! feces. (2^1) ,„ In fece> Borax Period and date. In food. In feces. In and urine, urine. (2+3) urine. (3-^1) 1 and urine. (4-1) Balance. (1-4) 1 ad- minis- tered. J'oie i>eriijd. Calorics. Calorics. Calories. Calories. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Calories. Grams. 1903— Apr.-24 ; 4,117 118. 60 82.3 200.90 2.9 2.0 4.9 3,916.10 ; 3. .586 42. 64 94.5 137. 14 1.2 2.6 3.8 3, 448. 86 lid 3, 655 3,871 185. 78 205. 75 91.6 192. 7 277. 38 398. 45 5.1 5.3 2.5 5.0 7.6 10.3 3,377.62 3, 472. 55 • 27 28 ' 4,254 (a) 90.4 90.40 2.1 2.1 4, 163. 60 29 3,723 91.99 94.4 186.39 2.5 2.5 5.0 3,536.61 30 3,795 158.59 98.1 256.69 4.2 2.6 6.8 ■ 3, 538. 31 May 1 3,888 183.19 95. 2 278. 39 4.7 2.5 7.2 3,609.61 Total 30, 889 986. 54 839.2 1,825.74 3.2 2.7 5.9 29,063.26 Average 3,861 123.32 104. 9 228. 22 3, 632. 78 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903 — Mav 2 3, 772 74.73 95.3 170.03 2.0 2.5 4.5 3,601.97 0.5 ■ 3 3,830 77.07 96.4 173.47 2.0 2.5 4.5 3, 656. 53 .5 4 ... 3,730 207. 16 93.7 300. 86 .5.6 2.5 8.1 3, 429. 14 .5 4, 448 11.5. 04 93.1 208. 14 2.6 2.1 4.7 4,239.86 .5 6 4,284 50. 50 93.2 143. 70 1.2 2.2 3.4 4,140.30 .6 7 4,068 152.91 93.4 246. 31 3.8 2.3 6.1 3,821.69 .5 8. . 4,885 I 158.13 93.6 251. 73 3.2 1.9 5.2 4,633.27 .5- 9 4,675 193.35 85.8 279. 15 4.1 1.9 6.0 4, 395. 85 .5 10 3,825 ; 177.91 84.8 262. 74 4.7 2.2 6.9 3,562.26 .5 11 3,932 96.03 90.6 186. 63 2.4 2.3 4.7 3, 745. 37 .5 12 4,220 132. 32 82.5 214.82 3.1 2.0 5.1 4, 005. 18 .6 13 3,839 258.42 91.4 349. 82 6.7 2.4 9.1 3,489.18 .5 Total 49, .508 1,693.60 1,093.8 2,787.40 3.4 2.2 5.6 46, 720. 60 6.0 Average 4,126 j 141.13 91.2 232.33 3, S93. 67 Second subperiod: 1903— Mav 14 3,401 («) 85.2 85.20 2.5 2.5 3,315.80 0.6 .6 1.5 4,046 173.47 82. 5 2.55. 97 4.3 2.0 6.3 3, 790. 03 lii 3, 865 232.89 92.7 325.69 6.0 2.4 8.4 3, 539. 41 .5 17 3, 2.50 («) 97.1 97.10 3.0 3.0 3, 1.52. 90 .5 18 3,726 61.50 93.7 155. 20 . 1.7 2.5 4.2 3, 570. 80 .5 19 3,339 (a) 85.5 85. 50 2.6 2.6 3, 253. 50 .5 20 3,321 228.26 88.7 316.96 0.9 2.7 9.5 3,004.04 .5 21 3, 952 (a) 93.9 93.90 2.4 2.4 3, 868. 10 22 3,581 2.53. 86 77.8 331.66 7.1 2.2 9.3 3,249.34 .5 23 3 407 2.58. 02 86.5 344.52 7.6 2.5 10.1 3, 062. 48 24 25 3, 679 99.66 94.1 (80 8) 193. 76 2.7 1 2.6 (2.1) 5.3 3, 486. 24 .6 .5 Total 1 39,507 :i,307.66 2,285.36 3.3 '(2.'4)' 5.8 37,281.6-1 6.0' Average ■', 3 1597 1 11« OS j 207.76 C.'.'.'.'.'.'. 3, 389. 24 (3,624 1 ' " (88.2) 1 1 Bubperiofls 1 and 2: Total -f 89 075 '5I' 001 9fi 5,072.76 1 3.4 ■(2."3)" 5.7 84,002.24 12.0 (92,999 (2,152.3) Average -j " T«i Aa 220. 55 1 3,652.45 (3,875) "■(89.7) Third subpcrio'l: 1903— May 2fi 27 1 3,379 I 1,791 70.14 («) 93.0 82.3 1 163.14 82. 30 2.1 2.8 4.6 4.8 4.6 3,215.86 1,708.70 0.5 .0 28 2, 9:11 J«) 86.9 , 86. 90 3.0 3.0 2,844.10 .6 29 3,254 261.48- 78.2 1 339.68 8.0 2.4 10.4 2,914.32 .5 3f) . . 3,212 184.48 97.8 282. 28 .5.8 3.0 8.8 2, 929. 72 31 3,176 191.82 9:5. 9 285. 72 6.0 3.0 9.0 2, 890. 28 .6 2, 789 69. 62 83.7 1.53.32 2.5 3.0 5.5 2, 635. 08 .5 2 ; 3,086 169.67 91.5 261.17 5.5 3.0 8.5 2,824.83 3 2,9 (3,070) 120. (A 186. 12 2, 848. 88 Average (68.0) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 2,712 154.33 67.9 . 222. 23 6.6 2.4 8.0 2,549.77 0.5 3 3,722 154.84 67.8 222.64 4.2 1.8 6.0 3, 499. 36 .5 4 2, 4.=S0 118.05 63.6 181.65 4.8 2.6 7.4 2, 268. 35 .0 .5 3,281 85.20 59.0 144. 20 2.6 1.8 4.4 3, 136. 80 .0 6 3,29.T 133.92 63.6 197. 52 4.1 1.9 6.0 3,097.48 .a 7 2,993 225. 34 63.3 288.64 7.5 2.1 9.6 2, 704. 36 .5 8 3, .502 C) 61.8 61.80 1.8 1.8 3,440.20 .0 9 3,22.5 232. 27 70.2 302.47 7.2 2.2 9.4 2, 922. 53 .0 10 2,714 170. 18 65.5 235. 68 6.3 2.4 8.7 2, 47H. 32 .0 11 2,861 43.78 66.9 110. 68 1.5 2.3 3.9 2, 750. 32 .5 12 2, 628 82.06 64.0 146. 06 3.1 2.4 5.6 2, 481. 94 .5 13 2, 762 140. 71 68.0 208. 71 5.1 2.5 7.6 2,553.29 .5 Total 36,205 1,. 540. 68 7S1. 6 2, 322. 28 4.3 2.2 6.4 33,882.72 5.0 Average 3,017 128.39 65.13 193.52 2, 823. 48 Second subperiod : , 1903— May 14 2,807 102.83 61.5 1 164. 33 3.7 2.2 5.9 2, 642. 67 0.5 1.0 2,9.50 191.39 60.8 252.19 6.5 2.1 8.5 2, 697. 81 .5 16 2.:m 105.99 68.0 173.99 4.1 2.6 6.8 2,394.01 .0 17 •2. 627 47.04 76.9 123. 94 • 1.8 2.9 4.7 2, 503. 06 .5 18 3,043 134.30 64.5 198.80 4.4 2.1 6.5 2,844.20 .6 19 2,692 157.25 67.3 224. 55 5.8 2.5 8.3 2, 467. 45 .5 20 2, 6.57 130.29 64.7 1 194.99 4.9 2.4 7.3 2,462.01 .5 21 2, H65 166. 02 71.1 1 237.12 5.8 2.5 8.3 2, 627. 88 .5 22 3, 1.58 109. 42 73.8 1 183.22 3.5 2.3 .5.8 2,974.78 .5 23 2, 4.57 120.46 73.3 193. 76 4.9 3.0^ 7.9 2, 263. 24 .5 M 3,201 175. 25 70.0 245. 25 .5.5 2.2 7.7 2,9.55.75 .5 25 2,641 89. 82 68.3 158.12 3.4 2.6 6.0 2,482.88 .5 Total :J3, 666 1,. 5.30. 06 820. 2 2, 3.50. 26 1 4.5 2.4 7.0 31,31.5.74 6.0 Average 2,K06 127. .50 (W.4 195.86 2,610.14 feiibi>eriodH 1 and 2: 1 Total 69,871 3,070.74 1,601.80 i4,672..'>4 4.4 2.3 6.7 65, 198. 46 11.0 Average 2,911 127.95 66.74 1 194.69 2, 716. 31 Third KUbperujd: 1 19<»-May26 1,984 76.84 70.8 147. a 3.9 3.6 7.4 1,836.36 0.5 27 2, 532 («) •17.0 1 67.00 2.6 2.6 2, 4^5. 00 .5 28 2,720 239.04 73.3 312.34 «.? 2.7 11.5 2,407.66 .5 29 2,905 251.41 64. 6 316.01 8.7 1 2.2 10.9 2, 588. 99 .5 30 2,311 50.42 83.7 1.34. 12 2.2 3.6 5.8 2,176.88 .6 31 I 2,617 97.28 60.1 1.57. :i8 3.7 2.3 6.0 2, 4.59. 62 .5 June 1 2,080 162.81 71.7 234. .51 7.8 3.4 11.3 1,84.5.49 .5 2 2, 7W 163. 72 7.5.3 239. 02 .5.9 2.7 8.7 2, .520. 98 .5 3 2, Wis i:«.37 6.5. 4 198. 77 4.7 2.3 6.9 2, 664. 23 .5 4 3.083 82. 24 73.0 : 155. 24 2.7 2.4 5.0 2,927.76 .5 5 2, .573 131.04 70.3 . 201.34 Z.l 2.7 7.8 2,371.66 .5 6 2,.5H5 71.92 69.3 1 141.22 2.8 2.7 6.5 2,443.78 .5 Total 1 31,013 1.4«!«.09 M44. M 2.;W4..59 4.7 2.7 7.4 28,708.41 6.0 Averax'* ' 2..5K4 1 - 121.67 70. 38 1 192. a5 2,391.95 4242— No. 84, pt 1—04 27 418 IKFLUElSrCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXII. — Caldries balances for Series V — Continued. ISTo. 6 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and tirine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1)- 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Preservative period — Continued. Subperiodsl, 2, and 3: Total Calories. 100,884 2,802 Calories. 4, .530. 83 Calories. Calories. 6, 977. 13 193. 81 Per at. 4.5 Perct. 2.4 Per ct. 6.9 Calories. 93, 906. 87 2, 608. 19 drams. 17 Average 125.86 i 67.95 Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2,994 2,739 2,689 2,921 2,978 2,666 2,330 2,613 2, .565 2, .580 2,881 2,929 2,274 (2, 415) 158. 19 157.85 162.81 56.44 103. 13 139. 23 107. 12 202. 93 132. 47 138.90 (°) 253.68 («) Lost. 69.3 62.1 71.2 73.6 63.7 73.7 70.1 70.7 72.6 69.9 62.4 71.5 53.4 f 14,5. 6^ 227.49 219. 95 234. 01 130. 04 166. 83 212. 93 177.22 273. 63 205. 07 208. 80 62.40 325. 18 53.40 .5.3 .5.8 6.1 1.9 3.5 5.2 4 6 7.8 5.2 5.4 ""s.i 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 ■ 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.3 (6.0) 7.6 8.0 8.7 4.5 6.6 8.0 7.6 10.5 8.0 8.1 2.2 11.1 2.3 2,766.51 2, 519. 05 2.454.99 2,790.96 2,811.17 2,4.53.07 2,152.78 2, 339. 37 2,359.93 2, 371. 20 2, 818. 60 2,603.82 2, 220. 60 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 35.159 1, 612. 75 2,493.95 4.6 '"(2.'7) 7.1 j 32,662.05 2 5 Total { (37; 574) (1,029.8) Average {1 ^|™^^ 124.06 192. 07 2, 512. 93 (73.6) Entire preservative period: 1 136.043 6. 143. .58 9, 474. 08 4. 5 "(2."5) 7.0 126, 568. 92 19 5 Total { (138; 458) ^^^^^^S^ { ^1:769^ (3,476.1) 125. 38 193.35 2, 582. 65 (69.5) After period. 1903— June 21 22 23.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 21 25 26 27 28 29 Total Average ■ 1 2,642 2,713 2,775 2, 780 2, 953 2,768 2, 753 3,200 2,808 127. 45 246. 84 172. 19 266. 78 («) 57. 77 334. 49 117. 03 («) 145. 6 71.7 72.6 65.9 76.2 59.1 69.0 67.8 59.5 273.05 318. 54 244. 79 332. 68 76. 20 116. 87 403. 49 184. 83 59. 50 4.8 9.1 6.2 9.6 ""y.i' 12.2 3.7 5.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.1 If 2.1 10.3 11.7 8.8 12.0 2.6 4.2 14.7 5.8 2.1 2,368.95 2,394.46 2,530.21 2,447.32 2,876.80 2,651.13 2, 349. 51 3,015.17 2,748.50 ....... 2.5,392 ; 1,322.55 2,821 ; 146.95 687. 4 2, 009. 95 76.38 223. .S3 •^.2 2.7 7.9 23, 382. 05 2, .597. 67 1 1 " Ko movemeii c. Table LXXXIII. — Summary of calories balances for Series V. Three inen. Period. In food. In feces. In feces and urine. (2+3) In feces. (2-1) 6 7 In In feces urine. and (3+1) urine. j (4-1) Balance. (1-4) Fore jxriod. No.l No.3 No.5 Total Average . . Calories. 24,303 18,844 30,889 Calories. 830.57 817. 05 986.54 Calories. 665. 2 ' 525. 5 839.2 Calories. 1, 495. 77 1,342.55 1,825.74 74,036 3, 365 2. 634. 16 119. 73 2,029.9 92,3 4,664.06 212. CO 3.4 4.3 3.2 Per et. 2.7 2.8 2.7 Perct. 6.2 7.1 5.9 3.6 2.7 6.3 Calories. 22, 807. 23 17, 501. 45 29, 063. 26 69, 371. 94 3, 153. 00 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 419 Table LXXXIII. — '^Kinmanj of calories balances for Series ^' — Continued. Three naen.— Continued. Period. In feces. In urine. In feces and urine. (2+3) In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3^1) In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Preser- vative ad- minis- tered. Pregervative period. First subperiod: No.l No. 3. No. 5. Calories. Calories. . Calories. Calories. \Perct.Perct. 43,434 1,716.64 I 1,132.8 I 2,849.44 4.0 2.6 33,631 1 770.1 I 2,038.38 ! 2.3 [36,319] [1.388.1611 ' [3.8] 49,.'i08 1,693.60 | 1,093.8 2,787.40 3.4 Perct. 6.6 6.1 2.2 Total Average < f 126, .'>73 ' ' 2,996.7 7,675.22 \ [129,261] [4,798.40] [3.7] 3,616 ! I 85.6 : 219.29 2.4 Calories. 40, 584. 56 31,592.62 46, 720. 60 Grams. 6.0 I 6.0 6.0 [3, 591] Second subperiod: No.l No. 3 No.o ■! ToUil I Average i Subperiods 1 and 2: Total . . 40,688 3.5,027 39, 567 [133. 29] 118,897.78 ""3,'396."7i' 1,538.24 1,437.81 1,307.66 1,139.8 ' 2,678.04 900.7 2,338.51 2, 285. 36 3.8 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.6 (43,491)' I (1,058.5) (2.4) 6.6 38,009.96 6.7 i 32,688.49 5.8 i 37,281.64 ll.i,282 I 4,283.71 7,301.91 (119,206) (3,099.0) 3,294 122.39 208.63 (3.311) j (86.1) (2.6) 6.3 107,980.09 1 ['■' Average . 241,855 ' 14,977.13 245,779) I (6,095.7) 1 [244,.>43]i [9,082.11] [3.7] 3.455 1 213.96 (3,462)1 (85.9) [3,444] [127.92] (2.5) 6.2 226,877.87 ".'.'.!'. "3,' 24i.' 04 Third subperiod: No.l No. 3. No. 5. Total j Average i .Subi>eriodsl,2,and 3: Total . . 36,379 1,590.02 2,678.22 4.4 I (:39,656) (1,179.0) j (3.0) 31,920 I 1,362.21 2,199.61 4.3 ' .. (34.8)2) 921.6 ' (2.6) 3.1,979 I 1,484.07 1,001.6 2.575.67 4.1 3.0 7.4 ' 33,700.78 '6.'9'j'29,'726.'39 '7.2' '33,'463.'33 104,278 I 4,436.30 (110,477) (3,192.2) 3,0(57 I 130.48 1 (3,069) I (88.7) 7, 4.')o. 50 '■2i9.'22 4.3 (2.9) 7. 1 I 9(i, 824. 50 '.'.'.!!| 2,'847.'78 .\verage 346,133 {I (3.56,256 I [:i4«,82l] '[13,518.41] 3, 328 Fourth .subperiod: No. 1 No. 3 No. 5 (3,329) [3,322] 47,975 42,484 46, 436 [128. 75] 6.0 6.0 6.0 18.0 36.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 17.5 '22, 430. 63 ' . . . . (9,287.9)1 I (2.6) j [3.9] .... 21.5.68 1.... (86.8) ;.... 6.5 323,702.37 53.5 2, 322. .')6 1,874.93 2,001.99 1.330.0 3,652.56 1.051.1 2,926.03 1,248.0 :i,249.99 4.8 4.4 4.3 2.8 2.5 2.7 Total A verage . . . e •1 ■1 •1 1:56,S95 3, 2.')9 6, 199.4H 147. 61 3,629.1 9,S2S..58 86.4 1 -Z^Ol 4.5 2.7 7.2 127,06C>.42 3,024.99 21.0 p:ntirepreHervati\ perifxl : 4Ki,(nH (493,1.511 [48.5,716] 3. 308 (3,310) [3,:«>4j 32,2.59.21 6.7 450,768.79 74.5 Total (12,917.0) (2.6) [19,717.89] [4.11 ■■■::::;;::i:: 220.95 3,087.05 Average... ■■■■[i34.i4j (80.7) 1 ::::::: :::::::i:::::::::::i::::::. 1 AfUr jieriotl. 27,023 (30,321) 29, (Wl 30.540 l,0 618. .516 606.125 (9.5) 14.6 5,110.083 '667.881' 424 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXV. — Solids balances for Series I — Continued. No. S. Period and date. 1 In food. 8 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2-^■3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 Grams. 543.5 595.6 591.6 591.2 616.3 675.8 Grams. 21.8 27.4 (a) 40.7 26.1 23.4 Grams. 55.418 55. 964 70. 223 72. 118 |l28. 600 Grams. 77.218 83. 364 70. 223 112. 818 178.100 Per ct. 4.0 4.6 ""6.'9' 8.8 Per ct. 10.2 9.4 11.9 12.2 10.0 Per ct. 14.2 14.0 11.9 19.1 13.8 Grams. 466. 282 512. 236 621. 377 478. 382 Grams. 17 18 19 20 21 1,114.000 ! Total 3, 614. 602.3 139.4 23.2 382. 323 63. 720 521. 723 86. 920 3.9 10.6 14.4 3,092.277 615. 380 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 24 25 26 617.7 636.5 650.0 590.0 649.0 42.4 28.8 26.8 26.8 28.8 68. 610 65. 608 72. 525 .57. 892 58. 464 111. 010 94. 408 99. 326 84. 692 87. 264 6.9 4.6 4.1 4.6 4.4 11.1 10.3 11.2 9.8 9.0 18.0 14.8 15.3 14.4 13.4 506.690 642. 092 5.50. 675 505. 308 561. 736 Total 3,143.2 628.6 153.6 30.7 — 323. 099 64. 620 476. 699 95. 320 4.9 10.3 16.2 2,666.501 533. 280 5 Average Second subperiod : 1902— Dec. 27 28 .29 30 612.0 677.0 638.0 653.0 32.8 43.5 29.7 22.3 61. 530 56. 870 59. 920 65. 590 94. 330 100. 370 89. 620 87. 890 6.4 6.4 4.7 3.4 10.1 8.4 9.4 10.0 16.4 14.8 14.0 13.6 517. 670 676.630 548.380 566. 110 2 2 -2 2 Total 2,580.0 645.0 128.3 32.1 243. 910 60. 978 372.210 93.078 6.0 9.6 14.4 2, 207. 790 561. 922 g Average Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 1903— Jan. 1 2 3 649.0 659.0 671.0 531.0 34.6 34.8 20.7 35.5 70.942 50. 240 69. 920 50.442 105. 542 85. 040 90. 620 85. 942 6.3 5.3 3.1 6.7 10.9 7.6 10.4 9.6 16.3 12.9 13.6 16.2 643. 468 573. 960 580.380 445. 058 3 3 3 3 Total 2, 510. 627.5 125. 6 31.4 241.544 60. 386 367. 144 91. 786 5.0 9.6 14.6 2, 142. 856 536. 714 12 Average Entire preservative period: Total 8, 233. 2 633.3 407.5 31.3 808.553 62.196 1,216.053 93.642 4.9 9.8 14.6 7, 017. 147 639. 758 25 Average After period. 190»--Jan. 4 •.. 520.0 652.0 570.0 671.0 604.0 656.0 6'93. 737.6 731.0 775.0 14.1 27.5 81.1 18.5 82.9 26.3 80.7 60.9 26.6 31.6 55.844 52. 273 64. 302 65. 640 58. 190 61.232 64. 943 '61.405 65. 833 81.402 69.944 79. 773 96. 402 84. 140 91. 090 87.632 96. 643 112. 305 82. 333 113. 002 2.7 6.0 5.5 2.8 5.4 4.0 4.4 6.9 3.6 4.1 10.7 9.5 11.3 9.8 9.6 9.3 9.4 8.3 7.6 10.6 13.4 14.6 16.7 12.5 15.1 13.3 13.8 15.2 11.3 14.6 460.056 472.227 474. 598 586. 860 612. 910 568. 468 697. 357 625. 195 648. 667 661. 998 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 6,509.5 651.0 290.1 29.0 621. 064 62. 106 911.164 91. 106 4.6 9.6 14.0 6,698.336 669. 884 Average a No movement. BORTC ACID AND BORAX. Table LXXXV.— .S'o//f/,s halancef^ for Series /—Continued. No. 3. 425 •■ 1 1 Period and date. ' , ., In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 6 7 In In ^VnT feces urine ^^j^, (2^1) (o-i-) (44-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 17 18 19 20 21 Grams. 671.8 661.4 674.1 645. 7 744.5 622. 7 Grains. 23.6 38..-> 18.4 11.9 28. 2 8.0 Gram.t. 55. 800 43.465 t 54. 182 71. 308 ■115. 570 Gram.'i. 79. 400 81.965 72. 582 83. 208 151.770 Per ct. 3.5 5.8 2.7 1.1 2.6 Per ct. 8.3 6.6 8.0 11.0 8.5 Per ct. 11.8 12.4 10.8 12.9 11.1 Grams. 592. 400 ,579.435 601.518 562. 592 1,215.430 Trams. Total Average 4, 020. 2 670.0 128.6 I 340.325 21.4 I 56.721 468.925 78. 154 3.2 8.5 11.7 3, 551. 375 591.846 Preservative period. First subperidd: [ 1902— Dec. 22 , 23 24 1 •25 1 26 1 60.3.8 689.0 650.0 607.0 596.0 1 43.6 23.3 19.4 10. 6 24.0 61.370 46.814 67. 940 65. 508 55. 791 104.970 70. 114 87. 340 76. 108 79. 791 7.2 3.4 3.0 1.7 4.0 10.2 6.8 10.5 10.8 9.4 17.4 10.2 13.4 12.5 13.4 498. 830 618. 886 562. 660 630. 892 516.209 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average ; 3, 145. 8 629.2 120. 9 24. 2 297.423 1 418.323 .59.485 1 83.665 3.8 9.5 13.3 2,727.477 546.535 5.0 Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 29 30 652. 636.0 639.0 627.0 27.5 26.9 24.4 12.1 52.170 V9.670 54.544 81.444 53. 136 77. 536 53. 100 65. 200 4.2 4.2 3.8 1.9 8.0 8.6 8.3 8.5 12.2 12.8 12.1 10.4 572. 330 554. 556 561.464 661.800 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total 2,554.0 638.4 90.9 22. 7 212.950 303.850 53.238 ' 7.5.962 3.6 8.3 11.9 2,250.150 562. 438 8.0 Average Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 190:J— Jan. 1 2 3 674.0 536. 391.0 494.0 41.2 21.3 12.8 19.3 61.870 , 103.070 72.622 93.922 48.600 , 61.400 43.660 ! 62.960 6.1 4.0 3.3 3.9 9.2 13.5 12.4 8.8 15.3 17.5 15.7 12.7 670.930 442. 078 329. 600 431. 040 3.0 7.0 2.0 2.5 Total 2, 095. 523.8 94.6 23.6 226.7.52 321.352 .%.688 ; 80.338 4.5 10.8 15.3 1 1,773.648 14.5 Average Entire preservative period: Total Average 7,794.8 .599.6 306.4 23.6 737. 125 56. 302 1,043.525 80.302 3.9 9.5 13.4 6,751.275 519. 298 27.5 After period. 1903— Jan. 4 • 588.0 548.0 640.0 668.0 660.0 613.0 665.0 722.0 693. 749. 28.2 9.7 13.5 37.7 22.0 19.8 33. 3 16.3 26.1 1 8.2 44.805 .51.744 58. 800 62. 564 73.005 61.444 72. 300 100. 2(;4 4.8 1.8 2.1 5.6 3.3 3.2 5.0 2.3 3.8 1.1 7.0 9. 1 9.2 9.4 8.3 9.5 8.3 8.1 9.1 8.4 12.4 11.2 11.3 15.0 11.6 12.8 13.3 10.4 12.9 9.5 514. 996 486. 556 667. 700 667. 736 583. 220 .534. 830 576. 540 647.226 603. 778 077.982 H .54.7X0 i 76.7M0 58.370 i 7H. 170 5.5.160 8H.460 68.474 74.774 63.122 89.222 62.818 71.018 9 JO 11 12 13 Total AveraKC 0,546.0 214.8 570.637 785.437 654.6 1 21.5 57.064 78.544 3.3 8.7 12.0 5,760.563 i 576.056 426 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXV. — Solids balances for Series /^Continued. 3sro. 4. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 Orams. 607.5 (642.1) 586.4 561.1 586.2 430.3 Grams. 16.4 Lost. 23.8 23.9 20.9 34.6 Grams. 56. 828 (60.532) 61. 682 60. 094 }ll6. 425 Grams. 73. 228 Per ct. 2.7 Per ct. 9.4 (9.4) 10.6 10.7 11.6 Per ct. 12.1 Grams. 534. 272 Grams. 18 19 20 21 86. 482 83. 994 171. 826 4.1 4.3 5.5 14.6 16.0 16.9 500.918 477. 106 844. 675 Total 1 Average I 2,771.5 (3,413.6) 554.3 (568. 9) 119.5 414. 529 4.3 ■(io.'i) 16.0 2,366.971 (365. 561) 23.9 82. 906 471. 394 (59.260) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 24 25 26 543.0 584.0 548.0 480.0 611.0 18.6 31.1 17.6 21.9 39.1 64.948 68. 963 66. 660 72. 224 61. 764 83.448 100. 053 84. 150 94. 124 100.854 3.4 5.3 3.2 4.6 6.4 12.0 11.8 12.1 16.0 10.1 16.4 17.1 15.4 19.6 16.5 469. 552 483. 947 463. 850 386. 876 610. 146 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 2, 766. 553.2 128.2 334.429 ! 462.629 4.6 12.1 16.7 2, 303. 371 460. 714 5.0 Average 25.6 66. 886 92 486 Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 29 30 573.0 582.0 576.0 576.0 25.3 28.7 28.9 26.9 59.058 61. 722 59. 690 67.848 84. 358 90. 422 88. 690 84. 748 4.4 4.9 5.0 4.7 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.0 14.7 15.5 15.4 14.7 488. 642 491. 578 487. 410 491.252 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Total :. Average 2,307.0 576.8 109.8 ■ 238.318 27.4 • 59.580 348. 118 86. 980 4.8 10.3 15.1 1,968.882 489. 820 8.0 Third subperiod: 1902— Dec. 31 1903— Jan. 1 2 3 591.0 376.0 494.0 470.5 31.9 16.3 26.2 18.2 69.828 49. 112 54. 184 46. 260 101. 728 65. 412 79. 384 64.460 5.4 4.3 5.1 3.9 11.8 13.1 11.0 9.8 17.2 17.4 16.1 13.7 489. 272 310. 688 414. 616 406. 040 3.0 1.0 3.0 2.6 Total 1, 931. 5 482.9 91.6 22.9 219. 384 54. 846 310.984 1 4.7 11.4 16.1 1, 620. 516 406. 164 9.5 Average 77. 746 Entire preservative period: Total 7, 004. 5 538.8 329.6 26.4 792. 131 60.933 1,121.731 86.287 4.7 11.3 16.0 5, 882. 769 462. 513 22.5 Average 13.4 10.6 10.6 10.1 9.8 8.7 8.7 6.8 9.4 7.3 After period. 1903— Jan. 4 321.0 438. 452.0 529.0 520.0 538.0 532.0 654.0 615. 659.0 25.1 20.2 22.9 26.7 28.9 33.8 17.7 20.4 46.8 62.2 42. 910 45. 800 47. 725 53. 580 50. 770 46. 785 46. 235 44.269 68. 077 48. 225 68.010 66. 000 70. 626 80.280 79. 670 80. 585 63. 936 64. 669 104. 877 100. 425 7.8 4.6 5.1 6.0 5.6 6.3 3.3 3.1 7.6 7.9 21.2 16.1 15.6 15.2 15.3 15.0 12.0 9.9 17.1 15.2 252. 990 372. 000 381. 376 448. 720 440. 330 457. 415 468. 065 589. 331 510. 123 558. 576 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 1 Total Average 5,258.0 525.8 294.7 29.5 484.376 48. 438 779. 076 77. 938 5.6 9.2 14.8 4,478.924 447.862 BOKIC ACID AND BORAX. 427 Table LXXXV. — Solids balances for Series I — Continued. JSTo. 5. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (24-1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 9 Boric Balance. %^i'^ (1-4^ Imlnis- , tered. Fore period. 1902— Dec. 16 Grams. .578. 6 .562. 2 .581.4 .574. 8 607.9 644.9 Gravis. 16.3 23.7 26.6 33.5 23.5 40.3 Grams. Grams. 48. 745 K5. 045 Per ct. 2.8 4.2 4.6 5.8 5.1 Per ct. 8.4 9.0 9.5 ^9.8 9.2 Per ct. 11.2 13.2 14.1 15.7 14.3 Grams. Grams. 513. 555 17 18 19 20 21 50. 670 55. 375 56.580 |ll4.752 74. 370 81.975 90. 080 178.552 487. 830 499. 425 484. 720 1,074.248 Total 3,549.8 163.9 326.122 490. 022 4 fi 9.2 13.8 ^ 059 778 Average .591.6 27.3 1 .54.354 81. 6.54 509. 946 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1902— Dec. 22 23 24 25 26 .5.54.8 649.0 635.0 600.0 637.0 29. 4 .55. 742 32. 8 63. 287 25. 6 57. 058 30.6 54.178 21.4 [ 57.678 85. 142 96.087 82.658 84. 778 79. 078 6.3 5.1 4.0 5.1 3.4 10.0 9.8 9.0 9.0 9.1 15.3 14.8 13.0 14.1 12.4 469. 658 552. 913 552. 342 516. 222 557. 922 1 1 1 1 1 Total 3,075.8 615.2 139.8 287.943 28. 57. .589 427. 743 «5. .589 4.5 9.4 13. 9 ' 2 648 0.57 5 Average .529. 611 j Second subperiod: 1902— Dec. 27 28 29 30 677.0 660.0 648.0 667.0 3.3.2 39.5 29.8 34.0 55. 680 55. 8.58 69. 980 55.000 88. 880 9.5.3.58 99. 780 89.000 4.9 6.0 4.6 5.1 8.2 8.5 10.8 8.2 13.1 1 588.120 14.4 ! 564.642 16. 4 548. 220 13. 3 578. 000 2 2 2 2 Total 2,6.52.0 663.0 136. 5 34.1 236. .518 59. 130 373.018 1 5.1 8.9 14.1 ' 2.278.982 i 8 Average 93. 230 669.770 : Third subj^eriod: 1902— Dec. 31 1903— Jan. 1 2 d.'.'.'.'.'.. .597. 716.0 570.0 585. .54.5 37.7 33.3 33.8 70. 920 51. 381 57. 084 58. 407 125. 420 89. 081 90. 384 92. 207 9.1 5.3 5.8 5.8 11.9 7.2 10.0 10.0 21.0 i 471. .5S0 3 12.4 1 626.919 3 15.9 479.616 3 15.8 ! 492.793 3 Total Average 2, 468. 617.0 159. 3 1 237. 792 39.8 1 59.448 397. 092 99. 248 6.5 9.6 16.1 2,070.908 , 12 517.7.52 Entire preservative period: Total 8,19.5.8 43.5.6 ' 762.253 1,197.853 5.3 9.3 14.6 6, 997. 947 538. 257 25 .\verage 6:i0.4 1 33.5 .58.635 92.143 After period. 190:j_jan.4 644.0 591.5 634.0 642.0 .584.0 fKK.O 612.0 ftl5. .573. 5 613. 23.9 50.5 49.4 24.6 38.6 22.6 .56. .566 80. 466 54.614 10.5.114 58. 177 107. .577 56.640 81.240 64..53X 93.13H 55.278 77.878 3.7 8.5 7.8 3.8 6.6 3.8 4.5 .5.1 4.2 3.8 8.8 9.2 9.2 8.8 9.3 9.2 9.7 8.6 9.3 10.4 12. 5 17.8 17.0 12.7 16.9 12. 9 14.2 13.7 13. 1 14.2 .563. 634 48(i. 386 .526. 423 .560. 760 490. 862 .524. 122 .521.870 5.56. 100 1%. 122 .525. 997 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 27. 7 .59. 430 33. 1 55. .500 24. .53. 078 23.5 i 63.503 87. 130 88. 600 77.078 87. 003 Total Average 6,141.0 , 317.9 614. 1 : a77 12 Average 490. 644 Entire preservative period: Total 1 6,758.3 (7,314.3) 563.2 (562.6) 301.3 891.588 4.5 "(8.' 8) 13.2 6, 866. 712 25 (644. 784) Average | 25. 1 74. 299 488. 901 (49. 599) After period. 903— Jan. 4 567.0 540.0 535.5 599.0 569.0 639.0 615.0 610.0 541.5 677.5 23.7 26.3 29.8 27.3 49.9 («) 32.8 17.8 20.5 24.0 69. 864 46. 944 50. 080 61. 080 40. 572 56. 410 42. 078 55. 770 37. 465 41.318 93. 664 72. 244 79. 880 88. 380 90.472 56. 410 74. 878 73. 570 57. 966 66. 318 4.2 4.9 6.6 4.5 8.8 ""h'.z 2.9 3.8 3.6 12.3 8.5 9.4 10.2 7.1 8.8 6.8 9.1 6.9 6.1 16.5 13.4 14.9 14.8 15.9 8.8 12.2 12.1 10.7 9.6 473.436 467. 756 455. 620 510. 620 478. 528 582. 590 540. 122 536. 430 483. 536 612. 182 6 8 9 10.. 11 12 13 Total . . . 5,893.5 589.4 252.1 25.2 500. 581 50. 058 752. 681 75.258 4.3 8.5 12.8 6, 140. 819 514. 142 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 429 Table LXXXVl.—Sum mar II of solids balances for Series I. Six jnen. 430 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXVII. — Solids balances for Series II. ]Sro. v. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric- acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903 Jan 19 Grams. (585) (660) 525 583 649 - 607 667 596 622 Grams. («) («) 36.8 31.7 32.2 18.2 40.2 25.7 28.7 Grams. (68.870) (56.012) 67. 954 63. 504 87. 909 73. 540 81. 900 59. 170 63. 504 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (11.8) (8.5) 12.9 10.9 13.5 12.1 12.3 9.9 10.2 Per ct. Grams. Grams.- 20 21 104. 754 96. 204 120. 109 91. 740 122. 100 84. 870 92. 204 7.0 5.;i 5.0 3.0 6.0 4.3 4.6 20.0 16.3 18.5 15.1 18.3 14.2 14.8 420. 246 22 487.796 23 528.891 ! . 24 515.260 644. 900 511.130 529. 796 25 26 27 Total 1 Average i 4,249 (5, 494) 607 (610) 213.5 710. 954 5.0 "(ii-3) 16.7 3,538.019 (622.363) 30.5 101.563 505.437 (69.151) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 29 30 31 654 644 581 674 66.3 17.5 31.4 64.0 69. 237 60. 490 66. 217 66. 498 136. 537 67. 990 97. 617 130. 498 10.1 2.7 5.4 11.1 10.6 7.8 11.4 11.6 20.7 10.6 16.8 22.7 518.463 676.010 483. 383 443. 502 1 1 1 1 Total 2,453 613 179.2 44.8 252. 442 63.111 431. 642 107.911 7.3 10.3 17.6 2,021.368 505. 089 4 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Feb.l 2 3 4 654 587 608 617 59.3 26.7 25.5 68. 700 67. 394 61. 880 68. 308 68. 700 126. 694 88. 580 93. 808 '"io.'i" 4.4 4.1 10.5 11.5 10.2 11.1 10.5 21.6 14.6 15.2 585. 300 460. 306 619. 420 523. 192 2 2 2 2 Total 2,466 616 111.5 97 9 266. 282 66 571 377. 782 94 446 4.5 10.8 15.3 2,088.218 521. 554 8 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 4,919 615 290.7 36.3 518. 724 64.841 809. 424 101.178 5.9 10.5 16.6 4, 109. 576 513. 822 12 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. 5 6 7 8 610 594 646 620 S3. 3 30. 2 40.9 33.2 53. 676 60. 303 75. 768 56. 057 86. 975 90. 503 116. 668 89. 257 5.5 5.1 6.3 5.4 8.8 10.2 11.7 9.0 14.3 15.2 18.1 14.4 523. 025 503. 497 529. 332 630. 743 3 3 3 3 Total 2,470 618 137.6 34.4 245. 803 61.451 383. 403 96. 851 6.6 10.0 16.5 2 086 697 1 r> Average '522.149 Subperiodsl,2,and3: Total 7,389 616 428.3 35.7 764. 527 63. 711 1,192.827 99.402 5.8 10.3 16.1 6,196.173 i 24 516.598 ' Average "Not collected. 6 No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 431 Table LXXXVII. — Solids balances fur Series //^Continued. ISTo. lO, Period and date. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2H-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4 + 1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (604) (807) 728 735 7.52 780 738 737 699 Grams. (°) («) 20.2 29.4 33.4 31.5 40.2 50.8 26.8 Grams. (73.930) (58. 890) 67. 662' 65. 800 56. 308 68. 480 68. 522 58.568 62. 720 Gravis. Per ct. Per ct. (12.2) (7.3) 9.3 9.0 7.5 8.8 9.3 7.9 9.0 Per ct. Grams. Grams, •JO 21 87. 862 95. 200 89. 708 99. 980 108. 722 109. 368 89. 520 2.8 4.0 4.4 4.0 5.4 6.9 3.8 12.1 13.0 1L9 12.8 14.7 14.8 12.8 640. 138 639. SCO 662. 292 680. 020 629. 278 627. 632 609.480 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 1 5, 169 (6,580) 738 (731) 232. 3 680. 360 4.5 ""(8.8) 13.2 4, 488. 640 (580.880) Average ■! 33.2 97.209 640. 791 (64.-542) Preservative period. First .subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 29 759 (779) 763 ("00 J 29.0 Lost. 25.6 Lost. 70.248 (61.585) 66.980 (73.380) 99. 248 3.8 9.3 (7.9) 8.8 (10.5) 13.1 659. 752 1 1 30 31 92.58t) 3.4 12.1 670. 420 1 I Total 1 Average | 1,.522 (3,001) 761 (750) 54.6 (272.'i93) 191.828 3.6 "(9.'i) 12.6 1,330.172 4 27.3 95. 914 665. 086 (68.048) Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 2 3 4 803 729 646 713 62. 5 22.8 38.5 48.5 83.918 57.630 82. 230 69. 660 146.418 80.430 120. 730 118.160 7.8 3.1 6.0 6.8 10.5 7.9 12.7 9.8 18.2 11.0 18.7 16.6 656. 582 648. 670 625. 270 594. 840 2 2 2 2 Total Average 2,891 723 172.3 43.1 293. 438 73.359 465. 738 116.460 6.0 10.2 16.1 2, 425. 262 606. 540 8 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 4,413 (5,892) 736 (736) 226. 9 37.8' (.565.'63i} 6.57. 566 5.1 ■■(9.'6) 14.9 3, 765. 434 12 Average | 109. 578 626. 422 (70.704) ■■;;:: :i;:;:::: Third subperiod: 1903— Feb. .-. 8 741 701 723 736 54. 5 54.5 (ft) 81.404 70.050 71.270 08. 4.50 135.904 70. 050 125. 770 68. 450 7.4 "■■7.'5' 11.0 10.0 9.9 9.3 18.3 10.0 17.4 • 9.3 605. 096 630. 9.50 597. 230 667. .550 3 3 3 3 Total 2,901 725 109.0 27.2 291.174 72. 793 400. 174 99.993 3.8 10.0 13.8 2,500.826 625. 006 12 Subperifjds 1,2, and 3: Total \ 7,314 (8,793) 731 (733) 335.9 (8.56.' 80.5 ) 1,057.740 4.G "(9.'7) 14.5 6, 256. 260 24 1 33. 6 105.774 626.226 Average < (71.400) 1 a Not collected. b Mo movement. 432 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXVIl. — Solids balances for Series //^Continued. ISTo. 13. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Jan. 19 Grams. (693) (718) 666 741 726 759 815 703 750 Grams. («) (« 23.4 28.3 32.9 30.0 57.1 17.0 Grams. (59. 130) (61.990) 73. 762 63. 929 58. 800 69. 815 58. 648 68.490 42. 670 Grams. Per ct. Per ct. (8.6) (8.6) 11.1 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.2 8.3 5.7 Per ct. Grams. Grams. 20 21 22 97.162 82. 229 91. 700 59. 815 88. 648 115. 590 59. 670 3.5 3.8 4.5 ""3.'7' 8.1 2.3 14.6 11.1 12.6 7.9 10.9 16.4 8.0 568. 838 658. 771 634. 300 699. 185 726. 352 587. 410 690. 330 23 24 25 26 27 f 5,160 (6,571) 737 (730) 188.7 594. 814 3.7 "(8." 6) 11.5 4,565.186 Total i (527. 234) j 26.9 84. 916 652.084 (58.582) ^ Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Jan. 28 29 30 31 722 762 682 677 27.9 27.6 26.0 42.7 63. 919 71. 102 71. 000 62. 019 91. 819 98.702 97. 000 104. 719 3.9 3.7 3.8 6.3 8.9 9.5 10.4 9.2 12.7 13.1 14.2 15.5 630. 181 653. 298 685. OUO 572.281 1 1 1 1 Total 2,833 708 124.2 31.0 268. 040 67. 010 392. 240 98. 010 4.4 9.5 13.8 2, 440. 760 609. 990 4 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Feb. 1 2 3 4 729 625 620 534 30.1 36.2 6.0 17.5 72. 220 77. 550 65. 040 65. 094 102. 320 113. 750 71.040 82. 594 4.1 5.8 1.2 3.3 9.9 12.4 12.6 12.2 14.0 18.2 13.7 15.5 626. 680 611. 260 448. 960 451.406 2 2 2 2 Total 2,408 602 89.8 22.4 279. 904 69. 976 369. 704 92. 376 3.7 11.6 15.4 2, 038. 296 509. 624 s Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 6,241 655 214.0 26.8 547. 944 68. 493 761. 944 95. 293 4.1 10.6 14.5 4,479.066 669.707 12 Average Third .subperiod: 1903— Feb.5 6 7 8 604 855 233 187 27.5 10.7 23.0 23.2 66. 241 61. 579 38. 586 49. 095 93.741 72. 279 61. 586 72.295 4.6 3.0 9.9 11.0 17.3 16.6 15.5 20.4 26.4 610. 259 282. 721 171.414 114. 706 3 Total 1,379 345 84.4 21.1 216. 501 53.875 299. 901 74.975 6.1 15.6 21.7 1, 079. 099 270. 025 3 Average Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total . . . 6,620 552 298.4 24.9 763. 445 63. 620 1,061.846 88.620 4.6 11.5 16.0 5,558.155 463.480 15 Average a Not collected. 6 No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 433 Table LXXXVIII. — Sminnai'!/ of solids balances for Series II. Twt) men.. Period. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-hl) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Chram&. 4. 249 Gr,ams. 213.5 Grams. Grams. 710. 981 Per ct. 5.0 Per ct. "(ii.'s) "(8.'8) Per ct. 16.7 Grams. 3, 538. 019 Grams. } } ^'•■' {; (6;494) ^"■^« {i ^.^^ (622. 363; 232. 3 680. 360 4 s 13.2 4, 488. 640 (580.880) Total 1 9,418 (12,074) 673 (671) 445.8 1, 391. 341 4. 7 "(io.'o) 14.8 8,026.659 (1,203.243) Average | 31.8 99. 339 573.661 (66.847) Preservative period. Pirst subperiod: No. 7 2, 4.53 1,.522 (3,001) 179. 2 54.6 252. 442 431. 642 191. 828 7.3 3.6 10.3 "(9.i) 17.6 12.6 2,021.358 1, 330. 172 4 1 ' No 10 ' (272. 193) Total I 3, 975 (•^4.54) 662 (682) 233. 8 "(524.' 635) 623. 470 " 103.' 945' 5.9 "(9.' 6) 15.7 3,351.630 8 Average ' 39.0 558. 055 (65.579) Second .subperiod: No. 7 2,466 2, 891 111.5 172 3 266. 282 377. 782 465. 738 4.5 6.0 10.8 10.2 15.3 16.1 2, 088, 218 2,425.262 8 8 No. 10 Total A verage 5, 357 670 283.8 559.720 3.5.6 69.965 843. 520 105. 465 5.3 10.4 15.7 4,513.480 564. 535 16 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 1 9, 332 (10,811) 667 (676) 517.6 1,466.990 "ioi'sii' 5.5 "(io.'o) 15.7 7,865.010 24 (1,084.355) Average | 37.0 562.186 (67. 772) Third subperiod: No.7... No. 10 2,470 2, 901 137.6 109.0 245.803 291. 174 383. 403 400. 174 5.6 3.8 10.0 10.0 15.5 13.8 2,086.697 2, 500. 82(i 12 12 Total Average 5, 371 671 246. 6 30.8 536.977 67. 122 783.577 97.922 4.6 10.0 14.6 4,587.423 573. 078 24 Subperiod.'il,2,and3: Total 1 14,703 (16.182) 764. 2 2, 250. 567 5.2 ■(io.'o) 15.3 12, 452. 433 48 (1,621.332) ^^'*^'-'*»« ( r674V 34.7 102. 262 565, 738 (67. 556) 1 4242— No. 84, pt 1— U4- -28 434 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table LXXXVIII. — Summary of solids balances for Series II — Continued. Three iTien. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2 + 3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4H-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad-4. minis- tered. Fore period. No.7 1 No.lO 1 No. 12 j Grams. 4,249 (5,494) 5,169 (6,580) 5, 160 (6,571) Grams. 213.5 Grams. Grams. 710. 981 Per a. 5.0 Per ct. "(ii'3) ■"(8.'8) "(8."6) Per ct. 16.7 Grams, 3,538.019 Gravis. \ \ ( (622.363) 232. 3 680. 360 4.5 13.2 4, 488. 640 (580. 880) 188.7 594. 814 3.7 11.5 4,565.186 ) (527. 234) / Total......../ Average \ 14, .578 (18,645) 694 (691) 634.5 1,986.155 4.4 "■(9."3) 13.6 12,591.845 (1,730.477) '"(64." 092) 30. 2 94. 565 599.435 Preservative period. First subperiod: No.7 2,453 1, 522 (3,001) 2,833 179.2 54.6 252. 442 431.642 191.828 7.3 3.6 10.3 ■"(9."i) 9.5 17.6 12.6 2,021.358 1,330.172 4 No.lO / No. 12 . } * 4 (272. 193) 268. 040 124. 2 392. 240 4.4 13.8 2,440.760 Total / Average / 6,808 (8,287) 681 (691) 358.0 1,015.710 5.3 "■(9.'6) 14.9 5, 792. 290 12 (792.675) 35.8 101. 571 579. 429 (66.056) Second subperiod: No.7 2,466 2,891 2,408 111.5 172.3 89.8 266. 282 293. 438 279. 904 377. 782 465. 738 369. 704 4.5 6.0 3.7 10.8 10.2 11.6 15.3 16.1 15.4 2,088.218 2,425.262 2,038.296 8 8 No. 12 8 Total 7, 765 647 373.6 31.1 839. 624 69. 969 1,213.224 101. 069 4.8 10.8 15.6 6,551.776 545.931 24 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total / 14,573 (16,052) 662 (669) 731.6 2, 228. 934 5.0 ■(i6.'2J 1.5.3 12,344.066 .36 (1, 632. 299) 1 Average \ 33.3 101. 361 560. 639 (68.012) Third subperiod: No.7 2,470 2,901 1,379 137.6 109.0 84.4 245. 803 291. 174 215. 501 383. 403 400. 174 299. 901 5.6 8.8 6.1 10.0 10.0 15.6 15.5 13.8 21.7 2, 086. 597 2,500.826 1,079.099 12 No.lO 12' No. 12 3 Total 6,750 562 331.0 27.6 752. 478 62. 706 1, 083. 478 90. 306 4.9 11.1 16.1 5,666.522 471. 694 27 Average Subperiods 1 ,2, and 3: Total 1 21,323 (22,802) 627 (633) 1,062.6 3,312.412 5.0 ■(io.'5) 15.5 18,010.588 63 (2, 384. 777) Average | 31.3 97.471 629, 529 (66.244) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 435 Table LXXXIX. — s'«//(/.s hnJancex for Series TIL ]sro. 1. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 1 In feces. 3 [n urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-hl) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Feb. 19 Grams. 654 688 583 688 629 610 649 592 643 Grams. 42.2 33.3 21.1 30.5 25.5 27.7 17.5 32.0 52.5 Grams. 70. 766 64. 482 63. 284 71. 795 61.015 67. 738 60. 873 63. 210 62. 955 Grams. 112. 966 97. 782 84. 384 102. 295 86. 515 95. 438 78. 373 95.210 115. 455 Per ct. 6.5 4.8 3.6 4.4 4.1 4.5 2.7 6.4 8.2 Per ct. 10.8 9.4 10.9 10.5 9.7 11.1 9.4 10.7 9.8 Per ct. 17.3 14.2 14.5 14.9 13.8 15.6 12.1 16.1 18.0 Gram^. 541.034 590. 218 498. 616 585. 705 542.485 514. 562 570.627 496. 790 .527.545 Gravis. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Total 5,736 637 282. 3 31.4 586.118 65.124 868. 418 %.491 4.9 10.2 15.1 4,867.582 540. 509 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 ■ 656 676 591 618 13.4 56.0 34.3 29.5 66. 493 67.478 62. 240 62. 578 79.893 123. 488 96.540 92.078 2.1 8.3 5.8 4.8 10.1 10.0 10.5 10.1 12.2 18.3 16.3 14.9 576. 107 552. 512 494. 460 525. 922 1 . 1 1 1 Total 2, .541 635 133. 2 33.3 258. 789 64.697 391. 989 97.997 5.2 10.2 15.4 2,149.011 537. 003 4 Average Second subperiod: 1903-Mar. 4 6 6 7 686 579 692 660 23.2 36.7 33.0 18.8 67. 265 61. 622 58.437 62. 798 90. 465 98. 322 91. 437 81. 598 3.4 6.3 4.8 2.9 9.8 10.7 8.4 9.5 13.2 17.0 13.2 12.4 595. 535 480. 678 600.563 578.402 4 4 2 2 Total 2,617 6.54 111.7 27.9 250. 122 62. 530 361.822 90. 455 4.3 9.5 13.8 2,2.55.178 563. 545 12 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 557 678 691 538 26.8 24.0 37.0 9.5 65.003 58.937 62.475 62. 847 91.803 82. 937 99. 475 72.347 4.8 3.5 5.4 1.8 11.7 8.7 9.0 11.6 16.5 12.2 14.4 13.4 465. 197 595. 063 591. 525 465. 653 3 2 5 2 Total 2, 464 616 97.3 24.3 249. 262 62. 316 346.562 86.641 4.0 10.1 14.1 2,117.438 529.359 10 Average Entire preservative perifjeriocf: Total Average 8,499 708 After period. -Mar. 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 477.6 058 802 774 799 803 799 814 Grams. 17.3 9.0 14.5 66.1 36.0 14.2 24.2 52.8 9.0 Toul . . . . Average . 5,926.6 740.8 73. 402 82. 134 76. 134 80.042 78. 045 76. 354 78. 326 89. 545 85. 358 In feces and urine. (2+3) Grams. Grams. Per ct. Per ct 90.702 91. 134 90.634 146. U2 114.045 90.554 162. 526 142. 345 94.358 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 2.5 1.2 1.9 6.0 5. 2 1.9 3.0 8.0 1.2 10.8 10.8 10.2 7.1 11.3 10.3 9.7 13.5 11.2 In feces and urine. (4-1) Per ct. 13.4 12.0 12. 1 13.0 16.5 12.2 12.7 21.5 12.4 Balance. (1-4) 243.1 27.0 45.5 3.5 33.0 51.1 719.340 79. 927 962. 440 106.938 76. 440 78.312 76.009 77. 518 121. 940 81.812 109.009 128. 618 10.3 13.8 Grams. 588.298 670. 866 656.366 978. 858 578. 9.5.-> 653. 446 702. 474 518. 655 669. 642 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Grants. 6, 017. .^60 669. 062 133.1 33.0 30.0 20.8 47.5 27.3 125.6 31.4 23.7 6.2 13.9 5.5 49.3 12.3 308.0 2.5.7 308. 279 77. 070 441.379 110.345 81. 722 80. 659 73.843 75. 455 111.722 101.459 121. 343 102. 755 311.679 77. 920 437. 279 109. 320 5.9 9.9 15.9 .4 9.5 9.9 4.0 9.3 13.3 6.9 10.5 17.4 647.060 743. 188 707. 991 610. 382 3.7 2.7 5.9 4.1 10.2 10.3 9.2 11.3 14.0 2,708.621 I 677.655 :. 13.9 12.9 15. 2 15.5 689. 278 682. 541 677. 657 562. 245 10.2 14.3 2,611.721 652. 680 71.618 81. 364 68.544 50.774 95. 318 87.564 82.444 56. 274 3.4 1.0 272. 300 68.075 321. 600 80.400 892.258 |1,200.258 74.355 100.022 10.3 12.7 13.2 11.3 13.7 13.7 15.9 12.6 598. 682 551. 436 436. 556 391.726 11.8 14.0 1, 978. 400 494.600 3.6 I 10.5 7,298.742 607.978 46.2 28. 5 38.0 («) 25.5 40.4 7.7 28.7 21.5. 26.9 57.411 64.878 84.760 71.736 67. 782 72. 936 74. 242 69.580 103.611 93. 378 122. 760 71.736 93. 282 113.336 81. 942 98.280 563. 325 70. 416 778. 325 97.291 9.7 4.3 4.7 3.2 5.0 9.8 13.5 12.0 21.7 9.9 14.2 10.9 15.3 10.6 9.3 8.6 11.7 9.1 14.1 9.3 10.3 8.5 12.1 373. 989 564. 622 679. 240 702. 264 705.718 689. 664 717.058 715.720 3.6 9.5 13.8 6, 148. 275 643.509 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.2 3.0 27.2 a No movement. 440 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Tablk LXXXIX. — Solids balances for Series III — Continued. ISTo. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903_Feb. 19 Grams. 550 575. 5 579 670 653 660 641 611 619 Grams. (a) 11.5 63.5 28.5 («) 19.1 23.0 29.7 («) Grams. 37. 309 50. 615 48. 951 47. 662 52. 881 54. 743 56. 252 63.302 55. 860 Gravis. 37. 309 62. 115 112. 451 76. 162 62. 881 73.843 79. 252 83. 002 55.860 Per ct. ""i'.o 11.0 6.0 '"'i'g' 3.6 4.9 Per ct. 6.8 8.8 8.5 8.4 8.1 8.3 8.8 8.7 Per ct. 6.8 10.8 19.4 13.4 8.1 11.2 12.4 1:^.6 Grams. 512.691 513. 385 466. 549 Grams. 20 21 22 493.838 23 600.119 24 586. 167 ... 25 561.748 ' 26 627.998 ' 27 9.0 9.0 563. 140 1 Total 5,458.5 606.5 175.3 19.5 457. .576 60. 842 632. 875 70. 319 3.2 8.4 11.6 4, 825. 625 636. 181 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Feb. 28 Mar. 1 2 3 416 401.5 491 628 40.5 45.8 34.2 17.1 55. 801 45.942 38. 124 51.411 96. 301 91. 742 72. 324 68. 611 9.7 11.4 7.0 2.7 13.4 n.4 7.8 8.2 23.1 22.9 14.7 10.9 319.699 309. 758 418.676 559.489 1 Total 1,936.5 484 1 137.6 34.4 191.278 47.820 328.878 82. 220 7.1 9.9 17.0 1,607.622 401.880 1 Average Second subperiod: 1903— Mar. 4 6 6 7 557 567 585 652 30.6 50.6 41.3 38.9 63. 288 51.097 43. 218 59. 898 83.888 101.597 84. 618 98. 798 5.5 8.9 7.1 6.0 9.6 9.0 7.4 9.2 15.1 17.9 14.5 15.2 473. 112 465.403 500.482 553.202 1 2 Total 2,361 .590 161.3 40.3 207. 501 51.875 368. 801 92. 200 6.8 8.8 15.6 1,992.199 497.800 3 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Mar. 8 9 10 11 615 582 592 551 39.0 28.6 («) 32.5 42.838 54.091 55. 728 50. 372 81. 838 82. 691 53. 728 82. 872 6.3 4.9 ""b.Q 7.0 9.3 9.1 9.1 13.3 14.2 9.1 15.0 533. 162 499.309 538. 272 468. 128 3 3 3 3 Total 2,340 585 100.1 25.0 201. 029 60. 257 301. 129 75. 282 4.3 8.6 12.9 2, 038. 871 509. 718 12 Average Entire preservative period : Total Average 6, 637. 5 553.1 399. 33.2 599. 808 49. 988 998. 808 S3. 234 6.0 9.0 15.0 5,638.092 j 16 469. 866 ' . . . - After period. 1903— Mar. 12 13.. 14 15 16 17 18 19 595 583 659 638 849 790 589 (618) 36.0 32.0 13.2 27.4 29.6 31.2 52.0 Lost. 55. 811 50.220 52.628 55. 248 42. 022 47. 836 48. 686 (53.577) 91.811 82. 220 65. 728 82. 648 71. 622 79. 036 100. 686 6.1 5.5 2.0 4.3 3.5 3.9 8.8 9.4 8.6 8.0 8.7 4.9 6.1 8.3 (8.7) 15.4 14.1 10.0 13.0 8.4 10.0 17.1 603. 189 500. 780 693. 272 565. 352 777. 378 710. 964 488. 314 '.'....'.'. Total 1 4,703 (5,321) 672 (665) 221.4 573.751 4.7 "(7.6) 12.2 4,129.249 (405. 928) Average | 31.6 81.964 590.036 (50.741) ■ 1 a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 441 Table XC. — Summary of solids Jxthmces for Series III. Four iTien. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-i-l) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borie acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No. 1 Grams. 5,736 5. .596 Grams. 282. 3 Grams. 586. 1 Grams. ««K J. Per ct. 4.9 Per ct. 10.2 8.1 Per ct. 15.1 11.4 Grams. 4,867.6 4, 956. 4 Grams^ X- o 1 452.8 639.6 -^''•"^ i r6:2401 [208.4] 156.2 X- 1 1 4, 482. 5 (5,080.6) 581.3 "(9.5) 10.3 13.0 3,961.2 -^"•■* { (483.9) 71Q 5 Xo 5 6 980 94Q 1 Qfi-> J 3.5 13.8 6,017.6 I 22, 794. 5 (23,392.5) [23, 438. 5] 3,051.7 13.4 19, 742. 8 Total \ (2,667.2) (11.4) \ [890. 0] [3.8] 1 691 92.6 698.5 Average I (688) (78.4) I r6891 [26. 2] Preservative period. First subperiod: Ko. 1 2,541 2,676 2,633 3,150 133.2 76.0 126.0 133.1 258.8 219.7 269.8 308.3 392.0 295.7 396.8 441.4 5.2 2.8 5.0 4.2 10.2 8.2 10.6 9.8 15.4 11.1 15.6 14.0 2, 149. 2, 380. 3 2, 137. 2 2, 708. 6 4.0' 4.0 4.0 4.0 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 Total 10,900 681 468.3 29.3 1 056 6 1 fi''-i 1 4.3 9.7 14.0 9,375.1 585.7 16.0- Average 66.0 95.3 Second subperiod: No. 1 2,617 2,586 2, 249. 5 3,049 111.7 85.3 92.4 125.6 250.1 225.4 266.9 311.7 361.8 310.7 359.3 437.3 4.3 3.3 4.1 4.1 9.5 8.7 11.9 10.2 13.8 12.0 16.0 14.3 2,255.2 2, 275. 3 1,890.2 2,611.7 12 0' No. 3 ■ 12 No. 4 12 No. 5 12 Total 10,-501.5 656 415.0 25.9 1,054.1 65.9 1,469.1 91.8 4.0 10.0 14.0 9, 032. 4 564.2 48 Average Third subperiod: No. 1 2,464 2,165 1,745 2,300 97.3 70.8 88.2 49.3 249.3 1%.5 194.8 272.3 346.6 267.3 283.0 321. 6 4.0 3.3 5.1 2.1 10.1 9.1 11.2 11.8 14.1 12.3 16.2 14.0 2,117.4 1,897.7 1, 462. 1,978.4 10 0- No. 3 11 No. 4 9 7 No. 5 11.2 Total 8,674 1 805.6 542 1 19. 1 912. 9 57.1 1,218.5 76.2 3.5 10.5 14.0 7, 4.55. 5 465. 8 41 9 Average Entire preservative periofl : Total 30,075.5 627 1 1,188.9 3,023.6 248 1 63.0 1 4,212.5 4 10.1 14.0 25,863.0 539. 2 105. 9' Average 87.8 t A/ler period. No. 1 6,189 227.7 467 n 694.7 465. 7 4.4 3.8 9.0 ■■(7.'9) 13.4 11.9 4,494.3 3, 468. 3 So.i 1 3,934 149. 8 (4,546) 2,969 f3,5 NO..0 215. ' 5<18. 3 778.3 3.6 9.5 13.3 6, 148. 3 Totiil > 18,018.6 (19,222.6) 2,303.8 12.8 15,714.8 n . 7(r2. 5 1 ■■[a-fli (8.9) [18,538.6] 171*01 621 f620) [618] 79.4 541.6 Average (54.9) [2:1.8] 442 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PEESERAVTIVES ON HEALTH. Table XC. — Summary of solids balances for Series J/J^ Continued. ir"ive men. Period. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) T In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Boric acid ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Ts'o.l Ko.2 Grams. 5,736 6,364 5,596 Grams. 282. 3 245.1 Grams. 586.1 541.5 452. 8 Grams. 868.4 786.6 639.6 Per ct. 4.9 3.8 "if Per ct. 10.2 8.5 8.3 Per ct. 15.1 12.3 11.6 Grams. 4, 867. 6 5,577.4 4, 956. 4 Grams. ls'0.3 j } [208. 4] 156.2 ATn a /I 4,482.5 581.3 "'(9-5) 10.3 13.0 3,901.2 (483. 9) 719.3 jsro.5 6,980 243.1 962. 4 3.5 13.8 6,017.6 J 29,158.5 (29, 756. 5) [29,802.5] 694.2 (692. 0) [693. 1] 3, 848. 3 13.2 25, 310. 2 1 Total 1 'ii,'i35.'i]' (2, 783. 6) (9.4) 1. [3.8] ) f 91.6 602. 6 1 Average \ (64.7) I "[26- 4] 1 > Preservative period. JFirst subperiod: No. 1 2,541 2,843 2,676 2,533 3,150 133.2 110.8 76.0 126.0 133.1 258.8 246.3 219.7 269.8 308.3 392.0 357.1 295. 7 395. 8 441.4 5.2 3.9 2.8 5.0 4.2 10.2 8.7 8.2 10.6 9.8 15.4 12.6 11.1 15.6 14.0 2,149.0 2, 485. 9 2, 380. 3 2, 137. 2 2, 708. 6 4 No.2 4 No.3 4 No. 4 4 No. 5 4 Total Average 13, 743 687 579.1 29.0 1,302.9 65.1 1,882.0 94.1 4.2 9.5 13.7 11,861.0 592.9 20 1 Table XCI. — Solids balances for Series IV JSS'o. 7. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-=-l) 7 In feces and urine. (4-M) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Mar.20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Grams. 394 478 470 536 473 497 504 501 Grams. 27.8 37.8 30.0 24.2 28.8 19.4 50.7 16.5 Grams. 29. 845 62. 742 45. 924 57. 944 40. 378 47. 485 53. 124 45. 474 Grams. 57. 645 90. 542 75. 924 82. 144 69. 178 66. 885 103. 824 61. 974 Per ct. 7.1 7.9 6.4 4.5 6.1 3.9 10.1 3.3 Per ct. 7.6 11.0 9.8 10.8 8.5 9.6 10.5 9.1 Per ct. 14.6 18.9 16.2 15.4 14.6 13.5 20.6 12.4 Grams. 336. 355 387. 458 894. 076 452. 856 403. 822 430. 115 400. 176 439. 026 Grams. Total 3,852 482 235.2 29.4 372. 916 46. 615 608. 116 76. 015 6.1 9.7 15.8 3, 243. 884 405. 985 Average Preservative period. Tlr.'?! subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 483 488 509 492 34.5 53.0 40.0 28.6- 60. 774 46. 900 57. 235 49. 104 95. 274 99. 900 97. 235 77. 704 ■ 7.1 10.9 7.9 5.8 12.6 9.6 n.2 10.0 19.7 20.5 19.1 15.8 387. 726 388. 100 411. 765 414. 296 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 1,972 493 1.56. 1 39.0 214.013 53. 503 370. 113 92. 628 7.9 10.9 18.8- 1,601.887 400. 472 2.0 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 443 T.\BLE XCI. — Solid.') hala)ic('.') for »SV)vV.s/T'— Continued. No. 8. 1 1 Period and date, i 1 In food. 1 3 1 3 1 4= i 5 In feces j^ In feces. Inurine. „^P<1 feces. j ; (2+3) (-■^> 6 In uriu6. (3h-1j 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Forr period. 1903— Mar. 20 21 i;2 ~2i '..'.'.'.'.'. Grams. 727 660 640 (638 576 739 692 669 Grams. 1 Grams. 7.0 61.320 29.2 1 6.5.650 19.0 62.452 Lost. 1 (49.740 Grams. 68.320 94.850 81.4.52 1 Per ct. 1.0 4.4 3.0 Per at 8.4 9.9 9.8 (7.8 8.6 9.2 8.7 9.0 Per ct. 9.4 14.4 12.7 Gramn. 6.58. 680 565. 1.50 568.548 Grams. 24 25 26 («) 46.7 40.4 («) 49.590 1 49.590 67.640 : 114.340 60. 130 100. 530 60.050 1 60.050 ' ' ' 'e.'s 5.8 8.6 15.5 14.5 9.0 .526. 410 624. 660 591. 470 608. 9.50 Total 4,703 142.3 1 (5,341) '(476.572 569.132 3.0 ■■(8.' 9 12.1 4, 133. 868 Averaee ' ^^^ | 20.3 I (668) I i59.572 81. 305 .590. 695 PresfTvattve period. First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 1 658 657 694 649 1 25.5 1 48.500 49.5 ' 60.208 50.3 64.638 33. 57. 510 74.000 109. 708 114. 938 90.510 3.9 7.6 7. 2 .5.1 7.4 9.2 9.3 8.9 11.3 16.7 16.6 13.9 584.000 547. 292 579. 062 558. 490 1 0.5 .6 .5 .5 Total Average 2, 658 , 664 1.58.3 1 230.8.56 39.6 67.714 389. 1.56 97. 314 6.0 8.7 14.6 2,268.844 566. 686 2.0 Second snhpcriod: 1903— Apr. 1 2 3 4 692 '505 644 593 2, .534 634 (") ' 62.820 50. 49. 925 21.3 60.128 4.5.3 ; 61.090 62. 820 99. 925 81.428 106. 390 3.3 7.6 9.1 8.3 9.3 10.3 9.1 16.5 12.6 17.9 629. 180 505. 075 562. 572 486. 610 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 116.6 233.963 29. 2 58. 491 350. .563 87. 641 4.6 9.2 13.8 2, 183. 437 .546. 359 4.0 Subperiods 1 and 2: Ttital 1 , ■ 5 192 ; 974 Q J(U 81 Q 739. 719 5. 3 92.465 n 1 - " 4,452.281 556. .535 .\verage 649 614 34. 4 1 .58. 103 Third .subperiod: 1903 — Apr («) 1 .53.690 26.3 i 61.290 41. 6 56. 670 36. 8 61. 740 28.8 1 .56.458 63.690 87. .590 98. 270 98. .540 85. 258 3.7 6.3 5.1 4.5 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.9 8.7 12.3 14.9 13.6 13.5 660. 310 626.410 560. 730 625. 460 547. 742 6 7 8 9 714 6.59 724 633 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 3,344 133.5 1 289.848 26. 7 1 .57. 970 423. 348 81.670 4.0 8.7 12.7 2, 920. 652 684. 330 5.0 Average 669 Subperiods 1,2, and3: Total 8,536 657 408.4 1 7.54.667 1,163.067 31.4 1 .58.0.51 89.467 4.8 8.8 13.6 7, 372. 933 667. 533 11.0 Average fourth .Kubperiod: ]9f»3— Apr. 10 11 12 13 14 685 642 605 667 627 26. 5 24.2 38.6 23.0 27.0 .51.005 60. 820 58.988 39. 105 47.040 77. 505 8.5.020 97.588 62.105 74.040 3.9 3.8 6.4 3.4 4.3 7.4 9.5 9.8 6.9 7.5 11.3 13.2 16.1 9.3 11.8 607. 495 .566. 980 607.412 604. 895 6.52. 960 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Total 3,226 645 139.3 27.9 2.56.9.58 51.392 396.258 79. 252 4.3 8.0 12.3 2,829.742 565. 748 11.0 A verage r.ntire t.reservatlve period: Total Average 11,762 0.53 547.7 1,011.625 30.4 .56.201 1,5.59.325 82 53. 245 .59. ;«5 50. 3:j8 74.998 72. .520 80. 475 67. 780 93. H\n 89. 845 .59. 38j5 99.9:« 3.3 4.8 4.C 3.4 6.7 7.1 "8.'2' 4.7 8.1 7.2 7.1 8.4 10.2 10.3 10. 6 8.8 8.7 11.4 11.5 11.8 11.7 l(i. 9 17.4 10.6 16.5 18.8 584.002 5.59.480 602. .525 509. 220 463. 108 42.5. 1.55 500. 615 504. 062 Total A vcrage . 4,787 698 228.5 1 41.5.333 27.9 1 51.917 79.854 4, 148. 167 618. 146 ' 1 1 1 1 a No movement. 444 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCI. — Solids balances for Series IV — Continued- ISTo. 9. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax: ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Grams. 534 636 600 629 541 639 591 641 Grams. 38.8 20.5 39.0 33.0 26.5 27.4 31.7 16.7 Grams. 63. 357 63. 600 61. 945 58. 662 62. 170 62.920 55.500 61. 120 Grams. 102. 157 84. 100 100. 945 91. 662 88. 670 90. 320 87. 200 77. 820 Per ct. 7.3 3.2 6.5 5.2 4.9 4.3 5.4 2.6 Per ct. 11.9 10.0 10.3 9.3 11.5 9.8 9.4 9.5 Per ct. 19.1 13.2 16.8 14.6 16.4 14.1 14.8 12.1 Grams. 431.843 551.900 499.055 537.338 452.330^ 548.680 603. 800 563.180 Gravis.. Total 4,811 601 233.6 29.2 489. 274 61. 159 722.874 90. 359 4.9 10.2 15.0 4, 088. 126 510.641 Average Preservative period. First subperlod: 1903-Mar.28 29 SO 31 569 596 647 599 31.0 34.5 29.8 29.1 62. 970 61. 090 62. 900 63. 528 93. 970 95. 590 92. 700 92. 628 5.4 5.8 4.6 4.9 11.1 10.3 9.7 10.6 16.5 16.0 14.3 15.5 475. 030 500. 410 654. 300 506. 372 0.5. .S .S Total 2,411 603 124.4 31.1 250.488 62.622 374. 888 93. 722 5.2 10.4 15.5 2,036.112 509.278 2 0' Average Second subperiod: 1903— Apr. 1 2 i ....'.'.'. 4 607 547 626 647 30.5 («) 51.1 (a) 57. 780 62.215 66.150 69.559 88.280 62.215 117. 250 69. 659 5.0 ""'8."2" 9.5 11.4 10.6 10.8 14.5 11.4 18.7 10.8 518. 720 484.785 508. 750 677. 441 l.Oi l.O* l.O' 1.0 Total 2,427 '■■ 81.6 255. 704 63. 926 337. 304 84. 326 3.4 10.5 13.9 2,089.696 522. 674 4. 0' Average 607 20.4 Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 4,838 605 206.0 25.8 506. 192 63.274 712. 192 89. 074 4.3 10.5 14.7 4,125.808 515. 926 6.0 Average Third subperiod: 1903— Apr. 5 6 7 8 9 559 617 588 644 580 28.2 38.7 24.8 42.6 13.4 62. 478 64. 220 63. 670 59. 565 71. 980 90.678 102. 920 88. 470 102. 165 85. 380 5.0 6.3 4.2 6.6 2.3 11.2 10.4 10. S 9.2 12.4 16.2 16.7 15.0 15.9 14.7 468.322 514.080 499. 530 541. 835 494. 620 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 2, 988 598 147.7 29.5 321.913 64. 383 469. 613 93. 883 4.9 10.8 15.7 2 518 387 SO' Average 604.117 Subperiods 1, 2, and 3: Total 7,820 602 353. 7 27.2 828. 105 63. 700 1,181.805 90.900 4.5 10.6 15.1 6, 644. 195 511. 100 11 Average Fourth .subperiod: 1903— Apr. 10 ]1 12 13 14 624 573 571 673 590 25.2 40.9 27.6 19.4 22.6 65. 620 67. 010 68. 120 54. 220 64. 780 90. 820 107.910 95. 720 73. 620 87. 380 4.0 7.1 4.8 2.9 3.8 10.5 11.7 11.9 8.1 11.0 14.6 18.8 16.8 10.9 14.8 533. 180 465. 090 475. 280 699. 380 502. 620 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Total 3,031 606 10, 857 603 135.7 27.1 489.4 27.2 319. 750 63. 950 455. 450 91. 050' 4.5 10.5 15.0 2,575.650 514.960 11.0 Average Entire preservative period: Total 1,147.855 63.770 1,637.256 90.970 4.5 10.6 15.1 9, 219. 745 612. 030 22 Average After period. 1903— Apr. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 62.3 619 596 609 598 633 543 596 19.9 30.6 35.0 34.2 29.0 30.2 9.4 18.5 59. 750 63. 390 61.388 57. 580 56. 759 65. 340 61. 160 60.427 79. 650 93. 990 96. 388 91. 780 85. 759 95. 540 70. 560 78. 927 3>2 4.9 5.9 5.6 4.8 4.8 1.7 3.1 9.6 10.2 10.3 9.6 9.5 10.3 11. 3: 10.1 12.8 15.2 16.2 16.1 14.3 15.1 13. 13.2 543. 350 525. 010 499. 612 517. 220 512. 241 537. 460 472. 440 517. 073 Total 4,817 . 602 206.8 25.8 485.794 60.724 692. 694 86. 624 4.3 ID.l 14.4 4, 124. 406 615. 476 Average oNo movement. BOEIC ACID AND BORAX. 445 Table XCI. — Solids balances for Series I]' — Continued. No. lO. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2^1) 6 In urine. (3H-1) 7 ;n feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— Mar. 20 21 CO n '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 24 25 26 27 Grams. 656 669 .581 5riO G16 069 G86 C93 Gram,s. 23.5 26.0 18.0 19.5 26.5 30.7 29.7 31.0 Grams. 67. 3.50 65. 360 69. 630 59.2>U 56 780 64.930 57.880 59.210 Gravis. 90.850 91. 3G0 87. 630 78.784 83.280 95. G30 87. .580 90.210 Per d. 3.6 3.9 3.1 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.5 Per ct. 10.3 9.8 12.0 10.8 9.2 9.7 8.4 8.5 Per ct. 13.8 13.7 15.1 14.3 13.5 14.3 12.8 13.0 Grams. 565. 150 577. 640 493. 370 471. 216 532. 720 573.370 598.420 602. 790 Grams. Total 5, 120 640 204.9 25.6 .500. 424 705.324 4.0 9.8 -3.8 4, 414. 676 551.847 Ave«age 62. 553 88.153 Preservative period. ■ First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 077 685 6.53 677 42.0 42.4 24.4 50.4 66.050 58.700 56.860 58.602 108.050 101. 100 81.260 109.002 6.2 6.2 3.7 7.4 9.8 8.6 8.7 8.7 16.0 14.8 12.4 16.1 568. 9.50 583. 900 571.740 567.998 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 2,692 673 1.59. 2 39.8 240.212 , 399.412 60.053 99.853 5.9 8.9 14.8 2, 292. .588 573. 147 2.0 Second subperiod: 1903— Apr.l 2 3 4........ 689 663 685 68G 23.7 41.5 28.4 21.7 58.545 44. 432 72. 921 57.888 82.245 85.932 101. 321 79.588 3.4 6.3 4.1 3.2 8.5 6.7 10.6 8.4 11.9 13.0 14.8 11.6 606. 7.55 577.068 583. 679 606. 412 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total 2, 723 681 11.5.3 28.8 2:33. 786 58 446 349. 08» «7 9art 4.2 8.6 12.8 2, 373. 914 693.754 4.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 5,415 677 274.5 1 34.3 473.998 748.498 59.250 93.550 5.1 8.8 13.8 4, 666. 502 683. 4.50 6.0 Average Third suVjperiod: 1903— Apr. 5 6 7 8 9 656 701 669 708 672 27.0 28.9 33.2 35.9 32.3 63.165 90.165 .51.300 80.260 67. 222 100. 422 , .t(>..5.tO ; 92.4.50 56. 305 88. 605 4.1 4.1 5.0 5.1 4.8 9.6 7.3 10.0 8.0 8.4 13.7 11.4 15.0 13.1 13.2 565.835 623. 740 568. 578 615.550 583. 395 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Total Average 3, 409 . 682 157.3 31.5 294.602 4.51.902 1 58. 920 90. 420 4.6 S.6 13.2 2, 957. 098 591.580 6.0 Subperiods 1 , 2, and 3 Total Average 1 8,824 679 ! 431. 8 : 33.2 768.600 1,200.400 59.123 92.323 4.9 8.7 13.6 7,623.600 586. 677 11.0 Fourth subperiod: 1903-Apr.lO 11 12 13 14 696 704 G78 708 076 9.1 60.5 29.7 13.1 50.8 .54.002 63.102 09.118 129.618 62. 2(;0 91. 960 58.662 71.702 45.160 9.5.960 1 1.3 8.6 4.4 1.8 7.5 7.8 9.8 9.2 8.3 6.7 9.1 18.4 13.6 10.1 14.2 632.898 574.382 686. 040 636. 238 .580.040 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 Total -Xverage 3,462 692 163. 2 32.6 289. 202 4.52. 402 57.840 90.440 4.7 8.4 13.1 3, 009. .598 601.560 11.0 Ktitire i>re«ervative j>erio 1 80.180 30.180 1 120.7 120.7 t 6. 180 17 18 19 20 21 22 18.0 (") 39.fi 33.3 48.:; 60. 540 73. 540 49. 390 49. 390 .5<;.710 56.710 46.610 86.240 70.240 1 103.510 45. 280 1 93. 580 4.8 "'e.'e' 5.8 ' 7.6 22.4 12.0 11.8 7.8 12.3 7.2 27.4 12.0 11.8 14.4 1 18.1 1 14.8 1 196. 460 1 360. GIO 422. 290 1 511.760 469. 460 638. 420 Total 2. 987 427 1 134.2 1 19.2 358. 980 WA. 180 61 283 7n iMS 4.5 12.0 16.5 2,493.820 366.517 Average 1 » "No movement. f'DlKcardod. 446 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCI. — Solids balances for Series /T''— Continued. INTO. 11. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4H-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period {ex- cluded). 1903— Mar. 20 21 22 23 Grams. 681 591 618 (589) 555 597 598 618 Grams. 25.1 18.5 25.2 Lost. 11.0 36,5 16.0 24.5 Grams. 49. 375 53. 605 58. 440 (51.480) 64.050 60. 198 49. 810 59. 858 Grams. 74.475 72. 105 83. 640 Per ct. 3.7 3.1 4.1 Per ct. 7.2 9.1 9.5 (8.7) 9.7 10.0 8.3- 9.7 Per ct. 10.9 12.2 13.6 Grams. 606. .525 518. 896 634. 360 Grams. 24 25 26 27 65. 050 96.698 64.810 84. 358 2.0 6.2 2.5 4.0 11.7 16.2 10.8 13.7 489. 950 500. 302 533. 190 633. 642 ::...:: r 4,258 (4,847) 608 (606) 155.8 541.136 3.7 "(9.'0) 12.7 3, 716. 864 , 1 (436.816) 22.3 77. 348 530. 652 Average < (54.602) Preservative period (excluded). First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 577 610 95 28.0 22.9 53.6 55. 938 58. 650 38. 340 83. 938 81. 560 91. 940 4.9 3.8 56.4 9.7 9.6 40.4 14.5 13.4 96.8 493. 062 528. 450 3.060 0.5 .5 .0 Total 1, 282 427 104. 5 34.8 152. 928 50.976 257. 428 86. 809 8.2 11.9 20.1 1,024.572 341.191 1 Average Fore period. 1903— Mar. 31 ' Apr. 1 2 i'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 123 315 509 573 (a) 20.8 11.1 21.5 34. 220 26. 995 38. 700 41. 708 34. 220 47. 795 49. 800 63. 208 '"'h'.h' 2.2 3.8 27.8 8.6 7.6 7.3 27.8 15.2 9.8 11.0 88. 780 267. 205 459. 200 609. 792 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 1,520 380 53.4 1 141.623 13.4 1 3,5.406 195. 023 48. 806 3.5 9.3 12.8 1,324.977 331. 194 Average 1 Preservative period. 1903— Apr. 4 582 583 568 602 617 613 606 551 577 591 578 41.5 27.2 25.9 41.0 23.2 30.6 18.2 28.1 32.2 32.9 19.7 54. 900 57. 158 46. 680 63. 345 47. 200 47. 230 53. 780 , 54. 880 52. 900 58. 763 53. 202 96. 400 84. 358 71.580 94. 346 70. 400 77. 830 71.980 82. 980 85. 100 91.663 72. 902 7.1 4.7 4.6 6.8 3.8 6.0 3.0 5.1 .6.6 5.6 3.4 9.4 9.8 8.0 8.9 7.6 9.2 8.9 10.0 9.2 9.9 9.2 16.6 14.5 12.6 15.7 11.4 15.2 11.9 15.1 14.8 15.5 12.6 485. 600 498. 642 496. 420 507. 656 546. 600 435. 170 534. 020 468. 020 491.900 499. 337 505.098 5 6 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9. 1 10 1 11 1.0 12 2 13... 2 14 3 Total 6,368 579 320.5 29.1 579. 038 52. 640 899. 638 81.776 5.0 9.1 14.1 5,468.462 497.224 14 5 Average After period. 1903— Apr. 15 580 639 561 547 564 567 564 516 10.9 10.5 (a) 71.3 9.2 29.9 8.8 24.8 49. 486 45. 350 47. 775 51. 320 50. 960 49. 617 54. 948 53. 508 60. 385 66. 850 47. 775 122. 620 60. 160 79. 517 63. 748 78. 308 1.9 1.9 ""vi'.Qi 1.6 5.3 1.6 4.8 8.5 8.4 8.5 9.5 9.0 8.7 9.7 10.4 10.4 10.4 8.5 22.4 10.7 14.0 11.3 15.2 519.615 483. 150 513.225 424 380 . 16. 17... 18 19... 503 840 1 20 487 483 21 500 252 22 436 692 Total . 4,437 556 165. 4 20.7 402. 963 50.370 568. 363 71.045 3.7 9.1 12.8 3,868.637 i 483. 955 Average a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 447 T.\BLE XCI. — Solids halanccRfor Series /T"— Continued. ISTo. 13. Period and date. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2+1) 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period (ex- cluded). 1903— Mar. 20 21 Gravis. 530 588 622 584 523 649 623 647 Grains. 31.0 50.0 13.0 43.5 34.9 36.9 28. 5 38.5 Gramf. 58. 963 70. UiO 59. 930 68. 1^50 60.540 57. 9S0 66.190 60.625 Grams. 89. 963 120. 160 72. 930 111.050 95. 440 94.880 94. 690 99. 125 Per ct. 5.8 8.5 2.1 7.4 6.7 5.7 4.6 6.0 Perct. 11.1 11.9 9.6 11.7 11.6 8.9 10.6 9.4 Perct. 17.0 20.4 11.7 19.1 18.2 14.6 15.2 15.3 Grams. 440. 037 467. 840 549. 070 472. 3.50 427. .560 554. 120 528. 310 547.875 Grams. 23 24 25 26 27 Total Average 4,766 596 276. 3 34.5 .502. .538 62.817 778.838 97. 317 6.8 10.5 16.3 3, 987. 162 498. 683 Preservative period (excluded). First subperiod: 1903— Mar. 28 29 30 31 593 611 651 C) 20.2 30.7 49.1 58. 9.58 61.630 57. 587 79. 158 92. 330 106. 687 3.4 5.0 7.5 9.9 .10.1 8.8 13.3 15.1 16.4 513. 842 518. 670 544. 313 0.5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 1,8.55 618 100.0 33.3 178. 175 59. 392 278. 175 92. 692 5.4 9.6 15.0 1, 576. 825 625. 308 2.0 Fore period. 1903— Apr. 3 4 5 374 629 628 22.5 20.1 28.7 46. 735 59. 180 66. 679 69.235 79. 280 95. 379 6.0 3.2 4.6 12.5 9.4 10.6 18.5 12.6 1.5. 2 304. 765 549. 720 632. 621 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total Average 1,631 544 71.3 23.8 172. .594 57. .531 243. 894 81.298 4.4 10.6 15.0 1,387.106 462. 702 0.0 Preservative period. 1903— Apr. 6 657 .598 627 615 476 510 597 660 560 27.3 31.8 7.4 9.0 19.5 (6) 35.0 3.5.3 21.8 71.670 67.000 .55. 959 65. 280 64. 930 49. 415 62. 360 .59. .545 69. 340 98. 970 98.800 63. 3.59 74. 280 84. 430 49.415 97. 360 94.845 91. 140 4.2 5.3 1.2 1.5 4.1 'h'.9 5.3 3.9 10.9 11.2 8.9 10.6 13.6 9.7 10.4 9.0 12.4 15.1 16.5 10.1 12.1 17.7 9.7 16.3 14.4 16.3 5.58. 030 499.200 563. 641 640.720 391. 670 460.685 499. 640 666.155 468. 860 1.0 1.0 8 1.0 9 1.0 10 1.0 11 1.0 12 2.0 13 2.0 14 3.0 Total 5,300 .589 187.1 20.8 .565. 499 62. 833 752. 599 83. 622 3.5 10.7 14.2 4,547.401 605. 378 13.0 Average After period. 190:i-Apr.l5 16 17 221.3 188.0 578. 634.0 588.0 619.0 .5:i5.0 .533. C-) 27.5 17.0 51.7 32.2 44.5 14.8 20.4 40. 965 52.263 39. 170 .54.684 62. 240 .55.360 64.068 52. 165 40. 965 79. 763 .56. 170 106. 384 94.440 99. 860 68.868 72.666 "u.6 2.9 8.2 .5.5 7.2 2.8 3.8 18.6 27.8 6.8 8.6 10.6 8.9 10.1 9.8 18.6 42.4 9.7 16.8 16.1 16.1 12.9 13.6 180.335 108.237 521.830 627.616 493. 560 619. 140 466. 1.32 4<)0. 435 18 19 20 21 22 ::::::: Total -W'-rage 3,896.3 487 208. 1 26.0 410.915 61. %4 619.015 77.364 5.3 10.6 15.9 3,277.285 409. 636 uDlHCarded. bNo movement. 448 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCII. — Summary of solids balances for Series IV. Three iTieia. Period. 1 In food. a In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3^1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.8 1 No. 9 Grams. 4,703 (5,341) 4,811 5,120 Grams. 142.3 Grams. Grams. 509. 132 Per ct. 3.0 Per ct. "(8'9) 10.2 9.8 Per ct. 12.1 Grams. 4,133.868 Grams. (476. 572) 489. 274 500. 424 233.6 204.9 722. 874 705. 324 4.9 4.0 15.0 13.8 4,088.126 4, 414. 676 No. 10 Total 1 Average ■! 14, 634 (15,272) 636 (636) 580.8 1, 997. 330 4.0 "(9.'6) 13.6 12,636.670 (1,466.270) 25.3 86. 888 549.112 (61.095) ■ Preservative period. Tirst subperiod: No. 8 2,658 2,411 2,692 158. 3 124.4 159.2 230. 856 250. 488 240. 212 389. 156 374. 888 399. 412 6.0 5.2 5.9 8.7 10.4 8.9 14.6 15.5 14.8 2,268.844 2, 036. 112 2, 292. 588 2 No. 9 2 No. 10 2 Total ... 7,761 647 441.9 86.8 721. 556 60. 130 1, 163. 456 96. 930 6.7 9.3 15.0 6,597.544 550. 070 6 Average :Second subperiod: No.8 2, 534 2,427 2,723 116.6 81.6 115.3 233. 963 265. 704 233. 786 350. 563 337. 304 349. 086 4.6 3.4 4.2 9.2 10.5 8.6 13.8 13.9 12.8 2, 183. 437 2, 089. 696 2, 373. 914 4 No. 9 4 4 Total 7, 684 640 313.5 26.1 723. 453 60. 288 1,036.953 86. 388 4.1 9.4 13.5 6, 647. 047 553. 612 12 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 15, 445 644 755. 4 31.5 1, 445. 009 60. 209 2,200.409 91. 709 4.9 9.4 14.2 13, 244. 591 552. 291 18 Average Third subperiod: No.8 3,344 2,988 3,409 133. 5 147.7 157. 3 289. 848 321. 913 294. 602 423. 348 469. 613 451.902 4.0 4.9 4.6 8.7 10.8 8.6 12.7 15.7 13.2 2,920.652 2, 618. 387 2,957.098 6 No. 9 5 No. 10 5 Total Average 9,741 649 438.5 29.2 906. 363 60. 424 1, 344. 863 89. 624 4.5 9.3 13.8 8, 396. 137 559. 376 15 :Subperiodsl,2,and3: Total 25, 186 646 1,193.9 30.6 2, 351. 372 60. 292 3, 545. 272 90. 892 4.7 9.3 14.1 21,640.728 555. 108 33 Average Tourth subperiod: No.8 3,226 3,031 3,462 139.3 135.7 163.2 256. 958 319. 750 289. 202 396. 258 455. 450 452. 402 4.3 4.5 4.7 8.0 10.5 8.4 12.3 15.0 13.1 2, 829. 742 2,575.550 3, 009. 598 11 No. 9 11 No. 10 11 Total Average 9,719 648 438.2 29.2 865. 910 57. 727 1, 304. 110 86. 941 4.5 8.9 13.4 8,414.890 561. 059 33 Entire preservative period: Total 34, 905 646 1, 632. 1 30.2 3,217.282 59. 579 4,849.382 89. 803 4.7 9.2 13.9 30,055.618 666. 197 66 Average After 'period. No.8 4,787 4,817 2,987 223.5 206.8 134.2 41.5. 333 485. 794 358. 980 638. 833 692. 594 493. 180 4.7 4.3 4.5 8.7 10.1 12.0 13.3 14.4 16.5 4,148.167 4, 124. 406 2, 493. 820 No.9 No. 10.. Total 12, 591 547 564.5 24.5 1, 260. 107 54. 787 1,824.607 79. 287 4.5 10.0 14.6 10, 766. 393 467. 713 Average BORIC ACID AND BORAX. Tahle XCIII. — S,,i;,Js haldivrx for Serlex V. ]V<>. 1. 449 4L'42— No. K4, (.t 1— (M 2!> "iJiwanli'fl. 450 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCIII. — Solids balances for Series V — Continued. jN"o. 1 — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 3 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 9 Boric Balance. ^^^"^ (1—4,) 1 ^.°". ^ '' minis- tered. Preservative period— Continued. Fourth subperiod— Continued. 1903— June 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Grams. 627.0 674.0 591.0 647. 668.0 654.0 704.0 698.0 Orams. 39.9 23.0 20.9 50.5 38.0 46.8 59.8 39.0 Gi-ams. 60.763 59. 621 58. 509 59.402 56. 025 58. 608 57. 712 55. 853 Grams. 100. 663 82. 621 79. 409 109. 902 94.025 105. 408 117. 512 94. 853 Per ct. 6.4 3.4 3.5 7.8 5.7 7.1 8.5 5.6 Per ct. 9.7 8.8 9.9 9.2 8.4 9.0 8.2 8.0 Per ct. 16.1 12.3 13.4 17.0 14.1 16.1 16.7 13.6 Grams. 526. 337 591. 879 511. 591 637. 098 573. 975 648. 592 586. 488 603. 147 Grams. 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 9, 274. 662.0 535.5 38.2 814. 648 58. 189 1, 350. 148 96. 439 6.8 8.8 14.6 7, 923. 852 565. 989 7.0 Average Entire preservative period: Total { Average -I 31,574.0 (32,183.0) 644.0 (644. 0) 1,628.2 "'33."2' 4,568.235 6.1 "(9.'3) 14.5 27, 005. 766 25.0 (2,997.148) 93.229 551. 138 lk(i.94k\ *■ ' After period. 1903— June 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 588.0 680.0 707.0 646.0 676.0 568.0 (638.0) 644.0 620.0 57.2 23.0 49.0 44.5 40.4 64.0 Lost. 35.2 32.0 60. 000 54. 383 62. 196 57. 722 59. 780 57.835 (60. 143) 62. 563 62. 108 117. 200 77. 383 111.196 102. 222 100. 180 121. 835 9.7 3.4 6.9 6.9 6.0 11.3 10.2 8.0 8.8 8.9 8.8 10.2 9.7 10.0 19.9 11.4 15.7 16.8 14.8 21.4 470. 800 602.617 595. 804 543. 778 675. 820 446. 165 28 29 97. 763 94. 108 6.5 5.2 15.2 15.2 546. 237 625.892 ( 5. 129. 345.3 "'43.'2' 821. 887 6.7 "(9.' 3) 16.0 4, 307. 113 Total 1 (5; 767.0) (636. 730) ^'■'i^^Se 1 (641.0) 102. 736 538. 389 f59.6371 ' N"©. 3. Fore period. 1903— Apr. 24 676 630 652 651 (681) 550 560 584 29.8 29.5 83.7 («) Lost. 16.7 21.6 25.6 57. 624 62. 610 51.022 52. 741 (55. 876) 54.481 48. 770 54. 029 87.424 82. 110 84. 722 52. 741 4.4 4.7 6.2 8 5 8.4 7.8 8.1 (9.6) 9.9 8.7 9.3 12.9 13.0 13.0 8.1 588. 576 547. 890 567. 278 598. 259 25 26 27 28 29 71.181 70. 370 79. 629 3.0 3.9 4.4 12.9 12.6 13.6 478. 819 489. 630 504.371 30 May 1 Total 1 4,303 (4,884) 615 (610) 156.9 ""22.'4' 528. 177 3.6 "(8."7) 12.3 3, 774. 823 (427.163) f 75.454 639.546 Average j (53.394) 1 Preservative period. First subperiod : 1903— May 2 3 586 636 657 627 649 696 576 606 676 608 595 624 31.0 33.1 20.0 22.5 28.4 35.4 26.9 19.8 27.7 31.7 27.9 22.3 54. 242 54.528 ■ 56.560 50. 300 63.910 44. 270 44. 315 49. 915 48. 150 49. 886 55. 900 63. 310 85. 242 87. 628 76. 560 72. 800 92. 310 79. 670 71. 215 69. 215 75. 850 81. 585 83. 800 75. 610 6.3 5.2 3.0 3.6 4.4 5.9 4.7 3.2 4.8 5.2 4.7 3.6 9.3 8.6 8.6 8.0 9.8 7.4 7. 7 8.2 ■ 8.4 8.2 9.4 8.5 14.5 13.8 11.7 11.6 14.2 13.4 12.4 11.4 13.2 13.4 14.1 12.1 500. 758 648. 372 680. 440 554. 200 .556. 690 516. 330 504. 786 536. 785 500. 150 526. 415 .511. 200 548. 390 0.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 7,336 ' 326.2 611 i 27.2 625. 285 52. 107 951.485 ^9. 290 4.4 8.5 13.0 6, 384. 515 531.710 6.0 Average 1 "No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 451 Table XCIII. — Solids balances for Series T'— Continued. No. 3— Continued. Period and date. Preservative period- Continued. Second subperiod: 190»— Mavl4 ■ 15 1 In food. Grams. 565 620 619 512 624 551 510 565 543 554 479 584 Total . . . . Average . ,726 560 Third subperiod: 1903— May 26... 28. 29. 30. 31. June 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Total ... .\verage 5-25 536 494 504 447 444 464 485 368 440 370 470 5, .547 462 In feces. In urine. Grams. 25.7 27.1 25.4 23.5 26.0 34.4 21.9 21.4 22.2 29.6 19.2 22.9 Grams. 54.830 47. 800 52.528 61.312 45. 475 46. 935 51. 100 45. 423 48. 610 47. 710 52. 185 44. 180 In feces and urine. (2+3) Grams. 80. 530 74. 900 77.928 74.812 71.475 81. 335 73.000 66. 823 70. 810 77. 310 71. 385 67. 080 299. 3 24.9 588. 088 49. 007 887. 388 73. 949 28.4 20.0 36.5 12.5 20.3 20.2 36.1 20.0 27.0 18.0 12.4 26.3 49. 515 49. 225 42. 630 48.881 49. 579 49.005 44.636 42. 336 39. 524 42. 634 35. 512 43. 884 77. 915 69. 225 79. 130 61.381 69. 879 69. 205 80.736 62. 336 66. 524 60. 634 47. 912 70.184 23. 1 537. 361 44. 780 815. 061 67. 921 Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7.... 8.... 9.... 10.... 11.... 12.... 13.... 14.... 15.... 16.... 17.... ]«.... 19.... 20.... 4.50 25. 518 6.0 ■m, 32.0 525 15.5 456 16.2 570 15.2 469 22.9 497 8.8 545 26. 2 503 23.8 .55(; 36.6 471 29.2 602 34.5 .>18 60.6 38.031 37. 632 33.8.59 39.337 40.786 35. 460 44.633 48. 000 37. 191 52. (H6 47. 330 45. 071 46.111 45. 060 63. 031 43. 632 (■>5. 859 .54. 837 56. 986 .50. 660 07. .533 50.800 03. 391 76. 446 83. 936 74.271 80.611 105. 660 Total . . . . Average. 7,096 507 352. 5 25.2 591.153 42. 22.S I 943. 0511 67. 404 In feces. (2-M) Per ct. 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.2 6.2 4.3 3.8 4.1 5.3 4.0 3.9 6 In urine. (3^1) Perct. 9.7 7.7 8.5 10.0 7.3 8.5 10.0 8.0 9.0 8.6 10.9 7.6 4.4 8.7 5.4 3.7 7.4 2.5 4.5 4.5 7.8 4.1 7.3 4.1 3.4 5.6 9.4 9.2 8.6 9.7 11.1 11.0 9.6 8.7 10.7 9.7 9.6 9.3 9.7 5.6 1.2 8.3 3.0 3.6 2.7 4.9 1.8 4.8 4.7 6.6 6.2 5.7 11.1 5.0 I > 671 31.6 43. 590 75.190 4.7 6.5 11.2 .595. 810 •'3 822 670 23.0 52.7 .59. 819 .54. 121 82.819 106. 821 2.8 7.8 7.3 8.1 10.1 1.5. 9 739.181 .563. 179 21 2-1 737 46.9 .53. 684 100. .5K4 6.4 7.3 13.7 636.416 2»; 741 3.5.9 62. 965 98. 865 4.8 8.5 13.3 642.135 27 717 30.7 67. 801 98. .501 4.1 9.1 13.2 648. 499 28 770 44.7 .55. 1.58 99. 858 .5.8 7.2 13. 670. 142 29 6.50 22.0 54. 237 76. 237 3.4 8.3 11.7 573. 763 Total 6, :«)9 320. 5 508.940 829. 440 .5.0 8.0 13.0 5, .539. 560 .Werage 707 3.5.6 .56.549 92. 149 014. 851 >r<>. 1 8 ' 3 pi riid ati'l ilalc, , , , In III food, f,.,.'.^ 1" urine. 4 S In feces , (2+8) p-*-"^^ 6 In urine. (3+1) 7 In feces and urine. (4+1) Per cl. 10.8 10.2 14.5 8 HlllllMcc. (1 <) Grams. 581.7(0 459. 740 439. 494 » Morii.x ad- iiiinis- t 2. 7 52.2(X) 74.. 506 .5.6 [5.1] Per rl. 8.1 10.2 8.9 Grams. 77. 360 3. 9 67. 220 : 5. 1 79. .'•:«» 5. 1 9.9 14.3 10.1 13.8 19.4 15.5 481.640 279. 700 432. 470 Mhv ) ' .502 1 40.8 1 05.890 l(Mi.690 8.1 13.1 21.8 395.310 „. . , f 3,.VJH 1 873.2fl« 1 ifn.m; 1 10.4 l"t«l 1 M 1031 1180 41 1 14.41. 14.7 3,070.184 1 / '514 !. ...'...1'" 53.324 .WerHKe \ ,5,0, rw fll 7,0 409 . ; 438.591 1 ' "No movement. 454 INFLUENCE OF FOOD I'RESEEVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCIII. — Solids balances for Series T'— Continued. JSTo. 4r — Continued. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Grams. 549 503 538 203 555 489 527 511 481 487 482 472 Grams. («) 35. 17.7 34.5 16.2 26.1 25.9 32.0 13.4 26.7 28.4 22.2 Grams. 58. 685 55. 980 62. 480 55. 070 57. 1.55 52. 730 50. 795 48. 730 50. 130 51.980 53. 275 48. 915 Grams. 58.685 90. 980 80. 180 89. 570 73. 355 78. 830 76. 695 80. 730 63.530 78. 680 81. 675 71.115 Per ct. '"i'.o 3.3 17.0 2.9 5.3 4.9 6.3 2.8 5.5 5.9 4.7 Per ct. 10.7 11.1 11.6 27.1 10.3 10.8 9.6 9.5 10.4 10.7 11.0 10.4 Per ct. 10.7 18.1 14.9 44.1 13.2 16.1 14.6 15.8 13.2 16.2 16.9 15.1 Grams. 490.315 412.020 457.820 113. 430 481.645 410.170 450. 305 430.270 417.470 408. 320 400.325 400.885 Gravis. 0.5 .5 . 5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 •■? .-") . 5 Total 5,797 483 278.1 23.2 645. 925 ■53. 827 924. 025 77. 002 4.8 11.1 15.9 4,872.975 405. 998 6.0 Average Second subporiod: 1903— Mavl4 15 16 17 IS 19.. 20 21 535 560 602 529 604 537 568 545 558 509 562 546 27.6 11.4 31.0 24.1 22.3 56.8 (a) 8.7 43.5 36.3 23.7 18.4 76.715 50.829 67.920 60. 610 57. 690 61.446 59.960 58.016 59. 270 55.445 55. 777 57. 005 104.315 62. 229 98.920 84.710 79. 990 118.246 59. 960 66. 716 102. 770 91.745 79. 477 75.405 5.2 2.0 5.1 4.6 3.7 10.6 ""i.'e" 7.8 7.1 4.2 3.4 14.3 9.1 11.3 11.4 9.6 11.4 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.9 9.9 10.4 19.5 11.1 16.4 16.4 13.2 22.0 10.6 12.2 18.4 18.0 14.1 13.8 430. 685 497. 771 503. 080 444. 290 524. 010 418. 754 508. 040 478. 284 455. 230 417,255 482. 523 470. 595 0.5 .5 .5 . 5 . 5 . .5 . 5 23 24 25 . 5 .5 Total 6,655 1 303.8 1 720.683 555 ' 25. 3 ' 60. 057 1,024.483 85. 374 4.6 10.8 15.4 5,630.517 469.626 6.0 Average Subperiods 1 and 2: Total 12, 452 519 581.9 1,366.608 24. 2 56. 942 1,948.508 81.188 4.7 11.0 15.6 10, 503. 492 437. 812 12.0 TvTo. 5. Fore period. 1903— Apr 24 502.00 654. 00 659. 00 25.4 9.2 40.5 64. 896 62. 666 61.615 90. 296 71. 866 102.115 5.1 1.4 6.1 12.9 9.6 9.3 18.0 11.0 15.5 411.704 582. 134 556. 885 25 26 27 676. 00 748. 00 077. 00 714.00 721.00 44.8 («) 20.1 85.0 40.5 63.181 .59. 976 66. 160 68. 776 66. 015 107. 9S1 59. 976 86. 260 103.776 106.515 6.6 '"h'.o 4.9 5.6 9.3 8.0 9.8 9.6 9.2 16.0 8.0 12.7 14.5 14.8 568.019 688. 024 590.740 610. 224 614. 485 28 29 80 Total 5,351.00 668. 88 215. 5 26.94 513. 285 64. 161 728.785 91.028 4.0 9.6 13.6 4, 622. 215 577. 777 Average 1 Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— May 2 754. 00 16.4 64. 600 81. 000 2.2 8.6 10.7 673.000 0.5 3 690. 00 15.3 71.721 87.021 2.2 10.4 12.6 602. 979 .5 4 724. 00 4.5.5 68. 679 114. 179 6.3 9.5 15.8 609. 821 .5 5 787. 00 25.3 62. 975 88. 275 3.2 8.0 11.2 698.725 .5 6 759.00 11.6 68. 214 79.814 1.5 9.0 10.5 679. 186 .5 7 705. 00 35.7 63. 039 , 98. 739 6.1 8.9 14.0 606. 261 .5 8 788. 00 36.7 64. 249 100. 949 4.7 8.2 12.8 687. 051 .5 9 794. 00 44.4 58. 663 103. 063 5.6 7.4 13.0 690. 937 .0 10 725.00 40.1 63.092 103. 192 5.5 8.7 14.2 621.808 .5 11 756. 00 21.8 63. 631 85. 431 2.9 8.4 11.3 670. 569 .5 12 793. 00 29.0 61.520 90. 520 3.7 7.8 11.4 702. 480 .5 13 722.00 57.0 61. 877 118. 877 7.9 8.6 16.5 603. 123 .5 Total 8, 997. 00 749. 75 378.8 31.57 772.260 64. 355 1,151.060 95. 922 4.2 8.6 12.8 7,845.940 653. 828 6.0 Average ' a No movement. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 455 Table XCIII. — Solhls balances for Series T'^Continued. ^N^o. o — Continued. 1 3 3 4 In feces 5 6 7 In feces 8 9 Borax Period and date. In food. In feces. In urine. and urine. feces, urine. (2-l)(3-l) and urine. Balance. (1-4) ad- minis- (2+3) (4-^1) tered. Preservative period — 1 Continued. Second subperiod: Grams. Grams. Grains. Grams. Perct.Perct. Per ct. Grams. Grams. 1903— MavH 707.00 (") 64. 890 64. 896 1 9.2 9.2 642. 104 0.5 15 745. 00 3S. 1 64.298 102.398 5.1 1 8.6. 13.7 642. 602 .0 16 649.00 51.2 68. 507 119. 707 7.9 1 10.6 18.4 529. 293 .5 17 092. 00 (") 64. 141 64. 141 ' 9.3 9.3 627.859 .5 IS 695. 00 14.5 62. 659 77. 159 2.1 9.0 11.1 617. 841 ..•) 19 ' 625. 00 («) 59. 098 69. 098 9.5 9.5 565. 902 .0 20 675. 00 56.6 61.274 117.874 8.4 1 9.1 17.5 557. 126 .5 21 720. 00 («) 02. 349 62. 349 8.7 8.7 657.651 .5 22 6S8. 00 .59.0 52. 254 111.2,51 8.6 7.6 16.2 576. 746 .5 23 666.00 59.1 62.328 121.428 8.9 9.4 18.2 544. 572 .0 24 674.00 22. 5 72.722 95.222 3.3 10.8 14.1 578. 778 .0 (720.00) Lost. (61.162) (8.4) .5 .^ , ( 7, 536. 00) (8, 262. 00 685. 00 (688.00) 301.0 995. 526 4.0 (9.1) 13.2 6, 540. 474 1 6.0 } Total (755.688) ( 27.4 90. .539 594. 461 Average (62.974) 1 Third subperiod: 1903— Mav26 662. 00 4.3 67.424 71.724 0.6 10.2 10.8 590. 276 0.5 27 307. 00 («) 50. 549 50. 549 16.5 16.5 256. 451 .0 28 508.00 (") 53. 526 53. .526 10.5 10.5 454. 474 .5 29 614.00 62.3 56. 560 118.860 10.1 9.2 19.4 495. 140 .0 30 632. 00 22.0 68. 355 90. 3.55 3.5 10.8 14.3 541.645 .5 31 575.00 44.8 71.669 116.469 7.8 12.5 20.3 458. .531 .5 June 1 523. 00 4.0 60. 094 64. 094 0.8 11.5 12.3 458. 906 .0 2 539.00 38.3 63. 846 102. 146 7.1 11.8 19.0 436. 854 .0 3 519.00 48.7 61.317 110.017 9.4 11.8 21.2 408. 983 .5 4 .598. 00 17.7 59. 903 77. 603 3.0 10.0 13.0 520. 397 .5 5 50.5.00 (") 53.632 53.632 10.6 10.6 451.368 .5 6 650.00 .57.6 73. 662 131.262 8.9 11.3 20.2 518. 738 .5 Total 6,632.00 553. 00 299.7 2.5.0 740. 537 61.711 1,040.237 86.711 5, 591. 763 466.289 5.5 Average 4.5 11.2 1.5.7 Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 64.5.00 («) 51.266 51.266 7.9 7.9 593. 734 0.5 8 608.00 («) 50. 483 50. 483 8.3 8.3 557.517 .5 9 637.00 58.3 59. 3.55 117.6.55 9.2 9.3 18.5 519. 345 .0 10 673.00 i") 05.974 65. 974 9.8 9.8 607.026 .5 11 616.00 ki 64. 937 119.037 8.8 10.5 19.3 496. 963 .5 12 637.00 22.0 70. 080 92. 680 3.5 11.1 14.5 544.320 . 13 619. 00 67.2 71.315 138.515 10.9 11.5 22.4 480. 485 ..T 14 .552.00 (") 54.938 .54. 938 10.0 10.0 497. 062 .5 15 603.00 34.9 62. 681 97. .5«1 5.8 10.4 16.2 505. 419 .5 16 610.00 24.5 61.929 86. 429 4.0 1 10.2 14.2 523.571 .5 17 693. 00 56.9 64.467 121.367 8.2 9.3 17.5 571.633 ..T 18 677.00 46.8 66. 567 113.367 6.9 9.8 16.7 563. 633 . •! 19 710.00 («) 59.226 59. 226 8.3 8.3 6.50. 774 . .1 20 614.00 102.2 65. 489 167.689 16.6 10.7 27.3 446.311 .r> Total 8,891.00 63.5.00 406. 9 33.4 869. 307 62.093 1,336.207 95. 493 5.2 1 9.8 1.5.0 7,5.57.793 639.507 7.0 Average Entire pre8e^^'ative perioa: Total j Average •; 32,0.59.00 (.32,78.5.00) 6.54. (XJ ((Wi.OO) 1 446.4 4,523.030 4.6 14.1 27,536.970 24.5 (3,137.792) (9.6) 29.5 92.307 661. 693 (62.750) A/Ur jicrujd. 1903— June 21 .595. 00 (") 6-1.. 51 8 61.518 10.8 10.8 580.482 22 674.00 40.5 51.764 92. 2(M 6.0 7.7 13.7 681.736 707. 00 16.0 65. :wi SI. 386 2.3 9.2 11.5 6Z5.614 21 716. 0(J 43.0 56. 602 99. cm 6.0 7.9 13.9 610.398 25 715.00 69.0 64. 107 V£i. 107 8.3 9.0 17.2 691.893 26 643. 00 42.0 64.5«;8 96. 5. 631 114.031 10.5 14.3 24.8 844.969 29 619.00 16.0 00.282 70. 282 2.6 9.7 12.8 j 642.718 Total .5,79-1.00 296.1 541.883 836. 9Ki 1 6.1 9.4 1 14.4 4,957.017 Average CH.OO 32.8 60.209 93.009 550.091 1 1 oNo movement. 456 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCIII. — Solids balances for Series T'~Continued. 3Sro. 6. Period and date. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-1) It In feces and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Bora.x ad- minis- tered. Fore period. 1903— April 2i Grams. (603.0) 495.0 521.0 543.0 512. 557.0 498.5 505. Grams. Lost. 26.7 30.0 20.9 31.3 27.2 44.2 (") Grams. (38.495) 45. 455 48. 090 42. 210 47. 757 47. 195 49. 470 45. 510 (reams. Per ci. Per ct. (6.4) 9.2 9.2 7.8 9.3 8.6 9.9 9.0 Per ct. ""ii.'e' 15.0 11.6 15.4 13.4 18.8 Grams. 564. 505 422. 845 442. 910 479. 890 432. 943 482. 605 404. 830 459. 490 Grams. 25 72. 155 78. 090 63. 110 79. 057 74. 395 93. 670 5.4 5.8 3.8 6.1 4.9 8.9 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 Total.. j 3,631.5 180.3 505. 987 5.0 '"(8'6) 14.0 3, 125. 513 (4,234.5)1 (364.182) Average >. 519.0 (529. 0) 2.5.8 72. 284 446. 716 (45. 523) Preservative period. First subperiod: 1903— Mav 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 512.0 563.0 456. 559. 561.0 514.0 539.0 533. 484. 5 552. 473.0 516. 32.8 34.3 25.0 18.1 28.1 47.2 («) 48.6 35.7 9.2 17.1 30.8 51. 680 50. 530 47. 310 42. 450 48. 190 50. 100 44.955 48. 515 49. 392 46. 865 48. 835 51. 730 84. 480 84. 830 72. 310 60. 550 76. 290 97. 300 44. 9-55 97. 115 85.092 56. 065 65. 935 82. 530 6.4 6.1 5.5 3.2 5.0 9.2 ""9."i' 7.4 1.7 3.6 6.0 10.1 9.0 10.4 7.6 8.6 9.7 8.3 9.1 10.2 8.5 10.3 10.0 16. 5 15.1 15.9 10.8 13.6 18.9 8.3 18.2 17.6 10.2 13.9 16.0 427. 520 478.170 383. 690 498. 450 484. 710 416. 700 494. 045 435. 885 399. 408 495. 935 407. 066 433. 470 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total Average 6, 262. 5 521.9 326.9 27.2 580. 552 48. 379 907. 452 75. 621 5.2 9.3 14.5 5,365.048 446. 279 5.0 Second subperiod: 1903— May 14 ■ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 538.0 536.0 467.0 505. 542. 493.0 521.0 510.0 589.0 427.0 527. 482. 22.1 41.5 23.0 10.3 30.1 34.9 29.6 37.5 23. 8 26.2 38.4 19.4 49.210 41.540 45. 4.55 53. 310 44.247 48. 350 49.049 48. 500 50. 100 48. 440 49. .578 43. 500 71.310 83. 040 68. 4.55 63. 610 74. 347 83. 250 78. 649 86. 000 73. 900 74. 640 87. 978 62. 900 4.1 7.7 4.9 2.6 5.6 7.1 5.7 7.4 4.0 6.1 7.3 4.0 9.2 7.8 9.7 10.6 8.2 9.8 9.4 9.5 8.5 11.3 9.4 9.0 13.3 15.6 14.6 12.6 13.8 16.9 15.1 16.9 12.5 17.4 16.7 13.0 466. 690 452. 960 398. 545 441.390 467. 653 409. 750 442. 351 424. 000 515. 100 352. 360 439. 022 419. 100 0.5 '.f> .5 .5 .5 . 5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 6,137.0 511.0 336.8 28.1 571. 279 47. 606 908.079 75. 673 5.5 9.3 14.8 5,228.921 435. 327 6 Average Third subperiod: 1903— May 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 365. 512.0 509.0 547.0 457.0 476.0 389. 513.0 551.0 572.0 500.0 483.0 16.5 (a) 51.3 54.6 10.9 20.9 35.2 35.2 28.7 17.8 28.2 15.5 47. 000 45. 451 50. 935 43. 970 58. 870 44. 980 46. 360 49. 010 45. 070 49. 030 48. 020 47. 230 63. 500 45. 451 102. 235 98. .570 69. 770 65. 880 81.560 84. 210 73. 770 66. 830 76. 220 62. 730 4.5 "io.'i' 10.0 2.4 4.4 9.0 6.9 5.2 3.1 5.6 3.2 12.9 8.9 10.0 8.0 12.9 9.4 11.9 9.6 8.2 8.6 9.6 9.8 17.4 8.9 20.1 18.0 16.3 13.8 20.9 16.4 13.4 11.7 15.2 13.0 301.500 466. 649 406. 765 448. 430 387. 230 410. 120 307. 440 428. 790 477. 230 506. 170 423. 780 420. 270 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Total 5, 874. 490.0 314.8 26.2 575. 926 47. 994 '890. 726 74. 227 5.4 9.8 15.2 4,983.274 415. 773 6.0 Average Fourth subperiod: 1903— June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14. 540.0 506.0 509. 556. 552.0 492.0 438.0 488. 34.1 34.2 35.4 12.2 22.4 29.5 22.0 41.6 47. 230 40. 570 42. 792 47. 105 38. 855 61.465 49. 070 49. 220 81.330 74. 770 78. 192 59. 305 61.255 80. 965 71.070 90. 820 6.3 6.8 7.0 2.2 4.1 6.0 5.0 8.5 8.7 8.0 8.4 8.6 7.0 10.5 11.2 10.1 15.0 14.8 15.4 10.7 11.1 16.5 16.2 18.6 458. 670 431. 230 430. 808 496. 695 490. 745 411. 035 366. 930 397. 180 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .0 .0 .0 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 457 Table XCIII. — Solids halances for Series ]' — Continued. IN"o. 6— Continued. 1 Period and date. In feces S In urine. J^reserralirc period — Continued. Fourth subperioil — Continued. 1903— ,Iune 1.5 16 17 18 19 20 Graiiii'. Grams. .102.0 27.1 J46.0 28.1 576.0 (a) 569. 73.2 454.0 (o) (49.5.0) Lost. In feces and urine. (2^3) In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-^1) 8 In feces and Balance, urine. I (1—4) (4-1) I Grams. 47. 530 44. 170 40. 295 45.475 34.985 (45.305) Total Average 6,628.0 I 359.8 (7,123.0)1 ' (624.067) 510.0 27.7 I (.509.0ll I (44..576) Grams. 74. 630 72. 270 40. 295 118.675 34.985 938. 562 Per rt. .5.4 6.3 Entire preservati period: Total Average / 24,901.0 ■\ (2.5,396.0) (l 508.0 •\ (5U8.0) 1,338.3 3,644.819 (2,3.51.824) 27.3 74.384 I (47 036) Per ct. 9.5 9.9 7.0 8.0 1.1 (9.2) (8.8) Per ct. 14.9 16.2 7.0 20.9 1.1 Grams. 427. 370 373. 730 535. 705 450. 325 419. 015 449. 695 9 Borax ad- minis- tered. Grams. 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 5, 689. 438 2.5 437. 803 (9.3) 21,256.681 433.616 After period. 1903— .lune 21.... 51X). 530. .555. .545. 517. 637.0 560. 600.0 555. 26.5 51.3 36.3 5.5.2 (a) 12.0 70.0 24.5 (a) 45. 305 44. 590 45. 645 37. 456 45. 950 38. 370 49. 224 50. .596 41. 775 Total 4,999.0 Average i 5.55.0 275. 8 30.6 398.911 44.323 71. 95. 81. 92. 45. 50. 119. 75. 41. .5.3 9.1 14.4 9.7 8.4 18.1 6.5 8.2 14.7 10.1 6.9 17.0 8.9 8.9 1.9 6.0 7.9 12.5 8.8 21.3 4.1 8.4 12.5 7.5 7.5 428. 195 434.110 473. 0,55 452. 344 471.050 586. 630 440. 776 524. 904 513.225 674.711 74. 968 13.5 4,324.289 I 480. 032 ('Xo movement. Tabi.k XCIV. — SiiiiniKtrij of noli ih li((l 37.0 95. 747 569. 253 (58. 798) BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 459 Table XCIV. — Suinmanj of solid s halanceK for Serks T— Continued. yi-ve iTien.. Period. 1 3n food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-M) 6 In urine. (3-^1) 7 In feoe.s and urine. (4-1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Fore period. Ko. 1 Grams. .. 4,335.5 f -1,303 •1: (-1,884) f 3,624 •1 ts 1d3^ Grams. 196.1 156.9 Grams. 425. 811 Grams. 621. 911 528.177 Per ct. 4.5 3.6 Per ct. 9.8 "(8.'7) ■■(9."8) 9.6 "(8."6J Per ct. 14.3 12.3 Grams. 3, 713. 589 3, 774. 823 Grams. No. 2 (427. 153) 173.2 524.843 4.8 14.6 3,099.157 Ko. 3 (404. 504) 513.285 "'(364."i82) 5,351 3,631.5 (4.234.5) 215. 5 180.3 728.785 505. 987 4.0 5.0- 13.6 14.0 4, 622. 215 3,125.513 Ko. 6 -{ 91 945 n 922.0 2,909.703 4.3 "(g.'s) 13.7 18,335.297 Total ■\. (22,948.0) f .5Qn (2,1*4.935) 25.6 80.814 509. 186 Average ■{ 1. (588.4) (54.742) , Preservative perio First subporiod: No. 1 No. 2 7, 715 7,336 6,489 [7,045] 8,997 6, 262. 5 389.4 326.2 748.818 625. 285 576. 352 1,138.218 9.51. 485 8.53. 952 5.0 4.4 "[i'.s] 4.2 5.2 9.7 8.5 8.9 14.8 13.0 13.2 6, 576. 782 6, 384. 515 5, 635. 048 6.0 6.0 ■{ 1 6.0 6.0 No. 3 [303. 6] 378.8 326.9 No 5 772.260 580. 552 1,151.060 907.452 8.6 9.3 12.8 14.5 7,845.940 5, 355. 048 No. 6 f 5.0 Totiil 36, 799. 5 rs7 s.^.^ .^1 [i,'724.'9i 3,303.267 5, 002. 167 "■[4." 6] 9.0 13.6 31, 797. 333 29. f '' 'fi94 55.988 84. 788 539.212 Average '] l [623] [28.7] Second subperiod No.l No.2 No. 3 7,630 6, 726 7,292 7,536 (8,262) 6,137 357.3 299.3 313.6 301.0 706. 217 588. 088 636.016 1,063.517 887.388 948. 616 995. 526 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.0 9.3 8.7 8.7 "■(9.'i) 9.3 13.9 13.2 13.0 13.2 6, 566. 483 6, 838. 612 6, 343. 384 6, 610. 474 6.0 6.0 6.0 1 6.0 No. 5 (755. 688) 671.279 No. 6 336.8 908.079 4, 803. 126 5.5 14.8 5, 228. 921 6.0 ./ 3.5,321 CAP, (U7^ 1,608.0 4.6 "(9.'0) 13.0 30, 517. 874 30.0 Total (3,266.288) ( 599 27.3 81 455 . - 517. 545 Average... (54.271) ^ ' Subperifxl.s 1 and I: •1 ■1 •1 '] •| ./ 72 120.5 9,805.293 13.6 62,315.207 69.0 Total (72, 846. 5) [72,676.5] 611 [3,' 332.' 9] (6,559.565) (9.0) [4.6] 83.071 527. 929 Average... (55. 122) ■[28.0] Third nultperiod: 6, 955 (7,5«M) 5, .547 6,-500 (7,076) 6,632 5.874 346.0 1,016.352 "sis.or.i' 877. K16 5.0 'Kb' 4.6 ■■(9."6) 9.7 ■■(9.'6) 11.2 9.8 14.6 5,938.648 } 6.0 No. 1 (727.465) 537.361 No. 2 277.7 296.1 14.7 13.5 4,731.939 6, 622. 181 6.0 1 6.0 No. 3 (637.770) 740. 537 575. 92(i No.5 No. fi 299.7 314.8 l,frI0.237 890, 726 4.5 .5.4 15.7 15.2 5,591.763 4,983.274 6.5 0.0 Total ! 31,50H 1,534.3 (3,'2i9.'659) 4,640.192 4.9 "(9.'8) 14.7 26,867.808 29. 5 1 V-.;— ' 26.5 MO (Ml» 462,997 .\ verage . . . •1 13 1 (545) (58.6fti)| fiiibi»eriodKl,2,anf 103,628.5 (105, .539. 5) riiu itii w '[i.'HCT.'ij (9'778.'fli4) 14.445.485 ■■(9.'3) 18.9 89,183.015 88.5 ■ [4.7] 82.077 600.923 AveraKe... (54.029) [27.5] 1 ■■■■■ 1 " ■ ■ 1 1 1 460 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Table XCIV. — Summary of solids balances for Series T"— Continued. Six ixien. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (2-1) 6 In urine. (3-4-1) 7 In feces and urine. (4^1) 8 Balance. (1-4) 9 Pre- serva- tive ad- minis- tered. Fore period. No.l Grams. 4,335.5 4,303 (4, 884) 3,624 a 1431 Grams. 196.1 1.56. 9 Grams. 425. 811 Grams. 621. 911 528. 177 Per ct. 4.5 3.6 Per ct. 9.8 ■"(8.' 7) "(9.' 8) 10.4 Per ct. 14.3 12.3 Grams. 3,713.589 3,774.823 Graiiif. No. 2 • (427. 153) 1 173.2 524. 843 4.8 14.5 3, 099. 157 No. 3 (404. 504) 373. 266 ^- > ll 'S.'^9S' 527. 866 ■■■[4."4i 4.0 5.0 14.7 3, 070. 134 ^("■■^ { r4 1031 [180. 4] 215; 5 180.3 No.5 5, 351 3, 631. 5 (4.234.5) 513. 285 728. 785 505. 987 9.6 ■■(8."6) 13.6 14.0 4, 622. 215 3,12.5.513 No. 6 ■ (364. 182) ( 24, 843. (26, 546. 0) [25, 348. 0] .578 (577) [576] 3,437.569 13.8 21,405.431 Total . \ . l'-.^50S.2m 1 (9.4) [1,102.4] [4.3] 1 79. 906 ; 498. 094 Average I (54.526) [2.5.1] Preservative jjeriiid . First subperiod: No.l No. 2 7,715 7,336 389.4 326.2 748. 818 625. 285 576. 352 1,138.218 951. 485 853. 952 5.0 4.4 ■■■[4.' 3] 4.8 4.2 5.2 9.7 8.5 8.9 14.8 13.0 13.2 6, 576. 782 6,384.515 6,635.048 6 6 6489 } « 6 6 5 ^'0-3 { f7:oi^l [303. 6] 278.1 378.8 326.9 No. 4 No.5 No.6 5, 797 8,997 6,262.5 645. 925 772. 260 580. 552 924. 025 1,1.51.060 907. 452 11.1 8.6 9.3 15.9 12.8 14.5 4, 872. 975 7,845.940 5, 355. 048 Total 1 42, .596. 5 [43, 152. 5] 600 "'[2,' 663.' 6] 3, 919. 192 5, 926. 192 """[4." 6] 9.3 13.9 36, 670. 308 35 55. 622 83. 422 516. 578 -^^erage | ^-^^^^ [27.8] *- -* Second subperiod; No. 1 7,630 6,726 357. 3 706. 217 588. 088 635. 016 720. 683 1,063.517 887. 388 948. 616 1,024.483 995. 526 "908." 679' 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.0 5.5 9.3 8.7 8.7 10.8 "(9.i) 9 .'i 18.9 13.2 13.0 15.4 13.2 6,566.483 5,838.612 6, 343. 384 5, 630. 517 6, 540. 474 6 No. 2 6 No. 3 7,292 313.fi 6 No. 4 6, 655 7,536 (8,262) 6,137 303.8 301.0 No.5 1 No.fi } " 6 (755.688) 571. 279 336. 8 14.8 5, 228. 921 1 41 . 976 1,911.8 5, 827. 609 4.6 ""(9.'3J 13.9 36, 148. 391 36 Total 1 (4.7702) (3,976.971) ^^'erage {j ^Ig, 26.9 82. 052 508. 948 (.55.236) Subperiods 1 and 2: 84. 572. 5 11,7.53.801 13.9 72,818.699 j 71 Total \\ (85/298.5) (7,926.163) "■■[4." 6] (9.3) [85,128.5] [3, 914. 8] t 596 82. 787 513 2i3 Average V' (.596) (.55. 428) r5951 [27.4] 1 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 461 Tablk XCV. — (ieneral summary of Kolids balances. Period and series. I In food. In feees. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine. (2+3) 5 In feces. (24 1) 6 In urine. (3-M) 7 In feces and urine. (44-1) 8 Balance. (1^-4) Fore period: f / -{ Grams. 20, 603. 9 (21,246.0) 9, 418. (12,074.0) 22 794.-5 Grams. 865.5 Grams. Grams. 2,872.468 Perct. 4.2 Perct. ■■(9.' 7) ■(io-'o) Pel- ct. 13.9 Grams. 17, 731. 432 (2,067.500) 44-5.8 1,391.341 4.7 14.8 8,026.659 (1,203.243) 3,051.700 13.4 19 74'' 800 III (23,392.5) [23,438.-5] 14,634.0 (1-5,272.0) 13, 310. 5 (l:i,829..5) (2,667.200) (11.4) [890. 0] 580.8 4.0 1,997.830 "(9-'6) "(9-'7) 13.6 12, 636. 670 (1,466.270) 584.8 1,87-5.-539 4.4 14.1 11 434 961 V (1,343.600) 71,:542.9 (73,740.0) [71,986.9] 631.4 (630. 3) [631.-5] 9,797.037 13.7 61 545 863 Total (7,544.570) (10.2) [2, 921. 1] [4.1] 86. 699 -544 701 (64. 484 > [2.5.6] Presenative i>triod: Serie.s I 45,789.4 (47,043.9) 14, 703. (16,182.0^ 30, 075. 5 ai, 90.5.0 92,6-54.0 (94,-56-5.0) [93,210.0] 2, 101. 8 '(4,'.59i.'976) '(i,'62i.'332') 3,023.600 3,217.282 '(8,'76i.'62i) 6,-57-5.180 4.6 "(9.'8) "(io.'o) 10.1 9.2 14.4 39, 214. 220 11" 764. 2 2,2,50.567 5.2 15. 3 12,452.433 Ill 1,188.9 1,632.1 4,212.500 4, 849. .382 12,883.092 4.0 4.7 14.0 13.9 13.9 25, 863. 000 IV --- 30, 0-55. 618 ■1 79, 770. 908 V (9.2) [4,382.4] [4.7] 203, 423. 9 (206, .589. 4) [203, 979. 9] 627. 9 (627.9) [627.6] 1 28,-520.154 14.0 174,903.746 Total (19,-533.879) (9.5) [9, 305. 2] [4.6] 88.025 539. 875 (-59.373) [28.6] After period: Series I 36, 328. 5 (.36,9-56.5) 1,672.4 '(3,' 374.' 269) 4,983.999 4.6 "(9.'i) 13.7 31,344.-501 II « 18,018.6 (19,222.6) [18,-538.6] 12,-591.0 17,292.0 (17,930.0) 2,303.800 12.8 15, 714. 800 Ill (1,702.-500) (8.9) [714.0] .564.5 960.9 4.5 5.6 IV 1,260.107 '(!,' -587.' -5-53) 1,824.607 2, 488. 310 10.0 "(8.'9) 14.5 14.4 10, 766. 393 V 14,803.690 84,2:}0.1 (Wi, 700.1) [84,7-50.1] 614. 8 (614.9) [614.1] 11,600.716 13.8 72 629.384 Total (7,924.429) (9-1) [3,911.8] [4.6] 84.677 ■530. i23 (56.202) [28.3] 1 aXbu tieriet) nut included in total; all members ill in after period. 462 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. SAMPLES OF RECORD AND CAIiCTJIiATION FORMS. Daily Chart. [To be filled out by each member of the Hygienic Table.] Name and number: F. C. W., No. 2. Date: April 25, 1903. Temper- ature (sublin- gua). F.° Hour. Pulse (beats per minute). Hour. Weight stripped (kilos). Hour. 98.4 98.4 B.20 6 92 87 5.20 6 72.67 5 p. m. Stools. Hour. Urine. Weight (grams). Consistence. ot Volume (cc). Hour. 139.0 Firm, light. H a. m. 100 100 100 100 100 300 11 a. m. 2 p. m. SjTnptoms (normal, pains, colds, feverish, etc.): 5 p. m. 8 p. m. 11 p. m. 7.30 a. m. a Firm, soft, very soft, semiliquid. 66 Meal Report, Hygienic Table. dinner menu. Sunday, April ^6, Name and number of member, F. C. W. , No. 2. Roast chickenl Roast turkey / Creamed potatoes 100 Fresh peas 75 Cranberries Fresh strawberries 100 Bread 75 Butter 13.5 Sugar.. 30 Coffee Cocoa Tea Milk"! !!"!!]!!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! 400 Water K. B. — Each space must be filled out either with a figure or a dash. WOS. grams. grams. grams. grama. grams. grams. grams. grams. cc. cc. cc. cc. cc. BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 463 ^Iexus for the Hygienic Table. srxDAY. BreaJcfast. — Apple?, oranges, bananas, or grapefruit, oatmeal, eggs, potatoes, (^ra- ham gems, bread, butter, sugar, coffee, cocoa, tea, milk, water. Lunch. — Ox-tail soup, pears, l)read, butter, etc. Dinner. — Eoast chicken or turkey, creamed potatoes, peas, cranberries, ice cream, bread, butter, etc. MONDAY. Breakfast. — Fruit, shredded wheat biscuit, beefsteak or eggs, potatoes, breads butter, etc. Lunch. — Chicken gumbo soup, cherries, bread, butter, etc. Dinner. — Leg of lamb or roast beef, potatoes, peas or tomatoes; currant jelly, rice pudding, bread, butter, etc. TIESDAY. Breakfast. — Fruit, cream of wheat, eggs or pork chops, potatoes, muffins, bread,, butter, etc. Lunch. — Vegetable soup, ])eaches, bread, butter, etc. Dinner.^^lutton or veal cutlets, peas, potatoes, grape jelly, pears, cheese, bread, Ijutter, etc. WEDNESDAY. Breakfa-^t. — Fruit, grapenuts, pork or beefsteak, potatoes, bread, butter, etc. Lunch. — Mock turtle soup, pears, bread, butter, etc. Dinner. — Boast beef, peas, potatoes, currant jelly, corn starch pudding, bread, butter, etc. THCKSDAY. Breakfast. — Fruit, knrn krisp, beefsteak or pork chops, potatoes, Graham gems, T)read, butter, etc. Lunch. — Ox-tail souji, peaches, bread, butter, etc. Dinner. — Roast chicken or turkey, potatoes, peas, (Tanberries, ice cream, bread, butter, etc. FRIDAY. Breakfast. — Fruit, oat meal, oysters or eggs, potatoes, l)aked beans, bread, but- ter, etc. Lunch. — Pea soup, pears, bread, butter, etc. Dinner. — Pork, j)otatoes, Lima beans, tapioca, currant jelly, l)rea(l, butter, etc. SATIRDAY. Breakfast. — Fruit, malta vita, ))eefsteak or veal cutlets, j otatoes, bread, Initter, etc. Lunch. — Consomme, peaches, l)read, butter, etc. Dinner. — Leg of lamb or roa«t p COOl o o . 2150 . 9050 .4100 .7089 o a; CM s o it iCO coco c-i as .7306 .3050 .2111 .2860 6 o a d 1 3 X! ID =+-( O S 1 a o u 9 Ash (10 by 19). I 8 Fat (10 by 18). Per ct. 0.185 13. 210 .340 1.070 .189 1.220 .000 .180 27. 540 .342 .461 3.070 .178 9.980 .348 .776 .177 .210 .000 .186 9.900 .356 .465 .000 .183 13.330 .335 2.500 7 (10 by 17.) 1 6 (10 by 16.) Per ct. PhiH'-i Per ct. 0.194 .475 .110 .452 .199 .070 .038 .189 .412 .110 .116 .248 .187 .580 .112 . 756 .186 .081 .017 .198 .492 .115 .117 .038 .193 .501 .108 .238 4 Nitro- gen (10 by 14). Per ct. 1.340 2.340 .332 1.420 1.370 .660 .045 1.300 3.700 .333 .537 .656 1.290 5.050 .339 1.910 1.280 .280 .033 1.350 4. 690 .347 .541 .045 1.330 2.090 .327 .716 3 Water (10 by 13). Per ct. 29.48 70.00 79.80 7.57 27. 79 88.03 68.33 31.28 47.93 79.73 87.92 60.37 32. 05 57. 48 79. 35 5.19 32. 32 83.97 76.84 28.92 60.69 78.93 87.81 68.33 29.98 70.52 79. 16 73.29 Com- bus- tion (10 bv 12). Cal- ories. 3.000 2. 150 .826 3.940 3.060 .619 2. 830 2.920 3.960 .830 .573 1.790 2.890 2. 570 .845 4.040 2.870 6.850 2.070 3.020 2.490 .865 .578 2.830 2.980 2.110 .814 1.190 1 Solids (100 per cent — 3). Per ct. 70. 52 30.00 20.20 92.43 72.21 11.97 31.67 68.72 52.07 20.27 12. 08 39.63 67.95 42. 52 20. 65 94.81 67.68 16.03 23.16 71.08 39.31 21.07 12.19 31.67 70.02 29. 48 20.85 26. 71 M C-I ft < Is ^^ 0) M a c c sit ft o -^ a cq ft "-<'? i-Ta s c 4- c p: "1 c a. P- c C ■p id CM ft < •A 1 a Q c c D. a C 1 h-1 ft o o o a id t-- ft i-To CfC C S c PC a C c a. i p. a .E a a. ft < ■5"^ ^ c C-i P5 be be 3 a a£ ccP- '5 J3 •(;stoui) qranii t^u^S c 2 a- IT 1 oc 1 oc cr ■^ oc 0' oc c to g 1 CT 1 I iC 1 i> ■^ to BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 465 - - 3 5 i i ^ « 1 g. :i § o CO CO § 88 S >re--c (N s Ire iC s ?i JO 3 :2 ?! 3 •o 0:0 tN -^ iC CM CJ 3 -H ^ IC oc cs — « ic r^ oc i-H ^ C^ ^* C^' iC CC TT iC ■re -x X ire ire o - o o iji -1" .CO o o 1 i CO ^ oooco i^ -r -X) jc 1^ OOlCOOi -rr -^ CO CC '^ Oco CO 1 CO s s X ire X s •^ 3S S:t§52 S ^W iCI^1«r-^ Iff CI 05 0^ Ci Oi Oi S3 1~ 3 s S 05 Ol I'M ^ o i 1 1-":^ 00 -^ r-i TT ix?ocs Xr-to^ o»co'-o oaQf- '^ Oi CO to -T *i ci -r i-H ci -r 'J5 CO ire •2 CO o -J5 CO d> ri M CI ire c-i m co ire Oireg> •n-rfi CI -r ".T ire d CO CO --o CO ire T o X siXi rt I- S ^ 55 X 1— ci ci 1-^ 'T 30 XX o> ?< ui I- ci d « oc •« ov CO o a> or-o 3-5'i~.-r-i"ire i~oao oicoa>o>-fx CI 1^ X c-i ire 1- X ov '-o d ire ire o ire CO so g ci i~ oi -r 3 ire r-^ C> X !0 CO ■£ I— I- CO -c OT o ire OS 1^ OS ^ CI -r X ire X '-o i« CO -r !>■ = so oo^io X SSire o Qosi qoi--'coo oocio 02 ci go i;- coop S-rr- i~«i-« ^ *5'* ^ 0$J-i 5i-cox-i— xcocn- 33x SSiS'SSfc x^o xr»r-t» CO oox o» »-ici'.s a>cocdicci".o i-.-r«o> o>Xf-i o>o>xio-) 53§ § CO E5 i s COOO .264 1.760 .576 .835 .264 14 Nitro- gen. y o 3 00 1.390 .593 1.630 1.820 o CO 00 o X oco 0105 COiO 1. 8-20 6.570 1.390 2.500 1.820 13 Water. 4.80 86.65 3.41 4.15 Tji •a OiC OOCO ^CD 4.16 2.65 4.80 6.08 4.15 13 Com- bus- tion. 1 cc'O o s 3. 950 .633 4. 520 4.070 i CO o o o oco OicD CO o o -*- 3. 9.50 4.1.51 4.070 11 Solids (100 per cent- 13). ^00 in oo 95.20 13.35 96.59 95.85 8 00 .6 00 ifi CO CS I-H 95.85 97.35 95.20 93.32 95.86 10 Factor (1- 11). o ^ ^ .2056 .9360 .3188 .7224 o 00 1 . 0839 . 2951 . 2100 .2320 < . 7363 0) o s .Q m 1 O c o o p. a o 9 Ash (10 by 19). "c!^ ^ 8 Fat (10 by 18). Per ct. 0.176 .210 .000 .182 •23. 700 .480 .476 2. 4.50 .181 4. 650 .489 1.070 .180 1. 2^20 .000 .190 11.570 .496 .496 .000 .172 13. 550 .489 2.030 .185 .000 .210 7 (10 by 17). (5^ 6 (10 by 16). u:*^ .« o-^-^ w p,.^^ Per ft. 0. 186 .081 .017 .191 .376 .119 .120 .219 .191 .5^20 .f21 .452 .190 .070 .038 .199 .388 .123 .1'24 .044 .181 .519 .121 .194 .194 .017 .081 4 Nitro- gen (10 by 14). Per ct. 1.280 .280 .033 1.320 3.890 .286 . 555 .520 1.310 3.950 .291 1.420 1.310 .660 .045 1.370 4.990 .296 .576 .125 1.240 1.940 .292 .580 1.-340 .033 .280 3 Water (10 by 13). Per ct. 32.62 83.97 76.84 30.57 52. 67 ^0.43 87.51 69.21 30.76 70.08 80.00 7.67 31. 16 88.03 68.33 27.61 55. 74 79.70 87.02 91.95 34.45 71.27 80.01 78.38 29.42 76.84 83.97 Com- bus- tion (10 by 12). ' Cal- ories. 2.860 6. 850 2.070 2.950 3.350 .815 .592 1.440 2.940 1.870 .830 3.940 2.920 .619 2.830 3.070 2.760 .841 .615 .343 2.780 2.080 .830 .963 3.000 2.070 .685 1 Solids (100 per cent— 3). Per ct. 67.38 16.03 23. 16 69.43 47.33 19.57 12.49 30.79 69. -24 29. 92 20. 00 92.43 68.84 11.97 31.67 72.39 44.26 20.30 12.98 8.05 65. 55 28. 73 19.99 21. 62 70. .58 23.16 16.03 Meal, date (1903), and description of food. Lunch, Apr. 29: Bread Tomato soup c 5 0. a c i a 0) O SS o a I c g P. 0) a a c ll 3 A C >< a. Oa o CO a u a. a S a m C O a cos PhC op: c z 1 i o a 1 J9 •(jsioin) qranu iBuag 1 5 i IS -a IS 30 Is 3 C- I s IS s '• s 1 = 1 oc c 3a s 1 1 s BORIC ACID AND BoKAX. 467 ; : : ! ^ • lO - — '- • o — o o - • X n • r< • ;X " c^ ;;•;#• ; - • o ■ M 50 - CJ o :o ■ • o c o o • CC • • .-IX Id CC ■.'' : i'^'- " fH ■c • o '• • -i iC ^ o • X • r^ ■>» •.'^ : • IC -» lf^ "^ s -.9 : 9 s c .d5 . • ■ = X ■« • 00 • . .-J CO CO o o X ■ c^ . .o« ■ iT* • *£ |S5 ; ;0»0 .C5 • ■ -^ t- - SO X Tl — -X.?: n d * ; X r;o M ^ _ e S0^050l~ "S-r ccS-i f IT 5 — i - c ^ •|1 i-T St < i s '/. czzt "■ 5 • S Q ( il' - X «i 5 5.'*: 5=1 ;J "* 1 468 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES O^ HEALTH. Amount and composition of food consumed daily by F. C. W., No. ;?, in the fore period of Series V. APRIL 24, 1903. Meal iinrt kind of food. Weight. Combustion. Water. Nitrogen. Phosphoric acid. Fat. Breakfast: Cereal, korn krisp Grams. 40 83 100 60 413 19 40 75 413 150 11.6 40 66 100 50 75 413 600 70 19 20 Calories per gni. 3.940 2.150 .826 3.000 .778 8.040 4.000 3.060 .778 2. 830 8.040 4.000 3.960 .830 .573 2.920 .778 Total cals. 158 178 83 180 321 153 160 230 321 424 92 160 261 83 29 219 321 Per cent. 7.57 70.00 79.80 29.48 86.69 12.67 Gm,s. 3 58 80 18 358 2 Per I cent. Gms. 1.420 0.57 2.340 1.94 .332 .33 1. 340; . 80 .572 2.36 . 070 . 01 1 Per cent. 0.452 .475 .110 .194 .225 .000 Gms. 0.18 .39 .11 .12 .93 Per cent. 4.070 13.210 .340 .185 3. 950 86. 490 Gms. 0.43 10.96 Vegetables, potatoes. . Bread .34 .11 16. 31 Miscellaneous — Butter 16.43 Sugar Lunch: Bread Drink, milk Dessert, peaches Miscellaneous- Butter 27.79 86.69 68.33 12.67 20 358 102 1 1.370 ..572 .045 .070 1.03 2.36 .07 .01 .199 .225 .038 .000 .15 .93 .06 .189 3. 950 .000 86.490 .14 16.31 .00 9.95 Dinner: Meat, pork Vegetables- 47.93 79.73 87.92 31.28 86.69 32 80 44 23 358 600 42 2 3.700 .333 .537 1.300 .672 2.44 .33 .27 .98 2.36 .412 .110 .116 .189 .225 .27 .11 .06 .14 .93 27. 640 .342 .461 .180 3.950 18.18 .34 Peas .23 .14 Drink- Milk 16.31 Water Dessert, tapioca ., Miscellaneous- Butter Sugar 1.790 8.040 4.000 125 153 80 60.37 12.67 .656 .070 .46 .01 .248 .000 .i7 3.070 86.490 2. 15 16.43 Total 2, 857. 5 3, 731 2,181 16.33 4.55 124. 76 APRIL 25, 1903. Breakfast: Cereal, grapenuts Meat, beef Vegetables, potatoes. . 40 80 100 50 413 - 17 20 75 413 150 14 30 66 100 50 75 413 100 19 20 4.040 2.570 .845 2.890 .778 8. 040 4.000 2. 870 .803 2. 070 8.040 4.000 2.490 .866 .578 3.020 .803 2.830 8.040 4.000 162 206 84 144 321 137 80 215 332 310 113 120 164 86 29 226 332 283 153 80 .5.19 57.48 79.35 32.05 86. 69 12.67 2 46 79 16 358 2 1.910 5.050 .339 1.290 .572 .070 0. 76 4.04 .34 .64 2.36 .01 0.756 .580 .112 .187 .225 .000 0.30 .46 .11 .09 .93 0.776 9.980 .348 .178 3.950 86.490 0.31 7.98 .35 .09 16.31 Miscellaneous^ Butter 14.70 Lunch: Bread 32. 32 86.66 76.84 12. 67 24 358 115 2 1.280 . 552 .033 .070 .96 2.28 .05 .01 .186 .225 .017 .000 .14 .93 .03 .177 4.300 .000 86.490 .13 Drink, milk 17.76 Miscellaneous- Butter 12.11 Dinner: Meat, mutton 60.69 78.93 87.81 28.92 86. 66 68.33 12.67 40 79 44 22 358 68 2 4.590 .347 .541 1. 350 .652 .045 .070 3.03 .35 .27 1.01 2.28 .04 .01 .492 .115 .117 .196 .226 .038 .000 .22 .12 .06 .15 .93 .04 9.900 .356 .467 .186 4.300 .000 86. 490 6. .53 Vegetables- .23 Bread .14 17.76 Dessert, peaches Miscellaneous — Butter 16.43 Total 2, 245 3,577 1,615 18.44 4.51 111.19 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 469 Amount and composition of food consumed daily Inj F. ('. TI'., Xo. ,^, In the fori' jieriod of Series I — Continued. APRIL JC. 1903. Meal and kind of food. Breakfast: Cereal, oatmeal Meat, eggs Vegetables, potatoes. . Bread Drink, milk Miscellaneous — Butter Sugar Lunch: Bread Drink, milk Dessert, pears Miscellaneous — Butter Sugar Dinner: Meat, chicken Vegetables — Potatoes Peas, fresh Bread Drink- Milk Water Dessert, strawberries . Miscellaneous- Butter .Sugar Grams. 1.50 80 100 50 413 19 40 413 1.50 66 413 SOO 100 17. 30 Total 3,220.5. Combustion. Calories- pergm. 1.190 2. 110 .814 2. 890' .803 7. 720' 4.000; 2.890 .803' 2.070 7.720 4.000 .774 .795 2.870 Total cat». 178 169' 81 144 332 147 160 217 332 310 108 160 183 77 60 215 332 "32 7. 720| 4.000; 13.5 120 Per rent. 73.29 70. 52 79.15 :il.93 86.66 15.70 31.93 86.66 76.84 Gms 110 .56 79| 10 358 Nitrogen. Phospl'""'' Fat acid. 24 358 115 56.19 81.85 82. 72 32.38 86.66 'gi'so 15. 70 81 62 24 358 800 92 Per rent 0. 715 2.090 . 327 1.290 .552 .113 1.290 . 5.52 .033 .113 .272 .626 1.280 . 105 .113 2,.568| 16.47 Gtns. 1.07 1.67 .33 .64 2.28 .02 .9' 2.28 .05 Per \ rent. 0.238 ..501 .108 .187 . 2251 .000 .187 . 2-.'5 .017 Per Gni.t. cent. 0. 36 2. 500 .40 13.330 .11 .:«5 .09' l.m)\ .9i. 4.300 .1 83.000 Gms. 3.75 10. 66 .34 .09 17.76 15.77 1. 780 . 13 4. 300 17. 76 .000 .00 83.000 11.62 3.04 .376, .2.5' 12. .520 8.26 .113 .11 .204 .15 . 186, . 14 . 4.57 . 46 . 461 . 36 .177 .13 .225 .93 4.3W) 17.76 . 056 .06 . OCO .000, 83.000! 14.52 4.63! 119.36 APRIL 27, 1903. Breakfast: Cereal, shredded 40 1 72 lOO .50 413 11.5 60 75 413 50 45 66 100 75 413 2.50 . KH) 19 40 3.910 3.000 .8th5 3.090 .803 7. 720 4.000 3.100 .707 4.000 ...584 3.:<70 .8:^7 2.990 .707 1.56 216 86 1.54 332 89 240 2:^2 292 200 26 222 84 224 292 8.16 .54.36 78. 8H 27. 13 81). 66 15. 70 3 39 79 14 3.58 2 l.tUiO 4.340 .■i4~ . 5.52 .113 0.66 3.12 .:» .69 2.28 .01 0.780 ..588 .115 .201 .225 .000 0.31! 0.941 .42' 15.800 . 12 . 35(! .10 .191 . 93 4. :?o 83.000 3S Meat, beef Vegetables, potatoes. . Bread Drink, milk Miscellaneoas— Butter 11.38 .36 .10 17.76 9.54 .Sugar Lunch: Bread Drink, milk .Miscellaneoas, sugar . Dinner: Soup, gravy Meat, beef 27.02 88.17 20 364 1.390 .530 1.04 2.19 .201 .225 .15 .93 .191 3.3.50 .14 13.84 89. 43 -ra. 46 79.79 29. tW 88.17 40 3.5 80 22 36.1 250 69 2 . 242 3. 920 .11 ■>. .59 .088 . :i52 . 122 .194 .226 .01 .23 2. 420 22. 090 1.09 14.58 Vegetables, jjotatoes.. Bread . 295 . 30 1.340 1.00 .fiao 2.19 . 12 . 494 .15: .184 .49 .14 Drink— .Milk .93 3.350 13.84 Water Det»ert, rice Miwelluneouj*— Kutter 1 . 610 7. 720 4. 000 161 147 68.59 16.70 .590 .59 .1131 .02 .196 .000 .20 :::::: 6.000 83.000 5.00 15.77 160 1 1 Total 2,:i92.5.. 1 3,313' 1,717 17.14 4.03 l&l. 11 _ 470 INFLUEISrCE OF FOOD PEESEKVATIVES OlST HEALTH. Amount and comjyosition of food consumed daily by F. C. W. Series V- — Continued. yo. 2, hi the fore period of APRIL 28, 1903. Meal and kind oi food. Weight. Combustion. Water. Nitrogen. Phosphoric acid. Fat. Breakfast: Cereal , cream of wheat Grams. 1.50 85 100 50 309 19 30 70 413 50 45 66 100 50 75 413 500 100 19 Calories jxr (jm. 0.976 2.430 .822 2. 780 .707 7.720 4.000 2.940 .832 4.000 2.490 2.910 .857 . 593 2.960 .832 Total cals. 146 207 82 139 218 147 120 206 344 200 112 192 86 30 222 344 Per cent. 77.70 65. 95 79.95 34.62 88.17 15.70 Gms. 117 56 80 17 272 3 Per cent. 0.559 2.260 .330 L240 .530 .113 Gms. 0.84 1 92 Per cent. 0.069 Gms. 0.10 .44 .11 .09 .70 Per cent. 0.147 17. 730 .339 .171 3.350 83. 000 Grns. 0.22 15 07 Vegetables, potatoes. . Bread .33' .109 . 62 . 180 1. 64 - "Jffi .34 09 10 35 Miscellaneous — Butter .02 .000 15 77 Lunch: Bread 30.75 86.11 22 356 1.310 .579 .92 2.39 .191 .225 , .13 .93 .181 4.500 .13 Drink, milk 18.58 Miscellaneous, sugar. . Dinner: Soup, gravy 69.14 55. 62 79.07 87.49 30.20 ■ 86.11 31 37 79 44 23 356 .421 4.640 .344 .556 1.320 .579 .19 3.06 .34 .28 .99 2.39 .192 .504 .114 .120 .192 .225 .09 .33 .11 .06 .14 .93 22. 770 14. 040 .353 .477 .183 4.500 10.25 Meat, mutton 9 27 Vegetables — Potatoes .35 Peas 24 Bread .14 Drink- Milk 18.58 Water Dessert, pears Miscellaneous, butter. 2.070 7.720 207 147 76.84 1.5. 70 77 3 .033 .113 .03 .03 .017 .000 .02 .000 83.000 "is." 77 Total ' 2, 654 3,149 2, 073 15.99 4.18 115. 15 APRIL 29, 1903. Breakfast: Cereal, grapenuts ... Meat, pork Vegetables, potatoes- Bread Drink, milk Miscellaneous — Butter Sugar Lunch: Bread Drink, milk Miscellaneous, sugar Dinner: Meat, beef Vegetables- Potatoes Peas Bread Drink — Milk Water Dessert, cornstarch . . Miscellaneous, butter Total 40 66 100 50 413 ]9 20 66 413 40 100 50 40 413 800 100 19 2,829 4.040 4.030 .872 2.860 .832 7.720 4.000 2. 860 .730 4.000 .815 .592 2. 9.50 .730 L440 7.720 162 266 87 143 344 5.19 44.22 78.65 32. 75 86.11 189 32.62 301 87.47 160 82 80.43 .so! 87. .51 118; 30.57 144! 69.21 147j 15.70 2 29 ■79 16 356 1.910 4. 360 .350 1.280 .579 .113 22 1.280 361 . 554 2,969, I 2,279 3.890 .286 .555 L320 .520 .113 0.76 2. .35 .64 2.39 .02 .84 2.29 3.11 .29 .28 .53 .52 .02 17.21 0.756 .536 .116 .185 . .225 .000 0.30 .35 .12 .09 .93 .186 .225 .119 .120 .191 0.776 27. 800 .359 .176 4.500 83. 000 .176 3.500 .480 .476 .182 .93 3.500 .219 .22, 2.450 .000 83. 000 4.55 0.31 18.35 .36 .09 18.58 15.77 .12 14.46 .48 .24 .07 14.46 2.45 15.77 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 471 [mount ami composition of food consumed daih/ fnj F. C. U'., Xo. 2, in the fore period of Series F— Continued. APRIL 30, 1903. Meal and kind of food. Weight. Combustion. Water. Nitrogen. Phosphoric acid. Fat. Calories Total Per Per Per Per Breakfast: Grams. per qm. cats. cent. Gms. cent. Gm.t. cent. Gms. cent. Gms. Cereal, kom krisji 40 3.940 158 7.57 3 1.420 0..57 0. 452 0.18 1.070 0. 43 Meat, beef 72 100 1.870 .830 135 83 70.08 80.00 50 80 3.950 2.84 .2911 .29 .520 .121 .37 .12 4. 650 .489 3 35 Vegetables, potatoes . .49 Bread 33 2 940 97 30 76 10 1 310 43 191 06 181 06 Drink, milk 413 .730 301 87.47 361 .554 '> '>^ 225 93 3 500 14 46 Miscellaneous — Butter 19 7. 720 1471 15.70 3 .113 .02 .000 83.000 15.77 Sugar 40 4.000 160 Lunch: } Bread 40 2.920 1171 31.16 12 1.310 .52 .190 .08 .180 .07 Drink, milk 413 .710 293' 87.71 362 ..512 2.11 .225 .93 3.450 14.25 Dessert, peaches 1.50 2.830 424 68.33 102 .045 .07 .038 .06 .000 Miscellaneous, sugar . 30 4.000 120 Dinner: Meat, chicken 66 2.760 182 55.74 37 4.990 3.29 .388 .26 11.570 7.64 Vegetable.*— Potatoes 100 .841 84 79. 7C 80 .296 .3(1 .123 .12 .4% .50 Peas 50 .615 31 87.02 44 .576 .29 .124 .06 .495 .25 Bread 45 3.070 138 27.61 12 1.370 .62 .199 .K .1^ .09 Drink- 1 Milk 413 .710 293 87.71 362 .512 2.11 .225 .93 3.450 14.25 Water 1,050 100 1,0.50 92 Dessert, strawberries . . 343 34 91.95 .125 .12 .044 .04 .000 Miscellaneous — Butter 19 7.720 147 1.5. 7C 3 .113 .02 .OOC 83. OOC 15.77 Sugar 30 4.0UU 120 ! Total 3,223 3, 064 2,663 15.89 1 4.23 87.38 MAY 1, 1903. Breakfast: Cereal, oatmeal 1.50 80 100 25 413 19 30 43 413 1.50 40 45 66 100 75 413 1,100 70 19 20 0.963 2.080 .830 2.780 .710 7.720 4.000 3.000 .741 2.070 4.000 1..370 3.770 .980 2.860 .741 144 166 83 70 293 147 120 129 300 310 im 62 249 98 214 30(i 78.38 71.27 80.01 34.45 87.71 15.70 118 57 80 9 362 3 0.,580 1.940 .292 1.240 .512 .113 0.87 1..55 .29 .31 2.11 .02 0.194 ..519 .121 .181 .225 .000 0.29 .42 .12 .05 .93 2.030 13.550 .489 .172 3.450 83.000 3.04 10.84 Vegetables, potatoes.. .49 .04 Drink, milk 14.25 Miscellaneous — Butter 15.77 Lunch: Bread 29.42 87. 2(; 76.84 13 360 115 1.340 .534 . 033 .58 2.21 .05 .194 .225 .017 .08 .93 .03 .185 3.700 .08 Drink, milk 16.28 Dessert, pears Miscellaneoas, sugar . Dinner: 80.61 44.62 76.40 32. 71 87. 26 36 29 76 25 360 1,100 41 8 . 360 4. 440 .345 1.280 .534 1.62 2. 93 .34 .96 2,21 .112 .448 .143 .185 .225 .05 ..30 .14 .14 .93 10.490 26. 890 .578 .176 3.700 4.72 17.75 Vegetables, potatoes. . Bread .58 .13 Drink- Milk 15.28 Water Dessert, tapioca Mi.'icellaneous — Butter 2. 200 7.720 4.0U0 i.ii 147 80 .58. 20 1.5.70 .507 .113 .35 .02 .221 .000 .15 8.400 83.000 5.88 15.77 .'^iigar Total 2,271 3.238 2,787 16.42 4.56 119.90 472 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES OJST HEALTH. '£ .5P Serial num- ber (air- dry). 5549 5560 5551 5562 565S 5554 5.655 6556 5557 5568 5659 5560 6661 5562 5563 5564 5605 5666 5567 5568 6569 6570 5671 6572 5573 .5574 .6575 5676 6577 5578 § (3 s T. "o a O c 1 c Q ►^ ■CO ■ o ■O 00 . C^ T-H ■ 00 00 22. 02 20. 32 15.06 'is.'is' 12.80 22.02 20.32 16. 05 IS. 20 IS. ]8 12. 80 22. 02 15. 05 18.20 IS. 18 12. 80 22.02 18.20 00 -tj jod ■ iK^d 12.77 8.65 13.67 'io.'gs' 12.10 12.77 S. 55 13.67 1.5. 16 10.98 12.10 12.77 13.67 15.16 10.98 12. 10 12.77 "i3."67' 15.16 • H S IS 6' oc -.o iC -SI 7.48 6.74 4.30 '.5.'44' 3.80 7.60 6 50 4.44 5.10 5.60 4.60 7.72 5.10 5.00 5.36 3.66 8.28 '5.' 64' 5.00 1^ 14 Nitro- gen. P. ct. CO 00 OCOO 4.68 4.88 5.45 "5.' 22' 5.17 4.32 3.82 5.81 5.78 4.77 4.77 4.44 5.39 5.78 4.60 5.39 4.13 "'6.' ,53' 5.98 IT 13 Water. CO CO t-oo co'co 4.92 6.43 5.86 "6"72' 6.13 4.99 5.73 6.18 5.68 .5.40 6.15 5. 75 7.26 6.72 9.87 6.88 6.38 ",5.'i4' 5.62 i 11 Solids (100 per cent — 13). f^ en CO-J5 en 02 96. 08 94.57 94.14 " '93." 2S" 93. 87 95. 01 94.27 93.82 94. 32 94.60 93.85 94. 25 92. 74 93. 28 90.13 93.12 94.62 ' '94.' 86' 94. 38 cr CT 0- o ^^ coii::c-i .oor^ Tjico^f^iooooi 00 oc^o .r-.!-^ 0.— - l-l 1. .52 1.29 .869 "i.'73" .673 1.55 1.40 .906 1..50 1.56 .896 1.84 1..54 1.53 1.98 .882 1.84 1.26 ^ 4 Nitro- gen (10 by 14). P.ct. r-5 -§■0 .930 1.10 1.10 "i.'ee" .915 .881 .825 1.19 1.71 1.33 .949 1.06 1.63 1.76 1.70 1.30 .917 "i.'s?" 1.51 03 OS- 3 Water (10 by 13). P. ct. it 80.71 78.77 81.00 '"76.' 32" 83. 41 80.64 79.66 .SO. 82 72.17 73.70 81.31 77. .58 71.97 71.. 59 66.61 77.55 78.97 ""76." 56' 76. 22 CO 2 (10 by 12). .2 ; 5 ; 1 Solids (100 per cent — 3). P. ct. X ' wo • lC CO ■ 19.29 21.23 19.00 ""29." 68' 16. ,59 19.36 20.34 19.18 27. 83 26. 30 18. 69 22. 42 28.03 28. 41 33. 39 22. 45 21. 03 "23." 44' 23.78 a c-i CO -r li-;. t- t- t- a; T-i CI CO -f lO i-(iM CO -p ur: -J r-io\ Qjl^OOO-JO ^ Z> Z^ Z^ Z^ Z> OJOj CO -T iC T-H C^ CO -1^ lO oj ^ zj zj •oi'oijajai and serial num- ber {moist). cc DO lO CODC cc 1^ lO iC !N05 . CC CNCO 0205 ES . en tH — ,0 i^ ■JO cn 5 lb ?3J .0 lC b lb i 1C--0 r-. lOiC i^ lO in BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 473 iillii u- u-; .- ts .-■: ic M M .- O X O or: = c^ — X M T'l ir: X C « M rt X M M ^ X • CO CI .-> • ji p ..-: X X ri g) p iC X X M ri ■.■; X X • I-.5 1; — X = ri x' « ..-;■ c; ri ri x' r: u-' 0" ri t^ ^ l~- -.c X ' 1^ 1- -.i — . n • ri X M .r; d • I \ '.',', ', x5?s?;?? 325H5S g=§5S : X -^ ..- - u- - X i^ -r -.ri-'; cc X t^i/: "^ >« • ■x£2!=S=^ £. r-. ^ ■N TT M U-; ut' r: -T -:- ^TX (px ■ — O O t~ C-- -- uc t^ -r S-. : X X -.= C-- o M r-i « i~ -.c X X X X '.t c-i X X S-. -i m :s ■ -■ — ■ r; -r •?; M ir; ic -r i- 'J: 3; 3 ST i 3 ^ xx-rx*i^ ^'^T^'^^^rr iiS^C"^* ?i — Ti CI ?^ ^ ?i CI r.^ 7-1 f^ .5 ^ 5i CI cj 50 O.— CI — C5i!; dCII^CICI^ CCt^ — CCf^ X CI X "-c -r ut C". o t- CI o o ci •»• ci — -x -?• w cc ■^ o ♦-^ li; ut' ci iC w' ci -^ ic cc •?• 10 .>■- -5 >= :- y ^ 2: • ■.t o — — CO i~ rf -n~ K -T -r — ih 03 5c : ci -- « « c^' — ' K ci ci -r cc r-i ci ci ci « M K — 1-*. xci «■- c;i-x«5; « — ;i • fc o cc 5i 'fi ic cixi-cu-io -c o — — = • — — — '1-* * CI — ' — *-i * — ' ci --' ^ ci ■ 5 ill— '-CI 5 ■.<; X --->■ — -S i~ — scio ■z. >r-6 -d '^ -i, — ■-ccicix-T — -raixd ! p.-/iX|,i-a; i-i-xi~-i« xi~i-i-i- • '■':;'; ;:::;: ::;:;* Ji'iX'T.'^ir.'O — CI « -r ic « « bbbbbb bt.bL.bb bbbbbb iVVVVV '£'*'£.'s£'i. jLS.££.i.i y.y.y.'?.y.y. yy.y.y.y.y, y.y.y.y.-?.y. ^:T,T.TjT,T,Tj bS^*N*Jfltl >-0t)osition of feces for the fore period of Series Y, for F. C. W., Ko. 2. Serial Date. num- ber. Weight. Total calo- Watfer. ries. Nitrogen. Phosphoric acid. Fat. Ash. Apr. 24 25 26 27 5184 5190 5196 5202a 6208b 5214 5220 5226 G-ms. 143.4 139.0 165.7 123.37 122. 18 136. 31 P.ct. 79. 22 78.77 79.66 Gms. 313.6 109.5 132.0 P.ct. 1.05 1.10 .825 Gms. 1.510 1.580 1.370 P.ct. 1.22 1.29 1.40 Gms. 1.75 1.79 2.32 P.ct. 1.86 1.92 1.85 Gms. 2.67 2.67 3.07 P.ct. 4.41 4.57 4.39 Gms. 6.32 6.35 7.27 28 29 30 Mav 1 111.7 92.0 101.1 68. 35 87.64 104. 47 85.05 76.52 74.68 95.0 70.4 75.5 .692 .986 1.14 .773 .907 1.150 1.01 1.83 2.01 1.13 1.68 2.03 1.35 2.11 2.30 1.51 1.94 2.33 3.21 5.02 5.47 3.59 4.62 5. .53 a No movement. b Lost. Amount and composition of urine for the fore period of Series V, for F. C. W., No. 2. Serial num- ber. Date. Spe- Vol- cific ume. grav- ity.a Solids per liter. Total solids. Nitro- gen per liter. Total nitro- gen. P.,05 per liter. Total P2O5. Sodium chlorid per liter. Total sodium chlo- rid. 4835... 1903. Apr. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Mav 1 Liters. 0.840 .880 .890 .780 .800 .680 .605 .745 1. 0280 1. 0244 1. 0234 1. 0276 1. 0285 1. 0327 1. 0329 1.0296 Grams. 68. 600 59. 784 57. 325 67. 616 69.845 80. 119 80. 611 72. 522 Grams. 57. 624 52.610 51. 022 52. 741 55. 876 54. 481 08. 770 54. 029 Grams. 16.8 17.7 15.8 19.4 18.8 22.1 23.8 19.3 Grams. 14.11 15.58 14.06 15.13 15.04 15.03 14.40 14.38 Grams. Not run. 3.308 3.252 3.870 3.800 4.208 4.286 3.672 Grams. '"2."9i" 2.89 3.02 3.04 2.86 2.59 2.74 Grams. Not run. Grams. 4841 ....do... 4847.. ....do... 4a53... ....do... 4859... 4865... 4871... 4877... 8.650 9.707 6.521 4.681 6. 920 6.601 3. 945 3. 487 a Urine at 25° C. compared with water at 26° C. ESTIMATE OF WORK INVOLVED. To give an idea of the volume of work involved in this investigation the following approximate estimate is given of the number of samples analyzed and the number of record and calculation forms used, though this but inadequatel}' represents the detail of the work in all its phases, when it is remembered that upon each sample determinations were made for water, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and calories. Number of samjiles analyzed, etc. [Number of days of observation, 196. ] Food samples 2, 550 Urine samijles 1,1 75 Feces samples 1, 175 Microscopical examinations: Urine 125 Blood 60 Total 5,085 Number of record sheets, balances, etc. Menu sheets 3, 618 Daily charts ( pulse, temperature, etc. ) 1 , 206 Food sheets: Amount and composition 1, 206 Calculation to fresh substance . 75 Feces sheets: Amount and composition 35 Calculation to fresh substance 65 Urine sheets 20 Balance tables 200 Total 6, 425 BORIC ACID AXD BOKAX. REFERENCES TO HEADINGS, BY SERIES. 475 Headings. Series I. Scries II. Series III. Series IV. Series V. Body weights Cilleries^: Balance Percentage eliminated Fat: Balance Percentage el imiuated Feces, compiisitioii of >[edical notes, daily Nitrogen: Balance Percentage eliminated Phosphoric acid: Balance Percentage eliminated Solids balance Urine: Microscopical examinations Nitrogen and phosphoric acid eliminated Reaction Volume, specific gravity, and total solids. Popes. S7-.S9 128-1:^2 52-57 212-2l:i 216-217 22(V221 225-226 2c!'--2:59 154-155 "167-169' Paget!. 89-91 2;«-234 236 229 231 132-135 57-62 213 217 221-222 226 239-240 199-201 156-157 1.59-160 169-171 Pages. 91 234 236 229-230 232 135-140 62-69 214 217-218 222 226-227 240-241 201-203 157 160-161 171-174 Pages. 91-92 234-235 236-237 230 232 141-146 69-74 214-215 218 222-224 227 241-242 203-204 158 161-162 174-177 92-93 235 237 230-231 232 146-151 74-81 215 218-219 224-225 '227-228 242-243 204-207 1.58 102 177-178 LIST OF TABIiES. T.MU.E 1. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX, X. XI. \II. XIII. XI v. XV. XVI. XVII. DIVISIONS Weights of subjects for Series II aixl IV (average) ■>^ FOOD WKUiHT AND lioDV WKKillT. Hatioof food weight tolxxly weight in the lore period of Series I . lO.VIOO latio of food weight to body weight in the first preHervative sub- perio.1 <.f SerieH I ; 1(H»-112 Jlatio of food weight t*> bo katir» of food weight to body weight in the third preservative ^ Hubperiod of Series 1 ' '''""" liatiooffocMl weight to b.«ly weight in the after period of Series I . I1H-I21 476 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. Page. Table XVIII. Average daily ratio of weio;ht of food to weight of body in Series I, by periods 122 XIX. Comparison of average daily ratios of food weight (moist and dry) to body weight for Series I 124 EXAMINATIONS OF BLOOD. XX. Averages of corpuscle and hemoglobin determinations for Series V, considering only Nos. 1, 3, and 5 1 27 XXI. Corpuscles and hemoglobin in the blood of subjects Nos. 1-6, as determined at various dates 128 FECES. XXII. Summary of weight and water content of feces, by series 151 TRINE. XXIII. Urine in Series II, reaction of 163 XXIV. Urine in Series III, reaction of 164 XXV. Urine in Series IV, reaction of 165 XXVI. Urine in Series V, reaction of 165 XXVII. Urine in Series II, III, IV, and V, general summary of reac- tion of 166 XXVIII. Urine, effect of temperature upon volume of 1 79 XXIX. Urine secreted, influence of preservative on volume of 179 XXX. Urine determinations for Series 1 180 XXXI. Urine determinations for Series I for six men, summary of.. 181 XXXII. Urine determinations for Series II 182-183 XXXIII. Urine determinations for the suj^plementary preservative period of Series II 184 XXXIV. Urine determinations for Series II, Nos. 7 and 10, summary of. 184 XXXV. Urine determinations for Series III 185-1 87 XXXVI. Urine determinations for Series III for Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, summary of 188 XXXVII. Urine determinations for Series IV 188-190 XXXVIII. Urine determinations for Series IV, summary of 191 XXXIX. Urine determinations for Series V 192-196 XL. Urine determinations for Series V, Nos. 1, 3, and 5, summary of 197 XLI. Urine for Series II, microscopical examinations of 207 XLII. Urine for Series III, microscopical examinations of 208 XLIII. Urine for Series IV, microscopical examinations of 209 XLI V. Urine for Series V, microscopical examinations of 230-212 i NITROGEN. XLV. Nitrogen balances for Series I 260-265 XLVI. Nitrogen balances for Series I, summary of 266-267 XLVII. Nitrogen balances for Series II - 268-273 XLVIII. Nitrogen balances for Series II, summary of 274-275 XLIX. Nitrogen balances for Series III 276-281 L. Nitrogen balances for Series III, sumi:iary of 282-283 LI. Nitrogen balances for Series IV 284-289 LII. Nitrogen balances for Series IV, summary of 290-291 LIII. Nitrogen balances for Series V 292-302 LIV. Nitrogen balances for Series \', summary of 303-305 LV. Nitrogen balances, general summary of 306 BORIC ACID AND BORAX. 477 I'HOSPIKIKR- Afll). Page. T.\BLE LVI. Phospliorio-aciil balances? for Series I :>07-312 LVII. riiosphorie-aeiil lialanees for Series I, suiiuiiary of 318 J.VIII. Phosplioric-aiid balaiu-ess for Series II ol4-3]9 LIX. Phosphorie-aeid l»alances for Series II. suiiiiiiary oi 320-321 LX. Pliosphoric-aeid balances for Series III 322-327 LXI. Phosphoric-acid balances for Series III, suniiuarv of 328-329 LXII. Phosphoric-acid balances for Series IV 330-335 LXIII. Phosphoric-acid balances for Series IV, suiiiinarv of 336-337 LXI V. Phosphoric-acid balances for Series V 338-348 LXV. Phosphoric-acid balances for Series V, suniinary of 349-352 LXVI. Phosphoric-acid balances, general snniiuary of 353 K.vr. LXVIl. Fat balances for Series II 354-357 LX VIII. Fat l)alances for Series II, sunuiiary of 357-358 LXIX. Fat balances for Series III 359-364 LXX. Fat balances fXXXIX. Solids balances for Series III 435-440 XC. Solids balances for Series HI, smmuary of 441-442 XCI. Solids balances for Series I \' 442-447 XCII Solids l)alances for Series 1 \', summary of 448 XCI 1 1. Solids balances for Series V 449-457 XCI\'. Solids balances for Series V, siumuary of 457-J60 XCV. Solids balances, general summary of 461 o tT-^ DATE DUE 1 ^ onni \ f\Mn 7?Q( 1 Of'-^ r- DEMCO 38-296 SOUTH PROPERTY QP981 * ^64 Wiley Influeno f? of food preservati^ Ai b 1 2 1952