COLUMBIA LIBRARIES OFFSITE HEALTH SCIENCES STANDARD _-., -„HX64105156 n24l .Col The medical annals Sr' pi r !rs3 Columbia ^ntbctsiitp €^nUpgp of ptfgatrtaitH anb ^urg^ona U^fj^ri^nr^ Sltbrarg (Sttipn bg rV^Ci\0(x\ V<\^v^v^ V\'3^t^. W^M'^ i ^ffSPS«tfi^» Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Open Knowledge Commons http://www.archive.org/details/medicalannalsofmOOcord I THE MEDICAL ANNALS OF MARYLAND 1799-1899 Prepared for the Centennial of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty BY EUGENE FAUNTLEROY CORDELL, M.D Baltimore, 1903 COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY THE MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND PRESS OF WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY BALTIMORE COMMITTEE ON CENTENNIAL VOLUME. WM. OSLER, M.D. THOS. A. ASHBY, M.D. HARRY FRIEDENWALD, M.D. HENRY M. HURD, M.D. GEO. J. PRESTON, M.D. CONTENTS. Preface 5-7 History 9-296 Biography 297-637 Chronology 639-732 Appendix 733-853 Presidents 733 Secretaries 734 Treasurers 734 Stock, etc 734 Library .... 735 Licenses 737 Memoirs, 738 Upton Scott 738 John Archer 746 Ennalls Martin 752 John Crawford 758 John D. Godman 771 Horatio Gates Jameson 779 George Frick 795 William Gibson 802 Charles Frick ' 807 Nathan Ryno Smith 818 Christopher Johnston 835 Francis Donaldson 842 Members Admitted Since 1899 849-853 Index 855-886 Errata, Corrections, etc 887-889 ILLUSTRATIONS. Maryland Hospital — Frontispiece. p^^j. Henry Stevenson 30 Upton Scott 62 Charles F. Wiesenthal 86 John Archer no Medical Hall I34 Dr. Archer's Diploma 158 John Crawford 182 Philip Thomas 206 Charles A. Warfield 230 Ennalls Martin 254 George Buchanan 278 John B. Davidge 302 Morgan Brown 326 Tristram Thomas 350 James Smith 374 Robert Goldsborough 398 Ashton Alexander 422 Horatio G. Jameson 446 Samuel Baker 478 Peregrine Wroth 510 George Frick 542 John D. Godman 574 Richard S. Steuart 606 Nathan R. Smith 630 Joshua I. Cohen 654 J. R. W. Dunbar 686 John R. Quinan 718 Christopher Johnston 750 Charles Frick 782 Frick Room 814 Frank Donaldson 846 PREFACE. By reference to the Transactions of the Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty for the year 1898, p. 63, it will be seen that the preparation of the following volume formed part of the plan then adopted for the due celebration and commemoration of the Centennial of the Faculty. The title selected for the work was "The Medical Annals of Maryland," and as Dr. John R. Quinan had made extensive investigations in the same field, his book was taken as the basis for the present volume. The extensive MS. additions made by him for the proposed second edition of his work, "The Medical Annals of Baltimore," were fortunately available and were turned over to the writer, who was selected to prepare the enlarged "Annals." In the original plan, it was intended to have the proceedings of the centennial meeting included in this work, but owing to the unfinished condition of the latter at the time of the publication of the Transactions of the centennial year, and the delay such an arrangement would have caused in the appearance of the Transactions, this proved to be impossible. By reference to the following pages, however, it will be seen that a very full synopsis of the proceedings of the centennial meeting is given, including copious abstracts of all the addresses made upon that memorable occasion. The plan of this work embraces three divisions: (i) An his- torical section, (2) a biographical section, (3) a chronological section. The first deals with the annals of the Society during PREFACE its century of existence, with some notice of earlier efforts at organization in the State. The second includes all who have, at any time so far as the records show, been members of the Society — about 2400 in all. During the first forty years of its existence the law required all physicians practicing in the State to obtain the license of the Faculty, hence the member- ship during that period included practically the entire pro- fession of the State. Information for this section has been sought in a thousand sources, and an extensive correspond- ence has been carried on with every section of the State, and even beyond it, for the past five years. Notwithstanding these persistent and protracted efforts, many names, as will be seen, appear with no additions. This paucity of information is par- ticularly to be deplored regarding many of the loi founders, not only because of their peculiar relations to the Society, but because of their high standing in the State, as they were chosen on account of their prominence and representative character, • In the third part extensive use has been made of Quinan's chronology, such additions being made to it as to bring it down to the centennial year. And here the writer would take occasion to make acknowledgment of the value and extent of the historical researches of the late Dr. John R. Quinan, whose unrequited labors, extending over so many years, have become the valued inheritance of us, his successors. To the Committee in charge of this volume, Drs. Osier, Friedenwald, Ashby, Hurd and Preston, the writer desires to express his thanks for their cordial cooperation and generous support. To the many, both within and without the profession, who have assisted with the biographical section, he is under the (deepest obligations. Especial thanks are due to Dr. Henry M. Hurd, who throughout the preparation of the volume, has con- PREFACE tributed his valuable time and advice in the most generous manner. And now the author leaves his work for the perusal and final judgment of his medical colleagues and of posterity. He has striven to produce a volume which will, for all time to come, be regarded as authoritative in all matters relating to the medical history of the State. He cannot, of course, expect iu such a work to have avoided error, nor does he expect to escape criticism. Whatever the judgment be, however, regarding the merits of the volume, he can claim this, that he has endeavored to be strictly impartial and to state only the truth. In conclusion, the author would recall this interesting aspect of his work : that it will form a medium between us who are now living and breathing and inheriting the land, and all the future generations of Maryland physicians. For in these pages we shall live again with them, and they, as they read, will feel our heart throbs and sympathize with our feelings, our hopes, our aspirations, long after we have returned to our mother earth, and our last resting place be forgotten. And "So shall we glide down to the sea Of fathomless eternity." THE MEDICAL ANNALS OF MARYLAND PREPARED FOR THE MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY OF MARYLAND HISTORY. The principle of cooperation is as old as human history. In aU ages of the world men, engaged in the same objects and pursuits, have united together for purposes of mutual advan- tage or protection. It is in modern times, however, that the imperative claims of the principle have been especially recog- nized and its practice enforced ; so that in every field of human effort and industry the individual worker is considered but a fraction of a grand whole, representing, in some way, the influence, the interest and the activity of each of its several, often multitudinous, components. In no department is union productive of more important and varied results than in that to which we belong. For whilst in the case of others the objects sought are almost exclusively selfish, relating almost solely to the narrow field in which they themselves operate, we are equally — indeed, I may truthfully say, most — concerned with the good of others. The protection of the health and lives of our fellow-men is our greatest concern. In seeking to subserve that purpose, we- are continually going counter to MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY our own interests. We must always find our living in dis- ease and suffering, and yet it is our continual object and effort to eradicate these from existence. Instead of welcoming them as our friends and allies, we are striving with all our faculties and energies to limit their operation. We pursue disease to its favorite haunts, its most secret recesses ; with disregard of ourselves, we investigate its causes, we study their mode of origin, their development and their avenues of distribution and transmission, and we seek out, with infinite care and labor, the agents best adapted for destroying them and limiting their operation. As prevention is better, more easily secured and more certain than cure, our efforts are increasingly directed to that, and in no respect does modern medicine contrast so strongly with that of former times as in the marvelous progress made in this field. It is especially in that large class of affec- tions known as infectious, and so often prevailing in epidemic form, that the beneficent powers of the physician are seen. To prevent these, and to limit their activity when present, con- stitute the highest aims of our greatest intellects. What we have accomplished in this direction, and also in the actual cure of disease, is well known to ourselves, at least, if not so well known and appreciated by the public at large. Diseases which once ravaged the world have almost ceased to exist, others have been shorn of their powers or brought under our control. Nor are these the only ways in which we have established our claims to the gratitude of mankind. We have pointed out better methods of living, we have taught correct principles of diet, clothing, exercise, etc., so that the human system is better prepared to resist and endure disease, and the term of human life has been prolonged. Far be it from me to belittle the work of individual physicians or to claim that these advances have been due solely to combined efforts. lo MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Nevertheless, I would claim that individual effort cannot cover so wide a field and that organization is necessary that we may meet and overcome the difficulties in our path. Indeed, there are those who think that we must rely for progress an the future upon societies and institutions, or aggregations of these — upon collective investigation, in other words. Although the advantages to be expected from association must have been always more or less obvious, the early physi- cians of this country seem to have been slow to appreciate them. Prior to the Revolution, in but one of the Thirteen Colonies had a medical society been founded, and although Maryland was one of the oldest of them, it was only seventh in point of time in being thus represented. According to Dr. J. S. Billings, "A Century of American Medicine," Am. J. Med. Sc, Oct., 1876, the following was the order of foundation: New Jersey, 1766; Massachusetts, 1781 ; Delaware and South Carolina, 1789; New Hampshire, 1791 ; Connecticut, 1792; Maryland, 1799. The College of Physi- cians of Philadelphia was instituted in 1787. All of the above are still in existence, except the South Carolina Medical Society. Of national professional feeling among the physicians of the Colonies there seems to have been none, and it was not until nearly three-quarters of a century after the Declaration of Independence that an association representing the country at large was instituted. « In the theory of our government the state, following the colony, was the unit, and it was not until after the Civil War of 1861-65 that "the doctrine of State's rights" was assigned to an entirely subordinate place in our national politics. The first national association, "The American Medical Association," held its first meeting in this city in 1848. II MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY There was but one attempt at medical organ ization in Mary- land prior to the founding of the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty. It is not unlikely, however, that the physicians in differ- ent parts of the State had occasionally met for business or social purposes. The infrequency of records of such events may well be attributed to the thinly settled country, and espe- cially to the absence of large centres of population such as were found further to the North. The following notice indicates a cooperation upon the subject of fees: "The Practitioners of Physic in this Town, think it proper to inform the public, that from the fluctuation of prices and unfixt value of money, they find it necessary to charge for their services, in country produce, or by way of barter or in money at such advance as will bear a proportion to the prices of the necessaries of hfe at the time of payment. It must be confessed that the gentlemeni of the Faculty in this Town have suffered more in respect to their bills since the commencement of the present war than any other class of men in the com- munity — the equity, therefore, of the above regulation will appear self-evident to every unprejudiced person. The indi- gent sick may nevertheless apply and they shall be attended to as usual with tenderness and charity. — Ch. Wiesenthal, S. S. Coale, M. Haslett, F. Ridgely, John Boyd, W. Beard, Th. Andrews, John Lebesius." (Md. J. & Bait. Advr., Nov. 30, 1779.) • See also "Letter to the Inhabitants of Baltimore," id., June 22, 1790, in which Dr. George Buchanan suggests a registration of deaths, the formation of a public park, and the organization of "a humane society," and "Appeal for the Establishment of a Humane Society," id., July 9, 1790, signed by George Brown, Andrew Wiesenthal, Lyde Goodwin, S. S. Coale, James Wyn- 12 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY koop, Geo. p. Stevenson, Miles Littlejohn, Geo. Buchanan, Moore Falls and Moses Haslett. Mention may also be made of a society composed of the sons and pupils of Dr. John Archer, which met at his country seat, "Medical Hall," during 1797 and 1798, and was known as the "Harford Medical Society." The more serious attempt at organization, to which I have referred, although proving abortive, demands a detailed notice, not only on account of its local historical interest, but because of the bearing it had upon the origin of our own society. By reference to the files of the Md. J. & Bait. Advr., of Nov. 21, Dec. 13 and 23, 1785, Feb. 21, 1786, and Dec. 5, 11 and 26, 1788, we find a discussion then going on among the physicians of the Western Shore upon the subject of medical reform and the prevalence of quackery in the State. The leaders in this movement were Dr. Charles Frederick Wiesenthal, of Balti- more, and Dr. Elisha John Hall, of Frederick County. The discussion began with a letter from Frederick Town. This led to the second communication, which contained the outlines of a plan for "a medical establishment." Then followed a reply to this by the first writer, who thought the plan proposed too complicated under "our present circumstances." He sug- gested caution and advised against attempting "too much at first, * * * considering it doubtful whether the Faculty would at this time bear being organized into a corporation." For this, "let us wait," he says, "for a more enlightened period, when fraternal affection shall abound among us." He pro- posed a petition to the Legislature asking for the appoint- ment of a board of (say) three physicians — he thought this number sufficient — who should be paid by the State, and whose duty it should be to examine and license all applicants. The 13 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY latter were to pay a certain sum, which should be used for the maintenance of a library. A college might later be engrafted on this foundation by making the members of the board its professors. As a result of this discussion, on December 5, 1788, Dr. Wie- senthal issued a call to the physicians of the State to convene at Stark's Tavern, in Baltimore, on the fifteenth of the same month, to decide upon a "plan for the regulation of medical practice." In accordance with this notice, a meeting was held at the time and place named, at which a society was organized with Dr. Wiesenthal as President and Frederick Dalcho, Dr. Wiesenthal's nephew and pupil, who had lately come over from London to study under his uncle, as Secretary, The physicians of the Town had already organized themselves into a society on the twenty-seventh of the previous month. Dr. Hall, in his communication dated two days before the Decem- ber meeting, addresses Dr. Wiesenthal as President, and in a letter written by Dr. Wiesenthal to his son Andrew, then a medical student at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and dated November 28, 1788, occur these words: "We are just about procuring a Medical Regulation in a little more earnest than heretofore. At last Night's Meeting it was proposed for the Sake of Order and to have jointly more Weight to organize ourselves into a Society under Rules. I was unanimously nominated President and Mr. Frederik for Clark, so that he has now an office." A letter addressed to the President from Dr. Elisha J. Hall, and which was published in full in the Maryland Gazette, De- cember 26, 1788, was read, and also "a small sketch of a law," enclosed, which he had been requested to draw up for presenta- tion to the Legislature. This "law" was very radical in its pro- 14 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY visions, which were designed to apply to the present as well as the future. All physicians were to submit to examination and license. It is not surprising to learn from its author that many objected to this proposal. The communication concluded with the statement that they were "surrounded by swarms of quacks." The result of the meeting was that a petition was prepared for presentation to the Legislature and put in circu- lation in the town and State for the signature of citizens. About this time the body of one Cassiday, who had been executed for murder, was taken by force from the students of anatomy, to whom it had been given for dissection, by the populace of the town. Griffith's Annals, in which this notice occurs, contains also- the following : "At the entrance of Ches- ter River, on May 17 [1788], at night, Capt. John De Corse of the packet was murdered by two rufifians he had taken on board there as passengers. The vessel was brought back to the Middle Branch [of the Patapsco] and abandoned. Pat- rick Cassiday, who had forfeited his pardon for former offenses by remaining in the State, was, with one John Webb, another convict, arrested, and they were executed some time after." There can be little doubt that this, the scene of this first "dis- section mob" — we had a second in 1807, when Davidge's Anatomical Theatre, on Liberty Street, was destroyed — was Dr. Wiesenthal's "school," situated on Fayette Street, east of Gay, in the rear of his residence. Dr. Wiesenthal was the medical teacher of the day, and he had all the conveniences for carrying on dissection. The "school," a substantial brick building, two stories in height and about 72 x 20 feet, is still standing. Fayette Street was not opened until long after this period. The Doctor's residence was on the southeast corner of Gay and Fayette Streets, and was pulled down about twenty- 2 15 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY five years ago to make way for the shoe store which now occupies its site. Charles Frederick Wiesenthal was a native of Prussia. Be- fore coming to this country, according to family tradition, he was physician to Frederick the Great. He arrived in Balti- more in 1755, and from that time until his death, a period of thirty-four years, he was actively engaged in the duties of his profession, as the leading physician of Baltimore Town. Na- turalized in 1 77 1, during the struggle with Great Britain his scientific and professional attainments were freely given to the service of his adopted country. He was on the Committee of Observation, superintended the manufacture of saltpetre, was medical purveyor for the troops, examined the candidates for medical positions, served as surgeon of Smallwood's ist Maryland Battalion or Regiment, later became Surgeon-Gen- eral of the State, and was Surgeon-in-Charge of the MiHtary Hospitals in Baltimore. After the war he assisted in organ- izing the German Immigrant Society, becoming its first Presi- dent. He was prominent in charities and was a founder and active member of the first Lutheran churc'h founded in Bal- timore. He was deeply revered and beloved by his pupils, who looked upon him as the "Sydenham" of the town. His efforts and personal influence did much to elevate the dignity of the profession, in which, by reason of his eminent talents, his rare professional requirements and his high character, he was the unquestioned leader. By the community he was held in the highest esteem, and his death, on the first of June, 1789, in his sixty-third year, occasioned the deepest grief. (A memoir of Dr. Wiesenthal, by the author, drawn largely from his corre- spondence and accompanied by a portrait of him, may be found in a recent number of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin.) 16 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The return of Andrew Wiesenthal, in the summer of 1789, infused new hfe into the profession of Baltimore. On Novem- ber 6 the Medical Society was reorganized with Dr. Edward Johnson as President, Andrew Wiesenthal, Secretary, Treas- urer and Librarian, and Drs. John Boyd, Reuben Guilder, George Buchanan and George Brown, Court of Correspond- ence. During the ensuing winter an "essay" was made at a medical school by Drs. Buchanan and Wiesenthal, the former lecturing to a class of nine on "Diseases of Women and Chil- dren and the Brunonian System," the latter to a class of fifteen on "Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Operative Surgery and the Gravid Uterus." The names of the students attending these courses, and their cards of acknowledgment, are contained in the Maryland Gaz- ette, March 16, 19 and 30, 1790. The session of the Medical Society terminated in disagreement and disaster, and by the spring of 1790 it had been dissolved. Of the causes of its dissolution we are not thoroughly advised, but there appears to have been much and bitter feeling excited by it, and the minority, led by Dr. Buchanan, censured very severely the majority, who brought it about, and who found it necessary to defend their action in several communications in the paper. {Md. J. & Bait. Advr., June 22 and 29, July i, 2, 6, 9 and 16, 1790.) The following names of members of the Society are mentioned : Charles Frederick Wiesenthal, Elisha John Hall, George Brown, Lyde Goodwin, Samuel Stringer Coale, George Buchanan, Andrew Wiesenthal, Frederick Dalcho, Edward Johnson, John Boyd and Reuben Guilder. Probably there were others. A brief notice is here given of those of the above list who are not embraced in the Biography. For Charles Frederick Wie- senthal, see antea, p. 16. For Elisha John Hall, George 17 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Brown, Lyde Goodwin, George Buchanan, Edward Johnson, see Biographical part. Samuel Stringer Coale was born in Maryland, March 9, 1754. He attended medical lectures at the Philadelphia School. April 26, 1775, he married Ann Youth, the daughter of Thomas Hopkinson, who was born in Philadelphia, November 23, 1745, O. S., and died in Baltimore, April 26, 1817. Dr. Coale began practice in Baltimore in 1775. He was appointed surgeon and manufacturer of saltpetre in 1776. He was engaged in the drug business — Coale & Ridgely — 1779-80. In the pro- jected medical school of 1790 he was assigned the chair of materia medica. He was physician to the Almshouse in 1789. He owned an estate called "Morven" at Elkridge, seventeen miles from Baltimore. His death took place in Baltimore, September 19, 1798. Andrew Wiesenthal, the only son of Dr. Charles Frederick Wiesenthal, was born in Baltimore in 1762. He attended medical lectures in Philadelphia and in London, spending three years, from 1786 to 1789, in the latter city. He lectured on anatomy and surgery at 40 North Gay Street, from 1789 to 1798. He was appointed attending physician at the Bal- timore Almshouse in 1789. In the same year he married Sarah Van Dyke, of the Eastern Shore. He was Judge of the Orphans' Court in Baltimore in 1796. In the Masonic Lodge he was Deputy Grand Master. He died in this city December 2, 1798. He was reputed to be a very skillful surgeon ; he was also an accomplished musician and artist. Frederick Dalcho, a nephew of Dr. Charles Frederick Wiesen- thal, was born in London, of Prussian parents, in 1770. His father was an officer under Frederick the Great, who was severely wounded in battle and retired by permission of his sovereign to spend the remainder of his life in London. 18 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Young Dalcho, upon invitation of his uncle, came to Balti- more in 1787. Here he obtained a good classical education and studied medicine and botany under his uncle. He attended the lectures of Drs. A. Wiesenthal and Geo. Buchanan in 1789-90. He is credited by his biographer with having ob- tained the degree of M.D., and he may have been a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, although his name is not contained in the catalogue of that institution, which is known to be defective. If he graduated there it was probably in 1792. He was appointed surgeon-mate in the U. S. A. in 1792, serving in South Carolina. Later he became surgeon, but resigned and settled in practice in Charleston in 1799. In 1805 he was Secretary of the South Carolina Medical Society. He was trustee of the South Carolina Botanic Garden. In 1807 he was editing the Charleston Courier. Some years later he studied theology and was ordained deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1814 and priest in 1818. He was appoint- ed rector of St. Michael's Church, Charleston, in 1819. He was also made Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Masons of the State. He died November 24, 1836. Dr. Dalcho was the author of "An Historical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina, from its First Settlement to the Revolution," 1820, a work which is an authority upon its sub- ject. He also wrote "Ahriman Rezon" for Masons, 1822. He also edited The Gospel Messenger. John Boyd was born in 1737. Quinan thinks he may have been an A.M. of Princeton in 1757. He established the sec- ond drug store in this city in 1769. He practiced here from that time until his death. He was on the Committee of Cor- respondence, 1774, and Committee of Safety, 1775. He was also a delegate to the State Convention in the former year and was a member of the committee which tried Robert Christie 19 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY in the latter year. In 1776 he signed a call upon the ladies of the town through the newspaper for lint and bandages for the troops. In 1776 he was authorized by Congress to sign bills of credit. He was a partner of Dr. Miles Littlejohn in a drug store in 1790. He died in Baltimore, February 4, 1790. Of Reuben Guilder but little is known. He was surgeon dur- ing the Revolution in Haslet's ist Delaware Regiment, called the "Blue Hen's Chickens." He settled in Baltimore in 1787 and was physician to the Almshouse in 1789. According to Quinan, he died in Baltimore. There is a "Guilder, Va., 1784," in the Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania. The Medical School, of which a full faculty and course of lectures for the season of 1790-91 was announced, shared the fate of the Society, and doubtless from the same causes. Dr. Andrew Wiesenthal continued his lectures to a class of private students for several years, probably to his death in 1798. Although the first attempt at organization had proved abor- tive, it can scarcely have failed to leave its impress. The seed had been sown which was to germinate in the minds of the doctors for a decade and then ripen into the splendid charter of 1799. This Act received the signature of the Governor and thereby became a law of the land on the twentieth of Janu- ary of the aforesaid year. It would be interesting to know something of the details connected with its authorship and passage, to pry into the past and see the old doctors of a hundred years ago as they conferred together over this document of such far-reaching significance to them and their successors, to know Who were they who labored most for its adoption and what was said and done on the occasion. But these, like many other events con- nected with those early days, are hidden from us, perhaps for- ever, and we can only picture them to ourselves in imagination. 20 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY For it is a singular fact that in all the researches of the writer, extending back now twenty years, he has never seen or heard of any manuscript relating to the first meeting, and at the recent Centennial not a single letter or document was offered mak- ing any allusion whatever to it. The writer has in his posses- sion a medical diary and note-book of Professor Potter, of the year 1799, in which it is not once mentioned. We know this much, however, that the charter met with opposition in its passage through the Legislature, and that for some years the members were in constant apprehension lest that body should seize some pretext to annul it. (Bait. Obsvr., vol. i. No. 25, Jan. 13, 1807.) The charter is entitled "An Act to establish and incorporate a Medical and Chirurgical Faculty or Society in the State of Maryland." Its objects are stated in the preamble, which reads as follows : "Whereas, It appears to the General Assembly of Maryland that the establishment and incorporation of a Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty or Society of Physicians and Sur- geons in the said State will be attended with the most bene- ficial and salutary consequences, by promoting and dissemi- nating medical and chirurgical knowledge throughout the State, and may in future prevent the citizens thereof from risk- ing their lives in the hands of ignorant practitioners or pre- tenders to the healing art," etc. And again, in the body of the Act: "Such purposes as they may judge most conducive to the promoting and disseminating medical and surgical knowl- edge, or to alleviating the calamities and miseries of their fellow-citizens." The Act further provides for the possession and disposal of property, the holding of a meeting for organization, the making of by-laws and the adoption of a seal. It is expressly stipulated that the value of the property held at any time shall not exceed $10,000 per annum. The 21 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY officers were to be a President, a Secretary and Treasurer, and a Board of Examiners, to consist of twelve persons, "of the greatest chirurgical abilities in the State," seven from the Western and five from the Eastern Shore. No one in future, under penalty of $50 for each offense, was to begin the prac- tice of medicine in the State without either passing a "full" examination before the Board of Examiners of one Shore or the other, or in lieu thereof presenting a satisfactory diploma from a medical college. Each person obtaining such license was to pay therefor a sum not exceeding $10. Those persons who should be elected to membership in the Society were to pay in addition a like sum. The first meeting was appointed to be held at Annapolis, on the first Monday in June, 1799, and fifteen members were declared to be a quorum. The in- corporators and their successors were declared to be "one coni- mtmity, corporation and body politic, forever, by and under the name of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland." The names of loi incorporators were given, representing from three to six each the nineteen coun- ties into which the State was then divided and the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. These names, arranged alphabeti- cally, are as follows : Alexander, Ashton, Baltimore. Anderson, James Moat, Jr., Kent County. Anderson, James, Montgomery County. Archer, John, Harford County. Archer, Thomas, Harford County. Baker, William, Prince George County. Beanes, William, Jr., Prince George County. Beatty, Charles A., Montgomery County. Birckhead, Thomas H., Harford County. Brown, Gustavus, St. Mary's County. 22 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Brown, Gustavus Richard, Charles County. Brown, Morgan, Jr., Kent County. Bourne, Thomas, Calvert County. Buchanan, George, Baltimore. Clagett, Zechariah, Washington County. Cradock, Thomas, Baltimore County. Cromwell, John, Baltimore County. Davidson, James, Queen Anne's County. Davis, Elijah, Harford County. Downes, Jesse, Caroline County. Duckett, Richard I., Prince George County. Elzey, Arnold, Somerset County. Forbes, James, Allegany County. Fassett, Thomas S., Worcester County. Gantt, Edward, Montgomery County. Geddes, Robert, Kent County. Ghiselin, Reverdy, Annapolis. Goldsborough, Howes, Dorchester County. Goldsborough, Robert, Queen Anne's County. Goodwin, Lyde, Baltimore. Gray, James, Calvert County. Groome, John, Cecil County. Hall, Joseph, Montgomery County. Harrison, Elisha, Cecil County. Haynie, Ezekiel, Somerset County. Hays, William, Dorchester County. Helm, Henry, Caroline County. Hilleary, William, Frederick County. Hopkins, Richard, Anne Arundel County. Huston, John, Worcester County. Ireland, Joseph, Calvert County. Irwin, Levin, Somerset County. 23 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Jackson, Elijah, St. Mary's County. Jenifer, Daniel, Charles County. Jones, Mathias, Somerset County. Johnson, Stephen Theodore, Talbot County. Keene, William B., Caroline County. King-, John, Cecil County. Lansdale, William, St. Mary's County. Love, Thomas, Baltimore County. Lynn, George, Allegany County, Magruder, Zadok, Jr., Montgomery County. Marshall, William, Prince George County. Martin, Ennalls, Talbot County. Miller, William, Cecil County. Mitchell, Abraham, Cecil County. Murray, James, Annapolis. Murray, William, Anne Arundel County. M'oores, Daniel, Baltimore. Murrow, Benjamin, Allegany County Neill, John, Worcester County. Noel, Perry Eccleston, Talbot County. Parnham, John, Charles County. Parran, Thomas, Calvert County. Pindell, Richard, Washington County. Pottinger, Robert, Prince George County. Price, Joseph, Caroline County. Pue, Arthur^, Baltimore. Purnell, George Washington, Worcester County. Purnell, John, Worcester County. Rawlings, Daniel, Calvert County. Roach, William H., St. Mary's County. Sappington, Francis Brown, Frederick County. Schnively, Jacob, Washington County. 24 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Scott, Edward, Kent County. Scott, Upton, Annapolis. Schaaff, John Thomas, Annapolis. Smith, Joseph Sim, Frederick County. Stevenson, Henry, Baltimore. Stockett, Thomas Noble, Anne Arundel County. Sullivane, James, Dorchester County. Tabbs, Barton, St. Mary's County. Thomas, John, Queen Anne's County. Thomas, Philip, Frederick County. Thomas, Tristram, Talbot County. Thompson, Samuel, Queen Anne's County. Todd, Christopher, Baltimore County. Trapnall, Philip, Baltimore County. Tyler, John, Frederick County. Waltz, Peter, Washington County. Warfield, Charles Alexander, Anne Arundel County. Waters, Wilson, Anne Arundel County. Wells, John, Queen Anne's County. White, Edward, Dorchester County. Wood, Gerard, Charles County. Woolford, John, Somerset County. Worrell, Edward, Kent County. Worthington, Charles, Montgomery County. Wyville, Dorsey, Dorchester County. Young, John, Caroline County. Young, Samuel, Washington County. These names represent not only the best elements of the Maryland profession of the period, but the highest types of phy- sicians to be found anywhere — men trained at the schools of Leyden, Paris, London, Oxford, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aber- deen, Dublin, Philadelphia, pupils of Boerhaave, Hunter, 25 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Cullen, the Monros, Bell, Rush and others, whose names are enrolled high upon the scroll of fame ; men erudite in all the knowledge of medicine as it was then taught and understood; fine classical scholars to whom Latin was almost as familiar as their native tongue. In the language of one of our ora- tors, Professor Richard Wilmot Hall, biennial oration of 1815: "To classical erudition the most liberal and profound, they united the stores of medical learning with which the ancients or moderns had enriched the science of physic, or of which the schools of America and Europe could boast. In the academies consecrated to literature or medicine, either at home or abroad, they had given convincing evidences of their research, industry and talents, while they bore honorable testimony that the intellectual claims of their native State were inferior to no portion of the Old or New World. As physicians they enjoyed that respect and confidence which is the pleasing and voluntary tribute of intelligence to virtue and worth, which the successful application of the principles of our science so generally receives from the discerning and grateful. As men they were governed in their intercourse with society by all those refined and enlightened sentiments which generally arise from the study of the sciences and liberal arts; from expanded and comprehensive views of the sublime laws and order of Nature, and from a just sense of those moral obliga- tions which bind man to his fellow-man." Before proceeding further, it may be well to consider the sources of information at our disposal for the preparation of this history. The records of the Faculty are lamentably defi- cient, especially for the first half century of its existence. For this period we have the incomplete manuscript reports and other papers in the archives of the Society, which have been utilized to their fullest capacity. The paucity of our resources 26 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY will appear more striking, when we learn that with the exception of a brief "Summary of Proceeding's," for the first eight years, published in 1807, and an abstract of the Proceed- ings of 1807 and 1809, styled an "Appendix," no Transactions were issued until 1853. Occasional publications, however, emanated from the Society during this interval, as annual ora- tions, etc., and the following may be mentioned in this connection: "A View of Fever," oration by Ennalls Martin, 1807; "The Medical Law of 1798," oration by Richard Wilmot Hall, 1815 ; "Treatise on Contagion," oration by Dr. N. Potter, 1817; "Medical Improvement," oration by Patrick Macaulay, 1823; Catalogues of the Library, 1835 ^^^d 1852; Lists of Members, 1807, 1822, 1836 and 1848; Constitution, By-laws and Fee Table. We have also the annual advertisements and notices in the newspapers and medical journals, especially those of Baltimore. From 1839 to 1843, the Faculty issued a quar- terly journal, a most creditable production, which gives valuable information for those years and some interesting memoirs and notices of the library. In spite, therefore, of the want of complete manuscript records and printed Transactions, we are not without information of considerable extent and variety, which duly utilized should furnish a tolerably full and accurate history of the earlier half of the century. From 1853 the records are fuller, and we have printed Transactions of all the succeeding years except from i860 to 1872, inclusive. During these twelve years, however, no meetings were held except in 1870, 1 87 1 and 1872, and of these three we have some account in the Baltimore Medical Journal. Of the meeting for organization, held at Annapolis, in accordance with the provisions of the charter June 3, 1799, we 27 1799 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY have but a bare recital of results — the names of officers 1799 elected and members of the Boards of Examiners of the two Shores, constitution and by-laws, and resolutions. These meagre details but whet our appetites for further knowledge, but there is no means of obtaining it unless some at present unknown letter or manuscript be found to supply it. Of the one hundred and one charter members not one, so far as we have been able to^ discover, has left any record of the occasion. The last survivor, the venerable Dr. Ashton Alexander, died so recently as 1855, and having been, moreover, the first Sec- retary, he must have had a distinct recollection of the event. How perfectly natural it would have been for him to have left us some written description of it. But the opportunity passed unheeded, and even in his reported remarks at the reception given him during the convention of 1853, ^^ makes no allusion to it. Considering the circumstances, it is altogether likely that the meeting was held in one or other of the legislative halls at the capitol. It may be in the historic Senate chamber, where Congress had sat so recently and Washington had resigned his commission and read his ever-memorable farewell address. There we may fancy the founders preparing to sit in council, grave and reverend seigniors, deliberate in act and speech, still clad in the antique style, wig, cue, frilled shirt, high- necked coat with large brass buttons, knee breeches, stockings, shoe buckles and not least the gold-headed cane. The first to enter we will suppose is the Baltimore delegation, arrived by the morning coach. George Buchanan, full of enterprise and action, precedes, followed by Henry Stevenson, prince of inoculaitors ; Lyde Goodwin, the surgeon; the courtly and handsome Ashton Alexander, one of the youngest of the incor- porators, and Arthur Pue and Daniel Moores, both graduates 28 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of Edinburgh. Close behind them are the delegates from Bal- timore County: Thomas Cradock and Philip Trapnall, both 1799 great in the councils of the Church ; John Cromwell, described as "a man of fine constitution and exemplary habits," and the Others of the delegation. Next come the Annapolitans, headed by the striking figure of Upton Scott, venerable with his seventy-seven years, precise, practical and business-like. A delegation from the western part of the State has just arrived on horseback: the revered Philip Thomas, of Frederick, a leader in his community; John Tyler, from the same place, whose fame in couching the cataract extended far and wide; Richard Pindell, of Revolutionary fame and later the physician of Henry Clay in Kentucky; Zadok Magruder, Jr., from the Quaker settlement in Montgomery ; James Anderson, from the same county, whose practice is said tO' have covered lOO square miles ; Zechariah Clagett, of Pleasant Valley ; George Lynn, of Cumberland, and others who had joined on the way. From the northeast come John Archer, of Harford, teacher, patriot, statesman, stern in look, the patriarch of American graduates, and Elijah Davis, who had been a prisoner on a Jersey prison ship during the Revolution. From the Potomac region come Charles Worthington, of Georgetown, who was known in his day as the "Court Physician," in his coach ; Charles A. Beatty, the owner of the land on which Washington was built, and William Beanes, Jr., whose capture and imprisonment led to the writing of the Star Spangled Banner by his friend and rescuer, Francis Scott Key. From the south come Gustavus Brown, of Port Tobacco, who was consultant with Drs. Craik and Dick in the last illness of Washington ; Daniel Jenifer, of the same place, and John Parnham, of Charles County, both surgeons in the Revolution. An early arrival must have been Charles Alexander Warfield, of Anne Arundel, the 29 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY impetuous leader of the patriots in the Peggy Stewart affair 1799 and the first to propose a separation from the mother country. The Eastern Shore doubtless furnished its full quota, coming by sailboat across the Bay. From Easton come Tristram Thomas, distinguished by his extreme height, the tenuity of his frame and his gentle manners ; the brusque Ennalls Martin and Perry Eccleston Noel, the Edinburgh graduate ; from Kent come James Moat Anderson, a small spare figure with a limp and dressed in the sober garb of the Methodists; Morgan Brown, Jr., who is described by his contemporaries as a man of remarkable judgment and acumen, and Edward Worrell, the medical teacher of that section; and from Queen Anne come James Davidson, who hails from the Highlands, of Scot- land, and Robert Goldsborough, of "Four-Square." These appear to have been the leaders in this remarkable assemblage of eminent and representative physicians and surgeons of Maryland. Having alighted from coach and stage, having disembarked from vessels which lay moored in the Severn, and having dis- mounted from their horses, we can imagine them assembling for the business before them. A short time is doubtless spent in greetings and congratulation upon the success of their long efforts to obtain legislation and the prospect of usefulness which now unfolds before them. A temporary chairman is chosen and the convention then proceeds to the election of permanent officers. I suppose that all eyes must have turned upon Dr. Upton Scott, of Annapolis, as the one most suited by age, char- acter and experience to fill the presidential chair, but that when his name was proposed he declined the honor, pointing to his already great age, and the infirmities connected with it, as disqualifications. But so preeminent was his fitness, that his excuses were not received and he was unanimously elected. 30 HENRY STEVENSON 1721-1814. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY For the duties of Secretary, a young and active person is needed, and the very man for the place is found in Ashton 1799 Alexander, of Baltimore, not only because of his personal qualities, but because it was wise to locate the chief executive officer of the corporation in the metropolis of the State. John Thomas Schaaff, a man of German parentage, but native of the State, is elected Treasurer. The selection of the Board of Examiners was of not less importance than the officers already named, for upon it rested the responsibility of admission and the consequent morale of the organization, and we may be therefore sure that those chosen to this office represented the best elements of the meeting. They were for the Western Shore : Drs. John Parnham, of Charles County ; Philip Thomas, of Fredericktown ; John Thomas Schaaff , of Annapolis ; Ash- ton Alexander, of Baltimore ; Richard I. Duckett and William Beanes, Jr., of Prince George County, and John Archer, of Harford County — for the Eastern Shore; Drs. James Moat Anderson, of Kent County ; James Davidson, of Queen Anne County, and Ennalls Martin, Perry Eccleston Noel and Stephen Theodore Johnson, of Talbot County. After these elections, according to the printed records, a committee was appointed to frame by-laws and regulations. This committee reported on the following day. The regula- tions which were then framed provided that there should be a general meeting of the Faculty at AnnapoHs on the first Mon- day in June, 1801, and every second year thereafter, at which times a biennial election of officers was to be held. They gave to the President authority to fine any member acting in a dis- orderly manner at the meetings, a sum not exceeding $10, or if the ofifense were considered sufficiently serious, to expel, with the consent of two-thirds of the members present. The Treasurer was required to collect license fees, to receive dona- 3 31 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 'tions of money and property, tO' hold stock, etc., and as a 1799 security for the faithful discharge of his trust, to give bond and security. It was provided that the Board of Examiners, of each Shore, v^as to meet annually : that for the Eastern Shore, at Easton, on the second Monday in April ; that for the West- em Shore, at Annapolis, on the first Monday in June, for the purpose of examining candidates and granting licenses ; special meetings could be held at any time in the discretion of the Pres- ident on the call of two members. Vacancies in ofifice were to be filled by the joint Board for the balance of the term of office ; each Board was authorized to fill vacancies in its own body. Each person obtaining a license to practice was required to pay $io, and the licenses were to be signed, as provided by law, by the President and Secretary. The President was directed to furnish the form of license or certificate to be issued. Two months notice of all special meetings were to be given in the newspapers. Fifteen members were to constitute a quorum and a majority of two-thirds of those present at any meeting was necessary for election to membership. The Society having been thus launched upon its career, be- fore proceeding further, it seems desirable to say something about the status of the profession in Maryland at the time of the granting of this charter — the close of the last century. The prevalence of quackery has already been referred to and even amongst those from whom better things might have been ex- pected evidences of irregularities, of entire disregard of profes- sional ethics, and mutual distrust, were only too frequent. "Every pitiful Fellow nowadays (more dexterous at murdering and maiming his Patients than at terms of Art) assumes to himself with no small Arrogance the appellation of Doctor, far from being due to Quacks and Medicators, and only so to the gentlemen of the Faculty, the undoubted sons of ^sculapius," 32 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY says a writer in a New York newspaper in 1754. (Quoted in "History of County of Kings," 1899.) New England was in no 1799 better condition. "Few physicians among us," say a writer from a New England colony a little later, "are eminent for their skill. Quacks abound like locusts in Egypt, and too many have been recommended to a full practice and profitable subsistence. This is less to be wondered at as the profession is under no kind of regulation. Loud as the call is, to our shame be it remembered, we have no law to protect the lives of the King's subjects from the malpractice of pretenders. Any man at his pleasure sets up for physician, apothecary and chirurgeon. No candidates are either examined or licensed, or even sworn to fair practice." ("History of New York," by Wm. Smith, A.M.) What was here said regarding these two Northern colonies applied with equal force to all. The first physician in Frederick City, Md., was an irregular, one Jacob Foucht. The papers of the last quarter of the century abound in medical advertisements, full of the most unblushing self- laudation and audacious claims of skill and success. It was a common thing for regular physicians to seek to secure patients by advertising treatment "much below the usual rates." Dr. Charles F. Wiesenthal's letters to his son throw much light upon this aspect of practice in Baltimore. In December, 1787, writing to his son Andrew, then a medical student in London, he expresses his satisfaction at the predilection which the latter manifests for surgery, in which the quack must stand aside, "whereas in physic in this part of the world the most errant quack, if he has assurance enough, will often claim the prefer- ence and obtain it before the man of real and true abilities." He mentions a Dr. Jericho (evidently a quack), who had operated here for cataract unsuccessfully, "extracting the crys- talline lens." In 1774 a dispute arose between two physicians 33 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY as to the treatment of a patient, one charging the other with 1799 malpractice, alleging excessive use of venesection. The dis- pute was fully ventilated in the papers, an unfortunate resource for professional differences. From the close of the Revolu- tion until the founding of the Faculty was especially a period of medical license, and Dr. Wiesenthal's letters abound with allusions to it and aspirations for a corrective. In one of his letters he speaks of a meeting appointed to be held at his house for the discussion of measures of reform, to which only one physician came, and he refers to a prominent member of the profession in the town, who had three times received written notices and had been absent every time. He seems justified in suspecting that there was something wanting in the char- acter of that physician. The want of fraternal feeling among doctors lis referred to by a public writer in 1786, and he con- siders it so great as actually to render impossible any organ- ization at that time. Drs. Hazlett and Ross break up a part- nership in practice in February, 1789, and they make it the occasion of a series of vituperative publications in the daily press. So, the breaking up of the Medical Society in the spring of 1790 is made the occasion of the washing in public of a lot of dirty linen for which there was no need, and which showed that many of those concerned were influenced by petty jealousies and personal spites more than by considerations of public and professional good. These things taken together indicate a sadly low state of ethics and great want of profes- sional character, and show that the charter of 1799 came none too soon. The benefits from this charter were immediate and great, and whilst they were not everything that could have been wished, taking the imperfection inseparable from all human endeavor into consideration, we cannot but be struck with their extent. They will appear as this history proceeds. 34 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY According to Dr. Peregrine Wroth, the books studied by medical students in Maryland at this date were Boerhaave, 1799 Van Swieten, Morgagni, Haller, Stahl, Cullen, the Munros, Mosely, Clyhom, Lind and Sydenham, the last "perhaps the greatest of all." Writing in 1862, Dr. Wroth says these works were, in his judgment, "equal to any since published." 1800. A severe epidemic of yellow fever prevailed in Bal- timore during the summer and fall, which calls for some de- I8OO scription. Before describing it, however, I may advert to the previous epidemic of the same disease here in 1797. (There was an earlier epidemic, in 1794, which caused 360 deaths in a population estimated at 18,000.) Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1797. — From the report of the Commissioners of Health of Baltimore, dated November 17, 1797, and published in the Medical Repository of New York, vol. i, we learn that they took charge of the department June 5, and appointed Conrad Smull Medical Superintendent of the Quarantine Hospital on Hawkins Point. About the end of June two young men, who occupied a warehouse in South Street, were taken sick and died in a few days. Their disease was reported to be yellow fever, and to come from putrid matter stored in their warehouse. The Board and several of the Faculty examined the premises, but found nothing. A thorough inspection was then made of the city. All vessels were required to stop at or below the Fort for ten days. As a malignant fever was prevailing in Philadelphia, a house was provided on the road thither, a small distance from the city, to accommodate travelers, if needed, but communication was not stopped. At the end of August the citizens of West Bal- timore were enjoying unusual health; many nuisances had been removed, some low and sunken places had been filled up 35 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and streets had been cleaned. In East Baltimore (Fells Point) 1800 a bilious complaint had appeared early, and on August 26 the sickness was reported to be something more than common. The Fells Point doctors were written to and replies were received from several of the five or six practitioners there. Dr. John Coulter wrote that he had observed an epidemic fever ever since the third week in June, especially in those exposed to the night air. It was very dangerous and almost certainly fatal, except under powerful remedies. During the wet weather of the last of July and first of August it gave place for nearly two weeks to dysentery. He tells of ponds of stagnant water and sinks of putrid animal and vegetable matters, exhaling most offensive effluvia. The market and space around it were unpaved and constantly covered with offal thrown there by the butchers. Many go to the market well and come home ill. But the same fever had prevailed here at this season for several years past. He described the symptoms, the black vomit and hemorrhages. He had prescribed for upward of three hundred since June, among whom there had been eight deaths. Dr. Joseph Allender wrote suggesting a better accommodation for the poor. Dr. J. Jaquitt also replied. At a meeting of all the physicians of the city, called at the Exchange, August 28, only two cases (by Davidge and Smith) were reported in the city of a suspicious character, and the first of these was from Philadelphia. Drs. Goodwin, Davidge and Moores, a commit- tee of the meeting, visited the Point and found only a common bilious remittent prevailing. September 2 a report was received which led the Commissioners to visit the Point where they found that Coulter had four or five dangerously ill, Allender three, and the others two in the same condition. There being no hospital, the Board had to afford relief to the sick in the houses where they were. The followiing week things got worse. 36 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY On September 7 a number of persons gathered to see the launching of a frigate. Many got wet, and several from West 1800 Baltimore were taken suddenly ill and died in a few days. On September 8 the first report of a case of yellow fever was received from Dr. Moores. On September ii the Faculty met by request at the house of Dr. Adam Fonerden and suggested measures for the adoption of the authorities. They advised against removal of the inhabitants to the country and against stopping the communication between the Town and Point. The means at hand for dealing with the epidemic were the Hawkins Point Hospital and $2000 appropriated by the Council for the year. The hospital was found inaccessible and was abandoned. A house for a temporary hospital was found not far from the Point and Dr. Way took charge of it on September 11, five nurses being provided. There was no room in it for colored persons. According to the figures there were 545 interments from August i to October 29, of whom 408 were adults and 137 were children. Of the residents of Fells Point 671 moved away and 2679 remained in their homes. As a result of this epidemic Dr. Davidge wrote the next year his work on yellow fever. Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1800. — There is in the Medical Repository an article, entitled "Opinion of the Medical Faculty addressed to James Calhoun, Esq., Mayor of Baltimore, rela- tive to the Domestic Origin of the Pestilential Sickness in that city during the hot season of 1800, communicated by Dr. Dan- iel Moores to Dr. Mitchell." Dr. Moores was a Baltimore physician, already mentioned in connection with the previous epidemic, and Dr. Mitchell was editor of the Journal. This "opinion," relating to the origin and means of obviating a recurrence of the epidemic, was given at the Mayor's request. There was no proof, it said, of foreign origin. It was due to 37 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY an epidemic constitution of the air, as shown by its effect upon 1800 the senses and upon the brute creation and the more malignant character of diseases in the United States in recent years. That it was of domestic origin was shown by the fact that those first attacked had no communication with vessels engaged in for- eign commerce, that they were at a distance from each other, and that they were exposed to powerful local causes. The first cases occurred at Fells Point, May 2. T. S. had worked near a putrid sink of water, containing vegetable matters in a state of putrefaction. J. T. had an offensive market yard, and the gutters and streets near his house annoyed all who passed them. None of the cases could be traced to vessels employed in foreign commerce ; no one of them communicated the disease to others. The extinction of the disease by frost showed that its cause was in the atmosphere, also its occur- rence at internal and scattered points in the United States. Its indigenous origin was also shown by its having prevailed at the same time in Harford County on the Susquehanna River, in Cecil County on the canal, in Charles and in Dorchester Coun- ties. The Faculty were convinced that the fever could not be imported (human contagium), but the cause might be conveyed as in the foul air in the holds of vessels. But they believed this would hardly be worth considering if the air of the city were rendered pure by the removal of nuisances, since then it would be quickly and widely diffused. The gradual diffusion shows that it is not from foreign sources. If imported, the promi- nent features would show themselves at the beginning. The Faculty believed the following to have been the principal sources of the fever : The cove extending from the mouth of Jones Falls to the interior parts of Fells Point, the bottom of which was left bare by the recession of the tides for some weeks preceding the appearance of the fever from prevalence of 38 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY North and East winds. All the physicians at Fells Point agreed that it began on the borders of the cove and could be traced 1800 thence as the poisonous effluvia were wafted about by the winds. So pestilential was this cove that the laborers, employed in filling up its northern shore were compelled to stop work early in the summer, and the effluvia from it affected those passing, even at a considerable distance. The docks, especially the in- terstices between the wharves, where water stagnated; stag- nant water in cellars ; gutters ; filthy alleys and unpaved streets ; back yards ; privies ; ponds and low grounds ; made ground, of which the wharves and lower parts of some of the streets are formed ; putrefying animal and vegetable matters were all sup- posed to be contributory factors. The epidemic did not extend to the higher parts of the city remote from the exhalations. "The superintendent of the streets, who enumerated the nuisances previous to the epi- demic appearance of the fever, declares that in whatever part of the city he then marked a nuisance, he can now mark the ravages of death." This report shows that the Faculty was fully alive to its responsibilities in this epidemic and prepared to take its full share in meeting and averting the calamities from which the community was suffering. In connection with these two epidemics may be cited a most interesting letter in the same journal, vol. iv, by Dr. Pierre Chatard, of Baltimore, dated October 29, 1800. Dr. Chatard's superior education and acquirements gave to his opinions and statements great weight, and scarcely anyone in the profession then here — distinguished as it was by such names as those of Crawford, Buchanan, Davidge, Potter, George Brown, Alex- ander, Henry Stevenson, and others — could speak with as great authority. I feel sure, then, that I shall not only be excused, but thanked, for an abstract of this really able and 39 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY original paper, expressed in such modest terms. He said that 1800 he had often seen and attended the yellow fever, both here and in St. Domingo, and that he regarded it as "essentially a bilious fever." The cold bath was appropriate, remarkably so in the nervous complications. The treatment varied according as the type was believed to be sanguineous and plethoric, or ner- vous. He had ordered venesection in only two instances of the present epidemic, although in that of 1797 at Fells Point he had cured many by the lancet, as the learned Rush had done in the epidemic of 1793 — one accompanied by a real inflammatory diathesis. He was convinced that the predisposing cause of the epidemic of 1800 "results from a load of bilious, acrimoni- ous matters lodged in the primae viae without any combination of inflammatory diathesis." He directed all his attention from the commencement to the evacuation of the alimentary canal, the prevention of the absorption of the deleterious matter con- fined in it, which, if once allowed to infect the mass of circu- lating fluids speedily decomposed the whole frame. At the beginning he gave tartar emetic gr. ss, in a teacupful of water every quarter hour until vomiting, with abundant drinks for twelve hours. Then Glauber's salts or castor oil. Strict absti- nence from food was enjoined. Commonly patients were much better after the action of the cathartic. If so he continued diluents and emollient clysters. If fever continued he gave small doses of magnesia frequently with decoction of gentian or columbo. Sometimes he ordered a teaspoonful of De Haen's sedative potion every two hours. If delirium and prostration came on, with hot, dry skin, he used the warm bath and gave wine-whey with emollient fomentation and clysters. If black vomit or black stools or hemorrhage occurred, and especially if there were suppression of urine, remedies were hopeless. Perhaps it was best then to leave the patient to 40 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY nature "and to indulge every craving not absolutely perni- cious." He had seen some thus recover. The Baltimore doc- 1800 tors frequently used blisters to arms, legs and epigastrium to relieve the head and irritation of stomach. They generally failed, and Dr. Chatard did not believe them suited to the dis- ease, except where there was a very obstinate spasmodic constriction where one over the lower abdomen might create irritation and relieve the spasm. He was opposed to the use of mercury (calomel). This was then considered a specific. It was often irritating and produced evacuations which it was impossible to restrain. Some physicians claimed that all patients recovered after salivation. (Davidge claimed this.) He believed this opinion to be due to prejudice and mistaken observation. He had seen many persons die from terror under the impression that the disease was utterly incurable. "The flight of physicians from the city was not well adapted to remove such an impression." Prejudice existed regarding emetics ; it was supposed that they increased gastric irritability. But the irritation of an emetic was always less than that inces- santly kept up and renewed by the acrimony of the bile, etc., unless early evacuated by an emetic whose operation is neither violent nor long if blunted by a large quantity of warm water. Besides, did we not use cathartics in dysentery? "I should be glad," he concludes, "to offer you some opinions concerning the efficient cause of this destructive distemper, but the whole of this subject appears to be so obscure that it seems advisable rather to keep silence than to hazard mere conjectures. This much appears to be certain, that hitherto no person has discov- ered effectual means of extinguishing the acrimony of the bile, which seems to act a very important part in the disease, and which by its highly excited acid or alkaline quality excites at 41 1801 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY first irritation of the stomach and eventually decomposition of the whole system." At the meeting of 1801, held at the capital of the State, a question arose as to the construction to be put upon the sec- tion of the law relating to membership, which some held restricted the election of members to the first meeting, or that of 1799. The matter was referred to a committee, which con- sidered the section with aid of legal counsel and reported that no such restriction was implied, since its operation would limit the term of existence of the Faculty, a result evidently not con- templated by the Legislature; moreover, the last section em- powered the Society to make any regulation not contrary to law which it thought requisite. At this meeting Dr. Scott was compelled by his advanced age and bodily infirmities to decline a reelection, and Dr. Philip Thomas was selected as his successor. Resolutions were passed upon this occasion expressing the sense of the Faculty upon Dr. Scott's "superior professional talents and disinterested services in promoting the institution" under cir- cumstances requiring so great personal self-sacrifice. A plan was also laid before the Faculty by "a distinguished member," the outlines of which, we are told, had been revised and approved by Dr. Scott, for the erection of a medical col- lege in the State, which was to include within its scope the duties of the Medical Examiners, "with such other executive powers under the law as should appear to be necessary in order to give it additional respectability." Owing, however, to the small attendance, action upon this proposal was deferred until the next meeting. We may, perhaps, safely conjecture that the author of this proposition, "the distinguished member," was Dr. Davidge. 42 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Potter ("Sketch of Univ. of Md.," Hist. Soc. Lib.) tells us that Davidge had entertained the idea of founding a medical 1801 school ever since his settlement in Baltimore, in 1796, and that they had frequently conversed together on the subject. Dr. Davidge had at this time a private class of medical students. From the entries of the Treasurer's book — preserved in the Society's archives — we learn that up to June, 1801, certificates and licenses had been issued to nineteen persons, making the receipts therefor $190. The expenses for the same period were $59, leaving a balance in the treasury of $131. The first fee received was for. a certificate issued to Wm. B. Tilden, of the Eastern Shore. At this meeting Dr. Schaaff was succeeded as Treasurer by Dr. Ashton Alexander. The above book contains the following names of those who received certificates in 1800, and being the first names entered in the book they were evidently the first persons admitted to membership after the founding of the Society: Wm. B. Tilden, Dr. Bergsten, John Owen, John Ridgely, Wm. Rogers, Pere- grine Warfield, Lloyd T. Hammond, Robert Johnson, the last being from the District of Columbia and all the others from the Western Shore, except Dr. Tilden. In 1801 the admissions by certificate were Dr. Watson, Dr. Wm. Cozens, Tlios. Schley and Richard Duckett, and by license James Glasgow, John Dare, John McPherson, Adam Clendinen, Patrick Sim, Jas. Stonestreet and John M. Taylor. The unfavorable experience as to attendance at this meeting and the claims of several matters of much importance, led to the calling of a special meeting the following year, and the advantages of Baltimore over Annapolis as the place of assem- blage were so apparent that the former city was selected for this third convention. 43 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1802. The meeting opened with a very fine address from 1802 Dr. Phihp Thomas, the President, which by resolution of the Faculty, was pubHshed in full in the Baltimore Federal Gazette, June 16, 1802. In this reference is made to the unparalleled advances made during the preceding twelve years in arts and science, agriculture and commerce, and especially to the salu- tary effects produced in the State by the establishment of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. The author alludes to an amendment adopted at the previous session of the Legislature, designed to prevent in future the introduction of additional empirics from other States and countries, of which there was already on hand too plentiful a supply. He recommends for adoption the plan of a medical college — "College of Physi- cians," he calls it — proposed at the previous meeting, and which he says is to be brought up before the present meeting. He suggests that in order to carry this plan into effect, addi- tional legislation will be required. He speaks of the lax methods of admission and of indignities to which the Society had been subjected by the too mild indulgence of the Exam- ining Boards. The applicants, it seems, had attended one session at the Philadelphia School. This, it was found, had not sufficiently qualified them and they were only admitted to the Society on the promise that they would make up their deficiencies b\ subsequent study. This promise, Dr. Thomas says, they had not fulfilled. Finally he proposes the reading of essays by members at the meetings and the publication of those which should be deemed worthy of such honor by the Society. He presents such an essay by Dr. John Baltzell, of Frederick. The title of this paper was "An Essay on the Mineral Prop- erties of the Sweet Springs of Virginia," etc. A copy of it, 44 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY dated Baltimore, 1802, may be seen in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Library. 1802 The proposal for a college, anticipated in the President's Address, was presented to the meeting and after full discus- sion, referred to a committee for further action. On this committee were the following: Drs. George Brown, James Steuart, J. C. White, Edward Scott and John B. Davidge. In the three years of the existence of the Society, there had been frequent violations of the law. In order to provide more effectually against such offenders, it was now decided to appoint censors, whose duty it should be to see that the law was not infringed upon by unlicensed practitioners, and that its penalties were inflicted upon trespassers, and to execute such other duties as might be required of them by the by- laws ; also to obtain complete lists of practitioners of medicine and surgery within their respective districts, with places of residence and dates of commencement of practice. It was provided that there should be two censors appointed for each county, four for Baltimore, two for Annapolis, two for Fred- erick Town and one for Hagerstown. Three years later six additional censors were provided for from the city of Balti- more. Censors were continued as a part of the machinery of the Society for about fifty years. The position was for the most part a mere sinecure, although a number of instances have come to my knowledge of efficient discharge of their unpleas- ant duty by these officials. No doubt the mere fact of there being such officers and the threat of legal prosecution had a salutary effect on would-be violators of the law. At this convention (1802) a large Executive Committee was chosen "to meet from time to time during the recess of the Faculty, to receive communications and to report the same 45 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at the stated meetings." This committee consisted of fifteen 1802 from the Western Shore, seven from the Eastern Shore, and the President and Secretary, ex officio. The Board of Examiners was authorized to grant special hcenses to dentists and oculists to practice in their respective branches, subjecting them to examination only on these. This was in accordance with the opinion of Mr. Luther Martin, the Attorney-General of the State, that the law authorized such action. The following resolution was adopted: "That the members of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty will use their utmost endeavors to discourage the use, and as far as may be in their power, prevent the sales of patent and quack medicines." The evils from this source were pointed out and the Executive Com- mittee was asked to report what measures they deemed expe- dient to prevent them. A committee of three was appointed to petition the Legis- lature to pass an act making the claims of physicians against the estates of deceased persons and insolvent debtors "pre- ferred." This committee reported later that owing to "the prevailing disposition" of the Legislature, they deemed it inex- pedient to prefer the petition. The following endorsement of vaccination was adopted by the convention : "That the evidence of the great utility of the genuine vaccine inoculation is to them full and conclusive, and that they recommend it to their fellow-citizens to interest themselves in its propagation." This is the first instance recorded of the official recognition and sanction of Jenner's great discovery by any American association of physicians. Inoculation for the smallpox was still in vogue in Maryland at the close of the last century. Introduced into Europe by the famous letter of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu of 1717, 46 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY it early crossed the Atlantic to our shores and held its ground here about eighty years ; indeed it did not disappear entirely 1802 with the advent of vaccination. One, at least, of the founders, Dr. James Anderson, of Montgomery County, adhered to it until 1814, and Dr. P. K. Rogers, of Fells Point, Baltimore, clung to it until 1816. It was not forbidden by law in this State until 1850. While the benefits to those who received it were obvious, inoculation kept the disease in existence and proved a con- stant source of infection ; so that it was really an evil rather than a blessing. From the year 1750 until 1800 the disease was rarely absent in some part of Maryland, and frequently ravaged the towns and country with great virulence. Many physicians during that period practiced inoculation. Those who were best known in connection with it were Adam Thom- son and Richard Brooke, both of Prince George County, Henry Stevenson, of Baltimore, Gustavus Richard Brown, of Charles County and Samuel Thompson, of Queen Anne's. The first named was widely known throughout the Colonies and was frequently sent for to superintend the operation in dififerent parts of the country. He was the originator of the American Method, which became the accepted method of procedure throughout America, and the author of a tract upon the subject, printed by Benjamin Franklin in 1750, which ran through several editions. The second was the author of a paper on "Inoculation Without Incision," 1752, which was pub- lished in the Philosophical Transactions, of London, vol. xlvii. In 1765, Dr. Henry Stevenson was styled "the most successful inoculator in America." He did not confine his operations to Baltimore. From 1765 to 1776 and again after the Revolution, he maintained an inoculation hospital at his house "Parnassus," in the northeast suburbs of Baltimore, 4 47 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY near the site of the present Penitentiary. As of interest, it 1802 may be mentioned that his charge for inoculation was two pistoles and for board and lodging twenty shillings a week. In 1776 Drs. Gustavus Rr. Brown and James Wallace estab- lished an inoculating hospital on Burdett's Creek, near the Potomac River in Virginia; their charge was "5 £ Md. cur- rency" per case. Dr. Thompson inoculated persons at his house, "Medical Hill," in Queen Anne's County. It did not take long for our Maryland physicians to appre- ciate the advantages of vaccination over inoculation, and Maryland must share with Massachusetts the honor of its first introduction into America. In the summer of 1800, Dr. John Crawford, a most enlightened physician of Baltimore, received from Dr. Ring, of London, a supply of vaccine virus "on cotton thread rolled up in paper and covered with a var- nish which excluded the air." This he used here successfully. (See "Ring on Cowpox," 1801, p. 459.) A few months later a second supply of virus was obtained by Mr. John Taylor, who was then in London, from one of the physicians of the inoculation hospital at St. Pancras, and forwarded by him to his brother, Mr. William Taylor, a merchant of Baltimore. The latter gave it to his family physician. Dr. Miles Littlejohn and he placed it in the hands of Dr. James Smith, who was then attending physician to the County Almshouse in the sub- urbs of the city. Dr. Smith, who deserves to be called the Father of Vaccination in Maryland, since he did more than any one to promote its adoption in this community, began the use of this virus on the first of May, 1801, the first to undergo the operation being Nancy Malcum, aged 7 years. The virus was put up for greater security in three different ways. Some was on the blade of a lancet, some between small plates of glass, some on thread which was thoroughly charged with it, and the 48 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY whole was confined in a vial well corked and sealed. A careful record of each case was entered upon the books of the insti- 1803 tution. Says Dr. Smith : "The physicians of Baltimore gen- erally were invited to inspect these cases and oilers were made to furnish them with virus, but no one could be prevailed on to make any use of it beyond the walls of the Almshouse dur- ing the whole summer, notwithstanding the smallpox was then prevailing in the city." (Vaccine Inquirer, or Miscellaneous Collections Relating to Vaccination, No. i, 1822.) A full account of these cases was published by Dr. Smith in the Telegraph, a daily paper of Baltimore, of December 3 and 5, 1801. All of them were freely exposed to the smallpox by inoc- ulation and also in the natural way without exhibiting any re- sponse. This introduction by Dr. Smith antedated that in New York, Philadelphia, or by Jefferson in Virginia. Early in 1802 the operation was formally endorsed by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and Dr. Smith was aided in the establish- ment of a Vaccine Institution, the second in America, for the propagation of the virus and its free distribution to the poor. In 1805 it received a second endorsement from the Faculty. In 1809, by the exertions of Dr. Smith and others, all promi- nent in the affairs of the Society, the Legislature granted a lottery for the purpose of extending the operations of the Institute and in 1810 a Vaccine Society was organized in con- nection with it by a number of prominent and philanthropic citizens. In 1812 the Society was reorganized under the name of the "Vaccine or Jennerian Society." Dr. Smith was inde- fatigable in his exertions and so eager and unselfish were the physicians of that day for the universal participation of the blessings of the beneficent discovery, that on February 16, 1812, thirty-eight leading members of the Faculty offered to vaccinate gratuitously all who applied ; indeed, these noble men went fur- 49 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY i ther and offered to pay each child presenting proof of genuine 1803 vaccination twenty-five cents. Can any other body of men be cited who have exhibited a greater spirit of unselfishness and self-sacrifice? By these agencies not only was virus furnished gratuitously throughout the State, but it was sent far and wide throughout the length and breadth of the land, and even to remote India, and many threatened epidemics were cut short. In the same year Dr. Edward Jenner, of England, tested Dr. Smith's virus and pronounced it genuine. In 1813 the United States Government established a "National Vaccine Institute," under the direction of Dr. Smith. In 1819, in order to settle doubts which had arisen with regard to the value of vaccina- tion. Dr. Smith inoculated with variolous matter several mem- bers of his own family at the bedside of a smallpox patient. In 1821, on the recommendation of the Faculty, the city ap- pointed vaccine physicians to each ward. In 1822 the Vaccine Society was reorganized, and the periodical already mentioned was published in its interests. MIeanwhile the country members were not idle. As early as April, 1803, Drs. Ennalls Martin, Robert Moore, Stephen Theodore Johnson and Tristram Thomas, all founders of the Faculty, from Talbot County, earnestly recommended the practice of vaccination, giving notice in the public press of Easton that they were fully provided with genuine cowpox matter and offering to inoculate the poor without fee or re- ward. "We shall think ourselves amply compensated," they say, "by having their assistance in extirpating a disease which has heretofore fell so peculiarly heavy on that numerous class of fellow-men." (Md. Herald & Eastern Shore Intelligencer, May, 1803.) Accompanying this card was a paper, entitled "A Comparative View of Natural Smallpox, Inoculated Small- pox and Vaccination." In 1816, smallpox being epidemic in 50 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Queen Anne and Dorchester Counties, Drs. Robert Golds- borough, J. K. Harper and J. D. Emory offered to vaccinate 1802 the poor gratuitously, and by their zeal overcame the prejudice there against the operation. It would be interesting to trace this subject on to the present time; to recall the various experiments in vaccinating and inoculating the cow made by Jameson, Leonard, Knight and others ; to describe the epidemics — frequently arrested — that have occurred in Maryland since the introduction of vaccina- tion ; to tell of the introduction of fresh virus from the famous Beaugency stock in 1866, and later of animal virus, and finally of the crowning of all — the use of aseptic virus, which has marked this present year. But the pressure of other matters forbids giving more space to this most interesting subject. A resolution was adopted to appoint an orator at each meeting. The following persons were licensed, after examination, to practice physic and surgery : Frederick Henry Shuman, M.D., Grafton Duvall, M.D., Hugh Whiteford, M.D., Richard Bowie, John M. Read and George W. Black. 1803. In his announcement of the regular biennial meeting 1803 the Secretary (Dr. Potter) alludes to the fact that many are still practicing without regard to the law, notwithstanding the appointment of censors at the previous meeting. Many of the censors, indeed, had made no returns. That those gentlemen who had neglected this important duty with which the Society had entrusted them might plead no apology for future omis- sion, he publishes their names again. He also announces that certificates of membership can only be obtained at the consti- tutional meetings of the Faculty, nor does the possession of a diploma from a medical school excuse any from securing a 51 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY license. Applicants for license were further required to make 1803 their applications at least three weeks in advance of the meet- ing of the Board. A resolution was adopted appointing a committee of five to digest a plan for the establishment of a College of Physicians and to report the same at the next meeting. On this com- mittee were placed Drs. George Brown, James Steuart, J. C. White, Edward Scott and John B. Davidge. The Board of Examiners was announced as Drs. John Archer, Sr., George Brown, Charles A. Warfield, John Craw- ford, James Steuart, Ashton Alexander, Nathaniel Potter, Ennalls Martin, S. T. Johnson, Perry E. Noel, Tristram Thomas and James M. Anderson, Jr. Dr. H. Wilkins became Treasurer. 1805 The meeting of 1805 was held in Baltimore at the cus- tomary date, the first Monday in June. The physicians of the State were invited through the newspapers to attend, and those not already members to become so. The orator ap- pointed in 1802 having been prevented by indisposition from discharging the duty at the session of 1803, did so this year, so that there were two orations on this occasion, one by Dr. John Crawford, the other by Dr. Davidge* — a rare treat in- deed. During the early years of its history, or until 1839, the Faculty devoted itself almost exclusively to its executive duties — ^the examination and license of physicians and sup- pression of irregular practice. But little efifort was made to render the meetings scientific. Essays were almost unknown, and the reports upon the different branches of medicine were not inaugurated until the late thirties. The presidents held *Dr. Davidge's lecture is in the S.-G. Library, Washington. 52 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY office for an indefinite period, and presidential addresses did not, therefore, constitute an annual resource, as now. The 1805 more stately "oration," with its wealth of classical and me- diaeval erudition, and its opportunity for dealing with "glitter- ing generalities," was more in accord with the spirit of the times, and constituted, doubtless, the leading event in the biennial meetings, helping to give interest to occasions which must have been greatly lacking in it to the general practitioner, whose attendance was not secured by the possession of an office. Writing lin the British and Foreign Medical Review, January, 1837, Prof. Robley Dunglison says : "The meetings are not attended with the same zeal as those of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the business concerns of the Faculty being generally left to the management of a few members." The following were among the earlier orators (doubtless the list is incomplete) : 1805, Crawford and Davidge ; 1807, En- nalls Martin; 1809, Owen for the Western Shore and Wm. B, Keene for the Eastern Shore; 1813, Hall for Western Shore (oration not delivered until 181 5), and Rees, of Easton, for the Eastern Shore; 1817, Potter; 1818, DeBubts; 1820, P. K. Rogers; 1823, Macaulay; 1829, Richard S. Steuart ; 1830, N. R. Smith; 1831, James H. Miller; 1833, Fonerden ; 1834, Ged- dings; 1835, S. Annan; 1841, Collins; 1846, N. R. Smith; 1848, Baxley; 1850, C. C. Cox; 1851, S. B. Martin. Of these, besides Davidge's, already mentioned, there are extant Hall's "On the Medical Law of 1799," vol. i, Trans. M. & C. F. ; Macaulay's "On Medical Improvement," pamphlet, Hist. Soc. Lib., and Potter's "Memoir on Contagion," 8vo, pp. 117, M. & C. F. Lib. There is a notice of Ennalls Martin's "A View of Fever," pp. 24, 8vo, in the TV. Y. Repository for January, 1808. 53 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY In 1807 resolutions were passed dividing' the State into 1807 seven districts and members were urged to form district societies (Medical and Chirurgical Societies), to meet regularly and send delegates to the biennial meetings. I copy the following notice of the biennial meeting held in Baltimore on Monday, June i, 1807: "It was very respectably attended, especially by the country practitioners and many use- ful regulations were adopted. The public business was finished on Wednesday evening and the examination of candidates com- menced on Thursday morning. Thirteen were passed with the fullest approbation of the Board, consisting of seven members. This duty was performed with strictness and perfect impar- tiality, as it was the study of the Board to do ample justice to the candidates and society. During this examination talents were exhibited much, very much, superior to what is generally experienced. It would not be an exaggeration of language to declare that in some instances the attainments were splendid. These are some of the happy consequences of a law which was enacted with reluctance and continues to give so much cause of apprehension to many that it is deemed hazardous to make any further appeal to the Legislature to remedy defects lest the opportunity should be seized to annul an Act which must, when its salutary effects become fully known, secure conviction of its great and extensive utility." This notice appears in the Observer, a weekly non-medical periodical published in Baltimore, vol. i, No. 25, June 13, 1807. It seems to have been written by Dr. John Crawford, a member of the Board of Examiners and one of the most eminent phy- sicians of his day. An event of this year demands an extensive notice ; this was the founding of the College of Medicine of Maryland. The bill founding this college, the forerunner of the University of 54 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Maryland, which, therefore, emanated from and owes its exist- ence directly to the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, was drawn 1807 up by Dr. John Shaw, who moved from Annapolis to Balti- more in February, 1807, and in the fall of the same year joined with Drs. Davidge and Cocke in giving a course of lectures to medical students. It passed both houses of the Legislature on December 18. In its passage through the House, an amendment was pro- posed, making the college a part of St. Mary's College on North Paca Street, which then had a literary department and aspired to the dignity of an university, but now is limited to the education of priests of the Roman Catholic Church. The amendment was lost and the bill passed unaltered. Shortly before this, Dr. Davidge had erected on ground belonging to himself, on Liberty Street, near Saratoga, a small building for anatomical purposes. He procured a subject and began the instruction of his students, but the matter becoming known, a crowd gathered in front, and increasing in noise and num- bers, soon resorted to violence, destroying entirely the building and its contents. The prejudice against dissection in Baltimore was very great, and a very general approval was given to the act of the mob. But one voice was raised against it, signed "Celsus." Upon the profession, however, it had the opposite effect. They rallied to the support of Davidge and his col- leagues, a site was offered "in the precincts" for the institution, a committee was appointed to collect funds, and pressure was brought to bear to secure the necessary legislation. This was the second and last "dissection mob," which occurred in Bal- timore. It is referred to in the Observer, in Potter's "Some Account of the Rise and Progress of the University of Mary- land," 1838, and in Scharf's "Chronicles of Baltimore." 55 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY This bill or charter provided for a very close relationship 1807 between the Faculty and the college. The third section enacts "that the members of the Board of Medical Examiners for the State for the time being, together with the president and the professors of the said college and their successors, shall be and are hereby declared to be, one community, corporation and body politic, to have continuance forever by the name of the Regents of the College of Medicine of Maryland." The regents and their successors are empowered "to receive and hold property, both real and personal, and to dispose of the same at pleasure, to sue and be sued, and to do all and every other matter and thing in as full and effectual a manner as any other person or persons, body politic or corporate, in like cases may or can do." They are empowered to appoint professors for the different branches and also lecturers upon the sciences connected with medicine, these jointly to constitute the faculty of the college. Every licentiate of the Board of Examiners who shall have practiced five years within the State, shall be entitled to a surgeon's certificate from the college. The degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Medicine are to be obtained after one and two years' attendance, respectively, an examina- tion which is to be both private and public, and the writing of a thesis. The eighteenth section enacts "that the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty in the State of Maryland shall be consid- ered as the patrons and visitors of said college, and their President for the time being shall be chancellor of the college, and the medical faculty of the said college shall give into the said Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, at each of their biennial meetings, a report of the progress of learning in the said col- lege and of such other particulars as they may think fit to com- municate." 56 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The first members of the Faculty named in the Act were "John B. Davidge, M.D., and James Cocke, M.D., joint pro- 1807 fessors of anatom}^, surgery and physiology; George Brown, M.D., professor of the practice and theory of medicine ; John Shaw, M.D., professor of chemistry ; Thomas E. Bond, M.D., professor of materia medica, and William Donaldson, M.D., professor of the institutes of medicine." Drs. Shaw, Bond and Donaldson were not entitled to the degree here applied to them. The way in which they happened to have it was this : When the bill was being read in the Leg- islature, a friend of one of these gentlemen remarked that he did not see why he should not be an M.D. as well as the others. No one objected and so the title was added to all the names where it was wanting. They all became "Doctors of Medicine by Act of Assembly," the only instance of the sort, I imagine, on record. (Biographical Introduction to "Poems of John Shaw," Baltimore, 1810, Peabody Library.) A very close relation is thus seen to have been contem- plated between the college and the Society. The former, in fact, seems to have been entirely under the control of the latter since the Board of Examiners, twelve in number, constituted a majority of the regents. It is interesting to note that these relations were permanent and that the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty has never yielded up any of the rights and privileges granted it by this charter. In the celebrated case of Regents of the University of Maryland vs. Trustees of same, tried in 1839, the Court of Appeals so decided. The Faculty could therefore at any time, if it were so disposed, reassert and legally enforce its claims to the management of the college, now the School of Medicine of the University of Maryland. Such an event is not in the remotest degree likely to occur, if for no other reason for this, that the Faculty has its hands quite full 57 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY attending to its own concerns without seeking- to add to its 1807 burden the running of a college. The arrangement of 1807 does, however, seem to have been very near perfect and the members of the Faculty must have contemplated it with great satisfaction, providing as it did the one thing lacking in their system, the facilities for instruction to those who aspired to a place in the ranks of the profession. It is interesting to note — and I stop in this place to note it — that although in the course of events the Society lost its influ- ence and importance while the college acquired an increase of both, time has established a more just equilibrium by making the Society again the guardian of professional interests, the keeper at the gate, through which the college graduate must pass before he can enter on the practice of medicine. And all who are not swayed by prejudice or self-interest must rejoice that the old Faculty, shorn so long and so unjustly of rights that had been granted to it with the most solemn assurances of inalienability and perpetuity by the ultimate arbiter of such matters in the State, has at last recovered its authority and pres- tige. In 1807 Baltimore had a population of about 40,000, being the third oity in size in the Union. It was then nearly half the size of New York and Philadelphia. Although the last of the great Atlantic seaports to be founded and although but a small town at the beginning of the Revolution, it had become a great centre of trade and population. At this time the medical schools in the United States, with the date of their founding, were: University of Pennsylvania (first called Col- lege of Philadelphia), 1765; Harvard, 1782; Dartmouth, 1798; College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1807. In the session of 1807-08 the University of Pennsylvania had 270 stu- dents and 60 graduates. There were already two collegiate 58 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY institutions in Baltimore, the Baltimore College which sprang from Mr. James Priestly's Academy in 1804, a^^d St. Mary's 1807 College, founded by French priests of the Catholic Order of St. Sulpice in 1791. There was one public library, the "Balti- more Library," founded in 1796, which contained at this time "no inconsiderable collection of books upon medical science." There were three hospitals, the City and County Almshouse, near the site of Howard and Madison Streets, the Marine Hos- pital and the Baltimore or Maryland Hospital, situated where the Johns Hopkins Hospital now is. The last was not limited to the treatment of the insane until 1838. The lectures having already partially begun were continued during the winter of 1807-08, with the added respect derived from legal sanction. At the beginning they were given at the residences of the professors, with such apparatus and acces- sories as could be improvised for the occasion. Some clinical lectures were also delivered at the Almshouse. Later an old and much dilapidated schoolhouse, situated on Fayette (then called "Chatham") Street, at the corner of McClellan's Alley, was secured and this continued to be used until the completion of the building on Lombard Street. The first course was an incomplete one, consisting only of the lectures already begun. At the first meeting of the Board of Regents, on December 28, Dr. Brown resigned his chair and on his motion was succeeded by Dr. Nathaniel Potter. Dr. Brown was made President of the Board of Regents and Dr. Davidge Dean of the Faculty. Dr. Potter did not begin his lectures until December, 1808. Dr. Donaldson's health was so bad that he was compelled to withdraw, and Dr. Bond also withdrew to the country for a similar reason. The duties of the chair of Institutes were assigned to the other chairs and the vacancy in the department of materia medica was not filled until 1809. Dissection was 59 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY suspended for some time after the "outrage." The class the 1807 first year consisted of seven, the second of ten, the third of eighteen. The first students were graduated in 1810, five in number; in 181 1 there were ten graduates. The names of these graduates are unknown. The fact of their graduation rests solely upon the statement of Dr. Potter, in his pamphlet, "Some Account of the Rise and Progress of the University of Maryland," 1838. (Hist. Soc. Lib.) I think it fair to conclude that the five graduates of 18 10 were among those who were licensed by the Faculty to practice in June, 1 810, and I venture to think that their names are Francis Cook- sey, George T. Gunby, James Orrick, William H. Dorsey and either Robert W. Armstrong or Handy Harris Irving. There is much difficulty in reaching a conclusion on this point, which is one of some interest to friends of the University of Mary- land, but on a careful study of the list of names of licentiates of 1810, given in the Treasurer's report, I have been able to eliminate from consideration all but these six. The first names of graduates of the College published are John O'Connor, of Baltimore ; Charles L. Snyder, of Hampshire Co., Va. ; Henry Curtis, of Richmond, Va. ; Corbin Amos, of Harford Co., Md., and Thomas D. Jones, of Somerset Co., Md. ("Bait. Med. and Philos. Lycaeum," Potter, vol. i, No. 4.) These gentlemen got their degrees in 1812. The following is a copy of one of the diplomas of this class, now in the Faculty room at the Univer- sity of Maryland: Collegium Medicinae Terrae Mariae Omnibus ad quos hae liferae pervenerint, Salutem. Quuni vir ornatus et summis animi dotibus instructus, Cor- bineus Amos, postquam pleno gradu arti medicae studiiisset, 60 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY nos honores academicos poposcerit, seque periculum sui facere in rebus medicis paratum ostenderit, per universam emn 1807 medicinam examinavimns. In quo periculo cum scientiarum ac . medendi artis se abunde peritum probaverit, nos dictum Cor- bineum Amos Medicinae Doctorem creandum et declarandum censuimus, eumque Medicinae Doctorem creavimus et declar- avimus, et his Uteris Doctorem constituimus, atque apud omnes haberi et appellari voluimus, eique facultatem plenissimam damns de re medica docendi et considtandi, et denique tam med- icinae theoreticae quam practicae munera ubicunque terrarum exercendi et omnes simul honores^ et jura et privilegia, ei con- cedimus, quae Medicinae Doctori usquam gentium conceduntur. In quorum iidem Uteris hisce sigillo CoUegii communi muni- tis nomina nostra subscripsimus. Datum Urbe Baltimoriensi Mensis Maii die quarto Anno Domini MDCCCXIL Carolus a. Warfield, Praeses. Joannes B. Davidge, M.D., Jacobus Cocke, M.D., Profess. Anat. et Chirurg. et Physiol, simul docentes. Elisha DeButts, M.D., Chimiae Profess. Nathaniel Potter^ M.D., Theoreticae Medicinae et Praxeos Prof. Samuel Baker, M.D., Profess. Mat. Med. The above diploma is in a perfect state of preservation, including its large oval seal. The names of the graduates of 6i MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1811 are unknown. They were probably some of the Hcentiates 1807 of that year: Robert Dawson, Stanislaus Coomes, Benjamin J. Semmes, Wm. N. Luckey, Charles D. Bruce, Jonathan Waters ( ?), John Shaafif Stockett ( ?), Henry Stonestreet ( ?)• The expenses were borne equally by the members of the Faculty of the College ; there is no evidence that the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty gave any assistance in this direction. Dr. Shaw's health gave way before the close of the first session, and he died on the tenth of January, 1809, of a rapid pulmonary consumption. He was succeeded by Dr. Elisha De Butts. Samuel Baker was chosen to the vacancy in materia medica in the same year. The other additions in the Faculty during the college period were William Gibson, professor of surgery, and Richard Wilmot Hall, adjunct professor of obstetrics, 1812. The necessity of a suitable building was early apparent. There being none in the city that could be converted to their purpose, the Faculty determined to build, and an act was pro- cured from the Legislature early in 1808 authorizing the draw- ing of a lottery for the benefit of the college. Subsequently other acts were passed. To Dr. James Cocke was due the credit of placing the institution upon a successful financial footing. But little was realized however from the lottery until after the college had passed into an university. Financial aid was re- ceived from Colonel Howard and other wealthy citizens. A lot was purchased from Colonel Howard on the northeast comer of Lombard and Greene Streets, and a building was here begun on the seventh of May, 1812, under direction of Mr. R. C. Long, a distinguished architect of the day. That building, constructed after the model of the Pantheon at Rome, still serves for the purposes oi the University of Maryland, and in its massive proportions bids fair to endure for centuries. When erected UPTON SCOTT 17J2-1814. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY it stood almost alone in the Western Precincts, and excited the pride and admiration of the entire community. From it a fine 1807 view was had of the Patapsco and Chesapeake. This building was so far advanced as to be partly tenantable during the ses- sion of 1812-13. Meanwhile arose the idea of engrafting upon the college an university. A memorial for the passage of an Act to found an university was presented to the Legislature by the President and Professors of the College, with the approval and advice of the Board of Regents. The Act was passed December 29, 1812. By it the College of Medicine "is authorized to constitute, appoint and annex to itself the other three colleges or faculties," Divinity, Law, Arts and Sciences, and "the four faculties or colleges thus united, shall be constituted an university by the name and under the title of the University of Maryland." With this Act control of the institution passed in all probability for- ever from the hands of the Society. The latter is not alluded to in the Act. There appears to have been no formal relinquishment of rights, but there was no avowed opposition. The Court of Appeals of Maryland, in an opinion delivered at its December term, 1838, declared that the Act of 1807 was still in force and that the second charter did not invalidate the first ; that in adding to the College of Medicine other colleges, the former did not lose its identity or continuity, but continued amenable to the law of 1807. Practically, however, the two bodies severed their connection absolutely at this point. No attempt has ever been made to exercise any further authority under the original charter and none ever will be. Therefore the history of the institution ceases longer to have any interest in this connection and I shall proceed to consider other matters of interest. 5 63 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY From a study of the list of members published with the 1807 "Summary" of 1807, I find that the whole membership at that date was 257, including the loi founders; only some 40-odd appear to have had a degree, M'.B. or M.D. Mention should be made of the appointment this year of a committee of twelve, styled "Committee of Correspondence, Record and Publication," whose duty it was "to solicit and receive papers on medical and other subjects connected there- with and as soon as sufficient matter shall have been collected, to publish a volume to be called 'The Transactions of the Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland,' to be continued annually, provided the necessary materials shall present them- selves." On this committee were Drs. George Brown, Warfield, Crawford, Martin, Shaw, Donaldson, Bond, Davidge, Alexan- der and Potter, and two years later they published a pamphlet styled "Appendix," giving an abstract of the proceedings of 1807 and 1809. 1809 1809. At the regular biennial meeting held this year, Dr. Samuel Baker was elected Secretary, vice Dr. Nathaniel Potter, resigned, and Dr. Solomon Birckhead was elected Treasurer, vice Dr. John Shaw, deceased. Dr. John Owen, of Baltimore, was elected orator for the Western Shore and Dr. W. B. Keene for the Eastern Shore. The Medical Examiners were Drs. Crawford, Birckhead, Davidge, Bond, C. A. Warfield, Cromwell, Potter, E. Martin, J. M. Anderson, Noel, and T. Thomas. Seven candidates were licensed. The case of one L. S. Rodriques, practicing without author- ity in the city, was reported and Dr. Allender, the censor, in whose district he resided, was ordered to proceed against him. "Dr. Allender's deportment," at was said, "has been liberal, forbearing and just towards Rodriques, who has refused to 64 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY submit to examination." The result of this arraignment is not known, but the name of "L. Rodriquez" was among those 1809 who received small sums from the City Council in 1820 for their services in connection with the epidemic of yellow fever. A list of persons elected to membership "since 1807" includes sixty-one names, of whom thirteen are accorded the title of M.D. There is in the Faculty's archives a bill against Dr. S. Baker for "50 large skins of parchment at $1 each," dated September 4, 1809. It is the oldest MS. record extant there with two exceptions. 181 1. Dr. Philip Thomas was reelected President, Dr. James Smith, of vaccination fame, was elected Treasurer, vice I8II Dr. Birckhead, resigned, and Dr. Samuel Baker, Secretary. The financial statement is, receipts $350.25, balance on hand $69.62^. The following were elected Examiners: Drs. Craw- ford, Warfield, Cromwell, Donaldson, Potter and Baker. Dr. Richard Wilmot Hall was elected orator for the Western Shore and Dr. John T. Rees for the Eastern Shore. Jonathan Waters, Robert Dawson, Henry Stonestreet, Charles D. Bruce, Stanislaus Coomes, Benedict J. Semmes, I. B. Taylor, William N. Luckey and Corbin Amos, "having passed through their examinations, were regularly received into the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty." The Board of Examiners was directed to hold two meetings a year on each Shore, one in the spring and the other in the fall and candidates were required to hand in their names before the examination began. Among the archives is a report of the "Censors of Balti- more," dated June i, 181 1, which bears the impress of Dr. John Crawford's hand and is here reproduced in abstract: 65 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY June I, 1811. Report of Censors of Baltimore. Met at Dr. 1811 Crawford's office this evening; present, Dr. Cromwell, Chair- man pro tern., Smith, Smyth, Allender and Crawford, Secretary. Have had repeated meetings since appointment. Continue to lament the difficulties they have experienced in bringing de- faulters to justice or in preventing them from committing out- rages on, an uninformed and large class of our citizens. They are still fully persuaded that a conviction in the minds of mag- istrates of their not being authorized to give judgment in favor of claimants for medical services who could not produce a license to practice as the law prescribed would greatly dimin- ish the evil complained of. They therefore strongly recom- mend that authority be granted to the Board of Censors to prosecute such measures in the name of the Medical Faculty of the State as in their judgment might be best calculated to secure a due regard for the law and a strict enforcement of its beneficial penalties. This, perhaps, would be most certainly accomplished by obtaining and publishing the opinion of one or more of the most respectable lawyers on the subject. The Board of Censors having had little business to transact strictly appertaining to the object of their institution had directed their attention to the description of diseases that had appeared in Baltimore since the last meeting of the Faculty in 1809, ^^ enumeration of which they present in the hope that it would prove acceptable. The diseases are given by months with remarks, commencing June, 1809, with cholera infantum, chol- era morbus, diarrhoea, dysentery, cynanche tonsillaris, inter- mittent, rheumatism. Dysentery prevailed in the early part of the month ; there were a few cases of ardent fever, and ery- sipelas was prevalent and refractory. Intermittents figure largely. They "generally yielded to the cinchona." "One case of cholera morbus terminated in typhus." "A convales- 66 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cent from bilious fever relapsed from a violent fit of anger and was relieved from almost a state of asphyxia by alcohol, 1811 wine and mosch." A case of iliac passion, wherein faeces were discharged by the mouth as fully formed as if from the anus, was successfully treated by enemata composed of ol. terebinth, iiss, nicotiana Jj, aq. bul. lb. j. Typhus is among the diseases enumerated and in December, 1809, "typhus mitior" occurs. Pleurisy and peripneumony were frequent in the winter, and catarrh with the characteristic dyspnoea of cynanche tonsillaris. There were some cases of mania and melancholia, one in De- cember "of Chorea St. Viti in a lady, who endeavored during the paroxysm to bite her physician. He gave her a smart box on the side of her head which instantly secured decorum." Her hair was cut off and by cold applications to her head she was speedily relieved. In the same month "the bite of a cat induced a series of spasmodic affections, some of them ludicrous, which finally terminated in epilepsy." In January, 1810, abscess of the liver is reported ; catarrhal affections in two instances accompanied with inflammation and suppuration of the sub- lingual glands ; several cases of febris catarrhalis biliosa ; one of a large indolent and insensible tumor of the parotid glands, accompanied with a teasing cough, diarrhoea and anasarca over the whole surface; "phthysis pulmonalis" unusually frequent. "A striking proof of its contagious nature occurred in a woman who contracted that disease about eighteen months ago. It was not until last month that the disease was manifest in her hus- band. Both had a colliquative diarrhoea, the latter from nearly the commencement, the former in the early part of the disease." With the coming of April, 1810, intermittents reappear, hith- erto absent ; also cholera infantum. "Bilious in some cases ardent. Many cases of haemoptysis, one fatal. Pertussis fre- quent, often severe, to several fatal ; in two instances sensible 67 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY relief obtained by vaccination." In May "a disease of the 1811 testes in a boy occasioned by self-pollution." In August ninety deaths from cholera infantum, in the August before (1809) only forty-three occurring. Again in October we have typhus mitior. From March to May, 181 1, smallpox and spotted fever are noted. The following is a copy of the security furnished by Dr. Smith, Treasurer: "Know all men by these presents, that we, James Smith and Solomon Birckhead, of Baltimore County, are held and firmly bound unto the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland in the sum of $1500, money of the United States, to be paid to the said Faculty or to their certain attorney or assigns, to which payment well and truly to be made and done we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators firmly by these presents, sealed with our seals and dated this fifth day of June, 181 1. Whereas the above- named James Smith has been appointed Treasurer of the Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland and is empowered to collect all money arising from licenses given by the Board of Examiners and to receive all donations that may be made to the Faculty and shall pay the same agreeably to the order of the President or Secretary or any two of the Examiners and shall take charge of and preserve for the use of the Faculty all property of whatsoever kind it may be : Now the condition of this obligation is such that if the above-bound James Smith shall faithfully discharge the trust reposed in him, then the above obligations to be void, else to be and remain in full force and virtue in law. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of Samuel Baker, Secretary. James Smith, [seal] Solomon Birckhead." [seal] 68 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1813. At the time of the biennial meeting, June 7, there was much excitement in consequence of the war with Great Britain 1813 and the proceedings were consequently cut short. There were twenty-three members present at the opening with Dr. Philip Thomas in the chair. Dr. Thomas was reelected and Dr. Arnest was chosen Recording Secretary, vice Dr. Baker, declining reelection. Dr. James Smith was reelected Treasurer. The Western Board of Examiners consisted of Drs. Davidge, De Butts, Potter, Cocke, Gibson and Donaldson, embracing as will be noted every member of the University Faculty with the exception of Dr. R. W. Hall, who was the orator. This shows the increasing influence of the college, which had now occupied its great building on Lombard Street and was stretching out after university rank. A committee of five was appointed to prepare testimonials on the lives of Drs. C. A. Warfield and John Crawford, deceased. Dr. Hall, the orator for the West- ern Shore, apologized for non-compliance with his duty and as Dr. Rees, the orator for the Eastern Shore, was prevented from attending the meeting "by imperious circumstances," it was resolved that both be requested to deliver their orations at the next convention. 181 5. Dr. Philip Thomas, the President, having recently died, it was necessary to select a successor, and Dr. Ennalls Martin, of Easton, was chosen to the high office. Dr. Martin, who was perhaps the most eminent physician on the Eastern Shore, was well worthy of the honor. He signalized the occa- sion of his election by reading at the annual convention "An Essay on the Epidemics in the Winters of 1813 and 1814 in Talbot and Queen Anne Counties, Maryland" (Bait., i2mo, pp. 78). But the event of this convention seems to have been the scholarly oration of Dr. Richard Wilmot Hall, delivered in the 69 1815 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Chemical Hall of the University, on the fifth of June. The 1815 delivery had been postponed from the meeting of 1813, '^^ account of the state of the country. Dr. Hall took for his subject "The Medical Law of I799-" He said the law had met with opposition and the purity of motives of the Legislature in passing it had been questioned ; its necessity and justice had been denied and its sanctity vio- lated. It was said to have established a monopoly, confining the benefits of medical practice to a select few. The result, however, had justified the wisdom of its passage, for the num- ber of empirics in the State was now comparatively small and daily decreasing, whilst the medical profession had acquired greater respectability and public confidence. The conduct of physicians had become less ostentatious and more rational. This is most interesting testimony to the salutary effects of the law from one who, although not a founder, could yet recall the very beginning of the organization and had the fullest opportunities of information upon the subject. Two hundred and fifty copies of this oration were published at an expense of $20. The following was the Treasurer's report (Dr. Handy), pre- sented June 6, 181 5: Society owns in funded stock — 5 shares Farmers Bank of Md., cost $250.00 32 shares Commercial and Farmers Bank of Md., cost 919.00 $1169.00 Amount paid into hands of Treasurer up to date. . $920.37^^ Expenses to date 778-55 Balance in hand above date $141.82 J^ 70 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A special meeting was held in Baltimore in December, 1816, to endeavor to carry into effect the resolutions of 1816 1807 relating to the formation of district medical societies. By these resolutions a division of the State was contemplated into seven districts for the purpose of more perfect organization and effective cooperation. The physicians of the Eastern Shore had anticipated this action by the formation of a society in the sixth district composed of Talbot, Caroline and Queen Anne Counties, with headquarters at Easton. The first meet- ing was held at Easton, November 5, 181 5, and Dr. Tristram Thomas was elected President. Dr. Thomas presented to the special meeting a report of this society of which I make the following abstract : "In conformity to several resolutions passed by the Faculty of Maryland at their session in June, 1807, dividing the State into medical districts with a view to the establishment of Dis- trict Medical Societies for the promotion of Medical and Chi- rurgical Knowledge," in November, 1815, the members of the Faculty residing in the Sixth Medical District were invited by public notice to meet at Easton for that purpose. The So- ciety was then organized. One stated and two adjourned meet- ings had been held and he had much pleasure in saying that the Society though in its infancy was in a flourishing state and promised to gratify the objects contemplated by the resolutions. He hoped that such a degree of zeal had been excited as would tend to the advancement of medical science. The minutes of this Society are still in existence in the hands of Dr. James S. Chaplain, of Trappe, and I have found four interesting papers in the archives which appear to have been read before it : (i) Dr. Tristram Thomas (1816) treated a case of tetanus by dilating the wound and filling it with spirits of turpentine on lint, a poultice over this and frequent immersion of the foot 71 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY in a bath of warm lie; internally, laudanum, 80 drops at once 1816 and after that 50 drops every two hours, with a glass of Ma- deira wine every hour. Next day the symptoms being the same, mercurial ointment was rubbed in the neck every three hours. These measures appearing to be of no avail, an issue was made on the nape with caustic potash, which effected a cure. (2) Dr. Ennalls Martin's paper was on "Strangulated Her- nia" and of great interest. He prefers "compression" to a cut- ting operation. He records many cases coming under his care, the first in 1785. (3) Dr. Martin also relates a case (1816) of anasarca reliev- ed by enormous doses of saltpetre (nitrate potash) in cider. A man took by mistake in one day oij of the saltpetre, drank a pint of whiskey and took a large dose of laudanum after which the anasarca entirely disappeared. (4) The third paper was by Dr. Robert Goldsborough and was devoted to the introduction of vaccination into Queen Anne's County. There was much prejudice against it among the people which seemed partly justifiable in view of the unsat- isfactory results. The correspondence between Dr. Goldsbor- ough and Dr. James Smith, of Baltimore, upon the subject is given in full. A proposition was submitted at this special meeting, Decem- ber 4, 1816, by a committee consisting of Drs. J. Scanlan, McDowell, R. Goldsborough and R. W. Hall, to do away with the Boards of Examiners, and let the Faculty of Physic of the University be the Examining Board, said Faculty alone having power to grant licenses. A proposal by the same committee for annual meetings was withdrawn. As a result of the special meeting resolutions were adopted which were made known to the profession throughout the State by a committee consisting of Drs. Owen and Hall, who issued a circular on the subject. 72 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY No great results seem to have followed these efforts. The Eastern Shore Society, the longest-lived, lasted only a few 1816 years. There is mention of others in Baltimore City, Allegany and Worcester Counties, and the activity of the Baltimore Society in the epidemic of 1819 will be mentioned presently. There are in the archives letters from Dr. D. Claude, a censor of Annapolis, dated July 22, 1817, and from Dr. Nathaniel P. Causin, a censor of Port Tobacco, Charles County, dated Sep- tember, 1817, making inquiries of the Secretary with a view of establishing district societies at those points. 1817. The annual convention assembled June 2, with nineteen members in attendance. Dr. Martin was unanimously reelected President and Dr. Macaulay was made Recording Secretary. For Treasurer there were three candidates, Drs. Smith, Clendinen and Handy, the last-named being elected. The minutes of 181 5 and of the special meeting of December, 18 16, were read. At the second day's session twenty-five were present. Dr. DeButts was elected orator for the next year. Five of the seven members of the Western Board of Examiners elected were professors in the University. The Faculty having been disappointed in its biennial orators, Dr. Potter had been requested to assume the office and had consented to do so. "The Committee of Arrangement relating to the oration for to-day reported that the Faculty would meet ye orator at the lecture room of ye college." The title of the oration, which was deliv- ered in Chemical Hall at 5 p. m., was "Contagion," and as subsequently published it formed a good-sized volume of 117 pp. 8vo. Baltimore, 1818. Dr. Potter discussed the subject chiefly in connection with yellow fever. In passing I may note that he was an ardent non- contagionist, believing in its local or endemic origin. One 73 1817 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of his arguments was that an essential feature of contagious 1817 diseases is that one attack is protective, and that yellow fever does not confer this protection. He claimed himself to have had attacks in August, 1795, and July, 1796, in both of which he had been successfully treated by his "illustrious pre- ceptor," Dr. Benjamin Rush, and again in September, 1800, when he had been carried through a still severer attack by Dr. Ashton Alexander. Owing to these repeated illnesses he had been "doomed to lament a shattered constitution before the meridian of life." The Standing Committee for publication of communications was authorized to publish Dr. Potter's work at the expense of the Faculty; 500 copies were accordingly printed, the cost being $211. It may be interesting to learn the reception of this work, the opus magmim of Dr. Potter's life and forming a conspicu- ous object in his picture at the University. Dr. Potter, it will be recalled, was one of the leading authorities of his day. It was placed with E. J. Coale, a bookseller of Baltimore, for sale at $1 per copy, who reports on May 5, 18 19, that of the 492 copies placed in his hands the previous October, Dr. Potter had received 42, 125 had been sold, mostly to booksellers at a dis- count, and 325 remained on hand. The editor of the Medical Recorder speaks of the "Memoir on Contagion" as "an irresistible body of evidence in proof of the indigenous origin of yellow fever as well as a lucid and ingenious exposition of the legitimate and distinctive charac- ters of contagion and infection." A motion was adopted that the Secretary and a committee of two publish such portions of the Transactions of the meet- ing as should be deemed of interest to the Society at large. The committee consisted of Drs. McDowell, Baker and Macau- 74 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY lay. A by-law was adopted requiring the sessions in future to be annual in&tead of biennial. Drs. Alexander and DeButts 1817 were appointed to cooperate with the Treasurer in investing the Society's funds. At this meeting a resolution was adopted "that a committee of five be appointed to take into consideration and digest the best and most eligible plan of instituting a fund or funds to be set apart and appropriated for the use, benefit and relief of widows and children of deceased members of this Society who may be in need of assistance, and that said plan be reported to the Faculty at the next stated meeting." A resolution was adopted on motion of Dr. Potter to appoint one annual orator instead of two. Dr. Tristram Thomas, of Easton, presented a report upon the diseases of Talbot County. Since his former report last December, he says, a change had taken place in the atmosphere influencing the prevalent type of fever and there had been more inflammatory action than they had been accustomed to find since 1812. In many cases repeated use of the lancet had been required ; in others depletion by the bowel, stomach, skin, blisters, etc., had sufficed. Under these measures scarcely a case had terminated unfavorably. Smallpox had appeared in a distant portion of the district during the winter but its pro- gress had been checked by the exertions of the members of the Society. Dr. Ennalls Martin presided at this meeting with Dr. Patrick Macaulay as Secretary, and fourteen are reported to have been present. 1818. The annual meeting was held in Baltimore on the 1818 first Monday in June. There were delegates present from the Sixth District Medical Society, viz : Drs. James Harper, 75 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Robert Stevens and Robert Moore, Secretary. A report was 1818 also received from Dr. Tristram Thomas, President of the Sixth District Society. Dr. Thomas reports a successful recent meeting, better attended than usual. He says that very little had been done in vaccination in the district. The New York Medical Society takes the lead in proposing a National Pharmacopoeia and sends a circular to Dr. Patrick Macaulay, Secretary of the Faculty, on the subject. Drs. Alex- ander, McDowell, Potter and Baker were appointed a commit- tee to meet in Philadelphia June i, 1819, other delegates from different parts of the Union on the subject. The Standing Committee appointed at the previous annual convention "to arrange and publish such communications as might be deemed proper to form a volume beg leave respec- tively to report that no materials of that description have been submitted to them." The report is signed by Drs. Potter, Owen and Hall. Another committee, Drs. Potter, Macaulay and Alexander, appointed to ascertain who were legally members of the Society or Faculty, on the same date report a list "as correct as the nature of the subject will admit of." 1819 1819. Dr. William Fisher became Recording Secretary and Dr. W. W. Handy was reelected Treasurer. The Examiners were Drs. DeButts, Gibson, McDowell, Handy, Jennings, Readel, Macaulay, R. Goldsborough, Irving, Thomas, Reese and Morgan Brown. Dr. Patrick K. Rogers, of Baltimore, was elected orator for the ensuing year. The name of T. P. Hall appears as Corresponding Secretary, the first mention of this office with which I have met. The dis- tricts of Baltimore, Allegany and Worcester and the Sixth Medical District, composed of Talbot, Queen Anne and Caro- 76 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY line Counties, having formed medical societies, each member of the same became a censor, ex officio. 1819 The Board of Examiners of the Western Shore finds Mr. Painter, apothecary, South Street, incompetent and refuses him license, backed by the opinion of L. Martin that it should pub- lish him if he persists in practicing-. The records of the terrible yellow fever epidemic of 1819 and 1820 ("A Series of Letters and Other Documents Relat- ing to the Late Epidemic of Yellow Fever," etc., published by authority of the Mayor, Baltimore, 1820, pp. 211) give most interesting details as to the opinions of the Faculty and Dis- trict Medical and Chirurgical Society, and of individual phy- sicians, reports of cases, etc. The disease began at Smith's Dock, west of the Falls, the first case appearing on July 21. On August 14 the disease was reported at Fells Point, one mile east of Smith's Dock. On July 31 a meeting of the Faculty was held in conformity with a request of the Mayor in the Council chamber, Dr. J. C. White being in the chair and Dr. S. Baker, Secretary. After full deliberation on de- tailed reports made by each member present of his knowledge and opinion of the health of the city, it was unanimously resolved to report to the Mayor, that it was the sense of the meeting that there was nothing unusual in the condition of affairs ; that the character of the prevailing diseases was mild, and that in number and extent they were below the average of healthy years ; that only four cases of fever of par- ticular virulence had occurred, exactly of the same nature as occurred every summer. Hence there was nothing to excite the apprehension of an impending epidemic. At the same time it was recommended that the operations of filling up the streets and docks with mud, then going on, should be dis- continued, filth of every sort removed, stagnant water pumped 77 ' MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY out of cellars, cavities containing refuse vegetable and ani- 1819 mal matters filled, streets and gutters kept clean, etc. A meeting of the District Medical and Chirurgical Society of Baltimore (one of the seven district societies formed in accord- ance with the resolutions of 1807, and the special meeting of December, 1816) was held on August 23, and a committee appointed to inquire into the health of Fells Point and examine into the condition of suspicious streets, alleys, lots and wharfs, there and elsewhere throughout the city. As a result of this examination by a committee composed of Drs. Jennings, Potter, and Martin, the committee found such a deplorable condition of things as to excite astonishment that "the late considerable mortality" had not been greater. A terrible picture of rotting wharves, stagnant ponds and vegetable and animal decompo- sition in the made ground bordering along the water was reported. The further course of the disease left no ground for doubt that the city was going through an epidemic of yellow fever such as it had suffered from in 1794, 1797, 1800 and 1808, and of which sporadic cases were seen here every summer. On August 2.y, the City Council appropriated $3000 for the expenses of the Board of Health. On August 28 the first for- mal announcement of the epidemic was made by the Board of Health, fifty cases having developed at Fells Point, with ten deaths. The physicians of the Point charged those of the city with concealing their cases and refused for some days to report their own cases and also to attend the convention of the Faculty. The reports were collected daily by two trusty mes- sengers and thus 1016 cases were reported to the authorities only twelve of which were not traced to the Point. It was estimated that there were at least 1200 cases altogether with 300 deaths. It was noted that of those who visited the Point at night, almost every one contracted the disease, whereas 78 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY those who went thither only in the day escaped with impunity. This fact was accounted for by the concentration of the nox- 1819 ious vapors near the earth at night and their rarefaction by the rays of the sun and consequent innocuousness during the day time. One writer mentions 'the animalcular theory, but the mosquito is not suspected once. The inhabitants fled from the infected area and were lodged in tents provided by the State along the ropewalks ; others found refuge in the hospitable houses in the upper part of the city or its suburbs and many fugitives resorted to mills, bams and even stables in the sur- rounding country. One hundred and forty-one were admitted into the City Hospital, of whom eighty-five died. Notwith- standing the money panic existing, abundant supplies of money, food and other necessaries were provided for the refugees by the inhabitants of the city and adjacent parts. Georgetown alone contributed $700. The encampment continued fifty- three days, and it was not until October 30 that the refugees were notified that they might safely return to their homes. It was noted that the mortality was very small in those who were attacked after removal from the infected area and among the inhabitants of the tents and marquees, over a thousand in num- ber. There was scarcely one who did not regard the epidemic as of local origin and non-contagious. Dr. Reese, who wrote an excellent monograph on the epidemic, believed that the miasm rose from the surface of the stinking ponds to the east of the city and was wafted to the Point by the wind. The treatment pursued was free bleeding, two to four pounds usually, with repetition in a few hours where relief did not follow ; calomel, ten grains every two to four hours, aided by emetics, cathartics and blisters. The two first remedies were the stand-bys. Calomel was used in enormous doses by some practitioners, twenty to sixty grains or a teaspoonful even every 6 79 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY two hours for a day or more. Food was withheld entirely until 1819 the disease was gotten under subjection, and drinks were administered cold, usually molasses and water. The confidence of the authorities in the profession is shown by the application of a committee of the City Council to the District Medical Society, representing the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty residing in Baltimore, for their advice and counsel as to the causes and the most effectual means of preventing a recurrence of the epidemic. Under date of January 22, 1820, Dr. Ashton Alexander, President, returns an answer by order of the Society. The cause of the epidemic is referred to the decomposition of vegetable matters, as in a cargo of decaying vegetable sub- stances ; the disease is not contagious ; habits and mode of living have nothing to do with its production except as predisposing causes by producing debility of system; it is recommended that there should be "at least one medical character" on the Board of Health and that the Board should have at command an energetic police vested with full powers to remove persons and property ; the docks and wharves should be cleansed early in the spring, putrescible materials removed or covered over with clay and sand and then paved, an elevation being left in the centre for drainage, the object being to make a surface impervious to the noxious effluvia; stone facings for wharves are recommended in future descending to low-water mark; streets, lanes and alleys should be raised, drained, cleansed and paved; cellars should be prohibited in made ground or kept dry; heavy penalties should be inflicted on all persons who fill up low wet grounds with putrescent materials and all made grounds should be well raised and drained ; the cove between the Town and Point is regarded as especially a prolific soil for the miasm and should be improved, filled and wharved as soon 80 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY as possible; rigorous inspection of premises from March to November is urged; offal and impurities should be promptly 1819 removed from wharves and docks ; strict quarantine should be enforced upon cargoes, not upon crews and passengers ; public squares should be laid out, trees planted, etc. A singu- lar recommendation is that the lazvs restricting hogs running at large and the throwing of kitchen offal into the streets be repealed, as these animals destroy vast quantities of such mat- ters zvhich if suffered to undergo decomposition might become pernicious to health. The report is signed by Ashton Alexan- der, President, and John B. Caldwell, Secretary. It is a most interesting document well worthy of perusal. In fact the whole conduct of the profession during this time of public tribulation is most commendable. The failure of the eminent gentlemen of the profession (Drs. White, Baker, Owen, Davidge, Donaldson, Jennings and others), who met at the City Hall at the summons of the authorities, to recognize the existence of the approaching epidemic on July 31, was only natural under the circumstances, yellow fever being then re- garded as only an intense form of ordinary malarial or "bilious" fever. The conduct of the Mayor, Dr. Edward Johnson, a member of this Faculty, in this epidemic, was heroic and deserves monumental commemoration by the community. 1820. At the annual convention. Dr. Robert Moore, of ^ggg Easton, succeeded his fellow townsman, Dr. Ennalls Martin, in the presidential chair, the latter having declined reelection. Dr. Martin was of the opinion that all the officers should be from Baltimore. In 1 82 1 Dr. George Frick was elected Secretary and the meeting was held at "Williamson's Hotel," eighteen members being present. 81 1821 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY In 1822 a prize essay of $50 cash, or in the form of 1822 a gold medal, at the option of the successful competitor, was offered and a committee was appointed to determine the merits of papers, consisting of Drs. Potter, Alexander, Bond, Macaulay and Gillingham. This committee announced as the subject for the essay, "The Pathology and Treatment of Chol- era Infantum." The prize was not awarded until 1826, when it was given to Dr. Samuel A. Cartwright, of Mississippi. The elaborate treatise presented by Dr. Cartwright was published in the American Medical Recorder (July, 1826). Meanwhile, since its first offer, the value of the prize had been doubled. Many essays were offered in competition. Drs. Readel, Macaulay and John Buckler were appointed a committee to prosecute all graduates practicing in Maryland without a license {Fed. Gas., Aug. 25, 1822). In this year the laws and by-laws governing the Faculty, together with a list of officers and members, was published by its order (John D. Toy, printer, corner St. Paul's Lane and Market Street). Dr. John Buckler was Corresponding Secre- tary. The Examiners were Drs, W. W. Handy, Readel, Buck- ler, Frick, Jennings, Macaulay, Gillingham, R. Goldsborough, E. Martin, J. Young, Handy, Irving and Tristram Thomas. It was announced that a district medical society had been organ- ized by Talbot, Queen Anne's and Caroline Counties and the profession in other parts of the State were recommended to do the same and send each a delegate to the annual meetings. Mention may here be made of a patent obtained from the Government by Dr. James Smith, this year. It was for "an improvement in the art of vaccination," and is probably the only patent ever granted in connection with this operation. The "improvement" consisted in moistening the crust and 82 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY grating it upon small pieces of glass or ivory, to which it would adhere when dry and might thus be transmitted by letter to 1822 remote points. Dr. Smith speaks of the crust as "a. cryptoga- mous plant of the order of fungi." The document is dated July lo, 1822, and is preserved in the archives of the Faculty. 1823 1823. The annual meeting was held at "Williamson's Hotel." The annual oration was delivered at the University at 10 a. m., on June 3, by Dr. Patrick Macaulay, who chose for his subject "Medical Improvement." His eloquent address, which is pre- served in the Historical Society's Library, was thoroughly worthy of the occasion. Dr. Macaulay seems to have been a man of great decision of character and expressed himself with vigor and force. And there was need of independent utterance, for medical colleges were then multiplying at an alarming rate and the standard of medical education was suffering a collapse from which it did not recover for nearly three-quarters of a century. Dr. Macaulay uses the following language, which shows that the Medical School of the University was still regarded as organically connected with the Faculty : "As members of the same corporation, our medical college demands our cooperation and support as long as it gives encouragement and protection to native genius and bars its portals against the entrance of preju- dice, presumption and ignorance." 1824. The annual meeting was held at "Mr. Barney's Hotel," 1324 on Light Street. Dr. Gillingham, the annual orator, was unable to be present owing to "a long and severe indisposition." The balance in the treasury was $552.23% ; amount received from twenty-three licenses, $230. It was resolved that the physicians of the State be recom- mended to receive as students "those only whose classical 83 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY attainments and correct deportment qualified them for the pro- 1824 fession of medicine." Also, that before being admitted as candidates for a degree, they should have read three years, attended two courses of lectures, and have read and studied a list of books enumerated in the resolution (Amer. Med. Rec). Dr. D. M. Reese, censor of the Third Ward, Baltimore, reports June 5 that Job Smith, the Indian Doctor, whose prose- cution had been entrusted to him at the last meeting, had left the city. Another Indian Doctor, Dr. A. Martin, had taken his place, a very popular quack, making much money. The censors had notified him of his violation of the law and he had offered to leave the city. 1825 The meeting in 1825 was held at the University, showing a continued good feeling between the two institutions. 1826 ^^ ^^^^ ^^- ^ot)6rt Moore retired from the Presidency, being succeeded by Dr. Robert Goldsborough, of Centreville, Md., who held it for ten years. Dr. Wm. Fisher again became Recording Secretary. The Medical Examiners elected were Drs, Buckler, W. W. Handy, Jennings, Macaulay, Fisher, Don- aldson, M. S. Baer, E. Martin, R. Moore, T. Denny, Irving and T. Thomas. The names of nineteen persons, admitted during the year, were published. 1827 In 1827 the meeting was held in the Athenaeum. The Treas- urer, Dr. Handy, reported balance in hand $270.49^ ; $320 had been paid in for licenses and seven shares of Union Bank stock had been purchased for $528.50. Another prize of $100 was offered, and thereafter annually it was continued until 1 83 1, when the committee awarded it to Charles Caldwell, Pro- fessor of Institutes of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in Tran- 84 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky. The earlier title of it was "Diseases Incidental to Lowlands and Marshy 1837 Grounds in Maryland." Later this was changed to "The Nature and Sources of the Malaria or Noxious Miasm from which Originate the Family of Diseases Usually Known by the Denomination of Bilious Diseases ; Together with the Best Means of Preventing the Formation of Malaria, Removing the Sources and Obviating their Effects upon the Human Con- stitution when the Cause cannot be Removed." This essay was published in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences for August, 1 83 1. This year was signalized by the founding in Baltimore of the Washington Medical College. Dr. Horatio Gates Jameson, a native of Pennsylvania, but a resident of this city for about twenty years and thoroughly identified with the community, a bold and original surgeon, a tireless student and investigator, and a prolific and graceful writer, was at the head of its faculty, which included five others, viz: Drs. Samuel K. Jennings, William W. Handy, James H. Miller, Samuel Annan and John W. Vethake. They secured a building on Holliday Street, near Saratoga, and at the end of the first year graduated twelve persons. Later they built the structure on North Broad- way, now occupied by the Church Home and Infirmary. There appears to have been much jealousy entertained against Dr. Jameson, who had been thwarted of a position in the Faculty of the University, of which at one time he seemed to have a good prospect. Dr. Duncan Turnbull, the Demonstrator at the University, in 1826 published a pamphlet reflecting strongly upon Jameson. In 1828 this was republished with more aggra- vating charges by Dr. F. E. B. Hintze, a prominent practitioner in the city. Statements made in this publication impugned the professional and private standing of Dr. Jameson to such 85 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY an extent that he could not ignore them and accordingly he 1827 brought suit against Dr. Hintze in the courts. The account of the trial of this suit, which was published in the American Medical Recorder of January, 1829, shows that a great deal of bad feeling existed in professional circles here. The leading physicians were summoned. Dr. Jameson seems to have acted throughout in a dignified, dispassionate manner, in striking contrast to the conduct of his opponents. The result was a vindication for him. With the founding of the college, Jameson also founded a medical journal, the Maryland Medical Recorder, the first num- ber of which appeared in September, 1829. 1828 1828. Dr. Goldsborough, the President, was prevented by private matters from attending the annual convention, which was presided over by Drs. Jennings and Hopkins. There were fifty-five members present at the opening. Dr. Fonerden was elected Recording Secretary and Dr. R. S. Steuart orator for 1829. Dr. Handy, Treasurer, reported that $300 had been received from licenses during the year and $390 from dividends on the bank stock, making with previous balance, receipts, $811.70; expenditures, $56.87^, leaving a balance on hand at the date of the report of $754.82^. The Committee on Prize Essay reported that but one essay had been presented, which had subsequently been withdrawn by the author. The question of the recognition of college diplomas came up at this meeting. The Examining Board of the Western Shore had voted March 17, 1828, to recognize the diplomas of the "Washington Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Baltimore," and to refer the whole question of diplomas to this convention. Dr. Potter moved that the Examining Board con- 86 CHARLES F. WIESEXTHAL 1 726- 1 789. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY suit the Attorney-General as to the legality of the diplomas of this college. After further discussion the matter was decided 1828 by a motion of Dr. Baxley that the Board of Examiners should subject all persons applying for license to examination, which was adopted by a vote of 26 ayes to 16 nays. The following note is preserved in the archives : Baltimore, June 21, 1828. Communication from Dr. M. S. Baer, Secretary of the Board of Examiners, to Dr. Fonerden, Secretary of the Faculty, conveying a resolution adopted by the Board, "That the Secretary of the Medical Faculty be directed to grant licenses to all persons presenting diplomas from the University of Maryland issued before the date of the convention of the Faculty of June, 1828, on payment of the customary fee," and also notifying him that Dr. Wm. Donaldson had been elected Chairman of the Board of Examiners. 1829. On April 8 the Board of Examiners requests the Secretary of the Faculty to notify all persons applying for license to practice to appear before it before license be granted. The committee on prize dissertation (subject, "Causes and Treatment of Typhus Fever") reports that neither of the two papers presented had been judged worthy of the prize. The report was signed by Drs. Potter and Thos. E. Bond, Com- mittee. There is an undated note in the MS. archives that "objection was made by one of the prize essayists that justice had not been done him," and a new committee of five — ^Tristram Thomas, Wroth, Denny, Sykes and G. T. Martin — was appoint- ed to report at the next convention. This doubtless refers to the above report. The objector was probably Dr. Baxley. See proceedings of 1830. The annual oration was delivered at 5 p. m. on June i by 87 1829 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Steuart, his subject being "The Nature and Phenomena of 1829 the Nervous System." Dr. N. R. Smith was selected as orator for 1830. A loan of $300 was made to a Mrs. Middleton at legal interest. Of its nature I know nothing. It was renewed in 1830 on the same security. On October 30, 1829, Dt. W. B. Tyler writes from Fred- ericktown, asking a certificate that James Ligget is not a mem- ber, as he and Dr. Baltzell, censors, will again renew their efforts to convict this obstinate offender. They had been cheated out of a hearing before, which made it necessary to renew pro- ceedings. He suggests that the seal be attached to the certificate to meet possible objections. The name James Ligget appears as an M.B. of the University of Maryland, 1827. Dr. Ligget claims the right to practice by virtue of this degree, 1830. The fees from licenses received through thirty years 1830 now amounted to several thousand dollars, nearly all of which was invested in bank stock. At the annual conventions it became often a topic of general conversation how these funds could be used so as to answer best the objects proposed in the charter. Everything had been done that was possible "to pre- vent the citizens from risking their lives in the hands of ignor- ant practitioners or pretenders to the healing art," but could the same be said with regard to "promoting and disseminating medical and chirurgical knowledge throughout the State ?" An enlightened and far-seeing member of our body did not think so and at the annual meeting of 1830, Dr. Samuel Baker, of Baltimore, offered the following resolution : "Resolved, That a committee of five, to be called a Library. Committee, be appointed to purchase such periodical and other standard works in medicine as they may deem proper, to be placed in some suitable situation for the use of the members 88 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State ; and that this committee be authorized to draw on the Treasurer for 1830 an amount not exceeding $500 for the purpose above-mentioned, and that this committee report at the next meeting of the con- vention. It is also made the duty of this committee to draw- up such rules and regulations as may be necessary for the safe keeping and management of the library so procured. Com- mittee : Samuel Baker, Peregrine Wroth, Wm. W. Handy, John Fonerden and H. W. Baxley. Resolution offered by Dr. Baker, appropriation on motion of Dr. Jennings" (MS. archives). The convention being well attended, the resolution was thor- oughly discussed, and to the gratification of its friends it met with no opposition that did not finally yield to a conviction of its practicability and usefulness. It was triumphantly car- ried and "thus was laid the foundation of a collection which by a liberal annual appropriation out of the dividends of the bank stock became in a few years a very valuable treasure-house of ancient and modern authors." Dr. Baker continued as chairman of the committee up to the time of his death in 1835, giving to the enterprise his earnest and zealous support. Little had been done previously to this towards any public collection of medical books in Baltimore. In 1808 the Baltimore Medical and Physical Recorder announced that the public city library contained "no inconsiderable collection of books upon medical subjects." In 1813 the Faculty of the University of Maryland bought from Dr. John Crawford's widow the library of that physician, then recently deceased, amounting to several hundred choice books. Dr. Fonerden was appointed librarian at a salary of $100 per annum. Large donations of books were made by members of the Faculty, Dr. Fonerden taking the lead. Among other contributors appear the names of Drs. Geddings, John H. Bris- 89 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY coe, George S. Gibson, Knight, Dunglison, Cohen, J. P. 1830 Cockey, Harrod, Alexander, Jennings, Frailey and J. B. McDowell and Messrs. John and Joseph Neale. Dr. Jameson donated the entire exchange list of the Maryland Medical Re- corder. The addition of old authors was left to the liberality of the members, while the appropriation (amounting in the first decade to about $300 per annum) was reserved for the purchase of new books. Among rare old authors contributed to the shelves were editions of Hippocrates, Aretaeus, ^tius, Paulus, Oribasius, Actuarius, Celsus, Scribonius, Marcellus and others. For some years the library continued to be the pride of the members, serving as a bond of union and a centre around which they could rally. Where it was kept at first we do not know ; probably at the house of some member. In 1835 we find that Dr. Chew was librarian and the announcement was made that it would thereafter be located at his residence on Lexington Street. A notice in the American in 1840 shows that it was then located at Dr. Chew's office, "88 N. Howard Street, east side, between Saratoga and Mulberry," and he was still in charge of it. The first catalogue was printed in 1833. Another issued two years later contains 569 entries, showing that to be the number of volumes in the collection at that date. Additional entries to the list made in writing carry the number by 1840 to 979. This small catalogue of 1835 with interleaved additions is in the Surgeon-General's Library at Washington. It is a lea- ther-backed book 6y2 X 4j^ inches and was printed by John D. Toy, Baltimore. "The existence of such a collection," says Dr. Fonerden, Chairman of the Library Committee {Md. Med. & Surg. J., vol. i, 1839) "as the catalogue of this library announces to be 90 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at the command of the members of the corporation throughout the State, is one of the results of the care with which the Fac- 1830 ulty has endeavored to use its funds, wisely for a permanent diffusion of medical and surgical knowledge." And the author of the memoir of Dr. Samuel Baker, in the same journal, says that the collection was already "perhaps more select and rich in value for its size than any other in the country." The report of the Library Committee, presented at the open- ing of the hall on Calvert Street in 1858, by Prof. George W. Miltenberger, shows well some of the good accomplished by it, and that the care and interest bestowed on it and its growth and prosperity were at once the evidence and gauge of the activity and prosperity of the Faculty itself. "The older members of the Faculty must well recollect," says this report, "that for many years the library was the great tie which bound them together, and was for a considerable period one of the strongest inducements afforded, wherein we derived the main part of our revenue by the addition of new members. While it afforded facilities to many not otherwise easily obtained, it was a just matter of pride to the whole Faculty, who as long as their funds remained unimpaired evinced their appreciation of its usefulness by the liberal appropriations yearly made for its maintenance and increase. * * * -^^y Qj^g ^.^j^ deny that the coolness manifested towards the library corresponded with the darkest period of our history and that from the time when its increase ceased to be a main object of consideration, there has been a less active spirit actuating our body and a greater difficulty in recruiting our ranks. The most feasible plan to draw the profession into the Society appears to us to be a return to our old faith and habits of a firm resolve to ren- der the library sufficiently valuable to offer attractions to all our brother practitioners." 91 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Other matters of interest in this year require mention. A 1830 resolution, also by Dr. Baker, was passed establishing- a Vac- cine Agency, and Dr. William Zollickoffer was put in charge of it. The sum of $ioo was to be awarded to him provided he should sustain a vaccine institution in this city for one year from date and should conduct the same to the satisfaction of the Faculty, so that the members could at any time within that period be furnished with vaccine matter at not over two dollars per crust. From the fact that the incumbent resigned at the end of the year and that the resolution was then annulled, the presumption is that the project had not worked satisfactorily. The Treasurer reported the receipts, balance and assets for the year as $817.97, expenses $306,623^, leaving a balance in the treasury of $511.34^. The receipts from licenses had amounted to $230. The Chairman of the Committee on Prize Essays reported that the same essays as in last year had been resubmitted but no award had been made. One of the rejected essays was by Dr. Baxley. According to Dr. Jameson, there were in Maryland at this time about 600 physicians, all members of the Faculty. In Bal- timore there were about 100. Population of the State, 447,040 ; of city, 80,625. 1831 1831. Dr. James H. Miller was the orator, delivering his oration at 5 p. m. of the first day's session. Dr. Fonerden was selected as the orator for the ensuing year. The Treasurer reported receipts (including dividends on bank stock and $340 for licenses) as $1239.80; expenses, $641.75 ; balance on hand, $598.05. On motion of Dr. Baker each member using the library was required to pay $1 annually. 92 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A committee, A. Dunan, chairman, appointed by the censors to prosecute graduates of the University of Maryland who were 1831 practicing without license, reported that after various inter- views with a committee of conference appointed by the latter, they had employed Mr. John V. L. McMahon as counsel for the Faculty and suit had been instituted in the Baltimore County Court to decide the question in the fall. There is in the archives of the Faculty a MS. resolution pro- posing for the sake of harmony between the Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty and the University of Maryland that the Examining Board of the Western Shore be composed of five physicians of Baltimore not connected with the Faculty of the University and of two members of that Faculty. There is no statement as to when or where it was offered or whether it was passed or not. A motion to pay Dr. Zollickoffer $ioo for his services as Vaccine Agent was lost. An arrangement was entered into with Dr. O'Brien for the ensuing year of the same nature and upon the same terms that had been offered to Dr. Zollickoffer. Dr. Jameson offered a resolution appointing a committee to collect cases and facts for publication, which was adopted. 1832. The annual convention was held June 4 in Baltimore, thirty-one members attending the opening meeting including the President, Dr. Goldsborough. The Recording Secretary, Dr. Fonerden, was elected orator for 1833. The Treasurer reported a balance on hand of $523.35. Dr. O'Brien received $100 as Vaccine Agent for the past year, a committee having reported favorably on the institution conducted by him under the auspices of the Faculty. The appropriation was renewed upon the same conditions for the next year and a resolution ordered to be published recommending the institution to the 93 1832 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY patronage and confidence of the profession. A committee was 1832 appointed on motion of Dr. Baker, seconded by Dr. Fonerden, to report "on the expediency of procuring a permanent situation for the accommodation of the convention." For the Library Committee Dr. Baker reported that 274 volumes had been imported during the year. With others ordered the total in the library would be 343 volumes, many probably not to be met elsewhere in this country. The collection was already "much appreciated." On motion, $300 were appropriated for the use of the library, and $100 for librarian's salary. An interesting event should here be noted, which was the origination in July, 1832, of one of the first Codes of Medical Ethics devised in America, by the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Baltimore, an association founded about 1830, by Dr. Samuel Baker. Dr. Baker was also the first President of this associa- tion, and with Drs. Maxwell McDowell and Thomas H. Wright formed the Committee of Honor which drew up the code. This same society drew up the first fee table in Maryland, which was later (1848) adopted and published by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. During the summer and fall cholera prevailed throughout the country and with other cities it visited Baltimore. The first case reported in the city was on August 4, although Dr. Jameson had seen a case which he regarded as cholera as early as February 19. The deaths from the disease numbered 853, or one in 96 of the population. The City Council appropriated $40,000 for the uses of the Health Department. Three public hospitals were opened. There is no record of any official action taken by the Faculty, which was indeed unnecessary, as the city had a strong medical Board of Health, headed by Dr. Jameson. Among the deaths was that of Dr. John Cromwell, 94 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY founder (see Historical Sketch of this epidemic in Jameson, Md. Med. Rec, vol. iii, No. i, July, 1832). 1833. The annual meeting was held June 3, thirty-three ^ggg members being present at the opening, including the President, Dr. Goldsborough, Recording Secretary Dr. Fonerden and Cor- responding Secretary Dr. Baxley. Professor E. Geddings, of the University of Maryland, was elected the orator for 1834. The Treasurer's report was as follows : Balance from previous year $537-^5 Dividends from Com. and Farmers Bank 5i-20 " Bank of Baltimore 18.00 " Union Bank 1 17.00 Licenses 220.00 $943-85 Credit. Cash to Dr. O'Brein, Vaccine Institution $100.00 " Dr. Fonerden, Librarian 100.00 " " for use of Library 300.00 Etc., etc 4972 $54972 Balance in Treasury, $394.13. The Committee on Permanent Room asked for further time. Dr. Samuel Baker, Chairman, presented the report of the Library Board. The $300 appropriated at the last annual meeting had been invested in the purchase of books. A small edition of a catalogue had been printed and was now ready for distribution. It was proposed to issue an annual supplement until a new edition was demanded. ' 95 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY "The establishment of your library has already been attended 1833 with great advantages to a number of zealous cultivators of medical science ; and they entertain a belief that at some future day many learned teachers and authors who may adorn our State will acknowledge themselves indebted to your wisdom and liberality for facilities enjoyed by them in the prosecution of their researches through the formation of your useful library" (Lib. Com. Report, 1833). An appropriation of $200 was made to the library for the ensuing year. Dr. Peregrine Wroth writes from Chestertown, November 13, 1833, regarding trials of persons charged with practicing ille- gally. He says that in obedience to instructions received from Dr. Baxley, Secretary of the Faculty, Drs. Brown, Crane and himself had caused several individuals to be indicted. General Chambers had been employed to assist the State's Attorney in the prosecution. The accused were all Thomsonians. In the first case two were convicted by the jury but had gotten off, the court adjudging the indictment defective as it failed to set forth that the accused had not practiced prior to the act regulating the practice of medicine. This is the first intimation of opposition on the part of this sect, which was the cause of so much trouble a few years later. An item of $150 paid E. F. Chambers, December 7, 1833, evidently refers to the above suit. 1834. The annual meeting was held as in the two previous 1834 years at the Athenaeum on St. Paul Street, thirty-two members being present. The Committee on the Treasurer's Accounts reported expenditures for the year $972.42^/2, leaving a small balance of $i.55>4. Prof. Eli Geddings, of the University, was the orator. Dr. Samuel Annan was chosen to deliver the next oration. Dr. Fonerden withdrew from the office of 96 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Recording Secretary and was succeeded by Dr. R. A. Durkee. Dr. Handy declined a reelection as Treasurer and was sue- 1834 ceeded by Dr. Edrington, who, objecting to giving security, was excused from this requirement. An appropriation of $ioo was voted for the salary of the librarian (Dr. Fonerden) and $200 were voted for the purchase of books. The librarian was directed to have printed a supplement to the Library Catalogue. A letter from Dr. Peregrine Wroth, of the Eastern Shore, was read, giving an account of the prosecution of several ille- gal practitioners there. 1836. A committee was appointed to conduct a series of -_„ experiments with vaccine and variolous matter. On Dr. Dun- bar's motion a second committee was appointed to prepare for the next annual meeting "A Review of the Progress of Medi- cine and Surgery." The reports on the latter subject were made for many years by Dr. Dunbar, who claimed that this Society was the first in America to adopt such a system of annual reports. Some insight into the affairs of the Faculty at this time is given by Dr. Robley Dunglison in his journal, The American Intelligencer and Medical Library, which he began in Philadel- phia at the close of this year. Having been engaged in teach- ing in Baltimore for the previous three years, it would seem that he ought to have been correctly informed upon the condition of the profession in this city during that period. 'Tn Maryland as in Massachusetts," he says, "the unlicensed prac- titioner cannot recover, but is subjected to heavy penalties and prosecution. It has been decided, however, of late, by the Court of Appeals of the State, that a diploma from the University of Maryland is a State license and therefore her alumni are exempt from the demand. The annual meeting takes place the 97 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY first Monday in June, and an annual orator is appointed for 1836 this occasion. The meetings, however, are not attended with the same zeal as those of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the business concerns of the Faculty being generally left to the management of a few members. The library already pos- sesses upwards of 600 volumes, the production of some of the best authors in the different departments of the science. Not long ago an application was made by Thomsonians and the Legislature of Maryland to permit them to establish an infirm- ary within the State and to teach medicine uncontrolled by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, but it was rejected." Dr. Maxwell McDowell, of Baltimore, was elected President of the Faculty. 1839. This was an annus memorabilis in many ways. There 1839 were committees appointed on the "erection of a medical hall [the first mention of this subject in the annals] on experiments with vaccine and variolous matter and the grease of horses," and "on review of progress and improvements in medicine and surgery." Provisional delegates were appointed "to a National Medical Convention whenever convened," and the formation of county medical societies in affiliation with the State Society was urged. After due and deliberate reflection the Faculty determined to publish a journal and a committee was appointed to edit it, consisting of Drs. G. C. M. Roberts, Nathaniel Potter, James H. Miller, Robert A. Durkee, John R. W, Dunbar and Samuel George Baker. This work was successfully put on foot and the first number appeared in the ensuing October, its full title being The Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal and Official Organ of the Medical Department of the Army and Navy of the United States. Qui ante nos ista moverunt non domini nostri sed duces sunt. Patet omnibus Veritas; non- 98 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY dum est occupata; multum ex ilia etiam futuris relictum est. Seneca, Epis. 55." 1839 In their address to the professior the committee say : "The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, at its annual session in the month of June, after due and deliberate reflection, having determined that a journal devoted to the interests of medical science was needed in this city and State, appointed the undersigned a committee to superintend the issuing of such a periodical. With a regularly and legally organized Faculty throughout the State, numbering in its ranks members in no point behind those of our sister States in their attachment to the profession of their choice, talent to sustain its interests, diligence and zeal in meeting the claims of the public upon them, with a city containing its six hospitals and two colleges, all in course of successful operation, and facilities for the examination of disease in all its varieties quite as extensive as those in other communities, the committee have entered upon the discharge of the arduous duties devolving upon them as the conductors of this journal, animated with the prospect of success. We have done so by no means unaware of the vast amount of labor attendant upon and the host of difficulties which surround such an undertaking. We feel indeed that in the midst of the multitudinous engagements which throng us individually, in the pursuit of our profession, we are unpre- pared to discharge as faithfully as should be, the claims now upon us. Having, however, been called to the post we occupy, not by choice or seeking, but by the unanimous suffrage of our brethren who have thereby given us the assurance of their continuance and support in our labor, we could not shrink from the call. Of our individual talent for the work we can say nothing; our paper must speak for us in this particular. We, however, pledge our best ability to sustain the undertaking 99 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY until those who called us to the post shall have an opportunity 1839 to pass upon our work, and either continue us in the relation we now hold to them or supersede us by the appointment of others better qualified to meet their views and wishes. We cheerfully undertake the duties imposed upon us because we believe that we shall not be left to contend single-handed for the object in view. Having a claim for assistance upon our brethren throughout the city, State and United States, we doubt not they will as promptly meet that claim, as we have pledged ourselves to our work. To them we now make our appeal, con- fident that it will be responded to with promptness and the pages of our ensuing numbers enriched by their contributions. "Our course shall be fair and open; our object and desire is to afford another medium through which our junior mem- bers, in association with their aged and more experienced brethren, may have an opportunity of spreading before the public the result of their labor and reflections. "We hope to be able to give, in addition, such a digest of all foreign and domestic matters in connection with the science, as will be alike pleasing and profitable. "We have done. Our appeal, in company with the first num- ber of our work, is now before you. We commend them both to your interest and favor." The journal, which in form was a small-sized octavo, appear- ed quarterly. An examination of its pages will show that it was printed in the very best style and was remarkably free from typographical and other errors. It was also ably edited and the contributions were of a high degree of excellence. Among the contributors, for instance, to the first number were Potter, Baker, Jameson, Power, Buckler, Dulin, Hall, Aikin, Mutter and others. The Army and Navy contributions added greatly to the value of the work. In the second number there appear loo MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY nineteen original papers, the largest number published in a Maryland journal up to that date. The last issue of this jour- 1839 nal, at that time under the editorial care of Drs. Roberts and Chew, was in March, 1843. There had been no falling off in the ability or vigor of its management, and it is quite evident that the failure of adequate pecuniary support was the main element of its premature decease. If one might suggest, it seems to the writer that such an enterprise can only be a success if conducted in a thoroughly business way. It must have an energetic business man at its head, who will study to make it of use to the public and thus provide other sources of revenue besides the small fund which comes from subscriptions. Equally important is the securing of a thoroughly competent editor, tactful, vigorous, intelligent, who can deal with the questions of the day. Essential, I con- sider it, that such a man should be adequately compensated for his time and services, so that he can devote himself without disquietude to his editorial labors. The idea of reviving the Journal has been suggested on more than one occasion, even within the recollection of' the writer, and it is not unlikely that it may yet some day become a reality. Should that happen, the above suggestions are offered by one who has thought much over the matter and has had some experience in it. Shortly before this evidences appear of the activity in this community of some one or more followers of the "Thomsonian or botanic" class of practitioners, a sect in medicine founded by one Thomson, a native of New England. One of the leading principles of their doctrine was that the human body was com- posed of four elements ( ?) — earth, air, fire and water. By these pseudo-philosophers metals and minerals were regarded as having the tendency to draw all who use them down into the earth, this view being founded upon the convincing fact that lOI MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY they are found only in the depths of the earth. On the other 1839 hand, since vegetables spring up out of the dross and vulgar earth into the air, they tend to raise men away from the grave. The sect had a brief season of success, as many another false and absurd practice has, but the want of any real merit in it, the gross ignorance of its followers and the violence and even iatal effects of the powerful doses of herbs which they employed, led in a short time to its dissolution. In 1833 there was pub- Hshed in Baltimore a i2mo book, bound in sheep, with the title "Families' New Guide to Health ; Together with an Expo- sition of the Thomsonian Preparations of Medicine." Some years later, as has been stated, an unsuccessful attempt was made to induce the Legislature to permit the establishment ^ within the State of an Infirmary and the teaching of the system uncontrolled by the State Faculty. The promoters of the sys- tem persevered, nevertheless, in their efforts, and they finally had the address and influence to control legislation in the State and obtain from the Legislature the passage of an Act (Chap. 28, 1838-39), entitled "An Act to Authorize Thomsonians or Botanic Physicians to Charge and Receive Compensation for their Services and Medicine." This Act was a virtual repeal of the charter of the Faculty and was the most critical event in its history up to that time, depriving it of its chief privilege and function, which it had, unquestioned, exercised for the benefit of the community for forty years. Its importance seems to have been recognized at the time and subsequently. "It deprives this Faculty of such of its functions as are essen- tial to its vitality" (report of committee, Roberts and Cohen, 1854). But a spirit of supineness and lethargy seemed to seize hold of the entire body which even the sense of self-pres- ervation failed to banish. We do not learn that any repre- sentative of the Faculty attended the session at which this great 102 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY injustice was perpetrated, or that any protest was uttered at the time against it. No attempt was made to test its vaHdity 1839 in the courts or to assert the rights which had been solemnly conferred by the charter of 1799, a charter obtained after so many years of painful and eager longing and which now as with a besom of destruction was swept away in an instant carrying with it the fairest hopes of the profession. Years after, an attempt was made by a few noble spirits led by Rob- erts and Cohen, but they received no backing and it resulted in dismal failure. The late Dr. John R. Quinan, than whom a more devoted and disinterested lover of his profession has never adorned the annals of Maryland, investigated the mat- ter in all its legal bearings and laid his results before the Faculty in his elaborate presidential address of 1886. As throwing light upon the history of the State, and in justice to Dr. Quinan's memory and services, the matter cannot be dis- missed without further allusion to his paper. He points out that there is a discrepancy between the title and body of the Act, the latter saying nothing whatever about Thomsonians or any other special class of practitioners, the language being, "It may and shall be lawful for each and every person being a citizen of this State to charge and receive com- pensation for their services and medicine in the same manner as physicians are permitted to do." The author of this Act, so destructive to the best interests of citizens, so obstructive to progress and so degrading to the intelligence of this com- munity, ought to be published and branded with the eternal infamy he deserves ! Dr. Quinan shows very conclusively that it is a point well established and beyond controversy that an Act of the Legislature of Maryland must be construed according to its title, and hence that the Act in question excepts no one but Thomsonians or botanic physicians. As these no 103 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY longer exist, the law is imperative, and as there is no other 1839 legislation upon the statute books repealing the Act of 1798, the conclusion is that that Act is still in force as fully as it ever was. Further, by reference to decisions of the Supreme Court, he shows that chartered rights are inviolable and that the Legislature in depriving the Faculty of any part of its rights under the original charter was going beyond its power. The reasoning and facts of our late eminent colleague are incontrovertible, and 'I quote the concluding words of his earnest but fruitless plea: "And now, gentlemen, in closing, let me say that if after a full examination, and deliberate dis- cussion of this question, you decide as I do, that our chartered and vested right to require licenses from all who desire to practice medicine and surgery in this State, exists to-day in all its integrity, unimpaired by legislation, unrevoked by judicial decisions, as it did on the day it was granted, eighty-seven years ago, then I adjure you by your own regard for your own highest professional interests ; by your regard for the honor, dignity and moral elevation of your calling; by your respect for the example of your brethren in other and adjoining States who have successfully driven from their borders the hordes of harpies who were fattening on the credulity of the people ; by your regard for the ancient reputation of this venerable Faculty and the restoration of that vigor of which it has been so long shorn by the Delilah of supineness and neglect ; by your regard for the lives and sanitary welfare of the community — by each and all of these considerations, I adjure you boldly and man- fully to assert and enforce your vested rights and at once and forever clean out the Augean stable of charlatanism and quack- ery." The blow which had been inflicted by a recreant Legislature soon began to show its dire effects. Physicians, whether grad- 104 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY uates of the Maryland schools or not, no longer submitted to examination or procured a license. But few members joined 1839 and the sources of revenue were dried up. It seems strange that notwithstanding this result, which might have been fore- seen, the Faculty should within a few months after the passage of the fatal Act, have voted to publish an expensive journal. Can it be that the members expected the Journal to be a money- making enterprise, or to make up in some other way for their loss? In this year was founded the Baltimore College of Dental Surger}^, the first institution for the education of dentists ever established. Since early in the century instruction had been given to dental students in Baltimore by Dr. Horace H. Hayden, a gentleman of rare scientific attainments and it is said that lectures had been delivered at the University of Mary- land by him upon this subject in 1837. Dentists had been licensed by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and the writer has seen one of these licenses, that of Dr. Hayden in fact, but having no date. The founders of the school first endeavored to engraft it upon the University as a separate department of the same. Being unsuccessful in this, doubtless owing to the un- settled condition of the latter, which had shortly before this been rent in twain and was but just emerging from a nearly fatal lawsuit, they boldly launched out upon the untried sea, with an independent school. Their immediate and marked success shows that this effort was opportune and that they sup- plied a real want. The first Faculty of the College were Drs. Hayden, Baxley and Thomas E. Bond, Jr., and to these were shortly afterward added Dr. Chapin A. Harris, all being mem- bers of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. The movement which led to the founding of the Maryland College of Pharmacy also originated in this year. Prof. Wm. 105 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Fisher, a distinguished chemist and incumbent of that chair 1839 at the University, 1837-39, devised the plan for it in the spring of 1839, when he was stricken down with hemiplegia. Dr. Thomas Buckler seconded the proposal and urged its import- ance in the first number of the Journal. At the annual meeting held the following year, June i, 2, 3, 1840, a committee was appointed to plan conjointly with a number of pharmacists, an organization, and report at the next meeting. The agitation of the subject, although without immediate results, was not fruitless since we learn from the MS. records of the University (Historical Sketch of Univ. of Md., by the author, p. 113), that a college was organized and a cabinet of specimens collected. A chair of Practical Pharmacy was instituted and lectures were annually delivered at the University, from 1844 to 1847. The college was incorporated on the twenty-seventh of January, 1841. After a cessation of some years, the lectures were resum- ed in 1857, and have been given without further break up to the present time. From 1858-61 the College occupied the Hall of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, No. 47 North Calvert Street, and during this period issued a quarterly journal and transactions. It has now a fine building on Aisquith Street, and stands among the very best institutions of the kind in the United States. At the annual meeting $291.30 were reported as collected in dividends on the stock owned by the Faculty. Twelve new members had been added during the year. The convention of 1840 was held in the saloon of the 1840 La.w Building, corner of St. Paul and Lexington Streets, on June I, 2 and 3. Dr. Stephen Collins was elected orator for the next meeting, and the usual appropriation of $300 was voted to the library. 106 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Cohen, Treasurer, reports receipts and expenses each $295.40, leaving a balance due the library from the appropria- 1840 tion of the year before of $225.56. Committees were again appointed ( i ) on "Experiments with Vaccine and Variolous Matter and the Grease of Horses," (2) on "Review of Progress in American and Foreign Medi- cine and Surgery," (3) to represent the society at National Medical Convention, (4) Editorial, (5) to plan an organization of a College of Pharmacy. A semi-annual meeting was held in November, in the Chemical Hall of the University. On December 15, 1840, the Finance Committee was com- pelled to borrow from bank $450 for six months, to meet the demands of the publisher of the Journal, hypothecating thirteen shares of the Faculty's stock as security, the President also making himself individually responsible. This loan was renewed several times and was not paid until September 4, 1843. At the meeting of 1841, Dr. Maxwell McDowell was jg^^ reelected to the presidential chair for the fifth time but declined and was succeeded by Dr. Joel Hopkins. The cash on hand was $103.04. The Editorial Committee reported that the Journal had 250 subscribers. At the last annual meeting the amount due Mr. Murphy, publisher, and others, had been $1148.49. $316.50 had been received by Mr. Murphy in subscriptions up to the issuing of the fourth number of the first volume, making the total amount received by him $753, "which deducted from the whole amount of his account leaves a balance now due him of $39549 to be provided for at the present meeting. After due reflection and repeated conference the committee have decided 107 1842 1843 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY to continue, and with difficulty have concluded a written con- tract with M. for the second volume." The meeting of 1842 was held at the new Assembly Rooms, corner of Holliday and Fayette Streets, on June 6, the attendance varying from twenty-five to forty-five. The amount in the treasury had sunk to $37.94. Four licenses only had been granted during the year. The Faculty owed now $195.45^ on vol. i and $200 on vol. ii of the Journal and a note of $450 borrowed on the same account; $200 moreover had been pledged to meet deficiencies, making a debt on the Journal alone of $1045.49. The Society seemed to be getting involved, but it was determined to go on with the Journal. A change of the Faculty's investments was made at this time. The thirty-six shares of Commercial and Farmers Bank and one share of Bank of Baltimore were disposed of and the pro- ceeds reinvested in City six per cent stock, a measure which the members had reason to congratulate themselves on. After this change the investments of the Faculty consisted of $1375 worth of City 6's, five shares of Farmers Bank of Maryland, thirty-two shares of Union Bank, thirteen of which had been hypothecated to the Savings Bank of Baltimore as security on the note of $450. An adjourned meeting was held on June 10. The library was removed the same month to the quarters of the Maryland Bible Society, where a room for it and the services of a libra- rian were secured. 1843. The annual convention was held at the Assembly Rooms and was attended by thirty-five members. No new members had been admitted during the year. There was a balance on hand of $79-49/^. The Executive Committee 108 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY reported that after the most strenuous and repeated efforts it had failed to secure an orator. The Editorial Committee, Drs. 1843 N. R. Smith, Roberts, Chew, Durkee and Dunbar, reports the number of subscribers to the Journal as 231, located chiefly in Baltimore and Maryland, and recommends that it be continued. Dr. Dunbar read the report on Surgery. A joint committee appointed June 5, consisting of the Library Directors and a special committee, to examine and report the debts of the Fac- ulty and the means at hand for paying the same, brought in the following report on the succeeding day; Debts. 1. Note due at Merchants Bank contracted for the Journal $450.00 2. Balance due Mr. John Murphy, first and second volumes of Journal, not over 200.00 3. Balance due to Maryland Bible Society for use of library room and services of librarian., 72.00 4. Balance due Dr. G. S. Gibson, Treasurer of library 2.84 5. Secretary's bill for contingent expenses 3.50 $728.34 Assets. 1. City stock, 6 per cent, cash $852.50, now worth. . $1375.00 2. Union Bank stock, 32 shares, par value $75, pres- ent value $56 a share 1792.00 3. Farmers Bank of Maryland, 5 shares, par value $50, present value $33 165.00 4. Cash in treasury 7949/^ $34ii.49>^ leaving Faculty worth $2683.15^. 109 1843 MEDICAL AiND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Estimate made of probable receipts and expenses for year : Probable Receipts. Interest on stocks $215.00 Annual contributions of $1 to library 28.00 $243.00 Probable Expenses, Interest on note at Merchants Bank $27.00 Interest on $200 due Mr. Murphy 12.00 Insurance on library 6.75 Taxes on stock 7.44 Contingent expenses of Secretary and renting room, etc 33-00 Present expense of librarian and library room 100.00 $186.19 Balance in Treasury $56.81 leaving nothing for enlargement of library. The committee presented two resolutions, (i) to remove the library and place it under the care of a member of the Faculty, if an arrangement can be made without expense for room and services of a librarian; (2) to pay quarterly out of any unap- propriated funds $30 to Library Directors for the purchase of books. By the first resolution $72 would be saved for the purchase of books. This was signed by five members. A minority report signed by three members differed, object- ing to removal. For a series of years the library had been accessible only two days a week. It was then determined to place it in a public room and under a qualified librarian with a no JOHN ARCHER 1741-1810. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY salary of $ioo. It was supposed that the annual contribution of $1 would liquidate this claim, but only $28 had been received 1843 in the whole year. The minority therefore recommend to have the library where it is and to "recommend" two dollars per annum subscription from each member for its increase and safe keeping. On September 4, 1843, $100 were paid Murphy, printer of the Journal^ in full for all claims on his part. At the annual meeting a committee, consisting of the President, Treasurer and Dr Geo. S. Gibson, had been appointed to sell some of the Faculty's stock to meet its standing obligations. This com- mittee disposed of three shares of Union Bank stock and some City six per cents, realizing $542.62, a sum sufficient to settle this account and also to liquidate the note of $450 contracted in 1840, in connection with the Journal. July 10, 1844, Dr. Wm. A. Clendinen writes to Judges Archer, Buchanan, Brice, Dorsey, Chambers, Key, and Spence, calling attention to the "Supplementary Act" of 1822, February 19, third section, requiring the judges of the county courts and of Baltimore City Court to give the Act of Incorporation and Supplementary Acts in charge to the Grand Juries. Also calling attention to indecent medical advertisements and asking them to make those concerned the individual objects of their regard. There are some answers from the judges in the archives of the Faculty. 1845. The annual meeting was held in "a hall over Mrs. Scotti's, South Street, a few doors below Baltimore," at 10 a. m., June 2. In his report, Dr. G. C. M. Roberts, chairman of the Executive Committee, apologizes for the few meetings held by the committee and neglect of the important matters 8 III 1844 1845 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY brought up at the previous annual session, pleading his impair- 1845 ed health in excuse. He also presented a brief report on Obstetrics. There was a cash balance in the treasury of $114.30. The report of the Library Directors was made by Dr. Fon- erden, chairman. During the year but $50 had been received from the Treasurer. Of this, $10 had been expended in books and $14.38 in binding. Several valuable volumes could not be accounted for and appeared to be lost. The library, which consisted of about 600 volumes, was now without a libra- rian, Mr. Tilyard having withdrawn from the place where it was kept. It was necessary, therefore, to make a new arrange- ment. The continued interest in the library is evinced by bills in the archives of January 31, 1845, "^o^ binding thirty-two vol- umes ;" of June 9, 1845, "for binding 3 volumes of Guy's Hos- pital Reports and two folio volumes;" of July 19, 1845, "^^^ binding twenty-seven volumes of monographs ;" of October 3, 1845, "for binding twelve books;" of November 25, 1845, "for binding nine books." There is record also of the purchase of one book March 10, 1845, ^.nd of two journals June, 1845. Binding was also done in April and May, 1846. A note was addressed to the various libraries in the city to ascertain what arrangement could be made about room and librarian, the latter being expected to notify delinquents every three months and to take stock once a year. The replies to this note are preserved in the archives. But it was finally determin- ed to erect shelves in Dr. Fonerden's office, he having agreed to give his services and office free and to act as Chief Librarian. Dr. Wm. H. Davis was appointed Adjunct Librarian at a salary of $50 per annum. The books were moved on August 26, and after everything was put in order, the collection was opened 112 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY to members on September 8. From this time to the next annual meeting the room was open 113 days, viz: on Monday, Wed- nesday and Friday afternoons. On twenty-nine of these there were no calls, on eighty-four there were 149 calls, all by twenty-four members. 1846. The annual convention began on June i, in Franklin Saloon, corner Baltimore and North Streets. Dr. Joel Hopkins, President, presided, and there was an average attendance of twenty members. Dr. Roberts presented the report on Obstet- rics. The Treasurer, Dr. Cohen, reported the receipts for the year as $354.94^; expenses $2i8.i6>^, leaving a balance in hand of $136.78. The sum of $100 was appropriated to the enlargement and improvement of the library and $50 to the librarian. The Library Committee was instructed on the publi- cation of the catalogue of the library to send a copy to each member. An evening session was held at Dr. Dunbar's lec- ture room. The Executive Committee was directed to report some bene- ficial scheme for the Society with a view to creating additional interest and union. The committee accordingly reported the basis of a plan for a "beneficial department," by which on cer- tain conditions impoverished members, their orphans and widows should receive pecuniary aid. Dr . Roberts was appointed a delegate "to any convention in Europe," which he was about to visit. Dr. N. R. Smith delivered the annual oration on the evening of June 9 in the church at the corner of Charles and Fayette Streets, the citizens generally being invited to attend. His subject was "Lacerated Arteries." Dr. John H. Briscoe was "chairman" of ^he meeting of 1847, which was held at the University Building, corner of 113 1846 1847 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY North and Fayette Streets and was largely attended by dele- 1847 gates from cities and several counties, forty-six being present at the opening. Dr. Roberts of the Executive Committee reported that but one conversational meeting had been held during the year owing to want of public announcement, but that one had been large. The committee had made numerous attempts to secure an orator for the annual meeting but with invariable failure. The membership of the Faculty was reported to num- ber 465 country and 135 city members. The Treasurer announc- ed the receipts for the year as $471.95 and the balance as $235.63 >^. An item in the Treasurer's report is a fee of $25 paid John Nelson, Esq., for an opinion respecting the consti- tutionality of the Act of 1838. Mr. Nelson was a prominent attorney, having his office at 35 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. The opinion is dated October 30, 1847, and is to be found in a large envelope in the archives marked "Legal Opinions on the Law and Charter — J. R. Q." He says he thinks the Legis- lature had the right to pass the law regarding Thomsonians (Act No. 281, passed April 2, 1839), ^s the exclusive power of licensing conferred on the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty in 1799 was not irrevocable and inviolable. He also says there can be no doubt that the Faculty has the power to expel mem- bers for improper conduct and practice. The report of the Library Board was presented by Dr. J. I. Cohen, who had succeeded Dr. Fonerden as chairman. He reports a falling off in the interest of the members and finds reasons therefor (i) in the few additions made of late to the collection; (2) in the small number of young men who had lately joined the Society. He urged a liberal support that it might again become as in former years the rallying point of the profession. Only four works had been added during the year and four journals subscribed for. "We believe," he said, 114 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY "that by sustaining this common bond during the present period of what we believe to be unwise legislation on the part 1847 of the State in medical matters, the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty may in subsequent years assume the high and active prosperity which it enjoyed in past years. On motion of Dr. Cohen, $300 were appropriated to the library for the next year, also all funds derived from new members. Dr. Roberts presented the report on Obstetrics, Dr. D. Stew- art that on Chemistry and Pharmacy and Dr. Dunbar that on Surgery. Dr. Baxley was selected as orator for 1848. A registration of births and deaths was proposed. A report was received from a Committee on the Epidemic Typhus Fever (lately introduced by emigrants into Baltimore), which was later published in the Baltimore Patriot, occupying one column of that paper, on June 12. The report was drawn up by Dr. Chew, chairman, and was submitted by order of the convention to the Mayor and City Council. Arrangements were made for the convention of the National Medical Association, which was to be held in Baltimore in 1848. On motion of Dr. Dunbar, it was decided to hold a general convention of all the practitioners in the State in the fall, to consult on the general interests of the profession. The Executive Committee, through Dr. Roberts, proposed a Medical Beneficial Association, and on motion of Dr. Briscoe a committee was appointed to carry out the suggestion and report at the next meeting. On motion of Dr. Baer it was "resolved that the Executive Committee be requested to take legal advice in relation to the constitutionality of the law passed April, 1839, taking away the chartered rights of this Society, and if advisable to make issue in the case either in a court of law or in the Legislature." 115 MEDICAL A/ND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Only actual members were entitled to attend the sessions of 1847 the Faculty at this time or to have access to the library. This meeting was held in the saloon of the Newton University, Fay- ette Street, between Calvert and North Streets. A special meeting was held a month later (July), at which the plan of "medical reform," as recommended by the American Medical Association, was adopted — at least three years pre- paratory study and attendance on three courses of lectures. Besides a longer course of study and stricter preliminary requirements, this plan also embraced the founding of prepara- tory and supplemental schools of instruction. The Maryland Medical Institute, founded by Drs. Frick, Stewart, Theobald and C. Johnston, was one of the fruits of this admirable sug- gestion. The Baltimore Medical Institute had already been in successful operation under Dr. Dunbar. These excellent schools were well patronized and contributed greatly to advance the teaching of the day, which through the great multiplication of colleges and the short and incomplete courses, had excited great scandal. 1848 1848. The meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Baltimore upon the invitation of the delegates of the Faculty, was the most important medical event of the year. Although preliminary meetings had been held at New York in 1846, and at Philadelphia in 1847, this was the first with complete organization and is recognized in its own Transactions as its Urst annual convention. It will be remembered that the Faculty had appointed delegates to assist in forming a National Society in 1839. Those provisional delegates had been con- stituted a committee of correspondence to call such a meeting with the concurrence of members of the profession in other States. Dr. Roberts, in his report as chairman of the Execu- 116 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tive Committee, June i, 1846, confirms this statement and says that his committee had been directed to call a convention of 1848 the Faculty of the different States in Baltimore for the purpose of devising some plan for the improvement of medical educa- tion, but the call had later been made to New York, where it was held in May, 1846. In his report on Surgery, presented to the convention of our Society in 1850 (MS. archives), Dr. Dunbar claims that to the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland belongs therefore the credit appropriated by the profession of the State of New York of having proposed and taken the first steps towards this important movement. The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty had been represented in both of the preliminary meetings and was now represented by a large number of delegates. There were also full quotas of representatives from the Medical and Chirurgical Society of Baltimore, the Kent and Frederick County Medical Societies, the two Baltimore Colleges and their alumni associations, and the hospitals. The meeting was held at the Universalist Church, on East Baltimore Street, near Central Avenue (now used as a Polish Roman Catholic Church). The use of anaes- thetics was of course the subject of supreme interest, and our Maryland surgeons took an active part in the promotion of this great boon to man. A paper on "Medical Literature," by Oliver Wendell Holmes, deserves mention because of its distinguished author and its own intrinsic interest. In the annual convention of the Faculty of 1848 we find standing committees on "Conversation Meetings," Memoirs (the first mention of such a committee). New Members, Review of the United States Pharmacopoeia and in the various branches of medicine. Dr. Dunbar presented the report as usual on Surgery. Dr. Richard S. Steuart was elected President in suc- cession to Dr. Joel Hopkins, and Dr. Wm. H. Davis was 117 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY chosen Secretary, vice Dr. Durkee, resigned. On motion of 1848 Dr. Cohen a committee was appointed to draw on the retiring Secretary for the amount of his indebtedness to the Society ($60 for hcenses unpaid). The attendance was twenty-six to thirty-seven. The Treasurer, Dr. Cohen, reports a balance on hand of $257.72^, although nothing had been received from license fees. He quotes a letter received from Dr. R. A. Durkee, Recording Secretary, in which the latter says that owing to his long illness he had been unable to attend to the business or to hand over the fees received from candidates. Dr. Durkee died before the end of the year, but his estate made good the deficit. An item from the Treasurer's ledger is, "Pd. Second Universalist Society for use of church for national convention held May, 1848, $50." The chairman of the Executive Com- mittee was directed to have printed the by-laws and charter and a list of members. The Executive Committee reports that early after the close of the convention of 1847, it had given its attention to a uniform registration law, of marriages, births and deaths in the State, and in obedience to the injunction of the Faculty, had taken the necessary steps to bring the matter before the Legislature. The chairman had corresponded with the chairman of the Registration Committee of the Legislature, and placed the draft of a law in his hands, but the latter had declined any advice on the subject. A report and bill had, however, been framed, the nature of which was unknown. A resolution offer- ed by him appointing a committee to endeavor to secure the passage of the law at the next session of the Legislature was adopted. The Library Board, through Dr. Cohen, presented its report. Books purchased, twenty-one; donated, seven. Journals received: 118 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, Wood's Qnarterly Retrospect of Medicine and Surgery, Ranking's 1848 Abstract, American Journal of Medical Sciences. The library by-laws require the presence of the librarian at the library on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, from 5 to 7 p. m. in summer and from 3.30 to 5.30 p. m. in winter. In consequence of Dr. Fonerden having given up his office, an arrangement was in progress to put the collection in the new building, the Athenaeum, comer of St. Paul and Saratoga Streets, a location admirably suited to the convenience of the members and where daily access could be had to it. The thanks of the convention were "tendered to the Com- mittee of Arrangements for the able and handsome manner in which they have discharged their duty in the reception and entertainment of the members of the American Medical Asso- ciation and also for the measures they adopted to relieve the Society of the expenses attending it." Thanks were also extended to the Dental Faculty for use of room free. The publication of an annual volume of transactions was "contemplated." The Board of Examiners of the Western Shore, which "had been constituted a Board of Honor at the last annual meeting," report three members for expulsion, Dr. Augustine Huet, "whose filthy and obscene advertisements constantly fill the columns of our daily journals, an insult to common decency and subversive of good morals," Dr. A. F. Haynel, a homoeo- pathic practitioner, and Dr. George T. Martin. The last named was a son of the great Founder, Ennalls Martin, and became mixed up with "empirical advertisements," in connection with the wholesale drug business, which he carried on in this city for some years. The Board asked that the names of these three and that of Dr. Gideon B. Smith, as meriting expulsion, be 119 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY omitted in the list of names of members about to be published. 1848 It also declared its intention of expelling others guilty of the same offense. The report was signed by Drs. DuHn, chairman, Robinson, Hintze and D. Stewart. During this meeting occurred the death of Dr. Pierre Cha- tard, and the Faculty attended his funeral in a body. Resolu- tions were adopted and it was voted to wear crape for thirty days. Owing to the prevalence of cholera throughout the country, the Executive Committee deemed it expedient in the fall of this year to call together the Faculty in order "to devise and suggest" sanitary measures for the State in case the disease appeared here. Meetings were held November 3 and 13 at the Maryland Medical Institute on Fayette Street, at which the report of a Committee on Cholera, composed of Drs. Theobald, Baer and Readel, was considered and adopted. The following is an abstract of it : Humidity and impurity of atmosphere are considered powerful predisposing factors. Cleanliness counter- acts these agencies and should be insisted on. There should be a fortnightly inspection of premises, etc., and during epidemics additional dispensary physicians should be appointed. The committee recommends the use of chloride of lime freely, warm baths, attention to clothing, avoidance of exposure and especially temperance in eating and drinking. If the bowels are constipated rhubarb should be preferred, if the least lax, lead and opium, or calomel and opium, with rest in bed. It is also recommended that an apothecary be selected in each ward where the poor may procure the above remedies free of cost. The report was ordered to be printed and sent to every town and village in the State. Honorary membership is first mentioned this year, which concludes the first half century of the Faculty's existence. 120 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1849. A special meeting was held February 13 to appoint delegates to the American Medical Association, and again on 1849 the twentieth of the same month, when a motion was adopted that the draft of a law for the registration of births, deaths and marriages "be referred to the Executive Committee, with a request to use all proper diligence to procure the enactment of the same and to solicit the cooperation of the clergy and medi- cal faculty of the State." This motion was proposed by Dr. O wings. At the annual meeting Dr. Roberts presented a short report on Obstetrics, and also a Medical Directory of the State, con- taining the names, residences, post offices and times of gradua- tion or licensing of all physicians. Dr. Dunbar made the report as usual on Surgery and Dr. David Stewart offered one on Materia Medica and Pharmacy, in which he called attention to cod liver oil, collodion and solution of gutta-percha, newly introduced agents. A resolution was adopted making members ineligible to the same office two years in succession. The Executive Committee urges further action for the estab- lishment of conversational meetings or clubs not only in Balti- more, but in every county and town in the State. The good of such meetings was pointed out, not only in the mental improvement of those attending but in the promotion of kindly personal feeling, "the want of which is so much experienced in the medical community of the State and especially in the city." Dr. Peregrine Wroth was chosen as President for the ensuing year, as I find a communication from Dr. Fonerden, dated June 1849, addressed to him by that title and also a diploma to which his name is affixed as prseses, dated November 8, 1849. 121 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The balance for the year was $123.41, of which $50 repre- 1849 sented Hcense fees. The Library Board (Drs. Fonerden and D. Stewart) reports that since June, 1848, it had made an arrangement wdth the Mercantile Library Association by which a place had been secured for the library in the Athenaeum for the next five years, with free access on every day of the week, and the attention of the librarian without further expense than the $50 annually hitherto paid to the Faculty's librarian. The library had accordingly been placed there. During the year forty-three volumes had been added to it and a number had been presented. 1850 1850. The annual meeting was held in the M. E. Church at Easton on the fifth of June, sixteen members present. Dr. Richard S. Steuart was elected President for the second time. Most of the standing committees made no report, the chairmen being absent. The balance on hand was $218.63^. Dr. Dunbar presented the fourteenth annual report on Surgery. He reports a case of malignant disease of the eye of ten years standing, which had been cured by the use of a bread and milk diet. The subject of it was "The Celebrated Dr. Twitchell, the Physick of New England," and the growth had attracted great attention at the annual meeting of the American Medical Association, which Dr. Twitchell had attended, when a great many eminent surgeons examined it. It was then reported by Dr. Bowditch, of Boston. The patient was sixty- eight years old. Dr. Roberts presented the report on Obstetrics. The Library Board reported the expenditure of $100 for books, binding, etc. Twelve new books had been purchased and three new journals added to the subscription list. The report is signed by J. Fonerden, chairman. 122 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. C. C. Cox offered a resolution, which was adopted, to appoint a committee to report on the propriety of forming a 1850 society under the auspices of the Faculty for the relief of the widows and orphans of deceased members. The committee on registration of births, etc., reported. A committee, consisting of two from the Western and one from the Eastern Shore, was appointed to consult counsel regarding the charter and law of 1839, and whether diplomas entitle the holders to practice in the State without license. The annual oration was delivered by Dr. C. C. Cox, of Eas- ton, in the presence of a large audience of members, ladies and gentlemen. Standing Committees were appointed on Surgery, Chemistry, Obstetrics, Pathology and Practice, Conversational Meetings, New Members, Materia Medica and Pharmacy, the Pharmaco- poeia and Memoirs. 1 85 1. June 4, Dr. Steuart was succeeded in the presidential office by Dr. Wm. W. Handy. Dr. Samuel B. Martin delivered the annual oration. The balance in the treasury was $283.89^. Dr. Davis declined a reelection as Secretary, and was succeeded by Dr. Frank Donaldson. Dr. Dunbar offered a resolution to reconsider the case of Dr. George T. Martin, whose name had been dropped in 1848 for "empirical advertising." It was adopted and referred to the Board of Examiners with directions to reinstate him if judged proper. Dr. Roberts oft'ered a resolution to the following effect, which was adopted: "Resolved, That the chairman appoint a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to take all necessary means to obtain the passage by the Legislature of the law on 123 1851 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY registration of marriages, births and deaths as presented to 1851 the late Legislature." This annual meeting was held at Dr. Dunbar's Baltimore Medical Institute, with eighteen members present at the open- ing. During the fall some zealous members of the Society insti- tuted weekly conversational meetings. These were continued during the year, being well attended, not only by the physicians of the city but also by those of the adjoining sections and counties. Not infrequently distinguished strangers were pres- ent at these meetings, and medical officers of the Army and Navy. These meetings doubtless contributed to revive the "drooping" Society and add to the scanty numbers of its effi- cient membership. According to a statement of Dr. Hintze, chairman of the Executive Committee, the Faculty was at this time the only Society "of which the State could boast." 1852 1852- A catalogue of the books in the library was pub- lished at this time, from which we learn that it contained 1243 volumes. The Treasurer's report showed receipts amounting to $552.39^ and a balance on hand of $177.31^. The Treas- urer's book shows that $360 had been expended on behalf of the library, including shelving, catalogue, insurance; $157.79 had been expended by the Library Board for books, binding, journals, etc. About $2(x> worth of books had been ordered; twenty-eight had been purchased and ten journals subscribed for. And now the annals tell us of one of those periodical revivals in the career of the Society, which seem to be inseparable from the history of all human organizations, in fact a law of their existence. Each depression gives way in its turn to inevitable 124 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY rejuvenation. We cannot always discover a reason for this occurrence, but there must be causes at work somewhere below 1852 the surface. The state of medical science in 1852 was under- going great change. New and more perfect methods of study were being introduced. Chemistry was contributing its aid to investigation, and with improved microscopes, histology and pathology were looming up as recognized branches of medical science, while under the magic of anaesthesia, surgery was taking a new stride. Young men trained abroad were introducing new modes of research and infusing fresh interest into every department of work. And so in 1853, Dr. Hintze could speak of "the present i853 unparalleled prosperity of the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty." Dr. Hintze had been the chairman of the Executive Committee for the year, the other members being Drs. Yeates and Dunbar; he acknowledges the aid afforded the committee by Dr. M. D. Baer, the President. In the spring of 1853, the committee issued a circular to the members throughout the State soliciting their attendance at the annual meeting, held June i to 3. The result was most gratifying, many applications for membership being received, and a large number availing themselves of the opportunity of participating in an occasion at which an intellectual feast was spread before them such as had not yet been seen at these meet- ings. Reports were presented on Modern Improvements in Surgery, by Dr. Richard McSherry; on Therapeutics, by Dr. Van Bibber ; on the Pharmacopoeia, by Dr. David Stewart ; on Recent Improvements in Auscultation in Diseases of the Lungs, by Dr. F. Donaldson; on Chemistry, by Dr. Stewart, and on Memoirs, by Dr. Dunbar. 12^, MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY An interesting communication was read from Dr. E. G. 1853 Edrington, of Pittsburg, formerly of Maryland, giving an account of the ligation of both common carotid arteries in the same subject, in 1823, by Dr. William D. Macgill, of Hagerstown, the first time this had been done. Our interest in this young surgeon, who died in 1833, is heightened by the knowledge that but a few weeks intervened between the recep- tion of his diploma in Baltimore and this great surgical feat. Dr. Edrington speaks of him as "an ambitious aspirant for surgical honors, whose life, though short, was marked by heroic efforts in his favorite branch." The meeting was rendered memorable by being the last attended by a charter member. On motion of Dr. Geo. C. M. Roberts, June 2, a committee of three was appointed to wait upon Drs. Ashton Alexander and Samuel K. Jennings, and invite them to be present at the next day's session. At the appointed hour the committee, consisting of Drs. Roberts, Dulin and Dunbar, informed the convention that they had performed the duty assigned them, whereupon Dr. Yeates, the President, arose and in suitable terms introduced the distinguished visitors to the assemblage. Both expressed their appreciation of the honor done them. Dr. Alexander said that no event in his whole life had gratified him more than this invitation ; that he had always taken a deep interest in the Faculty and had had the honor of being its first Secretary and afterwards one of its Board of Examiners ; that he would always feel an abiding interest in its welfare. He was then compelled to leave from exhaustion. As he did so the members by a spontaneous impulse arose and remained standing until he had passed out of the door. A resolution was then adopted, on motion of Dr. Kemp, "that the Faculty felt great gratification in having the presence of Drs. Alexander and Jennings at their session 126 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY this morning, and that the Secretary furnish each of these gentlemen with a copy of the above resolution." 1853 The business transactions were of unusual interest. A cer- tificate of the Secretary, Dr. Donaldson, shows that thirty-five new members had been admitted, chiefly in consequence of the action taken at the previous meeting in April allowing candi- dates to pay their license fee of $io in five annual instalments, instead of exacting the whole amount at one payment as had been the rule ever since 1799. The Board of Library Directors reported that during the previous year $325 had been received from the Treasurer and about $200 worth of books had been ordered and thirteen journals subscribed for. Forty-four vol- umes had been added during the year. It was announced that the library would be opened daily from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. On motion "the usual annual appropriation of $200 was made out of any funds not otherwise disposed of and fees of admis- sion of new members the ensuing year, as heretofore, were appropriated to the library." The Treasurer's report shows receipts $577.93>4, expenses $477.34>^ ; balance on hand $100.59. He was ordered to fund annually a sum not less than $50, but subsequently reported his inability to comply with this order. Many resolutions were offered looking to stronger profes- sional organization in the State and the recovery of lost rights, but as they accomplished nothing it were a waste of time to enumerate them. Dr. Roberts proposed "that a subscription should be taken by the Executive Committee to test in the courts of the State the value of the law and supplements incor- porating the Faculty, and also the validity of the law of 1838, or any other law conflicting with the charter." The sequel of this proposal which was adopted will appear further on. 9 127 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A special meeting was held July 6 and 7 at Rechabite Hall, 1853 "on Fayette Street near the bridge," which was secured for the occasion "at $1.50 per day including ice-water." Attention was now drawn to the fact that there was no medical society at this time in Baltimore, and the profession throughout the State was urged to form city and county dis- trict associations in affiliation with the Faculty, in accordance with Art. XIX of the By-Laws. With this view and as the re- sult of this suggestion, "The Medico-Chirurgical Society, "which had "already in former time been in successful operation in Baltimore, and whose meetings were for several years objects of much interest to the profession," was revived (in 1855). The formation of minor and more limited associations for purely scientific purposes was also strongly recommended, par- ticularly in Baltimore. Although not directly connected in any way with this body, mention must be made of the institu- tion of the first Pathological Society, which met for organiza- tion on the eleventh of June. It embraced in its membership most of the rising talent of the profession, and its proceedings which were pubHshed from time to time in the journals of the day by the Secretary, Dr. Van Bibber, showed a higher stand- ard of excellence than had been attained by any previous association in the State. The meetings continued until Novem- ber, 1858. There were fifty-eight members. A semi-annual meeting of the Faculty was held at Easton, Talbot County, in November, the object of which seems to have been to consider the condition and prospects of the Society. By meeting in the counties it was hoped to have the attendance of the county members. The success does not seem to have met expectations. A brief report of the proceedings of the year was published at an expense of $24 for 700 copies. From the list given we 128 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY learn that there were then 436 members, 377 being from the Western Shore and 59 from the Eastern. This shows a con- siderable falling off from the 600 of 1830. The title of M.D. accompanies the names of 310. The convention of 1854 met also at Rechabite Hall. The 1854 Boards of Examiners failed to report. The Treasurer reported receipts $442.84, expenditures $401.74^^, leaving balance on hand $41.09^. The committee appointed the previous year to collect money to test the validity of the laws conflicting with the charter, reported that they had collected one dollar. The chairman (First Vice-President George C. M. Roberts) called attention to the fact that there were certain rights, fran- chises, etc., belonging to the Faculty which ought to be investi- gated. Drs. Roberts, Cohen and Yeates were appointed a committee to investigate and report on the same. All applicants for membership at this time were required to answer the following questions: i. Have you given any certificate to the efficacy of any medicine which is used or dis- pensed as a secret remedy ? 2. Do you compound or have you originated any secret preparation with a view to its being sold in like marmer as a secret remedy is sold? 3. Do you receive a percentage or any other remuneration from any druggist or druggists on prescriptions ? It would appear from the frequent allusions to ethical subjects that there must have been some irregular practices such as those mentioned among members of the profession, and that an endeavor was made to exclude those guilty of them, or even if possible to pursue them beyond the pale of the Society. The library received as usual a large share of attention. During the year nineteen books had been added and sixteen journals subscribed for. It was now kept in a room at the 129 MEDICAL AND OHIRURGICAL FACULTY Mercantile Library's quarters, cxjrner of St. Paul and Sara- 1854 toga Streets. An unsuccessful effort was made to secure a reduction in the cost of this room, with a view to adding the amount saved to the salary of Mr. Green, the librarian, and thus securing his supervision of the Society's collection. The Library Directors were directed to make the best arrangement possible for the preservation and safekeeping of the library, and the same appropriation was voted as in the previous year. The proceedings of the next year will show, however, that they received only a small part of this sum. The Committees on Obstetrics, Practice, Therapeutics and Memoirs did not respond when called on, but valuable reports were made on Surgery by Dr. Christopher Johnston, and on Chemistry by Dr. Charles Frick. Dr. Prick's work on the blood and urine was at this time attracting much attention, not only at home, but abroad. His contribution to this meeting was an endeavor to show by experiments the influence of different remedies upon the urine. He contented himself with a report of the facts, leaving his audience to draw their own conclu- sions. A special meeting was held June 15, to hear the report of the Roberts Committee on the charter rights of the Faculty. After reviewing the Acts of Assembly of 1807 and 1812, and the opinion of the Court of Appeals of 1838 (all relating to the medical college and university) the report concludes: "That the law passed by the Legislature at its session of 1838, chap. 781 [relative to Thomsonians], is unconstitutional and there- fore void. This act deprives this Faculty of such of its fran- chises as are essential to its vitality and therefore is in opposi- tion to the constitution of the State, and also of the United States. The case of the Regents of the University of Mary- land versus the Trustees, as decided by the Court of Appeals, 130 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY render this conclusion of your committee the more certain because the charter giving Hfe to the University is a part and 1854 PARCEL of that which originated the College of Medicine, WHICH College of Medicine was legally connected with and is a part of this Faculty. 2. That the act originating the Col- lege of Medicine is still in legal existence and may be used by this Faculty. 3. That it is to the interest of this Faculty to institute such an examination into this whole subject as may fully declare and establish its rights and privileges." This report was signed by Drs. Roberts and Cohen, Dr. Yeates declining to sign, on the ground that "no practical good could result from any investigation." The committee made no sug- gestion as to the course to be pursued. The report of the majority was adopted by the convention and the investigation ordered. The committee was authorized to employ counsel if deemed advisable and was directed to report what further action was necessary or advisable. 1855. The proceedings show that the expenses for the year 1855 had be-en $514.02, leaving the Society in debt for a small amount ($2,423^) to the Treasurer. The permanent funds of the Society were invested as follows : City of Baltimore 6 per cent stock of 1870 $1000 1890 100 Five shares Farmers Bank of Maryland, $30 per share. . . 150 Twenty-nine shares Union Bank of Md., $75 per share. . 2175 $3425 A vote of thanks was tendered Dr. Cohen, Treasurer, for his "extraordinary services in securing the stocks and other securities entrusted to his care during the past year." 131 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Owing to the scarcity of funds, the Committee on Chartered 1855 Rights had been unable to secure legal advice. The Library Committee had received but $ioo and had con- sequently been compelled to discontiue all journals and cease the purchase of books. The library was reported to have 1250 volumes, but many journals had been taken away in violation of the rules. The Library Committee had been unable to appro- priate the $50 designed to secure the supervision of the libra- rian of the Mercantile Library. The financial stress was great and the only way it could be met was to withdraw the $150 voted to the use of the Executive Committee, or so much thereof as should be necessary, and give it to the Library Committee to meet the liabilities that had been incurred by it. No appro- priation was made to the library for the ensuing year, and the Library Committee was directed to incur no further expense without the special authority of the Faculty. Such were the straits to which our predecessors were reduced in consequence of the unjust and pernicious Act of the Legislature of 1838. Such were the efforts and the sacrifices they made to retain and hand down to their successors the important work they had undertaken "for the promoting and disseminating medical and surgical knowledge throughout the State." Dr. Jacob S. Baer, of Frederick (on whose motion the semi- annual meeting at Easton in November, 1853, had been held, in order to rouse the profession of the State to stand up for its rights), again came forward as the champion of justice by moving that the committee be instructed to proceed to institute such proceedings to recover the chartered rights of the Faculty as should be deemed necessary and that an assessment should be made for the necessary expenses. This motion was carried on a division vote, showing that there was strong opposition. The election of Dr. Baer a day or two later, however, indicates 132 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY that the part he took in the matter had not estranged from him a majority of the Society. 1855 The Committee on Chartered Rights next day made its report. Whilst the funds had not justified the consulting of counsel, "the subject being one of vital importance to the sta- bility of this corporation in the opinion of your committee, renders it necessary that such an investigation should be made at the earliest practicable moment ; the more so because of the fact that there is to some extent a difference of opinion in reference to the 'practical good' to result from such investi- gation. The sooner the whole subject is examined into and finally settled, the sooner will the members of the convention and the medical profession at large know what is the position they occupy and what value is to be placed upon their charter, a charter accepted and acted upon for so many years with manifest advantage to the profession and the public, and sol- emnly guaranteed to them in perpetuity — 'forever.'" This was signed by Drs. Roberts and Cohen. It was "accepted" and referred to the Committee on Publication. Later the whole matter was indefinitely postponed, when Dr. Roberts asked to be excused from serving longer on the committee. Dr. Roberts ofl^ered to the Society the free use of his hall on Hanover Street, for the accommodation of the library, provided a librarian should be appointed and "the sum now applied for keeping the library be expended in its enlargement." This offer, though formally accepted, was not actually availed of. Attention was called to the persistent neglect of the Com- mittee on Memoirs to report for years. Dr. Donaldson offered the following resolution : "That a committee of five be appointed to memorialize the next Legis- lature for the enactment of a law for the uniform registration of births, deaths and marriages throughout the State." A 133 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY committee was appointed for this purpose and a bill was framed 1855 which passed the lower house by a nearly unanimous vote the following winter. But in the press of business at the close of the session it was neglected. The committee was still "confi- dent" the bill would be passed but it never diid, although the committee continued its agitation of the subject for some time. The Committee on Conversational Meetings reported with regard to the Medical and Surgical Society, founded this year as a result of the resolution of 1853, toi which allusiion was made in the proceedings of that year, that the said Society was in successful operation, meeting monthly with forty active members.* Few, however, of the older physicians had joined it. "The committee still fondly hope that the apathy and indifference to the general standing and wefare of the profession and apparent sole devotion to pecuniarily profitable pursuits is about to yield to the laudable examples of the members of our pro- fession in other large cities." A resolution to publish volunteer papers, as well as reports of standing committees, was adopted, but no such papers appear to have been offered. Interesting reports were presented at this meeting by Dr. Ste.'ner on Chemdstry, by Dr. Miltenberger on Surgery, by Dr. Van Bibber on Obstetrics and by Dr. David Stewart on the Pharmacopoeia. The basis of Dr. Van Bibber's report was the vast obstetrical experience of his father-in-law, Dr. Pierre Chatard, embracing *The Book of Proceedings of this Society is preserved at the hall. The first meeting was held at Rechabite Hall, June 11, 1855, Dr. Mil- tenberger, President. The last meeting was February, 8, 1858. Drs. C. Johnston, John Morris and G. W. Miltenberger delivered annual "orations'' before it. The same book contains the proceedings of the Baltimore Medical Association from June 11, 1866, to May 10, 1869. 134 MEDICAL HALL (Dr. Archer's Residence). MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 4309 cases. This paper may be considered a local classic and will doubtless be referred to in all times to come by writers 1855 upon this subject in Maryland. Dr. Stewart refers to annual reports of his committee since 1850. He alludes to the "absurd" system of weights and measures in use, and the resulting extreme difficulty of converting one into the other, or finding the relation of the standard measure to the weight. He urges that the Faculty "take the lead" in adopting the decimal system and predicts that before another decade that system "will have excluded all others and be as essential to the integrity and scientific position of our Pharmacopoeia as the Latin ver- sion was a few years since." The meeting of 1856 was again held at Rechabite Hall. The i856 financial report for the year showed receipts $356.26, balance on hand $72.72. The resignation of the Treasurer, Dr. Cohen, was offered and accepted, and his "punctual and faithful per- formance of duties for so many years," securing as it had for him "the full confidence of the members," was duly placed on record. At the time of Dr. Cohen's resignation the Faculty possessed the following stock: Union Bank, City 6 per cent, and Farmers Bank of Maryland at Annapolis (see 1855). But few copies of the Transactions of 1855 had been sold in the city and country members had received it gratis. The Committee on the Library (Drs. Steiner and Cox) reported that owing to the want of money they had been unable to purchase any books or to rebind those requiring it. They suggested that the library be disposed of to some society in the city. On motion a committee of five, two from the city and three from the counties, was appointed, to report on the con- dition of the library, and $50 were appropriated for the ex- penses of the latter. 135 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A motion by Dr. Hintze was adopted, "That this Faculty 1856 highly approve of the reorganization of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, and bespeak for its judicious code of ethics the cordial support of the legitimate members of the medical pro- fession." Dr. Cox, chairman of the Board of Examiners, reported that the Board had not been able to secure a quorum and sug- gested that the members of the Board should in future be selected altogether from the place of meeting. Reports were presented by Dr. McKew on Chemistry, by Dr. H. P. C. Wilson on the Treatment of Malarious Fevers, and by Dr. Monmonier on Memoirs. Papers on Medical Topography were offered by Dr. S. K. Handy, on Somerset County, by Dr. Peregrine Wroth on Kent County, and by Dr. C. Humphreys, on Wicomico County. Dr. Steiner delivered the oration. Dr. Crane called attention to the need of a fixed and perma- nent place of meeting and suitable accommodation of the library whereupon a committee was appointed to consider and report upon the subject, which was further considered, but without immediate results, at a special meeting held November 12. 1857 In 1857 the experiment of holding the annual meeting in the counties Vv^as tried for the second time. Frederick City was chosen as the place of meeting and the result "approved the deed." In his opening remarks, the President, Dr. Cox, declared that "no more efficient mode of reviving the drooping energies of the Society could be employed than that of migratory meetings." Dr. William Waters, of Fred- erick, delivered "a very interesting and able oration," and the convention was handsomely entertained by the physicians of Frederick. 136 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The report of the new Treasurer, Dr. Hintze, showed receipts for the year, $370.47; balance on hand, $62.26. Bills 1857 were due for advertising $24, and for amount due Mercantile Library for use of shelves $100. He referred to the meagre receipts from fees of new members for the year. The article admitting annual members was repealed. The Library Committee reported that at the close of the previous annual meeting a careful examination had been made of the collection and that it had been found in such condition that permission had been obtained from the Executive Com- mittee to close it. Many books were missing, those on the shelves were disarranged and everything evinced that the librarian had exercised no care or superintendence over it. It still remained at the Alercantile Library awaiting the purchase of a hall. No additions had been made and the only funds in the hands of the committee were $23 turned over to it by the previous committee. Dr. Roberts moved that the Committee on Conversational Meetings be requested to revive, as far as practicable, the old conversation meetings of the Faculty; this was carried and an additional member from each county added to the com- mittee. Drs. Monmonier and Roberts remonstrated against the long neglect of the Committee on Memoirs. A report of a special committee, of which Dr. Miltenberger was chairman, throws some light upon the working of the Faculty at this time. "A single member of either of the Exam- ining Boards may grant a license to an applicant, which, how- ever, is but temporary and operative only until a meeting of the Board can be convened (Art. V of Constitution). To constitute full membership and entitle permanently to the full privileges of the Faculty, the Constitution positively requires the signa- 137 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tures of five members of the Examining Board for the Western 1857 Shore, or three of the Board for the Eastern Shore, it being further requisite that such certificate shall be countersigned by the President of the Faculty and have the seal of the Faculty affixed theretO' by the Secretary. Your committee finds nothing either in the Constitution or By-Laws conferring any — even the slightest — privileges on the graduates of any school or uni- versity." Dr. Steiner presented a report on Medical Chemistry and Dr. Donaldson one on "The Present State of the Science of Auscultation as Applicable to the Diagnosis of Phthisis Pul- monalis." But the question of a "hall" overshadowed all others at this meeting. In consequence of an advertisement in the daily papers a building had been offered at No. 47 North Calvert Street, owned by a Mr. C. Kidder, "which could be had by transfer to the owner of the stocks in full payment," the value of the property being $3425. The property embraced a lot twenty-five feet front with depth of one hundred feet to a street (Davis). The building covered the entire front and was two stories and attic in height with a corresponding back building, having in all nine rooms and cellars under the whole. There was a ground rent of $150 per annum redeemable at pleasure. This property and site proving satisfactory to the convention, resolutions were offered and adopted authorizing its purchase and the transfer of the stocks owned by the Society already mentioned. A committee was appointed, called the Committee on Hall, to be elected annually, to have charge of the building, to rent out such portions as were not used by the Faculty, to collect rents, etc. 138 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY At the convention of 1858, held June 2, the former faithful Treasurer, now President, Dr. Cohen, "congratulated the mem- 1858 bers upon their assembling for the first time since their organ- ization in i/pp in their own hall, and under circumstances so favorable to the future prosperity of the Faculty." He directed particular attention to the report of the Library Committee as truly worthy of their earnest consideration. He trusted that the recommendations of that and the Hall Committee would receive a hearty response from the members. Although with- drawn from the active duties of the profession, as they were aware, he begged to assure the Faculty that he felt the deepest interest in the honor and dignity of the profession with which he had been connected now more than a third of a century, and he promised all the means in his power to further the important schemes now proposed and which he believed if successfully carried out, as he had no doubt could be, would redound to the best advantage of their body and constitute a new era in the profession throughout the State. The finances of the Faculty claimed the first consideration of the convention, and notwithstanding evidences of liberality they were in such a condition as to create anxiety for the future. The receipts for the year had been only $380, and this included previous balance and $113 dividends for the past year on the stock transferred in the purchase of the hall, which by agree- ment with the purchaser had been received; it also embraced $105 already received for rent of the hall, and $20 from the estate of Dr. W. R. Handy, a subscription to the "hall fund." The balance on hand was $121.30. It will be thus seen how small an amount must have been received from new members. Up to this time the $10 paid on entrance secured permanent m.embership and there were 139 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY no annual dues. In consequence of the nearly exhausted con- 1858 dition of the treasury consequent on the purchase of the hall, only a sketch of the proceedings of the Frederick meeting had been published and it had been found necessary to omit the oration of Dr. Waters and the reports of Dr. Donaldson and others. The expense of the publication had been $30. The Committee on Hall, under the indefatigable Monmonier, had fully realized the seriousness of the loss of income sustained by the surrender of the stocks and had determined to solicit members for voluntary contributions for necessary alterations and furniture. So successful had they been that they were encouraged to attempt to raise a fund for the purchase of the ground rent. In this they had met with partial success, but felt that they would be completely successful when all the mem- bers had been called on, since there had been very few unfavora- ble responses. So far, collections had been confined to city mem- bers only. These had subscribed about $1200, of which $295 had been actually collected; $223 of this amount had already been expended for necessary alterations and furniture. The second story of the back building had been fitted up with cases for the library and the same story of the front building had been arranged for a meeting room. The two rooms on the first floor had been rented to lodges for $160 per annum. The ball had been rented to the Medical and Surgical Society for its monthly meetings at $50 and to the Maryland College of Pharmacy for monthly meetings and winter session (com- mencing the ensuing September) at $125 per annum. The $100 hitherto paid the Mercantile Library would now remain in the treasury. About one-half of the $2500 needed to redeem the ground rent had been collected. A suitable person had been placed in charge of the premises who had agreed to keep the property clean and in good order for the use of some vacant 140 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY rooms. The report, which is signed by Drs. Monmonier and Roberts, concludes with the following fine sentiments : 1858 "In engaging in this enterprise, your committee conceive that an important step has now been taken in the right direction towards encouraging friendly intercourse, promoting a spirit of harmony and good will among the members, and elevating and advancing a science which has so many devoted laborers in its various branches. One step further will carry it to a complete success. And there has scarcely been a time when a greater necessity existed for union and harmony in a profession surrounded by so^ many responsibilities ; where so much self- devotion, fidelity and zeal, are required ; where so many priva- tions and dangers are constantly encountered to dishearten, whilst there are so few objects offered as incentives to stimulate and encourage to exertion. We should therefore neglect nothing to signalize our benevolent mission. Indeed, we know nothing more worthy of ambition and more ennobling in char- acter than being engaged in efforts to unite and strengthen the bonds of brotherhood lin a profession which stands as a monu- ment of the charity and self-denial of so many honored names." The Library Committee (through Dr. Miltenberger, chair- man,) reported that the books had been removed from the Mercantile Library to the "neat and convenient shelves in the commodious and comfortable room" assigned for their accom- modation, where, through the generous assistance of Drs. Mc- Kew, Oilman and Morgan, the collection had been opened for the use of members each Wednesday from 4 to 6. Some of the missing volumes had been recovered and some valuable contributions had been received. As no appropriation had been made, the committee had been unable to purchase any new volumes or subscribe for any journals. The committee sug- gested that "the most feasible plan to draw the profession into 141 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the Society appears to be a return to our old faith and habits 1858 and a firm resolve to render the library sufficiently valuable to offer attractions to all our brother practitioners. The nucleus we now possess is of exceeding value. We could not desire a better basis of standard and rare works around which to clus- ter the more modern offsprings of the profession. It would require but a comparatively small stipend, wisely and carefully expended, to render it attractive to all." * * * "Jn our State," continued the report, "neither diploma, certificate from this or any other society, nor any honorable distinction is re- quired to enable a man to practice medicine." Resolutions to open a subscription list, and to appropriate the membership fees for the ensuing year to the increase of the library were adopted, but, as will appear, the whole amount received in these ways during the next year was but $20 ! On motion of Dr. Monmonier, a committee was appointed to investigate a charge against Dr. E. Landis of having a patient to institute a suit for malpractice against a professional brother. The Committee on Conversational Meetings reported a few "social reunions" held the previous winter at the houses of members. They expressed their discouragement at the apathy shown in a matter "so highly calculated to improve social feel- ing and promote the end of the organization of the Faculty," and suggested that twelve monthly meetings be arranged for the next year, "with volunteer meetings in between when any- one is disposed to invite the profession to his house." Reports from the standing committees were presented by Dr. Edward H. White on Practice, and Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar on Surgery. A learned and scholarly oration was delivered at the hall on the second evening of the meeting by Prof. Samuel Chew, 142 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY which was subsequently pubHshed. "This plain and humble hall," he says, "in which we are now gathered together, will 1858 probably be the usual, or perhaps the constant, place of all our future meetings. * * * Happy for us if its name be henceforth associated in our minds with recollections of the knowledge, the good sense, the urbanity of deportment, and the friendly and cordial feelings which should subsist among the members of a scientific, liberal and honorable profession." Dr. Chew evi- dently did not anticipate the collapse that was impending, and of which a forecast was given at the close of this meeting — so auspiciously begun — in the reported failure to secure a quorum. Such was the case at 2 p. m. on Saturday, June 5. An ad- journment was then taken to Monday, the 7th at 12 m., and there being again no quorum, the meeting was deferred till evening. And so this annual meeting ended without being able to secure a legal quorum. On June i, 1859, six members were present at the appointed hour (including President and Secretary) to open the meeting. The number being insufficient, an appointment was made the next day, when the officers (by personal effort) were suc- cessful in getting together nineteen. There had not been a single application to either board, and not a single fee conse- quently received for membership since the last annual meet- ing. The receipts, therefore, with the exception of a small fund of $22 subscribed by individuals to the library, had been limited to the rents from the building. Although there was a balance of $90.11 in the treasury, more than that amount would shortly be due by the Faculty. Under these circumstances the Treasurer, Dr. Hintze, declined a renomination to office. The Library Board reported that, notwithstanding the library had been kept open regularly one or two evenings each week, 10 143 1859 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and efforts had been made to render it attractive, there had 1859 been few visitors. Twenty-two subscribers had been obtained to a special fund, but only one-half the number had paid ; with this small amount, several books had been purchased and two journals subscribed for. Dr. Steiner had contributed free a copy of the American Medical Monthly, of which he was one of the editors. The Committee on Hall reported through Dr. Monmonier, that owing to the great revulsion in financial affairs, they had desisted from efforts to raise money until better times. A circular sent to members in the counties had brought but a small amount, whilst very few subscriptions had been added in the city and but little addition made to the former ones. They added that business seemed to be recovering from the depression. A committee, appointed to examine charges made against Dr. E. Landis, reported that he had been "guilty of a grave offense against medical ethics and one highly derogatory to the honor and dignity of the profession." The offense in this case seems to have been inducing a patient to institute a suit against a professional brother. Dr. H. Inloes, for malpractice. After a full discussion of the report, continued into the next day, and the failure of motions to expel and to postpone indef- initely, the letters of both parties were placed on record, and "that was considered sufficient action for the present." Dr. Samuel Harper, of Easton, was dropped as censor, on account of alleged union with the homceopathists. Dr. Roberts offered two motions which were both adopted, (i) to petition the next Legislature to alter the quorum; (2) to appoint a committee to report the causes and manner of expulsion of members. The following Executive Committee was elected: Drs. Monmonier, C. Johnston, Miltenberger, A. Robinson, and 144 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY H. P. C. Wilson. These names are given because upon this committee, as will be soon seen, devolved the entire burden of 1859 conducting the affairs of the Association for some years. The only report from the sections was one upon Obstetrics by Dr. W. M. Kemp. At Friday's session this report was appointed to be read at 12 m. the following day. At this hour Dr. Kemp began the reading of his paper and as he had not concluded at 3 p. m., further reading was postponed until the following Monday. The entry upon the published minutes is "Monday, June 6, no quorum ; Tuesday, June 7, no quorum." 1860-69. Thus it ended. And now when the Society had at- tained the supreme object of its wishes and aspirations in the 1860-69 possession of a building of its own, and when expectations of activity and usefulness for a long period were most justifiable, it fell into a long sleep. For years, although every effort was made, no meeting was held, and no Transactions published. During this period of hibernation, the Executive Committee assumed its functions, elected officers annually, reelected itself and took care of the property and other interests of the cor- poration. To it belongs the credit of preserving the Society and making our grand centennial a possibility, for men's minds were soon divided by discord and civil war and there can be little doubt that if it had failed to keep up the organization, no one would have thought it worth while to make the attempt to revive a body shorn as this had been of its chief prerogative and means of income. The following resolution, adopted April 16, 1873, on motion of Dr. John F. Powell, recognizes these services : "Resolved, That we are profoundly conscious of our obliga- tions to the older members of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, who, by their fidelity, zeal and self-sac- 145 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY rifice, maintamed the vitality of the Association amid discour- 1860-69 agements which would have daunted a less heroic and faithful band." The following additional particulars regarding this period have been gathered: In i860 the newspapers contain an adver- tisement of the annual convention, appointed for June 19, and of adjourned meetings on the twenty-first and twenty-second; also of a special session called for November 22. In lieu of the Faculty, the Executive Committee held an annual meeting June 20, when a balance of $177.32 was reported, the only receipts being from rent of hall, $350.25. The Frick memorial meeting on March 26 of the same year was also held under the auspices of the Faculty, in whose name the advertisement appears in the papers. The Executive Committee held an annual meeting June 5, 1861, when there was a balance on hand of $38.17; the only receipts had been from rent of hall, $102.50. The annual meetings of 1862 and 1863 are advertised in the papers by Dr. Henry M. Wilson, Secretary. In 1863 there is this record: "July 14, 1863, bought for account of Dr. Mon- monier. Treasurer, $400 City Baltimore six per cents of 1890, at 106^, $427," and there is a bill for Resolutions of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty published in the Sun, December 31, 1863. The Treasurer, Dr. Oilman, makes an annual report June 20, i860, in which he says : "By untiring perseverance, the chairman of the Hall Committee has thus far kept the treasury replenished, and with great economy in expenditure has enabled us to close the year with a balance of $177.32, $87.31 more than the previous year's balance, and this without having received a dollar during the entire year as fees for membership or from any other source than the rental of the hall." The total receipts were $430; amount received from hall, $350.25. Likewise, June 5, 1861, Dr. Oilman makes off 146 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY his report for the year from which it appears that the receipts had been $102.50, all being income from the hall; expendi- 1860-69 tures (including printing and advertising, $32.62) $241.65, leaving a balance on hand of $38.17. I have it upon the author- ity of an old member who held office during this period that the following were among those who showed most interest in the welfare of the Faculty at this time : Drs. Roberts, Monmonier, R. S. Steuart, Chew, Kinnemon, Oilman, H. M. Wilson, Don- aldson, Van Bibber and Kemp. From 1859 to 1866, there was no local society in this city. On the twenty-sixth of February, 1866, a number of ex-sur- geons and assistant surgeons of United States Volunteers, residing in Baltimore, met at the office of the Commissioner of Health, and formed the Baltimore Medical Association, with the Commissioner, Dr. Gerard E. Morgan, as President. With- in two months seventy-four members had been enrolled. This society enjoyed a successful career for many years, when it was merged with the Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society. It is not surprising, in view of the absence of any authority, to regulate the practice of medicine and the apathy of the Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, that at this time (1867), when everything was undergoing a revival and rejuvenation, as a result of the close of the civil war, the idea of a change should have suggested itself. This actually occurred, and it took the form not of an upbuilding of the old Society, but of founding an entirely new one, upon the same lines as those which had been observed in 1799. A number of physicians took part in this movement and secured from the Legislature an Act found- ing a society in the State, with full power of control of medical practice. Organization was effected and meetings were held. The manuscript minutes of "The Medical Faculty of the Dis- trict of Baltimore" are preserved in our library. The first 147 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY meeting of this, which seems to have been a branch of the 1860-69 general or State Society, was held on the seventh of June, 1867. Dr. P. C. Williams, who had been particularly active in securing the passage of the Act, was elected President, and Dr. Judson Oilman, Recording Secretary. There were 217 members. I do not know whether there were other branches or whether there was any actual State organization. When it was discovered that the Act was without an enacting clause and hence invalid, there was an immediate collapse. Thus, by the mere accident of the omission of a few words, our Society was again perhaps saved from destruction. Another society, founded in 1867, was the Pathological (the second of the name), which continued with great success about five years. About this time the Executive Committee of the Faculty conceived the idea of disposing of the Calvert Street building and moving elsewhere. There were doubtless good reasons for this decision. Owing to the conformation of the ground in that section of the city, Calvert Street had become a great thoroughfare, all the traffic carried on between parts north and south of Saratoga Street, or rather Fayette Street, being done over it. Hence it was impossible to secure there the quiet and composure necessary for reading, and the conducting of medical societies and courses of instruction. And so arose the desire, it may be the necessity, to seek some new and retired site, where the sources of annoyance and distraction would be reduced to a minimum. In theory, this decision was good but in execution dangerous, because the value of property depends so largely upon its accessibility and adaptability to purposes of trade. The creation by the Legislature of a new society in 1867, with powers similar in scope to those granted to the Faculty in 1799, may have stirred the latter at this time to do 148 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY something, or perhaps the failure of the new movement may have furnished the stimulus. 1860-69 Accordingly the Calvert Street house was disposed of in 1867,* and on the twenty-eighth of September, 1869, a "Pur- chasing Committee/' consisting of Drs. Henry M. Wilson, P. S. Kinnemon, John F. Monmonier and John J. Cockrill, bought with the proceeds of the sale the property No. 60 Courtland Street, 23x63 feet, from Julia Baldwin. The price paid was $5700, $2000 of this being cash and the balance mortgage. This mortgage was paid off prior to February 28, 1872, as announced by the chairman of the Executive Committee on that date. There was an annual ground rent on the property of $138. The exercises connected with the occupation of the Court- land Street building were held on the twenty-seventh, twenty- eighth and twenty-ninth of October, 1869, the Baltimore Med- ical Association participating. The action of the Purchasing Committee was reported and ratified. The Society now quickened into new life, the members began tto show renewed interest in its affairs and there were many accessions to the roll. During the ensuing winter special meet- ings were held twice a month, at which several very instructive and interesting addresses were given. The sections were regarded at this time as the most important feature of the organization. Each section, consisting of five members as a nucleus, was expected to meet once a month to hear papers and discuss the subjects appropriate to its department. 1870. On the twentieth of January Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar 1870 became President in succession to Dr. Roberts, deceased, who * "November 4, 1867. Bill for commission on sale of building, 47 North Calvert Street, Supplee & Co., $162.50." 149 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY had held the office since the last formal meeting in 1859. Two 1870 meetings of the Faculty were held this year. The annual meet- ing was convened at the hall on Courtland Street, on the twen- tieth and twenty-first of April, and Prof. Nathan R. Smith was elected President. The semi-annual meeting was held at Cumberland on the thirteenth and fourteenth of September. The first day was devoted to the discussion of papers, the sec- ond to an excursion to the coal mines. A special car was pro- vided and a most delightful morning was spent in viewing the beautiful scenery and the operations of the mines. At Lona- coning a bountiful dinner was provided. The meeting, how- ever, was but meagrely attended and chiefly by Baltimore and Cumberland physicians. Notwithstanding this, the visitors had a charming excursion. At this time the author of this book was librarian for a year, 1870-71, and made off a manuscript catalogue, according to which there were then 1585 volumes, bound and unbound, in the collection. Lectures were delivered before the Society at the hall in January, February and March, by Drs. Garretson, P. C. Wil- liams and Latimer, respectively. 1871. The annual meeting was held on the fourth of April. 1871 The chairman of the Executive Committee, Dr. Monmonier, referred to the embarrassed state of the treasury. The Treas- urer's report was referred to a special committee. The sections were working imperfectly, and a resolution was adopted pro- viding that each chairman should report on the progress in his department at both annual and semi-annual meetings. The Constitution was amended so as to allow Professor Smith to be reelected, which was then done. A supper was given by 150 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the city members in the hall and a very enjoyable evening w^as spent. The papers read at the meeting were of such inter- 1871 est that they were published in the Baltimore Medical and Sur- gical Bulletin. The annual oration was delivered by Dr. Mon- monier. The meeting was not attended, however, so well as had been hoped for. The condition of the treasury gave rise to much embarrassment and anxiety. The committee to exam- ine into the Treasurer's accounts reported, through Dr. Mon- monier, that the same were in so confused a condition that it was difficult to report the exact state of the finances. "It appeared, however, that enough funds would be available to meet ex- penses, if the Faculty would authorize the Executive Commit- tee to sell some city stock in which part of the funds had been temporarily invested." No action was taken upon this report. A semi-annual meeting was held in the hall of the House of Delegates at Annapolis November i, 1871. Dr. J. R. Page was the orator in 1872, delivering an address on "Epidemic Diseases." At the annual meeting, the propriety of establishing a medical journal was discussed and met with great favor ; it was referred to the Executive Committee, where it seems to have rested. Suit was brought against the Treas- urer, Dr. Kinnemon, for balance due the Society by him, amounting to $207. It was decided in favor of the Society and the money received after levying upon the Doctor's prop- erty. During the ensuing winter bimonthly lectures were insti- tuted and continued for about two seasons. Among those who delivered these lectures were Prof. N. R. Smith, Dr. Joseph Parrish and Dr. O. J. Coskery. The Society was unable to publish its proceedings this year as was desired, or to add any books to the library owing to deficiency of funds. 151 1872 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The meeting' of 1873 was held at the hall on April 15. 1873 The Treasurer, Dr. Oilman, presented his report, which gave great satisfaction. The receipts for the year had been $380.26, including rent of Baltimore Medical Association, $125, do. of Pathological Society, $100, and dues of members, $52. The expenses were ground rent, $138, gas for twelve months $26.25, and incidentals, $46.10, leaving a balance in the treas- ury of $169.91. No new members had been added and there had been no additions to the library. The amount in the hands of the Library Board was $60.21. The convention considered the probable expense of printing 250 copies of the Transactions of the year, and a motion was passed directing the resumption of publication and appropriating $100 for that purpose, "such tax to be levied on the members as should be necessary to make up any deficiency." Since this resumption the Transactions have been published each year up to the present time, although not of late years with the same fullness as formerly. The congratulations of the convention were extended to the late President, Prof. N. R. Smith, on his safe return home from Europe and a committee of five was appointed to convey the same to him. Professor Smith's reply was as follows : "To Drs. Thos. R. Brown, Samuel P. Smith, H. M. Wilson^ P. C. Williams, A. Hartman and John Morris. "Gentlemen — It is with the greatest pleasure I accept the congratulations of the distinguished body that you represent, and through none could they come more acceptably than through you. I have had the distinguished honor to preside over your Society, and many of them do me honor as my pupils. If the character and usefulness of the medical profession in Maryland is at all the result of my precepts and example, then 152 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY is my position in relation to them enviable in the highest degree. Please assure the Society of my profound respect, and of the 1873 deep interest which I shall ever feel in their welfare, usefulness and individual prosperity. Very truly yours, "N. R. Smith, M.D." Dr. Thomas S. Latimer delivered the annual oration, taking for his subject "Anaesthetics in Midwifery." The prosperity of the Faculty was now certainly on the increase, yet it began to be apparent that a grievous mistake of judgment had been made in the selection of a location, for on motion of Dr. John Morris, "a committee was appointed to consider the propriety of selling or exchanging the property of the Faculty and pro- curing other property more centrally located." The situation on the side of a steep hill near Franklin Street rendered the site inaccessible and during the winter months often dangerous, and the attendance at the library and meetings of the local societies which had joined the Faculty in occupation, began early to fall off. A general financial depression soon lowered the value of real estate, so that it was impossible to sell except at great sacrifice, and a sale was only effected after long delay, at public auction, for the insignificant sum of $550. A semi-annual meeting was held on the fifteenth of October, at which a new Constitution was adopted. The convention of 1874 was the last held in the Court- land Street house. The Treasurer's report showed receipts amounting to $936.47 and expenditures $712.08, leaving a bal- ance on hand of $224.39. O^ ^^^ receipts $260 were from rent of hall to local societies, and $360.26 balance from the previous year. 153 1874 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The Library Committee seems to have been exceedingly 1874 derehct in its duties. Although it had a balance in hand of $60.21, it added no volumes to the library; indeed it held no meetings. This was strange as it had been requested by the Executive Committee to invest these funds in the pur- chase of suitable works. As soon as its apathy was made known, the Executive Committee directed that it should turn over the funds it held to the treasury, which was done. Nevertheless thirty-six volumes were received by donation for the library. The Board of Examiners for the Western Shore reported that eighteen members had applied for membership and been admitted during the year, all being from Baltimore. Dr. L. H. Steiner delivered the annual oration on "The Character of the Model Physician." The following resolution, offered by Dr. Regester, was adopted : "Resolved, That this Faculty endorse the ordinance offered by Dr. Chancellor, now before the City Council of Baltimore, for the registration of births and deaths, and request the pas- sage of said ordinance." Prof. Christopher Johnston exhibited a new splint for fractures of the lower extremity, invented by Dr. T. W. Sim- mons, of Hagerstown, and called the "suspenso-extensory splint." This apparatus was said to combine the advantages df N. R. Smith's and the Gurdon-Buck system. Professor Miles contributed a paper on the (then) recent investigations upon the functions of the brain, of Jackson, Ferrier, Fritsch and Hitzig and Nothnagle, showing that the convolutions are not for ideas, as had previously been thought, but for movement, and indicating the site of the various centres of motion in the cerebral cortex. Dr. Chancellor read a paper on "Reform in 154 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Medical Education," in which he urged that the examination of candidates for graduation in medicine should be taken from 1874 the medical teachers and vested in an independent Board of Medical Examiners appointed by the State societies, who should have no connection with the business of teaching. A number of other reports and papers was also read. A special committee. Dr. Morris, chairman, appointed to consider the feasibility of disposing of the Courtland Street property, and securing a more convenient location, reported in favor of sale or rent and the renting of a suitable hall in a more central position, in which all the medical societies of the city could hold their meetings. Thereupon a motion was adopted instructing the Executive Committee to inquire as to the best terms on which the property could be disposed of, and to report the same at a special meeting. In accordance with this action, the Executive Committee placed the building in the hands of several real estate brokers, for sale at $6500, with a ground rent of $138, or for rent at a minimum of $400 per annum. Within a week, no offer for sale being made, the building was rented at the latter figure, and a month later a hall on the second floor, West Fayette Street, north side, a few doors west of Park Avenue, was rented at $130 per annum. Thither the shelving and books were removed, and the semi-annual meeting of the following fall was held there. At the annual meeting of 1875 the increase of the annual dues and fees of members showed the increase of prosperity over former years. The amount from these sources alone was $471.60. The total receipts were $1204.74; expenses $995.77, leaving a balance in the treasury of $208.97. There 155 1875 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY had been added to the membership thirty-seven names, all 1875 from the Western Shore, and all except four from Baltimore. A long report was presented by the Library Board, Dr. Charles H. Jones, chairman. At the semi-annual meeting the Faculty had asked the Board to suggest a plan for the resusci- tation of the library, "so that members might have access to new books and recent journals." The committee accordingly suggested that a more suitable room should be secured and properly furnished; that a library fund should be instituted for the voluntary contributions of members ; that a monthly medical journal should be established by which medical jour- nals and books could be received free of cost, and that the services of a youth should be secured as librarian. These sug- gestions were referred to a joint committee, consisting of the Executive Committee and Library Board, whose report will be referred to later. The condition of the library according to this report was very bad indeed. The books were ancient and mostly unsuited for physicians, not a single one of whom had visited the room where the 1400 volumes had lain undis- turbed during the year; the room itself was utterly unfit for the purpose, being inconvenient, uncomfortable, inaccessible, small and badly ventilated. In fine, in its present condition the collection was of no practical use or benefit. These expres- sions seem to have been great exaggerations and the number of volumes must have been underestimated, as, as far back as 1855, there were 1250 and at the very next annual meeting the Treasurer reported "nearly 2000 volumes." The Cur- ator, too, reported the "library well preserved and available." There was "a Special Committee on Medical Education," whose report was not on hand when called for. A number of reports and papers was presented, one of the most elaborate being Dr. William T. Howard's on Obstetrics 156 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Gynaecology. In this, Dr. Howard described a new bi- valvular vaginal speculum of his own invention. 1875 In the report on Surgery, Dr. Thomas R. Brown says of Listerism: ^The system is still in its infancy in this country and nowhere does it seem to be regarded with favor, and as possessing practical utility." Dr. Samuel Theobald read a paper on "Tinnitus Aurium," which he maintained to be due to an excitation of the terminal or percipient elements of the auditory nerve. The oration was pronounced by Dr. Joseph M. Toner, of Washington, D. C, whose subject was, "A Contribution to the Medical History and Physical Geography of Maryland." In connection with this meeting, the election of Dr. John F. Monmonier, the faithful chairman of the Executive Committee for so many years, to the presidential chair, seems to have been peculiarly appropriate, as a recognition of his invaluable ser- vices in the most im^portant position in the Faculty. 1876. The Treasurer's report showed receipts $1060.87, ^^^ disbursements $981.64. The assets were estimated at $10,- 986.73, the Courtland Street house being valued at $5700, and the library and fixtures at $5000. These estimates were evi- dently too liberal. "The library is still stored in a small room and is useless to the Faculty." There had been no donations to it during the year. Considerable attention was given to the report of the joint committee, to whom had been referred the report made by the Library Board at the previous annual meeting. Quoting the statement of the latter, "the library 'as it now exists is of no practical utility or benefit and not a single physician has within the past year availed himself of the privilege of membership and the 1400 volumes have been quietly let alone," the joint 157 1876 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY committee says : "With equal truth could similar language be 1876 used by the same board for this year, and it seems fitting that your committee should first of all discover the cause of this unprofitable condition of affairs. This has been easily done. A moment's examination of the very complete catalogue of our library demonstrates the fact of the unsuitable character of the books, for while to the medical historian and bibliograph- er a rich field is afforded, the wants of the profession of to-day are most inadequately supplied. Practically, the medical stu- dent with his text-books, the physician whose shelves hold a half-dozen volumes of current medical literature, could derive no benefit from the privileges of the library of this Faculty." Nevertheless ''the library contains much that is valuable," and an advantageous offer for the purchase of over one hundred of the books had been made by Dr. Billings, on behalf of the Surgeon- General's Department of the United States Army. The joint committee recommends the disposal by sale of the library "as at present constituted," and the formation of a library consisting of medical journals, hospital reports, and society transactions. "The necessity of such a library is self-evident." With regard to a medical journal, the committee "did not approve the plan through which the journal would become the property of the Faculty; for, apart from other considerations, it could hardly be expected that any members would be willing to assume its editorial management subject to the censorship of the Faculty or to the risks of removal at the annual meetings." For the extra expense entailed by this proposal, an increased annual tax upon the members from $2 (then paid by about 125 mem- bers) to $6, was recommended. It was thought that an in- crease of membership would follow the adoption of the pro- posed plan and also that contributions would be made by the more wealthy members. 158 ■ "^ "< c "l^^^^^^ ,1 •^ - '^ .'^'^ . ■ *^ r* ^ V ^ >, 5 --^^ V ^ IJ ^ . A 1 rH ^~ ' *x •* ^"^ < ' : V- V -^ ■^'' *■ ^ ''~^- 4 X, ■ \ ■-- ^ -^ ■.' r ';; ^ N ? ■J >, 5 ■P^J i •i '^ '' '' ■■^ i. •*«« '^. ■" • ", ^ ,V* ^ ^ :•- ^ \^ -■ -• ^ ^ " ^ "^t A ^^ ">i - 's \; '*■ *-% > ^ ; i*j ^ 1 14 ■; '■" 4. p^- \-v^^ , -- ^ "f -5 i" "^ i "V ■■ '4 § ~ ^ 1 -: 1 '^^^ . 4_ ^ , ''- JS T' ■^ i ^5 N> -> ; ^ ": _ ■ V " v '>^ . ' , - ^ : ^ . r 1 .;^ ■ '■; T; ■■■ ^ * •«— • ■ - ^ "0 - '^ ■'■ ^. \ '-^; ^ ^ ^.'' ^lll ►, - ,1 ' -c ;4 / ■>, < ^ X-v ^ ^ '-r f '^ •'- ' ^. ^ t, ' :L^ : ^- *-Jt n :rM ^ ^v^. ■-3J > cV I > .- ^ ? ^^ S ^ i ■:- • 4 ^'" it ■r ^ •^' .-^ ■I ^: J^ MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY In accordance with the suggestions of the joint committee the Executive Committee was directed to lease one or more 1876 rooms, the same to be under control of the Library Committee ; $450 were appropriated to the Library Board and a special assessment of $4 was made upon each member of the Faculty. And notice was given by Dr. Williams, of the joint committee, of a proposed amendment to the Constitution, making the dues of city members $6 and of country members $3. At this meeting a new fee table was adopted, and eleven new members were added, all being from Baltimore. Prof. Roberts Bartholow, of the Medical College of Ohio, delivered the annual oration on "The Degree of Certainty in Therapeutics." Professor Bartholow was a profound believer in the efficacy of drugs. With him ignorance was the parent of doubt and the antidote to skepticism was knowledge. With Cabanis he held that "he who despises his art can never become a great artist. Good practitioners are always found to be men enter- taining the greatest confidence in the powers of medicines." The remarkable success of great physicians is due chiefly to skill in the application of remedial measures. Nay, more; unbelief he held to be a crime in those who pretend to be physicians. To deal out drugs without confidence in their utility is to practice a fraud on our patients, is an offense against humanity and a continual degradation of our moral sense. In the report on Surgery by Professor Johnston, a case of transfusion and a transfusion apparatus devised by Dr. Don- aldson are noticed ; also "the anterior extension splint," a modi- fication of Smith's anterior splint, invented by Dr. G. E. Porter, of Lonaconing, Md. A few pages further on, in the same report, Dr. Coskery's modification of Smith's splint is de- scribed and illustrated. In the report on Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. Erich describes his "Figure-of -Eight Pes- " 159 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sary." Dr. Donaldson contributes a paper on "Thirty-seven 1876 Operations of Thoracocentesis by Pneumatic Aspiration." We learn from the report of the Executive Committee, that owing to the constant and regular sessions of the several city medical societies, it had omitted the usual course of lec- tures the previous winter. 1877. The Treasurer reported that the property on Court- IS"^"^ land Street had been assessed under the new tax law for $10,854.12 ( !), viz: $8000 on house and $2854.12 on ground. Considering this amount too high, appeal had been made to the Board of Control Review for relief. Whatever the abate- ment, the house being very much out of repair would be an expense rather than a source of revenue to the Faculty and ihe therefore urged that it should be disposed of even though at a sacrifice. It had been rented during the year "for the mere nominal sum of $25 per month." The receipts had been $1450.60; the disbursements $1414.39. Thanks to the resolutions adopted at the last annual meeting, the library had been formally opened on the evening of the twenty-second of August, 1876, two adjoining rooms in the second story of the building at the northwest corner of Park and Fayette Streets having been rented for its use at an expense of $30 per month, including light, fuel and attendance. There was a large attendance on the occasion, showing a general interest in the success of the enterprise. To furnish suitable accommodations for the societies which should occupy them, and for those who might visit the library, two dozen armchairs had been purchased at an expense of $42. "To the very valua- ble medical literature which has long been in the possession of the Faculty there have been added by the Library Board many foreign and domestic journals, hospital reports and society 160 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY transactions." Dr. J. Shelton Hill had been appointed libra- rian and attended daily from 3 to 6 o'clock, when members had 1877 the privilege of removing books. The rooms were open to members from 11 a. m. to 11 p. m. Of the $450 appropriated to the Library Board, $326.54 had been expended. There were 1863 bound and 512 unbound volumes on the shelves. "A large number of these books are scarce and valuable, rendered so in part by their antiquity. By far the larger number of these volumes were individual contributions, many of them bearing the autographs of distinguished men in our profession whose memory we should never cease to revere." Thanks, Mr. Chair- man, for your returning appreciation of these treasures! The collection had been enriched during the year by valuable dona- tions, including 871 volumes added within the previous seven months. Dr. John R. Quinan alone had given one hundred volumes and Dr. Caldwell had presented sixty-two portraits of eminent physicians. Twenty-four journals, foreign and domestic, had been subscribed for, the latter "constituting a new feature of the library." This statement was incorrect as these annals will show. A catalogue was in preparation. The patronage had been moderately good. The sale of books previously suggested had not been effected, nor had the authori- ties of the Surgeon-General's Library been allowed to help themselves to what they wanted on its shelves. "There is now no practical obstacle," says the Executive Committee, "to the members of the profession of every taste enjoying all the advan- tages of a suitable library." The two societies (the Baltimore Medical Association and the Clinical Society) had again followed the Faculty, and contributed by their rent to meeting the increased expenses devolving upon the latter by the changes above mentioned. 161 MEiDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The Board of Examiners reported the names of thirty-three 1877 candidates for membership who were duly elected. The annual oration on "Some Extremes in Therapeutics" was delivered in the Concert Hall of the Academy of Music, which had been engaged for the meeting, by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia. After a most able address. Dr. Mitchell congratulated his hearers on the opportunities at their disposal through the noble laboratories provided by the wise generosity of the Johns Hopkins Trustees. He concludes with this fine tribute : "I assure you that as I walked through these laboratories and saw with what splendid hospitality and to what opportunities you invite the young and eager investigator, I had but two regrets — ^that I am not twenty-one and that I was not born in Baltimore." The presidential address of Professor Johnston was of more than usual interest and dealt with, first, the question of the sacredness of confidential communications before the courts ; second, the position of the medical expert when subpoenaed to appear in court and testify ; third, the necessity for a medical register for the city and State; fourth, the establishment of a section of medical microscopy. These suggestions were refer- red to a special committee to report on. We learn from the report of the Section on Surgery that anti- septic surgery was not yet accepted in Baltimore and that our surgeons were still skeptical of its results, although it had met with "unqualified approval and general acceptance" elsewhere. Professor Tififany described and gave an illustration of a dilator for rectal stricture invented by him. Several valuable reports and papers followed, among which may without invidiousness be named one with the title "The Use of Large Probes in the Treatment of Strictures of the Nasal Duct," by Dr. S. Theobald, as particularly striking. 162 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1878. The report of the Treasurer (this may be supposed always to come first in importance) shows how closely to its 1878 income the Faculty was living at this time, the receipts for the year being $1418.39, and expenditures $1417.48, leaving a balance on hand of but 91 cents. The Courtland Street house was becoming a burden, the ground, taxes and repairs amount- ing to $339. All efforts to sell it, even with the help of five property agents, had failed completely, not a bid being made for it. It was represented as being in wretched condition, so that if not soon sold it would require an expenditure of at least $500 to render it habitable. Something must soon be done. The landlady had demanded an increased rent for the hall, which now cost $400 per annum. The Academy of Medicine had become a tenant of the hall the previous year, and the Rush Medical Club had also occupied it during the session of the University. For the first time in many years applications for membership had been received and passed upon by the Eastern Shore Board. Altogether, twenty-four new active members were added at this meeting. Mention of honorary members is made at this time, the honor being conferred upon Dr. Joseph M. Toner, Prof. Roberts Bartholow and Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, recent orators. The Curator reports that "the preparations left to the Faculty by Dr. Roberts are well cared for and in good condition." The Special Committee on Suggestions made in Dr. Johnston's presidential address the year before, reported that a bill had been prepared forbidding the disclosure of information obtained by physicians from patients during professional intercourse, which bill had passed the Senate, but failed in the House. A Medical Register had been published in accordance with the suggestion as a private enterprise the previous February. 163 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The condition of the hbrary was very encoura,£^ing. Forty- 1878 one journals were now spread on the tables, "offering a privi- leg-e not equaled in the annals of this time-honored Associa- tion." The catalogue was completed and in MS. ready for printing when the funds permitted. It was an "author's cata- logue" only. One hundred and twenty-three volumes had been donated, making the total number 3010, viz : 2302 bound and 708 unbound. Owing to the want of funds (only about two- thirds of the appropriation having been received from the Treasurer) no- new books had been added, except the Transac- . tions of the International Medical Congress. The Transac- tions of thirty State Medical Associations were now received in exchange. During the year more books and journals had been received than could be shelved, and the room in which meetings were held was so overcrowded that more space was impera- tively demanded, and the committee urgently recommended the procuring of larger quarters. On their recommendation, one- half of the membership fees and dues for the coming year were appropriated to the use of the library. The annual oration was pronounced by Prof. Ira Remsen, of Johns Hopkins University, on "Chemistry in its Relations to Medicine." Among the reports of sections arresting our attention is one embodying fifty-two successful cases of lithotomy by Dr. Alan P. Smith. Dr. Smith attributed his success to the use of the lithotome of his father, Prof. N. R. Smith; an illustration of this instrument is given in the paper. The most remarkable case of the series occurred in a middle-aged man, who exhibited the strange deformity of two penises and two bladders, the calculus occupying the left. The patient could pass his urine from either bladder at pleasure. A case in every particular similar to this (but not the same) is reported in Van Buren & Keyes' 164 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY work on the genito-urinary organs. At the same meeting Dr. Erich reported a case of double vagina. Dr. Thos. R. Brown 1878 read an interesting paper on "Urethral Stricture," and Dr. Tiffany reported a successful case of "Removal of Naso-Phar- yngeal Polypus by Temporary Depression of Both Upper Jaws," which was performed by tracheotomy, to which he attributed his success. (Dr. B. B. Browne characterized this operation as "the most difficult and heroic in the annals of surgery" — Transactions, 1881.) The Transactions of this year contain a handsome heliotype portrait of the late Prof. N. R. Smith. 1879. '^he Corresponding Secretary reported that two county societies, in Kent and Queen Anne Counties, respec- tively, had been organized during the year and several others were in contemplation. The receipts by the Treasurer had been $1635.91, and dis- bursements $1632.49, leaving a balance on hand of $3.42. So pressing had been the financial stress (the Courtland Street house being vacant for six months) that the Treasurer had had to borrow, in the name of the Faculty, $200. The rooms on the corner of Fayette Street and Park Avenue had proven too small "to accommodate the very valuable library, and display periodical literature," and for the meetings of the renting societies, and so on the first of June, 1878, the large, "well-lighted, neatly furnished and easily accessible" hall, at No. 122 West Fayette Street (south side), just opposite, where the annual meetings had been several times held, was leased at $450, including heat, light, furniture, gas and janitor's services. The three local societies agreed to sub-rent the same at $100 each per annum. To avoid the necessity of again hav- ing to borrow money, an amendment was proposed to the 165 1879 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Constitution, requiring each applicant for membership to de- 1879 posit with his application $io, which included the admission and membership fee for the first year. This amendment was adopted at the next annual meeting. A double card catalogue of the library, one of authors and one of subjects, had been made and placed in a suitable cabinet, greatly facilitating reference to the books. It was with some pride that the Library Committee called attention to the fact that ninety-six members had been enrolled since the journal feature had been inaugurated. The number of bound volumes was now 2174. Only two or three new volumes had been added. The library was open daily from 10 to 6. Thirty-nine members had been admitted during the year, including five honorary members, viz : Dr. John S. Billings, U. S. A., Dr. J. J. Woodward, U. S. A.; Dr. J. M. Woodworth, Surgeon- General U. S. Marine Hospital Service ; Dr. J. J. Moorman, of Virginia, and Dr. Thomas J. Dunott, of Pennsylvania. To these was added Dr. Stanford E. Chaille, of New Orleans. Dr. Samuel P. Smith, the President, was unable to attend the meeting; in consequence. Dr. James Carey Thomas, the First Vice-President, presided at the daily sessions. Owing to the death of Dr. J. M. Woodworth, who had been selected to deliver the annual oration, the latter was delivered by Prof. H. Newell Martin, M.A., D.S., M.B., of the Johns Hopkins University, at Hopkins Hall, his subject being "The Physiology of Secre- tion." This paper, like all this gifted biologist did during the too few years of work allotted to him here, was a pro- found disquisition upon this subject, of which he if any one ever was master. This is one of the statements of his mem- orable paper. Speaking of the fanatical attacks upon biological science, and the legislation to which they had led in Great Britain, he says : These things "must tend to make English- 166 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Speaking physiology find its future home and centre on this side of the Atlantic." Among other contributions was one on 1879 "The Thermantidote, an Instrument for Preventing the Evil Effects of Heat from Paquelin's Thermo-Cautery when Oper- ating in Deep Cavities," with illustration, by Dr. H. P. C. Wil- son, and a series of papers on Psychology, by Drs. J. S. (Conrad, I. D. Thomson and Gustave Liebmann. A special meeting was held October 14, for the consideration of ethical and business matters. At this, seven new members were elected. 1880. There was a balance in the treasury of $18.37. The Courtland Street house — vacant during the summer — was found to be so dilapidated that, to make it habitable, $137.87 had had to be expended on it in the fall, after which it was rented for $20 per month. The total expenses of the property during the year had exceeded the revenue by $100. A gain had been effected, however, by a decision of the Appeal Tax Court doing away with the taxes. The members of the Faculty, however, became now convinced that they could not longer afford this increasing drain upon their resources, and therefore ordered the Executive Committee to sell the property "on the best terms possible." This was effected in the following July, the net amount received being $503.50, a loss below actual cost of $5196.50. There were 2224 books in the library, and the journals were being regularly bound. No new books have been purchased, but there had been a number of donations. Five names were added to the membership at this meeting, which was held at the Johns Hopkins University, generously tendered for the occasion. The President, Dr. S. C. Chew, delivered an address, entitled "Medicine in the Past and 167 1880 MEiDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Future," and the annual oration was delivered by Prof. John 1880 W. Mallet, M.D., of the University of Virginia, on "The Claims of Science for its Own Sake upon the M'edical Profession." These addresses, by these two distinguished scholars, are elo- quent examples of literary effort, and signalize this meeting in an especial manner by their excellence. Among the inter- esting papers read may be mentioned one on the "Sphygmo- graph," by Dr. Arnold, and another on "The Use of Caustics in Dermatological Practice," by Dr. I. E. Atkinson. Dr. Cos- kery exhibited a modification of Croft's splint for fractures of long bones, and Dr. Tiffany commended the advantages of a preliminary tracheotomy with Paquelin's thermo-cautery in excision of the upper jaw. In the report of the Section on Surgery, mention is made of two recent cases of suit for mal- practice against Drs. Walls and Reuling, damages of $10,000 and $20,000, respectively, being claimed. Both defendants were acquitted of the charge. Mention may be made of a report by a committee appointed to procure an amendment to the law providing for the registra- tion of statistics in the State. A draught of a bill was framed and duly brought before the House of Delegates, where it was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. It then dis- appeared, and was said to have been stolen from the desk of the secretary of the committee. A second bill was procured by telegraph and placed with the committee, who afterwards reported unfavorably upon it. The reason for this was found to be that it contained a clause taking from a public official of the Senate a salary of $1000, which he had been receiving for not doing this very work. Ethical matters demanded much attention, absorbing con- siderable time, not only at the annual meeting, but requiring also special meetings for their consideration. Allusion has 168 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY already been made to a suit for malpractice brought against a prominent specialist, and which was decided in his favor. This 1880 gentleman conceived the idea that a brother practitioner fol- lowing the same specialty had encouraged the suit against him and had testified in the trial "contrary to all scientific expe- rience and solely for the purpose of prejudicing his case." The Committee on Ethics, after careful consideration, found these charges untrue, the evidence showing, on the contrary, that the physician accused had advised the patients and their counsel not to bring the suit. The first specialist, therefore, tendered his resignation, which was not accepted. The bad feeling continued, and in July the second specialist felt con- strained to bring charges of unprofessional conduct against the first. After examination by the committee, these came up for consideration before the Faculty at a meeting held on the twenty-fourth of September. Further action in the case was then cut short by the production of an opinion from Col. Charles Marshall, sustaining the validity of the defendant's resignation, which placed him beyond the control of the Faculty. "After prolonged discussion the resignation was taken from the table and accepted." It was realized from this case that there was need for an amendment to the Constitution in reference to the right of members to resign their member- ship, and Dr. James Carey Thomas gave notice of such an amendment at the next meeting. Another question which occupied the attention of the Ethical Committee was that of fees for professional services rendered to corporations. This was brought up by Dr. J. Shelton Hill, in connection with the Baltimore and Ohio Relief Association. After full discussion, the following resolution was adopted, which, in view of the sentiment of the Faculty therein expressed, is worthy of repetition : 169 MEDICAL AfND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY "Resolved, That the members of the Medical and Chirurgical 1880 Faculty of Maryland, without a violation of their obligations to this Faculty, cannot enter into a contract to render professional services to the members of the Relief Association of the B. & O. R. R. upon any terms at variance with the Fee Table of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland." The one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Baltimore was celebrated in October, 1880. The exercises were of the most elaborate character, and lasted several days. A special celebration of the occasion was held by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty on one of these days, October 13. The President, Dr. H. P. C. Wilson, called the meeting to order at 8.30 p. m., in the hall of the Society, at 122 West Fayette Street. After prayer by Rev. Dr. Leyburn, of the Associate Reformed Church, the President delivered a brief address. This was followed by papers prepared for the evening by Dr. B. Bernard Browne, on the "Surgeons of Baltimore and their Achievements;" by Dr. G. Lane Taneyhill, on the "Medical Societies of Baltimore;" by Dr. Thomas A. Ashby, on the "Medical Journals of Baltimore ;" by Dr. Eugene F. Cordell, on the "Medical Schools of Baltimore." Dr. John R. Quinan had been appointed to read a fifth paper, on the "Physicians of Baltimore and What They Have Done," but was not prepared, and asked that further time be granted, which was done. Dr. Quinan continued his researches until 1884, when they had reached such proportions that they were published in a separate volume, "The Medical Annals of Baltimore." Dr. Joseph M. Toner, of Washington, honorary member, read some notes on the "Medical Writings of the Physicians of Baltimore" A vote of thanks was tendered the gentlemen who had read papers, and the same were published in the Transactions of 1881. 170 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1 88 1. At the calling of the roll 105 members answered to their names. The Treasurer's report showed receipts of 1881 $1854.84 and expenditures of $1380.46; balance in hand, $474.38 (the last representing the receipts from the sale of the house). The estimated value of the library, fixtures and fur- niture was $6500, an increase of $1000 over the previous year. These figures were the official estimate made by the Library Committee and Treasurer by direction of the Faculty, in order that the amount in the Treasurer's report might represent accu- rately the value of the library. The collection had been insured for $5000. It now included 2744 volumes, an increase of 520 since the previous report. The number of medical journals had increased from 30 to 100, 80 of these being American and 20 foreign. This great increase in the journal department had been due to the great liberality of Dr. Ashby, who had gener- ously donated 54 of the exchanges of the Maryland Medical Journal unmutilated. Fourteen members had subscribed $10 each, and thirteen $5 each, towards the expenses of the library, and this amount ($205) had enabled the committee to carry on their work in the highly satisfactory way in which it had been done. But for this liberal donation and the enthusiastic devo- tion of the librarian, the committee said their work would have resulted in disastrous failure. Of this progress, the Library Committee in their report say that it was "greater, perhaps, than has occurred during the whole period included within the memory of any of the members of the Faculty." Twenty-one active and two honorary members had been added, the latter being Professors Mallet and Goodell. The Curator reported that the Roberts specimens had been deposited at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and that they were in a bad condition and indistinguishable from the 171 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY specimens belonging to the College. Later they were removed 1881 to the hall. An interesting event of the year was the presentation to the Society of the academic and medical diplomas of Dr. John Archer, a founder from Harford County, by Dr. George W. Archer, through Dr. Quinan. The first of these was the Princeton A.B., date 1760, and the second the M.B. from the College of Philadelphia, 1768. The latter was the first medi- cal diploma issued in America,* and for that reason especially possesses the very greatest interest. At the same time Dr. Christopher Johnston presented, from Mr. George B. Coale, the diploma of Dr. George Buchanan, another founder, and also a certificate of membership of the same in the American Philo- sophical Society. Dr. Quinan accompanied the presentation of these interesting medical relics with sketches of the two founders. Other business transacted was as follows : The appointment of a Reception Committee (motion of Dr. Michael) to receive delegates and members from the counties and provide for their entertainment and comfort ; the creation of a Library Build- ing Committee (resolution of Dr. L E. Atkinson) to con- sider ways and means of securing a fireproof building and to hold and invest money for the same; a resolution (Dr. Ashby) looking to securing as complete a department at the Peabody Library in medical as in other branches of literature; provid- ing for the reporting of dicussions before the Faculty (Dr. Browne) ; a special assessment of $3 upon city members foi; the benefit of the library (Dr. L E. Atkinson) ; an amendment to the Constitution providing that "sentence of reprimand, *An honorary diploma is said to have been conferred upon an Eng- lish physician by Yale College in 1723. 172 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY suspension or expulsion be administered by the President in the presence of the Faculty and published in the Transactions" 1881 (Dr. Williams) ; amending the Constitution so that "no mem- ber against whom charges are pending shall have the right to resign without express permission of the Faculty" (Dr. J. C. Thomas) ; the appointment of a committee to consider the legalizing of anatomical study in Maryland (Dr. Tiffany) ; the appointment of a committee to consider the advisability of establishing a directory for nurses (Dr. Brune). In his presidential address, Dr. H. P. C. Wilson particularly urged the construction of a fireproof library building. He preferred the joint stock company plan. He said that he could name several members with valuable libraries who would donate them at death if there were such a building for their preservation. The annual oration was delivered by Prof. Wm. Goodell, of Philadelphia, who chose for his subject "The Dangers and the Duty of the Hour." The dangers were the decay of home life, the unwillingness of women to become mothers, the increasing resort to divorce, abortion, etc. "To reform these abuses, to make wives not stale-mates, but help-mates, in the true sense of the word ; to redeem woman from the bondage of her educa- tion and restore her to wifehood and motherhood ; to uplift the sexual conscience of the community ; to rivet the bonds between husband and wife, and to fill our homes with prattling chil- dren — ^these be the great missions of the physician, missions which he must cheerfully and manfully accept as his Duty of the Hour." In the reports of sections. Dr. G. G. Rusk has a successful hip joint amputation, and Dr. Coskery a second successful amputation of both legs at one sitting. The last operator also has a successful removal of a fibro-adeno-enchondroma of the 173 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY neck, weighing 3 pounds 10 ounces. Dr. Howard has three 1881 cases of rupture of the uterus during labor ; Dr. H. P. C. Wil- son, an ovariotomy at the fourth month of pregnancy, without interference with the normal course of labor; the last operator also a case of combined intra- and extra-uterine twin preg- nancy, in which one child was removed by laparotomy, the other by a natural labor, both being born alive ; Dr. R. Winslow, ten consecutive breech presentations in a woman with deformed pelvis ; Dr. Frank West, a case of Battey's operation — the first done in the State. Dr. J. Shelton Hill points out the value of boracic acid an mucous inflammations. (Dr. Theobald was the first to employ and recommend this agent in conjunctivitis. See A^. Y. Med. Rec, Feb., 1880.) There were three papers presented, of such exceptional char- acter and interest that they constituted probably the most strik- ing feature of this remarkable meeting. They were called "invited papers," and their titles were : "A New Method of Studying the Mammalian Heart," by Dr. H. Newell Martin, Professor of Biology, Johns Hopkins University ; "A Study of Blood Pressure in the Coronary Arteries of the Mammalian Heart," by Drs. H. Newell Martin and W. T. Sedgwick ; ''A Fatal Form of Septicaemia in the Rabbit Produced by the Sub- cutaneous Injection of Human Saliva," by George M. Stern- berg, Surgeon U. S. A. In the first, Dr. Martin describes, by means of a plate, the method by which he succeeded in keeping beating, for several hours after death, the heart of a dog which had been completely isolated from the rest of the body except the lungs. By the apparatus which he had devised, Professor Martin had kept a heart beating with beautiful regularity for more than five hours, and had no doubt he could keep it in action considerably longer were that necessary. To prevent clotting, defibrinated blood is used. The maintenance of the coronary 174 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY circulation is an essential. A minute description was given of the method, and its successful working was shown upon a dog 1881 in the adjoining laboratory. By this plan the study of the physiology of the mammalian heart was possible to an extent never before attainable. One can investigate the direct action of drugs on the heart, can study the effect of varying tempera- tures and arterial pressures on the pulse-rate, and probably can keep alive for study a kidney, liver, etc., by uniting it with the heart. The second paper detailed experiments proving that the semi- lunar valves of the aorta do not close over the openings of the coronaries during any portion of the cardiac period, a fact which had been hitherto in dispute and unsettled. Sternberg describes how he inoculated rabbits with his own saliva and isolated a micrococcus. Subsequently Pasteur discovered the same organism in the saliva of a child dead of hydrophobia. There was no suspicion by either of these ob- servers that the organism discovered by them (the coccus of sputum septicaemia) had anything to do with lobar pneumo- nia. Fraenkel, in 1886, showed first that it was the most fre- quent organism in acute pneumonia, and present in a very large proportion of all cases of croupous pneumonia. This organism is now known as the micrococcus lanceolatus, the pneumo- coccus, or the diplococcus pneumonias. 1882. The annual meeting was held in Hopkins Hall. ig32 Although the expenses of the year had considerably exceeded those of previous years, the financial condition was healthy, and the $500 derived from the sale of the Courtland Street house had been kept intact. The library had been increased by 320 volumes, the books and pictures now being assessed at $7500. The Library Committee complained that a large por- '- 175 MEDICAL AjND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tion of its revenue had been diverted by the expense of pub- 1882 Hshing the unusually large volume of Transactions. The total amount available by the committee had been $493.80. Of peri- odicals 118 were regularly received, 64 being from the exchange list of the Maryland Medical Journal. The Transactions of 49 societies were regularly received. "Clearly," says the com- mittee, "the library has now become the most important fea- ture of this Faculty, and undoubtedly is the cause of its unpre- cedented prosperity." Yet the financial resources of the com- mittee were at this time very precarious, and gave rise to con- stant anxiety. At any moment its support might be withdrawn and a death blow to its prosperity be thus inflicted. The com- mittee, therefore, urged the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution, assessing each city member $8 and each country member $3, one-half of the former fee and two-thirds of the latter being appropriated to the Library Committee, and this amendment was adopted and became Art. X of the Consti- tution. Seventeen active members and one honorary member (Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy) were elected on recommendation of the Board of Examiners of the Western Shore. The Curator reported that the Roberts specimens had been removed back to the hall of the Faculty and were in good con- dition. There was a report of a Library Building Committee, appointed in 1881. The object of the appointment of this committee was "to consider the best ways and means of secur- ing for the library a fireproof building." The committee had held a number of meetings and fully discussed the subject. They were well satisfied of the advantages of such a building. They recommended the creation of a building fund, to be vested in five trustees, and not to be expended until it had reached 176 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY $15,000, and also a committee of nine to secure contributions to the same, and they suggested that a deed of trust be executed 1883 conveying to the Trustees the proceeds arising from the sale of the Courtland Street property, and other securities from time to time. These suggestions were subsequently adopted. The Committee on Directory for Nurses recommended that such a directory be instituted and that it be modeled after the one founded in Boston in 1879, "which is already a pronounced success." They suggested certain rules for its government, and requested that quarters be furnished for it in the library building and that the services of the librarian, as registrar, be placed at their disposal, at such additional compensation as should be agreed upon. Any receipts above the expenses of maintenance should go to the library. The plan as thus pro- posed by the committee was adopted at a special meeting, and the committee (Drs. Brune, Johnson and Green) continued with instructions to carry it into effect. The first colored physician was admitted this year, Whitfield Winsey, M.D., of Baltimore, a graduate of Harvard Univer- sity, having that honor. Dr. Winsey had been previously rejected by a local society in East Baltimore, where he resided, and he must have felt fully compensated for his previous dis- appointment in the unanimous recommendation of the Board of Examiners and the unanimous election of the Faculty. Two other physicians of color have since been added to the member- ship. In a society such as this, representing the entire State and designed for purely scientific and ethical purposes, there should be no requirements other than those of character and attainment. The committee to secure a law legalizing anatomical study in the State not having been successful, was continued and instructed to resume its efforts. 177 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The office of Reporting Secretary was created and the duties 1883 of the same defined. The date of the annual meeting was changed from the second Tuesday in April to the fourth Tuesday. The following resolutions, adopted at this time, explain themselves : "Whereas, The chairman oi the Library Building Committee has informed this Faculty of the very generous offer of Dr. J. M. Toner, of Washington, D. C, who proposes to bestow his library upon the Faculty provided a fireproof building be erected for its reception; and "Whereas^ This Faculty is unable at present to comply with the conditions of Dr. Toner's proposition, "Resolved, That this Faculty appreciates the liberality of the offer of Dr. Toner of his library but in view of the impossi- bility of complying with the conditions accompanying the gift, feels obliged, though unwillingly, to decline the same. "Resolved, That this action be communicated by the Corre- ponding Secretary to Dr. Toner." A decision of the President at this time made the term "cur- rent year," as used in the Constitution, mean from the begin- ning of one annual meeting to the next annual meeting. There were nine sections, viz: i. Surgery; 2, Practice; 3, Obstetrics and Gynaecology ; 4, Materia Medica and Chemistry ; 5, Sanitary Science; 6, Physiology and Pathology; 7, Psychol- ogy and Medical Jurisprudence ; 8, Micro-Chemistry and Spec- tral Analysis ; 9, Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology. From the address of the President, Dr. Donaldson, we learn that "some had suggested the propriety of actually changing the name of the Association to that of the 'Maryland State Medical Society,' in order to secure greater interest in the counties ; a sad alternative," he adds, "as there are so many 178 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY memories and associations connected with this Faculty in the history of the profession an this State;" but he thought "that 1882 we ought to make greater efforts to have this body a repre- sentative one of the whole State." Earnest endeavors were being made to make the Faculty the State Society, where yearly valuable reports and original papers full of interest should be presented. In these efforts the members had been encouraged by having at the previous annual meeting a larger attendance from the counties than for many years previously. The Presi- dent referred to the flattering reception of the Transactions of the previous year, due largely to the papers detailing the original investigations of Drs. Martin and Sedgwick. He referred also to the International Medical Congress, which had met in London in August, 1881, and to the enthusiastic reception given on that occasion to M. Pasteur, "whose renown has spread from his quiet Parisian laboratory over the whole civilized world." Finally he drew up an excellent epitome of the original researches of M. Pasteur and those who have fol- lowed him, bearing upon the germ theory. The world had just been stirred to its depths by the claim of Koch, "a very careful and by no means a hasty man, in his conclusions that he had discovered the parasite or bacillus which causes tuber- culosis." The annual address by Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy on the "Re- ciprocal Action of Morbid Bodily and Mental Influences" fol- lowed. An item in the Treasurer's accounts is "expenses of orator, $17." Dr. Tifl^any reported a successful amputation at the hip joint for osteosarcoma of the femur. Dr. Opie reported the proceedings of the Section on Obstet- rics and Gynaecology, since its organization. May 27, 1881. 179 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Meetings had been held monthly. Dr. Wm. M. Kemp furnish- 1882 ed a paper on "What Baltimore Did in a Sanitary Way During the Yellow Fever in Norfolk and Portsmouth in 1855." Dr. Kemp was then City Physician of Baltimore and had been a participator in the events about which he wrote. Briefly, the Board of Health, consisting of Dr. Kemp, City Physician; Dr. Jacob W. Houck, Commissioner of Health, and Dr. Judson Oilman, Assistant Commissioner and Secretary, decided that yellow fever was a disease of local origin and that it was non- contagious. Having therefore improved the condition of all the low grounds near the water front in the whole southern section of the city by draining, grading and filling, and the removal of all accumulated debris, and having thoroughly cleansed every street, lane, alley and court in the city, they opened this port in the freest possible manner to refugees from the stricken cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. Although thousands availed themselves of this offer and although in a number of these refugees the disease appeared after their com- ing here, in not a single instance was it contracted by residents of Baltimore. "Baltimore enjoyed a perfect immunity through all her fierce trial, notwithstanding the proximity to and the direct daily communication with the affected cities through her open port. * * * Two facts seemed most apparent, as the outgrowth of observations made during the season. They are the inutility of quarantine as to persons and the importance above all else of a perfect internal sanitary condition." "Invited papers" of original research carried on in the Johns Hopkins Laboratory were again contributed, their titles being: "The Influence upon the Pulse Rate of Variations of Arterial Pressure, of Venous Pressure and of Temperature," by Pro- fessor Martin; "Report of Some Observations upon the Form of the Pulse- Wave and the Mean Arterial Pressure in a Dog 180 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY with Patent Ductus Arteriosus," by Wm. H. Howell, A.B., and F. Donaldson, Jr., A.B. ; "The Influence of Variation of Venous 1882 and of Arterial Pressure upon the Cardio-Inhibitory Action of the Pneumogastric Nerves," by Henry Sewall, Ph.D., and F. Donaldson, Jr., A.B., and "The Influence of Digitaline on the Work Done by the Heart of the 'Slider' Terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa — Shaw)," by H. H. Donaldson and Mactier Warfield, A.B. Professor Martin had improved his method of isolating the mammalian heart (reported the previous year), and as he had been aided so greatly in perfecting apparatus and method by his assistants and pupils, he now called it the "Baltimore Method." "The guiding idea was to prevent all circulation through any part of the body of a warm-blooded animal but the heart and lungs. From want of blood, brain and spinal cord and sympathetic ganglia very soon die, and so the heart is liberated from the control of nerve centres outside of itself. In the second place, the heart, thus isolated, receives only blood of constant composition and known temperature, sent into it under readily controlled conditions." The following conclu- sions were derived by Professor Martin from his experiments: I. Variations of arterial pressure have no influence upon the pulse rate. 2. The same is true of variations of venous pres- sure. 3. The pulse rate and the temperature of the blood flowing through the coronary arteries corresponds, each rising as the other rises and each falling as the other falls. "By put- ting the patient in a bath, whose temperature is gradually and carefully lowered, it seems probable that the heart's beat can be slowed as the body is cooled, the extra strain on it dimin- ished and threatened death possibly averted." Professor Martin also ascertained that the dog's heart will still beat regu- 181 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY larly, though slowly, at 26° C, and regularly, but rapidly and 1882 feebly, at 41° C. Valuable and interesting papers and reports were also pre- sented by Drs. Tiffany (Cancer of Rectum), Van Bibber (Drinking Waters of Maryland), R. Winslow (Osseous and Ligamentous Anomalies), Conrad (Psychology), Chisolm (Ophthalmology), and John N. Mackenzie (Diphtheritic Ulceration of Air Passages). At special meetings held May 9 and 12 the following addi- tional action was taken : Resolution of Dr. James Carey Thomas: "Resolved, That the M'edical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, having had its attention called by the address of Dr. Donaldson, the late President, to the code of ethics recently adopted by the State Medical Society of New York, and believ- ing that intelligent consulations are not possible between scien- tific physicians and homoeopaths, Thomsonians, eclectics and other irregulars, hereby reaffirms its adhesion to the code of the American Medical Association. "Resolved, That the delegates of this Faculty be requested to present these resolutions at the approaching annual meeting of the American Medical Association." On motion of Dr. Taneyhill a committee of five was appointed to "lay the claims of the medical profession of the State before theTrustees of the Peabody Institute and request that the library under their charge shall be made as complete in medical as it is in other branches of literature." 1883 1883. Seventy-two members were present at the opening of the annual meeting, which was held at the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, as during the several preceding years. Delegates were present from the Baltimore Medical Association, Acad- 182 JOHX CRA\\'F(JRD 1746-1813. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY emy of Medicine and Clinical Society, and from the Cecil County Medical Society. Six new members were elected, all 1883 from the Western Shore. The finances of the Society were reported to be in a healthy condition, the receipts being $2274.02, the disbursements $1736. The fees and dues of members and delegates had risen from nothing a few years before to $1184. The value of the library had increased, according to estimate, by $800 during the year. The Library Committee reported very gratifying progress in the condition of the library. 'Tt has now assumed such pro- portions," they say, "and has become possessed of such a varied range of literature, so richly rewarding the labors of the large and increasing numbers of members who consult it, that at last, by the sheer force of its own merits, it has become established as the most valuable and important feature of this Faculty, and has won such golden opinions from all that there no longer re- mains room for doubt that the future will only increase its use- fulness." The number of volumes amounted to 3346, 277 more than at the previous report. Among important additions were Ziemssen's Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine, 17 volumes, and a complete set of the New Sydenham Society's publications to the end of 1881. The Maryland Medical Journal was con- tinuing the donation of its exchange list of 81 journals. The total amount of funds available for the committee's use was $603.10, of which the librarian contributed by "donations, sales and fines," $63.17. "It is becoming apparent that our present quarters are not capable of meeting our requirements, and that very soon the Faculty will be called upon to provide more suit- able halls. Let us hope that these will be in our own building." The Committee on Publication announced the receipt from Dr. John R. Quinan of his manuscript on the "Physicians of 183 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Baltimore," upon which he had been steadily engaged since the 1883 Sesqui-Centennial celebration of Baltimore, held in October, 1880. It will be remembered that Dr. Quinan was appointed to read upon that occasion one of the papers, the subject as- signed him being, "The Physicians of Baltimore : What Have They Done?" and that, being unprepared to comply, he had requested to be allowed to continue his researches, with a view to future publication, when the work should be complete. The work as now presented completed by him, and which assumed the name of "The Medical Annals of Baltimore," embraced : "i. A chronology of events connected with the progress of medicine in Baltimore from 1730 to 1880. "2. A biography of Baltimore physicians, to which is ap- pended a record of their literary contributions. "3. A subject index to the literature. "4. A record of public services, military, civil and medical, performed by Baltimore physicians from 1730 to 1880 in the city. State and national governments, with statistics of our charitable and public institutions." "In recognition of Dr. Quinan's services, your committee recommend that 200 copies be presented to him. This volume, unprecedented and unparalleled in the history of medical litera- ture and societies in the United States, will at once bring (its author and this Faculty prominently before a commending pub- lic, and go down to posterity as a living monument to the untir- ing zeal and devotion of one of our honored members." An edi- tion of 1000 copies of the work was printed. It made an octavo of 274 pages, and contained a lithographic portrait of the author. The Committee on Library Building (Dr. Chisolm, chair- man, vice Dr. H. P. C. Wilson, resigned) reported that they 184 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY had issued a circular, but had received no active response thereto. They beHeved that the raising of a building fund 1883 must be the work of time, and suggested that such amounts as could be spared from the treasury of the Faculty, together with such other subscriptions and donations as might be contributed, should be placed in the hands of the Board of Trustees to con- stitute the nucleus of such a fund. The committee to appeal to the Trustees of the Peabody Library to include medical books in their collection, reported that owing to their limited funds the Board was compelled to limit its purchases to books of general utility. "They request from the Faculty the names of such general works on medicine as they would desire to have added to the library." The com- mittee suggested that "the circulating library of Mr. Pratt, hav- ing five times as much money to invest annually in books, promises a more successful field for appeal," and recommended that a committee be appointed to appeal directly to Mr. Pratt, "and urge him to consider the medical profession as an impor- tant part of the citizens of Baltimore, very sadly in need of medical books to prepare them the better for their daily avo- cation." The suggestion of the committee was adopted, and the same committee was appointed to discharge the new duty. The Committee on Directory for Nurses reported that they had successfully initiated the Directory, and that it had been in operation since June i, 1882, under the efficient management of Dr. William F. Lockwood as Registrar. The Faculty would assume no obligations for it, and it began without funds ; never- theless, "it had neither begged nor borrowed, and had no debts." Twenty-nine nurses had registered, and the receipts had been $111.41, of which $9.98 balance had been turned into the treasury of the Faculty for the use of the library. 185 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY In the following, moved by Dr. William Lee, the Faculty 1883 reaffirmed its fealty to the code of ethics (see proceedings of 1882) : "Resolved, That the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, in convention assembled, reaffirms its determination to adhere to the time-honored code of ethics of the American Medical Association, which has always been its accepted chart and trusted guide. "Resolved, That this body discountenance any and every attempt on the part of medical organizations to break down this barrier between the regular medical profession and the varied domain of irregular practice, and do earnestly protest against any departures from the true spirit of the supreme law of the organized profession. "Resolved, That a duly attested copy of these resolutions be presented to the American Medical Association in open session at its approaching meeting." The following resolution, offered by Dr. R. Gundry, was adopted : "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by this Faculty to represent to the Legislature of Maryland the urgent need of an institution for the care and education of feeble- minded and imbecile children." The annual address, by Dr. John S. Billings, was a learned discourse on "Medical Bibliography," a dry subject, which the author made fresh and interesting by his treatment of it. Praise from Dr. Billings is not easily won, and therefore his appre- ciation of our efforts to secure a valuable collection of books and journals in Baltimore was particularly grateful. "Re- cently," he says, "by the exertions of a few members, and especially through the energy and zeal of your librarian, * * * the collection has been put in order and made acces- 186 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sible, a certain number of current medical journals are regu- larly received and other improvements have been effected." 1883 He recommends that our library should be made and kept as complete as possible in the local medical history of the city and State, and that perfect security should be secured for our collection, not only for the preservation of the books them- selves, but in order that it might be possible for the Washington Library to loan freely to the Baltimore Library. At that time books could only be obtained from the library of the Surgeon- General's office through the libraries of the Peabody Listitute and the Johns Hopkins University. With pardonable pride, Dr. Billings compares the resources of his own library with the medical departments of the British Museum and the Na- tional Library of France, and he finds that the former not only contains more medical literature than either of the others, but that it covers a wider field, represents better the medical litera- ture of the whole world, and is decidedly a better practical reference and working collection for medical purposes than either. He attributes this result to the fact that the Surgeon- General's is a special library, and not a mere section of a national librar}% and hence physicians take more interest in it, and give their books and pamphlets liberally to it, which they do not do in the other case. Dr. Billings' modesty forbade his naming a still more important cause of the phenomenal growth of this library, which was his own incessant effort and intelligent interest. Another interesting point in this address was the explanation of the "quaint, old-timey name which the physi- cians of this State have preserved for their Society" — "the Faculty" — a name by which the medical profession has been known for three hundred years and more. The special use of the term originated in the old University of Paris, where those 187 MSDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY who graduated as doctors graduated also as teachers ; in other 1883 words, the Faculty of Medicine in Paris was composed of all the graduated doctors of medicine of the University, whereas the other Faculties of the University were composed purely and simply of learned men whose sole obj ect and work was to teach. The physicians, therefore, forming both a corps for instruction and a body exercising a liberal profession, of which they had the monopoly, represented the Faculty, whose affairs were of most interest to the world at large, and accordingly became known in the world of Paris and France as the Faculty (Raynaud: "Les Medecins au temps de Moliere"). The Section on Surgery (Dr. Coskery, chairman,) devoted its attention to the three operations, gastrostomy, splenectomy and nephrectomy. The following conclusions show the senti- ment entertained by the committee, which was in accordance with the facts before the profession at that time: The first (opening of the stomach) is justifiable in case of foreign body which cannot pass the pylorus, in progressing malignant con- traction of the oesophagus, in stricture of the oesophagus from corrosives not yielding to bougies ; splenectomy for conditions unassociated with leucocythsemia is preeminently the most suc- cessful operation in abdominal surgery, while in leucocythaemic patients it is probably the most dangerous of operations, and should never be resorted to; nephrectomy is justifiable, 60 of 114 operations having proved successful. A large number of interesting and highly valuable reports and papers were published in the Transactions for the year, but as a mere enumeration, which is all that I could give to them, would give but little insight into their contents, I would refer the reader to the volume containing them, which is acces- sible at the library. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1884. The annual meeting was held in Hopkins Hall, Johns Hopkins University, April 22-25, inclusive. Delegates were 1884 present from the Clinical Society, Academy of Medicine, Medical Association^ and Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, from the Allegany and Cecil County Medical So- cieties, and from the Pennsylvania State Medical Association. The Treasurer reported receipts $2318.97, and expenditures $1739.98, leaving a balance of 578.99. The library (including fixtures and furniture) was estimated to be worth $9000. Dr. W. F. A. Kemp had been appointed Treasurer, to succeed Dr. Judson Oilman, who had died August i, 1883. The new Treasurer was required by the Executive Committee to exe- cute a bond for $2000, in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution. An insurance of $7000 was placed upon the library. Owing to the great growth of the library, the hall had become inadequate for its accommodation, but notwith- standing earnest efforts to secure a more suitable one, none had been found, and therefore the Society had been compelled to remain for the present in the same quarters. Eleven new members were elected. The Library Committee in their report gave an interesting resume of the previous ten years of its history, which indicated "constant and rapid progress in building up the collection to its present condition of usefulness and great value." They showed that in 1874 the books were boxed, there was no library room, and no journals were subscribed for. It was not until 1877 that the library was revitalized and opened to the members on August 22, there being a large attendance on the occasion. "A large number of the 1863 volumes then in the library were scarce and valuable, rendered so in part by their antiquity. The true value of many of them, however, was not realized until a proposition was received from Surgeon 189 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY John S. Billings, of the National Medical Library, to purchase 1884 a large number of them — books which this experienced and energetic bibliographer was unable to procure at any price, either in this country or in Europe." In 1877 a carefully pre- pared list of the best medical journals in different parts of the world, representing all the specialties and branches of medi- cine and surgery, was subscribed for. "From this date the library, which had previously scarcely had one visitor a week, became more and more popular, until it is at present the daily resort of many of the reading and progressive members of the profession." The committee called attention to the fact that no committee has yet had control of an adequate appropria- tion for their work, not even since 1882, when a specific assess- ment was made upon each member for the support of the library. The total expenditures of the year for the library had been $504.16. The number of volumes in the library was 4019, of which 277 were duplicates. During the year 673 had been added. The most notable purchases had been the New Sydenham Society's publications, 74 volumes, and the London Obstetrical Society's Transactions, 25 volumes. By exchange 185 additions had been made, chiefly from the Surgeon-Gen- eral's Library at Washington; 93 had been added by dona- tion, including a set of four elegant new dictionaries by Dr. Morris. The journals received were 119 in number, including 86 American and 33 foreign. Books could now be obtained from the Surgeon-General's Library by requisition through our own librarian. The Committee on Nurses' Directory reported that, owing to the lack of interest and patronage in the directory by mem- bers, its affairs had not prospered as had been hoped. The committee was therefore compelled to retain the cash balance for the year, amounting to $24.08, for its own expenses, instead 190 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of turning it over, as previously, to the library. It also recommended, in view of these circumstances, that an appeal 1884 should be made for support to the laity, by advertisement in the public press. The following resolution was adopted : "That authority be and hereby is granted to Dr. John R. Quinan to amend and revise the 'Medical Annals,' including names of physicians of the State, compiling data up to January i, 1885, and publish the same at his own expense." On motion of Prof. C. Johnston, the Faculty approved of the measures at present instituted, to segregate the Surgeon- General's Library and place it in a fire-proof building and under the care of the Surgeon-General." The standard of papers set in 1881 was not lowered at this meeting. Prof. William Pepper delivered the annual address, on "Dietetics in Disease." The Section of Surgery (Professor Michael) devoted some attention to antiseptic surgery, which had now gained the day, although most of us could recall the time when Lister "was actually laughed at by many of the most prominent surgeons of the time." Even those who op- posed Listerism acknowledged its principle by adopting strict "cleanliness in surgery;" it was only a difference in details. The report paid a high but well-deserved tribute to the great surgeon, who had so recently revolutionized surgical practice. Corrosive sublimate was then just coming into favor, displac- ing to a large degree carbolic acid and iodoform. The advance in abdominal surgery was shown by the following quotation : "A part or the whole of every abdominal organ, except the liver and pancreas, has been removed with success. In short, the surgeon of today hesitates but little more to open an abdomen than to amputate a limb, and some men go so far as to say that if done with proper precautions the pro- is 191 MEDICAL AND CHTRURGICAL FACULTY cedure is unattended with danger." Dr. Robert W. Johnson 1884 had a paper on "Cryptorchidism," with a case and a resume of 89 cases ; Dr. John Morris, one on "Vital Statistics of Baltimore in the Past ;" Dr. Theobald, one on "Preventable Blindness ;" Dr. Chisolm, one on "Removal of a Piece of Iron from the Vitreous Chamber by the Magnetic Needle;" Dr. Mackenzie, one on "Reflex Cough Due to Nasal Polypi," and Dr. Cordell, one on "Congenital Anomaly of the Foetal Heart, consisting of the Absence of one of the Segments of the Mitral Valve, in which a Systolic Murmur was heard before Birth." This by no means exhausts the list. 1885. A special meeting was held March 31 to hear charges 1885 against members of the Society, one member being charged with "conduct unworthy of a member," and four others with "unprofessional conduct." The charges were referred to the Committee on Ethics, whose report was made at a meeting held April 23. The committee found the charges sustained, whereupon the first offending member was suspended for one year. Of the other four members charged with unprofes- sional conduct, two received a similar sentence and two were sentenced tO' be reprimanded. The annual meeting of 1885 was deferred two weeks, in order that members attending the American Medical Associa- tion in New Orleans might be present and participate. The Faculty convened, therefore, on the twelfth of May, in the Athenaeum Building, northwest comer of St. Paul and Sara- toga Streets, the hall on the first floor of which had been rented for the occasion from the Historical Society. Two hundred members attended at the opening. The change from the custom of several years had been necessitated by the in- creasing demand upon the lecture room at the Johns Hopkins 192 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY University, and the inability of the Trustees to place the same at the disposal of the Society. The Treasurer's report revealed 1885 the following: The total amount received from the sale of Quinan's Annals (2 years) v^as $74.75. The cost of the work was $417.55. The balance had happily been liquidated by rigid economy in the expenditure of income. The expenses for the year had been $1682.79, leaving a deficit of $99.55» which the Treasurer had been obliged to advance. The Executive Committee reported that it had considered the best disposition to be made of the pathological specimens belonging to the Faculty, and that the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity had offered to take charge of them and place them in the University Museum, where they would be carefully pre- served, promising to return them whenever desired. This offer had been accepted, and they had accordingly been so transferred. Eight new members were added to the Society. The Library Committee still had to complain that it had "been unable to conduct the affairs of the library to its own satisfac- tion or to the best interests of the Faculty, on account of the insufficient funds placed at its command. Much that was de- sirable; much, indeed, that seemed essential to a well-ordered library, had to be neglected in consequence." Hence, the committee had been reduced to great straits during the year, having received but $445.10. The committee complained, therefore, bitterly of the disregard of Art. X of the Consti- tution, adopted in 1882. They showed by figures that the amount received had fallen short of the actual amount to which they were entitled by some $200 annually. They pro- tested against any appropriation of funds made at the expense of the library, "the feature of the Faculty to which in the larg- est measure belongs the credit of its present usefulness, and which is the guarantee of its future prosperity." Notwith- 193 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Standing the cramped condition of the committee's finances, 1885 151 volumes had been added. Sixty- four journals were now received, 36 American and 28 foreign, 43 of the number being obtained by subscription^ 20 in exchange and i by donation. The Publication Committee reported amount spent for pub- lishing during the year as $351.75. The Committee on Nurses' Directory reported that but little progress had been made, notwithstanding advertisement during the year in the daily press, by postal cards and by cir- cular. Still the institution had been maintained without debt, and a cash balance remained in the treasury of $33.53. Sixty- one nurses were on the registry, including one wet nurse. From the report of a committee appointed "to draft a law restricting the sale of patent drugs," of which Dr. G. Halsted Boyland was chairman, it appears that there was at this time "no law existing in the State of Maryland, either requiring apothecaries to keep a record of sales of poisonous drugs, or placing any restriction whatever upon such sales, either by them, or the sale of laudanum by grocers, which we are in- formed upon good authority is also done." A very important and enlightened report was presented by a committee, consisting of Drs. Rohe and John M'orris, who had been appointed at the 1884 meeting, "to take into consideration and report what, if any, specific action can be taken upon the recommendations made in the President's address [Prof. R. McSherry] bearing upon the relations of the medical profession to certain sanitary needs of the commun- ity." The subjects mentioned as requiring attention at the time were a sanitary survey of the State, to be carried out under the direction of the State Board of Health, the pollution of streams, the adulteration of food and medicines, the secur- ing of representative and respectable incumbents of medical 194 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY positions in tlie service of city and State, the appointment of medical inspectors of schools, and the investigation and restric- 1885 tion of the social evil. For the supervision of these and other in- terests the committee recommended the appointment of "a Spe- cial Committee on Public Hygiene which shall be the medium of this Faculty in its intercourse with the public or its legal rep- resentatives." The committee further recommended that only the power of preliminary action be granted to the special com- mittee, and that in no case shall it have final power to act until its conclusions have been approved by the Faculty at a special meeting. This recommendation was adopted, and Drs. Rohe, E. G. Waters and J. C. Thomas were appointed. The following has a mournful interest, as showing the col- lapse of an effort worthy of a better end. On calling for the report of the Trustees of the Building Fund, "the Trustees were, at the request of the chairman. Dr. H. P. C. Wilson, Jr., discharged." An amendment to the Constitution was adopted, changing the word "gentleman" to "person." In conformity with the recommendation of the Library Committee, it was directed that the Treasurer should "deliver to the chairman of the Library Committee, at the end of each quarter, one-half of the dues of members received by him dur- ing the quarter." A communication from the New Jersey State Medical So- ciety, on "Preliminary Education," was laid on the table. It was resolved "That a committee of five be appointed by the President to memorialize the next Legislature in regard to the passage of a bill to regulate the practice of medicine in the State of Maryland, provided they report to the Faculty before appearing before the Legislature." 19s MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Williams called attention to the desirability of the build- 1885 ing in which the convention was being held as a permanent library and general meeting room, and a resolution was adopted that it was expedient to move into the same, provided the expense did not exceed $600. The address of the President, Dr. Latimer, was upon "The Origin and Diffusion of Cholera." A committee of three was appointed to consider and report upon that portion of the ad- dress relating to hygienic precautions against cholera, with the view of using the influence of the Society for the protection of the community. The Society was again fortunate in having Prof. H. Newell Martin to deliver the annual address. He chose for his subject this time "The Study of the Physiological Action of Drugs," or Pharmacology. This paper is characterized by force and eloquence, and I cannot but think that our Society was highly favored in having so many contributions from him. Of Phar- macology, that branch of science which is concerned with the action of drugs on the healthy body, he says : "I believe it is destined in the near future to acquire an importance in regard to therapeutics which is not yet properly appreciated. * * * There are at present a small number of laboratories devoted en- tirely to such work on the continent of Europe ; not one, I think, in the United States." He traced in detail the history of amyl nitrite, the use of which in angina pectoris we owe directly to experiments on animals. Then followed an eloquent defense of vivisection. Among reports and papers, Dr. L. Ernest Neale described and illustrated "a new axis-traction forceps" of his own inven- tion, combining the Simpson and Tarnier forceps in one. Cocaine took up much attention, being discussed in papers by Drs. R. W. Johnson, Morris, Cordell, Donaldson, Sr., and 196 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Harlan. The experience of Dr. Chisolm was much quoted in this connection. Sanitary science, which had for some 1885 years been receiving an increased share of attention, had three papers devoted to it; Dr. W. Chew Van Bibber wrote on travel as a tonic; Dr. Rohe advocated burial of the dead, which led to a discussion on the merits of cremation and burial, the majority favoring the former; Dr. J. C. Thomas urged the importance of the teaching of sanitary science in the schools. Dr. Conrad sharply arraigned the pro- fession for its ignorance of psychology, and urged that it be made a compulsory branch of medical instruction. Dr. R. Winslow reported six cases of penetrating gunshot wounds of the abdomen ; Dr. Piatt, a case of amputation of an hypertro- phied clitoris, five and three-fourths inches long and eight inches in circumference (exactly the size of one removed ten years earlier by Prof. Wm. T. Howard) ; Dr. F. Donaldson, Jr., reported a case of hard chancre of the tonsil, and Dr. Mackenzie had a paper on hay asthma. 1886. The Faculty was convened in special session on the first of February to receive the reports of the Committee to Draft a Law to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in Mary- land, and the Committee on Public Hygiene. The former committee, consisting of Dr. John Morris, chairman, and Drs. Michael, Rohe, Richard Thomas and R. Winslow, read the draft of a proposed bill to be submitted to the Legislature. After various alterations and amendments, it was adopted ill toto and the committee was authorized to present it to the Legislature. Dr. Rohe, of the Committee on Public Hygiene, announced tliat several bills were pending before the Legisla- ture bearing on the subjects considered by the committee, and 197 1886 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY spoke in an encouraging manner of the consideration shown by 1886 the members of the Legislature. The second section of the Medical Practice Bill, which was published in full in the Transactions of 1886, pp. 13-17, provides for a State Board of Medical Examiners, five of whom should be appointed by the M'edical and Chirurgi- cal Faculty and two by the Homoeopathic M'edical So- ciety of the State. All practitioners were required to go before this Board, those having diplomas for the purpose of having the same verified, whereupon they were to be entitled to a license to practice; those without diplomas to stand an examination before receiving a license. Penalties were pro- nounced against those violating the law. Practitioners of five years' standing were exempt from its provisions. The bill was duly placed in the hands of the Senate Committee at Annapolis. Certain amendments were suggested by members of the Senate and one by the Homoeopathic Institute of Mary- land. A meeting to reconsider this bill was held on ]March 5. A long and animated discussion then took place, at the close of which the chairman of the committee moved that the Fac- ulty disapprove of the bill, which was adopted by a vote of 24 to 6 (there being 34 present), whereupon the committee w^as discharged. The annual meeting of 1886 was held in the Athenaeum Building, the lower floor of which had been rented by the Executive Committee in accordance with the resolution adopted by the Faculty at the last annual meeting. Accord- ing to the financial report, the expense of removal and fur- nishing rooms was $307.60. This had been taken from the building fund of $500, which had thus been reduced to $192.40. 198 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The total expenses of the year had been $1769.79, leaving a deficiency of $141.50 to be met. 1886 The suite of rooms that had now been secured by the Fac- ulty seemed admirably adapted for its purposes, and was cer- tainly far superior to anything it had hitherto possessed. At last we seemed to have secured a permanent resting place for our wandering feet. The situation was central, and three lines of street cars, at the distance of but one square, com- municated with all parts of the city. The locality was as free from noise as any in that section of the city. Being on the level of the street, the rooms were readily accessible with- out any climbing of stairs. The main room was a large and handsome hall, capable of seating comfortably several hundred persons. It was surrounded on all sides by glass- covered cases, constructed at great expense for the use of the Mercantile Library Association, which had formerly occupied these quarters. A gallery likewise extended around the room, and this contained a second series of similar cases. These cases afforded shelving for from 40,000 to 50,000 volumes. There were two other rooms, the smaller of which served as a storage and committee room; for the larger no other use was found except the annual exhibition of drugs and instruments, w^hich now became a feature of our annual meet- ings, and at the same time a new source of revenue to the Society. A fourth room was allowed us shortly after our occupation, which was devoted to duplicate books and jour- nals, which were arranged on shelves in alphabetical order. A double card catalogue was soon completed. The pam- phlets were arranged alphabetically, and even the odd and incomplete journals were arranged so as to be readily found if wanted. There were closets for valuables and relics. The current journals were displayed on tables. Thus the entire 199 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY collection was available in every part to those wishing to con- 1886 suit it. Our accommodations were far greater than we could use, and would serve us for many years to come. There seemed to be no reasonable desire or want that was not or could not be met there, with one exception, and that exception was a large available fund for the purchase of new books. For this we had to wait until the man appeared who possessed the rare faculty of providing a sufficiency of means from profes- sional and other sources. This much, however, I think, can be said of the library at this time : that there never was a simi- lar collection which was so completely at the service of its owners as this, and what it lacked in completeness and size it made up, as far as was possible, by the utility and accessi- bility of such resources as it possessed. The local societies readily joined in the occupation of such an elegant hall. The A'ledical Association, Academy of Medi- cine and Clinical Society paid an annual rent of $350, whilst the Academy of Sciences paid $100. The annual meetings were attended by crowds of members, the rooms were visited by numerous readers, the proceedings were of the highest interest, and the contributions of great value. Indeed, the Society seemed to its well-wishers to have reached the high- water mark of prosperity. Arrangements were made for the loan of books from the National Library, the P" acuity becoming responsible for their safe return, the only limitation being that they were not to be removed from the room. The expense of expressage to and from Washington was borne by the members ordering them. The good results o'f the securing of better quarters, and con- sequent more complete protection and preservation of books and other valuable material, were also seen in the large growth of the library during the first year of its sojourn in its new 200 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY home. No less than 830 volumes were added during the year, increasing the total to 5000. Many of the accessions were 1886 from the library of the late Dr. John Buckler, which was sold at public auction. The books of this valuable collection went for almost nothing, and the librarian persuaded many of the friends of the library to attend the sale and purchase many of the books, several hundred in number, for our library. Many volumes were also added by exchange. At this time we began to receive, in large number, the theses from foreign universi- ties. Yet, nothwithstanding all that was done for the up- building of the library, the committee had received only the insignificant sum of $547.02, including receipts from sales, fines, etc. This amount was $100 less than that to which it was entitled by the express appropriation of the Society and the provisions of the Constitution. Is it surprising to learn that it was only by individual effort and enthusiasm that such remarkable results were being accomplished? The following quotations from the Library Committee's report show the embarrassment under which it labored : "The failure to secure its proper revenues has obliged the committee to restrict its expenses to matters of vital importance. * * * It is dififi- cult to see how a library, such as it is the desire of the Faculty to have under its control, can be successfully conducted upon the very small and inadequate amount now appropriated to it." The Committee on Directory for Nurses made a very dis- couraging report. The Directory was less flourishing than a few months after it was started, and the committee complained of "the absolute indifference or open hostility of the Faculty and the profession to it." Yet sixty-five nurses were regis- tered, and the institution was without any debts. As the committee seemed to have exhausted its resources and to be desirous of turning over the Director}^ to other hands, it was 201 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY transferred to the Woman's Medical College and placed under 1886 the care of a committee of the Faculty of that institution. On the twenty-eighth of April, 1883, the following resolu- tion, offered by Dr. Gundry, had been unanimously adopted : "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by this Faculty to represent to the Legislature of Maryland the urgent need of an institution for the care and education of feeble- minded and imbecile children." At the end of three years this committee reported its efforts and failure in the following words ; " * * * They prepared and caused to be presented to the General Assembly a memorial setting forth the claims of this unfortunate class of human beings upon the care and protection of the State, and a bill to establish such an institution was introduced by Mr. Leo P. Thom, a member o'f the House of Delegates from Baltimore City, which members of your committee were called before the Committee of Ways a,nd Means to explain and sup- port. The bill passed the House of Delegates without much opposition. It provided for the establishment of an institu- tion for the care and training of idiotic and feeble-minded youth, upon grounds to be selected by the Board of Public Works, and made appropriation for the erection and support of the proposed institution for the ensuing two years. Unfor- tunately, the bill failed to pass the Senate, and your committee regret, therefore, to say this most unfortunate class of beings remain in Maryland outcasts from public sympathy and the most terrible burthens upon the families to which they belong. Discouraged by repeated failures, your committee report their firm conviction of the efficacy of the methods adopted in insti- tutions established in other States for the training of these sadly neglected beings, and their deep regret that Maryland should still hesitate in doing that justice to these, 'the weakest 202 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of our brethren,' that she so freely accords to the other defec- tive classes within her borders — the insane, the blind and the 1886 deaf and dumb." The most important report of this session was that of a com- mittee (appointed May 9, 1882) to draft a law relating to the supervision of the interests of the insane of Maryland. The labors of this committee had been long and arduous, and, unlike those of that just spoken of, they had been crowned with complete and most gratifying success. Extensive cor- respondence had been carried on with philanthropists and alien- ists, a.nd examination into similar legislation in twenty-two other States had been made. A bill had then been drafted and submitted to eminent legal counsel, who had spent two weeks in revising and molding it into proper legal form. As revised, the bill had then been brought before the Faculty (March 5, 1884,) and adopted, and the committee had been requested to lay it before the General Assembly and use all honorable means to secure its passage. Few changes were made during its consideration by the two branches of the Legislature, and it was passed and received the Governor's approval April 7, 1886, being entitled "Chapter 487. An Act to add Additional Sections to Article 58 of the Code of Public General Laws, entitled 'Lunatics and Insane.' " On the completion of their report the committee were thanked in resolutions "for the zeal and fidelity with which they have discharged the im- portant duties assigned them," and congratulated on "the emi- nently successful termination of their long and arduous labors." The names of the committee deserving this high praise were Drs. John S. Conrad, chairman; Thomas S. Lati- mer, Richard Gundry, G. Lane Taneyhill, James Carey Thomas and John Morris. The points in the bill to which the committee allude as especially an advance upon the previ- 203 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ous legislation are : Commitment of the insane, privileges of 1886 free correspondence, visitation by a competent authority, cer- tificate of insanity, licensing of corporations, almshouses and persons receiving the insane for pay, etc. The presidential address, by Dr. John R. Ouinan, dealt v^ith "The Chartered Right of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland to Exact Licenses to Practice in this State," and has already been referred to in connection with the lost privi- lege in 1839. Dr. Quinan contended that the rights conferred by the charter in 1799 were inalienable, being solemnly guar- anteed by the Legislature forever, unless forfeited by abuse or voluntary abandonment. He pointed out that by the Consti- tution of the United States and by the Bill of Rights of Mary- land, charters are sacred. The only law passed by the Legis- lature conflicting with the charter was that of 1838, entitled "An Act to Authorize Thomsonians or Botanic Physicians to Charge and Receive Compensation for their Services and Medi- cine," but which in the body of it does not name this class of practitioners at all, the language being, "It may and shall be lawful for each and every person, being a citizen of this State, to charge and receive compensation for their services and medicine, in the same manner as physicians are now permitted to do." Even if this Act were not otherwise null and void, for the reasons already stated, it can apply only to Thomson- ians, since it is well settled by the law of the State that an Act is construed by its title and confers no right except that ex- pressed in the title, or to those mentioned in it, and as far as "Thomsonians or botanic physicians" were concerned, there were none in existence to benefit by it. Dr. Quinan presented with his address the written opinion of two gentlemen of the law, of the highest standing and ability, confirming, "after a full and deliberate examination of all the legislative and judi- 204 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cial decisions bearing on the question, " the views he had ex- pressed. He concludes that "the Act of 1798 is to-day the lav/ 1886 of the State and can be enforced as such." One would suppose that such an exhaustive review of this whole subject, backed as it was by legal opinion, would be received with the greatest interest and lead to immediate action to recover the privilege so long supposed to be irretrievably lost. It is true the address was referred to a committee of three (Drs. Quinan, Waters and B. B. Browne) to consider and report on. The final disposition of the matter will appear later on. It may be mentioned here that the Baltimore Sun, in an editorial on the address (April 28) does not consider the mat- ter so readily disposed of, but regards the law of 1838 as "a real difficulty in the enforcement of the charter," and con- cludes : "Most persons will be inclined to regard the address rather as an exceedingly entertaining, though somewhat ghostly, contribution to medical literature than as a thing of fearful substance fortified by law." This opinion, emanating as it probably did from Mr. Thomas W. Hall, the legal editor of the paper and a deeply learned lawyer, nO' doubt had much to do with the indifference with which Dr. Quinan's views were received. The minutes show that thirteen names were added to the list of members at this meeting. The Secretary laid before the Faculty a copy of "An Act to Establish a State Board of Medical Examiners and Licensers," emanating from the American Medical Association, which, on motion of Dr. Gundry, was referred to a committee having charge of legal matters. An amendment to the Constitution with reference to resig- nations was passed, viz : "All resignations must be sent to the 205 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Corresponding Secretary, and can be accepted only by the 1886 Faculty at any meeting except a memorial meeting." It was provided that keys of the library room should be fur- nished by the Library Committee to such members as, desired them, in order that easy access might be had to the room at any hour of the day. For this privilege an annual deposit of $i was to be made with the librarian. The meeting closed with a brief address by the President, which concluded with these words : "Brethren, while I am warned by the increasing infirmities of age that I cannot much longer enjoy the privilege of participating in your meetings, I do hope that my span of life may be extended to see this venerable Faculty in the full possession of its ancient vested rights as the legal protector of the sanitary welfare of the peo- ple of Maryland, and as the uncompromising foe of charlatan- ism and quackery." There never breathed a truer or warmer soul than John R. Quinan, or one more entirely devoted to the best interests of this Faculty and the profession. The annual address was delivered by the distinguished civil engineer, Col. George E. Waring, Jr., of Newport, R. I., who spoke of "The Removal and Destruction of Organic Wastes," upon which he was an expert authority. His address, there- fore, is one of the most valuable papers that has been read be- fore the Society, and one reads it now with a mournful interest in view of the recent untimely death of the gifted author. The usual number of valuable reports and papers upon vari- ous subjects was presented. I may be pardoned for singling out among these one on puerperal eclampsia, by Professor Miltenberger, since it embodies the experience of one of the foremost obstetrical teachers and practitioners in America. A series of special meetings was held during the ensuing summer and fall to consider the legal points growing out of 206 PHILIP THOMAS 1747-1815. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Ouinan's address on the charter right of license. The committee presented its report on July 20, endorsing the 1886 opinion of the President as "correct and unassailable." A case was quoted in which Judge Martin, in the Court of Com- mon Pleas, gave judgment for a Thomsonian practitioner, who was suing for a bill under the law of 1838. At the same time the Judge had stated that all other practitioners in the State were compelled by law to take out licenses. The com- mittee was further of the opinion that if the constitutionality of the law of 1838 had been tested in the courts, that law would have been declared null and void. The committee therefore suggested that judicial proceedings be instituted forthwith against all quacks, and that notices be sent to physicians throughout the State not licensed already, requiring them to procure the same, those holding diplomas by exhibiting these, and those without diplomas by submitting to examination. After prolonged discussion it was resolved to obtain the opin- ion of the Attorney-General of the State "as to the feasibility of execution of the charter," and the Board of Examiners was requested to discharge this duty. In due time the chairman of the board. Dr. Charles H. Jones, reported that the duty had been performed, and that a reply had been received from the Attorney-General to the effect that it was beyond the scope of his authority to give an official opinion as to the question pro- pounded. There was much difference of opinion as to the proper method of enforcing the charter among those who favored that measure, and as to the failure to secure the opinion of the State law officer, so that the matter dragged very much, and at the meeting at which it was finally disposed of, held January 6, 1887, "much apathy in regard to the favorable con- sideration of the subject was exhibited by the members, some leaving the hall," so that the final action was a resolution "that 14 207 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the communication from the Board of Medical Examiners ad- 1886 dressed to the Attorney-General of Maryland, referring to the legal rights of this Faculty, together with the reply received from that officer, be placed among the archives of the Faculty and that the matter be now ended." Among those who were in favor of taking action to revive the charter were the commit- tee — Drs. Quinan, Waters and Browne — and Drs. Evans, Wil- liams, Winslow and Ashby; among those who opposed such action, apparently solely on the ground of its inexpediency, were the President, Dr. Miltenberger, and Drs. I. E. Atkinson, Tif- fany, J. C. Thomas, Gundry, Latimer, C. Johnston, Brune, Michael, Coskery and Lynch. 1887. The eighty-ninth session was held at the hall, corner 1887 of St. Paul and Saratoga Streets, commencing April 26, with III members in attendance at the opening. The large attend- ance at this meeting is noticeable; on the second day, at the delivery of the President's address, there were 312, and on the third day 172. The Treasurer reported total expenses $2043.53, which was $276.27 in excess of the receipts. The local societies were paying an annual rental of $450. A tele- phone had been placed in the hall. The Library Committee had received, for the first time, the amount by law due it ; the total amount received by the committee was $537.31. There had been an increase in the library of 882 volumes, the total number now being 5882, of which 680 were duplicates. There were 3173 pamphlets. The largest donor of the year had been Dr. F. Donaldson, 138 volumes. By exchange 134 volumes had been added, and only 7 by purchase. Theses had been received in exchange from five German and one Dutch uni- versity. The journals numbered 74. The writer of this volume takes the liberty of making a per- sonal allusion here to himself, for which he hopes he may be 208 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY pardoned. At this time he withdrew from the position of Hbrarian, after a service of seven years. His withdrawal was 1887 involuntary, and was due to his unwillingness to assume the role of Registrar of the Nurses' Directory, which a member of the Library Committee, now deceased, insisted upon. His rea- sons for this refusal were : ( i ) He thought that the new duties would conflict with those of librarian and with the welfare of the library, which demanded all the time at his disposal ; (2) he felt it derogatory to his professional position to become a Registrar of a Nurses' Directory. How he had discharged his duties during the seven years, the reports of the Library Committee during that period will show. His whole heart and soul were in the work, to which he gave his time and means during the best years of his life without stint. During that period the number of volumes had increased from 2224 to 5882, and the journals from 28 to 74. Most of the former additions were the result of personal effort. Sets of journals, transactions, reports, etc., had been completed or largely added to. Many pictures, relics, and 3173 pamphlets had been col- lected. There was a complete double card catalogue, and everything in the library was systematically arranged and readily available. The annual reports will show how inade- quate were the resources of the Faculty during these years for the maintenance of its library. Had it not been for the per- sonal efforts and sacrifices of members, the work would soon have come to a standstill. The miscellaneous business of the meeting embraced the following: A proposition to abolish the sections was lost. A committee of twenty was appointed to solicit subscriptions to assist in defraying the expenses of the Ninth International Congress, which was to be held in Washington in September, 1887. Ten names were added to the membership. 209 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The President closed the meeting with a few remarks, from 1887 which I c|uote the following : "1 do not remember a single year during my long connection with this time-honored Faculty in which its meetings have been so enjoyable, so instructive, so well attended. I believe this Faculty is on the road to greater success." The address of the President, Dr. Miltenberger, was a schol- arly and eloquent oration on the contemporary position of medicine and the profession. The annual address, on "Modes of Infection," was delivered by Prof. William H. Welch. The most important discoveries in recent times, he said, had been made in bacteriology. The germ theory was no longer a theory; no one competent to form an opinion doubted that certain infectious diseases were caused by micro-organisms. The terms "contagious," "mias- matic-contagious" and "miasmatic" were discussed and criti- cised as no longer adequate. The spread of cholera and typhoid fever was particularly elaborated, and it was claimed that the contagia emitted in these were in just as active a state as those of smallpox and scarlet fever. Every infectious disease may be transmitted artificially from individual to individual. Frequency of communication depends upon the channel of elimination. If, as in malaria, the virus is not discharged from the body, there is no communication. If the virus is dis- charged only in fseces, as in typhoid fever and cholera, con- tagion is possible, but not likely. If the virus be eliminated by the skin, and adhere to scales of epidermis floating into the atmosphere, as in smallpox, contagion will be common. It seems improbable that micro-organisms can be conveyed from the body by the breath. The life of organisms outside the body, as spores or in the completely developed state, was con- sidered as fully as the knowledge of the subject permitted. The agency of predisposition, heredity, preexisting disease, soil, 2IO MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY drinking water, milk, food, actual contact, the breath, excre- tions, etc., was treated in a masterly manner, and in the full 1887 light of the investigations made up to that time. Attention was directed to the agency of flies and other insects in the transmission of disease, a matter that is now attracting so much attention. Dr. Welch concluded with these words : "We are only upon the threshold of a deeper insight into the nature of a class of diseases which have been more devastating to the human race than any upheavals of nature, or any wars. They have left their imprint upon the political, the social and the intellectual history of the world. One need not be of a very sanguine temperament to hope that our steadily increasing knowledge will bear fruit, not only as in the past, in the pre- vention of these diseases, but also in a rational system of causal therapeutics." Nine papers and reports follow the addresses in the Trans- actions. 1888. The ninetieth annual meeting was held at the St. Paul Street hall, commencing April 24, the attendance being 1888 large, varying from 176 to 213. The Treasurer reported a deficit of $243.49, but Dr. Michael, at the request of the Ex- ecutive Committee, had succeeded, by personal solicitation, in securing $145 of this amount by private subscription, and Dr. Taneyhill, the Recording Secretary, through a pharmaceutical exhibit, which he had gotten up in the large room adjoining the hall of meeting, had turned into the treasury the net profit of the same, amounting to $125. These sums were most timely and welcome, and reflected great credit on the zeal and perse- verance of those gentlemen. The amount received from socie- ties renting the hall had fallen to $331.25, a loss of over $100. This loss was due to the disbandment of the Academy of Medi- cine and the relinquishment of the rooms by the Academy of 211 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Sciences. Contributions had been made to the expenses of 1888 the International Medical Congress of $175. The Library- Committee had received $558, a larger amount than usual. There had been additions to the library of 196 volumes, mak- ing the total 6078. The Nurses' Directory was now located in the hall and under care of the librarian, who reported 64 nurses enrolled, viz : 55 female and 9 male. The number of calls had largely increased, and demands from various portions of Maryland and adjoining States had been received and sup- plied. There were five massage nurses on the lists. The total income for the year, $151.82, had been larger than in any previous year, and there was a balance of $3.57. "The pro- fession and public have begun to recognize the importance of obtaining the services of well-trained nurses in all cases of sickness." Miscellany : Dr. Gundry reported that the committee, of which he was chairman, appointed to petition the Legislature to pass a law establishing an institution for feeble-minded chil- dren in Maryland, had succeeded in its efforts. On motion of Dr. Ashby, a committee of nine was appointed to endeavor to increase the membership of the Faculty. On motion of Dr. Rohe, two copies of the Index Medicus were ordered to be procured for the library. The additions to the membership amounted to thirteen. The Presidential address, by Dr. I. E. Atkinson, was devoted to "Medical Charities," and the annual address, by Dr. Rich- ard Gundry, was upon "Some Problems of Mental Action." Dr. Atkinson brought forward statistics which showed that "the aggregate number of free hospital beds in Baltimore [888, including 365 in Bayview Asylum] does not bear such a very small proportion to that of other large cities ; but in their equipment, in the facilities afforded for the treatment of dis- ease and injury, their deficiencies become lamentably evident 212 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY upon comparison." The splendid service of the Johns Hop- kins Hospital, with its 120 beds, was then a thing of the near 1888 future, to which all were looking forward with hope and con- fidence. Dr. Gundry's paper is a scholarly and learned one, showing a wide range of reading and observation, and written in the best style and in the best English. Dr. L. Ernest Neale reported a case of Csesarean section and Dr. J. H. Branham one of complete excision of the larynx. The number of papers in the volume, including those named, is eighteen. 1889. The annual meeting was convened at the hall, St. i889 Paul and Saratoga Streets, on April 23, 211 members being present. The debt had been reduced to $94.91. The receipts from societies renting the hall, including the use of telephone, were reduced to $267.25. The Library Committee had received $649.64 ($51.40 being from the Nurses' Directory), which was the largest amount ever received by the committee; 396 vol- umes had been added, making the total 6474. There were 3713 pamphlets. Thirty subscriptions of $5 each had been received from members for the purchase of new books. With this fund a number of new works had been purchased, making a valuable acquisition to the resources of the library. It will thus be seen that the committee had had at its command about $800. Nine new members were added to the list at this meeting. The Committee on Increase of Membership presented a report through its chairman, Dr. Ashby. It noted that during the previous ten years the losses had about equaled the gains, so that whilst in 1879 there had been 198 members, in 1889 there were only 209. Furthermore, whilst the profession in the State, outside of Baltimore, about twice outnumbered the profession of the city, the great majority of members was 213 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY from the city (172 city, 37 country). Considering the causes 1889 of this disparity, the committee found them in the excessive charges for membership and dues, $10 being required for the former at the time of entrance and $8 annually thereafter for the latter. A reduction was therefore recommended to $5 per annum for city members and $2 for country members. To enlist a heartier cooperation among country members, a semi- annual meeting was suggested in some one of the county seats of the State. These suggestions were adopted, with the pro- viso that they were not to go into efifect until April, 1890. The addresses were that by Dr. John Morris, Presi- ' dent, on "Crime: Its Physiology and Pathogenesis — How Far can Medical Men Aid in its Prevention?" and the annual ad- dress by Professor Osier, on "The License to Practice." The former was a scholarly essay, brimful of learning and wit. Dr. Osier's theme was the burning question of the hour, for upon it depended the advance of medical education and the elevation of the standard of attainments in the profession ; nay, more, the lives and health of the people at large demanded protection against the dangers of ignorance and quackery. But the profession is not a unit, and we have no right to expect Legislatures to recognize us to the exclusion of other classes of practitioners. In the eyes of the law we all stand equal, and the sooner we realize this the better for us. There were three courses, according to Dr. Osier, open : (i) The prevailing one, in which the college is the sole judge of the fitness of candidates ; (2) a State Board to examine all candi- dates, whether holding diplomas or not; (3) the organization of physicians in each State and the appointment of representa- tives by each to a central parliament, having full control of all questions relating to medical education, examination and reg- istration. Under the first;, which has been tried and found 214 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY wanting, the chartered corporations controlHng the profession are wholly irresponsible, without supervision by the State, the 1889 profession or the public. Under this system a large percent- age o'f doctors are still graduated annually, after only two ses- sions of study, or eighteen months in all — eighteen months in which to master one of the highest, as it certainly is one of the most difficult, of the professions. There are sent out now, year by year, scores of men called doctors, who have never attended a case of labor, who are utterly ignorant of everyday diseases, who have never seen the inside of a hospital ward. But the handwriting is on the wall, and within ten years in scarcely a State will the degree carry with lit the privilege of registration. The second plan was a decided improvement, and was already working well in several States. But Dr. Osier thought the Examining Board should be elective by the pro- fession, and that its duties should be extended to embrace pre- liminary education, examination and registration of candidates for the license, and the control of all matters relating to dis- cipline in the profession. The examiners at the preliminary test should be teachers, not doctors. It is not necessary or expedient to limit the examiners for license to those outside the schools, and in some of the more scientific departments it would be impossible to fill positions from outsiders. This plan was illustrated and successfully carried on in the Province of Canada^ where in 1865-66 the profession became incorporated, and has ever since exercised the threefold prerogative above mentioned, and today the entire profession of the Province is proud of its Board. The latter possesses a magnificent build- ing, where examinations are conducted, and where there are offices for registration and rooms for a library. Among the twenty papers which followed the reading of the addresses, Dr. Coskery reported a case of abscess of the brain, 21; MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY for which the skull was trephined ; Dr. Jay, one of entire ex- 1889 section of the ulna, with resection of the humerus and radius ; Dr. Welch read a paper on "Hydrophobia," and Dr. Chris- topher Johnston one on "Microscopy," etc. The semi-annual meetings were resumed in the following fall, one being held at Hagerstown, November 12 and 13. The address of welcome was delivered by Dr. A. S. Mason and gracefully responded to by the President, Dr. A. Friedenwald, who said, among other things, that the meeting "had for its purpose the inauguration of a new era in its history, looking to the consummation of more intimate relations and a closer bond of fellowship between the medical practitioners residing in the various districts of the State." In point of attendance and work done this meeting seems to have been one of the most successful of the semi-annual meetings in the history of the Faculty, "one calculated to restore the Faculty to its pris- tine usefulness" (Report of Executive Committee, 1890). The profession of Washington County received the Society with open arms, and realizing the benefit of organization for itself also, founded a local society in Hagerstown. "The meeting at Hagerstown [continues the report] demonstrated most con- clusively to your Committee that the semi-annual meeting is a most important feature of this organization, and should be perpetuated at every hazard. As a means of enlisting the interest of the profession of the State in the work of this Fac- ulty it is simply indispensable. It presents the most ample opportunity for communication and intercourse between the profession of the State and of the city, by bringing them together upon terms of self-interest and of individual contact. Good will then result to the country practitioner and to his city brother by a better understanding and appreciation of their respective points of culture and professional training. Both classes will be stimulated to better work and to more harmo- 216 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY nious action in professional organizations." The names of twenty-eight physicians from the western part of the State were recorded as in attendance, besides those from Baltimore, and papers were read by Drs. R. W. Johnson, Michael, Wm. Lee, Canfield, Joseph T. Smith, Winslow, Ashby, Preston, Earle and Chisolm. 1890. The annual meeting was convened at the Athenaeum Building, April 22, there being 213 physicians present at the opening. After prayer the President, Dr. Friedenwald, deliv- ered his address on "The Modern Hospital," the subject being suggested by the completion of the Johns Hopkins and City Hospitals during the year. The annual oration was delivered by Dr. Joseph Tabor Johnson, of Washington, D. C, in the presence of 327 physi- cians. His subject was "The Importance, the Alarming Fre- quency, the Wickedness, and Some of the Effects of Procured Abortion." The growth o'f this alarming evil, the importance of which overshadows the other questions of the day, was pointed out. In some States the native population is dying out, and legislators Tiave found it necessary to investigate the causes of this depopulation. As far back as 1857 the American Medical Association appointed a committee to report upon criminal abortion, with a view to its suppression. The crime is unlimited in its scope, and there are facts to prove it is largeh' more prevalent in American than European cities. The coun- try districts are not far behind the cities in their destruction of foetal life. Those who practice this nefarious business are everywhere known, indeed achieve a widespread fame, yet it is the universal experience that they are scarcely ever con- victed. It is only in case of the death of the mother by some bungler that the indignation of the virtuous public and the 217 1890 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY majesty of the violated law are aroused. Nor is it the bad 1890 elements of society who submit to the operation. The best women in the land resort to it, and many who would be shocked at the idea after quickening, hold it to be justifiable prior to that event ; yet a life is involved in either case. The law even makes a distinction between the periods of preg- nancy, pronouncing it only a misdemeanor before, but a felony after quickening. The address concluded with an enumera- tion of the ill effects upon the morals and physical well being of those engaged in the nefarious practice, and an exhortation to physicians to use their influence and opportunities for its prevention. F'rom the Treasurer's report we note a still further falling off in the rent received from the societies, but the energetic Secretary, Dr. Taneyhill, was able to turn over at this meet- ing, as the result of the pharmaceutical exhibit, the handsome net sum of $145. The State Veterinary Society had become a tenant of the hall at an annual rental of $50, and the rent of the Baltimore Medical Association, owing to its inability to pay, had been reduced to the same amount. The Library Committee had received during the year $626.17 in all, including $46 from Nurses' Directory. By the appointment of an assistant librarian the committee had been enabled to keep the library open from 12 m. to 7 p. m. daily, an arrangement which had given great satisfaction to those members making frequent use of the collection. Two hundred and forty-six volumes had been added, making the total number now 6720 ; 100 volumes of journals had been bound and the same number of journals were regularly received. The report on Nurses' Directory (now under charge of the Library Commiittee) showed increased confidence in and appreciation of the work of the Directory among physicians and laymen. 218 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Although the receipts had fallen off and the number of nurses was smaller than previously, the standard had been consid- 1890 erably elevated, many indifferent ones having been gotten rid of, and others who had been trained in school and hospital substituted. Ninety-two names were added to the membership of the Society through the energetic efforts of the Committee on In- creasing Membership, aided by the lowering of the member- ship fee and annual dues, which had been effected at the pre- vious meeting. The large attendance at the daily sessions was a feature of the session, being 213, 327, 290 and 209, respectively, for the four days. On the evening of the third day the city members entertained the members from the counties with a banquet in the assembly hall. At a special meeting held on the third day action was taken upon charges preferred against Dr. J. H. De Wolf, who was, upon a report from the Committee on Ethics sustaining the charges, expelled from the Society. A communication from the American Medical Association, on "Uniform Medical Legislation in the United States," was read by the Secretary, and on his motion was referred to the Executive Committee with discretionary power. On motion of Dr. I. E. Atkinson, the following was adopted : "Whereas, An effort is being made, with a reasonable ex- pectation of success^ to establish in Patterson Park a botanical garden, which, as an educational and ornamental feature of per- manent improvement, will be most desirable; '^Resolved, That this Faculty, recognizing the science of botany in its important relation to the medical sciences, heartily favor the effort, and hereby endorse its importance as a valu- able aid in medicine and pharmacy." Thirteen papers followed the reading of the addresses. 219 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The semi-annual meeting was held at Cambridge, Dorches- 1890 ter County, November ii and 12. The Society was welcomed by the venerable Dr. Alexander H. Bayly, who acknowledged in fitting terms the appreciation of himself and colleagues of the compliment conferred in the selection of that city for "the first meeting of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty ever held on the Eastern Shore since its organization." The ad- mirable address of the President, Dr. Ashby, followed. Dr. Ashby spoke of "The Interests and Aims of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland." It was a handsome trib- ute to the founders of the Society, and an urgent exhortation to the profession of the State to organize thoroughly in order that they might increase their influence and power, and thus secure those advantages which other bodies have secured in that way. I make the following extract from this address, both because it will serve as a fair specimen of it, and because it conveys information of an historical event of some interest : "As a further outcome of this meeting in Hagerstown [he re- fers to the semi-annual meeting, held in November, 1889,] a convention of medical men from various sections of the State was held in the city of Baltimore on the second day of January last, and there and then determined upon an act of medical legis- lation which, with slight modifications, was passed by the Gen- eral Assembly at Annapolis. This Act has passed into the history of the profession of this State. This is not a proper place and occasion to particularize in regard to its fate. I will say here that this Faculty, as such, was in no manner responsible for the Act or for the fate which overtook it. The Act originated in the convention as above stated, and its pas- sage was urged by the almost unanimous sentiment of the profession in this State. Its death was brought about by a very small and narrow professional clique, which exercised a 220 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY very decided and malicious political power. A few men hold- ing positions of trust in the dominant political party in this 1890 State found in the Act as passed by the General Assembly no position and no emoluments for a political appointee, and its destruction was not only sought, but obtained. This medical bill asked for no State appropriation to carry its provisions into execution and to keep its machinery in motion. It under- took to 'make brick without straw,' a seemingly unwise and irrational act in the eyes of the lover of the public soup house. It asked for the entire profession of the State the right to organize a Board of Medical Examiners, composed of reputable physicians and empower this Board with the au- thority to license all physicians who might enter upon the practice of medicine in the State, subsequent to the passage of the Act. Every necessary safeguard was thrown around the applicant's interests, providing for him a judicious and impar- tial examination. The Act aimed to protect the citizens of Maryland against incompetent medical practitioners. It was unjust towards none, it was fair towards all. We may vainly speculate as to the causes which induced His Excellency to withhold his signature from this bill, but I venture to say here, that whatever may have been the motive which dictated such a course of action, the decision reached by the Chief Executive of this State was not only disappointing to a large and influen- tial body of citizens, but was a manifest and gross disrespect to the medical profession of Maryland. It is not my desire to impugn motives, or to be disrespectful towards the Gov- ernor of a great Commonwealth, who is sworn to protect the rights and interests of all classes of its citizens, but I am pre- pared to assert here that if there was anything in this Act unconstitutional or unjust, or in any way, shape or form con- 221 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY trary to tKe best interests of the citizens of Maryland, I chal- 1890 lenge the enemies of the bill to show it." So well was this address received that it was resolved to print it in pamphlet form and distribute it to every regular practi- tioner of medicine in Maryland. Eleven papers followed, all of great interest. Among opera- tions reported was one of distal ligation of the right common carotid and subclavian arteries for supposed innominate aneu- rism, with apparent cure, by Dr. R. Winslow. 1891 1 89 1. The annual meeting was held at the Athenaeum Build- ing, commencing April 28, about two hundred physicians being in attendance at the opening. An extensive programme of pro- ceedings had been published for the convenience of members. The President, Dr. Ashby, read an address on "The Relation of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty to Professional Organi- zation in Maryland." The address was framed much upon the lines of that at Chestertown, already noticed, but it contained in addition a highly interesting sketch of the early work and struggles of the Society. With regard to the most pressing claims upon the Society at that time, the speaker said : "I as- sume that any attempt to revive the legal authority conferred by the charter is as impracticable as it is ill-advised. The Faculty is not now, in my humble opinion, in a position to inau- gurate any movement looking to a renewal of its functions as a licensing body. There are other features appertaining to its work which claim more earnest consideration and demand more serious attention at this time. When these interests have been furthered, the Faculty can then, if it sees proper, advance a step forward and assert its influence in matters of medical legis- lation to far more eminent advantage. In my judgment, the most important work now before the Faculty is the work of 222 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY general organization of the medical profession in Maryland. This work implies that every effort should be made upon the 1891 part of the Faculty to enlist in its ranks and place on its roll the name of every worthy member of the regular school of medicine in Maryland. When this has been done, it will bring to its aid and purposes a material and moral force which will elevate the profession of this State to a position of usefulness and of respectability such as it has never before enjoyed. Other influences will at once flow from this result. Local medical societies in the counties and cities throughout the State will organize, professional pride and ambition will be stimulated, an interest in medical work and progress from a scientific stand- point and as a means of public advantage will increase, and not least the exercise of those courtesies and civilities which come from close professional intercourse and association will be pro- moted. A large and intelligent class of men bound by such fraternal relations as this Faculty can and should present, can- not fail to have the strongest influence over that class of men who repudiate its principles of work and ethics. The moral force and authority of thorough organization would reach beyond the limits of its own body." In the evening the Faculty reassembled with a good attend- ance, this being the first night session held for many years. Thirty-two new members were added to the roll. The Treasurer reported that, notwithstanding the large increase of membership, the expenses had exceeded the income for the year by $286.09 making, with the deficiency of the pre- vious year, a debt of $518.06. The Library Committee reported that, owing to the reduction in the annual dues, there had been a net loss in the committee's income of one-fourth. The total receipts (including $92.80 from Nurses' Directory) had been $553.24. The reduction 15 223 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY is explained by the fact that, in accordance with the rule then 1891 prevailing, new members paid no annual dues but only an initiation fee the first year, and as the Library Board had no share in the latter, no benefit accrued to it from the increased membership. In consequence of the small revenue, much em- barrassment had been experienced in the conduct of the library. Through the generosity of members, however, 307 volumes had been added during the year, making the number 7027, exclusive of 840 duplicate volumes. Eighty -two jour- nals were regularly received. The Nurses' Directory was meeting with success and the quality of nurses was much im- proved. The "masterly" annual address of Professor Welch was one of the leading features of the meeting. It dealt with the recent investigations, chiefly bacteriological — regarding diphtheria, and the bearing of these upon the pathology, prevention and treat- ment of this most dreaded of all the infectious diseases. The dis- covery of its specific germ had shed more light upon this disease than that of any other affection, perhaps with the exception of tuberculosis. After presenting the evidence of the specific agency of the Klebs-Loffler bacillus, which had been slowly brought out since its discovery in 1883, viz : its constant presence in the lesions, its isolation in pure culture, the reproduction of the disease by inoculation of pure cultures and similar distribution of the organism in the experimental and natural disease, the properties of the organism were described. Diphtheria is with- out doubt local in its origin, and the bacillus is only found in the membrane, the constitutional symptoms being due to the toxic substance which it produces. The expired breath cannot convey the organisms, but if dried they may be inhaled. They are among the most hardy of the non-spore bearing bacilli. The toxin is a non-crystallizable, non-alkaloidal, non-volatile, 224 MEDICAL AND CHIRITRGICAL FACULTY white, amorphous mass, probably proteid in character, soluble in water and of appalling potency. It is analogous to the 1891 venom of serpents. Injected in animals, it produces all the symptoms except the pseudo-membrane, the bacilli being neces- sary for this. It varies in virulence more than any pathogenic organism known, and this accounts for differences in severity of cases and epidemics of the disease. The bacillus offers a positive means of diagnosis of diphtheria. Not all pseudo^ membranous inflammations of the throat are due to it ; in those of early scarlet fever it is replaced by a streptococcus, and even in apparently primary cases it is not found. Notwithstanding some confusion, diphtheria "seems to me even now sufficiently well characterized as to its symptomatology, pathological anat- omy and etiology to constitute a definite and independent dis- ease, which need not be confounded with other diseases." It could not yet be decided whether "membranous croup" (local, non-contagious) existed independently of diphtheria. In many cases of pseudo-membranous laryngitis, the bacillus of Loffler had been found, and not only in the membrane, but on the mucous membrane of the pharynx when there was no mem- brane; in other similar cases the streptococcus alone had been found. Streptococcus and staphylococcus infection often com- plicates true diphtheria, and to this are due the broncho or aspi- ration-pneumonia, ulcerative endocarditis, suppurating glands, serous inflammations and erysipelas. The transmission of diph- theria from cats, cattle and fowls, and by the milk, was consid- ered still sub jiidice. The prevention and treatment were con- sidered in the light of the new discoveries. These included strict isolation, disinfection of room, discharges, etc., the avoid- ance of infected milk, cats, etc., prompt treatment of catarrhal conditions of throat, cleanliness of mouth and use of antiseptic 225 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY mouth washes, gargles, etc., the providing of free sunHght and 1891 air, and in the absence of any antidote, supporting measures. We were just on the eve then of the discovery of the diph- theria antitoxin, and it is interesting to read the following in Professor Welch's address : "The interesting experiments of Behring and Kitasato upon the production of immunity against tetanus and diphtheria encourage us to hope that we may in time come into the possession of direct antidotes to the chemi- cal poisons of these diseases. These experiments have shown that the blood and the blood serum of animals naturally, or ren- dered artificially, immune against diphtheria, possess the re- markable property of neutralizing or destroying the toxic sub- stances produced by bacilli diphtherise, and that immunity de- pends upon this property. The same is true of tetanus. Whether or not any therapeutic application in human beings can be successfully made of this property of the blood of im- mune animals has not yet appeared." Again : "The new light has not yet penetrated into all of the dark corners, but when we consider what has been gained in less than a decade we are justified in expecting that here also obscurity will disappear, and that diphtheria will become in all respects one of the best understood, and, we may hope, one of the most successfully combated of the grave infectious diseases." The papers and reports of the meeting were of unusual inter- est. In the Section on Obstetrics Dr. Michael read a paper on "Obstetrical Antisepsis," and gave the statistics of the Free Lying-in Hospital, where there had been 308 cases without a septic death. Bichloride of mercury was the antiseptic favored, a I- 1 000 solution for hands and genitalia and a 1-4000 solution for ante and post-partum douche. Dr. Rohe reported the details of a second hundred cases at the Maternite (his first series having been presented at the annual meeting of 1890). 226 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The total of cases treated at this hospital was 377, and in these there had been no septic death. The bichloride was also used 1891 here. Dr. William S. Gardner, from observations made at the Maternite, proved that there was no such thing as milk fever in the normal puerperium, lactation influencing to an appre- ciable extent neither pulse nor temperature. Quotations from leading text-books showed that the doctrine was therein taught. Dr. H. Newell Martin read two papers, "Recent Discoveries in the Physiology of Ganglion Cells," and "Vaso-motor Nerves of the Heart." Dr. J. C. Hemmeter read a paper on "Effects of Certain Drugs on the Velocity of the Blood Current." One of the most valuable of the reports was that of Dr. Hiram Woods, on "Blindness in the United States." A semi-annual meeting was held in the fall at Rockville, Montgomery County. The attendance was twenty-seven. The address of welcome was made by Dr. E. E. Stonestreet, on behalf of the Montgomery County Medical Society. The Presi- dent (Professor Welch) delivered an address on "The Bacillus Coli Communis." Among the local physicians who read papers were Dr. Edward Anderson, "Typhoid Fever," and Dr. Charles E. Stone, "Early Diagnosis and Operation in Osteo-sarcoma of the Lower Bones." 1892. The annual meeting was held at St. Paul and Sara- toga Streets. At the opening, April 26, there were about two hundred physicians. The volume of the year was considerably cut down in size from previous years, numbering but 124 pages, while that of the previous year numbered 397. The reason for this reduction was stated to be "scarcity of funds." All papers read before the Society were omitted except the Presi- dent's address. The annual oration, delivered on the evening of the third day by Dr. Frederick E. Lange, of New York City, 22^ 1892 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY had to be omitted, as all efforts to secure a copy of it from the 1892 author failed. Its subject was "The Pathology and Treatment of Acute Spontaneous Osteomyelitis." The reason for this curtailment appears in the Treasurer's report, which shows a deficiency that had now grown to the large sum of $959.52. This plan of publishing only the two chief addresses, the re- ports of officers and committees, and the minutes, has been continued to the present time, the funds being needed for, and as was thought better applied to, other uses. It must not be supposed that this indicates an indifference or lethargy on the part of the Society, for, as will appear, the latter has never in all its history shown such vitality and energy as during the last seven years, which have witnessed such wonderful changes and development in our ancient organization. Dr. Christopher Johnston presented to the Society bronze busts of Nathan R. Smith and John Buckler, which had be- longed to his father. A committee of five was appointed, at the request of the Secretary-General of the Pan-American Medical Congress (held in Washington, D. C, in 1893) to co- operate with that body in furthering its interests and purposes. A committee of nine was appointed to nominate seven members to constitute the Board of Medical Examiners of the State of Maryland, in accordance with the Act passed by the Legis- lature at its recent session. The names brought in by this com- mittee were Drs. Samuel T. Earle and William F. Lockwood, of Baltimore ; Dr. F. B. Smith, of Frederick ; Dr. William F. Hines, of Chestertown ; Dr. James Bordley, of Centreville ; Dr. J. McPherson Scott, of Hagerstown, and Dr. W. W. Wiley, of Cumberland. To these gentlemen was entrusted for the next four years the responsibility of inaugurating and carrying to a brilliant success this important work. How well they and their successors have discharged their duty is well known 228 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY among us, for they have reflected the highest credit upon our Society and State. They have given their time and services 1892 without reward, and have exhibited in the execution of their task intelhgence, courage and zeal of the highest order. The good work of the Committee on Increasing the Mem- bership continued, and with the aid of other members, and especially through the circular sent by the Recording Secre- tary to the 1383 regular practitioners in the State, resulted in adding to the membership 128 new names. An amendment to the Constitution was adopted giving to the support of the library one-half of all initiation fees and annual dues. Resolutions were adopted recommending to the Mayor and City Council the advisability of at once adopting some approved system of steam disinfection under pressure in place of ineffi- cient methods then in vogue, and a committee of five was ap- pointed to present the same to the city authorities. A very important action taken at this meeting was the pro- posal of amendments to the Constitution by the Executive Com- mittee doing away with the Sections. The Executive Com- mittee was increased to seven, including the Recording Secre- tary and Treasurer as ex officio members. The Committee on Programme was entrusted with the duty of procuring papers to be read at the annual and semi-annual meetings. The Treasurer's report pointed out the necessity of retrench- ment and economy. The Library Board discussed "the ham- pered condition of the finances," notwithstanding which they had been able to continue to keep the room open for six hours, with a librarian and assistant in attendance." The committee had received $519.36, or $123 less than the appropriation, the debts of the Faculty forbidding the payment of the full amount. The Nurses' Directory (under control of the com- mittee) was in a flourishing condition, having sixty-one nurses 229 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY on the roll, of whom sixteen were graduates of training schools 1892 and nine of a Maternite. The demand for nurses had exceeded the supply. Notwithstanding the general profession still re- frained from resorting to the Directory, the revenues from the latter had for some months paid the salaries of both librarians and registrar. One cannot but admire the energy and ceaseless activity of certain members at this time in behalf of the interests of the Society. They seemed to vie with each other in the effort to raise funds, to secure new recruits and to advance in every way the welfare of the organization. One of the fruits of this zeal was the receipt of $i6o at this meeting from the exhibition of drugs, etc. For that welcome aid to its resources the Society was, as in previous years, indebted to its Secretary, Dr. Taney- hill. Allusion was made in the Executive Committee's report to a reduction which had been threatened during the year in the appropriations made by Congress to the library of the Surgeon- General's office. This was considered of such importance that a special meeting of the Faculty had been called to protest against it and resolutions were adopted and mailed to the mem- bers of the Senate and House of Representatives from Mary- land. It may be added that through these and other similar exertions the misfortune of a reduction of appropriation to this great collection was averted. As has been stated, the only address published in the volume of this year was Professor Welch's, the subject of which was "The Etiology of Acute Lobar Pneumonia, considered from a Bacteriological Point of View." The subject was treated in a way similar to the address of the same physician on diphtheria, delivered at the previous annual meeting. The address had a peculiar interest for the members of the Faculty, because Dr. 230 CHARLES A. WARFIELD 1751-1813. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Sternberg, the discoverer of this bacillus, first made known his researches through this Society, at the annual meeting in 1881. 1892 Dr. Sternberg discovered the bacillus in September, 1880, at New Orleans, by inoculating rabbits with his saliva. He thus isolated a micrococcus^ "the coccus of sputum septicaemia." Three months later Pasteur found the same organism by inocu- lating the saliva of a child dead with hydrophobia into rabbits. Neither at that time knew of its relationship to pneumonia. It was reserved for Frankel, in 1886, to recognize its causal rela- tions to that disease. Of the various names applied to it by different investigators^ Dr. Welch preferred that of micrococcus lanceolatus, indicative of its oval shape, with one end more tapering than the other, like the flame of a candle. The name diplococcus pneumoniae, expressing the arrangement in pairs, is objectionable, because it is concerned in the causation of other diseases besides pneumonia, as cerebro-spinal meningitis, pleu- risy, pericarditis, peritonitis, endocarditis, nephritis, enteritis, parotitis and arthritis, and doubtless many other local inflam- mations. It is non-motile, never forms spores, is surrounded by a clear gelatinous capsule, which can be stained with various aniline dyes. One of its most striking features, both in the ani- mal body, and especially in cultures, is its short viability. It varies greatly in its degrees of virulence. It produces a toxic substance ("pneumotoxin" — Klemperer), of the chemical con- stitution of which we know very little. To this toxin are due the diffuse fatty and parenchymatous degenerations, which were formerly attributed to high temperature. Both clinical experience and the bacteriological study of the disease support the view that in the majority of cases the grave constitutional manifestations are due to toxins circulating in the blood and acting injuriously on the respiratory centres and other parts of the nervous system, on the heart, the kidneys and other parts. 231 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The organism is a frequent inhabitant of the mouth in health, 1892 occurring, in the virulent state, in the mouths of fifteen to twenty per cent of healthy adults and in the mouths of those who have recovered from pneumonia in the proportion of sixty-six per cent. With regard to securing immunity in man by the inoculation of serum or cultural bacterial products, Professor Welch said : "We are in the midst of a period of active experimentation, revealing new and unexpected facts and points of view con- cerning this whole subject, and it would be hazardous to pass any verdict at the present moment." The following paragraph, the concluding one of the address, shows the state of confusion in which the treatment of pneu- monia stood (and still stands), and conveys a valuable hint to the clinician : "Even if it were in our power to arrest the hyper- semia and exudation of leucocytes and other products of inflam- mation, we should confer a very doubtful benefit upon the patient, unless at the same time we injured the bacteria. It is very likely that in so doing we should rob nature of a weapon which she is using as efficaciously as possible against these invading micro-organisms. It is doubtless often a fortunate thing for the patient that it is not within the power of the physi- cian to accomplish what he considers to be indicated in the way of treatment." The semi-annual meeting for the year was held at Easton, November 15 and 16. There were forty-five physicians in attendance, and the address of welcome was delivered by Dr. E. R. Trippe. Eighteen papers were read on a variety of sub- jects, and elicited interesting discussions. 1893 1893. An important special meeting was held on Januarj^ 30, the objects of which were to urge upon Congress to continue 232 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the annual governmental appropriation for the publication of the Index Catalogue of the Surgeon-General's Library, and to 1893 take more decided action regarding public health. Resolutions upon the former subject were adopted upon the motion of Dr. I. E. Atkinson. They protested most earnestly against the withdrawal of the appropriation for this magnificent publica- tion, "which is a complete bibliography of medicine and an object of especial interest and pride to the medical profession." It was stated that thirteen volumes of the work had already been published and three only remained to complete it. The resolutions were ordered to be sent to the representatives in Congress from Maryland. Discussion developed the fact that several of the officers of the Faculty had already telegraphed to members of Congress on the subject. That those efforts had an important bearing upon the result we cannot doubt ; at any rate, a restoration of the appropriation followed this prompt and vigorous action. In regard to the other matter, allusion was made to the par- tial success already secured in the establishment of a permanent disinfecting station^ and the encouragement thus afforded to press on in the same lines. The question of the introduction of infectious diseases^, and especially cholera, which had pre- vailed extensively in Europe the previous summer, was also now pressing upon the attention of the community, and the Faculty could not be behindhand in participating in it. In accordance with this view, the following resolution, offered by Professor Welch, was adopted : "Resolved, That an Advisory Committee on Public Health be appointed by the President of this Faculty. This committee shall consist of seven members, including the President. It shall be empowered to consider matters relating to public health and the protection of our city against the importation and 233 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Spread of infectious diseases. It may consult and act with the 1893 Commissioner of Health, and with committees and representa- tives of other organizations in regard to these matters." A special meeting was also held on February 8 for the pur- pose of urging upon Congress a suitable bill enlarging the powers of quarantine officers, but as a satisfactory bill had been passed since the calling and convening of the meeting, all that remained to be done, after discussing the subject, was to endorse this National Quarantine Bill, and especially to thank Hon. Isidor Rayner, our M. C, for his good work in urging it to a successful issue. The annual meeting was held at the Athenseum. Build- ing, with a very large attendance. This was the last meeting at which "Section" reports were presented, the Sections being now done away with. For fifty years this plan had prevailed, be- ginning in the 30's with an annual report on the progress of medicine and developing into a similar report from each branch. It was now urged that this method was antiquated, and involved unnecessary loss of time. In former times, when means of communication and access to literature were limited, such resumes were helpful, but now this information could be readily obtained from numerous sources, so that the yearly re- ports were no longer a necessity ; in fact, were unprofitable and stale. This view was adopted, and in place of Sections a Com- mittee on Programme was created, whose duty it should be to provide for adequate volunteer papers and discussions. The following were the abolished Sections: i. Surgery; 2, Practice ; 3, Obstetrics and Gynaecology ; 4, Materia Medica and Chemistry ; 5, Sanitary Science ; 6, Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology; 7, Psychology and Medical Jurisprudence; 8, Microscopy, Micro-chemistry and Spectral Analysis ; 9, Oph- thalmology, Otology and Lar}^ngology. 234 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY At this meeting, in accordance with a resolution previously adopted, a discussion had been arranged by the Executive Com- 1893 mittee on "Puerperal Infection, with Special Reference to Auto- Infection," the referees being Drs. Michael on etiology and prophylaxis, J. Whitridge Williams on bacteriology, and Ashby on clinical history and treatment. The result of this new de- parture, which was in accord with the spirit of the times, was a series of valuable papers and a discussion, participated in by Drs. Brinton, Gardner, Neale, P. C. Williams, Bond, Schaeffer and Hill. Under the head of miscellaneous business a letter was read from the Ministerial Union of Baltimore asking the appoint- ment of a committee to cooperate in exerting an influence for "moral reform." In accordance with the request a committee of three was appointed. Thirty-four active members were added to the roll and the following were elected to honorary membership: Joseph Tabor Johnson, M.D., of Washington, D. C. ; Frederick Lange, M.D., of New York, and Reginald H. Fitz, M.D., of Boston. The following resolution, recommended in the report of the Library Committee, was adopted : "That a committee of fifteen be appointed by the outgoing President to consider the ways and means of a permanent location for the Faculty." On motion of Dr. Taneyhill, it was ordered that said committee report at a called meeting, when they have sug- gestions and matured plans to report. These resolutions have an importance in view of the fact that they represent the first step in the movement resulting in the securing the present building of the Faculty, on Hamilton Terrace. The pharma- ceutical exhibit brought in the sum of $155. The Treasurer's report showed a deficit, handed down from the previous year, of $559.52. The receipts and expenditures each amounted to $2196.90. The following items appear in the Treasurer's report: 235 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICxVL FACULTY From rent of hall (including- telephone), $351 ; advertisements 1893 in Transactions of 1891, $65. The so-called conversation room and committee room of the building- had been rented to Drs. C. Hampson Jones and W. F. Smith for the use of their classes, at $140 per annum. It appears from the Recording Secre- tary's report that a preliminary circular of this meeting had been drafted by the chairman of the Executive Committee, Profes- sor Welch, and 1200 copies of the same sent out to physicians of the city and State, not members of the Faculty, presenting the claims and advantages of the Society to them. The results in membership had been highly satisfactory. The receipts of the Library Committee had been $840.04, including $120.88 from the Nurses' Directory. Fifty journals were received, and there had been donations of 220 volumes ; new books had been pur- chased to the amount of $32. The committee suggested that "the library would be much more useful if situated in a more accessible location, and the Nurses' Directory would also bring in a much larger income under such .circumstances." There are two important reports in this volume (if volume it can be called — it is little more than a good-sized pamphlet), one being on preventable blindness, the other on infectious hospital and disinfecting plant. Ophthalmia neonatorum, the chief cause of blindness, was traced to the ignorant and careless midwife, although physicians are not blameless. A law to regulate the practice of midwifery in Maryland was badly needed. All women applying for a license to practice midwifery should show their qualifications to handle normal labors. They should also be required to report promptly to a physician, or the health authorities, all cases of ophthalmia neonatorum. The committee recommended that a law should be drafted regulating the practice of midwifery and brought before the next Legislature under the sanction of the Faculty. 236 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY" The Committee on Infectious Hospital and Disinfecting Plant reported that they had joined forces with the Charity Organiza- 1893 tion Society, and a number of business organizations had been invited to join these in urging the matter upon the Mayor and City Council. By these an ordinance had been framed provid- ing for an appropriation by the City Council of $35,000 for the hospital for infectious diseases and $10,000 for the disinfect- ing plant ; also, making certain recommendations regarding their construction, etc. The joint Committee on Public Health from the City Council was also interviewed, and by these vari- ous efforts, principally devolving upon the Committee of the Faculty, the passage of the ordinance had been effected, and being subsequently signed by the Mayor, it had thus become a law. The two published addresses were those of the President, Dr. Tiffany, and of the annual orator, Dr. Reginald H. Fitz, Hersey Professor of Practice in Harvard University. The for- mer chose for his subject "The Treatment of Facial Neuralgia by Excision of Intra-cranial Portions of the Fifth Nerve." The operation was that of Hartley, consisting of division of the second and third branches of the nerve and removal of the Gasserian ganglion by opening the head in the temporal region and turning the flap downwards. In three of four cases oper- ated on by Dr. Tiffany, relief was complete and permanent ; in the fourth case the patient had not been seen since the opera- tion and the result was not known. The patients were left with areas of skin ansesthesia over the right temple and cheek, but these areas still appreciated sensations of heat and cold in two of the three cases whose history was known. The sense of taste was not lost. There was no disturbance of function or nutri- tion in the eye. In two cases the meningeal artery was torn in making the bone flap, and had to be tied. The muscles of 237 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY mastication were paralyzed, but there were no trophic changes. 1893 The operation was long-, but recovery was rapid and complete. The wounds healed at once, except in one case, where the patient scratched the wound and infected it. "By leaving intact the motor branch of the third division the patient would not have food collect in the cheek of the paralyzed side, and in future operations an effort should be made towards this end." Professor Fitz discussed the differential diagnosis of the vari- ous forms of intra-peritoneal hemorrhage and their treatment. In opening his address he referred to the fact that Harvard had been obliged to seek aid from us, having called Professor Coun- cilman to its chair of pathology and Professor Howell to that of physiology. Referring to the approaching inauguration of our great Medical School, he said : "It is for your University to establish and elaborate the model American medical school of the coming generation. * * * However high may be its standard, it can be none too high for other schools to strive for. The suc- cess of its efforts lies in the hands of such organizations as your honored Society, and of kindred societies throughout the land." The semi-annual meeting was held in the fall of the year at Annapolis. Through the courtesy of Gov. Frank Brown the sessions were held in the Senate Chamber. The attendance was fifty-five, the largest on record at any meeting ever held in the counties. The address of welcome was made by Dr. Abram Claude, who in the course of it referred to his fifty-five years of professional life at the Capital. Twenty papers were read and animated discussions held, the Governor participating in the latter. It seems a great pity that the Faculty has not been able to preserve in its archives copies of these and other valuable papers read before it. Since 1891 no papers other than annual ad- dresses have been printed in the annual Transactions, and hence 238 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ■those not appearing in some journal have been lost to us for- ever. When we think how regrettable is the loss of the con- 1893 tributions made at the early meetings of the Society, from a failure to publish them, we can conceive of the feelings with which our successors in the next century and later will contem- plate our neglect. If not published in full, certainly abstracts of them should appear. The Naval Academy was visited by invitation, and a banquet was held on the evening of the first day at the M'aryland Hotel, at which forty were present. The President, Dr. Rohe, made an address in which the fol- lowing expressive paragraph occurred: "A legitimate object of organization is to use it as a power to secure legislation, not legislation for our benefit as physicians, but legislation for the public good. The medical profession wants nothing for itself from the Legislature. The legislation in which the profession is interested is such as will be for the benefit of the whole peo- ple. Public health laws, medical registration laws, lunacy laws, were all intended for the good of the public, although always originated and their enactment promoted by the efforts of phy- sicians." As the result of attention being brought to the subject of the care and treatment of the insane, in papers on these subjects read by Drs. Preston and William Lee, a resolution was adopted appointing a committee to consider the matter and bring it be- fore the Legislature and Governor, with a view to obtaining action upon it. The committee consisted of twenty-two mem- bers from Baltimore and most of the counties. A formal request was received from the New York Academy of Medicine, asking the cooperation of the Faculty in securing the passage by Congress of a Bill to establish a Bureau of Pub- lic Health within the Treasury Department of the United States, 16 239 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY proposed by the National Quarantine Committee of the New 1893 York Academy of Medicine. A committee of nine was ap- pointed with instructions to use efforts to secure the passage of the bill, and a copy of the resolutions was ordered to be sent to the members of Congress from Maryland. Dr. Welch, the mover, stated that the bill was very important and had been framed with great care and with reference to the national gov- ernment and the rights of the States. A committee of five was appointed to confer with the State Licensing Board in suggesting such modifications in the law regulating practice in the State as should be found necessary. In response to an invitation from the Medical Association of the District of Columbia to the seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the same, in February, 1894, Dr. Ashby was ap- pointed the representative of the Faculty upon that occasion. 1894. With the ninety-sixth annual session the Society began 1894 to exhibit extraordinary vigor, and it may now be said for the first time to have taken on the full panoply of its strength and to have begun to wield the full share of the influence to which it is entitled by virtue of its character and numbers. The ses- sion began at the Athenaeum Building with a large attendance. The special subject chosen for discussion was the "Treatment of Empyema," Dr. C. W. Mitchell taking the medical side and Dr. Tiffany the surgical side. Eight other members joined in the discussion. Thirty-four active members were added to the roll and two honorary, viz: Dr. H. Newell Martin, of Cam- bridge, England, and Dr. James T. Whittaker, of Cincinnati, Ohio. The following amendment to the Constitution was adopted: "That we create an additional standing committee whose duty it shall be to recommend and urge municipal, State and national 240 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY legislation in the interests of the health of the people and of the medical profession." 1894 A question arose regarding the eligibility of candidates who had graduated since 1892, but had not passed the State Board, whereupon the Society declined to admit to membership such persons. The Committee on Blindness was converted into a board for the enforcement of the law. On motion of Dr. Ashby, it was "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the chair to devise ways and means for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the organization of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, commensurate with the honor, dignity and importance of the occasion." By the Treasurer's report we learn that the liabilities of the Society were $893.82. The Library Committee had had at its disposal $859.52, $83.05 of this amount being derived from the Nurses' Directory. Twenty-six books had been bought and no volumes had been added by donation. The pharmaceutical exhibit yielded at this meeting $120. The first report of the Board of Medical Examiners ap- pointed by the Medical Act of 1892 is given in the volume of Transactions of this year. The Board had organized on the second of June, 1892, and the various subjects had been assigned to the members for examination, but although adver- tised, there were no applicants for license that year. Exam- inations were held in April and June, 1893. At the first there were 39 applicants, of whom 36 were licensed, and at the latter 9 of 15 applicants were successful. A number of those applying were debarred by reason of not having studied medicine three years and not having attended three courses of lectures. An amendment to the Act of 1892 had been adopted in 1894, so as 241 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY to provide for a general official registration of all physicians 1894 practicing in the State, on or before the first day of June, 1892. This registration was directed to be made in the Cir- cuit Courts of the counties or of Baltimore City. Until this amendment, which had received the approval of committees from the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, the Examining Board and the State Homoeopathic Society, had been passed there had been no means of determining the number of physi- cians who had located in the State since April 2, 1892, and who had been practicing illegally. There was no doubt, the Board said, that many to whom the law applied had practically ignored it, and this was due mainly to vagueness in the law itself. The presidential address (Dr. Rohe) was upon "The Extinc- tion of Tuberculosis." In introducing it he took occasion to speak of some of the recent achievements of the Society. "Dur- ing the last session of the General Assembly," he said, "three measures were considered, in which the medical profession was interested, and which had their origin in commit- tees appointed by this Faculty. These measures were: the amendment to the Medical Practice Act, the bill for an addi- tional hospital for the insane, and the Act for the prevention of blindness in infants. Each of them passed in essentially the shape in which it was recommended by the Faculty through its appropriate committees. Having watched the progress of these measures through the Legislature, I believe I may say that not one of them would have passed in satisfac- tory form if the members of the Legislature had not been im- pressed by the fact that the organized profession of the State, as represented in this Faculty, endorsed and supported them." Dr. Rohe sums up the practicable measures for the restriction of tuberculosis as follows : Compulsory notification by physi- cians, householders, managers of institutions, etc., disinfection 242 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of premises vacated by recovery, death or removal of patients, the furnishing of concise instructions for the guidance of pa- 1894 tients and those coming in contact with patients, the employ- ment of inspectors to visit cases, give instructions and disinfect apartments if necessary, the establishment of special hospitals and wards in general hospitals for the treatment of patients, and the change and disinfection of all bed linen, etc., liable to infec- tion, on railways and steamships. The isolation of patients is not necessary. When the material containing the tubercle bacilli — in these cases the sputa — is destroyed the consumptive is no longer dangerous to his most intimate associates. In con- clusion he said: "No one who studies the question without prejudice can resist the conviction that tuberculosis, 'the great white plague,' is a preventable disease ; that by concerted action on the part of physicians, sanitary authorities and the public, it can be stamped out among all civilized peoples. That, like lep- rosy and the black death, it should be of interest in the future merely to the historian of human progress." The annual address, by Dr. James T. Whittaker, of Cin- cinnati, dealt with the "Predisposition to Phthisis," and consid- ered in the light of modern investigations the various explana- tions that had been given of the nature of this assumed state, as -the paralytic thorax of Hippocrates, for example. He rejected heredity, for of transmission from the father through the spermatozoa, which alone can constitute an indisputable hered- ity, there is no proof at all, whilst with regard to the mother, transmission at conception, that is, with the ovum, has no evi- dence in its favor, and placental infection has been shown to be of extraordinary rarity. The theory of a predisposition is un- demonstrable, superfluous and dangerous, and like predestina- tion in religious belief, it robs the sufferer of the hope of rescue. Whatever weakens and degrades the body in any way favors 243 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the development and dissemination of all diseases, and in this 1894 sense alone can we admit a predisposition to phthisis. As there is no predisposition to phthisis^ there is no immunity from it. Everybody is liable to it. The tubercle bacillus is the one over- shadowing fact in the whole history of this disease. Tubercu- losis is acquired by infection alone, and the only thing that is infectious about the patient is his sputum, the destruction of which is simplicity itself. This address was able and compre- hensive and is well worth a reperusal by all. The revised fee-table follows the address. At a special meeting held May 22 a proposed reduction of the annual appropriation made by Congress to the library of the Surgeon-General's office, at Washington, was brought up. The House of Representatives had already voted to reduce the amount from $10,000 to $7000. This step, sO' detrimental to the interests of the library, was opposed, and a memorial was presented to the Senators and Representatives from Maryland, in favor of retaining the regular appropriation. It was pointed out that it would be impossible to purchase all the journals and books needed, and to maintain the collection in its former effi- ciency upon a reduced amount. "This library," says the memo- rial, "has become an object of special interest and pride to the whole medical profession of the country, it having, by wise management and generous governmental support, developed into one of the greatest medical libraries in the world (if not the greatest), and it being of the widest usefulness and benefit to physicians throughout this country, and especially so to those of this State by its ready accessibility." The effort was success- ful and the appropriation restored. The semi-annual meeting was held on November 21 and 22, at Cumberland, with an attendance of forty. Papers were read by Drs. Salzer, Randolph, H. Friedenwald, Craigen, R. Winslow, 244 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Preston, Osier, I. E. Atkinson, Ashby, R. W. Johnson, Schaeff er, Brush, Fort, Carpenter, Canfield and Welch. In connection with the last, the author urged the establishment of a bac- teriological laboratory for the city, and a committee was ap- pointed to exert its energy to secure it. 1895. On the twentieth of March the Faculty was convened i895 in special session to consider the report of the Committee on Permanent Location. After most careful consideration this com- mittee had reached the conclusion that it would promote the best interests of the Faculty to secure a permanent home in a section of the city most accessible to a majority of its members. They recommended the purchase of a three-story dwelling house fronting 25 feet on North Eutaw Street, with a lot extending back some 150 feet to Linden Avenue, on which was located a building bringing in a rental of $120 per annum. To meet the expense connected with the purchase, improvement and main- tenance of the property, it was recommended that the dues be raised to $6; that a loan of $100 from thirty members of the Society be secured, and that a mortgage be placed upon the property. To provide for its proper management, it was fur- ther recommended that "a Board of ten Trustees be appointed by the President, in whom the management and disposal of the property shall be vested, the first Board to draw lots as to terms of ofifice, the shortest term being one year and the longest being ten years, the Board being so arranged that one member shall retire annually and one be elected annually by the Faculty, said Board to have authority to fill vacancies from death or resigna- tion whenever such vacancies occur." The suggestions of the committee, after full discussion, were adopted, and on April 18 following the building 847 North Eutaw Street (which was selected as more eligible than that first contemplated, being two inches wider) was purchased in the name of the Faculty 245 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY for $10,000 in fee. There was no difficulty in raising- the loan, 1895 the members promptly subscribing to it. The ninety-seventh annual session (the last held there) con- vened at the hall, corner of St. Paul and Saratoga Streets, on April 23, 1895. The subject chosen for discussion was "Typhoid Fever in Country Districts," and was opened with a paper by Dr. Osier, who was followed by Drs. Charles M. Ellis, and Clotworthy Birnie, co-referees. A number of members participated in the discussion that ensued, and the authorities of the cities and counties of the State were urged to adopt means for the compulsory notification of cases of the disease to their respective Boards of Health. Amendments to the Constitution were adopted, making the annual dues for city members $6, instead of $5 ; those for county members remained at $2. It was provided that in future the ap- propriation to the library should be determined by the Executive Committee at its first meeting each year, upon estimates sub- mitted by the outgoing Library Committee; that the Trustees should furnish an annual statement of their receipts and expen- ditures, and that no one graduated since June, 1892, should be eligible for membership unless he had passed the examination of the State Board. A motion was passed urging the Mayor and City Council to further the establishment of free public baths. A committee was appointed to see to^ the enforcement of the law regulating the practice of medicine, with authority to employ an agent for the detection of violators, and counsel for their prosecution. To meet expenses the State Licensing Board was instructed to turn over to this committee all its sur- plus funds. This committee found it necessary later to appeal to the members for special subscriptions to their expense fund, and also to have a resolution adopted directing the Committee on Legislation to procure such amendments to the Medical 246 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Practice Law as were deemed necessary for the prosecution of violators. 1895 The Treasurer reported the disbursements for the year $1886.67, and a deficiency of $701.62. There were unpaid dues amounting to $700. The number of volumes in the library was reported to be 9250, of which 1025 were duplicates. The number of journals received was 68; reports and transactions, 51. The receipts of the Library Committee had been $538.62, and expenses $628.37, the chairman having advanced the amount of the dif- ference; $71.30 had been contributed by the Nurses' Directory. The committee called attention to the fact that they had received less than half the appropriation of 1894. The privileges of ob- taining books from the Surgeon-General's Library had been withdrawn. The Committee on the Prevention of Blindness reported that a circular letter had been issued to the midwives of the city, calling attention to the law requiring a report of cases of oph- thalmia neonatorum, and in consequence there had been a very general compliance on their part with its provisions. Cases had been reported at the health office and eye hospitals. The com- mittee had found that the duty of seeing to the execution of the law, which they had supposed would devolve upon the State's Attorney, devolved upon themselves. Nevertheless, they were willing to assume it, and to investigate any cases that were brought to their attention. Twenty-three names were added to the membership. Thirty- two papers were read, including that of the President, Dr. Robert Johnson, and the annual address. Of the latter the subjects were, respectively, "Pernicious Delay in Surgical Cases," and "The Causation of Nervous Disease." Dr. M. Allen Starr, of New York, in his annual address, first con- 247 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sidered the intimate structure of the nervous system in the 1895 lig-ht of recent investigations. Within two or three years Nissl, by a peculiar method of stainin,2^, had shown the actual structure of the nerve cell. To the various forms of cells with their branches — protoplasmic and axis-cylinder — the name "neuron" had been given. The functions of the various forms of neurons, with reference to motion, sensation, vascular supply, nutrition, etc., as far as they had been investigated, were in turn considered, and also the effects of their stimulation. "The essential lesion in functional and organic diseases of the nervous system is a change, temporary or permanent, in the chemical and physical condition of the neuron. This change is the same in kind, whatever the cause. Such a change may be produced by overwork, by imperfect nutrition or by active poisoning from toxic agents produced within the body, or from toxic agents of an inorganic or organic type received from without, the last named being in many cases germs or their products. Such a classification of the causes of nervous diseases has a great thera- peutic significance." The semi-annual meeting of 1895 was held in Belair, Novem- ber 19 and 20. Twenty-six physicians attended, and papers were read by Drs. J. N. Mackenzie, Woods, Hundley, A. K. Bond, Piatt, Earle and Russell. A special meeting of the Faculty was held on December 14, to take action on the death of the President, Dr. J. Edwin Michael, which had taken place seven days before, from Bright's disease. Dr. Michael was a man of powerful physique, of great intellectual strength and great force of character. He died in the prime of his powers at the age of 47. 1896 1896. The great event of the year was the opening of the new hall at 847 North Eutaw Street, "Hamilton Terrace," on January 11. The cost of this property, which was secured 248 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY through the instrumentality of the new Board of Trustees, in whom the management and disposal of the property of the Fac- 1896 ulty was now vested, was $10,000, in fee, of which $3000 were paid in cash and a mortgage given to the owner for the re- mainder at five per cent. To meet the cash payment and other expenses a call was made upon the members for a loan. A lib- eral response was given, $3485 being secured from forty mem- bers. Most of this was shortly afterwards donated, and other donations to the amount of $1155 were received from members of the Faculty. The Faculty had the good fortune also at this time to come into possession of $2417.76, the balance remaining over of the fund collected the previous year for the entertain- ment of the American Medical Association. The Clinical So- ciety also very generously gave the $1000 it had saved up during a number of years. These various sums, which hardly could have been looked for at first, sufficed to put the Society well on its feet in its new possessions. Soon alter the purchase it was realized by the Trustees, to whose zeal and labors at this time we owe lasting obligation, that the property needed a thorough remodeling. Repairs were made to the old building, including shelving and furniture, amounting to $1213.09. The old buildings in the rear were pulled down and a large two-story assembly hall was erected, extending from the main building back to Linden Avenue. The first story of this hall was designed for kitchen and banquet room (the latter to be used also during the annual meetings for exhibit room) ; the second floor contained the assembly rooms, with a capacity of between 300 and 400 seats. The erection of the assembly hall, with other expense connected therewith, involved an outlay of about $3500. The opening of the Faculty's new home, justly regarded as a day of note in its career, was celebrated with due formalities. 249 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The exercises opened at 8 p. m. with brief remarks by the Presi- 1896 dent, Dr. Charles G. Hill, and the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Dr. L. McLane Tiffany. The Treasurer of the Board, Dr. Thomas A. Ashby, made a financial statement, after which the orator of the occasion. Dr. James R. Chadwick, of Boston, delivered an address, entitled "Medical Libraries : Their De- velopment and Use." After speaking of the absolute necessity of libraries to the medical profession, he pointed out some of the means by which they can be built up, illustrating his remarks by reference to a chart showing the growth of the seven leading medical libraries in the country, which are, in order of their founding: Pennsylvania Hospital, 1762, 15,007 volumes; Col- lege of Physicians, Philadelphia, 1788, 49,747 volumes ; New York Hospital, 1796, 22,383 volumes ; Library Surgeon-Gen- eral's Office, 1845, 116,847 volumes; New York Academy of Medicine, 1847, 33>i40 volumes; Medical Department Boston Public Library, 1852, 19,609 volumes; Boston Medical Library Association, 1875, 26,082 volumes. He enumerated the follow- ing as the principal factors of growth : Money, a suitable library building, the continuous services of a librarian, the energetic co- operation of some one to secure contributions and make com- plete the files of periodicals, and finally an author, subject and title card catalogue. The address concluded with some words upon pamphlets, classification, use of books, and duplicates. Addresses were also made by Surgeon-General Sternberg and Dr. Robert Fletcher^ U. S. A., and Dr. Osier made a few re- marks in place of Dr. John S. Billings, who was not present according to expectation. A sumptuous entertainment con- cluded the evening's programme. Mention must be made of the enthusiasm aroused by Dr. Chadwick's offer to contribute to the Faculty's fund, provided others present did the same, which led to the subscription within a few minutes of about $3500. 250 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The annual meeting of 1896 was convened at the hall, 847 Hamilton Terrace, on April 28. The presidential address, by 1896 Dr. Charles G. Hill, was upon "Some Observations of the Ef- fects of Thyroid Feeding in the Insane." The annual address was by Solomon Solis Cohen, A.M., M.D., of Philadelphia, who chose for his subject "Some Thoughts Concerning Disease and Recovery, in their Relation to Therapeutics." The President's paper was based upon the observation of forty cases, including a wide range of insanity, but mostly cases of dementia. The results were: Improved, 12; unim- proved, 8; greatly improved, 14; cured, 5; died, i. The effects of thyroid feeding were considered in detail, the most extraordinary being considered those on the mental condition of the insane. "It may be safely concluded that in at least some cases of mental disturbance we may find the cause in a lesion of the thyroid gland." It is hard to condense Dr. Cohen's philosophic address into a few sentences. It was based upon the Hippocratic text : "The physician must be able to discover the antecedents, know the present and foretell the future ; must meditate these things and have two special objects in view with regard to disease, namely, to do good, or to do no harm. The art consists in three things, the disease, the patient, and the physician ; the physician is the servant of nature, and the patient must combat the disease along with the physician." We must endeavor, he said, to understand the nature of the life substance and the life force, the modifica- tions which these undergo, under various circumstances, and what are the circumstances that are capable of modifying them. We must recognize the dependence of man on his environment, as well as the power of man to modify the same, which he alone among living creatures possesses. In disease we must recog- nize the operation of two forces, one tending to destruction, the 251 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Other towards restoration to health. It is the function of the 1896 physician to endeavor to modify or assist the latter, so as to promote the welfare of the patient. In doing- this, whilst he often resorts to drugs, mechanical measures, etc., he learns to place greatest dependence upon air, light, water, heat and cold, food, rest, and exercise of function, physical and mental. According to the minutes, thirty-four new members were ad- mitted at this meeting, and thirty-three papers were read, not including the two mentioned above. A communication was received from the Medical Association df the District of Columbia, enclosing a memorial from the Society to the American Medical Association upon the subject of a bill at this time before Congress, the design of which was ostensibly to prevent cruelty to animals, but which, if enacted into a law, would effectually have closed the biological labora- tories connected with the Surgeon-General's Department of the United States Army, the Bureau of Animal Industry of the De- partment of Agriculture, and the Marine Hospital Service, and have prohibited all illustrative experimentation on living animals in the medical colleges of the District. The proposed legisla- tion was being urged with unremitting zeal and persistence by the humane societies, with the usual misrepresentations em- ployed by these people. If adopted, matters would not have been permitted to rest there, but success in this case would have given force and impetus to the crusade against the scien- tific progress of medicine throughout the country. This was an emergency which had to be met, and met promptly. The memorial was endorsed, and the delegates from the Faculty were instructed to give it their support at the ensuing meeting of the American Medical Association. Dr. William H. Welch, of the Faculty, abandoned his work for some weeks and threw all his energies into the struggle, materially contributing to 252 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tEe success of the friends of science and humanity (see Preface, vol. vi, "A System of Medicine," by T. CHfford All- 1896 butt). An interesting event took place on the evening of the third day, which was the presentation of portraits to the Faculty of Drs. George W. Miltenberger and H. P. C. Wilson. Dr. S. C. Chew made the presentation in the former case and Dr. T. A. Ashby in the latter. Dr. Miltenberger was present and made a brief but feeling reply. Busts of ^sculapius and Hippocrates were at the same time presented by Dr. A. Friedenwald. At die conclusion of the ceremonies refreshments were served in the banquet room. From the reports of officers and committees the following items are taken : The Trustees announced that all the local societies met in the Faculty's hall, so that the medical profession of the town might be said to be gathered under one roof. Also, that owing to the satisfactory condition of the treasury, it had been decided to found a sinking fund to pay off the mortgage of $7000 on the building when due. The Treasurer reported receipts for the year $3511.12, among which were Frick Endowment Fund, $1000, and pharmaceuti- cal exhibit, $50. Expenditures, $3637.23. He had had to bor- row $300 to assist the Library Board to pay for journals. The most important item in the Executive Committee's re- port was that relating to the Frick Memorial Library, a branch of the library of the Faculty, instituted by the Messrs. Frick, of Baltimore, in honor of their brother, Prof. Charles Frick, M.D., of the University of Maryland. At the sugges- tion and through the influence of Dr. William Osier, Messrs. William F. Frick and Frank Frick were induced to contribute $1000 for the purchase of books relating to the subjects in which the late Prof. C. Frick was especially interested, viz : 253 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY diseases of the urinary organs, of the cardio-vascular system 1896 and fevers, particularly the malarial fevers, the collection to be known by the above name, and to agree to give $100 a year during their lifetime for its support. At their request a special room was set aside for this use, in which they have since placed a tablet and a handsome oil portrait of Dr. Frick. The open- ing of this section took place on the tenth of December of this same year (1896) at the Medical Hall, a memorial address being delivered by Dr. Samuel C. Chew, and other addresses by Prof. J. M. DaCosta, President of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and Dr. Jos. D. Bryant, President of the Acad- emy of Medicine of New York. Remarks were also made by Mr. Reverdy Johnson, of the Baltimore Bar, a personal friend of Dr. Frick. A supper followed. The Library Committee reported that a lady librarian had been employed, and the library was now kept open from 10 a. m. to 8 p. m. The bound volumes numbered 7500, 202 mostly new books,, having been added during the year. A Book and Journal Club had been instituted by friends of the library, which had been, and has continued since to be, a most li'Beral benefactor. One hundred journals were received, about one-third through the club. The total income of the commit- tee (not including the Frick Fund) had been $736.77, of which the Nurses' Directory had contributed $78. "The removal of the library to its present location has added much to its useful- ness, more than ten members visiting it now where one visited it at the former location." Through the efforts of the Committee on Milk Laboratory the Walker-Gordon Company, of Philadelphia, was induced to establish a branch in Baltimore, thus securing for this com- munity a pure and reliable infants' food and substitute for mother's milk, which can be ordered by physicians with the 254 ENNALLS MARTIN 1 758- 1 834. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY same assurance of accuracy as they would expect in the com- pounding of their prescriptions at the drug stores. 1806 The Nurses' Directory was reported to be "getting in good running order," the rules being so changed as to do away with the expense to those procuring nurses. Allusion should not be omitted (although it is not mentioned in the minutes) to the appointment at this time of a Committee on General Sanitation, because of the important work done by this committee, and the impetus it gave to State and municipal hygiene. The object of the committee, as stated, was to pro- mote the cause of hygiene in Maryland and cooperate with other sanitary and philanthropic agencies in quickening a more enlightened public interest in this department. The fall meeting was held at Hagerstown, November lo and II, seventy-seven physicians being present. Sixteen papers were read by Drs. Birnie, Hemmeter, Preston, Hundley, Mer- rick, Rohe, J. Whitridge Williams, Osier, Flexner, Canfield, Finney, Humrickhouse, F. Martin, R. Winslow, Gichner and Reik. Patients were exhibited by Drs. Osier, Finney and Bishop. There was a demonstration of the Edison fluoroscope. The meeting was held in the Court House, and a "bountiful entertainment" was provided by the physicians of Washington County. On motion of Dr. Rohe, a committee of one from each senatorial district, with the President as chairman, was appointed to act in conjunction with the committee of the Bal- timore Neurological Society in suggesting amendments to the laws governing commitments of the insane and the relations of the State to this class. 1S97. The ninety-ninth annual session began at the hall, 847 North Eutaw Street, on April 27, and the President, Dr. William Osier, read his address on "The Functions of the 17 255 1897 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY State Faculty." Ater referring to the unusual name, Dr. Osier 1897 spoke of the dual function contemplated by the charter, part of which, the licensing power, had been transferred to a separate and independent board. The Faculty had been the only endur- ing protest against individualism in the State. The sugges- tion was made whether it would not be wise, and lead to a great increase in the usefulness of the Faculty, if the various local societies were united wdth it as sections. The Faculty knits together the discordant elements of the profession, as well as the generations of physicians who have passed away. Refer- ence was made to the men who founded the Faculty, and the sentiment uttered "that it is the sign of a dry age when the great men of the past are held in light esteem." Portraits, not only of these men, but of the others who have made strong impress in their day, should adorn our walls. The library received due consideration, for by it is the intelligence of the profession to be judged. The methods of providing the means for carrying on the library, and for meeting the various needs and growth of the Faculty, were considered, and a Committee on Finance was recommended. The advisability of a revision of the Constitution and By-Laws was also pointed out. In accordance with the President's recommendations, com- mittees were appointed on these duties, and also a Centennial Committee. Three subjects for discussion were taken up at this meeting, viz : peritonitis, rabies and the care of the dependent insane in the State, four stated papers or addresses being delivered on the first and third, and three on the second. Each was also discussed at length by the members. A large number of papers was also presented by other members, among the more strik- ing titles of which were : "Fracture and Dislocation of the Vertebral Column, with Other Severe Injuries — Recovery, with 256 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Exhibition of Patient;" "Two Cases of Gastrotomy and One of Gastro-enterostomy, with Exhibition of Patient ;" "Rupture 1897 of the Aorta;" "A Case of Complete Hysterectomy for Rup- ture of the Uterus and Vagina During Confinement;" "The Early History of Ophthalmology and Otology in Baltimore." Models of the original Chamberlen midwifery forceps were exhibited. Sixty-six new active members were added to the Society, and Drs. James R. Chadwick, S. Solis Cohen and David W. Cheever were elected to honorary membership. The Committee on Legislation was instructed "to secure such legislation as will exclude from the examinations of the Licensing Board any one graduating in or after 1899, who has not taken a course of four years' instruction in some reputable medical college," and also "to take early steps to secure some legislation regulating the practice of midwifery in Maryland." Under reports of committees, etc., it was noted that the hall had been the meeting place not only of local but also of gen- eral societies, and the expenses had been materially diminished by the rent paid by the same, the amount received being $631.25. The Treasurer reported the receipts for the year $3390, and the disbursements $3499. The liabilities, including the deficit, were $434.28. Among the items under receipts were initiation fees and dues, $2075, legacy from the estate of Dr. Frank Don- aldson, $137.53; Wm. F. Frick, Esq., additional subscription to the Frick Library, $500 ; Mr. Reverdy Johnson, same, $100. The Treasurer, Dr. W. F. A. Kemp, after alluding to his long incumbency of fifteen years in the office, asked to be excused from further service. Flis request was granted and Dr. Thomas A. Ashby was elected his successor. The Library Committee's report was of interest. The num- ber of bound volumes, by actual count, was 7701. There were 257 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY received regularly ii8 journals, 49 being through the Book 1897 and Journal Club and 27 through exchange. Through the Frick Fund and the Club, 332 new books and 209 bound jour- nals, a complete set of "Virchow's Archives" being included in the latter, were added, being the largest number of new books ever received in one year. The great interest evinced in the library was shown by the number of books taken out during the year, 612, and by the increasing number of readers consulting the collection, more than 900 in number, since January i. A card catalogue outfit had been purchased for $130, and the work of cataloguing had been entered upon, an assistant to the librarian being secured for this purpose through the generous liberality of a member of the Library Committee. The com- mittee announced that it had adopted the very commendable rule of meeting weekly. The Committee on General Sanitation, appointed at the pre- vious annual meeting, reported that it had secured the establish- ment of a city bacteriological laboratory, and at the request of Mayor Hooper had named an incumbent for the position, who had been duly elected. Such a department had long been needed for the supervision of the city water supply, the detec- tion of infectious diseases, the analysis of suspected foods, etc. A pure milk conference had been held under the auspices of the committee, at which plans for a purer milk supply had been discussed by a representative gathering of physicians, veteri- narians, dairymen, farmers, chemists and others. A manifest improvement in dairy products had resulted from this confer- ence. During the previous February, with the cooperation of the State Board of Health, the committee had held a sanitary conference, to which some eighty or more persons from all parts of the State, chiefly health officers, came. So encouraging was the attendance that at the close of the meeting the Mary- 258 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land Public Health Association was organized. The counties had shown a willingness to cooperate in sanitary reform, and 1897 everything gave promise that the State would soon assume a leading position in this field. Among the general aims of this Association were: "The registration by the State of correct and full returns of births and infectious diseases ; strict supervision and control of food and drink supplies ; the maintenance of hospitals for infectious diseases ; enforced isolation and disin- fection at public cost ; the regulation of funerals and transpor- tation of the dead ; conformity to hygienic principles in the construction of dwellings for man and beast ; systematic in- spection by experts of all schools, tenements, factories, jails, hospitals, almshouses and other public buildings, and steam- boats and railway carriages ; the restraint and regulation of offensive trades (slaughter houses, etc.)." In all their meet- ings and deliberations the committee had had the active interest and cooperation of the President of the Faculty. The entire expenses of the committee for the year had been only $2.45. A very important report was presented on the Nurses' Direc- tory, now in its fifteenth year. At first this institution had been a convenience to the profession, and almost a necessity for the nurses. The same could not be said any longer, it being easier now to obtain a nurse directly from one of the training schools or homes. From the point of revenue it had never been a success, the number of nurses now registered being sixty-nine, and the net profit for the last year having been $76.79 ; this notwith- standing vigorous efforts to push it, including the sending of 1000 notices to physicians throughout the State. In view of these facts, and the rapid growth of the library and the demands made upon the librarian's time, it was recommended that the Directory should be discontinued, and this recommendation was adopted and carried out in the following October. 259 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The Committee on Preventable Blindness reported that there 1897 had been two convictions of midwives for violation of the law, that the law was now very generally obeyed, and that many cases of blindness had, in consequence, been prevented. A report was made upon State care of the insane, and the Committee on Legislation was directed to bring the matter be- fore the Legislature and use all means to have it provided for by law, and also to have the Lunacy Act so amended as to re- quire for commitment the certificates of two physicians, under oath, stating the nature of the mental trouble, and the grounds of commitment. An amendment to the Medical Practice Act was recommended, making the necessary time of study four instead of three years. Mention has already been made of the work of the Book and Journal Club, organized early in 1896, for the purpose of assist- ing the growth and development of the library. The report made at this meeting showed that the membership was now 106, and that in the short time of its existence — a little over a year — this useful organization had expended $1005.29 on the library, adding books to the value of $541.96 and journals to the value of $463.33. Finally, we have the annual address of Prof. David W. Cheever, M.D., on the subject, "Does Medicine Advance?" After considering what is meant by the art of medicine, and enumerating the objects of medical practice, viz: prolonging life, relieving suffering, preventing and curing disease, the speaker briefly reviewed medical history, particularly the changes of the previous sixty years He named the eras of medicine as: i. Observation — Hippocrates. 2. Polypharmacy — Galen. 3. Elxperiment — Bacon and Hunter. 4. Reliance on Nature — Sydenham. 5. School of Precision — Louis. 6. Pre- vention — Jenner. 7. Aggressive Therapeusis — Modern Scien- 260 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tists. The many changes and improvements that have been made in modern times^ and especially during recent years, were 1897 then cited. But whilst many diseases have yielded to modem research, many remain still obdurate. "That we have accom- plished so much is surely cause for congratulation. Medicine, as an art, really advances. Meanwhile, the horizon of knowl- edge is ever receding, and the field of new discovery and explo- ration is inexhaustible." He advocated "aggressive therapeu- sis" rather than "expectancy." The semi-annual meeting was held at Ocean City on Septem- ber 15 and 16, about 80 members attending. Papers were read by Drs. Julius Friedenwald, Ashby, Cullen, Harlan, Stokes and Messick, Bevan, Purnell, Osier, Browne, Gardner, Dirickson, Fulton, W. Lee, C. G. Hill, Woods, Young, Hemmeter, Brush, Kemp and Cooke, Jr. On the evening of the first day the Faculty partook of a collation at the Atlantic Hotel as the guests of the citizens of Ocean City. While but brief space is given in the Transactions to a special meeting held December 15, the occasion deserves more than a mere mention. The object of the meeting was the considera- tion of certain proposed amendments to the Medical Practice Act. This Act (Chap. 296, 1892,) secured through the inter- vention of leading members of this Faculty, restored to the latter, at least so far as the regular profession was concerned, the con- trol of medical practice in the State, which it had lost by the Act relating to Thomsonians in 1839. Amended in 1894, and again in 1896, so as to make obligatory the registration of all physicians in the county courts, and provide for the prosecution and punish- ment of all violators of the law, it had been accepted by the pro- fession of the State as a great boon, and no opposition had been manifested to it, until the results of the examinations of May, 1897, were announced. In these examinations the Board found 261 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY evidence in the papers of a number of the candidates that the 1897 pledge of honor with reference to giving and receiving assist- ance, required of and signed by all, had been broken by several. The Board promptly cancelled the papers of all that showed evidence of this violation of faith. Of the 97 who presented themselves, 13 had their papers so cancelled, while 37 failed to receive the requisite average. When this result was made known there were, as had been anticipated by the Board, "em- phatic denials, demands for return of papers, denunciations and threats of legal processes." Feehng that they were in the right, the Board declined to accede to these demands and threats, and invited those disaffected to test the matter in the courts, but in no instance was this done. Unfortunately, some of the medical colleges of Baltimore took the part of their rejected alumni, and wrote quite a peremptory letter to the Board, asking to be fur- nished with the evidence upon which the rejections were based. This the Board declined to do, "failing to perceive wherein the gentlemen of the committee possessed a superior judgment or where they acquired a right to review our [their] work." The colleges, therefore, called for the above special meeting, and were present by their representatives, for the purpose of securing the influence of the Faculty in favor of their pro- posed amendments. It was soon apparent that the sentiment of the profession at large, as represented at the meeting, was strongly against the action of the colleges, and that there must be no interference with the independence of the Exam- ining Board, so that upon presentation of the first amend- ment, it was defeated and a motion to adjourn was then car- ried. Now that the feeling occasioned by these events has passed away, all the members of the Faculty doubtless feel proud of the admirable manner in which the Board has exe- cuted its difficult trust, and at the high standard which it has 262 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY maintained. There can be no doubt, that the reputation and morale of the profession of the State have been greatly en- 1897 hanced by their steadfastness of purpose and intelligent dis- charge of duty. It is of interest to learn, that it is the conviction of the Board, "that the efforts of this Faculty in securing legisla- tion, to guard the entrance to the profession, have been in the line of its advancement and elevation, and in full accord with the earnest efforts of the truly professional men in a large majority of the States of the Union, and, indeed, throughout the world." 1898. The one hundredth annual meeting was convened at the hall on North Eutaw Street on April 26, 1898. Seventy- 1898 eight members were added to the roll and twenty-six papers were read. Dr. Osier announced, that, in response to the circular issued the previous spring, $4300 had been prom- ised towards the payment of the debt upon the building, amounting to $7000. He made a ringing appeal for imme- diate subscriptions, to make up the remaining sum, in order that the Faculty might be free of debt in its centennial year. "Our present home," said he, "is an advance on our old quarters, but it does not represent suitable quarters for the profession of a city of 500,000 inhabitants. We need a new building, and an endowment fund for the library; and what we need, Mr. President, we can get with the concerted action on the part of the profession and our friends." He declared that it was his intention to ask the citizens of Baltimore to aid in putting the Faculty on a satisfactory basis, as the citi- zens of the other large cities had done. The annual reports may next be reviewed. 263 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY The Treasurer reported total receipts $3177.22; total ex- 1898 penses, $2832.91, leaving a balance in the treasury of $344.31. Among the former, were dues and fees, $1893 ; from the Messrs. Frick, $700; from the pharmaceutical exhibit, $90. The Library Board had received $1481.40, including the Frick Fund. For the building fund, the cash receipts had been $1974.48. The membership embraced 473. The Executive Committee announced that steps had been taken for the preparation of a centennial volume, to be called "The Medical Annals of Maryland." The committee had succeeded in having secured to members of the Faculty, the privilege formerly allowed them, of procuring books from the Surgeon-General's Library, at Washington. The Library Committee's report was indicative of rapid and great growth : 3257 persons had made use of the books and journals, and 741 volumes had been taken out ; 127 journals were regularly received, 55 of which came from the Book and Journal Club. The total number of volumes added during the year was 1478, of which 872 were by donation; 342 volumes came through the Frick Fund ; 652 reprints had been received. The work of cataloguing had been continued and was being most thoroughly carried on. Miss Eloise Baker, of Baltimore, had beautifully fitted up the librarian's room, in honor of her father, Prof. Samuel Baker, the founder of the library, and had also presented an oil portrait of him. A number of portraits had been added to our collection. The Committee on General Sanitation had continued its good work. A special meeting had been arranged in the previous November, during the semi-annual meeting of the Maryland Public Health Association, for the discussion of the sewerage problem in Baltimore. The proceedings of this meet- ing were published in the report of the State Board of Health, 264 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and in several journals. Sweat-shops had been discussed at meetings of the committee, and with vaccination and public 1898 ba.ths, would again be more thoroughly discussed at the approaching May meeting of the Maryland Public Health Association. The committee had endorsed the Vital Sta- tistics Act and the Infectious Disease Act, both of which had passed the Legislature. The Committee on Preventable Blindness reported that the law relating to midwives and ophthalmia neonatorum, ap- peared to be well observed. The Committee on Legislation reported that the amend- ments to the Lunacy Law, approved at the last annual meet- ing of the Faculty, had been opposed by some members of the Faculty, which occasioned such delay that, while they passed the House, they failed to pass the Senate. The President's address (Dr. Charles M. Ellis) was upon "The Country Doctor," and was an endeavor to point out in what respects many of the country doctor's surrovuidings differ from those of the "town doctor;" what are the most pro- nounced of his needs, and the difficulties that stand in the way of his overcoming them, together with some suggestions of means that seem best suited to help him. The advantages possessed by the city physician exclusively, were stated to be : hospital wards and dispensaries ; teaching bodies ; daily inter- course of men similarly occupied ; medical societies ; medical libraries. Some substitutes for these can be provided, among which are the cottage hospital and dispensary, post-graduate courses, the cultivation of cordial and fraternal relations with neighbors and frequent consultations, county medical socie- ties and book clubs. Although the first cottage hospital was founded at Cramleigh, in 1853, ^"ant to Professor Kiilz, Marburg; Physician to the Maryland Eye and Ear Iniirmiary, 1879-80; Physician to Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1882-f- ; resides at Washington, D. C. Bernstein, Edward J. 1893. Born at Baltimore, August 25, 1863. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1884; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Resident Physician, Hebrew Hospital, 1887-89; Oculist and Aurist to Bay\-icw Hospital and House of Refuge; 21 319 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Laryngologist to the Hebrew Hospital ; Clinical Lecturer on the Nose and Throat and Clinical Professor, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1898- 1900. *Berry, John. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828 ("Tenn."j. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead; also marked dead in Dr. Fonerden's list of 1837. *Beucke, John Anthony. 1829. Born at Twistringen, Hannover, Ger- many, February 10, 1798; son of John Henry Beucke. Attended Gymnasium at Miinster and graduated M.D., at the University of Gottingen, 1826 (cum laude) ; practiced at Bremen, emigrating to Baltimore in 1829; was in Baltimore, according to Librarian's book, 1830-44. See MS. Archives and lists of 1848 and 1853. Bevan, Charles Frederick. 1875. Born, June 14, 1850. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1876-78; At- tending Physician, Baltimore Special Dispensary, 1872 until its close ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1872-76; Lecturer on Osteology, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, 1875-76 ; Professor of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1876-88; Professor of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1888 — ; Professor of Anatomy, Bal- timore College of Dental Surgery, 1876-78; Attending Physician, Nursery and Child's Hospital, 1878 — ; Visiting Surgeon, Bayview Hospital, 1888 — ; Assistant Surgeon, Seventh Regiment of M. N. G., 1877. 807 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Biedler, Hampson Hubert. 1884. Born at Page View, Page County, Va., August 26, 1854. Educated at the Polytechnic Institute; pupil of Drs. Miller and Brumbach, Luray; A.M. (Honorary), Loyola College, 1898; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; practiced in Rappahannock County, Va. ; removed to Baltimore, 1882 ; Pro- fessor of Diseases of Women, 1883, and later, Professor of Sur- gery, Baltimore Medical College; Professor of Surgery, Balti- more University ; Dean, Baltimore University ; President, Balti- more Medical Association ; Examiner of National Life Insurance Company of Vermont, American Union and Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Companies. Biggs, Augustine A. 1836. M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1836. Of Washington County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 320 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Biggs, Joseph W. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Billings, John Shaw. Honarary. 1879. Born in Switzerland County, Ind., April 12, 1838. A.B., Miami University, Oxford, O., 1857; A.M., Miami University, i860; M.D., Ohio Medical College, Cin- cinnati, i860; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861; Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862; Surgeon, U. S. A., 1876; Cura- tor, Army Medical Museum and Library, Washington, D. C, President, Philosophical Society, Washington, D. C. ; Medical Ad- viser, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1877-89; Lecturer on Municipal Hygiene, Johns Hopkins University and Columbia College, N. Y.; President, American Public Helalth Association, 1880; Oratoir, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1883; LL.D., Uni- versity of Edinburgh, 1884; of Harvard, 1886, and Johns Hop- kins University, 1902; D.C.L., University of Oxford, 1889; M.D. (Honorary), University of Dublin, 1892; Lecturer on History and Literature of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1893 — ; Deputy Surgeon-General, U. S. A. (retired) ; Director of the Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania, 1895-96 ; Director of the New York Public Library. BiLLiNGSLEA, James Howell. 1897. M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; Clerk of County Court, 1897 — ; resides at Westminster, Car- roll County, Md. *BiLLiNGSLEA, James L. 1827. Born in ^Maryland, 1804. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1827 ; Censor, 1840. Died in Carroll County, Md., October 23, 1881. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Billingslea, Martin B. 1885. Born in Harford County, Md., June 10, 1849. Educated at Bethel Academy; taught in the public schools four years; M.D., University of Maryland, 1874; School Commissioner, Baltimore, 1894-98. 1206 East Preston Street, Bal- timore. *Birckhead, Lennox. 1822. Born at Cambridge, Md., February 27, 1794; son of Solomon Birckhead. A.B., Dickinson College, 1813; a defender of Fort McHenry, 1814; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1817; attended Hotel Dieu, Paris; he was the author of "Let- ters for the Times," l6mo, Baltimore, 1855, and "A Voice from the South," i2mo, Baltimore, 1861. Died at Baltimore, of Bright's disease, September 2, 1865. 321 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY •'BiRCKHEAD, Solomon. i8oi (?). Born at Cambridge, Md., July 21, 1761. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1783; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1809-11; Consulting Physician, Baltimore Hospital, 1812. He was an "eminent and highly esteemed ptiysi- cian." Died at Baltimore, November 30, 1836. See lists of 1807 and 1848. ^BiRCKHEAD, Thomas Howell. Founder., 1799. Born (probably) in Harford County. He married Mrs. Elizabeth Waters, nee Wether- ell. Dr. Samuel Henry Birckhead was his son. Dr. James Reardon his son-in-law. He lived and died on his estate, near Magnolia Station, Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad. He was trustee of the first school in Harford County, 1798. The Maryland Medical Recorder, March, 1830, speaks of "the late Dr. Birckhead," evidently meaning this one. BiRNiE, Clotworthy. 1890. Bom at Glen Burn, Carroll County, Md., January 13, 1843. Pupil of Drs. John Swope and W. Chew Van Bibber; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1870; member of Maryland House of Delegates, 1896, and Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee; President, Carroll County Medical Society; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1895-96; Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1899-1900; resides at Taneytown, Md. *BiSH0P, Elijah. 1824. Born at Lisbon, Conn., 1798. A.B., Yale Col- lege; M.D., Yale College, 1822; practiced first at Liberty, Balti- more County, Md. ; later at Smithsburg, Washington County, Md., till his death there, March, 1870. See Treasurer's MS. book and list of 1848. Bishop, Elijah Tracy. 1870 and 1892. Born at Smithsburg, Wash- ington County, Md., April 11, 1833; son of Dr. Elijah Bishop. A.B., Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., 1848; M.D., University of Maryland, 1855 ; practices at Smithsburg, Md. See lists of 1873 and 1892. Bishop, John S. 1897. Born at Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., March 13, 1872. Educated at Friends' School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1895; Clinical Assistant in Medicine, Johns Hopkins Dispensary ; Member of Board of Police Surgeons. 1701 Druid Hill Avenue, Baltimore. *Black, George W. 1802. (Federal Gasette, June 25.) 322 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Black, Thomas. i8oi ( ?). See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Blackburn, Richard Scott. 1832. Born at "Wigwam," Prince William County, Va., March 28, 1809. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832; began prac- tice in Frederick County, Md. ; later practiced at Berryville, Va. ; retired early from practice; Mayor of Charlestown, W. Va. Died in Clarke County, Va., September 2, 1867. Blaisdell, Walter S. 1890. Born at Macomb, 111., 1866. Educated at the University of Michigan; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1890; Superintendent of Schools, Holden, Me. (two terms) ; Surgeon, Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg Railroad; Surgeon, Adrian Hospital, Punxsutawney, and Chief Surgeon of Walston Mines, Walston, Pa.; Medical Examiner, New York Mu- tual Life Insurance Company. Address, Punxsutawney, Pa. Blake, Charles French. 1898. Born in Athens County, O., Decem- ber 18, 1866. Educated at the University of Ohio; pupil of Dr. William H. Blake; M.D.. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1893 ; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1893-95 ; Dem- onstrator of Clinical Surgery and Osteology, and Assistant Dem- onstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1894; now Associate Professor of Surgery and Clinical Professor of Diseases of tihe Rectum; Visiting Physician, Bayview Asylum. Blake, John D. 1889. Born in Mathews County, Va., November 3, 1853. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1875; Vaccine Physician, 1880-81; Vice-President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1893-94; President, Medical and Surgical Society; Professor of Surgery, Bialtimore Medical College; Member of City Council. 1014 West Lafaye'tite Avenue, Baltimiore. *Blake, Thomas. 1820. M.D., University of Maryland, 1820; did not practice, but devoted his life to farming; Censor for Calvert County, 1831 (American Journal of the Medical Sciences) ; Censor, for Calvert County, 1840 (Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal) ; Delegate to National Convention, 1849 ; went South, and died there about i860. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Bloodgood, Joseph Colt. 1894. Born at Milwaukee, Wis., 1866. B.S., University of Wisconsin, 1888; M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, 1891 ; Assistant in Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94; Resident Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1893-97; Asso- 323 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ciate in Surgery, Johns Hopkims University, 1897 — . 923 North Charles Street, Baltimiore. Blum, Joseph. 1890. Born at Maysville, Ky., March 19, 1861, Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1883; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1885; Chief of Clinic, University of Maryland; Visiting Phy- sician, Hebrew^ Hospital ; Consulting Physician, Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Oalverton. 1816 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. BoARDMAN, Joseph C. 1844. Born in Connecticut. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1844. The name occurs in the Librarian's book as taking out books in 1844. *BoARMAN Walter Fairfax. Son of Joseph S. Boarman. Of Bryan- town, Charles County, Md. "Was of the Baltimore school." Practiced about 1830-50; had an extensive practice and was very wealthy. He died early, 1854. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Bodder, Levi D. 1838. Born in Georgia. M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1834; settled at Baltimore. See Treasurer's book and lists of 1848 and 1853. BoDMAN, Philip. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Hagerstown, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Boerstler, George W. Born at Funkstown, Washington County, Md., 1792. M.B., University of Maryland, 1820; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1834; moved to Ohio, 1833. Died at Landaister, O., October 10, 1871. BoLGiANO, Walton., 1896. Born at Baltimore, November 25, 1868. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1889; M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, 1892; Physician tO' Hospital for Consumptives, 1897-98; Lecturer on Osteology, 1895-99, and Demonstrator of Operative Surgery, 1897-99, Baltimore Medical College. 2020 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Bolton, John Henry. Born at Louisville, Ky., September 13, 1840. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, i860; M.D., University of Maryland, 1862; Assistant Surgeon, Seventh Regiment of Mary- land Volunteers, U. S. A., 1863-65. 1120 North Gay Street, Bal- timore. BoMBAUGH, Charles Carroll. 1897. Born at Harrisburg, Pa., Feb- ruary 10, 1828. A.B., 1850, A.M., 1855, Harvard University; M.D., 324 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1853; Surgeon, U. S. V., during the Civil War, 1861-65; Editor of the Baltimore Under- zuriter for thirty-three years ; Medical Examiner for Life Insurance Companies ; Vice-President, American Academy of Medicine, 1882- 94; author of "Gleanings for the Curious," "The Book of Blun- ders," "First Things," "Literature of Kissing," "Stratagems and Conspiracies to Defraud Life Insurance Companies." 836 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Bond, Allen Kerr. 1888. Born 'n Harford County, Md., 1859; son of T. E. Bond, Jr. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1880; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Librarian, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Mairyland; Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children, Baltimore Medical College. 803 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *BoND, Henry D. 1817. Bom in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; moved to Buenos Ayres, South America, where he married the daughter of Dictator Rosas of that country, 1826. Died at Buenos Ayres, 1831 (obituary in Baltimore Gazette, August 18, 1831). See list of 1848. Bond, John W. Son of Dr. Thomas Emerson Bond. M.D., New York University, 1846. Of Baltimore; later, of Ohio. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Address, 2373 Glenwood Street, Toledo, O. *BoND, Joshua. 1820. Son of Henry D. Bond. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819. Of South America. See list of 1848. *BoND, Robert. 1890. M.D., University of Maryland, 1880. Died in Maryland, 1893 or 1894. (There was a doctor of this name near Laurel, Prince George County, Md.) Bond, Summerfield Berry. 1890. Bern at Baltimore, April 9, 1861. Educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire; M.D., Uni- versity of I^.Iaryland, 1883; Chief of Surgical Clinic, University of Maryland, 1883-85 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dis- pensary ; Assistant, Genito-urinary Department, Johns Hopkins University ; Chief of the Genito-urinary Clinic, University of Maryland, 1898-1901 ; Associate Professor of Genito-urinary Sur- gery, 1901 — . 6 West Read Street, Baltimore. *BoND, Thomas Emerson. 1801 (?). Born at Baltimore, February, 1782. Founder of the College of Medicine of Maryland; First Professor of Materia Medica, Medical College of Maryland. 1807; resigned, 1808; Surgeon of Cavalry in Harford County, 1812; M.D. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1819; also D.D.; practiced many years in Baltimore ; President, Medico-Chirurgical Society of Baltimore, 1832-33; Professor, Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1832-35, 1842-43; Member of the City Council, 1837; President of the Board of Health, 1839; President of the Board of Trustees, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1839; a local preacher in the M. E. Church; edited The Itinerant, 1830-31; edited The Christian Advocate and Journal, of New York, for twelve years, 1840-52. His zeal and ability procured for him the title, "Defender of the Church." Died at New York City, March 14, 1856. *BoND, Thomas Emerson, Jr. 1840. Born in Harford County, Md., November, 1813. A.M., Baltimore College, 1830; M.D., University of Maryland, 1834; practiced at Baltimore about fifteen years (Scharf) ; Founder of Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1839; Professor of Special Pathology and Therapeutics, Baltimore Col- lege of Dental Surgery, 1839-72 ; Dean, Baltimore College of Den- tal Surgery, 1842-49; Member of the City Council, 1847; Professor of Materia Medica and Hygiene, Washington University, Balti- more, 1842-51 ; in the reorganization of Washington University, 1867 ; retired from practice, 1853, and removed to Harford County : he was the author of "Treatise on First Dentition" (from the French lof M. Baumes). New York, 1841; "Treatise on Dental Medicine," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1S51-52; " Treatise on Dental Science," 1845; "Life of John Knox;" Joint Editor of Guardian of Health, 1841 ; Editor of the Baltimore Christian Advocate and the Episcopal Methodist; preacher of M. E. Church. Died August ig, 1872. *BoND, Thomas Holdsworth. 1830. Born in Calvert County, Md., December 15, 1807; son of^John Thomas and Sarah Howe Bond. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1830; practiced until his death. He was killed by lightning in the house of his uncle. Dr. James Duke, Calvert County, August 11, 1838. See lists of 1848 and 1853 ; marked dead in the latter. *BoND, Thomas W. 1827. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. BoNNETT, Joseph A. 1891. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890. 2700 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Booker, William D. 1875. Born in Prince Edward County, Va., November, 1844. Educated at Hampden Sidney College, Va., and 326 MORGAN CROWN 1769-1841. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Virginia, 1867; Clinical Reporter, Baltimore Infirmary, 1867-68; Professor of Phy- siology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882-86; Dean, Woman's Medical College, 1882-85 ; Professor of Diseases of Chil- dren, Woman's Medical College, 1886-93; Lecturer on Diseases of Children, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94; Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children, Johns Hopkins University, 1894 — ; Medi- cal Superintendent, Thomas Wilson Sanitarium; Vice-President, Gastro-Enterological Association, 1899-1900. 208 West Monu- ment Street, Baltimore. BoRCK, Mathias Adolph Edward, Jr. About 1870. Born at Ham- burg, Germany, April 18, 1834; son of a German Surgeon. Came to America in 1851 and settled at Baltimore; pupil of Dr. Ed- ward Dwindle; M.D., University of Maryland, 1863; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. ; Assistant Surgeon, Tenth Maryland Infantry, 1863, and of the Third Maryland Cavalry, 1864; resigned the latter position on account of ill health, December, 1864, resum- ing practice at Baltimore; removed to St. Louis, 1870; Professor of Surgical Diseases of Children, College for Medical Practi- tioners, 1882-84 ; later, Professor of Surgery, College for Medical Practitioners ; for many years gave private instruction to graduates at private hospital, practice being exclusively surgical ; Surgeon, Wabash Railroad; Chief Surgeon, City Railroad Syndicate; Special Lecturer at Marion-Sims College; he invented the subcutaneous division of capsule in hip joint disease and the ovarian cyst eleva- tor; resides at St. Louis; no children. See list of 1873. *Bordley, James. 1829. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., Decem- ber 8, 1808. A.M., Washington College, Che'stertown; pupil of Dr. S. Baker, of Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; practiced in Talbot County, 1829-34; at Centerville, 1834-48; in Baltimore, partner of Dr. Theobald, 1848-62; returned finally to Centerville. Died at Centerville, December 6, 1870. BoRDLEY, James. 1879. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., March 14, 1846. M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; President, State Board of Medical Examiners; Health Officer, Queen Anne's County, Md.; resides at Centerville. Bordley, James, Jr. 1899. Born at Centerville, Md., February 20, 1874. Educated at Davis Military College, North Carolina; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; Clinical Assistant, Maryland Univer- sity Hospital ; Assistant Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, and 327 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Clinical Assisfant in Ophthalmology and Otology in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary and the Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital ; Professor of Diseases of Eye and Ear, Woman's Medical College, 1902 — . 520 North Charles Street, Bal- timore. ''BoRDLEY, William H. 1801 (?). Justice of Court and County Lieu- tenant of Kent County, 1777 (Quinan) ; on Committee of Observa- tion (Toner). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the lat- ter. Dr. James Bordley, of Centerville, knows nothing about him. He is mentioned in Wroth's Memoirs as "a respectable physician of Chestertown" and "preceptor of Dr. Edward Worrell." The Records of St. Paul's Parish, Kent County, contain the name of "William Bordley, son of Thomas and Ann Bordley, born Septem- ber 18, 1741." *BoRDLEY, William Wesley. 1844. M.D., University of Maryland, 1842. Of Centerville, Queen Anne's County, Md. Died, 1844-48 (probably 1845). See MS. Archives of the Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty. Quinan says: "Dr. James Boardley died 1851, aged 45 ;" he may mean the above. *BosLEY, Grafton Marsh. 1853. Born in Baltimore County, Md., March 8, 1825. Educated at the Episcopal High School, 1839-43; A.B., Dickinson College, 1844; A.M., Dickinson College, 1847; M.D., University of Maryland, 1847; succeeded to the practice and wealth of his uncle, Josiah Marsh ; settled at Towson ; P.G.M., LO.O.F. ; retired from practice after a few years. Died January 25, igoi. BosLEY, James. 1883. Born at Whitehall, Baltimore County, Md., October i, 1852. Educated in Literature and Medicine at the Uni- versity of Virginia: M.D., University of Virginia, 1874; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1874-75; Vaccine Physician, 1878-80; School Commissioner, Baltimore, 1889-97; Health Commissioner of I Baltimore, 1900 — . iioi West Lanvale Street, Baltimore. BoTELER, William Clarence. 1881. Born in Frederick County, Md., August 4, 1855. Educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; Post-graduate Course at Jefferson Medical College; Clinical Assistant in Ophthalmology and Otology, and Interne, Maryland University Hospital; Surgeon, United States Indian Agency, 1879; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Northwestern Medical 328 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY College, St. Joseph, Mo. ; Professor of Ophthalmology, Otology and Rhinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kansas City, Kansas; publisher of the North American Medical Review and of the Missouri Valley Medical Journal; Vice-President, Medical Department, Kansas City University; returned to Maryland, 1897; resides at Frederick City, Md. Boucher, S. A. 1899. Born near Grantsville, Garrett County, Md., June 8, 1861. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1887; practices at Barton, Md. ''^BouLDEN, James E. P. Born at "Bohemia Manor," Cecil County, Md., July 8, 1825. M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; spent sev- eral years abroad; Vaccine Physician, 1873-75; stock broker; con- nected with the Baltimore press as local reporter ; he was the author of "An American Among Orientals," Philadelphia, 1855, i2mo; "The Presbyterians of Baltimore," Baltimore, 1878. Died at Balti- more, July 18, 1880. *BouRNE, Thomas. Founder. 1799. Of Annapolis. Was dead in 1829. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *BowEN, JosiAH S. 1898. Born in Baltimore County, Md., March i, 1832. Educated at Union Academy; in California, 1854-62; M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; Attending Physician to Almshouse; settled at Mount Washington, Md. Died August 29, 1900. *BowiE, Howard Strafford. 1877. Born in Prince George County, Md., August 10, 1846. Educated at St. Timothy's Hall, Catons- ville, and Washington College, Chestertown, Md. ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1870; Assistant Physician, Baltimore Infirmary, 1870; Visiting Physician, Churdh Home and Infirmary, 1871- 78 (?); one of the founders of the Northwestern Dispensary, 1871; Attending Physician, Northwestern Dispensary, 1871-81; retired from practice, 1890. Died at Bahimore, February 26, 1900. *BowiE, Richard. 1802. {Federal Gaaettc, June 25.) Born in Prince George County, Md., 1782. "Graduated with great honors" (where and when not stated). Died in Prince George County, November 11, 1807. No issue. *BowiE, William. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *BoYD, Lemuel. 1819. M.D. Of Ohio. See list of 1848. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *BoYD, Thomas J. 1818. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1818; Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., March 28, 1820; Surgeon, U. S. N., July 10, 1824. Died at Brooklyn, N. Y., March 26, 1839. See list of 1848. BoYLAND, George Halsted. 1875. Born at Cincinnati, January 19, 1845. A.B., Yale College, 1864; M.D., Leipsic, 1874; decorated for service in French Army during Franco-Prussian War; Vac- cine Physician, Baltimore, 1882-83 ; resides abroad. He is the author of "Six Months under the Red Cross with the French Army." Brack, Charles Emil. 1897. Born at Baltimore, October 19, 1866. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, Baltimore, 1888; M.D., Co'lkge of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1895; Associate Professor oif Obsitetricsi, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Physician in Charge, City Hospital Dispensary; Visiting Obstet- rician, Maryland Lying-in Asylum and Bayview. 500 East Twentieth Street, Baltimore. *Bradford, Charles H. 1853. Born at Bel Air, Md., 1810. M.D., University of Maryland, 1830 ; practiced first at Bel Air, then at Baltimore, returning to Bel Air about 1875. Died at Bel Air, March 26, 1890. See list of 1853. ^Bradford, John. 1801 (?). Pupil of John Archer, 1791-92. See list of 1807; marked dead in the list of 1848. *Brandt, Gerard. 1801 (?). Of Aquasco Mills, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Branham, Joseph Henry. 1890. Born in Walker County, Ga., May 7, 1857. Educated at Chatata Academy, Tenn. ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1879; Resident Physician, Maternite and City Hospital; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and Associate Professor of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1881-95; Professor of Clinical and Operative Surgery, Baltimore University, 1896-97; Professor of Obstetrics and Clinical Gynaecology, Baltimore University, 1897-98; one of the founders of the Maryland Medical College, 1898; Pro- fessor of Surgery and Abdominal Surgery, Maryland Medical Col- lege, 1898 — ; President, Clinical Society of Maryland, 1893-94. 22'X) Eutaw Place, Baltimore. *Brannan, George. 1801 (?). See list of 1807. He was still living in 1848. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Brashear, Baltzer. i8oi(?). Of Frederick County. See list of 1807. *Brashear, Belt. Born in Frederick County, Md., 1770. M.D. (said to have studied in Philadelphia) ; married Ann Cook and settled at Shepherdstown, W. Va. ; after a short time returned to Marj'land; practiced successfully at Newmarket, Frederick County, Md., where he died in 1834, aged 64. Bratton, Howard. 1898. Born near Elkton, Md., June 30, 1859. A.B. and A.M., Princeton College; admitted to Cecil County Bar, 1881; B.S. and M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1885; Health Officer, Cecil County, Md. ; practices at Elkton, Md. Brawner, John B. 1883. Born in Virginia, August 16, 1852. In the drug business from 1865 to 1870; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872 ; settled at once at Emmitsburg, and has been in active practice there ever since; Physician, Mount St. Mary's College and St. Joseph's Academy. Brayshaw, Thomas H. 1892. Born in Baltimore County, Md., Octo- ber 19, 1859. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1892; practices at Glen Burnie, Md. Breda, G. P. 1833. M.D. See Treasurer's receipts and list of 1848. Bkent, William T. 1832. M.D., University of Maryland, 1832. Of New Orleans. See list of 1848. *Brereton, John A. 1808. Born in Maryland. Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., September i, 1808; Surgeon, U. S. N., March 4, 1811; re- signed, July II, 1815; appointed from Maryland Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., July I, 1821. Died April 22, 1839 (Hammersley). See list of 1848. Bressler, Frank C. 1890. Born at New York City, 1859. Educated at Gymnasium Frankenthal, Bavaria, and State Normal School, Pennsylvania; pupil of Dr. J. W. Chambers; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885; House Physician, City Hospital, 1885-86; Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children, Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons; Associate Professor of Practice of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society; Surgeon, Pennsylvania Railroad; Physician, German Orphan Asylum and German Hos- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY pital for the Aged; Consulting Physician, Hebrew Hospital. 1113 Bank Street, Baltimore. *Brewer, George G. 1874. Born in 1834. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1856. Died at Baltimore, April 8, 1895. Brewer, Marbury. 1853. Born at Annapolis, May 28, 1830. B.A., St. John's College, 1846; M.A., St. John's College, M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1850; practiced at Annapolis, 1850-52; since then practiced at Baltimore ; Physician to St. Vincent's Infant Asylum. He is a Homoeopathic Physician. See list of 1853. Brinton^ Wilmer. 1881. Born in Chester County, Pa., March 15, 1853. Graduated from Friends' High School, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Professor of Obstetrics, Baltimore Medical College; President, Medical and Surgical Society, Balti- more, 1879-80; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1896-97, 1902-03. 1232 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. Briscoe, Alexander H. M.D. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. *Briscoe, Charles Lewellyn. 1824. Born at Chaptico, St. Mary's County, Md., about 1805. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; Censor, 1840. Died in Charles County, Md., near Wicomico River, about 1880. See Treasurer's MS. book. *Briscoe, John Hanson. 1816., Born at Chaptico, St. Mary's County, Md., December 10, 1789; son of Dr. J. H. Briscoe. Educated at Charlotte Hall (?), M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 181 1; Cap- tain, Sterrett's Brigade, Maryland Militia, War of 1812; practiced in St. Mary's County for twenty years, removing to Baltimore about 1836; Judge of the Orphans' Court, Baltimore; Naval Officer of Baltimore, under President Pierce. Died at Baltimore, September, 1855. Briscoe, Philip. 1891. Born in Calvert County, Md., October 4, 1855. Educated ait Charlotte Hall, St. John's College and Agricultural College; pupil of Dr. C. F. Bevan; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1880; Resident Physician, Bayview Asy- lum, 1880-81 ; Vice-President, Maryland Public Health Association, 1897-98; President, Calvert County Medical Society, 1899; prac- tices at Mutual, Md. *Briscoe, Walter Hanson Stone. 1824. Born in Charles County, Md., 1800. Educated at Charlotte Hall; pupil of Dr. N. R. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Smith; M.D.; practiced and farmed in St. Mary's County. Died at Sotterley, St. Mary's County, Md., December 30, 1885. Bromwell, John E. 1890. M.D., University of Maryland, 1867. Of Ridgeville, Frederick County, Md. Bromwell, Robert Evans. 1880. Born in Cecil County, Md., 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; practices at Port Deposit, Md. Brooke, Charles H. 1898. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., October 19, 1866. Educated at Episcopal High School; pupil of Dr. N. F. Hill ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; practiced at Knoxville, Tenn., 1891-93, and since then at Baltimore ; Examiner for yEtna Life and Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, and I. O. H. Address, Brooklyn, Anne Arundel County, Md. *Broome, John Mackall. 1828. Born in Maryland, 1808. B.A., St. John's College, 1827 (?) ; M.D., Washington Aledical College, Balti- more, 1828; Censor, Calvert County, 1840. Died at St. Mary's City, Md., July 28, 1887. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Brotherton, James. 1822. Of Wayesburg, Pa. See list of 1848. *Broughton, Henry B. Born in Cecil County, Md. 1800. Edu- cated at West Nottingham Academy; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1822; practiced near Port Deposit. Died near Port Deposit, Octobei 6, 1852. See lists 1848 and 1853. Brown, Francis Edward. 1898. Born at Baltimore, March 26, 1867. A.B., Georgetown University, 1887; studied at Johns Hopkins University, 1889-90; M.D., University of Maryland, 1893; studied in Europe, 1895-97; Resident Physician, St. Agnes' Hospital, Balti- more, 1892-94; Visiting Physician, St. Agnes' Hospital, 1898 — . 917 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *Brown, George. 1801 (?). Born in Ireland, 1755. A.M., Univer- sity of Glasgow; M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1779 (Thesis, "De Cortice Peruviano") ; came to Baltimore in 1783; one of the founders of the first medical society in Baltimore, 1788; of the first public library in Baltimore, 1796; of the Baltimore College, 1804; of the College of Medicine of Maryland (University of Maryland) ; appointed Professor of Practice of Medicine in the 333 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY College of Medicine of Maryland by Charter, but resigned at the first meeting of Regents, 1807; President of the Board of Regents, College of Medicine of Maryland, 1807-12; Consulting Physician, Baltimore Hospital, 1812. He was an enlightened and public-spirited citizen. Died August 24, 1822. *Brown, Gustavus Richard. Founder. 1799. Born at "Rich Hill," near Port Tobacco, Charles County Md., October 17, 1747; son of Gustavus Brown, the emigrant. M.D., Univeisity of Edinburgh, 1768; Inaugural Dissertation, "De Ortu Animalium Caloris," 8vo, pp. 43 ; "walked" London Hospitals several months ; Member of Legislature of Maryland, 1774; on Committee of Correspondence and Observation, 1776; established a hospital for the inoculation of smallpox, 1776; Judge of Charles County Court, 1776-77; Mem- ber of the State Convention, 1788; Visitor, St. John's College, Annapolis, 1789; Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Masons of Mary- land, 1797-98; in consultation with Drs. Craik and Dick in the last illness of General Washington, of whom he was a personal friend; May 15, 1769, married Peggy Graham. "Over six feet in height and well propoTtioned; pleasant and affable; a fine classi- cal scholar; particularly fond of botany. His office was full of students." Died at "Rich Hill," near Port Tobacco. September 30, 1804; buried at "Rose Hill." *Brown, Gustavus. Founder. 1799. Born at "Maiden Side," near Edinburgh, Scotland, 1744. Studied seven years at Edinburgh; M.D., University of Edinburgh 1770 (Thesis, "De Cynanche Phlog- ist.") ; married widow of Dr. Ireland, but left no issue; was sent for to attend Washington in his last illness, but hearing of his death on the way returned home without seeing him. He was an eminent practitioner of St. Mary's County. Died at "Sum- merseat," St. Mary's County, Md., July 3, 1801. *Brown, James. Born at Baltimore, November 12, 1854; brother of T. R. Brown. Educated at the University of Maryland and Carey's School ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital; on Dispensary Staff, Baltimore Infirmary; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary; in charge of the Department of Genito-urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, from its opening, 1889; Lecturer on Genito- urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94; Associate in Genito-urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1894-95. He was the first surgeon in the world to catheterize the male ureter during life. Died on steamer en route to Boston, June 16, 1895. 334 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Brown, Morgan, Jr. Founder. 1799. Bom 1769; eldest son of Joseph Brown, a farmer Oif Quaker Neck, Kent County, Md. Edu- cated at the Free School of Chestertown and Washington College (no degree) ; situdent of Dr. Edward Worrell ; being the oldest student he was frequently called to the bedside of the sick in the absence of his teacher, and such was his prudence and tact that when a mere tyro, he won golden opinions; attended lectures in Philadelphia, 1790-91; near the end of his course (Febru- ary, 1791,) a general inoculation was practiced in Kent County, and he was called home to assist without receiving a diploma; being taken into partnership by Dr. Worrell, he entered at once on a large practice ; having a strong taste for study, he lost no opportunity to improve his mind and add to his knowledge. He was highly esteemed by his professional brethren. In 1840 he had a severe attack of typhoid fever, which broke him down both physi- cally and mentally. He wais noted for the neatness of his appear- ance and the maturity of his judgment (Wroth, Trans., 1873). He was an ardent Federalist. Died October 6, 1841. *Brown, Nathan. 1826. Born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. M.D. University of Maryland, 1826; credited first to Kent County; later, settled in Carroll County, Md. ; Censor, 1840; State Senator, 1867-71 ; he practiced forty-five years ; never married ; he was a philanthropist. Died near Freedom, Carroll County, Md., 1873. Brown, Richard W. 1853. M.D., University of Maryland, 1853. Of Baltimore. See list of 1853. *Brown, Septimus. 1853. Born in 1827. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1849. Died at Baltimore, January 31, 1883. *Brown, Thomas Richardson. 1874. Born in Kent County, Md., April 6, 1845. Educated at the School of Letters, University of Maryland; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1866; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1866-70; began practice at Baltimore, 1867; Professor of Clinical and Operative Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1873; Professor of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons; President, Medical and Surgical Society, Baltimore, 1879. Died at Balti- more, January 26, 1879. Brown, Thomas Richardson. 1899. Born at Baltimore, September II, 1872; son of last-named. Graduated from Baltimore City College, 1889; A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1892; M.D., Johns 22 335 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hopkins Medical School, 1897; House Medical Oiificer, Johns Hop- kins Hospital, 1897-98; Instructor in Medicine and Chief of Medi- cal Gliniic, Johns Hopkins Dispenslary; Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons. 1033 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Browne, Bennet Bernard. 1875. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., June 16, 1842. Educated at Loyola College, Baltimore; in C. S. A. (Cavalry), 1861-65; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1867-68 ; Attending Physi- cian, Baltimore Special Dispensary; "Established the first wo- man's hospital and dispensary at Baltimore, May 10, 1876" (pers. com'n) ; one of the Founders of the Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882; Professor of Gynsecology, Woman's Medical Col- lege, 1882 — ; Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Balti- more Polyclinic, 1884; President, Clinical Society of Maryland, 1884-85 ; President, Gynaecological and Obstetrical Society of Balti- more, 1892-93. 510 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Brownley, Joseph. Pupil of John Archer, M.B. ; practiced in Har- ford County, Md. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. *Bruce, Charles D. 181 i. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1811 (?) (Potter's Lyceum, 1811). Of Pekerwaxon, Charles County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. (There was a Dr. Charles Bruce of Revolutionary times, of Nottingham, Prince George County, Md. ; also a Dr. Walter Bruce, of the same place.) *Bruce, Philip D. 181 i. Of Georgetown, D. C. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Said to have been alive in 1848. Brues, Thomas. 1834. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. *Brundige, Henry. 1814. Born at Dumfries, Va., May 15, 1791. M.D., University of Pennsylvania 1813; Hospital Surgeon's Mate, May 16, 1813 ; resigned, February 3, 1814 (Toner) ; settled at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, October 10, 1865. See list of 1848. *Brune, Thomas Barton. 1881. Born at Waverly, near Baltimore, June 4, 1856. B.A., St. John's College, 1875 ; A.M., St. John's Col- lege, 1878; pupil of Dr. F. Donaldson; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1878; Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1879-80; began 336 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY practice at Baltimore, 1880; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service; Professor of Practice, etc., Baltimore Poly- clinic, 1884; Physician to St. Joseph's Hospital and Maryland School for the Blind; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland; he edited "Analysis of Urine," by Hoffmann and Ultzmann (Translated by T. B. Brune and H. Holbrook), 8vo, New York, 1879 (three editions). Died at Baltimore, November 9, 1891. Brush, Edward N. 1892. Born at Glenv^^ood, Erie County, New York, April 23, 1852. M.D., Medical Department, University of Buffalo, 1874; Lecturer on Electro-Therapeutics, Medical Depart- ment, University of Buffalo, 1877-79; Assistant Physician, State Hospital for the Insane, Utica, N. Y., 1878-84; Assistant Physician, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia, 1884-91 ; Super- intendent, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, 1891 — ; Associate Editor, and Editor, Buffalo Medical Journal 1874-79; Associate Editor, American Journal of Insanity, 1878-84 and 1897 — ; Pro- fessor of Psychiatry, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1896- 99; Professor of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1899 — ; a contributor to Wood's "Reference Hand-book of Medical Science," to Keating's "Cyclopaedia of Diseases of Children," and to Hare's "System of Therapeutics." *Bryan, Guy. 1836. Not an M.D. Of North East, Cecil County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Bryarly, Wakeman. Pupil of John Archer, M.B. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1805 ; Bel Air, 1815 ; Censor, 1819. Died in Har- ford County, Md., 1821. *Bryarly Wakeman. 1845. Born in Harford County, Md., 1820 (?). M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1840; Vaccine Physician, 1846; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Washington University, Balti- more, 1847. Died about 1847. BuBERT, Charles H. 1888. Born at Baltimore, September 17, 1864. Educated at Baltimore City College; in mercantile business for four years ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1888; Sanitary Inspector, Health Department; Medical Examiner, I. O. H.; Demonstrator of Minor Surgery, Maryland Medical College. 1928 Pennsylvania Avenue, Baltimore. *Buchanan, George. Founder, ijgg. Born at "The Palace," Balti- more County, Md., September 19, 1763; son of Andrew Buchanan 337 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and grandson of Dr. George Buchanan, the emigrant. Pursued medical studies under Dr. Charles Frederick Wiesenthal, of Balti- more, and Dr. William Shippen, of Philadelphia; then spent about three years in Europe, chiefly at Edinburgh; President, Royal Phy- sical Society, Edinburgh; M.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1785; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1789 (title of Thesis "Dissertatio Physiologica de Causis Respirationis ejusdemque Affectibus") ; began practice at Baltimore, 1789; one of the founders of the first medical society, 1789; Lecturer on Obstetrics, 1789-90; Member of the City Council, 1797; Magistrate, 1798; retired from practice on account of bad health, 1800; moved to Philadelphia, 1806; Resident Physician, Philadelphia LazarettO', v^rhere he died, July 9, 1808, of yellow fever; he was 'tlhe author of a "Treatise upon Typhus," 1789, pp. 25. He -was a man of advanced views and public spirit. Buck, Jefferies. 1897. Born at Port Gibson, Miss., September 29, 1869. Graduated from Chamberlain Hunt High School, 1886; A.B., University of Mississippi, 1891 ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1895. 105 1 Aisquith Street, Baltimore. *BucK, John Stansbury. 1831. Born on Philadelphia Road, near Baltimore, 1803 ; son of John Buck, of Baltimore. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1825 ; located in practice at Warren Factory, Baltimore County, Md. Died at Warren Factory, 1847. See list of 1848. *BucKLER, John. 1817. Born near Baltimore, August 31, 1795. Pupil of Dr. Stevenson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; partner of Dr. Stevenson for three years; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1816-17; Vaccine Physician, 1821-23; Lec- turer on Anatomy, University of Maryland; Adjunct Professor of Anatomy, University of A'laryland, 1826-27; Attending Physi- ^- cian, Baltimore General Dispensary. A great family physician. Died at Baltimore, February 24, 1866. *BucKLER, RiGGiN, 1875. Born at Baltimore, November 4, 1831. A.B., Harvard, 1851; pupil of his father. Dr. John Buckler; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853; in European Hospitals, 1853-57; set- tled at Baltimore, 1857; Surgeon-General of Maryland. Died at Narragansett Pier, R. L, August 31, 1884. *BucKLER, Thomas Hepburn. Born at "Evergreen," near Balti- more, January 4, 1812. Educated at St. Mary's College, Balti- more ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1835 ; began practice at Bal- timore; Physician to Baltimore City Almshouse for eight years, 338 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1840-44 and 1846-50 (Q.) : from 1866-90 practiced at Paris under license from the French Government; returned to Baltimore in 1890; in 1878, Commissioner of Maryland to International Exposi- tion at Paris ; he was the author of "Introduction of Water of Gun- powder River into Baltimore," 1847; "History of Epidemic of Cholera at Baltimore Almshouse," 185 1 ; "Proposal to fill up the Basin," 1852, and later; "Bronchitis and Rheumatic Pneumonia," 1853. Died at Baltimore, April 20, 1901. Buckler, Thomas Hepburn, Jr., 1890. Born at Baltimore, October 4, 1865 ; son of Riggin Buckler. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1886; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Consulting Physician, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital. 807 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *BucKNER, Charles S. 1846. Born at Richmond, Va., 1821. M.D., University of Maryland, 1843; traveled extensively and practiced in South America and San Francisco. Died at Baltimore, March 2, 1899. BuDDENBOHN, Charles Lewis. 1887. Bom in Westphalia, Ger- many, September 24, 1851; son of Frederick Buddenbohn. Emi- grated to America, i86g; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1873; Coroner, 1897-98. 418 South Paca Street, Baltimore. BuFFiNGTON, JoHN A. 1897. Born at New Windsor, Carroll County, Md., May 7, 1862. Graduated from New Windsor College, 1882; M.D., Jefferson, 1884; Resident Physician, Jefferson College Hos- pital, 1884-85; began practice in Carroll County, 1895; resides at New Windsor, Md. *BuFFiNGTON, JoHN F. 1870 (?). Born near Taneytown, Carroll County, Md., 1828. A.B., Amherst College, Mass.; M.D., Jeffer- son Medical College, 1855. Died at New Windsor, Carroll County, Md., 1896 (Trans., 1870, Baltimore Medical Journal and Bulletin). Bull, Benjamin H. D. 1853. Born in Baltimore County, Md., January 18, 1824. Pupil of Dr. John C. Orrick; M.D., Washing- ton University, Baltimore; practiced at Baltimore. Died in Balti- more County, Md., August 25, 1873. Trans., 1874. BuRCH, William Baltzell. 1892. Born at Baltimore, November 20, 1866. Graduated from Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; Vaccine Physician; Police Surgeon, 1900. 511 Hanover Street, Baltimore. 339 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *BuRGis (or Burgess), Thomas. i8oi (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. BuRKiTT, Newton. 1827. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. BussEY, Henry G. 1836. Not an M.D. Of Broad Creek, Harford County, Md.; later, of York, Pa. See lists of 1848, 1853, 1873 and 1875. Butler, John De Camp. 1896. Born at Norfolk, Va., July 5, i860. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; practices at Bel Air, Md. Bye, Charles P. 1835. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jefiferson, 1831. See list of 1848. Of Chester Co., Pa. Byrd, Charles C. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1821. Of Fred- erick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and. 1853. Byrd, Harvey Leonidas. Born at Salem, S. C, August 8, 1820. A.M. (Honorary), Emory College, Ga. ; attended Jefiferson Medical College and Pennsylvania College, taking M.D. from the latter, 1840, and from the University of Pennsylvania, 1867; practiced successively at Sumter and Georgetown, S. C, Savannah, Ga., and Baltimore ; Professor of Materia Medica and Dean of Savannah Medical College; Professor of Practice and Dean of Oglethorpe Medical College; Surgeon, C. S. A.; assisted in reorganizing Washi- ington University Medical School, 1867; Dean and Professor of Obstetrics, Washington University Medical School, 1867-72; one of the founders of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1872 ; Professor of Practice, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1872-73; Professor of Diseases of Women and Children, 1873-74; Vaccine Physician, 1873 ; one of the founders of the Baltimore Medi- cal College, 1881 ; first President, Epidemiological Society of Mary- land; Editor, Oglethorpe Medical and Surgical Journal, for three years; Editor, Independent Practitioner, Bialtimore. Died at Balti- more, November 29, 1884. Byrenheidt, a. 1822. Of New Orleans. See list of 1848. Byrne, Bernard James. 1895. Born at Pikesville, Md., September 8, 1848. Educated at Borromeo' College; pupil of Dr. Laurence Byrne; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1871; A. A. Surgeon, 340 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY U. S. A., 1872-73 and 1880-90 ; in hospitals of New York, 1874-80; practiced at Ellicott City since 1890; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ; Physician to Oella Dispensary and to St. Charles College. *Byrne, Bernard M. Born in Ireland, 1807. Educated at Trin- ity College, Dublin; removed to Maryland; M.D., and Latin Med- alist, University of Maryland, 1828; Physician to Hibernian Soci- ety, Baltimore, 1828; appointed from Maryland, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., May 20, 1836; appointed Major and Surgeon, March 31, 1853; he was the author of "Essay to Prove Contagious Character of Cholera," -etc., 8vo, Baltimore, 1833. Died of yellow fever, Charleston, S. C, September 6, i860. *Byrne, Charles. 1822 (?). Born in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; removed to Maryland; M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; rem'oved from Mlaryland to Florida. Died on St. John's River, Florida, 1854. *Byrne, John. Born at Baltimore, October 20, 1816. A.M., St. Mary's College, Baltimore, 1837; M.D., University of Maryland, 1837; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1837; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., August 2, 1838; resigned, December 22, 1846; settled in Missouri, 1846; again in U. S. A., March 2, 1849; resigned, October 11, 1857; located at St. Mary's, Mo., 1857. Died at St. Mary's, 1887. *Cadden, Charles William. 1875. Born at Shepherdstown, Va., March 11, 1830; son of Rev. R. Cadden. Educated at Light Street Institute; pupil of Dr. Thomas E. Bond; M.D., Washington Uni- versity, 1850; Assistant Surgeon, Purnell Legion, U. S. A., 1861 ; later, Surgeon, Fourth Regiment of Maryland Irifantry and Army of the Potomac; after practicing in Plarford County, 1865, re- moved to Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, March 26, 1879. Cairnes, George Henry. 1880. Born in Harford County, Md., May I, 1838. Educated at Tuscarora Academy, Juniata County, Pa.; pupil of Drs. S. C. Chew and J. H. Butler; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; Resident Student, Almshouse; practiced in Har- ford County, Towson and Woodberry; settled at Baltimore, 1892; United States Marshal, 1886-90. 21 West Twenty-fifth Street, Baltimore. *Caldwell, John B. 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1816; an incorporator of the Medical Society of Maryland, Baltimore, 1817; MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Physician to Almshouse, 1820. Died of yellow fever at Baltimore, 1820. See list of 1848. Caldwell, John Jabez. 1874. Born at Oakhill, New Castle County, Del., April 28, 1836. Educated at Bullock's Academy; M.D., New York Medical College, i860; practiced at New York, 1860-62, and at Brooklyn, 1866-73; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-65; on Brooklyn Board of Health, 1866-67; Surgeon, Brooklyn Cen- tral Dispensary, 1867-68; settled at Baltimore, 1873; Sanitary In- spector, Health Department, Baltimore. 1814 Edmondson Avenue, Baltimore. *Caldwell, Samuel H. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Baltimore County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Calvert, Edward H. 1833. M.D.; Member of the General Assembly of Maryland, 1803 ; Censor, Prince George County, Md., 1840. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Cameron, Martin Frederick J. 1897. Born at Kingston, Ontario, Canada, February 10, 1869; son of Angus Cameron. Educated at Junction Union School and Collegiate Institute ; pupil of Dr. George W. Whitney; M.D., Baltimore University, 1890; Professor of Physiology, Milwaukee Medical College, 1891-92; Professor of Anatomy and Genito-urinary Surgery, Milwaukee Medical Col- lege, 1894-95. 406 North Broadway, Bialtimore. Campbell, Robert Hamilton. 1897. Born at Portsmouth, Va., Octo- ber I, 1866. Educaited at Atkinson's School, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Resident Physician, Ba3rview Hospi- tal, 1889-90; Physician in Charge, Soo-Ohlow-Foo Hospital, China, 1890-92 ; in Europe, 1892 ; commenced practice at Macon, Ga., later removing to Baltimore ; removed to 1320 Spruce Street, Philadel- phia, 1902. Campbell, William H. H. 1882. M.D., University of Maryland, 1869 ("Va.") ; Visiting Physician, Maryland Asylum and Training School for Feeble-Minded, Owings' Mills, Baltimore County, Md. *Canfield, William Buckingham. 1882. Born at Baltimore, 1857. A.B., Princeton; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; M.D., Uni- versity of Berlin, 1886; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland, a Founder and Attending Physician, Hospital for Con- sumptives; Attending Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary and MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Bayview Asylum; Editor, Maryland Medical Journal; Associate Editor, Health Magazine, Baltimore ; he was the author of "Practi- cal Notes on Urinary Analysis" (two editions) ; "Hygiene of the Sick Room," 1892; and translator of Seifert and MuUer's "Clini- cal Diagnosis," 1887. Died at New York City, December 26, 1899, from a fall causing fracture of the skull. Carey, Charles James. 1899. Born at Berlin, Md., May 11, 1871. Graduated from Buckingham Academy, 1887; M.D., College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1897; First Assistant Physician, Baltimore Insane Asylum (Bayview), 1897-98; Assistant Physician, Second Hospital for Insane ("Springfield"), Sykesville, Md. *Carey, Robert C. I. 1825. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1825. Of Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Carpenter, George Henry. 1895. M.D., University of Maryland, 1868 ("Va.") ; practices at Cumberland, Md., residing on the West Vir- ginia side of the Potomac. *Carr, Mortimer A. R. F. 1890. Born in Virginia, 1831. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1851. Died at Cumberland, Md., March 24, 1898. *Carrere, Edward W. 1827. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ; Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1829 ; on Committee to Nominate Censors, 1831 ; Physician to Cholera Hospital No. 2, Baltimore, 1832; believed to have been connected with the Court in some way; was present at the trial of Dr. Hall, 1843, as reporter. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Carrico, Louis C. 1897. Born in Charles County, Md., November 23, i860. A.B., and A.M., Rock Hill College, Md. ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1885; Member of House of Delegates, 1892-94; Member of Maryland Senate, 1894-96; practices at Hughesville, Charles County, Md. Carroll, Charles John. 1897. Born at Dennisville, Cape May County, N. J., December 16, 1872. Engaged in Pharmacy; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1895 ; Assistant in Surgery, Dispen- sary, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895-96; Assistant in Gynaecology, Dispensary, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897-99. 1732 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. 343 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ♦Carroll, George A. 1819. Born in Montgomery County, Md. Studied medicine at Baltimore; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810; appointed from Maryland Post Surgeon, February 17, 1817; re- signed, October 24, 1818; settled in practice at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Carroll, James J. 1899. Born at Baltimore, January 27, 1866. Edu- cated at St. Charles College, Ellicott City, and Loyola College, Baltimore; A.M., Loyola College; M.D., and Gold-Medalist, Uni- versity of Maryland, 1893 ; Assistant Resident Physician, Univer- sity Hospital, 1893-94; Resident Physician, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1894; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital ; Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon, St Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore. 114 West Franklin Street, Balti- more. Carter, Merville Hamilton. 1892. Born at Middletovi^n, Frederick County, Va., August 21, 1856. Educated at Polytechnic Institute, Newmarket, Va, ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Bal- timore, 1878; for fifteen ydars Visiting Physician to Hebrew Or- phan Asylum ; for six years a member of the Board of S-'-hool Com- missioners of Baltimore. 1800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Caruthers, Frederick. 1899. Born at Nashville, Tenn., February 2, 1870. Educated at the University of Arkansas ; pupil of Drs. Breedlove and Southard, Fort Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1892 ; Assistant Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1892; Assistant Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1892-93; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1893-95 ; Professor of Anatomy and Pathology, Baltimore University, and Svirgeon, Baltimore Gen- eral Dispensary, 1897; Professor of Anatomy and Genito-uri- nary Surgery, Maryland Medical College. 2229 East Pratt Street, Baltimore. *Cass, David M. 1828. M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1828 ("New Hampshire"). Of Boston. In list of 1848 marked dead. Cassidy, Henry Francis. 1898. Born at Baltimore, September 14, 1869; son of Francis Cassidy. A.B. and A.M., Loyola College, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1890. 408 Roland Ave- nue, Baltimo're. Cathell, Daniel Webster. 1875. Born in Worcester County, Md., November 29, 1839. Studied at the University of Maryland and 344 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Long Island College Hospital ; M.D., Long Island College Hos- pital, 1865 ; settled at Baltimore ; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society, 1872-73 ; Surgeon, Eighth Regiment of M. N. G. ; Professior of Pathology, College of Physicians, and Surgeons, Bal- timore, 1873-75. 1308 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Cathell, William Thackeray. 1886. Born at Baltimore, December 4, 1864. A.B., Loyola College, 1884; A.M., Loyola College, 1896; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1886; Specialist in Diseases of the Nose and Throat. 1308 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Caussin, Nathaniel Pope. Born in Maryland, 1781. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1805 ; practiced at Port Tobacco, Md., for thirteen years; Censor, 1817; removed to Washington, D. C, 1818; Judge of the Orphans' Court, Washington, 1838-49. Died at Washington, D. C, November 14, 1849. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Chabot, Gabriel Henry. 1890. Born at Baltimore, April 19, 1861. Educated at the Maryhi^nd Agricultural College; pupil of Dr. W. B. Canfield; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883; House Physician, University Hospital, 1883-85; Vaccine Physician, 1891. 11 11 East Preston Street, Baltimore. Chadwick, James Read. Honorary. 1897. Born at Boston, Mass., November 2, 1844. A.B., Harvard 1865; in Europe, 1865-67; A.M., Harvard, and M.D., Harvard Medical School, 1871 ; special stu- dent in Obstetrics in Europe, 1871-73 ; Lecturer, Harvard Medical School, 1873, and opened special dispensary for women; a Founder of Boston Medical Library Association, 1875 ; Perpetual Librarian, Boston Medical Library Association; a Founder of American Gyn- aecological Association, 1876; Secretary of American Gynaecological Association, 1876-83 ; Instructor in Gynaecology, Harvard Medical School, 1882 ; a Founder of Harvard Medical Alumni Association, 1890; President, Massachusetts Cremation Society. Ciiaille, Stanford Emerson. Hottorary. 1879. Born at Natchez, Miss., July 9, 1830. A.B., Harvard, 1851; A.M., Harvard, 1853; M.D., University of Louisiana, 1853; M.D., Tulane University, Louisiana, 1884; Resident Physician, United States Marine Hos- pital, New Orleans, 1853-54; Resident Physician, Circus Street In- firmary, 1854-60; Co-Editor, Nezv Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, 1857-68; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Loui- 345 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY siana, 1858-67; Acting Surgeon-General of Louisiana, 1861-62; Sur- geon, C. S. A., 1862-65; Lecturer on Obstetrics, University of Loui- siana, 1865-66; Professor of Physiological and Pathological Anatomy, University of Louisiana, 1867; Professor of Obstetrics, University of Louisiana, 1876; Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, Tulane University, 1885; Dean of the Medical Department, Tulane University, 1885. New Orleans, La. *Chaisty, Edward J. 1853. Born near Baltimore, December 22, 1813. A.B., St. Mary's College, 1832; Preceptor, St. Mary's College, 1832-35; student of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1837; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39; Assistant Health Commissioner, Balti- more, 1849 ; Vaccine Physician, 1854 ; Member of Maryland Legis- lature, 1867, 1871, 187s, 1877; he vi^as the author of "The London Dissector," etc., Baltimore, 1839, i2mo, pp. o.'jz- Died at Baltimore, August 16, 1882. Chalmers, George W. 1828. M.D., Washington Medical College, Bal- timore, 1828. Of Baltimore County, Md. See list of 1848. *Chamberlaine, Joseph Ennalls Meuse. 1878. Born at Clora's Point, Talbot County, Md., February 18, 1826. Educated at the Academies of Cambridge and Easton, Md. ; practiced at Easton, and was also interested in agriculture; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1849 ; President, Talbot County Medical Society, 1892 ; re- tired from practice a few years ago-. Died at Easton, January 30, 1901. Chambers, John Wesley. 1881. Born in Kent County, Del, Sep- tember 9, 1856. Educated at Centerville Academy, Md. ; pupil of Dr. J. A. Holton ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Bal- timore, 1878 ; Assistant Physician, and later. Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1878-80 ; Prosector, College of Physicians and Sur- geons, 1879-81 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1881-91 ; Professor of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1891-94; Professor of Operative and Clinical Sur- gery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1894 — ; Professor of Op- erative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy. Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; Demonstrator, and later. Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery; Vice-President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1892-93; President, Baltimore Medical Association; President, Medical and Surgical Society; Consulting Physician, 346 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hebrew and St. Joseph's Hospitals. i8 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Chancellor, Charles W. 1882. Born near Fredericksburg, Va., Feb- ruary 19, 1833. Educated at Georgetown College and the Univer- sity of Virginia ; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1853 ; practiced at Alexandria until 1861 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; at Memphis, 1865-68; settled at Baltimore, 1868; Professor of Anatomy, Dean, and later, Professor of Surgery, Washington University, Balti- more, 1868-73 ; Emeritus Professor and President, Washington University, 1873-77; Commissioner of Public Schools, 1871-72; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1870; Member of the First Branch City Council, 1872-76; Member of the Second Branch City Council, and President, 1877-79; President of the Board of Managers, Maryland Insane Asylum, 1879-80; Secre- tary of the Maryland State Board of Health, 1876; Editor, Sani- tary Messenger; Consul to Havre, France; resides at Washington, D. C. Chaney, Thomas Morris. 1897. Born at Richmond, Va., September 28, 1842. A.B. and A.M., Dickinson College; taught in Maryland Public Schools, 1862-64; M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; A. A. Surgeon, U. S. A.; Health Officer, Calvert County, Md. Of Dunkirk, Md. Chaplain, James Stevens. 1897. Born at Trappe, Md., May 5, 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1854; resides at Trappe, Md. *Chapman, John. 1817. Not a graduate. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. (There is a "Chapman, John, Pa., 1826," in list of graduates of the University of Pennsylvania. A Dr. Chapman was present at the annual convention of 1830.) *Chapman, John S. Born in Maryland, 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1847; lived at Baltimore; later, at Washington; later, at New York. Died at Plainfield, N. J., July 15, 1871. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Chapman, Nathaniel. 1877. Born in Charles County, Md., August 26, 1842; son of Pearson Chapman. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy and Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa. ; left college in his senior year and joined C. S. A. as Lieutenant of First Maryland Cavalry, 1861-65; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; 347 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY began practice near Glymont, Md., but moved to Washington, D. C. He resided at 1212 K Street N. W., Washington, D. C. Died, 1899, of Bright's Disease. Chapman, Pearson, Jr. 1875. Born at Glymont, Md., August 5, 1840; son of Pearson Chapman. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy, and Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa. ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1865; began practice at Baltimore, 1870; Vac- cine Physician, Baltimore, 1873 ; moved to Perryman's, Harford County, Md., 1876, where he still resides. Chappelear, Harry C. 1899. Born at Hughesville, Charles County, Md., May 16, 1873. Educated at Charlotte Hall Military Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1897; a Justice of the Peace; prac- tices at Hughesville, Md. *Chappell, Philip S. 1829. M.D., Washington Medical College, Bal- timore, 1829. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Chatard, Ferdinand Edme. 1830. Born at Baltimore, August 3, 1805. A.B., St. Mary's College, Baltimore, 1824; pupil of his father (Dr. Pierre Chatard) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; studied three years in Europe. Died at Baltimore, October 18, 1888. *Chatard, Ferdinand Edme, Jr. 1878. Born at Baltimore, October 7, 1839; son of F. E. Chatard. A.B., Mount St. Mary's College, Em- mitsburg, 1858; A.M., Mount St. Mary's College, i860; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861; Resident Physician, Almshouse, 1861-62; studied in Europe two and one-half years; Lecturer on the Diseases of Wo'men and Children, Summer Course, University of Maryland, and Attending Physician to Special Dispensary, 1866; President, Clinical Society of Maryland, 1877-78; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1877-78; Professor of Dis- eases of Children, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; Consulting Physi- cian, St. Joseph's Hospital; Consulting Physician, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital; Medical Director, Maryland Life Insurance Company. Died at Baltimore, August 27, 1900. *Chatard, Pierre. 1801 (?). Born at Cape Frangois, San Domingo, July 18, 1767. Licentiate in Arts, College of Toulouse, France, 1785; M.D., University of Montpellier, France, 1788; at Hotel Dieu, Paris, 1788-90; pupil of Dessault; arrived at Wilmington, Del., 348 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1794, and at Baltimore, 1800; Consulting Physician, Baltimore Hos- pital, 1812; Member of the Faculty of Washington University, Baltimore, 1839. Died at Baltimore, January 5, 1848. (In Trans. of 1855, p. 33, Dr. W. C. Van Bibber reports 4309 cases of labor in the practice of Dr. Chatard.) Cheever, David Williams. Honorary. 1897. Born at Portsmouth, N. H., November 30, 1831. A.B., Harvard, 1852; M.D., Harvard, 1858; LL.D., Harvard; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Harvard, i860; Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Harvard, 1866; Adjunct Pro- fessor of Clinical Surgery, Harvard, 1868; Professor of Clinical Surgery, Harvard, 1877; Professor of Surgery, Harvard, 1882; Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Harvard; Surgeon, Bositon Dis- pensary, 1863-68; Surgeon, Boston City Hospital, 1864—; he is the author of "Lectures on Surgery," 8vo. *Chesley, James A. 1831. Born in Calvert County Md., June 20, 1802; son of Thomas Chesley. Graduated from the University of Georgia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; practiced in Geor- gia, and afterwards at Friendship, Anne Arundel County, Md., and in Calvert County Md., mostly in the latter place. "A man of exceptional power and influence, of marked culture, the best physician of his county." Died April 9, 1863. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Chesley, Nathaniel Dare. Born at Baltimore, December 16, 1815. Educated at the Friends' School and Lord and Roszell's School, Baltimore, and Nottingham Academy; pupil of Dr. Macgill, of Frederick, and Dr. Samuel Baker, of Baltimore ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1836; settled for practice at West River, Anne Arundel County, and practiced there for thirty-five years. Died at Balti- more, January 23, 1878. Cheston, James. 1825. Born at Baltimore, May 10, 1804. Educated at St. Mary's College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; settled, and practiced medicine for about twenty years, at West River, Md. ; then retired and lived as a country gentleman until October 16, 1885, when he died of pneumonia, leaving a widow and eight chil- dren. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Che\v, Samuel. 1829. Born in Calvert County, Md., April 29, 1806. Educated at Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's County, and Princeton ; A.B., Princeton, 1825; A.M., Princeton, 1828; student of Dr. Wil- 349 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Ham Donaldson, of Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; practiced in Calvert County, 1829-34; moved to Baltimore, 1834; Librarian, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1835-41 ; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1838-39; Attending Physician, Baltimore Eye and Ear Institute, 1840; Professor of Materia Medica, University of Maryland, 1841-52; Dean, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1842-44; Professor of Practice, University of Maryland, 1852-63 ; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1858 ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859-63 ; author of "Lectures on Medical Education," i2mo, Philadelphia, 1864 (edited by his son). Died at Baltimore, December 25, 1863. (Trans. American Medical Association, 1865.) Chew, Samuel Claggett. Born at Baltimore, July 26, 1837; son of last-named. A.B., Princeton College, 1856; A.M., Princeton, 1859; M.D., University of Maryland, 1858; Professor of M'ateria Medica, University of Maryland, 1864-86; visited Europe, 1864; Professor of Practice, University of Mairyland, 1886 — ; Dean, University of Maryland, 1874-79; President of the Alumni Association, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1877-78 and 1893-94; Examining Physician, Equitable Life Assurance Society; Vice-President,. Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1873-74 and 1877-78; Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1879-80 and 1898-99; Sur- geon-General, Society of Colonial Wars of Maryland; Consulting Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital; President of the Board of Trustees of Peabody Institute; one of the authors of "Pepper's System of Medicine." 215 West Lanvale Street, Baltimore. Chilton, Orrick M. 1888. M.D. Of Baltimore. In Polk's Directory, 1890. Chisolm, Francis Miles. 1890. Born at Charleston, S. C, Septem- ber 22, 1867; son of J. J. Chisolm. Educated at Marston's School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospi- tal, 1889-95 ; Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1895 — ; Demonstrator of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland; Editor of the Jaurnal of Eye, Ear and Throat Diseases, 1896 — . 114 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Chisolm, Julian John. 1877. Born at Charleston, S. C, April 16, 1830. M.D., Medical College of the State of South Carolina, 1850; studied at London and Paris ; Professor of Surgery, Medical Col- lege of the State of South Carolina, 1858-69; received first medi- TRISTRAM THOMAS 1769- 1847. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cal appointment in South Carolina in War of 1861-65, and treated the first wounded in this War (Fort Sumter); Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; moved to Baltimore, 1869 ; Professor of Operative Sur- gery, and Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, University of Maryland, 1869-73 ; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, University of Maryland, 1873-99; Emeritus Profes- sor, 1899 — ; Dean, University of Maryland, 1869-74; Surgeon, Bal- timore Eye and Ear Institute; Founder and Chief Surgeon, Pres- byterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Baltimore ; President, Baltimore Academy of Medicine; author of "Manual of Military Surgery" (several editions. This work was the text-book in C. S. A.) ; Chairman of the Ophthalmological Section of the Inter- national Medical Congress, 1887; resides at Petersburg, Va. ♦Christian, John H. 1878. Born in Virginia, August 18, 1845; son of Prof. Heath Jones Christian. Educated at Rlavensiwood High School, Richmond, Va.; in C. S. A., 1862-65; M.D., Medical College of Virginia, 1867; Medical Director, Independent Order of Heptasophs; President, Medical Section of the Fraternal Congress (United States iand Canada). Died at Richmond, Va., March 13, 1902. *Chunn, James Thomas. Born in Fauquier County, Va., January 31, 1829. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 185 1 ; Resident Physician, Bellevue Hospital, New York, 1852-53 ; continued studies at Paris, Dublin, Edinburgh and London, 1853-55 ; settled to practice at Baltimore, 1856. Died at Baltimore, January 14, 1867, of typhus fever. Chunn, William Pawson. 1890, Born at Baltimore, August 11, 1858; son of last-named. Educated at Atkinson's School, 1873-77, 3.nd at the University of Virginia, 1877-78; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Chief of Clinic of Diseases of Women and Children, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1880-87; Assistant Surgeon, Hospital for Women of Maryland, 1882-89. 1023 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Clagett, Horatio C. Born at Pleasant Valley, Washington County, Md., July I, 1793. Attended one course at the University of Pennsylvania; began practice with his father at the age of nine- teen; M.D., University of Maryland, 1814. Died in Washington County, Md., March 5, 1858. See lists of 1848 and 1853. (Trans. American Medical Association, i860.) *Clagett, James Hawkins. 1826. Born in Montgomery County, Md., December 25, 1804. Educated at Rockville Academy ; pupil of Dr. 23 351 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Horatio Clagett ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; practiced at Pleasant Valley, Washington County, Md., and also farmed. Died March 14, 1869. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Clagett, Joseph Edward. 1855 and 1879. Born at Pleasant Valley, Washington County, Md., September 5, 1830. Pupil of his father (Dr. James Hawkins Clagett) ; M.D., Winchester Medical College, 1850; also attended colleges at Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Richmond and Charleston; practiced in Maryland, 1851-55; in the drug business at Harper's Ferry, W.Va., 1855-61 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; removed to Baltimore, 1866; Professor of Materia Medica, Washington University, Baltimore, 1867-73; Professor of Obstet- rics, Washington University, 1873-77; in 1878 traveled abroad. 108 South Eutaw Street, Baltimore. Clagett^ Richard H. 1829. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty (no degree). Of Davidsonville, Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Clagett, Zechariah. Founder. 1799. Born near Rockville, then Frederick County, Md., November 19, 1760. Attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. "A man of rigid integrity and eminent professional skill." Died at Pleasant Valley, Washing- ton County, Md., January 28, 1825. *Claggett, H. William. 1828. See Treasurer's MS. book. Clark, Enoch G. 1899. Born in Kent County, Del., February 24, 1844. Taught school; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1867; practiced in Fairfield County, O., 1867-68; located at Millington, Kent County, Md., 1868, and has resided there ever since; member of the Maryland Legislature (two terms), 1894-98; President of County Medical Society ; combines farming and practice. Clark, John Howe. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., October 19, 1861 ; Passed Assistant Surgeon, April 24, 1865; Surgeon, May 14, 1867; Medical Inspector, January 8, 1885 (Hammersley) ; Medical Direc- tor, retired list, with rank of Rear Admiral, Amherst, N. H. (Polk, 1902). Of Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1853 and 1873. Clark, Joseph Clement. 1894. Born in Talbot County, Md., 1858. Educated at St. John's College ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; practiced at Federalsburg, Md., 1880-95; Health Officer, Tal- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY bot County; Member of Maryland House of Delegates, 1895-96; First Assistant Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1896- 99; Superintendent, Second Hospital for the Insane, at Spring- field, 1899 — ; Professor of Psychiatry, Woman's Medical College, 1900—. P. O., Sykesville, Md. *Clark, Lemuel B. 1801. Born in Maryland. M.D.; appointed from Maryland, Garrison Surgeon's Mate, January 4, 1808; Post Sur- geon, April 24, 1816; resigned, October 18, 1817. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Clark, Thaddeus Watkins. 1895. Born in Howard County, Md., May 3, 1852. Educated at Rock Hill and St. Clement's Colleges ; pupil of Dr. W. W. Watkins; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Demonstrator of Physiology and Chief of Clinic of Ner- vous Diseases, University of Maryland; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, Bayview Asylum; Assistant Surgeon, Fifth Maryland Regiment, U. S. V. in the Spanish War, 1898. 10 West Ham- ilton Street, Baltimore. *Clark, William Y. Of Chambersburg, Pa. In list of 1848 marked dead. (There was a Clark, William J., born in Pennsylvania and appointed from that State, Hospital Surgeon's Mate, April 26, 1817; Post Surgeon, April 18, 1818; resigned, June i, 1819— Hammersley.) *Clarke, Andrew P. 1878. Born at Baltimore, 1850. Educated at Loyola College; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; Surgeon, Baltimore and O'hio Railroad; Physi- cian Bayview Hospital, 1879+ ; President, Irish- American Asso- ciation of Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, July 16, 1888. Clarke, John H. 1827. M.D; Delegate to National Convention, 1849. Of Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Clarke, William Baird. 1892. MJD., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1890; Assistant Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital ; Assistant Physician, Quarantine Hospital, Baltimore ; Assistant Surgeon, Maryland Steel Company; studied in Europe two years; settled at Pittsburg as Specialist in Eye Diseases. Died at Cannonsburg, Pa., July 18, 1897. Clarvoe, John B. H. W. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. See list of 1848. 353 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Claude^ Abraham. 1838 (?). Born December 4, 1818. Educated at St. John's College (A.M., St. John's College, 1835— Quinan; ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1838; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A; Mayor of Annapolis several times ; Professor of Natural Science, St. John's College, 1871-83; State Senator and Comptroller; Post- master of Annapolis. Died at Annapolis, January 10, 1901. *Claude, Dennis. 1808. Born at Annapolis, 1779. Educated at St. John's College; student of Dr. Reverdy Ghiselin ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1802; Surgeon's Mate, 1804, and Surgeon, Regi- ment of Light Artillery, U. S. A., December 12, 1808; Mayor of Annapolis, 1828 and 1852 ; Member of Maryland Senate and House •of Delegates; State Treasurer, 1854-60; Censor, 1819, 1826 and 1840; Presidential Elector, 1825. Died at Annapolis, December 9, 1863. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Clemson, Harry Ellis. 1898. Born at Elkton, Md., November 17, 1872. Educated at Elkton and West Nottingham Academies and Delavi^are College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1894; Medical Director, Silver Cross Home for Epileptics, Port Deposit, Cecil County, Md. *Clendinen, Adam. 1801 (?). Born in Harford County, Md. Pupil of Dr. John Archer, 1796-99. Died at Baltimore (?), 1829. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Clendinen, Alexander. 1814. Born in York District, South Caro- lina, 1786. Pupil of his brother (Dr. William H. Clendinen, of Baltimore) ; Surgeon in the War of 1812; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1815 ; Incorporator of the Eastern Dispensary, 1818 ; Consult- ing Surgeon, Eastern Dispensary, 1830-31 ; Vice-President, Balti- more Medical Society. Died at Baltimore, 1861. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Clendinen, William Alexander. 1840. Born at Baltimore, 1819 (?). M.D., University of Maryland, 1840; traveled and studied abroad; Chef de la Clinique Oculaire of Professor Desmarres, Paris. Died at New Orleans, 1849 (of cholera). *Clendinen, William Hazlett. 1804. Born in Cecil County, Md., 1772. Educated at Columbia, S. C; attended the University of Pennsylvania, 1802-03 ; Assistant Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1800-01; Incorporator of the Eastern Dispensary, 1818; Consulting 354 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Physician, Eastern Dispensary, 1827-30; M.D. (Honorary), Univer- sity of Maryland, 1838. Died at Baltimore, November 6, 1839. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *Clendinen, William Hazlett, Jr. 1853. Born at Baltimore, 1833; son of W. H. Clendinen. Pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1850 ; Physician to Marine Hospital ; Founder of Dispensary of St. Barnabas' Church, 1854; Attending Physician, Dispensary of St. Barnabas' Church, 1854-56; Vaccine Physician, 1859-60; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-65. Died at Baltimore, August 25, 1893. See Treasurer's book. Clewell, Augustus A. 1892. Born at Salem, N. C, November 8, 1845; son of Diavid Clewell. Educated at Boys' School, S'alem Private, C. S. A., 1861-65; M.D., University of Louisville, 1871 practiced in North Carolina, 1871-72; settled at Baltimore, 1875 Vaccine Physician. 1741 Harford Avenue, Baltimore. *Clough, John A. 1826. Of Caroline County, Md. ; later, near Eas- ton, Talbot County. See list of 1848. *CoALE, Skipwith H. 1815. Born in 1787. Of Deer Creek, Harford County, Md. M.D., University of Maryland. 1816. Married the daughter of Samuel Chase, a signer of the Declaration of Independ- ence and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He invented an apparatus for fractured clavicle, 1816. Died January 13, 1832. In list of 1848 marked dead. (There were two of this name, father and son: S. H. Coale, Jr., University of Maryland, 1843; practiced at Baltimore; died 1848.) *CoALE, William. 1828. Born in Frederick County, Md., 1805. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Died in Frederick County, 1842. See list of 1848. *CoALE, William Edward. 1838. Born at Baltimore, February 7, 1816. M.D., University of Maryland, 1836; Physician to Baltimore General Dispensary, 1836-37; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1837; resigned from Navy, 1843; settled in practice at Boston; on Sani- tary Commission in the Civil War; Instructor in Harvard Medical School; President, Scots' Charitable Society, 1856-59; A.M. (Hon- orary), Trinity College, Hartford, i860; he was the author of "Hints on Health" (three editions), 1857; and a treatise on "Nos- ology." Died at Boston, April 24, 1865. 355 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY CoATES, Leonard Roberts. i88i. Born at Coatesville, Pa., December 25, 1858; son of Dr. C. E. Coates. Removed to Baltimore, 1859; educated at Westtown Boarding School, 1871-72, West Notting- ham Academy, 1873-75, and at the University of Georgia, 1876-78; B.C.S., University of Georgia, 1878; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1880; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1881 ; Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1881 ; Professor of Chemistry, Baltimore Medical College, 1882 ; retired from practice, 1884, and is in business at Baltimore — financial broker. *CoATS, John. 1801 (?). Born at Philadelphia, July 11, 1751. Said to have been M.D., College of Medicine of Philadelphia (name not in catalogue). Began practice at Philadelphia; enlisted in Conti- nental Army, 1775 ; in expedition to Canada under Arnold and severely wounded ; recruited and equipped a company in Washing- ton's Army ; member of Society of Cincinnati ; in practice at Phila- delphia, 1779; Deputy Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- vania, 1779; removed to Maryland, 1780; Founder and first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, 1787-91 and 1793-94. Died at Easton, Talbot County, Md., November 30, 1810. In 1828 the Masons of Maryland erected a monument at Easton tio his memory. *CoELENTZ, Jacob. Born in Frederick County, Md., March 17, 1795. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; practiced at Middletown, Frederick County, Md., 1819-38; Deacon and Ruling Elder in the Reformed Church ; his health breaking down, he removed, in the fall of 1838, to Dayton, O., whene he engaged in the drug busi- ness. Died at Diayton, February 15, 1861. See lists of 1848 and 1853. CocHRANj William A. 1833. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1839. Of Baltimore ; later, of Tuscaloosa, Ala. See list of 1848. The name appears in Polk last in 1890. *CocKE, James. 1805 (?). Born in Virginia about 1780. Pupil of Sir Astley Cooper, Guy's Hospital, London, 1801-02; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1804; came to Baltimore, 1804; associated in practice with Dr. Davidge, 1807; Lecturer on Physiology, 1807; Founder of College of Medicine of Maryland, 1807; Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine of Maryland and of the University of Maryland, 1807-13. In 1805 Dr. Cocke reduced a dislocatio'n of the humerus of seventeen weeks and three days standing. Died October 25, 1813. 356 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY CocKEY, Charles. 1899. Born July 22, 1842. M.D., University of Maryland, 1866 ; Secretary to the Board of Health of Queen Anne's County; resides at Queenstown, Md. CocKEY, Charles Henry. 1883. Born at Baltimore, July 4, 1844. Educated at the City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Instructor in Microscopy, University of Maryland, for three years ; Professor of Microscopy and Diseases of the Throat, Nose and Chest, Baltimore University, for several years; Principal, Grammar School No. 18 for twenity-six years. 211 Nortih Gilmor Street, Baltimore. *CocKEY, John Paul. 1822. Born August 24, 1796; son of John Cockey, of Bloomfield, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817. Died November 27, 1859, and was buried at Frederick City, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. ♦CocKEY, Joseph Cromwell. 1855. Born in 1808. M.D., University of Maryland, 1835; Member of Baltimore City Council. Died at Frederick, Md., October 18, 1881. See Treasurer's book. *CocKRiLL, James Jackson. 1854. Bom at Baltimore, March 18, 1815. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1837 ; Medical Examiner of the Draft, 1863 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1864-65; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Died at Baltimore, July 13, 1878. *CocKRiLL, Joseph M. About 1872. Born at Baltimore, 1849. M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873 and 1884 ; Physician to the Jail, 1886; Coroner. Died at Bialtim'ore, July 23, 1898. CoE, John Alexander. 1899. Born in Prince George County, Md., December 24, 1864. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy, St. Mary's County, Md. ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1887; practices at T. B., Md. CoFFROTH, Hamilton Janney. 1890. Born at Baltimore, March 17, 1856. Educated at the Maryland Agricultural College and Vir- ginia Military Institute; pupil of Drs. Clagett and Walls; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; in Medical Department, U. S. A., 1880-81; one of the Founders of Baltimore University; 357 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor of Physiology, Baltimore University, 1885-86; Medical Examiner, Royal Arcanum and other ordtrs. 924 Madison Ave- nue, Baltimore. ' *CoHEN, Joshua I. 1823. Born at Richmond, Va., 1801. Student! of Dr. N. Potter; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; Attending Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane; Member of the City Council, 1827; Professor of Mineralogy, University of Maryland; a Founder (with Prof. S. Chew) of an Eye and Ear Institute, 1840; Otologist, Eye and Ear Institute; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1839-56; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1857-58. He devoteid himself almost exclu- sively to Otology. "One of the earliest aurists, perhaps the first in this country" (Friedenwald). Died at Baltimore, 1870. CoHEN_, Solomon Solis. Honorary. 1896. Born at Philadelphia, Sep- tember I, 1857. A.B., Central High School, Philadelphia, 1872; A.M., Central Hi^h School, 1877; M.D., Jefferson, 1883; Dem- onstratoir of Piathology and Microscopy, Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1883-85; Chief of Clinic of the Out-patient Departmenit, Jef- ferson, 1885-87; Lecturer on Special Therapeutics, Jefferson, 1887-91 ; Professor of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, Phila- delphia Polyclinic, 1887; Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics, 1895 ; Lecturer on Therapeutics, Dartmouth Medical College, 1889-92; Physician to Philadelphia and Rush Hospitals; joint author of "Essentials of Medical Diagnosis," Philadelphia, 1892; "A System of Physiologic Therapeutics," Phil., 1901 — ; contributor to Foster's Handbook and Sajous' "Annual ;" Editor, Philadelphia Polyclinic, 1895-99; President, Philadelphia County Medical Society, 1898-99; he was the first in America to advocate the Brand System in typhoid fever. *CoLBURN, Augustus W. 1874. Born in) Massachusetts, 1800. M.D., Washington University, 1851; Vaccine Physician, 1856-60; Sur- geon, Camden Street Hospital, 1861. Died at Baltimore, 1886. Last entry in Polk's Directory is 1886. *CoLE, Isaac. 1827. Born in Baltimore County, 1806. Educated at Columbian College, Washington, D. C. ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1827; practiced in Baltimore City and County and Win- chester, Va. ; Censor, Baltimore County, 1840 ; for twenty years a minister of the M. E. Church ; in 1855 became a Baptist. Died in Carroll Count>^ Md., July, 1885. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. 358 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Cole, John Wesley. 1899. Born in Holmes County, O., August 29, 1867; son of J. W. Cole. Educated at Motmt Union College, Ohio; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1893. 73S North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. *CoLE, Merryman. 1830. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *CoLEMAN, Henry E. 1813. See list of 1848. *CoLGATE, George. 1816 (?). Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., March 13, 1805 ; resigned, June 16, 1809 ; writes from Westminster, 1818, as Censor of Frederick County. Of Westminster, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. CoLLENBERG, JoHN Henry. 1879. Bom at Baltimore, March 7, 1852. Educated at the City College; pupil of Dr. Charles L. Gordon; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; Examiner for Shield of Honor. 1810 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Collins, Rollin P. 1898. Born near Bishopville, Worcester County, Md., October 16, 1864. Graduate of Berlin Academy; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1890; practices at Bishopville, Md. ; his special work is Diseases of Children. *Collins, Stephen. 1831-32. Born in Delaware, 1797. Educated at Washington College, Md., and Princeton College; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1823; practiced at Washington, D. C, 1825-28; settled at Baltimore, 1832; Member of Legislature, 1838; Orator, 1841 ; Member of City Council, 1840-46-47; Librarian, Maryland Historical Society, 1844; he was the author of "Mis- cellanies," 8vo, Philadelphia, Carey and Hart, 1845. Died at Balti- more, December 16, 1871. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Cone, Claribel. 1894. Graduate, Western Female High School ; M.D. and Medalist, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1890; Lec- turer on Hygiene, Woman's Medical College, 1893-95; Professor of Pathology, Woman's Medical College, 1895 — ; Pathologist, Hos- pital of the Good Samaritan, 1895 — . 1616 Eutaw Place, Baltimore. Cone, Sydney Million. 1898. Born at Jonesboro, Tenn., November 16, 1869. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1890; M.D., Univer- 359 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sity of Pennsylvania, 1893 ; Assistant in Surgical Pathology, Johns Hopkins University; Assistant Resident Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1894 and 1897; Assistant in Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College. 520 North Charles Street, Baltim'ore. CoNLEYj Amos Carroll. M.D., Winchester (Va.) Medical College, 1858. Of Piedmont, W. Va., 1876-86; of Boone, la., 1890-98. See Trans, of 1873 ; also Trans. West Virginia Medical Society, 1876-77, , and Polk. *CoNNER, John A. Born at Annapolis, Md., 1834. M.D., University of Maryland, 1862 ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1872-73 ; practiced at Baltimore for nearly twenty years. Died at Baltimore, Sep- tember 26, 1881. *CoNRAD^ John Summerfield. 1874. Born at Fairfax Court House, Va., February 17, 1839. Educated at Newton and Union Academ- ies, Baltimore; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, i860; M.D., National Medical College, Washington, 1862; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862-65; Resident Physician, Baltimore Infirmary (Uni- versity Hospital), 1868-71; Resident Physician, Marine Hospital, Baltimore, 1871-74; Professor of Materia Medica, Washington University, Baltimore, 1872-73 ; Professor of Surgery, Washing- ton University, 1873-74; Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane (Spring Grove), 1874-79; Superintendent, Matley Hill Sanitarium, Baltimore County, 1879-96. Died at St. Denis, Md., December 7, 1896. CoNRADi, LuDWiG Emanuel. Born at Cumberland, Md., March 27, 1870; son of John Philip Conradi. Ph.G., Maryland CoiUege of Pharmacy, 1890; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Bal- timore, 1892; Vaccine Physician, 1899; Chief Medical Examiner, New York Life, Eureka Mutual Aid and Provident Life Assur- ance Coimpanies, and Medical Examiner of thirteen other co'm- panies. 609 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Cook, Carlton Myron. 1896. Born at Orwell, Bradford County, Pa., February 29, i860. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1893; Dis- pensary Physician and Demonstrator of Clinical Medicine, Balti- more Medical College, 1893 — . 1061 Myrtle Avenue, Baltim'ore. Cook, Septimus J. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1829. Of the District of Columbia. See list of 1858. (A Dr. Cooke was licensed, 1818.) 360 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Cooke, Theodore. 1879. Born in Baltimore County, Md., October 25, 1838. Educated at Greenlane Academy, Baltimore County; pupil of Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar; M.D., University of Maryland, 1859. 914 North Charles Street, Baltimore. CooKE, Theodore, Jr. 1891. Born at Baltimore, December 15, 1868; son of Dr. Theodore Cooke. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1889; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891; Physician to Peniten- tiary, 1892 — ; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore University, 1898 — ; Eye and Ear Specialist. 1818 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *CooKSEY, Francis. 1810. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1810 (?). In list of 1848 marked dead. *CooMES, Stanislaus. 181 i. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1811 (?). Near Port Tobacco, Md. See list of 1848. *CooPER, EzEKiEL. 1813. Born near Willow Grove, Kent County, Del., November 28, 1788. Pupil of Dr. James Sykes, Sr., of Dover, Del. ; began practice at Camden, Del. Is said to have had a "cer- tificate" from "Maryland Medical College;" this was probably the earlier diploma of this Faculty, "Collegium Medicorum in Civi- tate Marylandiae." His name is not in the catalogue of the Uni- versity of Maryland. He removed to Philadelphia, and died there about 1830. See list of 1848. Cooper, James. 1892. Guy's Hospital, London, England, 1881 ; Licen- tiate Royal College of Physicians; Member Royal College of Phy- sicians; Licentiate in Midwifery, Rotunda, Dublin, 1881 ; Visiting Surgeon of Masonic Schools, London; M.D., Buenos Ayres, 1888; Ex- Attending Surgeon, Evelina Hospital for Children; Resident House Surgeon, British Hospital and Masonic Schools, Buenos Ayres, South America; Surgeon to Northern Central Railroad of Cordoba; Examiner, Baltimore Mutual Aid Life Insurance Com- pany; 1332 Hull Street, Baltimore (Polk, 1893 and 1896); at Deal's Island, Somerset County, Md. (Polk, 1902). CoRDELL, Eugene Fauntleroy. 1880. Born at Charlestown, Jefiferson County, Va., June 25, 1843; son of Dr. L. C. Cordell. Educated at Charlestown Academy and the Episcopal High School at Alexan- dria, Va. ; in C. S. A., 1861-65; M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; Clinical Reporter, University Hospital, 1868-69; Attending Physi- 361 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cian, Baltimore General Dispens^ary, 1869-72 ; Librarian, Medical and Chirurugical Faculty, 1870-71 and 1880-87; Co-Editor, Mary- land Medical Journal, 1880-82; a Founder and Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Woman's Medical College, 1882-84; Professor of Practice of Medicine, Woman's Medical College, 1884 — ; Attending Physician, Good Samaritan Hospital, 1882 — ; President H'ospital Relief Association, 1893-97; President of the Medical Society, Woman's Medical College, 1884-86 and 1899-1901; President of the Medical Society, University of Maryland, 1897-98; Editor, Bulletin of the Medical Society of the Woman's Medical College, 1894-98; author of "Historical Sketch of the University of Maryland," 1891, and of "Medical Annals of Maryland : the Centen- nial Volume of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1902." 855 Hamilton Terrace, Baltimore. CoRKRAN, James Merritt. 1898. Born at Hurlock's, Dorchester County, Md., August 14, i860. Educated at Federal Academy, Federalsburg, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Princi- pal of Lebanon Public Schools, 1883-84; President, Queen Anne School Commissioners; practices at Centerville, Md. *Correll, John William. 1875. Born at Winchester, Va., August 14, 1825; son of Amos Abraham Correll. Educated at Winchester Academy; attended lectures at Winchester Medical College; pupil of Dr. H. McGuire; began practice in Virginia, 1847; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; came to Baltimore in 1866, where he died Jan- uary 20, 1900. '■ *Correll, Thomas Abraham. 1877. Born at Winchester, Va., son of J. William Correll. Educated at Taneytown Academy, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875 ; practiced at Baltimore about two years ; then withdrew from practice and settled at Harrisburg, Pa., in the agricultural implement business ; removed to Hagerstown. Died at Hagerstown, October 14, 1896. Corse, George F. 1879. Born near Gardenville, Baltimore County, Md., December 8, 1839. Educated at Newton University, Balti- more; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; practices at Gardenville, Baltimore County, Md. Corse, William D. 1890. Born April 13, 1866. Educated at Friends' High School, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; practices at Gardenville, Baltimore County, Md. 362 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *CosKERY, Felix S. 1853. Born in 1815. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1836. Died in 1873. *CosKERY, Oscar J. About 1872. Born at Baltimore, March 23, 1843. M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1865; Physician to St. Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore, 1870-82; Professor of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1873 and 1876-89. Died at Baltimore, July 5, 1889. *CosKERY, William. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Died at Baltimore, October, 1830. CosTiN, William F. 1856. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1854. See Treasurer's book. *CouLTER, John. 1801 (?). Born in County Down, Ireland, 1751. Arrived at Baltimore, 1773; Surgeon to Man-of-War "Defence," Continental Navy, 1775 ; Surgeon, Military Hospital, Baltimore, 1776; Member of Maryland Convention to ratify the Constitution, 1788; Member of Maryland Senate, 1788; Lieutenant-Colonel, Maryland Militia, 1794; City Elector, 1797; Member of the City Council, 1799-1800; Consulting Physician, City Board of Health, 1812. Died at Baltimore, May 24, 1823. *CouLTER, Mifflin. 1833. Born in 1799. Pupil of Dr. John Coulter, of Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; Assistant Surgeon, U. S, N., 1826; later, Surgeon, U. S. N. Died at Balti- more, October 12, 1840. See list of 1848. CouNCELL, Thomas A. 1895. Born in Talbot County, Md., Novem- ber II, 1872. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1894; Health Officer of Talbot County, Md. ; resides at Easton, Md. Councilman, William Thomas. 1885. Born at Pikesville, Baltimore, County, Md., 1854. M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; Medal- ist, Academy of Medicine of Baltimore, 1880; Assistant Physician, Quarantine Station, Baltimore, 1878-79 ; studied at Vienna ; As- sistant in Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, 1880; Fellow^ by Courtesy, Johns Hopkins University, 1883-84; Associate in Pathol- ogy; Johns Hopkins University, 1886-87; Associate Professor of Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, 1888-90; Associate Professor of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1890-91 ; Shattuck Pro- fessor of Pathological Anatomy, Harvard University, 1892 — ; 363 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1898; A.M. (Honorary), Harvard, 1899, and Johns Hopkins, 1902. "A leader in medical research, an inspiring teacher and a man of scholarly attainments" (President Eliot, of Harvard). *CouRMES, C. J. F. 1819. See list of 1848. *CouRTS, Richard Henry. 1801 (?). Surgeon's Mate in the Revolu- tion, 1777-79. Died in Prince George County, Md., 1809. Cox, Christopher Christian. 1838. Born at Baltimore, August 28, 1816. A.B., Yale, 1835 ; A.M., Yale, later; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1838; began practice at Baltimore; practiced at Easton, Md., 1843-48; President, Talbot County Medical So- ciety; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Philadelphia College of Medicine, 1848-49; Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, 1849; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1856-57; Orator, 1850; Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-62; Sur- geon-General of Maryland, 1862; Vice-President, American Medi- cal Association, 1863-64; Lieutenant-Governor of Maryland, 1864; LL.D., Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., 1867; Commissioner of Pensions, 1868; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Georgetown University, 1869; Anatomy added in 1870; President of the Board of Health, D. C, 1871; Editor of National Medical Journal, Wash- ington, 1870-72 ; Associate Editor, Baltimore Patriot. Died at Washington, November 25, 1882. *Cox, E GovER. Born in Frederick County, Md., August 11, 1820. M.D., University of Ohio, 1840; practiced at Harper's Ferry, Va., and Uniontown, Md. ; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1844; removed to Baltimore, 1852; he paid special attention to Dis- eases of Women. Died in Carroll County, Md., August 19, 1883. *CoxE, Ernest Cleveland. Born at Buffalo, New York, 1850; son of P. E. Bishop Arthur Cleveland Coxe, of Western New York. M.D., New York. Died at Baltimore, October 13, 1882. *Cozens, William. 1801. Of the District of Columbia. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Cradock, Thomas. Founder. 1799. Born at Garrison Forest, Md., May 30, 1752. Student of his father (Rev. Thomas Cradock), and later of Dr. Hulse; attended lectures at the College of Medicine of Philadelphia; on Committee of Observation, 1775; Volunteer in 364 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Captain Plunkett's Company, Continental Army; took a promi- nent part in reorganizing the Protestant Episcopal Church in America; Member of the first General Convention, also a Delegate to the Diocesan Convention and a member of the Standing Com- mittee of Maryland; Vestryman of St. Thomas' Church, Garrison Forest; one of the founders of the Maryland Society for the Pro- motion of Useful Knowledge, 1800; never married. "He was an able and distinguished physician." Died at "Trentham," October 19, 1821. *Cbaig, John A. 1830. Born at Cambridge, Md., 1807. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1830; resided at Baltimore for some years, then moved to Florida and became a planter; resided after 1865 at Govanstown, Md. Died at "Ravenswood," Baltimore County, Md., December 10, 1893. Craig, Philip Eugene. 1899. Bom at Edgewood Harford County, Md., April 6, 1869. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1897. 1103 Edmondson Avenue, Balti- more. Craigen, William J. 1892. Born in Hampshire County, Va., 1836; son of Jacob S. Craigen. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1859; settled at Washington, D. C. ; later, at Cumberland, Md. ; Physician to Jail, Almshouse and Insane Asylum, Cumberland; Vice-Presi- dent, Tri-State Medical Association, 1899; resides at Cumber- land, Md. Ckaighill, James M. 1882. Born at Georgetown, D. C, October 9, 1857; son of General Craighill, U. S. Engineers. Educated at the Episcopal High School, Alexandria, Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1882-83; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland; Corresponding Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; Chief of Medical Clinic, Univer- sity of Maryland ; Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, 1900 — . 1730 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Crane, Jonathan. 1814. M.D. Of Church Hill, Queen Anne County, Md. Died in 1856. See lists of 1848 and 1853. "Dr. Crane and Ellen Sophia Massey was joined together in Holy Matrimony on the sixteenth day of April, 1849, by the Rector of Shrewsbury Par- ish" (MS. Records of Kent County). 365 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Crane, R. J. Born in 1793. Censor, 1819 (American Medical Recorder, 1819). Died in Charles County, Md., 1838. Crane, William Bowers. 1853. M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1856-57. Of Baltimore. See list of 1853. Crawford, Albert Cornelius. 1898. Born at Baltimore, June 10, 1869. Studied at the Johns Hopkins University, 1887-90 and 1891-94; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1893; As- sistant in Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1894- 1901. 239 East Lafayette Avenue, Baltimore. *Crawford, John. 1801 (?). Born in the north of Ireland May 3, 1746. Educated at the College of Dublin; M.D., University of Leyden; Surgeon, East India Company; Physician to Hospital in Barbados; Physician to Dutch Colony in Demerara; returned to England, 1794; emigrated to America, 1796; one of the Founders, and Manager of the Baltimore General Dispensary, 1801 ; a Founder of the Bible Society of Baltimore and of the Penitentiary ; Lecturer on Natural History, College of Medicine of Maryland, 1812; intro- duced vaccination at Baltimore, 1800; Grand Master of Masons of Maryland, 1801-13; Grand High Priest, G. R. A. Chapter of Maryland and the District of Columbia, 1807; Consulting Physi- cian, Baltimore Hospital, 1812 ; Orator Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1805. Dr. Crawford was one of the most enlightened phy- sicians and noblest characters that have ever adorned the profession of this State. In 1790, while residing in Dutch Guiana, he conceived the germ theory of infectious diseases, and in 1807 he wrote a series of striking articles in its advocacy, being probably the first in English- speaking countries to do so. He also carried his theory into practice. Died at Baltimore, May 9, 1813. Ceim, William Henry. 1899. Born near Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Va., January 8, 1845. Educated at Gettysburg College, Pa.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; Assistant Surgeon Fifth Regiment, M. N. G., 1872; Surgeon, 1881. 413 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Cromwell, Edward A. 1833. M.D., Washington Medical College, Bal- timore, 1830. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Cromwell, Joseph M. 1830. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1830. Of Frederick City, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 366 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Cromwell, John. Founder. 1799. Born at "Fairfield," south side of the PatapscO' River (near Curtis Bay), 1764; son of John and Elizabeth Todd Cromwell. Practiced near Pikesville ; later, near Towson, moving to Baltimore, 1807; assisted in exterminating smallpox epidemic in Baltimore in 1810; Physician to City Hos- pital, 1812; Manager of Vaccine Lottery for Vaccine Institute, 1812. Died of cholera at Baltimore, September 14, 1832. "A man of fine constitution and exemplary habits" (Jameson). His picture shows him with frilled shirt, oval face, gray hair, slight side whiskers, Grecian nose, broad forehead, well-arched eyebrows, small mouth, well-dressed — a handsome, aristocratic face. (The John Cromwell who was M.D., University of Maryland, 1814, was from Pennsyl- vania, and a nephew of the above.) Cromwell. Martin John. 1897. Born at Baltimore, August 5, 1871 ; son of Richard Cromwell. M.D., University oi Maryland, 1894; Chief to Surgical Department, Dispensary of University of Mary- land ; Assistant in Surgical Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital. 516 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Cronmiller, John. 1826. Born at Baltimore, July 24, 1793. Edu- cated at Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; moved to New York and there was associated in practice with Dr. Brush; after some years, his health becoming bad, he returned to Mary- land, settling at Elkridge, Howard County, near Savage, 1843, where he passed the remainder of his life quietly on his farm. He was an ardent student. Died October 9, 1875. See list of 1848. Ckonmiller, John. 1899. Born at Baltimore in 1832. Moved to Elkridge, Howard County, in childhood; educated at Hallowell's School, Alexandria; pupil of his father (Dr. John Cronmiller) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1856; located at Laurel, 1858; Health Officer, Laurel, Md. *Cronmiller, William. 1826. Born at Baltimore, 1802. Educated at Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; practiced at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, May 4, 1843. See list of 1848. Crothers, Ransom R. 1886. Born near Conovvingo, Cecil County, Md., about 1841. M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; has practiced ever since, residing on his farm, one mile from Colora, Cecil County, Md. Crouch, J. Frank. 1891. Born at Baltimore, 1865. M.D. and Ex- amination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1890; Post-graduate 24 367 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY student, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1890, 1891 and 1892 ; student at the University of Berlin, 1897 ; Pro- fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Baltimore Medical College, 1895 — ; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1898 — . 412 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Crowe, Stephen. 1892. Born at Baltimore, December 26, 1862 ; son of Michael Crowe. A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore; M.D., Balti- more Medical College, 1892; Demonstrator of Minor Surgery and Chief of Clinic, Baltimore Medical College, 1893-94; Resident Physician, Western Maryland Hospital, Cumberland, Md., 1894- 95. Ill North Front Street, Baltimiore. *Ceum, George Washington. 1837. Born March 12, 181 1, near Jef- ferson, Md. ; son of John Henry Crum. Educated at Frederick College, Frederick, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1832 ; prac- ticed first at Clearspring; practiced at Jefferson, Frederick County, Md., 1847-90, retiring in that year. Of Jefferson, Frederick County, Md. (Polk's Directory, 1886-96). Died March 15, 1896. See Treas- urer's book and list of 1848. Cuddy, John W. C. 1881. Born in Baltimore County, April 7, 1840. A.B., Calvert College, New Windsor, Md., 1861; A.M., Calvert College, 1864; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1863; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1863-65; practiced four years in Cumberland County, Pa.; then moved to Baltimore; Professor of Materia Medica, Baltimore University, 1888-95; Professor of Practice, Baltimore University, 1895 — ; Medi- cal Director, G. A. R. in Maryland; he is the author of two novels, "Dr. Milton's Sweethearts," and "A Christmas Flower." 506 North CairoUton Avenue, Baltimore. CuLLEN, Thomas Stephen. 1896. Born at Bridgewater, Canada, No- vember 20, 1869. Educated at Collegiate Institute, Toronto, Canada; M.B., Toronto University, 1890; House Surgeon, Toronto Gen- eral Hospital, 1890-91 ; Assistant Resident Gynaecologist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1892-96; Resident Gynaecologist, Johns Hop- kins Hospital, 1896-97; Instructor in Gynsecology, Johns Hop- kins Hospital, 1897; Associate in Gynaecology, 1897-1901 ; Associate Professor of Gynsecology, 1901 — ; Gynaecologist to the United Charities Hospital, Cambridge, Md., 1898—; author of "Cancer of Uterus," 8vo, 1900. 3 West Preston Street, Baltimore. *CuLVER, Henry. 1822. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822. Of Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 368 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Gumming, Robert H. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Frederick County, Va. See Archives and lists of 1848 and 1853. *CuREEY, James Hamilton. Born at Uniontown, Frederick County, Md., 1832. Educated at Calvert College, New Windsor, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1859; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-63 ; Surgeon, 1863-65 ; one of the Founders of the Baltimore Medical Association, 1866; President, Baltimore Medical Associa- tion, 1870-71. Died at Baltimore, April 20, 1887. < CusHiNG, Harvey Williams. 1898. Born at Cleveland, O., April 8, 1869. A.B., Yale, 1891; A.M., Yale; M.D., Harvard, 1895; As- sistant Resident Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1896-97; Resi- dent Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897-1901 ; Associate in. Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1900 — . 3 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Daily, Edward D. 1850. Of Caroline County, Md. Certificate of Examining Board, Eastern Shore Archives. *Daily, John. 1822. M.B., University of Maryland, 1821. Of Balti- more, Md. Marked dead in Fonerden's corrected list of 1837. In list of 1848 marked dead. (A "Dr. J. W. Daly," died 1826— Q.) ♦Dallam, William Middlemore. Between 1801 and 1807. Lived at "Boothby Hill," near Ferryman's, Md. ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania; Censor, 1826. Died at Bush River Neck, Harford County, Md., April, 1859. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Dallwigh, Ferdinand. 1834. See list of 1848. *Dalrymple, Augustin J. 1887. Born in 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1854; Professor of History and Geography, School of Letters and Science, University of Maryland, 1872. Died at Balti- more, July 24, 1895. *Daniel, John Moncure. 1801 (?). Born at "Crow's Nest," Stafford County, Va., September 14, 1769. Studied medicine in Scotland; M.D. (Glasgow?) ; married the daughter of Hon. Thomas Stone, Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md., 1793; resided at Port To- bacco for some years ; appointed Hospital Surgeon, U. S. A., July 7, 1809, and served in the War of 1812 in the south and in Canada ; 369 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Senior Hospital Surgeon, U. S. A. "A figure manly, erect, graceful, with uncommon animation of countenance and that easy, engaging polish of manners which travel and extensive intercourse with the world generally bestows." Died October 7, 1813, in the room in which he was born. See lists of 1807 and 1848; also "Hayden's Virginia Genealogies." *Daniel, John Moncure. Born about 1800; son of J. M. Daniel and Margaret Eleanor Stone. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; lived in Stafford County, Va. Died about 1845. See list of 1848. *Dare, George. 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1818; Censor for Calvert County, 1831 (American Journal of the Medical Sciences). Of Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Dare, George S. 1898. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., 1843. Edu- cated at Lancaster High School ; M.D., Jefferson, 1866 ; located at Rising Sun, Cecil County, Md., and has practiced there ever since; Surgeon, Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad. *Dare, John. 1801. Censor, 1819. Of Huntingtown, Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Dare, John. M.D., University of Maryland, 1846. Of Huntingtown, Calvert County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Dashiell, Nicholas Leeke. 1847. Born in Baltimore County, July I, 1814. Educated at the Baltimore College and St. Mary's College, Baltimore; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1837; Surgeon, Lafayette Light Dragoons, 1852; and later, 'of Eagle Artillery; married Louisa Turpin Wright, of Delaware, ' 185s ; practiced at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, February 28, 1895. Dashiell, Nicholas Leeke, Jr. 1882. Born at Baltimore, February 23, i860. Pupil of Dr. A. P. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1882; Vaccine Physician, 1883-84. 2340 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Dashiell, Rufus Watters. 1892. Born May 10, 1850; son of Cad- mus Dashiell, of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. Educated at Washington Academy and St. John's College; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., Washing-ton University, Baltimore, 1872; began practice in Wicomico, removing subsequently to Somerset ; Pension MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Surgeon until 1897; Member of the State Lunacy Board, 1893-1900; Visiting Pliysician, Somerset County Almsli'ouse. Died at Prin- cess Anne, Md., March 28, 1900. *Daugherty, Thomas. 1877. Born at Baltimore, 1830. A.B., Dickin- son College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; entered the Min- istry of the M. E. Church, 1850; Principal of Morgantown (W. Va.) Female College and D.D.; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Wash- ington University; Professor of Physiology, Baltimore Medical College. Died at Baltimore, September 15, 1885. Dausch, Pierre George. 1874. Born at Baltimore, April 30, 1850; son of Anthony Dausch. Educated at Loyola College; A.B. and A.M., Loyola; M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; Lecturer on Chemistry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Editor The Physiciaji and Surgeon, 1872-73. 1731 East Baltimore Street, Balti- more. *Davidge, John Beale. Born at Annapolis, Md., 1768. A.M., (St. John's College ?), 1789; pupil of Drs. James and William Murray, Annapolis; then attended lectures at Philadelphia and at Edin- burgh, but took M.D. at the University of Glasgow, 1793; practiced first at Birmingham, England; then returned to Maryland and set- tled at Baltimore, 1796; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1801; began medical teaching in 1802; Founder of the College of Medicine of Maryland (University of Maryland), 1807; Professor of Anatomy or Surgery, College of Medicine of Mary- land, 1807-29; Dean, College of Medicine of Maryland, 1807-11, 1813, 1814, 1821; Orator Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1805; he was the author of "Nosologia Methodica" (in Latin), two edi- tions, 1812 and 1813; "Physical Sketches," two vols., 1814 andi8i6; "Treatise on Yellow Fever," 1798; "Treatise on Amputation," 1818; edited "Bancroft on Fevers," 1821, and a quarterly journal, entitled Baltimore Philosophical Journal and Revieiu, 1823, of which only one number appeared. His important operations were, a total extirpation of the parotid gland, 1823; ligation of the gluteal artery for aneurism; ligature of the carotid artery for "fungus of the antrum." He invented the "American method of amputation." His death was due to carcinoma of the face. "Of pleasing address, very remarkable colloquial powers and high professional character." Died at Baltimore, August 22, 1829. Davidson, Benjamin Reed. 1899. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., May 26, 1846. Educated at the Maryland Agricultural Col- lege and Dickinson College; attended medical lectures at the Uni- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versities of Virginia and Maryland; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Physician to Anne Arundel County Almshouse for seven years; County Treasurer; practices at Davidsonville, Md. Davidson, Charles Fitzsimmons. 1893. Born at Queenstown, Queen Anne County, Md., September 29, 1865; son of Dr. James David- son, 2d. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Resident Physician, Lying-in Hospital, University of Maryland, 1888-89; studied in Berlin, 1889-90 ; Chief of Clinic of Gynaecology, University of Mary- land, 1890 ; settled at Queenstown, 1891 ; moved later to Easton. *Davidson, James. Founder. 1799. Born at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1743. M.D., Royal College of Aberdeen, 1769; emigrated to Queenstown, Md., 1771 ; Attending Physician, Queen Anne's County Almshouse, 1792-1804. Died at "My Lord's Gift," Queen Anne's County, June, 181 1. *Davidson, James. Born at Rockland, Cecil County, Md., March 3, 1805 ; son of last-named. Pupil of Dr. Ashton Alexander, of Balti- more; M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; practiced at Queens- town, Queen Anne's County, Maryland, 1832-78. Died at Queens- town, February 24, 1888. *Davis, David. 1810. Credited with M.D. in Kent County MS. Records; Surgeon's Mate, First Sub-Legion, June, 1796; in Fourth Infantry, November, 1796; Post Surgeon at Detroit, April I, 1802; resigned, January 20, 1808; settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. "Buried January 25, 1844, in Cecil County, on Mrs. AUithea Wicke's Farm" (MS. Records of Kent County). In list of 1848 marked dead. (See also Pagett, David T.) *Davis, Elijah. Founder. 1799. Born in Chester County, Pa., July 22, 1760. Attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, 1784-85; was taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island, 1776; carried to England and imprisoned on Jersey prison ship for two years until exchanged; went to Paris and studied medicine there; came home, but went a second time to Paris; is said to have taken M.D. at the University of Paris; came to Harford County Md., June, 1786 ; practiced at Bellevue, Harford County ; Member of the House of Delegates, 1800, 1803, 1807, 1808, and of thie State Senate, 1811 ; Honorary Member of the Medical Society of Baltimore (founded 1812). Died in Harford County, Md., June 29, 1829. *Davis, John. Born in Chester County, Pa.; eldest brother of Elijah Davis. Attended lectures 'at the College of Medicine of Phila- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY delphia; the Davis family say he graduated in the same class with John Archer (1768; a mistake); House Surgeon; Surgeon, First Rifle Battalion of Pennsylvania, 1776; practiced in Chester County, and died there. Davis, John. 1897. Born at Baltimore, January 29, 1853 ; son of James Conry Davis. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1887. 2102 Orleans Street, Baltimore. Davis, Meredith. 1836. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1835. See list of 1848. Davis, Pinkney L. 1892. Born at Mount Airy, Carroll County, Md., April 5, i860. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Chief of Clinic of Nervous Diseases, University of Maryland; Coroner of Baltimore, 1892-96; Member of the Board of Police Surgeons of Baltimore. 913 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. Davis, S. Griffith, Jr. 1897. Born in Harford County, Md., May 2, 1867. C. E., Virginia Military Institute; M.D., University of Maryland, 1893; Resident Physician, Hospital of the Good Samari- tan, 1893-95 ; Chief of Surgical Clinic, Woman's Medical Colles:e, Baltimore, 1S97; Demonstrator of Anatomy and Osteology, Wom- an's Medical College, 1895-1902; Professor of Anatomy and Opera- tive and Clinical Surgery, 1902 — ; Assistant Surgeon, Fifth Regi- ment, M. N. G., 1898 — ; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Attending Physician, Balti- more General Dispensary. 1230 Light Street, Baltimore. *Davis, Septimus. 1825. Born in Harford County, Md., October 12, 1801 ; son of Elijah Davis, Founder. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1824. Died in Harford County, January 7, 1857. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Davis, Smith Seibert. 1897. Born at Wolfsville, Frederick County, Md., February 28, 1854. Educated at Mercersburg College, Pa.; M.D., University of Virginia, 1875; continued study at the Uni- versity of Minnesota ; practices at Boonsboro, Washington County, Md. *Davis, Thomas John. 1828. Born at Brookville, Montgomery County, Md., July 25, 1805 ; son of Thomas Davis. Educated at Dickinson College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; returned to Brook- ville, was taken ill two days later, April 11, and died July 11, 1828. See Treasurer's book and lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. 373 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Davis, William H. 1846. Born at Baltimore, September 22, 1810. Graduated from Dickinson College; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1833; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1848-51; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1856-57. Died at Baltimore, January 21, 1881. *Davison, Garland Hamner. 1894. Born in Maryland, 1841. M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; for many years he was engaged in business pursuits. Died at Baltimore, March 16, 1900. ^Dawson, Benoni. 1824. Died at Dawsonville, Montgomery County, Md., 1851. See Treasurer's MS. book and list of 1848. *Dawson, James. 1830. Born in Talbot County, Md., November 8, 1805; son of Major John Dawson. Educated at Fasten Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; settled at St. Michael's, where he practiced successfully for more than fifty years. Died at St. Michael's about 1882. See Archives and lists of 1848 and 1853. *Dawson, Robert Morris. 181 i. Born in Maryland, 1791 ; brother of Dr. James Dawson. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1811 (?) ; moved to Missouri, 1812; Delegate to Territorial Legis- lature, 1815 ; Delegate tO' the State Convention, 1820; Member of the State Senate, 1822-36. Died in Missouri, 1843. See list of 1848. Dawson, Robert Morris 1872 (?). Born at Royal Oak, Talbot County, Md., March 12, 1839; son of Major John Dawson. Edu- cated at Maryland Military Academy and Fort Edward Institute, New York ; served in the Second Maryland Infantry, C. S. A. ; pupil of Dr. W. G. G. Willson, of Fasten; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869 ; practiced at Royal Oak for eight years ; then removing to Bay Hundred, where he has continued to practice in connection with farming. P. O., Wittman, Talbot County, Md. Day, Benjamin. 1823. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; Censor of Prince George County, 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Deaver, John T. 1808. Of Zanesville, O. See list of 1848. *De Butts, Elisha. Born near Dublin, Ireland, 1773. Emigrated to Maryland in his youth; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1805; practiced first at Alexandria; then moved tO' Baltimore; Professor of Chemistry, College of Medicine and the University of Mary- 374 JAMES SMITH 1771-1841. MEDICAL, AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land, 1809-31; Dean, University of Maryland, 1816 and 1822-24; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1818 ; Lectured before the Royal Institute, London, 1830; Professor of Chemistry, St. Mary's College, Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, April 3, 1831. Dedias, Eurebe Pereira de Camasa. 1847. M.D. Of Lisbon, Portu- gal. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. Deets, James Edward. 1892. Born at Jarrettsville, Harford County, Md., December 13, 1856. Educated at Western Maryland College, Westminster, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Member of the House of Delegates, 1899; has practiced since 1882 at Clarks- burg, Montgomery County, Md. *DelaneYj John. 1841. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; about 1824 went with his brother Dennis from Baltimore to St. Mary's County, settling at Great Mills, the latter leaving in a few years and going to St. Louis. "Regarded gener- ally as the ablest and most advanced doctor in Southern Maryland, and was a great student, taking several English and Scotch medi- cal reviews. I heard him say in his latter years that his experience led him to believe that, as a rule, doctors killed as many patients as they cured from acting on the belief that drugs were omnipo- tent, when they should have made a rule of watching the progress of disease and aiding nature. He gave many strong points in support of this theory" (E. J. C). He married Miss Eliza Coad in 1843, but left no issue. See list of 1848. *DeLoughery, Edward. 1837. Born at Baltimore, 1806. Educated at St. Mary's and Georgetown Colleges ; A.B., Georgetown Col- lege, 1826 ; pupil of Dr. A. Alexander ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1829; began practice at Cincinnati, but soon returned to Baltimore; Member of the City Council, 1841. Died at Baltimore, November 18, 1885. *Denny, Theodore. 1811. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810; Delegate to American Medical Association from Baltimore City, 1847. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. See lists of 1848 and 1853- *Denny, William. 1817. A.B., St. John's College, between 1811 and 1822; M.D. ; Censor, 1819. Lived at Ellicott City, Md. Died about 1853. See list of 1848. Dent, Walter B. i8g6. Born at Oakley, St. Mary's County, Md., February 26, 1859. Educated at St. John's Academy, Alexandria; 375 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor of Mathematics, Latin, and Military Tactics, St. John's Academy, 1878-80; Principal of St. Mary's High School, 1880-87; M.D., University of Maryland, i88g; Supervisor of Elections; prac- tices at Oakley. *Dent, William Hatch. 1809. Of Charles County, Md. See Medi- cal and Physical Recorder and list of 1848. Dere, Hamilton K. 1893. Born at Hagerstown, Md., November i, 1852; son of John C. Derr. Educated at Lewistown Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; practiced seven years at Woodsboro, Frederick County, Md. ; Physician to Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians, Fort Reno, Indian Territory, 1887-88; located at Hagerstown, 1889; a Founder of Washington County Medical Society, and President, 1901-02; Vaccine Physician to Washington County ; Assistant Surgeon to Western Maryland Railroad ; resides at Hagerstov/n, Md. Deweese, Cornelius Smith. 1898. M.D., Jefferson, 1895 ; Assistant Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane (Spring Grove), Catonsville; Assistant Physician, Government Hospital for Insane, Washington, D. C, 1901 — . DeWolf, James Henry. 1887. Born at Philadelphia. Educated at Racine College, Wis.; M.D., Jefferson, 1878; took special course at Vienna in Eye, Ear and Throat Diseases, 1879-80; Eclectic Practitioner (Polk). 1600 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Dickinson, Granville E. 1890. Born at Mardella Springs, Wicomico County, Md., January 21, 1852. Educated at the University of Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1874; practices at Upper Fairmount, Md. *Dickinson, James Philip. Born at Trappe, about 1801 ; son of John Dickinson, a farmer. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1825 ; located at Trappe, Talbot County, Md. ; practiced there, and later applied himself exclusively to farming, until his deaths 1841, of malarial fever. In list of 1848 marked dead. ♦Dickinson, Samuel Philemon. 1826. Born at Trappe, Talbot County, Md., 1804; son of Gen. Samuel Dickinson. Was a cadet at West Point, but having ample means left the Army and studied medicine ; pupil oif Dr. S. T. Kemp; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; prac- ticed at Trappe until his death, April, 1862 ; Member of Constitu- tional Convention of 1851. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 376 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *DicKiNSON, Samuel S. Born near Trappe, Talbot County, Md., 1771 (Q.). M.D. Lived on his splendid plantation, "Crosiadore," near Trappe; never practiced. Died 1841 (Q.)- In list of 1848 marked dead. *DicKS0N, Benjamin. 1821. Born in Maryland. Pupil of Jameson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1820; Censor for Baltimore, 1822; moved to Steubenville, Jefferson County, O. See list of 1848. *DicKS0N, Isaac N. 1870. Born at Reisterstown, Baltimore County, Md., 1817; son of Major Isaac N. Dickson. Educated at Franklin Academy, Reisterstown; M.D., University of Maryland, 1838; prac- ticed with Dr. Absalom Thompson at Bay Hundred, Talbot County, succeeding Dr. Thompson in 1840; removed to Reisterstovirn in 1853, continuing his brother's practice until 1894, when he retired. Died at Reisterstown, 1896. Dickson, John. 1853. Born in England. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1852; Physician to Marine Hospital, 1853-58; Vaccine Physi- cian, 1863-67; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1875-76; Physician to Union Protestant Infirmary, 1882; resides abroad. Address, London, England. *DiCKS0N, Louis L. 1829. Born at Reisterstown, Baltimore County, Md., 1807; son of Major Isaac N. Dickson. Educated at Franklin Academy, Reisterstown; M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Died at Reisterstown, 1853. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *DiFFENDERFFER, Henry. 1828. Bom at Baltimore, 1804. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1827. Died at Baltimore, March 22, 1832. See list of 1848. *DiFFENDERFFER^ Michael. 1817. Born in Maryland (?),i789. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1814; settled at Baltimore, 1814; Sur- geon's Mate, First Regiment of Artillery of Maryland Militia, 1814; Surgeon, Artillery Company, Baltimore, 1816; Consulting Physician, Eastern Dispensary, 1838; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1855-56. Died at Baltimore, September 17, 1870. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Diffenderffer, William H. 1853. Born at Baltimore, 1822. M.D., University of Maryland, 1843; Vaccine Physician, 1851-52 and 1855-59. Died at Baltimore, July 7, 1897. 377 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY DiLLER, Charles Henry. 1879. Born near Johnsville, Frederick County, Md., October 23, 1851. Educated at Carroll Collegiate Institute, Westminster, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; United States Examining Surgeon for Carroll County, Md. P. O., Double Pipe Creek. DjKiCKSON, Edwin James. 1899. Born at Berlin, Worcester County, Md., November 26, 1852. Educated at Berlin High School ; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1874; began practice at Berlin; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, 1887 — ; Physical Inspector, Fifth District, U. S. Life Saving Service, 1887 — ; Health Officer, Ocean City, Md. ; Member of Legislature ; resides at Berlin, Md. Dixon, Charles Henry, Jr. 1896. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1894. 222 East Twenty-third Street, Baltimore. *Dixon, p. Censor, 1819 (American Medical Recorder, 1819). Of Dorchester County, Md. *DixsoN, Harrison. 1812. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. Dobbin, George W. 1897. Born at Baltimore, December 17, 1870. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1891 ; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1894; Resident Obstetrician, Johns Hop- kins Hospital, 1896-99; Professor of Obstetrics, College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, 1899 — . 923 North Charles Street, Baltimore. DoBYNS, Frederick. 1898. Born in Essex County, Va., January 28, 1865 ; son of Thomas A. Dobyns. Educated at Aberdeen Academy, King and Queen County, Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1897 ; Clinical Assistant in Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, and Post-graduate Course at Johns Hopkins Hospital. 28 I2ast Baltimore Street, Baltimore. *DoDD, Robert. 1809. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809. Of Sulphur Springs, Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *DoDGE, Augustus W. Born at New York, 1837. M.D., University of Michigan, i860, and University of Maryland, 1864; Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. A., 1862-65; settled at Baltimore, 1865; President, Board of Pension Examiners, 1866-84; Medical Director, G. A. R. of Maryland; President, Union Veteran Association of Maryland. Died at Baltimore, March 3, 1887. 378 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY DcERNER, John Anderson. 1895. Born at Cumberland, Md., Septem- ber 24, 1856. M.D., University of Maryland, 1877; Medical Exam- iner, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Cumberland, Md. ^Donaldson, Francis. 1846. Born at Baltimore, July 23, 1823. Educated at Prentiss' School ; pupil of Drs. Chew and T. H. Buckler; M.D., University of Maryland, 1846; studied in Hos- pitals of Paris, 1846-48; began practice at Baltimore, 1848; Resi- dent Physician, Marine Hospital, Baltimore, 1847-50; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1851-55; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1846-48; Attending Physician, Bal- timore Almshouse, 1852-55 ; connected with Maryland Medical Institute, 1852; Attending Physician, Church Home and Infirmary, 1860-73; Professor of Materia Medica, Maryland College of Phar- macy, 1863-66; Professor of Physiology, Hygiene and General Path- ology, University of Maryland, 1866-80; Clinical Professor of Dis- eases of the Throat and Chest, University of Maryland, 1866-88; in 1880 resigned the didactic chair and, in 1888, the clinical chair ; Emeritus Clinical Professor, 1888-91 ; President, Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty, 1881-82; President, American Climatological Asso- ciation; President, Alumni Association of the University of Mary- land, 1889-90 ; Consulting Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital ; Examining Physician, New York Mutual Life Insurance Company ; one of the authors of "Pepper's System of Medicine;" he paid great attention to Diseases of the Throat and Chest, and was an expert in Physical Diagnosis. Died December 9, 1891. Donaldson, Frank, Jr. 1884. Born at Baltimore. A.B., Harvard, 1879; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883; Chief of Throat and Chest Clinic, University of Maryland; Acting Assistant Surgeon, First U. S. Volunteer Cavalry (Rough Riders), Spanish-American War, 1898; Assistant Surgeon, Forty-fifth U. S. Volunteer In- fantry, 1899; translator of "Schaefer's Atlas of Gynaecology,'' 1896; author of "A Narragansett Idyll," 1891; "Two Comedies," 1896; "A Cuban Idyll," 1898; "Guilty," a play from the German of Richard Voss (Trans.), 1896. *Donaldson, Miles Littlejohn. 1840. Born at Baltimore, 1817; son of Dr. William Donaldson. M.D., University of Maryland, 1840. Died at Baltimore, May 13, 1845. See lists of 1848 and 1853. ♦Donaldson, William. 1804. Born in Calvert County, Md., 1778. A.B., St. John's College, Annapolis, 1798; pupil of Dr. Miles Little- john; attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, 379 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1802-03; Founder of the College of Medicine of Maryland, 1807, and Charter Professor of the Institutes of Medicine; resigned on account of health, 1808; M.D. (Honorary), University of Mary- land, 1818; associated in practice with Dr. Miles Littlejohn, and later (1830) with Dr. R. S. Stuart; President, Medical Society of Baltimore, 1822-23. Died January 14, 1835. DoEAN, Peter Joseph. 1894. Born at Dublin, Ireland, 1844; son of John Doran. A.B., Dublin College; M.D,. Baltimore University, 1891 ; Teacher. 14 North Gay Street, Baltimore. *DoRSEY, Archibald. 1801 (?). Of Bel Air, Harford County, Md. Married three or four times, but all his children are now dead. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (An Archi- bald DoTsey made his will September 10, 1843, stating that he contemplated a trip to Kentucky. The will was probated June 29, 1847.) DoRSEY, Edwin. 1825. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Balti- more ; later, moved elsewhere. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *DoRSEY, Frederick. 1801 (?). Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., 1774. Pupil of Dr. Rush; M.D. (Honorary), University of Mary- land, 1824; attended 11,000 obstetrical cases; Vice-President, Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, 1857-58; practiced nearly seventy years; at his death associated in practice with his son and grand- son ; tied the middle meningeal artery. Died in Washington County, Md., October 26, 1858 (Trans., American Medical Association, i860). DoRSEY, John W. 1808. Born in 1750 (Q.). Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., July 16, 1803 ; resigned, July 9, 1807. Of Liberty, Frederick County, Md. Died in 1823 (Q.). See Medical and Physical Recorder and lists of 1848 and 1853. *DoRSEY, Lloyd. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821. Of Fred- erick County, Md. Died at Frederick, Md., 1857. See Trans., 1857, p. 17, and lists of 1848 and 1853. DoRSEY, Reuben M. 1892. Born in Howard County, Md., February 22, 1869. Educated at Maupin's School, Ellicott City; pupil of Dr. William E. Hodges; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891; Resident, "Matley Hill Sanitarium;" Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, for two years; Medical Examiner, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 711 Third Avenue, Baltimore. 380 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *DoRSEY, Richard. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; Censor, 1840. Of Frederick City, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *DoRSEY, Robert Edward. Born at Georgetown, D. C, 1796. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Resident Physician, City Hospital, Baltimore, 1819-20 ; Professor of Materia Medica, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39; President of the Alumni Association, University of Maryland (School of Medicine), 1875; resided in Anne Arundel County. He was "too frail for general practice." Died in 1876. *DoRSEY, Septimus. 1847. Born at "Happy Retreat," Howard County, Md., January 7, 1819; son of Col. Richard Dorsey. Educated at Brookville Academy, Montgomery County, Md.; M.D., Wash- ington Medical College, Baltimore, 1839; moved from Howard County to Mount Vernon, near Baltimore, 1842 or 1843; from there removed to Washingtonville (now Mount Washington), where he spent the remainder of his life. Died at "Mount Rad- nor," of apoplexy, March 6, 1850. See list of 1848. *Dorsey, William H. 1810. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1810 (?). Of Montgomery County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Dougherty, Bernard A. Born at York, Pa., September, 1825. Edu- cated at the Athenaeum, Cincinnati, and St. John's College, Louis- ville; pupil of Dr. D. A. O'Donnell and Dr. McGuire; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1847; began practice at Cumberland, Md. Died at New York City, April i, 1875. Douglass, Eugene. 1896. Born at Preston, Md., i860. Educated at Preston Academy; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1888; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; practiced at Oxford, Md., but now resides at Baltimore. 830 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *DovE, George McCauley. 1841. Born at Washington, D. C, Octo- ber 5, 1817. Pupil of Dr. Kearney, U. S. N. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1839; Surgeon, Baltimore Battalion in the Mexi- can War, 1846; settled at Washington, D. C, 1848-49; Physician to Washington Almshouse; Attending Physician, Providence Hos- pital ; President and Secretary, Board of Health of the District of Columbia ; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, National Medical College. Died at Washington, January 30, 1874. 381 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Downs, Dionysius. 1853. M.D. ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1851- 54. Annual Member. See list of 1853. Full Member. Trans., 1858. *DowNS, p. C. Of Church Hill, Queen Anne's County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Dr. Cooper Downs was licensed 1807 (Quinan). DowNES, Clarence E. 1892. Born at Bridgetown, Queen Anne's County, Md., April 18, 1866. Ph.G., Philadelphia College of Phar- macy, 1886 ; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1888. 735 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *DowNES, Jesse. Founder. 1799. Of Caroline County, Md. *DowNES, William H., Jr. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., August 29, 1841. Educated at Dickinson College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864 ; practiced at Denton, Md. ; Attending Physician, Caroline County Almshouse. Died at Denton, Md., January i, 1891. Downey, Jesse Wright. 1883. Born near Newmarket, Frederick County, Md. Educated at Rock Hill College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; Vice-President, Medical and Chirugical Faculty of Maryland, 1892-93 ; Assistant Surgeon, First Regiment, M. N. G., 1893-98; practices at Newmarket. *DoYLE, H. G. 1829. M.D., Transylvania University, Ky., 1822. Of Hagerstown, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Draper, a. C. 1826. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, later of Philadelphia. See list of 1848. *Dkought, Albert M. 1888. Born at Baltimore, May 17, 1866. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1885; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1888. Died at Baltimore, by drowning, July 17, 1890. *DuBarry, Edmund Lewis. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1822; Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., January 30, 1823; Surgeon, May 24, 1826; he was the author of "The United States: Its Power and Progress," translated from the French of Guillaume Tell Poassin, Bvo, Philadelphia. Died, July 12, 1853. See list of 1848. *Ducachet, Henry William. Born at Charleston, S. C, 1796. M.D., (New York), 1817; settled at Baltimore; Censor, 1818-26; moved 382 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY to New York, entering the ministry of the P. E. Church; he was the author of "Prognostics and Crises of Hippocrates," translated with notes, i6mo, New York,"T8i9. Died at Philadelphia, Decem- ber 13, 1865. *DucATEL, Jules Timoleon. Born at Baltimore, June 6, 1796; son of Edme Ducatel, a pharmaceutist. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, and (1818-22) at Paris; Professor of Natural Philoso- phy, Mechanics' Institute, Baltimore, 1824; Professor of Chemistry and Geology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Maryland ; Professor of Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Mary- land, 1831-37 ; State Geologist, 1833-41 ; Professor of Chemistry, Min- eralogy and Geology, St. John's College, Annapolis; on expedition of exploration to the Upper Mississippi and Lake Superior, 1843-46 ; Founder of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature; President, Maryland Academy of Science and Literature, 1821-37; author of "A Manual of Practical Toxicology," i2mo, Baltimore, 1832 (burned); second edition, 1833; Editor of Baltimore Times, 1830-31. Died at Baltimore, April 23, 1849. *DucKETT, Richard I. Founder. 1799. Died at Queen Anne, Prince George County, Md., November, 1801. *DucKETT, Thomas Buchanan. 1824. Born 1800. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Died in Washington County, Md., December 27, 1875, aged 75. See list of 1848 and Scharf's "Western Maryland." 1 Dudley, Samuel C. 1899. Born near Sudlersville, Queen Anne's County, Md., June 17, 1843. M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Clerk of Circuit Court, Queen Anne's County, 1881-87; resides at Church Hill, Md. Name not in Polk. DuER, Robert. 1814. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1814. Of Maryland. See list of 1848. *DuHamel, William James Chamberlin. About 1872. Born in Maryland, January 18, 1827. Educated at St. Mary's College, Balti- more; M.D., University of Maryland, 1849; practiced at Washing- ton, D. C, 1849-69; then removed to Baltimore but returned to Washington later; Physician to Washington jail; Acting Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. A. Died at Washington, August 15, 1883. *DuKE, James. 1821. M.D., University of Maryland, 1820. Of Cal- vert County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 25 383 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *DuLiN, Alexander Franklin. 1831. Born in Fairfax County, Va., May 7, 1806. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1830; Resident Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1830-35; then began practice in the city; after several years spent in Europe, he died at Baltimore, November 25, 1874. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *DuLiN, Alexander Franklin. 1879. Born at Baltimore, October S, 1856. Educated in Europe and at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; studied in Europe; Vaccine Physician. Died at Baltimore, December 19, 1891. *Dunan, Adolphus. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; Cen- sor, 1831. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. *Dunan, a. J. 1801 (?). Of Baltimore. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *DunbaRj John Richard Woodcock. 1836. Born Cvt Winchester, Va., 1805. A.M., Dickinson College; pupil of Dr. John Bell, of Phila- delphia; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1828; Resident Physi- cian, Pennsylvania Hospital ; practiced at Winchester several years ; removed to Baltimore, 1830; Founder of Baltimore Medical Insti- tute; Professor of Surgery, Washington University, 1837-42; Senior Grand Warden, Grand Lodge of Masons, 1845 ; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859-70; President, Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, 1870; he was the author of "Essay on the Nervous System," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1828; Co-Editor, Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal, 1839-43. Died at Baltimore, July 3, 1871. *Dunbar, Robert Mackey. 1831. Born at Winchester, Va., September 25, 1808; a brother of J. R. W. Dunbar. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1830; connected with an Infirmary at Baltimore. Died at Winchester (of consumption), November 27, 1831. See list of 1848. DuncaNj a. University of Pennsylvania, 1823 (?). Of Baltimore. See Trans., 1831 {American Journal of the Medical Sciences). *DuNGLisoN, RoBLEY. 1833. Bom at Keswick, Cumberland County, England, January 4, 1798. Studied medicine at the Universities of Edinburgh and Paris; Licentiate Royal College of Surgeons and Society of Apothecaries, London, 1819; commenced practice at London, 1819; M.D., University of Erlangen, 1824; Physician- 384 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Accoucher, Eastern Dispensary, London, 1824; Founder of the School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1824; M.D. (Honor- ary), Yale, 1825; Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1824-33; Chairman of the Faculty, University of Vir- ginia ; Professor of Materia Medica, Hygiene and Medical Jurispru- dence, University of Maryland, 1833-36 ; Dean, University of Mary- land, 1834-35 ; Professor of Institutes of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1836-68; Emeritus Professor, 1868-69; Dean, Jefferson Medical College; LL.D., Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., 1852; Vice-President, American Philosophical Society, 1853-56 and 1858-59; author of a "Medical Dictionary," first edition, 2 vols., Boston, 1833 (21st edition by his son) ; "An Ancient Geography," 1825 ; "Medical Formulas," 1839 (seventh edition, 8vo, 1856) ; "Med- ical Student," 1837 (second edition, 1844) ; "Practice," 2 vols., 8vo, 1842 (third edition, 1848) ; "Dictionary for the Blind," 3 vols., fol. ; "Roget's Physiology;" "Hooper's Surgical Vade Mecum;" "Forbes' Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine," 4 vols., 8vOi, Philadelphia, 1848; "General Therapeutics and Materia Medica," 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1836 (six editions) ; "Elements of Hygiene," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1835; "Human Physiology," 2 vols., 8vo, Philadelphia, 1832 (eighth edition, 1856); "Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels in Children;" "Larrey's Memoir on the Moxa;" "Magendie's Formulary of New Remedies" (seven editions); "Thraill's Medical Jurisprudence;" "Introduction to the study of Greek and Roman Geography," with Professor Long; "The Insane Poor," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1839; Editor of American Medical Library and Intelligencer (monthly), 1837-42; Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles-Lettres, etc. "A beacon light to the world of medical literature, and one of the foremost writers and teachers of his day" (Gross). Died at Philadelphia, October i, 1869. *DuNKEL, George Augustus. 1801 (?). Son of John Ludwig Dunkel, of Long Island, a native of Westphalia, Germany. Came to Mary- land before 1785; practiced in Baltimore City and County; a part- ner of Dr. Cradock. Died at his country seat, June 4, 1838. *DuNNiNGT0N, WiLLiAM WiNTER. 1808. Born 1775. Died at Nan- jemoy, Charles County, Md., 1829. See Medical and Physical Re- corder and lists of 1848 and 1853. DuNOTT, Daniel Zacharias. 1896. Born at Frederick City, Md., February 11, 1870; son of T. J. Dunott. Educated at Seller's 385 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Academy, Harrisburg, Pa. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1891 ; Surgeon, Pennsylvania Railroad, Harrisburg, 1892-93 ; on the Stafif of Harrisburg Hospital Eye and Ear Department of Dis- pensary, 1891-93; Demonstrator of Minor Surgery and Bandaging, Baltimore Medical College, 1894-95 ; Demonstrator of Osteology, Baltimore Medical College, 1895-96; Resident Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary, 1895-98. 1802 North Charles Street, Balti- more. *DuN0TT, Thomas Justus. 1875. Honorary. 1878. Born at Phila- delphia, May 29, 183 1 ; son of Dr. Justus Dtmott. Educated at Philadelphia High School; pupil of his father; M.D., Jefferson, 1852; Attending Physician, Philadelphia Dispensary, 1852-53; prac- ticed at Elkton, Md., 1853-58; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861 ; Surgeon, First Maryland Cavalry, 1862 ; discharged for dis- ability, 1863 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, 1864-65 ; practiced at Frederick City, Md., 1865-73; at Harrisburg, Pa., 1873-93; Chief Medical Officer, City Hospital, 1873-93; Surgeon, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1892; President, Dauphin County Medical Society. Died at Philadelphia, May 20, 1893. DuNTON, William Rush, Jr. 1897. Born at Philadelphia, July 24, 1868. B.S. and M.A., Haverford; M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania; Assistant Physician, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, Towson, Md. *DuRKEE, Robert Aloysius. 1831. Born about 1800. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1822; M.D. (Honorary), Washington Uni- versity, Baltimore, 1840; Consulting Physician, Board of Health of Baltimore, 1841-43; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1834-48. Died at Baltimore, 1848. Duval, A. P. See Trans., 1870, Baltimore Medical Journal and Bulle- tin. (Is this "Duvall, Alexander, M.D., 1826," Catalogue of the University of Maryland, or is it "Duval, E. P."?) *Duval, Edmund P. 1853. Born at "Fairview," Montgomery County, Md., June 28, 1826. Educated at Rockville Academy; attended medical lectures at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1847; practiced with his father in Montgomery County; later, at Baltimore; Physician to Baltimore Almshouse and Jail ; later, at Cumberland ; farmed in Montgomery County, 1877-80; State Librarian, 1880-92; Clerk in the Adjutant General's Office, 1892-96. Died at Annapolis, September 5, 1901. (There are 386 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY five generations of doctors in this family ; viz : Mareen ; his son Ben- jamin, who began practicing in 1788; his son Washington; his son E. P.; his son Douglas R, U. S. A.) DuvALj Charles. Censor of Prince George County, 1831, American Journal of Medical Sciences. Of Vansville, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *DuvAL, Grafton. 1802 (Federal Gazette, June 25). Born in Mary- land, 1780. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1802; Member of the Executive Council of Mary- land. Died at Maryland Tract, Frederick County, Md., August 22, 1841. Duval, Thomas W. 1834. M.D. (?). Of Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. (Is this "Duval, William W., University of Maryland, 1843?") *DuvAL, Washington. 1828. Born in Montgomery County, Md., June 23, 1776. Educated at Rockville Academy; pupil of Professors Gibson and De Butts; M.D., University of Maryland, 1820; prac- ticed in Montgomery County for over fifty years; Van Buren Elector, 1836; frequently a member of the State Senate and of the House of Delegates; one of the "glorious nineteen" of 1836; mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention of Maryland, 1867; a fine Sur- geon. Died in Montgomery County, February 26, 1874. DuvALL, Wirt Adams. 1895. Born in Anne Arundel County, Octo- ber 21, 1863. A.M., St. John's College, Annapolis, 1895; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Vaccine Physician, 1890-92; Assist- ant Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1889-90; Demonstrator of Osteology and Prosector, Baltimore Medical Col- lege, 1893-95 ; Demonstrator of Osteology, University of Maryland, 1897 ; inventor of a protective shield in infectious diseases. 1609 Edmondson Avenue, Baltimore. *DwiNELLE, James Elliott. 1874. Born at Cazenovia, N. Y., January 30, 1830. Educated at Oneida Conference Seminary; M.D., Jef- ferson Medical College, 1854; Interne, Blockley Hospital, 1854-55; settled at Baltimore, 1855. Died at Baltimore, July 18, 1902. Dyer, William T. 1824. See Treasurer's MS. book and list of 1848. *Dyson, Bennett. 1814. Of Nanjemoy, Charles County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. 2>^7 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *EaleRj Peter G. Born in Pennsylvania, 1770. Arrived in Baltimore about 1800; settled at Fells Point; "the only apothecary who re- mained within the limits of the epidemic of yellow fever in 1819;" he rendered service as a physician then. Died at Baltimore, 1832. Eareckson, Edith. 1895. Born at Baltimore. M.D., Woman's Medi- cal College, Baltimore, 1893 ; Lecturer on Hygiene, Woman's Medi- cal College, 1895-98; Associate Professor of Hygiene, Woman's Medical College, 1898- 1900. 932 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Eareckson, Roderick Winchester. 1875. Born at Kent Island, Queen Anne's County, Md., February 12, 1825. Pupil of Profes- sor S. Chew; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; removed to Baltimore, 1873, and to Elkridge, 1875. Died at Elkridge, March 13, 1891. EarecksoNj William Rose. 1890. Born at Kent Island, Queen Anne's County, Md., August 6, 1867. M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; resides at Elk Ridge, Md. Earle, Edward. Of Wye Mills, Talbot County, Md. See list of 1848. *Earle, John Charles. 1853 (?). Born at "Medford," Queen Anne's County, Md., 1824. Educated at Centerville Academy and Newark (Del.) College; graduated from Newark College, 1839; pupil of Dr. James Bordley; M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; Resi- dent Physician, University' Hospital ; began practice at Centerville, in partnership with Dr. Bordley; after many years removed to Talbot County; retired from practice and devoted himself to agri- culture. Died at Easton, Md., May 17, 1902. Earle^ Samuel T., Jr. 1885. Born near Centerville, Md., December 2, 1849. M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; President of the Board of Medical Examiners, 1892 ; Professor of Physiology and Diseases of the Rectum, Baltimore Medical College; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1900-01 and 1902-03. 1431 Linden Avenue. *Eastman, Lewis M. Born at Baltimore, July 17, 1836; son of Jona- than Eastman. A.M., Newton University, Baltimore, 1856; taught at Knapp's School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1859; As- sistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-65, with Eighteenth Dragoons ; a Founder of the Baltimore Medical Association, 1866; President, Microscopical Society of Baltimore, 1881-82; a Founder of Balti- 388 OMEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY more University, and Professor of Microscopy there for several years. Died at Baltimore, June 27, 1901. Edelin, Horatio. 1825. Of Piscataway, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Edelin_, James. 1801 (?). Born in Prince George County, Md. Said to have graduated at Medical School of Philadelphia. Died in Prince George County, aged fifty (Q.). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (There was also a Jacobus Edelin in the same county, doubtless a brother of the above.) *Edelin, Richard J. 1827. Born in Maryland, 1764. Of Prince George County, Md. Died in St. Mary's County, Md., 1835 (Q.). See Treasurer's MS. book, and lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Edelin, William J. 1825. Born near Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md., early in 1800 ; son of Dr. Richard Edelin. Pupil of his uncle (Dr. N. Potter); M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; practiced at Leonardtown; Censor, St. Mary's County, 1831 (American Journal of the Medical Sciences) ; Censor of the same County, 1840 (Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal) ; "stood high in his profession if low in his boots; but while short he was very broad-shouldered; a great wrestler in his youth and noted for his personal bravery" (E. J. C). Died about 1874, of con- gestive chill. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Edrington, Edmund G. 1825. Came from Virginia ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1825; practiced at Baltimore; later, at Pittsburg, Pa.; was at Vicksburg, Miss., 1837 (Fonerden's corrected list); Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1834-36; was living in 1853 (see Trans.). See list of 1848. *Edwards, Charles. 1812. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 181 1. Of Queen Anne, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1853 and 1873. *Edwards, Thomas Owings. 1832. Born at Williamsport, Washing- ton County, Md., March 29, 1810. M.D., University of Maryland ("Virginia"), 1831; removed to Ohio, 1831; Member of Congress, 1849-51; Inspector of Marine Hospitals, 1851-52; Professor of Ma- teria Medica and Dean, Medical College of Ohio, 1852-55; Sur- geon, U. S. A., 1861-62; went to Wheeling, 1875. Died at Wheel- ing. February 5, 1876. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 389 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY EiCHELBERGER, James W. 1829. Born at Abbottstown, Pa., June 17, 1804; son of Jos. Eichelberger. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; practiced all his life and died at Emmitsburg, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. EiLAU, Emanuel W. 1892. Born at Baltimore, 1854. Educated at Baltimore City College; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1874; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; Professor of Physi- ology, Baltimore University, 1890-95; Professor of Therapeutics, Baltimore University, 1895-96; Dean, Baltimore University, 1891- 96. 1908 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Elbert, Andrew W. H. 1849. M.D. Of Royal Oak, Talbot County, Md. See Archives and lists of 1853 and 1873. Eldred, Frank Carol. 1898. Born at Watkins, N. Y., March 13, 1868. Graduate of Spencer Academy, New York, 1886 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891. Of Sparrows Point, Md. Elfinch, . 1816. See list of 1848. ElgiNj William Franklin 1892. Born in Montgomery County, Md., September 16, 1861. Educated at Western Maryland College, Westminster; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Clinical As- sistant in Surgery, Emergency Hospital, Washington, D. C, 1891-92; in charge of the National Vaccine Establishment, 1893- 98; Assistant in Bacteriology, Marine Hospital Laboratory, Wash- ington, 1895-98; Director, Mulford Company's Vaccine Farm, Glenolden, Pa., 1898 — . *Ellicott, Lindley. Born at Baltimore, January 26, 1836. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1870; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary. Died at Bal- timore, August 30, 1876. Elliott, John B. 1833. M.D. ; U. S. N., 1834-37 ; Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N. Died June 4, 1869. See list of 1848, and Trans. American Medical Association, 1870. (There is a "John Elliott, 1827, Md.," among the alumni of the University of Maryland.) Ellis, Charles Manly. 1875. Born at Elkton, Md., December 13, 1838. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1861; settled in practice at Elkton; Assistant Surgeon, Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 1861- 63; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1897-98; practices at Elkton. 390 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Ellis Edward Dorsey. 1890. Born at Baltimore, November 22, 1868; son of Dr. R. H. P. Ellis. Educated at Friends' School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890; lec- tured at Baltimore Medical College on Materia Medica four years ; Visiting Physician to Maryland General Hospital for three years. y23 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Ellis, Robert H. P. 1881. Born near Snow Flill, Worcester County, Md., 1854. Educated at Worcester Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1877 ; began practice at Baltimore ; Professor of Materia Medioa and Therapeutics, Baltim'ore Medical College, 1883; Emeritus Professor, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Baltimore Medical College, 1897—. 1704 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Elzey, Arnold. Founder. i799- Born in Maryland, 1758. Resided in Montgomery County, Md.; moved thence to Washington, D. C; Garrison Surgeon's Mate, U. S. A., Fifth District, April 15, 1814; Post Surgeon, Washington, D. C, April 10, 1816, holding this office until death; Vice-President, Medical Society of the District of Columbia. Died at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1818. *Emory, John D. Born in Maryland, I779- Physician to Queen Anne's County Almshouse, 1792; Surgeon, Fifty-eighth Maryland Regiment, 1807 (Q.). Died at Centerville, Md., 1834. Emory, John K. B. 1822. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822. Of Elkton, Cecil County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Emory, Richard. 1879. Born in Baltimore County, March 9, 1839; son of Richard Emory. Educated at Rev. F. Gibson's School; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861; practiced at "Manor Glen," Baltimore County, 1861-62; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862-65; after the war resumed practice in Baltimore County. Died near Phoenix, Baltimore County, June 11, 1895. *Emory, Thomas. 1801 (?). Of Queen Anne's County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Emory, Thomas Hall. 1827. Educated at Virginia Military Insti- tute; M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. See list of 1848. Emory, Thomas Hall. 1897. Born at Taylor, Baltimore County, Md., July, 1874. Educated at Virginia Military Institute and St. James College, Hagerstown, Md.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; resides at Hess, Harford County, Md. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Erich, Augustus Frederick. Born at Eisleben, Prussia, May 4, 1837, Came to Maryland, 1856; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861; Gynaecologist, Baltimore Special Dispensary, 1868; a Founder, 1871, and President, Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, 1885 ; Professor of Chemistry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1873-74; Editor, Baltimore Physician and Surgeon, 1873-76; Professor of Gynoscology, College of Physicians and Sur- geons, 1874-86; Founder of the Maryland Woman's Hospital, 1877; Surgeon in Charge of the Maryland Woman's Hospital, 1877-86; inventor of a self-retaining vaginal speculum. Died at Baltimore, December 7, 1886. Erich^ Louise. 1897. Born at Baltimore, August 12, 1863 ; daughter of Dr. A. F. Erich. M.D., Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1895; Assistant in Pathology and Histology and Chief of Eye Clinic, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1895-97 ; Professor of Orthopaedics, Woman's Medical College, 1901 — ; Physician to "Evening Dispensary for Working Women;" Physical Examiner, Gymnasium Y. W. C. A. 613 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Etchison, Elisha C. 1892. Born near Damascus, Montgomery County, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1874; Mayor of Gaithersburg (four terms) ; Member of House of Delegates, 1893- 95; resides at Gaithersburg, Md. *EvANS, Amos Alexander. 1807. Born near Elkton, Cecil County, Md., November 26, 1785. Educated at Newark (Del.) Aca- demy; pupil of Dr. George E. Mitchell, of Elkton, 1804-06; attend- ed lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, 1806-07; Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., 1808-10; Surgeon, 1810; on Frigate "Constitution," 1812-13; M.D., Harvard, 1814; settled to practice at Elkton, 1817; resigned from Navy, 1824; Censor for Cecil County, 1831 and 1840. Died at Elkton, Md., January 15, 1848. Evans, Britton Duroc. 1892. Born in Caroline County, Md., Octo- ber I, 1858. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885; practiced at Millington, Kent County, Md., 1885-87; on medical staff, Pennsylvania Railroad ; Assistant Medical Superin- tendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1887-92; Medical Superintendent, Maryland Institution for the Feeble-minded ; Medical Director, New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane, Morris Plains, N. J., 1892 — ; President, Morris County Medical Society. 392 ^ MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *EvANS, John. 1848. Born near Port Deposit, Md., April 25, 1810 twin son of Robert Evans. M.D., University of Maryland, 1832 settled at Port Deposit; removed to Havre-de-Grace, Md., 1838 returned to Port Deposit, 1870; Member of the State Convention, 1867. Died near Port Deposit, June 13, 1878. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Evans, Sheldon Guthrie. 1894. Born at Camp Date Creek, Ariz., August 27, 1869; son of George Washington Evans. Educated at Maupin's School and Baltimore City College; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890; Clinical Assistant, City Hospital, and Resident Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, 1890; appointed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., November 18, 1890; Passed Assistant Surgeon (with rank of Lieutenant), November, 1893; Naval Hospital, Portsmouth. *EvANS, Thomas Benjamin. 1855. Born at Baltimore, November 5, 1832. Educated at Baltimore Academy, where he graduated, 1849; pupil of Prof. J. C. S. Monkur; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1853; Vaccine Physician, 1855-60 and 1866-67; Surgeon, Baltimore City Guards during the Civil War; President, Balti- more Medical and Surgical Society, 1873-74 and 1880-81; Presi- dent, Baltimore Medical Association, 1887-88; Vice-President, American Medical Association, 1889; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1888-89; Professor of Ophthalmology, later of Pathology, and Dean, Baltimore University. Died at Balti- more, October 30, 1891. *EvERSFiELD, Edward. 1813. Of Nottingham, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. t=EwiNG, Henry Moore. 1881. Born at Little Britain, Lancaster County, Pa., October 5, 1832. Educated at Strasburgh Academy and Franklin College; pupil of Dr. Benjamin Sides; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1857; settled at Mount Washington, Balti- more County, Md., 1857; Physician to Baltimore County Alms- house, 1872-78. Died at Mount Washington, September 28, 1890. *Eyeman, John. 1801 (?). M.D. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Eyster, George Hupp. 1878. Born in Shenandoah County, Va., March 4, 1845; son of Dr. Wm. D. Eyster. Educated at Shenan- doah Academy, University of Virginia and Virginia Military 393 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Institute; in C. S. A.; Lieutenant-Colonel (brevet), regular ser- vice, C. S. A., i86s; attended medical lectures at University of Virginia and Bellevue Medical College, New York; M.D., Belle- vue, 1868; practiced at Staunton, Va., 1868-73; since that at Bal- timore. Fahrney, Henry Peter. 1899. Born at Keedysville, Washington County, Md., April 14, 1870. B.E., Juniata, Huntingdon, Pa., 1888; Pharmacist, 1888-92; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1895 ; Physician in Charge of Montevue Hospital for the Insane, Frederick City, 1898 — ; Associate Editor, The Medicus; resides at Frederick City, Md. *Fallgerolls, J. P. 1801 (?). M.D. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Farnandis, George G. Born at Baltimore. Educated at Mount St Mary's College, Emmitsburg; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852; Physician to Baltimore Almshouse, 1856-59 and 1870-75; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, i860; Sur- geon, C. S. A., 1861-65; on Gen. Kirby Smith's staff; later, on Army Medical Examining Board, Trans-Mississippi Department; Professor of Surgery, Washington University, Baltimore, 1871-73; retired from practice and resides on his farm in Harford County, Md. *Fassitt, Thomas S. Founder. 1799. Bom in Worcester County, Md., 1765; son of William and Sarah Fassitt. Married Sallie Rat- liff Fassitt, a widow; Surgeon, Ninth Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1894. Died in Worcester County, Md., 1845. *Fauntleroy, Archibald Magill. Honorary. 1882. Born at War- renton Va., July 8, 1836; son of Gen. T. T. Fauntleroy. Gradu- ated at the Virginia Military Institute, 1857; attended medical lectures at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, i860; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., i860; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861; Chief of the Surgical Staff of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston; Medical Director and Surgeon in Charge of the General Hospital at Danville ; later, at Staunton ; after the War, settled at Staunton, Va. ; President, Medical Society of Virginia; Medical Director, Staunton Life Association; Superintendent, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, which position he held, with two years inter- mission, until his death; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1882. Died at Staunton, Va., June 19, 1886. 394 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Fawcett, Robert. 1892. Born at Baltimore, 1867; son of Dr. Chris- topher Fawcett. Educated at Maryland State Normal School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; Chief of Chest Clinic, Woman's Medical College, 1892-94; in Fifth Maryland Volunteers, Spanish War, 1898; Medical Examiner, Prudential Life Insurance Com- pany. 550 Mosher Street, Baltimore. Feddeman, William H. 1898. Bom in Accomack County, Va., November 6, 1865. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Ex- aminer for John Hancock Life Insurance Company. 800 First Avenue, North, Baltimore. Fenhagen, Frank Cecil. 1876. Born at Baltimore, March 26, 1855; son of James C. Fenhagen. Educated at St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1875 ; Treasurer, Tunis Lumber Company for fifteen years ; Presi- dent, Canton Lumber Company, Baltimore, 1902 — . *Fenv^ick, Martin. M.D., University of Maryland, 1813 ("La.") ; Surgeon, First Regiment of Artillery of Maryland Militia, 1814; Censor, Anne Arundel County, Md., 1819 (American Medical Recorder). Ferguson, John R. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831; Cen- sor, Charles County, Md., 1840. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Ferguson, Robert. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829. Of Charles County, Md. See list of 1848. Field, Philip S. 1879. Born at Philadelphia, May 10, 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1852; Resident Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1852-54; A. A. Surgeon, U. S. A. 805 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. *Fincke, Frederick H. 1892. Born in Germany, 1869. Graduated from Baltimore City College; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1891; Assistant Physician, Johns Hop- kins Dispensary; went to Germany to pursue advanced study, 1894; returned and entered Harvard University, 1898, as student of Dentistry; expert in Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry and Chem- istry, Paris Exposition. Died at St. Joseph's Hospital, Chicago, August 13, 1899. *FiNLEY, Michael A. Born in 1786. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1808; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, University of 395 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39. Died at Williamsport, Md. March 25, 1848. Finney, John M. T. 1891. Born at Natchez, Miss., June 30, 1863. A.B., Princeton, 1884; M.D., Harvard University, 1889; Asso- ciate in Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-97; Associate Professor, 1897 — ; Brigade Surgeon, M. N. G. 1300 Eutaw Place. Baltimore. *FiSHER, Jesse. 1809. *FiSHER, Jacob. 1821. Born in Sussex County, Del., December 2, 1796; son of a Baptist minister. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; settled at Rock Hall, Kent County, Md. ; Registrar of Wills of Kent County. "Tall and portly, with suave manners and fine con- versational powers" (Trans., American Medical Association, i860). Died of paralysis, February 18, 1859. Fisher, James. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Of Tiffin, O. See list of 1848. *FiSHER, John. 1828. Born in Baltimore County, Md., July, 1803. Educated at Asbury College; pupil of Drs. George Brown and Colin Mackenzie; M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; practiced in Cecil County, Md. ; Censor, Cecil County, 1840; returned to Baltimore County in 1853 and located near Pikesville, where he died, December 22, 1877. Fisher, Samuel Groome. 1899. Bom at Rock Hall, Kent County, Md., July II, 1865; son of Dr. S. G. Fisher, of Chestertown, and grandson of Dr. Jacob Fisher. M.D., University of Maryland, 1890 ; settled at Port Deposit, Md., and has been in active practice there ever since. *Fisher, William. 1817. Born in Baltimore County, 1794. M.D., University of Maryland, 1816; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1819-21 and 1826-28; Resident Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane; practiced for many years in Baltimore, moving to Pikesville about 1859; never married; left a large fortune, much of it to charity. Died at Pikesville, Baltimore County, Md., August 7, 1879. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Fisher, William R. 1828. Born at Philadelphia, 1808. M.D. ; came to Baltimore, 1827, and established a pharmacy about 1834; Professor of Botany, University of Maryland (School of Letters) ; 396 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor of Chemistry, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39; returned to Philadelphia, 1839; later, Professor of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy of Philadelphia. Died near Philadelphia, October 25, 1842. FiSKEj John Dwinelle. 1878. Born at Cazenovia, Madison County, N. Y., September 4, 1853. Educated in France and Germany; pupil of Dr. J. E. Dwinelle; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875; Librarian, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. 11 South Gay Street, Baltimore. FiTZ, Reginald Heber. Honorary. 1893. Born at Chelsea, Mass., May 5, 1843. A.B., Harvard, 1864; A.M., Harvard, 1867; M.D., Harvard, 1868; settled at Boston; President, Boylston Medical Society; Professor of Pathological Anatomy, Harvard University; Microscopist and Curator of Pathological Cabinet, Massachusetts General Hospital; Physician to Boston Dispensary; Hersey Pro- fessor of the Theory and Practice of Physic, Harvard University; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1893; joint author, "Practice of Medicine" (Wood and Fitz), 1897; Editor of Shat- tuck and Sabine's translation of Orth's "Compend of Diagnosis in Pathological Anatomy," 1878; has done special work in affections of vermiform appendix and pancreas. *FiTZGERALD, WiLLiAM A. 1816. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810. Of Bladensburg, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *FiTZHUGH, John, Jr. 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., December 28, 1818. Died July 6, 1826. In list of 1848 marked dead. *FiTZPATRiCK, James. 1830. Settled in Montgomery County, Md., on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; M.D., University of New York, 1830. See list of 1848. Fleming, George A. 1885. Born at Baltimore, March 4, 1862; son of Dr. J. P. Fleming. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Demon- strator of Opthalmology, University of Maryland, 1901 — ; Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Baltimore. 1018 Madi- ison Avenue, Baltimore. ♦Fleming, John Perkins. 1853. Born in Chester County, Pa., Jan- uary 31, 1829; son of George Fleming. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1851; settled at Baltimore, succeeding his uncle. Dr. Joseph 397 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Fleming Perkins, in practice. Died at Baltimore, August 13, 1868. See list of 1853. ^Fleming, Thomas A. 1831. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1831. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Flexner, Simon. 1892. Born at Louisville, Ky., about 1865 ; son of Morris Flexner. M.D., University of Louisville, 1889; graduate student, Johns Hopkins University, 1890-91; Fellow in Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1891-92; Associate in Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1892-95; Associate Professor of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1895-99; studied in Germany; Profes- sor of Pathological Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, 1899-1900; Professor of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 1900 — ; has done important work in experimental pathology. *FoNERDEN, John. 1826. Born at Baltimore, January 22, 1804. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1826-28; President, Medico-Chirurgical Society, 1831 ; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1833 ; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1828-34; City Physician, 1832; Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Washington University, Baltimore, 1845-46; Medical Superin- tendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1846-69; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1853-54; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1854-55; Visiting Physician to Bayview Asylum. An eminent alienist and philanthropist (Trans. American Medical Association, 1870). Died at Boston, May 6, 1869. FooKS, Frederick E. 1891. M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1873. 1517 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. *Forbes, James. Founder. 1799. Of Allegany County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *FoRD, Joseph. 1832. M.D. ; Censor of St. Mary's County, 1840; mar- ried Miss Mary Jenkins, of Baltimore. "A fast liver, died early" (E. J. C). Of Charles County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *FoRE, James H. 1892. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1886; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum (Polk, 1893). Died at Baltimore, 1894 or 1895. 398 ■# ^^^*i^<> •^■^m^ , .^.•i*-" •^■»%^*=,,_ ^v .t:!..- ti^m,'7Z^i^iiiMi& J| mg^ ^W^flH ^,,.J m^^ m ^W ^^r^&^MsS^I ^raK P^J m ^1 llll HKi^aWHi^^K L^ i^^i ^^^^^1 ^^^^H B^^hIp'I HIH! HHHHI IHHHi ROBERT GOLDSBOROUGH 1 772- 1849. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *FoREMAN, Edward. Born alt Baltimore, 1808. M.D., Washington College, Baltimore, 1830; Lecturer on Physiology, Washington College, 1835-36; Professor of Physiology, Washington College, 1836-49; Professor in Georgetown College; Chemist, Smithsonian Institute. "At Washington, D. C, died April 14, 1885, Pro- fessor Edward Foreman, Scientist, aged T]" (Sun). Forney, Daniel S. 1828. M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1828 ("Md.") ; moved to Burlington, la. Of Pennsylvania. Name is in Polk's Directory, 1886-96. See list of 1848. FoRRY, Samuel. 1836. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jefferson, 1832; appointed from Pennsylvania, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., Au- gust 30, 1836; resigned, October 31, 1840. See list of 1848. FoRSYTHE, Hugh. 1892. Born near Belfast, Ireland, January 12, 1866. Educated in the Public Schools at Steubenville, O. ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1889; Clinical Assistant in Surgery, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore. 231 1 Barclay Street, Balti- more. Fort, Alfred J. 1836. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of Ran- dallstO'wn, Baltimore County, Md. See Treasurer's book and lists of 1848 and 1853. Fort, Samuel Jayne. 1884. Born at Burlington, N. J., April 18, 1859. Graduated from Pennington Seminary, 1876; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1882; taught in the public schools in Adams County, Pa., 1876-77; Instructor in the Pennsylvania In- stitute for the Feeble-minded, 1879; Resident Physician, House of Correction, Holmesburg, Pa., 1882-83; practiced at Baltimore, 1883-86; Superintendent of a private school for the feeble-minded, "Font Hill Asylum," Ellicott City (the first effort in Maryland to teach this class) ; a Founder of Baltimore Neurological Society, 1893; Demonstrator of Materia Medica and Lecturer on Pharma- cology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1894, ^"d now Associate Professor of the same branches ; President, Howard County Medical Association (first ever established in that county), 1899 ; author of "Syllabus of Materia Medica," 1898. P. O., Ellicott City, Md. ♦FoRWOOD, William Stump. 1881. Born in Harford County, Md., January 27, 1830. Educated at Darlington Academy; pupil of Dr. Robert H. Archer; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1854; 26 399 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY practiced at Darlington, 1854-69; at Philadelphia, 1869-71; in Clarke County, Ala., 1871-73; then returned to Darlington; a Founder of Harford County Medical Society, 1866; a Founder of Clarke County (Ala.) Medical Society, and its President, 1872-73; President, Pennsylvania and Maryland Union Medical Associa- tion, 1882-83; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1883-84; a Founder of Harford County Historical Society, 1885, and its President, 1885-92; author of "Mammoth Cave, Ky.," 1870 (four editions). Died at Darlington, Md., January 2, 1892. FouTZ, Charles R. 1899. Born in Carroll County, Md., January 20, 1873. A.B., New Windsor College, Md., 1894; M.D., University of Maryland, 1897; continued study at Johns Hopkins Hospital; special attention to Ear, Nose and Throat; Secretary, Carroll County Board of Health; practices at Westminster, Md. Frames^ William Wayland. 1892. Born in Baltimore County, Md., August 28, 1867. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1889; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892; Resi- dent Physician, Maryland Lying-in Hospital, 1892-93; Demon- strator of Chemistry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1893- 97; Professor of Otology and Hygiene, Maryland Medical Col- lege, 1898; now Professor of Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat; Specialist in Nose and Throat Diseases. "The Severn," Baltimore, Frank, Samuel L. 1882. Born at Baltimore, 1841. Educated at the University of Maryland (School of Letters and Science) ; pupil of Prof. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1862; contin- ued studies at Wiirzburg and Vienna, 1862-64; Visiting Physician, Hebrew Hospital, 1864-72; Lecturer on Diseases of the Ear, Sum- mer Course, University of Maryland, and Attending Physician in Ear Diseases, Special Dispensary, 1867-72; in Vienna, Utrecht and London, 1872-75; Assistant to Prof. J. Soelberg Wells, Royal London Ophthalmological Hospital, 1874-75 '> Consulting Physician, Hebrew Hospital, 1875-80; Oculist and Aurist, Baltimore Gen- eral Dispensary, 1875-82; Attending Surgeon, Baltimore Eye, Ear, and Throat Charity Hospital, 1882-84; Oculist and Aurist, Nursery and Child's Hospital and House of Refuge; retired, 1884; President, South Baltimore Llarbor and Improvement Com- pany, and Brooklyn and Curtis Bay Light and Water Company. 8 East Lexington Street, Baltimore. Franklin, Charles M. 1897. Born at Lancaster, Pa., October 24, 1855. A.B., Franklin-Marshall College, 1877; A.M., Eranklin- 400 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Marshall College, 1880; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1881; Interne, Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia; Assistant Physician, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, N. Y. ; Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia; Pennsylvania Hospital, West Philadelphia; and now (1902) of Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital; President, Lan- caster County and City Medical Society, 1896. P. O., Towson, Md. *Franklin, Samuel. 1801. Censor, 1819. Of Upper Marlboro, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Fraser, Alexander. 1817. Of Cecil County, Md. ("Frazer, Alex- ander, S. C, 1808," Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania.) See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Frederick, Gustavus. 1820. M.D. See Treasurer's book and MS. Ardhives. Free, Spencer Michael. 1886. Born at New Freedom, York County, Pa., September 19, 1856. B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1877; M.A., Ohio Wesleyan University, 1880; M.D., College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1880; Surgeon, P. R. R., B. R. & P. R'y, A. V. R'y, R. & F. C. R. R., and Jefferson and Clearfield Coal and Iron Company. P. O., DuBois, Clearfield County, Pa. *Freeland, Edward H. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., March 11, 1829. Of Maryland. Died June 3, 1834. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Freeland, Frisby. 1801 (?). Of Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Freeland, Frisby Peregrine. 1809. Of Pluntingtown, Calvert County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Frey, Lewis Frederick. 1892. Born at Baltimore, October 25, 1866 ; son of Lewis Frey. Educated at Lebanon Valley College, Pennsyl- vania; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1888; Sanitary Inspector, 1892-96. 2466 Druid Hill Avenue, Baltimore. *Frick, Charles. 1853. Born at Baltimore, 1823. Assistant Civil Engineer, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1840; student of Dr. T. H. Buckler; M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; Resident at Alms- house, 1844-45 ; Vaccine Physician, 1846 ; a Founder of Maryland 401 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Medical Institute, 1847, and Lecturer there ; Physician to Maryland Penitentiary, 1849, and to the Union Protestant Infirmary, 1855 ; Pro- fessor of Materia Medica, Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1856-58; visited Europe, 1857; Founder oi Baltimore Pathological So- ciety, 1853 ; Professor of Materia Medica, University of Maryland, 1858-60; author of "Renal Affections: their Diagnosis and Pathol- ogy," i2mO', Philadelphia, 1850. Professor Prick's work was of the highest order, especially his analyses of blood and urine. He threw much light on fevers. Died March 25, i860. *Frick, George. 1816. Born at Baltimore, 1793. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1815 ; after studying abroad several years, began practice at Baltimore as Ophthalmologist; a Founder of Mary- land Academy of Sciences, 1819; Vaccine Physician, 1821-23; Lec- turer on Clinical Medicine, Maryland Hospital, 1822; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1821-26; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1823 ; Professor of Natural History, University of Maryland, 1830; about 1840 retired from practice and sipent the rest of his life mostly in Europe; author of "A Treatise on Diseases of the Eye," 8vo, Baltimore, 1823. (An Eng- lish edition, 8vo, edited by Richard Welbank, London, 1826, was also published.) This was the first separate treatise on the eye by an American. Died at Dresden, March 26, 1870; unmarried. *Friedenwald, Aaron. 1875. Born at Baltimore, December 20, 1836; son of Jonas Friedenwald. M.D., University of Maryland, i860; studied in Europe, 1860-62 ; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1873-1902; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1889-90; Consulting Physician, Hebrew Hospital ; Specialist in Ophthalmology and Otology. Died at Baltimore, August 26, 1902. Friedenwald, Harry. 1890. Born at Baltimore, 1864. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1884; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1886; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1886- 87; Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye and Ear, College of Physi- cians and Surgeons; Associate Professor of Diseases of the Eye ' and Ear, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Professor of same, 1902 ; Surgeon, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital ; President, Alumni Association, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1897-98; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1901-02. 1029 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Friedenwald, Julius. 1891. Born at Baltimore, December 20, 1866. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1887; M.D., College of Physi- 402 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1890-92; A.M. (Honorary), Loyola College, Baltimore, 1898; Associate Professor of Pathology and Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Stomach, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director of the Clinical Laboratory, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Assistant Director, Laboratory Pasteur Department, Bal- timore City Hospital. 7 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Fulton, John Samuel. 1890. Born at Fremont, O., January 5, 1859. B.A., St. John's, 1876 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; practiced some years at Salisbury, Wicomico County, Md. ; then removed to Baltimore; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1893-94; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1895- 97; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland; Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland; Secretary, State Board of Health of Maryland. 1809 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *FuLTON, Robert. 1829. Born in Frederick County, Md., April, 1803. Pupil of Dr. John Baltzell; M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; always resided and practiced at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, May 30, 1880. FuNCK, J. William. 1890. Born at Cumberland, Md. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1888; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1888-90; Chief of Eye and Ear Clinic, University of Maryland, 1889-94; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1889-93 ; Assistant in Histology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1895-96; Visiting Physician, Aged Men's and Women's Homes ; President, Medical and Sur- gical Society, 1895 ; Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore University, 1895-96; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore University, 1896-98; Professor of Diseases of the Eye, and Dean of Faculty of Maryland Medical College, 1898 — . 10: North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. *Fussel, Bartholomew. 1825. Born January 9, 1794; son of Barthol- omew Fussel. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; one of the Founders of the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia. Of Cecil County, Md. ; later, of Kennett Square, Chester County, Pa. See list of 1848. Futcher, Thomas Barnes. 1899. Born at St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada, January i, 1871. Educated at the High School of St. Thomas; M.B., University of Toronto, 1893; Resident Physician, 403 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Toronto General Hospital, 1893-94; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1894-98; Instructor in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1895-97; Associate in Medicine, Johns Hop- kins University, 1897-1901 ; Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hos- pital, 1898- 1901 ; Associate Professor Oif Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1901 — . 3 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Gabriel^ Calvin N. 1899. Born in Washington County, Md., April 23, 1866. A.B., Franklin-Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa., 1891 ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1897; Assistant Resident Phy- sician, Maryland General Hospital, 1897-98. 222 East Twenty- third Street, Baltimore. Gage, A. B. 1892. M.D. Of Baltimore. (There is a "Gage, Amos L. ; M.D., College Oif Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885, of 803 North Broadway, Baltimore," in Polk's Directory of 1896.) Gaines^ John Mutius. 1898. Born at Locust Hill, Culpepper County, Va., September i, 1837. Educated at the University of Virginia; graduated in the School of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 1858; M.D., University of Virginia, 1859; M.D., Jefferson Med- ical College, i860; Surgeon, Pickett's Division, Army of Northern Virginia, 1861-65 ; practiced at Alexandria, Va., and Boonsbor- ough, Md., removing to his present residence, Hagerstown, 1893; retired (Polk). Gaither, Abram Bradley. 1899. Born at Baltimore, 1863. A.B., Princeton, 1885; A.M., Princeton, 1888; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1887; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1887; Assistant in Genito-urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1890-97 ; Specialist in Genito-urinary Surgery ; Surgeon, Veteran Corps, Fifth Regiment, 1899 — . 527 North Charles Street, Bal- timore. Gamble, Cary Breckenridge. 1881. Born in Virginia, September 25, 1827. Educated at Washington College, Lexington, Va. ; studied Medicine at University of Virginia and at the University of Maryland; M.D., University of Maryland, 1846; Surgeon-General of Florida, 1860-61 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; began practice at Baltimore, 1866. 21 West Chase Street, Baltimore. Gamble, Cary Breckenridge, Jr. 1895. Born in Florida, October 3, 1862. A.M., Princeton College, 1885; M.D., University of Mary- 404 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land, 1887; Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons. 26 West Biddle Street, Baltimore. *Gambrill, Stevens. 1822. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., June 4, 1799. Attended lectures at the University of Maryland (School of Medicine); did not graduate; resided near Annapolis Cross-Roads, Anne Arundel County. Died November 17, 185 1. Gambrill, William Bartlett. 1892. Born at Baltimore, August 2,3, 1849. M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; Surgeon, Relief Depart- ment, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; practices at Alberton, Md. *Gannt, Edward. Founder. 1799. Born in Prince George County, Md. 1741. A.B., Princeton, 1762; said to have attended medical lec- tures at the University of Edinburgh; ordained minister of the P. E. Church, 1770 ; Surgeon, Revolutionary War ; moved to George- town, 1795, where he practiced medicine and introduced vaccination, 1802; three times Chaplain, United States Senate; moved to Ken- tucky, 1808, where be died, 1837. "Married Miss Compton, of Calvert County, Md." (Q.). *Gantt, Thomas. 1801 (?). Of Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. ("Thomas Gaunt" attended clinics at Pennsylvania Hospital, 1769-70. A Dr. Gantt was elected to the General Assembly from Calvert County, 1803. "Thomas Gantt, Surgeon's Mate, 1807-08" — Q. A Dr. Gantt died in Calvert County, 1812 — Potter's Lyceum, vol. i, No. 4.) *Gardiner, Charles L. M.D., University of Maryland, 1820. Of Chaptico, St. Mary's County, Md. Died before the War. See lists of 1848 and 1853. ^Gardner, Frank B. 1880. Born in 1848. M.D., University of Maryland, 1867. Died at Baltimore, September 7, 1895. Gardner, William Sisson. 1889. Born in Athens County, O., Septem- ber 23, 1861. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885; Resident Physician, Maternite, 1885-86; Demonstrator of Chemistry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1885-86; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1886-87 ; Demonstrator of Obstetrics, 1887- 93; Associate Professor of Gyntecology, 1893 — ; Editor of the Bulletin of the Alumni Society, College of Physicians and Surgeons. 1012 McCulloh Street, Baltimore. 405 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Garey, Henry Force. 1877. Born at St. Louis, Mo., July 22, 1854. Educated at Rockhill College, Md. ; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1876 ; a Founder of Southern Homoeopathic Medical Col- lege, and a member of its Faculty for two years ; Surgeon of the Dispensary, Homoeopathic Medical College ; Specialist in Eye and Ear Diseases. 341 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Garretson, Frederick. Born in Gloucester County, Va., 1837; son of Andrew Van Bibber and Bettie Carter Garretson, of Matthews County, Va. Educated at the College of St. James, Md. ; pupil of Dr. W. C. Van Bibber; M.D., University of Maryland, 1857; (entered in the catalogue as "Frederick Van Bibber, Va." Name was afterwards changed to Garretson by Act of Confederate Con- gress;) Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., May 23, 1857; dismissed. May 6, 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. N., 1861-65 ; was on cruiser "Florida;" was in Europe, 1865; after the War, practiced at Balti- more, 1865-72 ; removed to New York ; he was married but had no children. Died at Bound Brook, N. J., August 30, 1887. *Garrott, John D. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Garry, James. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1830. Of Mary- land. See list of 1848. Gatton, Edgar M. 1832. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Gaver, William E. 1892. Born near Middletown, Md., May 21, 1863. Educated at Middletown High School ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1888; Post-graduate Course, Johns Hopkins Hospital; resides at Mount Airy, Md. Gavin, Frank Denton. 1877. M.D., University of Maryland, 1874; Resident Physician in charge, Church Home and Infirmary, North Broadway, Baltimore. *Geddes, Robert. Founder. 1799. Surgeon, Ninth Infantry, U. S. A., 1799-1800 (Q.). Of Kent County, Md. *Geddings, Eli. 1831. Born in Newberry District, S. C, 1799. Edu- cated at Abbeville Academy; licensed to practice, 1820; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, 1821-22; M.D., Medical College of South Carolina, 1825 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Medi- 406 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cal College of South Carolina, 1825-28; at Paris and London, 1826- 27; lectured on Anatomy and Surgery, 1828-31; Clinical Lecturer, Charleston Almshouse; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Maryland, 1831-37; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1834; returned to Charleston, 1837; Professor of Patho- logical Anatomy and Medical Jurisprudence, Medical College ol the State of South Carolina, 1837-41 ; Professor of Surgery or Practice, 1841-61 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; Professor of Surgery, 1865-71 ; Emeritus Professor, 1871-78; he was the editor of the Baltimore Medical Journal, 1833-35 ; and of North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 1835-37 ; a contributor to the American Encyclopcedta of Practical Medicine and Surgery, edited by I. Hays, of Philadelphia. He was an able and learned teacher and forcible writer. Died t Charleston, October 9, 1878. Geer, Edwin. 1892. Born in Wilson County, N. C, February 9, 1865. Educated at Glenwood Institute; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1891 ; Assistant Physician, Quarantine Hos- pital, 1891-92; Resident Physician, City Hospital; Coroner of Balti- more ; Surgeon, Maryland Naval Militia ; Lieutenant Commander and Examining Officer, First Naval Battalion, M. N. G. 1614 Bol- ton Street, Baltimore. George, Enoch. 1891. M.D., University of Maryland, 1872 ; President of the School Board of Caroline County, Md. Of Denton, Md. Germon, Frank W. 1878. Bom at Baltimore, 1848; son of Green C. Germon, M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1870; Vac- cine Physician, 1873 and 1876 ; Coroner of Baltimore City, 1898. 322 North Greene Street, Baltimore. Getz, Charles. 1894. Born at Baltimore, December 12, 1855 ; son of Charles S. Geiz. Educated at St. Luke's Academy; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1879. 312 North Carey Street, Baltimore. Getzendanner, Joseph T. 1840. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jeffer- son, 1839. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. *Ghiselin, Reverdy. Founder. 1799. Born at Annapolis about 1765; of Huguenot descent. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1788; is said to have studied medicine at Paris during the French Revo- lution ; visitor to St. John's College, Annapolis, 1804; married Margaret Anne, daughter of Gov. Robert Bowie, December 25, 407 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1804; Member of the Executive Council of Maryland, 1809; in charge of Land Office ; Surgeon in the War of 1812. Died at his plantatioii, "Brookfield," near Nottingham, Prince George County, Md., 1823. Gibbons, Edward Englar. 1897. Born in Carroll County, Md., August 18, 1871 ; son oif next named. Graduated from Baltimore City College, 1891 ; student at Johns Hopkins University, 1891-92 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 189S ; Chief of Clinic, University of Maryland, and Demonstrator of Ophthalmology ; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Baltimore; Specialist in Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases. 1102 West Lafayette Avenue, Baltimore. *GiBB0NS, James Edward. 1876. Born in Montgomery County, Md., July 8, 1844. Educated at Dickinson College; attended lectures at the University of Maryland and Washington University, Balti- more; M.D., Washington University, 1868; practiced at New Windsor, Md., 1868-73; after that at Baltimore; Vaccine Physi- cian, 187s ; President of the Baltimore Medical Association. Died at Baltimore, December 2, 1901. *GiBB0NS, John. 1810. Born in Ireland, 1788. Emigrated to Lewis- town, Del. ; Principal of Lewistown Academy ; pupil of Dr. Wil- son; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809; settled at Seaford, Del., and practiced there till his death. Died at Seaford, 1838. See list of 1848. Gibbons, John L. Born in Virginia. M.D., Washington University, 1841 ; Delegate from Baltimore County to the American Medical Association, 1847; resided at Baltimore. See Trans., 1856. Gibbons^ William H. 1898. Bom in Prince George County, Md., October 10, 1862. Educated at Western Maryland College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1884; Health Officer, Prince George County, Md., 1897; Coroner, Prince George County. P. O., Croom. Gibes, Edmund Cantwell. 1887. Born at Middletown, Del., Septem- ber 17, 1856. Educated at Middletown Academy; Pharmacist for several years; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Assistant in Surgery, University of Maryland Dispensary; Medical Examiner for Shield of Honor 316 East North Avenue, Baltimore. 408 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *GiESON, Charles Bell. 1840. Born at Baltimore, 1816. M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1836; Physician to Philadelphia Hospital, 1838; Professor of Surgery, Washington University, Baltimore, 1842-48; Professor of Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Hampden Sydney College, Richmond, Va., 1848+ ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65. Died at Richmond, 1865. *GiBS0N, George S. 1824. Born at Richmond, Va., December 11, 1800. Educated in England and Holland; returned to America, 1818 or 1819; pupil of Dr. P. Macaulay; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823 ; succeeded Dr. Macaulay in practice ; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1836-38; Attending Physician, Maryland Hos- pital for the Insane; forty years in practice; retired, 1862-63. Died at Baltimore, January 30, 1872. *GiBSON^ John Mason. 1826. L.M. ; author of "Condensation of Matter upon the Anatomy, Surgical Operations and Treatment of Diseases of the Eye," etc., 4to, Baltimore, 1832. Of Baltimore. See list of *GiBS0N^ Joshua Gregg. 1849. Born at Romney, Va. (now W. Va). 1823. A.B., Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa. ; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1846; settled in practice at Charlestown, W. Va., and practiced there a few years, marrying Susan Waters, daughter of Dr. William Waters, of Frederick, Md. ; in 1849, part- ner of Dr. Waters ; after some years his health failing, he removed to the country and engaged in farming; a few years after, was a farmer and practitioner in Jefferson County, W. Va. ; moved to Shepherdstown, 1881 ; in drug business there, 1881-94. Died at Shepherdstown, 1894. See lists of 1853 and 1873. *GiBS0N, William. 181 i. Born at Baltimore (a twin), March 14, 1788. Educated at St. John's College, Annapolis, and Princeton College, 1803-04; pupil of Dr. John Owen, of Baltimore; attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, 1806-07; M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1809; pupil of Charles Bell, of London; began practice at Baltimore, 1810; Professor of Surgery, College of Medicine of Maryland, 1812-13 ; and of the University of Mary- land, 1813-19; Surgeon, Maryland Militia, 1814; Dean, University of Maryland, 1818; Consulting Surgeon, Maryland Hospital; Attending Surgeon, Baltimore Almshouse; Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 1819-55; Emeritus Professor, 1855-68; LL.D., Edinburgh. His most important work was his "Surgery" in 409 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 2 vols., which went through eight or nine editions (the first edition, 1824). He was the first to ligate the common iliac artery, 1812. He performed Caesarean section twice upon the same woman, saving both mother an,d children; he extracted the ball which General Scott had received at Lundy's Lane. Died at Savannah, Ga., March 2, 1868. GiCHNER, Joseph Enoch. 1892. Born in Austrian Silesia, August 16, 1864. Received a public and high school education; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1890; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland; Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine; Associate Editor, Maryland Medical Journal, 1892. 2102 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Gilchrist, Thomas Caspar. 1892. Born in England, 1862. M.R.C.S., England; L.M.S., London; first M.B., University of London; Clini- cal Professor of Dermatology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1896-97 ; Clinical Professor of Dermatology, Baltimore Medical Col- lege; Clinical Professor of Dermatology, University of Maryland; Assistant in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-98; Clinical Professor of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, 1898 — ; contributions in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports. 317 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Giles, Alfred Baker. 1890. Born at Baltimore, August 18, 1858. Educated at the Maryland Agricultural College ; pupil of Dr. F. Donaldson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Resident Physi- cian, Bayview Hospital, 1882-83 ; Visiting Physician, House of Correction, 1887-88; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1898. Address, Forest Park. *Gill, Edward, Jr. 1813. Born at "Nicholson's Manor," Baltimore County, Md., April 9, 1788; son of Edward Gill. Pupil of Dr. Little- john; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania; practiced in Baltimore County until 1835, when he retired and devoted him- self entirely to farming. Died December 6, 1867. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Gillett, Jacob. 1829. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Western New York; settled for practice at Churchville, Harford County, Md., March 26, 1829; was still there in 1840; moved West. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *GiLLiNGHAM, EzRA. 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1816; an incorporator of the Medical Society of Maryland, Baltimore, 1817; 410 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1818-19 (Q.) [I have not been able to confirm this] ; Member of the Board of Examiners, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1824. Died at Balti- more, 1825. See list of 1848. *GiLLiss, John P. R. 1829. Born in Maryland, 1806. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1829; Censor, 1831 and 1840-41; President of the Board of School Commissioners ; President of the Board of the State Normal School. Died at Whaleysville, Worcester County, Md., August 7, 1881. GiLLiss, Joseph A. 1874. Born near Barren Creek, Somerset (nov^r Wicomico) County, Md., December 31, 1840. Taught in the public schools ; Principal of Quantico public school ; M.D., Washington University of Baltimore, 1870; settled at Baltimore, 1870; Vaccine and Police Physician for over ten years ; Medical Examiner, Im- proved Order of Heptasophs. 437 West Biddle Street, Baltimore. *GiLMAN, JuDSON. 1853. Born at Meredith, Belknap County, N. H., December 22, 1818. Educated at Colby University, Me. ; A.M., Colby University, 1842 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1845 ; settled at Baltimore, 1845 ; President, Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore and of Baltimore Medical Association, 1877-78; Vaccine Physician, 1853-54; Assistant Commissioner of Health of Baltimore, 1851-53 and 1855-61; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-63; Acting Assistant Surgeon at Point Lookout, 1863-65; Treasurer, Medidal and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859-61 and 1870-83. Died at Baltimore, August i, 1883. *GiTTiNGS, David Sterret. 1838. Born in Maryland, August 17, I797- A.M., Dickinson College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1818; student in hospitals at London, Paris and Edinburgh ; returned to Baltimore County, 1820, and practiced there until his death. "A pop- ular and skillful physician and public-spirited citizen." Died at Upper Falls, Baltimore County, Md., March 12, 1887. See Treas- urer's book and list of 1848. ^Glasgow, James. 1801. First practiced at Baltimore ; moved to Harford County, Md., purchasing a farm on Deer Creek, May 28, 1814. Died at Priestford, Deer Creek, Harford County, August 19, 1823. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Cleaves, William. See list of 1848. 411 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Gleitsmann, Joseph William. 1875. Born at Bamberg, Bavaria, 1841. Studied at the Universities of Wiirzburg, Berlin, and Munich; graduated at Wiirzburg, 1865; Volunteer Surgeon in Wars of i860 and 1870; emigrated to America and practiced as specialist for several years at Baltimore ; Professor of Larynology and Rhinology, New York Polyclinic and Hospital ; Laryngologist to the German Hospital ; Laryngologist and Otologist to the Ger- man Dispensary; Vice-President, Laryngological Section, Twelfth International Congress ; President, German Medical Society of New York; President Laryngological Section, New York Acad- emy. 46 East Twenty-fifth Street, New York. *Glocker^ Theodore W. 1893. Born at Baltimore, June 11, 1841. Graduated from Baltimore City College, 1859; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861 ; in February, 1863, went to Richmond and was appointed Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A. ; stationed at Richmond, Danville and Staunton, and served in the Valley Campaigns of 1864-65; returned to Baltimore after the War, and continued prac- tice until his death. Died at Baltimore, November 15, 1894. Godfrey^ Isabella K. 1890. Born at Baltimore. M.D., Woman's Medical College, 1889; resides at Baltimore. *GoDMAN, John D. 1818 (?). Born at Annapolis, Md., December 20, 1794. On the American Fleet in the Chesapeake Bay, 1814; medical student of Dr. Luckey, of Pennsylvania, 1815; entered University of Maryland, 1815; pupil of Drsi Hall and Davidge; M.D. and Medalist, University of Maryland, 1818; Demonstrator of Anatomy and Lecturer on Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1817-18; had a School of Anatomy in Philadelphia • Professor in Cincinnati Med- ical College, 1822-23, and in Rutgers (New Jersey) Medical College, 1826-30; author of "Anatomical Investigations," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1824, "Contributions to Anatomy," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1825 ; "Amer- ican Natural History," 3 vols., 8vo, Philadelphia (two editions), 1826 and 1831 ; "Addresses," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1829, "Rambles of a Naturalist," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1833 ; "Treatise on Dislocations," by Sir A. Cooper, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1825 ; "Elements of Physiol- ogy," by A. Richerand, 8vo^ Philadelphia, 1823 ; Editor of Western Quarterly Reporter, Cincinnati, 1822-23 ; Editor of Journal of For- eign Medical Science and Literature, Philadelphia, 1824 ; Co-Editor, Philadelphia Journal of Medical and Physical Sciences, Philadel- phia, 1825-27; contributor to "Encyclopasaia Americana." Died at Philadelphia, April 17, 1830. 412 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Goldman, Gustav. 1899. Born at Baltimore, October 29, 1865. Edu- cated at Loyola College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895; Demonstrator of Obstetrics and Chief of Obstetrical Clinic, Balti- more Medical College, 1895-96. 2005 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore. *GoLDSBOROUGH, Brice Worthington. i88s. Born at Princess Anne, Somerset County Md., August 16, 1859. Educated at the Episco- pal High School, Alexandria, 1872-78; pupil of Prof. F. Donald- son and a student at the University of Maryland, 1878-79; M.D., University of Virginia, 1880; Post-graduate Course at the Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland, 1880-81 ; on the medical staff, Charity and British Hospitals, Montevideo, Uru- guay, 1881-83 ; returned to Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., 1883, and has practiced there since; Health Officer, Cambridge, 1885-86; a Founder and Chief of the Medical Staff of the United Charities Hospital, Cambridge, 1898 — ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, 1899 — ; Vice-President, Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty, 1901-02. *GoLDSBOROUGH, Charles Henry. 1824. Bom at "Richfields," Fred- erick County, Mid., February 14, 1800; son of William Goldsbor- ough. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823 ; began practice at Walkersville, Md., and continued until his death. Died at Walkers- ville, Frederick County, August, 1862. Goldsborough, Charles Leander. Censor, 1840. Of Hanover, Pa. See list of 1848. "^Goldsborough, Edward Yerbury. 1828. Born at Frederick, Md., December 5, 1797; son of William Goldsborough. Educated at Frederick Academy; student of Drs. Baltzell and Potter; M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Died near "Richfields," Frederick County, Md., November 14, 1850. *Goldsborough, Howes. Founder. 1799. Born in Dorchester County, November 20, 1771 ; son of John and Caroline Goldsborough. Lived in Dorchester County ; later, in Frederick County ; Censor, Balti- more ; Clerk of Dorchester Court ; married Mary McMullan, of Duck Creek, near Smyrna, Del. Died in Dorchester County, Octo- ber 20, 1804. *Goldsborough, Howes. 1813. Born on the Eastern Shore of Mary- land, about 1787. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1812; lived on the Eastern Shore, 1813; later, settled near Baltimore; Censor 413 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of Baltimore County, 1826 (American Medical Recorder) ; later, moved to Howard County, Md. Died in Howard County, Md., 1862. *GoLDSBOROUGH, Leander Worthington. 1829. Born at Frederick City, Md., May 21, 1804. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; Surgeon, U. S. A. Died at Philadelphia, June 28, 1891. Edward, Leander and Charles H. Goldsborough were brothers. *GoLDSBOROUGH, RoBERT. Founder. 1799. Born at "Four-Square," Talbot County, Md., December 4, 1772; son of John Goldsborough. President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1826-36. "An old- fashioned gentleman; very fine looking; precise and prim; dressed in the old style ; drove a chaise." He married Mrs. Henrietta Nicholson Bracco, widow of Dr. John Bracco, and left one son. Died at Centerville, Md., September 30, 1849. *GoLDSBOROUGH, RoBERT, Jr. Bom at Centerville, Md., 1795 ; son of Dr. Robert Goldsborough. M.D.; Censor; Registrar of Wills, Queen Anne's County, 1858. Died at Centerville, 1863. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Goldsmith, Robert H. 1874. Bom at Baltimore, 1832. A.B., St. Mary's College, Baltimore, 1850; A.M., St. Mary's College, 1852; pupil of Drs. Hintze and Morris ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852; Vaccine Physician and Coroner, 1853; moved to Mississippi; Physician to Baltimore City Almshouse (Bayview Asylum), 1868- 72; Visiting Physician, St. Mary's Industrial School, 1870 — ; Phy- sician to St. Vincent's Infant Asylum and Maternite ; President, Young Catholic Friends' Society and Catholic Benevolent Legion. His special study is in Medical Jurisprudence. 647 North Calhoun Street, Baltimore. GoMBELL, William. 1891. Born in the Grand Duchy of Hessen, Germany, May 31, 1854. Educated at the Gymnasium at Darm- stadt; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1877; Resident Physician, Maternite, 1877-78; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1878; Surgeon, Navassa Island; has practiced at Balti- more since 1880. 835 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. *GooDELL, William. Honorary. 1881. Born on Island of Malta, 1829. A.B., Williams College, Mass., 1852; M.D., Jefferson, 1854; prac- ticed at Constantinople, 1854-61 ; at West Chester, Pa., 1861-65 ; moved to Philadelphia, 1865 ; Physician in Charge of Preston Re- 414 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY treat, 1865-94 ; Lecturer on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1870-74; Clinical Professor of Diseases of Women, University of Pennsylvania, 1874-94; Honorary Professor of Gynaecology, University of Pennsylvania ; Orator, 1881 ; author of "Lessons in Gynsecology," 8vo. Died at Philadelphia, October 27, 1894. Goodman, Hector H. 1890. Born at Annapolis, Md., March 7, i849- M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; Medical Director, Baltimore Mutual Aid Society, 1883—; Police Surgeon, Baltimore, 1897. 1404 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *GooDWiN, Lyde. Founder. 1799. Born, 1725. His name first appears in the records of Baltimore in 1747; Judge of the Orphans' Court, Baltimore, 1783 and 1788; Surgeon to Baltimore Light Dragoons (Col. N. R. Mo'ore), Yorktown, 1781; Surgeon to Baltimore Troop, 1783; assigned the chair of Surgery in the medical school projected in 1790. Died at Baltimore, 1801. *GoRDON, John N. 1877. Born in Virginia. Educated at Newark, Del.; M.D., Jefferson, 1852. Died at Harrisonburg, Va., July 27, 1882. ^Gordon, Joseph Nicholson. 1801 (?). Born in Kent County, Md., October 9, 1775 ; son of Charles Gordon, of Scotland. M.D. (col- lege unknown) ; Surgeon to the forces under General Read in the War of 1812; took part in the Battle of Caulk's Field; Sheriff of Kent County for several years ; Clerk of the Circuit Court of Kent County, 1827-48. Died at Chestertown, Md., April 28, 1849. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Gordon, L. Charles. 1878. Born at Baltimore, 185 1 ; son of L. S. Gordon. M.A. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1877. Died at Baltimore, October 30, 1880. Gorsuch, James F. H. 1899. Born near Black Horse, Harford County, Md. Pupil of Dr. J. J. Chisolm; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; President, Harford County Medical Society; a Founder of Baltimore County Medical Society; resides at Fork, Baltimore County, Md. Gorter, Nathan Ryno. 1890. Born in Baltimore County, Md., April 25, i860. Educated at Anne Arundel County Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879 ; Professor of Surgery, Baltimore 27 415 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Polyclinic, 1884; Examining Physician, Travelers' Insurance Com- pany, of Hartford, 1893 — ; Medical Examiner, Provident Savings Life Assurance Society of New York, 1895 — ; Surgeon to the United Charitiesi Hospital, Cambridge, Md., 1898 — . i West Biddle Street, Baltimore. Gosw^EiLER, Augustus Van Hoff. 1892. Born at Shiremanstown, Cumberland County, Pa., August 3, 1849. A.B., 1871, and A.M., 1874, Otterbein University, Ohio; M.D., Jefferson Medical Col- lege, 1877; Physician to German Society ol Maryland, 1884-94; Physician in charge of the Eastern Dispensary, 1885+. 1300 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Graham, George Rose. 1889. Born at Baltimore, June 28, 1844. Educated at the public schools ; in U. S. A., 1861-65, becoming Captain of Infantry; in mercantile pursuits, 1865-1880; traveled in Europe; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Woman's Medical College, 1884-90; on the Board of United States Pension Examining Surgeons, Baltimore, 1889 — . 725 Columbia Avenue, BaltimoTe. ^Graves, John James. 1831-32. Born at New York, 1800. M.D., University of the City of New York, 1827; Co- Editor, NeW' York Medical Journal, 1829-31 ; practiced at New York City for three years; moved to Baltimore; Member of Maryland Legislature, 1839-42; retired from practice, 1848; a Founder and President of the House of Refuge. Died at Baltimore, January 19, 1890. *Gray, James. Founder. 1799. Born in Calvert County, Md., 1746 (Q.). On Committee of Observation of Calvert County, 1775. Died in Calvert County, Md., 1812. *Gray, James. i8io(?). Born in Calvert County, Md., about 1788; son of James Gray, Founder. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810. Died in Calvert County, 1810 (?) (Q.). *Gray, John. Born in Calvert County, Md., 1785 ; son of James Gray, Founder. Died in Calvert County, 1823 (?) (Q.). In list of 1848 marked dead. Green, C. H. 1833. See list of 1848. *Green, Cuthbert Sewell. 1825. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1824. Of Cecil County, Md. See list of 1848. 416 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Green, William. i88i. Born in Culpepper County, Va., 1837. Edu- cated at the University of Virginia; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1858; House Surgeon, Brooklyn City Hospital, 1858-59; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-62; Surgeon, 1862; Chief Sur- geon, Corps of Artillery, and on the Staff of Col. Hillary P. Jones; was captured at Appomattox Court House, 1865 ; settled at Balti- more, 1871 ; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Washington University. 1124 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Greenley, Thomas Wilkinson. 1893. Born at Hillsboro, Caroline County, Md., November 6, 1865. Educated at Swarthmore Col- lege, Pa. ; Pharmacist at Easton for several years ; pupil of Dr. J. M. Wilkinson, Dover, Del. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888 ; practiced at Trappe, Talbot County, Md., 1888-95 ; later, practiced at Baltimore. Last entry in Polk's Directory is 1896. GREENVk^ELL, Francis Floyd. 189S. Bom at Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md., February 20, 1868. A.B., St. Mary's College, Em- mitsburg, 1889; A.M., St. Mary's College, 1891 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; practices at Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md. Greetham, John W. 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1833. Of Baltimore; later, removed elsewhere. See list of 1848. *Greetham, Miles L. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Mis- souri. In list of 1848 marked dead. Gregory, Samuel J. 1823. Born in Washington County, Md., March 18, 1793, and died there October 20, 1835. See lists of 1848 and 1853, and Scharf's "Western Maryland." Grempler, Edward. 1892. Born at Baltimore, September 17, 1865. Educated at Baltimore City College ; in drug business for nine years; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1889; Coroner, Baltimore, 1896. 517 Scott Street, Baltimore. Grier, William. About 1872. Born in Ireland. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1838; Surgeon, 1852; Fleet Surgeon, 1853-56; Medical Director, 1871; President of the Medical Examining Board, U. S. N., for several years ; Surgeon-General, U. S. N., 1877-78. See Trans., 1873. Grieves, Horatio G. 1828. M.D. Of Ellicott's Mills, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853, Trans., 1858, and Treasurer's MS. book. 417 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Griffing, Calvin C. 1813. See list of 1848. *Griffith, Alexander L. 1813. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1813 ; Censor ; lived at Bush River Neck, Harford County, Md., 1814-16. Died before 1823. In list of 1848 marked dead. Griffith, Lewis Allen. 1887. Born at North Chesapeake Beach, Cal- vert County, Md., October 19, 1854; son of Franklin L. Griffith. Removed in childhood to Friendship, Anne Arundel County ; edu- cated at St. John's College and Maryland Agricultural College; A.B., Maryland Agricultural College, 1874; A.M., 1877; taught school ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1879 ; Post-graduate Course, Johns Hopkins University ; located at Upper Marlboro, Prince George County, 1879, 3-rid has prac- ticed there ever since; Physician to Jail and Almshouse; Health Ofificer of Prince George County, 1897 — ; Judge of Orphans' Court, 1887-91 ; President, Board of Supervisors of Election for four years. P. O., Upper Marlboro, Md. *Griffith, Lewis. 1822. Born near Havre de Grace, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1818; after graduating, settled near Cockeysville, Baltimore County; some years later, removed to Western Run Valley; also engaged in farming. Died November, 1854. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Griffith^ Robert Egglesfield. Born at Philadelphia, February 13, 1798. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1820; Physician to Phila- delphia Board of Health, 1834-36; Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacology, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Hygiene and Medical Jurispru- dence, University of Maryland, 1836-37; Professor of Practice, Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence, University of Virginia, 1837- 39; resigned on account of ill health; author of "Medical Botany," 8vo, 1847; "Universal Formulary," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1847 (second edition, 1850) ; also edited works of Taylor, Christison, Garrod and others. Died at Philadelphia, June 26, 1850. *Griffith, Samuel. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (There was a Griffith, Samuel M., Surgeon, U. S. A., July 24, 1800, Fort Johnston, N. C. — Hammersley.) Griffith, Timothy. 1893. Born at Steuben, Oneida County, N. Y., August I, 1861. M.D., University of New York, 1888; Vice-Presi- 418 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ■dent Allegany County Medical Association; Member of the Board of Health of Frostburg, Md. *Griffith, William Brewer. i88i. Born at West River, Anne Arundel County, Md., January 23, 1843. Graduated in Law from Princeton, 1865; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; began prac- tice at Baltimore, but had to abandon it on account of ill health ; went to Texas, and later to Dakota. Died in Dakota, of con- sumption, November 2, 1885. Grimes, John H. 1868. Born in Carroll County, Md., September 24, 1842. Educated at Calvert College, Md. ; in First Regiment of Cavalry, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; pupil oi Dr. John F. Buffingto-n ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; Vaccine Physician, 1873. 2100 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore. Grimes^ William Henry. 1828. Born in Maryland, 1807 ; son of James Grimes. Educated at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; practiced for some years and then devoted himself to farming; Member of Legislature, 1874. Died at '"Marshton," near Bakersville, Washington County, Md., May 19, 1892. See lists of 1848, 1853, 1873 and 1875. *Groome, John. Founder. 1799. Born in Kent County, Md., May 2, 1769; son of Charles Groome. Pupil of Dr. Edward Worrell, of Chestertown, also of Dr. George Wallace, of Elkton; married the widow of Dr. George Wallace, August 31, 1799; practiced at Elkton, Md., and died there May 18, 1830. He was a friend of Washington, and the grandfather of Gov. James Black Groome, of Maryland. Gross, Harry. 1897. Born at Baltimore, January 13, 1871. Edu- cated at Friends' High School; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1896; Assistant Demonstrator of Anat- omy, University of Maryland, 1896- 1900; Assistant of Surgical Clinic, University of Maryland, 1899-1900; Professor of Clinical and Operative Surgery, Maryland Medical College. 1340 South Charles Street, Baltimore. Grove, Benjamin Frank, Jr. 1877. Born at Philadelphia, March 8, 1852. M.D., University of Maryland, 1877; specialist in Rhinology, and engaged in literary work in the Philology of modern Euro- pean languages. 1302 North Caroline Street, Baltimore. 419 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Grover, John S. 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Em- mitsbuig, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *GuNBY, George T. 1810. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1810 (?). Of Worcester, Kent County, Md. See list of 1848. *GuNBY, John. 1831-32. Born near Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md. ; son of Col. John Gunby, of the Colonial Army. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1830. (Dr. J. B. R. Purnell says he lived mostly in Ohio.) Died near Snow Hill, Md. See list of 1848. GuNDRY, Alfred Thomas. 1898. Born at Dayton, O., 1870. Removed to Baltimore in 1878; educated at the University School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1894; Resident Physician, Maryland Lying- in Hospital, 1894-95 ; Resident Physician, Nursery and Child's Hospital for six months ; Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane, Clarinda, la., 1895-98; Visiting Physician, Gundry Sanita- rium, 1898 — . 917 Frederick Avenue, extended, Baltimore. Gundry, Lewis H. 1896. Born at Dayton, O., 1868; son of Richard Gundry. Educated at Marston's School, Baltimore, and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1890-91; First Assistant Physician, Eastern Indiana Insane Asylum at Richmond, 1891-94; has been practicing since that at Baltimore; Visiting Physician to Gundry Sanitarium ; Professor of Nervous and Men- tal Diseases, Maryland Medical College. Augusta Avenue, corner Frederick Avenue, extended, Baltimore. *Gundry, Richard. 1878. Born at Hampstead, near London, Eng- land, October 14, 1830. Came to Canada, 1845; M.D. and first prize. Harvard, 185 1 ; after traveling in Europe, located at Colum- bus, O., 1853; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Starling Med'cal Col- lege; Assistant Physician, Columbus Hospital for the Insane, and Professor of Materia Medica, Starling Medical College, 1855 ; Editor of the Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal, 1855-57; Assist- ant Physician, Southern Ohio Insane Asylum, Dayton, 1857; Med- ical Superintendent, Southern Ohio Insane Asylum, 1861-72; Vice- President, Ohio Medical Society, 1858-60 and 1864; Medical Superintendent of the Asylum at Athens, O., 1872-77; Medical Superintendent of the Asylum at Columbus, O., 1877-78; Super- intendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane (Spring Grove), 420 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1878-91 ; Lecturer on Mental Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1880-81 ; Professor of Mental Diseases and Materia Medica, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1881-91 ; President, Harvard Association; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1886-87; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1888; a leading Specialist in Insanity. Died at Spring Grove Asylum, near Baltimore, April 23, 1891. Gi/NDRY, Richard F. 1893. Born at Dayton, O., April 21, 1866. Pupil of his father. Dr. Richard Gundry; M.D., College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1888; Assistant Physician, Day- ton Insane Asylum, 1888-89; Assistant Physician, Athens (O.) Insane Asylum, 1889-91 ; Superintendent, Richard Gundry Home, Catonsville, 1891 — . *GwiNN, John. 1815 (?). A.B., St. John's, 1811 (Q.) ; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1815; Censor, 1819 and 1822. Of Chaptico, St. Mary's County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. GwiNN, William B. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of Littlestown, Pa. See list of 1848. GwYN, Norman B. 1897. M.B., University of Toronto, 1896; Assist- ant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Demon- strator of Clinical Microscopy, 1896-1900; removed to Philadel- phia; Instructor in Medicine, Uftiversity of Pennsylvania. 1927 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. *GwYNN, Henry B. 1889. Born 1855. M.D., Baltimore University, 1887; Principal, No. i Grammar School, Baltimore. Died at Bal- timore, October 11, 1900. Hackett, John C. 1899. Born July 13, 1857. Educated at Millington Academy ; M.D., Jefferson, 1883 ; practices at Millington, Md. Hadel, Albert Kimberly. 1892. Born at Baltimore, July 4, 1856. Graduated from Calvert Hall, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Secretary, Maryland Society of the War of 1812, 1890; Registrar, Maryland Society of the War of 1812, 1891 ; Registrar-General, National Society of the War of 1812, 1894; Historian, Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revo- lution, 1894; Secretary of the Board of Health, Baltimore, 1898. 209 West Madison Street, Baltimore. 421 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Hadel., John Frederick Charles. Born at Hamburg, Germany; came to America, 1845. Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1852; assassinated at Cumberland, Md., October 14, 1855. Hall, Alfred D. 1836. Licensed as Dental Surgeon. Of Gloucester County, Va. See list of 1848. Hall, Daniel D. 1835. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Gloucester County, Va. See list of 1848. *Hall, Henry. 1801 (?). Son of Elihu and Catherine Orrick Hall, of Cecil County. Married Hester Maclay, daughter of Hon. Wil- liam Maclay, United States Senator from Pennsylvania. Of Head of Chester, Kent County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (According to Quinan, a "Henry F. Hall" was Surgeon's Mate, 1813, and Surgeon, Forty-second Infantry, 1814- IS.) ♦Hall, Jacob. Born 1747. Surgeon, Third New Hampshire Regi- ment in the Revolution ; present at the Battles of Germantown and Monmouth, and was with Sullivan against the Indians, 1779; President, Cokesbury (M. E.) College, Md. Died in Harford County, Md., May 7, 1812. (Was this the "Hall, Jac. Britannus, 'De Electricitate,' Edin., 1771?" Probably. The above Dr. Jacob Hall read a paper before the College of Physicians of Philadel- phia, 1791, on "Cases of Jaundice Cured by Electricity.") Hall, John E. 1857. M.D., University of Maryland, 1856. Of Church Hill, Queen Anne's County, Md. See Trans., 1857, 1858 and 1873. *Hall, Joseph. Founder. 1799. Commissioned Surgeon to Colonel Griffith's Battalion of Flying Camp, September 6, 1776; Surgeon to Colonel Murdock's Battalion, 1777 (Q.). Of Montgomery County, Md. V *Hall, Josias Carvil. Born in Harford County, Md., July 7, 1746; son of Col. John Hall. M.B., College of Medicine of Philadel- phia, 1769; Signer of the Harford County Declaration of Inde- pendence, 1775; Colonel commanding the Second Battalion of Maryland Flying Camp, 1776; Colonel commanding Fourth Battalion of Regulars of the organization of March 27, 1777; Supernumerary Colonel, Maryland Line, January i, 1781 ; served A22 ASHTON ALEXANDER 1772-1855. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at the Battle of Germantown; Delegate to Congress, 1785; Mem- ber of Governor's Council, 1786; Lieutenant-Colonel, Ninth U. S. Infantry, 1799-1800; Member of the Maryland Society of Cincin- nati. Died in Maryland, 1814. Hall, Reverdy M. 1884. Born at Baltimore, September 4, 1846. Educated at Bridgewater, Mass.; M.D., Howard University, 1872; Attending Physician, Provident Hospital, Baltimore; Attending Physician, Industrial Home for Colored Girls, Melvale, Md., 1885- 99. 1019 Druid Hill Avenue, Baltimore. *Hall, Richard Wilmot. Born in Harford County, Md., 1785. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1806; came to Baltimore, 181 1; Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics, College of Medicine of Maryland, 1812-13; Professor of Obstetrics, University of Maryland, 1813-47; part of this time also Professor of Hygiene; Dean, University of Maryland, 1819 and 1837-38; Surgeon, Fifty-first Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1814; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1815; author of "Memoirs of Military Surgery" (Translated fro.tn Larrey), 2 vols., 8vo, Baltimore, 1814. Died at Baltimore, September 14, 1847. (William Wilmot Hall, of Mary- land, vv^as Surgeon to the Rifle Regiment, U. S. A., March 24, 1812 — Hammersley.) Hall, Thomas B. 1898. Born near St. Denis, Md., February 3, 1853. Educated at Brookville (Md.) Academy; M.D., Washington Uni- versity, Baltimore, 1873; practices at Mount Winans, Md. *Hall, Thomas Parry. Born in Maryland. Appointed from Mary- land, Major and Surgeon, Thirty-sixth Infantry, U. S. A., July 10, 1813; disbanded, June 5, 1815; M.D., University of Maryland, 1816; an incorpor^ator of the Medical Society of Maryland, Balti- more, 1817; Corresponding Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1819; appointed Post Surgeon, U. S. A., December 12, 1820; Assistant Surgeon, June i, 1821, and held this ofifice until his death. Died September 21, 1825. See list of 1848. Hall, William Fletcher. 1891. Born in Somerset County, Md., January 25, 1857. M.D., University of Maryland, 1885 ; resides at Crisfield, Md. Hall-Chapman, Alice T. 1890. Born at New York City; daughter of John Mortimer Hall. A.B., Wellesley College, Mass., 1881 ; 423 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY M.D., Woman's Medical College. Philadelphia, 1886; Interne, New England Hospital, Boston, 1886-87; studied two years abroad, at Vienna, Stockholm, Berlin and Paris ; Certificate in Obstetrics, University of Vienna, 1888; settled at Baltimore; Instructor in the Woman's College, Baltimore; Professor of Physiology and Hy- giene, Woman's College, 1889-92; Attending Physician, Home for Mothers and Infants, 1890-92 ; in charge of Dispensary for Work- ing Women and Girls, South Baltimore, 1891-92; married and moved West, 1892 ; resided at Eugene, Oregon ; now resides at Woodland, Washington. Halstead, William S. 1892. Born at New York City, 1852. A.B., Yale University, 1874; M.D., Columbia College, New York, 1877; F.R.C.S., London (Honorary), 1900; Surgeon Interne, Belle- vue Hospital, 1876-78; House Physician, New York Hospital, 1878; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Columbia College, 1881-84; Attending Surgeon, Bellevue, Presbyterian and Roosevelt Hospitals ; Surgeon- . in-Chief, Emigrants' Hospital, Ward's Island, New York; Attend- ing Physiciani, Charity Hospital, Blackwell Island, New York; Professor of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1893 — ; Chief of Hospital Dispensary, 1889-95 1 Surgeon-in-Chief, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889 — ; special work in Hernia and Cancer; performed the first successful ligation of the first portion of the left subclavian artery. 1201 Eutaw Place, Baltimore. Hamel, p. 1846. M.D. See list of 1848. (There was a Hamel, Ernest, M.D., University of Berlin, 1834, in Baltimore, 1886— Polk.) Hamill, Robert F. 1837. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jefferson, 1836; said to have resided at Leitersburg, Washington County, Md. See list of 1848. *Hamilton, Charles. 1831-32. Of Prince George County, Md. Died in 1871 (Q.). See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *PIamilton, James. Born at Paisley, Scotland; son of William Ham- ilton. Emigrated to Baltimore at the age of nine; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1838; practiced at Baltimore for some years; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1845. Died at sea, 1854, and was buried on the Coast of Japan. ♦Hamilton, James. 1874. Born in Newcastle County, Del., March, 1826. M.D., Jefferson, 1848; began practice in Kent County, Md., but moved to Baltimore in 1871. Died in Delaware, October 29, 1874- 424 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Hamilton^ Thomas. i8oi (?). Born in 1764. Surgeon, Twenty- seventh Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1814; resided at Baltimore. Died 1824 (Q.). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (A Dr. Hamilton was Deputy Health Officer of Baltimore, January, 1822 — Atnerican Medical Recorder, April, 1822.) ^Hamilton, William Augustus. . 1875. Born at Baltimore, April 15, 1848. Pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1869; studied in hospitals of Berlin and Paris for two years; practiced at Camden, N. J., for five years ; settled at Baltimore, 1886. Died at Baltimore, May 10, 1888. Hammett, S. B. 1891. (This was probably intended for Charles Maddox Hammett, who was educated in Maryland and practiced there for a time; M.D., Georgetown University, 1854; Health Officer of Washington, D. C, 1891-94; died at Washington, Novem- ber 22, 1898, aged 63. His son. Dr. C. M. Ham.mett, of Washington, D. C, writes that there was never any other Hammett in Maryland.) Hammond, John T. 1898. Born near Berlin, Worcester County, Md., April 24, 1831. Educated at Princeton College; M.D., Jef- ferson Medical College, 1852 ; in constant practice since ; resides at Berlin, Md. *Hammond, Thomas Lloyd. 1800. Born August 11, 1779. A.B., St. John's, 1796 (Q.) ; said to have graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 1799 (name not in Catalogue) ; Censor, Anne Arundel County, Md., 1840 (Maryland Medical and Surgical Jour- nal, vol. i). Died May 12, 1838. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. ♦Hammond, Matthias. 1808. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. See Medical and Physical Recorder and list of 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Hammond, Nicholas. 1824. Born at Easton, Md., 1795. Married Annie Caroline Goldsborough, 1823; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1823. "A man of ability. No man om the Eastern Shore so universally esteemed. Had an immense funeral." Died at Easton, Md., 1831. *PIammond, Thomas. 1823. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. See Treasurer's Book and MS. Archives. *Hammond, William. 1811. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, x8ii. 425 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Hammond, William. 1825. Born at Hagerstown, Md. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1821 ; appointed from Maryland, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., June i, 1834; Major and Surgeon, U. S. A., August 7, 1847. Died February 13, 185 1. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Hammond, William Alexander. Born at Annapolis, August 28, 1828; son of Dr. J. W. Hammond. M.D., University of New York, 1848 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1849-59 ^rid 1861 ; Professor of Anat- omy and Physiology, University of Maryland, 1860-61 ; Surgeon- General, U. S. A., 1862-64 ; Founder of the Army Medical Museum and Library, and suggested "Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion;" dismissed, 1864; Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and the University of New York, successively, 1864-82; Lecturer at the University of Vermont; re- stored to the service as Surgeon-General (retired), U. S. A., 1879; Founder of the Post-graduate School, New York, 1882 ; resigned, 1888; Superintendent, Private Sanitarium for Nervous Diseases, Washington, D. C, 1888; President, American Neurological Asso- ciation; editor of several journals; author of numerous works on Nervous and other diseases, also of works of fiction. Died at Wash- ington, D. C, January 6, 1900. Hand, Emanuel, K. J. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Elkridge Landing, Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Handy, Jesse T. 1833. Born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. M.D., Washington College, Baltimore, 1833. Died at Baltimore. *Handy, Littleton Dennis. 1835. Bom at Snow Hill, Md., 1808. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; began practice in Louisiana; returned to Maryland and practiced first at Snow Hill ; later, resided in Somerset County, Md. ; Judge of the Orphans' Court of Somerset County. Died near Princess Anne, 1856. *Handy, Samuel Kerr. 1821. Born in Somerset County, Md., Oc- tober 23, 1800. Took one course at the University of Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; Censor, 1840; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1858-59; a prominent phy- sician at Princess Anne, Somerset County. Died suddenly of apoplexy, at Baltimore, November 15, 1859 (Trans., American Medical Association, i860). 426 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Handy, Thomas H. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Of Wilmington, Del., up to 1848; of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., 1853. See list of 1848. ', *Handy, Washington R. 1839. Born in Somerset County, Md., 181 1. Pupil of Drs. W. W. Handy (his father), Hall and Davidge; M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1834; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery ; Dean, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1842-53 ; author of "A Text-book of Anatomy and Guide to Dissection," Philadel- phia (two editions), 1854 and 1856. Died at Baltimore, 1857. *Handy, William W. 1817 (Q.). Born in Somerset County, Md., 1785. Educated at Washington College, Chestertown, Md. ; Medi- cal Pupil of Profs. Davidge and Rush ; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1817-34; M.D. (Honorary"), Uni- versity of Maryland, 1819; Founder of Washington Medical Col- lege, Baltimore, 1827; Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Washington Medical College, 1827-42 ; Vice- President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1832-33 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1851-52. Died in 1865. *Hanford, Apollo B. 1820. The Treasurer's receipt for license has "Apollos." See list of 1848. *Hank, John William Fletcher. 1853. Born in Ohio, 1826. A.M., Dickinson, 1846; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1850; resided at Liberty, Md., 1850; Physician to Maryland Penitentiary for several years; Vaccine Physician, 1856-62. Died at Baltimore, November 3, 1881. *Hannenkampf, Arnold. 1809. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1808. In list of 1848 marked dead. Hanson, Grafton D. Born in the District of Columbia ; resided at Bladensburg, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. (Appointed from the District of Columbia, Second Lieutenant, Eighth Infantry, U. S. A., December 10, 1839; First Lieutenant, December 31, 1845; resigned, August 4, 1849 — Hammersley. Is this the above?) ♦Hanson, Walter. 1814. Of Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md. (A "Dr. Walter Hanson" was also licensed, 1814.) See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. 427 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hardcastle, Aaron M. 1831. Of Carroll County, Md. M.D. (Archives.) Hardcastle, Edward M. 1845. Born at "Castle Hall," Caroline County, Md., 1819. M.D., Jefferson College, 1844; resided at Trappe, Tal- bot County, Md. ; now resides at Easton, Md. See MS. Archives. i Hardcastle, Edward M., Jr. Born at Trappe, Talbot County, Md., December 10, 1867. B.A., St. John's, 1886; M.A., St. John's; Assistant Teacher, Easton High School, 1887; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; took Post-graduate Courses at Philadelphia; settled at Abingdon, Va., 1891 ; settled 'at Easton, 1893; Assistant, later Principal, Easton High and Manual Training School; President, Talbot County School Board; Deacon, P. E. Church; Assistant Rector, Grace P. E. Church, New York. Hardcastle, Hughlett. 1896. Born at Easton, Md., November 21, 1865. M.E., Lehigh University, 1888; M.D., University of Mary- land, 189s ; Assistant Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1895-97; studied at Vienna and Berlin, 1897-98; Demonstrator of Diseases of Throat and Nose, University of Maryland, 1899- 1901 ; Lecturer of same, 1901 — ; Specialist in Nose and Throat Diseases. 513 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Hardcastle, Jerome Humphrey. 1895. Born at Dayton, O., March 27, 1840. Attended medical lectures at the University of Virginia; M.D., Richmond Medical College, 1865 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, P. A. C. S. ; President of Cecil County Medical Society; resides at Middletown, Del. Harding, Josiah. 1839. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jefferson, 1839. Of Wheaton, Montgiomery County, Md. Last entry in Polk, 1893. See list of 1848. *Harlan, David. 1831. Born in Harford County, Md., November 30, 1809. Educated at Rock Run Academy; pupil of Dr. John Archer, 1829; M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1831 ; practiced at Chestertown, Md., 1832-35 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1835 ; Surgeon, 1841 ; Fleet Surgeon, 1865 ; Medical Director, 1871 ; retired, 1871 ; Visitor, U. S. Naval Academy, Annap- olis. Died at Qiurchville, Harford County, July 12, 1893. See list of 1848. Harlan, Herbert. 1881. Born in Harford County, Md., May 7, 1856; son of Dr. David Harlan. A.B., St. John's College, 1877; 428 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A.M., St. John's College, 1885; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; Assistant Demonstrator, 1880-85, and Demonstrator of Anat- omy, University of Maryland, 1886-90; Professor of Diseases of Eye and Ear, Baltimore University, 1890-93 ; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1896- 1902; Assistant Surgeon, 1880, and Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1890 — ; Chairman of Medical Execu- tive Committee, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital. 516 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *Harper, James Kent. 181 i. Brother of Samuel and William F. Harper. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810; Censor, 1840; Physician to Queen Anne's County Almshouse, 1813-56; practiced at Centerville, Md., and died there, 1856. *Harper, John. 1819. Born in Ireland. M.D., University of Glas- gow. Died at Baltimore, January, 1831. He was an Oculist. See Maryland Medical Recorder, vol. ii, p. 179. 1 *Harper, Robert W. 1801 (?). M.D., University of Maryland, 1815. Of Piscataway, Md. See list of 1848. Harper, Samuel. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; dropped in 1859 for alleged union with the homoeopathists. Of Kent Island, Md., 1848; of Easton, 1853. See list of 1848. *Harper, William F. 1818. Pupil of Dr. Harper, of Centerville, Queen Anne's County, Md. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1817; settled in practice near St. Paul's Church, Kent County, Md. Died about 1835. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Harris, Chapin a. 1833. Born at Pompey, Onondaga County, N. Y., 1806. A.M.; settled in Ohio; later, at Baltimore; pupil of Dr. H. H. Hayden; Founder of Baltimore College of Dental Sur- gery, 1839 (the first in the world) ; M.D. ; licensed as Dental Sur- geon ; partner of J. H. Harris ; Professor of Practice of Dentistry, Baltimore College of Dentistry, 1839-42; a Founder of the American Society of Dental Surgeons, and President, 1844; author of first dental text-book, "Harris' Principles and Practice of Dentistry," the first dental dictionary, and Editor of the first dental journal. The American Journal of Dental Science, 1839-60; also Editor of The Guardian of Health, 1841. Died at Baltimore, i860. (See Hay- den, Horace H.) 429 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Harris, James H. 1833. Partner of C. A. Harris; M.D., licensed as Dental Surgeon. Of Baltimore. Marked dead by Fonerden, 1837. In list of 1848 marked dead. Harris, John Clements. 1870 (?). Born near Dover, Del., October II, 1836; brought up in Kent County, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1862; Vaccine and Police Physician, Baltimore, 1869-72. TJZ West Lexington Street, Baltimore. Harrison, Archibald Cunningham. 1899. Born in Amelia County, Va., January 6, 1864. Educated at Hanover Academy; attended lectures at the University of Virginia and the University of Mary- land; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1887-89; practiced at Myersdale, Pa., 1889-97; settled at Baltimore, 1897 ; Instructor in Physical Diagnosis, Woman's Medical College, 1897-98; Professor of Physical Diag- nosis and Clinical Medicine, Woman's Medical College, 1898-1900; Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1900 — ; President, Somerset (Pa.) County Medical Association; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ; Visiting Surgeon to City and Bayviev^^ Hospitals. 3 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *Harrison, Elisha. Founder. 1799. Born in Cecil County (?), Md., 1762. Surgeon's Mate in the Maryland Line in the Revolution for one and a half years, until the dissolution of the Army ; Member of the Society of Cincinnati of Maryland; a Founder of the Medi- cal Society of the District of Columbia, 1819. Died at Washington, D. C, August 24, 1819. *Harrison^ William Gilpin, Jr. 1876. Born in Hovi^ard County, Md., 1842. Graduate from St. James College, Md., 1861 ; M.D., Belle- vue Hospital Medical College, 1864; Lecturer on Normal and Mor- bid Histology, Summer School, University of Maryland, and Attending Physician, Special Dispensary, 1866; Medical Examiner New York Mutual Life Insurance Company. Died at Baltimore, August 30, 1895. I Harryman, Harry Gaunt. 1891. Born at Baltinijore, January 9, 1865. Graduated from the City College, 1881 ; pupil of Dr. Wilmer Brinton; M.D. and Medalist, Baltimore Medical College, 1888; Assistant, Nose, Throat and Chest, Baltimore Medical College, 1888-91 ; Surgeon, Ancient Order of Foresters. 1512 East Preston Street, Baltimore. 430 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Hart, John Beauregard. 1893. Born at Baltimore, June 20, 1862; son of Thomas A. Hart. Educated at Pen Lucy School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883; Resident Physician, Bayview Hos- pital; Health Officer, Waverly; Member of City Council, 1889-91; Visiting Physician, City Jail, 1891-93 and 1894-95. Died at Shep- pard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, near Towson, Md., June 29, 1901. *Hartman, Andrew. 1853. Born at Greencastle, Franklin County, Pa., May 4, 1818. Educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1839; settled at North Bloomfield, O. ; removed to Baltimore, 1845; President, Bahi- more Medical Association, 1868; Vice-President, Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1872-73; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1863-65; Examining Physician, Third Congressional Dis- trict of Maryland in the Draft of 1862. Died at Baltimore, Decem- ber 15, 1884. Hartman, George Andrew. 1873. Born at Baltimore, February 17, 1851. Graduated from the City College, 1868; studied at the Col- lege of Pharmacy, 1868-70; medical pupil of his father (Dr. An- drew Hartman) ; M.D., Washington University, Balt'.more, 1872 ; Vaccine Physician, 1872-73; Lecturer on Obstetrics, Baltimore University, 1885-88. 1121 North Caroline Street, Baltimore. Hartman, Jacob Henry. 1877. Born at Baltimore, November 15, 1847. Educated at Princeton College; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; studied at Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London, 1869-72; Lecturer on Diseases of the Throat and Chest, Washington University, 1874-77; Attending Surgeon, Baltimore Throat Dispensary for about five years (1875-82) ; a Founder and Attending Surgeon, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1882 — ; Consulting Surgeon, Hospital for Con- sumptives; Vice-President, American Laryngological Association, 1883-84 and 1890-91 ; Specialist in Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Chest. 5 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Hartwell, Edward Mussey. 1890. Born at Exeter, N. H., May 29, 1850. A.B., Amherst College, 1873; A.M., Amherst, 1876; Vice- Principal, High School, Orange, N. J., 1873-74; Instructor in Public Latin School, Boston, 1874-77; Fellow in Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 1879-80; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1881; M.D., Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, 1882; Instructor and Associate, Johns Hopkins University, 1883-91 ; Director of 28 431 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Physical Training in Boston Public Schools ; Chief of Bureau of Statistics, Boston. 5 Brimmer Street, Boston, Mass. Hartwig, Charles W. 1898. Born at Baltimore, December 18, 1866. D.D.S., University of Maryland, 1886; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1889; Resident Physician, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, and later. Assistant Surgeon of same to 1899; Resident Physician, Demonstrator and Prosector of Anatomy, Uni- versity of Maryland ; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital ; Physi- cian, Health and Police Departments of Baltimore; Demonstrator of Operative and Prosthetic Dentistry and Demonstrator of Anaes- thetics, University of Maryland; Professor in the Post-graduate School of the Presbyterian Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital ; Vaccine Physician. 11 1 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore. *Harwood, Thomas N. 1801 (?). Of Montgomery County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848, 1853 and 1873. (Quinan, MS., has a "Har- vvrood, Nicholas, A.M., St. John's College, 1800; Surgeon, U. S. N.") Hasson, John. 1835. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1835. Of Ohio. See list of 1848. (There is a Hasson, J., Corinth, Miss. — Polk, 1893.) Hawkins, Arthur. 1897. Born at La Plata, Charles County, Md., December 27, 1868. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1895; Resident Physician, Bayview^ Hospital, 1895-96; Resident Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane (Spring Grove), 1896-97; resides at Cumberland, Allegany County, Md. *Hawkins, Hamilton S. 1822. Born in Maryland. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1822; resided at Baltimore; appointed from Maryland Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., November 22, 1824; Major and Surgeon, July 4, 1836. Died August 7, 1847. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Ham^kins, John B. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Hawkins, John L. 1813. *Hayden, Horace H. 1810. Born at Windsor, Conn., October 13, 1769. Began life as an architect; came to Baltimore, 1804; Founder and 432 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Vice-President, Maryland Academy of Science and Literature, 1826 ; M.D. (Honorary), Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1837; D.p.S., Baltimore College of Dental Surgery; invited to read a course of lectures to the medical class, University of Maryland, 1837 (said to be the first course of scientific dental lectures ever given) ; Founder of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1839 (the first separate dental school ever established), and Professor of Dental Physiology and Pathology, 1839-44; Dean, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1839-44; M.D. (Honorary), University of Mary- / land, 1840; Founder and President, American Society of Dental Sur- geons, 1840-44; Surgeon in the War of 1812; at Battle of North Point, 1814; author of "Geological Essays," 8vo, Baltimore, 1820. He practiced dentistry about forty-six years ; discovered a new mineral, which was named after him, "Haydenite;" he and Dr. Chapin A. Harris are known as "The Fathers of Dental Science." A mural tablet by the sculptor, Ernest W. Keyser, containing portraits of Drs. Hayden and Harris, was dedicated at the University of Mary- land, April .^G, 1901. Died at Baltimore, January 26, 1844. Hayden, Holliday H. 1892. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., August 22, 1869. Educated at Centerville Academy; M.D., Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892; Assistant Resi- dent Physician, City Hospital, 1892-93 ; Resident Physician, Bay- view Hospital, 1893-94; at present Visiting Physician, Bayview Hospital ; Demonstrator of Anatomy and Clinical Medicine, Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons; Associate Professor of Human and Comparative Anatomy; Vaccine Physician. 1425 Light Street, Baltimore. Hayes^ James. M.D. ; Censor, 1840. Of Washington County, Md. *Hayes, John J. 1819. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Censor, 1819. Of Washington County, Md. Died near Sharpsburg, Md., July, 1823 (Scharf). See lists of 1848 and 1853. (A Dr. Hay was licensed 1824.) Haynel, a. F. 1838. M.D., Homoeopathic Practitioner, 1848 ; expelled from the Society, 1848, for unprofessional conduct. Of Baltimore. See Treasurer's book. *Haynie, Ezekiel. Founder. 1799. Born in Northumberland County, Va., September 29, 1750; son of Samuel and Judith Haynie. moved in childhood to Salisbury, Md. ; there educated and prac- 433 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ticed medicine until the Revolution; Surgeon's Mate (under R. Pindell), First Maryland Regiment (Col. O. H. Williams), 1779; Surgeon's Mate, Second Maryland Regiment, 1782; Surgeon, Fifth Regiment, 1783, until the dissolution of the Army; a mem- ber of the Society of Cincinnati of Maryland ; after the Revolu- tion, settled at Snow Hill, Md. ; in a short time moved to Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md., where he had a large and lucrative practice until his death, 1803; married Bettie Bayly; of this union two daughters survived and married. *Haynie_, Martin Luther. 1801 (?). Ordained Priest of the P. E. Church by Bishop White, 1789 ; Rector in Worcester County, Md. Of Chestertown, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. (Upon invita- tion of the Faculty of the University of Maryland, he delivered a series of lectures on duelling to the students of that institution — Q. MS.) *Haynie. L. M., Jr. Of Mississippi. In list of 1848 marked dead. Hays, Joseph C. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Of Washing- ton County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Hays, William. Founder. 1799. Of Dorchester County, Md. *Healey, Thomas A. M.D., University of Maryland, 1835 ; Assistant Surgeon, Second Maryland Volunteers, 1861-65. Died at Cum- berland, August 9, 1892. Hebb, Thomas William. 1854. Born at Poplar Hill, St. Mary's County, Md., May 2, 1832; son of William Hillard Hebb. Educated at Char- lotte Hall Academy and Columbian College, Washington, D. C. ; pupil of Dr. John M. Roberts; M.D., Columbian College, 1853; practiced at Baltimore till 1857, taking special courses at the Uni- versity of Maryland ; his health then failed and he returned to St. Mary's, where he died August 15, 1858. See Treasurer's book. *Hebbard, Ebenezer Bradford. 1823. Of Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Hecker, Frederick D. 1847. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. 434 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Heldman, Joel Adam. Born at Marburg, Hessen, November 20, 1820. Attended lectures at the University of Marburg about 1846- 48: settled at Baltimore, 1849, and practiced here until his death. Died March 23, 1898. *Hellen, Walter. 1824. Of Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Helm, Henry. Founder. 1799. Of Denton, Caroline County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Helm, Meredith. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Williamsport, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Helmsley, William. 1831 (examination). M.D. (Honorary), Uni- versity of Maryland, 1845. Of Caroline County, Md. See list of 1848. Hem meter, John C. 1888. Born at Baltimore, April 25, 1864. Educated at the Royal Gymnasium, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1874, and Baltimore City College, 1879-82; graduate of Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1890; Resident Physician in charge of Bayview Hospital, 1885- 88; Professor of Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, Balti- more Medical College, 1896-97; Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Stomach and Director of the Clinical Laboratory, University of Maryland, 1897 — ; Consulting Physician, University Hospital; Vice-President Gastro-Enterological Association, 1899-1900; author of "Diseases of the Stomach," etc., 8vo, Philadelphia, 1897; second edition, 1900; "Diseases of Intestines," 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1901. 1734 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. Hempel, John Frederick. 1896. Born at Baltimore, February 4, 1864. Educated at Knapp's Institute ; Ph.G., Maryland College of Phar- macy, 1885; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1894; Lecturer on Materia Medica, Baltimore Medical College, 1896-98; Sanitary In- spector, 1896. 1 103 Valley Street, Baltimore. *Henderson, Francis. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848. Henkel, Charles Bernard. 1892. Born at Jersey City, N. J., February 16, 1870. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1889; Medical Examiner of Travelers, and 435 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY other Life Insurance Companies; President, Maryland Board of Pharmacy, 1902. Of Annapolis, Md. *Henkle, Eli J. 1878. Born in 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; Member of Maryland Legislature; Member of the State Convention, 1864; Sanitary Inspector and Superintendent of Vac- cination, 1883; Member of Congress, 44th, 45th and 46th Con- gresses; registered at Chicago, 111., 1893. Died at Baltimore, November i, 1893. *Henry, Samuel H. 1878. Born in 1819. M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, 1839; practiced from 1839 ^o^ about forty years at Elk- ridge Landing, Anne Arundel County, Md. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Died at Baltimore, July 12, 1887. Hepburn, James. 1837. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1823. Of Harford County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Hepburn, Samuel. 1801 (?). Of Harford County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. ♦Herbert, Robert. 1814. See list of 1848. ♦Herbert Thomas S. 1828. Born March 13, 1806. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1828. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. Died April I, 1852. See list of 1848. ♦Herbert, William Paul. 1818. Born in Harford County, Md., 1797. M.D., University of Maryland, 1818. Died at Churchville. Harford County, Md., 1821. In list of 1848 marked dead. ♦Herdman, Thomas Jefferson. 1824. Born in Delaware. M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1823. Of Eastern Shore of Maryland. See Treasurer's MS. book. Hering, Joseph T. 1899. Son of Joshua W. Hering. M.D., University of Maryland, 1885. Of Westminster, Md. Herman, Henry. 1839. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. Herman, Henry S. 1890. Born at Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pa., August 10, 1850; son of George D. Herman. Educated at 436 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and at the Universities of Vir- ginia and Maryland; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Vice- President, Washington County Medical Society; Medical Exam- iner for Fraternal Societies and Life Insurance Companies; Vac- cine Physician, Hagerstown; resides at Hagerstown. Herman, Nathan. 1898. Born at Baltimore, May 3, 1863. M.D., Louisville Medical College, 1894; Chief of the Surgical Clinic, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1896-99; Lecturer on Bac- teriology and Histology, Baltimore University. 1708 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Hermange, Anthony. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Maryland. See list of 1848. Herring, Arthur P. 1898. Born at Martinsburg, W. Va., May 25, 1875. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1896; Assistant in Path- ology and Prosector in Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College. Associate Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College. 2039 McCulloh Street, Baltimore. *Herwig, C. p. 1801 (?). M.D. Died at Baltimore, 1810. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Hessey, John H. 1898. Born in Cecil County, Md., April 6, 1853. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Md. ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1878; resides at Hanesville, Kent County, Md. *Hewitt, George Washington. 1853. Born at Middleburg, Franklin County, Pa., December 23, 1830. Educated at Greencastle Acad- emy; pupil of Prof. S. Chew; M.D., University of Maryland, 1854; settled at Franklin Grove, 111.; Surgeon, Thirty-fourth Regi- ment of Illinois Volunteers, 1861-65. Name not in Polk since 1886. Heyde, Eugene W. 1892. Born at Hancock, Md., 1870. B.L. and A.M., St. John's College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892. Of Parkton, Md. Hickman, Benjamin. 1819. Of Sharpsburg, Washington County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Hilgartner, Henry L. 1890. Born at Baltimore of German parent- age, 1868. Educated at Baltimore City College; B.S., University 437 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of Texas; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; State Oculist of Texas, 1893 — ; Founder and Executive Surgeon of Austin Sani- tarium, formerly Texas Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. HiLLj Alexander. 1876. Born at Richmond, Va., January 21, 1856; son of Alexander Hill. Educated at Loyola College, Baltimore, and Georgetown University; A.B., Loyola, 1873; A.M., 1876; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Post-mortem Examiner, 1882-84; Coroner, 1884-96; Surgeon to Fire Department of Baltimore, 1888 — . 217 North Liberty Street, Baltimore. Hill, Charles Geraldus. 1874. Born in Franklin County, N. C, October 31, 1849. Educated at the Academy of Louisburg, N. C. ; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1870; Resident Phy- sician, City Hospital, 1870-71 ; settled at Arlington, vi^here he still resides ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 189S ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1895-96; Assistant Physician, Mount Hope Retreat, 1881-86; Physician in Chief, Mount Hope Retreat, 1886 — ; Consulting Physician, Hebrew Hos- pital and Hospital for Consumptives, Baltimore ; Lecturer on Ner- vous and Mental Diseases, Baltimore Medical College, 1882; later, Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Baltimore Medical College; President, Baltimore Medical College, 1885 — ; President, Baltimore County Medical Society, 1898-99. Doctor Hill discov- ered the comet, June 23, 188 1. Hill, Henry F. 1881. Born in Franklin County, Ala., December 25, 1854. Educated at State Normal School, Florence, Ala.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1877. looi Edmondson Avenue, Balti- more. Hill, John Harvey. 1884. Born in Lycoming County, Pa. Educated at Dickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa.; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1867; has practiced since at Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 1872-73. 807 North Arlington Avenue, Baltimore. *HiLL, John Shelton. 1876. Born in Virginia, 1849. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1871; Resident Physician, University Hos- pital, 1871-72 ; Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy, Summer Course, University of Maryland. A promising surgeon, and, according to Quinan, the first to employ boric acid in mucous inflammations generally. Died at Baltimore, November 26, 1883. 438 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY HtiLL, William N. 1878. Born at Baltimore, December 30, 1856. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Washington Univer- sity, Baltimore, 1874. 1143 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *HiLLEARY, William. Founder. 1799. Born at Mount Pleasant, Fred- erick County, Md., March 25, 1775; son of John and Anne Perry Hilleary. Studied under Dr. Philip Thomas for three years; never graduated; Surgeon of Colonel R'agan's Regiment, War of 1812; never married; educated a number of physicians of the western part of Maryland. Died March 15, 1834. HiNEBAUGH, Mahlon C. 1899. M.D., University of Maryland, 1892. Of Oakland, Md. HiNES, William Franklin. 1890. Born in Kent County, Md., Sep- tember 19, 1856. Educated at Washington College, Chestertown; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1877; Mem- ber of the State Board of Medical Examiners for four years; Health Officer of Kent County, Md., for ten years; resides at Chestertown, Md. Hinman, Ellsworth H. 1899. Born near Ellicott City, Howard County, Md., December 2, 1861. Educated at Baltimore City Col- lege; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890; has been practicing at Lower Marlboro, Calvert County, Md., since 1892. *HiNTZE, Frederick E. B. 1829. Born at Baltimore, 1803; son of Dr. Charles Hintze. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1856-59; Vice-President, Ameri- can Medical Association, 1864; Member of the City Council and Chairman of the Board of Health of Baltimore many years. Died at Wilmington, Del., October 12, 1865. Hirsh, Jose Lewis. 1898. Born at Philadelphia, September 12, 1871. Settled at Baltimore, 1889; A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1892; M.D., University of Maryland, 1895 ; Post-graduate Course at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895-96; at the University of Berlin, 1896-98; Lecturer on Bacteriology, Woman's Medical College, 1898; Demonstrator of Histology and Embryology, University of Maryland; Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, University of Maryland; Chief of Clinic of Pediatrics, University of Mary- land. 1513 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. 439 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hitch, William. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; Censor, 1830. Of Baltimore. Is credited to Somerset County by Treas- urer, 1824. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Hitchcock, Samuel. 1822. Born in Vermont. Appointed from Alabama, Brevet Second Lieutenant, Infantry, July i, 1827; resigned, December 19, 1827. See list of 1848. *HiTT, Willis Washington. 1825. Born in Bourbon County, Ky., February 11, 1801 ; son of Rev. Martin Hitt. Moved to Urbana, O., 1815; pupil of Dr. Hickman, of Sharpsburg, O., M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; settled for practice at Boonsboro, Md. ; appointed Surgeon, U. S. N., but soon resigned and resumed practice; a fev^^ years later moved to Hagerstown; at Convention of 1831, Censor of Washington County, Md. (American Journal of the Medical Sciences) ; moved to Indiana, 1830 ; a Founder of Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind., 1837, and President of its Board of Trustees, 1861-62; President of the Board of Trustees of Vincennes University for seventeen years. Died at Vincennes, Ind., August 18, 1876. See list of 1848. Hoeach, John U. 1898. Born at Green Park, Pa., October 19, 1855. A.B., Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. ; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1884; Surgeon, Pennsylvania Railroad. 2229 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. *HoBBS, Warner. 1810. Born November 22, 1787; son of William Hobbs of Samuel. Married Elizabeth Dorsey, 1816; not an M.D. ; Surgeon, Thirteenth Regiment of Frederick County Militia, May 31, 1813; resided in Frederick County, Md. Hocking, George H. 1883. Born at Frostburg, Md., 1855. M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; Chief Surgeon to Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, Mount Savage, Md., 1882-97; since 1897 has resided at Govanstown, Md. *HocKiNG, John W. 1894. Born at Frostburg, Md., 1857. Attended lectures, Rush Medical College and University of Maryland; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884. Died at Govanstovv^n, Md., 1897. HoDGDON, Alexander Lewis. 1889. Born at Philadelphia, June 23, i860. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Dispensary Physician 440 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY for Nervous Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Vis- iting Physician to the Home for the Aged, Baltimore; Professor of Nervous Diseases and Diseases of the Mind, Maryland Medical College, 1898; Neurologist to the Home for the Aged, 1898. P. O., Fishing Point, St. Mary's County, Md. HoEN, Adolph G. 1880. Born at Baltimore, November 28, 1853. Educated at Loyola College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; Instructor in Photo-Micrography, Johns Hopkins University, 1895-97; in charge of Clinical Laboratory, Pasteur Sanitarium, Sufferin, N. Y. 713 York Road, Baltimore. Hoffmann, Robert. 1895. Born in Germany, June 4, 1859. M.D., University of Wiirzburg, 1884. 1325 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Holland, Joseph W. 1899. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., December 22, 1869. Educated at Washington College, Chester- town, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; Assistant Resi- dent Physician, University Hospital, 1896-98; Assistant Superin- tendent, University Hospital, 1898-99; Chief Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1899; Lecturer on Clinical Surgery, University of Maryland, 1900; Demonstrator of Anatomy and Lecturer, 1892. Linden Avenue and McMechen Street, Baltimore. *HoLLiNGSWORTH, Parkin. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Washington County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *HoLLOWAY, T. A. J. i8g8. M.D., College of Physicians, Keokuk, la. 1858. Of Bishopville, Worcester County, Md. Died about 1898, aged about 70. Holmes, Louise D. 1898. Born in Guilford County, N. C. A.B., Greensboro Female College, N. C. ; A.M., National Normal Uni- versity, Ohio; M.D., Woman's Medical College, Cincinnati, O. ; M.D., Laura Memorial Woman's Medical College, Cincinnati, 1896; Chief of Clinic of Gynaecology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1897-98; Demonstrator of Chemistry, Woman's Medical College, 1897 ; Attending Physician, Evening Dispensary for Work- ing Women, 1897; after practicing at Baltimore for several years moved to Mississippi in 1902. *HoLMES, Oliver. 1819. A Dentist of Baltimore. Secretary's book says he was licensed in 1827 ; Member American Society of Dental Surgeons, 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 441 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *HoLT, John H. 1824. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1853. Of Wye Mills, Talbot County, Md. ; of Caroline County, Md., 1848. See list of 1848. Hooper, Morton Lake. 1891. Born at Baltimore, November 7, 1857. Educated at Bryant, Stratton and Sadler's Business College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1887; Chief of Qinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1887-88. 1013 Light Street, Baltimore. HooPMAN, S. V. 1886. Born at Avondale, Harford County, Md., Octo- ber 6, 1858; son of Jacob W. Hoopman. A.B. 1880, and later A.M., University of Kentucky; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1882 ; practiced at Baltimore, 1882-88 ; Professor of Pathol- ogy, Baltimore University, 1885-88; Post-mortem Surgeon, first ten v^^ards of Baltimore, 1883-88; in 1889, his health failing, he removed tO' California, remaining five years ; then went to Europe, studying in hospitals of London, Berlin, Vienna and Paris ; settled at Chester, Pa., 1896, practicing there ever since ; President of the Board of Health, Chester, Pa., 1899 — . Hopkins, Howard H. 1887. BoTn at Baltimore, February 2, 1848. Educated at Maryland Agricultural College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869. Of Newmarket, Frederick County, Md. *Hopkins, Joel. 1814. Born at Deer Creek, Harford County, Md., November 9, 1784; son of Levin Hill Hopkins, civil engineer. At the age of sixteen removed tO' Baltimore, and engaged in mercantile business ; lost an eye from yellow fever in the epidemic of 1800 ; while thus engaged became pupil of Dr. Potter; M.D., University of Maryland, 1815 ; settled at Elkridge Landing, Howard County, Md., 1818, which was then a rival of Baltimore; Censor, 1826; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1854-55 a-"d 1857-58; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1841-48 and 1858-59. Hopkins, John C. Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1863. Of Harford County, Md. See Sun, June 6, 1863. *Hopkins, Richard. Founder. 1799. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1785 (?) (there is a Hopkins in the Catalogue of that year). "He was very eccentric, and had the reputation of effecting some miraculous cures." Of Anne Arundel County, Md. Died about 1830-35, at a great age. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *HoPKiNS, Thomas C. 1854. Born in Maryland. M.D.. University of Maryland, 1830. Of Havre de Grace, Md. Died after i860. 442 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hopkins, William Worthington. Born at Havre de Grace, Md., November 26, 1836. Educated at Delaware College; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1858; President, Harford County Medical Society, 1878. Of Havre de Grace, Md. HoPKiNSON, B. Merrill. 1889. Born at Baltimore, September 18, 1858. D.D.S., Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1880; M.D., University of Maryland, 1885 ; a Specialist in Oral Surgery. 5 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore. Horn, August. 1891. Born at Baltimore, June 30, 1868. Educated at Milton Academy, Marston's University School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Associate Pro- fessor, Dermatology and Diseases of Children, Baltimore Univer- sity ; Police Surgeon and Vaccine Physician for seven years ; Phy- sician to Augsberg Home for the Aged. 732 West Mulberry Street, Baltimore. *HoRN, Louis C. 1892. Born at Braunfels, Germany, June 2, 1840. Emigrated to Baltimore, 1855 ; educated at Knapp's School ; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1863; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; Vaccine Physician, 1872-73; Member of City Council, Baltimore, 1890-91 ; Professor of Diseases of Children and Dermatology, Baltimore University, 1888+. Died at Aiken, S. C, October 23, 1898. *HoRSAY, John A. E. 1836. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Virginia. Died in Somerset County, Md., September 27, 1841. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. '•'Horsey, James B. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of Worcester County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead, but name in Trans., 1857. *HoRSEY, Lazarus. 1810. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. In list of 1848 marked dead. Horton, William L. 1828. Practiced for twenty years in New York State; located at "Woodlawn," near Bush, Harford County, Md., March 2, 1828 ; Censor of Harford County, 1840. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *HoRWiTZ, Jonas. 1827. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1815. "A fine linguist and Orientalist" (Scharf). Taught school at Bal- 443 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY timore. Died at Baltimore, 1852. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. *HoucK, Jacob W. Born at Baltimore, 1823. M.D., University of Maryland, 1842; studied at the City Almshouse; Vaccine Phy- sician in 1846; Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, 1855+ ; Phy- sician to City Jail and Marine Hospital ; President, Alumni As- sociation, University of Maryland, 1879. Died at Baltimore, May 22, 1888. *HowARD, Edward Lloyd. Born at Baltimore, January 14, 1837. Stu- dent of Dr. Charles Frick, 1857; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1861; a private in C. S. A., 1861; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; Professor of Anatomy and later of Chemistry and Materia Medica, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1868-81 ; Professor of Physi- ology and Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1872-81 ; Secretary, Maryland State Board of Health, 1874-76; President, Maryland State Board of Health. 1876-81; Resident Physician, Marine Hospital, 1876-81 ; Peabody Lecturer, 1870 ; Commissioner on yellow fever in the South, 1879; Editor, Baltimore Medical Journal, 1870. Drowned at Baltimore, September 5, 1881. ^Howard, Henry. 1801 (?). Born, 1773. Surgeon, Baltimore Regi- ment, 1807 (Q.) ; Surgeon, Thirty-ninth Regiment Maryland Militia, 1814. Died at Baltimore, 1817. *Howard, Henry. 1812. Born in Frederick County, Md., May 28, 1792; son of Joshua Howard. Educated at Frederick Academy; pupil of Doctor Warfield; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1837; practiced at Brookville, Md., 1813-37; Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Obstetrics and Practice of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1839- 67; for fifteen to twenty years previous to 1867 had withdrawn from practice to devote himself exclusively to teaching; President, Citizens National Bank, Charlottesville, 1867-74. Died at Char- lottesville, March 2, 1874. *HowARD, William. Born at Baltimore, 1794; son of Col. John Eager Howard. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; studied in hospitals of Paris ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Mary- land, 1818-20 (?); Adjunct Professor of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1820-21 ; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Academic Department, University of Maryland; Civil Engineer; later, was 444 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY in United States Topographical Engineers; took out first patent for a locomotive in the United States. Died at Baltimore, August 25, 1834. Howard, William Lee. 1891. Born at Hartford, Conn., November I, i860. A.M., Amherst College, Massachusetts, 1882; M.B., Uni- versity of Edinburgh, 1884; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, New York, 1888; M.D., University of Vermont, 1890; Vice- President, Med.-Leg. Society, New York, 1895; Chairman, Med.- Leg. Congress, London, 189S ; author of ^"Iceland to Africa," 8vo, London, 1892; "The Dipsomaniac," 8vo' New York, 1899; "The Perverts," 8vo, 1901 ; engaged in Psychological work. 1126 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. Howard William Travis. 1874. Born in Cumberland County, Va., January 12, 1821. Educated at Hampden-Sidney and Randolph- Macon Colleges; pupil of Dr. John Peter Mettauer of Virginia; studied at the University of Maryland and Jefferson Medical Col- lege; M.D., Jefiferson Medical College, 1844; practiced in Warren County, N. C. ; moved to Baltimore, 1866; Lecturer on Auscultation and Percussion, Summer Course, University of Maryland, and At- tending Physician, Special Dispensary, 1866; Assistant Professor of Physiology, 1866-67; Professor of Diseases of Women and Chil- dren, University of Maryland, 1867-97 (this was the first separate chair on these branches in the United States) ; a Founder of the American Gynaecological Association, and its President, 1884-85; a Founder of Baltimore Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society, 1885, and its President, 1886-87 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1902; Consulting Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Union Protestant Infirmary, and Hebrew Hospital; a Founder, and Sur- geon of the Hospital for the Women of Maryland ; his lectures were reported by his students and printed in book form. 802 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Howard, William Travis, Jr. 1892. Born at Statesburg, S. C, March 13", 1867. Educated at Hanover Academy and the Univer- sity of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; graduate student, Johns Hopkins University, 1889-94; Professor of Pathol- ogy, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, O. ; Pathologist to Lakeside and City Hospitals, Cleveland; Vice-President, Asso- ciation of American Pathologists and Bacteriologists, 1901 ; resides at Cleveland, O. *Howell, George. 1814. See Treasurer's MS. list and Archives of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. 445 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Howell, William H. 1899. Born at Baltimore, February 20, i860. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1881 ; LL.D. (Honorary), Trinity College, Connecticut, 1901 ; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1884; M.D., Uni- versity of Michigan, 1890; Fellow, 1882-84; Assistant in Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Associate in Biology, Johns Hopkins University; Associate Professor of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; Lecturer and Professor of Physiology and Histology, Uni- versity of Michigan, 1889-92; Associate Professor of Physiology, Harvard University, 1892-93 ; Professor of Physiology, Johns Hop- kins University, 1893 — ; Dean of the Medical Faculty, 1899 — ; author of "Dissection of the Dog;" Editor and part author of "American Text-Book of Physiology ;" Co-Editor, Journal of Phys- iology, London; Journal of Experimental Medicine, New York; American Journal of Physiology, Boston. 232 West Lanvale Street, Baltimore. *HowLAND, John M. 1825. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; practiced at Baltimore, 1826; later, in Illinois. See list of 1848. *HoxTON, John T. 1821. Of Prince George County, Md. Not a graduate. See lists of 1848 and 1853. HucK, John G. 1898. Born at Baltimore, 1852. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1875; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1883. 647 West Lafayette Avenue, Baltimore. *HuDS0N, Robert H. (or W.). 1813. Of Newmarket, Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. HuET, AuGUSTiN. 1839. M.D. ("Whose filthy and obscene adver- tisements constantly fill the columns of our daily journals — an insult to common decency and subversive of good morals" — Report of Board of Examiners of the Western Shore, 1848) ; expelled from the Society, 1848, for unprofessional conduct. Of Baltimore. *HuGHES, Ellis. Born in Maryland. A.M., St. John's College, An- napolis, 1830; M.D., University of Maryland, 1834; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-38; appointed from Maryland, Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., August 21, 1838; resigned, July 31, 1840. *HuGHS, George. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819. Of Newmar- ket, Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Humes, Mareen D. 1899. Born in Prince George County, Md., February 5, 185 1. Educated at St. Clement's Hall and the Uni- 446 HORATIO G. JAMESON 1778-1855. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versity of Virginia ; M.D., University of Virginia, 1873 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1873-74; studied three years at Paris and Vienna; practiced several years at Baltimore; after two years spent in Colorado and Wyoming for his health, settled in Prince 1 George County; resides at Upper Marlboro, Md. *HuMPHREYS, Cathel. Bom, March 23, 1797. Graduated about 1818- 20; practiced and died at Salisbury, Md. His second wife (1843) was a daughter of Dr. John Huston, Founder. "A politician of some note and a public speaker." Died September 12, 1866. See list of 1856. HuMRicHOUSE, J. W. 1890. Born at Baltimore, 1849. A.M., Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1891-92; resides at Hagerstown, Md. Hundley, J. Mason. 1890. Born in Virginia, February 3, 1858. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1878; M.D., and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1882; Clinical Professor of Dis- eases of Women, University of Maryland. 1009 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *HuNGERF0RD, Thomas B. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; Censor. Of Calvert County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Hunt, Reid. 1899. Born in Ohio, 1870. A.B., Johns Hopkins, 1891 ; Assistant, Johns Hopkins; Fellow, Johns Hopkins, 1894-96; PkD., Johns Hopkins, 1896; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1896; Instructor in Physiology, College of Physicians, New York, 1896-98; Associate in Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins, 1899-1901 ; Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, 1901 — ; work chiefly with circulation. 1314 McCuUoh Street, Baltimore. *HuNT^ Henry. About 1807. Born in Calvert County, Md., 1782. Practiced in Calvert County; entered the United States Navy; Surgeon, United States Hospital, Burlington, 1812-14; settled at Washington, D. C. ; Physician to five successive Presidents ; Presi- ident, Board of Health, D. C. ; a Founder of the Medical So- ciety of the District of Columbia, 1819; M.D. (Honorary), Univer- sity of Maryland, 1824. Died at Washington, 1838. HuRD, Henry Mills. 1890. Born at Union City, Mich., May 3, 1843. Educated at the University of Michigan; A.B., 1863; M.D., 1866; 29 447 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY A.M., 1870; LL.D., 1895; Assistant Superintendent, Michigan Asy- lum, Kalamazoo, 1870-78 ; Superintendent, Eastern Michigan Asy- lum, Pontiac, 1878-89 ; Superintendent, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889 — ; Professor of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, 1893 — ; President, American Academy of Medicine, 1896; author of "Hospitals, Dispensaries and Nursing" (with Dr. J. S. Billings), 1894; "Suggestions to Hospital and Asylum Visitors" (with Dr. J. S. Billings), 1895; Editor of Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, 1890 — ; Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, 1890 — ; Co-Editor, Amer- ican Journal of Insanity, 1894 — . Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti- more. *HusT0N, John. Founder. i7gg. Born February 20, 1768. Mar- ried Sarah Dashiell, December 3, 1800; they had four daughters, no sons. Died at Salisbury, Somerset County, Md., January 23, 1828. Mrs. Belle H. Jones, of Salisbury, his granddaughter, has his silhouette. (A John Houston took M.B. at the College of Phila- delphia, 1769.) *HuTTNER, John Frederick. 1822. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Hyland^ Henry. 1813. Born in 1788. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1812; Censor, 1826; practiced at St. Peter's, Somerset County, Md. Died in Somerset County, Md., June 17, 1852. Hyland, Henry Ayres. 1892. Born at Moundsville, Marshall County, W. Va., August 15, 1854. Educated at Parkersburg Academy; gra- duated from Bryant, Stratton and Sadler's Commercial College, 1873 ; engaged in drug business, Hyndman, Pa., for nine years ; studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, and Balti- more University; M.D., Baltimore University, 1892; Assistant in Chemistry and Dispensary Physician, Baltimore University. 1435 North Broadway, Baltimore. Iglehart, James Davidson. 1877. Born at Davidsonville, Anne Arun- del County, Md., October 6, 1850. B.A., St. John's College, 1872; M.A., St. John's, 1876; student of Dr. William P. Bird; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1875 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Asy- lum, 187s; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railfoad, andi Visiting Surgeon, University Hospital, 1880 — ; Surgeon, Mexican Veteran Association ; Assistant Surgeon, Fifth Regiment, M. N. G., 1898. 211 West Lanvale Street, Baltimore. 448 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Iglehart, Joseph. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Davidsonville, Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Iglehart, Nathan Edmondson Berry. 1897. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., March 15, 1867 ; son of Thomas S. Iglehart. Educated at the College of St. James, Washington County, Md. ; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1889 ; Assistant Resident Physician, Univer- sity Hospital, 1889-gi ; Chief of Medical Clinic, University of Maryland, 1891-94; Assistant Surgeon, Hospital for Crippled and Deformed Children, 1896-99; Clinical Assistant Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1895-1900; Assistant in Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 1900 — . 16 West Preston Street, Bal- timore. Ingle, Joseph Low^rie. 1883. Born at Washington, D. C, August 16, 1846. Educated at Phillips' Academy and the University of Virginia; attended medical lectures at the Universities of Vir- ginia and New York, graduating at latter, 1871 ; Resident Physi- cian, Bayview Asylum; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1888-89; Member of the Board of Medical Examiners of Mary- land, 1893, and President, 1896; Consulting Physician, Home for Epileptics, Port Deposit. 1007 West Lanvale Street, Baltimore. *Inloes, Henry Augustus. 1833, Born at Baltimore, January 4, 181 1. A.B., St. Mary's College, Baltimore; studied law under Reverdy Johnson; pupil of Dr. Alex. Qendinen; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1833. Died at Baltimore, May 28, 1874. *Ireland, David Caldwell. 1877. Born at Annapolis, May 4, 1844. Educated at St. John's College ; studied under Dr. A. Claude ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1867; began practice at An- napolis ; moved to Baltimore, 1869 ; President, Medical Board of Pension Examiners, 1893 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873-75 ; Coroner of Baltimore for four years; Member of both Branches of the City Council ; President, North East Clinical Society, 1876-77. Died at Baltimore, January 14, 1901. ^Ireland, Joseph. Founder. 1799. Censor, 1819. Of St. Leonard's Creek, Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. (Ireland, John, of Maryland, attended Qinical Lectures at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, 1769-70.) 449 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Irons, Edward Pontney. Born at Baltimore, October 12, 1824. Pupil of Dr. James Irons; M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1865 ; after the War, practiced for three years in the South, then settled at Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1873. 1835 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. *Irving, Handy Harris. 1810. Son of Dr. Levin Irving, Founder. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1810 (?); Censor, 1822; on the Board of Examiners, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1816-26; in the latter part of his life, after a successful career as physician, studied law and became prominent also in that profession. Of Salisbury, Somerset County, Md. Died in 1831. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Irving, Levin. Founder. 1799. Born September 5, 1752; son of George Irving. Married Leah Handy, daughter of George Handy, January i, 1777, and had two sons. Dr. William Irving and Dr. Handy Harris Irving; resided in Somerset County, Md. Died April 8, 1807. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *IrvinGj William. 1801 (?). Son of Dr. Levin Irving, Founder. Died in Somerset County, Md., 1808. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Jackes, L.\uncelot. 1801 (?). Of Hancock, Washington County, Md. See list of 1807, 1848 and 1853. Jackson, Charles R. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Baltim.ore County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Jackson, Elijah. Founder. 1799. Born at Philadelphia. Mar- ried Miss Mary McWilliams, of St. Mary's County, Md., where he practiced medicine, and died when quite young; left one daughter, who married Gen. James Forrest in 1819. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Jackson_, William. 1805 (?). Censor, 1819 and 1840 ; Registrar of Wills ; did not practice in his later years. Of Dorchester County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. Jackson, William Andrew, Jr. 1897. Born at Baltimore, Septem- ber 4, 1863. Certificate of Graduate Course in Gymnastics, Health 450 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Culture, etc. ; educated at Columbian, Georgetown and Harvard Universities ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1896; Director of Physical Culture, Y. M. C. A., Washing- ton, D. C, Northampton, Mass., New Brunswick, N. J., Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass. ; Assistant Curator of Osteology, Smithsonian Institute, Washington ; Resident Physician, Director of Physical Culture, and Professor in Charge of Dormitory Dis- cipline, Georgia Schxx)l of Technology; author of "Graphic Methods in Anthropometry," "Manual of Physical Culture," "Preparation for Motherhood;" perfected and named the morpho- graph and invented tracers; resides at 388 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Ga. Jacobs, Christopher C. 1890. Born in Monongalia County, W. Va., November 16, 1850. Educated at West Virginia University; M.D., Bellevue, 1886; attended Post-graduate Medical School and Hos- pital, New York, 1892; Member of the Board of Pension Sur- geons, 1897 — ; resides at Frostburg, Md. Jacobs, Ferris. 1831. M.D. Of Washington City. See list of 1843. Jacobs, Henry Barton. 1893. Born at South Scituate, Mass., June 2, 1858. A.B., 1883, and M.D., 1887, Harvard; Assistant in Botany, Harvard University; Resident Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1887-88; came to Baltimore, 1888; Instructor in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; Associate in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1901 — ; American Secretary, International Medicd Congress, Paris, 1900; Consiulting Physician, Hospital for Con- sumptives. 3 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. *Jacobs, James Kent Harper. 1886. Born at Centerville, Queen Anne's County, Md., February 11, 1856; son of William H. Jacobs. Educated at Centerville Academy; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1877; practiced at Kennedyville, Kent County, 1877-97; since that has practiced at Centerville; Medical Examiner for several Life Insurance Companies ; a Founder and Director of the Second National Bank of Chestertown. Died at Centerville, December 18, 1901. Jamar, John Henry. 1880. Born at Elkton, July 22, 1840. Grad- uated from Rugby Institute, Baltimore ; pupil of Dr. H. H. Mitchell; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1861 ; Wilson Ma- ternity Hospital; Resident Physician, Philadelphia Hospital for MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY two years ; Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., 1863-65 ; President, Board of Pension Examiners for eight years ; Physician to Jail and Almshouse for six years ; President, Pennsylvania and Maryland Medical Association ; resides at Elkton, Md. *James, Francis. i8oi(?). Of Quantico, Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. James, Jacob B. 1834. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. James, John. 1818. Of Somerset County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. James, Samuel. 1815. Of Washington, D. C. See list of 1848. *Jameson, Horatio Gates. 1813. Born at York, Pa., 1778. Pupil of his father (Dr. David Jameson) ; began practice in 1795; practiced at Wheeling, 1799-1801 ; later, in Pennsylvania; attended lectures at Baltimore, where he settled about 1810 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1813 ; Surgeon, General Hospital, U. S. A., Baltimore, 1814; Surgeon, Baltimore Hospital, 1814-35; Physician to Jail; Consulting Physician, Board of Health, 1821-35 ; Founder and President, Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1827; Pro- fessor of Surgery, Washington Medical College, 1827-35 ; visited Europe, 1830; First President and Professor of Surgery, Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, 1835-36; returned to Baltimore, 1836; removed to York, Pa., 1854; Member of the Philosophical Societies of Berlin, Moscow, etc. ; Editor of Maryland Medical Recorder, Baltimore, 1829-33 ; author of "Lectures on Fevers,'' 8vo, 1817; "American Domestic Medicine," 8vo, Baltimore, 1817, second edition, 1818 ; "Yellow Fever," 8vo, Baltimore, 1825 ; "Trea- tise on Cholera," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1854; he was one of the ablest surgeons of his day. Died at New York City, August 24, 1855. *Jameson, Jesse. 1805 (?). Pupil of John Archer, M.B., 1790-91; practiced near Bryantown, Charles County, Md. ; one of the most eminent physicians of the county. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Jameson (or Jamieson), Luke. 1801 (?). L.M. Of Charles County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848, 1853 and 1873. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Jameson, Rush. 1827. Born at ^Adams Town, Lancaster County, Pa., February 20, 1803. Pupil of his father (H. G. Jameson) ; M.D., and Gold Medalist, University of Maryland, 1827; entered the service of the Republic of Texas in 1836 as Surgeon. Died at Columbia, Tex., December 3, 1836. *Jamison, Charles. 1826. L.M. Of Charles County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Jamison, William D. 1847. M.D., University of Maryland, 1845 ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1847; Delegate to National Con- vention, 1849. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Janney, Israel. 1801 (?). Of Baltimore. See lists ol 1807 and Jarrett, Harry S. 1893. Born at Jarrettsville, Harford County, Md., November 29, i860. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1884; Sanitary Inspector, Baltimore County; Physician to the Jail at Tow^son, where he resides. Jay, John G. 1884. Bom in Harford County, Md., June 26, 1848. Educated at Newark (Del.) Academy; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1871 ; at Paris and Vienna, 1872-73 ; Lecturer in the Spring Course, University of Maryland, 1877-81 ; Professor of Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882-91 ; Professor of Surgery, Woman's Medical College, 1891- 1902; Assistant Surgeon, Fourth Regiment, M. N. G., 1896-98; Clinical Lecturer on Surgery, University of Maryland; Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery of same, 1901 — ; Surgeon, Fifth Maryland Regiment, U. S. V., 1898; the first surgeon in Mary- land to perform successfully Cassarean Section. 869 Park Avenue, Baltimore. ^Jenifer, Daniel, Jr. Founder. 1799. Born in 1756; son of Dr. Daniel and Elizabeth Hanson Jenifer, of Kent County, Md. Appointed Assistant Surgeon to Dr. Briscoe (Ind. Corps — Q.), August 26. 1776; subsequently, commissioned Surgeon to the General Hos- pital, Continental Army; served till reform, 1782; Member of the Society of Cincinnati ; married the daughter of Dr. James Craik, of Alexandria, January 25, 1785 ; a practitioner of repute in Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md. Died in 1809. 453 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Jenkins, Edward. 1844. Born in Talbot County, Md., 1816. M.D.; Surgeon, U. S. N.; resided at Easton, 1847. A physician of learning, culture and experience. Died at Easton, Md., 1865. Jenkins, Felix. Born at Baltimore, October 11, 1825. A.B., St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1849 ; Resident Physician, Baltimore Infirmary, 1850-54; 400 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *Jenkins, Solomon Martin. 1831. Born at Easton, Md., 1803. Educated at Harvard; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1831; practiced at Easton. Died at Easton, Md., in 1848. In list of 1848 marked dead. Jenness, John H. 1898. Born in Cecil County, Md., September 15, 1862. Family from New Hampshire. Educated at West Nottingham Academy and St. John's College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Member of Legislature, 1898. Of Rising Sun, Cecil County, Md. *Jennings, Samuel Kennedy. 1817. Born in Essex County, N. J., June 6, 1771. Educated at Rutgers College, N. J. ; medical student of his father (Dr. Jacob Jennings) ; ordained minister in the M. E. Church; removed to Baltimore in 1817; President, Asbury Col- lege, Baltimore, 1817-18; M.D. (Honorary), University of Mary- land, 1818; President, Medical Society of Baltimore, 1823-24; a Founder of Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1827 ; Professor of Materia Medica, Washington Medical College, 1827-39; Profes- sor of Obstetrics, Washington Medical College, 1839-42; Profes- sor of Anatomy, Maryland Academy of Fine Arts, 1838-45 ; at Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1845-53 ; author of "A Plain, Elementary Explana- tion of the Natural Cure of Disease," etc., 8voi, Richmond, Va., 1814; "Letters on the Patent Warm and Hot Bath," etc., 8vo, Norfolk, 1816; "The Married Lady's Co'mpanion," i2mo, Richmond; "A Compendium of Medical Science, or Fifty years Experience in the Art of Healing, etc. (with portrait), Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1847. Died at Baltimore, October 19, 1854. *Jennings, Samuel Kennedy, Jr. 1820. Born in Virginia, August 13. 1796; son of Dr. S. K. Jennings. Pupil of his father, at Balti- more; M.D., University of Maryland, 1820; removed to Erie, Green County, Ala., where he held a high position as physician 454 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and citizen ; left many children. Died in Tennessee, 1877. See list of 1848 and "Jennings Genealogy," 2 vols. *Jessop, Abraham. 1823. Born at Ridgley's Forges, October 5, 1801 ; son of Charles Jessop. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; prac- ticed only nine or ten years ; practice extended from Hampstead, Baltimore County, to the mouth of the Gunpowder. Died at "Vaux Hall," Ashland, Baltimore County, November 17, 1827. See list of 1848. Jevvall, Thomas. M.D. See list of 1848. Jewett, Frederick Clarke. 1894. Born at Pittston, Me., August 21, 1868. Educated at Dartmouth College; studied at Bowdoin Col- lege Medical School ; M.D., Baltimore University, 1891 ; Lecturer on Nervous Diseases and Chief of Clinic of Throat and Chest, Baltimore University, 1896; Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, Baltimore University, 1898. 1939 Druid Hill Avenue, Baltimore. *JoHNS, Montgomery. 1854. Born in Maryland, 1830 (?). A.M., Princeton, 1847; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853; Professor of Chemistry, Maryland Institute; Professor of Practice of Medi- cine, Iowa College ; Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry, Washington College, Maryland; Professor of Chemistry, Agricul- tural College, Maryland ; Professor of Anatomy, Georgetown Med- ical College, 1862-68; Ph.D., 1866; author of "A Clinical Phrase Book in English and German," 1853 (Q.). Died at Baltimore, 1871. Johnson^ Benjamin D. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Worcester County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *JoHNSON, Charles Worthington. 1828. Born at Frederick, Md., September 28, 1805 ; son of Baker Johnson and father of Gen. Bradley T. Johnson. A.B., Princeton, 1825 ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1828. Died in Frederick County, Md., 1833. *JoHNSON, Edward Born in 1767. Pupil of Doctor Allen; Attend- ing Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1789; Member of the City Council, 1797; Judge of the Orphans' Court and Associate Judge of the City Court, 1804-05; Elector for Jefferson, 1805; for Madison, 1809 and 1813; and for Monroe, 1817; Mayor of Balti- more, 1809, 1819 and 1823; Chairman of the Committee of Vigi- lance and Safety of Baltimore, 1815 ; author of "A Series of Let- 455 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ters and Other Documents Relating to Yellow Fever," Baltimore, 1820. He was highly respected for his amiability and patriotism. Died at Baltimore, April 19, 1829. *JoHNSON, Edward. M.D., University of Maryland, 1833. Of Mary- land. See list of 1848. Johnson, George. 1856. Born near Frederick City, Md., 1832; son of Worthington Johnson. A.B., Princeton, 1851 ; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1854; practiced at Frederick City, Md., 1854- 91 J retired in 1891 on account of his health; resides at Frederick City. See Trans., 1857 and 1873. *JoHNSON, Henry. 1813. Surgeon's Mate, Sixth Regiment of Mary- land Militia, 1814; Censor, 1826; author of a "Report on Yellow Fever of Baltimore," 1820; Vaccine Physician, 1822. Died at Baltimore, September, 1830. In list of 1848 marked dead. Dr. H. Johnson was present at the Annual Convention, 1830. Johnson, Henry M. 1828. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; resided in Virginia. See list of 1848 and Treasurer's MS. book. *JoHNSON, James J. Born near Frederick, Md. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1816; practiced for a long time near Urbana, Md., later removing to Frederick Town, where he continued to prac- tice until his death. (There is a Johnson, James T., licensed in Treasurer's MS. book, 1825.) *JoHNSON, James Thomas. Born in Charles County, Md., July 26, 1828; son of Dr. James Johnson. Pupil of Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; partner of Dr. Eldred Moberley; practiced at Newmarket, Frederick County, until 1861 ; Medical Purveyor, Charlotte, N. C, in the War of 1861-65; prac- ticed in Virginia ; returned to Maryland for a few years ; Health Officer, Huntsville, Ala. A model physician and gentleman. Died at Huntsville, August 9, 1899. Johnson, Joseph Taber. Honorary. 1890. Born at Lowell, Mass., June 30, 184s ; son of Rev. Lorenzo Dow Johnson. Educated at Colum- bian University, Washington, D. C. ; A.M. (Honorary), Columbian University, 1869; M.D., Georgetown University, 1865; and Bellevue Medical College, 1867; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A.; Profes- 456 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Howard University, Washington, 1867-70 ; studied in Europe, 1870-71; Sur- geon Columbia Hospital for Women, 1891-92; Gynsecologist at Providence Hospital ; Consulting Surgeon, Emergency Hospital ; President of the Woman's Dispensary; in charge of a private hos- pital; Professor of Gynjecology, Georgetown University, 1874 — ; a Founder of the American Gynaecological Society, 1876; President, Washington Obstetrical and Gynsecological Society for two years; President, Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1887-88; Ph.D., Georgetown University, 1890; President of the Alumni Societies of Georgetown University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1890; resides at Washington, D. C. Johnson, Julius A. 1878. Born at Easton, Md., July 15, 1849- M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; resides at Easton, Md. *JoHNSON, Robert. 1800. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1793. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Johnson, Robert W. 1881. Born at Rockland, Baltimore County, Md., September 8, 1854. A.B., Princeton College, 1876; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1879; President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty of Maryland, 1894-95 ; Professor of Surgery, Balti- more Medical College ; Medical Director, First Brigade, M. N. G. ; Consulting Surgeon, Church Home and Infirmary ; Surgeon, Mary- land Steel Company; Medical Director, Baltimore Mutual Life and Annuity Company. loi West Franklin Street, Baltimore. *Johnson, Samuel. 1808. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809 (Medical and Physical Recorder). Johnson, Samuel. 1856. Of Frederick, Md. *Johnson, Samuel A. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Creagerstown, Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *JoHNSON, Stephen Theodore. Founder. 1799. Son of Henry John- son, Gentleman, who died in 1780. M.B., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1789. Died at Easton, Talbot County, July 16, 1813. (He signs his name M.B. to a diploma in 1805.) *JoHNSON, Thomas. Born in Baltimore County, Md., February, 1766. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1793 (Inaugural Thesis on 457 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY "Putrid Ulcerous Sore Throat," pp. i6) ; on Committee of Health of Baltimore, 1794; Member of Maryland Senate, 181 1. Died in Baltimore County, November i, 183 1. Johnson, Thomas Brashear. 1898. Born at Adamstown, Frederick County, Md., June 29, 1868. M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Post-graduate student at Johns Hopkins Hospital and New York Polyclinic; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1891 — ; prac- ticed at Adamstown, Md., till 1890, since that at Frederick City. *JoHNSoN, Thomas R. 1828. Born in Washington County, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; appointed Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. A. from Maryland, July 4, 1836; on duty in Florida, where he contracted a fatal illness. Died at Baltimore, July 11, 1837. *JoHNSON, Thos. W. 1813. Of Israel's Creek, Frederick County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. ''Johnston, Christopher. 1853. Born at Baltimore, September 27, 1822. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore; student of Dr. John Buckler; M.D., University of Maryland, 1844; Resident Phy- sician, Baltimore Almshouse; visited Europe in 1844, and again in 1853-55 and 1886; a Founder of Maryland Medical Institute, and Lecturer there, 1847+ ; Vaccine Physician, 1847 ; Lecturer on Experimental Physiology and Microscopy and Curator of the Museum, University of Maryland, 1855-57; Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Dental College, 1857-64; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Maryland, 1864-66; Professor of Anat- omy, University of Maryland, 1866-69; Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1869-81 ; Emeritus Professor, 1881-91 ; President of the Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1882 and 1888; Founder and President, Pathological and Clinical So- cieties; President, Baltimore Medical Association; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1875-76, and Presi- dent, 1876-77; Consulting Surgeon, Hebrew Hospital and Church Plome and Infirmary; Consulting Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hos- pital; President, Maryland Academy of Science, 1885 and 1887; author of "Ashhurst's EncyclopEedia of Surgery" (011 plastic surgery and skin-grafting). "An accomplished gentleman, an expert artist and microscopist, and a skillful surgeon." Died at Baltimore, Octo- ber 12, 1891. 458 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Johnston, Christopher, Jr. i88i. Born at Baltimore, December 8, 1856. B.Litt., 1876, A.B., 1878, A. M., 1879, University of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Fellow, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1889-91; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1894; Instruc- tor, and later, Associate in the Semitic Languages, Johns Hopkins University; Associate Professor of Oriental History and Archae- ology, 1898—. 2138 Oak Street, Baltimore. Johnston, Richard Hall. 1899. Born at Tarboro,N. C, April 6, 1871. Educated at University of North Carolina; M.D., University of Maryland, 1894; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1894-96; Chief of'ainic, Diseases of Children, University of Maryland, 1896-99; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 189CH-; Specialist, Eye, Ear and Throat. 1127 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Johnston, Samuel. 1877. Born at Princess Anne, Md., March 10, 1847. M.D., Jefiferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1870; Chief of Clinic, Hospital for Diseases of Throat, London; Physician to Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital; Consulting Laryngologist, Church Home and Infirmary; President, American Laryngological Association, 1890; Specialist in Diseases of Throat. 204 West Monument Street, Baltimore. *Jones, Albertus C. 1891. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890. Died at Cambridge, Md., August 3, 1893. *JoNES, Buckler. 1853. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1852 ; Vaccine Physician, 1853- Died at Baltimore, of suicide, about 1885. *JoNES, Caleb. 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1830. Of Balti- more. In list of 1848 marked dead. (There was a "Jones, Caleb v., Major and Surgeon, Volunteers U. S. A., July 14, 1846; dis- missed August 4, 1847, appointed from Indiana"— Hammersley.) *Jones, Caleb Mordecai. Born in St. Mary's County, Md., 1788. Educated at Charlotte Hall; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1813; Assistant Surgeon, Twelfth Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1812-14; after the War, practiced in St. Mary's County for more than fifty years; Member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1817; a most eminent physician. Died 1869. See Quinan's MS. 459 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Jones, C. Hampson. 1884. Born at Baltimore, December 11, 185S. Educated at the Friends' School ; student in Biology, Johns Hop- kins University, 1877-79; iri business for two years; M.B. and CM., University of Edinburgh, 1883; Lecturer on Physiology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1886-88; Associate Profes- sor of Physiology, Woman's Medical College, 1888-89; Demon- strator and Associate Professor of Physiology, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, 1889-96; Professor of Obstetrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1896-98; Professor of Hygiene, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 1898 — ; Commissioner of Health and Registrar of Vital Statistics, 1898-1900; Assistant Commis- sioner of Health, 1900 — . 2201 Bolton Avenue, Baltimore. ■♦'Jones, Charles Hyland. 1851 (?) Born in Somerset County, Md., October i, 1828. Studied at Baltimore Medical Institute; M.D., University of Maryland, 185 1 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-65; for a time in charge of Jarvis Hospital, Baltimore; Vac- cine Physician, 1867 ; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1869-70; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1877- 78, 1887-88 and 1894-95. Died at Baltimore, December 17, 1897. Jones, Charles Parker. 1898. Born near Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., June 8, 1825. Educated at Union Academy, Snow Hill; pupil of Drs. Farrow and Williams; M.D., Jefferson, 1849; practiced at Newark, Worcester County, until 1862, and since that at Snow Hill; County Commissioner, 1855-56; Chief Judge of the Orphans' Court for three terms ; Examining Surgeon for Worcester County during the War; Health Officer for Worcester County; resides at Snow Hill, Md. Jones, Edgar Allan Poe. 1897. Born at Madison, Dorchester County, Md., June 17, 1872; son of Elias Jones. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1893; Consultant to United Charities Hospital, Cambridge, 1901 — ; practices at Wingate, Dorchester County, Md. Jones, Edwin Early. 1890. Bom near White Sulphur Springs, Warren County, N. C, February 21, 1862; son of Joseph P. Jonesi. Edu- cated at University of North Carolina; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1883; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1884; Secretary, Baltimore County Board of Health; resides at Arlington. *Jones, George Henry. 1898. Born in Calvert County, Md., August 19, 1845. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy, Md. ; M.D., Uni- 460 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versity of Maryland, 1867; Member of the House of Delegates of Maryland, 1879-80 ; Treasurer of Calvert County, 1890-95 ; practiced at Barstow, Calvert County. Died at Prince Frederick, Md., October 16, 1899, of apoplexy. Jones, John J. 1892. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1879; since 1896 has conducted a private hospital for Diseases of Women, at 1012 Delaware Avenue, Wilmington, Del. Of Frostburg, Md. *JoNES, Mathias. Founder. 1799. Born in Somerset County, Md., 1768. M.B. ; practiced at Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. ; married Milcah Gale Wilson Chaille, August 6, 1797. Died a: Princess Anne, May 8, 1826. Of his seven children, William L. vi^as a physician. Jones, Paul. 1898. M.D., Jefferson, 1875; Health Officer, Ocean City, Md. Of Snow Hill, Md. *JoNES, Philip Grabel, Jr. 1830. Bom in Maryland. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1829 ; resided in Baltimore County, Md. ; appointed from Indiana, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. V., September 22, 1847; disbanded, July 20, 1848. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Jones, S. R. 1853. See Treasurer's book. *JoNES, William. 1813. M.D. Of St. Michael's, Talbot County, Md. (There was a Jones, William, who was Hospital Surgeon's Mate, Military District of Maryland and Virginia, July 2, 1813" — Ham- mersley.) *Jones, William. Born near Rockville, Md., April 12, 1790. Pupil of Dr. Tyler, Frederick City; attended lectures at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania; Surgeon, U. S. A., War of 1812, resigning after its close and settling at Washington, D. C. ; a Founder of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1819; President, Medical Society oi the District of Columbia, 1850; Postmaster of Washington (three terms) ; practiced at Washington for fifty years. "Affable, elegant, refined." Died at Washington, June 25, 1867. See list of 1848 and Trans., American Medical Association, 1868. 461 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Jones, William. 1849. Certificate of the Eastern Shore Board of Examiners (Archives). Of Talbot County, Md. (Possibly this is William T. Jones, University of Maryland, 1835.) * Jones, William J. 1885. Born at Baltimore (?), 1858. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1883; Lecturer, Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland. Died at Baltimore, January 10, 1894. *JoNES, William Lyttleton. 1824. Born at Princess Anne, Som- erset County, Md., July 20, 1798; son of Mathias Jones, Founder. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1821 ; Censor, 1831 (American Journal of the Medical Sciences) ; practiced at Princess Anne, Md., partner of Dr. Samuel K. Handy; married a Miss Baker, of Baltimore; moved to Natchez, Adams County, Miss., 1844, and practiced there until his death. *Jordan, James W. S. 1881. M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; Vaccine Physician, 1881. Died at Baltimore, about 1890-91. *JoYNES, Levin Smith. 1845. Bom in Accomac County, Va., May 13, 1819; son of Thomas R. Joynes. A.B., Washington College, Pa., 1835 ; studied at the University of Virginia two years ; M.D., Uni- versity of Virginia, 1839; studied at Philadelphia, Paris, Dublin, etc. ; in Accomac, 1843 ; at Baltimore, 1844 ; Professor of Physiology and Legal Medicine, Franklin Medical College, Philadelphia, 1846- 48 ; at Baltimore, 1848-55 ; Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, 1855-71 ; Dean, Medical College of Virginia, 1856-71 ; Emeritus Professor, 1871 ; Secretary of the State Board of Health, Virginia, 1872 ; President, Medical Society of Virginia, 1858 and 1878 ; Assist- ant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861 ; President, Richmond Academy of Medicine, 1866. Died at Richmond, Va., January 18, 1881. Joynes, S. (or V.) R. 1854. M.D. JuDKiNS, Eugene H. 1892. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1886 ("Maine") ; resides at Wiscasset, Me. Of Baltimore. Kahn, Samuel. 1899. Born at Riga, Livonia (Russia), January 23, 1869. Educated at the high school ; Ph.G., University of Moscow, 1889; came to the LTnited States, 1891 ; M.D., Baltimore University, 1898; Clinical Assistant, Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore. 1438 East Fort Avenue, Baltimore. 462 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Kasten, William Julian. 1899. Born at Baltimore, 1862. Edu- cated at Gettysburg College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; President, United States Pension Surgeons, Carlisle, Pa., 189S; Lecturer at Baltimore University, 1898-99. 1841 Pennsylvania Avenue, Baltimore. Keen, William Williams. Honorary. 1899. Born at Philadelphia, January 19, 1837. A.M., Brown University, 1859; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1862 ; LL.D., Brown University, 1891 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-64; studied in Europe, 1864-66; Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy, Jefferson Medical College and Philadelphia School of Anatomy; Professor of Artistic Anatomy, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Professor of Principles of Surgery and Clinical Surgery, Jefferson Medical College; Presi- dent, American Surgical Association; President, American Med- ical Association, 1899; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1899; author of "American Text-Book of Surgery," "Surgical Com- plications and Sequels in Typhoid Fever," "Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves" (with Weir Mitchell and Morehouse) ; American edition of "Gray's Anatomy," and other works ; special work, Surgery, Philadelphia, Pa. *Keene, John. 1826. Son of Dr. Zachariah K. ; first cousin of Wm. B. and Marcellus Keene. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; Member City Council, Baltimore, 1846 (Q.). Died (unmarried) at Baltimore. See list of 1848. *Keene, Marcellus. 1805. Born in Dorchester County, Md., May 12. 1782; son of Thom'as Keene. Attended lectures at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania; said to have taken M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, 1805 ; settled at Baltimore ; subsequently removed to Kentucky; later, returned to Maryland and practiced until his death ; Surgeon, Nineteenth Regiment of the Militia of Caroline County, Md., 1807; married three times. Died at Hillsboro, Caro- line County, October 8, 1845. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. Keene, Samuel Aloysius. 1890. Born in Dorchester County, Md., June 23, 1843. Educated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmits- burg, Md. ; pupil of Drs. McSherry and Van Bibber; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1865 ; Vice-President, Clinical Society ; prac- ticed in Dorchester County, 1865-69; at Ellicott City, 1869-89; since 1889, at Baltimore; President and Medical Examiner, Maryland Catholic Benevolent Union. 914 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. 30 463 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Keene, William Billingslea. Founder. 1799. Born in Dorchester County, Md., March 15, 1775; of English descent; son of Thomas B. and Mary Tubman Keene. Said to have taken medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania; Orator, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1809 ; for several years after graduation, practiced at Greensboro, Md. ; later, went to Baltimore, where he married, and afterwards moved to Kentucky; was very wealthy; lived at Georgetown, Scott County, Ky. ; he was twice married, first, Eliza- beth Claland, second, Hannah Bodine. Died in Louisiana, April 9, 1857. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. "'Keener, William H. 1877. Born at Baltimore, November 31, 1822; son of David Keener. Educated at Baltimore College; stu- dent of Dr. A. F. Dulin; M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; engaged extensively in assaying of ores; spent last ten years of his life mostly abroad, pursuing literature and art. Died at Balti- more, May 21, 1880. *Kj;erl, Henry. Born at Mainbernheim, Bavaria, 1755. Came to America in 1776 as Surgeon of one of the Hessian Regiments in the British Service; captured at Trenton, N. J., December 26, 1776; paroled and allowed to live at Baltimore, where he settled in prac- tice (1782) and lived until his death, July 16, 1827. He left a large estate. He is spoken of as a conscientious and benevolent gentleman, who enjoyed the entire esteem of the community. Kefauver, Elmer C. 1897. Born at Middletown, Frederick County, Md., March 18, 1868. M.D., University of Maryland, 1891. Of Thurmont, Frederick County, Md. *Keidel, George. 1857. Born at Hildesheim, Hanover, Germany, February 7, 1799. M.D., University of Bonn, 1828; after a year in Brazil, began practice at Salzgittin; came to Baltimore, 1853. Died at Catonsville, Md., November 13, 1874. See Trans., 1858 and 1873. Keidler, . 1857. See Treasurer's book. Keirle, Nathaniel Garland. 1887. Born at Baltimore, October 10, 1833. A.B., Dickinson College, 1855, and later A.M.; student of Dr. Miltenberger ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1858; resident student. Almshouse; Resident Physician, Baltimore Infirmary, 1-65 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum ; Attending Phy- 464 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sician, Skin Department of Baltimore Special Dispensary; Phy- sician in Charge of the Dispensary of the College of Physicians and Surgeons for twelve years; President, Clinical Society of Maryland, 1887-88; Demonstrator of Pathology, and later Pro- fessor of Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, Baltimore; Director of the Pasteur De- partment, City Hospital, 1897 — ; Medical Examiner for Baltimore City, 1887 — ; author of article on Rabies, "Twentieth Century Practice of Medicine." 1419 West Lexington Street, Baltimore. (Up to June, 1902, 322 cases had been admitted to the Pasteur Department of the City Hospital, under charge of Dr. Keirle, of whom 209 were bitten by animals absolutely proven to have been mad. There was only one death from rabies. This case, owing to the incomplete period of immunization, would not be accepted as a failure by any antirabic institution. Even if cognizance is taken of this case, the percentage of losses is only one-third of one per cent., a smaller rate than that shown in the last report of the Pasteur Institute at Paris. — From Dr. Keirle's Report.) *ICeirn, Garret. 1819. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819. Of Queen Anne County, Md. Keller, Charles J. 1899. Born at Baltimore, 1875. Educated at Marston's University School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1898; Chief of Clinic, Practice of Medicine, University Dispensary. 222 West Monument Street, Baltimore. *Keller^ Josiah Goode. Born at Baltimore, February 16, 1839. Edu- cated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1863 ; Vaccine Physician, 1864-67 ; Member of City Council, 1887-90. Died at Baltimore, April 8, 1897. Kellogg, Amasa. 1831. M.D. ; was present at annual meetings of 1834 and 1842. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Kelly, Howard Atwood. 1891. Born at Camden, N. J., February 20, 1858. Educated at Faires' School, Philadelphia, and the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania; A.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1877; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1882; Founder of Kensington Hospital for Women, 1883 ; Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1888-89 ; Professor of Gynaecology and Ob- stetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 1889, and later of Gynjecol- ogy only ; Gynaecologist in Chief to the Johns Hopkins Hospital ; author of "Operative Gynaecology," 2 vols., 550 pp. each, 48 plates, 465 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 592 original illustrations, New York, 1898. 1418 Eutaw Place, Baltimore. Kemp, Charles Percy. 1899. Born at Denton, Md., June 26, 1868. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1895. Of Kent Island, Queen Anne's County, Md. Kemp, Howard Mason. 1892. Born at Bloomington, Md., February 23, 1855; son of Elijah Kemp. M.S., University of West Virginia, 1876; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; Member of Maryland Legislature, 1889-90; Physician in Chief to Alexander Hospital for Crippled and Sick Lumbermen for eight and a half years. Of Alexander, Upshur County, W. Va. ; later, of Bloomington, Garrett County, Md. See Medical Directory, Maryland and District of Columbia, 1900. *Kemp, Samuel T. 1816. Pupil of Dr. Tristram Thomas, of Easton; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1817; commenced practice at Easton but moved to Trappe about 1824 ; Censor for Talbot County, 1840. Died at Trappe, Talbot County, Md., 1856. Kemp, William Frederick Amelung. Born at Baltimore, February 23, 1849 ; son of W. M. Kemp. Graduate City College, 1868 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgi- cal Faculty, 1883-98; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1886-87; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1897- 98; Attending Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary, 1875. *Kemp, William Miller. 1834. Born in Frederick County, Md., February 21, 1814. Educated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1834; located at Frederick City, but moved to Baltimore, 1839; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859-70 ; City Physician and President of the Board of Health, Baltimore, 1855-61 ; President, National Quarantine and Sanitary Association, 1858; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1882-83. Died at Baltimore, Sep- tember 6, 1886. *Kennedy, Hovi^ARD. 1828. Born in 1809; son of Hon. Thomas Kennedy. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Hagerstov^rn, Md. Died June 12, 1855, aged 46. See lists of 1848 and 1853 and Scharf's "Western Maryland." 466 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Kennedy, James H. 1891. Born in Harford County, Md. ; son of Silas Baldwin Kennedy. Educated at Bethel Institute, Maryland; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1874; Health Officer, Aberdeen, Harford County, Md. ; Naturalist and Contributor to Harper's Magazine. P. O., Aberdeen, Md. Kennedy, Robert F. 1837. Born in Virginia. M.D., Jefferson, 1837. See list of 1848. Kennedy, Stephen Dandridge. 1892. Born at "The Bower," Jefferson County, W. Va., May 25, 1834. Educated at the Virginia Military Institute and the University of Virginia; studied Art in the studios of Fischer and Wiedenbach, Baltimore, and of Bandel, New York; M.D., University of Maryland, 1855 ; Resident, and later Visiting Physician, Baltimore Almshouse; Assistant (1861) and Past Assistant Surgeon and Medical Inspector, U. S. N. ; resigned, 1864; reappointed, 1866; dismissed, 1883; practiced at Baltimore and Annapolis (1890-98), and now resides at Warrenton, Va. *Kent, Joseph. 1801 (?). Of Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Kent, Thomas H. 1809. Medical and Physical Recorder. In list of 1848 marked dead. Keown, Thomas William. 1896. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, February 6, 1868. Came to America, 1890; A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895; Resident Phy- sician, Maryland General Hospital, 1895-96 ; Lecturer on Embry- ology, and on the Dispensary Staff, Diseases of Children and of the Skin, Baltimore Medical College, 1896-97; at present Asso- ciate Professor of Clinical Medicine to same, and on Staff of Maryland General Hospital. 1938 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. *Ker, Samuel. 1801 (?). Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. Died about 1850. See lists of 1807, 1848, 1853 and 1873, and Trans., 1856, p. 95. *Kerr, Samuel John Stewart. 1831-32. Censor, Somerset County, 1840. Of Quantico, Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Key, Robert Morris. 1854. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1854. See Treasurer's book. 467 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY King, David. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Of Balti- more County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *KiNG, John. Founder. 1799. Censor, Cecil County, Md., 1826. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *KiNG, John. 1801 (?). Censor, 1819. Of Manokin, Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. King, John Theodore. 1882. Born at Baltimore, December 14, 1844. Graduated from Baltimore City College, 1863 ; pupil of Dr. Frank Donaldson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. A., 1866-73 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873 ; Visiting Physi- cian, Samuel Ready School and Morgan College ; Consulting Phy- sician, Silver Cross Home for Epileptics ; President Alumni Asso- ciation, University of Maryland, 1902-03. 640 North Carrollton Avenue, Baltimore. *KiNG, John W. 1819. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; married Sally H. Waters, of Somerset County, Md., but left no issue. Of Kingston, Somerset County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *KiNG, Robert S. 1801 (?). M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1799. Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *KiNG, Stephen Henry. 1897. Born at Boyle, Ireland, 1844. Gra- duated from Lowell (Massachusetts) High School, 1863; M.D., Harvard, 1872; at the University of Vienna, 1872-73; practiced at Providence, R. I., 1874-93 ; Pathologist, Rhode Island Hospital ; Consulting Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, Providence; post-gra- duate work at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1893-94; graduate work in Physics and Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 1894- 1902. Died June 7, 1902, at London, England. *Kinnemon, George S. 1876. Born at Baltimore, 1848; son of Dr. P. S. Kinnemon. Educated at the Central Institute; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1874; Attending Physician, Eastern Dispen- sary, 1879-82. Died at Baltimore, December 12, 1884. *Kinnemon, Perry Spencer. 1840. Born in Talbot County, Md., December 7, 1809. Pupil of Drs. Poits and Samuel Baker; M.D., University of Maryland, 1833 ; Attending Physician, Eastern Dis- 468 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY pensary; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1865; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1862-70. Died at Baltimore, Jan- uary I, 1877. KiRBY, Francis Joseph. 1896. Born at Springfield, 111., August 12, 1869 ; son of Edward Kirby. Educated at Christian Brothers Acad- emy; A.B., Rock Hill College, Md., 1887; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1889; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; Visiting Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore, 1894—. 1633 North Caroline Street, Baltimore. *KxEiN, Madison C. 1830 (by examination, showing he was not then a graduate). Born in Virginia; settled in Montgomery County, Md., on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1830. See list of Kloman, William C. 1855; 1877- Born in Germany, 1835. M.D., University of Maryland, 1855; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; Pro- fessor of Anatomy, Washington University, Baltimore, 1875-76; Translated (with Dr. F. T. Miles) Rindfleisch's "Pathological Histology," 8vo, 1872. 808 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *Klueber, Charles Julius. 1877. Born at Hildesheim, Germany, April ID, 1839; son of August Klueber. Educated at Andreas High School, Hildesheim, and Polytechnique School, Hanover; emi- grated to America at the age of 20 ; engaged in watchmaking ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; practiced at Baltimore, and died there June 21, 1878. Knapp, Moses L. 1829. Born at New York. Student of Dr. Colbey Knapp, of Chenango County, N. Y.; M.D., Jefferson, 1826; Phy- sician to Baltimore General Dispensary, 1829-30; President, Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, la., and Chicago and Rock Island Medical School; Professor of Materia Medica, Indiana Medical College, 1847 ; later, resided at Cardereta, Jimenez, Nueva Leon, Mexico; author of "Reseaches on Primary Path- ology; Origin and Laws of Epidemics," 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1858. *Knight, James. 1832. Born at Taneytown, Frederick County, Md., February 14, 1810; son of Samuel Knight. Educated at St. Mary's College, South Mountain, Md. ; M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1832; in Baltimore General Dispensary seven years; practiced at Baltimore and at Cincinnati for a short time; settled at New York City, 1835; in 1840, limited his practice to Ortho- 469 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY psedic Surgery; Assistant in Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New York, 1842-44; organized Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, 1863 ; Surgeon in Charge, Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, 1863+ ; author of "The Improvement of the Health of Children and Adults by Natural Means," 1868; "Orthopaedia, or a Practical Treatise on the Alterations of the Human Frame," 1874; "Static Electricty as a Therapeutic Agent," 1882. Died at New York, October 24, 1887. Knight, Louis William. 1881. Born at Baltimore, October 21, 1844. Educated at Union Academy, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1866. 414 North Greene Street, Baltimore. *Knight, Samuel Thomas. Born at "Ingleside," near Baltimore, December 20, 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1835 ; practiced at Baltimore from that time until his death ; Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, 1862-66; invented an obstetrical forceps and an apparatus for fractured patella; reported two cases of ovariotomy, 1872; variolated the cow and obtained vaccine virus. Died at Baltimore, January 20, 1881. Knipp^ Harry Edward. 1889. Born at Baltimore, October 25, 1867; son of Henry Knipp. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Chief, Clinic Skin Diseases, Univer- sity of Maryland, three years ; Medical Examiner, John Hancock Life Insurance Company. 523 Scott Street, Baltimore. KoECHLiNG Francis Ant. 1836. M.D. Of Baltimore. See Treasurer's book and lists of 1848 and 1853. KoLB, Wilson W. 1828. M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1828. Of Woodsboro, Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. DeKrafft, S. Chase. 1891. Born at Washington, D. C. ; son of Lieut. S. Chase Barney. At seven years was taken to Paris, where he remained until 1861 ; graduated from the Pennsylvania Mili- tary Academy, 1868; M.D., Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, 1874; practiced at Cincinnati for three years, then removed to Cambridge, Md. ; Assistant Surgeon, First Regiment, M. N. G., 1893-98; Surgeon, 1898-99; President of Maryland State Board of Health, 1897 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Ser- vice; Surgeon with Twenty-eighth Regiment, Army in the Philip- pines, 1899. 470 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Kremien, John D. 1888. Born in Germany, about 1846. "University of Greifswald, 1866." Convicted of manslaughter, October 18, 1894, and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment in penitentiary. Died at Baltimore, January 23, 1901. Kroh, William. 1897. Born December 23, i860. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1882; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; attended New York Post-graduate Medical School and Hospital ; Coroner, 1898. 1304 West Lafayette Avenue, Baltimore. KjtozER, John J. R. 1848. Born at Elizabeth City, N. C, August 30, 1827; son of Dr. John Krozer. Educated at Military Academy, Portsmouth, Va. ; Student of Medicine, U. S. Naval Hospital, near Portsmouth, Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848. 662 West Lexington Street, Baltimore. KuHN^ Anna Louise. 1889. Born at Baltimore, April 13, 1859. Educated at Scheib's School, 1868-75, and the Western High School, 1875-79; graduated from the latter, 1879; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1883 ; the first woman to graduate in medicine at Baltimore. 618 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. *Lamb, Charles H. 1830. See Treasurer's MS. book. (See Laub, C. H.) ^Lancaster, Calistus. 1815. L.M. Of Newport, Charles County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Lancaster, Joseph B. 1809. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1841. Of Newport, Charles County, Md. See Medical and Physical Recorder, and lists of 1848 and 1853. Landis, Edward. 1853. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1853 and 1873- Lane, Nicholas B. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1822. Of Fred- erick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Lange, Frederick. Honorary. 1893. Born in the Province of West Prussia, Germany, 1849. Studied at Konigsberg and Wiirzburg; was in the Franco-German War, 1870-71 ; M.D., University of Konigsberg, Prussia, 1872; Clinical Assistant in Surgery, Uni- versity Hospital, Konigsberg, 1872-74 : continued study at Vienna, 1874 ; practiced at Tilsit, East Prussia, 1874-75 ; continued study at Berlin ; Assistant to von Esmarch, Kiel, 1876-78 ; Army Sur- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY geon, Servian side, in the Servian-Turkish War; emigrated to New York City, 1878; Attending Surgeon, Bellevue and German Hospitals ; Consulting Surgeon to Presbyterian Hospital ; since i8go devoted tO' private practice; Orator, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1893; LL.D., Konigsberg, 1898. 130 East Sixty- first Street, New York City. Lanier, Berwick Bruce. 1896. Born at Baltimore, March 9, 1869. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1890; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1892; Assistant Resident Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1892-93 ; on Surgical Staff, Johns Hopkins Dispensary ; Lecturer on Pathology and Histology, Woman's Medical College, Balti- more, 1894-95 ; Lecturer on Operative Surgery, Woman's Medical College, 1895-96; Lecturer on the Principles of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1896-1900; Associate Professor of the Principles of Surgery, 1900 — ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. V., 1898. 25 West Chase Street, Baltimore. *Lansdale, William. Founder. 1799. Born about 1765 ; youngest son of Philip Lansdale, who came from County of Middlesex, England, and settled at "Enfield Chase," Prince George County, Md., marrying Miss Van Horn, of Philadelphia; received the diploma of the Royal College of Physicians, London, February 14, 1786; removed to Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md., where he practiced until his death; married Miss Mary Reeder, of St. Mary's County, September 25, 1797; left one daughter, Mrs. Dr. William Thomas, "Cremona," St. Mary's County. Died after a short illness in March, 1801, and was buried at "Ellenboro," near Leonardtown. Larned, Charles Willis. 1897. Born at Baltimore, October i, 1869; son of Major Frank H. Earned, U. S. A. Educated at private schools; M.D., University of Maryland, 1893; Resident Physician, Free Lying-in Hospital of University of Maryland, 1893-94; Resi- dent Physician, Hospital for Women of Maryland, 1894-95 ; Assist- ant Physician, Johns Hopkins Dispensary, 1895 — ; Medical Exam- iner, New York Life Insurance Company. 1327 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Laroque, Alfred. 1847. Born at Baltimore; son of Daniel Laroque. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1847; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1848; never prac- ticed ; engaged in the drug business ; retired, 1866. Died in 1876. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 472 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Larsh, Silas. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Reis- terstown, Baltimore County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Latane, Samuel Peachy. 1898. Born in Virginia, December 14, 1874. Educated at Baltimore City College and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1897; Resident Phy- sician, Lying-in Hospital, 1897; Resident Physician, Hospital for the Women of Maryland, 1897-98; Resident Pathologist, Univer- sity Hospital, 1898-1900; since 1900 practicing at Winchester, Va. Latimer, Charles H. 1899. Born at Woodville, Prince George County, Md., November 4, i860. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1881 ; Resi- dent Physician, Baltimore City Hospital; began practice at Wood- ville; Assistant Physician, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C, 1888-1900; U. S. A. (?). *Latimer, John F. 1820. Son of Thomas Latimer. Attended medical lectures at Baltimore. Of Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Latimer, Matthias Randolph. 1898. Born in Prince George County, Md., March 17, 1833. M.D., Philadelphia College of Medicine and Surgery, 1855 ; practices at Aquasco, Md. Latimer, Thomas Sargent. 1866. Born at Savannah, Ga., June 17, 1839. Educated at Sherwood Academy, York, Pa.; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862-65; at Richmond, 1865-66; Resident Physician, Baltimore Infirmary, 1866-68; Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery; Professor of Histology and Patho- logical Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1873; of Surgery, 1873-76; President, Baltimore Medical Associa- tion, 1872-73 ; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1873 ; Pro- fessor of Physiology and Diseases of Children, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, 1876-83; of the Practice of Medicine, 1883—; President, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Phy- sician, Nursery and Child's Hospital; President of the Clinical Society of Maryland, 1880-81; Professor of Diseases of Children, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; Vice-President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1882-83 ; President, 1884-85 ; Member of the Lunacy Commission of Maryland ; Physician in Chief, Pasteur Department, Baltimore City Hospital ; Co-Editor, Baltimore- Medical ^ Journal, 1870-71; Editor, Physician and Surgeon, 1873; a contributor to 473 MSDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Harris' "Principles and Practice of Dentistry" and Loomis' "Text- Book of Medicine." 211 West Monument Street, Baltimore. *Laub, Charles H. 1829. Born in the District of Columbia. M.D. ; appointed from the District of Columbia, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., November 30, 1836; Major and Surgeon, October 17, 1854; Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Medical Purveyor, June 26, 1876; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious conduct during the war (Hammersley). Died Decem- ber 2, 1876. See list of *Lawrence, Daniel Hov^^land. Born at Baltimore, February 29, 1812. M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; Quarantine Physician, Balti- more, eight years ; practiced at Baltimore. Died in Baltimore County, October 27, 1879. ^Lawrence, George Washington. 1847. Born at Plymouth, Mont- gomery County, Pa., July 4, 1823 ; son of William Lawrence. Educated at Germantown Academy, etc. ; pupil of Dr. J. H. Miller, of Baltimore ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1846 ; first practiced at Baltimore; removed to Sutter County, Cal., then to Catonsville, Md. ; finally settled at Hot Springs, Ark. ; Acting Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1843-45 ; First Assistant Surgeon-General of California, 1850; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; Resident Physician, Hot Springs, Ark., 1859-61 and 1865-90. Died at Hot Springs, Ark., January, 1890. ^Lawrence, John M. 1808. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810; was in Cumberland in 1833 (Q.). Of Allegany County, Md. See Medical and Physical Recorder and lists of 1848 and 1853. Laws, Bolitha. 1825. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1823. Of Delaware. See list of 1848. *Lazear, Jesse William. 1897. Born in Baltimore County, May 20, 1866. Educated at Trinity Hall Military School, Washington, Pa., and Johns Hopkins University; A.B., Johns Hopkins, 1889; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1892; House Physician, Bellevue Hospital ; for two years Assistant in Vander- bilt Clinic; one year studied at Edinburgh, Paris and Berlin; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895-96; Assistant in Clinical Microscopy, Johns Hopkins University, 1897- 99; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., assignment to duty in the Hospital at Havana, January, 1900; on Government Commission for 474 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the investigation of yellow fever ; a martyr to the cause of humanity while investigating yellow fever. Died at Quemados, Cuba, Sep- tember 25, 1900. Leatherman, Marshall Edward. 1892. Born in Frederick County, Md., 1851. Educated at Roanoke College, Salem, Va.; M.D., Wash- ington University, Baltimore, 1873 ; graduated from the Post-gra- duate Medical School, New York, 1892; practices at Washington, D. C. *Le Baron, Francis. Born in Massachusetts. M.D. ; Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. N., January 31, 1800 — last appearance on the records of the Navy Department (Hammersley) ; appointed from Massa- chusetts, Garrison Surgeon's Mate, March 26, 1802; Major and Surgeon, December 12, 1808; Apothecary General, June 11, 1813; disbanded, June i, 1821 (Id.) ; resided at Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Md. See list of 1848. Lee, James G. 1831. Of Baltimore, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853.. Lee, Richard C. Born at Eastern, Va. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1859; Coroner, Southern District. 428 Hanover Street, Bal- timore. Lee, Thomas, Jr. 1831. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1830. Censor, Prince George County, Md., 1840. See lists of 1848, 1853. and 1875. *Lee, William. 1874. Born in Baltimore County, Md., 1844. M.D., University of Maryland, 1865 ; settled at Baltimore ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1867-72; Vaccine Phy- sician, 1868-69 and 1871-72; Professor of Diseases of Children, Baltimore Medical College; Dean, Baltimore Medical College; Sur- geon-General of Maryland; Secretary of Maryland Lunacy Com- mission, 1886-98 ; School Commissioner. Died at Stevenson, in Green Spring Valley, Baltimore County, Md., April 16, 1898. Leitch, John W. 1899. Born in Calvert County, Md., August 2, 1870. Pupil of Dr. E. Roddy; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1896 ; practices at Huntingtown, Md. *Lemmon, Richard. 1816. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Salisbury, Somerset County, Md. Died in i860. See lists of 1848 and 1853. (There was a "Lemmon, Richard, Midshipman,, August 17, 1814; resigned, April 17, 1815" — Hammersley.) 475 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ^Leonard, Benjamin F. 1877. Born at Baltimore, April 14, 1847. Educated at West River Institute; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Post-graduate Student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, and Bellevue College, New York; Professor of Diseases of Women and Children, Baltimore Medical College; paid special attention to Rectal Diseases. Died at Baltimore, April 10, 1900. Leonard, Somerville E. 1824. See list of 1848. ^Leonard, William T. 1832. Born in Maryland. M.D. (Washing- ton University, Baltimore?) ; Lecturer on Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, Fells Point Institute, 1836; Member of the City Council, 1845 ; Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1845-48 ; Profes- sor of Anatomy, Washington University, Baltimore, 1847-51; ap- pointed from Maryland, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., August 21, 1838; resigned, September 23, 1842. *Letherbury, Peregrine. 1801 (?). Of Salisbury, Somerset County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Lewis, John Latane. 1892. Born in Essex County, Va., July 9, 1865. Educated at Aberdeen Academy, Virginia; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1888; Post-graduate Course at Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895 ; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1889-95. Of Bethesda, Montgomery County, Md. Lewis, William Milton. 1892. Born in Ohio, March 27, i860. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Lecturer on Normal His- tology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1895-97; Associate Professor of Normal Histology and Clinical Microscopy, Woman's Medical College, 1897 — . 1220 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. Liebmann, Gustav. About 1872. Born at Wiirttemberg, Germany, January 27, 1833. Studied at Tiibingen, 1851-56; M.D., Tiibingen University, 1856; came to America, 1856; M.D., Baltimore Medical College (date not given, supposed to be Honorary) ; practiced at Baltimore, 1856-81 ; removed to Boston, 1881 ; retired, 1890 ; Pro- fessor of Diseases of the Digestive Organs, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, 1897-1900. 9 Ivy Street, Boston, Mass. LiGHTFORDj William D. 1833. See Treasurer's MS. book. Likes, Sylvan H. 1894. Born at Baltimore, December 7, 1870. Edu- cated at Johns Hopkins University; M.D., College of Physicians 476 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1893; Resident Physician, Bayview Hos- pital, 1893-94; Clinical Lecturer on Dermatology, Woman's Medi- cal College, Baltimore, 1897; Demonstrator of Pathology, Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, 1898-99; Associate Professor of Genito-urinary Surgery and Dermatology, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, 1899; Consulting Physician, Hebrew Hos- pital ; Specialist in Genito-urinary and Skin Diseases. 26 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Link, Ferdinand C. 1893. Born at Baltimore, January 3, 1869 ; son of Philip Link. M.D., Baltimore University, 1892; Chief of Clinic, Diseases of Women, Baltimore University, 1892-97; Examining Physician, Baltimore Life Insurance Company, 1892 — . 1703 North Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. LiNTHicuM, G. Milton. 1899. Born in Anne Arundel County, August 17, 1870. Educated at the State Normal School, St. John's College and Johns Hopkins University; A.B., Johns Hopkins, 1891 ; preliminary medical course, Johns Hopkins University ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1893 ; Chief of the Eye and Ear Clinic, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1893-94; Lec- turer on Physiology, Woman's Medical College, 1896-97; Professor of Physiology, Woman's Medical College, 1897-98; Professor of Rectal Surgery and Physiology, Maryland Medical College, 1898 — ; Surgeon, Franklin Square Hospital ; Visiting Physician, Hospital for Consumptives. 1820 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Linthicum, James Garrott. Born at Urbana, Frederick County, Md., November 26, 1834; settled at Baltimore, 1852; M.D., University of Maryland, 1859 ; served six terms in City Council ; Professor of Practice of Medicine, Baltimore University, twelve years ; at pres- ent Emeritus Professor and President, Board of Trustees. 1327 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Linthicum, Thomas Waters. 1892. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., November 24, 1855. M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; practices at Savage, Md. *Littell^ Norval W. Born at Newmarket, Va., September 28, 1829. Attended lectures at the University of Virginia; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1853 ; Resident Physician, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, 1853-54; settled at Baltimore, 1854; Vaccine Phy- sician, 1858-59; Lecturer on Ophthalmology and Otology, Wash- ington University, Baltimore, 1867-68; withdrew from active prac- 477 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tice, 1874, and went to Florida on account of health; claimed an early, successful Csesarean Section (see Atkinson, Physicians and Surgeons of the United States, 1878). Died at Baltimore, unmar- ried in 1898 or 1899, of Bright's Disease. *LiTTiG, Thomas. 1830. Born at Baltimore, 1801. M.D., University of Maryland, 1830. Of Harford County, Md. Died at Baltimore, March 30, 1886. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *LiTTLEjOHN, Miles. 1801 (?). Born in England, 1758. Began prac- tice at Baltimore and Physician to Almshouse, 1789; Consulting Phy- sician, Baltimore Hospital, 1812; partner in practice with Dr. Wm. Donaldson. Died at Baltimore, December 23, 1815. Lloyd, Horatio N. 1831. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1831. Of District of Columbia. See list of 1848. Lloyd, Thomas P. 1898. Born at Grand Junction, Tenn., September 6, 1871. A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore, 1895; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1896; Resident Physician, Maryland General Hos- pital, 1896-98; Assistant to the Chair of Gynaecology, Baltimore Medical College, 1898-1900; Instructor in Gynaecology and Pathol- ogy, Baltimore Medical College, 1899-1900; Lecturer on Dermatol- ogy, University of Texas, Galveston, 1900; has since removed to San Antonio, Tex. ; practice limited to Diseases of the Chest. *LocKE^ William Bruce. 1808. Born in St. Mary's County, Md. ; son of Jesse Locke, County Surveyor under George HL Attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, and is said to have graduated there, 1808; began practice near Benedict, Charles County, Md. ; took part in resisting the British in 1814 ; in a few years moved to near Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's County, and died there March 25, 1834. His remains were interred on his farm, now owned by his grandson. Rev. William L. Braddock. See list of 1848. *LocKwooD, John T. 1833. Of New Jersey. See list of 1848. (There is a "Lockwood, John A., Delaware, 1832," Catalogue of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania; also "Lockwood, John A., Assistant .Sur- geon, U. S. N., February 8, 1832 ; Surgeon, October 13, 1840 ; resigned March 13, 1865" — Hammersley.) Lockwood, William F. 1890. Born in Culpeper County, Va., De- cember IS, 1852. Educated at the University of Virginia; taught 478 «^ SAMUEL BAKER 1785-1835- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY school three years; M.D., University of Virginia, 1875; Resident Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore, 1875-76; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Washington University and College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Attending Physician, Dispensary for Children ; Visiting Physician, St. Joseph's and St. Agnes' Hospitals ; Vaccine Physician, 1882-84; Member of the Board of Medical Examiners of Maryland ; Secretary, Board of Medical Examiners ; Examiner, New York Mutual Life Insurance Company; Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1899 — ; Professor of same, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. 8 East Eager Street, Baltimore. Lord, Teke Williams. 1893. Born at Portland, Me., February 5. 1864. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1884; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1887; Resident Physician, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, 1887-88 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Woman's Medi- cal College, Baltimore, 1890-91 ; Instructor in Anatomy, later. Demonstrator of Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University; Assistant in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94; Clinical Pro- fessor of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, 1898 — ; Profes- sor of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1900 — ; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1897 — ; author (with Rohe) of "Diseases of the Skin," i2mo. loii North Charles Street, Baltimore. LoTZ^ George. 1892. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1892. (3139 Elliott Street, Baltimore — Polk, 1893.) *XovE, Thomas. Founder. 1799. Born in Cecil County, Md., March 25, 1753; son of Thomas Love. Educated at Princeton College; attended the University of Pennsylvania ; practiced at Joppa, Bal- timore County ; later, at Gunpowder Falls ; Member of the Mary- land Legislature, 1801, 1802 and 1803. Died at "Loveton," near Cockeysville, Baltimore County, Md., March i, 1821. *Love, William Samuel. 1845. Born at Baltimore, March 12, 1803 ; son of Dr. John Love. Educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; graduated in Pharmacy; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1837. Died at Baltimore, June 25, 1872. See lists of 1848, 1853 and Trans., 1873. *LucKEY, William N. 181 i. Pupil of Dr. Thomas E. Bond, of Balti- more, 1810; M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1811 (?). Of Elizabethtown, Lancaster County, Pa. See American Medical Re- corder, 1818, and list of 1848. 31 479 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Lumpkin, Thomas Morgan. 1890. Born in Middlesex County, Va., April 12, 1864. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1888; Assistant Resident Physician, Maryland General Hospital, 1888-89; Chief of Dispensary, Baltimore Medical College, 1889-92; Demonstrator of Minor Surgery and Bandaging, Baltimore Medical College, for two years. 602 South Paca Street, Baltimore. Lyman, Albert Benedict. 1878. Educated at St. Paul's School, Con- cord, N. H., the University of Oxford, University College, Lon- don, St. Mary's College, London, University of Heidelberg, Uni- versity of Giessen and the Rotunda, Dublin; M.D., Giessen (magna cum laude), 1874; L.M., Rotunda, 1875; Medical Cadet, Red Cross Society, in the Prussian Army at the Siege of Metz, 1870- 71 ; inventor of the universal axis Tractor (Obstetric), 1890; Pro- fessor of Medical Classics, Baltimore University, 1889-91. 504. South Sharp Street, Baltimore. *Lynch, John S. 1875. Born in St. Mary's County, Md., November 24, 1828. Educated at Camden (Ala.) Academy; studied law, 1846-47; pupil of Prof. S. Chew; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853 ; began practice at Leonardtown, Md. ; removed to Baltimore, 1854; to Clifton, Ala., 1858; and back to Baltimore, 1872; Mem- ber of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1857-58; Vaccine Phy- sician, 1857 and 1873 ; Lieutenant, C. S. A. ; Justice of the Peace, Wilcox County, Ala., 1870-71 ; a Founder, and Professor of Anat- omy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1872; Pro- fessor of Practice, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1873-88; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society, 1876-77; Pro- fessor of Practic" of Medicine, Woman' l Medical College, Balti- more, 1882-84; Lecturer on Pathology, Woman's Medical College, 1884-86; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1883-84. Died at Baltimore, September 27, 1888. *Lynch, Samuel D. Born in Pennsylvania, 1814. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1834; practiced twenty-one years in Anne Arundel County. Died in Anne Arundel County, Md., February, 1871. *Lynch, Thomas. 1815. Of Queen Anne's County, Md. See list of 1848. ("Lynch, Thos. A., 1847, Md.," died in St. Mary's County, Md., May 20, 1893, st. 70. Catalogue of the University of Mary- land.) Lynch, Thomas Hooper. 1899. Born in St. Mary's County, Md., Feb- ruary 2, 1869; son of Dr. Thomas A. Lynch, of the same county. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Educated at Glenwood Institute, Howard County; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890, and has practiced ever since in his native county. P. O., Valley Lee. Lynde^ J. D. 1855. Was on standing committees, 1855-56. *Lynn, George. Founder. 1799. Born in Frederick County, Md., 1756; son of Judge David Lynn, of Frederick County, a native of Dublin. Married Nancy Venable ; had no children ; entered the Continental Army while yet in his teens ; practiced at Newtown, Frederick County, Va., but removed to Cumberland, Md., 1847. "Neat in person and dress ; his boots must shine like satin ; quiet and reserved, kindly and generous." Died at Cumberland, 1852. *LyNN, George, Jr. 1854. Born at Cumberland, Md., August 8, 1805 ; nephew and student of George Lynn, Founder. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1829; practiced at Newtown, Frederick County, Va. ; returned to Cumberland, 1841 ; about 1856, gave up practice and engaged in manufacturing. Died at Cumberland, Md., December 8, i860. *LyoN, Samuel Hall. 1827 (?). Born in Baltimore County, Md., about 1800; son of Major Robert Lyon, of Baltimore County. A.B., Harvard ; pupil of Dr. John Buckler ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1827; Physician to Baltimore General Dispensary; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1828-34. Died at Booneville, Mo., October, 1840. *Macaulay, Patrick. 1815. Born at Yorktown, Va., 1792. Educated at St. Mary's College; pupil of Rush (Q.) ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1815 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dis- pensary, 1815-16; Garrison Surgeon's Mate, U.' S. A., at Fort Mifflin, Del., April 8, 1814; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1817-18; Corresponding Secretary and Censor, 1818-19; Orator, 1823 ; a Founder of the Maryland Academy of Science, 1819; President of the same, 1836; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, Maryland Hospital, 1822; Co-Editor, The North American, 1827; Member of the City Council, 1827-30; Director of the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad, 1828. Died at Baltimore, September, 1849. MacCalman, Duncan. 1896. Born in Argyleshire, Scotland, Feb- ruary 5, 1865. Educated in the public schools of Glasgow; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895 ; Resident Physician, Maryland 481 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY General Hospital, 1895-97; Demonstrator of Surgery, Baltimore Medical College, 1897-98; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, Baltimore Medical College, 1898 — ; Assistant Surgeon, Fourth Regiment of Infantry, M. N. G. Maryland General Hospital, Baltimore. *Mace, Charles R. 1812. Born in Baltimore County, Md., 1783. Practiced at Rossville, Baltimore County. Died there July 16, 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Mace, John. Born at Church Creek, Dorchester County, Md., July 14, 1861. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Md., 1881; A.M., 1885 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887 ; Surgeon, United Chari- ties Hospital; Medical Examiner, Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York and Prudential. P. O., Cambridge, Md. *Mace, John. 1802 (?). M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1802; Censor, Baltimore County, 1822. Of Hunting Creek Mill, Caroline County, Md. ; later, of Frederica, Del. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Mace, Samuel Veirs. 1858. Born at Rossville, Baltimore County, Md., 1828; son of Charles R. Mace. M.D., University of Maryland, 1849; practiced in Baltimore and Cecil Counties. Died in Cecil County, 1864. *Mace, S. Veirs. 1892. Born near Rossville, Baltimore County, January, i860. Educated at Western Maryland College. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884. Died at Rossville, October 14, 1899. *Macgill, Charles. 1832. Born at Baltimore, 1806. Graduated from Baltimore College, 1823 ; pupil of Dr. Charles G. Worthing- ton; M.D., ■ University of Maryland, 1828; Resident Physician, Almshouse ; practiced at Martinsburg ; later, at Hagerstown ; a Founder of Hagerstozvn Mail, 1828; later, of Martinsburg Repub- lican; Visitor to West Point, 1839; Presidential Elector for Van Buren, 1840; Major-General, Maryland Militia; arrested and con- fined in Northern forts, 1861-62; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1863-65; after the War settled at Richmond. Died at Mineola, Chesterfield County, Va., May 5, 1881. Macgill, Charles C. W. 1879. Born at Hagerstown, Md., May 10, 1833. Pupil of his father (Dr. C. Macgill) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1856; practiced at Hagerstown, 1856-62; Surgeon, Second Virginia Infantry, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; settled at Catonsville, 1865 ; 482 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1889-90 ; Presi- dent, First National Bank, Catonsville, Md. Macgill, John Charles. 1892. Born at Catonsville, Md., December 25, 1869; son of last-named. Educated at Carey's School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; Assistant in Surgical Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891-92 ; since 1892 in practice at Catons- ville. *Macgill, William D. 1823. Born in Maryland, 1802. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1823 ; removed to Hagerstown, where he practiced until his death; tied successfully both carotids in the same subject, 1823, with an interval of one month, on account of a fun- gous growth in the orbit of each eye, the first time the operation had been done in America and second time in the world (New York Medical and Physical Journal, vol. iv, 1825 — Q.) ; performed the first lithotomy in Washington County, 1825. Died at Hagerstown, March 13, 1833. *Mack:all, Leonard. 1829. Born at Georgetown, D. C, 1803. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; D.S. Died at Baltimore, January i, 1892. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Mackall, Louis. Born at Georgetown, D. C, January 7, 1801. Edu- cated at Dr. Carnahan's School ; student of Dr. Charles Worthing- ton; M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; settled in Prince George County, Md. ; removed tO' Georgetown, 1840; author of "An Account of the Reasoning Process," Washington, 1850; "Notes on Carpenter's Physiology," Washington, 1852; attention principally directed to Physiology. Died at Georgetown, 1876. Mackall, Louis, Jr. Born in Prince George County, Md., April 10, 1831. Educated at Georgetown College; M.D., University of Maryland, 185 1 ; has resided since at Georgetown; Vice-President and President, Medical Society of the District of Columbia ; Presi- dent, Medical Association of the District of Columbia; President, Association of Alumni of the University of Maryland at Wash- ington, D. C. ; Professor of Clinical Medicine, Georgetown Col- lege; Ex-Professor of Physiology, Georgetown College. *Mackall, Richard. 1831-32. Born in Calvert County, Md., January 21, 1805. Practiced in Calvert County; Member of the Maryland Legislature, 1829; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1838; Register of Wills, 1849-55 ; Member of the House of Delegates 483 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and State Senate, 1864-68; removed to Baltimore, 1868; Coroner of Baltimore, 1872 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873 ; Attending Physician, Southern Dispensary. Died at Baltimore, March 2, 1875. *Mackall, Richard Covington. Born at Elkton, Md., 1821. D.D.S., Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1841 (first class) ; practiced at St. Louis ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1847 ; practiced at Savannah, Ga. ; settled after the War at the head of Elk River, Cecil County, Md. ; edited the Cecil Democrat, 1873-76; Member of Legislature, 1887. Died at Elkton, Md., February 16, 1902. *Mackelfeesh, J. Censor, 1819. Of Frederick County, Md. Ameri- can Medical Recorder. \ *Mackenzie, Colin. 1801 (?). Born in Calvert County, Md., 1775. Pupil of Dr. George Brown; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1797; partner of Dr. G. Brown; Physician to St. Andrew's So- ciety, 1815-26; Attending Physician, Baltimore City Hospital, 1799-1808; Drs. Mackenzie and Smyth leased the Baltimore City Hospital in 1808 and managed it successfully until 1819, when Dr. Mackenzie became sole lessee until 1827. (In 1805, with Dr. James Smyth, reduced a dislocated humerus of nearly six months' standing — ^"Dorsey's Surgery.") Died at Baltimore, September i, 1827. Mackenzie, Edward Everett. 1885. Born at Baltimore, August 19, 1858; son of Thomas Mackenzie. Educated at the University of Maryland School of Letters; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Instructor in Pharmacy, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1886-90; Lecturer on Pharmacy, 1890-91; Medical Director, Imme- diate Benefit Life Insurance Company, 1890+. 1339 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *Mackenzie, George Brown. 1830. Born at Baltimore, 1807; son of Colin Mackenzie. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828 ; Physician to Cholera Hospital, Baltimore, 1832. Died at Baltimore, 1833. ^Mackenzie, John Carrere. 1853. Born at Baltimore, 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1847. Died at Baltimore, 1866. Mackenzie, John Noland. 1882. Born at Baltimore, October 20, 1853. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Virginia, 1876; M.D., University of New York, 1877; Assist- ant on Medical Stafif, Bellevue Hospital, 1877-78, and Resident 484 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Physician, 1878-79 ; Interne, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin ; Chief of Clinic, under Dr. Morell Mackenzie, Hospital for the Diseases of the Throat and Chest, Golden Square, London; studied with Ziemssen and Oertel at the University of Miinich and at Vienna; returned to Baltimore, as Specialist in Diseases of the Nose and Throat; Attending Physician, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1882; Clinical Professor, Diseases of Throat and Nose, University of Maryland, 1888-97; Clinical Professor, Diseases of the Throat and Nose, Johns Hopkins University, 1889 — ; President, American Laryngological Association, 1889-go; author of articles in "Wood's Reference Hand-Book of the Medical Sciences," edited by Buck, and "Keating's Cyclopaedia of the Dis- eases of Children." 605 North Charles Street, Baltimore. ^Mackenzie, John Pinkerton. 1822. Born at Baltimore, April 8, 1800. Pupil of Dr. George Brown and of his father (Dr. Colin Mackenzie) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; partner of his father, on whose death he became Superintendent of the Maryland Hospital, which position he held from 1827 to 1832, when it was turned over to the State; Physician to St. Andrew's Society for thirty-six years. A physician of high honor and professional skill. Died at Baltimore, January 14, 1864. *Mackrill, Joseph. 1801 (?). Published a paper on "Yellow Fever" at Baltimore, 1796 ; removed to Baltimore, 1805 ; later, of Cape of Good Hope. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Macnoughty^ W. O. M.D. Of Allegany County, Md. (There is a Macoughtry, William O., Va., 1837, Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania). See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Maddox, Thomas Harris. 1817. M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1816. Of Alexandria, Red River. See list of 1848. *Maddux, Thomas Clay. 1874. Born in Fauquier County, Va., Feb- ruary 10, 1836. Educated at Alexandria (Va.) Academy; M.D., Winchester Medical College, 1859; practiced near Winchester and at Richmond ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; practiced at Richmond, 1865-72 ; removed to Baltimore, 1872 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873 ; killed in election fracas at Odenton, Anne Arundel County, Md., November 8, 1881. *Magraw, James M. 1878. Born in Cecil County, :\Id., 1841. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1866; Register of Wills, Harford 485 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY County, 1885-89. Died at Thomas Run, Harford County, July 13, *Magruder, Robert Pottinger. 1832. Pupil of Dr. W. B. Magruder, of Montgomery County; M.D. (Dr. W. E. Magruder, Sr., of Baltimore, says he was a graduate of the University of Maryland; the name does not, however, appear in the Catalogue) ; practiced at Shepherdstown, W. Va. Died at Shepherdstown after the War. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Magruder, William Bowie. 1825. Son of Zadok Magruder. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ; is credited to Baltimore, 1826. "A farmer and physician of untiring energy." Died in Montgomery County, Md., 1873. See list of 1848. Magruder, William E. 1886. Born at Brookeville, Montgomery County, Md., August 3, 1834. M.D., University of Maryland, 1854. Of Olney, Md. Magruder, W. Edward. 1896. Born at Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, Md., June 9, 1873 ; son of last-named. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895 ; Dispensary Physician, Baltimore Medical College, 1895-97; Assistant in Diseases of Children, College of Physicians and Surgeons. 922 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Magruder, Zadok, Jr. Founder. 1799. Born in Montgomery County, Md., May 10, 1765. Attended medical lectures at the College of Medicine of Philadelphia; credited with M.D. there, 1786, but his name not in the Catalogue ; Censor, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; cultivated a large farm besides practicing. Died Decem- ber 2, 1809. *Maguire, Charles. 1829. Born in Ireland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; resided at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, 1847, after a protracted illness. See list of 1848. *Maguire, Robert. 1816. A.M., St. John's, 1804 (Q-)- Died in Kent County, 1822 (Q.). In list of 1848 marked dead. (There is a McGuire, R. V., born — ; appointed from Maryland, Major and Surgeon, Mounted Rifles, April 12, 1822; dropped, December 27, 1820 — Hammersley. ) *Mahon, Ormsby S. Born in Pennsylvania, 1826. M.D., Jefferson, 1849. Died at Baltimore, April 3, 1894. aS6 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Mallet, John William. Honorary. i8Si. Born at Dublin, Ireland, October lo, 1832; son of Robert Mallet. A.B., University of Dub- lin; Ph.D., Gottingen, 1852; M.D. (Honorary), University of Loui- siana, 1868; LL.D., William and Mary, Princeton and the University of Mississippi; F.R.S., 1880, and F.C.S., London; Professor of Chemistry, Amherst College, 1854, University of Alabama, 1856, University of Louisiana, 1863, University of Texas, 1883, Jefferson Medical College, 1884-85, and University of Virginia, 1867-72 and 1885 — ; on Alabama Geological Survey; Lieutenant-Colonel Artil- lery, and Superintendent Ordnance Laboratory, C. S. A. ; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1880; President, American Chem- ical Society, 1882. "In industrial chemistry or chemistry applied to the arts and manufactures, he has probably no superior in the United States." See Appleton's "Cyclopaedia of Biography." Malone, Frederick R. 1897. Born at Greensboro, Caroline County, Md., August 25, 1859. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Md., 1880 ; medical student at the University of Virginia, 1880-81 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; County Health Officer for four years ; practices at Greensboro, Md. Mann, Arthur Howard, Jr. 1890. Born at Baltimore, October 29, 1869. Educated at the Friends' School and Oxford School; pupil of Doctor Tiffany; M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; at Vienna, 1890-91 ; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1895-96; Chief of Clinic of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1896-97; Lecturer on Clinical Surgery, University of Maryland, 1897+ ; Surgeon, Bayview Hospital. 934 Madison Ave- nue, Baltimore. ♦Manning, Henry E. T. 1877. Born in North Carolina. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1869; Founder and Joint Editor, Maryland Medical Journal, 1877; moved to Texas and died there. Manro, Jon.\than, Jr. 1825. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Mansfield, Arthur D. 1890. Born at Baltimore, June 25, 1868. Graduate Baltimore City College, 1886; attended Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; at London and Berlin, 1890-91 ; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1891-97; Specialist Eye and Ear Diseases. 129 South Broadway, Baltimore. 487 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Mansfield, Richard W. i88i. horn near Chestertown, Kent County, Md., December 14, 1840. Graduate City College, Baltimore, 1858; M.D., University of Maryland, 1863; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. 1863-65 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873. Died at Baltimore, June 2, 1898. Harden, Tilghman Brice. 1899. Born at Baltimore, January 6, 1870. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1890; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1892 ; Resident Physician, Good Samaritan Hospital ; Dem- onstrator of Histology, Woman's Medical College; Demonstrator of Chemistry, Baltimore Medical College; Lecturer on Histology, Baltimore Medical College ; at present, Associate Professor of Biology and Histology, Baltimore Medical College; author of "Manual of Normal Histology," 8vo. 2910 Huntingdon Avenue, Baltimore. *Maris^ EDVi^ARD Alexander. 1848. Born at Baltimore, August 19, 1820. Educated in the Collegiate Department of the University of Maryland, 1833-37; pupil of Dr. John Buckler; M.D., Medical Department, University of Maryland, 1841; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1842-43; Vaccine Physician, 1846; Died at Baltimore, April 20, 1902. *Marlow, Thomas. 1818. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1818. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Marrast, John. 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1818. Of Ala- bama. See list of 1848. (In Hammersley, there is a Marrast, John C, U. S. A.; born in Alabama; appointed from Alabama, First Lieutenant of the Thirteenth Infantry, April 9, 1847; disbanded, July 15, 1848. Probably a son.) *Marsh, Grafton. Born near Towson, Baltimore County, Md., June 17, 1792. Educated at Dickinson College, Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Maryland, 1813 ; Surgeon Militia, War of 1812. An eminent practitioner; never married. Died at Towson, Md., Novem- ber 10, 1825. *Marsh, John Eccleston. 1844. Born at Philadelphia, June 2, 1820. son of Elias Marsh. Not an M.D. ; resided at Chestertown; later, at Head of Sassafras, Cecil County, Md. ; during the 3rellow fever epidemic at Norfolk, 1855, he volunteered his services and re- mained during the epidemic ; then located at Jamesburg, N. J. ; after remaining there for several years, finally settled at South Amboy. Died from sunstroke, at South Amboy, N. J., July 8, 1867. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 488 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Marsh^ Josiah. 1825. Born near Towson, Baltimore County, Md., June 15, 1797. Educated at Dickinson College, Pa. ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1819; practiced at Towson, Md., partner of his brother Grafton; Censor of Baltimore County, 1840; married, but had no children. Died at Towson, August 17, 1850. Marsh^ William H. 1888. Born at Baltimore, September 14, 1851. M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Marine Hospital Service; Medical Examiner, Mu- tual Life Insurance Company, of New York; practices at Solo- mon's, Calvert County, Md. *Marshall, William. Founder. 1799 and 1830. Surgeon's Mate, Second Maryland Regiment, Lieut-Col. Thomas Woolford, and at the Hospital, 1778 (Q.) ; M.D. (Honorary), Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1830. Of Piscataway, Prince George County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Martenet, J. FusSELL. 1891. Born at Baltimore, July 5, 1858. Edu- cated at Steuart Hall, Baltimore; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1880; Vaccine Physician, 1881-83; Lecturer on Diseases of the Throat and Chest, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1888-91; Lecturer on Hygiene, Medical Jurisprudence and Dis- eases of the Throat and Chest, Woman's Medical College, 1891-93; Clinical Assistant in Diseases of Children, Johns Hopkins Hos- pital Dispensary, 1890-96; State Vaccine Agent for Maryland, 1896-1901 ; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society. 1701 North Caroline Street, Baltimore. *Martin, Ennalls. Founder. 1799. Born at Hampden, Talbot County, Md., August 23, 1758. Educated at Newark (Del.) Academy; pupil of Dr. Shippen, Philadelphia; Surgeon's Mate to the Maryland Line in the Revolution, June i, 1777, to Febru- ary 16, 1780 (Saffell) ; M.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1782; began practice at Easton, 1782; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1807; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1818; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1815-20, declining reelection in 1820 ; resided at Baltimore for some years, about 1815- 20; author of "An Essay on Epidemics of the Winters of 1813 and 1814 in Talbot and Queen Anne's Counties, Md.," Baltimore, 1815. A devoted and scientific agriculturist. From his brusque manners he was called the "Abernethy of Talbot." Of great bodily strength, tenacious of his opinions ; delighted in surgery, a zealous follower of Rush. Died at Easton, December 16, 1834, leaving a large fam- ily. (His wife, Sarah Hayward Martin, died June 3, 1835, aged 68.) 489 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY MartiNj Frank. 1892. Born at Brookeville, Md., October 21, 1863. Educated at the Maryland Agricultural College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1887-92; Assistant to the Surgical Clinic, and later. Lecturer on Practice of Surgery, University of Maryland; now Clinical Profes- sor of Surgery ; Visiting Surgeon, Bayview Asylum. 1000 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *Martin^ George T. 1818. Born at Easton, Md., April 17, 1793 ; son of Ennalls Martin. Pupil of his father; M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; practiced at Denton, Caroline County, for twenty-five years; Censor for Caroline County, Md., 1826-29, 1840, and 1841; moved to Baltimore, 1845 ; engaged in the wholesale drug business at Baltimore ; the Board of Examiners of the Western Shore reported his empirical advertisements in 1848, for which he was expelled from the Society; he was probably rein- stated ; practiced at Baltimore for eleven years ; moved to Elkridge Landing, Md., and practiced there until his death. Died at Elk- ridge Landing, Howard County, November 18, i860. See list of 1848. Martin, H. B. 1880. Of Harford County, Md. (There is a Martin,' Howard, 1885, born in New Jersey, in Jefferson Catalogue.) *Martin, Henry Newell. Honorary. 1894. Born at Newry, Ire- land, 1848. Graduated from Cambridge University; Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge University; Dr.Sci., London Uni- versity; M.D. (Honorary), University of Georgia; F.R.S. ; Professor of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 1876-93 ; re- signed, 1893; Orator, 1879 and 1885; author (with Huxley) of "Manual of Elementary Biology," 1875 ; "The Human Body," 1881 ; Editor of Studies from the Biological Laboratory of Johns Hop- kins University. "By his brilliant work as investigator, teacher and author he advanced knowledge and exerted a wide and enduring influence" (Memorial Tablet). Died at Burley, Yorkshire, Eng- land, October 2y, 1898. *Martin, James Stansbury. 1879. Born at Baltimore, April 2, 1824. Educated at Baltimore College and Carter's Academy, New Wind- sor, Md. ; student of Dr. Samuel B. Martin; M.D., Washington University, 1844; began practice at Baltimore; Resident Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1846-47; in California, 1849-55; Surgeon, Pacific Mail Steamship Service; returned to Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 1857-59; removed to Brookeville, Md., 1861 ; practiced 490 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at Brookeville until 1895; after that at Baltimore. Died at Balti- more, April 14, 1900. *Martin, John S. 1801 (?). Censor of Worcester County, 1826 (American Medical Recorder) ; Censor, 1831 (American Journal of the Medical Sciences) ; Censor, 1840 (Maryland Medical and Sur- gical Journal). Of Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Martin, John S. Born March 28, 1816. Of Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Martin, Joseph Blair. Born at Baltimore, 1800; brother of S. B. Mar- tin. Moved to Ohio when very young; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1823; Assistant Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, 1840+. Died at Baltimore, 1847. *Martin, Samuel Blair. 1810. Born at Baltimore, May, 1785. Studied medicine under Dr. James Smith, of Baltimore; attended the University of Pennsylvania, 1806 or 1807; Surgeon, Packet Ship "Rebecca," and taken prisoner by the British ; Surgeon, First Rifle Battalion of the Maryland Militia, 1814; captured at the Battle of Bladensburg; being released, took part in the Battle of North Point; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1838; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1851 ; Health Officer, Bal- timore; Surgeon to "Old Defenders." Died at Baltimore, Decem- ber 21, 1875. ♦Martindale, Samuel. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. See Treasurer's MS. book. Mason, Augustine S. 1890. Born in Stafford County, Va., January 25, 1834. Educated at Fredericksburg Academy; M.D., Medical College of Virginia, 1853; practiced at Falmouth and Fredericksburg till 1861 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; has practiced at Hagerstown since 1867. *Mason, John H. 1819. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1818. Of St. Mary's County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Massenburg, Richard C. 1897. Born at Hampton, Va., June 6, 1845. Educated at Hampton Military Academy; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1884 ; practices at Towson, Md. 491 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Mathews, William. i8oi (?). Arrived at Baltimore, 1799 (Q.). Surgeon's Mate, Thirty-fifth Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1810, Queen Anne's County (Q.)- See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Mathews, William P. Resided at Baltimore, 1802. Died at Ellicott's Mills, 1822 (Q.)- See Treasurer's book and lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. (A Mathews was licensed in 1822.) Matthews, Robert M. 1887. Born April 5, 1853; son of Joshua Matthews. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1886; Resident Phy- sician, Maryland General Hospital, 1886-87; practices at Gambrill's, Anne Arundel County, Md. *Mathieu, Ferdinand Charles. Born at Salingen, Prussia, 1849. Studied at Universities of Bonn and Wiirzburg; M.D., University of Bonn, 1868; settled at Baltimore, 1870. Died at Baltimore, Jan- uary 7, 1890. Maxwell, John. (There is a "Maxwell, John G., Del., 1819," Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania.) See list of 1848. *Maxwell, R. G. See list of 1848. (There is a "Maxwell, R. T., Del., 1840," University of Pennsylvania Catalogue; also same name. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., September 8, 1841 ; resigned, April 16, 1851 — Hammersley.) Maxwell, William Steele. 18B4. Born at Still Pond, Md., April 25, 1851. Educated at Reynolds' Classical School, Wilmington, Del.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873. Of Still Pond, Kent County, Md. *May, John Frederick. 1837. Born at Washington, D. C, 1812. M.D., Columbian College, Washington, 1834; studied at Paris; Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland (Trustees' School), 1837-39; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Columbian Col- lege, Washington, 1839; later, Professor of Surgery, Columbian College. Died at Washington, May i, 1891. *Maynadier, Henry. 1801 (?). Born in 1756. Surgeon in Revo- lution; at Battle of Brandywine extracted ball from leg of Lafay- ette. Died at Annapolis, Md., November 11, 1849. ^''Maynard, Clinton. 1879. M.D., University of Maryland, 1870. At Winchester, Va. (Polk's Directory, 1886-98). Died at Balti- more. 492 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Mayo, Robert. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1808. Of Rich- mond, Va. Died at Richmond, Va., about 1866. See list of 1848. McCabe, James D. 1836. Licensed as Dental Surgeon. See Treas- urer's book and list of 1848. *McCaffry, William. 1821. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822. See list of 1848. McCleary, Standish. 1894. Born at Baltimore, 1870. M.D., Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1890; Associate Pro- fessor of Pathology and Demonstrator of Histology and Path- ology, College of Physicians and Surgeons; present title, Associate Professor of Histology and Pathology. 1609 Linden Avenue, Balti- *McClellan, David Wentw^orth Boisseau. 1853. Born near Gettys- burg, Pa., 1796; son of William McClellan. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; practiced and taught school for some years at Timonium, Baltimore County, and later, 1837-54, practiced at Bal- timore ; Vaccine Physician, 1846 and 1853 ; also Dispensary Physi- cian. Died at Baltimore, May, 1854; unmarried. See list of 1853 and American, May 7, 1854. McComas, Henry W. 1892. Born at Oakland, Md. ; son of J. L. McComas. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; has practiced ever since at Oakland. McCoMAS, JosiAH Lee. 1881. Born at Baltimore, May 25, 1835. Educated at the High School and Newton University, Baltimore; pupil of Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar; graduated from the School of Design of Maryland Institute; M.D., University of Maryland, 1858; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-65; Vice-President and a Founder of the Pan-American Medical Congress ; Vice-President, Congress of Medico-Climatologists, World's Fair Exposition; Health Ofificer, Garrett County; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; resides at Oakland, Md. McCoNACHiE, Alexander Douglass. 1892. Born at Woodstock, On- tario, Canada, August 22, 1864. Educated at the Normal School, Toronto, Canada. D.D.S. and Medalist, University of Maryland, 1888 ; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1890 : Resident Physician, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospi- tal, Baltimore, 1891-92; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear 493 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Throat Hospital, 1892-1901, and Ophthalmic Surgeon, Bayview Hospital, 1892 — ; Associate Professor of Materia Medica, Maryland Medical College, 1901 — . 805 North Qiarles Street, Baltimore. McCoRMiCK, James Lux. 1891. Born near Napoleonville, La., August 18, 1857. Educated at Virginia Military Institute; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1884; practices at Trappe, Talbot County, Md. McCoRMiCK^ Thomas Pugh. 1886. Born in Louisiana, May 24, 1852. M.D., University of Maryland, 1877; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882-84. 1421 Eutaw Place, Baltimore. McCoRMicK, William H. Born in Fayette County, Pa., 1826. Pupil of Dr. Smith Fuller, of Uniontown, Pa.; M.D., Jefferson, 1854; began practice at Donegal, Ligonier Valley, Pa., 1849; came to Grantsville, Md., 1854, and to Cumberland, where he has ever since resided, in 1863; a Founder and President of the old Allegany County Medical Association; Vice-President, Alumni Association of Jefferson Medical College. See Trans., 1873. McCoy, Robert. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of Kent County, Md. See list of 1848. McCrae, Thomas. 1897. Born at Guelph, Ontario, 1870. A.B., 1891, and M.B., 1895, University of Toronto; Fellow in Biology, University of Toronto, 1892-94; M.R.C.S., England, and L.R.C.P., London, 1900; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1896- 1900; Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1900 — ; Instruc- tor in Medicine; Associate in Medicine, 1902 — . Address, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. *McCrea, James. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *McCuLL0UGH, Hugh. 1827. Not a graduate. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. '^McCuLLOUGH, James Haines, Jr. 1815 (?). Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1814; appointed from Mary- land Garrison Surgeon, U. S. A., July 7, 1814; w'ounded at the Battle of North Point, September 12, 1814; disbanded, April 24, 1816; Member of the Maryland Senate; Collector of the Port; author of "Researches, Philosophical and Antiquarian, Concerning 494 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the Aboriginal History of America," 8vo, Baltimore, 1829; "Evi- dences and Doctrine of the Christian Religion," 8vo, 1856. (There were several editions of the above — Q.) Died in 1836 (Q.). *McCuLLOUGH, J. Haines. 1889. Born at the homestead, near Rising Sun, Cecil County, Md., September 15, 1837; son of Williams M. McCullough. Educated at West Nottingham Academy, Md., and Tuscarora College, Pa. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861 ; spent a year at Baltimore Infirmary; located in practice at Rising Sun for two years, then at EUicott City for one year; returned to Cecil County, and resided at Woodlawn for three or four years; spent three or four years at Oakington, Harford County; after this settled permanently at Port Deposit, about 1873; Surgeon to the Railroad; had a large practice until his death. Died at Port Deposit, Md., July 5, 1889. McCuRDY, Ira Jay. 1896. Bom at York, Pa., 1869. A.B., New Windsor College; M.D., Bellevue, 1892; Surgeon, Pennsylvania Railroad; Secretary, Medical Society, Frederick County. Of Fred- erick City, Md. *McDaniel, William. 1833. Born at Washington, D. C, 1812. Studied medicine at Washington ; practiced at Prince Fredericktown, Calvert County, Md. ; not a graduate. Died in Calvert County, Md., 1886 (Q.). See Polk's Directory, 1886. McDevitt^ Edward P. Born at Baltimore, October 12, 1854. A.B., and A.M., Loyola College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875. 208 Aisquith Street, Baltimore. McDonald, Griffin. 1833. D.S. See list of 1848. McDonald, William Bartholow. 1898. Born at Clarksburg, Mont- gomery County, Md., August 15, 1873 ; son of Rev. W. A. McDonald. Educated at Randolph-Macon College, Virginia ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1897 ; Medical Examiner, Theta Conclave, Improved Order of Heptasophs ; Demonstrator of Minor Surgery, Baltimore ^Medical College. 1030 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. ]\IcDowell, Charles Corfield. 1877. Born at Waverly, New York, March 28, 1851. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1874; Attending Physician, University Hos- pital, 187s ; Physician to Aged Women's Home and Baltimore Orphan Asylum. 1521 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. 3- 495 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY McDowell, John B. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828 ("Md.") ; was present at the annual meeting of 1834. Of St. Louis, Mo. See list of 1848. *McDowELL, Maxwell. 1810. Born in 1771. A.M., Dickinson Col- lege, 1792; was practicing at York, Pa., 1804; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1810-11; M.D. (Honorary), Univer- sity of Maryland, 1818; Professor of Institutes of Medicine, University of Maryland, 1814-33; Dean, University of Maryland, 1820, 1825-27; Physician to St. Andrew's Society, 1826; Secretary, Bible Society, 1827; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1836-41. Died at Baltimore, 1847. McDowell William J. 1877. Born at Baltimore. Educated at Bal- timore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1874; Presi- dent, Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore, 1877-78; Sur- geon, Baltimore Eye and Ear Infirmary and Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1874-80; practiced for four- teen years at Jersey City. 811 North Carey Street, Baltimore. McElfresh, Charles Wesley. 1894. Born at Fairmont, Marion County, W. Va., May 30, 1866. Educated at Fairmont High School; pupil of Dr. John Reger; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Dispensary Physician, University of Maryland, 1889-90; Instructor in Clinical Medicine, 1902 — . 854 West Lombard Street, Baltimore. McElfresh, J. H. Born near Newmarket, Frederick County, Md. ; son of Henry McElfresh. Moved to Frederick City and gave up prac- tice. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *McElhinny, Gustavus. 1818. Born in Donegal County, Ireland, 1796. Practiced in Anne Arundel and Howard Counties ; resided at Elkridge Landing, Md. Died in Anne Arundel County, March 9, 1842. See lists of 1848 and 1853. McGann, John H. 1892. M.D., Baltimore University, 1890. 1134 East Lombard Street, Baltimore. McGee, Henry H. 1878. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, 1877. Of Baltimore. *McGiLL, Charles B. 1823. Born in Maryland. Brother of Thomas J. McGill (University of Maryland, 1834), of Jefferson, Frederick 496 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY County, Md. M.B., University of Maryland, 1823. See Treas- urer's receipt. *McGiLL, Wardlaw. 1874. Born in Frederick County, Md., May 22, 1846. Educated at Frederick City College; attended his first course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867 ; practiced at Cumberland, Md., for seven years ; health failed ; studied Eye, Ear and Throat Diseases under Dr. J. J. Chisolm, Baltimore; settled at Asheville, N. C, as specialist, and continued as such until his death, October 27, 1888. McGlannan, Alexius, Jr. 1898. Born at Baltimore, July 24, 1872. B.S., Calvert Hall, 1888; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1890 ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 189S ; Assistant Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1895-96; Assistant Resident Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, 1896-97; Physician to St. Elizabeth's Home for Children, 1897 — ; Associate Professor of Physiological Chemistry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Demonstrator of Physiology, 1898 — . 2005 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *McHenry, James. Born in County Antrim, North Ireland, November 16, 1753 ; arrived at Baltimore in 1771. Educated at Dublin and New- ark, Del.; pupil of Dr. Benjamin Rush; accompanied Washington to Cambridge; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., January, 1776; Surgeon, Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion, 1776; taken prisoner at Fort Wash- ington; exchanged, 1778; Private Secretary and Aide-de-camp to General Washington, 1778; on the Staff of Lafayette, rank of Major, 1780; Member of Maryland Legislature, 1787; Member of United States Constitutional Convention, 1787; Member of Maryland Sen- ate, 1781-86; Member of Congress, 1783-85; repeatedly elected to Maryland Legislature; Secretary of War, Washington's Cabinet, 1796-1801 ; President, Bible Society, 1812; Trustee of Baltimore City College, 1803 ; Fort McHenry was named after him ; through his efforts the United States Military Academy at West Point was established. Died at Baltimore, May 3, 1816. McIntosh, William Page. 1882. Born in Georgia, 1855. Special course at Johns Hopkins University, 1879; M.D., College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1882; Resident Physician, Mary- land Maternite and Bayview Asylum, 1883-85 ; Assistant Surgeon, November 14, 1885; Past Assistant Surgeon, November 21, 1888; Surgeon, May 20, 1899; special course in Biology and Hygiene, 497 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Washington, 1899; in charge of Marine Hospital Service, Mobile, Ala. ; Member of Yellow Fever Institute. *McKeehan, Samuel L. 1828. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1829 ("Pa."). Of Frost Town, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. McKenney, William N. 1836. Licensed Dental Surgeon. See list of 1848. *McKew, Dennis I. 1854. Born at Baltimore, November 5, 1829; son of Patrick McKew. A.B., 1848, and A.M., 1850, St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850 ; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1884. Died at Baltimore, February 10, 1885. McKnew^ Wilberforce Richmond. Born in Prince George County, Md., September 28, 1839; son of Thomas McKnew. Educated at Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1862; Assistant Surgeon, First Maryland Cavalry, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; Sur- geon, Maryland National Guard, Staff of General Herbert. 1401 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. *McKnight, George B. 1820. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D. ; ap- pointed from Pennsylvania Surgeon's Mate, U. S. A., First In- fantry, February 17, 1817; resigned, August i, 1818; Post Surgeon, October 13, 1820 ; Assistant Surgeon, June i, 1821 ; resigned, July i, 1824; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., May 16, 1829; Surgeon, Feb- ruary 20, 1838. Died May 13, 1857 (Hammersley). See list of 1848. *McLane, Allen. 1831-32. Born at Smyrna, Kent County, Del., 1785 ; son of Col. Allen McLane, U. S. A. Educated at Princeton College; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1811; began practice at New Castle, soon after removing to Wilmington, where he set- tled permanently ; served in the War of 1812 ; Mayor of Wilming- ton. Died at Wilmington, Del., 1845. *McLean, Charles. 1830. Born at Washington, D. C, 1808. M.D., Columbian College, District of Columbia, 1828 ; practiced at Toledo, O., and Baltimore ; also, for a short time, until 1867, at Cockeysville, Baltimore County ; retired from practice about 1875 ; Specialist in Orthopaedic Surgery. Died at Baltimore, August 17, 1883. 498 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *McMaster, James. 1808. Born near New Church, Accomac County, Va., June 23, 1784; son of Rev. Samuel McMaster (born in Scot- land, 1744; came to America, 1765; died 1811; Presbyterian Cler- gyman of Snow Hill, Md.). Educated at the Latin School, New Church. Died in Worcester County, Md., August 6, 181 1. (Grandchildren live at Hannibal, Mo.) *McNeill, Francis A. 1836. Not an M.D. Of Springfield, 111. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. *McPherson, John. 1801. Of Bryantown, Charles County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. McPherson, J. W. Of Pomonkey, Charles County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *McPherson, Richard W. 1826. L.M. Of Charles County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *McPherson, William. 1809. See Treasurer's book and Medical and Physical Recorder. (Quinan says Dr. Wm. McPherson died in Charles County in 1842, set. 56.) *McPherson, William Smith. Born in Adams County, Pa., March 4, 1792. Educated at Dickinson College; began practice at Fred- erick City, Md. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1817; removed to Baltimore, 1843. Died at Baltimore, November 20, 1879. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. McShane, James Francis. 1875. Born at Baltimore, Avigust 13, 1851. Educated at Loyola College and graduated from there, 1867; pupil of Dr. N. L. Dashiell; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; Vaccine Physician, 1872-74 and 1876-79; Assistant Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1879-92; Health Commissioner, 1892-97; Lecturer on Hygiene, Baltimore Medical College ; later, Associate Professor of Hygiene, Baltimore Medical College. 2 South Pat- terson Park Avenue, Baltimore. McSherry, Henry Clinton. 1881. Born at Baltimore, September i, 1851 ; son of Prof. R. McSherry. Educated at Loyola College ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; studied in Europe, 1874-75; Lecturer on the Throat and Chest, Spring Course, University of Maryland; Chief of Clinic, University of Maryland, 1877; a Founder and Professor of Diseases of the Throat and Chest, Baltimore 499 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Polyclinic and Post-graduate Medical School, 1884; Assistant Sur- geon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital; Surgeon, Balti- more Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. 612 North Howard Street, Baltimore. *McSherry, Richard. 1851. Born at Martinsburg, Va., November 21, 1817; son of Dr. R. McSherry. Educated at Georgetown College; attended lectures at the Universities of Maryland and Pennsylvania ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 184 1 ; Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A., 1841-42, serving in Florida War; Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon, U. S. N., 1842-51, serving in the Mexican War; resigned, 1851, and began practice at Baltimore; Lecturer on Materia Medica, Uni- versity of Maryland, 1862-63; Professor of Materia Medica, 1863-64; Professor of Practice, University of Maryland, 1864-85 ; a Founder, and the first President, Baltimore Academy of Medicine, 1877-79 5 Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1871-72 and 1882-83 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1883-84; President of the Maryland State Board of Health, 1884; author of "El P'uchero, or a Mixed Dish from Mexico," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1850; "Essays and Lectures," 8vo, Baltimore, 1869; "Health and How to Promote It," i2mo, New York, first edition, 1879; second edition, 1883. Died at Baltimore, October 7, 1885. Medcalfe, William H. 1853. M.D. ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1847-50. Of Baltimore; later, of Chicago. See list of 1853. Medders, Charles Hamilton. 1896. Born in Kent County, Md. ; son of Albert Medders. Educated at Schrew's Academy; courses in Pharmacy and Law ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1894 ; Resident Physician, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1894-95 ; Visiting Physician in Eye Diseases, Bayview Hospital ; Specialist in Eye and Ear Diseases. 317 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Meeteer, William H. 1854. Born near Newark, Del., November, 1824. Educated at Delaware College, Newark; M.D., Jefferson, 1847; located in practice the same year in Claiborne County, Miss. ; soon after removed tO' the County Seat, Port Gibson ; owing to the climate, returned to Delaware, 1850; attended Post-grad- uate Course at Jefferson ; settled at Chestertown, Kent County, Md., 1852; partner of Dr. P. Wroth; practiced at Chestertown for thirty years. Died at Chestertown, 1882. Meierhof, Edward Lee. 1882. Born at Philadelphia in i860; son of Meier Meierhof. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., Uni- 500 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versity of Maryland, 1881 ; studied with Dr. H. Knapp and in Eye and Ear Hospitals of New York, 1883-84; Professor of Ophthal- mology and Otology at Baltimore Medical College, 1884-85 ; removed to New York City, 1885; in 1897 at Berlin studying Otology; is on the Staff of Mount Sinai Hospital and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. 1140 Madison Avenue, New York. Mellus, Edward Lindon. 1898. Born in Minnesota. M.D., Jeffer- son, 1878; Fellow by Courtesy, in Anatomy, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. ID East Chase Street, Baltimore. *Mercer, William N. 1812. Born in Virginia. Lived in Maryland', later, at New Orleans; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1812; appointed from Virginia, Hospital Surgeon's Mate, May 18, 1813; Major and Surgeon of the Twenty-second Infantry, August 7, 1813; transferred to the Twenty-third Infantry, April 11, 1814, Hospital Surgeon, November 22, 1814; disbanded, June 15, 1815 ; reinstated as Post Surgeon, May 17, 1816; Assistant Surgeon, June I, 1821 ; resigned, July i, 1821 (Hammersley). Merrick, Samuel K. 1875. Born in Talbot County, Md., August 22, 1848. M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; Professor, Dis- eases of Nose, Throat and Chest, Baltimore Medical College; on Staff of Maryland General Hospital; practice limited to Nose, Throat and Chest. 843 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. Mereitt, James Black. 1898. Born at Odessa, Del., October 28, 1858. M.D., University of Vermont, 1879; Visiting Physician, Talbot County Almshouse; practices at Easton, Md. Merryman, Moses W. 1853. Born in the Eighth District of Balti- more County, Md., February 15, 1827; son of Micajah Merryman, Jr. Educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, graduating from there about 1847; pupil of Dr. S. Chew; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; practiced at Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 1850- 56; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1858-65; arrested in 1862 and confined in Fort McHenry for three weeks by the United States authorities ; shortly after removed to his native county, settling for practice at Black Run, near Cockeys- ville ; retired in 1882 and spent two years in Europe ; since 1895 has resided at Atlantic City; unmarried. See list of 1853. Messick, William Irvin. 1897. Born at Laurel, Del., June 16, 1869; son of Samuel C. Messick. AI.D., University of Maryland, 1895; 501 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Demonstrator of Pathology, Baltimore Medical College, 1895-96; Clinical Microscopist, University Hospital, three years ; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, and Visiting Physician for Gastro-intestinal Diseases, University Hospital. 639 West Dolphin Street, Balti- more. *Mettauer, John Peter. 1836. Born in Prince Edward County, Va., 1787; son of a French Surgeon who came to America with Lafay- ette. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809; commenced practice in 1809; Professor of Surgery, Washington College, Baltimore, 1835-37. "A man of scrupulous integrity, high tone, much culture and great gravity and dignity of manner." Died at "Worsham," Old Prince Edward Court House, Va., November 22, 1875. See list of 1848. *Mewburn, James. 1821. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Meyer, Charles H. 1892. Born at Bremen, Germany, October 27, i860. Educated at State School, Germany; came to Balti- more in 1876; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1881 ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1888; Medical Examiner, National Union and Shield of Honor. 1033 North Caroline Street, Balti- more. *MicHAEL, Jacob Edwin. 1875. Born at Michaelsville, Harford County, Md., May 13, 1848. Educated at St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville, Newark Academy, Del., and Princeton; A.B., Prince- ton, 1871 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873 ; studied at Wiirz- burg and Vienna, 1873-74; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1874-80; Professor of Anatomy, University of Mary- land, 1880-90; Professor of Obstetrics, 1890-95; Dean, University of Maryland, 1886-90 and 1893-95 ; Professor of Genito-urinary and Rectal Surgery, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; Editor of Mary- land Medical Journal; President of the Clinical Society and of Baltimore Medical Association; Vice-President, Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty, 1885-86 and 1888-89; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1895 ; President, Alumni Association, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1895 ; Lecturer on "Early Aid," Hospital Relief Association of Maryland ; President of Princeton Alumni Asso- ciation of Maryland. Died at Baltimore, December 7, 1895. MicHEAU, Ellis. 1892. Born at Baltimore, December 15, 1852. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1875 ; Vaccine 502 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Physician and Station House Surgeon, 1881-83. 411 South Sharp Street, Baltimore. *MiDDLET0Nj James. 1813. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1813 ; was an incorporator of the Medical Society of Maryland, Balti- more, 1817. Of Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, 1818. In list of 1848 marked dead. *MiLES, Benjamin Briscoe. Born in Baltimore County, Md., 1840. M.D., University of Maryland, 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-65; settled at Baltimore, 1869; Vaccine Physician, 1873; a Founder of Northeastern Clinical Association, 1876; President of Northeastern Clinical Association, 1877. Died at Baltimore, Febru- ary 8, 1878. *MiLES, Edward. 1826. Born about 1795-98; son of Nicholas Miles, a farmer. Read medicine under Dr. Jesse Jameson, near Bryan- town, Charles County, Md. ; attended medical lectures at Balti- more ; not a graduate ; practiced in Charles County, Md. ; lived to an old age; married three times. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Miles, Francis Turquand. Born near Charleston, S. C, about 1827. A.B., Charleston College; M.D., Medical College of South Caro- lina, 1849 ; Assistant Demonstrator, Demonstrator and Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Medical College of South Carolina ; Profes- sor of Physiological Anatomy, Medical College of South Carolina, i860; in the War of 1861, a private; later, Lieutenant; Captain of Infantry at Fort Sumter; in command of Fort Sumter for a short time; shot through the thigh in the Battle of Secessionville, near Charleston, 1862 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1865 ; resumed his chair in 1865 ; removed to Baltimore, 1868; Professor of Anatomy, Washington University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 1868-69 ; Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Professor of Nervous Diseases, University of Marj'land, 1869-80; Professor of Physiology, etc.. University of JNIaryland, 1880 — ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1874-75 and 1876-77 ; President, American Neuro- logical Association, 1880-82; Consulting Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital ; author of "Pepper's System of Medicine," and "Keating's Encyclopaedia of Children." 514 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Milholland, Edward Francis. 1878. Born at Baltimore, September 30, 1837. M.D., University of Maryland, 1858; Resident Physician, Baltimore Infirmary, 1860-64 ; practicing since then at Baltimore. 115 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. 503 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY MiLHOLLAND, Edward Vincent. 1897. Bom at Baltimore, November 17, 1873. A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore, 1892 ; A.M., Loyola Col- lege, 1895 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1895 ; Assistant in Path- ology and Demonstrator of Diseases of Throat and Nose, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1900 — ; Medical Examiner for Maryland, Knights of Columbus. 115 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Miller, Caspar O. 1890. M.D., University ol Virginia, 1887; Johns Hopkins Laboratory, 1887-91 ; Lecturer on Histology and Pathology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1889-91 ; Lecturer on Histol- ogy and Pathology, Baltimore Medical College ; Demonstrator of Normal and Pathological Histology, University of Maryland, 1891- 98; moved to Shenandoah County, Va., 1898. Miller, DeWitt Clinton R. 1895. Born in Washington County, Ma., December 26, 1866. A.B., Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., 1886; A.M., Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., 1889; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, i88g. Of Mason and Dixon, Pa. *MiLLER, Henry. 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Of Bal- timore. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Miller, James Henry. 1825. Born at Millerstown, Adams County, Pa., January 20, 1788. A.M., Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., 1808; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810; practiced at Gettysburg; moved to- Baltimore, 1825 ; Founder of Washington Medical Col- lege, Baltimore, 1827; Professor of Practice of Medicine, Wash- ington Medical College, 1827-32 ; Professor of Anatomy and Phy- siology, Washington Medical College, 1835-42; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 183 1 ; Attending Physician to the Alms- house, 1833; edited A. P. W. Phillip's work on "Nature and Cure of Diseases," etc., v^^ith notes, 8vo, Baltimore, 1831. DieH May 25, i8S3 (Q.). ^Miller, John. 1844. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1841. Of St. Michaels, Talbot County, Md. ; later, of Baltimore. Died about 1895. See lists of 1853 and 1873. Miller, Samuel. 1828. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1836. See Treasurer's MS. book and list of 1848. *Mtller, William C. Founder. 1799. In list of 1848 marked dead. (In the cemetery at West Nottingham Church, Cecil County, is this inscription: "William C. Miller, M.D., died October 3, 1826, 504 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY aged sixty-two years. He held a commission as Colonel in the late War and served in the Councils of his native State with use- fulness and integrity, and died deeply lamented by all who knew him." "Dr. Miller, of Cecil County," was a member of the Gen- eral Assembly of Maryland, 1804.) Miller, William. 1805 (?). Of Cecil County (American). (This may be the Founder, q. v.) Miller, William Preston. 1893. Born at Hagerstown. A.M. ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1887; M.D., Balti- more Medical College, 1892; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1894; Assistant Resident Phj^sician, Maryland General Hospital, 1894-95; Lecturer on Pathology, Baltimore Medical College, 1897-98; has resided at Hagerstown, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and now resides at 801 Poplar Street, Wilmington, Del. MiLLiMAN, Thomas A. 1892. Born at Baltimore, October 9, 1859. Graduated from St. Mary's College, Wilmington, Del., 1877; in business at Baltimore eleven years; M.D., Baltimore University, 1888. 2607 York Road, Baltimore. Mills, Edward. L.M. Of Charles County, Md. See lists of 1853 ^^^ 1873. (This may be Miles, Edward, q. v.) Mills, James J. 1897. Born at Derby, England, 1863. Lived in Vir- ginia since childhood; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1889; has spent several summers in Europe attending the clinics at London and Paris; since 1891, Assistant in Ophthalmology and Otology, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary; Visiting Oculist to Bayview Hospital, 1899 ; practice limited to the Eye and Ear. 853 Park Avenue, Baltimore. MiLTENBERGER, George Warner. 1842. Born at Baltimore, March 17, 1819; son of Gen. Anthony Felix Wybert Miltenberger. Educated at Boisseau Academy and the University of Virginia; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1840; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1840-52 ; President of the Alumni Association, 1844-45 and 1880-81 ; Vaccine Physician, 1846 ; Attending Surgeon, Balti- more Infirmary, 1847-58 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1849; Professor of Materia Medica and Pathological Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1852-58; Dean, University of Maryland, 1855-69; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1855-56; Professor of Obstetrics, University of Maryland, 1858-91 ; Emeritus 505 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor and Honorary President of the Faculty, University of Maryland, 1891 — ; President, Baltimore Obstetrical and Gynaeco- logical Society, 1885-86; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1886-87; Consulting Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital. 319 West Monument Street, Baltimore. *MiTCHELL, Abraham. Founder. 1799. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., 1734. Settled at Elkton, Md., about 1759; there he engaged in practice and also purchased lands and devoted himself to their successful cultivation ; his practice extended through three coun- ties; during the Revolution he converted his residence at Elkton into a temporary hospital for American soldiers, and gave pro- fessional service to the cause; married Mary, daughter of Dr. Ephraim Thompson, November 19, 1772. Died at Fair Hill, Cecil County, September 30, 1817. (The father of Col. George E. Mitchell, q. v.) *MiTCHELL, Alexander. 1801 (?). Born in Scotland, 1768. Of Cecil County, Md. Died at Bkdensburg, Md., September 28, 1804. ^Mitchell, Charles H. 1893. Born in Baltimore County, Md., July 29, 1857. Educated at Milton Academy; pupil of Dr. B. R. Benson; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1879; Sanitary Officer, Baltimore County, 1886-88; Examining Phy- sician, Shield of Honor. Died at Hampden, Baltimore, July 22, Mitchell, Charles Wellman. 1892. Born at Baltimore, February 4, 1859. A.B., Princeton, 1879 ; later, A.M. ; pupil of Dr. J. E. Michael ; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1881 ; Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1885- 88; Lecturer on Pathology, University of Maryland, 1888-93; Pro- fessor of Diseases of Children, Woman's Medical College, Balti- more, 1893-94; President of the Medical Society, Univarsity of Maryland, 1894-95 ; Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland, 1893 — ; Professor of Materia Medica, University of Maryland, 1896-97 ; Professor of the Diseases of Children, Univer- sity of Maryland, 1897 — ; Dean, University of Maryland, 1897-1900; Visiting Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary. 211 West Madi- son Street, Baltimore. *Mitchell, George Edward. 1805 (?). Born in Cecil County, Md., March 3, 1781 ; son and pupil of Dr. A. Mitchell, Founder, and his partner in practice. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1805; 506 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1808-09; Member of the Executive Council and President of it, 1809-12; appointed JMajor of the Third Artillery, May i, 1812; raised a company of Volunteers in Cecil County; Lieutenant-Colonel, March 3, 1813; Brevet Colonel, August 14, 1814 ("for gallantry") ; resigned from U. S. A., 1821; Member of Congress, 1822-27, 1829-32. Physician, patriot, soldier, statesman ; a friend of Lafayette. Died at Washing- ton, D. C, June 28, 1832. ^Mitchell, James E. About 1872. Born at West River, Md., Feb- ruary 20, 1843. A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore, 1863; pupil of Dr. F. Donaldson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; at Belle- vue Hospital, New York, 1865-66; began practice at Baltimore, 1866; owing to ill health, gave up work in 1870 and went to Europe. Died at Baltimore, November 7, 1873 (Trans., 1874). Mitchell, Rufus K. 1813. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. See list of 1848. Mitchell, S. Weir. Honorary. 1878. Born at Philadelphia, February 15, 1829; son of Dr. J. K. Mitchell. Educated at the University of Pennsylvania; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1850; LL.D., Har- vard, 1886; Physician to the Southern Dispensary, 1856; Physician to St. Joseph's Hospital, 1858; Sanitary Inspector, U. S. A.; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1863; Physician to the Presbyterian Hospital, 1872; Physician to the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, 1872; Consulting Physician, State Lying-in Hospital and Infinnary, 1872; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1877; Physician to the Insane Department of the Phila- delphia Hospital, 1884; Vice-President, College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 1884-86; President, College of Physicians, 1886-89; President, American Association of Physicians, 1886; author of "On Injuries of the Nerves and their Consequences," 4to, Phila- delphia, 1872; "Fat and Blood," etc., second edition, Philadelphia, 1877, and many other works, both medical and non-medical, too numerous to mention. Physician, poet, novelist. MiTNicK, Jacob H. 1891. Born at Golding, Courland, Russia, Sep- tember 7, 1856. Educated at Sadler's Business College; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890 ; took special courses, Johns Hop- kins Hospital; Vaccine Physician, two years; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1898. 526 North Calhoun Street, Baltimore. ^loALE, William A. 1880. Born at Baltimore, April 7, 1849. Edu- cated at the Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Mary- 507 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land, 1879; Surgeon, Northwestern Special Dispensary, 1884; Vis- iting Physician, Bayview Asylum; Professor of Orthopaedic Sur- gery, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; retired from practice; joint author with Prof. H. Newell Martin of "Handbook of Vertebrate Dissection." 1108 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *MoBERLEY, Eldred W. 1824. Born January 3, 1803. Pupil of Dr. Wm. Bradley Tyler; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1824; married daughter of Dr. Belt Brashear; practiced for sixty years. Died at Newmarket, Md., September 24, 1887. See list of 1848. *MoNKUR, John Cavendish Smith. 1829. Born at Baltimore, 1800. Pupil of Dr. Stevenson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; had a private medical school for some years ; Professor of Practice of Medicine, Washington College, Baltimore, 1831-52. Died at Baltimore, January 21, 1867. '^MoNMONiER, John Francis. 1849. Born at Baltimore, April 4, 1813; son of F. W. Monmonier. Educated at St. Mary's College, Balti- more ; student in the private anatomical school of Dr. Duncan Turn- bull; M.D., University of Maryland, 1834; Member of the City Council of Baltimore, 1836-37 and 1840-47; School Commissioner, 1836-52, and for several years President of the School Board ; Phy- sician to the Board of Health, 1849-51; Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1854-77; assisted in the reorganization of Washington University School of Medicine of Baltimore, 1867; Professor of Physiology, Washington Universfty School of Medicine, 1867-75 ; Orator, Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1871 ; Professor of Diseases of Women and Children, Washington University School of Medicine, 1875-77; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1875-76; President of the Baltimore Medical Association, 1880-81. Died at Baltimore, June 8, 1894. *Monmonier, John N. 1874. Born in Maryland; son of la3t-named. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1858; Private, C. S. A., 1861 ; later. Surgeon to a Louisiana Regiment ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Washington University, Baltimore, 1867; Professor of Anatomy, 1867-74; Professor of Operative and Clinical Surgery, 1874-77; Physician to French Society of Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, June 11, 1896. Monmonier, Joseph Carroll. 1877. Born at Baltimore, March i, 1847; son of Francis Monmonier. In 1852 moved to Wetheredville, now S08 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dickeyville, Baltimore County, Md., where he has since resided; educated at Rock Hill and Loyola Colleges ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; in active practice since; Member of Legislature; Sanitary Inspector of Baltimore County. *MoNROE, Thomas J. C. 1820. Born in Virginia. Appointed from Ohio, Surgeon's Mate, U. S. A., Sixth Infantry, September 12, 181 1; resigned, January 20, 1812; Garrison Surgeon's Mate, April 29, 1814; disbanded, June 15, 1815 ; Post Surgeon, April 29, 1816; Assistant Surgeon, June i, 1821. Died October 23, 1839. See list of 1848. *MoNROE, William Robert. Born in Prince George County, Md., 1821. M.D., Washington University, 1849; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1850-52; a Founder and Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Hygiene, Baltimore Medical College, 1881-84; Professor of Hygiene, 1884-85; Dean, 1882-84; Presbyter, M. E. Church. Died at Baltimore, February 13, 1894. ^Montgomery, James. 1817. Born in Harford County, 1790. Served in Fourth Cavalry Regiment, War of 1812; "Old Defender;" M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Censor, Harford County, Md., 1840. Died at Baltimore, April 11, 1878. ♦Montgomery^ William T. Born in Harford County, Md., 1831 (?); only son of Dr. James Montgomery. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1851; practiced in Harford County; Assistant Surgeon, First Maryland Regiment, C. S. A., 1861 ; later, Surgeon and Brigade Surgeon. Died at Shrewsbury, Pa., September i, 1881. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *MooN, Thomas Robert. Of Talbot County, Md., 1816. Moore, James R. 1822. Of Baltimore County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and Trans., 1857. *Moore, Robert. 1801 (?). Not an M.D. Attending Physician, Balti- more General Dispensary, 1805; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1820-26. Of Baltimore; later, of Easton, Talbot County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; in latter credited to Philadelphia. Moore, T. Jefferson. 1826. M.D. See list of 1848. *MooRES, Daniel. Founder. 1799. Born in Harford County, Md., 1745 (?). Pupil of John Archer, M.B. ; M.D., University of Edin- 509 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY burgh, 1787 (Thesis, "De Febre Remittente Marilandije"j ; Presi- dent of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh ; practiced for a time in Harford County; later, at Baltimore. Died 'at Baltmiore, 1802, of yellow fever; interred at Rock Spring Episcopal Cemetery, near Bel Air, Harford County, Md. (His great-nephew. Dr. S. Lee Moores, lives at Finksburg, Carroll County, Md.) *MooRES, Samuel Lee. 1812. Born near Bel Air, Harford County, Md., December 5, 1790; son of John Moores. ("Attended lectures at Pennsylvania Medical College, 181 1, and graduated M.D. at Medi- cal College, Baltimore, November 2, 1812. Died near Long Green, Baltimore County, Md., November 21, 1854" — Dr. S. L. M., 1902.) Moores, Samuel Lee. Born at Long Green, Baltimore County, Md., October 12, 1830; son of Dr. S. L. Moores. Educated at Bel Air Academy, Harford County, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852. Of Baltimore County, Md., now of Finksburg, Carroll County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. ^Moorman, John J. 1877. Honorary. 1879. Born in Bedford County, Va., January, 1802. Said to have been M.D. at a Philadelphia college (name not in the Catalogue of the University of Pennsyl- vania or of Jefferson) ; for over fifty years Resident Physician to Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs, Va. ; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene, Washington University, Baltimore, 1867-72; author of "Mineral Springs of North America," several editions, the last being Philadelphia, 1873 (the first edition under the title of "Virginia Springs," 1846). Died in Virginia, January 18, 1885. *Moran, John J. 1858. Born in 1820. M.D., University of Maryland, 1845 ; practiced at Bladensburg, and later at Baltimore ; attended Edgar A. Poe in his last illness. Of Falls Church, Va., 1886. Died at Baltimore, December 13, 1888, xt. 68. MoRAN, Pedro de Serquira. 1891. M.D., University of Maryland ("Va."), 1887; resided several years at Baltimore, then moved to Washington. 201 1 G Street N. W., Washington, D. C. *Morawetz, Leopold Franz. 1849. Born at Raudnitz, Bohemia, Austria, December 2, 1818. Graduated in literature from the Uni- versity of Prague ; studied medicine at the Universities of Prague and Vienna; Med. Dr., University of Vienna, 1844; Chir. Dr., University of Vienna, 1845 ; Obstet. Magister, University of 510 PEREGRINE WROTH 1 786- 1879. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Vienna, 1844; resided at Vienna for eight years; Assistant Vienna Allgemeine^ Krankenhaus ; settled at Baltimore, 1849, and practiced there till his death. Died at Baltimore, October 26, 1892. *MoRGAN, Gerard Edwin. 1853. Born at Harrisonburg, Va., January 7, 1828; son of Rev. Gerard Morgan. Removed to Baltimore; pupil of Dr. G. C. M. Roberts; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1852; Vaccine Physician, 1853-54 and 1859-60; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Volunteers, 1861 ; Assistant Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1862-65; Commissioner, 1865-67; a Founder of Baltimore Medical Association, 1866, and the first President, 1866-67; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1874. Died at Balti- more, December i, 1874. Morgan, Wilbur Phelps. Born in Jefferson County, W. Va., February 25, 1841 ; son of Rev. Nicholas John Brown Morgan, D.D. M.D., University of Maryland, 1862; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-63; Surgeon, Ninth Maryland Regiment, 1863; Assistant Sur- geon, Board of Enrollment, Third and Fifth Districts, 1864. 315 West Monument Street, Baltimore. Morgan, William T. 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1833. Of Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *MoRisoN, Robert Brown. 1875. Born at Baltimore, March 13, 1853; son of Nathaniel Morison, Provost of the Peabody Institute. M.D., University of Maryland, 1874 ; studied at Vienna ; Lecturer in the Spring Course, University of Maryland, 1877; Physician to the Union Protestant Infirmary, 1882; Physician to St. George's Society, 1883 Lecturer on Dermatology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore Professor of Dermatology and Syphilis, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884 Dermatologist, Johns Plopkins Hospital and Dispensary, 1889-93 President, American Dermatological Association, 1893 ; Specialist in Dermatology. Died September 30, 1897. Morris, John. 1845. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., February 6, 1824. Educated at Lancaster Academy ; settled at Baltimore, 1841 ; pupil of Drs. F. E. B. Hintze and S. Annan ; one course at Wash- ington College, Baltimore, 1845-46; Licentiate Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty of Maryland (by examination), 1845; L.M., Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ; Member of the Legislature of Maryland, 1852-56; Member of the School Board of Baltimore, 1856-57; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1854; Post- master of Baltimore, 1857-61; Member of the City Council, 1867; 33 511 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY M.D. (Honorary), Bellevue Medical College, New York, 1868; President, Pathological Society of Baltimore, 1868 and 1872 ; Presi- dent Maryland Inebriate Asylum, 1875-77; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society, 1874-75 i President, Baltimore Medi- cal Association, 1879; Vice-President, American Medical Associa- tion, 1879; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Mary- land, 1888-89; President of the Lunacy Commission of Maryland; President of the Maryland State Board of Health; President oi the Pennsylvania and Maryland Medical Society. Dr. Morris volunteered his services during the terrible epidemic of yellow fever in Norfolk in 1855, where he was himself stricken with the disease, recovering only after a tedious illness. He has a gold medal commemorative of this fact, presented by the citizens of Norfolk. 118 East Franklin Street, Baltimore. Morris, John Norfolk. 1898. Born at Baltimore, June 24, 1872; son of Dr. J. Morris. Edvicated at Deichmann's School ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1893 ; Resident Physician, Elwyn Institute for Feeble-minded Children, 1895 ; Resident Physician, State Asylum for the Insane, Morris Plains, N. J., 1896; Resident Physician, Font Hill Asylum for Feeble-minded Children, Maryland, 1897; Resident •Physician, Springfield Asylum for the Insane, Sykesville, Md., 1898—. Morris, Josiah. 1816. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Louisiana. See list of 1848. Morris, Louis W. 1898. Born at Princess Anne, Md., October 16, 1863; son of Dr. L. W. Morris, of Salisbury. M.D., University of Maryland, 1885 ; practices at Salisbury, Md. ^Morrison, Maurice. 1831. Born in Maryland, 1807. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1831. Of Buenos Ayres. A brilliant surgeon. Died at Havana, Cuba, September 14, 1842. Morrison, William B. 1899. Born at Williamsport, Md., May 8, 1866. In the drug business, 1883-92; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1895; Physician to Washington County Jail, 1895 — ; Vaccine Physician to Hagers- town, 1895—; Medical Examiner, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company ; Surgeon, Maryland Division of the Sons of Veterans, 1898 — •; Surgeon to Norfolk and Western Railroad; resides at Hagerstown, Md. MosEXEY, William Edward. 1875. Born at Petersham, Mass., May 22, 1848. Educated at Antioch (O.) College; M.D., Harvard 512 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY University, 1874; settled for practice at Baltimore, 1874; on the staff of the Woman's Hospital, New York, 1881-82; Gynaecologist to the Union Protestant Infirmary ; President of the Clinical So- ciety of Maryland; President of the Gynaecological and Obstetrical Society of Baltimore; President of the Harvard Club of Mary- land ; President of the Alumni Association of the Woman's Hos- pital, New York; Professor of the Diseases of Women and Chil- dren, Baltimore Medical College, 1897 — ; Gynaecologist, Maryland General Hospital. 301 West Monument Street, Baltimore. *MosHER, William. 1823. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823 ; repre- sented Allegany County in American Medical Association, 1848. Of Baltimore Count}, Md. See list of 1848. MossMAN, James. 1819. Of Hagerstown, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. MoTTER, George Troxell. 1898. Born at Emmitsburg, Md., April 5, 1842. A.B., Dickinson College, 1862; A.M., Dickinson College, 1865 ; attended Bellevue Medical College, New York, and Univer- sity of Nashville, Tenn. ; M.D., University of Nashville, Tenn., 1865 ; Medical Cadet and Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1864-65 ; has practiced at Taneytown, Md., since 1866. MouNTZ, John W. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of Allegany County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. MoYER, Frank G. 1886. Born at Easton, Pa., November 25, 1858. Attended Washington University and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1881. 1 119 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. *MuDD, Jerome Taylor. 1828. Born at Somerset, O. Pupil of his uncle (Dr. Jerome Mudd, of Cincinnati, O.) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828 ("D. C") ; gave up medicine early and became a merchant at Washington, D. C. See list of 1848. Muller, John R. 1853. M.D., University of Maryland, 1852. Of Bal- timore. See list of 1853. Muncaster, Steuart B. 1892. Born at Georgetown, D. C, Septem- ber 16, 1857. M.D., Georgetown University, 1885. Of Washing- ton, D. C. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY MuNOz, Edward A. 1894. Born in Cuba, March 21, 1863. Educated at Georgetown and Baltimore City Colleges ; Ph.G., Maryland Col- lege of Pharmacy, 1889; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892 ; Lecturer on Histology and Hygiene, Baltimore University; Professor of Chemistry, Baltimore University, 1897; Captain, Fifth Regiment, M. N. G., 1896 — ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary. 1801 Guilford Avenue, Baltimore. MuNROE, Thomas. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831 ("Fla.") ; resided at Rushville, 111. (Polk's Directory, 1886-90). See list of 1848. Murdoch, Russell. 1890. Born at Baltimore, February 12, 1839. Educated at Edinburgh University, 1856-59; M.D., University of Virginia, 1861 ; Resident Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1861 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, iSbi-62; Sur- geon, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; Clinical Lecturer, Diseases of the Eye and Ear, University of Maryland, 1868-69; Attending Surgeon, Balti- more Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1882 — ; Professor of the Dis- eases of the Eye and Ear, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1884-87; Specialist in Eye and Ear Diseases. 410 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. ^Murdoch, Thomas Fridge. Born at Baltimore, May 9, 1829. Edu- cated at Lawrenceville (N. J.) High School; A.B., Princeton 1847; A.M., 1850; pupil of Dr. Thomas H. Buckler; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1850; in Europe, 1850-52; Diploma of Dub- lin Lying-in Hospital ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1855-58; Vaccine Physician, 1853-67; Attending Physi- cian, House of Refuge, for twenty years ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-65 ; Surgeon, Board of Enrollment of the Third Congressional District, 1862-65 ; President, Academy of Medicine ; Vice-President, Gynaecological and Obstetrical Society of Baltimore; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1877. Died at Baltimore, February 18, 1901. Murphy, Francis P. 1892. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1885. Of Baltimore. Last notice in Baltimore Directory is in 1893. *MuRPHY, Thomas L. 1827. Born at Baltimore. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Physician to the Hibernian Society; Edited Repub- lican and Argus; performed the first ovariotomy at Baltimore, in 1848, on a Mr's. Reeside, a teacher in the public schools. She con- tinued to teach after that for thirty years. The operation was done MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY in South Baltimore. Shortly after, Dr. Murphy retired from practice and spent the remainder of his life in Cecil County, marry- ing the mother of Senator Cresswell ; left no children. He never operated a second time. Died at Port Deposit, Md. (Dr. John Morris). See lists of 1848 and 1853. *MuRRAY, James. Founder. 1799. Born in 1739. Said to have attended College of Philadelphia; went to Edinburgh in 1775, and was there educated in literature and medicine ; returned to Mary- land in 1769, and practiced here until his death; Surgeon, 1777- 80 ; Hospital Surgeon at "Medical Shop," Annapolis, 1780-82 (Q.). He was the leading physician of Annapolis and the pre- ceptor of many physicians who rose to eminence. Died at Anna- polis, December 17, 1819. (See Murray, William.) Murray, Robert J. 1896. Born at Baltimore, September 24, 1870. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1895 ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore. 510 North Fremont Avenue, Baltimore. Murray, Robert. 1853. Born in Howard County, Md. M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1843 ; appointed from Maryland, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., June 29, 1846; Major and Surgeon, June 23, i860; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, March 13, 1865, for faithful and meritorious service during the War; Lieutenant- Colonel; Assistant Medical Purveyor, July 28, 1866; Surgeon- General, November 23, 1883 ; retired, 1886, and resides at Elkridge, Howard County, Md. See list of 1853 and Trans., 1858. Murray, T. Morris. 1876. M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; prac- ticed some years at Baltimore ; later, removed to Washington ; Professor of Physical Diagnosis, Laryngology and Rhinology, Georgetown University; Specialist in Diseases of Throat, Washing- ton, D. C. *MuRRAY, William. Founder. 1799. Born ;bout 1751. Pupil and partner of his brother (James Murray) ; removed from Annapolis about 1799 to West River, Md., where he practiced. See lists of 1807 and 1848. (Drs. James and William Murray were sons of Dr. William Murray, a native of Scotland; born 1708; came to Barbadoes Island in 1716; was educated there as physician; came to Chestertown, Kent County, Md., about 1735 ; practiced and died there, 1769.) Murray, William Wilkinson. 1875. Born in Southampton County, Va. Educated at the University of Virginia ; Licentiate Rotunda MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Lying-in Hospital, Dublin, 1868; M.D., Queen's University, Dublin, 1869; began practice at Norfolk, 1870; removed to Balti- more, 1871 ; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1872-74; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Society, 1878-79; removed to Suf- folk, Nansemond County, Va., where he now resides. *MuKR0W, Benjamin. Founder. 1799. Censor in the first decade. Of Allegany County, Md. (There was a Dr. David Murrow who was Surgeon of Colonel's Hall's Maryland Battalion in 1776.) Muse, Bernard Purcell. 1898. Born in Essex County, Va., Janu- ary 23, 1868. Educated at Baltimore City College; pupil of Dr. J. G. Wiltshire ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more, 1888 ; Resident Physician, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1888; practiced in Greenbrier County, W. Va., 1888-91; Demonstrator of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1892-93; Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore University, 1894-95 ; Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, Balti- more University, 1895-98; Professor of Obstetrics, Maryland Med- ical College, 1898 — ; Physician, Baptist Orphanage and Dispensary of the Nursery and Child's Hospital ; Examiner, Improved Order of Heptasophs. 1002 Edmondson Avenue, Baltimore. Muse, Joseph Ennalls. 1899. Born at New Orleans, La., December 14, 1862. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1898; Chief Dispen- sary, Maryland Medical College, 1899. 855 Columbia Avenue, Baltimore. *Myers, John J. 1829. Born at Baltimore, January 23, 1807. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1828; located for practice at Carlisle, Pa. ; Surgeon to United States Barracks, Carlisle ; about 1841, moved from Carlisle to Pittsburg, Pa., where he practiced and was Surgeon to the United States Marine Hospital. Died at Win- chester, Va., August 24, 1854. See list of 1848, Nairn, John Charles. 1833. M.D. and Gold Medalist, University of Maryland, 1835. Of Maryland. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Naylor, Henry Louis. 1898. Born in Prince George County, Md., September 20, 1839. Educated at Dickinson College ; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, i860 ; practiced in Prince George County, 1860-64 ; since that at Pikesville, Baltimore County, Md. ; Phy- sician to Baltimore County Almshouse. 516 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *NealEj Bennett Aloysius. Born at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md., March 6, 1815. Educated at Georgetown College; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1838; practiced in Charles County until within two years of his death. Died at Baltimore, February 13, 1878. Neale, Benoni. Of Louisiana. See list of 1848. *Neale, Francis. 1825. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; Censor, Charles County, Md., 1840. See list of 1848. Neale^ Leonard Ernest. 1881. Born at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md., December 17, 1858; son of Dr. B. A. Neale. Educated at Loyola College and Johns Hopkins University; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1881 ; continued studies at New York, Philadelphia, Paris and Vienna, 1881-83 ; Demonstrator of Obstetrics and Chief of Obstetrical Clinic, University of Maryland, 1883-91 ; Physician to St. Agnes Hospital ; Lecturer on Obstetrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1892-93; Professor of Obstet- rics, 1893-96; Professor of Obstetrics, University of Maryland, 1896 — ; Consulting Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital; Translator of Pinard's "Abdominal Palpation." 108 East Read Street, Baltimore. *Neale, Robert. 1853. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1825. Lived and died in St. Mary's County, Md. Neale, Stephen L. D. About 1872. M.D., University of Maryland, 1870. *Neale, William. 1801. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Neff, John. 1874. Born at Frostburg, Md., February 11, 1832. A.M., Allegany College, Pennsylvania ; M.D., University Medical College, New York, 1858 ; Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1863-67 ; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1878-79. 701 North Carrollton Avenue, Baltimore. *Neill, John. Founder. 1799. Born at Lewes, Del., June 3, 1749; son of John Neill, a Scotch emigrant and lawyer. A strong Whig in the Revolution ; Member of the Board of Examiners of the Eastern Shore ; practiced at Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., where he died, June, 1816. His sen, Henry Neill (M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1807), practiced at Snow Hill, moved to Philadelphia and became Vice-President of the College of Phy- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY sicians, and died at Philadelphia, October 7, 1845, aged 62. (The author of Neill and Smith's "Compend" [John Neill] was a grand- son.) *Nelson, Arthur. 1812. Appointed from Maryland Surgeon's Mate, Eighth Infantry, October 31, 1817; resigned, May i, 1818 (Ham- mersley). Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853- *Nelson, John. 1801 (?). Surgeon, Sixth Regiment, Maryland Line, 1777-78; married Catherine Washington, of Virginia. Died at Frederick, Md., 1806. Nelson, Nathan, 1875. "Of Frederick County, Md. ;" "of Mo." (There is a "Nelson, N.," at Princeton, Mercer County, Mo., in Polk's Directory, i8go.) Newcomb, Arthur T. 1899. Born at Killawog, N. Y., December 8, 1870. Educated at Homer (N. Y.) Academy and at Cortland Normal School ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1893 ; took Post- graduate Courses at the Johns Hopkins and University of Chicago ; Physician, U. S. Interior Department, Fort Mojave, Ariz., 1894-98; practices at Pasadena, Cal. *Newman, Robert. 1816. Of Cumberland, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *NiBL0CK, S. 1816. Of Pennsylvania. See list of 1848. *Nicholas, Joseph. Of Dorchester County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Nickerson, William M. 1877. Born at Camden, Kent County, Del., October 6, 1844. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1867; As- sistant Surgeon, U. S. N., March 2, 1867; retired. May 15, 1874; practiced at Brooklyn, N. Y., for several years ; removed to Balti- more, 1875 ; removed to Colorado in 1890 on account of his health ; has practiced ever since at Denver. 303 California Building, Sev- enteenth and California Streets, Denver. NiHiSER, WiNTON M. 1890. Bom at Seymoursville, Grant County, W. Va., April 9, 1859. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1882, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, Nevi^ York, 1885; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1894- 95; President, Washington County Medical Society, 1899; Health S18 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Officer and Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; President, Board of Pension Examining Surgeons ; practices at Keedysville, Md. Noble, William H. 1884. Born in Cecil County, Md. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1883 ; practiced a year or two in Cecil, then removed to Philadelphia, where he now resides. *NoEL, Henry Reginald. Born in Essex County, Va., 1836. Educated at Fleetwood Academy and the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Virginia, 1858; spent a year in the Baltimore Alms- house; settled at Baltimore; Surgeon, Sixtieth Virginia Infantry, and Division Surgeon to Wharton's Division, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; resumed practice at Baltimore ; Professor of Physiology and Path- ology, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1867+ ; Professor of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1873-75. Died in Essex County, Va., January 23, 1878. *NoEL, Perry Eccleston. Founder. 1799. Born in Maryland, 1768. Classically educated; studied under eminent physician in Mary- land; M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1794 (Thesis, "De Angina Tracheal!"); married in 1795 to Sarah Nicholson; Physician to Queen Anne's County Almshouse, 1804; Member of the Town Council, Centerville, 1809. Died at Centerville, Queen Anne's County, October 14, 1813 (leaving a wife and children). (Mr. J. B. Noel Wyatt, a grandson, an architect of Baltimore, has a pencil profile of Dr. Noel, indicating a robust, handsome, middle-aged man with abundant light hair, blue eyes, large nostrils, without wig, clean-shaven face, well formed, regular features, rather thick lips, old-fashioned coat with high collar and white neck scarf — a frank, sociable, amiable countenance.) NoLEN, Charles Frederick. 1892. Born at Baltimore, May 5, 1869. Educated at Marston's School ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1890-91; Attending Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1892 — ; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1894 — ; Specialist in Diseases of the Eye, Ear and Throat. 114 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Nolte, Henry William. 1899. Born at Newark, N. J., June 2, 1870. Educated at Newark High School; Ph.G., New York College of Pharmacy, 1890; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1898; Assist- ant Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1898-99. 53 Walnut Street, Newark, N. J. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *NoRDMANN, Frederick R. 1896. Born at Baltimore, Md., January 29, 1859. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1879; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1884; Resident Physician, Maternite and Bayview Asylum, each two years; Assistant Resi- dent Physician, Quarantine Hospital. Died at Baltimore, October 22, 1902 (from suicide). NoRMENT, Richard Baxter. 1893. Born in District of Columbia, November 14, 1858. A.B., Western Maryland College, 1876; A.M., 1880; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880. 3543 Chestnut Avenue, Baltimore. NoRRXs, Amanda Taylor. 1886. Born in Harford County, Md., 1849. Educated at Carroll County School; M.D., Woman's Medical Col- lege of Pennsylvania, 1880 ; studied in the Woman's Hospital and Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, and the Children's Hospital, Staten Island ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical Col- lege ; Assistant in the Throat and Chest Clinic, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882-84; Lecturer on Materia Medica, Woman's Medical College, 1884-86; Professor of Materia Medica, 1886-91; Professor of Practical Obstetrics, 1891-94; Physician to Female House of Refuge and Good Samaritan Hospital ; practiced at Balti- more for eighteen years ; then at Long Green, Baltimore County. The first woman doctor in Baltimore who had a diploma from a regular college. Present address (1902), 1035 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. NoRRis, George Dashiels. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1831. Of Maryland ; removed to Newmarket, Madison County, Ala. See Polk's Directory, 1886 and 1890, and list of 1848. Norris, Milton D. 1893. Born at Baltimore, December 25, 1871. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892 ; Assistant Physician, Spring Grove Asylum, 1892-96, and Assistant Superintendent, Second Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Sykesville, i896-'98; Acting Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. A., Spanish- American War, 1898-99; since that in prac- tice at Eldersburg, Carroll County, Md. NoRRis, Philip N. 1832. M.D. See list of 1848. *NoRRis, William H. 1890. Born in Carroll County, Md. 1829. Educated at Oxford College, Ohio; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853; Vaccine Physician, 1855-61 and 1873; Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861- 65 ; Resident Physician, Eastern Dispensary, 1880-92 ; Medical 520 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Director, G. A. R., 1882; President, Medical and Surgical Society and Clinical Society of Maryland. Died at Baltimore, February 2, 1892. *Ober, Albert Richard. 1830. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1829. See list of 1848. *0'Brien, Lucius. Born in Maryland. M.D., Washington Univer- sity, Baltimore, 1828; Attending Physician, Eastern Dispensary, 1829; Censor, 1830; conducted a Vaccine Institute at Baltimore, 1831-32, which was approved and commended by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1832; resigned, 1835 ; Lieutenant, Third Infantry, 1837, and of the Eighth Infantry, 1838 ; author of "Benny Havens, O," a popular West Point song. Died at Tampa, Fla., January 7, 1841. *0'CoNNOR, John (F.). 1810. Born in 1791 (?). M.D., University of Maryland, 1812 ; resided at Fells Point, Baltimore ; Surgeon's Mate, Third Rifles, 1814, and of Thirty-sixth Infantry, 1814; Hos- pital Surgeon's Mate, 1814-15. Died of yellow fever, Baltimore, September 30, 1819. *O^DoNNELL, DoMiNicK A. 1833. Bom in County Donegal, Ireland, 1809. Educated at Mount St. Marys College, Emmitsburg; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1833; practiced first at Williamsport, Md., then in Mississippi, Hancock, Md., and Cumberland, Md. ; settled at Baltimore, 1848; A.M. (Honorary), Loyola College, Bal- timore, 1854; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1874. Died at Baltimore, August 26, 1874. *0'DoNovAN, Charles. 1853. Born at Baltimore, September 20, 1829. son of Dr. John H. O'Donovan. A.B., St. Mary's College, Balti- more ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853 ; President, Alumni Asso- ciation, University of Maryland, 1888. Died at Baltimore, Decem- ber 23, 1889. O'Donovan, Charles, Jr. 1881. Born at Baltimore, February 7, i860; son of Dr. Charles O'Donovan. A.B., Georgetown University, 1878 ; A.M., 1888; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; Professor of Dis- eases of Children, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1894-99 ; Clinical Professor Diseases of Children, Baltimore Medical College, 1899 — . ID East Read Street, Baltimore. *0'DoNovAN, John H. 1825. Born in Ireland, 1802. Emigrated to Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; practiced at Elk- 521 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ridge Landing a short time, about 1826; Censor, 1831 ; practiced at Baltimore until his death, June 18, 1869. See obituary in the papers by Dr. N. R. Smith, who spoke in the highest terms of him. O'DoNOVAN, John Henry. 1892. Born at Baltimore, October 23, 1867; son of Dr. Charles O'Donovan. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1888 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; studied in Johns Hop- kins Laboratories, 1891-93; Lecturer on Bacteriology and Patholog- ical Histology, University of Maryland, 1893-94; retired, 1894. 915 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *Offutt, Henry A. 1832. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832. Of Montgomery County, Md. ; went to Mississippi. Died in Wash- ington County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Ogle, George Cooke. 1879. Born in Maryland, 1816. M.D., Univer- sity of Mai"yland, 1838; Coroner, Western District. Died at Bal- timore, November 27, 1890. Ohle, Henry Charles. 1890. Born at Catonsville, Md., June 4, i860. Pupil of Dr. J. G. Hollyday; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Mary- land, 1886-87; Dispensary Physician, University of Maryland, Chil- dren's Department; Visiting Physician, St. Agnes Hospital, 1893+. 1203 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Ohlendorf^ Joseph C, Jr. 1895. Born at Baltimore, September 7, 1862. Educated at Loyola College; student, Maryland College of Phar- macy; pupil of Dr. O. J. Coskery; M.D., Baltimore University, 1893; Demonstrator of Obstetrics, Baltimore University; Assistant Sur- geon, Fifth Maryland Regiment, 1892; Vaccine Physician. 518 North Bond Street, Baltimore. Ohr, Charles Henry. Born at Funkstown, Washington County, Md., October 19, 1811. Educated at Gettysburg College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1834; Attending Physician, Washington County Almshouse, 1832-33 ; practiced first at Hancock, Washing- ton County, then at Baltimore, 1843-47; removed to Cumberland, 1847; Grand Master of Masons of Maryland, 1849-51; Mem- ber of the City Council of Cumberland (three terms) ; Maj^or of Cumberland, 1859-66; Member of the Maryland Senate, 1864-67; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-65; President, Fire Insurance Company of Allegany County; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1871-72; President, Medical 522 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Chirurgical Faculty, 1873-74; retired; resides at Cumberland, Md. *Oldham, William H. 1830. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jefferson, 1829. Of Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Md. Died about 1855-56. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Olig, John. Of Waynesboro, Pa. See list of 1848. Opie, Thomas. Born at Martinsburg, W. Va., February 14, 1840; son of Hierome L. Opie. Educated at Powers' School, Staunton, Va. ; attended lectures at the University of Virginia and the University of Pennsylvania ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1861 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; settled at Baltimore in 1865; Dean, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1872 — ; Professor of Obstetrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1872-86 ; Vaccine Physician, 1873 ; Pro- fessor of Gynaecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1886 — ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1886-87. I4 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. *0'Reilly, Polydore E. 1801 (?). A.M., St. John's College, 1804 (Q.). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Orrick, James. 1810. M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1810 (?); Member of Maryland Legislature. *Orrick, John Cromwell. Born at "Silver Hill," Baltimore County, Md., June 16, 1805; son of Nicholas Orrick. Pupil of Dr. Keener; M.D., University of Maryland, 1831 ; practiced at Hereford, Balti- more County about thirty years ; represented Baltimore County in the House of Delegates (eight terms), 1834-48; moved to Baltimore about 1848, and practiced there some years ; a local preacher of M. E. Church. Died at Baltimore, December 29, 1863. Osler, William. 1890. Born at Bond-Head, Ontario, Canada, July 12, 1849. M.D., McGill University, Montreal, 1872; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, ]McGill, 1874-84; Physician and Path- ologist, Montreal General Hospital, 1878-84; President, Canadian Medical Association, 1885-86; Gulstonian Lecturer, Royal College of Physicians, London, 1885 ; Cartwright Lecturer, College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, New York, 1886; F.R.S., Canada; LL.D., Trinity University, Toronto, 1899, McGill University, Montreal, 1895, the University of Aberdeen, 1898, and Yale University, IQOX ; Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1884-89 ; 523 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1889 — ; Dean, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1898-99; Physician in Chief, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889—; F.R.C.P., London, 1883; F.R.S., London, 1898; D.C.L., University of Edinburgh, 1898; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1896-97; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1889; Cavendish Lecturer, 1899; author of "Principles and Practice of Medicine," four editions, 1892, 1895, 1898 and igoi ; "Lectures on the Diagnosis of Abdominal Tumors," 1895 ; "The Cerebral Palsies of Children," 1889; Editor of "Nothnagel's Encyclopsedia of Practical Medicine," vol. i, American edition, "Typhoid and Typhus Fevers," 1901 ; a contributor to "Pepper's System," "Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports," and other medical works ; Associate Editor, Journal of Experimental Medicine, i West Franklin Street, Baltimore. Otto, Gustavus Carolus Antonio. 1833. M.D. Of Baltimore, Md. See list of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Ow^EN, John. 1800, 1817. Born at Annapolis, September 17, 1775. A.M., St. John's College, Annapolis, 1794; obtained his medical education in Great Britain and America; began practice at Balti- more, 1799; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1809; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1818; elected Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, University of Maryland, 1814, but declined; Surgeon, Fifth Regiment of Maryland Militia, 1814; Member of the City Council of Baltimore, 1822; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1804-07; Consulting Phy- sician, Board of Health of Baltimore until 1821 ; State Director to the Penitentiary ; Judge of the City Court, 1822. Died at Baltimore, October, 1824. *0wens, Isaac B. 1833. Born in 1812. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1833. Of Bristol, Anne Arundel County, Md. Died at Baltimore, 1854 (Q.). See lists of 1848 and 1853. OwiNGS, Edward R. 1898. Born at Baltimore, July 2, 1867 ; son of next- named. M.D., University of Maryland, 1889 ; Clinical Assistant, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore. 1621 Linden Avenue, Balti- more. *0^iNGS, Harry W. Born at Baltimore, September 15, 1837. M.D., University of Maryland, i860. Practiced and died at Baltimore, November 15, 1890. 524 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *OwiNGS, John H. 1828. Born at Baltimore. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1828; Censor, 1840; for forty years a leading practitioner of Howard County. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *OwiNGS, Orellana H. 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *OwiNGS, Samuel B. 1821. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Of Baltimore County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *OwiNGS, Thomas. 1826. Born at Baltimore, December 11, 1802. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ; began practice at Baltimore with Dr. S. K. Jennings. Died at Baltimore, December 18, 1866. OwiNGS, Thomas Boyle. 1853. Born in Howard County, Md., Sep- tember 23, 1830; son of J. H. Owings. Educated at Hallowell's School, Alexandria, Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852; settled for practice at Ellicott City ; Attending Physician, St. Charles College, 1861—; Physician to Christian Brothers, i860—; Physician to Redemptorist College, Mount St. Clement, 1869—; Health Officer, Howard County, 1891— ; resides at Ellicott City, Md. *Page, Henry. 1801 (?). Born at Swan Creek, Kent County, 1770; second son of John Page. Educated at Washington College, Chestertown; student of Dr. Edward Worrell, with whom he lived; after attending the usual course of lectures at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, he began practice, 1792, on a farm near Swan Creek, and soon had a large practice. He was fond of theorizing during consultation and ever ready to give a reason for his faith. Neglecting dress, he was considered eccentric. Mentally he was a giant, and, socially, a model for all. He had a remarkable head, and all who saw him felt his power. He died away from home, 1820 (Wroth, Trans., 1873). Page, Henry, Jr. 1897. Born at Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md., September i, 1870; son of Judge Henry Page. A.B. and A.M., Princeton; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1894; Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. A. (Manila) ; Surgeon, U. S. A., Fort Monroe, Va. (Polk, 1902). =*=Page, James. 1808 (?). Born in Kent County, Md. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1808; Attending Physician, Baltimore Gen- eral Dispensary, 1809-10; partner with Dr. Coulter, 1808-16; Sur- 525 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY geon's Mate, U. S. N., 1811 ; Surgeon, 1816; attended in yellow fever epidemic at Baltimore, 1819-20; Surgeon, U. S. N., April 23, 1827. Died March 15, 1832 (Hammersley). See list of 1848. Page, Isham RANDOLrii. i8go. Born at Richmond, Va., June 3, 1834. Attended medical lectures at the University of Virginia, 1857-58; M.D., University of New York, 1859; Interne, Bellevue and Charity Hospitals, 1859-61 ; Surgeon and Medical Director of Artillery, Army of Northern Virginia, C. S. A., 1861-64; on hospital duty at Richmond, 1864-65 ; practiced at Ric!imond, 1865- 71, and since then at Baltimore ; Vaccine Physician, 1873-76 and 1878-80; Professor of Surgery, Washington University, Baltimore. 1206 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. *Page, John Randolph. Born in Gloucester County, Va., May 10, 1830. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Virginia, 1850 ; studied in Hospitals of Paris and London, 1850-52 ; practiced in Gloucester County, Va., 1852-61 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; Surgeon and Professor, State Military Acad- emy, Alexandria, La., 1862-68; Professor of the Practice of Medi- cine, Washington University, Baltimore, 1868-72 ; Professor of Agri- cultural Chemistry and Scientific Farming in the University of Vir- ginia, 1872-87; resigned in 1887 and became Surgeon to Georgia Pacific Railroad, Sloss Iron and Steel Company and Georgia Central Railroad, Birmingham, Ala. ; retired on account of ill health in 1897, and thenceforth resided at the University of Virginia; Licentiate Teacher in the Medical Department, University of Virginia. Died there March 11, 1901. Page, Robert Stevens. 1899. Born at Baltimore, October 23, 1875 ; son of Dr. I. R. Page. Educated at City College and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1898; Resident Gynaecol- ogist, University Hospital, 1898-99; practiced at Baltimore till 1900, and now practices at Bel Air, Md. *Pagett, David T. (David Davis.) 1814. Originally from Prince George County, Md. ; moved to Cecil County when a boy, his name then being David Pagett. By Act of Legislature, this was changed, about the time of his marriage to Emeline L. Wickes, 1823, to David Davis. Died at Galena, Kent County, Md., then George- town Cross Roads. On his tomb is this inscription : "Sacred to the memory of David Davis, M.D., who departed this life in the faith and fear of God on the 25th day of January, 1844, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. He lived a faithful member of the 526 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Holy Catholic Church and died anticipating the joys of Paradise." See list o£ 1848. (Possibly M.D., College of Medicine of Mary- land, 1810 or 1811.) (See Davis, David; the records conflict.) Palmer, Robert Vickery. 1899. Graduate of Charlotte Hall Mili- tary Academy, 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1895; prac- tices at River Springs, St. Mary's County, Md. *Palmer, William P. 1819. Born at Concord, Pa., November 19, 1792. Pupil of Drs. Chapman and Rush; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1815; settled at Brookeville, Montgomery County, Md., and practiced in partnership with Dr. Henry Howard (later a member of the Faculty of the University of Maryland) ; removed to "Woodlawn," near Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, where he resided until his death ; in active practice for fifty-three years ; Censor, Montgomery County^ 1840. Died December 27, 1869. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Pape, George Edward. 1858. Born at Hanover, Germany. M.D., University of Gottingen, 1833 ; passed Staats-examen in Germany ; emigrated to Baltimore, 1856; a Founder and the first President, German Medical Society, 1871-72; returned to Hanover about 1887, and died there in 1900. See Trans., 1858 and 1873. *Pape^ George W. 1874. Born at Hanover, Germany, 1848 ; son of Dr. G. E. Pape. Came to America in 1856 ; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1868 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; Assistant Physician, Alaryland Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1871-72; spent two years studying in Germany. Died at Baltimore, January 8, 1882 (from suicide). *Paeker, Caleb. 1816. Born at Washington, D. C. ; brother of Drs. Fielder and Charles Parker ; M.D. ; moved to Cecil County early in the century; Surgeon, Thirty-sixth Infantry, 1815; after the War of 1812, settled in Cecil County, in partnership with his brother Charles ; Censor, Cecil County, 1826 ; was thrown from his carri^e and permanently disabled. Died at Elkton about 1850. In list of 1848 marked dead. Parker, Charles S. 1881. Born at Baltimore, 1857. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1881 ; Professor of Phy- siology and Hygiene, Baltimore University, 1887-88. 3120 West North xA.venue, Baltimore. 34 527 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Parker, John C. 1833. Pupil of Dr. Stephen B. White; M.D. (prob- ably Washington University) ; had smallpox here while dissecting; Member of the House of Delegates (three terms) ; twice State Sen- ator; Judge of Orphans' Court; a very wealthy man. Of Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Parnham, John. Founder. 1799. Born near Newport, Charles County, Md. His parents came from England early in the eigh- teenth century. M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1772 (Thesis, "De Cystirrhoea") ; on Committee of Observation; Member of the State Constitutional Convention, 1776; Chief Surgeon, Smallwood's Brigade, during the Revolution; Judge of Charles County Court, ^7771 Presidential Elector, 1805; Member of the Maryland Legis- lature, 1787-89, 1795-99, 1808-09; married Nancy Dent, daughter of George Dent (Member of Congress), of "Prospect Hill;" they had six children, all of whomi died without issue ; after the Revo- lution he returned to his home, "Parnham Hall," and there practiced until his death, at the age of about 65 ; buried in the family grave- yard on his place. *Parran, Richard. 1831. Born in Calvert County, Md., January, 1811; son of Richard Parran. Pupil of Dr. William D. Macgill, of Hagers- town; M.D., University of Maryland, 1830; health failed and he went to California in 1849, returning unrelieved in 1851. Died at Shepherdstown, Va., February i, 1851. See list of 1848. '''ParraNj Thomas. Founder. 1799. Of Lower Marlboro, Calvert County, Md. (The family came from Scotland and settled at St. Leonard's.) Died in 1810 (Q.). *Parran, Thomas. 1818. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817. Of St. Leonard's, Calvert County, Md. Died in Calvert County about 1877. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Parrish, Joseph. 1874. Born at Philadelphia, November 11, 1818; son of Dr. Joseph Parrish. Educated at Burlington, N. J. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1844 ; Professor of Obstetrics, Philadel- phia Medical College, 1855 ; in Europe, 1856-57 ; in charge of the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children, 1857-61 ; Sanitary Inspector, 1861-65; in charge of the Pennsylvania Sanita- rium for the Treatment of Alcoholic and Opium Inebriety, 1865-72; Originator of the American Association for the Cure of Inebriates, and President, 1870-74 ; Superintendent, Maryland Inebriate Asylum, Baltimore, 1874; settled at Burlington, N. J., 1875; President of 528 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the Delaware County Medical Society for three years ; Vice-Presi- dent, State Medical Society of Pennsylvania; Editor, New Jersey Medical and Surgical Reporter, 1848, The Sanitary Commission Bul- letin, Transactions of the Association for the Cure of Inebriates, and Quarterly Journal of Inebriety. Last entry in Polk's Directory, 1890. Paton, Stewart. 1897. Born at New York, 1865. A.B., Princeton, 1886; A.M., 1889; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1889 ; Visiting Physician, Bayview Asylum ; Assistant in Neu- rology, Johns Hopkins Dispensary; Associate in Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University ; Director of Laboratory, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital. 213 West Monument Street, Baltimore. Patterson, Francis W. 1877. Born at Saulsbury, Conn., February 4, 1835 ; removed to Lorain County, Northern Ohio, 1837. Edu- cated at Elyria High School, 1848-52; later, at Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, O. ; pupil in Medicine of his uncle (Dr. R. J. Patterson, Columbus, O.) ; attended Starling Medical Col- lege for two years ; third course at the Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, where he took M.D., 1859; began practice at Elyria, O. ; Assistant Physician, Mississippi State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Miss., 1859; Private, C. S. A., 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon and Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; settled in Baltimore County, Md., 1865, where he practiced for several years ; gradually with- drew, devoting himself to farming and stock raising; United States Inspector, Contagious Diseases of Animals, 1886-90; extensive investigations of bovine tuberculosis, etc. ; resides at Catonsville, Md. ^Patterson, John H. Born in 1817. M.D., University of Maryland, 1837; partner of Dr. A. Alexander. Died at Baltimore, May 25, 1893. *Patterson, William. 1828. Born in 1802. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Died in Frederick County, Md., 1876 (Q.). See list of 1848. *Pattison, Granville Sharp. Born near Glasgow, Scotland, 1791. Educated at the private school of Dr. Allan Burns ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Andersonian Institution, Glasgow, 1810; Professor of Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery, Andersonian Institution, 1812 ; emigrated to Philadelphia, 1818, and opened an anatomical school there; Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1820- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 26; Dean, University of Maryland, 1821-22; fought a duel in 1823 with General Cadwallader, of Philadelphia, Pattison escaping in- jury, whilst Cadwallader received a wound permanently disabling his right arm ; went to London, 1826 ; Professor of Anatomy, Uni- versity of London, 1827-31; dismissed from the University of London, 1831 ; returned to Philadelphia, 1832; Professor of Anatomy, Jefiferson Medical College, 1832-41 ; Founder of the Medical Department of the University of New York, 1841, and Professor of Anatomy there, 1841-51; author of "The Register and Library of Medical and Chirurgical Science;" "Surgical Anat- omy of the Arteries of the Head and Neck" (Burns), two edi- tions; "Anatomical Atlas" (Masse) ; "Anatomy" (Cruveilhier) ; an Editor of the American Medical Recorder; received Honorary M.D. late in life. "A small, elderly gentleman, of medium stature, with black eyes and white hair" (Gross). Died at New York, November 12, 185 1. *Paul^ Isaac. Vaccine Physician, Baltimore, 1855. Died at Baltimore 1872 or 1873. *Payne, Elisha D. 1819. M.D. Of New York. See list of 1848. *Peaco, John W. 1815. Born at Annapolis. Surgeon, U. S. N. ; Agent, U. S. Government for Colony of Siberia. Died at Savan- nah, Ga., June, 1827. See Treasurer's book, MS. Archives, Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, Niles Register, June 16, 1827, and list of 1848. *Pearce, George R. 1824. Born in Cecil County, Md. A.M., St. John's College, 1821 (Q.) ; practiced in Cecil County several years, then on account of bad health retired to his farm near Reybold's Wharf, near Cecilton, where he died. In list of 1848 marked dead. Pearson^ Frank White. 1896. Born at Baltimore about April 17, 1850. Educated at Chester Hill Academy, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873 ; studied at Vienna for two^ years ; Assistant Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, for three years, retiring on account of ill health; Specialist in Diseases of the Nose and Throat. 18 West Hamilton Street, Bal- timore. Peebles, Thomas Chalmers. 1895. Born at Dublin, Ireland, June 22, 1843. Educated at Trinity College and Royal College of Phy- sicians, Dublin ; in Paris hospitals, 1866-67 ; Surgeon, Cunard MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Steamship Service ; emigrated to America and settled first at Louis- ville, Ky. ; later, at Lutherville, Md., where he now resides. Penning, Oliver Parker. 1899. Born at Darlington, Harford County, Md., January 26, 1869. Graduated from Havre de Grace High School, 1886. M.D., University of Maryland, 1897; Post-grad- uate Study, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897 ; Clinical Assistant and in Laboratory, University of Maryland ; Resident Physician, Uni- versity Hospital, 1898-99; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, and xA.ssistant in Surgery, 1902 — . loi East Lanvale Street, Baltimore. Pennington, John L 1876. Born in Kent County, Md., December 10, 1842. M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; special work at Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Throat Department; President, Baltimore Medical and Surgical Association. 1716 Lin- den Avenue, Baltimore. Penrod, Hiram James. 1874. Born in Somerset County, Pa., April 14, 1844. Served in Union Army as Hospital Steward ; pupil of Dr. A. F. Erich; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1872; Signal Officer at Baltimore, 1874-75 ; resides at "Twin Oaks," Brookland, D. C. Penrose, Clement Andariese. 1899. Born at St. Louis, Mo., 1874. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1893 ; M.D., Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, 1897; Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897- 98; began practice at Baltimore, 1898. 21 West Mount Royal Avenue, Baltimore. *Pepper, William. Honorary. 1884. Born at Philadelphia, August 21, 1843; son of Dr. William Pepper. A.B., 1862; M.D., 1864; A.M., 1865, University of Pennsylvania; LL.D., Lafayette College, 1881 ; Visiting Physician, Philadelphia Infirmary, 1864-65 ; Resident Phy- sician, Pennsylvania Hos^ntal, 1865-66; Curator and Pathologist, Pennsylvania Hospital, 1866-70; Visiting Physician, Philadelphia Hospital, 1867+ ; Pathologist, Philadelphia Hospital, 1867-71 ; Lec- turer on Morbid Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, 1868-70 ; Visiting Physician, Children's Hospital, 1870-f- ; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1870-76; Lecturer on Physi- cal Diagnosis, University of Pennsylvania, 1871-73 ; President of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, 1873-76; Medical Director, Centennial Exhibition, 1876 ; Professor of Clinical Medicine, Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1876-87; Provost, University of Pennsylvania, 1881-96; Professor of Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 1887-98; President of the American Climatological Association, 1885-86, MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and of the First Pan-American Medical Congress, Washing- ton, 1893 ; Editor, Philadelphia Medical Times, 1870-71 ; author, "Pepper's System," 1886, and many other works ; Knight Com- mander St. Olaf (.Sweden). Died in California, July 28, 1898. *Perkins, John D. 1809. Born at Baltimore, August 27, 1790. Prac- ticed in Maryland, removing to Delaware, 1826; practiced there until five years before his death {Medical and Physical Recorder, and Trans. American Medical Association, 1861). Died at Smyrna, Del., August 13, i860. *Perkins, Joseph Fleming. 1853. Born in Pennsylvania, January 28, 1806; removed to Baltimore, 1829; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1833; practiced at Baltimore; Surgeon of Military Company. Died in 1854. Perkins, Joseph Fleming. 1877. Born at Baltimore, 1850; son of Joseph F. Perkins. Graduated A.B., Princeton College, 1872; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1875; M.D., Bellevue Medical College, 1879; Assistant to Morell Mackenzie, London ; Medical Examiner, Balti- more and Ohio Railroad; Assistant Surgeon, Throat Diseases, Pres- byterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, Baltimore; Assistant Sur- geon, Metropolitan Throat Hospital, New York; resides at Sturte- vant House, New York City. *Perkins, William H. 1895. Born in Frederick County, Md. Served in U. S. A. in Civil War, 1861-65; M.D., Long Island College Hospital, 1868; Member of House of Delegates, 1878; a Founder and President, Washington County Medical Society, 1S81 ; practiced and died at Hancock, Washington County, Md., September 11, 1896. Perry, Benjamin J. 1828. Of Harford County, Md. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1829; practiced at Hillsville, Carroll County, Va. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873, and Polk's Directory up to Perry, William Brinton. 1898. Born in Virginia, November 5, 1866. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1889. 1301 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Peterman, Harry Elmer. 1898. Born at Indiana, Pa., July 16, 1871. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895 ; Resident Physician, Balti- more Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1895 — ; practice limited to Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. 640 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Petherbridge. John F. Born in 1811. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1832; practiced at Dunkirk, Calvert County, Md., till about 1896. Died at Annapolis, Md., October 28, 1897. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873, and Polk's Directory. Pfeffer, Charles W. 1892. A.M., Lebanon Valley College, 1886; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1887. 48 East Montgomery Street, Baltimore. *Phelps, Azor R. Passed examination, 1825; diploma issued, 1830; pupil for five years of Dr. Joseph Dudley, of Chesterfield County, Va. ; not a graduate ; resided at Shrewsbury and Worcester, Mass., 1830. See list of 1848. *Phelps, Francis P. 1819. Born in Delaware, 1799. Educated at Lewiston; pupil of Dr. W. Handy, of Baltimore; attended the University of Maryland; M.D. (Honorary), Washington University, Baltimore; Censor, 1826-40; practiced at Federalsburg, Md., until 1833; then at Cambridge, Dorchester County, until 1846; Member of the House of Delegates, 1828, 1839, 1844, 1866, 1873; State Senator, 1844-50 and 1876-77 ; took an active part in politics. Died at Cambridge, Md., November 18, 1886. Philips, Richard W. Licensed to practice Dentistry, 1831-32; D.S. See list of 1848. Pickel, John U. 1892. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885; Medical Examiner of several orders and an in- dustrial life insurance company. 1312 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore. PiEK, Carolus H. D. 1851. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1853, 1873, 1874 and 1875. In Polk's Directory as of Baltimore, 1886-93. *Pierce, Lewis B. 1876. Born at Le Raysville, Bradford County, Pa., September 2, 1831. U. S. A., 1861-65; Brigadier-General, 1865 ; M.D., Geneva Medical College, 1867 ; General Agent, Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company. Died October 30, 1876. *PiGG0T, Aaron Snowden. Born at Philadelphia, 1822. A.B., Yale, College, 1841; later, A.M.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Washington University, Baltimore, 1848-51; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; Co-Edhor, Amer- ican Journal of Dental Science, 1856 and 1867-69; Professor of Chemistry, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, 1865-69; author 533 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of "Dental Chemistry and Metallurgy," 8vo, 1854; "Art of Mining and Preparing Ores," i2mo, 1858. Died at Baltimore, February 13 1869 (Q.). PlGGOT, Cameron. 1883. Born at Baltimore, 1856 ; son of A. S. Piggot Educated at Atkinson's School; attended Maryland College of Pharmacy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Lecturer on Chem- istry, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1882-85; Post-graduate Student in Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University; Professor of Chemistry, University of the South, 1887 — ; Health Officer, Sewa- nee, Tenn. ; Dean of the Academic Faculty, University of the South, 1900 — . PiLLSBtJRY, William J. 1894. Born at sea, on board his father's vessel, in long. 79° 50', lat. 24° 08', June 29, 1868. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1889; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1889-90; Physician to Garrett Sanitarium, 1890; Assistant Physician and Surgeon to Davis Coal and Coke Company, Coketon, Tucker County, W. Va., 1891-93; has practiced at Baltimore since 1893; Physician to St. John's Orphanage, Waverly; Medical Examiner, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York. 2801 York Road, Baltimore. *PiNCKNEY, William. A.M., St. John's, 1806; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1808; Visitor, St. John's College, 1820. Of Annap- olis, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Pindell, Richard. Founder. 1799. Born at Hagerstown, Md., 1755, Surgeon, First Maryland Regiment under Col. Otho H. Wil- liams, in the Revolution, from January i, 1777, to the disso- lution of the Army, 1783 ; with Greene, 1780-81 ; Member of the Society of Cincinnati of Maryland ; practiced at Hagerstown after the War ; First Master of Mount Moriah Lodge, Hagerstown, 1802; Grand Master, Grand Lodge A. F. & A. M. of Maryland, 1806-07; Member of the Maryland Senate, 1809; pensioned by the United States for services in the Revolution; moved to Lexington, Ky., 1813; Family Physician of Henry Clay. Died at Lexington, Ky., March 20, 1833. (For Revolutionary service, see Saffell, Heitman and McSherry.) *PiNKERTON, Thomas. Garrison Surgeon's Mate, 1800-13 (Q.). Of Ohio. See list of Piper, Jackson. 1888. Born at Baltimore, November 9, 1828. A.B., Princeton, 1850; A.M., Princeton; M.D., University of Mary- 534 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land, 1853 ; Resident Physician, Baltimore City and County Alms- house, 1853-54; practiced at Taneytown, Carroll County, Md., 1854-62: at Baltimore, 1862-64; at Towson, 1864 — ; Attending Phy- sician, Baltimore County Almshouse, Towson, for twelve years ; President, Maryland State Board of Health, 1884-92; President, Baltimore County Medical Association, 1897-98. Winter Residence, 825 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *PiPER, William Evans. 1832. Born at Baltimore, January 17, 1807. Educated by Mr. Prentiss, of Govanstown, Md. ; A.B., Kenyon College, Ohio, 1826; student of Dr. John Buckler; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1830; practiced first at Baltimore; later, at Ow- ings' Mills, Baltimore County, 1843-47; in Howard County, near Ellicott City, 1847-58. Died near Ellicott City, 1858. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *PiPER, Watson J. Born in Allegany County, Md., August 17, 1842; son of John Piper. Educated at Greensburg (Pa.) Academy; a scout for several years, 1861-I-, on the Western Plains; pupil of Dr. S. P. Smith ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1865-66; resigned, 1866, and located for practice at Barton, Allegany County; Founder, 1871, and Worshipful Master, Allegany Lodge, A. F. & A. M. Died in Allegany County, Md., 1884 (Q.). PiTSNOGLE, Jephtha Ellsworth. 1899. Born at Hagerstown, Md., January 11, 1863. Educated at State Normal School, Shepherd? - town, W. Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889 ; Pension Surgeon, two years ; First Vice-President, Washington County Medical Society; resides at Hagerstown. Pitts, Hillary R. 1839. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jefferson, 1837. Of Berlin, Worcester County, Md. See Treasurer's book, list of 1848 and Polk's Directory, 1886. Pitts, John R. 1824. See list of 1848. Platt, Walter Brewster. 1882. Born at Waterbury, Conn., Decem- ber 20, 1853. Ph.B., Yale, 1874; M.D., Harvard, 1879; F.R.C.S. England, 1883; Surgeon, Bayview Hospital; Surgeon, Garrett Hos- pital for Children; Demonstrator of Surgery, University of Mary- land ; author of "Pyuria," translated from Ultzmann. 802 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *Poits, William E. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; was present at Annual Convention of 1834. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. 535 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Pole, Arminius Cleveland. i88i. Born in Baltimore County, April 9, 1852. Pupil of Dr. Henry Darling; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1876; formerly Professor of Anatomy and Operative Sur- gery, Baltimore Medical College; now Professor of Anatomy, 1884 — ; Physician to Maryland General Hospital and Hospital for Consumptives, and Medical Examiner, Shield of Honor. 2038 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Pollack, Flora. 1894. Born at Baltimore, September 5, 1865 ; daughter of Uriah Pollack. M.D. and Medalist, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1891 ; Interne, Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia, 1891-92; Lecturer on Embryology, Woman's Medical College, Balti- more, 1896-97; Associate Professor of Embryology and Physical Diagnosis, 1897; studied at Berlin, 1897; Attending Physician, Evening Dispensary for Working Women; Visiting Physician, Home for Mothers and Infants and Female House of Refuge; Assistant in Gynaecology, Johns Hopkins Dispensary, 1902 — . 112 West Mount i<.o:al Avenue, Baltimore. Poole, Thomas. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Porter, Alexander Shaw. 1891. Bom in Maryland. Ph.B., Dickin- son College, 1887; A.M., 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; practiced at Lonaconing, Md., Fort Huochuca, Ariz., and Whip- ple, Ark. ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., San Diego, Cal. ; later, in Philippines. *PoRTER, Gabriel Ellis. Born at Frostburg, Md., July 9, 1830; son of Moses Porter. Educated at the Academies of Uniontown and Con- nellsville, Pa. ; student of Dr. James M. Porter, Frostburg, Md. ; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1853 ; practiced at Frostburg, 1853- 56; settled at Lonaconing, Md., 1856; Captain, 186 1 ; later. Major; Lieutenant- Colonel, Second Maryland Potomac Home Brigade, U. S. v., 1862-64 ; Post Surgeon, Cumberland, 1864-65 ; Member of the Legislature of Maryland, 1871 ; President, Allegany County Medical Society, 1875 ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1880-81 ; made an improvement in Smith's anterior splint, and invented a wire splint for fracture of arm and forearm. Died at Lonaconing, Md., December 30, 1889. *PoRTER, James. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848. Porter, Minor Gibson. 1892. Born at Cumberland, Md., October 11, 1865. Ph.B., Dickinson College, 1884; A.M., Dickinson College, MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; resides at Lcnaconing, Md. PoRTMAN, Adeline Elwell. 1896. Born at Ottawa, III, February 27, i860. Graduate, Mount Vernon College, Illinois, 1876; M.D., Uni- versity of Iowa, 1887; Post-graduate studies at University of Iowa, and in London, 1888 and 1894; Assistant, Eye and Ear Clinic of Emergency Hospital and Central Dispensary, Washington; Chief Eye, Ear and Throat Service, Woman's Clinic, Washington. Ad- dress, Hollydene, Chevy Chase, Md. PosTLEY, Charles Ensor. 1899. Born in Baltimore Comity, Md., March 21, 1847. M.D., Howard University, District of Columbia, 1886, and Georgetown University, 1891 ; LL.B., Columbian College Law School, 1872; President, Board of Commissioners, Hyattsville, Md., 1899; resided at Washington, 1900 (Maryland Directory, 1900-01). *PoTTER, Nathaniel. 1801 (?). Born at Easton, Talbot County, Md., 1770. Educated at a college in New Jersey; pupil of Dr. B. Rush; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1796; began practice at Balti- more, 1797; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1802-05 ; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1801-09; Founder of the College of Medicine of Maryland, 1807; Professor of Practice in College of Medicine and the University of Maryland, 1807-43; Dean of same, 1812 and 1814; President, Baltimore Medical Society, 1812, and Medical Society of Mary- land, 1817; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1817; Attending Physician, Baltimore Almshouse; Editor, Baltimore Medical and Philosophical Lycceum, 1811 (quarterly, four num- bers published) ; Editor, Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal (quarterly), 1840-43; author of "Memoir on Contagion," 8vo, Balti- more, 1818; "On the Locusta Septentrionalis," 8vo, Baltimore, 1839; edited with notes, "Armstrong on Typhus Fever," 8vo, Balti- more, 1821 ; edited (with S. Calhoun) "Gregory's Practice," 2 vols., 8vo, Philadelphia (two editions), 1826 and 1829. Died at Baltimore, January 2, 1843. *PoTTiNGER, Robert. Founder. 1799. Attended the clinical lectures of Dr. Thomas Bond, at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, 1769-70; M.B., College of Philadelphia, 1771 ; is said to have continued medi- cal study at London ; on Committee of Correspondence. Of Prince George County, Md. *PoTTS, William, Jr. 1810. M.D., University of Pennsylvania. 1810. "Of Md.," Western Shore. 537 MiEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *PoTTS, William E. Jr. 1828. M.D. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. (See Poits, W. E.) Powell, Alfred H. 1878. Born at Leesburg, Va., September 18, 1831. Educated at Leesburg High School; student of Dr. A. R. Mott at Leesburg; at the University of Virginia, 1850-51; M.D., Jef- ferson Medical College, 1852; Coroner of Loudon County, Va., and Health Officer of Leesburg until 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861 ; Surgeon, 1861-65; settled at Baltimore, 1866; Assistant Coroner, Baltimore; Demonstrator and Lecturer on Anatomy and Professor of Clinical Surgery, Washington Univer- sity, Baltimore ; Vaccine Physician ; Resident Physician, Capon Springs, Va. 805 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Powell, John F. 1856. Born May 7, 1830. Educated in private schools; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853; Health Officer on Steamship "North Carolina" during yellow fever epidemic at Nor- folk and Portsmouth, 1855 ; Physician to City Jail ; Acting Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. A., during the Civil War ; Vaccine Physician, 1860-67. See Trans., 1856, 1858 and 1873. 2122 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *Powell, Samuel F. Born November 3, 1838. Ph. G., Maryland Col- lege of Pharmacy, 1858; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861. Died at Baltimore, April 21, 1894. Powell, William Byrd. 1831-32. M.D. Of New Orleans. See list of 1848. (There was a "Powell, Wm. B." graduate of Louisville Medical College, 1874; at Nachitoches, La. — Polk, 1893. Probably a son.) *PowER, William. 1840. Born at Baltimore, 1813. A.B., Yale Col- lege, 1832; later, A.M.; pupil of Dr. John Buckler; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1835; studied at Paris, under Louis, 1835-40; Resi- dent Physician, Almshouse, 1840; Attending Physician, Almshouse, 1841-42 and 1844-45 ; Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis, University of Maryland, 1841-42 ; in bad health, 1843 ; Lecturer on Practice, Uni- versity of Maryland, 1845-46; Professor of Practice, 1846-52. Died at Baltimore, August 15, 1852. He was the first to teach clearly auscultation and percussion at Baltimore. *Pratt, George W. 1818. Of Dorchester County, Md. See list of MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Prentiss, Harry G. 1898. Born at Baltimore, May 2, 1858. Edu- cated at Loyola College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; Sanitary Officer, Baltimore County, 1884-86; Vaccine Physician, 1880+ ; Medical Examiner, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. 809 Gorsuch Avenue, Baltimore. *Prentiss, John H. 1854 and 1881. Born at Baltimore, 1827. Pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; Sur- geon, Pacific Mail Steamship Company; Surgeon, California Troops, 1861 ; Surgeon, Army of Potomac, 1863-65; settled at Govanstown, 1865. Died at Govanstown, Md., January 26, 1888. See Treasurer's book. Preston, George Jenkins. 1885. Born at Lexington, Va., July 2, 1858. A.B., Washington and Lee University, 1879; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1883; Professor of Physiology, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1889-90; Professor of Physiology and Nervous Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1890 — ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1897-98; Attending Physician, Nursery and Child's Hospital; Secretary, Lunacy Commission of Maryland, 1898 — ; Neurologist to City Hos- pital, Bayviewf, Hebrew Hospital and St. Agnes Hospital ; author of a work on "Hysteria," 8vo, Philadelphia, 1897. 819 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Preston, Jacob A. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; Censor, Har- ford County, 1840; represented Harford and Cecil Counties in Con- gress. Of Bush River Neck, 1820-63. See lists of 1S48 and 1853. Price, Abraham Hicks. 1892. Born in Baltimore County, Md., Sep- tember 4, 1836; son of Dr. Wm. R. Price. M.D., University of Maryland, 1861 ; practiced in Baltimore County till 1899, when he retired on account of ill health. Of Towson, Baltimore County, Md. *Price, Andrew Baillie. 1892. Born at Nanjemoy, Charles County, Md., 1841 ; son of John Francis Price. Educated at Charlotte Hall Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; practiced three years at Stephens City, Frederick County, Md., then for a short time at Ocean Mine, Allegany County, and for the rest of his life (twenty-five years) at Frostburg, Md. Died at Frostburg, April 15, 1900. *Price, Charles. 1801 (?). Born in 1763. Died in Queen Anne's County, Md., June 11, 1808. See lists of 1807 and 1848. 539 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Price, Edward B. i88i. Born at Baltimore, 1822. M.D., University of Maryland ("111."), 1849; appointed from Illinois, Major and Surgeon, U. S. V., July 7, 1846; Assistant Surgeon, Fourteenth Infantry, U. S. A., April 9, 1847; disbanded, July 26, 1848; prac- ticed at New Orleans till 1880; when he returned to Baltimore; later, about 1886, went back to Louisiana and practiced at Alexan- dria. Last entry in Polk's Directory, 1896. *Price, James B. 1839. M.D., University of Pennsylvania (?) (the title is given him in Treasurer's book). Of Ellicott's Mills, How- ard County, Md. Died in 1847. See Treasurer's book. In list of 1848 marked dead. (Can this be "Price, James P., Pennsylvania, 1819," Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania?) Price, James Marshall. 1894. Born in Charles County, Md., Feb- ruary 28, 1869. M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; U. S. Pen- sion Examiner under Cleveland; Director, Western Maryland Hospital; Vice-President, George's Creek Medical Association, Maryland. Of Frostburg, Md. ''^Price, Joseph. Founder. 1799. Of Caroline County, Md. *Price, Thomas Carnes. 1892. Born at Washington, 1830; son of John Francis Price. Educated at Charlotte Hall, graduating ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852 ; settled for practice at Nanje- moy, Charles County, moving to Frostburg, Md. ; in partnership with A. B. Price. Died at Frostburg, Md., November, 1896 (rail- road accident). pRiCHARD, John E. 1890. Born In Wales, February 13, 1830. Emi- grated to America, 1840; educated at Union University, Albany, N. Y.; M.D., Albany Medical College, 1857; in Civil War, 1861-63; settled at Baltimore, 1868. His name is in Polk's Directory, 1886- 98; last entry, 1898. Prigg, Joseph. 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Har- ford County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Prince, Anthony W. 1830. M.D., University of Marj^land, 1827. Died at Baltimore, 1877 or 1878. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873; also Trans., 1878. Prosch, Theodore. 1828. M.D. See list of 1848. 540 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Pryor, James W. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; resided at Middletown, Frederick County, Md., 1829; later, of Ohio. See list of 1848. (There is a Pryor, J. W., Palmyra, Mo., in Polk's Directory, 1886.) *PuE, Arthur. Founder. 1799. Born at EJkridge, Anne Arundel County (now Howard County), Md., August, 1776; son of Dr. Michael P. and Mary Dorsey Pue, of Belmont, Anne Arundel County. Attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsyl- vania, 1794, and at Edinburgh, 1796-97 (not an M.D. of Edin- burgh) ; married Rebecca Buchanan; they had thirteen children, four of whom were physicians ; moved to Baltimore, 1804. A man of influence and a physician of prominence. Died at Baltimore, 1847. *PuE, Arthur, Jr. 1832. Born at Baltimore, 1804. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; studied in Europe; began practice at Baltimore, removing later to Howard County, and engaging in farming. Died near Ellicott City, Md., September 20, 1881. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *PuRNELL, Chesed. 1824. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1819; resided in Northampton County, Va., 1846-54, then returned to Snow Hill, where he pursued farming; retired almost entirely from practice in last twenty-five years of life ; never married. Died near Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., 1862. See Treas- urer's book. *PuRNELL, George Washington. Founder. 1799. Born at "New Fairfield," Worcester County, Md., November 25, 1776. Resided at Snow Hill, Worcester County; "probably one of the youngest of the charter members." Died near Berlin, Md., May 18, 1844. (Two of his four sons were physicians — James R. S. Purnell, who was in the Legislature and who died 1848, and George W. Pur- nell, who went to Louisiana and died in 1861. Two grandsons also became physicians — William Purnell, deceased, of Philadel- phia, and George Purnell, living in Mississippi.) Purnell, James Bowdoin Robins. 1858. Born near Snow Hill, Wor- cester County, Md., January 13, 1829. Educated at University of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; attended lectures subsequently at Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York; practiced at Richmond, Va., 1857; in 1858-59 studied abroad, London, Edin- 541 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY burgh and Paris; began practice at Snow Hill, i860; Physician to County Almshouse; Health Officer, Worcester County, 1896-97; author of work on "Chemical Analysis," 1878; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1900-01. Of Snow Hill, Md. *PuRNELL, James R. S. 1831. Son of G. W. Purnell, Founder. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1830 ; Member of the Legislature, 1848. Of Worcester County, Md. Died of typhoid fever, 1848. *PtnRNELL, John. Founder. 1799. Born at "New Fairfield," Wor- cester County, Md., September 24, 1765; son of IMajor William Purnell. Practiced for a time in Virginia, moving later to Mary- land; M.D., probably at the College of Medicine of Philadelphia. "Mr. John Purnell of Maryland" read before the American Medi- cal Society of Philadelphia, January 27, 1787, "Two Cases of Hepatitis" (Packard, p. 374). "A very cultivated gentleman." Died at Snow Hill, December, 1800. (A son, John Robins Purnell, be- came a physician and moved to Alabama, where he died without descendants. John Purnell Moore, Mayor of Snow Hill, is a great-grandson of this Fotmder.) *PuRNELL, John G. 1816. Brother of Chesed Purnell. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1815; practiced in Worcester County, Md. ; left there about 1825 and settled in Texas. Archives. *Ptjrnell, John Robins. 1831-32. Bom in Worcester County, i\Id. ; son of the Founder, John Purnell. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1819; practiced in Worcester County, Md., and Accomac County, Va. ; about 1839 removed to Selma, Ala., where he died, without descendants, about 1860-65. *PuRNELL, Robert Jenkins Henry. 1816. Born in Worcester County, Aid., December 14, 1786; son of William Purnell. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1811; practiced in Worcester Countj^ and died there, August 13, 1825. *Purnell, William. 1816. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 181 1. Archives. *Queen, William. 1816. Born at Bladensburg, Md., 1793. Edu- cated at Georgetown College ; said to have graduated in medicine "at the Baltimore School ;" Censor, Charles County, Md., 1831 and 1840. "A man of eminence and learning." Died at Brj-antown, Md., March i, 1869, aet. 76. GEORGE FRICK 1793-1870. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY QuiN, James P. 1833- M.D. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. *QuiNAN, John Russell. 1877. Born at Lancaster, Pa., August 7, 1822; son of Rev. Thomas H. Quinan. Educated at Marietta Col- lege, Ohio; pupil of Dr. J. K. Mitchell; M.D., Jefferson, 1844; practiced in Calvert County, Md., for twenty-five years; President of the School Board of Calvert County; removed to Baltimore, 1869; Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence, Woman's Medical Col- lege, 1883-85; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1884-85; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1885-86; author of "Key to Questions on Orthography," etc., 1865 ; "Medical Annals of Baltimore," 1884; one of the Editors of "Foster's Medi- cal Dictionary." Died at Baltimore, November 11, 1890. *QuiNBY, David. 1810. Possibly M.D., College of Medicine of Mary- land. Of Church Hill, Queen Anne County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Radcliffe, James. 1816. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Worcester County Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. The Treasurer signs receipt for license fee, "Rackliffe." Ragan, O. H. Williams. 1890. Born at Hagerstown, Md., July 13, 1852; son of Dr. William Ragan. Educated at Hagerstown Acad- emy and Naval Academy, Annapolis; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1874; Clinical Recorder, University Hospital; began practice at Hagerstown, 1876; Health Officer of Hagerstown and Washing- ton County. Ramsay, Otto Gustaf. 1897. Born at New York City, January 17, 1870. M.D., University of Virginia, 1890; Assistant Resident Phy- sician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1892-94; Assistant Resident Gynae- cologist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1894-97; Resident Gynaecologist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897-98; Chief of Gynaecological Clinic, 1898-1900 ; Instructor in Gynaecology, Johns Hopkins University, 1898-1901 ; Associate in Gynaecology, Johns Hopkins University, 1901 ; Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Yale University, Medical School, 1901 — ; Obstetrician to New Haven Hospital, 1901 — . 251 Church Street, New Haven, Conn. Ramsay, Richard H. 1833. M.D. See list of 1848. *Randall, Bltrton A. 1828. Born at Annapolis, 1805. Pupil of Dr. D. Claude; B.A., St. John's, 1817; M.A., St. John's; M.D., Uni- 35 543 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versity of Pennsylvania, 1828; settled first at Williamsport, Md. ; in Seminole, Creek and Mexican Wars; especially commended by General Twiggs ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1832 ; Surgeon, 1838 ; Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet; Surgeon in Charge of Hospital, 1861- 65; Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet at close of War; Brigadier-Gen- eral, 1866 ; retired, 1869 ; married the niece of General Taylor. Died, February, 1886. See list of 1848. Randolph, Robert Lee. 1890. Born at Baltimore, December i, 1861 ; son of Bishop A. M. Randolph. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Assistant in Ophthalmology and Otology, Johns Hopkins University, 1893, and more recently Associate in same ; Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology, Johns Hopkins Univer- sity, 1901 — ; author of article, "Otology," in "Progressive Medicine," vol. i, 8vo, Lea Bros. & Co., 1899; av^^arded the "Alvarenga Prize," of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 1899, for Essay on "The Regeneration of the Crystalline Lens — an Experimental Study," and the "Boylston Prize" of Harvard University, 1902, for Essay on ■"The Role of the Toxins in Inflammation of the Eye." 816 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Rasin, Robert Cooper. 1891. Bom at Baltimore, October 24, 1865. Ph.D., Loyola College, 1886; M.D., Baltimore University, 1890; U. S. Examining Surgeon, Pension Department, Baltimore. 859 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Rawlings, Daniel. Founder. 1799. Of Calvert County; later, re- sided in Mississippi. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Ray, Jesse Hyde. 1808. A.M., St. John's, 1802 (Q.) ; Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. N., July 20, 1809 ; Surgeon, July 24, 1813. Died Sep- tember 7, 1835 (Medical and Phy^sical Recorder). In list of 1848 marked dead. *Read, John M. 1802 {Federal Gazette, June 25). Born in Mont- gomery County, Md. ; son of Rev. Read. Of Cumberland, Md. Died in 1822 (Q.). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Readell, John Didier. 181 i. Born at Philadelphia, 1790. Educated by Dr. H^orwitz ; student of Dr. P. Chatard ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1811; in Europe, 1811-16; returned to Baltimore, 1816; a Member, Founder, and Secretary of the Delphian Club, the 544 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY" first in Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 182 1 ; Vice-President, Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1848-51 ; Vice-Presi- dent, Historical Society of Maryland ; Judge of the Orphans' Court ; R.W.G.M. of A. F. & A. M. of Maryland, 1852. Died at Balti- more, May 31, 1854. Reading, M. Laura Ewing. 1890. Born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. M.D., Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1885; Post-graduate Course, same, and Johns Hopkins Hospital ; prac- ticed at Baltimore ; later, settled at Atlanta, Ga. ; now Physician in Charge, Oglethorpe-by-the-Sea Sanitarium, Tampa, Fla. *Reardon, James. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Thomas H. Birckhead, Founder; practiced at Magnolia, Harford County ; lived some years at Baltimore, and Physician to Penitentiary; when advanced in life, removed to California, where he died, leaving a family. *Redfield, Chandler. 1820. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1819. Of Pennsylvania. See list of 1848. *Rees, John T. Born in Delaware. Pupil of Dr. Thomas ; MD., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1805; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty 1813 (not known whether he delivered an oration) ; resided at Millington, Kent County, Md. ; died young. In list of 1848 marked dead. (Quinan says a Dr. John T. Reese, of Kent County, died at Philadelphia, 1833, aged 53.) *Reese^ David Meredith. Born in Maryland, 1800. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Vaccine Physician at Baltimore, 1824, and Censor the same year; LL.D.; Professor of Medicine, Castleton College, Vermont, 1841-42 ; Professor of the Institutes of Medi- cine and Medical Jurisprudence, Washington University, Balti- • more, 1842-45 ; Professor of Medicine, Albany Medical College ; Resident Physician, Bellevue Hospital, New York; a Founder of New York Academy of Medicine; Vice-President, American Medical Association, 1857; Professor of Practice of Medicine, New York Medical College, i860; edited "Cooper's Dictionary of Practical Surgery," American edition, 1844; Editor of American Medical Gazette, New York. Died at New York, May 13, 1861. See Trans. American Medical Association, 1861. *Reese, John S. 1829. M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1829. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. 545 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Regester, Wilson Gray. Born in Bath County, Va., February i6, 1845. Educated at Roanoke College, Salem, Va. ; a private in the Artillery, C. S. A.; M.D., Washington Univensity, Baltimore, 1869; began practice in Montgomery County, Md., but removed to Baltimore; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1873-82; M.D., ad eund., University of Maryland, 1880; Vaccine Physician, 1874-75; State Vaccine Agent, 1876-82; At- tending Physician, Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, April 22, 1882. Rehberger, John H. 1890. Born at Baltimore, 1850. Educated at City College, Baltimore ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873. 1709 Aliceanna Street, Baltimore. Reichard, Valentine Milton. 1897. Born in Washington County, Md., October 17, 1858. Educated at Pennsylvania State Normal School; pupil of Dr. J. McP. Scott; M.D., Jefferson Medical Col- lege, 1882; practices at Fairplay, Md. Reiche, Peter H. 1878. Born at Lippestadt, Westphalia, 1837. Edu- cated at Gymnasium at Soest ; emigrated to Baltimore, 1853 ; pupil of Dr. Jas. Bordley, Centerville, Md. ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1869. 906 Gorsuch Avenue, Baltimore. Reid, E. Miller. 1881. Born near Lancaster, O., November 15, 1844. Pupil of Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1864-65; Professor of Physiology, etc., Baltimore University, 1888-92; Professor of Dis- eases of the Nervous System, and of the Throat and Chest, Baltimore University, 1892 — ; President of Faculty of Baltimore University, 1896 — . 904 North Fremont Avenue, Baltimore. Reik, Henry Ottrage. 1895. Born at Baltimore, May 23, 1868; son of Henry A. Reik. Removed to Delaw^are ; educated at Frederica (Del.) High School; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1888; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; Assistant in Ophthalmology and Otology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1897 — •; Surgeon, Balti- more Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital, 1898 — . 5 West Pres- ton Street, Baltimore. Reinhard^ Gustav Arnold Ferdinand. 1872. Born at Melsungen, Province of Hessen-Nassau, Germany, April i, 1840. Graduated from the Gymnasium of Hisfeld, 1858; studied at the Universities of Wiirzburg and Marburg ; M.D., University of Marburg, 1863 ; 546 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY passed Staats-examen ; Physician, North German Lloyd Steamship Company; studied at the University of Berlin, 1866; Surgeon, Austro-Prussian War, 1866-67; emigrated to Baltimore, 1868. 1400 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. Reinhart, David Jerome. 1878. Born at Middletown, Frederick County, Md., March 26, 1845. Pupil of Dr. Isaac N. Wood, of Newmarket, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; settled at Baltimore, 1878; Sanitary Inspector, Health Department of Balti- more, 1898-1900. 1 1 18 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Rennolds, Henry T. Born at Baltimore, January 8, 1844. Educated at High School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; studied at Long Island College Hospital; Attending Physician, Eastern Dis- pensary, 1867-77; Physician to Kelso Orphan Asylum, 1874 — ; President, Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore. 2004 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. i Requardt, William Whitall. 1899. Born at Baltimore, August 7, 1872. Educated at Deichman's School and Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; Assistant Chief of Dispensary ; Chief of Surgical Clinic and Demonstrator of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore; Coroner. 2235 Eutaw Place, Baltimore. Reuling, George. 1896. Born at Darmstadt, Germany, November 11, 1839. Studied at Munich, Vienna, Berlin and Giesen, 1860-66; M.D., University of Giesen, 1866; Surgeon, Prussian Army, Austro- Prussian War, 1866; Assistant Surgeon, Eye Hospital, Wiesbaden, 1866-67; after further study in Paris, 1867-68, settled at Balti- more as Specialist in Eye and Ear Diseases; Founder, and At- tending Physician, Maryland Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1868; Vice- President, Baltimore German Medical Society; Professor of Eye and Ear Diseases, Washington University, Baltimore, 1871-73 ; Pro- fessor of Eye and Ear Diseases, Baltimore Medical College ; Oculist and Aurist to Maryland General Hospital and Home for the Aged. 103 West Monument Street, Baltimore. Reuling, Robert C. 1898. Born at Baltimore, 1872. Educated at Deichman's School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., Balti- more Medical College, 1894; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1897-98; Lecturer on Neurology, Baltimore Medical College, 1898-99; studied at Berlin, 1898; Demonstrator of Neuropathology, University of Maryland, 1899-1900; Lecturer, 547 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1900-01 ; Clinical Assistant in Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1899—. 103 West Monument Street, Baltimore. Reuter, John Henry F. 1837. Of Baltimore. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. *Revell, Henry M. 1878. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., Sep- tember 12, 1854. Educated at St. John's College; taught school; pupil of his father (Dr. Wm. T. Revell) ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1876; President, Anne Arundel County School Board, eight years. Died at Asbury, Anne Arundel County, Md., July 2, 1901. *Revere, John. 1817. Born at Boston, March 17, 1787; son of the celebrated Paul Revere. A.B., Harvard, 1807; pupil of Dr. James Jackson; M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1811 (Thesis, "De Insania") ; practiced at Boston, 1811-16; settled at Baltimore and made some valuable discoveries in Applied Chemistry; Professor of Chemistry, Maryland Institute; in Europe, 1829-31; Professor, Practice of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, 1831-40; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, University of New York, 1840-47; author of "Magendie's Summary of Physiology," translation, Balti- more, 1824; translated "Surgical Essays" by Baron D. J. Larrey, Baltimore, 1823 ; published before his death part of a w^ork on "Practice." Died at New York, May 7, 1847. Reynolds, George Brown. Bom in Cumberland County, Va., October 26, 1846. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., Washing- ton University, Baltimore, 1872 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1872-73 ; Resident Physician, Washington University Hospital, 1873-76; Vaccine Physician, 1874-75; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Washington University, Baltimore, 1873-76; Visiting Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1876-83 ; Physician to Boys' Home ; Consulting Physician, Hospital for Consumptives ; Medical Exam- iner, Royal Arcanum, etc. 809 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Reynolds, John C. Born in Cecil County, Md. A.M., Dickinson, 1825; pupil of Dr. R. Archer; M.D., University of Maryland, 1831; appointed from Pennsylvania, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., May i, 1835; resigned, July 25, 1838; Major and Surgeon of Volunteers, December 17, 1846; disbanded, August 8, 1848; Surgeon, Mexican War, 1847-48. A distinguished surgeon (Q.). See list of 1848. *RicH, Arthur, Jr. 1838. Born at Cambridge, Md., 1815. M.D., University of Maryland, 1836. Died at Baltimore, April 25, 1880. See Treasurer's book. 548 MiEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY FiCH, Herbert Lowell. 1899. Born at Charlotte, Me., June 23, 1865. Ph.B., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1888; Instructor of Science, Lasell Seminary, Auburndale, Mass.; Prosector of Anatomy, Tufts Medical College, 1897-98; M.D., Tufts Medical College, Boston, 1898; practiced at Baltimore a short time and then removed to Dallas, Tex. Richardson, Thomas Leonard. Born at Bristol, Tenn., September i, 1857. Educated at Riddleberger's School, Edinburg, Va. ; Ph.G. and Prizeman, Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1884; Commissioner of Pharmacy of Maryland; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1898; Postmaster, Hampden; President, Alumni Association, Maryland College of Pharmacy; in drug business twenty-seven years; practices at 211 West Twenty-fifth Street, Baltimore. *Rickert, William. 1881. Born in 1855. M.D., College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1879; President, Alumni Associa- tion, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1884-85. Died at Bal- timore, September 22, 1897. RiDGELY, James L. 1894. Born in Baltimore County, June 4, 1867; son of Henry C. Ridgely. M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Health Warden, Fifteenth Ward. Address, Forest Park, Baltimore. *Ridgely, John 1800. A.B., St. John's, 1796 (Q.) ; Visitor, St. John's, 1813 (Q.) ; Censor of Annapolis, 1819 and 1826; appointed Sur- geon, U. S. N., July 2, 1803; captured on Frigate "Philadelphia" at Tripoli, October 31, 1804; commanded under pain of death to cure Bey's daughter; under his care she recovered and the Bey offered her in marriage, but Ridgely declined; freedom of the city was offered Ridgely, who was loaded with presents; Ridgely re- signed, August 26,- 1808, and became Minister to Tripoli. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *RiD0UT, John. i8i6(?). B.A., St. John's College, 1810; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1816; in 1819 lived at Hagerstown, Washington County; Censor, 1819 and 1840; Visitor, St. John's College, 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853 and Trans., 1856. *RiGGiN, Henry H. 1822. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822. Of Monie, Somerset County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *RiGGS, Augustus, Sr. 1826. Born January 9, 1804. Said to have graduated from University of Maryland ; name not in Catalogue. 549 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Of Anne Arundel County, Md. Died January ii, 1873. See lists of 1848 and 1853. RiGGS, George Henry. 1893. Born at Ijamsville, Md., June 20, 1870. Educated at Glen Ellen Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; Associate Resident Physician, Matley Hill Sanitarium, 1892- 94; Superintendent and Resident Physician, Riggs Cottage for Nervous and Mental Diseases, Ijamsville, Md., since 1896. Riley^ Charles H. 1882. Born at Baltimore, April 16, 1856; son of Dr. William Riley. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1878; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Interne, Woman's Hospital, New York, 1880-81 ; a Founder and Assistant Surgeon, Woman's Hospital of Baltimore; Professor of Obstetrics, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1898 — ; Trustee of the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Asylum. 11 13 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Riley, William. 1832. Born at Baltimore, February 17, 1807. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832; settled at Baltimore; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1832-33 ; Trustee of the Sheppard Asylum. Died at Baltimore, August 15, 1887. Ringgold, Horace. 1826. See list of 1848. *RiTCHiE, Albert. 1828. Born near Frederick, Md. M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1826; Vice-President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1853-54; practiced at Frederick all his life and died there, 1858. See lists of 1848 and 1853 and Trans., 1856. Roach, James. 1822. See Treasurer's receipt and list of 1848. *RoACH, William H. Founder. 1799. Of St. Mary's County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. See newspaper, July 6, 1809. RoBB, Hunter. 1890. Born at Burlington, N. J., 1862. Educated at Burlington College and the University of Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1884; First Assistant, Kensington Hospital for Women, Philadelphia, 1884-88; Resident Gynaecolo- gist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889-90; Associate in Gynae- cology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891-94; Professor of Gynae- cology, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, O., 1894 — ; Gyne- cologist in Chief. Lakeside Hospital, 1898 — ; a contributor to several systems of Gynecology and Obstetrics ; author, "Aseptic < Surgical Technique, with Especial Reference to Gynaecological Operations." 702 Rose Building, Cleveland, O. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ^Roberts, George. Born in Chapel District, near Easton, Md. Early- licensed to preach by the M. E. Church; was located successively, in New England, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Anna- polis; at Philadelphia he attended two courses of medical lectures, but his engagements required him to leave before taking his degree ; finally located at Baltimore and entered on practice, 1806 ; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1818; continued to practice until his death. Died at Baltimore, August 2, 1827. All his sons were graduates of medicine ; George, Thomas, Samuel, William and Charles. ^Roberts, George C. M. 1826. Born at Baltimore, June 29, 1806. Educated at Asbury College; A.M.; pupil of his father (George Roberts) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; D.D., Newton Uni- versity, Baltimore; Acting Surgeon, Fort McHenry, 1842 (Q.) ; began practice at Baltimore, 1827; Professor of Obstetrics, Wash- ington University, Baltimore, for three years; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1854-56; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859-70; a Founder of the American Medical Association ; a practitioner of medicine and also a Presbyter of the M. E. Church. Died at Baltimore, January 15, 1870. See Trans., American Medical Association, 1870. *Roberts, Samuel L. P. 1821. Son of George Roberts, M.D., the elder. M.D., University of Maryland, 1820; practiced at Balti- more. Died in 1823 (Q.). In list of 1848 marked dead. ^Roberts, Thomas A. 1825. Born May 4, 1804; son of Dr. George Roberts. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; after graduation went from Baltimore to Cecil County, locating at Cecilton, where he practiced up to his death. Died at Cecilton, August 8, 1871. No children. Roberts, William Miller. 1898. Born near Lake Roland, Baltimore County, Md., May 15, 1872. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1892; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; resided at Baltimore until 1900; Assistant in Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, when he became Acting Assistant Surgeon of U. S. V. and served in the Philippines; in 1901, was appointed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A.; in charge of the Government Hospital at San Francisco, Cal. ; Sur- geon, with rank of Major, Manila, P. I. (Polk's Directory, 1902). Robertson, George E. Of Hunting Creek, Caroline County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. (There is a "Robertson, Geo. J., 1834, Md.," alumni list. University of Maryland.) MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Robertson, H. W. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md. ; later, of Mississippi. See list of 1848. *RoBERTSON, James B. 1826. Born at White Haven, Somerset County, Md. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Died in Calvert County, Md., 1856, aet. 53 (Q.). See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. Robins, Morris Cooper. 1895. Born at Baltimore, January 14, 1870. M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1894; Resident Physician, University Hospital; Resident Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary; Lecturer, Baltimore Medical Col- lege; Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis, University of Maryland; Assistant Surgeon, Throat Department, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital ; Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland. 1532 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. *RoBiNSON^ Alexander C. 1833. Born at Baltimore, 1810. A.B., Yale, 1830; M.D., University of Maryland, 1832; Attending Phy- sician, Baltimore Almshouse ; Lecturer on Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1841-42. "A man of striking appearance, graceful manners, fine taste and great command of language, hospitable, charitable and benevolent." Died in Baltimore County, November 9, 1871. *RoBiNSON, George Law. Born at Baltimore, February 7, 1844; son of last-named. Pupil of Prof. N. R. Smith ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; studied in hospitals in Europe, 1867-68; returned to Baltimore and made Surger}^ a specialty; Vaccine Physician, 1870-73 ; a Founder of the Epidemiological Association ; Professor of Operative Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- more. Died at Baltimore, September 11, 1873. See Trans., 1874. Robinson, John H. 1891. M.D., University of Maryland, 1883. 726 East Preston Street, Baltimore. *RoBiNsoN, Thomas. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Robinson, William Kirkv^^ood. 1896. Born at Baltimore, March 2, 1869; son of Dr. Robert K. Robinson. Educated at Baltimore City College; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1893; Assistant Resident Physician, Uni- MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY versity Hospital, 1893-94; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1894-95; Assistant in Nose and Throat Department, Johns Hopkins Dispensary, 1894-96 ; settled at Denver, Col., 1897; Laryngologist and Rhinologist, National Jewish Hos- pital for Consumptives, Steele Memorial Hospital for Contagious Diseases and Denver Emergency Hospital. Stedman Building, 736 Fourteenth Street, Denver, Col. *RoBY, Joseph. Born at Wiscasset, Me., 1807. A.B., Brown Univer- sity, 1828, and later, A.M.; MB., Harvard, 1831 ; settled at Bos- ton; Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, Bowdoin College, Me., 1837-43; Professor of Practice, Materia Medica and Patho- logical Anatomy, Dartmouth College, N. H., 1840-49; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Maryland, 1842-60; Lec- turer on Practice, University of Maryland, 1842-44; Emeritus Pro- fessor, i860. He ranked among the best lecturers on Anatomy in America. Died at Baltimore, June 3, i860. *RoESLER, John Charles. 1818. Of Emmitsburg, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *R0GERS, James Blythe. 1828. Born at Philadelphia, February 11, 1802; eldest son of P. K. Rogers. Educated at Baltimore and at William and Mary College; student of Dr. Thomas E. Bond, of Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; began practice at Little Britain, Lancaster County, Pa. ; later, Professor of Chem- istry, Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1828-35 ; Lecturer at Mechanics' Institute and engaged in geological surveys; Professor of Chemistry, Cincinnati Medical College, 1835-39; removed to Phil- adelphia, 1840; Lecturer on Chemistry, Philadelphia Medical Insti- tute, 1841-44; Professor of Chemistry in Franklin Institute, 1844-47; Professor of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 1847-52 ; author of a work on Chemistry (jointly with his brother), 1846. A noted chemist and geologist; of a distinguished family of scientists; of a very delicate physical constitution. Died at Philadelphia, June 15, 1852. See list of 1848. *RoGERS, John. 1816. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822 ("S. C"). Of Talbot County, Md. Died at Easton, 1832 (Q.). In list of 1848 marked dead. Rogers, John M. B. 1894. Born at Baltimore, January 10, 1B48, Educated at St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1877; Examiner for several insurance companies. Of Ellicott City, IMd. 553 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *RoGERS, Patrick Kerr. Born in Ireland. Father of Profs. Jas. B. and Robt. E. Rogers. Emigrated to America, 1791; medical pupil of Dr. Barton, of Philadelphia; Tutor in University of Pennsyl- vania, 1799-1800; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1802; removed to Baltimore; Physician to Hibernian Society, 1816; Orator, Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1820; Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, William and Mary College, 1819-28. Died at Williamsburg, Va., 1828. See list of 1848. *RoGERS, William. 1800. Of the Western Shore of Maryland. See Treasurer's MS. book. *RoHE, George Henry. 1877. Born in Baltimore County, Md., Jan- uary 26, 1851. Educated at the public schools; pupil of Dr. A. F. Erich, 1867; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873; Vaccine Phy- sician; studied Dermatology under Dr. K Wigglesworth, Boston; Assistant Physician, Boston Dispensary for Skin Diseases, 1876; Lecturer on Skin Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1877; in the United States Signal Service, 1878; A.M. (Honorary), Loyola College, Baltimore; Acting Assistant Sur- geon, U. S. A., 1885 ; Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1890-91 ; Professor of Materia Medica, etc.. College of Physicians and Sur- geons, 1881-99; President, American Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 1893-94; Vice-President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1890-91 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1893-94; Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Catonsville, 1891-96; Superintendent, Second Hospital for the In- sane, Springfield, 1895-99; President, Maryland Public Health Association and American Public Health Association, 1898-99; Sur- geon, Fifth Regiment, V. C, 1898-99; author of "Text-Book of Hygiene," first edition, 1885 ; third edition, 1897 ; "Practical Man- ual of Skin Diseases," 1885-86 and (with Lord) 1892; joint author (with Liebig) of "Electricity in Practical Medicine and Surgery," 1890; Associate Editor of Independent Practitioner, 1882, and Annual Universal Medical Science, 1890 ; Editor of Medical Chron- icle, 1882-85. Died at New Orleans, February 6, 1899. *RoLAND, Thomas. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Rolando, Henry. 1887. Born at Baltimore, 1861. A.B., Johns Hop- kins University, 1881 ; M.D. and Examination Medalist, University of Maryland, 1883 ; Resident Physician, Presbyterian Hospital, New 554 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY York; later, practiced at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, October 4, Roman, Samuel T. 1889. Born in Eighth District, Cecil County, Md., September 26, 1839. Educated at West Nottingham Acad- emy (4 years) and Princeton (4 years) ; A.B., Princeton, 1861 ; A.M., Princeton, 1864; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1865; Acting Medical Cadet, Cuyler, U. S. A., General Hospital; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Cuyler, U. S. A., General Hospital; for six years a member of Elkton Examining Board, U. S. A. Of Cono- wingo, Cecil County, Md. RoMiG, John. 1838. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1825. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. RoSEBERRY, Benjamin S. 1887. Born in Kent County, Md., Novem- ber IS, 1853 ; son of James Allen Roseberry. Educated at Wash- ington' College, Chestertown, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1874; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Baltimore University, 1883-88; practiced at Baltimore until 1888, when he removed to Lacon, 111. ; in 1895 his health broke down and he went to New Mexico ; in 1897 removed to Colorado ; his health is restored, and he now practices at Victor, Col. Rosenthal, Melvin Samuel. 1894. Born at Baltimore, August 12, 1871. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1892; Resident Phy- sician, City Hospital, 1893; Resident Physician, Hebrew Hospital, 1894-98 ; Assistant Quarantine Physician, 1898+ ; Associate Profes- sor of Genito-urinary Surgery and Dermatology, College of Physi- cians and Surgeons. 181 1 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. *RossE, Zadock Henry. Born at Snow Hill, Worcester County, Md., 1799; son of George Rosse, of Worcester County, Md,, and father of Dr. Irving C. Rosse, of Washington, D. C. Educated at Wash- ington Academy, Snow Hill, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; practiced at East Newmarket; later, in Lower Dorchester County, being also Judge of the Orphans' Court of Dorchester County; retired from practice and moved to Cambridge, 1849, devoting himself to agriculture. Died at Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., April 19, i860. See list of 1848. RoussET, Henry F. Censor, Caroline County, Md., 1840. Of Greens- boro, Caroline County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 555 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY RowE, MoNMONiER. 1890. M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1881. 1835 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Rowland, Ernest. 1899. Born at Baltimore, August 2, 1874. Edu- cated at West Nottingham Academy; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895 ; practiced since at Liberty Grove, Md. Rowland, James M. H. 1894. Born at Liberty Grove, Md., Feb- ruary 14, 1867. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1892; Resident Physician, Maryland General Hospital ; Associate Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College; Professor of Obstetrics, Bal- timore Medical College. 1204 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. ^Rowland, Thomas. 1824. Surgeon, U. S. N., July 25, 1798; resigned, January 23, 1799 (Hammersley). Of Baltimore (1802), See list of 1848. ^Rowland, William B. 1884. Born at Rowlandsville, Cecil County, Md., 1811. A.M., Columbia College, New York; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1834; Member of Maryland House of Delegates, 1884; practiced at Rowlandsville, Md. Died at Philadelphia, Sep- tember 6, 1885. RuBEL, Peter. 1817. M.D. Of Sharpsburg, Washington County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Rucco, Julius. 1817. M.D. See list of 1848. Ruhrah, John. 1896. Born at Chillicothe, O., September 26, 1872. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1894; Assistant Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1894-95 ; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1895-97; Physician in Charge of the Pas- teur Department, City Hospital, 1897-98; Lecturer on Bacteriology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1896-98; Quarantine Phy- sician, Baltimore, 1898; Associate Professor of Diseases of Chil- dren and Demonstrator of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Present title : Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children. 839 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. *Runkel, John. 1817. Of Emmitsburg, Md. (A Dr. Runkel is said to have practiced in Frederick County in 1792 — Q.) Mentioned (1803) by Scharf, "History of Western Maryland," 1882. Rusk, George Glanville. 1874. Born at Baltimore, September i, 1846. Graduated from Baltimore City College, 1863 ; pupil of MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Monkur; M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery, Baltimore Medical College, 1884- 85 ; Physician in Charge of Private Sanitarium. 2000 East Balti- more Street, Baltimore. *RussELL, John. 1822. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1821. Of Pennsylvania. See list of 1848. Russell, William W. 1896. Born at Minneapolis, Minn., July 29, 1866. C.E., Pennsylvania Military Academy; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1890; Associate in Gynaecology, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; Associate Professor of Gynsecology, 1901 — . 700 North Howard Street, Baltimore. *RussuM, Sydenham Thorne. 1813. Born in Dorchester County, Md. Censor, Talbot County, 1840. Of Wye Mills, Talbot County, Md. Died at Wye Mills, April, 1852. See list of 1848. *Rutter, Edward John. 1836. Born at Baltimore ; son of Thos. B. Rutter, cashier of Farmers and Planters Bank. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1837; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., September 6, 1837; Surgeon, September 20, 1850; drowned at sea, April 30, 1852 (Hammersley). No children. See list of 1848. Sadtler, Charles E. 1892. Born in Cumberland County, Pa., Octo- ber 2, 1851. A.M., Pennsylvania College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873 ; Dispensary Physician, University of Maryland. 1800 Bolton Street, Baltimore. *Salzer, Henry. 1878. Born in Germany, 1841. Educated at Uni- versities of Wiirzburg and Giessen; M.D., Giessen, 1866; began practice at Hessen ; Surgeon, Franco-Prussian War, 1870 ; settled at Baltimore, 1872; Lecturer on Diseases of the Stomach, Balti- more Medical College ; Specialist in Gastric Diseases. Died at Bal- timore, June 19, 1896. *Sanderson, William Raymond. 1837. Born in Maryland, 1810. M.D., University of Maryland, 1834. Died at Frederick, Md., November 17, 1887. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. Sandrock, William Christian. i8go. Born at Baltimore, October 2, 1854. Educated at Knapp's Institute; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1875; M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; Vice- President, Adams County Medical Association, Pennsylvania, 557 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1887-89; President, School Board, New Oxford, Pa., 1886-88. 1242 North Broadway, Baltimore. *Sands, William. 1823. Born in 1803. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1823. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. Died June 24, 1879. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Sanger, Frank Dyer. 1891. Born at Canterbury, Conn., August 27, 1864. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1888; Resident Physician, Woman's Hospital ; Resident Physician, Bay- view Hospital ; Resident Physician, Nursery and Child's Hospital ; Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Chest, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. 525 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Sappington^ Francis Brown. Founder. 1799. Son of Francis Sap- pington. Of Libertytown, Frederick County, Md. ; married Ann Ridgley, November 2, 1783. Died at Libertytown about 1839, at an advanced age. (A picture of this Founder was exhibited at the Centennial.) See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *Sappington, John. 1825. Born in Harford County, Md., 1801 ; son of Richard Sappington. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1825 ; practiced in York County, Pa., and Harford County, Md. Died in 1869. *Sappington, John K. 1836. Born in Maryland, May 15, 1776. Lived at Deer Creek, Harford County, Md. ; pupil of his father (R. Sap- pington) ; practiced at Nashville ; later, at Franklin, Tenn. ; later, in Kentucky, 1807; finally settled at Franklin, 1820; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1817; author of a "Treatise on Fevers," 1844 (used ergot in obstetrical practice in 1831 — Q.). Died in Salem County, Ky., September 7, 1856. Sappington^ Purnell Fletcher. 1888. Born at Baltimore, Novem- ber 8, 1864. Educated at St. James College; Ph. G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1884; M.D., University of Maryland, 1887; Physician, Northeastern Dispensary, 1888-98; Secretary, Baltimore County Health Board, 1897-98; practices at Govanstown, Md. *Sappington, Richard. 1801 (?). Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., 1755. Surgeon, Revolutionary Army, and wounded. Died at Havre de Grace, Harford County, Md., 1826. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Sappington, Thomas. 1854. Born at Libertytown, Frederick County, Md., October 16, 1816; son of Col. Thomas Sappington; grandson of Dr. F. B. Sappington, Founder. Educated at St. John's College, Frederick ; attended one course of lectures at the University of Maryland, a second at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated, 1839; practiced at Libertytown, 1839-53, then removed to Baltimore; retired about 1876. Died at Baltimore, August 11, 1901. Sappington, Thomas P. Born at Unionville, Md., February 7, 1847; son of Dr. G. R. Sappington. A.B., Calvert College, New Windsor, Md., 1867 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869 ; a Charter Member of Frederick County Medical Association ; has practiced since 1869 at Unionville, Frederick County, Md. See Trans., 1873. *Sappington, William B. 1821. Son oi Dr. Richard Sappington, of Harford County, Surgeon in Continental Army during Revolu* tion. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1812. Of Havre de Grace, 1821-48. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Sasscer, Reverdy. 1899. Born at Upper Marlboro, Prince George County, Md., 1874. M.D., University of Maryland, 1897. Of Upper Marlboro, Md. Saunders, Joseph Bernard. 1890. Born at Baltimore, April 25, 1864. Graduated from Baltimore City College; in the drug business, 1878-83; pupil of Dr. T. S. Latimer; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885; Dispensary Physician, 1885-96; Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1894-96 ; Physician, St. Elizabeth's Home, 1886-97; Medical Director, Western Maryland Railroad Relief Association ; President, Maryland Pilgrims Associa- tion ; Vaccine Physician at Baltimore for five years; Coroner. 219 East Preston Street, Baltimore. Savin, Thomas Littleton. 1899. Born in Baltimore County, Md., February 25, 1875. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1897. 1349 York Road, Baltimore. Saxton, Alexander H. 1878. Born at Baltimore, September 2, 1842. Educated at Georgetown College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1863 ; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, four years ; Vaccine Physician, ten years ; United States Pension Sur- geon, eight years; Medical Examiner, John Hancock and Penn Mutual Life Insurance Companies, Royal Arcanum, Catholic Benevolent Legion and Ancient Order of United Workmen; At- 36 559 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tending Physician, St. Joseph's House of Industry and House of the Good Shepherd. 1136 West Lexington Street, Baltimore. *ScANLAN, James. 1801 (?). Censor, 1819-22. Of Georgetown, Cecil County, Md. ScARFF, John Henry. Born in Harford County, Md., March 17, 1851 ; son of Joshua Hardesty Scarfif. Educated at the Pennsyl- vania Normal School; pupil of Dr. M. L. Jarrett; M.D., Washing- ton University, Baltimore, 1876; Vaccine Physician, 1878-82; Pro- fessor of Gynaecology, Baltimore Medical College, for several years. 411 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *ScHAEFFER, Edward Morton. 1891. Bom at Baltimore, 1856. Edu- cated at Dickinson and Harvard Colleges ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880; Physical Director, Washington and Lee Univer- sity, 1893 ; First Chairman, General Sanitation Committee of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1896-98; Editor, Health Journal. Baltimore ; one of the Founders of the Maryland Public Health Association, 1897; First Vice-President, Maryland Public Health Association, 1897; President of same, 1898-99; from 1887, Specialist in Physical Training and Hygiene. Died at Baltimore, April 23, 1901 (from suicide). ScHEiDT, Robert P. C. 1893. Born at Baltimore, August 17, 1858. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1881 ; M.D., Baltimore University, 1893. 1318 South Charles Street, Baltimore. ScHiNDEL, Edward Myley. 1892. Born in Washington County, Md., May 4, 1854. Graduated from Pennsylvania State Normal School, Millersville, 1874 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883 ; Physician, Bellevue Asylum, 1892-96 ; Member of Board of Pension Surgeons ; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1891 — ; Mayor of Hagers- town, Md., 1898- 1902. *Schley, Thomas. 1801. Of the Western Shore of Maryland. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. ^Schneider, Gerard Joseph. About 1820. Born at Diisseldorf, Ger- many. Partner of Dr. Godfrey Wise. Died in Frederick County, Md., December 26, 1821. See list of 1848. *ScHNivELY, Jacob. Founder. 1799. Of Hagerstown, Washington County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. (A Jacob C. Snively died in Washington County, October 17, 1862, aged 87 — Scharf's "Western Maryland.") 560 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ScHOCH, Jacob L. About 1872. Born at Movant Carmel, III., May 14, 1843; son of M. P. Schoch. Pupil of Dr. Dunbar, 1863-64; at Jef- ferson Medical College, 1864-65 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; except a year each at Carlisle, Pa., and Texas, has practiced ever since at Shippensburg, Cumberland County, Pa. See Trans., 1873. *ScHWARTZE, Aug. I. 1831. Born in Germany. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1829; President, Chesapeake Marine Insurance Company, Baltimore; President, American Mutual Ma- rine Insurance Company, Baltimore. Died at Baltimore. See list of 1848. *ScHWARTZE, Edw^ard. 1828. Born at Baltimore, December i, 1805. Pupil of Dr. Wm. Handy. M.D., Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1828; President, American Mutual Marine Insurance Company, Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, March 12, 1886. ScHWATKA, John Bushrod. 1891. Born at Chestertown, Md., Feb- ruary 19, 1861. Educated at the Academy of Sudlersville ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882 ; practiced in Delaware, 1882-83 ; settled at Baltimore, 1883; Vaccine Physician, 1885-87; Assistant Medical Examiner, 1887; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1885 ; Lecturer on Regional Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1887-95 ; Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Univer- sity, 1895-98; Professor of Diseases of Children, and Clinical Med- icine, Maryland Medical College, 1898 — ; President, Baltimore Med- ical and Surgical Society, 1897-98; Assistant Surgeon, Fourth Regiment, M. N. G., 1896+; Sheriff of Baltimore, 1899-1901. 1003 North Broadway, Baltimore. ScHWATKA, William H. 1891. Born at Chestertown, Md., January 7, 1863. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890; Vaccine Phy- sician, 1891+. 2429 Fait Avenue, Baltimore. *ScoTT, Edward. Fotindcr. 1799. Son of a physician of Qiester- town, Kent County, Md. Educated at Washington College, Ches- tertown ; medical student of Dr. James M. Anderson ; attended lectures at Philadelphia, but it is not known whether he took a degree; practiced at Georgetown Cross Roads (now Galena), for thirty years, and was the acknowledged head of the profession there. "He was handsome, dignified, refined, courteous and elo- quent and a sincere Christian. He had a slight defect in one eye. For many years he was an invalid from rheumatic gout, but lived to an old age." Died October i, 1803. 561 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *ScoTT, Edward. Born in 1786 (Q.). Censor, Kent County, 1831 and 1840 (American Journal of Medical Sciences and Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal). Died October i, 1842 {Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. iii). Scott, Edward A. Born at Galena, Kent County, Md., January 6, 1859. Graduated from Conference Academy, Dover, Del., 1876; A.B., St. John's College, 1880; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; A.M., St. John's College, 1887; practices at Galena, Md. Scott, John McPherson. i8qo. Born at Hagerstown, April 12, 1850; son of Dr. Norman B. Scott. A.B. and A.M., Pennsylvania Colkge, Gettysburg; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1873; began practice at Hagerstown; Member of House of Delegates, 1876 and 1880; Member of Board of Medical Examiners of Maryland since organization, 1892, and Secretary of same since 1896 ; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1890-91 and 1898-99; Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1901-C2: Surgeon, West- ern Maryland Railroad ; Health Officer, Washington County, Md. P. O., Hagerstown, Md. *ScoTT, John N. 1819. M.D. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. Scott, Norman B. 1890. Born at Bruceville, Carroll County, Md., 1819. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., University of New York, 1844; settled at Hagerstown shortly after; served in hos- pitals at Hagerstown after battles oi Antietam and Gettysburg; retired ; resides at Hagerstown, Md. Scott, Stanhope McC. 1874. M.D., University of Virginia, 1871. Of Cumberland, Md., now of Terra Alta, Preston County, W. Va. See Trans., 1874. *ScoTT, Thomas, Jr. 1812. Of Upper Marlboro, Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *ScoTT, Thomas Clagett. 1806. Born in Prince George County, Md., December 4, 1784. Educated at Charlotte Hall, Md. ; pupil of Dr. William Beans, of Upper Marlboro, and at the University of Pennsylvania, 1804-05 ; began practice in Alontgomery County, Md., 1807; in Loudon County, Va., 1809-13; thence to Frederick County, Md. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1812; removed to Washington, D. C, 1823 ; Physician to the Penitentiary. Died at Washington, D. C, September 7, 1837, of congestive chill. 562 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *ScoTT, Upton. Founder. 1799. Born at Templepatrick, County of Antrim, Ireland, 1722. M.D., University of Glasgow, 1753; Sur- geon's Mate to the British Army in the Highlands and Flanders, 1747-53- serving under General Wolfe; emigrated to Maryland with Governor Sharpe, 1753; Sheriff of Anne Arundel County, 1759; Secretary of Council, 1763-68; Secretary of the Upper House of Assembly, 1768-71 ; Secretary to Governor Eden, 1770; ap- pointed Secretary of Council by Lord Baltimore, 1763, on recom- mendation of Governor Sharpe ("Archives of Maryland," vol. iv, p. 130) ; in this office he succeeded his father-in-law, Mr. Ross, who had become too old and whose sight was failing (Mr. Ross had held it forty years and had spent all he had made) ; Visitor to St. John's College, 1790; First President, Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty, 1799-1801, resigning at the latter date; left Mary- land, being a royalist, 1776; returned 1780. Died at Annapolis, February 23, 1814. (As to dates of birth and death, see Penn- sylvania Magazine of History and Biography, January, 1896, "M." Notes and Queries. A photograph of him, colored, taken from a miniature, in possession of Dr. C. Birnie, also his medical diplotna, his medicine chest and a letter to him from Cullen, are in the hall.) Selby, Walter O. 1899. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1891. Of Rock Hall, Md *S£LBY, William F. 1805 (?). M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1806. Of Worcester County, Md. ; later, of Alabama. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Newspaper, July 6, 1809. SsLDNER, Samuel William. 1875. Born at Baltimore, February 2, 1851 ; son of Abram Seldner. M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; Visiting Physician, Hebrew Hospital, 1891 ; Attending Physician to Home for Incurables. 1501 East Eager Street, Baltimore. ^Sellers, Henry D. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825; Censor, Baltimore. Of Pittsburg, Pa. See list of 1848. Sellman, William Alfred Belt. 1875. Born at Barnesville, Mont- gomery County, Md., June 10, 1850. Educated at Frederick Academy and St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville; pupil of Prof. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; Clinical Assistant to Prof. N. R. Smith; Professor of Gynaecology, Baltimore Uni- versity, 1884-92; Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Balti- more University, 1892 — ; Visiting Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary. 5 East Biddle Street, Baltimore. 563 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Semmes, Benedict J. 1811. Born in Charles County, Md., 1789. M.D,, College of Medicine, Maryland, 1811 ( ?) ; Censor, 1818; Member of House of Delegates, 1821-28, 1842-43; Speaker; in Congress, 1829 and 1851. Of Piscataway, Prince George County, Md. See list of I *Seth, William E. 1801 (?). "Received diploma from the Man- agers and Physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital as authorized to practice medicine. May 5, 1796;" practiced in Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties until his death. Died April, 1813. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Sewall, Thomas R. 1831. M.D. ; v^^as present at meeting of 1848. Of Baltimore. See MS. Proceedings and lists of 1848 and 1853. Sexton, Richard. 1826. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1826; Censor, 1840. Of Delaware ; later, of Baltimore. See list of 1848. Seymour, William Spedden. 1899. Born near Trappe, Talbot County, Md., January 20, 1871. Educated at Trappe High School ; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1892 ; attended College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons and University of Maryland; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1895 : Examiner, Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany; practices at Trappe, Md. *Shaaff, John Thomas. Founder. 1799. Born in Frederick County. Md., 1752, of German parentage. Practiced at Annapolis for some years ; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1799-1801 ; Member of the Governor's Council, 1798-1800; Visitor to St. John's College, Annapolis, 1802 ; removed to the District of Columbia; a Founder of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1819 ; Vice-President, Columbia Institute ; practiced for many years at Georgetown, D. C, and died there May 3, 1819. (A daughter of Dr. Shaaff married Bishop Johns, of Virginia. See inscription on tombstone in Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D. C, where he is spoken of as "Alumnus of Edinburgh.") *Shane, Samuel. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. Shank, Abraham. 1892. Born in Franklin County, Pa., July 23, 1842. Educated at State Normal School at Millersville, Pa. ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1867. Of Clear Spring, Md. 564 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Shannon, George Conkle. 1893. Born at Muncy, Lycoming County, Pa., February 22, 1864. Educated at High School; pupil of Drs. W. L. Russell and J. R. Uhler ; M.D. and Medalist, Baltimore yied- ical College, 1883; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College and Baltimore University. 1442 Presstman Street, Balti- more. *Shaw, John. 1805 (?). Born at Annapolis, May 4, 177^- A.B., St. John's College, Annapolis, 1796; student of Dr. J. T. Shaaff, of Annapolis; attended medical lectures at Philadelphia, 1798; in the same year received appointment as Surgeon in the United States Navy; sailed for Algiers, where, for a year and a half, he held a position partly medical, partly consular; returned to the United States in 1800; in 1801, went to Edinburgh to study; in 1803, went to Canada with the Earl of Selkirk; in 1805, returned to Annapolis and began practice with Dr. Shaaff; in 1807, removed to Baltimore ; Founder of the College of Medicine of Mary- land, 1807. and Professor of Chemistry there until 1809; Treas- urer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1807-09 ; author of "Poems," 8vo, Philadelphia and Baltimore, 1810. Died at sea, January 10, 1809. Shaw, Joseph F. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1827. Of Char- lotte Hall, St. Mary's County, Md. Shaw, W. R. 1890. M.D. Shearer, George L. 1825. See list of 1848. Shegog, William. 1831. No doubt born in Ireland. In a letter he says he "studied medicine at Dublin University." Of Hickory, Harford County, 1830. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Shertzer, Abram Trego. 1874. Born in Lancaster County, Pa., May 16, 1844. Educated at Grinton and Bel Air Academies and the University of Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1863-74; United States Recruiting Surgeon. 1872-76; Staff Surgeon, Prussian Army, 1871- 72; author of "Trials and Triumphs," 8vo, Baltimore, 1875; "His- tory of the Trego Family," 8vo, first edition, Baltimore, 1884; second edition, 1898. 25 West Preston street, Baltimore. Sherwood, Mary. 1892. Born at Ballston Spa, N. Y. A.B., Vas- sar, 1883; M.D., University of Zurich, 1890; Lecturer on Path- 565 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ology, Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, 1893-96; Medical Director, Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore, 1894+ ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirnrgical Faculty, 1898-99; Attending Physician to Evening Dispensary frr Working Women and Children. 1320 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Shields, Jefferson. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ; Cen- sor, 1840. Of Frederick City, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Shippen, Charles Carroll. 1886. Born at Philadelphia, October 29, 1856. A.B., Harvard University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879. 603 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Shoemaker, Charles Raymond. 1892. Born at Shenandoah, Pa., 1870. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1891 ; Assistant Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, 1891-92; on staff of Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1894+ ; Examining Physician, Home Friendly Society, Baltimore. 1735 Aisquith Street, Baltimore. *Shower, Jacob. 1830. Born near Manchester, Carroll County, Md., February 22, 1803 ; son of Col. Adam Shower. Drummer Boy, War of 1812; pupil of Dr. Ashton Alexander; M.D., University of Mary- ' land, 1825 ; began practice in Carroll County ; Member of State Convention, 185 1 ; Member of Maryland House of Delegates, 1837- 41, declining reelection ; Censor, 1840 ; Clerk of Court, 1841 ; Mem- ber of Congress, 1854-56; arrested by U. S. Provost Marshal, 1863, and imprisoned some months. Died at Manchester, Carroll County, Md., May 25, 1879. Shultz, John D. 1834. See list of 1848. *Shuman, Frederick Henry. 1802. M.D. Federal Gazette, June 25, 1802. *Shuman, Samuel. 1823. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1816; Censor. Of Hagerstown, Washington County, Md. See list of 1848 and Davidge's Journal, 1823. Shurman, Francis. 1839. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Baltimore. See Treasurer's book and lists of 1848 and 1853. *SiM, Patrick. 1801. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., July i, 1803. Of Calvert County Md. Died October 11, 1806 (Hammersley). See lists of 1807 and 1848. 566 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *SiM, Thomas. 1823. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1823. See Treasurer's receipt and Trans., 1857. (The Sims were of Frederick County. Dr. Thomas Sim, born in 1770, died at Washington, D. C, 1832, was son of Dr. Jos. Sim. Probably father or relative of this one.) Simmons, Horace Melville. 1898. Born at West Bedford, O., June 30, 1854. Educated at the public school at Deersville, O., Editor of the Silver Arrow, monthly, 1873-74; student of his father; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881; practiced in Ohio, 1881-82; returned to Baltimore, 1882; Manager of the Maryland Medical Journal, 1894 — ; Publisher, American Medicine, 1902 — . 1708 Linden Avenue, Baltimore. Simmons, Thomas Warfield. 1875. Born at "Hopeland," Frederick County, Md., June 16, 1836. Educated at Landon Military Acad- emy; M.D., Jeirerson, 1861 ; located at Hagerstown, 1864; in- vented a splint in 1872 for fractures of the lower extremity, entitled "Suspenso-Extensory" (Trans., 1874) ; Health Officer of Hagerstown, Md., 1899; resides at Hagerstown. Simon, Charles Edmund. 1897. Born at Baltimore, September 23, 1866. Attended Gymnasium in Germany, 1872-84; A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1888; M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Plospital, 1890-91 ; attended hospitals of Paris, 1891-92; Professor of Physiology, Histology and Clinical Medicine, Woman's Medical College, Bal- timore. 1894-95 ; a Founder of the American Society of Gastro- enterology; author of "A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis," first edi- tion, 1896; fourth edition, 1902; "Physiologic Chemistry," 1901 ; Specialist in Digestive and Nutritional Diseases. 1302 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Simpers, Charles Tilden. 1854. Born in Cecil County, Md. Sur- geon, Sixth Maryland Regiment, 1861. Of Allegany County, Md. See Trans., 1873. Singewald, Edward M. 1897. Born at Baltimore, July 27, 1868. Edu- cated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Post-graduate Course, University of Vienna; Visiting Alien- ist, Bayview Asylum, 1893+. 5 North Washington Street, Balti- more. *SiNN0TT, John D. 1811. A.M., St. Mary's College; M.D. and Latin Medalist, University of Maryland, 1813; President, Baltimore 567 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Medical Society, 1812; Surgeon, Maryland Battalion, 1822; Censor for Baltimore, 1822; marked dead in the corrected list of Dr. Fonerden, 1837. In list of 1848, "Washington, D. C. ;" marked dead. SkiEling, J. D. 1875. Born at Ashland, O., March 21, 1827. Edu- cated at Ashland Academy; M.D., Cleveland Medical College, 1855 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., three years ; Member of Pension Examining Board and Examiner for various insurance companies. Of Lonaconing, Md. Skilling, William Quail. 1888. Born at Ashland, O., October 20, 1859- A.B., New Windsor College, 1880; A.M., 1883; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1883; President, George's Creek Medical Association, Md., 1899 ! Surgeon, G. C. & C. R. R. ; Examining Physician, New York Mutual and other life insurance companies; resides at Lonaconing, Md. Skinner, Daniel H. 1834. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ; was present at annual convention of 1834, and special of September, 1848. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Slemons, Francis Marion. 1897. Born in Somerset County, Md., August 12, 1839. A.B., Jefferson College, 1859; M.D., University of Maryland, 1860; practices at Salisbury, Md. *Slemons, Thomas. 1829. Born 1803-05. Pupil of Dr. N. Potter; lived at Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; practiced and died on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, 1835-36. In list of 1848 marked dead. No descendants living. *Slifer, Ezra. 1817. Of Boonsboro, Washington County, Md. See list of 1848. Smart, L. Gibbons. 1893. Born at North End, Matthews County, Va., August 12, 1862. Removed to Baltimore, 1869; educated at Bal- timore City College; returned to Virginia, 1879, and engaged in farming; pupil of Dr. F. S. Beckwith, of Petersburg; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885 ; Assistant Surgeon, Coal Mines of Elk County, Pa., 1885 ; Chief Surgeon, Cedar Run Tanning Company, Tioga County, Pa., 1885-89; re- moved to Marathon, N. Y., 1889; Health Officer of Marathon; President, Courtland County Medical Society; Attending Physi- 568 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cian, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1890; Senior Assistant Physician, Sheppard Asylum, 1892-95; Superintendent, State Insti- tution for the Feeble-minded, 1895-96; Vice-President, Baltimore Neurological Society ; Professor of Therapeutics and Clinical Medi- cine, Woman's Medical College, 1902—. 414 Dreyer Avenue, Ro- land Parkj Baltimore. *Smith, Alan Penniman. 1890. Born at Baltimore, February 3, 1840; son of Dr. N. R. Smith. Educated at Princeton College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1861 ; Prosector of Anatomy, University of Maryland; Adjunct Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1867-68; Professor of Venereal Diseases, University of Maryland, 1869; Professor of Operative Surgery, University of Maryland, 1873- 74; Trustee and Consulting Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1873-98; Trustee, Johns Hopkins University, 1881-98; Consulting Surgeon. Hebrew Hospital; Surgeon, St. Vincent's Hospital; Con- sulting Surgeon, Nursery and Child's Hospital; Professor of Sur- gery, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; had exceptional success in lithotomy ("Report oi Fifty-two Successful Cases of Lithotomy," 1878) ; performed ovariotomy successfully, March 28, 1868, second case in Maryland. Died at Baltimore, July 18, 1898. Smith, Alan Welch. 1897. Born at Dunkirk, Calvert County, Md., September 13, L871 ; son of Dr. John Smith. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1895; Post-graduate study, Johns Hop- kins Hospital. 1898; Throat Inspector, Baltimore, 1900—; Assist- ant Resident Physician, Quarantine Hospital, Baltimore, 1895-98; studied abroad; Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, 1898- 1900; Lecturer on Hygiene, Maryland Medical College, 1900 — ; Sur- geon, Maryland Naval Reserves, 1901— . 848 West North Avenue, Baltimore. Smith, Algernon G. 1897. Born in Charles County, Md., January II, 1850. Educated at Charlotte Hall and St. John's College; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1872; President, Allegany County Medical Society and Board of Election Supervisors; prac- tices at Ocean, Allegany Count}', Md. *Smith, Anthony W. 1818. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1818. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. *Smith, Berwick B. Born at Baltimore, July 4, 1826; son of Dr. N. R. Smith. A.B., Princeton, 1846; M.D., University of Maryland, 1849; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1852-60. Died at Baltimore, March 20, i860. 569 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Smith, Charles McKnight. Of St. Mary's County, Md. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1847; removed to Louisiana; resides at Franklin, St. Mary's County, La. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Smith, C. Urran. 1897. Born at Baltimore, May 14, 1868. Edu- cated at Baltimore City College; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1887; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics and Diseases of the Stomach, Baltimoi-e University, 1897-98; Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Diseases of the Stomach, Maryland Med- ical College, 1898 — . 1928 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Smith, Charles E. 1825. M.D., University of Maryland ("Pa."), 1825. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Smith, Clement. 1801 (?). Born in 1756. Surgeon in Revolution; escaped from Dartmoor Prison (Q.). Died in Queen Anne, Prince George County, Md., December 10, 1831. Smith^ Daniel W. 1893. Born June 15, 1855. Educated at State Nor- mal School; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; School Commis- sioner of Baltimore for four years. 206 Third Avenue, Woodberry, Baltimore. Smith, Edward Augustus. 1892. Born at Baltimore, April 14, 1862. Pupil of Dr. A. C. Pole; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1891 ; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College; later, Demonstrator of Physical Diagnosis, later. Chief of Clinic in Dispensary; Demonstrator of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1897-99. 1605 West North Avenue, Baltimore. Smith, Fielder B. 1892. M.D., University of Maryland, 1855. Whereabouts unknown ; not of Frederick, Md. ; the name not in the Maryland Directory. Smith, Frank Robert. 1895. M.A., Cambridge University, England, 1882; M.D., University of Maryland ("Md."), 1891 ; Assistant Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891-93 ; Instructor in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1896-1902; Associate in Medicine, 1902 — ; head of Medical Clinic, Johns Hopkins Dispen- sary.' 1 126 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Smith, Franklin Buchanan. 1892. Bom at Frederick City, Md., April 10, 1856. A.B., Princeton, 1876; A.M., Princeton, 1879; MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1878; Health Officer, Frederick County and City; Physician and Surgeon to Montrose Hospital; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroads; Mem- ber °of Board of Medical Examiners of Maryland. Of Fi-ederick City, Md. ^Smith, Gideon B. 1843- Born in Maryland, I793- M.D., University of Maryland, 1840; Editor, Journal of the American Silk Asso- ciation, 1839-40; reported by the Board of Examiners in 1848 as meriting expulsion for unprofessional conduct; Editor, American Farmer and Turf Register; a well-known entomologist, at one time largely engaged in the cultivation of silk worms; originator of several ingenious inventions; perhaps the highest authority in the country on seventeen-year locusts (Scharf) ; moved to Missouri (Q.). Died 1867. Smith, PIenry Lee. 1897. Born at Ashland, Va., March 23, 1868. Educated at Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Va. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1894; Assistant in Medicine, Johns Hop- kins Plospital Dispensary, 1894-99; Resident Physician, Blue Mountain House, 1896-99; Resident Physician, Hospital for Women of Maryland; Professor of Diseases of Children and Lec- turer on Bateriology, Woman's Medical College. "The St. Paul," Baltimore. Smith, J. Holmes. 1893. Born at Bel Air, Harford County, Md., March 30, 1857; great -great-grandson of Abraham Mitchell, Founder. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1880; settled at Baltimore, 1888; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1890; Lecturer on Clinical Sur- gery, 1891; Visiting Surgeon, Bayview Hospital, 1891-96; Chairman, State Anatomy Board, 1892-96; Associate Professor of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1896-1902; Professor of Anatomy, Uni- versity of Maryland, 1902 — ; Surgeon, University Hospital, 1896 — . 23 West Preston Street, Baltimore. *Smith, James. 1801 (?). Born at Elkton, Cecil County, Md., I77l- A.M., Dickinson College, 1792; pupil of Dr. Rush; (M.D.?), Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1794 (the name is not in the Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania) ; a Founder, and Attending Physician of Baltimore General Dispensary, 1801-07; Resident Physician, Almshouse, 1800-01 ; opened a Vaccine Institute, March 25, 1802; State Vaccine Agent, 1809-13; United States Vaccine MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Agent, 1813-22; Editor of Vaccine Inquirer, 1822; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1811-17; he began vaccination in Baltimore, May i, 1801 ; his services entitle him to be called "The Jenner of America." Died at Pikesville, Baltimore County, Md., June 12, 1841. Smith, James M. 1825. M.D. (Honorary), University of Mary- land, 1856. Of Allegany County, Md. Trans., 1873. (A James ■ McKnight Smith paid license fee, 1827 — Treasurer's MS. book.) Smith, James W. See list of 1848. *Smith, John. 1801 (?). Pupil of Dr. John Archer, Sr., 1790-91. Of Bush River Neck, Harford County, Md., 1790-99. Died before 1823. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Smith, John Derby. Born at Hanover, N. H., April 9, 1812; young- est son of Dr. Nathan Smith. A.B., Yale, 1832; later, graduated from Andover Theological Seminary ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1846; Assistant Surgeon at Fairfax Seminary Hospital, near Alexandria, Va., during the Civil War ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., July 27, 1867 ; later. Assistant Surgeon ; retired, 1879. Died at Bridgewater, Mass., April 26, 1884. See list of 1848. Smith, John H. 1873. M.D., Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, 1869. Of Baltimore. See Polk's Directory, 1886, and Trans., 1873. *Smith, John H. M. 1815. Of Newmarket, Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Smith, John Tyler. 1897. Born near Winchester, Va., November 17, 1844. Educated at Winchester Academy; pupil of Dr. Wm. S. Love; student, one session, University of Virginia; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1877; Member of City Council, 1895-96; Assist- ant Health Commissioner, Baltimore, 1897-99. 717 North Carrollton Avenue, Baltimore. *Smith, Joseph Sim. Founder. 1799. Born on his father's place near the Patuxent River, Calvert County, Md. ; son of Dr. Clement Smith and grandson of Dr. Patrick Sim, of Prince George County; father of Dr. Samuel P. Smith, of Cumberland. Surgeon's Mate, Maryland Line, until 1780; was then commissioned Cornet in 572 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Armand's Partisan Legion, serving as such until 1782; after the Revolution, settled in practice at Taneytown; Censor, 1803; Major of Militia, 1793; Justice of Peace, 1802-07, 1814 and 1819; married Elizabeth, daughter of Col. Thomas Price, of the Revolution. Died at Taneytown, Carroll County, Md., September 5, 1822. Smith, Joseph Tait, Jr. 1876. Born at Baltimore, September 23, 1850 ; son of Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Smith. Educated at Carey's School and Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1872; Lec- turer on Medical Jurisprudence, Woman's Medical College, Balti- more, 1885-89 ; Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, 1889-91 ; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1891-1902; Dean, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1892-94, 1898-1902; Associate Professor of Hygiene and Medical Jurisprudence, University of Maryland; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1894-95. loio Madison Ave- nue, Baltimore. *Smith, Leonard J. 1819. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; Censor, 1819. Of Frederick County, Md. *Smith, Nathan Ryno. 1828. Born at Cornish, N. H., May 21, 1797; son of Dr. Nathan Smith. A.B., Yale, 1817; Tutor in Vir- ginia, 1817-19; M.D., Yale, 1823; began practice at Burlington, Vt., 1824; Founder of the Medical Department of the University of Ver- mont, and Professor of Surgery and Anatomy there, 1825 ; studied at the University of Pennsylvania, 1825-26;' Professor of Anatomy, Jefferson Medical College, 1825-27; Professor of Surgery, Uufver- sity of Maryland, 1827-38; Lecturer, University of Maryland, 1840- 41; Professor, 1841-69; Professor of Clinical Surgery and Surgery of the Skeleton, University of Maryland, 1869-70; Emeritus Pro- fessor of Surgery and President of the Faculty, 1873-77; Dean, University of Maryland, 1828-29 and 1841 ; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., 1838-41 ; visited Europe, 1867 ; LL.D., Princeton, 1852 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1870-72; Orator, 1830 and 1846; President of the Democratic State Convention, 1861 ; Editor, Philadelphia Monthly Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 1827-28, i vol. ; Bal- timore Monthly Journal, 1830-31, i vol. ; author, "An Essay on the Diseases of the Internal Ear," by J. A. Saissy, M.D., translated from the French, "With a Supplement on Diseases of the External Ear by the Translator," 8vo, Baltimore, 1829 (the first separate work on diseases of the ear published in America) ; "Medical and Surgical Memoirs" (of N. Smith, his father), 8vo, 1831 ; "Surgical Anatomy 573 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY of the Arteries," with plates, 4to, first edition, 1830; second edition, 1835 ; "Fractures of the Lower Extremity and the Use of Suspensory- Apparatus," 8vo, 1867 ; "Legends of the South," i2mo, 1869 ; his greatest inventions were his "anterior splint" and "lithotome." "A great surgeon, a brave and true citizen, a magnanimous gen- tleman." Died at Baltimore, July 3, 1877. Smith, Nathan Ryno. 1889. Born at Baltimore, August 6, 1863; son of A. P. Smith. Educated at City College and Johns Hopkins University (course preparatory to medicine) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; in Johns Hopkins Dispensary; Attending Physi- cian, Union Protestant Infirmary. 24 West Franklin Street, Balti- more. Smith, Otho J. 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1833. Of Washington County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Smith, R. Percy. 1893. Born at Dunkirk, Calvert County, Md., August 24, 1867. Pupil of Dr. John S. Smith; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1891 ; a Founder and Vice- President, Baltimore County Medical Association; Lecturer on Hygiene, Baltimore Medical College, 1898, and now Associate in Nervous and Mental Diseases. Of Sunnybrook, Baltimore County, Md. *Smith, Samuel Price. Born at Taneytown, Md., December 21, 1795 ; son of Dr. Joseph Sim Smith, Founder. A member of the Vir- ginia Militia at North Point, Baltimore, 1814; pupil of Dr. Colin Mackenzie at the Maryland Hospital, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1817; settled in practice in Frederick County, 1817; removed to Cumberland, Md., 1820; Member of the Reform Con- vention, 1850, Chairman of the Committee on Education and active in founding the public school system ; President of the Medical Society of Allegany County, Md., 1867-75 ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1854-55 and 1856-57; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1878-79; Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-64; Member of the Maryland Legislature, 1864-66. Died at Cumber- land, March i, 1882. Smith, Wilber Gray. 1880. Born at Warm Springs, Va., May 31, 1859; son of Rev. Presley Bowie Smith. Educated at Randolph- Macon College, Virginia (three years) ; M.D., University of Mary- 574 JGHX D. GODMAN 1794- 1830. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land, 1880; practiced at Baltimore for some years; moved West }, and has since practiced at Oakland, Cal. *Smith, Walter Prescott. 1898. Born at Baltimore, June 16, 1868; son of Dr. A. P. Smith. Educated at Marston's School ; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1890; Attending Physician, Hospital for Con- sumptives and Nursery and Child's Hospital, 1895-1902; Assistant in Throat Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary. Died at Baltimore, July 18, 1902. Smith, William Flood. 1892. Born at Berkeley Springs, Va., 1864. Graduated from City College ($100 prizeman) ; A.B., Johns Hop- kins, 1886; Instructor, McDonogh School, 1886-87; M.D., Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1889; Lecturer, Regional Anatomy, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery; Assist- ant Demonstrator, later. Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore; Professor of Anatomy and Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons; resigned, 1899. 1009 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *Smith, William Kilty. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1808; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1808-10. Of Baltimore County, Md. Smith, William L. 1896. Bom at Dunkirk, Calvert County, Md., De- cember 18, 1862. Educated at Maryland Agricultural College, Prince George County, Md. ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1887; settled at Jarrettsville, Harford County, Md., 1889, and still resides there; President, Harford County Medical Association. Smith, William S. 1892. Born in Dorchester County, Md., October 13, i860. Educated at public schools and business college; M.D., University of Maryland, 1883; First Assistant, Maryland Hospital for Insane, Spring Grove, 1884-85; Physician to Police Depart- ment, Baltimore, 1888-98; Professor of Diseases of Women, Mary- land Medical College, 1898 — . 520 Hanover Street, Baltimore. Smith, Zebina. M.D. Of Williamsport, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Smyth, James. 1801 (?). Born at Chestertown, Kent County, Md., 1773. Educated at London; pupil of the Hunters; leased the Mary- 37 575 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY land Hospital with Dr. Colin Mackenzie and continued in joint charge until his death ; Attending Physician, Bahimore General Dispensary, 1805 ; with Colin Mackenzie, in 1805, he reduced a dis- located humerus of nearly six months' standing {Dorsey's Surgery). Died at Baltimore, January 17, 1819. *Snively Samuel K. 1899. M.D., Jefferson ("Pa."), 1869. Of Wil- liamsport, Md. Died at Williamsport, about 1900. Snodgrass, Joseph E. 1840. M.D., University of Maryland ("Va."), 1836. Of Baltimore; later, of District of Columbia. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. SnowdeNj Thomas J. 1832. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832. Of South River, Anne Arundel County, Md. See Treasurer's receipts and lists of 1848 and 1853. *Snyder, Henry W. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Reisterstown, Baltimore County, Md. Died at White Post, Clark County, Va., October 22, 1840. Snyder, James G. 1836. M.D., Transylvania University, 1830. Of Maryland; later, of Petersburg, Huntingdon County, Pa. See list of 1848. *Snyder, John C, Jr. 1817 (?). M.D., University of Maryland, 1817. Of Maryland. See list of 1848. *Snyder, Peter. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823 ; Examiner, 1829. Of Baltimore. Died at Baltimore during meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. See list of 1848. Somers, Jacob Fletcher. 1891. Born at Crisfield, Md., August 9, 1859. son of Michael Somers. A.B., Western Maryland College, 1881; A.M., Western Maryland College, 1883 ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1885 ; has been engaged since in the practice of medicine and pharmacy at Crisfield, Somerset County, Md. *Somerville, William. 1801 (?). Born in Calvert County, Md., 1762. Practiced many years in Calvert County; then removed to Baltimore City, where he died, February 18, 1816. *Sothoron, William. 1808. See Medical and Physical Recorder. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *SoTHORON, William H. Of Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's County, Md. Died at Washington, September 2^, 1897. See list of 1848. *Spalding, Andrew J. 1853. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jefferson, 1849; practiced at Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md. Died there October 5, 1897. See Trans., 1873. *Sparks, Edward. 1824. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; Dele- gate from Anne Arundel County to American Medical Association, 1847. Of Annapolis, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Sparrow, John. 1808. Of Anne Arundel County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Speake, Rufus Holmead. 1831-32. Born at Alexandria, Va., April 17, 1807. Graduated from Georgetown College; pupil of Dr. War- field, of Georgetown; M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1829; practiced in Montgomery County, Md., 1829-49; later, at Washington, D. C. ; retired, 1863 ; in the Government employ, 1863-67. Died at Washington, D. C, September, 1867. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Speake, Samuel H. 1898. Born at Riverside, Charles County, Md., 1850. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1885; public school teacher in Maryland for three years ; in the office, hospital, and drug store with Dr. H. S. Orme, Los Angeles, Gal., for three years; Medical Examiner, New York Life Insurance Company and Mutual Reserve Life, of New York; resides at Nanjemoy, Charles County, Md. P. C, Grayton. Spear, James M. 1890. Born at New Vienna, O., February 4, 1843. M.D., Miami Medical College, Ohio, 1869; Resident Physician, St. Luke's Hospital, Cincinnati ; Physician to Sylvan Retreat Asylum for the Insane. Cumberland, Md. ; on the Pension Board for ten years; President, Tri-State Medical Association, 1899; resides at Cumberland, Md. (The third physician in the United States to perform pylorectomy; has been very successful in gun- shot wounds of the intestines, in one case where there were tliir- teen perforations.) *Spence, John S. Censor. Of Worcester Coimty, Md., 1826. Ameri- can Medical Recorder. 577 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Spencer, Samuel W. 1830. M.D., University of Maryland, 1828. Of Easton, Talbot County, Md. See Archives and list of 1848. *Spicer, Hiram Louis. 1892. Born at Baltimore, March 24, 1840; son of Hiram Paul Spicer. Educated at St. Charles College and Loyola College ; pupil of Dr. Dunbar ; M.D., University of Maryland, i860 ; Coroner, 1870; School Commissioner; Vaccine Physician, 1873; Member of City Council, 1886; Assistant Health Commissioner, 1891-94; Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics, Washington University; Medical Examiner, Catholic Benevolent Legion, fourteen years. Died at Baltimore, February 12, 1898. Spicknall, John Thomas. 1886. Born at Louisville, Ky., October 24, 1848; son of Richard Spicknall. M.D., Louisville Medical College, 1876. 14 North Patterson Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Spidden, Edward. 1813. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1814; Censor, Talbot County, Md., 1840. Of Talbot County, Md. ; later, of Missouri. See list of 1848. *Springer, Thomas. 1821. Of Middletown, Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Sproston, George Saxon. 1811. M.D., Harvard, 1817; practiced a short time at Trappe, Talbot County, Md. ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., November 8, 1813; Surgeon, March 27, 1818; later, Fleet Surgeon and Member of Naval Board. Died at Baltimore, January 27, 1842. See list of 1848. Stabler, Augustus. 1899. Bo-rn at "Roslyn Farm," Brighton, Mont- gomery County, Md., August 25, 1858. Educated at Johns Hopkins University, 1876-78; Assistant Librarian, United States Patent Office, 1880-83; M.D., Howard University, 1883; Resident Phy- sician, German Hospital, Philadelphia, 1883-84; practiced at Law- rence, Mass., 1884-88; removed to Montgomery County, Md., 1888; a Founder of Physicians' Social Club, Sandy Spring; Vice-Presi- dent, Maryland Public Health Association, 1898; resides at Brighton, Montgomery County, Md. A successful farmer and phy- sician. ^Stafford, John. 1823 (?). Born in 1801. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Died at Baltimore, December 24, 1829. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Staley, George Lewis^ Jr. 1899. Born at Mount Washington, Md., 1857; son of Rev. Dr. G. L. Staley. Educated at Mercersburg College and Franklin and Marshall College; pupil of Dr. J. E. Clagett; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1878 ; practiced several years in Frederick County ; from 1884 at Baltimore. Died at Baltimore, September 9, 1901. *Staley, Henry. Of Boonsboro, Washington County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Stansbury, John E. 1899. M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1895. Of Forestville, Prince George County, Md. *Starr, Hezekiah. 1836. Born at Baltimore, 1816. Educated at Abingdon Academy, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1836; Resident Physician, Maryland Hospital, 1840-41; Attending Phy- sician, Baltimore General Dispensary, 1840-41 ; Attending Physi- cian, Methodist Home for the Aged, 1882-92. Died at Baltimore, October 23, 1898. Starr, Moses Allen. Honorary. 1895. Born at Brooklyn, N. Y., • May 16, 1854. A.B., A.M., Ph.D., LL.D., Princeton; M.D., Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1880; Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; Consulting Neurologist to the Presby- terian, Orthopaedic, St. Vincent's and St. Mary's Hospitals and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary ; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1895 ; author of "Familiar Forms of Nervous Disease," "Brain Surgery," "Atlas of Nerve Cells;" resides at New York. Steeves, J. W. 1898. M.D. Of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md. *Steiner, Lewis Henry. 1855. Born at Frederick City, Md., May 4, 1827. A.B., Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., 1846; A.M., Mar- shall College, 1849; A.M. (ad eund.), St. James College, 1854, and Yale, 1869; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1849; practiced at Frederick, 1849-52 ; at Baltimore, 1852-61 ; again at Frederick, 1861 ; Vaccine Physician, 1853 ; Lecturer at the Maryland Medical In- stitute, 1852-55 ; Professor of Chemistry, Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1856-61, 1864-65 ; Lecturer on Applied Chemistry, Mary- land Institute ; Professor of Chemistry and Natural History, Colum- bian College, Washington ; Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, National Medical College, Washington ; Lecturer on Chemistry and Physics, College of St. James, Hagerstown, Md.; Orator, Medical 579 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Chinirgical Faculty, 1856 and 1874; Vice-President, American Public Health Association, 1876-77; President, American Academy of Medicine, 1879; President of the School Board, Frederick County, Md., 1865-68; Member of the Senate of Maryland, 1871-83; Chief Inspector, United States Sanitary Commission, Army of the Potomac, during the Civil War; Librarian, Enoch Pratt Library, Baltimore, 1884-92; Assistant Editor, American Medical Monthly, New York, 1861 ; Translator of "Wills' Chemical Analysis." Died at Baltimore, February 18, 1892. Steinhoffer, Christian. 1856. Of Baltimore. Stelle, Clifford M. 1893. M.D., University of New York, 1875. Of Cordova, Talbot County, Md. ^Stephen Robert. 1805 (?). Censor in first decade. Of Caroline County. American. ^Stephens, William T. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of the Eastern Shore of Marjdand. In list of 1848 marked dead. Sterling^ Robert H. Born at Baltimore ; son of Archibald Sterling, Sr. A.B., Princeton,' 1856; A.M., 1859; Resident Physician, Alms- house, sixteen months ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1859 '> began practice, Baltimore, i860 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862- 65; resumed practice at Baltimore, 1866; retired on account of health, 1876; "on the road" ever since. "The Waldorf," Baltimore. Steuart.CiiCilius C. 1892. Born at Patuxent Forge, Anne Arundel County, Md., July 29, i860. Educated at Carey's School and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Assistant Physician, Harlem Lodge for the Insane and Inebriates, Catonsville, 1882-84; Physician in Charge, 1884-85; Physician in Charge, Melvale Asylum for the Insane and Inebriates, 1885-87; settled to practice at Baltimore, 1889. 122 West Twenty-third Street, Baltimore. *Steuart, James. 1801 (?). Born at Annapolis, Md., 1755. Edu- cated in Scotland; M.D., Edinburgh, 1779 (Thesis, "De Spasmo") , practiced at Annapolis; removed to Baltimore, 1780; Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, 1805 ; President, Vaccine Society of Balti- more, 1812 and 1822; Justice of Peace, 1816; retired from practice, 1805 ; Trustee, University of Maryland, 1826. Died in 1845. 580 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Steuaet, James A. Born at Baltimore, April 3, 1828; son of Dr. R. S. Steuart. A.B., St. Mary's College, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; Physician, Baltimore General Dispensary; Assist- ant Medical Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1855-61; Vaccine Physician, 1851-57; a Founder and President of the Epidemiological Society of Baltimore, 1873^74; Secretary, Mary- land Board of Plealth ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1874-75, 1876-77, 1879-80; President, Baltimore Pathologi- cal Society, 1874-75 ; President of the Alumni Association of the University of Maryland, 1883 ; Commissioner of Health of Balti- more for many years. 161 1 John Street, Baltimore. *Steuart, James V. 1801 (?). Garrison Surgeon's Mate, 1807; Sur- geon's Mate, 1809; Lieutenant, Artillery, 1811. Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. Died at Fort Penn, December, 1812 (Q.). See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Steuart, Richard Sprigg. 1822. Born at Baltimore, November i, 1797; son of Dr. James Steuart. Aide-de-Camp, Battle of North Point, 1814; educated at St. Mary's College, Baltimore; pupil in law under General Winder; pupil in medicine under Dr. William Donaldson; M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, University of Maryland, 1843 (but never lectured) ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1848-49 and 1850-51; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1829; Vice-President, American Medical Association, 1849; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1874 and 1876; Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1828-42 and 1869-76; Founder of the same; devoted his life and means to the relief of the insane. An enlightened physician and alienist and a gentleman of most courteous manners. Died July 13, 1876. Stevens, James A. 1891. Born in Nova Scotia, 1852. Studied medi- cine at Boston and Philadelphia; M.D., Jefferson, 1882; settled in practice in Florida; removed to Talbot County, Md., 1880; practices at Oxford, Md. *Stevens, Robert. 1801 (?). Of Denton, Caroline County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Stevenson, Cosmo Gordon. 1801 (?). Born in 1785. M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1803; Surgeon's Mate, Twenty-seventh Regiment, State Militia, 1810; Member of City Council, 1825. An eminent pliysician and preceptor of Drs. John Buckler and Monkur. Died at Baltimore without issue, 1825. See lists of 1807 and 1848. 581 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Stevenson, H. Burton. 1897. Born at Baltimore, December 24, 1869; son of Dr. John M. Stevenson and grandson of Dr. James S. Stev- enson. M.D., University of Maryland, 1892 ; Chief of GynEecological Clinic, Woman's Medical College ; President, Baltimore County Medical Association ; Ex-Health Officer of Baltimore County ; Dem- onstrator of Obstetrics at Baltimore Medical College. Of Rider P. O., Baltimore County, Md. *Stevenson, Henry. Founder. 1799. Born at Londonderry, Ireland, 1721. Educated at Oxford, England; the exact year of his coming to Baltimore is not known; his brother John, also a physician, came to Baltimore in or about 174S, but vvrhether Henry accom- panied him or came later is not certain; in 1756 he erected a stone mansion house, "Parnassus," just north of the site of the present city jail ; here he maintained, at his ov/n expense, an inoculating hospital, 1765-76, and after the Revolution, 1786-1800; on the outbreak of the Revolution, he espoused the royal cause and left Baltimore on the Declaration of Independence; Surgeon in the British Navy, 1776-86; returned to Baltimore, 1786, and continued to practice here until his death. Died at Baltimore, March 31, 18 14. *Steven.son, James S. 1843. Born in Kentucky, 1815. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1841 ; settled at Baltimore, 1842 ; Vaccine Phy- sician, 1853. Died at Baltimore, August 2, 1882. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Stevenson, John M. 1877. Born at Baltimore, 1842. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1862 ; Surgeon, Third Infantry and Third Cav- alry, U. S. A., 1861-65; wounded at Gettysburg. Died at Baltimore, March 6, 1879. Stevenson, S. Of Baltimore. See Trans., 1856. Stewart, Alexander. 1831. M.D. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. (Hammersley has this: "Stewart, Alex- ander, born ; appointed from Maryland Major, Twenty-sixth Infantry, March 25, 1813 ; transferred to the Fifth Infantry, Octo- ber — , 1814 ; disbanded, June 15, 1815 ; Second Lieutenant, Corps of Artillery, December 4, 1819; transferred to Third Artillery, June I, 1821 ; resigned, June i, 1822.") *Stewart, David. 1844. Born at Port Penn, Del., February 14, 1813; son of Dr. David Stewart. Educated at Newcastle Academy, Del. ; 582 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY settled at Baltimore, about 1831 ; Member of Baltimore City Council, 1835-37; School Commissioner of Baltimore, 1836; Inspector of Drug's for Port of Baltimore ; Ruling Elder, First Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, 1838; Member of the State Senate, 1840; M.D., University of Maryland, 1844; a Founder and Lecturer, Maryland Medical Institute, 1847 ; Chemist to State Agricultural Society ; Pro- fessor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, and Vice-President, St. John's College, Annapolis, 1855-62 ; a Founder of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1840; Lecturer on Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 1844-47; removed to Port Penn, Newcastle County, Del, 1862, where he died September 2, 1899. "Of the olden school ; stern yet gentle as a woman and courteous as a Chesterfield; a brilliant conversationalist with whom no one ever conversed with- out profit and his tongue was always clean." It was on his motion that the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty imported the first glyce- rine used in Maryland and distributed it gratuitously among its members ; also that this Society was the first in America (June 8, 1855,) to propose the substitution of the decimal weights and measures for those then in use. See Journal and Trans., Mary- land College of Pharmacy, i860. *Stewart, James. 181 i. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 181 1. Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, M.d. In list of 1848 marked dead. Stier, Jay Hugh. 1894. M.D., University of Maryland, 1886. Of Ferryman's, Md. *Stinnecke, Henry A. 1822. Only son of Charles F. Stinnecke, M.D., Jena, Germany, who moved to Baltimore from Carlisle, Pa., 1799, and died of yellow fever, July, 1800 (see Baltimore newspaper). Said to have graduated in medicine and received an appointment in the United States Army as Assistant Surgeon, 1842. Died at Baltimore, December 21, 1855. See list of 1848. (The widow of the elder Stinnecke married Dr. George A. Dunkel, of Baltimore.) Stirling, William Millard. 1897. Educated at Stewartstown (Pa.) Institute; attended University of Maryland, 1891-94; M.D., Bal- timore Medical College, 1895. Of Shane, Baltimore County, Md. *Stockett, John Shaaff. 181 i. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., November 27, 1788. Educated at St. John's College ; pupil of Dr. J. T. Shaaff, Annapolis ; later, of Dr. B. Rush (but for this last, 583 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY would say he might have been among the ten M.D.'s at the Col- lege of Medicine of Maryland, 1811) ; practiced at Baltimore; later, in Anne Arundel County, Md. ; said to have been a phy- sician of great skill and large practice. Died in Anne Arundel County, Md., May 7, 1825. No issue. *Stockett, Richard Galen. i8oi(?). Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., February 7, 1776. Educated at St. John's College; pupil of Dr. Rush; at the University of Pennsylvania, 1797-9S; settled in Anne Arundel County, Md. ; Surgeon in the War of 1812, at Baltimore; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1826; gradually gave up practice for agriculture. Died in Howard County, Md., February 27, 1861. *Stockett, Thomas Noble. Founder. 1799. Born near Annapolis (as below), July 12, 1747. In the Revolution first served in Col. Thomas Ewing's Battalion, date of commission, September 26, — ; Assistant Surgeon, Col. William Richardson's Battalion, of Fly- ing Camp, 1776; later, of General Smallwood's Command; health impaired at Valley Forge, and he returned home; later, employed in recruiting camp ; settled after the War near Annapolis and had a large practice. A practitioner of note. Died at "Locust Grove," South River, Anne Arundel County, Md., May 16, 1S02. Stokes, James Ernest. 1897. Born at Baltimore, 1868. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1890; M,.D., University of Maryland, 1892; Resident Physician, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, 1892-93; Resident Physician, Union Protestant Infirmary; Assistant Resi- dent Gynaecologist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1893-98; Resident Gynaecologist, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1898-99; practices at Salis- bury, N. C. *Stokes, William H. 1834. Born at Havre de Grace, Md., January 21, 1812. A.B., Yale College, 1831 ; M.A., Yale, 1845 ; Pupil of Drs. William Donaldson and R. S. Steuart; M.D., University of Maryland, 1834; Resident Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, 1834-35; practiced at Mobile, Ala., 1835-40; Surgeon, Marine Hospital, Mobile, 1837-40; after visiting Europe, 1841-42, settled at Baltimore ; Lecturer on Obstetrics, etc.. University of Maryland, 1845-46; Professor of Obstetrics, Washington Univer- sity, Baltimore, 1846-50; Visiting Physician, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, 1843-87. Died at Baltimore, May 7, 1893. Stokes, William Royal. 1897. Born at Baltimore, August 21, 1870; grandson of last-named. Educated at Deichmann's Gymnasium 584 MEaDlCAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY School ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; special student at the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, 1892 ; Assistant in the Medical Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1892; Demon- strator of Anatomy, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1891-93 ; Assistant Resident Pathologist, Boston City Hospital, 1893-95 ; Assistant Instructor, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1895-96; Bacteriolo- gist, Health Department of Baltimore, 1896 — ; Lecturer on Bacteri- ologj'-, Baltimore Medical College, 1896-98; Associate Professor of Histology and Pathology, University of Maryland, 1898-1900; Pro- fessor of Pathology and Bacteriology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1900 — . 1639 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. Stone, Daniel Edwin. 1899. M.D., University of Maryland, 1864. Of Mount Pleasant, Frederick County, Md. *Stone, Joseph. Pupil of Dr. Tabbs at White Plains ; Censor, 1819 {American Medical Recorder) and 1831 {American Journal of Medical Sciences) ; married three times, his first wife being Miss Tabbs — left a son and daughter by each wife. Of Clement's Bay, St. Mary's County, Md. See lists of 1829, 1848 and 1853. Stonestreet, Edward E. 1899. M.D., University of Maryland, 1852. Of Rockville, Md. *Stonestreet, Henry. 181 i. Born near Glymont, Charles County, Md., on the Potomac River, September 18, 1776; son of Nicholas Stottiestreet, and brother of Col. Nicholas Stonestreet, Attorney at Law. Said to have "graduated from the Medical College of Phila- delphia, in the time of Rush" (name not in Catalogue) ; probably M.D., College of Medicine of Maryland, 1811 ; practiced first in Prince George County, Md. ; later, in Charles County (Bryan- town), Md ; married Elizabeth Boarman. Died in middle life. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Stonestreet, James. 1801. Of the Western Shore of Maryland. See Treasurer's book. Stonestreet, Joseph Harris. 1892. Born near Port Tobacco, Charles Countj', Md., August 17, 1862; son of Benjamin G. Stonestreet. A.B., Maryland Agricultural College, 1882 ; M.D., College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1885 ; Surgeon to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Barnesville, Montgomery County, Md. *Story, Asa. 1819. M.D. Of Frederick County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 585 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Straughn, William David. 1899. Born at Snow Hill, Md., September 17, 1863; son of David H. Straughn. A.M., Washington College, Chestertown, Md. ; taught several years in the public schools ; M.D., Jefferson, 1890; practiced for three years at Fairton, Cumberland County, N. J. ; moved to Snow Hill, Md., 1893, where he has prac- ticed ever since; Treasurer and Examiner of Worcester County Public Schools, 1898-1900; Physician to the Poor, 1898 — . Streett, David. 1886. Born at Chrome Hill, Harford County, Md., October 17, 1855. Educated at Bethel Academy; A.M. (Honor- ary), Loyola College, Baltimore, 1895; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1878; Resident Physician, Maternite, 1878-79; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1879-80; Member of the First Branch of the City Council, Baltimore, 1883-85 ; Professor of the Practice of Medicine, Baltimore Medical College, 1885 — ; Dean, Baltimore Medical College, 1888 — -; President, Medical and Surgical Society, 1891-92; President, Baltimore Medical Associa- tion; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1891-92, 1899- 1900. 712 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Stubbs, Jeremiah B. 1827. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jefferson, 1827. See list of 1848. Stump, George Mitchell. 1898. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1873. Of Perryville, Cecil County, Md. *Sturgis (or Sturges), Samuel. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848 ; marked dead in the latter. SuDLER^ Arthur Emory. 1899. M.D., Jefferson, 1859 ; began practice at Sudlersville, Queen Anne's County, Md., where he has ever since resided; health failed and abandoned practice in 1880, devoting himself since that to agriculture. *SuLLivAN, James. Founder. 1799. Bern near East Newmarket, Dorchester County, Md., March 30, 1737; of Irish descent. Mar- ried Mary Ennalls, a widow. Died in Dorchester County, July 3, 1803. *SuLLivAN, James Bennett. Born in Dorchester County, Md., 1773. Died in Dorchester County, Md., 1818. *SuLLivAN, John McKew. About 1872. Born in County Kerry, Ire- land, 1828. Emigrated to America in youth, studying medicine 586 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at Boston ; came to Baltimore in 1853 ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1861 ; said to have been "Surgeon, U. S. N. ;" Vaccine Phy- sician, 1870-81. Died at Baltimore, April 27, 1881. ^Summers, Reuben. 1828. Bo^rn in Montgomery County, Md., 1801. Pupil of Dr. Wilson, of Montgomery County; M.D., University of Maryland, 1824; practiced at Rockville ; removed to Martinsburg, 1849. Died at Martinsburg, W. Va., December 29, 1866. *SuTER, Alexander F. 1832. Born in the District of Columbia. M.D., Columbian College, Washington, D. C. ; located for a time in one of the upper counties ; appointed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., from the District of Columbia, March 27, 1835. Died December 17, 1847. See list of 1848. Swain, Thomas. See list of 1848. *SwEARiNGEN, Charles V. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825 ("Md."). Died of violence, at Cumberland, 1833 (Q-)- In list of 1848 marked dead. *SwoPE, John. 1821. Born at Taneytown, Carroll County, Md., August 16, 1797; of German extraction, his father being Henry Swope. Pupil of Dr. Samuel P. Smith ; M.B., University of Mary- land, 1821 ; Censor, 1840; Member of the State Constitutional Con- vention during the War; practiced at Taneytown, Md. Died at Taneytown, September, 1870. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *SwoPE, Samuel. 1830. Born at Taneytown, Md., November 21, 1806. Pupil of his brother (John Swope) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1830; located at Taneytown, where he practiced about fifty years, accumulating quite a large fortune; his residence at the edge of the town was calkd "Locust Grove." Died at Taneytown, 1897. *Sykes, James. 1824. Born at Dover, Del., 1761. Pupil of Dr. Clayton; graduated (?) from the University of Pennsylvania; settled at Cambridge, Md. ; after two or three years, removed to Dover, Del. ; a few years before his death he retired and removed to New York; after five years' absence, resumed practice at Dover; President, Delaware Medical Society. Died at Dover, September, 1822. (Dr. James Sykes of the Eastern Shore is recorded as being appointed Examiner for the Eastern Shore in 1833 — MS. Report of Convention.) 587 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Tabbs, Barton. Founder. 1799. Born at Great Mills, St. Mary's County, Md., 1757. Assistant Surgeon of seven independent com- panies, Maryland Line, 1776; served until 1783; then settled for practice in St. Mary's County; Associate Judge. "He had an inordinate fear of lightning and would walk around his yard and watch the movements of the clouds and hail his man Friday every few minutes to ask if he thought a certain cloud would 'come up' or 'pass around'" (E. J. C). His daughters married Dr. Joseph Stone, of St. Mary's County, and Dr. McWilliams, of Washington, D. C. Dr. James Thomas (the first Governor of the name) was his pupil. Died in St. Mary's County, October 13 (30, Toner), 1818. *Tabbs, Benjamin. 1801 (?). Born in St. Mary's County, Md., 1781 ; so« of Barton Tabbs. Died at Great Mills, St. Mary's County, Md., December 31, 1813. See list of 1807. Tagart, Samuel. See list of 1848. ■^TalLj Reuben James Hooper. 1802. Born in Dorchester County, Md., July 9, 1844. Educated at High School, Philadelphia; pupil of Drs. N. R. Smith and S. D. Gross ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1865 ; Vaccine Physician, 1865-66. Died at Baltimore, May 12, 1902. *Taney, Augustine. 1821. Born in 1797 (Q.). Pupil of Dr. Swope, of Taneytown ; M.B., University of Maryland, 1821 ; Censor, 1822, 1826. Of Baltimore County, Md. Died in 1853 (Q.). See lists of 1848 and 1853. Taneyhill, George Lane. 1866. Born at Bellefonte, Center County, Pa., March 11, 1840. A.B., Dickinson Seminary, Pa., 1858; A.M., Dickinson College, 1882; taught school until 1863; pupil of Dr. John F. Petherbridge, of Calvert Countj^, Md., and Professor McSherry; M.D., University of Maryland, 1865; Assistant Sur- geon, Eleventh Maryland Regiment; Assistant Physician, Mary- land Hospital for the Insane, 1865-68; President, Baltimore Med- ical Association, 1874-75 ; School Commissioner of the Twelfth Ward ; on the Pension Examining Board ; Vice-President, Balti- more Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society; Physician to St. Andrew's Society; a Founder of the Maryland Academy of Sciences ; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1882-94. 1 103 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. 588 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Tannar. Joseph. M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Tarlton, John. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Tatem, William A. 1830. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("New Jersey"), 1823. Of Denton, Caroline County, Md. Archives. *Taylor, D. Censor, 1826. Of Baltimore. American Medical Re- corder, 1826. *Taylor. George. 1853. Born in Maryland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1851 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1856; later. Sur- geon. Died at Galveston, Tex., 1867, of yellow fever. Taylor, George F. 1892. Born at Baltimore, August 17, i8S5- Edu- cated at Knapp's Institute; M.D., College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1878; Clinical Assistant in Throat and Chest Department, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1878-80; Vac- cine Physician; Kxaminer of Manhattan Life Insurance Company. 1254 North Broadway, Baltimore. *Taylor, J. B. 1812. Surgeon's Mate, Fifth Regiment, Maryland Militia, 1814; Vaccine Physician, 1822; Physician, Baltimore Gen- eral Dispensary, 1823-25. Of Baltimore. See list of 1829. (Quinan has a "James Brainerd Taylor," died 1829.) *Taylor, James M. 1801. Surgeon-General, U. S. N., August, 1805 ; resigned, September 27, 1807 (Hammersley). Of Calvert County, Md. Died near Port Republic. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Taylor, John B. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Va."), 1844- Of Tallahassee, Fla. See list of 1848. Taylor, Leslie G. 1898. M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1895. Of Perryville, Cecil County, Md. *Taylor, Octavius. M.D. Of Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Taylor, Parran. 1813. M.D., University of Pennsylvania ("Del."), 1812. Of Church Hill, Queen Anne's County, Md. Died in 1832 (Q.). In list ol 1848 marked dead. 589 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Taylor, Robert Tunstall. 1895. Born at Norfolk, Va., January 16, 1867; son of Robertson Taylor. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1889; M.D., University of Virginia, 1891 ; Clinical Assistant, Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary, 1891-94; Dispensary Assistant, Chil- dren's Hospital, Boston, and New York Orthopaedic Hospital, 1894-95 ; Foundei", 1896, and Surgeon to the Hospital for the Relief of Crippled and Deformed Children, Baltimore, 1896 — ; Clinical Professor of Orthopsedic Surgery, Woman's Medical College, Bal- timore, 1895-97 ; Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Uni- versity of Maryland, 1900 — . 2000 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Taylor, Simon T. 1830. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. Taylor, William Franklin. 1898. Born in Kent County, Md., 1855. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; practices at Laurel, Md. *Teackle, John Upshur. 1829. Born in Virginia. M.D., University of Maryland, 1827. See list of 1848. *Teackle, St. George Williamson. 1878. Born at Baltimore, October 7, 1849 j son of St. George W. Teackle. Educated at Carey's School and University of Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; House Physician, Charity Hospital, Blackv^^ell's Island, N. Y. ; Resi- dent Physician, New York Penitentiary, Almshouse and Work- house, Blackwell's Island, N. Y. ; Physician to- Baltimore General - Dispensary, 1872-76; Visiting Physician to Bayview Asylum, 1879- 80; State Vaccine Argent of Maryland, 1882-97. Died near Govans- town, Baltimore County, Md., August 30, 1902, suddenly of angina pectoris. *Temple Thomas Price. 1881. Born in Hanover County, Va., 1830; son of T. P. Temple. M.D., Jefferson, 1850 ; practiced at Richmond before and after the War; then for a short time at Baltimore and in Harford County ; for the last seventeen years of his life practiced near Ellicott City, Howard County, Md. ; Surgeon, Sixth Virginia Regiment, C. S. A., 1861-65, being paroled at Appomattox Court House, Va., April 10, 1865. Died, as above. May 2, 1891. *Tharp, Jonathan. 1849. Born in Delaware. M.D., Jefferson, 1848; Vaccine Physician, 1850. Of Baltimore. Died at Baltimore. See list of 1853. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Thayer, William Sydney. 1893. Born at Milton, Mass., June 23, 1864. A.B., Harvard, 1885, and M.D., 1889; House Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1888-89; Assistant Resident Phy- sician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1890-91 ; Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891-98; Associate in Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1895-96; Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1896 — ; author (with Dr. Hewetson) of "The Malarial Fevers of Baltimore," Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1895 ; of "Lectures on the Malarial Fevers," Appleton & Co., New York, 1898; and of article on "Infectious Diseases," in "Progressive Medicine," vol. i, 1899, Lea Bros. & Co., 8vo. 406 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *Theobald, Elisha Warfield. 1847. Born at Georgetown, Ky., July 11, 1818. M.D., Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., 1839; a Founder and Lecturer at Maryland Medical Institute, 1847. Died at Baltimore, March 24, 185 1. ^Theobald, Elisha Warfield, Jr. 1876. Born at Baltimore, August 12, 1850. Pupil of his grandfather (Prof. N. R. Smith) ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875. Died at Baltimore, May 30, 1877. Theobald, Samuel. 1874. Born at Baltimore, November 12, 1846; son of Dr. E. W. Theobald. M.D., University of Maryland, 1867; the first to employ boracic acid in Diseases of the Eye, 1880; Pro- fessor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884 ; Founder and Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon, Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital ; Lecturer on Ophthalmology and Otology, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94 • Clinical Professor, 1894 — ; Ophthalmic and Aural Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, St. Vincent's Hospital and the Home for Incurables; most import- ant work, "Anatomical and Clinical Investigations, Bearing upon the Treatment of Strictures of the Lachrymal Passages;" contribu- tor to several works on Diseases of the Eye and Ear; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1899-1900; President, Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty, 1900-01. 304 West Monument Street, Baltimore. Thomas, Allen. A.M., St. Johns. 1802 (Q.). Of Elkridge, Anne Arundel County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Thomas, George. 1889. Born in Maryland, 1859. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1882; Lecturer on Diseases of Throat and Chest, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Clinical 38 591 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Professor and Secretary, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1893-97. Died at Baltimore, June 3, 1897. Thomas, Henry Briscoe. 1891. Born at Deep Falls, St. Mary's County, Md., April 16, 1864. Graduated from Charlotte Hall, 1881 ; pupil of Dr. W. W. Duval ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Resident Physician, University Lying-in Hospital, 1888-89; Chief of Clinic and Demonstrator of Laryngology and Rhinology, University of Maryland, 1895-98; Clinical Professor of Laryn- gology and Rhinology, 1898; Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital; Specialist in Nose, Throat and Chest Diseases. 1007 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. Thomas, Henry M. 1892. Born at Baltimore, May 25, 1861 ; son of Dr. J. C. Thomas. Educated at Haverford College and Johns Hopkins University; A.M. (Honorary), Johns Hopkins University, 1902; M.D., University of Maryland, 1885 ; studied abroad ; Lecturer on Nervous Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-94; Clinical Pro- fessor of Nervous Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, 1894 — ; Visiting Physician to Bayview Asylum ; Neurologist to Johns Hop- kins Hospital ; Consulting physician to the Home for Incurables ; Neurologist to the Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital; Specialist in Neurology. 1228 Madison Avenue, Baltimore *Thomas^ James Carey. 1874. Born at Baltimore, July 13, 1833; son of Dr. Richard Henry Thomas. A.B., Haverford College, Pa. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1854; Trustee of Johns Hop- kins University, 1870-97; President of the Clinical Society of Maryland, 1875-77; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty of Maryland, 1875-76, 1878-79 and 1887-88; Vice-President, Baltimore Academy of Medicine, 1877-78 ; President of the Young Men's Christian Association, 1877-81 ; Vice-President, 1881-97 ! Lec- turer on Hygiene, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1884-89; President of the Alumni Association of the University of Mary- land, 1884-85 and 1894-95 ; Consulting Physician to the* Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889-97; a Minister of the Society of Friends (orthodox). Died at Baltimore, November 9, 1897. *Thomas, John. Founder. 1799. Trustee of Queen Anne's County Almshouse, 1805 ; resided in Queen Anne County. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Thomas, John. 1801. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Thomas^ John Hanson. Born at Frederick, Md., September 23, 1813 ; son of J. Hanson Thomas, and grandson of Dr. Philip Thomas, Founder. Pupil of Dr. Ashton Alexander; educated at University of Virginia; settled at Baltimore, 1834; M.D., University of Maryland ("Va."), 1836; retired from practice, 1839; President, Merchants National Bank, Baltimore, 1839-79 ; Member of the City Council (several terms) ; Member of the Legislature, 1861 ; Pris- oner of War for several months. Died at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., July 15, 1881. *Thomas, Philip. Founder. 1799. Born near Chestertown, Kent County, Md., June 11, 1747; son of James Thomas. A medical pupil of Dr. Thomas Vandyke, of Philadelphia, for four years ; attended lectures at Philadelphia; moved to Frederick County, Md., 1769; Chairman of the Committee of Safety of Frederick County during the Revolution; Medical Purveyor of Frederick County, 1781-83; Elector for Washington; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1801-15 ; delivered an address before the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, June 15, 1802 {Fed- eral Gazette) ; married Jane Contee Hanson, daughter of Presi- dent John Hanson. Died at Frederick, Md., April 25, 1815. *Thomas, Richard Henry. 1827. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., June 20, 1805. A.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1822 ; pupil of Dr. Gustavus Warfield; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1827; settled at Baltimore; Lecturer on Obstetrics, Baltimore Medical InstitUi.e, 183 1 ; Professor of Obstetrics and Medical Jurispru- dence, University of Maryland, 1847-58. He was an eminent min- ister of the Society of Friends (orthodox), and traveled as such extensively over Europe and America. Died at Baltimore, January 15, i860. Thomas, Richard Henry. 1875. Born at Baltimore, January 26, 1854; son of Dr. R. H. Thomas. A.B., Haverford College, Pa., 1872; M.D., University of Maryland, 1875 ; Professor of Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Chest, Woman's Medical College of Baltimore, 1882-93, 1900 — ; Dean, Woman's Medical College, 1885-90, 1902 — ; author of "Echoes and Pictures" (Poems), 1895; "Penelve, or Among the Quakers," 1898; joint author with Prof. Allen C. Thomas, of Haverford College, of "A History of Friends in Amer- ica," American Church History Series, 1894; Minister of the Gos- pel, Society of Friends (orthodox). 1718 John Street, Baltimore. *Thomas, Tristram. Founder. 1799. Born at "Roodly," in Boling- broke Neck, Talbot County, Md., December 25, 1769. Educated 593 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY at Wilmington, Del. ; student of Dr. Nicholas Way, of Wilming- ton ; studied at the College of Medicine of Philadelphia; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1792; began practice at Trappe, Tal- ^ bot County, Md. ; removed to Easton, where he practiced for fifty years ; on the Board of Health, of Talbot County, 1793 ; Attending Physician of the County Almshouse; President of the Sixth District Medical Society, 1815. He was the father of Gov. Philip F. Thomas. In 1845 a portrait was painted of him as a testimonial of the public regard, and paid for by general subscription. This portrait is at the University of Maryland (Schultz, "History of Freemasonry in Maryland," vol. ii, p. 321). "Very tall and spare, with narrow, sloping shoulders ; gentle and sympathetic, the very model of a polished gentleman. He carried a cane from the Mount of Olives." Died at Easton, August 5, 1847. *Thomas, William. 1801 (?). Surgeon, Thirty-fifth Regiment, Mary- land Militia, 1810. Of Queen Anne's County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *Thomas, William. 1801 (?). Born at "De La Brooke Manor," St. Mary's County, Md., March 8, 1793; student of Dr. Physick, Philadelphia; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1814; practiced in St. Mary's County, Md. Died at "Cremona," his country seat, near Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Md., September 30, 1849. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. Thomas, William Dulany. 1890. Born at Baltimore, July 4, 1865. Educated at Baltimore City College; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1887 ; Examining Physician, Prudential Insurance Company ; Adjunct Professor, Southern Homoeopathic Medical College; resides at Baltimore. *Thomas, William H. 1818. Son of Tristram Thomas. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1819; was living 1847. Of Easton, Md. See list of 1848. ^Thompson, Anthony C. 1815. Of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Thompson, Augustine W. 1894. M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; removed to Lincoln, Talladega County, Ala. (Polk, 1896). Present address unknov/n. Thompson, Frank H. 1898. Born at Annapolis, August 21, 1855. Educated at St. John's College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1879; Health Officer, Annapolis. 594 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ^Thompson, George. 1817. See list of 1848. *TpioMPSON, Samuel. Founder. 1799. Born at "Medical Hili," Queen Anne's County, Md., 1777. "Graduated at Philadelphia;" married Mary Adeline Thompson, of Philadelphia, February 20, 1803 ; mar- ried the second time, Sarah Smythe, September 15, 1811; had a hospital for inoculation at "Medical Hill." Died September 6, 1844. Thompson. Thomas H. 1841. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jef- ferson, 1838. See Treasurer's book and list of 1848. Thompson, William Henry. 1887. Born at Yonkers, N.Y., January 13, 1849. Educated at High School, Yonkers, N. Y. ; M.D., How- ard University, Washington, D. C., 1872; Attending Physician in Obstetrics, Provident Hospital, Baltimore. 526 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. Thompson, William S. 1840. M.D.. University of New York. See list of 1848 and Treasurer's book. *Thomson, Absalom. Moved from Dorchester County to St. Michaels, Talbot County, Md. "A celebrated doctor and surgeon, who traveled about the country on a mule without saddle or shoes, in order more forcibly to impress his patients with his divine call- ing. His sole outfit was a jar of calomel and a rusty lancet with a four-pound metallic syringe having a nozzle of about a twelve bore shot gun. It is. told of him that on one occasion he actually sub- dued a fire at a patient's house with a tub of water and his clyster pipe, as he called it. His practice became so extensive that he opened a hospital, at his residence, in order to save time and travel; there for a number of years he reveled in blood and when satiated applied the actual cautery." Died September 24, 1842. See list of 1848. *Thomson, I. Davis. 1873. Born in Frederick County, Md., 1832. M.D., University of Maryland, 1861; began practice at Towson, Md.; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862; later. Surgeon; resumed practice at Baltimore, 1865; Assistant Physician, Mount Hope Retreat for the Insane; Surgeon, Northern Central, Baltimore and Potomac, and Western Maryland Railroads. Died at Balti- more, June 14, iSSi. *Thum, George. 1821. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1817. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. , 595 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY TiENCH, Christian S. 1834. M.D. Of Smithtown (?). See list of 1848. Tiffany, Louis McLane. Born at Baltimore, October 10, 1844. B.A., University of Cambridge, England, 1866, and M.A., Cam- bridge, later; M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; Resident Physi- cian, Almshouse; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Mary- land, 1869-74; Professor of Anatomy, Maryland Dental College; Professor of Operative Surgery, University of Maryland, 1874-80; Professor of Surgery, 1880-1902; resigned his Chair, 1902; Dean, University of Maryland, 1879-86; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1876-77 ; President of the Clinical Society of Maryland ; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1878-79 and 1880- 81 ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1892-93 ; President of the American Surgical Association ; President, Southern Surgical and Gynaecological Association ; Visiting Physician, City Almshouse ; Consulting Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital ; Surgeon-in-Chief, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ; important contributions to Surgery of the Kidney and Superior Maxilla. 831 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *TiLDEN, Charles. 1810. Born in 1769; son of Dr. William Blay Tilden. Educated at Princeton College, and probably A.B.; pupil of his father; began practice at Still Pond, but in a few years set- tled on the paternal estate near Shrewsbury Churcb, as a farmer; Censor, Caroline County, 1826. "He was stately, dignified, pre- cise in speech, sensible and eloquent, preferring the retirement and social intercourse of farm life to the labors and responsibili- ties of practice." Died in 1820, aged about fifty (Wroth). *TiLDEN, John. 1801 (?). Born in 1760. Surgeon in Revolution; practiced at New Town, Frederick County, Md., till death; also a minister. Died at New Town, Md., July 21, 1838. *Tilden, William Blay. 1800. Born about 1774; third son of Dr. W. B. Tilden. Educated at Princeton College; pupil of Dr. Shaaff, of Annapolis, and attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania ; practiced at Georgetown Cross Roads, Kent County, succeeding his father and brother; married Mary Buchanan. "Sensible, judicious, and attentive to the sick ; liberal tO' his younger brethren; a consistent member of the P. E. Church." (Address given in list of 1848 as Trappe, Talbot County, Md.) Died of typhoid fever about 1813. Tilghman, Charles H. 1897. Born at Baltimore, January 6, 1846. Educated at private schools; M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Resident Physici'an, Bayview Asylum, 1867; attended Guy's Hos- pital, 1867-68; then at Paris; Assistant Surgeon in the French Ambulance Corps, Franco-Prussian War; decorated by the Bava- rian Government with "Order of Military Merit;" retired from practice, 1873; resides at the "Grosses," near Easton, Md. *TiLGHMAN, Frisby. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; practiced at Annapolis and Hagerstown. Died at Hagerstown about 1848. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *TiLGHMAN, James. 1815. Of Easton, Talbot County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. (Quinan mentions a Tilghman, James, 1815.) *TiNGLE, Nathaniel R. 1816. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1816. See list of 1848. TiNSLEY, Alexander. 1897. Born in York County, Va., 1832. Edu- cated at Powers' School, Staunton, Va. ; graduated from William and Mary College; educated at Medical College of Virginia, Uni- versity of Virginia and University of New York; M.D., Univer- sity of New York, 1858; House Surgeon, Brooklyn City Hospital; on Coast Survey, i860; Surgeon, C. S. A. 2102 St. Paul Street, Baltimore. *TiTC0MB, Beniah. Born in Vermont, 1815. M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; practiced at Baltimore; traveled in Europe and South America; paid special attention to Eye and Ear and the making of models and casts. Died at Baltimore, February 23, 1882. *ToDD, Christopher. Founder. 1799. Born at North Point, Md., February 22, 1763; son of Thomas Todd, fourth. Studied medi- cine seven years, graduating M.D. at Philadelphia (said to have been a classmate of Dr. Ashton Alexander, who graduated 1795) ; located at "Hampton;" removed later to Garrison Forest, Green Spring Valley (about 1824); spent one year at Baltimore; thence removed to Taylor's Chapel, on the Hillen Road, where he died from accident, March 30, 1849; buried at Waugh Chapel, Green- wood P. O.; he was a Surgeon in the War of 1812. *ToDD, George Brainhard. About 1873. Born in Onondaga County, N. Y., 1833. Educated at University of New York; M.D., Uni- versity of New York; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861 ; later, Surgeon, U. S. N. ; began practice at Baltimore about 1866; returned to Navy. Died at Pensacola, Fla., of yellow fever, Sep- tember 22, 1874. 597 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Todd, William James. 1890. Born at Pittsburg, Pa., July 24, 1857. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1889 ; Resi- dent Physician, Maternite, 1889-90; President, Baltimore County Medical Association, 1899; practices at Mount Washington, Md. *ToDSEN, George P. 1821. Born in Louisiana. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1821 ; appointed from Louisiana Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., January 20, 1824; dismissed, March 25, 1826 (Ham- mersley). Of Missouri; later, of New Orleans. See list of 1848. *ToELLE, Frederick C. iSoi (?). M.D. ; Si-rgeon, Fi.t' Re;> nun' Cavalry, Maryland Militia, 1814. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *ToLAND, Aquilla. 1819. See list of 1848. ToLOSA, Henri F. 1876. Of Baltimore. *Toner, Joseph Meredith. Honorary. 1878. Born at Pittsburg, Pa., April 30, 1825. Educated at Western Pennsylvania Univer- sity and Mount St. Mary's College; M.D., Vermont Medical Col- lege, Woodstock, Vt, 1850, also Jefiferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, 1853 ; settled at Washington, 1855 ; President, District of Columbia Medical Society, to 1870; President, American Medical Association, 1873-74; endowed the Toner Lectures, 1872; Presi- dent, American Public Health Association, 1874-75; Orator, Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1875 ; Attending Phy- sician, Providence Hospital, St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum and St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum; collected a valuable library, which he gave to the United States ; it now forms part of the Congressional Library at Washington; author of "Maternal Instinct or Love," i2mo, Baltimore, 1864; "Medical Register of the District of Columbia," i2mo, Washington, 1867. Died at Cresson, Pa., July 30, 1896. Tongue, Harrison. 1899. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., 1847. Educated at Georgetown College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871. Of Elkridge, Howard County, Md. TowNSEND, William Guy. 1891. Born at Royal Oak, Talbot County, Md., September 27, 1864. Educated at Randolph-Macon College, Va. ; studied pharmacy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; stud- ied in the Polst-graduate Course at the Johns Hopkins University, 1888-90; Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Dispensary; Resident Physician, MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Maryland General Hospital ; Resident Physician, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, 1891-92 ; Demonstrator of Pathology, Baltimore Medical College, 1893+. 10 West North Avenue, Baltimore. *Trapnall, Philip. Founder. 1799. Born in Baltimore County, Md., January 4, 1773. M.E)., University of Pennsylvania, 1796; moved to Harrodsburg, Ky., 1800; Member of the Legislature of Ken- tucky, 1806-09; retired from practice in 1818 and devoted himself to agriculture. Died January 31, 1853. Trapnell, Richard W. 1899. Born at Annapolis, October 27, 1844. M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Point of Rocks, Md. Trimble, David B. 1837. Born in Maryland. M.D., Jefferson, 1837. See list of Trimble, Isaac Ridgway. 1891. Born at "Wye House," Talbot County, Md., October 10, i860. Educated at Shenandoah Valley Academy and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1884-85; Assistant Surgeon, Fifth Regiment of M. N. G., 1889-99; Sur- geon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1890 — ; Professor of Anatomy and Opera;tive and Clinical Surgery, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1891-99; Dean, Woman's Medical College, 1894-96; Lec- turer on Clinical Surgery, University of Maryland, 1894-99 ; Pro- fessor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1899 — ; Surgeon in- Chief, United Rail- way and Electric Company of Baltimore. 8 West Madison Street, Baltimore. Trippe, Edward Richard. 1893. Born at Easton, Md., 1840. Gradu- ated from Bushington College ; . M.D., University of Maryland, 1862 ; has practiced always at Easton, Md. ; Rear Commodore, Chesapeake Fleet ; Surgeon, Maryland Naval Militia. *Trippe, John. 1801 (?). Died at Easton, Talbot County, Md., 1811. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Troup, John Irvine. Born in Queen Anne's County, Md., 1771. M.D., University of Edinburgh, 1793 (Thesis, "De Vermibus") ; practiced on the Eastern Shore; retired and came to Baltimore, residing at "Darley," near the city. Died near Baltimore, 1S51. 599 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *TuBMAN, Robert H. 1815. Retired from practice and engaged in farming near Cambridge. Of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md. See list of 1848. Tudor, Samuel M. 1831. M.D. Of Pennsylvania. See list of 1848. *TuRNBULL, Duncan. 1828. Born in Scotland. B.M. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1822; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1821-26; had a private dissecting room and lectured on Anatomy, Surgery and Pathology for several years; moved South in 1831, and died be- tween 1832 and 1837 (in Mississippi ?). Marked dead by Fonerden in list of 1837. *TuRNER, Benjamin A. 1893. Born in Prince George County, Md., 1849. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1881 ; Chief of Gynsecological Clinic, Woman's Medical College ; Assistant Physician, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Catonsville ; Physician in Charge of the State Institution for Feeble-minded Children at Ovi^ings' Mills, Md. Died May 7, 1895. Turner, Charles. 1831. M.D., Washington Medical College, Balti- more, 1829. Of Delaware. See list of 1848. Turner, James H. 1853. M.D., University of Maryland, 1847; Resi- dent Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1849. Of Baltimore. *Turner, John. 1808. See Medical and Physical Recorder. ♦Turner, John. Born at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md., 1812. M.D., University of Maryland, 1834. Of Mackall, Calvert County (Polk). Died in Calvert County, Md., November 9, 1896. Turner, John, Jr. 1898. Born at Irvington, Va., January 23, 1869. B.S., Randolph-Macon College, Virginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1892; Professor of Physiology, Boys' Latin School, Baltimore ; Physician to Children's Country Home, Catonsville, 1896 ; Prosector of Anatomy, University of Maryland ; practice limited to Surgery, Eye, Ear and Throat. 1814 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *TuRNER, William. 1814. See Treasurer's MS. book, and Archives. Turpin, Walter L. 183 i. Of Queen Anne's County, Md. Archives. 600 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Tydings, Oliver. 1882. Born at St. Margaret's, x\nne Arundel County, Md. ; son of Henry Tydings. M.D., University of Maryland, 1877 ; removed to Conway, Faulkner County, Ark. ; returned to Chase, Bal- timore County, Md. ; removed to Piqua, Miami County, O. ; from there to Chicago, III, v^-here he now resides, at 103 State Street; Surgeon, and Professor of Chicago Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Col- lege and Hospital. *TyLER, Grafton, Jr. 1839. Born in Prince George County, Md., November 21, 181 1. Pupil of Prof. S. Baker; M.D., University of Maryland, 1833; settled at Georgetown, 1843; Physician to George- town College, 1843; Professor of Pathology and Practice, Co- lumbian College, 1846-59; Vice-President, American Medical Association, 1855 ; President, Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1872-73; Consulting Physician, Providence Hospital and Children's Hospital ; President of the Board of Health of George- town. Died at Georgetown, August 26, 1884. *Tyler, John. Founder. 1799. Born in Prince George County, Md., June 29, 1763. Began study of medicine under Dr. Smith, of Georgetown; pupil at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and received diploma, 1784; also pupil of John Hunter, Fordyce, Pott, Baillie and others; began practice at Frederick City, Md., 1786; according to Quinan, the first oculist in America; acquired a great reputation in ophthalmology; one of the first in the United States to operate for cataract, patients coming long distances to be "couched;" an officer in the "Whiskey Insurrection" in Pennsyl- vania; Elector of Jefferson; being possessed of a competency and, his hearing becoming dulled by age and disease, he retired from practice. Died, unmarried, at Frederick City, October 15, 1841. *Tyler, Samuel M. 1847. Born at Frederick, Md., December 10, 1820 ; son of William Tyler. Student of his father ; M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1842 ; "the first Surgeon in Maryland to adopt anaesthetics in surgery." Died at Frederick, Md., July 26, 1856. See Trans., American Medical Association, i860. *Tyler, William Bradley. Born at "Brough," Prince George County, Md., May 31, 1788. Pupil of Dr. Philip Thomas, of Frederick Town, 1806; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1809; Physician to the Marine Hospital, Baltimore, 1809-10; practiced at Leesburg, Va., 1810-14, and at Frederick Town, Md., 1814-42; Censor, 1831. Died at Frederick City, Md., September 9, 1863. 601 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Tyler, William, Sr. 1828. Born in Prince George County, Md., May 5, 1784. Pupil of his uncle (John Tyler, of Frederick) ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1804; a very popular and successful practitioner for sixty-one years; Founder and President until his death of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Frederick; Director of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; intimate friend and Elector of Andrew Jackson. Died at Frederick, Md., April 12, 1872, after sixty-six years of practice. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Tyson, Samuel Ellicott. 1832. Born in Maryland, 1809. Pupil of Dr. Wni. Handy; M.D., Washington College, Baltimore (?); later, in hospital, Philadelphia; gave up practice for pharmacy. Died at Washington, D. C, 1883. Uhler, John Reese. 1892. Born at Baltimore, May 3, 1839. Edu- cated at Carey's and Topping's Schools ; attended College of Pharmacy; M.D., Univerisity of Maryland, 1861 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-64; Surgeon, Fifth Maryland U. S. Volun- teers, 1864-65 ; Resident Physician, Bayview Asylum, one year ; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1873-74; Professor of Practice of Medicine, Baltimore Medical College. 1531 McCulloh Street, Baltimore. Ulman, Solomon Jay. 1892. Born at Baltimore, September 27, 1865. Educated at Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1889; Post-graduate student, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Police Surgeon, 1899 — . 1725 Park Avenue, Baltimore. *Valiant, John A. 1831. M.D., University of Maryland, 1830. Of Baltimore. See list of 1848. Van Bibber, Armfield Franklin. 1898. Born at Bel Air, Harford County, Md., June 18, 1872. Educated at Virginia Military Insti- tute; M.D., University of Maryland, 1896; practices at Bel Air. Van Bibber, Claude. 1878. Born at Baltimore, June 2T, 1853. A.B., Georgetown University, 1874; M.D., University of Maryland, 1877; Founder, Dispensary for Nervous Diseases, October, 1878, and Orthopjedic Surgeon there, 1878-90; Visiting Physician, St. Agnes Hospital, 1878-93, and to the Home of the Friendless, 1881 — ; Vis- iting Surgeon, St. Joseph's Hospital, 1895 — . 9 East Read Street, Baltimore. *Van Bibber, John Pierre. 1875. Born at Baltimore, January 15, 1850. A.B., Loyola College, Baltimore, 1867; student of Dr. W. 602 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Chew Van Bibber; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; studied in Europe, 1871-74; a Founder of the American Neurological Association; Lecturer on Neurology, Washington University, Bal- timore; Founder, Dispensary for Nervous Diseases, Baltimore (this was the first special dispensary in this department at Balti- more) ; an author of Keating's "Encyclopaedia of Diseases of Chil- dren;" Lecturer at the Peabody Institute, 1881. Died at Baltimore, May 5, 1S92. *Van Bibber, Washington Chew. 1852. Born in Carroll County, Md., July 24, 1824. Attended Dickinson College and Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg; A.B., Jefferson College, Cannons- burg, Pa., 1843; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 184S; practiced in Mississippi and New Orleans; set- tled at Baltimore, 1846; Vaccine Physician, 1847-S0; a Founder of the Pathological Society, 1853; Secretaiy, Pathological Society, 1853-58; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1857-59; a Founder of the Clinical Society of Maryland, 1875, and Baltimore Academy of Medicine, 1877; Attending Physician, Bal- timore Almshouse; Associate Editor, Virginia Medical Monthly, 1856-59, and of the Maryland and Virginia Medical Journal, 1859- 61 ; Lecturer on the Diseases of Children and Venereal Diseases at the Summer Course of the University of Maryland, and Attend- ing Physician, Special Dispensary, 1866 (these were the first clinics at the University on the Diseases of Children, and this was the first step towards the establishment of an outdoor clinic) ; a Founder and the first President of the Baltimore Pathological Society, 1867 ; Peabody Lecturer, 1869 ; President of Baltimore Academy of Med- icine, 1887. Died at Baltimore, December 14, 1892. *Van Lear, Matthew Sims. 181 i. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 181 1. Of Sassafras Neck, Cecil County, Md. *Van Lear, William. 1817 (?). M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1817. Of Williamsport, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853- Van Marter, James Gilbert. 1890. Born at Basle, Switzerland, 1868; son of J. G. Van Marter, of New York. Brought up at Florence and Rome, Italy ; Licentiate in Letters at Collegio Romano ; matri- culated at University of "Rome, 1886; matriculated at University of Maryland, 1887, and graduated M.D. therefrom, 1890; graduated at University of Rome, 1891 ; took special courses with Kocher, at Berne, Switzerland; practiced at Rome one year; health failing, 603 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY spent three years on Pacific Coast; has practiced at Savannah since 1897; Librarian of Georgia Medical Society; Physician and Sur- geon to Savannah Hospital. Van Ness, Eugene McEvers. 1894. Born at Baltimore, July 24, 1868. Educated at City College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; Assistant Resident Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1891- 92; President of Board of Medical Examiners of Maryland. 1515 Park Avenue, Baltimore. ^Veazey, Edward. 1822. Born at Cherry Grove, Cecil County, Md., March 26, 1799; son of Gov. Thos. Ward Veazey. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1822 ; practiced in Cecil County, in Western Pennsylvania and in Virginia ; settled finally at St. Louis, Mo., where he died, December 14, 1870. See list of 1848. *Veazey, John Thompson. Born at "Essex Lodge," Sassafras Neck, Cecil County, Md., July 22, 1783 ; son of Dr. T. B. Veazey. Attended lectures at University of Maryland (?); took part in defense of Fredericktown, Md., in War of 1812; Censor for Cecil County, 1831 (American Journal of Medical Sciences). Died March 30, 1839. See list of 1848. *Veazey, Peregrine Ward. 1817. Practiced at Sassafras Neck, Cecil Co'unty, Md., and died unmarried. See lists of 1829, 1848 and 1853. *Veazey, Thomas Brockus. 1801 (?). Born at "Essex Lodge," Cecil County, Md., March 29, 1750. Succeeded to- the family homestead in 1777, and there lived as a planter and physician until his death; Vestryman of St. Stephen's Parish and Delegate to the first Convention of the P. E. Church in Maryland, in 1792. Died at "Essex Lodge," Sassafras Neck, Cecil County, Md., 1806. *Vees, Charles H. 1888. Born in 1859. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1886. Died at Baltimore, May 27, 1892. *Vethake, John W. A Founder of Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1827; Professor of Chemistry, Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1827-28. *ViRDiN, William Ward, Jr. 1878. Born at Baltimore, August 12, 1829; son of Capt. W. W. Virdin. M.D., University of Maryland, 1866; Surgeon, C. S. A. Died at Lapidum, Harford County, Md., May 20, 1897. 604 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY VoGEL, Charles W. 1897. Born at Baltimore, August 8, 1870. Edu- cated at Knapp's Institute; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1892; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1895; Assistant Resident Physician, Maryland Lying-in Asylum, 1895-96; Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons; practiced at Baltimore, 1896-99; Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, 1899 — ; resides at San Francisco, Cal. Waddell, David F. 1899. Born at Preston, Caroline County, Md., July 16, 1852. Graduated from Preston Academy; M.D., Chicago Medical College, 1879; practices at Millington, Md. Wade, J. Percy. 1893. Born in Montgomery County, Va., October 22, 1869. Educated at City College, Baltimore, and Johns Hopkins University; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1891 ; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1891 ; Assistant Physician, 189T, and Superintendent, Maryland Hospital for Insane (Spring Grove), 1896 — . Wadlow, . 1823. See list of 1848. (Can this be "Wardlow, Jos. J., S. C, 1836," Jefferson? There was a Dr. Wm. Wardlow, Richmond, Va., "apothecary and physician," 1817.) *Waggaman, Henry Pierpont. Born at Monie, Somerset County, Md., 1785 ; son of Henry Waggaman. Is said to have attended medical lectures at Philadelphia about 1808-09 ; married the widow of Dr. Cooper, of Dorchester County; Censor, 1822; resided at Newmarket, Dorchester County, Md. Died after 1843. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Wagner, Albert Schmidt. 1892. Born near Baltimore, September 20, 1869; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1892 ; Resident Physician, Hebrew Hospital. Died at Baltimore, February 23, 1893. Wagner, Frank E. 1894. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1894 ; Assistant Surgeon, Maryland Naval Reserves, 1898. 1717 North Calvert Street, Baltimore. *Wailes, William PIandy. 1827. Born April 7, 1801. "Probably graduated, 1825-30;" married Miss Leonard, August 26, 1834; prac- ticed at Salisbury, Md. Died at Salisbury, April 29, 1849. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 605 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Wainwright, Charles W. 1896. Born at Princess Anne, Md., May 8, 1858; son of Edward J. Wainwright, Editor of Somerset Herald. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Md., 1876; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1886. Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. *Walker, Edmund Rhett. 1890. Born at Beaufort, S. C, 1836. Educated at the University of Virginia and College of Columbia, S. C; A.B., College of Columbia, 1856; M.D., University of Vir- ginia, 1857; M.D., Belkvue Hospital Medical College, 1858; As- sistant Surgeon, Bellevue Hospital, 1858-60; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; settled at Baltimore after the War as Coroner; Professor of Surgery, Washington University, Baltimore, 1876-77; Elxam- iner. Equitable Life Assurance Association; Attending Physician, Church Home and Infirmary; Professor of Surgery, Baltimore Medical College. Died at Baltimore, September 30, 1891. *WalkeRj Thomas Cradock. Born at "Garrison Forest," Baltimore County, Md., 1773 ; grandson of Dr. James Walker, of Anne Arun- del County, 1715. Educated by Revs. Andrews and West; pupil of Dr. Thomas Cradock; attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania (Quinan says, M.D., there, 1796, in class with N. Potter and A. Pue, but his name is not in the Cata- logue) ; Hospital Surgeon's Mate, 1813-15, at Burlington and Plattsburgh; Associate in Practice with Dr. Thomas Cradock, Founder, and became his heir. Died at "Trentham," Garrison Forest, Baltimore County, Md., May 31, i860. Wallace, Joseph Veazey. 1898. Born at Cincinnati, O., April 12, 1830. Educated by private tutor at Elkton, Md. ; pupil of Dr. James Robert Ward, Clearspring, Washington County, Md., 1850-51 ; M.D., University of Mar}rland, 1853 ; Member of the Board of Examining Surgeons at Elkton ; President of the Cecil County Medical Society ; resides at Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Md. Wallace, W. W. 1833. M.D. See list of 1848. *Walls, Enoch George. 1873. Born at Sudlersville, Queen Anne's County, Md., September 3, 1850; son of Joshua Walls. Educated at the Normal School, 1867-68 : pupil of Dr. C. M. Morfit, of Balti- more; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1872; settled in practice at Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 1872-80; Resident Physi- cian, Red Sulphur Springs, Roanoke, Va., 1884; removed to Colo- rado Springs, 1886; appointed Aide on Governor Routt's staff, 1891 ; 606 RICHARD S. STEUART 1797-1876. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY removed to Smyrna, Del., 1892; Examining Physician, Fidelity Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, 1892; removed to Wash- ington, D. C, 1893; smallpox expert in 1895; Attending Physician, Forest Glen Seminary for two years; Surgeon to American Line steamer "Kensington," 1902. Died at New York, October 5, 1902. See Trans., 1873. *Walls, J. William. 1878. Born at Harper's Ferry, W. Va. , 1835. Educated at Winchester, Va, ; M.D., Winchester Medical College; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Winchester Medical Col- lege, 1861 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; removed to Baltimore, 1865 ; Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Washington University, Bal- timore, 1867. Died at Philadelphia, May 19, 1881. *Walls, William W. 1814. M.D., University of Maryland, 1814; Inaugural Dissertation on "Rabies Canina." Of Winchester, Va. In list of 1848 marked dead. Walter, Milton Raphael. 1894. Born at Baltimore, June 30, 1870. Educated at the City College; Ph.D., Maryland College of Phar- macy, 1890; M.D., University of Maryland, 1893; Assistant Resi- dent Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1893-94; Assistant in Neurology, Johns Hopkins Dispensary, 1895; Assistant to Professor Krause, University of Berlin, 1896; Assistant Laryngologist, Bayview Asy- lum, and Assistant in the Nose and Throat Department, University of Maryland; Assistant in Pathology, University of Maryland, 1899-1900; Demonstrator of Histology and Embryology, 1900 — . 1013 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Waltemeyer, J. Tassey. 1893. Born at Baltimore, November 14, 1865. M.D., Jefferson, 1887. Of Alberton, Md. Walton, Henry Roland. 1873 (?). Born in St. Mary's County, Md., February 29, 1828. Educated at St. John's College, Alumnus of 1848: M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; Resident Physician, Baltimore Almshouse, 1849-51; in hospitals of Paris, 1851-53; prac- tices at Annapolis. *Waltz, Peter. Founder. 1799. Of Washington County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Ward, James Robert. 1829. Born in Cecil County, Md., 1807. Edu- cated at Boisseau's Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1828; Surgeon, U. S. N. ; began practice in Washington County, Md. ; 39 607 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY removed to Govanstown, Md., 1837; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1874-75 ; President, Baltimore Academy of Medicine, 1879-80; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1878 and 1881; President, State Board of Health. Died at Govanstown, Md., April 29, 1884. Ward, Thomas J. 1878. M.D., University of Maryland, 1877. 205 East Lafayette Avenue, Baltimore. Wareham, Edward A. 1897. Born in Ritchie County, Va., September 28, 1858. M.D., University of Maryland, 1883. Of Hagerstown, Md. *Warfield, Anderson. 1801 (?). Of Baltimore. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Marked dead in the latter. (See Anderson, Warfield.) *Warfield, Charles Alexander. Founder. 1799. Born in Howard County, Md., December 3, 1751 ; son of Azel Warfield. M.B. (yet he signs a diploma of the College of Medicine of Maryland in 1812 without putting the degree after his name) ; Captain of a Company of Cavalry, and leader in the burning of the cargo of tea on the "Peggy Stewart" in the harbor of Annapolis, October 19, 1774; on the Committee of Observation of Anne Arundel County, 1775 ; First Major of Elk Ridge Battalion, 1776; engaged in the manufacture of saltpeter the same year; Judge of Anne Arundel County Court, ^777', President, College of Medicine of Maryland (University of Maryland), 1812. "He was the first to propose a separation from the mother country. His father, when warned by Mr. Carroll that such rash words might bring him trouble, replied, 'My son knows what he is saying and I agree with him.' * * * One year after, mounting his trooper, he led his neighbors to Annapolis. Drawing them into line before tEe now famous Peggy Stewart House, he called Mr. Stewart to accept one of two propositions : 'You must either go with me and apply the torch to your own vessel or hang before your own door.' His manner of expression, though courteous, carried the conviction that it would be safer to accept the former, and Major Warfield stood beside Mr. Stewart when he applied the torch. He is so represented in the recent painting of Mr. Mayer, now in the State House, Annapolis." There is a portrait of Dr. Warfield, by Peale, in the gallery of Dr. Evan W. Warfield, his grandson, which is reproduced in this work. Died at "Bushy Park," Anne Arundel County, Md., January 29, 1813. Warfield, George W. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Of Nashville, Tenn. See list of 1848. 608 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Warfield, Gustavus. i8oi (?). Born at "Bushy Park," Anne Arun- del (now Howard) County, Md., March 31, 1784; son of Dr. C. A. Warfield. Educated at Frederick City Academy and St. John's College ; student of his father ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1806; began practice at once as partner of his father, succeeding to the entire practice on the death of C. A. Warfield in 1813 ; prac- ticed for sixty years and in seven counties of Maryland ; Censor, 1840. Two cases are reported by him as occurring in 181 5 and 1829 {Maryland Medical Recorder, vol. iii, 1832). "A good man and good physician, courteous, temperate and benevolent, quick in diagnosis, sound in judgment, truthful and abounding in resource, patient, conscientious, public-spirited." Died at "Lx)ngwood," Howard County, August 8, 1866. *Warfield, Jesse Lee. 1823. Born in Frederick County, Md., Novem- ber 27, 1801 ; son of Alexander Warfield. Student of Dr. S. Baker, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823; practiced in Fred- erick County, 1823-32; moved to New Windsor, 1832, to Westmin- ter, Md., 1846, and to Baltimore, 1868; President, Farmers and Mechanics National Bank. Died near Baltimore, February 9, 1887. Warfield, Mactier. 1890. A.B., Johns Hopkins, 1881 ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1884; Chief of Clinic, Throat and Nose Depart- ment, Johns Hopkins Hospital ; Instructor in Laryngology, Johns Hopkins Medical School; President of the Board of Examiners of Maryland ; Member of the Board of Supervisors of Charities of Baltimore. 15 West Franklin Street, Baltimore. *Warfield. Peregrine. 1800. Born in Maryland, February, 1779. Practiced a few years at Liberty Town ; then settled at Georgetown, D. C. ; a Founder of the Medical Society of the District of Colum- bia, 1819. Dr. Peregrine Warfield was a son of Dr. C. A. War- field. In 1812, during the political riots at Baltimore, while defend- ing the Federalist press of Hon. Charles Alexander Contee Hanson. he was wounded. Died at Georgetown, July 24, 1856. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Warfield, Ridgely Brown. 1890. Born in Howard County, Md., June 15, 1864. M.D., University of Maryland, 1884; Assistant Resident Physician, University Hospital, 1884-85 ; Resident Physician, Bay- view Asylum, 1885-86; Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1892-93 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Baltimore Medi- cal College, 1893-95 ; Associate Professor of Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1895 — ; Surgeon-General of Maryland, 1897 — ; on 609 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the Surgical Slafif of the Maryland General Hospital. 845 Park Avenue, Baltimore. '•'Warner, Augustus Lockman. 1829. Born at Baltimore. A.M., Princeton College, 1826; M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; had a private dissecting room at Baltimore, 1830-34; Physician to Cholera Hospital, Baltimore, 1832 ; Professor of Anatomy, Physi- ology and Surgery, University of Virginia, 1834 ; Professor of Sur- gery, Hampden-Sidney Medical College, Richmond, Va. Died at Richmond, May 5, 1847. Warner, A. Shelmon. 1892. Botu at Manchester, Carroll County, Md., March 30, 1856. Educated in York County (Pa.) Academy and State Normal School, Millersville, Pa. ; taught school five years ; Principal Newmarket Grammar School, two years ; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1881 ; practices at 1 120 North First Street, East, Baltimore. *Warren Edward. Born in Tyrrell County, N. C, 1828. Educated at the University of Virginia; M.D., University of Virginia, 1850; M.D., Jefferson, 1851 ; began practice at Edenton, N. C. ; at Paris, 1854-55; Fiske Fund Prize Essayist, Rhode Island, 1856; Editor, Medical Journal of North Carolina; Professor of Materia Medica, University of Maryland, 1860-61 ; Editor, Baltimore Journal of Med- icine, 1861 (bimonthly, three numbers) ; Surgeon-General of North Carolina and Medical Inspector of the Army of Northern Virginia, C. S. A., 1861-65 ; reorganized Washington University Medical School, Baltimore, 1867, and Professor of Surgery, 1867-71 ; Editor, Medical Bulletin, 1868-70; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1871-72; a Founder of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Baltimore, 1872, and Professor of Surgery there, 1872-73; Surgeon in Chief, Egyptian Army, 1873-75 ; settled at Paris, 1875 ; LL.D., Universitjr of North Carolina; Chevalier, Legion of Honor, France; Knight, Order of Isabella; claimed the discovery of hypo- dermic medication, 1850-51; invented a splint for the treatment of fracture of the clavicle, 1872; author, "Practical Surgery," i2mo, Richmond, 1863 ; "A Doctor's Experience in Three Continents," 8vOi, Baltimore, 1885. Died at Paris, September 16, 1893. Waters, Edmund George. 1883. Born at Baltimore, June 16, 1830. Student in Chemistry, University of Maryland, 1848; pupil of Prof. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1853; practiced in Somerset County, Md., 1853, and at Baltimore, 1854-65 ; President, Young Men's Christian Association, Baltimore, 1860-61 ; Acting 610 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-65 ; Professor of Natural Science, Baltimore City College, 1866-68; removed to Cambridge, Md., 1868; Member of the House of Delegates, Dorchester County, 1875-77; a Founder of the Medical and Surgical Society of Baltimore (com- posed of Army Surgeons), 1863; and of Baltimore Medical Associa- tion, 1866; President, Baltimore Medical Association. 171 1 Madi- son Avenue, Baltimore. Waters, Franklin. 1826. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1838. Of Prince George County, Md. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873, Treasurer's MS. book and Trans., 1857. *Waters, Horatio W. 1819. M.D., University of Maryland, 1817. Of Baltimore. In list oi 1848 marked dead. *Waters, James W. 1833. M.D., University of Maryland, 1832; located in practice at Mount Grove, Anne Arundel County, Md. ; in 1839 moved to Georgia; after five or six years, returned to^ Anne Arundel County, staid there two years, then spent two years at Baltimore, after which settled finally at Mount Grove. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Waters, John. M.D., University of Maryland, 1819 ("Tenn."). See list of 1848. *Waters, Jonathan. 181 i. M.D., College of Medicine, Maryland, 1811 (?) ; Censor of Anne Arundel County, Md., 1826. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Waters, Nehemiah. 1808. In list of 1848 marked dead. *Waters, Robert. iSio. Not an M.D. See list of 1848. Waters, Somerset Richard. 1898. Born at Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Md., December 14, 1829; son of Richard R. Waters. Edu- cated at Rockville Academy ; taught private school ; student of Drs. Dunbar and P. C. Williams, 1856-57 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1858 ; has practiced ever since at Watersville, Carroll County, Md. ; recently has been connected with Treasury Department of Maryland, which has necessitated frequent visits to Annapolis, and practice has consequently been limited almost entirely to consultations. *Waters, Washington. 1826. Born at "Belmont," near Brookeville, Montgomery County, Md., 1804. Pupil of Dr. Tyler, of Frederick 611 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY City; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; immediately began prac- tice near Goshen, Montgomery County, continuing it over forty years; the latter part of his life was devoted to farming; served in the Maryland Senate and House of Delegates several terms. Died February 24, 1882. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Waters, William. 1824. Born in 1800. M.D., University of Mary- land, 1824; Censor, 1840; Orator at meeting of Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty at Frederick City, Md., 1857; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1857-58. Died at Frederick City, Md., July 7, 1862. Waters, William Alexander. 1857. Born near Brookeville, Montgom- ery County, Md., June 6, 1826; son of Ignatius Waters. Educated at Brookeville Academy and New Windsor College. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1852. 01 Germantown, Montgomery County, Md. Trans., 1858 and 1873. *Waters, Wilson. Founder. 1799. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., 1758. Surgeon's Mate, Hospital Department of the American Navy in the Revolution ; settled for practice in Anne Arundel County; pensioned in 1832. Of Rockville, Md. Died in Anne Arundel County, February 5, 1836. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Watkins, Tobias. 1801 ( ?). Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., December 12, 1780. Educated at St. John's College; pupil of Dr. Daniel ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., July 20, 1799 ; resigned, Jan- uary I, 1801 ; M.D. ; Licentiate in Midwifery; began practice at Bal- timore, 1803 or 1804; Physician to the Marine Hospital; Major and Surgeon, Thirty-eighth Infantry, U. S. A., May 20, 1813 ; appointed from Maryland Hospital Surgeon, March 30, 1814; provisionally retained, June 15, 1815 ; Assistant Surgeon-General, April 18, 1818; disbanded, June i, 1821 ; Deputy Grand Master of Masons, 1809-13; Grand Master, 1813-14 and 1816-18; High Priest, Encamp- ment of the Knights Templar, No. i, 1812; Fourth Auditor of the United States Treasury, Washington, 1824-29; found guilty in Washington of appropriating the public money and imprisoned therefor 1829 to 1833; Editor of Baltimore Medical and Physical Recorder, 1808-09 (the first medical journal published in Balti- more) ; one of the Editors of the "Portfolio;" translated several medical works from the French; author of "Tales of the Tripod, or a Delphian Evening," i2mo', Baltimore, 1821. An elegant scholar and accomplished gentleman. Died at Washington, November t, i8S5- '612 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Watson^ Arthur G. 1892. Born in Accomac County, Va., March 9, 1851; son of Dr. Arthur Watson. M.D., University of Maryland, 1872. 1301 North Central Avenue, Baltimore. *Watson, James. 1800. Of District of Columbia. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Watson, William Topping. 1896. Born at Frederickton, New Bruns- wick, Canada, November 4, 1862; of Scotch parentage. Educated at the Johns Hopkins University; M.D., University of Maryland, 1891 ; Associate Professor of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore Medical College, 1902 — . 5 West Preston Street, Baltimore. Wattenscheidt, Charles. 1892. Born at Baltimore, June 30, 1867; son of Charles Wattenscheidt. Educated at Business College, Over- lea College and Glenwood Institute. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1891 ; Assistant Gynaecologist at City Hospital Dispensary, 1891-93 ; practice limited to Gynaecology and Neurology. 1208 West North Avenue, Baltimore. Watts, Arthur G. M.D., University of Maryland, 1880. Of Baltimore. Last entry in Polk's Directory, 1886. *Way, Joseph. 1801 (?). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. *Wayson, George W. 1853. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., November 18, 1819. M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1846 ; taught school in Anne Arundel County for four years; prac- ticed at Baltimore from 185 1 ; Vaccine Physician, 1851-59; Colonel, Third Maryland Infantry, 1861-62 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-65 ; Member of the City Council, 1863-65 ; Visiting Physi- cian, City Almshouse; retired, 1894. Died at Baltimore, September 26, 1899. Weaver, John F. B. 1898. Born near Manchester, Carroll County, Md„ February 11, 1844. Educated at Hanover Seminary, Pennsylvania; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; has always practiced at Man- chester, Md. *Webb, Samuel. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826. Of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. See list of 1848. *Webb, William Kelso. 1876. Born at Baltimore, 1850. M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1875. Died at Baltimore, July 12, 1895. 613 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Webster, Henry Worthington. 1823. Born at Baltimore, 1795 ; son of Isaac Webster. M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; married Harriet Jacobi, 1828; resided and practiced in South Baltimore; Vaccine Physician, 1851-52 and 1861. Died at Baltimore, October 23, 1869. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Webster, Henry Worthington^ Jr. 1855. Born at Baltimore, Febru- ary 23, 1830; son of H. W. Webster, Sr. Educated at City College; served in the Mexican War; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; during the yellow fever at Norfolk in 1855 he offered his services and continued at his post until he himself was stricken with the disease. Died at Baltimore, August 29, 1894. See Treasurer's book. *Webster, John Lee. 1833. Son of John Skinner Webster. M.D., University of Maryland, 1833: Vaccine Physician, 1851-52; no children. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Weedon, J. H. W. G. 1899. Born on Kent Island, Queen Anne's County, Md., September i, 1836. Educated at Centerville Academy; M.D., University of Maryland, 1864; Assistant Resident Physician, Uni- versity Hospital, 1864-65 ; has practiced at Church Hill, Queen Anne's County, Md., since 1865 ; Member of the Legislature, 1878. Weems^ Loch L. 1801 (?). See list of 1807. *Weems, Loch Leven. 1828. M.D., University of Maryland. 1827; practiced and died in Calvert County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *Weems, Stephen Decatur. 1853. Born in Calvert County, Md., February 14, 1810. Pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1833 ; practiced at West River, Md. ; Consul to Guate- mala, 1837, and married there; returned to Maryland. Died at Loch Eden, Md., June, 1869. *Weems, William M. Censor, 1819 (American Medical Recorder) ; 1822 and 1831 {American Journal of Medical Sciences). Oi Charles County, Md. See list of 1848. Wegefarth, Arthur. 1892. Born at Meadville, Pa., July 9, 1870. Removed to Baltimore, 1880 ; educated at Baltimore City College ; Dispensary Druggist, Baltimore Medical College, 1888-89; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 1890; Vaccine Physician, 1892-98; 614 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Attending Physician, North East Dispensary, 1892-99. 1207 East Monument Street, Baltimore. *Wegner, August Wilhelm. 1829. Not an M.D. Of Baltimore. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *Weisel, Samuel. 1833. Born at Williamsport, Md., May 16, 1810. Educated at Hagerstown Academy; pupil of Dr. M. A. Finley; M.D., University of Maryland, 1832 ; practiced forty years at Wil- liamsport, Md. Died at Williamsport, January 26, 1872. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Welch, Eberle Geddings. 1891. Born near Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Md., March i, 1850. M.D., Washington University, Balti- more, 1873 ; Attending Physician, Home for the Aged, M. E. Church, Baltimore. 607 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Welch, William Henry. 1886. Born at Norfolk, Conn., April 8, 1850. A.B., Yale Univers-ity, 1870; M.D., Columbia University (College of Physicians and Surgeons), New York, 1875; M.D. (Honorary), University of Pennsylvania, 1894; LL.D., Western Reserve University, 1894, Yale University, 1896, and Harvard Uni- versity, 1900; tutor in Greek at Yale; Professor of Pathological Anatomy and General Pathology, Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege, 1879-84; Professor of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 1884 — ; Pathologist to Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1889 — ; Dean of the Medical Faculty, Johns Hopkins University, 1889-98 ; President of Board of Directors of Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research ; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1891-92; Orator,' 1887 and 1891 ; President, Maryland Public Health Association, 1897-98; "Huxley Lecturer," 1902; important work in Pathology, including contributions to "Flint's Practice," "Pepper's System," "Allbutt's System," "Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports," etc. ; Editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine. 935 St. Paul Street. Wells, Charles Augustus. 1899. Born in Prince George County, Md., November 3, 1840. Educated at Bladensburg Academy; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1862 ; President, Prince George County Medi- cal Society, 1899; Physician to Reform School of District of Colum- bia for twenty-two years. Of Hyattsville, Md. *Wells, John. Founder. 1799. Moved to Baltimore in 1802 (Q.). Of Queen Anne's County, Md. 615 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Wells, John B. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Of Annapolis. Librarian's book. (It is there said that he resided at Baltimore; that he joined after 1844, and was in the U. S. A.) *Welsh, John. 1817. Born in Pennsylvania. M.D., Jefferson, 1828. Of Baltimore. In list of 1848 marked dead. (Quinan has the death of a J. W., 1822, set. 47.) Welsh, Lilian. 1895. Born at Columbia, Pa. M.D., Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, 1889; Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, Woman's College of Baltimore; Attending Physician, Evening Dis- pensary for Working Women and Girls. 1320 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Wenschoff, Edward William Charles. 1832. Of Baltimore. See Archives and list of 1848. *West, George Washington. 1825 (?). Born in Maryland, March 14, 1803. M.D., University of Maryland, 1825. Died at Petersville, Frederick County, Md., August 18, 1888. West, Levin. 1899. Born near Petersville, Frederick County, Aid., July 26, 1864. Pupil of Dr. G. W. West ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; Surgeon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Brunswick, Md. Westbrook, Horace Young. 1899. Born in New Jersey. Attended College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, and Baltimore Uni- versity; M.D., Baltimore University, 1890; Associate Professor of Diseases of Children, Baltimore University, 1897 — . 22)'7 Gorsuch Avenue, Baltimore. *Wetherall, George H. 1826. Born in 1802. Pupil of Dr. S. Baker, 1823 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1826 ; practiced several years in different sections of the country, then settled at Baltimore; Phy- sician to Baltimore General Dispensary, 1836-39. Died at Balti- more, March 6, 1840. See list of 1848. Wethered, John D. 1827. M.D., University of Maryland, 1826; was present at annual convention of 1834. Of Maryland. See list of 1848. *Wheeler, Hezekiah. i8og. In list of 1848 marked dead. 616 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Whitaker, James S. 1898. M.D., Jefferson, 1879. Of Cherry Hill, Cecil County, Md. Whitaker, Samuel A. 1833- M.D., University o£ Pennsylvania, 1833- Of Pennsylvania. *White Alward McKeel. 1830. Born at Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., September 29, 1807; son of Rev. A. M. White, of the M. E. Church. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829 ; practiced for forty years in Talbot County (in the Archives he is credited to Greensboro, Caroline County). Died at Miles River Neck, Tal- bot County, Md., 1884. *White, Edward. Founder. 1799. Born March 30, I755, probably at the family seat in Caroline County; son of John and Elizabeth Driver White. M.B. (his granddaughter states that he graduated at the Medical College of Philadelphia, at 21, but his name is not in the Catalogue) ; at the opening of the Revolution, a number of the medi- cal students in the Philadelphia College joined a company and fought in the Continental Army. His grandson, Mr. J. McKenny White, of Baltimore, says he equipped a company at his own expense and took it to Trenton. He lived and died at Cambridge, and prac- ticed in Dorchester, Talbot, and Caroline Counties. His grand- daughter. Miss Henrietta Le Compte, has given to the Faculty an oil portrait of him painted by a celebrated Swiss artist the year before the Doctor's death, when he was seventy. He was married three times, his last wife being Miss Brown, of Kent (iSoo). After a violent illness in early life, he became a Methodist, and was ever afterwards a pillar of that Church. He was a very benev- olent man, giving much unostentatiously. Died March 23, 1826, of dropsy. *White, Edward Hiram. 1853. Born in Somerset County, Md., Octo- ber 20, 1820; son of Henry White. Educated at Washington Aca- demy,' Somerset County, and at Jefferson College, Pa.; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1841 ; practiced some years in Somerset County and after that up to the period of his death at Baltimore ; Attending Physician to City Almshouse, i8S3-55 ; retired, Died at Baltimore, June 3, 1897. See Trans., 1853-59- I»Q2. *White, Gideon, Jr. 1824. Surgeon's Mate, U. S. N., December 10, 1814; Assistant Surgeon, May 2, 1825; dismissed, January 12, 1832. See Treasurer's MS. book and list of 1848. 617 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *White, John Campbell. i8oi (?). Born at Belfast, Ireland; son of Rev. Robert V/hite, a Presbyterian minister. Emigrated to Balti- more in 1798, owing to the political troubles the previous year; educated at Middlesex Hospital, London ; said to have founded the Hibernian Society of Baltimore, 1803 ; Consulting Physician, Bal- timore Plospital, 1812; Trustee, Baltimore College, 1830 (Q.j. See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. '' / ?pj-^ White, Joseph Augustus. 1877. Born at Baltimore, April 19, 1848. A.B., St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md., 1867; A.M., St. Mary's College, 1869; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1869; took one course each at Ecole de Medecine, Paris, and the Universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg, completing his studies at the University of Berlin; began practice at Baltimore in 1872; Vaccine Physician, 1873: removed to Richmond, Va., 1879; Pro- fessor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Washington University, Bal- timore, 1872-77; Professor of Ophthalmology, etc.. University Col- lege of Medicine, Richmond ; Founder in 1880, and Senior Surgeon, Richmond Eye, Ear, Throat and Nose Infirmary; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Virginia Hospital ; President, Richmond Medical and Surgical Society; President, Virginia Sons of the American Revo- lution; contributor to^ "Burnett's System," 1893, and inventor of several instruments in his specialty. White, Stephen N. C. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1821 ; Vice- President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1858-59. Of Montgom- ery County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853, and Trans., 1857. *White, Stephen B. 1828. Born in Massachusetts. M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Died in Calvert County, Md., 1830. In list of 1848 marked dead. White, Walter Walton. 1872 (?). Born at Oxford, England, June 5, 1843. Emigrated to Baltimore in 1852 ; graduated from the State Normal School of Maryland, 1867; attended the Maryland College of Pharmacy; one course at Washington University, Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; Vaccine Physician, 1872; Phy- sician, University Dispensary, 1871-73 ; Physician, Eastern Dispen- sary, 1871-80'; Physician to- Kelso Orphan Asylum, 1880-88; Assist- ant Surgeon (Ear Department), Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital for five years ; Physician to Baltimore City Jail, 1887-90 ; Physician to Maryland Penitentiary, 1890-92. iioi North Broad- way, Baltimore. 618 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Whiteford, Hugh. 1802. (Federal Gasette, June 25.) M.D., Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, 1802; Surgeon, War of 1812; practiced in northern part of Harford County. Died November, 1814. See list of 1848. *Whiteford, Hugh Clay. 1881. Born in Harford County, 1846; son of Hugh C. Whiteford. Educated at the Classical Institute of Colum- bia, Pa.; pupil of Dr. John K. Lineaweaver, of Columbia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1868; after graduating, located at Dar- lington, Harford County, Md., where he practiced until his death, November 12, 1892. *Whiteford, James K 1893. Born in Harford County, Md., June 24, 1848. Educated at the Military School of Columbia, Pa., and Bryant and Stratton's Business College, Baltimore; salesman for eight years; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1877; Vaccine Physician four years; Medical Examiner, Knights of the Golden Eagle ; Past Supreme Chief, Knights of the Golden Eagle, 1897-98. Died at Baltimore, December 20, 1898. *Whiteford, William D. 1833-34. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829. See list of 1848. Whitehead, Alfred. 1892. Born at London, England, September 10, 1849. Educated at King Edward VL's Grammar School, Birming- ham; pupil of Prof. Alexander Fleming; graduated from Queen's College, Birmingham, 1871; M.R.C.S., England; Resident Assistant Surgeon, Queen's Hospital, 1871 ; Resident Medical Officer, Bir- mingham and Midland Counties Free Hospital for Children, 1872- 72,; Surgeon, Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company, 1873-78; came to Baltimore, 1882; Professor of Diseases of Children, Balti- more University, 1884-89 ; Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Sur- gery, 1889-94. 1121 East Baltimore Street, Baltimore. Whiteley, Benjamin. 1897. Born at Frederica, Del, September 11, 1844; son of Dr. Albert Whiteley, and grandson of Dr. Wm. G. Whiteley. Graduated at Friends' Central High School, Philadel- phia ; M.D., Jefferson, 1867 ; Ph.G., Pharmaceutical Society of Dela- ware, 1883; Colonel on staff of Gov. John W. Hall and Quarter- master-General of Delaware ; resides at Catonsville, Md. *Whiteley, William Stevens. Born at Whiteleysburg, Caroline County, Md., February 14, 1774. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 619 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1796 (name not in Catalogue) ; practiced in Caroline County nearly sixty years. Died at Baltimore, 1859. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Whitney, Edward L. 1896. Born at Chatham Centre, O., Novem- ber 8, 1870. Educated at Oberlin College ; M.D., Baltimore Medical College, 189s; studied at University of Berlin, 1898; Assistant Resi- dent Physician, Maryland General Hospital, 1895-96; Demonstrator of Physiology and Clinical Pathology, Baltimore Medical College, 1896-98; Associate Professor of Physiological Chemistry, 1899 — ; author of "A Laboratory Manual of Clinical Pathology;" resides at Maryland General Hospital, Baltimore. Whitridge, Andrew Henderson. 1899. Born at Baltimore, April 7, 1871. S.B., Harvard, 1894; M.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1898; Resident Physician, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1898-99. 1029 Cathe- dral Street, Baltimore. *Whitridge, John. 1821. Born at Tiverton, R. I., March 23, 1793. Graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., 1812, taking A.M. ; M.D., Harvard University, 1819; settled at Baltimore, 1820; practiced medicine there fifty-three years. Died at Tiverton, July 23, 1878. Whitridge, William. About 1872. Born at Baltimore, 1840. A.M., University of Maryland (School of Letters), 1859; M.D., University of Maryland, 1862. 829 North Charles Street, Baltimore. *Whittaker, James T. Honorary. 1894. Born in Kentucky (?), March 3, 1843. A.B., Miami University, Ohio, 1863 ; A.M., Miami University, Ohio, 1868 ; served as private in the United States Army, 1863 ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1865 ; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1866; M.D., Medical College of Ohio, 1867; Resident Physician, Cincinnati City Hospital, 1867; Lecturer on Pathology, 1870, in the Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati ; Lecturer on Clini- cal Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, 1875 ; Professor of Physiology, Medical College of Ohio, 1870-80 ; Professor of The- ory and Practice, Medical College of Ohio, 1880-1900; twice visited Europe for study and had the personal instruction of Dr. Koch ; on the staffs of the Cincinnati and Good Samaritan Hospitals ; Presi- dent, Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, 1887; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1894. Died of recurrent intestinal carcinoma, at Cincinnati, June 5, 1900. *Whittaker, Josias D. 1829. M.D., University of Maryland, 1824. Died at Baltimore, 1876. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 620 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *Whittingham, Edward Thomas. 1853. Born at New York, April 22, 1831; son of Right Reverend W. R. Whittingham, P. E. Bishop of Maryland. A.B., College of St. James, Hagerstown, Md., 1849; M.D., University of Maryland, 1852; settled at Baltimore, but removed to Milburn in 1854 ; Assistant Surgeon, and Surgeon, U. S. A., 1861-63 ; resigned, 1863, and returned to New Jersey, and practiced at Milburn. Died there October 26, 1886. *Whittington, S. B. Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., July 7, 1812; last appearance on records of Navy Department, 1815, Sloop "Ontario" (Hammersley). See list of 1848. WiEGAND, William Edward. 1879. Born at Baltimore, April 25, 1853. Educated at University of Maryland (School of Letters and Philo- sophy), and Virginia Military Institute; graduated from Bryant, Stratton and Sadler's Business College, 1871 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1876. loii Madison Avenue, Baltimore. *WiESENTHAL, Thomas Van Dyke. 1824. Bom at Chestertown, Md., 1790; son of Andrew Wiesenthal. Attended lectures. University of Pennsylvania, i8ii; M.D. ; Surgeon-Major, U. S. A., Sixth In- fantry, July 16, 1813; appointed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., Decem- ber 10, 1814; withdrew from the service, 1829 (Hammersley). Died ■it Portsmouth, Va., March 21, 1833. See Treasurer's MS. book. Wiley, W. W. 1899. Born near Cecilton, Cecil County, Md., July 20, 1849. Educated at Charlotte Hall, St. Mary's County, Md.; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; Member of State Examining Board since its organization, January, 1892. Of Cumberland, Md. Wiley, Zephaniah K. 1891. Born in North Carolina, November 7, 1843 ; reared in Mississippi. A.B., University of Mississippi ; Assist- ant Surgeon, C. S. A. ; settled in Texas after the War ; Clerk of the Court of Williamson County, Tex. ; attended medical lectures at St. Louis; came to Baltimore in 1872; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1874; Physician to Maternite, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Lecturer on Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College; Professor of Anatom}^, Baltimore University, 1884; later, Professor of Obstetrics, Baltimore University; Dean, Baltimore University. 724 North Carey Street, Baltimore. *Wilhelm, James T. About 1872. Born at Leonardtown, Md., 1839. Lieutenant, C. S. A., First Maryland Regiment ; M.D. ; Vaccine Physician, 1872-73. Died at Baltimore, December 26, 1882. See Trans., 1873. 621 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY WiLKiNS, George Lawson. 1892. Born at Portsmouth, Va., Decem- ber 15, 1849. M.D., University of Maryland, 1870; Vaccine Physi- cian, 1872-75 ; Coroner, Eastern District, 1880-83 ; Physician, City Jail; Grand Medical Examiner, A. O. U. W. 6 North Broadway, Baltimore. *WiLKiNS, Henry. Born at Annapolis, Md., 1767; son of Joseph Wil- kins. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1793; Lecturer on Botany, University of Maryland, 1813-18; Treasurer, Medical and Chirurgi- cal Faculty of Maryland, 1803-07; Trustee, University of Maryland, 1826-39; Surgeon-Major, Thirty-ninth Regiment of Maryland Mili- tia, 1810; author of "The Family Adviser," first edition, 1793; second edition, i2mo, Philadelphia, 1795; fourth edition, i6mo. New York, 1804; author of "Methodical Nosology" (translated from Cullen), 8vo, Philadelphia, 1793. Died in Baltimore County, Md., 1847. *WiLKiNS, Joseph. 1853. Born at Baltimore, September 21, 1823 ; son of Joseph Wilkins. Graduated at Newark College, Delaware; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Maryland, 1847; studied at Paris, two and a half years ; Chief of Clinique of Desmarres, Eye and Ear; Recording Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1855-56; abandoned medicine and devoted himself to mining inter- ests in North Carolina. Died at Baltimore, February 5, 1902. See lists of 1853 and 1873. *WiLKiNS0N, Joseph. M.D'. ; never practiced. Of Calvert County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. Williams, Arthur. 1897. Born at South River, Anne Arundel County, Md., July 7, 1853. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1879; Sur- geon, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Medical Examiner of New York Mutual and other Life Insurance Societies. Of Elkridge, Md. Williams, Edmond Jones. 1885. Born in Cumberland County, N. C, August 16, 1841. Educated at Donalson Academy, Fayetteville, N. C. ; First Lieutenant, C. S. A. ; one course at Charleston Medical College; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1868; Assistant Superintendent, House of Refuge, Baltimore, five years ; Vaccine Physician. 11 14 South Chesapeake Street, Baltimore. Williams, Elijah. 1894. Born at Armiger, Anne Arundel County, Md., September 26, 1847. Educated at West River Classical Insti- tute ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1869 ; County Treasurer, Anne Arundel County, 1894-98; State Senator, 1899; resides at Armi- ger, Md. 622 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *WiLLiAMS, Isaac. 1824. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1820. Of Virginia. See list of 1848. Williams, John F. 1830. Licentiate Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. Of Salisbury, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853- Williams, John M. 1884. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1854 ("N. C"). Of Lonaconing. See Polk, 1886 (last notice in Polk's Directory). Williams, John Whitridge. 1888. Born at Baltimore, January 26, 1865. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1886; M.D. and Examina- tion Medalist, University of Maryland, 1888; Assistant in Gynae- cology, Johns Hopkins University, 1889-93 ; Associate in Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 1893-96; Associate Professor of Obstet- rics, Johns Hopkins University, 1896-99; Professor of Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, 1899 — ; Gynsecologist, Union Protestant Infirmary, 1895-97; organized the Obstetrical Department of the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital. 11 28 Cathedral Street, Baltimore. *WiLLiAMS, Philip C. Born near Winchester, Va., August 15, 1828. Educated at Winchester Academy; attended lectures at the Uni- versity of Maryland; M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1850; in Europe, 1851-53; Attending Physician, Baltimore General Dispen- sary, 1854-57; Physician, Baltimore County Almshouse, 1857-60; President, Baltimore Medical Association, 1867-68; a Founder, and President, Clinical Society of Maryland, 1873-75 ; Vice-Presi- dent, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1876-77; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1872-73; President, Pathological Society of Baltimore, 1873-74. Died at Baltimore, November 21, 1896. Williams, Thomas H. 1892. Born in Dorchester County, Md., July 13, 1829. Educated at Washington Academy, Princess Anne, Som- erset County, Md. ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1848; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., March 2, 1849 ; Medical Director, Army of Utah, under Gen. Albert Sydney Johnston, 1857-58; resigned, June i, 1861 ; Surgeon, C. S. A., 1861-65; Medical Director, Army of Northern Virginia; Medical Director and Inspector of Hospitals in Virginia; Assistant Surgeon-General, 1863-65 ; returned to Maryland and has been practicing in Cambridge ever since ; on the Staff of the United Charities Hospital, Cambridge, Md., 1898 — . Williams, Thomas M. 1832. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1832. Of Montgomery County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. 40 623 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ^Williams, William. B.A., St. John's College, between 1811 and 1822; M.D., University of Maryland, 1823. Of Calvert County, Md. Died somewhere about 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *WiLLiAMS, William Perkins, 1826. M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1822; Delegate to American Medical Association, 1847. Of Anamesex, Somerset County, Md. ; removed to Louisiana and died there. See list of *WiLLiAMS0N, George.' 1801 (?). Born in Virginia (Q.). Resided at Baltimore in 1805 ; Honorary Member of the Medical Society of Baltimore; author of "Observations on Anomalous and Irregular Diseases," letter to Philadelphia Medical Museum, 1808 ; Member of the City Council, 1821 ; edited "The Principles of Health," by EtienneTourtelle, 2 vols., 8vo, Baltimore, 1819 (Trans.). See lists of 1807 and 1848; marked dead in the latter. Marked dead in Dr. Fonerden's corrected list of 1837. Willing, James Elerick. 1892. Born on the Eastern Shore of Mary- land, August 9, 1866. M.D., University of Maryland, 1890; Post- graduate Course in Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital ; Demon- strator of Anatomy, Baltimore University. 871 Harlem Avenue, Baltimore. *WiLLES, William. 1822. Born in 1800 (Q.). M.D., University of Maryland, 1818; Clerk of Circuit Court, Carroll County. Died in Carroll County, Md., 1841 (Q.). In list of 1848 marked dead. *Wills, Francis Reed. 1828. Born at Port Tobacco, Charles County, Md., April 25, 1803 ; son of John B. Wills. Educated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md. ; pupil of Drs. Johnson and Pla- ter ; later, of Dr. Thomas H. Wright, of Baltimore ; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1828; at Baltimore Almshouse one year; then settled in practice at Port Deposit, where he continued to practice until his retirement; married first, Catherine Fowke, second, Olivia Hughes. Died June 22, 1872. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. *Wills, Samuel E. 1880. Born in New Jersey, 1823 ; moved to Vir- ginia. M.D., Jefferson, 1844; located in practice near Manchester, Chesterfield County, Va. ; practiced there for three years ; moved to Cecilton, Md., 1847; subsequently resided at Earlville, Cecil County ; largely interested in agricultural pursuits ; Registrar of St. Stephen's P. E. Church ; practiced until his death. Died July, 1886. 624 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *WiLLSON, Otho. i8i2. Ccnsor, Montgomery County, 1830. M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1834; Censor, 1819 and 1840. Of Rockville, Montgomery County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *WiLLS0Nj Thomas. Born at "Greenwood," Queen Anne's County, Md., September 28, 1778; son of Dr. Thomas Bennet Willson, who took M.D. at the University of Edinburgh. Educated at Long Branch School; pupil of Dr. James M. Anderson, of Cambridge, Md. ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania ; began practice near Queenstown, Md., but removed to Trumpington, Kent County; practiced only a few years as he had inherited many farms and wished to be free to manage his large estate. Died July, 1859. *VViLLSON, William Greenbury Goldsborough. 1849. Born at Easton, Md., November 26, 1818. Educated at Easton Academy ; M.D., Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, 1838 ; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., Decem- ber 9, 1839; resigned, September 8, 1843 (Hammersley) ; resided for a while at Baltimore. Died at "Evergreen," near Easton, Octo- ber 21, 1894. WiLMER, Simon. See list of 1848. Wilson, Henry Merryman. 1853. Born at Baltimore, February 2, 1829. A. B., Dickinson, 1848; A.M., Dickinson, 1851 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1850; Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1859- Ti; Vice-President, 1873-74; President, 1874-75; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1886-87; Physician to Aged Men's and Aged Women's Homes. 1008 Madison Avenue, Balti- more. *WiLS0N, Henry Parke Custis. 1853. Born at Workington, Somer- set County, Md., March 5, 1827. A.B., Princeton College, 1848; M.D., University of Maryland, 185 1 ; Physician to Baltimore Alms- house; Gynaecologist, Union Protestant Infirmary; President, Balti- more Academy of Medicine, 1880-81 ; Assistant Secretary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; Vice-President, 1879-80; President, 1880- 81 ; President, Alumni Association, University of Maryland, 1891- 92; President, American Gj-nsecological Society. Died at Balti- more, December 27, 1897. *WiLS0N, Horace. Censor, Montgomery County, Md., 1840. Died at Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Md., October 5, 1848. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. 625 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *WiLSON, Isaac. 1819. M.D. See list of 1848. (There is a "Wilson, Isaac M., S. C, 1810," Catalogue of the University of Pennsyl- vania.) WiLSON_, Jacob Jones. 1890. Born in Allegany County, Md., Septem- ber 15, 1848; son of James Wilson. Educated at Normal School; pupil of Dr. Wm. H. McCormick; M.D., Washington University, 1871 ; has practiced at Cumberland ever since; U. S. Pension Sur- geon, 1872-81; President of staff of Western Maryland Hospital; Member City Council (two years) ; President of Association of Physicians and Surgeons, Cumberland, Md. *WiLS0N, James. iSio. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1810. Of Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md. In list of 1848 marked dead. (James S. Wilson, Md., took M.D. at Washington University, Baltimore, 1841.) Wilson, Lot Ridgely. 1892. Born at Baltimore, June 9, 1858; son of John W. Wilson. Graduated at Milton Academy, Baltimore County, 1876; M.D., University of Maryland, 1880. 1735 Hollins Street, Baltimore. Wilson, Robert Taylor. 1881. Born at Baltimore, June 16, i860. Educated at the Episcopal High School and the University of Vir- ginia; M.D., University of Maryland, 1881 ; studied in Europe, 1882 and 1889; Gynaecologist, Union Protestant Infirmary and Home for Incurables ; Physician to St. Vincent's Hospital ; Consulting Phy- sician, Hospital for Consumptives ; Medical Examiner, Manhattan Life Insurance Company of New York; Surgeon of the Hospital for the Women of Maryland, 1898 — ; Assistant Recording Secre- tary, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty ; President, Hospital Relief Association of Maryland, 1897 — . 820 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Wilson, S. Kennedy. 1899. Born at Boonsboro, Md., March 29, 1859. Educated at Boonsboro High School ; M.D., University of Mary- land, 1879; practiced at Boonsboro fourteen years and for the last five years at Tilghman, Md. *WiLS0N, William M. B. 1822. M.D., University of Maryland, 1821 ; gave up medicine for business. Of Frederick City, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. Wiltshire, James Gerard. 1879. Born in Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), September 2$, 1843. In the drug business, 1859-61; in C. S. A., 1861-65; Lieutenant, Mosby's Battalion; studied medi- . 626 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cine at the Universities of Virginia and Maryland; M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1869; practiced in West Virginia and at Funks- town, Md. ; moved to Baltimore, 1873; Demonstrator of Anatomy, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1874-81; Lecturer on Anatomy, Baltimore Medical College, 1893-98; Lecturer on Operative Surgery, 1898 — ; Physician to Baltimore Orphan Asylum, Baptist Orphanage and Christian Home; Coroner. 819 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore. *WiNDER, Thomas Jones. 1801 (?). Surgeon U. S. N., September 24, 1799; resigned, date unknown (Hammersley). See lists of 1807 and 1848. Windsor, Samuel J. 1892. Born at Dames Quarter, Md., September 15, 1863. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, Md., 1882; A.M., Washington College, Chestertown, Md., 1894; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1886. Of Dames Quarter, Md. WiNGATE, William L. 1850. M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; Certificate of Examining Board of Eastern Shore (Archives). Of Dorchester County, Md. WiNSEY, Whitfield. 1882. Born at Baltimore, September, 1842. Attended private schools ; pupil of Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar, 1867 ; M.D., Harvard, 1871 ; began practice at Baltimore, 1872 ; the iirst colored man elected to membership in the Faculty; elected member of the Clinical Society of Maryland, 1883 ; Delegate to the International Medical Congress at Washington; author of several papers before the above societies; on the staff of the Provident Hospital. 1220 East Fayette Street, Baltimore. *WiNSL0W, Caleb. Born in Perquimans County, N. C, January 24, 1824; son of Nathan Winslow. Graduated at Haverford College, Pa. ; engaged in teaching and surveying ; M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, 1849; acquired a large surgical practice; he performed the operation of lithotomy ninety-nine times with but one death; also successfully trephined the skull in a case of epilepsy; he was a member of the first Board of Medical Examiners of North Caro- lina, 1859; after practicing at Hertford, N. C, some years, removed to Baltimore, 1866. Died at Baltimore, June 13, 1895. I Winslow, John Randolph. 1888. Born at Baltimore, June 10, 1866; son of Dr. Caleb Winslow. A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1886 ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1888; Assistant Demonstrator of 627 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Anatomy, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1888-89; Lecturer on Chemistry, 1888-90; Professor of Physiology, Woman's Medical College, Baltimore, 1890-93 ; Professor of Physiology, and Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Throat and Nose, Woman's Medical College, 1893-94; Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Throat and Nose, Woman's Medical College, 1894-96; Chief of the Clinic of Diseases of the Throat and Nose, University of Maryland; Throat Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. 924 McCul- loh Street, Baltimore. WiNSLOW, Randolph. 1876. Born at Hertford, N. C, October 23, 1852; son of Dr. Caleb Winslow. A.B., Haverford College, 1871; A.M., Haverford, 1874; M.D., University of Maryland, 1873 ; Lecturer in the Spring Course, 1877 ! Demonstrator of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1880-86; Professor of Sur- gery, Woman's Medical College, of Baltimore, 1882-93 ; Dean, Woman's Medical College, 1890-92 ; Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery, University of Maryland, 1891-1902; Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland, 1902 — ; Professor of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Baltimore Polyclinic, 1884; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, 1896-97 ; work in General Surgery. 1900 Mount Royal Terrace, Baltimore. WiNTERNiTZ, L. Charles. 1874. Born in Bohemia, Austria, January 18, 1843 ; son of Matthew Winternitz. Educated in literature at the University of Prague ; M.D., University of Vienna, 1865 ; Resident Physician, Hebrew Hospital, Baltimore, for five years from its foundation (1868-73) ; Medical Examiner, Metropolitan Life Insur- ance Company, 1869 — . 25 South Eden Street, Baltimore. WiNTERSON, Charles Ritchie. 1892. Born at West River, Md., August 24, 1847. Educated at Dickinson College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1871 ; has practiced ever since at Elkridge, Anne Arun- del County, Md. *WiNWOOD, B. 1820. M.D., University of Maryland, 1820. Of Dayton, O. See list of 1848. Wise Edward Martin. 1879. Born at Baltimore, May 9, 1858. Edu- cated at Steuart Hall Academy, Baltimore ; M.D., University of Maryland, 1878. 706 North Howard Street, Baltimore. Wiss, Edward. 1850. Born in Europe. M.D. ("A regular graduate of European medical school and sustained a satisfactory examina- 628 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tion before your Board" — Report of the Board of Examiners of the Western Shore, June i, 1850.) See Archives and lists of 1853 and 1873. *WissLEE, Charles H. 1892. Born at Baltimore, November 4, 1863 son of Emil Wissler. Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1883 M.D., Bahimore Medical College, 1891 ; "Physician and Druggist.' Died at Baltimore, April 28, 1894. Wolf, William B. 1898. Born in Germany, May 2, 1869. Educated at Freiburg, Germany; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Bahimore, 1896; Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons ; Assistant in Berlin Poliklinik for Genito- urinary Diseases, 1900; Visiting Physician, Bayview Asylum; prac- tice limited to Genito-urinary Diseases and Diseases of the Skin. 13 West Fi-anklin Street, Baltimore. *WoLFF, Frederick. i8oi(?). M.D. Of Baltimore, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *WooD, Gerard. Founder. 1799. Surgeon's Mate in the Revolution, Smallwood's Brigade, under Dr. John Parnham; served one and a half years, to 1783; Member of the Society of Cincinnati (McSherry's "History of Maryland") ; resided at Allen's Fresh, Charles County, Md. See lists of 1807, 1848 and i8S3- Wood, Peter Bryson. 1893. Born at Erie, Pa., February 22, 1859; son of Dr. W. M. Wood. Came to Maryland, 1866; educated at St. John's College; pupil of his father one year, and preliminary Medical Course, Johns Hopkins University, 1879-81 ; M.D., Colum- bian University, Washington, D. C, 1883; practiced at Wash- ington; Civil Assistant, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, 1881-83; Assistant to Dr. A. P. Smith, of Baltimore, 1883; Police Surgeon, Baltimore, 1888-97; City Railroad Surgeon, 1886-98; Assistant in Genito-urinary Department, Johns Hopkins University, 1891-95. 1208 Mount Royal Avenue, Baltimore. *WooD, William Maxwell. 1833. Born in Maryland, May 21, 1809; son of John Wood of Scotland. M.D., University of Maryland, 1829; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N., 1829; Surgeon, 1838; Fleet Surgeon, 1856-58, 1861-65; President, Examining Board, 1868; Sur- geon-General, 1869-71 ; retired, 1871 ; resided at Baltimore and was a regular reader at the Library, 1833-48 (Librarian's book). Died at Owings' Mills, ]\Id., March i, 1880. See list of 1848. 629 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Woods, Hiram, Jr. 1888. Born at Baltimore, November 11, 1857. A.B., Princeton College, 1879; M.D., University of Maryland, 1882; Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, Woman's Medical Col- lege, Baltimore, 1888-95 ; Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, University of Maryland, 1895 — ; Surgeon, Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. 842 Park Avenue, Baltimore. Woodward, James S. 1898. Born at Washington, D. C, July 25, 1855. Educated at Gonzaga College, Washington, and Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. ; M.D., Columbian University, Washington, 1880 ; in the Government Service among the Indians for seven and a half years; settled at Sparrows Point, Baltimore County, 1887; Assist- ant and Resident Surgeon and Physician, Maryland Steel Company; resides at Sparrows Point. *Woodward, Joseph Janvier. Honorary. 1879. Born at Philadel- phia, 1834. A.B., Philadelphia Central High School, 1850; A.M., Philadelphia Central High School, 1855 ; M.D., University of Penn- sylvania, 1853 ; practiced in Pennsylvania ; Assistant Surgeon U. S. A. ; later, Surgeon ; and still later, Surgeon-General ; Vice- President, American Medical Association, 1875 ; attended President Garfield ; edited "Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion," 4 vols., 4to. Died at Washington, D. C, August 18, 1884. *Woodworth, John Maynard. Honorary. 1879. Born at Big Flats, Chemung County, N. Y., August 15, 1837. Educated at the Uni- versity of Chicago; studied Pharmacy; M.D., Chicago Medical Col- lege, 1862 ; in 1865 studied in hospitals of Berlin and Vienna ; settled at Chicago, 1866; a Founder of the American Public Health Association, 1872; President of the Alumni Association, Chicago Medical College, 1870; Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1862-63; Sur- geon, 1863 ; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Chicago Medical College, 1866; Surgeon, Soldiers' Home, and Sanitary Inspector, Chicago Board of Health, 1868 ; Supervising Surgeon-General, Marine Hos- pital Service, 1871-79; Editor, Bulletin of Public Health; author, "Annual Reports of the Marine Hospital Service." Died at Wash- ington, D. C, March 14, 1879. See Trans., 1879. *WooLFORD, John. Founder. 1799. Born in Somerset County, Md., 1760. Censor, 1840. "A man of stei'ling worth and great influence" (Toner). Died near Princess Anne, Somerset County, Md., Novem- ber IS, 1836. (Ex-Gov. Robert E. Pattison, of Pennsylvania, his great-nephew, says he was brother of Col. Thomas Woolford, of the Maryland Line in the Revolution, and died unmarried.) ; 630 NATHAN R. SMITH 1 797- 1 877. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *WooLFORD, Thomas. M.D., University of Maryland, 1816. Of Marsh Creek, Dorchester County, Md. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *WooTTON, John. 1801. Born in Montgomery County, Md., Sep- tember 12, 1782; son of Richard Wootton and brother of Turner Wootton. Pupil of Dr. Rush ; attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania; Prof. N. Potter speaks of a "Mr. Wooton" at the University of Pennsylvania in 1801 ; practiced at Rockville, Mont- gomery County, all his life; wrote extensively for the medical jour- nals. Died June 27, 1840. See Trans., 1856 and lists of 1807, 1848 and 1853. *WooTTON, Richard. 1831-32. Born in Montgomery County, Md., April 23, 1807; son of Dr. John Wootton. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 183 1 ; moved to Mississippi, 1835 (soon after mar- riage), and practiced there until his death, June 20, 1840. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *WooTTON, Turner. Born near Rockville, Md., February 14, 1797; son of Richard Wootton. Educated at Rockville Academy ; student of Dr. Potter; M.D., University of Maryland, 1819; settled in prac- tice in Queen Anne's County, Md., later moving to Prince George County ; Member of the Maryland Legislature for two years ; his health failing, he returned to Rockville, where he practiced until his death, September 18, 1855. See lists of 1848 and 1853. *WooTTON, William Turner. 1892. Born in Montgomery County, Md., November 21, 1822; son of Dr. John Wootton. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1846; practiced at Clarksburg, Montgomery County, until 1850, when he moved to Frederick, Md. ; never married. Died at Frederick, September 14, 1896. *WoRRELL, Edward. Founder. 1799. Born near Chestertown, Kent County, Md., April 3, 1763; son of William Worrell, of "Fairy Meadows." Educated at the Free School, Chestertown; medical student of Dr. Bordley; attended lectures at Philadelphia; com- menced practice at Chestertown, 1784; in 1796, by the death of his brother, he inherited the paternal estate near Chestertown, and re- moved thither. "Of commanding appearance, six feet in height and inclined to obesity, handsome face, courteous, affable and dig- nified bearing; a great reader, and though engaged in a large practice, he kept up with the progress of medical science and general literature. He was passionately fond of agriculture and combined the two pursuits. He was regarded as superior to most of his com- 631 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY peers." He trained several eminent physicians — P. Wroth, M. Brown, Henry Page, John Groome and others. Died Octoljer i8, 1804. (Wroth, Trans., 1873.) *WoRRELL, Edward H. 1815. Born in Kent County, Md. Surgeon's Mate, Twenty-seventh Regiment, Maryland Militia, 1814; M.D., University of Maryland, 1815. Died in Kent County, Md. *WoRT, A. M. 1821. In list of 1848 marked dead. *WoRTHiNGTON, Charles. Founder. 1799. Born at "Summer Hill," near Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Md., October 9, 1759. Pupil of Dr. James Murray, of Annapolis; M.B., University of Pennsyl- vania, 1782; settled at Georgetown, 1783; Surgeon to four barges, "Maryland Flotilla;" captured by Nally in the Chesapeake Bay, 1782; Incorporator and President, Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1817-29. He was the leading physician of George- town. Died at Georgetown, D. C, September 10, 1836. *Worthington, Charles G. 1808. Born in Maryland, 1786. Died at Elkridge, Anne Arundel County, Md., October 27, 1840. See Med- ical and Physical Recorder and list of 1848. *Worthington, James Chater (or Chester). 1854. Born in Mary- land. M.D., University of Maryland, 1848. Died in Ohio. See Treasurer's Book. *WoRTHiNGTON, JoHN. 1801 (?). Born in 1738. Health Officer of Balti- more, 1793. Died April, 1814 (inlscription on tomb, St. Paul's Graveyard). See list of 1807. WoRTHiNGTON, JosEPH MusE. 1898. Born at "Belvoir," on the Severn River, Anne Arundel County, Md., December i6, 1846. Educated at the School of Letters and Science, University of Maryland, and in the Maryland Agricultural College ; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1868; pupil of Dr. N. R. Smith; M.D., University of Mar}rland, 1872; in 1873, suggested general bovine vaccination, and, in 1877, suggested Contagious and Infectious Disease Act for the Public Schools; Health Officer of Anne Arundel County, and Phy- sician to the County Jail, 1892-1900; in 1872, invented anaesthesia table, and in 1876, a prescription counter; practices at Annapolis, Maryland. *WoRTHiNGTON, Samuel B. i8iS. See Treasurer's book, MS. Archives, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. 632 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *WoRTHiNGTON, Thomas. Father of Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, of Philadelphia, later, of Baltimore County. M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1808; settled at once to practice in Harford County, at Glenville, Deer Creek; Censor, Harford County, 1826 and 1840; he belonged to the Society of Friends. Died at Glenville, July 4, 1855. See lists of 1848, 1853 and 1873. Worthington, Thomas Chew. 1892. Born in Baltimore County, Md., October 19, 1854. M.D., University of Maryland, 1876; Resident Physician, University Hospital. 1022 Madison Avenue, Baltimore. Wriden, Thomas. See list of 1848. Weight, Reginald N. 1850. Born in Maryland (?). M.D., Jefferson ("Md."), 1844. Of Baltimore. See list of 1853. *Wright, Robert. 1822. Born near Centerville, Md., 1800. Graduated from U. S. Military Academy, West Point, and Lieutenant Artillery, U. S. A. ; disbanded, 1821 ; served in Maryland Legislature one term ; twice married. Died at Centerville, Md., April 30, 1884. See lists of 1848 and i8S3- Wright, T. A. 1892. M.D. (There was a "Thomas A. Wright," at Butler, Pa.— Polk, 1898.) *Wright, Thomas H. 1809. (Examined for license on the Eastern Shore by Dr. E. Martin.) Born at New York (?). Surgeon's Mate, Baltimore Battalion, 1813; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1819; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1823 ; elected Professor of Anatomy, University of Maryland, 1831, but resigned without lecturing; Attending Physician, Balti- more Almshouse, 1829-33 (1829-34— Q-) ; author of "Sketch of Malignant Epidemic Prevailing in Maryland," 8vo, Baltimore, i8i5- Died at Baltimore, 1856. (According to Dr. F. Donaldson, died in 1847.) * Wroth, Peregrine. 1805 (?). Born in Kent County, Md., April 7, 1786. Graduated at Washington College, Chestertown; student of Dr. Edward Worrell, 1803-04, and of Dr. M. Brown, 1804-07; attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania; M.D. (Honorary), University of Maryland, 1841 ; began practice at Ches- tertown. 1807, as partner of Dr. Brown; removed to Baltimore in 1868: Professor of Chemistry, Washington College, Chestertown, 1846-54; later. President of the Board of Visitors; a Founder of 633 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the American Medical Association and the College of Pharmacy, Baltimore; Vice-President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1848- 51, 1853-54, and 1856-57; signs a diploma as President, 1849-50. Died at Baltimore, June 13, 1879. *Weoth, Thomas G. Born in Kent County, Md., 1814. M.D., Univer- sity of Maryland, 1837 ; practiced in Kent County till 1868, then moving to Baltimore and engaging in mercantile business. Died at Baltimore, June, 1888. Wroth, William Jackson. 1852. Born at Chestertown, Md., March 12, 1830. A.B., Washington College, Chestertown, 1849; later, A.M., Washington College, Chestertown ; Founder of "Rush Club ;" M.D., University of Maryland, 1852 ; has practiced at Baltimore ever since until recently; Senior Grand Warden, Grand Lodge Masons, 1863-64; Vaccine Physician, 1861 and 1873; retired from practice. 1729 West North Avenue, Baltimore. WuNDER, Joseph C. 1891. Born at Baltimore, October 18, 1865. M.D., University of Maryland, 1889 ; Chief of Surgical Clinic, Woman's Medical College ; Vaccine Physician, three terms. 1075 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Wylie^ Hamilton Boyd. 1881. Born at Baltimore, May 5, 1855 ; son of Samuel F. Wylie. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 1876; M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1878; Resident Student, Bayview Asylum, 16 months ; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, one year; Assistant in Diseases of the Skin, Johns Hopkins Hospital, six years. 303 Roberts Street, Baltimore. Wyman, Walter. 1882. Born at St. Louis, August 17, 1848. Gradu- ated from the City University, St. Louis, 1866; A.B., Amherst, 1870; later, A.Ad:., Amherst ; M.D., St. Louis Medical College, 1873 ; in the city hospitals, 1873-75 ', Assistant Surgeon, Marine Hospital Service, 1876; Surgeon-General, Marine Hospital Service, 1891 — ; LL.D., Western University of Pennsylvania, 1897 ; has charge of twenty- two' marine hospitals and a large number of relief stations, giving relief to more than 50,000 sailors of the American Merchant Marine ; is charged with the administration of National Quarantine Stations. "The Richmond," Washington, D. C. Wyse, William P. E. 1894. Born at "Deer Park," near Pikesville, Baltimore County, Md., June 2, 1866. Educated at City College, 634 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Baltimore; M.D., University of Maryland, 1886; Resident Physician, Bayview Hospital, 1886-87; Assistant Visiting Physician, Mount Hope Retreat; Surgeon, Pikesville Soldiers' Home, 1891— ; resides at Pikesville, Md. *Wyvill, Walter. Born in Anne Arundel County, Md., March 4, 1781. A.M., St. Johns7 1798; Surgeon to ship "Missouri" (by recommen- dation of Dr. Rush), an armed trading vessel, in which he cruised three years without loss of a man; returned to Philadelphia and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 1802 ( ?) (his name is not in the Catalogue there) ; practiced in Anne Arundel and Cal- vert Counties for fifty-two years. Died at Piscataway, Prince George County, August 4, i860 (Q.). *Wyville, Dorsey. Founder. 1799. Of Dorchester County, Md. See lists of 1807 and 1848. *Yeates, Henry P. P. 1853. Born at Baltimore. M.D., University of Maryland, 1845; Vaccine Physician, 1846; Assistant Surgeon, Dixie Light Infantry, 1861-65 (Q-)- Died at Baltimore. See Trans., 1873. *Yeates, John Lloyd. 1822. Born in Harford County, Md., December 27, 1802. Educated at Baltimore College; M.D., University of Maryland, 1822; Member of City Council, 1836-40; Orator, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1840; President, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, 1853-54; President, Medical and Surgical Society of Balti- more, 1855-56. Died at Baltimore, July 24, 1875. *YouNG, Daniel. 1807. See lists of 1807 and 1848. Young, Hugh Hampton. 1898. Born at San Antonio, Tex., September 18, 1870; son of Gen. William H. Young. A.B., A.M., 1893, and M.D., 1894, University of Virginia;. Instructor in Genito-urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins University; at present. Associate in Genito- urinary Surgery, Johns Hopkins University ; Attending Surgeon, Johns Hopkins Dispensary; Attending Surgeon, Union Protestant Infirmary. 1005 North Charles Street, Baltimore. Young, James. Of Frederick County, Md. (There is a "Young, James, Pa., 1823," Catalogue of the University of Pennsylvania.) See list of 1848. 635 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY *YouNG, John, Jr. Founder. 1799. Born at Miles River Neck, Tal- bot County, Md. Went to Florida, but returned to Trappe, Talbot County, Md., about 1799; Surgeon, Fourteenth- Regiment of In- fantry, U. S. A., June 4, 1812. "A bachelor, short and stout, a good Latin scholar and well posted in medical literature." Died at his residence at Trappe, about 1824, well advanced in years. *YouNG, Samuel. Founder. 1799. Born in Maryland, 1739. "A man of worth and a physician of skill and experience." (There was a Dr. Young, Member of the Board of Examining Surgeons in the Revolution— Toner.) Died at Hagerstown, Md., 1838. (See Young, John, Jr.) Zacharias, John Forney. 1898. Born at Frederick City, Md. Edu- cated at Frederick Academy; M.D., Jefferson, i860; practiced at Frederick City, 1860-61 ; in C. S. A., 1861 ; Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., 1862-65 ; practiced at Leesburg, 1865-70 ; since that at Cum- berland, Md. "During my service in the hospital at Danville, Va., I first used maggots to remove the decayed tissue in hospital gan- grene and with eminent satisfaction. In a single day they would clean a wound much better than any agents we had at our com- mand. I used therrj afterwards at various places. I am sure I saved many lives by their use, escaped septicaemia, and had rapid recoveries." *Zeller, Henry. 1837. Born near Williamsport, Washington County, Md., August 17, 1810; son of Otho Zeller. Educated at Hagerstown Academy; pupil of Dr. Frederick Dorsey; M.D., Jefferson, 1837; practiced at Williamsport, Md. Died July, 1885 (Q.). Zepp, James Albert. 1897. Born in Carroll County, Md., August 9, 1856. Graduated from Maryland State Normal School ; M.D., Uni- versity of Maryland, 1887. 3050 West North Avenue, Baltimore. Ziegler, Charles Benjamin. 1890. Born at Baltimore, July 8, 1855. Educated at Deisterwig Institute; M.D., Washington University, Baltimore, 1876; Resident Physician, City Hospital, 1876-77; prac- ticed at St. Michaels, 1877-80; later, at Baltimore; Vaccine Physi- cian and Station-House Surgeon, three years. 830 North Broad- way, Baltimore. Ziegler, John S. 1899. Born at Shrewsbury Township, York County, Pa., August 17, 1859. Educated at Gray's School, Glen Rock, Pa.; 636 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY M.D., University of Maryland, 1878; has practiced ever since at Melrose, Md. ZoLLER, Christ. G. E. 1831. See list of 1848. *ZoLLicKOFFER, WiLLiAM. 1817. Bom in 1793. M.D., University of Maryland, 1818, and Washington University, 1838; Agent, Vaccine Institute, Baltimore, 1830; Lecturer on Botany, Medical Botany, Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; resided at Uniontown, Carroll County, Md. ; author of "A Materia Medica of the United States," etc., Baltimore, 1819 and 1827. Died in 1853. 637 CHRONOLOGY; 1608. Europeans first visit the Chesapeake. In June, John Smith sets out from Jamestown, "in an open barge, neare three tons burthen," and with a crew of thirteen, to find a pas- sage westward into the Pacific. They enter the Patapsco, which from the resemblance of the clay on its banks to "bole- armoniack"' (terra sigillata) they call the "Bolus." On their return they sail up the Potomac. "Walter Russell, Gentle- man, doctor of physicke," accompanied and wrote the history of this voyage (see "Smith's General History of Virginia," chap. v). In July Smith returns and makes a more thorough exploration of the Bay. He was now accompanied by "An- thony Bagnall, chirurgeon," who also wrote the account of this second expedition. 1632. Charter for Province of Maryland granted to Cseci- lius, second Lord Baltimore, by Charles I. (June 20). Named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria. 1634. First settlement of the Province by 200 colonists, at St. Mary's. They land March 27. — St. Mary's Town, for- merly the principal town of the Yoamacoes, bought by Gov- ernor Calvert, brother of Lord Baltimore, who heads the expe- dition. ♦Many of the early items of this Chronology were derived from the Maryland Archives. 41 639 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1635. First General Assembly meets at St. Mary's (Fel;ru- ary 26). — "Francisco, a molato," brought into the province by Andrew White; the first slave. 1637. Henry Hooper, chirurgeon, arrives in Maryland. — Inquest by twelve planters on a man killed by a tree ; they report his "bloud bulke broken," and the tree is forfeited to Lord Proprietor (January 31). This is probably the earliest recorded autopsy in America, the earliest in Massachusetts being 1674. Inquest also on two men drowned (March 23 and 24). 1638. Thos. Gerard, surgeon, arrives in Maryland, and takes up St. Clement's Manor, St. Mary's County, where he holds a manorial court. — ''Our surgeons cure a man of snake bite" (Letters from missionaries appended to Father White's "Relation," p. 56, Mlaryland Historical Society, published 1874). — A law passed by Assembly to regulate "wages" and "moderate the charges" of artificers and chirurgeons, according to the rates of tobacco in England. — Population of the Province, 700. — Second Assembly held January 25. — First Court of Jus- tice held in the Province. — The Colonists commence the grow- ing of tobacco. — A return of election of burgesses shows that only one of seven Colonists could sign his name. 1639. Gerard elected to Assembly ; obtains 230 pounds of tobacco from the Secretary of the Province "for physick" ad- ministered to Richard Lee. — Mr. Wells, chirurgeon of St. Mary's County, 1641. Richard Purlivant, barber and chirurgeon, settles on Kent Island (Emory). 1642. Robert Ellyson, a "barber-chirurgeon" of St. Mary's County. — Report of an "Enquest taken at St. Maries upon the 640 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY view of the body of Ann Thompson," an infant. — Alexius Pul- ton, chirurgeon, paid 150 pounds tobacco for his services in expedition against Susquehannah Indians. — George Binx, hcen- tiate in physicke. — On petition ol the Protestants in the colony, Thomas Gerard is fined by the Assembly for interfering with their worship. 1643. Francis Otway, chirurgeon of expedition against Sus- quehannah Indians. — An "Enquest on an Indian ladd killed by John Dandy ;" a complete examination of abdomen ; report signed by "George Binx, foreman (February 23, see above). — Gerard, member of Council. 1644. Mrs. Hebden, wife of Dr. Thos. Hebden, of St. Maries, recovers a medical fee for "doing chirurgery upon the legg of a patient." — Thomas Gerard, member of Assembly, one of Governor's Council, and diligent in his efforts for the advance- ment of the Colony; a man of more than ordinary abilities (Bozeman). — Records of the Province seized and carried 10 Virginia, where most of them were lost. Death : Dr. Robert Ward, of St. Maries. 1646. Dr. Waldron, of St. Maries River, f 1647. Dr. Thos. Hebden recovers a judgment for medical fees, due him for curing a soldier of the "ifort" at St. Miaries of "agu€ and feaver," and "stopping of the blood" from a wound received in a fight with the Susquehannahs. 1648. Henry Hooper sues his Lordship's attorney for his "sallary and chirurgery in the ffort of St. Inegoes" the last year, 3379 pounds of tobacco and 3 barrels of corn. — John Wade, chirurgeon, arrives in Maryland. — Inquest on man found dead at "Poynt Looke out." 641 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1649. Annapolis founded by persecuted Puritan Colonists from Virginia. — Religious Toleration Act passed by Legisla- ture (April 21 ). — Charles County erected. — Charles I. be- headed; Charles II. proclaimed King by Governor Greene. 1650. "An Act concerning the registering of births, mar- riages and burials" passes session of 1650 (Bozeman, "History of Maryland," vol. ii, p. 407). — Anne Arundel County formed. — Henry Hooper enters intO' an agreement with the Governor to serve him "for a twelve month from this day in the quality of Chirurgeon, and the Governor is for it to find all druggs, and to find him with diett and lodgeing, and to allow him two- thirds of all the accounts which the Chirurgeon Shall earn by his practice in the Colony during the said time." He is also made captain of one of the four military companies. — John Wade sues estate of Thomas Medwell for professional services. 1651. Thomas Marsh, chirurgeon, of Kent County ("Old Kent," p. 21). — Dr. Waldron gives his opinion as to the death of a new-born child. 1652. Dr. Thos. Ward, of Kent County, fined 300 pounds of tobacco for cruelties to a servant. — A jury of matrons decides as to the alleged pregnancy of a murderess. — Peace made with the Susquehannahs. Death : Dr. Thos. Hebden. 1653. Death : Dr. Henry Hooper. 1654. Calvert dies. — Calvert County erected. — Oliver Crom- well proclaimed Lord Protector by Governor Stone. — Dr. Peter Godson ordered by the Court to return 600 pounds of tobacco which he had reserved for "curing" Thos. Ager, when he had failed to do so. 642 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1655. Dr. Luke Barber migrates to Maryland and settles in St. Maries County about March 20. — Battle between Puritans and Royalists (March 26) at Providence (Annapolis) ; the former victorious. Dr. Luke Barber is sent ahead by Gov- ernor Stone on his march to Providence, with a proclamation addressed to the people of Anne Arundel County, and acts the part of peacemaker. He was a zealous friend of Lord Balti- more, and accompanies the Governor at the particular request of the latter. Dr. (Captain) Gerard is also in this battle and is taken prisoner. The Governor is defeated and wounded. Barber, it is inferred, had been either a surgeon or physician in the Lord Protector's arniy. The favor shown later to Lord Baltimore was probably owing largely to the personal influence of Dr. Barber with the Protector (Bozeman). — Dr. Peter Sharp, chirurgeon (b. 1623, d. 1672) and a Friend, sues Dr. Peter Godson for malpractice in killing a patient, by "taking too much blood." The case is referred to men of skill and abil- ity, to "judge of the action." 1656. A jury of matrons called in a case of alleged infanti- cide, and the following year in a case of supposed pregnancy. — Drs. Barber and Gerard, members of Governor Fendall's Coun- cil ; the former receives 1000 acres of land from Lord Balti- more for his faithfulness. — Jacob Lumbrozo, a Jewish physi- cian, arrives from Portugal and settles in Charles County (January). 1657. Inquest held on Henry Gouge at Patuxent by Rd. Maddokes and Emperor Smith, chirurgeons, by order of Coun- cil. The head is "desected" by the chirurgeons for the inspec- tion of the Jury. The chirurgeons are allowed a half hogshead of tobacco each as fee (September 24). — Dr. Barber appointed Deputy Governor by Governor Fendall, who goes to England. 643 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1658. A jury of women ordered by the Court of Kent County in a case of alleged infanticide. They render, through their fore- woman, Mary Vickers, a verdict that the accused, "Hannah Jackson, is clear from, the bearing and never had a child." — Dr. Peter Sharp, sued for failure to cure a sore leg, gains his fee in tobacco. — Wm. Helmsley, from England, settles in Queen Anne's County. — Dr. Barber surrenders office on return of Governor Fendall. — The Puritan Governor surrenders the Province to the Proprietor, his Lordship having been de- prived of it for six years (March 24). — Dr. Jacob Lumbrozo, a Jewish physician, accused of blasphemy, but escapes trial in consequence of the pardon accompanying the proclamation in favor of Richard, the son of the Lord Protector, which was issued a few days after the accusation ("Davis' Day Star," pp. 65-66). 1659. Baltimore County patented, population 1000; Dr. Francis Stockett its first delegate to St. Mary's (Allsop's "Mary- land"). — Dr. Baker Brooke, member of Governor's Council. — A jury of matrons decides as to the pregnancy of a woman convicted of a felony. 1660. Population of Province, 12,000. — Dr. Richard Tilgh- man, surgeon British Navy, with wife Maria Foxley, settles at "Hermitage," Talbot County, M'd., on land granted by Lord Baltimore. — Assembly convenes at Gerard's house; Gerard found guilty of treason and sentenced to banishment and con- fiscation; later pardoned. 1661. A salary of 400 pounds of tobacco per month assigned to the surgeon of expedition against the Susquehannah In- dians. — First County Court held in Baltimore County (July 20) at the house of Capt. Thomas Howell. Prior to this all the set- 644 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tlements were within the six counties, St. Mary's, Kent, Talbot, Calvert, Charles and Anne Arundel. The last included all the Western Shore till Baltimore County was established; then that took all lands north of Anne Arundel. 1663. Lumbrozo naturalized. 1665. Population of Province, 16,000. — Lumbrozo commis- sioned to trade with Indians. 1666. Death: Dr. Lumbrozo. 1667. White population of Province, 8140. 1668. "Cole's Harbour," on north branch of Patapsco, on which Baltimore was subsequently laid out, patented by Thos. Cole. Contains 550 acres, nearly equally divided by Jones' Falls. 1670. Dr. Baker Brooke, Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Province. — Autopsy by John Stansley and John Peerce, chirur- geons, on head of Benj. Price, killed by Indians (July 20). — M'ichael De Coursey and Richard Tilghman, physicians of Kent County. 1671. Act passed allowing 250 pounds of tobacco to coro- ners as fee for an inquest. — Dr. John Waterton, delegate to Assembly from Baltimore County. — Dr. Richard Tylman, Sheriff of Talbot County. — Population of Province, 20,000. 1672. Nicholas Oliver^ "who is an apothecary by profes- sion," a cousin and legatee of Dr. Peter Sharp, of Calvert County. Death : Dr. Peter Sharp. 645 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1674. Dr. Baker Brooke, Surveyor-General of Province. — Dr. Jesse Wharton, member of Upper House at St. Mary's. — Dr. Jos. Watterton, delegate from Baltimore County. 1675. Dr. Richard Tilghman, of Kent County, petitions the Court for compensation for surgical attendance on George Hays, to cure "the bones of his cubit which had been lacerated and torn." It was granted. — Gideon Skates, chirurgeon, in Harford (then Baltimore) County, buys "Swanson" and "addi- tion to Swanson" (site of Joppa), from John Taylor. 1676. Dr. Christopher Gregory, surgeon of expedition against Indians. 1683. Dr. John Brooke, a delegate to Assembly from Cal- vert County. — Dr. John Stansley, Surveyor, St. Maries County. 1684. A witch executed, the only instance in Mar}dand. 1692. Dr. John Brooke, Judge of Provincial Court. — Dr. Mordecai Moore, of Calvert County, arrives in Maryland. — Shadrach Whitworth, chirurgeon ; the first mentioned in rec- ords of Cecil County. — Government of Maryland assumed by the Crown and Protestant Episcopal Church established; all Christian sects equally privileged till then. — Prince of Orange on throne. 1694. Dr. Simon Wootten, of Calvert County, a witness against Thomas Johnson, of same county, for Jacobinism [this Thomas Johnson an ancestor of Gov. Thomas John- son]. — The Court orders the burial of cattle, which had died in large numbers during the previous winter, to prevent sick- ness. — Seat of government removed from St. Mary's City to Annapolis (March i6). — Kent County Court orders that "by 646 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY reason of a great and dangerous sickness in the neighbor- ing Province of Pennsylvania, it is by this Court ordered that no person inhabiting in the county doe entertain any stranger traveling from any part out of this Province. And that no person inhabiting in this Countie may Travel into any part of Pennsylvania or the Territories thereunto belonging untill January Court next, upon pain and penaltie of being pro- ceeded against according to Law in that case made and pro- vided, and all constables are hereby required to notifie the in- habitants of their respective hundreds" ("Old Kent of Mary- land," p. 338. Dr. Ouinan remarks of this : "This is probably the first quarantine declared in the limits of Maryland, certainly the first issued by a Court"). 1696. Dr. Francis Greenfield^ of Calvert County, and Dr. Payne, of St. Mary's County, first appear in the records. 1697. The justices of Kent are required by their commis- sion "to enquire into all sorts of Witchcraft, Inchantments, Sorceries, Magic Arts," etc. ("Old Kent," p. 391). 1698. Dr. Robt. Jones, of St. Mary's, first mentioned in the Records. — Mr. David Kuger and Zachary Allen, chirurgeons. 1700. Dr. Alex. Hamilton (Scotchman) settles at An- napolis about this time. He was preceptor of Drs. Thos. and Phineas Bond, of Philadelphia. 1703. Destructive hurricane in Maryland, destroying much shipping and property (October 18). 1706. Seat of justice of Baltimore County removed to Tay- lor's Choice, or Joppa, on Gunpowder River, and there remains above fifty years. 647 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1708. Dr. Gustavus Brown, of Scotland, educated at the University of Edinburgh, goes ashore from an EngHsh vessel, when, a storm arising, his ship is driven to sea, leaving him without clothing and with little money (May). But he is wel- comed and entertained by the inhabitants, settles at Port To- bacco, Charles County, and marries the daughter of a wealthy planter. — Annapolis chartered as a city; called "The Athens of America." 1709. Dr. Edward Chetham, vestryman of St. Paul's Church, Talbot County. 1712. Population of Province, 46,075; Baltimore County, 2923. 1713. Drs. George Walker, A.M., and James Walker arrive from Scotland and settle in Anne Arundel County. 1715. Locusts appear in great numbers in Maryland. — Dr. George Walker removes to Baltimore County and purchases a tract of land west of the site occupied later by Baltimore Town, called "Chatsworth." 1717. Wm. Bruce Church, a practitioner of physicke in Cal- vert County ("Historical Collections Colonial Church in Mary- land," p. 95). 1719. Population of Province, 80,000 (whites, 55,000). 1720. Dr. Josias Middlemore arrives in Baltimore County from England. Death: Dr. John Rattenbury, in Baltimore County, 1721. Inoculation for smallpox introduced into England by Lady Mary Wortley Montague. 648 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1723. Dr. Geo. Buchanan, "chirurgeon," arrives from Scot- land, purchases land and settles in Baltimore County. 1724. James Walker, of Maryland, receives medical diploma at Aberdeen (see 1713) (October 7). 1726. Maryland Gazette established by Wm. Parks, public printer. 1729. Legislature passes an Act, entitled "An Act for erect- ing a town on the north side of Patapsco in Baltimore County, and for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the place where one John Flemming now lives" (August 8). Flem- ming was a tenant of Mr. Charles Carroll and lived in a house situated near where Charles Street now is. Among the Com- missioners named are Drs. George Buchanan and George Walker, the former being also a Justice of the County. The price paid Mr. Carroll for the ground was £120 ($320). Dr. Walker purchases one of the lots, an acre each, into which the town site was divided. A large number of the first settlers of Baltimore County were Friends. 1730. The Commissioners lay off the town as provided (January 12). [Dr. Quinan remarks that at this date Philadel- phia had been founded 48 years, Charleston 50 years, St. Mary's 96 years, Boston 100 years, and New York 116 years]. — The streets of Baltimore Town were at first narrow and crooked. The principal one, "Long" (now "Baltimore"), was 4 perches wide and at times impassable. "Forest" ("Charles") Street was 3 perches wide. Most of them were mere lanes i perch wide. The low ground about Jones Falls was sub- ject to frequent overflow and was called "The Meadow." For many years the town was surrounded by a picket fence to 649 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY protect it from the Indians ; there was a gateway for carriag-es at the north end of Gay Street and another at the west end of Baltimore Street, and a smaller one for foot passengers on the hill near St. Paul's Church (1750). 1731. Smallpox at Joppa, Baltimore County. Courts sus- pended. 1732. Dr. George Walker assists in laying off "Jones Town," on the east bank of the Falls, "where Edward Fell kept store" (August). 1736. Dr. Buckler Partridge arrives and settles at Jones Town. 1738. Dr. Adam Thomson, of Maryland, begins to inoculate by a new method, the "American" (see 1750). 1740. First brick house erected in Baltimore Town with imported material (northwest corner Calvert and Fayette Streets) ; also, first house of two stories without a hip-roof. 1743. Death: Dr. George Walker, at Baltimore. 1745. Dr. Geo. Buchanan, a delegate to the General As- sembly from Baltimore County. — About this time Dr. Richard Brooke sends a memorial to the President of His Majesty's Council, complaining that the Lord Proprietor unduly favors the Catholics in the Province (Md. Archives). — John and Henry Stevenson (brothers) arrive from Ireland; the first engages in commerce, the second pursues his profession. — The Maryland Gazette, second publication, is issued at Annapolis (January 27). — The Tuesday Club organized at Annapolis by 650 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Dr. Alex. Hamilton and Mr. Jonas Green, editor of Maryland Gazette. The oldest club in the United States. Dr. Hamilton was the founder, "life and soul," and the first meeting was held at his house (May 14). — The two towns, "Baltimore Town" and "Jones Town," are united into one, for which the former designation is retained (September 5). 1746. Dr. William Lyon establishes the first drug store at Baltimore Town (corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets), for the sale of "chemicals and Galenicals." 1747. Dr. Lyde Goodwin's name appears in the records of Baltimore Town. — Dr. Andrew Scott, of Prince George County. 1748. Dr. Wm. Lyon subscribes to keep the town fence in repair. — Malignant smallpox in Cecil County (January). 1750. "Whereas several persons permit stinking fish and dead creatures or carrion to lie on their lots, or in the street near their doors, which are a very offensive nuisance and con- trary to Acts of Assembly, the Commissioners therefore order the clerk to put up advertisements to inform such persons that they are to remove the same. Resolved, That Dr. Wm. Lyon be a committee of one to enforce the same." (MS. Rec. of Baltimore. This is the first health ordinance of the town ex- tant). — Dr. Adam Thomson, a Marylander, publishes the "American IMethod of Inoculation," which was universally adopted throughout the Colonies and favorably received in England. Death : Dr. George Buchanan, set. 52. 1751. In an old map of this date the words "Baltimore Iron Works" mark the site of the City of Baltimore. — Pennsylvania 651 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hospital at Philadelphia projected, incorporated and organized by Dr. Thomas Bond, of Calvert County, Md. ; opened 1752. — First Theatre built at Annapolis. — Dr. Alex. Hamilton, of Annapolis, defends Dr. A. Thomson's "Method of Inoculation.'' Death: Dr. James Somervell, of Calvert, February. 1752. Baltimore Town has twenty-five houses, four of which are of brick, and two vessels, a brig and a sloop. — Dr. Wm. Lyon subscribes for a market-house and town hall. — Letter of Dr. Richard Brooke, on "Inoculation Without Inci- sion" (Philosophical Transactions, 752, vol. xlvii). 1753. Population of Baltimore County (including Har- ford), 17,238. Death: Dr. Edward Wakeman, chirurgeon, of Baltimore County. 1754. Dr. Richard Murray, of Dorchester County, ap- pointed Commissioner to Choptank Indians. — Letter from Dr. Richard Brooke, on "History and Appearance of the Pheasant as seen in Maryland" (Philosophical Transactions, 1754, vol. xlviii). 1755. Dr. Charles Frederick Wiesenthal arrives at Balti- more from Germany. — Smallpox epidemic in the State. — Ther- mometric account of weather, September, 1753, to September, 1754, by Dr. Richard Brooke (Philosophical Transactions, 1755' vol. li). — First fire engine brought to Colonies reaches Annapolis from London. — Dr. Swinton, Surgeon, killed and five Surgeon's Mates wounded at Braddock's defeat. After this defeat people fled to Baltimore for safety. Indians said to be within 80 miles of the town. Women and children put 652 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY on boats in the harbor for flight down the Bay, if necessary (July 9). Deaths: Drs. Josias Middlemore, in Baltimore County, Feb- ruary 27, aet. 72 ; Charles Carroll, of Annapolis. 1756. Population of Baltimore Town, 300, with four physi- cians. — Dr. John Bond, of Calvert County, a pupil of his uncle, Dr. Thos. Bond, of Philadelphia, and apothecary to Pennsyl- vania Hospital. — Spotted fever epidemic in Maryland; epizo- otic among dogs and foxes; all attacked die (May) (R. Brooke, Philosophical Transactions). — Dysentery and small- pox epidemic in Maryland (November and December) (Id.). Deaths: Drs. Alex. Hamilton, of Annapohs ; James McGill, of Harford County. 1757. Dr. Samuel Owings, Delegate to General Assembly from Baltimore County. — A malignant fever prevails in Mary- land, but confined to colored race (R. Brooke, op. cit.). — Epi- zootic among horses; all near salt water die (Id.). — For the first and only time Legislature meets at Baltimore Town in consequence of prevalence of smallpox at Annapolis (April 5) ; epidemic over July 24 after raging about 9 months. The session lasted about a month. The Governor appoints August 12 as a day of "fasting, humiliation and prayer." 1758. Dr. John Bond (see antea) Surgeon in French and Indian War (Pa. Archives). — The General Assembly of Maryland allows its Surgeons and Surgeon's Mates ten shil- lings per day for services in the War (Proceedings). 1759. Mr. Steiger, a butcher, purchases of Dr. Wm. Lyon, the wooded marsh in the bend of the Falls for a pasturage. — The people kept from going West by the French and Indian 653 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY War. — Baltimore Town the greatest mart of trade in the prov- ince. — Smallpox at Bladensburg. — Thermometric Account of the Weather for three years, 1751-54, by Dr. R. Brooke (Philosophical Transactions, 1759). Death : Dr. James Walker, of Anne Arundel County. 1760. Smallpox in Cecil County. 1762. Smallpox epidemic in the State. — Dr. Richard Brooke reports "A Case of Hydrophobia ; Good Effects of Bleeding- and Mercury" {Maryland Gazette, November 4). 1763. Drs. H. Stevenson and Lyon aid in founding a Pres- byterian Church on East (now Fayette) Street. — Drs. Wm. Lyon and others lease a lot, at northwest corner of Gay and Baltimore Streets, for a market house. — Dr. George Garnet, a practitioner in Queen Anne's County and vestryman of Old Chester Church. — Dr. James Sparrold, of Baltimore, taxed as a bachelor. — Addition to Old Town, or Jones Town, laid out. — "Ancient and Honorable M'echanical Company" of Baltimore organized (September 22) ; this association is still in exist- ence with an unbroken career since its foundation. It is said to be the oldest civic organization in the United States. 1764. A malignant fever prevails in Talbot County, con- fined to negroes {Maryland Gazette, July 12). 1765. Dr. John Jackson, of Queen Anne's County, vestry- man of Old Chester Church.— Dr. Henry Stevenson, who is styled ^'the most successful inoculator in America," opens an inoculating hospital at Baltimore (February) and visits Prince George County, M'd., to inoculate the inhabitants (July 29, Maryland Gazette). — Smallpox epidemic prevails in the State from March i, 1764, to September, 1765. 654 JOSHUA I. COHEN 1801-1870. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1766. First State Quarantine Law passed (Chapter 22). — Smallpox at Joppa, Baltimore County. — Dr. Lodman (?) El- bert, of Queen Anne's County, vestryman of Old Chester Church.— Dr. H. Stevenson "informs the public that £400 have been collected in town and county towards purchasing a genteel statue of William Pitt, in acknowledgment of his ser- vices to the Province and Continent, and to lovers of liberty in general'' (May 22, Maryland Gazette). 1767. Dr. Randall Hulse arrives from England and settles at Garrison Forest, Baltimore County (March 12). — Dr. John Boyd establishes a drug store at Baltimore Town, the second here (May). 1768. Drs. John and Thomas Cradock, pupils of Dr. Hulse, begin practice in Baltimore County. — ^John Archer, of Flar- ford County, Md. (then Baltimore County), receives from the Philadelphia College the first medical diploma (M'.B.) ever granted after attendance in America (June 20) ; this diploma, as also his Princeton diploma, is in the possession of the Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty. Deaths: Drs. John Hamilton, of Calvert County; Adam Thomson, of Prince George County. 1769. First fire engine at Baltimore. — Quarantine Law passed. — Drs. John Doncastle and James Craig, of Charles County. — A jury of matrons acts under writ "de ventre inspici- endo," in the case of a woman who pleads pregnancy in bar of execution (Proceedings of Council, 1767-70, p. 43). — Dr. Henry Stevenson devotes part of his mansion, "Parnassus," on little York Road, in rear of present jail, to the purpose of an inoculating hospital, and opens it to all who apply (Febru- ary 15, Maryland Gazette). Death : Dr. Joshua Warfield, March 19. *2 655 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1771. Dr. Philip Henderson in Baltimore County. — John Stevenson begins the shipment of wheat to Europe ; the for- mation of the grain trade of Baltimore. — Dr. Henry Stevenson advertises his hospital, where inoculation is conducted after the best "American method" (November 14, Pennsylvania Gazette). 1772. Dr. Michael Pue arrives from Ireland. — David Ram- say, the historian, graduates M.B. at the Philadelphia Col- lege and practices for a short time in Cecil County before re- moving to Charleston, S. C. — The practicing physicians at and near Baltimore Town are Drs. Lyon, Wiesenthal, Hulse, Stenhouse, Pue, Stevenson, Boyd, Cradock, Hazlett, Gray and Coulter. 1773. Legislature passes Act for erection of a Poor and Workhouse in Baltimore County for the sick and indigent, and appropriates £4000 for the purpose. Centre building and east wing erected on North Howard Street. — Harford County formed by division of Baltimore County. — Dr. C. F. Wiesen- thal aids in erection of a Lutheran Church. — State Quarantine Law passed. — Fells Point added to Baltimore Town. — Publica- tion of Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, begun by William Goddard, the first newspaper at Baltimore (Au- gust 20). 1774. Drs. Hulse, Wiesenthal, Cradock and Hazlett physi- cians for the poor of Baltimore County. — Dr. H. Stevenson, Inspector of Tobacco. — Charlotte Hall Academy established. — First military company organized at Baltimore for the Revo- lution, by Mordecai Gist, a merchant.— Drs. John Archer, Rob- ert Lemon, Josias Carvil Hall and Thomas Andrews on the Committee of Observation of Harford County ; Dr. John 656 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Boyd on same Committee for Baltimore County and Town. — Drs. Ephraim Howard, of Anne Arundel County; Thomas Cradock, of Baltimore County; Richard Brooke, of Frederick County ; M. Wallace, of Queen Anne's County, and Nathaniel Potter, of Caroline County, elected members of State Con- vention. — Drs. Wiesenthal and Howard discuss in the paper the treatment of a patient, and Dr. William A. Dashiell de- fends the views of his preceptor, Dr. Wiesenthal. — The "Peggy Stewart," laden with tea, burnt at Annapolis (October 19), Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield, of Howard County, leading the party, "the first overt act against the authority of the King of England in Maryland." 1775, James McHenry, "having made some progress in medicine," is appointed Surgeon and with others joins the pa- triot army before Boston. — Baltimore fits out two cruisers, "Hornet" and "Wasp," to make the first essay of the Ameri- can Navy. — First Frigate built for Continental Navy at Fells Point, Baltimore. — First Continental flag hoisted in Maryland by Commodore Barney. — Dr. John Wallace, of Queen Anne's County, member of State convention. — Dr. Moses Allen, mem- ber of Committee of Observation of Talbot County, and Drs. Samuel Owings and John Boyd on same Committee for Balti- more County. — Drs. John L. Elbert, Samuel Stringer Coale, Christopher Taylor and Frederick Ridgeley begin practice. — Census of Baltimore taken by the inhabitants early in the year : 564 houses, 5934 inhabitants, 16 physicians. — Physicians to Poor appointed. — Twenty acres at head of Howard near Madi- son Street bought for site of County Poorhouse, at a cost of £350. — Smallpox at Queenstown, Queen Anne's County. — Dr. John Smith, Surgeon of Colonel Conolly's expedition, planned by Governor Dunmore of Virginia, arrested at Fredericktown. 657 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY — Dr. Ephraim Howard, son of Henry, paid £600 and Dr. Samuel S. Coale paid £250, for manufacture of saltpetre, by Committee of Safety. 1776. Dr. Wiesenthal appointed by State Surgeon of Smallwood's Brigade. The same ordered to buy for his com- mand thirty pounds of bark, two pounds of cantharides, one pound of sponge and four ounces of opium. — Dr. John Boyd and others authorized by Congress to sign bills of credit. — Drs. Thomas Andrews and John P. Ahl begin practice; the first on Committee of Safety. — Dr. John Coulter, Acting Sur- geon at Baltimore, vice Wiesenthal, while the latter visits the Maryland troops in camp. — Dr. Thomas Andrews appointed by State "prover of arms." — Inoculation stopped in accordance with the order of the Committee of Observation of Baltimore, and the approval of Drs. Wiesenthal, Patrick Kennedy, H. Stevenson and William Beard. — The medical stores of Dr. Alexander Stenhouse, a loyalist of Baltimore County, valued at £422, taken by Committee of Safety for the use of the Army. — Dr. Benjamin Kennedy paid for medicines supplied troops of Western Shore. — Council of Safety forbid the slaugh- tering of cattle at Baltimore for three months for sanitary reasons. — Dr. Thomas Bourke, Captain of Cambridge Blues. — Smallpox at Port Tobacco, Charles County. — Drs. Henry Stevenson and Patrick Kennedy disapprove of the extreme measures of the patriots and leave Baltimore, the former enter- ing the British service at New York as Surgeon, the lat- ter becoming Captain of a company of loyalists. — Population of Baltimore, 6755, with 19 physicians ; population of Fells Point, 812. Population of Harford County, whites, 9421 ; blacks, 3342. — Dr. Wiesenthal appointed by State Manufacturer of Saltpetre and publishes his method of manufacture (January 658 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGTCAL FACULTY 4, Maryland Gazette). — Drs. Wiesenthal, Boyd and Cradock issue a call on the ladies of Baltimore for lint and linen for bandag-es for the troops (March 12). — Drs. Gustavus R. Brown and James Wallace establish an inoculating hospital in Charles County (June 15, Virginia Gazette, "VViilliamsburg, June 28). — Declaration of Independence proclaimed at Court- house at Baltimore Town, with faring of cannon and in even- ing illumination ; efhgy of '"late" king paraded and burned (July 22). — Almshouse at Baltimore burnt down, but rebuilt and w^est wing afterwards added (September 18). — Congress assembles at Baltimore Town in Mr. Jacob Fite's house, south- east corner of Baltimore and Liberty Streets, then the farthest house west, and one of the largest in the town ; it was long called "Congress Hall." Here, on December 27, Washington was invested with dictatorial powers. 1777. Dr. Hall, of Cecil County, paid £150 by Commit- tee of Safety for his services to the troops there. — SmaDpox at Cambridge, Md. — Dr. Samuel Mackenzie, of Baltimore, ordered by Congress to furnish medicines to sick soldiers at Baltimore and is paid $1500 for the same (Journal- of Con- gress). — Quarantine Law passed. — Dr. Wiesenthal, Surgeon- General of Maryland troops at a salary of thirty-five shillings per day without rations. — Surgeons of regiments to receive $60 per month and Surgeon's Mates $32 per month with ra- tions. — The Military Hospital for Maryland troops at An- napolis burned. 1778. Dr. Richard Burgess, Surgeon-Major to Colonel Marbury's Battalion. — Dr. Edward Johnson ordered to let Dr. James Craig have 250 pounds of bark; also to sell 400 pounds of the bark lately imported l)y Captain Conway's Privateer, 659 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY "Molly," at £4 per pound, not selling more than two pounds to a family, nor more than eight pounds to a physician. — Dr. John Troup returns after seven months' absence in France and is obliged to take the oath of allegiance. — Dr. Richard Tootel to deliver to Hon. T!homas Stone one pound of "jal- lop" for use of persons undergoing inoculation in Charles County ; also to deliver to Dr. Warfield, of Anne Arundel County two pounds of bark, one-half pound of camphor, two drachms of opium, one-half pound of copaiba, one pound of jallop, five pounds of sal. cathart., one-half pound of calomel prep., and one-half ounce of arg.-nitr. — Dr. James McHenry becomes Secretary and Aide-de-Camp to the Commander-in- Chief, General Washington. 1779. Drs. John Labesius and Joseph Harrison begin prac- tice. — Dr. John Johnson pays £250 for camphor for the State shop at Annapolis. — Drs. Wiesenthal, Hazlett, Boyd, Thomas Andrews, Coale, Ridgeley, Wiilliam Beard and Labesius, agree upon a fee table in accord with the high prices of the neces- saries of life, the poor to be attended gratis. — The ensuing winter intensely cold; $9000 given by the citizens for the relief of the poor. 1780. Dr. Patrick Sim Smith, Medical Purveyor for the Army in Calvert County, and Dr. H. Schnebly the same for Frederick County. — Dr. James Steuart removes from An- napolis to Baltimore. — Dr. John Parran, of Calvert County, paid £170 by the Committee of Safety for his services. — First Theatre at Baltimore. Death: Dr. William Augustus Dashiell. 1781. Military Hospital at Baltimore under charge of Dr. Wiesenthal. — The Governor and Council issue orders to Drs. 660 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Murray, Tootel and Steuart to cease inoculating. — Almshouse of Anne Arundel County used as a military hospital. — The forces at xA.nnapolis inoculated by Dr. James Murray (April). — General Washington, Count Rochambeau, General Viomenil and others pass through Baltimore, which is illuminated in honor of the event. Address to "VMashington and his reply (September 8). — Dr. James McHenry taken prisoner at Battle of Eutaw, S. C. (September 8), but released and elected member of Maryland Senate in December. 1782. Population of Baltimore estimated at 8ooo, with 8 churches and 23 physicians. — Dr. Henry Keerl, Hessian Sur- geon, captured at Trenton, settles at Baltimore. — Drs. Ran- dal Hulse and Thomas Love, of Baltimore County, employ the trepan with relief, in the case of a child who has received an injury of the head {Boston Evening Post and General Ad- vertiser). — Dr. Hulse leaves for England never to return. — Dr. John Cradock, member of House of Delegates. — First line of stage coaches established between Baltimore and Philadel- phia. — French troops returning from Yorktown encamp at Baltimore till close of War. — Streets of Baltimore paved for the first time. 1783. Washington College, Chestertown, established. — Dr. George Brown arrives from Ireland. — Among the physi- cians of Baltimore are Drs. Johnson, Goodwin, Troup, An- drews, Coale, Gilder, Brown, Little John, Ross, Buchanan and Wiesenthal. — Dr. James McHenry, Member of Congress. — Dr. Lyde Goodwin, Judge of Orphans' Court. — Regular line of coaches from Baltimore to Frederick City and Annapolis. — Amount expended in paving the streets of Baltimore, £9952. — Conclusion of peace celebrated; Baltimore illumiinated 661 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY (April 21 ). — Dr. Lyde Goodwin, Judge of Orphans' Court (May i6). — Public dinner to General Greene at Baltimore; addresses (September 30). — British evacuate New York. — Thanksgiving throughout the country. — Public dinner to Washington on his way to Annapolis to resign his commis- sion, Congress having met there on account of threatening attitude of Pennsylvania soldiers ; addresses. Deaths : Drs. Thomas Andrews ; Richard Brooke, of Prince George County, July 13, set. 67. 1784. Dr. C. F. Wiesenthal, physician to German Society. — Winter very severe; the harbor of Baltimore closed from January 2 to March 25, the Bay frozen almost to its mouth. — James Rumsey, a native of Cecil County, patents a steamer. — First circulating library established at Baltimore by Wm. Murphy, M]arket Street, one door east of Calvert. — Scarlet fever epidemic. — State Quarantine Law passed. — Dr. Ephraim Howard, of Elkridge, estabhshes an artillery forge there. — Baltimore streets first lighted ; three constables and fourteen watchmen guard the town. — St. John's College organized at Annapolis. — First M. E. Church in the United States organ- ized at Baltimore, Thomas Asbury being the first Bishop. — Lafayette entertained at public dinner; addresses. Legisla- ture declares him and his male heirs citizens of Maryland for- ever (September i). 1785. Bishop Andrews ordained. — An autopsy made by M. Mann criticised (January 11). — Medical reform and suppres- sion of quackery discussed in the paper (November 21, De- cember 13 and 23). Deaths : Drs. John Stevenson, the founder of the Commerce of Baltimore, set. 67 ; Ephraim Andrews. 662 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1786. Dr. Henry Stevenson returns to Baltimore and re- sumes inoculation. — Dr. Samuel Owings, member of House of Delegates. — Dr. Josias Carvil Hall, member of Governor's Council. — Reform still discussed (February 2). Death : Dr. W:^llace Hanson Jenifer, of Charles County, set. 34. 1787. Population of Baltimore, estimated, 9775, physicians, 25. — Dr. Reuben Guilder, who had been Surgeon throughout the W!ar to Hazlett's Regiment (Blue Hen's Chickens) settles at Baltimore. — Dr. John Scott appointed Naval Officer of Eighth District, Eastern Shore. — Stage route established be- tween Baltimore and Annapolis ; tri-weekly trips. — Baltimore has the first land carriage propelled by steam in the world. — Grand Lodge A. F. & A. M. founded at Talbot Court House (April 17). 1788. Society for promoting "abolition of slavery and for relief of free negroes and others unlawfully held in bondage" organized at Baltimore, and building for school erected in Sharp Street. — New channel cut for Jones Falls, Baltimore, "from the lower mill at Bath Street across the meadow to Gay Street Bridge. Old course by the Court House gradually filled up." — The body of Patrick Cassiday, an executed mur- derer, given to the doctors for dissection, but forcibly taken from them by a mob ("Griffith's Annals"). — "Benevolus" urges tTie people of Baltimore County and Town to secure a lavv restricting the practice of medicine to those duly quali- fied (July 2). — Dr. C. F. Wiesenthal, President, issues an appeal to the physicians of the State to convene on the 15th inst., at Stark's Tavern, Baltimore, to digest a plan for the regulation of medical practice (December 11). — Dr. Elislia 663 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hall addresses Dr. Wiesenthal to the same effect (December 13). — A medical society organized, President, Dr. Wiesenthal; Secretary, Mr. Frederick Dalcho; Drs. Boyd, Goodwin, Brown, Guilder and others members ("December 16). — Dr. Elisha Hall addresses the Medical Society of Baltimore on the regulation of the practice of physic, and sketches a plan for a State Medical Society, which embraces the chief features later embodied in the charter of the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty (December 26.) 1789. Physicians at Baltimore, 29. — Influenza epidemic during fall and ensuing winter. — Drs. George Buchanan, grandson of George Buchanan, the emigrant ; Edward John- son, Thomas Johnson, Andrew Wiesenthal, Miles Littlejohn and James Wynkoop begin practice at Baltimore. — The first General Council of the CathoUc Clergy in America is held at Baltimore. — Dr. George Buchanan publishes his "Treatise on Typhus Fever," with the purpose of establishing a Lying- in Hospital at Baltimore (this is the first medical monograph of a Baltimore physician published). — Drs. S. S. Coale, An- drew Wiesenthal, George Buchanan, Reuben Guilder, James Wynkoop, Edward Johnson, George Brown and Miles Little- john appointed physicians to Almshouse (September 11). — The Medical Society reorganized, with Dr. Edward Johnson President; Andrew Wiesenthal, Secretary, Treasurer and Li- brarian ; John Boyd, R. Guilder, George Buchanan and George Brown, Court of Correspondence (November 6, "Griffith's Annals"). — St. John's College, Annapolis, opened and dedi- cated (November 11). — Dr. Buchanan delivers lectures on Diseases of Women and Children and on the Brunonian System to a class of nine students (December 6, Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser) , and Dr. Andrew Wiesenthal on Anat- 664 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY omy, Physiology, Pathology, Operative Surgery and the Gravid Uterus, to fifteen students, at his house. No. 40 North Gay Street (same date, Maryland Gazette). Deaths: Drs. Charles F. Wiesenthal, June i, set. 63 ; Ephraim Howard. 1790. First Census by General Government. Population of State, 319,728; of city, 13,503, vi^ith 30 physicians. — In- fluenza epidemic throughout the country (fall of 1789 to spring of 1790) ; some called it an "epidemic putrid cold." — Bank of Maryland chartered with $300,000 capital ; $200,000 of this raised in fourteen days ; exorbitant dividends. — Baltimore owns 102 vessels with 13,564 tons. — A Mrs. Reitman gives notice that "having duly qualified as a midwife, she hopes in so prolific a town as Baltimore, to get patronage." — Dr. George Buchanan urges the registration of deaths, the creation of a public park and, in conjunction with Drs. Wiesenthal, Coale, Wynkoop, Stevenson, Little John, Moore Falls and Hazlett, appeals for a Humane Society. — Complimentary notice of lec- tures of Drs. George Buchanan and Andrew Wiesenthal, by their pupils ; "hope it may prove the beginning of a perma- nent medical school" (March 16). — The Faculty of Medical School announced, viz : A. Wiesenthal, Anatomy ; George Brown, Medicine; Lyde Goodwin, Surgery; S. S. Coale, Chemistry and Materia Medica; George Buchanan, Midwifery {New York Daily Advertiser, April 10). — First Session of United States Circuit Court held at Baltimore (May 7). — Controversy on Dissolution of Medical Society of Baltimore (June 22 and 29, July i, 2, 6, 9, 16). — Dr. Elisha H^all re- suscitates a drowned man; necessity of a "Humane Society" pointed out (August 9). — Rev. John Carroll, Vicar-General of 665 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Catholic Church in America, consecrated first CathoHc Bishop in the United States (August 15). Deaths : Drs. John Boyd, February 4, set. 53 ; Jos. Harrison. 1791. Dr. WJesley Baker begins practice. — General Inocu- lation in Kent County. — Dr. George Buchanan delivers an oration on "The Moral and Political Evils of Slavery" (July 4). — St. Mary's Seminary founded, at corner of Franklin and Greene Streets, Baltimore (July 10) ; the first Catholic Semi- nary for theological students in the United States. Death : Dr. Buckler Partridge. 1792. Yellow fever at Philadelphia; Drs. John Ross and John Wbrthington appointed by Governor Lee, Quarantine Physicians, the former by sea, the latter by land. — Poor Relief Association incorporated. — First Water Company in the United States formed at Baltimore. — Almshouse grounds increased by the purchase of ten additional acres at a cost of £ 167 (used as a cemetery when Howard Street was ex- tended in 1802). — Rev. Thomas J. Clagett ordained first P. E. Bishop of Maryland (September 17).— First Regular General Conference of M. E. Church held at Baltimore (November i). 1793. Drs. Henry Wilkins and Thomas Drysdale begin practice. — One thousand whites and five hundred blacks fleeing from massacre in St. Domingo, seek refuge at Baltimore; $12,500 raised for their relief. — Quarantine proclaimed by Governor Lee against all infected places. Passengers and baggage from Philadelphia not allowed to enter the city until passed by Quarantine Physicians. — Board of Health reports Baltimore free from yellow fever. — A Philadelphian expresses indignation because he is stopped en route to Baltimore and 666 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY offered toasted cheese on the end of a pitchfork by the Quar- antine guard. — Citizens of Baltimore subscribe £86i for the relief of yellow fever sufferers at Philadelphia. — Chestertown and Havre de Grace declare quarantine against Philadelphia (September 12-27). — Hagerstown Board of Health, Drs. Samuel Young, Jacob Schnebley and others, does the same. — The Legislature authorizes a temporary hospital for seamen of infected vessels to be erected at Baltimore (October 13, Chapter 57). 1794. Dr. Thomas Drysdale appointed by the Governor, an additional Quarantine Physician. — Yellow fever at Philadel- phia and Baltimore. — Dysentery epidemic. — Star Fort of brick erected on Whetstone Point and called Fort McHenry, in honor of Dr. James McHenry, Secretary of War ; after- wards ceded to the United States Government. — Site of hos- pital selected by Captain Yellot and others to serve as a tem- porary retreat for strangers and seafaring men. — Potter's Field purchased opposite hospital. — Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M. holds its first meeting at Baltimore. — New Board of Health proposed (February 21). — Dr. Drysdale delivers oration on Slavery (July 4). — Drs. Ross, Worthington and Drysdale ordered by Governor Lee to stop all vessels at quarantine. City authorities charged with negligence in allowing the admis- sion of yellow fever (July 8). — Drs. Coulter, Brown and Goodwin report the existence of "malignant bilious fever" at Fells Point (August 13). — Dr. Ross defends Board of Health, but suggests the necessity of a guard at Whetstone Point and erection of a temporary hospital (August 15). — Board of Health reports city free from malignant disease and admits only 344 deaths in August and September. Philadelphia de- cides on non-intercourse with Baltimore (October i). — 667 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Baltimore remonstrates (October 3). — No more cases re- ported (October 16). — Drs. Goodwin, Johnson, Wilkins, Haz- lett and others certify the good health of the city (October 23). — The Board of Health of Baltimore sends report of epidemic to the New York Board (October 28). Deaths : Drs. John Cradock, set. 45 ; Moses Dorling, set. 60 ; John Griffin, set. 24; William Lyon, set, 66. 1795. Exports of Baltimore increase from $1,699,930 in 1790-91, to $4,421,924 in 1794-95. — Dysentery epidemic at Bal- timore. — Legislature passes an Act for the appointment of a health officer of the Port of Baltimore at a salary of $100. — Peruvian Bark eighteen shillings per pound; red bark $4 per pound. — Dr. George Brown and others found the Baltimore Library, since merged with the Historical. — Bank of Baltimore chartered, capital $1,200,000. — Board of Health of city elected (April 24). — The inhabitants petition the Legislature for Quarantine Act and appropriation (May 5). — The Board of Health adopts rules for regulation of quarantine and appeals to citizens to aid in their enforcement (May 7). — Hospital at Hawkins Point ready to receive the sick coming from in- fected ports ; costs $2840, of which the citizens contribute $2119.75; physician's salary $100 (June 18). — All vessels from South America or West Indies to be quarantined (July 29). — No hides to be landed from vessels within city limits (August 16). — Cokesbury College, erected in 1785 by the Methodist Society at Abingdon, Harford County, destroyed by fire (December 4). Death: Dr. Michael Pue, set. 53. 1796. Dr. Andrew Wiesenthal appointed Judge of Or- phans' Court. — Drs. John Beale Davidge, Nathaniel Potter 668 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and John Crawford begin practice at Baltimore. — Patent taken out for antibilious pills ; the first for quack medicine in America (Q.)- — First Directory of City issued. — Methodist Academy and Free School founded. — Charitable Marine So- ciety organized. — Baltimore Library incorporated and opens on Lemon Street (October 22). — Baltimore incorporated as a city (December 31). Death: Dr. Moses Hazlett, set 57. 1797. Yellow fever epidemic. — Dr. Joseph Brevitt an- nounces that "he has undertaken the specialty of midwifery" at Baltimore, and "having been educated under European pro- fessors, is fully qualified to undertake the Branch." "He denies the use of forceps and all other instruments in natural cases." — Frederick City College organized. — Taxable property of city, £700,000 in round numbers. — Harford Medical So- ciety founded at "Medical Hall," Harford County, by John Archer, M.B., and his pupils (April i). — Board of Health organized. — City Council passes ordinance to prevent intro- duction of pestilential diseases and orders closure of theatres (April 7-25). — Dr. Andrew Wiesenthal discovers the parasite of tracheo-bronchitis in fowls (May i, London Medical and Physical Journal, October, 1799). — Drs. Falls, Davidge and Goodwin report existence of bilious remittent fever at Fells Point (August 29). — Dr. Joseph Allender warns the Board of Health that a malignant epidemic prevails and urges the members to inspect the Point themselves (September 2). — Sub- scription opened for distressed inhabitants of Philadelphia (September 7). — Board of Health establishes a temporary encampment for the sick north of the City Hospital site and assigns Drs. Joseph Wlay and James Smith as attend- ing physicians (September 16). — Annapolis declares quar- 669 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY antine against Baltimore (October 9). — Dr. Andrew Wjiesen- thal advertises to give lectures on Anatomy and Surgery. "Fees for course: for graduates, $24; those attending last year will have the same privilege again by paying the differ- ence between an ordinary ticket and $24; students attending three courses, on paying $40 will have a perpetual right" (October 11). — A physician reports that he has taken 130 ounces of blood, given 356 grains of mercury and rubbed in 12 ounces of mercurial ointment in a patient with yellow fever (October 26, Federal Gazette). — Legislature passes an Act to authorize the erection at or near Baltimore, of a hospital for the indigent, sick and insane and makes an appropria- tion of $8000 therefor (this was the City, Public or Mary- land Hospital on North Broadw^ay). — Dr. Henry Stevenson reports 67 cases of yellow fever treated by him from July to October with but six deaths. His treatment no vene- section, little calomel and free use of tonics (November 2, Federal Gazette). — Gen. Washington, in anticipation of war with France, reviews troops here (November 7). Deaths : Drs. Edward Johnson, formerly of Calvert County, ast. 60; B. Dobell; Day, of Harford County; Aquila Durham, of Harford County, September 4, set. 57. 1798. Yellow fever epidemic at Philadelphia. — Dr. Henry Wilkins establishes a drug store at No. 6 South Street. — A new and malignant fever prevails in the western part of the State ("Medical Repository," vol. iv, 351). — The City Council directs a committee, consisting of Mayor Calhoun and Messrs. Yellot, Lawson and McKim, to select a site and authorizes t!he purchase of 6^ acres for the City Hospital for $600. Building begun (February 20). — Health ordinance adopted (March 2). — Maryland Society for promoting Useful and 670 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Ornamental Knovvledg-e, founded on the proposal of Mr, James Priestley, of Baltimore, seconded by General Stone, Dr. Crawford, Rev. Mr. Bend, and Messrs. James Carroll and John Kilty ; first meeting held May lo ; constitution adopted December 13; last recorded meeting in minute book, March 28, 1806. — Quarantine against New York and Wilmington, Del. ; hides and coffee from West Indies prohibited (August 17). — Quarantine proclaimed by Mayor for fifteen days against persons and goods from Philadelphia ; all persons from that city to stop at Mery's Tavern and undergo inspection by Dr. Joseph Way (August 18). — 67 deaths at Fells Point (Au- gust 25). — Packets from Frenchtown to be quarantined at the Fort (September i). — Legislature grants $3000 additional in aid of "Public Hospital" and requires the Mayor and Coun- cil to make rules for its government and select an attending physician (November). — Davidge's work on yellow fever pub- lished. Deaths : Drs. Andrew Wiesenthal, set. 36 ; Samuel Stringer Coale, set. 44; Thomas Drysdale, set. 28. 1799. Yellow fever at Baltimore; also in Cecil, Harford, Charles, Dorchester and other counties of Maryland. — Drs. William Matthews and J. J. Jacquett begin practice at Balti- more. — General Quarantine Law passed by Congress ; re- ported by Smith, of Maryland. — Health Ordinance passed (February 27). — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty organized at Annapolis, with Dr. Upton Scott, of Annapolis, as President, and Dr. Ashton Alexander, of Baltimore, as Secretary (June 3). — Baltimore declares non-intercourse with Philadelphia (August 28). — Order of August 28 rescinded; City Council appeals for aid for destitute and sick at Fells Point (Octo- ber 2). 43 671 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1800. Population of Baltimore, 26,614; of the State, 341,548. — Dr. Douier, late of British Navy, settles at Fells Point ; Dr. L. M. Dunan arrives from France. Yellow fever at Fells Point. — Benevolent Society of Baltimore organized; suggested by Mrs. Eleanor Rogers, mother-in-law of Dr. Geo. Buchanan, primus. — Dr. J. J. Giraud publishes his for- mula for the prevention and cure of yellow fever; consists of ipecac, etc. — During the summer of this year Dr. John Crawford introduces vaccination into Baltimore, the virus being obtained from Mr. Ring, of London. This was con- temporary with its use by Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, of Cam- bridge, Mass., July 8 (see "Ring on Cowpox," 1801, p. 459). The supply of Crawford and Waterhouse was exhausted and Waterhouse's second supply arrived in 1801, simultaneously with a supply for Dr. James Smith, of Baltimore. — Philippe Ricord, celebrated French syphilographer, born at Baltimore. ' — Funeral rites of George Washington celebrated at Balti- more. Procession, address and services at Christ Church. Immense concourse of people (January i). — To prevent spread of epidemic, an encampment is opened for the sick north of the hospital (September 2). — Dr. James Smith opens his house to yellow fever sufferers. City authorities admit that the epidemic is yellow fever. Lime, ashes and lye to be used as disinfectants (September 5). — Annapolis and Alex- andria declare quarantine against Baltimore (September 8-12). ' — Pestilence has ceased; total deaths, 1197, viz: 978 adults, 219 children; by far the great majority of deaths occur in East Baltimore ; Legislature appropriates $2000, the city $3000 for the sufferers at Baltimore (October 27). — City Hospital about one-third completed and accommodates 130 patients; $3000 has been expended in addition to the State appropriation (November 13). 672 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths : Drs. Charles F. Stinnecke, Johnsey Doughady, Wesley Baker; John Purnell, at Snow Hill, December, set. 35. 1801. Lazaretto built on Point opposite Fort McHenry. — Baltimore General Dispensary founded, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. John Crawford ; 234 patients treated the first year (January 9). — Dr. James Smith, of Baltimore, vaccinates with virus procured from the physician of St. Pancras Hos- pital, London, by Mr. John Taylor, and sent by him to his brother, William Taylor, of Baltimore, who gives the supply to his family physician. Dr. M'iles Littlejohn, and he, to have it tested, gives it to Dr. Smith, who makes successful trial of it at Almshouse (M|ay i), first on the person of a child named Nancy Malcolm, and later upon others (Dr. Smith published the history of these cases in the Baltimore Tele- gram, December 5 and 8, 1801, and also in the Vaccine In- quirer, 1822). — Female Orphan Asylum opened (May 11). — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets in second session at Annapolis. Dr. Philip Thomas, of Fredericktown, elected President, vice Upton Scott declining reelection. Medical College proposed (June 9). — Nineteen licenses and certificates issued to June. Deaths: Drs. Lyde Goodwin, at Baltimore, aet. 76 (?) ; Wm. Lansdale, in St. Mary's County, March, set. 36; Gustavus Brown, in St. Mary's County, July 3, set. 57; R. L Duckett, in Prince George County, November. 1802. New Jail adjoining the Falls on Mill Street com- pleted. — Benjamin Henfrey, of Baltimore, first to discover a method of creating light by gas from wood. — A few cases of yellow fever at Baltimore. — Dr. James Smith establishes a Vaccine Institute at his residence (March 25) ; this institu- 673 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY tion, one of the objects of which was to provide vaccine virus gratuitously to the poor, was maintained by Dr. Smith at his own expense until 1832. The services of this physician in promoting the introduction and spread of this great boon and in repeatedly arresting epidemics of smallpox, entitle him to the eternal gratitude of this community. — The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets in special session at Baltimore. The President urges the establishment of a medical college and a committee is appointed to frame a plan ; vaccination officially endorsed (June 15). — Dr. John B. Davidge begins lectures on Anatomy, Surgery, Midwifery and Physiology (December 7) ; these lectures were continued annually until merged in the College of Medicine of Maryland in 1807. Deaths: Drs. Daniel Moores, at Baltimore, set. 57 ( ?) ; Thomas N. Stockett, in Anne Arundel County, May 16, aet. 54. Baltimore College chartered and by aid of lottery erected in Mulberry Street; Bishop Carroll, President of Board of Trustees, and Mr. James Priestley, Principal. — Balti- more becomes Metropolitan See of Roman Catholic Church in the United States.— Mount St. Mary's College at Emmitsburg organized. — Drs. Ennalls Martin, Tristram Thom.as and Stephen Theodore Johnson introduce vaccination into Talbot County. — Biennial meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty at Baltimore (June 3). Deaths : Drs. Ezekiel Haynie, at Princess Anne, Somerset County, set. 53 ; Edward Scott, at Galena, Kent County, Oc- tober; James Sullivan, in Dorchester County, July 3, set. 66. 1804. Penitentiary erected on Madison Street, near th'e York Road, largely through the efforts of Dr. John Crawford. — Bilious fever epidemic. — Cinchona bark four to six dollars 674 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY per pound. — Medical Society of Baltimore founded, with Dr. Dunkel as President, and Dr. Davidge as Secretary. — Dr. James Cocke, in his graduation thesis at the University of Pennsylvania, defends the propriety and practicability of ovariotomy. — Dr. Joseph Brevitt, of Baltimore, advertises as "man-midwife." Deaths : Drs. Gustavus R. Brown, at Port Tobacco, Sep- tember 30, set. 56; Edward Worrell, at Chestertown, October 18, set. 41 ; Howes Goldsborough, in Dorchester County, Oc- tober 20, set. 32. 1805. Dr. James Cocke begins practice at Baltimore. — First drug store established in Queen Anne's County ; kept by Dr. Benjamin Hall. — St. Mary's College, Baltimore, incor- porated as a University. — Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie reduce a dislocation of the shoulder of six months' standing and Dr. James Cocke one of four months' standing. — The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore ; Drs. Crawford and Davidge deliver orations; vaccination again endorsed; licenses to be granted to oculists when competent (June). — Malignant "bilious" fever prevails at Elkton, 80 being sick at a time (September and October. Described by Dr. A. A. Evans, "History of Cecil County," by Johnston). 1806. First line of packets between Baltimore and Phila- delphia, consisting of four sloops which ran to Frenchtown on Elk River, whence freight was carried by wagons to New- castle, Del., thence by water to Philadelphia. — Foundation of Cathedral at Baltimore laid, the first Cathedral erected in the United States (July 6). 1807. Influenza epidemic. — Dr. John Shaw, of Annapolis, settles at Baltimore and joins Drs. Davidge and Cocke in 675 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY instructing medical students, taking the Department of Chem- istry. — Union Bank built on North Charles Street. — Relief from drowning added to work of Baltimore General Dispen- sary. — Buildings of wood prohibited in the centre and im- proved parts of the city. — First stock purchased by Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (January i). Annual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore; resolu- tions passed dividing the State into medical districts with a view to the establishment of "district medical societies," for "the promotion of medical and chirurgical knowledge" (June i). — Dr. Davidge's Anatomical Hall, southeast corner of Lib- erty and Saratoga Streets, demolished by a mob. The physi- cians rally to Davidge's support and determine to apply to the Legislature for a charter for a medical college (November). —Medical College Bill passes Legislature (December i8). — Board of Regents of Medical College meets and organizes with Dr. George Brown as President, Solomon Birckhead as Treasurer, and James Cocke as Secretary. Dr. Davidge elected as Dean of the Faculty. Seven students this session (December 28). Death : Dr. Leven Irving, in Somerset County, April 8, set. 54. 1808. New Courthouse erected at Baltimore, old arched Courthouse pulled down and hill leveled. — Legislature grants a lottery of $40,000 for the benefit of the Medical College, after- wards increased to $100,000. — Baltimore General Dispensary incorporated ; has had 6263 patients tO' date. — Bishop John Carroll becomes first Catholic Archbishop in the United States. — Medical and Physical Recorder published by Dr. T. Watkins. — Yellow fever prevails in Pitt Street, Fells Point, in most malignant form. A prompt removal of the inhabitants by 676 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the advice of Dr. John Coulter, prevents its extension from this situation. — Dr. Edward Johnson elected Mayor. — Quar- antine suspended (March 17). — City leases Maryland Hos- pital for fifteen years to Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie (June 24). — Legislature grants lottery for $40,000 for benefit of Mary- land Hospital (December 24). Death: Dr. George Buchanan, at Lazaretto, Philadelphia, July 9, of yellow fever, set. 45. 1809. Punishment of death restricted to crimes of murder, arson, rape and treason. — Rockville Academy, Montgomery County, established. — New Courthouse at Baltimore completed and occupied. — Legislature grants authority for lottery to raise $100,000 to erect Washington Monument. — Legislature grants lottery in aid of Dr. James Smith's Vaccine Institute, but nothing ever realized from it. — Seventeen deaths from smallpox reported at Sharpsburg, due to use of spurious virus (September 13). Deaths : Drs. John Shaw, at sea on his way to the Bahamas in search of health, January 10, set. 30; Z. Magruder, in Mont- gomery County, December 2, set. 44. 1810. Population of city, 46,555 ; of State, 380,546. — Small- pox appears but is soon extinguished by vaccination through the efforts of Dr. James Smith and others. — Vaccine Society in aid of Institute organized by Bishop Carroll, Rev. Dr. Bend, William Gwynn, Esq., Dr. James Smith and others. — First public commencement of Medical College ; 5 graduates. ■^Dr. John Crawford reports a striking proof of the con- tagious nature of phthisis pulmonalis in a man and wife (Re- port of Censors of Baltimore, MS. Archives). — Dr. Crawford also notes relief in pertussis by vaccination. — Smallpox and 677 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY spotted fever at Baltimore. — Ninety deaths in city in Aug-ust from cholera infantum. Deaths: Drs. John Archer, in Harford County, September 28, a;t. 69 ; John Coats, at Easton, November 30, jet. 59. 1811. Dr. James Smith becomes Treasurer of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, giving $1500 bond. Dr. Solomon Birckhead being his security. — Medical and Philosophical LyccBwn, quarterly, published by Dr. N. Potter (one volume). Death : Dr. James Davidson, at Queenstown, June, set. 68. 1812. Mechanics Bank, corner Calvert and East (Fayette) Streets, Baltimore, built. — Legislature grants $5000 annually for three years to Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie, for completion of Maryland Hospital. Board of Visitors report hospital in good order, central building nearly completed, and accommo- dations provided for 100 patients. Dr. William Gibson, Con- sulting Surgeon and Drs. George Brown, Miles Littlejohn, Jdhn Coulter, J. C. White, John Crawford, Solomon Birck- head, Pierre Chatard, John Cromwell and Ashton Alexander, Consulting Physicians. — Dr. James Smith addresses a circular letter to each M. C. setting forth the advantages of vaccina- tion and enclosing virus. — Dr. John Crawford lectures on Natural History in Commerce Street. — West Nottingham Academy at Colora, Md., established. — One hundred and thirty-five deaths from smallpox from October, 181 1, to April, 1812, inclusive. — Medical Society of Baltimore organized (January 8). — Dr. James Smith extinguishes a threatened epi- demic of smallpox in Calvert County (January 26). — Jenne- rian Society organized, Bishop Kemp, President ; Dr. James Smith, Secretary (February 6). — The smallpox has subsided by May i and no deaths from it at Baltimore for four years 678 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY after this.— Medical College building on Lombard Street be- gun (May 7).— House of Industry (later, 1831,- House of Refuge) organized by Drs. Edward Johnson, James McHenry, George Roberts, James H. McCullough and others (February 1 4). —Thirty-eight leading physicians of the city offer to vacci- nate gratuitously and to pay each child presenting proof of genuine vaccination, twenty-five cents; Dr. James Smith dis- tributes virus and inspects vaccine marks free (February 16). —Dr. Edward Jenner, of England, tests Dr. James Smith's virus and finds it genuine (March 17).— Class of five gradu- ates at the Medical College ; these are the first graduates whose names were published (May 4).— War declared against Eng- land (June 18).— Newspaper riots at Baltimore; Dr. William Gibson ligates the common iliac artery, the first case on record (July 27).— Act founding University of Maryland passed by Legislature (December 29). Deaths : Drs. Jacob Hall, in Harford County, May 7, Jet. 65 ; Wm. Baker, at Georgetown; James Gray, in Calvert County, set. 66. 1813. Epidemic fever prevails in Talbot and Queen Anne's Counties, in winter and spring, described by Dr. Ennalls Mar- tin.— Masonic Hall, St. Paul Street, Baltimore, begun by aid of lottery.— Legislature authorizes the Chancellor to commit idiots and lunatics to Baltimore Hospital.— United States Gov- ernment establishes National Vaccine Institute at Baltimore, with Dr. James Smith as Agent.— University of Maryland organized (January 6).— The building on Lombard Street partly occupied during this session (April 22).— Meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (June 7, Federal Gazette).— First steamboat ever floated on Chesapeake Bay ('The Chesa- peake") makes a trip from Baltimore to Frenchtown on Elk 679 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY River (June 21); the vessel was built at Baltimore for the Union Line to Philadelphia. — The Faculty of the University of Maryland purchases Dr. Crawford's medical library from his widow (November). Deaths : Drs. C. A. Warfield, in Anne Arundel County, Janu- ary 29, set. 61; John Crawford, at Baltimore, May 9, set. 67; S. T. Johnson, at Easton, July 16; P. E. Noel, at Centerville, October 14, set. 45 ; James Cocke, at Baltimore, October 25. 1814. Beneficial Society for prevention of hydrophobia founded by Drs. Henry Wilkins, James Smith, William Don- aldson, Samuel Baker, James Page and Elisha DeButts (Jan- uary 26). — City extends lease of Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie for ten years, on certain conditions (March 21) ; by loans from State and by lotteries they erect centre brick building, four stories, 64 x 56 feet, and two wings, three stories, 120 x 36 feet each ; whole front, 300 feet. — "Medical men of Baltimore not attached as surgeons to regiments are notified to meet at Dr. Gibson's at 8 o'clock to organize a corps to follow the army if needed" (August 28). — Battle of North Point; General Ross, the British Commander, killed ; Dr. George Pitt Steven- son, aide to General Strieker, complimented for gallantry and efficiency in the battle (September 12). — Bombardment of Fort McHenry (September 13) ; 234 sick and wounded from the troops around Baltimore brought to the "Public Hospital." Deaths : Drs. Upton Scott, first President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, at Annapolis, February 23, in ninety- second year; Henry Stevenson, at Baltimore, March 31, set. 92; Josias Carvil Hall, set. 68. 1815. Brookville Academy founded. — Peace declared, city illuminated (January 15). — Epidemic in Charles and St. 680 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGIOAL FACULTY Mary-s Coumies (March ,4). -Corner-stone of Masonic Hall, St Paul Street, laid, Maximilian Godefroy, Architect (May 16) -Meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; Dr. En- nalls Martin elected President, Dr. John Arnest, Secretary; Dr Richard Wilmot Hall delivers oration in Anatomical Hall of the University on "The Law of Organization" (June 5)-- Corner-stone of Washington Monument laid on POund given by Col. John Eager Howard; the first erected to the Father of his Country" (July 4) -Foundation stone of Battle Monu- ment laid on site of old jail (September 12). Deaths; Drs. Brooke, at Port Tobacco, March ; Ph lip Thomas, at Fredericktown, April 25, «t. 67; Miles Littlejohn. 1816. Second Almshouse erected on Franklin Road, west of city occupied until 1866; in .865 it had 800 inmates.-Dr. James Smith memorializes Congress to extend benefits of vac- cination to Army and Navy.-Dr. P. K. Rogers, of Fells Point. Baltimore, persists in inoculating against the public remon- strance of Dr. James Smith. Dr. Smith notifies the public that although the Act of 1809 has expired, he will still furnish vaccine virus gratuitously to all.-Dr. James Smyth furnishes City Hospital with wax anatomical models at a cost of $20,000. They were made by Chiappi and embraced a male and female figure, of life size, the parts and organs of which were sepa- rable showing the internal organization, gravid uterus, etc. These models were destroyed in the burning of Peak's Mu- s.um, where they had been deposited.-Threatened smallpox epidemic at Baltimore stamped out by Dr. James Smith and others.-Same prevails in Dorchester and Queen Anne's Coun- ties where Drs. Robert Goldsborough, J. K. Harper and J. D Emory offer to vaccinate the poor gratuitously and by their zeal overcome the public prejudice against it.-Specie payment MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY resumed. — Act passed enlarging city ; as enlarged consists of parallelogram, 3}^ x 45^ square miles, including 10,000 acres, land and water and twelve wards. — Over $4,000,000, of $28,- 000,000 total, subscribed here to Bank of United States, of which a branch is established at Baltimore. — Dr. Skipwith Coale invents apparatus for 'fracture of clavicle, which is highly commended by Drs. Gibson and Davidge. — By petition to Legislature, the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty procures an Act allowing one censor in each of the counties to qualify the graduates of the respective medical schools who can show a genuine diploma, the act of the censors being as effectual as though the applicant had been qualified by the Board of one or other Shore. — The first gaslight company m the v/orld or- ganized at Baltimore ; gas works erected southwest corner of North and Saratoga Streets (June 17). — Sixth District Medi- cal Society founded at Easton, Talbot, Caroline and Queen Anne's Counties being represented by Drs. Ennalls Martin, Tristram Thomas, T. R. Moon, G. T. Martin, S. T. Kemp, Earle, Barnett, Rodgers, T. Denny, J. Young, Spedden and A. Thompson (November 5). — Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty in special session at Baltimore (December 16). Deaths : Drs. James McHenry, at Baltimore, May 3, set. 63 ; John Neill, at Snow Hill, June, set. dy ; William Somerville, set. 54. 1817. Regular steamboat line between Baltimore and An- napolis. — First Independent Christ's Church erected northwest corner Charles and Franklin Streets, Rev. Jared Sparks, minister. — Circular Baptist Church erected, northeast corner of Sharp and Lombard Streets. Old church and grounds on Pitt (Fell) Street are sold and bodies removed thence to ceme- tery southwest of city. — German Society incorporated. — Auxil- 682 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY iary Colonization Society incorporated to transfer free blacks to Africa. — Total mortality in city, 1323. — Legislature grants lottery scheme of $100,000 to Drs. Davidge, Potter, Baker, Gibson, McDowell and DeButts for benefit of the University (January 16). — Levy Courts authorized to send lunatics to Maryland Hospital, for each of whom the county is to be assessed $100, Chapter 78 (January 29).— Medical Society of Maryland incorporated. Dr. N. Potter, President, and other charter members Drs. E. DeButts, Samuel Baker, Tobias Wat- kins, Ezra Gillingham, John B. Caldwell, James Middleton, Maxwell McDowell, R. W. Hall and Thomas Hall (Peb- ruar}') ; first meeting held November i. — Old Belfry and St. Paul's Church, erected 1799, torn down and new church con- secrated ; lots sold and dead removed to burial ground in Ger- man Street (March 11). — Smallpox epidemic stamped out at Baltimore (May). — President Monroe visits Fort McHenry (June i). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, Dr. Ennalls Martin reelected. Plan for district n:iedical societies suggested (June 2). — Flood at Baltimore; six lives lost (August 8). Deaths : Drs. Abraham Mitchell, in Cecil County, Septem- ber 30, jet. 83; Henry Ploward, jet. 44; David Steuart. 1818. Baltimore Medical Society, connected with Univer- sity founded, Dr. Samuel Baker, President. — Seventy-five physicians at Baltimore. — Drs. Alexander and William H. Clendinen memorialize City Council of Baltimore to erect a Maryland Lying-in and Foundling Hospital, a bill for which had passed the House of Delegates but failed in the Senate (MS. City Archives). — Clinical Lectures delivered at City Hospital by Prof. N. Potter, with permission of Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie. — Law passed on petition of Medical and Ch.i- 683 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY rurgical Faculty repealing law of 1816, Chapter 141, and enact- ing that no one residing out of the State be allowed to practice therein without obtaining a license and being amenable to the same penalties as those within it. — First Savings Bank opened at Baltimore. — Baltimore Physical Association for promotion of natural science founded at Baltimore, Horace H. Hayden, Secretary. — Recti muscles of the eye divided for strabismus by Dr. Wm. Gibson. — Second or Eastern Dispensary at Fells Point, Baltimore, incorporated (February 16), Drs. Alexander and Wm. H. Clendinen being charter members ; the institu- tion had been in operation already two years. — Smallpox epi- demic at Baltimore averted by vaccination (October), Deaths : Col. Armistead, Defender of Fort McHenry, April 25 ; Drs. Arnold Elzey, at Washington, June 6, set. 60 ; Barton Tabbs, in St. Mary's County, October 13, £et. 61 ; Jos. Henry, set. 24 ; Charles Carroll ; James Middleton. 1819. Baltimore General Dispensary has 3987 patients dur- ing the year. Whole number treated from foundation, 30,663, of whom 25,388 were cured, 548 died ; the rest negligent, dis- missed, vaccinated. "It will be well if in 'these hard times' an establishment which has been so beneficial to the poor is continued with vigor to do good" {Niles' Register, March 29, 1820). — There are 83 physicians at Baltimore. — Dr. Edward Johnson again elected Mayor of the city.- — Dr. Wm. Gibson elected Professor of Surgery in the University of Pennsylva- nia, vice Professor Physick. — Drs. Ducatel, George Frick, Williamson and Macaulay meet in a room over a stable, in the rear of northwest corner of Lexington and St. Paul Streets and organize a society for the promotion of science. — Drs. H. W. Ducachet and D. M. Reese trephine a fractured skull for meningeal hemorrhage with temporary relief to the patient 684 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY (Cooper's Surgical Dictionary, American Edition, p. 363). — Dr. Wjilliam Zollickoffer issues one of the earliest American treatises on Materia Medica. — City Bank fails ; great financial distress. — Dr. James Smith inoculates with variolous matter, his two sons, nephew, ward and only daughter (all of whom he had previously vaccinated) at the bedside of a smallpox patient, to give public proof of his faith in the prophylactic virtues of vaccine virus (January 17, Federal Gazette, Decem- ber 18, 1821). — Meeting of delegates at Philadelphia (June i) to institute a National Pharmacopoeia; the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty represented. — Annual Convention of Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty at Baltimore ; Dr. Ennalls Martin reelected; 14 present (June 4). — Yellow fever, of which the city had been almost exempt for nineteen years, makes its appearance at Fells Point (July 21); 2287 deaths; epidemic ends October 20. — Meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty (July 31 and September 6) ; report on yellow fever. Deaths : Drs. Henry Skinner, set. 34 ; James Smyth, at Baltimore, January 17, set. 45; J. T. ShaafT, at Georgetown, May 3, set. 67 ; Elisha Harrison, at Washington, D. C, August 24, set. 57; James Murray, at Annapolis, December 17, set. 80; George Pitt Stevenson, at Baltimore, of yellow fever, 32t. 59 ; John O'Connor, at Baltimore, of yellow fever ; Clark, at Baltimore, of yellow fever. 1820. Medical Society of Baltimore incorporated (Chapter 105). — Report of yellow fever published for the benefit of the Second or Eastern Dispensary, the expense being borne by Dr. Edward Johnson, Mayor of Baltimore. — Population of city, 62,738; of State, 407,350. — Dr. H. G. Jameson, of Balti- more, successfully extirpates nearly the entire upper jaw, hav- 685 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ing first ligated the common carotid artery ; the first time the operation had ever been done. — Mr. Granville Sharp Pattison, of Glasgow, elected Professor of Surgery in the University of Maryland. — City Council appropriates $1560 to physicians of East Baltimore for services in yellovv^ fever epidemic of 1819 (March 2).— Dr. Robert Moore elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (June). — Sm.allpox brought to Baltimore from Liverpool in August ; 47 deaths. Deaths : Drs. James Moat Anderson, in Kent County, De- cember 8, ?et. 68; Oliver Bond, J. B. Caldvvfell, H. Dorsey, Josiah Henderson, all of yellovN^ fever. 1821. Instruction in Dentistry given at the University of Maryland. — Yellow fever at Fells Point. — Unauthorized physi- cians cannot collect their fees ; licensed physicians cannot associate themselves with unlicensed under penalty of $50 (Chapter 217).— Dr. Gibson invents apparatus for fracture of the thigh. — Dr. Jameson ligates the external iliac artery for aneurism. — Webster's Medical Library and Reading Room opened at 11 Sharp Street, with over 1000 volumes, — Medical Society of Maryland, Dr. Wm. Donaldson, President, requires preliminary examination in Anatomy and Medicine for its members. — Baltimore College reopened under Mr. L. H. Girardin (February 3). — Cathedral consecrated (May 31, completed 1865). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty at Baltimore, Dr. Robert Mjoore, President, 18 present (June 4). — -Smallpox epidemic at Baltimore stamped out by vaccination (September). — 'On the suggestion of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty six Vaccine Physicians are appointed for Baltimore, one for each ward, at a salary of $200 ; these were the first Vaccine Physicians appointed by the city (December 17). There were 1268 vaccinations. 686 J. R. VV. DUNBAR 1805-1871. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths: Drs. Thomas Love, at Cockeysvilk, March i, set. 67 ; Thomas Archer, in Harford County, Oictober 7, set. 53 ; William Kilty, Chancellor, of Maryland, at Annapolis, set. 63 ; Thomas Cradock, in Baltimore County, October 19, set. 69. 1822. Ovariotomy attempted at Baltimore by Dr. Jameson. — Dr. D. M. Reese successfully trephines the skull for epilep- toid convulsions. — Law establishing United States Vaccine Agency at Baltimore under Dr. James Smith, repealed. — Loan of $30,000 by State to University of Maryland. — Dr. Pierre Chatard taps a woman 76 times in 2>4 years, removing 871 quarts of water. — Dr. Wm. ZoUickoffer recommends prus- siate of iron in intermittents. — Drs. C. Mackenzie, George Frick and Patrick Macaulay deliver clinical lectures at the Maryland Hospital. — Vaccine Society reorganized, Dr. James Steuart President, Dr. James Smith, Secretary (January 28). — Vac- cine Inquirer issued. Dr. James Smith, Editor (March 15). — Dr. Samuel Annan, of Emmitsburg, performs the first re- corded case of tracheotomy in Maryland (April 5 and August 22). — Dr. Wm. Howard, of Baltimore, takes out a patent for a locomotive, the first in America (April 9). — Annual Conven- tion of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, Dr. Robert Moore, President (June) ; prize of $50 offered for essay on Cholera Infantum. — Dr. James Smith granted a pat- ent for a new and useful improvement in the art of vaccinating (July 10). — Jameson performs tracheotomy (September 2, see Recorder). — ]\Iasonic Temple on St. Paul Street dedicated by Grand Lodge (November 29). — Almshouse removed to Cal- verton, in the western suburbs of Baltimore ; 533 city and county paupers in it (December 2). Deaths : Drs. George Brown, at Baltimore, August 24, set. 67 ; Joseph Sim Smith, at Taneytown, September 5. 44 687 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1823. Athenaeum founded and books purchased. — \)r. Ed- ward Johnson elected Mayor for third time. — Drs. Davidg-e and R. W. Hall each tie the carotid for fungous growth in the antrum. — Dr. Wm. D. Macgill, of Frederick, ties both carotids in the same subject, at an interval of a month, for fungous tumor of the eyes with relief ; this was the first time the double operation had been done in America. — Dr. Davidge removes the entire parotid. — The Pattison-Cadwallader duel is fought in Delaware. — Dr. Annan again performs tracheotomy (March 25). — Dr. Jameson performs tracheotomy for foreign body (May 15 and again in September). — Baltimore Infirmary (Uni- versity Hospital) completed and occupied (October 20) ; lec- tures held October 2y; one of the four wards devoted to Dis- eases of the Eye. Deaths : Drs. Reverdy Ghiselin, in Prince George County, set. 58 ; John W. Dorsey, at Liberty, Frederick County, set. 73 ; S. L. P. Roberts, at Baltimore ; WHlliam Bantz, at Frederick, March 10, set. 33; John Coulter, at Baltimore, May 24, set. 22; William Beanes, Jr., at Upper Marlboro, October 12, set. 74. 1824. Indigent Sick Society organized. — Dr. George Prick publishes the first treatise on Diseases of the Eye by an Ameri- can, and establishes an Eye Dispensary in connection with the Baltimore Dispensary. — Jameson excises the cervix uteri, the first time in Great Britain or America (May). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Balti- more (June 7). — Degree of LL.D. conferred on Lafayette at the University of Maryland (October 9). Deaths : Drs. John Owen, at Baltimore, October, set. 49 ; Thomas Hamilton, at Baltimore, set. 60. 1825. Maryland Institute incorporated ; lectures delivered by Drs. Revere and Ducatel. — Barnum's Hotel erected, Calvert MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY and Fayette Streets, Baltimore. — Public free school system established at Baltimore. — The State seizes the University of Maryland, turns out the Regents and places the institution in the hands of Trustees. — Dr. Ephraim McDowell, the father of ovariotomy, receives Hon. M.D. of the University. — Dr. Wm. D. Macgill performs the first lithotomy in Washington County (December 27, Hagerstown Torchlight). Deaths : Drs. John Bowie, of Montgomery County ; Cosmo G. Stevenson, at Baltimore, set. 40 ; Christian Taylor ; Ezra Gillingham, at Baltimore ; S. Gittings, in Harford County ; Zechariah Clagett, in Washington County, January 28, set. 64. 1826. Hebrews become freemen in Maryland. — Joshua I. Cohen and Solomon Etting the first Hebrews elected to ofiice. — Academy of Sciences and Literature of Maryland reorgan- ized and incorporated. — Legislature authorizes erection of buildings for Maryland Hospital on Broadway, which, by re- linquishment of claim of city, becomes a State Institution. — Dr. Duncan Turnbull lectures on Anatomy and Surgery on North Paca Street. — Dr. Robert Goldsborough, of Queen Anne's County, elected President of the Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty (June) ; prize of $100 awarded (see 1822). Deaths : Drs. Robert Hulse ; J. W. Daly ; Edward White. at Cambridge, March 23, set. 71 ; Mathias Jones, at Princess Anne, May 8, ast. 58 ; William C. Miller, at Elkton, October 3. 1827. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad incorporated, the first in the United States (February 28). — Dr. Nathan R. Smith, of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, elected to the Chair of Surgers' in the L^niversity of Maryland, vice Prof. Gran- ville S. Pattison. who had gone to London the year before (March 13). — Washington College, of Washington, Pa., 689 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY authorizes the establishment of a medical school at Baltimore, with the following- faculty : H. G. Jameson, Surgery ; S. K. Jennings, Materia Medica ; W. W. Handy, Obstetrics ; James H. Miller, Practice ; S. Annan, Anatomy and Physiology ; J. W. Vethake, Chemistry (April 25) ; the lectures begin the following fall on Holliday Street, opposite the City Hall. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty con- venes at Athenaeum, Baltimore (June 4). — During following winter, the weather was so mild that no ice was gotten here ; in the summer of 1828 several cargoes were brought here from the North (for the first time) and sold for $1 per bushel. — Northern Central Railroad incorporated. Deaths : Drs. John Rumsy, in Harford County ; John P. Ahl, at Baltimore, July 13, set. 79 ; Henry Keerl, at Baltimore, July 16, ast. 72; George Roberts, at Baltimore, August 2; Colin Mackenzie, September i, set. 52. 1828. Canton Company organized and lays out streets for addition to city. — Shot Tower erected, corner Front and Pitt Streets, 234 feet high. — Prof. N. R. Smith performs myot- omy for torticollis. — Duel at Bladensburg between two medi- cal students of the University, Samuel J. Carr, of South Carolina, and Wm. Bond Martin, of Maryland ; the latter is instantly killed (February 2). — Service for general diseases at Maryland Hospital discontinued and admission limited to the insane; the title thenceforth changed to "Maryland Hospital for the Insane." — Annual Convention of Medical and Chir- urgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June 2). — Corner-stone of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at the Viaduct laid by Charles Carroll, of Carrollton (July 4). — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal begun. President Adams breaking ground (July 4). 690 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths : Drs. P. K. Rogers, at Williamsburg, Va. ; John Huston, at Salisbury, January 23, set. 59. 1829. Peak's Mtiseum, North HolHday Street, bought by the city for a City Hall. — ^Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore; Prof. N. R. Smith, orator (June i). — Maryland Medical Recorder, a quarterly periodical, begun at Baltimore by Dr. Jameson. — Centenary celebration of found- ing of the city. First stone laid of Northern Central Railroad, at new limits of city (August 8). — Chesapeake and Delaware Canal opened (October 17). — Statue of Washington raised to top of monument (November 25). — Thirty-seven persons are drawn in a car on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad by one horse at the rate of ten miles an hour ''to the astonishment of a multitude of spectators." Deaths : Drs. Jos. A. Beall, of Prince George County ; J. B. Taylor; Edward Johnson, at Baltimore, April 19, set. 62; Elijah Davis, in Harford County, June 29, set. 68; J. B. Dav- idge, at Baltimore, August 23, set. 61. 1830. Population of city, 80,625 ; of State, 447,040. — House of Reformation incorporated. — Prof. N. R. Smith publishes account of posterior suspensory splint for treatment of frac- tures of leg; also of instruments for seizing arteries in ligating. — Prof. N. R. Smith begins publication of The Baltimore Monthly Journal of Medicine (February i). — Annual Conven- tion of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, 33 present ; Dr. Robert Goldsborough reelected President. Li- brary founded, $500 being appropriated on motion of Dr. Samuel Baker (June 7). — First journey by steam in the United States made at Baltimore by Peter Cooper (August 28). — Organization of University of Maryland Faculty of Arts and Sciences (September 8). 691 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths : Drs. J. W. Anderson, in Liberia, Atrica, set. 28 ; John D. Godman, at Philadelphia, April 17, set. 35 ; John Groome, at Elkton, May 18, set. 61 ; James M. Anderson, Jr., at Chestertown, May 31, set. 56; William Coskery, at Balti- more, October. 1831. Retro-vaccination of the cow performed by Dr. H. G. Jameson, Consulting Physician to Board of Health of Balti- more and virus thus obtained successfully used ; 4000 vacci- nated during year. — Dr. J. K. Sappington, of Havre de Grace, uses ergot in obstetrical practice. — Committee appointed by Censors of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty to prosecute un- licensed graduates of University of Maryland ; Mr. McM'ahon employed as counsel, fee $50. — Dr. N. R. Smith invents his lithotomy gorget. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore, 34 present ; Dr. Robert Goldsborough reelected President; prize of $100 offered for best treatise on Malaria in 1827 awarded to Dr. C. Caldwell. Deaths : Drs. N. Hammond, at Easton, set. 36 ; John Harper, at Baltimore, January ; Elisha DeButts, at Baltimore, April 3, set. 57. 1832. Washington Medical College of Baltimore is incor- porated by the Legislature (Laws of Maryland, Chapter 187). — The Medico-Chirurgical Society of Baltimore, through its Committee of Honor, S. Baker, M'. McDowell and Thos. H. Wright, frames a code of ethics, which is among the first in the United States. — Prof. N. R. Smith publishes his work on "The Surgical Anatomy of the Arteries." — The Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore. — Early in July cholera appears in the city ; a quarantine law is passed by the City Council, July 7 ; the disease is not recognized till August 4 ; 692 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the last case occurs November 4. Total deaths in city for year, 3572 ; of which 853 were from cholera and ^9 from small- pox. Death rate, 42.02 per 1000. There is typhus fever in the City Jail. The cholera spreads over the State. Special cholera hospitals founded and put under charge of Drs. George B. Mackenzie, John Carrere and A. L. Warner. — City appro- priates $10,000 to check the epidemics. — Dr. Duncan Turnbull makes the first posL-mortems of cholera cases. — Hannah Moore Academy established at Lutherville. Deaths : Drs. George E. Mitchell, at Washington, June 28, ast. 51 ; John Cromwell, at Baltimore, September 14, set. 68. 1833. Magnificent meteoric display. — Dr. Robley Dungli- son, of the University of Virginia, becomes Professor of Ma- teria Medica, etc., in the University of Maryland. — Hygiene and jN'Iedical Jurisprudence introduced at the same school and dissection made compulsor}^ — The Baltimore Medical and Sur- gical Journal and Reviezv begun by Prof. Eli Geddings ; title changed in 1834 to North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science. Suspended 1835. Deaths : Drs. Charles Swearingen, at Cumberland ; John T. Rees, at Philadelphia, set. 53 ; W^m. D. Macgill, at Hagerstown, March 13, ast. 30; Richard Pindell, at Lexington, Ky., March 20, set. 78. 1834. All physicians required to report their smallpox cases, under penalty of having their names published. 71 deaths from smallpox. — Dr. John P. Mackenzie's lease of Mary- land Hospital expires. Dr. R. S. Steuart appointed President and Superintendent, which position he held for nearly the re- mainder of his life (March 7). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, 32 present ; Dr. 693 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Robert Goldsborough, President ; Dr. Fonerden declines reelec- tion as Recording- Secretary and Dr. R. A. Durkee is elected. Deaths : Drs. Jo'hn D. Emory, at Centerville, set. 55 ; Joseph Allender, at Baltimore, set. 64 ; William Hilleary, in Frederick County, March 15, ast. 58; William Howard, at Baltimore, August 25, set. 40; Ennalls Martin, at Easton, December 16, ast. 76. 1835. Dr. J. C. S. Monkur erects his Fells Point Institute on South Ann Street, between Canton Avenue and Aliceanna Street (now a public school). — Dr. John P. M'ettauer, of Vir- ginia, appointed Professor of Surgery in Washington Medical College, Baltimore, vice Jameson, removed to Cincinnati. — Dr. William Gibson performs Csesarean section, saving mother and child. — Athenseum at Baltimore burned and archives of Maryland Academy of Sciences destroyed (February 7). Deaths : Drs. Thomas Boyer, at Tiffin, O. ; Wm. Donaldson, at Baltimore, January 14, set. 56; Samuel Baker, at Baltimore, October 16, set. 50. 1836. Academy of Sciences reorganized. Dr. P. Macaulay, President. — Flood at Baltimore ; several lives lost. — Dr. J. C. S. Monkur elected Professor of Theory and Practice of Medi- cine at Washington Medical College, Baltimore. — Meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty at Baltimore ; Dr. Maxwell McDowell elected President. Deaths : Drs. J. Haines M'cCullough, Jr. ; Wilson Waters, in Anne Arundel County, February 5, set. yy ; James Ander- son, at Rockville, May 9, set. 76; Charles Worthington, at Georgetown, September 10, set. 79 ; John Woolford, in Somer- set County, November 15, set. 76; Solomon Birckhead, at Bal- timore, November 30, set. 75. 694 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1837. Flood at Baltimore ; 25 drowned. — Maryland Acad- emy of Sciences publishes its first volume of Transactions. — Faculty of Physic of University of Maryland withdraws from control of Trustees and forms a separate school, occupying the old Indian Queen Hotel, corner Baltimore and Hanover Streets. The Regents institute suit for recovery of their rights under the charter. The Trustees fill the vacancies with a new faculty: Drs. J. F. May, of Washington, H. W. Baxley and others and continue the courses. — Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar elected Professor of Surgery in Washington Medical College, vice Mettauer resigned. — Deaths from smallpox, 52. — Dr. Horace H. Hayden delivers dental lectures at the University of Maryland. — Dr. Wm. Gibson performs Csesarean section a second time on a patient, with successful result. — Baltimore Sun issued. May 17. Death : Dr. Edward Gannt, in Kentucky, aet. 96. 1838. The Legislature appropriates $20,000 to Maryland Hospital for the Insane. — Dr. N. R. Smith removes the parotid gland; resigns his Chair at the University of Maryland and accepts Chair of Practice at Transylvania University, Lexing- ton, Ky. — The Faculty of Washington Medical College occu- pies its new building on Broadway (now Church Home and Infirmary). It cost $40,000 and was provided with a general and a marine hospital. — Deaths from smallpox in city, 71. — Legislature passes an Act (Chapter 30) granting authority to Thompsonians or Botanic physicians to charge and receive compensation for their services and medicine, thus depriving the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of its chartered rights. There can be little doubt that the Court of A.ppeals would have decided in favor of the Faculty had this case been brought before it, as it did in favor of the Regents of the University 695 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY this same winter. — Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad organized (February 5). — First steamer leaves Balti- more for Europe (May 20). Deaths : Drs. Henry Hunt, at Washington, set. 56 ; Samuel Young, at Hagerstown, set. 99 ; Charles A. Beatty, at George- town, October 13, set. 76. 1839. Baltimore Medical Institute founded by Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar, at 151 West Lombard Street, second door from Hanover Street. — Court of Appeals decides in favor of Re- gents, who resum.e control of the University Buildings. — Dr. H. Willis Baxley removes lower jaw for osteosarcoma. — Balti- more College of Dental Surgery incorporated, the first in the world. Faculty: Drs. H. H. Hayden, Chapin A. Harris, Thomas E. Bond, Jr., and H. Willis Baxley. — Washington Medical College of Baltimore made a University by Act of Legislature. Resident students admitted to the Hospital (March 6). — Drs. Chapin A. Harris, of Baltimore, and Eleazer Parm- ley, of New York, dentists, found the first journal in America devoted exclusively to Dentistry, the American Journal of Dental Science (June). — Maryland Medical and Surgical Jour- nal, a quarterly, founded by the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty (October) ; published until March, 1843. — Mercantile Library Association instituted (November 13). — Manual Labor School organized. Dr. Dunbar, Chairman (December 16). Deaths : Drs. J. James Giraud, at Baltimore, set. 80 ; Joseph Brevitt, at Baltimore, April 15, set. 70; Wm. H. Clendinen, at Baltimore, November 6, set. 67. 1840. Population of city, 102,313; of State, 470,019. — Course at University of Maryland lengthened to six months. — Mount Hope Retreat for the Insane founded. — East Balti- 696 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY more Lyceum and Franklin Institute of Natural History es- tablished. — Eye and Ear Infirmary established at 88 North Howard Street, by Drs. J. I. Cohen and S. Chew (January). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June i). — Alaryland College of Pharmacy organ- ized by Drs. S. G. Baker, W. E. A. Aikin and Wm. Riley representing the Faculty, and Messrs. John Hill, George W. Andrews, Thomas G. Mackenzie, David Stewart, H. B. Atkin- son, J. N. W. Gordon, John Chapman and Robert H. Coleman representing the Pharmacists of Baltimore (June 8). Deaths: Drs. Mifflin Coulter, at Baltimore, October 12, set. 41 ; Samuel H. Lyon, at Booneville, Mo., October 12, set. 40. 1841. Seven Vaccine Physicians appointed. — Prof. N. R. Smith resumes the Chair of Surgery at the University. — In- struction given there in auscultation and percussion for the first time by Dr. Wm. Power. — Maryland College of Phar- macy incorporated (January 17) ; there were 17 incorporators and at first the lectures were delivered by the members in turn (January 27). — Annual meeting of the Medical and Chirurgi- cal Faculty held at Baltimore ; Dr. Joel Hopkins elected Presi- dent (June). Deaths : Drs. S. S. Dickinson, at Trappe, Talbot County, set. 70; Wm. N. Baker, at Baltimore, February 16, set. 30; James Smith, at Pikesville, June 12, set. 70; S. G. Baker, at Baltimore, August i, set. 26; Morgan Brown, in Kent County, October 6, set. 72; John Tyler, at Fredericktown, October 15, ffit. 78. 1842. Dr. Joseph Robey elected Professor of Anatomy at the University of Maryland. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June). — First Com- 697 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY mencement of Maryland College of Pharmacy held with three graduates (June 21). — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad opened to Cumberland (November 3). — Mercantile Library incor- porated; opened November 17. Deaths: Drs. Wm. McPherson, in Charles County, set. 36; Maurice Morrison, at Havana, September 14, set. 35 ; Edward Scott, in Kent County, October i, set. 56; Wm. R. Fisher, at Philadelphia, October 25, set. 34. 1843. Total vaccinated, 2655. — Dr. Elisha Bartlett becomes Professor of Practice at the University of Maryland. — Im- peachment and trial of Professor Richard Wilmot Hall by his colleagues at the University of Maryland for incompetency and violation of regulations. He is acquitted by the Regents, A personal encounter follows between him and Prof. N. R. Smith. — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty convenes in annual session at Baltimore (June). Death: Prof. Nathaniel Potter, at Baltimore, January 2, set. 'J2. 1844. Lectures of the Maryland College of Pharmacy de- livered at the University of Maryland, Dr. David Stewart, the first Professor of Pharmacy in the United States; these lectures were continued until 1847, when they were sus- pended. — Mount Hope College, North Avenue and Bolton Street, purchased and opened as a hospital for the insane by Sisters of Charity. — Maryland Historical Society organized. — Dr. Colton exhibits the use of "laughing gas" (nitrous oxide) at Assembly Rooms, and shows its application to Dentistry. — Alumni Association of University of Maryland School of Medicine organized. Dr. George W. M'iltenberger, President. ' — College of St. James, Washington County, established. — 698 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Electric telegraph completed between Baltimore and Wasfiing- ton and the first message ever transmitted by this method sent over the wire (May 24). Deaths: Drs. H. H. Hayden, at Baltimore, January 26, ^et. 74; G. W. Purnell, at Berlin, Md., May 18, set. 67; Samuel Thompson, in Queen Anne's County, September 6, ^t. 67. 1845. Experiments to procure vaccine virus from the cow by both variolation and vaccination made this and the follow- ing years by Dr. W. T. Leonard, City Physician.— Smallpox epidemic in the city, no deaths. Dr. William Power assumes charge of the Chair of Practice at the University in the absence of Professor Bartlett. — Baltimore buys 122 acres of land on the south side of the Patapsco River, opposite Fort McHenry, for a smallpox hospital at $2500. This was abandoned in 1858 for a new site at Hawkins Point. — Course on Operative Sur- gery begun at the University of Mar3dand.— Maryland His- torical Society chartered. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June 2).— Naval Academy located at Annapolis (October 10). Deaths: Drs. Thomas S. Fassitt, in Worcester County, jet. 80 ; James Steuart, at Baltimore, set. 90. 1846. Each city ward to have a Vaccine Physician. — Dis- pensaries required to keep virus on hand. — Smallpox epidemic, J 15 deaths.— Dr. Wm. T. Leonard, City Physician, variolates and vaccinates cows with success. — Dr. Alexander H. Bayly, of Cambridge, successfully uses the horseshoe magnet in remov- ing a spicule of iron from the eye. — Convention of "The Fac- ulty from the different States" to devise plan for the improve- ment of medical education held at New York City (May). It was first intended to hold this meeting at Baltimore and 699 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY the Executive Committee had been directed to issue notices to that effect (see Transactions of 1848). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore ; Dr. N. R. Smith delivers the annual oration (June i). 1847. Smallpox epidemic at Baltimore. — Southern Dispen- sary founded. — Maryland Medical Institute, a preparatory school of high rank, founded at Baltimore by Drs. C. Frick, E. W. Theobald, D. Stewart and C. Johnston, at corner of Fayette Street and Elbow Alley. — Maryland Institute reor- ganized by J. H. B. Latrobe ; first exhibition held in Washing- ton Hall. — Course on Pathology begun at the University. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June) ; effort to secure registration of births, deaths and marriages in the State. — Medical reform adopted by the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty as recommended by the American Medical Association (July). Deaths : Drs. A. Pue, at Baltimore, set. 71 ; Charles Maguire, at Baltimore ; Maxwell McDowell, at Baltimore, set. 76 ; Henry Wilkens, in Baltimore County, set. 80; A. L. Warner, at Richmond, Va., May 5 ; John Revere, at New York, May 7, set. 60; Tristram Thomas, at Easton, August 5, set. 'j'j; R. W. Hall, at Baltimore, September 14, set. 62. 1848. Dr. Thomas L. Murphy performs the first ovariot- omy at Baltimore ; the patient recovers and lives many years. ' — First annual meeting of the American Medical Association held at Baltimore, at Second Universalist Church, East Balti- more Street (May 2). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore ; Dr. R. Steuart elected President. Fee table of Miedico-Chirurgical Society adopted (June 5). — Baltimore Athenseum opened with inaugural ad- 700 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY dress by Mr. Brantz Mayer (Ofctober 23). — Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty in session regarding- cholera. Report of Com- mittee recommending measures of protection, etc., Dr. Theo- bald, Chairman (November 3 and 13). Deaths : Drs. R. A. Durkee, set. about 48 ; Upton H. Berry- man ; P. Chatard, at Baltimore, January 5, get. 80. 1849. Annapolis has 3500 inhabitants. — First National Council of Roman Catholic Bishops meets at Baltimore (May 6). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore; Dr. Peregrine Wroth elected President (June 6). — Cholera at Baltimore Almshouse (July 11). Of 669 inmates, 155 are attacked and 86 die. One-half of the male inmates are attacked while only 4 per cent, of the females suffer. As soon as its source, a foul sewer, is discovered and removed, the epidemic ceases (Buckler). Only four cases in the city, the m.easures suggested by Dr. Buckler and en- forced by the city saving it. There are also 83 cases of typhus fever at the Almshouse and 39 deaths — Washington University Medical School removed from Broadway to New Assembly Rooms, northeast corner Lombard and Hanover Streets (September 17). — Edgar A. Poe dies at Baltimore (October 7). — Baltimore Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poor organized (December 17). Deaths : Drs. Wm. A. Clendinen, at New Orleans, ast. about 40 ; Christopher Todd, in Baltimore County, March 30, set. 86 ; J. T. Ducatel, at Baltimore, April 23, set. 52 ; P. Macaulay, at Baltimore, September, set. 57 ; Robert Goldsborough, at Center- ville, September 30, set. 76. 1850. Frick's work on ''Renal Affections" appears. — Popu- lation of city, 169,054; of State, 583,034, with 990 physicians. 701 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY ' — Medical and Surgical Society founded "for the furtherance of social intercourse in the profession;" meets monthly. — 153 deaths from smallpox. — Baltimore Infirmary enlarged. — Dr. C. Frick shows that dumb-bell crystals in the urine are not char- acteristic of oxalate of lime alone as Bird had taught, but that uric acid may also produce them. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Easton ; Dr. Richard S. Steuart elected President (June 3). —Inoculation prohibited at Baltimore by city ordinance (June 17). 1851. There were 104 deaths from smallpox in the city and 80 at the Marine Hospital. Twenty Vaccine Physicians ap- pointed. Total vaccinations, 3738 (Q.). — Baltimore City and County separated. — Dr. T. H. Buckler publishes work on cholera epidemic of 1849. — Corner-stone of Maryland Insti- tute laid (March 13). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore; Dr. S. B. Martin, Orator; Dr. W. W. Flandy elected President (June 4). — Building of Washington University on Broadway and Lom- bard Street sold for debt and the institution closed. Deaths : Drs. E. W. Theobald, at Baltimore, March 24, aet. 32 ; G. S. Pattison, at New York, November 12, aet. 60. 1852. Catalogue of Library published. — Young Men's Christian Association organized at Baltimore. — Measles epi- demic. — New site, Spring Grove near Catonsville, selected for Maryland Hospital for Insane. — Dr. S. Chew elected to Chair of Practice at University of Maryland. — Two cases of cholera reported. — First Plenary Council of Roman Catholic Church meets at Baltimore (May). — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore; Dr. j\I. S. Baer elected President (June 2). 702 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths: Drs. George Lynn, at Cumberland, set. 96; J. B. Rogers, at Philadelphia, June 15, £et. 50; William Power, at Baltimore, August 15, set. 39. 1853. Scarlet fever epidemic. — Sheppard Insane Asylum founded and endowed with $500,000. — Yellow fever at Fells Point; 18 deaths. — Loyola College founded at Baltimore by Jesuits, taking the place of St. Mary's College, henceforth limited to theological students. — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad opened to Ohio River (January 10). — Institution for Blind incorporated at Baltimore (May 19). — Annual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, Dr. John L. Yeates elected President. Great Revival of the Society. Last attendance of a charter member (A. Alexander). Pub- lication of Transactions begun (June i). — Baltimore Patho- logical Society founded by Drs. Stewart, Pottinger, Frick, Murdoch, Turner, Donaldson, Johnston, T. H. Buckler and Van Bibber. Deaths: Drs. Wm. ZolHckofTer, in Carroll County, set. 60; Philip Trapnall, at Harrodsburg, Ky., January 31, set. 80; James H. Miller, May 25, aet. 65. 1854. Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Me- chanic Arts erected. — Twenty-six deaths from smallpox in the city and 95 at the Marine Hospital (O.). — Dr. Wm. H. Clen- dinen establishes a special dispensary at the northeast corner of Walsh and Biddle Streets, which he attends for two years. — Protestant Union Infirmary opened. — Church Home opened in old Washington University Building on North Broadway, by Protestant Episcopal Church. — Two deaths from cholera reported. — Compulsory Courses in Experimental Physiology and Microscopy introduced at University of Maryland. — Yel- low fever again at Fells Point ; 40 cases, with 20 deaths. 45 703 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths: Drs. Joseph F. Perkins, at Baltimore, aet. 48; D. W. B. McClellan, at Baltimore, May, aet. 48 ; J. D. Readel, at Baltimore, May 31, set. 64; M'. S. Baer, at Baltimore, June 8, aet. 59; S. K. Jennings, at Baltimore, October 19, set. 83. 1855. Total vaccinated, 3910. — Baltimore subscribes $36,- 683 for yellow fever sufferers at Norfolk and Portsmouth. — Dr. C. Johnston publishes a paper on the auditory apparatus of the mosquito. — Dr. W. C. Van Bibber publishes an analysis of 4300 cases of labor from the practice of Dr. P. Chatard. — Medico-Chirurgical Society of Baltimore, which had suspended in 1838, reorganized (January 11). — First steam fire engine at Baltimore (February i). — Annual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June). Dr. Jacob Baer elected President. Committee appointed on motion of Dr. Donaldson, to secure Act for registration of births, mar- riages and deaths (Legislature memorialized upon the subject ineffectually). — Board of Health of Baltimore (Drs. Kemp, Houck and Oilman) visits Norfolk and Portsmouth to investi- gate the yellow fever epidemic (July 28). They determine it is of local origin and non-contagious, and having cleaned the city throw it open to all refugees. Twenty-six refugees from Norfolk die here of yellow fever, but not a single resident of Baltimore contracts the disease. Deaths: Drs. E. Bartlett, in Rhode Island, aet. 51 ; A. Alex- ander, at Baltimore, February, aet. 83 ; H. G. Jameson, at New York City, August 24, set. 'jy\ J. H. Briscoe, at Baltimore, September, aet. 65 ; Tobias Watkins, at Washington, Novem- ber 4, aet. 74; H. A. Stinnecke, at Baltimore, December 21. 1856. Maryland College of Pharmacy reorganized with following faculty: Dr. L. H. Steiner, Chemistry; Dr. Charles 704 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Frick, Materia Medica; Israel J. Grahame, Pharmacy. — An- nual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Balti- more, Dr. C. C. Cox elected President. Deaths: Drs. S. T. Kemp, at Trappe, Talbot County; Thomas E. Bond, at New York City, March 14, set. 74 ; Pere- grine Warfield, at Georgetown, July 24, set. 'j'j. 1857. Peabody Institute founded at Baltimore by George Peabody.— Rock Hill College at Ellicott City founded.— Total vaccinated, 4121. — Mieasles and scarlet fever epidemic. — Dr. A. B. Arnold reports three cases of scleroderma. — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty holds annual meeting at Frederick; Dr. Cohen elected President. Deaths: Drs. W. R. Handy, at Baltimore, set. 46; W. B. Keene, in Louisiana, April 9, set. 82; R. H. Archer, in Har- ford County, May 19, set. 81. 1858. 310 deaths from smallpox in city; total vaccinated, 8576. — Maryland College of Pharmacy occupies hall of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty from 1858 to 1861, and issues a quar- terly Journal and Transactions. — Second annual meeting- of National Quarantine Convention held at Baltimore. — Dr. George W. Miltenberger becomes Professor of Obstetrics and Dr. Charles Frick of Materia Medica at the University of Maryland. — Annual Convention of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore ; occupation of new hall at 47 North Calvert Street marks the first possession by the Faculty of its own building; Dr. Joel Hopkins elected President. Deaths : Drs. Frederick Dorsey, in Waslfmgton County, Oc- tober 26, xt. 84; John A. Beucke. near Catonsville, October 14, set. 60. 70s MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1859. Maryland Inebriate Asylum founded. — Dr. W. M. Kemp elected President of National Quarantine Convention at New York City (April). — Corner-stone of Peabody Institute laid (April i6). — Annual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore (June) ; Dr. G. C. M. Roberts elected President and holds office until his death in 1870. — First city passenger cars run on Broadway (July 12). Death: Dr. J. Addison, at Baltimore. 1860. Population of city, 212,418; of State, 687,049. — Dr. Edward Warren, Professor of Materia Medica, and Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, of Anatomy and Physiology, at University of Maryland. — Dr. S. T. Knight invents a forceps and also a ring for fractured patella. — Dr. N. R. Smith publishes his anterior splint. — Executive Committee, Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty holds an annual meeting in place of the Society (June 20). — Opening of Druid Hill Park (October 19). Deaths: Drs. C. A. Harris, at Baltimore, set. 54; R. H. Thomas, at Baltimore, January 15, set. 54; C. Frick, at Balti- more, March 25, ast. 36; Joseph Roby, at Baltimore, June 3, set. 53 ; B. M. Byrne, at Charleston, S. C, September 6, set. 53. 1861. Naval Academy removed to Newport and buildings used as a hospital.' — St. John's College suspended and occu- pied by Federal troops. — 225 deaths in city from smallpox (Q.). — Baltimore Special Dispensary organized. — Baltimore Journal of Medicine founded by Dr. Warren ; bimonthly, three numbers issued (January). — President Lincoln passes through city to Washington in disguise (February 22). — Sixth Massa- chusetts Regiment passes through Baltimore ; first blood shed in Civil War; 4 soldiers and 12 citizens killed (April 19). — Federal troops occupy city (May 13). — Executive Committee of Faculty holds annual meeting (June 5). 706 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths : Drs. A. Clendinen, at Baltimore, set. 75 ; D. M. Reese, at New York, May 13, ast. 61. 1862. Dr: R. McSherry becomes Lecturer on Materia Medica in the University. — Battle of Antietam (September 17). 1863. 252 deaths from smallpox at Baltimore. — Dr. S. T. Knight procures vaccine virus by variolating the cow. — Mary- land Academy of Sciences reorganized (January 22). — Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3). Death : Dr. S. Chew, at Baltimore, December 25, aet. 57. 1864. St. Joseph's Hospital founded at Baltimore. — 436 deaths from smallpox in the city; total vaccinated, 60ZJ4. — State Vaccine Agency established. — Dr. R. McSherry becomes Professor of Practice of Medicine, Dr. C. Johnston Professor of Anatomy and Physiology and Dr. S. C. Chew Professor of Materia Medica in the University of Maryland. — Samuel Ready Orphan Asylum incorporated at Baltimore with $360,- 000 endowment (February 6). — National Union Convention meets at Baltimore and renominates Lincoln for President (June 7). — Battle of Monocacy (June 9). — Slavery abolished in Maryland (November i). Death : Dr. John P. Mackenzie, at Baltimore, January 14, set. 62,. 1865. Hicks Plospital (named from the Governor of Mary- land) founded at Baltimore. Deaths : Drs. C. B. Gibson, at Richmond, set, 49 ; W. W. Handy, set. 80; L. Birckhead, at Baltimore, September 2, set. 71 ; F. E. B. Hintze, at Wilmington, Del., October 12, set. 62. 1866. Instruction in specialties introduced at the Univer- sity of Maryland. Dr. W. C. Van Bibber delivers the first 707 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY clinic there on Diseases of Children and inaugurates the out- door, department. — Naval Academy restored to Annapolis and St. John's College reopened. — Bayview Asylum (Baltimore Almshouse) east of city occupied; cost $500,000. — New Mount Hope Asylum for the Insane erected in northern suburbs of Baltimore. — Dr. F. Donaldson, Professor of Physiology at the University. — Vaccine virus from Beaugency stock introduced. — Harford County Medical Society founded. — State Normal School opened. — Duty imposed on State Board of Health to prevent epidemics. — 62 deaths from cholera at Baltimore dur- ing summer. — Baltimore Medical Association founded by Drs. Morgan, White, Curry, Dare, Neff, Jones, Eastman and Smull at the office of the Commissioner of Health (February 26). — American Mledical Association begins its annual session in Con- cordia Opera House, South Eutaw Street, Baltimore (IVCay i). — Almshouse property at Calverton in the western suburbs sold for $341,000 (October). — Peabody Institute dedicated and Library opened to the public; funds $350,000, afterwards in- creased to $1,400,000 (October 25). Deaths : Drs. John Buckler, at Baltimore, February 24, set. 70; Jacob S. Baer, in Frederick County, April 10, set. 82; Thomas Owings, at Baltimore, December 18, set. 64. 1867. Little Hawkins Point selected for site of new Marine Hospital. — Medical Society of Allegany County organized. — Washington University Medical School reorganized. Faculty : Drs. Bond, Warren, Byrd, Logan, Walls, P. A. Ouinan, Hop- kins and Clagett. Lectures held at northeast corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. First session begins April 2, and lasts four months. — Special Dispensary estabUshed at 281 North Howard Street. — Independent Chair of Diseases of Women and Children founded at University of Maryland. — Maryland 708 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Academy of Sciences incorporated. — Unsuccessful attempt to found a new State Society (the "Medical Faculty") to take the place of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. — Second Pathological Society of Baltimore founded, Dr. W. Chew Van Bibber, President (September 27). — Johns Hopkins Univer- sity and Hospital incorporated (August 24). — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty sells its building on Calvert Street (No- vember 4). Deaths: Drs. G. B. Smith, in Missouri, ast. 74; J. C. S. Monkur, at Baltimore, January 21, set. 66. 1868. Hebrew Hospital begun. — Measles epidemic. — Dr. J. J. Chisolm becomes Professor of Military and Operative Sur- gery at University of Maryland. — Dr. A. Erich invents a pes- sary for procidentia uteri. — Legislature makes an appropria- tion of $10,000, with which Washington University Faculty purchases and fits up for hospital and college purposes the building northwest corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. A further appropriation of $2500 annually is made for its main- tenance. A certain number of free patients and beneficiary students to be received in return for these gifts. — Flood at Baltimore, great loss of property (July 24). — Medical Bul- letin issued by Dr. Warren. — Maryland Eye and Ear Infirmary founded by Dr. George Reuling at corner Liberty and Barnet Streets; in 1871 removed to North Charles Street, and in 1878 to 54 Saratoga Street. Deaths: Drs. Samuel Annan, at Baltimore, January 19, set. 70; William Gibson, at Savannah, March 2, set. 80. 1869. Dr. William T. Howard becomes Professor of Dis- eases of Women and Children and Dr. F. T. Miles of Anatomy at the University of Maryland. — Maryland Eye and Ear Dis- pensary founded by Dr. George Reuling. — Prof. N. R. Smith 709 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL E^ACULTY resigns Chair of Surgery at University of Maryland and is succeeded by Prof. Ciiristopher Johnston. General Dispensary organized at same. Professor Miles gives systematic clinical instruction in Nervous Diseases at same ; the first in Mary- land. — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty purchases new build- ing at 60 Courtland Street, at cost of $5700 (September 28) ; occupation of same (October 27-29). Deaths: Drs. Wm. Mosher; A. S. Piggott, at Baltimore, February 13, set. 47; J. Fonerden, at Boston, May 6, aet. 65; J. H. O'Donovan, at Baltimore, June 18, set. 67; R. Dunglison, at Philadelphia, October i, set. 71 ; H. W. Webster, at Balti- more, October 23, set. 74. 1870. Population of city, 267,354; of State, 780,894. — Typhus fever at Marine Hospital ; 282 cases, 42 deaths. — Baltimore Infirmary again enlarged. — Dr. Duhamel introduces hydrate of chloral in parturition. — Old Maryland Hospital, Monument and Broadway, sold with its site for $133,318. — Baltimore Medical Journal^ monthly, founded by Drs. Howard and Latimer (title of vol. ii, Baltimore Medical Journal and Bulletin). — Dr. J. R. W. Dunbar becomes President of Med- ical and Chirurgical Faculty for unexpired term of Dr. G. C. M. Roberts, deceased (January 20). — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore, Dr. N. R. Smith, President (April 20). — ^Johns Hopkins University and Hospital organized (June 13). — Semi-annual meeting of Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty at Cumberland (September 13). Deaths : Drs. Joshua I. Cohen, set. 69 ; G. C. M. Roberts, at Baltimore, January 15, a^t. 63; George Frick, at Dresden, March 26, set. y6. 1871. St. Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore, incorporated. — Smallpox and scarlet fever epidemic; total vaccinated, 5364; 710 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY deaths from scarlet fever, 625. — Washington University Medi- cal School removed to northwest corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. — German Medical Society organized. — Baltimore Eye and Ear Institute founded by Dr. J. J. Chisolm with twenty free beds. — Medical and Surgical Society founded in East Baltimore (February 23). Deaths: Drs. C. Hamilton, in Prince George County; M. Johns, at Baltimore; J. R. W. Dunbar, at Baltimore, July 3, set. 66; A. C. Robinson, in Baltimore County, November 9, ast. 61. 1872. 4271 cases of smallpox at Baltimore, with 896 deaths. — 42 extra Vaccine Physicians appointed. — Patients transferred from old Maryland Hospital on Broadway to Spring Grove Asylum near Caitonsville. — Epizootic prevails in horses. — Dr. P. C. Williams elected President of the Medical and Chirurgi- cal Faculty. — College of Physicians and Surgeons organized at New Assembly Rooms, northeast corner Lombard and Han- over Streets, by Drs. Warren, Opie, Lynch, Byrd, Murray and Goolrick ; first session opens in October; 42 students, 18 gradu- ates. — Total vaccinated from November i, 1871, to November I, 1872, 38,784. Deaths: Drs. George S. Gibson, at Baltimore, January 30, set. 71 ; Thomas E. Bond, in Harford County, August 19, set. 58. 1873. 617 deaths from smallpox in city; total vaccinated, 87,739. — Dr. Alan P. Smith, Professor of Operative Surgery, and Dr. J. J. Chisolm, Professor of Eye and Ear Diseases, at University of Maryland. — Epidemiological Society organized with Dr. J. A. Steuart, Flealth Commissioner, President. — Dr. C. H. Ohr, of Cumberland, elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. — Reception to Dr. N. R. Smith on 711 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY his return from Europe. — From March, 1872, to March, 1873, there were 4931 cases of smallpox at Baltimore, with 1359 deaths (Whyte). — Prof. Christopher Johnston successfully ex- tirpates the superior maxilla, the second time this had been done in Maryland, Jameson's case (1820) being the first. Dea'ths : Drs. F. S. Coskery, at Baltimore, set. 48; G. L. Robinson, at Baltimore, September ii, set. 29. 1874. Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary established at 220 North Greene Street. — Maryland State Board of Health established. — Alumni Association University of Maryland reor- ganized with Dr. R. S. Steuart, President. — Dr. H. M. Wilson elected President of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. The Faculty endorses Dr. Chancellor's bill before City Council for registration of births and deaths. — Dr. A. F. Erich invents a self-retaining uterine speculum. — Legislature appropriates $10,- 000 to College of Physicians and Surgeons "to erect, equip and maintain a lying-in hospital for indigent women" and $2500 per annum for four years "to maintain said hospital," the Col- lege in return to receive indigent women from the State free and beneficiary students. With this appropriation the Mater- nite Hospital on Lombard Street was established, the first in- stitution of its kind in the State. At the same time the Uni- versity of Maryland receives $30,000 conditional upon the education of beneficiary students "to aid in erecting a hospital on ground belonging to the University." With this amount the Greene Street wing of the Baltimore Infirmary or Univer- sity Hospital was erected. At the same time Washington Uni- versity Medical School receives $10,000 (April 11). — Balti- more Charitable Eye and Ear Dispensary organized at No. 2 Central Avenue (April 15). Deaths: Drs. Henry Howard, at Charlottesville, Va., March 2, set. 81 ; H. A. Inloes, at Baltimore, May 28, set. 63 ; D. A. 712 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY O'Donnell, at Baltimore, August 26, £et. 65 ; A. F. Dulin, at Baltimore, November 25, set. 68 ; G. E. Morgan, at Baltimore, December i, set. 46. 1875. Dr. J. F. Monmonier elected President of the Medi- cal and Chirurgical Faculty. — Clinical Society of Maryland founded, with Dr. P. C. Williams first President (April 23). Deaths: Drs. R. Mackall, at Baltimore, March 2, set. 70; B. A. Dougherty, at New York, April i, set. 49; J. L. Yeates, at Baltimore, July 24, set. 73; J. P. Mettauer, at old Prince Edward Court House, Va., November 22, set. 88 ; S. B. Martin, at Baltimore, December 21, set. 90. 1876. Yellow fever at Fells Point, 71 cases, 59 deaths ; at Marine Hospital, 27 cases, 15 deaths. Dr. A. B. Arnold re- ports that "80 per cent, of the cases die." — City College build- ing erected. — Dr. Henry W. Baxley leaves by his will $15,000 to the Johns Hopkins Medical School for the foundation of a professorship. — Northeast Clinical Society of Baltimore founded, with Dr. D. S. C. Ireland first President ; the meetings of this society were continued until June, 1880 (April 27). — Dr. Christopher Johnston elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (April). — Woman's Hospital for Medical and Surgical Treatment of Diseases Peculiar to Women opened with four beds by Dr. B. B. Browne, at 211 North Eu- taw Street near Madison ; Dispensary connected with it. It is claimed that this was the first Woman's Hospital at Baltimore (May 10). — Library of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty re- opened at 122 West Fayette Street (August 22). Deaths : Drs. R. E. Dorsey, ^t. 80 ; H. W. Baxley, at Balti- more, March 13, set. 72; R. S. Steuart, at Baltimore, July 13, a?t. 78; W. W. Hitt, at Vincennes, Ind., August 18, set. 75. 713 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1877. Dr. Tiffany reports cases of colotomy. — Dr. Theobald invents a set of lachrymal probes. — Maryland Woman's Hos- pital established at the M'aternite by Dr. A. F. Erich ; affiliated with College of Physicians and Surgeons ; it is claimed that this was the first special hospital for Diseases of Women in Maryland (see 1876). — City Hospital comes under control of College of Physicians and Surgeons. — Washington University Medical School and College of Physicians and Surgeons amal- gamated by law and continued under the latter title. This union took place a't the close of the session of 1876-77; the Act of the Legislature confirming it was passed during the winter session of 1877-78 and approved by the Governor, March 27, 1878.— Dr. A. B. Arnold, President of the Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty. — Baltimore Academy of Medicine founded, Dr. R. McSherry first President ; membership limited to physi- cians of ten years' standing (May i). — Publication of Mary- land Medical Journal (monthly) begun at Baltimore by Drs. Manning and Ashby (same date). — Ground broken for Johns Hopkins Hospital (June 23) ; first brick laid, October 13. — Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital opened at Balti- more (December 13). Deaths: Drs. P. S. Kinnemon, at Baltimore, January i, aet. 67 ; N. R. Smith, at Baltimore, July 3, set. 80 ; G. D. Beatty, at Baltimore, October 19, ^t. 39. 1878. Nursery and Child's Hospital founded.— Dr. S. P. Smith, of Cumberland, elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, — Dr. Alan P. Smith reports 52 successive successful cases of lithotomy, 46 of which were done with his father's lithotome. — Dr. Tiffany reports successful removal of a pharyngeal polyp by temporary depression of both superior maxillse. — Peabody Library Marble Building, begun April, 714 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1875, is finished (July) ; opened to public, September 30. Li- brary room 84 X 72 feet and 56 feet in height. — Committee of Baltimore Medical Association visits Washington and urges upon Congress the importance of an investigation of the cause of yellow fever (October 28). Deaths : Drs. H. R. Noel, in Essex County, Va., January 23, set. 41 ; J. Whitridge, at Tiverton, R. I., July 23, ast. 85 ; Eli Geddings, at Charleston, S. C, October 9, set. 79 ; P. H. Austin, at Baltimore, October 28, set. 56. 1879. Maryland Woman's Hospital removed to a building adjoining City Hospital.— Nurses' Training School estab- lished at City Hospital ; suspended after second session. — So- ciety for Protection of Children incorporated. — Smallpox at Baltimore. — Dr. H. P. C. Wilson performs ovariotomy on a woman in the fourth month of pregnancy who went to full term and normal labor; diagnosis of pregnancy made before operation. — Dr. Tiffany reports cases of litholapaxy. — Dr. W. T. Councilman wins a prize of $100 offered by the Balti- more Academy of Medicine for his essay on "Inflammation of the Cornea Artificially Induced." — Dr. S. C. Chew, Presi- dent of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. The Faculty rents a hall at 122 West Fayette Street, near Park Avenue. A double card catalogue of library finished. — Thomas Wilson, of Baltimore, dies, endowing by will the Wilson Sanitarium with $500,000 (September 2). Deaths: Drs. T. R. Brown, at Baltimore, January 26, set. 33; J. M. Stevenson, at Baltimore, March 6, set. 37; J. M. Woodworth, at Washington, March 14, set. 41 ; C. W. Cadden, at Baltimore, March 26, set. 49 ; P. Wroth, at Baltimore, June 13, set. 93; W. Fisher, at Pikesville, August 7, ast. 85; D. PI. 715 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Lawrence, in Baltimore County, October 27, £et. 67; W. S. McPherson, at Baltimore, November 20, set, 87. 1880. Publication of Independent Practitioner begun at Baltimore by Dr. H. L. Byrd. — Population of city, 332,313; of State, 934,943. — Total vaccinated, 8467. — Dr. F. West success- fully performs Battey's operation, the first time in Maryland. — State Board of Health reorganized. — Dr. H. P. C. Wilson operates upon a twin intra and extrauterine pregnancy, remov- ing the first child naturally, the second by laparotomy ; mother dies on fourth day, the children said to have survived. — Dr. Theobald employs boric acid in Diseases of the Eye and Dr. J. S. Hill in Genito-urinary Diseases. — Dr. H. P. C. Wilson, President of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. — Diplococcus pneumoniae discovered by Dr. Sternberg, U. S. A. (Septem- ber). — Sesqui-centennial celebration of founding of Baltimore by the Faculty at 122 West Fayette Street, Baltimore. Ad- dresses by the President, Dr. Wilson, and historical papers by Drs. B. B. Browne, G. Lane Taneyhill, T. A. Ashby, E. F. Cordell and by Dr. Joseph M. Toner, Honorary Member, of Washington, D. C. (October 13). — Hospital Relief Association organized; incorporated December 18. Deaths: Drs. W. M. Wood, at Owings' Mills, Baltimore County, March i, set. 70; Arthur Rich, at Baltimore, April 25, set. 65 ; W. H. Keener, at Baltimore, May 21, set. 57; J. E. P. Boulden, at Baltimore, July 18, set. 55 ; L. C. Gordon, at Balti- more, October 30, set. 29. 1881. Pennsylvania and Maryland Union Medical Society founded. — Prof. C. Johnston resigns Chair of Surgery at Uni- versity and succeeded by Dr. Tiffany. — Total vaccinations, 28,838. — Smallpox epidemic begins at Baltimore (January) and continues until June, 1883. — Baltimore Monthly Miedical 716 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Reunion founded, thirty members; still exists (February lo). Dr. Frank Donaldson elected President of Medical and Chi- ruro-ical Faculty. Prof. H. Newell Martin announces and demonstrates before Faculty the "Baltimore Method" of iso- lating the mammalian heart in the dog. Dr. G. M. Sternberg demonstrates sputum septicaemia (see 1880) (April). — Dr. Charles G. Hill, of Arlington, the first to discover the comet (June 23, 3.15 A. M.). — Twenty-one boys die of lockjaw due to toy-pistol wounds (July 4-18).— Organization of Baltimore Medical College, a Christian school for coeducation of both sexes, by Dr. Byrd and others (August 30).— 'Tink-eye" dis- ease prevalent among horses in city (September 29). — Balti- more Oriole Festival (October 10-12).— Organization of Hos- pital for Women of Maryland at Baltimore. — Diphtheria pre- vails at Frederick City (October 26). Deaths: Drs. L. S. Joynes, at Richmond, Va., January 18, «t. 61 ; S. T. Knight, at Baltimore, January 20, set. 73 ; W. H. Davis, at Baltimore, January 21, set. 80; C. Macgill, in Chester- field County, Va., May 5, set. 75 ; I. D. Thomson, at Baltimore, June 14, set. 49 ; J. H. Thomas, at White Sulphur Springs, Va., July 15, jet. 67; W. T. Miontgomery, at Shrewsbury, Pa., Sep- tember I, set. 50; E. L. Howard, at Baltimore, September 5, £et. 44; J. C. Cockey, at Frederick, October 18, set. 73; J. L. Billingslea, in Carroll County, October 23, set. -jy ; J. W. S. Hank, at Baltimore, November 3, set. 75. 1882. Dental School instituted at University of Maryland. — Anatomy Law passed by Legislature giving unclaimed bodies to the colleges for purposes of dissection. — Dr. Joseph Heighe Hill, of Kent County, murdered by eight negroes.— 551 deaths from smallpox.— 52 ex^tra Vaccine Physicians ap- pointed. — Woman's Medical College incorporated at Balti- 717 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY more, the fourth in the United States and first in the South (February 24). — Enoch Pratt Library incorporated (March 30). — Dr. W. M. Kemp, President of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty. First admission of a colored practitioner to member- ship in the Faculty (April 12). — Nurses' Directory instituted by the Faculty (June i). — City Health Department has spent since January i, $14,550 on account of smallpox (June 15). — Balti- more Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital opened (September). — Ordinance for the registration of births and deaths at Balti- more approved by the Mayor (September 9). — Mayor approves ordinance of City Council making vaccination compulsory and requiring the report by physicians of cases of smallpox, cholera, yellow fever, malignant diphtheria or scarlet fever and varioloid within 24 hours after first visit (October 24). — Dis- covery of white phosphorus announced at meeting of scientific association of Johns Hopkins University (November i). — 315 deaths from smallpox for the past week (December 30). Total vaccinations for year, 94,993. Deaths : Drs. G. W. Pape, at Baltimore, January 8, set 33 ; S. P. Smith, at Cumberland, March i, set. 86; W. G. Regester, at Baltimore, April 22, set. 37; C. Albert, at Easton, June 30, set. 31 ; J. S. Stevenson, at Baltimore, August 2, ast. 67; E. J. Chaisty, at Baltimore, August 16, set. 68; H. Albers, at Balti- more, October 7, set. 70; E. C. Coxe, at Baltimore, October 13, set. 32; C. C. Cox, at Washington, November 25, set. 66; J. T. Wilhelm, at Baltimore, December 26, set. 43. 1883. Smallpox in City Jail causes release of 301 prisoners (January 2). — 572 cases of smallpox reported in city during week ending January 6; 329 deaths from it during January. — Dedication of Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, yy East Baltimore Street (March 26). — Dr. Richard McSherry 718 JOHN R. QUINAN 1822-1800. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY elected President of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (April). — Organization of Maryland Pharmaceutical Associa- tion (May 8). — One hundredth Anniversary of Organization of P. E. Diocese of Maryland (May 29). — Judge Duffy decides in Baltimore City Court that city has right to enforce vaccina- tion by fine or imprisonment, thus sustaining the ordinance of October 24, 1882 (June 6). — Smallpox epidemic ceases (July I ) ; 633 deaths from it during six months preceding ; total cases for last 18 months, 4939, and 1184 deaths. — Enoch Pratt form- ally turns over to city gift of $1,083,333.33 for Enoch Pratt Library (July 2).— One hundredth annual commencement of Washington College, Chestertovi^n (July 12). — "Physic Hill," St. Mary's County, former residence of Drs. Dulaney and Abell, burned; loss, $15,500 (September 15). — Mar>dand State Dental Association organized (October 18). — Home for In- curables incorporated (November 17). — Total vaccinations during the year by 15 regular and 103 extra Vaccine Physi- cians, 217,050. Expenses for regular Vaccine Physicians, $3600; extra ditto, $11,804.46; for virus, $16,977.13; total, $32,381.50, or an average of 14 9-10 cents per vaccination (Benson). Deaths: Drs. Septimus Brown, at Baltimore, January 31, set. 56; J. Oilman, at Baltimore, August i, ast. 64; W. J. C. DuHamel, at Washington, August 15, ast. 56; C. McLean, at Baltimore, August 17, aet. 75 ; E. G. Cox, in Carroll County, August 19, aet. 63. 1884. New Quarantine Llospital opened at Little Hawkins Point ; old building to be used as a pest house. — Opening of new law building at University of Maryland, Lombard and Greene Streets (February 28). — Faculties of University of Maryland School of Medicine and College of Physicians and 46 719 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Surgeons assume joint control of the resident medical appoint- ments at Bayview Asylum (April 14). — Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore ; Dr. T. S. Latimer elected President (April 22-25). — ^^- James Dennis Pitts shoots and kills Dr. Littleton Thomas Walter, on Tangier Island, Va. (May 17). — City Ordinance 109 requiring registration of births and deaths of 1882 repealed and reenacted (May 24). — Wilson Sanitarium for Children opened near Baltimore (June 16) — Second Sanitary Council of Maryland meets at Blue Mountain Hotel (September 17). — American Academy of Medicine meets at the Johns Hopkins University (October 29). — Home for Incurables, Baltimore, dedicated at 270 East Fay- ette Street (November 6). — Opening of new building of Pres- byterian Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, yy East Baltimore Street ; 50 free beds ( November 11). Deaths : Drs. W. J. Piper, in Allegany County, set. 42 ; R. Wright, at Centerville, April 30, set. 84; J. J. Woodward, at Washington, August 18, set. 50; G. Tyler, at Georgetown, Au- gust 26, ast. 72; R. Buckler, at Narragansett Pier, R. I., Au- gust 31, set. 52; H. L. Byrd, at Baltimore, November 29, set. 64; A. Hartman, at Baltimore, December 16, set. 66. 1885. Total mortality of Baltimore, 8153, being annual death rate of 19.55 P^r 1000; white 16.80, colored 29.98. Births reported, 7740. — Councilman and Abbott first American observers to discover the Laveran organisms in the red cor- puscles of the blood. — Dysentery of a very fatal kind prevails in Frederick and Montgomery Counties ; 350 cases, 67 deaths. — Arrival of ship "Willie Rosenfeld," the largest vessel ever at Baltimore — Annual meeting of Faculty held at Baltimore, corner St. Paul and Saratoga Streets (May 12) ; Dr. j. R. Quinan elected President. Regulation of practice proposed. 720 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Women become eligible to membership. — Three fatal cases of trichiniasis at Baltimore from eating raw pork (July 26). — First electric railway in America begins running between Balti- more and Hampden (August 10). — Dr. James D. Pitts found guilty of murder in second degree for killing Dr. L. T. Walter on Tangier Island and sentenced to penitentiary for five years (September 26). — Maryland School of Veterinary Medicine opens, Dr. Ward, F. R. C. V. S., delivering the first lecture at 380 West Baltmiore Street (October i). — Baltimore University School of Medicine opens at 233-235 East Baltimore Street, with 30 students and 12 professors (same date). — Good Sa- maritan Hospital opened at McCulloh and Mosher Streets (October 8). — Harford County Medical Society founded at Belair, Dr. James F. H. Gorsuch, President, Dr. W. Stump Forwood, Secretary and Dr. R. D. Lee, Treasurer (November 10). — First paper mill at Baltimore (December 12). Deaths: Drs. J. J. Moorman, in Virginia, January 18, set. 83; D, I. McKew, at Baltimore, February 10, set. 55; E. Fore- man, at Washington, April 14, set. yy ; T. Daugherty, at Balti- more, September 15, set. 55; R. McSherry, at Baltimore, Oc- tober 7, set. 67; E. DeLoughery, at Baltimore, November 18, set. 79. 1886. Case of "Burking" at Baltimore. — Enoch Pratt Li- brary opened (January 4). — Medical and Chirurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore ; Dr. G. W. Miltenberger elected President. — Lunacy Bill passed (April). Deaths: Drs. A. W. Colburn, at Baltimore; E. Schwartze, at Baltimore, March 12, set. 80; A. M. Fauntleroy, at Staun- ton, Va., June 19, set. 50; W. M. Kemp, at Baltimore, Sep- tember 6, set. 76. 721 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1887. Separate Lying-in Hospital founded at the Univer- sity of Maryland. — Dr. William Osier confirms the presence and diagnostic significance of the Laveran organism in ma- laria {British Medical Journal, March 12). — Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty meets at Baltimore ; Dr. I. E. Atkinson elected President (April). 1888. Appeal from Medical Colleges of Baltimore in be- half of Senate Bill, No. loi, entitled "An Act for the Promo- tion of Medical Science by the Distribution and Use of Un- claimed Pluman Bodies for Scientific Purposes, through a Board created for that Purpose, and to Prevent Unauthorized Uses and Traffic in Human Bodies." This is signed by the Professors of Anatomy in all the Colleges. Says that up to present time no efficient provision has been made here for such material and the Colleges have been compelled to rely on "body-snatchers." Bill lOi provides that bodies of tramps and vagabonds be so used. The signers suggest an amend- ment, "that any one who was a friend of the deceased during life may claim the body for burial." "Has been in force for several years in New York and Philadelphia and has put a stop there to grave robbery." — Dr. John Morris elected Presi- dent of the Faculty. Committee, Dr. R. Gundry, chairman, reports success of Faculty in its efforts to found a State Institu- tion for Feeble-minded Children in Maryland (April). — Garrett Sanitarium for Children founded by Mrs. Robert Garrett, at Mount Airy, Md. ; formally opened with twenty beds (June). Deaths: Drs. W. E. A. Aikin, at Baltimore, May 30, set. 81 ; J. S. Lynch, at Baltimore, September 27, set. 59 ; F. E. Cha- tard, at Baltimore, October 18, a^t. 83. 1889. Nurses' Training School Building erected at Univer- sity of Maryland at a cost of $10,000. — Washington County 722 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Medical Society organized at Hagerstown. — Maryland Train- ing School for the Feeble-minded opened at Olwings' Mills (February 19). — Dr. A. Friedenwald elected President of the Faculty (April 23). — Johns Hopkins Hospital opened for re- ception of patients. Ceremonies last from 12 M. to 6 P. M. Addresses by Governor Jackson, President D. C. Oilman, Mr. Francis T. King and Dr. J. S. Billings (May 7). — Johns Hop- kins Training School for Nurses opened (October i). — Dr. Philippe Ricord, a native of Baltimore, dies at Paris, aet. 89. Johns Hopkins Hospital Medical Society founded. Dr. Wm. H. Welch, President (October 22). — Johns Hopkins Hospital Journal Club founded (October 29). — Faculty of School of Medicine, University of Maryland, adopts preliminary exam- ination in English, written examinations and a compulsory three-year course, to come into effect in 1891 (December). — Training School for Nurses founded at same institution (De- cember 15). Deaths: Drs. O. J. Coskery, at Baltimore, July 5, set. 46; Joseph Beale, at Philadelphia, September 23, set. 74; G. Ellis Porter, at Lonaconing, December 30, set. 59. 1890. Population of city, 434,151; of State, 1,040,431. — Law of 1890, Chapter 622, requires every physician in the State outside the limits of Baltimore City to immediately notify the Secretary of the State Board of Health of every death occurring in his or her practice from smallpox, cholera, yellow fever, typhoid or typhus fever, dipththeria or any other dis- ease of a contagious, infectious or epidemic character, — Ameri- can Medical College Association organized at Nashville during meeting of American Medical Association, in accordance with the suggestion and call of the Baltimore Medical Colleges. Preliminary examination and three-year course of lectures to 723 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY be enforced, commencing- session of 1892-93. — Anatomy Law amended. — City Hospital, corner Calvert and Saratoga Streets. opened under control of Sisters of Mercy (R. C.) and con- nected with College of Physicians and Surgeons, which by agreement secures in perpetuity the privileges of clinical in- struction in it (January i). — Opening of Garrett Free Hos- pital for Children at 27 North Carey Street, Baltimore (same date). — Courses of Advanced or Post-graduate Lectures de- livered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, January to March, and continued annually. — City Ordinance of October 24, 1882, amended so as to require report of measles, whooping cough, pseudo-membranous croup and mumps (March 20). — Com- missioner of Health calls attention of the profession of Balti- more to the neglect of physicians to report infectious and con- tagious diseases and births; Ordinance No. 102, 1884, re- quires monthly returns of births to him (March 29). — First observation in America of amoeba coli by Dr. William Osier at Johns Hopkins Hospital (May i, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin). — Dr. T. A. Ashby elected President of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (April 22). — Dr. Wm. H. Welch finds the diplococcus pneumoniae present in all of ten cases of pneu- monia. Isolates it in pure culture. "Evidence of its being the specific cause of the disease very strong" (July, Johns Hop- kins Hospital Bulletin). — Report of second case of dysentery in which the amoeba coli is found. First demonstration to a medical Society (September, H. A. Lafleur, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin). — Southern Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital founded at Baltimore (October 22). — During the year the collection of a fund of $100,000 is begun by the women throughout the country in order to secure equal privileges for women as for men at the Johns Hopkins Medical School. The 724 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY amount raised by October 28 is $111,300 which is then ac- cepted by the Board of Trustees, which resolves to open the school when a fund for its establishment and maintenance shall amount to not less than $500,000. Besides the $111,300, the Trustees have, at this date, $67,480.42 available, the greater part being the principal and interest of the Baxley bequest. — Abscess of liver diagnosed by finding the amoeba coli in the expectoration, by Dr. Simon (November, /. H. H. Bulletin), — Johns Hopkins Hospital Historical Club organized, Dr. Wil- liam Osier, President (November 10). — Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Cambridge (November 11). — First experiment at Baltimore with Koch's lymph for consumption made at Johns Hopkins Hospital; eleven cases treated (December 12, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin). — Dr. J. N. Mackenzie re- ports case of tuberculosis of lip (December, same). Death: Dr. J. R. Quinan, at Baltimore, November 11, set. 68. 1891. Three-year course of medical study becomes compul- sory at the University of Maryland. — Opening of City Morgue, two-story brick building, corner President and Lancaster Streets, 18 x 40 feet, with accommodations for five bodies. Cost, less instruments, furniture, etc., $4000 (January 16). — Dr. W. H. Welch elected President of Faculty (April 28). — Fiftieth Anniversary of Maryland College of Pharmacy ; ban- quet at Eutaw House (April 17). — The Johns Hopkins Medi- cal School Fund amounts to $178,780.42 (April 30). — Addi- tion to City Hospital, adjoining College of Physicians and Surgeons, for colored persons, four stories 24 x loi feet (May 15). — First Commencement of Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses; 17 graduates (June 5). — Calvert Hall, Saratoga Street opposite Little Sharp, formerly St. Peter's R. C. Church 725 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY (the first R. C. Church at Baltimore), and for forty-one years occupied by Christian Brothers as a collegiate institute, pur- chased from Cathedral Trustees for a Homoeopathic College (August 5). — Dedication of Southern Homoeopathic College, Baltimore. Cost, $16,000 in fee, improvements $5000 to $6000. All has been paid ofif by physicians, directors and friends. Veterinary and Dental Departments in prospect (October 5). < — Semi-annual Meeting of Faculty at Rockville (November). Deaths : Drs. R. Gundry, at Spring Grove Asylum, April 23, set. 60; J. F. May, at Washington, May i, set. 79; C. John- ston, at Baltimore, October 12, set. 69; F. Donaldson, at Balti- more, December 9, set. 68. 1892. Mrs. Brune presents 400 volumes, being the library of her late husband. Dr. T. Barton Brune, to the University of Maryland Hospital. — Medical Society (ephemeral) organ- ized at Easton. — First demonstration of gas-producing bacil- lus {bacillus (Erogenes capsulatiis, Welch) by Drs. Welch and Nuttall. "Case of rapid development of gas in blood-vessels after death" (March, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin). — Dr. L. M. Tiffany, President of Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty (April 26). Busts of Drs. N. R. Smith and J. Buckler presented. — Act of Assembly, Chapter 296, becomes operative (June). Boards of Medical Examiners appointed for the regu- lar profession and for the Homoeopaths. All persons com- mencing practice must procure license from one or other Board ; otherwise they are guilty of a misdemeanor and must pay fine of from $50 to $200 for each offense, or in default of payment be confined to jail until fines, etc., are paid, and be de- barred from receiving compensation for services rendered. — Semi-annual meeting at Easton (November 15 and 16). — Miss Mary E. Garrett gives $306,977 to the fund for the Johns 726 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Hopkins Medical School. This with amount already on hand completes the $500,000 endowment and entitles men and women to equal rights in the School (December 22). Deaths : Drs. W. S. Forwood, at Darlington, January 2, set. 61; L. H. Steiner, at Baltimore, February 18, set. 64; A. H. Bayly, at Cambridge, March 14, set. J'j ; W. C. Van Bibber, at Baltimore, December 14, set. 68. 1893. Board of Trustees of Endowment Fund of Faculty of Physic, University of Maryland, elected. — Woman's Medical College secures building and lot corner McCulloh and Hoflf- man Streets (March 20). — Dr. Wm. T. Howard, Jr., reports a case of acute ulcerative endocarditis due to bacillus diph- theriticus ; first recorded observation of this (April, Johns Hop- kins Hospital Bulletin). — Dr. G. H. Rohe elected President of Medical and Chirurgical Faculty (April). Committee on Pub- lic Health appointed. Dr. Tiffany reports operations on Gas- serian ganglion for facial neuralgia. — Messrs. Mendes Cohen, Henry T. Douglass and Frank H. Hambleton appointed a commission on Sewerage System of Baltimore (May 29). — Dr. James Brown catheterizes the male ureter (June 9). — Johns Hopkins Medical School opens with thirteen men and three women and fifteen teachers (October 2). — Opening of new laboratory building, University of M'aryland (October 26). — Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Annapolis (Novem- ber). Deaths: Drs. W. H. Stokes, at Baltimore, May 7, set. 81; Thomas J. Dunott, at Philadelphia, May 20, set. 62 ; E. War- ren, at Paris, September 16, set. 65. 1894. Act of 1894, Chapter 217, Code of Public General Laws of Maryland, entitled "Health," sub-title "Practitioners of Medicine" (amending Chapter 296, 1892), requires physi- 727 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY cians tO' register with the Circuit Courts of the various counties and Baltimore City. — Dr. R. W. Johnson elected President of Faculty (April). Committee on Legislation appointed. First Report of Medical Examining Board. — Ground broken for first of group of buildings of Johns Hopkins Medical School, to be called the Woman's Fund Memorial Building, intended for an anatomical laboratory, 60 x 100 feet, three stories and attic with basement. Built of sand brick. The first in the United States erected exclusively for anatomical purposes. Cost about $50,000. Other buildings to be erected later are laboratories of pharmacology, physiology and hygiene. The site of the group is a lot 300 x 320 feet northeast of the Hos- pital (April 16) ; the first building was ready for occupation the ensuing session. — Provident Hospital (colored) instituted on Orchard Street, Baltimore, R. W. Hall, M.D., Dean; negro medical college contemplated in connection therewith (May 16). — Smallpox appears at Baltimore; nineteen cases sent to Quarantine Hospital, of whom four die (May). — Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Cumberland (November 21 and 22). — American Physiological Society holds convention at Balti- more (December). Deaths : S. Teackle Wallis, Provost of University of Mary- land, at Baltimore ; Drs. J. F. Monmonier, at Baltimore, June 8, set. 81; H. W. Webster, at Baltimore, August 29, set. 64; William Goodell, at Philadelphia, October 27, aet. 65. 1895. Maternite opened at 410 West Hoffman Street by Woman's Medical College (January 24). — Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty decides to purchase 839 North Eutaw Street in fee for $10,000; 25 feet front with rear building on Linden Avenue (March 20. Afterwards No. 847 chosen instead). — Dr. S. Flexner reports to Faculty cases of peritonitis caused 728 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY by the micrococcits lanceolaius; first report of this. Dr. J. Ed- win Michael elected President (April 23).-Chapin A. Harris Memorial Fund Committee begins to erect a monument over his crave and tablets in Dental Colleges (June). -Dr. Simon Flexner describes a new organism, ''bacillus pyogenes ilhfoy- mis" from the Pathological Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital (November-December, Bidlehn).- Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Belair (November 19 and 20) Dr. Charles G. Hill succeeds to the Presidency of the Facultv on the death of Dr. J. Edwin Michael (December 7). Deaths: Drs. W. H. Zollickoffer, at Newmarket, Va. ; Caleb Winslow, at Baltimore, June 13, set. 71; J- ^dwin Michael, at Baltimore, December 7, ^et. 47. 1896. M\inicipal Bacteriological Laboratory of Baltimore instituted through the exertions of the Faculty; Dr. William Roval Stokes assumes charge.-Book and Journal Club insti- tuted to assist the growth of the Library of the Faculty. Clmi- cal Laboratory opened at the Johns Hopkins Medical School. —Opening of Faculty's new building, 847 North Eutaw Street (January 11).— Dr. R. L. Randolph reports cHnical and ex- perimental study of oyster shucker's keratitis (January 20, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, June). -Hospital for Crip- pled and Deformed Children incorporated at Baltimore, Dr. R Tunstall Taylor Surgeon in Charge; accommodations for forty with annex in Blue Ridge Mountains, Washington County (May 20). -Dr. William Osier elected President of the Faculty (April 28). Presentation of busts of ^sculapius and Hippocrates and portraits of Drs. Miltenberger and H. P. C. Wilson. Committee on General Sanitation appointed.— The University of Maryland, College of Physicians and Sur- geons and Woman's Medical College adopt a compulsory four- 729 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY year course (October). — Presentation of Thorwaldsen Statue of Christ to Johns Hopkins Hospital by Mr. W. W. Spence (October 14). — Semi-annual meeting at Hagerstown (Novem- ber 10 and 11). — Opening of Frick Library, a section of the Faculty's Library, 847 North Eutaw Street. Addresses by Drs. S. C. Chew, of Baltimore ; J. M. Da Costa, of Philadelphia, and Jos. D. Bryant, of New York ; also by Mr. Reverdy John- son. Followed by supper (December 10). Deaths : Drs. J. M. Toner, at Cresson, Pa., July 30, set. 71 ; P. C. Williams, at Baltimore, November 21, set. 68. 1897. New University of Maryland Hospital completed and occupied. — Dr. L. F. Barker exhibits to Johns Hopkins Medical Society a new sesthesiometer (January 18). — Dr. H. A. Kelly describes a new method of catheterizing- the male ureter through an open cystoscope with bladder distended with air by posture (January) (Demonstrated at St. Luke's Hospital, New York, February 4, 1898, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, March, 1898). — The Maryland PubHc Health Association founded through joint efforts of the Faculty and State Board of Health (February 17). — A department for the treatment of rabies by the Pasteur method opened at the City Hospital, Baltimore, under the auspices of the College of Physicians and Surgeons (April 13). — Dr. C. M. Ellis elected President of the Faculty (April 27). — Typhoid bacillus obtained from the blood of a typhoid fever patient during life by Dr. E. Bates Block ; the fourth observer to obtain it from the living subject (June, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin). — Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Ocean City (September 15 and 16). — Peninsular Hospital founded at Salisbury, Wicomico County, Dr. George W. Todd, Superintendent (October i). — Dr. Wm. T. Council- man confirms the setiological significance of the meningococcus 730 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY intracellularis in epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis (Novem- ber 15, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, February, 1898). Deaths : Drs. J. C. Thomas, at Baltimore, November 9, set. 64; H. P. C. Wilson, at Baltimore, December 27, set. 70. 1898. Buildings recently completed at State Insane Hospital No. 2, Sykesville, now in use and 176 male patients there. Four new cottages to be built to accommodate 175 female in- sane. — Maryland M^edical College and Temperance Hospital opened on Baltimore Street near Carrollton Avenue (Balti- more). — New constitution adopted by the Faculty. — New physiological and pharmacological building of Johns Hopkins University opened at Washington and Monument Streets (January). — Dr. G. Brown Miller discovers the bacillus typhosus in the gall bladder seven years after typhoid fever in a patient operated on by Dr. H. A. Kelly (March 19, Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, Mlay, 1898). — Secretary of State Board of Health reports forty local boards in State (March 12.) — Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital occupies its new building; 32 beds, 24 free and 8 private (April i). — Dr. Harvey W. Gushing reports cases establishing the fact that acute diffuse peritonitis can be caused by the gonococcus ; the first convincing evidence of this (May, Bulletin, May, 1899). — Dr. S. G. Ghew elected Gentennial President of the Faculty, April 26). — First Demonstration of combined typhoid and quartan malarial infection by Dr. Graig (October, Bulletin, November, 1899). — Semi-annual meeting of Faculty at Fred- erick (November 16-17). — United Gharities Hospital founded at Cambridge, Dorchester County, Dr. B. W. Goldsborough, Chief of Medical Staff (December 28). 731 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Deaths: Drs. A. P. Smith, at Baltimore, July i8, set. 58; William Pepper, in California, July 28, aet. 54 ; H. N. Martin, in Yorkshire, England, October 27, set. 50. 1899. Centennial Year. Laboratory of Physiology, Phy- siological Chemistry and Pharmacology opened at Johns Plopkins Medical School. — Eugene Horwitz prize medal insti- tuted at Johns Hopkins Medical School. — Centennial meeting of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty held at Baltimore, April 25-28. Addresses by the Governor of Maryland and distinguished physicians from all parts of the country at McCoy Hall, Johns Hopkins University. Exhibition of por- traits, etc. Clinics at the various hospitals. Banquet at Rennert's Plotel. Receptions, dinners, etc. Dr. Clotworthy Birnie elected President. Deaths : Drs. George H. Rohe, at New Orleans, February 6, set. 48; David Stewart, a;t Port Penn, Del., September 2, set. 86. Deaths, 1900: Drs. Wm. A. Hammond, at Washington, January 6 ; James T. Whittaker, at Cincinnati, June 5, ast. 57 ; Jesse W. Lazear, in Cuba, September 25, set. 34. Deaths, 1901 : Drs. John R. Page, at Charlottesville, March 11, aet. 70; E. M. Schaefifer, at Baltimore, April 23, set. 45 ; T. H. Buckler, at Baltimore, April 20, set. 89. Deaths, 1902 : Drs. Joseph Wilkins, at Baltimore, Febru- ary 5, set. 78; R. C. Mackall, at Elkton, February 16, set. 80; J. C. Earle, at Easton, May 17, set. 78; A. Friedenwald, at Baltimore, August 26, set. 65 ; William H. Crim, at Baltimore, November 15, set. 57; M. B. Billingslea, at Baltimore, Decem- ber 8, set. 53. APPENDIX. Presidents. — Upton Scott, 1 799-1801 ; Philip Thomas, 1801-1815; Ennalls Martin, 1815-1820; Robert Moore, 1820- 1826; Robert Goldsborough, 1826-1836; Maxwell McDowell, 1836-1841 ; Joel Hopkins, 1841-1848; Richard Sprigg Steuart, 1848-1849, 1850-1851; Peregrine Wroth, 1849-1850; WilHam W. Handy, 1851-1852; Michael S. Baer, 1852-1853; John L. Yeates, 1853-1854; John Fonerden, 1854-1855 ; Jacob Baer, 1855-1856; Christopher C. Cox, 1856-1857; Joshua I. Cohen, 1857-1858; Joel Hopkins, 1858-1859; George C. M. Roberts, 1859-1870; John R. W. Dunbar, 1870; Nathan R. Smith, 1870- 1872; Philip C. Williams, 1872-1873; Charles H. Ohr, 1873- 1874; Henry M. Wilson, 1874-1875 ; John F. Monmonier, 1875- 1876; Christopher Johnston, 1876-1877; Abram B. Arnold, 1877-1878; Samuel P. Smith, 1878-1879; Samuel C. Chew, 1879-1880; Henry P. C. Wilson, 1880-1881 ; Frank Donaldson, 1881-1882; William M. Kemp, 1882-1883; Richard McSherry, 1883-1884; Thomas S. Latimer, 1884-1885; John R. Quinan, 1885-1886; George W. Miltenberger, 1886-1887; I. Edmond- son Atkinson, 1887-1888; John Morris, 1888-1889; Aaron Friedenwald, 1889-1890; Thomas A. Ashby, 1890-1891 ; Wil- liam H. Welch, 1891-1892 ; L. McLane Tiffany, 1892- 1893 ; George H. Rohe, 1893-1894; Robert W. Johnson, 1 894-1 895 ; J. Edwin Michael, 1895; Charles G. Hill, 1895-1896; William Osier, 1896-1897; Charles M. Ellis, 1897-1898; Samuel C. Chew, 1898- 1899. 733 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY Secretaries. — Ashton Alexander, 1799-1801 ; Nathaniel Potter, 1801-1809; Samuel Baker, 1809-1813; John Arnest, 1813-1817; Patrick Macaulay, 1817-1818; Ezra Gillingham, 1818-1819; William Fisher, 1819-1821; 1826-28; George Frick, 1821-1826; John Fonerden, 1828-1834; Robert A. Dur- kee, 1834-1848; William H. Davis, 1848-1851 ; Frank Donald- son, 1851-1855; Joseph Wilkins, 1855-1856; Wm. B. Crane, 1856-1857; W. Chew Van Bibber, 1857-1859; Henry M. Wil- son, 1859-1873; Wilson G. Register, 1873-1882; G. Lane Taneyhill, 1882-1894; Joseph T. Smith, 1894-1895; John S. Fulton, 1895-1897; J. Williams Lord, 1897 — . Treasurers. — The following is a list of those who have held the office of Treasurer taken in part from an old Treasurer's book in the Society archives. This book is of especial inter- est because it goes back to the very beginning of the Society and is the oldest MS. record of it extant. J. T. Shaaff, 1799- 1801 ; Ashton Alexander, 1801-1803; Henry Wilkins, 1803- 1807; John Shaw, 1807-1809; Solomon Birckhead, 1809-1811; James Smith, 1811-1817; W. W. Handy, 1817-1834; Edmund G. Edrington, 1834-1836; George S. Gibson, 1836-1838; Sam- uel Chew, 1838-1839; J. L Cohen, 1839-1856; F. E. B. Hintze, 1856-1859; Judson Gilman, 1859-1861 ; Thomas Owings, 1861-1862; P. S. Kinnemon, 1862-1870; Judson Gilman, 1870- 1883; W. F. A. Kemp, 1883-1898; T. A. Ashby, 1898—. There is a note in the MS. Archives which alludes to Dr. J. F. Mon- monier as Treasurer July 4, 1863. Stock, etc.. Owned by the Faculty. — Purchase of stock, etc., is recorded by the various Treasurers as follovi^s : Jan. I, 1807, 4 shares of Farmers Bank at Annapolis, . . . $200.00 Aug. 20, 1807, I ' " " " ... 50.00 July 3, 1810, 8 " Com'l and Farmers Bank, Balto. . 200.00 June 9, 1813, 18 " " " " " . 533-25 May 17, i8r4, 6 " " " " " . 186.00 734 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY July 2, 1817, 30 Shares of City Bank Stock,* $510.00 Sept 1825 7 " Union Bank Stock, 525-00 Apr."i2, 1827, 7 " " " 528.50 May 31, 1834, 6 " " " 360.00 " 31,1834, 4 " Commercial and Farmers Bank, . 100.00 Apr. 1 , 1842, City 6 per cent Stock purchased by sale of Com- mercial and Farmers Bank and Bank of Bal- timore Stock, 1375-00 Sept. 25, 1854, City 6 per cent Stock (|ioo) 99-25 *The City Bank must have failed for there is a note of a "final dividend" of $38.25 paid January 26, 1843. "due since June, 1840." Library.— The following items from the Archives relate to the library: July 5, 1830, paid Dr. Fonerden, appropriation, $500; do., June 4, 1831, $10; do., June 11, 1831, salary as librarian for year, $100; do., April 25, 1831, appropriation, $300; do., July 2, 1832, salary, $100; do., July 30, 1832, ap- propriation, $300; do., June 4, 1833, salary, $100; do., Jan. 7, 1834, appropriation, $130; do.. May 30, 1834, appropria- tion, $70; do., June 11, 1834, salary, $50; do., June 30, 1834, salary, $50; do., Jan. 9, 1835, appropriation, $200; do., July 10, 1835, salary, $50; do., sundry payments for library in 1834, $21.25; do., Feb. 19, 1836, appropria- tion, $178.75 ; Treasurer of Library Board, April 10, 1837, ap- propriation, $130; do., Jan. 7, 1838, $370; do., ist insurance, July 10, 1838, $5.25; do., May 30, 1839, appropriation, $170.60; do., June 3, 1839, appropriation, $40; do., Aug. 25, 1839, appropriation, $72; do.. May 30, 1840, appropriation, $74.44; do., July 21, 1840, appropriation, $30; do., Dec. i, 1840, appropriation, $26.66; do., June 4, 1841, $6; do., July 5, 1841, $11 ; do., July 28, 1841, $5 ; do., Sept. 21, 1841, $70; do., Jan. 6, 1842, appropriation, $6.75 ; do., Feb. 7, 1842, $5 ; do., July 12, 1842, $50; do., Nov. 7, 1842, balance of appropriation of 1839, $15.15 ; cash paid for rent of room and services of libra- rian, Aug. 17, 1843, $72 ; Treasurer of Library Board, Feb. 15, *7 735 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 1844, appropriation, $20; do., appropriation. May 17, 1844, $109.50; cash for rent of room for library, due June 21, $75; Treasurer of Library Board, Feb. 26, 1845, appropriation, $50; do., furniture for library, Sept. 29, 1845, $8-75 ; do., expenses of removal of library, Sept. 29, 1845, $i-56; do., rent of room, Sept. 30, 1845, $75 5 do., for book-cases, Sept. 30, 1845, $28.50; do., Oct. 29, 1845, appropriation, $30; do., July 16, 1846, ap- propriation, $75 ; salary of assistant librarian, Sept. 8, 1846, $50; Library Board, June 2, 1847, appropriation, $25 ; services of librarian, June 7, 1847, $10; Library Board, Oct. 25, 1847, appropriation, $50; do., Oct. 27, 1847, appropriation, $40; do., April 14, 1848, appropriation, $20; Library Board, Oct. 2, 1848, appropriation, $50; do., Jan. 10, 1849, appropriation, $50; 1902 Smith, William H., Baltimore 1901 Spencer, Ernest, Bel Alton, Md 1902 Steele, Guy, Cambridge, Md 1901 Steenken, Charles D., Baltimore 1902 Steuart, George Hume, Baltimore 1901 Strobel, Edgar Randolph, Baltimore 1900 Sudler, Mervin Tubman, Baltimore 1902 Tannar, Frederick N., Vienna, Md 1901 Tarun, William, Baltimore 1901 Thalwitzer, Marie E., Baltimore ^ 1901 Thiede, Gustav A., Baltimore 1902 Todd, George W., Salisbury, Md 1901 Todd, Martillus L., Baltimore 1902 Tompkins, John Almy, Baltimore 1900 Ullrich, J. Harry, Oxford, Md 1902 Ullrich, Seth S., Baltimore 1900 Urquhart, Richard A., Baltimore 1901 Walker, George, Baltimore 1900 Warner, Robert A., Baltimore 1901 Waters, Mary Augusta, Baltimore 1901 Wegefarth, George C, Baltimore 1901 Wentz, Alexander C, Hanover, Pa 1901 West, J. Marshall B., Baltimore 1902 Westphal, Herman, Baltimore 1902 Wheeler, E. Miles, Baltimore 1902 Wilson, Gordon, Baltimore , 1902 Wilson, T. Robert W., Baltimore 1902 Winterode, Robert P., Catonsville, Md 1902 853 INDEX. Abbott, A. C, 720 Abell, Dr., 719 "Abernethy of Talbot," 489, 757 "Abortion," 217 Absorbents, 751 Academy of Medicine, 163, 182, 189, 200, 211, 714, 715 New York, 239, 240 of Music, 162 of Sciences, 200, 211, 684, 689, 694, 695, 707, 708, 797 Act enlarging Baltimore, .682 to establish state boards, 205 first overt in Maryland, 657 founding University of Mary- land, 679 of incorporation requires judges to give same in charge to grand juries, iii infectious diseases, 265 lunacy. See Insane. qualifying censors to grant cer- tificates, 682 restoring license (1892), 228, 240, 246 amended, 240, 241, 242, 246, 260, 261, 290, 292, 727 uniting Washington Univ. and Col. Phys. and Surgeons, 714 vital statistics, 265 of 1818, 684 of 1838-39, constitutionality of, 114, 115, 123, 130, 204, 205, 207 Act of 1838-39, effects of, 103, 207 Actuarius, 90 Addison, J., 706 Addresses. See Essays. Adulteration of food and medi- cines, 194 Advertisements, empirical, 119 indecent, iii, 119 yEsculapius, 253, 292 ^sthesiometer, 730 Aetius, 90 Ahl, J. P., 658, 690 Aikin, W. E. A., 100, 697, 722 Albers, H., 718 Albert, C, 718 Albuminuria, 810 Alexander, Ashton, 28, 52, 64, 74, 75, 76, 80, 82, 90, 126, 678, 704 S., 273 Allbutt's system, 253 Allen, Moses, 657 Zachary, 647 Allender, Joseph, 36, 64, 66, 66g, 694 Almshouse, 656, 657, 659, 666, 673, 681, 687, 701, 708 Alumni Association of Baltimore Colleges, 117 of University of Maryland, 698, 712 American Academy of Medicine, 720 Intelligencer and Medical Li- brary, 97 855 INDEX American Journal of Dental Sci- ence, 696 Medical Association, 11, 116, 119, 121, 122, 182, 186, 192, 205, 217, 219, 249, 252, 699, 700, 708 College Association, 723 Monthly, 144 Amoeba coli, 724, 725 Amos, Corbin, 60, 65 Amputation of both legs at one sitting, 173 of hip joint, 173, 179 Amy] nitrite, 196 Anaesthetics, 117, 601 " in midwifery," 153 Anasarca, case of, cured by salt- petre, 72 Anatomy law, 717, 722 Anatomical hall, 55 study, legalizing of, 173, 177 Anderson, E., 227 James, 47, 694 James M., 52, 64, 686, 692 J. W., 692 Andrews, Ephraim, 662 G. W., 697 Thomas, 656, 658, 660, 661, 662 T. H., 12 "Annals, Medical, of Baltimore," 184, 191, 193 of Maryland," 264 Annan, S., 53, 85, 96, 687, (:^, 709 Annapolis, 151, 238, 642, 646, 648, 652, 669, 701 Anne Arundel Co., 642 "Aneurism, innominate," 222 Annual meeting, date of changed, 178 sessions begun, 75 "Antisepsis, obstetrical," 226 Antiseptic surgery. See Listerism. Antiviviseciionists, 166, 252 "Aorta, rupture of," 257 Apothecary, first in Maryl-ind, 645 Archer, G. W., 172, 750, 752 James, 750 John, 13, 52, 172, 655, 656, 669, 678, 746 Jr.. 750 Judge, III R. H., 705, 750 Thomas, 687, 748, 750 Aretaeus, 90 Armistead, Col., 684 Armstrong, R. W., 60 Army and navy, contributions of, 100 Arnest, J., 69 Arnold, A. B., 168, 705, 713 Art in medicine, 292 Artery forceps, 691 ligation of common iliac, 679 of external iliac, 686 of middle meningeal, 380 Artists represented at centennial, 292 Ashby, T. A., 170, 171, 172, 208, 212, 213, 217, 220, 222, 235, 240, 241, 245, 250, 253, 257, 261, 269, 291, 714 Assembly, General. See Legisla- ture. Assessment, 132, 159, 160, 172, 176, 190 Association for improvement of condition of poor, 701 Asthma, 197 Asylum, Female Orphan, 673 Athenaeum, 84, 96, 119, 122, 192, 198, 217, 222, 234, 240, 688, 694, 700 Atkinson, H. B., 697 I. E., 168, 172, 208, 212, 219, 233, 24s Attorney-general, 207 Attorney, state's, 247 856 INDEX Auscultation and percussion first taught, 538, 697 Austin, P. H., 715 Authors, old, donated to library, go Autopsies, 640, 643, 645, 662 Autopsy, first in Md., 640 Bachelor of medicine, 56 Bachelor taxed, 654 Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, 726 coli communis, 227 pyogenes Uliformis, 729 typhosus from the blood, 730 found in gall bladder, 731 Bacteriolog}^ 210 Baer, J. S., 132, 708 M. S., 84, 87, 115, 120, I2S, 704 Bagnall, Anthony, 639 Baker, Miss E., 264 S., 61, 64, 65, 68, 69, 74, 76, 77, 81, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 264, 292, 680, 683, 692, 694 S. G., 98, 697 Wesley, 666, 67^ Wm., 679 W. N., 100, 697 Baldwin, Julia, 149 Baltimore in 1773, 743 in 1807, 58 and Annapolis united by stage, 663 builds first frigate for navy, 657 centennial of, 691 chartered, 640 city and county separated, 702 College of Dental Surgery, 105, 119, 429, 433, 696 county, 644 fits out cruisers for navy, 657 incorporated, 669 iron works, 651 Journal of Medicine, 706 and Jonestown united, 651 laid off, 649 Baltimore Medical Annals, 170 Medical Association, 147, 149, 152, 161, 182, 189, 200, 218, 708, 715 Institute, 116, 124, 696 Journal, 710 and Bulletin, 710 and Physical Recorder, 89, 676, 763 and Surgical Bulletin, 151 and Surgical Journal and Re- view, 693 " writings of physicians of," 170 " Method," 181 Monthly Journal of Medicine, 691, 823 monthly medical reunion, 717 Observer, 54, 766 occupied by Federal troops, 706 & Ohio R.R., corner stone laid, 690 incorporated^ 689 Relief Association, 169, 170 Oriole festival, 717 " Physicians of," 170 of in 1779, 12 streets lighted, 662 paved, 661 taxable property, 669 tonnage, 665 trade, 668 Baltzell, John, 44 Bank of Baltimore chartered, 668 City, 68s of Maryland chartered, 665 of U. S., 682 Bantz, Wm., 688 Barber, Luke, 643, 644 Barker, L., 730 Barnett, Dr., 682 Barney, Commodore, 657 Barnum's hotel, 688 Bartholow R., 159, 163, 291 857 INDEX Bartlett, E., 698, 699, 704 Bath, city commission, 289 Baths, public, 246, 265, 289 - Battey's operation, 174, 716 Battle of Antietam, 707 of Monocacy, 707 of North Point, 680 of Providence, 643 Baxley, H. W., 53, 87, 89, 92, 95, 96, 105, 695, 696, 713 Bayly, A. H., 220, 699, 727 Bayview Asylum, 708 medical appointments, 720 Beale, Jos. A., 691, "722, Beanes, Wm. Jr., 688 Beard, W., 12, 658, 660 Beatty, C. A., 696 G. D., 714 Beer, G. J., 796 Belair, 248 Beneficial Association. See Fund for Widows and Orphans. "Bennett, J. Hughes : his ser- vices," 27s "Benny Havens O!" 521 Bequest, Baxley, 713, 725 Berryman, U. H., 701 Beucke, J., 705 Bevan, Charles F., 261 Bibliography, medical, 186 Bill against animal experimenta- tion, 252 institution for feeble-minded, 202 Medical College, 54, 56, 676 practice, 197, 198 Quarantine, 234 regarding insane, 203 stolen, 168 Billings, J. S., 158, 166, 186, 190, 250, 291, 723 Billingslea, J. L., 717 M. B., 732 Binx, George, 641 Biography, 297 Birckhead L., 707 S., 64, 65, 68, 678, 694 Birnie, C, 246, 255, 288, 290, 291 John, 743 Births. See Deaths. Bishop, Dr., 255 Bladder, exstrophy of, 838 and ureter, examination of fe- male, 272 Bladders, man with two, 164 Bled to death, 643 Blind asylum, 703 "Blindness preventable," 192, 236, 242, 247, 259, 26s, 290 " in the U. S.," 227 Block, E. B., 730 Blood analyses, 809 " current effect of drugs on," 227 first shed in civil war, 706 microscopy of, 838 letting, 670 " pressure in coronary arteries," 174 Board, Eastern Shore, 163 of examiners. See Examiners. of honor, 119 Bond, A. K., 235, 248 John, 653 Oliver, 686 Phineas, 647 Thomas, 647, 652, 653 T. E., 57, 59, 64, 82. 87, 705 Jr., 105, 696, 708, 711 Book and Journal Club, 254, 258, 260, 264, 289, 729 Books, medical, to be read by stU'- dents, 84 studied in 1799, 35 Booth, Edwin, 840 Boracic acid, 174, 591, 716 Bordley, J., 228 Botanic garden proposed, 219 of S. C, 19 858 INDEX Boulden, J. E. P., 716 Bourke, Thomas, 658 Bowditch, Dr., 122 Bowie, John, 689 Boyd, John, 12, 17, 19, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 664, 666 Boyer, Thomas, 694 Boyland, G. H., 194 Braddock's defeat, 652 Bradford, E. H., 271, 281 Brain, abscess of, 215 functions of, 154 Brand system in typhoid fever, 358 Branham, J. H., 213 Brevitt, Joseph, 669, 675, 696 Brice, Judge, 11 1 Brinton, W., 235, 291 Briscoe, J. H., 89, 113, 115, 704 British Museum, 187 Brooke, Baker, 644, 645, 646 John, 646 R., 47, 650, 652, 653, 654, 657, 662, 681 Brookeville Academy, 680 Brown, Gov. F., 238 George, 12, 17, 52, 57, 59, 64, 661, 664, 665, 667, 668, 678, 687 Gustavus, 648, 673 R., 47, 48, 659, 675 James, 727 Morgan, "jd, 96, 697 Septimus, 719 T. R., 152, 157, i6s, 715 Browne, B. B., 165, 170, 172, 205, 208, 261, 269, 713 Bruce, C. D., 62, 65 Brune, T. B., 173, 177, 208, 726 Brush, E. N., 245, 261, 291 Bryant, J. D., 254 Buchanan, George, 12, 13, 17, 172, 649, 650, 651, 661, 664, 665, 666, 672, dyy 859 Buchanan, Judge, iii Buck, Gurdon, 154 Buckler, J., 82, 84, 201, 228, 292, 708 R., 720 T. H., 100, 106, 701, 702, 703, 732 Bureau of information and reg- istration, 293 Burgess, Richard, 659 Burial of dead. See Cremation. ■'Burking," case of, 721 Bust of ^sculapius, 253, 292 of S. Baker, 292 of J. Buckler, 228, 292 of Hippocrates, 253, 292 of C. Johnston, 292 of N. R. Smith, 228, 292 Byrd, H. L., 708, 711, 716, 720 Byrne, B. M., 707 Cadden, C. W., 715 Caesarean section, 213, 453, 478, 694, 695, 806 Caldwell, C., 84 J. B., 81, 683, 686 J. J., 161 Calhoun, Mayor J., Z7 Calomel, use of, 79 Calvert dies, 642 County, 642 Cambridge, 220 Cancer of breast, 272 of rectum, 282 as a parasitic disease," 285 Canfield, W. B., 217, 245, 255 Cardinal Gibbons, 271 Carotid artery, ligation of, 126, 688 Carotids, ligation of both, 483, 488 Carpenter, G. H., 245 Carr, S. J., 290 Carrere, John, 693 Carroll, Charles, 653, 684 Bishop John, 665, 674, dyd INDEX Cars, city passenger, 706 Cartwright, S. A., 82 Cassiday, a murderer, 15, 663 Catalogues of library, 2.T, 90, 95, 97, 113, 124, 150, 158, 161, 164, 166, 199, 258, 264, 291, 702 Cataract couching, 601 extraction, 2)Z> 806 Cathedral consecrated, 686 foundation laid, 675 Catheterization of male ureter, 727, 730 Catholic bishop, first in America, 665 council, first in America, 664, 701, 702 school of theology, first in U. S., (i^ Causin, N. P., Ti "Caustics in dermatological prac- tice," 168 Celsus, 90 Censors, 45, 51, 65, 66, ^^, 84, 88, 93 Centennial, 145, 270 " advancement in medical edu- cation," 288 volume, 264 Cerebral localization. See Brain, Functions of. "Cerebro-spinal meningitis," 266 Certificate, surgeon's, 56 Certificates, 673 and licenses, first, 43 of membership, 51 Cervix uteri, excision of, 688, 788 Chadwick, J. R., 250, 2^7, 291 Chaisty, E. J., 718 Chaille, S. E., 166 Chambers, E. F., 96, in Chancellor of college, 56 C. W. 154 Chancre of tonsil, 197 Chapman, John, 697 Chaplain, J. S., 71 "Character of the model physi- cian," 154 Charity Organization Society, 22,7 Charles County, 642 I. beheaded, 642 II. proclaimed, 642 Charlotte Hall Academy, 656 Charter of Maryland, 639 of Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty, 20, 21, 54, 118, 123, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 204, 207 Chartered rights, discussion of. See Charter. Chatard, F. E., 722 P., 678, 687, 701 report on obstetrics, 134, 704 on yellow fever of 1800, 39 "Chatsworth," 648 Cheever, D. W., 257, 260, 291 "Chemistry in its relation to medicine," 164 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal opened, 691 and Ohio Canal, 690 Chetham, Edward, 648 Chew, S., 90, loi, 109, 142, 143, 147, 697, 702, 707 S. C, 167, 253, 254, 271, 291, 707 Chisolm, J. J., 169, 182, 184, 192, 197, 217, 709, 711 Cholera epidemic, 94, 120, 196, 233, 692, 701, 702, 703, 708 infantum, 82, 678 Christie, Robert, 19 Church, Circular Baptist, 682 Home and Infirmary, 85, 703 first Independent Christ's, 682 P. E. centennial, 719 established, 646 St. Paul's, 683 860 INDEX Church, St. Peter's R. C, 725 W. B., 648 Cinchona. See Peruvian Bark. Circular, 125, 236, 270 City Hall, 691 Clagett, J. E., 708 Z., 689 Claggett, Bishop T. J., 666 Claims preferred, 46 " of science for its own sake," 168 Clark, Dr. 685 Claude, A., 238 D.,73 Clendinen, Alex., 683, 684, 707 W. A., 73, III, 701 Wm. H., 683, 684, 696, 703 Clinic on children, 603, 708 first out-door, 603 nervous, 710 Clinics, 683 "Clitoris, amputation of hyper- trophied," 197 Club, Delphian, 544 Tuesday, 650 Coaches established between Bal- timore and Philadelphia, 661 Baltimore, Frederick and An- napolis, 661 Ccale, E. J., 74 G. B., 172 S. S., 12, 17, 18, 657, 658, 660, 661, 664, 665, 671 Skipwith, 682 Coats, John, 678 Cocaine, 196 Coccus of sputum septicaemia, 175, 231 Cccke. James, 55, 57, 61, 62, 69, 67s. 680 Cockey, J. C, 717 J. P., 90 Cockrill, J. J., 149 Cod liver oil introduced, 121 Cohen, J. I., 90, 102, 103, 107, 113, 114, IIS, 118, 129, 131, 133, 135, 139, 689, 697, 710 S. S., 251, 257, 291 Cole's Harbor, 645 Coleman, R., 697 College, Baltimore, 59, 674, 686 Medical, 281, 717 City, 713 Cokesbury, 668 Frederick City, 669 Jeflferson Medical, 821 Loyola, 703 Maryland Medical, 270, 281, 731 Medical building, 679 of Medicine of Md., 54, 59, 83, 131, 676 Medical, proposed, 14 Mount St. Mary's, 674 Physicians and Surgeons, 171, 270, 711, 712, 714, 720, 724, 730 Philadelphia, 172, 655 Princeton, 172 Rock Hill, 70s St. James, 698 St. John's, 706, 708, 662, 664 St. Mary's 55, S9, 666, 675, 703 Southern Homoeopathic, 724, 726 Washington (Chestertown),66i, 719 (Penna.), 689 Medical (Balto.), 8s, 86, 692, 694, 695, 696 Woman's Medical, 202, 307, 717, 727 Yale, 172 Colleges, medical make demands, 261 Collins, Stephen, 53, 106 Collodion introduced, 121 861 \ INDEX Colored physician, first admitted, I Conrad, J. S., 167, 182, 197, 203 177, 627 Colotomy, 714 Colton, Dr., 698 Comet discovered, 717 Committee on blindness, 241 centennial, 241, 256, 270 chemistry, 123 on conversation meetings, 117, 123 of correspondence, record and publication, 64 editorial, 107, 109 ethics, 269 executive, 144, 145, 146, 149, 706 finance, 256 hygiene, 195, 197 legislation, 246, 257, 260, 265, 269 library, 269. See also Library. membership, 212, 213, 219, 229, 290 memoir, 117, 123, 269 new members, 117, 123 obstetric, 123 pathology and practice, 123 permanent location, 245 pharmacopoeia, 117, 123 programme, 229, 269 publication. SteTransactions. . public health, 233, 240, 255, 258, 264, 289 purchasing, 149 reception, 172 sanitation. See Public Health. surgery, 123 Committees, standing, 117, 123, 142, 240, 269 Company, Ancient and Honor- able Mechanical, 654 first for Revolution at Balti- more, 656 Confidential communications, 162, 163 Congress meets at Baltimore, 659 Constitution, 153, 159, 166, 169, 172, 173, 176, 178, 189, 193, 195, 201, 205, 229, 240, 246, 256, 268, 731 Consumption contagious, 67, 677 "Contagion," 7^ "Contribution to medical history of Md.," 157 Convention, delegates appointed to national medical, 98, 107, 116 Cooke, T., Jr., 261 Cooksey, Francis, 60 Coomes, S., 62, 65 Co-operation, 9 Cordell, E. F., 170, 192, 196, 208 Corrosive sublimate, 191, 226 Coskery, F. S., 712 O. J., 151, 159, 168, 173, 188, 208, 215, 723 Wm., 692 Coulbourn, A. W., 721 Coulter, John, 36, 656, 658, 667, 677, 678, 688 M., 697 Councilman, W. T., 238, 266, 291, 71S, 720, 730 "Country doctor," 265 Course, annual lengthened, 696 four-year, 729 three-year, 723, 725 Court, first in BaJto. Co., 644 first in Md., 640 first U. S. at Balto., 665 Courthouse erected, 676, 677 Courtland St. Building, 149, 153, ISS, 157, 160, 163, 167, 171, 17s, ^77, 198 Cox, C. C, 53, 123, 13s, 136, 718 E. G., 719 Coxe, E. C, 718 Cradock, John, 655, 661, 668 Thomas, 655, 656, 657, 659, 686 862 INDEX Craig, Dr., 731 James, 655, 659 Craigen, W. J., 244 Crane, Dr., 96, 136 Crawford, Adair, 758 John, 48, 52, 53, 54, 64, 65, 66, 69, 669, 671, 672, (>7z, 674, 677, 678, 680, 758 Crawford's library purchased by University of Md., 89 Cremation, 197 Crim, W. H., 732 "Crime and its prevention," 214 Cromwell, John, 64, 65, (^, 94, 678, 693 Oliver, 642, 643 Cryptorchidism, 192 Cullen, T. S., 261 Cumberland, 150, 244 Cuneiform tablets, 292 Curator, 163, 171, 176 Currie, Wm., 753 Curtis, H., 60 Cushing, H. W., 731 DaCosta, J. M., 254 Dalcho, F., 14, 17, 18, 664 Daly, J. W., 689 "Danger and duty of hour," 173 Dare, Dr., 708 Dashiell, W. A., 657, 660 Daugherty, T., 721 Davidge, J. B., zd, 2,7, 4i, 42, 52, S2, 54, 55, 57, 59, 61, 64, 69, 81, 668, 669, 671, 674, 67s, 676, 683, 688, 691, 77Z Davidson, James, 678 Davis, Elijah, 691 W. H., 112, 117, 123, 717 Dawson, R., 62, 65 Day, Dr., 670 Deaths, births, etc., registration of, 12, 118, 121, 123, 124, 133, 154, 168, 642, 665, 718, 720 De Butts, E., 53, 62, 7z, 75, 76, 680, 683, 692 Debt, 263 " of the public to the medical profession," 280 Decimal system of weights and measures urged, 135 Declaration of Independence, 659 De Corse, Capt. John, 15 De Coursey, Michael, 645 Degree of LL.D., 688 of M.B., 747, 753 of M.D. Hon., 689, 747 " of certainty in therapeutics," 159 Delaware Regiment, First, 20 Delegate to Europe, 113 Delegates from local societies, 269 De Loughery, E., 721 Denny, T., 84, 87, 682 Dental instruction, early, 105, 429, 433, 686, 695 Dentistry, school of, 717 Dentists licensed, 46, 105 DeWolf, J. H., 219 Diabetes, 810 Dickinson, S. S., 697 Dickson, Benjamin, 788 "Dietetics in disease," 191 Dinner, centennial, 287 "Diphtheria," 224, 717 "Diphtheritic ulceration of air pas- sages," 182 Diplococcus meningitidis, 266 pneumonicB, 716, 724 Diploma of College of Medicine of Md., 60 does not entitle to license, 51, 198 first medical, 655, 748 honorary of 1723, 172 not required for practice, 142 of University a state license, 97 863 INDEX Diploma of University of Glas- gow, 745 Diplomas, presentation of, 172 recognition of, 86, 123 Directory, city, 669 medical, 121 Dirickson, E. J., 261 "Disease and recovery," 251 Diseases in Baltimore in i8og-ii, 66, 67, 68 Discussion, medical, 13 Disinfection by steam, 229, 233, Dislocation of humerus, 576,673,793 Dispensary, Baltimore General, 672, 676, 684, 761 clinics, 708 Eastern, 684 for eye, 688 Southern, 700 special, 703, 706, 708 University, 710 for women, first at Baltimore, 317, 23^ Dispute, medical, 23 Dissection, 59 made compulsory, 693 mob, 15, 55, 663, 676 District of Columbia Med. Asso- ciation, memorial from, 252 75th anniversary, 240 Districts formed, 54 Diuretics, 810, 814 Dobell, B., 670 Doctor, Indian, prosecuted, 84 of Medicine, 56 " by act of Assembly," 57 "Does medicine advance?" 260 Donaldson, R, 123, 124, 125, 127, 138, 140, 147, 159, 160, 178, 182, 196, 208, 257, 703, 708, 726, 842 Donaldson, F., Jr., 181, 197 H. H., 181 W., 57, 59, 64, 65, 69, 81, 84, 87, 680, 686, 694, 763 Doncastle, John, 655 Donovan room, 272, 292 Dorling, Moses, 668 Dorsey, Fredk., 705 H., 686 J. W., 688 Judge, III R. E., 713 W. H., 60 Doughady, Johnsey, 673 Dougherty, B. A., 713 Douler, Dr., 672 Drug store, first at Balto., 051 first in Queen Anne Co., 675 "Drugs, action of," 196 Drugs, potent, 194 Drysdale, Thomas. 666, 667, 671 Ducachet, W. H., 684 Ducatel, Jules T., 684, 688, 701 Duckett, R. I., 673 Duel, Pattison-Cadwallader, 530, 688 between students, 690 Dues, annual. 140 Duhamel, W. J. C, 710, 719 Dulaney, Dr., 719 Dulin, A. F., 120, 126, 713 Dunan, A., 93 L. M., 672 Dunbar, J. R. W., 97, 98, 100, 113, IIS, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 142, 149, 695, 696, 711 Dunglison, R., 53, 90, 97, 693, 710 Dunkel, Dr., 675 Dunott, T. J., 166, 727 Durham, Aquila, 670 Durkee, R. A., 97, 98, 109, 118, 701 Dysentery, 653, 667, 668, 720 864 INDEX Ear, diseases of, 823 Earle, Dr., 682 J. c, 732 S. T., 217, 228, 248 East Baltimore Lycseutn and Franklin Inst, founded, ^7 Eastman, L. M., 708 Easton, annual meeting at, 122 semi-annual meetings at, 129, 132, 232 Ebers papyrus, 292 Edgar, J. C, 287 Edison fluoroscope, 255 Edrington, E. G., 97, 126 Education, committee on, 156 in Maryland, 640 preliminary, 195 reform in medical, 155 Elbert, John L., 657 L.. 655 Electric railway, first, 721 Elkton, hospital at during Revo- lution, 506 malignant bilious fever at, 675 Ellis, C. M., 246, 265, 291 Ellyson, Robert, 640 Elzey, Arnold, 684 Emory, J. D., 51, 681, 694 "Empyema," 240 Endocarditis, ulcerative, due to j bacillus diphtheriticus, 727 ! Endowment fund. University of Maryland, 727 "Epidemic diseases," 151 Epidemics of 1813 and 1814, 757 Epizootic, 653, 711, 717 Ergot, use of, 558, 692 Erich, A. F., 159, 165, 709, 712, 714 Essays. 82, 87, 92, 149 Ethics, 129, :68, 169, 182, 186, 192, 219 Ethics, first code of in Md., 94, 692 Etting, Solomon, 689 "European medicine in 1799," 282 Eutaw Street Hall, 245, 248, 251, 254, 255, 263 Evans, A. A., 675 T. B., 208 Examiners, medical, 56, 57, 65, 69, 73, 77, 84, 86, 93, 119, 123. 129, 136, 137, 138, 154, ISS, 162, 176, 198, 207, 215, 220, 228, 241, 242, 246, 261, 726 Examination for license, 54 preliminary, 686, 723 Examining board, proposal to do away with, 72 Excision of upper jaw. See Jaw, Upper. Executive committee, 45, 148, 150, 151, 154, 15s, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 167, 189, 193, 198, 211, 216, 219, 229, 230, 23s, 236, 246, 253, 264, 289, 290 Exhibition, centennial, of portraits, books, etc., 276, 291 of drugs, 199, 211, 218, 230, 235, 241, 253, 264, 272, 288, 289, 293 Exile during Revolution, 743 Experimental physiology and microscopy, 703 Expert, medical, 162 Expulsion of members, 119 144, 173, 219 "Extremes in therapeutics," 162 Eye diseases, ward for, 688 treatise on, 688, 798 and ear diseases, chair of, 711 Dispensary, Baltimore, 712 Infirmary, 697, 709 Institute, 358, 711 malignant disease of, cured, 122 865 INDEX "Faculty," the name, 187 Falls, M., 13, 66s, 669 Fassitt, T. S., 699 Fauntleroy, A. M., 176, 179, 721 Fee, entrance, 269 table, 159, 170, 244, 640, 660 Fees, medical, 12, 169. 643, 644. 645, 653, 659, 686 Feeble-minded, institution for, 186. 202. 212. 723 Fells Point, 656 institute, 694 Fever, bilious. 674 epidemic. 6.79 intermittent, prussiate of iron in.. 687 malignant, 653, 654, 670, 675 milk, 227 remittent, 808 spotted, 653, 678 typhoid, 227, 358 typhus, 87, 664, 693, 710 yellow, Tz, 4S6, 666, 667, 669, 670, 671, (>^2, 673, 676, 68s, 703, 713, 715, 752 yellow at Norfolk and Ports- mouth, 704 Fibro-adeno-enchondroma, remov- al of, 173 Finances, 139, 151 Fine, 642 Finney, J. M. T., 255 Fire-engine, first at Baltimore, 65s, 7oa first in Md., 652 Fisher, W., 76, 84, 106, 715 W. R., 698 Fiske fund, 610 Fitz, R. H., 23s, 238, 291 Flag, first continental, 6s7 Fleming, G. A., 269 Fletcher, R., 250 Flexner, S., 2SS, 728, 729 Fonerden, Adam, 37 J-, 53, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94. 95, 96, 97, 112, 114, 119, 121, 122. 710 Forceps, Chamberlen's, 257 Knight's, 706 Neale's, 196 Foreman, E.. 721 "Form of pulse wave and mean ar- terial pressure in a dog with patent ductus arte- riosus," 180 Fort McHenry, 497, 667 bombardment of, 680 S. J., 245 Forwood, W. S., 721, 727 Foucht, Jacob, 33 Fracture of clavicle, apparatus for,. 682 of lower jaw, apparatus for, 807 of thigh, apparatus for, 686 Frasnkel, 175, 231 Frailey, Dr., 90 Franklin, B., 47 Saloon, 113 French encamp at Baltimore, 661 Fredericktown, 13, 136, 269, 717 Frick, C, 116, 130, 146, 2S3, 2S4, 700, 701, 702, 703, 70s, 706, 807 fund, 2S3, 2S7, 2S8, 264, 288, 289 G., 81, 82, 684, 687, 688, 710, 795 library, 253, 257, 730 Friedenwald, A., 216, 217, 2S3, 72)'2' J., 261 H., 244 Fulton, J. S., 261 "Functions of the State Faculty," 255 Fund, building, 264, 288, 290 centennial, 270 endowment. See Fund, Build- ing. 866 INDEX Fund, sinking, 253 for widows and children, of de- ceased members, 75, 113, 123 "GaiTj human," 281 Gaither, G. R., 288 "Ganglion cells, physiology of," 227 Gannt. Edward, 695 Gardner, W. S., 227, 235, 261 Garnet, George, 654 Garretson. F.. i.t;o Garrett, Mary E., 726 Sanitarium. 722. 724 Gas, first use of for lighting in the world, 682 from wood discovered, 673 "Gasserian ganglion, excision of for facial neuralgia," 237 Gastrotomy, 188 by a cobbler, 751 " and gastro-enterostomy," 257 Geddings, E., 53, 89, 95, 96. 693, 715 Georgetown contributes to yel- low fever sufferers, 79 Gerard, Thomas, 640, 641, 643, 644 Germ, theory, 210, jdy, 781 Gettysburg, battle of. 707 Ghiselin, R., 688 Gibson, C. B., 707 G. S., 90, T09, III, 711 W., 62, 76, 678, 679, 680, 683, 684, 686, 694, 695, 709, 802 Gichner, J. E., 255 Gilchrist, T. C., 269 Gillingham, E., 82, 83, 683, 689 Gilman, D. C, 271, 287 J., 14/, 146, 147, 148, 152, 180, 189, 704, 719 Girardin, L. H., 686 Giraud, J. J., 672, 696 Gist, Mordecai, 656 Gittings, S., 689 Goddard, William, 656 Godefroy, M., 681, 764 Godman, J. D., 692, 771 Godson, Peter, 642, 643 Goldsborough, B. W., 731 Howes, 675 R., SI, 72, iS, 82, 84, 86, 93, 95, 681, 701 Goodell, W., 171, 173, 728 Goodwin, Lyde, 12, 17, ^ 164, 166, 183, 195, 214, 224, 245, 246, 247, 257, 269, 288 honorary, 120, 163, 166, 171, 176, 23s, 240, 257, 291 question of, 42, 297 Memoirs, 738. Also see Report on. Meningococcus intracellular is, TZ^ Mercantile Library Association, 696, 698 Mercer, Hugh, 780 Mercury, 670 Merrick, S. K., 255 "Mery's Tavern," 671 Messick, W. J., 261 Methodist dress, 302 Methodists, 668, 669 first organize at Baltimore, 662, 666 Mettauer, J. P., 694, 695, 713 Michael, J. E., 172, 191, 197, 208, 211, 217, 226, 235, 248, 729, 834 Micrococcus lanceolatus, 231, 729 Microscopy, 162, 216 Middlemore, Josias, 648, 653 Middleton, James, 683, 684 loan to Mrs., 88 Midwifery, license to practice, 236 Midwives, 247, 257, 259, 265, 290, 665 Miles, F. T., 154, 709, 710 Military and operative surgery, chair of, 709 Milk conference, 258 laboratory (Walker-Gordon), 254 Miller, G. B., 731 J. H., 53, 85, 92, 98, 703 Wm. C., 689 Miltenberger, G. W., 91, 134, 137, 141, 144, 206, 208, 210, 253, 698, 705 Ministerial Union, 235 Mitchell, Abraham, 683 C. W., 240 George E., 693 S. L., 37 S. W., 162, 163, 291 Models, anatomical, 681 Monkur, J. C. S., 694, 709 Monmonier, J. P., 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 157, 713, 728 Monograph, first medical by a Baltimorean, 664 Montgomery, W. T., 717 Monument, Battle, 681 Washington, 681 Moon, T. R., 682 Moore, Mordecai, 646 R., 50, 76, 81, 84 Moores, Daniel, 36, 674 Moorman, J. J., 166, 721 Moral reform, 235 Morgan, G. E., 141, 147, 708, 713 Morgue, city, 725 Morris, J., 134, 152, 153, i55, iQo, 192, 194, 196, 197, 203, 214 Morrison, M., 698 Mortgage, 149, 245, 249, 253 875 INDEX Mosher, Wm., 710 Mount Hope Retreat founded, 696, 698, 708 Murder of Capt. De Corse, 15 Murdoch, T. F., 703 Murphy, J., 100, III Thomas L., 700 Murray, James, 661, 685 Richard, 652 W. W., 711 Museum, 163, 171, 176, 193 Johns Hopkins, 193 Peak's, 681, 691 Mutter, Dr., 100 Myotomy, 690 Name, change of proposed, 178 "Naso-pharyngeal polypus re- moved by depression of upper jaws," 165 Natural history, American, work on, Tjy chair of, 761, 797 Naval Academy, 239, 699, 706, 708 Neale, John, 90 Joseph, 90 L. E., 196, 213, 235, 269 Neff, John, 708 Neill, John, 682 Nelson, John, 114 Nephrectomy, 188 "Nervous disease, causation of." 247 diseases, dispensary for, 603 " system, nature and phenomena of," 88 New assembly rooms, 108 Newspaper, first at Baltimore, 656 Night sessions, 223 Nitrous oxide gas, 698 Noel, H. R., 715 P. E., 52, 64, 680 North American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 693 Northern Central R. R. begun, 691 incorporated, 690 Nostrums, 284 Nurses' directory, 173, 177, 185, 190, 201, 208, 212, 213, 218, 223, 224, 229, 236, 241, 247, 254. 255, 259 at Boston, 177 Training School, 715, 722, 723, 72s Nuttall, Dr., 726 O'Brien, L., 93 Obstetric teaching, 287 Ocean City, 261 O'Connor, J., 60, 685 Oculists, early, 601 licensed, 46 O'Donnell, D. A., 713 O'Donovan, J. H., 710 Office, members ineligible to, two- successive years, 121, 269 Officers of Faculty, 269 Oliver, Nicholas, 645 Operative surgery, course on, 699, 711 Ophthalmia neonatorum, 236, 247, 265, 290 "Ophthalmology and otology, early at Baltimore," 257 Opie, Thomas, 179, 711 Orations, 27 Orator fi'st appointed, 51 Orators, 52, 53, 54, 65, 72>, 75, 76, 83, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 95, 96, 106, 109, 113, 114, 123, 136, 140, 142, 151, 153, 154, 157, 159- 162, 164, 166, 168, '^72,, 179- 191, 196, 206, 210, 212, 214, 217, 227, 243, 247, 250, 251, 260 Organization, 13, 127, 145, 223 oldest civic in U. S., 654 Oribasius, 90 876 INDEX Orrick, J., 60 Orthopaedists, 470 Osier, William, 214, 245, 246, 250, 253, 255, 261, 263, 269, 281, 288, 291, 722, 724, 725 "Osseous and ligamentous ano- malies," 182 "Osteo-myelitis, acute," 228 Osteo-sarcoma, 179, 227 Otologist, 358 Otway, Francis, 641 Ovariotomy attempted, 687, 789 early, 470, SH, 700 in pregnancy, 174, 71 5 urged, 675 Owen, J.. 53- 64, 1^, 7^, 81, 688 Owings, Dr., 121, 657 Samuel, 653, 663 Thomas, 708 Oyster shucker's keratitis, 729 Packets between Baltimore and Philadelphia, 675 Page, James, 680 J. R., 151, 732 Painter, Mr., apothecary, refused license, 77 Pan-American Medical Congress, 228 Pape. G. W., 718 Paper mill, first, 721 Papers, volunteer, 134 Parish, Joseph, 151 Park, Druid Hill, 706 Public, proposed, 12, 665 Roswell, 271, 285 Parmley, E., 696 "Parnassus," 47, 582, 655 Parotid removed. 688, 695 Parran, John, 660 Partridge, Buckler, 650, 666 Pasteur Institute of College of Physicians and Surgeons, 272, 46s, 730 Pasteur, L., 175, I79, 231 Patella, ring for fractured, 706 Patent for locomotive, 687 for vaccination, 687 Pathology, course on, 700 Paton, S., 269 Pattison, G. S., 686, 689, 702 Paulus, 90 Payne, Dr., 647 Peabody Institute, 705, 7o6, 708 Peace celebrated, 661 with Indians, 642 Peerce, John, 645 "Peggy Stewart," 608, 6>7 Penises, man with two, 164 Penitentiary, 674, 761 Pepper, Wm., 191, 732 "Peritonitis," 256 due to gonococcus, 731 Perkins, J. F., 704 "Pernicious delay in surgical cases," 247 Peruvian bark, 668, 674, 75 1 use on the 7th day, 751 Pessary, figure-of-eight (Erich), 159 for procidentia, 709 Petition 1788, 15 Pharmacology, 196 Pharmacopoeia. See Report on. Pharmacopoeial convention, 685 delegates to national, 76 Pharmacy, chair of, 106 first chair of, 698 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore R. R. organ- ized, 696 Phosphorus, white, discovered, 718 "Phthisis, predisposition to," 243 "Physic Hill," 7^9 "Physicians of Baltimore," 183 number of, 92 Physick, P. S.. P04 877 INDEX "Physiology of secretion," i66 Piggott, A. S., 710 Pindell, R., 693 Piper, W. J., 720 Pitt, William, statue of, 655 Pitts, J. D., shoots L. T. Walter, 720, 721 Piatt, W. B., 197, 248 Pledge of honor broken, 262 Pneumococcus, 230, 231 demonstrated in 1881, 175 "Pneumonia, etiology of acute lobar," 230 Poe, E. A., 510, 701 Poisons, 194 Pollution of streams, 194 "Polypi nasal, cough due to," 192 Poor, physicians to, 657 Relief Association, 666 Population, 92, 640, 644, 645, 648, 652, 653, 657, 658, 661, 663, 665, 672, 677, 685, 6gi, 696, 701, 706, 710, 716, 723 Porter, G. E., 159, 72^ Portraits, 264 Posterior suspensory splint (Smith's), 691 Potter, N., 43, 51, 52, 53, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 72>, 74, 75, 7(>, 78, 82, 86, 87, 98, 100, 657, 668, 683, 698 diary of 1799, 21 Pottinger, Dr., 703 Powell, J. F., 145 Power, W., 100, 697, 699, 703, 808 Pregnancy, intra and extra uter- ine twin, 174, 716 Prescriptions, percentage on, 129 "Presentations, ten consecutive breech," 174 Presidents, list of, 72Z Preston, G. J., 217, 239, 245, 255 "Preventable blindness," 192 Prevention of disease, 10 Priestley, James, 59, 671, 674 Prize, 82, 84, 86, 87, 92 Academy of Medicine, 715 essays rejected, 92 Eugene Horwitz, 732 "Probes large, in strictures of nasal duct," 162, 714 Prosecution of graduates without license, 82, 93, 96, 97, 692 "Prostatic fascia," 794 Protestant Union Infirmary, 703 Psychology. See Report on. Pue, A., 700 Michael, 656, 668 "Puerperal eclampsia," 206 " fever," 808 " infection," 235 Pulton, Alexius, 641 Puritans in Md., 642 Purlivant, Richard, 640 Purnell, G. W., 699 John, 673 J. B. R., 261 Quack medicine, first in America, 669 Quacks, 15, :i2, 207, 208 Qualifications of medical students. See Students, Medical. of members. See Members. Quarantine, 234, 647, 655, 656, 659, 662, 666, 667, 668, 669, 671, 672, 677, 692 convention, national, 705, 706 Question of membership. See Membership. Quinan, J. R., 103, 161, 170, 172, 183, 184, 191, 193, 204, 20s, 206, 207, 208, 725 on act of 1838-39, 103, 204, 205 P. A., 708 Quorum, 144 878 INDEX "Rabies," 256, 272, 464 "Rambles of a naturalist," T]y Ramsay, David, 656 Randolph, R. L., 244, 729 Rattenbury, John, 648 Raynaud, 188 Rayner, I., 234 Readel, J. D., 76, 82, 120, 704 Receptions, 281 "Rechabite Hall," 128, 129, 134, 135 "Reciprocal action of morbid bodily and mental influences," 179 Record, oldest MS., 65 Records of Faculty, 2^ of Maryland lost, 641 Rees, J. T., 53, 65, 69, 76, 693 Reese, D. M., 79, 84, 684, 687, 707 Reform, medical, 13, 116, 662, 663 Regents vs. Trustees, 57, .63, 130, 695, 696 of Medical College, 56, 57 Regester, W. G., 154, 718 Register, medical, 162, 163 Registration of births, etc. See Deaths. of physicians, 261 Regulation, medical, 14, 195, 197, 220, 246, 663, 664 Regulations of 1799, 31 Remedies secret, 129 "Removal and destruction of or- ganic wastes," 206 Remsen, I., 164 "Renal diseases," 809 Report on auscultation, 125, 138 on chemistry and pharmacy, 115, 125, 130, 134, 136, 138 on cholera, 120 on debts and assets, 109 of discussions, 172 of infectious diseases required, 718, 723, 724 Report on materia medica and pharmacy, 121 on medicine and surgery, 97, 98, 107, 109, 115, 117, 121, 122, 125, 130, 134, 142, 157, 159. 162, 164, 168, 188, 191, 234 on memoirs, 125, 133, 136, 137 on microscopy, 162, 178 on obstetrics and gynaecology, 112, 113, IIS, 121, 122, 134, 145, 156, 159, 179, 226 on ophthalmology, otology and laryngology, 178 on pharmacopoeia, 125, 134 on physiology and pathology, 178 on psychology, 167, 178, 182, 197 on sanitary science, 178, 197 on therapeutics, 125 Resignation, conditions of, 173, 205 Reuling, G., 168, 169, 292, 709 Revere, John, 688, 700 Revival of Faculty, 124 Rich, A., 716 Ricord, Philippe, 672, 723 Ridgely, F., 12, 657, 660 Ridout, John, 744 Riley, William, 697 Ring, Dr., 48 Riots, newspaper, 679 Roberts, George, 679, 690 G. C. M., 98, loi, 102, 103, 109, III, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 137, 141, 144, 147, 149, 163, 171, 176, 710 S. L. P., 688 Robinson, A. C., 120, 144, 711 G. L., 712 Roby, Jos., 697, 706 Rockville, 227 Academy, 677 Rodgers, Dr., 682 Rodriques, L. S., 64 Rogers, J. B., 703 56 879 INDEX Rogers, P. K., 47, 53, 76, 681, 691 Rohe, G. H., 194, 195, 197, 212, 239, 242, 2SS, 289, 732 Ross, John, 34, 661, 666, 667 Royal College of Physicians, 472 Rumsey, James, 662 Rumsy, John, 690 Rush, B., 74 Medical Club, 163, 634 Rusk, G. G., 173 Russell, Walter, 639 W. W., 248 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 14 St, Domingo, French refugees from, 666 St. Mary's, settlement at, 639 Salary. See Fees. Salzer, H., 244 Saltpetre, manufacture of, 658 Samuel Ready Orphan Asylum, 707 Sanitary council, 720 survey of Md., 194 Sappington, J. K., 692 Savings bank, first, 684 Scanlan, J., 72 Scarlatina, 662, 703, 705, 710 Schaefifer, E. M., 235, 245, 7^2 Schnebly, H., 660 Jacob, 667 School, medical of 1789-90, 17, 20 public, free system established, 689 Schools, early medical, 58 " medical of Baltimore," 170 Schwartze, E., 721 Scott, Andrew, 651 E., 52, 674, 698 John, 663 J. M., 228, 288 Upton, 42, 680, 738 Scotti, Mrs., Ill Scribonius, 90 Seal, 138 Secretary, corresponding, first, 76 duties of, 269 reporting, first, 178 Secretaries, list of, 734 Section on microscopy, etc. See Report on. Sections, 149, 150, 162, 178, 179, 209, 229, 234, 256 done away with, 229, 234 Sedgwick, W. T., 174, 179 Semmes, B. J., 65 Senate chamber, 238 Seneka root, 751 "Septicaemia in rabbit from injec- tion of saliva," 174 "Septon," 752 Sesqui-centennial of Baltimore, 170, 183 Sewall, H., 181 Sewerage, 264 system of Baltimore, 727 Shaaff, J. T., 685 Sharp, Peter, 643, 644, 645 Sharpe, Gov. Horatio, 741 Shaw, J., 55, 57, 62, 64, 675, 677 Sheppard Asylum, 703 Shippen, W., 753 Shot tower erected, 690 Simmons, H. M., 269 T. W., 154 Simon, C. E., 725 Sixth Massachusetts Regiment passes through Balti- more, 706 Skates, Gideon, 646 Skinner, Henry, 685 Slave, first in Md., 640 Slavery abolished, 707 " evils of," 666, 667 Society for Abolition of, 662, 880 INDEX Smallpox, 47, 51, 75, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 657, 658, 659, 677, 678, 681, 683, 684, 686, 693, 695, 699, 700, 702, 703, 705, 706, 707, 710, 711, 7I:J 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 728 Smallwood's battalion, 16 Smith, A. P., 164, 711, 714, 732, 830 Emperor, 643 F. B., 228 G. B., 119, 709 James, 36, 48, 49, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 82, 669, 672, 673, 677, 679, 680, 681, 68s, 687, 697 John, 657 Jos. Sim, 687 Jos. T., Jr., 217 Nathan, 818 N. R., 53, 88, 109, 113, 150, 151, 152, 154, 159, 164, 165, 228, 292, 689, 690, 691, 692, 695, 697, 698, 706, 709, 714, 818 Patrick Sim, 660 S. P., 152, 166, 718 W. F., 236 Smith's voyages, 639 Smoker, 281 Smull, C, 35, 708 Smyth, James, 66, 675, 678, 680, 681, 685 Snakebite, 640 Snyder, C. L., 60 Societies, county, 98, 129. 270, 288, 290 early, 11, 664 " Medical of Baltimore," 170 Medico-Chirurgical, 54, 77, 78, 80, 94, 117, 129, 134, 140 " our sister of the i8th cen- tury," 288 scientific, 128 Society, Allegany Co., 189, 708 Society, American of Dental Sur- geons, 429, 433 Philosophical, 172 Physiological, 728 attempt to found new state, 709 Baltimore Medical, 675, 678, 683, 763 of 1788, 14, 664 of 1789, 17, 34, 664, 665 and Surgical, 147, 189, 702, 711 Neurological, 255 Pathological, 128, 148, 152, 703, 709, 811 Benevolent, 672 Bible, 761 Cecil Co., 183, 189 Charitable Marine, 669 Clinical of Md., 161, 183, 189, 200, 249, 713 Colonization, 683 District, 54, 71, 73, 76, 78, 128 "Drooping," 124, 136, 147 Easton Medical, 726 Epidemiological, 711 Frederick Co., 117 German, 682 Medical, 711 Immigrant, 16 Harford Medical, 13, 669 Co. Medical, 708, 721, 748 Historical, 192 Homoeopathic, 198, 242 Hibernian Benevolent, 761 Humane, 12, 665 Indigent Sick, 688 Jennerian, 678 Johns Hopkins Hospital, 723 Kent Co., 117, 165 Maryland for Promoting Knowledge, 671, 761 Massachusetts, 98 Medical of Md.. 683, 685. 686 INDEX Society, Medico-Chirurgical, 692, Statue of Christ, 730 704 Montgomery Co., 227 New Jersey, 195 New York, 76, 182 Northeast Clinical, 713 Pennsylvania, 189 and Md. Union, 716 for Protection of Children, 715 for Prevention of Hydrophobia, 680 Queen, Anne Co., 165 for Relief of Widows and Or- phans. See Fund for. Sixth District, 71, 75, 76, 82, 682 South Carolina, 19 State, 179 of 1788, 14, 664 Veterinary, 218 Washington Co., 723 "Some problems of mental action," 212 Somerset Co., topography of, 136 Somervell, James, 652 Somerville, Wm., 682 Sparks, Jared, 682 Sparrold, James, 654 Specialties, instruction in, 707 Speculum, Erich's, 712 Howard's, 157 Spedden, Dr., 682 Spence, Judge, iii "Sp'hygmograph," 168 Splenectomy, 188 Splint, anterior (Smith's), 159, 706, 823, 824, 833 " anterior extension," 159 Croft's modified (Coskery), 168 " suspenso-extensory," 154 Stansley, John, 645, 646 "Star-Spangled Banner," 316 Starr, H., 289 M. A., 247, 291 Stark's tavern, 14, 663 Status of profession in 1799, 32 'Steam, first journey by in U. S., 691 vehicle, first in world at Balti- more, 663 Steamboat, first on Chesapeake, 679 line between Baltimore and An- napolis, 682 Steamer, first to Europe, 696 invented by Rumsey, 662 Steiner, L. H., 134, 135, 136, 138, 144, 154, 704, 727 Stenhouse, Alex., 656, 658 Sternberg, G. M., 174, 230, 250, 287, 716 Steuart, James, 52, 660, 661, 687, 699 J. A., 711 R. S., 53, 86, 88, 117, 122, 123, 147, 693, 712, 713 Stevens, R., 76 Stevenson, Cosmo G., 689 G. P., 13, 680, 685 Henry, 47, 650, 654, 655, 656, 658, 663, 665, 670, 680 John, 650, 656, 662 J. M., 71S J. S., 718 Stewart, D., 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 125, 134, 13s, 683, 697, 698, 700, 703, 732 Stinnecke, C. F., 673 H. A., 704 Stock owned by Faculty, 70, 84, 95, 106, 108, 109, 131, 135, 138, 139, 140, 146, 151, 676, 734 sold, III Stockett, Francis, 644 J. S., 62 Thomas N., 674 Stokes, W. H., 727 W. R., 261, 729 882 INDEX Stone, Governor, 643 C. E., 22-J Stonestreet, E. E., 227 H., 62, 65 Strabismus operated on. See Gib- son, W. Street, D., 291 Stricture of rectum, dilator for (Tiffany), 162 " of urethra," 165 dilatation of, 793 Students, beneficiary, 712 medical, qualifications of, 83 Suit for fees, 641, 644 for malpractice, 144, 168 against treasurer, 151 Sullivan, James, 674 Sun issued, 695 Supplee & Co., 149 Surgeon-General, U. S. A., 158, 161 "Surgeons of Baltimore," 170 Surgery, abdominal, 191 conservative, of female genera- tive organs," 275 " plastic," 837 Surrender of Province to Lord Baltimore, 644 Swearingen, C., 693 Sweat shops, 265 Sweet Springs of Va., 44 Swinton, Dr., 652 Sydenham Society publications, 183 Sykes, Dr., 87 Tabbs, Barton, 684 Talbot Co., diseases of, 75 Taneyhill, G. L., 170, 182, 203, 211, 218, 230, 235, 291 Taylor, Christian, 689 Christopher, 657 I. B., 65 J., 48 J. B., 691 Taylor, R. T., 729 W., 48 Telegraph between Baltimore and Washington, 699 Telephone, 208 Tenotomy for strabismus, 807 Tetanus, case of, 71 Thayer, W. S., 2^2 Theatre, first at Baltimore, 660 Theobald, E. W., 116. 120, 700, 702 Samuel, 157, 162, 174, 192, 291, 714, 716 Thesis, 56, 201, 208 "Thermantidote," 167 Thorn, L. P., 202 Thomas, J. C, 166, 169, 173, 182 195, 197, 203, 208, 731 J. H., 717 R. H., 197, 706 P., 42, 44, 65, 69, 681 T., so, 52, 64, 71, 75, 7^, 82, 84, 87, 674, 682, 700 Thompson, S., 47, 48, 699 Thomson, A., 47, 650, 651, 652, (i()<>, 682 I. D., 167, 717 Thomsonian book, 102 Thomsonians, 96, 98, loi, 114, 130, 204, 207, 69s authorized to practice, 102 "Thoracentesis by pneumatic as- piration," 160 "Thyroid feeding in insane," 251 Tiffany, L. M., 162, 165, 168, 173, 182, 208, 237, 240, 250, 291, 714, 715, 716, 727 Tilden, W. B., 43 Tilghman, Richard, 644, 645. 646 Tilyard, Mr., 112 "Tinnitus aurium," 157 Tobacco first cultivated in Mary- land, 640 Todd, Christopher, 701 883 INDEX Todd, G. W., 730 Toleration act, 642 Toner library, offered and de- clined, 178 J. M., 157, 163, 170, 730 Tootel, Richard, 660, 661 Toy, J. D., 90 Tracheotomy, 687, 688, 793, 838 Trade, wheat, of Baltimore, 656 Transactions, 27, 64, 74, ^(i, 119, 129, 13s, 140, 145, 151, 152, 165, 170, 176, 179, 194, 198, 211, 227, 228, 236, 238, 241, 261, 268, 269 exchange, 164 Obstetrical Society, London, 190 Transfusion apparatus, Donald- son's, 159 Trapnall, P., 703 "Travel as a tonic," 197 Treasurer gives security, 68, 189 Treasurers, list of, 734 Trephining, 216, 661, 684, 687 Trichiniasis, 721 Trippe, E. R., 232 Tripoli, Bey of, 549 Troup, John, 660, 661 Trustees, board of, 245, 246, 249, 250, 253, 269, 290 of building fund, 195 "Tuberculosis, extinction of," 242 of lip, 725 Tuesday Club, 745 Tumor, osseous, attempt to re- move, 789 Turnbull, D., 85, 689, 693, 787 Turner, J. H., 703 Twins, one white, the other black, 751 Twitchell, Dr., 122 Tyler, G., 720 John, 697 W. B., 88 "Typhoid fever," 246 Typhoid and malarial infection combined, 731 Tyson, J., 287 "Ulna, exsection of, with resec- tion of humerus and ra- dius," 216 Union Bank built, 676 Universalist Church, 117, 118 University, Baltimore, 721 Harvard, 177 Johns Hopkins, 189, 193, 270, 290, 709, 710, 839 Maryland, 54, 57, 63, 83, 84, 85, 89, 93, 105, 106, 107, 131, 270, 281, 712, 730 building, 62, 679 charter, 63 faculty of arts and sciences, 691 organized, 679 turned over to trustees, 689 Newton, 113, 116 Paris, 187 Pennsylvania, 44 Transylvania, 84, 826 Washington, 696, 701, 702, 708, 709, 711, 712, 714 reorganized, 708 Ureter, catheterization of female, 272 "Urinary calculi," 813 Uterus, rupture of, 174 Vaccination, Beaugency stock, 51, 708 compulsory, 718, 719 discussed, 265 endorsed, 46, 49 Father of, 48 gratuitous, 679, 681 introduction of in America, 48, 672, 762 in Queen Anne Co., 72 in Talbot Co., 674 884 INDEX Vaccination memorial to Congress on, 68 1 patent for improvement in, 82, 687 relieves pertussis, 677 retro, 692 Vaccine agency, 92, 93, 687 state, 707 animal, 51, 692, 699, 707 aseptic, 51 Inquirer, 49, 572, 687 Institution, 49, 521, 637, 673, 677 National, 50, 679 lottery, 677 physicians, 50, 686, 697, 699, 702, 711, 717, 719 Society, 49, 50, 677, 687 and variolous matter, experi- ments with, 97, 98, 107, 470. See also Vaccine Animal. virus, spurious, 677 Vagina, woman with double, 165 Van Bibber, Claude, 289 W. C, 125, 128, 134, 147, ISO, 182, 197, 703, 704, 707, 709, 727 Van Buren and Keyes, 164 "Vertebral column, fracture and dislocation of, with re- covery," 256 "Vesical calculus, management of in prostatics," 273 Vethake, J. W., 85 Virchow's Archives, 258 "Vital statistics of Baltimore," 192 Vivisection, 196 Wade, John, 641, 642 Wakeman, Edward, 652 Waldron, Dr., 641, 642 Walker, George, 648, 650 James. 648, 649, 654 Wallace. M., 657 Wallace, J., 48, 657, 659 Wallis, S. T., 728 Walls, J. W., 168, 708 Walters, H., 289 War with England, 69 Ward, Robert, 641, 721 Thomas, 642 Warfield, C. A., 52, 61, 64, 65, 69, 657, 660, 680 Joshua, 65s Mactier, 181 P-, 705 Waring, G. E., 206 Warner, A. L., 693, 700 Warren, Edward, 706, 708, 711, 727 Washington, George, 661, 670, 672, 681 statue of, 691 Water company, first in U. S., 666 Waterhouse, B., 672, 762 "Waters, drinking of Md.," 182 E. G., 195, 208 Jonathan, 62, 65 William, 136, 140 Wilson, 694 Waterton, John, 645 Joseph, 646 Watkins, Tobias, 676, 683, 704 • Way, Joseph, 37, 669, 671 Weather, 652, 654 Webb, John, murderer, 15 Webster, H. W., 710, 728 Weights and measures, 135 Welch, W. H., 210, 216, 224, 227, 230, 240, 24s, 252, 270, 273, 276, 291, 292, 723, 724, 726 Wells, chirurgeon, 640 West, F., 174, 716 Nottingham Academy, 678 Point, 497 Wharton, Jesse, 646 White, Edward, 689 E. H., 142, 708 885 INDEX White, J. C, 52, 71, 81, 678 Whiteford, J. E., 289 Whitridge, J., 715 Whittaker, J. T., 240, 243, 291, 732 Whitworth, Shadrach, 646 Wicomico Co., topography of, 136 Wiley, W. W., 228 Wilhelm, J. T., 718 Widows and orphans. See Fund for. Wiesenthal, A., 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 33, 664, 66s, 668, 669, 670, 671 C. F., 12, 14, IS, 16, 17, ZZ, 34, 6S2, 6s6, 6s7, 658, 6S9, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 66s Wiesenthal's school, IS Wilkins, H., 52, 666, 668, 670, 680, 700 Joseph, 12)'^ Williams, J. W., 235, 2SS, 292 P. C, 148, ISO, IS2, IS9, 173, 196, 208, 235, 713, 730 Williamson, George, 684 Wilson, H. M., 146, 147, 149, 1S2 H. P. C, 136, 14s, 167, 170, 173, 174, 184, 2S3, 715, 716, 731 Sanitarium, 71S, 720 Winsey, W., 177 Winslow, C, 729 R., 174, 182, 197, 208, 217, 222, 244, 2SS, 269 Witch executed, 646 Witchcraft in Kent Co., 647 Wolfe, Col., 741 Woman, first graduate at Balti- more, 471 first regular physician at Balti- more, 520 first physician in Md., 641 Woman's fund, Johns Hopkins Medical School, 724, 72s, 727 Woman's Memorial Building, 728 Women admitted, 19s and children, chair of, 708, 709 Wood, H. C, 271, 284, 288 W. M., 716 Woods, H., 227, 248, 261 Woodward, J. J., 166, 720 Woodworth, J. M., 166, 715 Woolford, John, 694 Wooten, Simon, 646 Worrell, Edward, 67s Worthington, Charles, 694 John, 666, 667 Wright, R., 720 T. H., 94, 692 Wroth, P., 3S, 87, 89, 96, 97, 121, 136, 715 Wynkoop, James, 12, 664, 665 Year^ current, defined, 178 Yeates, J. L., 125, 126, 129, 131, 713 Yellow fever, cause of, 80 epidemic, 1794, 35 1797, 35 1800, Z7 1808, 78 1819-20, TJ " at Norfolk and Portsmouth, what Baltimore did in," 180 measures taken against at Baltimore in i8s5, 180 Young, H. H., 261, 269 Young, J., 82, 682 Samuel, 667, 696 Men's Christian Association organized, 702 Ziemssen's Cyclopaedia, 183 Zollickofifer. W. H., 92. 93, 68s, 687, 703, 729 886 ERRATA, ADDITIONS, Etc. Page 71, I nes 10 and 18, "Nov. 1815" should be "Nov. 1816. Page 98, line 8, "and" should be "to." Page 104, line i, "imperative" should be "inoperative." Page III, line 3, "have" should be "leave." Page 125, line 17, "M. D. Baer" should be "M. S. Baer." Page 167, line 7, "Gustave" should be "Gustav." Page 182, line 16, "consulations" should be "consultations." Page 194, line 14, "patent" should be "potent." Page 242, line 2, omit comma after "state." Page 255, line 18, "Humrickhouse" should be "Humrichouse." Page 256, line i, "ater should be "after." Page 269, line 31, "Harman" should be "Herman." Page 273, line 32, "homonomous" should be "homonymous." Page 297, line 8, after "Assistant" insert comma. Page 297, line 13, "1812" should be "1892." Page 298, line i, "Rehohoth" should be "Rehoboth." Page 302, line 17, "plan" and "duty" should be "plain" and "daily." Page 311, under "Baltzell, John" add "Died Sept. 7, 1854, aged 79." Under "Baltzell, Wm. H.,"the"H." is for "Henry." After"Born," etc., add "July 31, 1833; son of Dr. John Baltzell." Page 320, under "Beucke, J. A." add "Died near Catonsville, Md., October 14, 1858." Page 321, under "Billingslea, M. B." add "Died at Baltimore, Dec. 8, 1902." Page 325, line 4, "1882-94" should be "1882 and 1894." Page 332, under "Brewer, Marbury" add "Died at Baltimore, Jan. 24, 1903." Page 339, under "Buffington, J. A." after "began practice," etc., "1895" should be "1885." Alsoadd "Died at New Windsor, Carroll Co. Md., Oct. 17, 1902." Page 342, under "Canfield, W. B." after "Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, University of Maryland," change comma to semi-colon. Page 358, "Colburn" should probably be "Coulbourn." Page 362, line 14, "1902" should be "1903." 887 ERRATA, ADDITIONS, ETC. Page 363, under "Councell, T. A." add "Died at Baltimore, Feb. 18, 1903." Page 363, under Councilman, W. T." after "1885," insert "Hon- orary, 1898." Page 364, before "Cox, C. C." place a star. Page 366, under "Crim, W. H." add "Died at Baltimore, Nov. 15, 1902." Page 367, under "Crothers, R. R." add "until his death,' Nov. 8, 1902." Page 379, under "Donaldson, F." after "Pharmacy," change '1863- 66" to "1858-63." Page 380, line 5, "Stuart" should be "Steuart.'' Page 380, under "Dorsey, John W.," prefix star. Page 382, under "Downey, J. W." "chirugical" should be "chi- rurgical." Page 385, line i, "accoucher" should be "accoucheur." Page 390, under "Elliott, J. B." prefix star. Page 402, after "Friedenw^.ld, A." change "1875" to "about 1870." Page 408, last line, after "Honor" insert period. Page 409, under "Gibson, J. G." at end of first line, change period to comma. Page 412, "Munich," line 3, should be "Miinich." Page 414, under "Goldsmith, R. H." add "Died at Baltimore, Jan. 13, 1903." Page 418, under "Griffith, R. E." prefix star. Page 421, under "Hackett J. C." add "Died at Millington, Jan. 21, 1903." Page 422, under "Hall, Jacob" the answer to the question propounded is ' no;" the Edinburgh "Hall" was "James." Page 425, under "Hammett, S. B." prefix star. Page 432, under "Hartwig, C. W." at end of line 4, for "1899'' put "1898." Page 434, under "Hebb, T. W." prefix star. Page 445, under "Howard, W. T.," line 4, "University of Maryland" should be "Baltimore Almshouse." Page 454, under "Jennings, S. K." after "Healing" insert quotation mark. Page 461, under "Jones, John J." "of Frostburg, Md." should be placed after 1892. Page 472, under "Laroque, A.'' prefix star. Page 511, under "Morris, J." add "Died at Baltimore, Jan. 29, 1903." Page 513, under "Mosher, W." add "Died 1869." Page 513, under "Motter, G. T." add "Died at Taneytown, Jan. 16, 1903." ERRATA, ADDITIONS, ETC. Page 523, under "Ohr, C. H." add "Died at Cumberland, March 3, 1903-" Page 532, under "Peterman, H. E," change "640 W. Franklin" to "649." Page 535, line 7, "825 St. Paul" should be "20 E. Eager." Page 539, "Preston, George Jenkins" should be "Preston, George Junkin." Page 545, "Rees, J. T." may have been "Reese, J. T." See also in index. Page 545, "MD.'' under same should be "M. D." Page 549, after "Ridgely, John" insert period. Page 563, under "Selby, W. O." after Md. insert period. Page 590, after "Temple"' insert comma. Page 594, line 7, "1815" should be "1816," Page 596, transfer "and probably A. B." from "Charles Tilden" to "W. B. Tilden." Page 618, under "White, J. C." change "Belfast" to "Temple- patrick" and add "Died Aug., 1847, aged 90.'' Page 627, under "Winslow, Caleb" "Haverfor," line 2, should be "Haverford." Page 661, line 25, "Gilder" should be "Guilder." Page 666, line 18, "Clagett" should be "Claggett." Page 693, line 8, "Hannah Moore" should be "Hannah More." Page 708, line 12, '.'Curry" should be "Currey." Page 721, line 27, "Colburn" should probably be "Coulbourn." 889