Papers relating to the FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW YORK by the Dutch (Albany 1850) i£x HtbrtH SEYMOUR DURST lichen you leave, please leave this hook Because it has been said "£ver'thing comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." AVI KY AK( III 1 1 ( iUKAI. AN!) AKIS I liiRAin (ill I oi Si n Aloi k W. 1)1 Ksi Oi l) York I.ihr A A Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/papersrelatingto00ocal_1 II. PAPERS RELATING TO THE jru0l Settlement of NeiD floik BY THE DUTCH. 9 I ( DESCRIPTION AND FIRST SETTLEJIENT OF NEW NETHERLAND. [From Wassena6rs Historic Van Europg,, Amsterdam; 1621-1632.] Numerous voyages realize so much profit for adventurers that they discover other countries, wliich they afterwards ^^24- settle and plant. Virginia, a country lying in 424 Description of ^ ' J J O H N«w_^^ether. degrccs, Is one of these. It was first peopled by the French ; afterwards by^the English and is to-day a flourishing colony. The Lords States General observing the great abundance of their people as well as their desire to plant other lands, allowed the West India company to settle that same country. Many from the United Colonies did formerly and do still trade there ; — yea, for the greater secuiity of the traders, a Castle — Fort Nassau — had been built on an Island in 42 degrees, on the North side of the River Montagne^ now called Mauritius. But as the Natives there were somewhat discontented, and not easily managed, the projectors abandoned it, intending now to plant a Colony among the Maikans a Nation lying 25 miles* on both sides of the River, upwards. This River, or the Bay, lies in 40 degrees, running well in ; being as broad or wide as the Thames, and navigable Of the River. fuU fifty mllcs up, through divers Nations, who some- times manifest themselves with arrows, like enemies, sometimes like friends ; but when they had seen the ships once or twice, or traded with our people, they became altogether friendly. 1 The miles stated in this paper are Dutch, one of which is equal to three American miles. 28 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF XEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. Below the Maikans are situate these Tribes ; Mechkentowoon^ Tapa7its, on the West side ; Wiekagjocic, Wyeck, on the S^heSboSL. ^^^^ side. Two Nations lie there lower down at Klinckersberg. At the Fisher's hook are Pachanyj Warenecker Warrawannankonckx: In one place, Esopes, are two or three Tribes. The Manhates are situate at the mouth. In tlie interior are also many, as the Maquas. Full fifty miles further are found likewise many villages, all wliich come to this River to trade from the interior which is very swampy, great quantities of water running to the River, overflowing the adjoining country, which was frequently the cause that Fort Nassau lay under water and was abandoned. This country now called New Netherland is usually reached in seven or eight weeks from here. The course lies S°s^iru."»iu3 towards the Canary Islands : thence to the Indian coiuitry. Islands, then towards the main land of Virginia, steering right across, kaving in fourteen days the Bahamas on the left, and the Bermudas on the right hand where the winds are variable with which the land is made. Respecting Religion we as yet cannot learn that they have any knowledge of God, but there is something similar Religion repute among them. What they have is set over them by tlic Cabal " from ancestor to ancestor. They say tliat mention was made by tlieir forefathers for many thousand moons, of good and evil spirits, to whose lionor, it is supposed, they burn fires or sacrifices. They wish to stand well with the Good spirits ; tliey like exliortations about them. . The Ministry of tlieir spiritual affairs is attended to by Mie they call Kitzinacka, which, I think, is Priest. When any one among them is sick, he visits him ; sits by him and bawls, roars and cries like one possessed. If a man die, he is laid in tlie earth without a coffin, with all his costly garments of skins. This Priest has no house of his own. He lodges where he pleases, or where he last officiated ; must not eat any food prepared by a married woman. It must be cooked by a maiden or old woman. He never cohabits with them, living like a capuchin. When a child arrives at the age of twelve, tlv ii they can di^ter- minc whether he shall be a Kitsinacka or not. If tis so ruled, FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 29 then lie is elevated to such office. Becoming of age, he under- takes the exercise of it. All the Natives pay particular attention to the sun, the moon, and the stars, as they are of as great interest to them, virgmians as to US, havlug Uke summer and winter. But Geo- observe most. i i i i i i x» graphers are aware that the length and shortness oi the days differ, on account of situation. The first moon follow- ing that at ,the end of February is greatly honored by them. They watch it with great devotion, and as it rises, they compli- ment it with a festival ; then they collect together from all quarters, and revel in their way, with wild game or fish, and drink clear river water to their fill, without being intoxicated. It appears that the year commences then, this moon being a harbinger of the spring. Shortly afterwards the women begin to prepare what is to be for food by planting, putting everything in a state of preparation, and carrying their seed into the field. They allow the sacceeding moons to appear without any feast- ing ; but they celebrate the new August moon by another festival, as their harvest then approaches. It is very abundant in consequence of the great mildness of the chmate. The summers are frequently very hot, and the land moist, wliich produces abundance of fruits and grain. Indian corn is abun- dant there, and is pounded by the women, made into meal, and baked into cakes in the ashes, after the olden fasliion, and used for food. As they care nothing for the spiritual, they direct their study principally to the physical, closely observing The experience thc scasous. Thc womcu thcrc are the most expe- ofthe women in , Astronomy, ricuced star gazers ; there is scarcely one of them but can name aU the stars ; their rising, setting ; the position of the Arctos^ that is the wagon, is as well known to them as to us, and they name them by other names. But Him who dwells above they know not ; affording aU us Christians an argument to thank Him, that He hath so benefi- ?«°t°"riJat;seciCently favored us, leaving these in darkness; so "^Rom^g"''' that what the apostle says is found to betrue. It is not of liim that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy. t 30 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW- YORK BY THE DUTCH. There is little authority known among these nations. They live almost all free. In each village, indeed, is found a '"liv'ing"^ person who is somewhat above the others and commands absolutely when there is war and when they are gathered from all the villages to go on the war path. But the fight once ended, his superiority ceases. They are very much afraid of the dead ; but when they perceive tliat they must die, they are very brave and more ferocious than beasts. When a lad courts a girl, he buys her generally in a neighboring village, and this done, the daughter is then delivered to him by tw^o or three other women, who come carrying on their heads meal, roots, corn and other articles, to the young man's hut, and he receives her. The dwelUngs are commonly circular ; with a vent hole above to let out the smoke ; closed with tour doors, consisting most of the bark of trees which are very abundant there. -They sleep on the ground covered witli leaves and skins. At their meals they sit on the ground. Each liighly esteems his own cliil- dren, who grow up very lively. The A\'omen sew skins into clot] ling, prepare bread, cook the meat which the men hunt and kill with arrows, especially in the winter when all is bare in the fields and but scanty forage is to be picked off the snow ; then tlie animals approach the villages and are shot. It is very common among tliem for one man to buy and to have many wives, but not in one place ; when he jour- Poiygamy. ucys fivc or six milcs he finds another wife who also takes care of him ; five or ten miles further, he again finds another wife who kee])S house and so on to several ; com- monly buying up peltries tlirough the country. But as those inland find tliat furs are sold clieap among tliem, they come down tliemsclves to the rivers and trade with the Nations as best they can. Also tliose wlio will trade with them must furnish them food at an inluibiUmt's in tlie v illage — let them cook their meat and fish there, as mucli as they like, and then they tliank the trader. In otiier respects, they are extremely liospitable ; the one lodges with tlie otlier without any ceremony, on similar compensation. Those who come from tlio interior, yea thirty days journey, declare there is C()iisi{l('ra])le water every where and tliat the upper country is marshy ; tliey make mention of FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 31 great freshets which lay waste their lands ; so that what many say may be true, that Hudson's Bay run& through to the South gea, and is navigable, except when obstructed by the ice to the northward. It were desirable that it were once proved. Those who made the last voyage are of the same opinion, as they found all open sea, a rapid current and whales. They live in summer mostly on fish. The men repair to the river and catch a great quantity in a short time, as it The food of is full and furnishes various sorts. The arrows they in summer. USe aTC pointed with little bones, iron or copper, with which they are very expert, being good marksmen. They can catch deer, fawns, hares and foxes and all such. The country is full of game ; hogs, bears, leopards, yea lions, as appears by the skins wliicli w^ere brought on board. Oxen and horses there are none. In the woods are found all sorts of fruits ; plums, wild cher- ries, pears ; yea, fruits in great profusion. Tobacco die coantry. is planted in abundance, but much better grows wild in Brazil ; it is called Virginian. Vines grow wild there ; were there vintagers and were they acquainted with the press, good wine could be brought hither in great quantity, and even as Must, the voyage thence being often made in thirty days. Their trade consists mostly in peltries, which tliey measure by the hand or by the finsjer. It happened that a wo- The trade of *' JO -rr- VUg^' ^'^^ seen a skipper's lace sliirt, fell sick ; finding she should die, she gave her husband three fine peltry skins to present to the skipper for the sliirt, which he wilhngly gave her, for she wished to be buried in it ; they out- strip the Christians in the sumptuousness of their burials. In exchange for peltries they receive beads, with which they deco- rate their persons ; knives, adzes, axes, case-J^iiives, kettles and aU' sorts of ii'on work which they require for house keeping. In their waters are aU sorts of fowls, such as cranes, bitterns, swans, geese, ducks, widgeons, wild geese, as in this A t uyfif iftnrfl of water fowl, country. Birds fill also the woods so that men can scarcely go through them for the wliistling, the noise, and the chattering. Whoever is not lazy can catch them with little difficulty. Turkey beans is a very common crop. Pigeons 32 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. fly wild, they are chased by the foxes like fowls. Tortoises are very small, and are not eaten, because there is plenty i^^i^ginuf of other food. The most wonderful are the bull-frogs, in size about a span, which croak with a ringing noise in the evening, as in this country. 'Tis surprising that storks have not been found there, if it be a marshy country. Spoon- bills, ravens, eagles, sparrow-hawks, vultures are numerous and are actually shot or knocked down by the natives. 'Tis worthy of remark that so great a diversity of language exists among the numerous Tribes. They vary fre- %i^ei°' quently not over five or six miles ; forthwith comes another language ; they meet and can hardly under- stand one another. There are some who come sixty miles from the interior, and can not well understand those on the River, All are very cunning in Trade ; yea, frequently, after having sold every thing, they will go back of the bargain, and that forcibly, in order to get a little more ; and then they return upwards, being thirty and forty strong ; their outer clo tiling being^all skins and furs. It appears by the statements of the Highlanders, there are larger animals in the interior. On seeing the head of bTtiie Taurus J one of the signs of the Zodiac, the women upper country, j,^^^^^ how to cxplalu tliat It Is a horned head of a big, wild animal which inhabits the distant country, but not their's, and when it rises in a certain part of the heavens, at a time known to them, then is the season for planting ; then they begin to break up the soil with axes {by! en) and to throw in the seed 3 like the Boors in Italy who appear by Virgil in Bucolitis to take their proper time from the signs. The science of prognostication, or foretelhng of events is altogetlier dark and unknown to them ; uttering or delivering no oracles about the one or the other, as they ha\'c very htUe know- ledge of future or past things. What's very strange is, that among these almost Barbarous people, there are few or none, cross-eyed, blind, crip- tutiun of Iho J )led, lame, hunch-backed or limping; all are well fas'iioiK'd ])(H)plc ; strong in constitution of body, well proportioned witliout ]»k'niisli. FIUST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 33 In some places tliey have abundant means, with herbs and leaves or roots, to administer to their sick. There is scarcely an ailment they have not a remedy for ; but in other locahties they are altogether devoid of succour, leaving the People to 'perish lUce cattle. Chastity appears to be of some repute among them, for the Chastity of women are not all equally loose. There are some who the women, -yy^ui^^ j^ot coliablt wlth ours for any compensation. Others liold it in small esteem ; especially as they are free, living without law. Whilst rearing theii* offspring, they exhibit great tenderness ; ne^ ertheless as children rapidly increase with these people, they forbid theirs (the house) as not beseeming ; yea, command them not to retui-n back. They are not, by nature, the most gentle. Were there no Nature of the weapons, espccially muskets, near, they would fre- iBhabuants. ^^^^^^ij j^jji ^1^^ Tradcrs for sake of the plunder; but whole troops run before five or six muskets. At the first coming (of the whites) they were accustomed to fall prostrate on the report of the gun ; but now they stand still from habit, so that the first Colonists will stand in need of protection. The South-bay,^ some miles nearer Florida, is a more tempe- rate country. There is no winter there save in January, and then but for a few days. Their numerals run no higlier than ours ; twenty being twice ten. When they ask for twenty, they stick the ten fingers up Of tiieir nu- ^^^^ wlth thcm tum to tlie feet on wliich are ten toes. merais. r|.|^^^ couut, Honslcf, Tcgcni, Hasse, Kajeri, Wiskj Ja- jack^ Satachj Siattege^ Tiochte^ Ojeri.^ The names of tlieir months are tliese : — Cuerano, the first with them, February: 2. Weer-heinska : ^. Heemskan: 4. Oneratacka: 5. Oneratack^ then men begin to sow and to plant: 6. Hagarert: 7. lakouvaratta : 8. Hatter hona gat : 9. Genhendasta : then the grain and every thing is ripe. 10. Digojeiijattha^ then is tlie seed housed. Of January and December tliey take no note being of no use to them. 1 Delaware .^ay 2 The author of this paper must have obtained his informa- tion from some Iroquois, as with the exception of the first, these are the names of the numerals according to the IMohawk and Onondaga dialects. The last (Ojeri) approaches the Seneca. Vol. III. 3 34 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. A ship was fitted out under a commission from the West wtftat those India Company, and freighted with families, to plant a cJionils"* Colony among this People. But to go in safety, it is have to do. necessary that they be placed in a good defensive position and well provided with arms and a fort, as the Spaniard who claims all the country, will never allow any one to gain a possession there ; and as the Spaniards have made many incursions as well above as below, in Florida, Virginia and thereabouts, I deem it not foreign to tell something thereof, be- ing a mirror in which every one can see and defend himself, and how the Spaniards always aim as well generally as individually at Monarchy. Such description shall be related in the com- mencement of Part the Seventh, as this Book cannot contain it. Homo est animal sociahile^ is in some sense a definition ; in some Of Colonies • scusc a description, of man. Men's sociability led them how those of die anticnts to congregate and to live peaceably together, from which were begun, ^p^g^ Hamlets, Vlllagcs aud Cities, and afterwards Chiefs were chosen among them. These remarking that the ct)llected heaps frequently so increased that they could with diiFiculty support themselves, a portion separated therefrom, who took up and settled tlie neigliboiiring places. The Patriarchs of the Old Testament, finding themselves altogether too many in their coun- try, sent some of thoirs into the uninhabited valleys, and culti- vated these accordingly. The Assyrians wishing to enlarge their Monarchy caused their subjects to inhabit the invaded countries in great numbers. Those of tlie Persian Monarchy did no less. But the Greeks extended their limits very far ; for they by navi- gation peopled entire Islands, as appears by the highly learned Petrus Culverius, who I'urnishes us correct information on all points in his published Italy. The Romans domineering over the western world, spread colonies all over it, as is proved by the excavated stones Ibund every where j but what order they observed herein is well known to us. Those sent thitlier, must acknowledge tlie senders as their Lords, pay them homage, and remain under their sovereignty ; they were also protected by these by suitable weapons furnished also to them. And whereas, I FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 35 God be praised, it hatli so prospered that the Honorable I^orda Directors of the West India Company have, with the consent of the Noble High & Migiity Lords States General, undertaken to plant some Colonies, I shall give the p^ticulars of them, as fol- lows : — We treated in our preceding Discourse of the Discovery of some Rivers in Virginia; the studious Reader will count of Vir- learn how alfairs proceeded. The West India Compa- ny being chartered to navigate these Rivers, did not neglect so to do, but equipped in the spring [of 1623] a vessel of 130 lasts, called the JSCew JVetherland whereof Cornells Jacobs of Hoorn was Skipper, with 30 families, mostly Walloons, to plant a colony there. They sailed in the beginning of March, and directing their course by the Canary Islands, steered towards the Wild Coast, and gained the westwind which luckily (took) them in the beginning of May into the River called, first Rio de Mwitagnes^ now the River Mauritius^ lying in 40^ degrees. He found a Frenchman lying in the mouth of the River, who would erect the arms of tlie King of France there ; but the Hollanders would not permit him, opposing it by commission from the Lords States General and the Directors of the West India Company ; and in order not to be frusti-ated tlierein, with the assistance of those of the Mackerel which lay above, they caused a Yacht of 2 guns to be manned, and convoyed the Frenchman out the River, who would do the same thing in the South River, but he was also prevented by the settlers there. This being done, the ship sailed up to the May/cans^ 44 miles, near w^hicli they built and completed a Fort named "Orange" with 4 bastions, on an Island, by them caUed Castle Island. They forthwith put the spade in the ground and began to plant, and before the Mackerel sailed, the grain w^as nearly as high as a man, so that they are bravely advanced. They also placed a Fort named "Wilhelmus" on Prince's Island, heretofore called Mui-derer's Island ; it is open in front, and has a curtain in the rear and is garrisoned by sixteen men for the defence of the River below. On leaving there, the course lies for the west wind, and having got it, to the Bermudas and so along the channel in a short time towards Patria. The Yacht, the Mackerel, sailed out 36 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. last year on the 16th June and arrived yonder on the 12th of December. That was somewhat late, but it wasted time in the Indian Islands, to catch fish, and did not catch any, so lost this opportunity. The Hon^i% Daniel Van Krieckebeeck, for brevity called, Beeck, was Commissary here, and so did his duty that he was thanked. Respecting these Colonies, they have already a prosperous beginning ; and the hope is that they will not fall through order^ofjhe provldod they be zealously sustained, not only in that place but in the South River. For their increase and prosperous advancetnent, it is higlily necessary that those sent out be first of all Avell provided with means both of support and defence, and that being Freemen, they be settled there on a free tenure ; that all they work for and gain be their's to dispose of and to sell it according to their pleasure ; that whoever is placed over them as Commander act as their Father not as their Execu- tioner, leading them with u gentle hand ; for whoever rules them as a Friend and Associate will be beloved by them, as he who will order them as a superior will subvert and nullify every thing ; yea, they will excite against him the neighbouring provinces to which they wiU fly. 'Tis better to rule by love and friendship than by force. At THE same time that the fleet arrived from Archangel, a large quantity of otter skins were received here in Amster- '^8ki'n8.°"'"^ dam from France, finer than had ever been seen in this country. They were the product of Canada and the circumjacent places. The Tribes are in the habit of clothing themselves with them ; the fur or hair inside, the smooth side without, which, however, they paint so beautifully that, at a dis- tance, it resembles lace. It is the opinion that they make use of tlie best for that purpose; what has poor fur they deem unsuitable for their clothing. Wh(^n they bring their commodities to the Traders, and find they are desirous to buy them, they make so very litth^ mattrr of it, that they at once rip up the skins they are clothed with and sell them as being the best. They use FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 37 the Beaver gjfins mostly for the sleeves, as they are not so expensive ; and they frequently come several days journey from the interior, to exchange theirs with the Tribes. Agriculture progresses in New Netherland in tliis wise. It is very pleasant, all products being in abundance, though New Netblr- wlld. Grapes are of very good flavour, but will be, ^*"'^* henceforwardbetter cultivated by our people. Cherries are not found there. There are all sorts of fowls, both in the water and in the air. Swans, geese, ducks, bitterns, abound^ The men scarcely ever labour, except to provide some game, either fowl or other description, for cooking, and then they have provided every tiling. The women must attend to the remain- der, tilling the soil, &c. When our people arrived there, tliey were busy cleaning up and planting. Before this vessel had left, the harvest was far advanced. It excites httle attention if any one [of the Indians] abandon liis wife ; in case she have children, they usually follow her. Their summers are fine, but the days there are shorter than with us here. The winters are severe, but there is plenty of fuel, as the country is well wooded and it is at the service of whoever wants it. There is some respect paid to those in authority amongst them ; but these are no wise richer than others. There is cImT always so much ado about them that the chief is feared , and obeyed as long as he is near, but he must shift for himself hke others. There is nothing seen in his house more than in those of the rest. As regards the prosperity of New Netherland, we learn by the arrival of the ship whereof Jan May of Hoorn, eJJi|Jatimr was sklppcr, that every thing there was in good condi- erianiL ' tlou. The colouy bcgau to advance bravel/ and continues in friendship with the natives. The fur, or other trade, remains in the West India company, others being forbidden to trade there. Rich beavers, otters, martins and foxes are found there. This cargo consists of five hundred otter skins, and fifteen hundi-ed beavers, and a few other things, which were in four parcels, for twenty-eight thousand, some hundred guilders.^ 1 The cargo of the New Netherland, was sold in Amsterdam on 20th Dec. 1624. 38 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NETV-YORK BY THE DUTCH, This country, or the river Montague, called our's Mauri- tius , was first sailed to by the worthy Hendrick Chris- How the river tiacnscn van Cleef. When he went a voyase to the was cfiscover- «' o ed. West Indie^ he happened near there. But his vessel being deeply laden, and a ship belonging to Monichendam having been wrecked in that neighborhood, he durst not approach that land ; this he postponed, being desirous to do so another time. It so happened that he and the worthy Adriaen Block, char- tered a ship with the skipper Ryser, and accomplished his voyage thither, bringing back with him two sons of the principal sachems there. Though very dull men, they were expert enough in knavery. Hudson, the famous English pilot, had been there also, to reach the south sea, but found no passage ; as men wiH read in the Netherlands History, in the year 1612. This aforesaid Hendrick Cliristiaensz, after he had dissolved partners Wp with Adriaen Block, made ten voyages thither, in virtue of a grant from the Lords States, wlio granted liim that privilege for tlie first establishment of the place. On the expi- ration of that privilege, this country w^as granted to the West India company, to draw their profits thence ; as has already been done, and shall still furtlier increase from the products which are manifest there, whereof further detail will be given in the next, as much depends on success. Good care having been taken by the directors of the West India company, in tlie spring to provide everytliing for B*qud"f the ^^^^ colony iu Virginia, near the May /cans on the river fcSd c'lSly.' Mauritius^ by us called New Netlierland, special atten- * tion was dire-^ted this month, (April,) to reinforce it, as follows : As the country is well adapted for agriculture and the raising of every thing that is produced here, the aforesaid {foVofoIe"'^'" Lords resolved to take advantage of tlie circumstance, i^Su're.'* and to provide the place Avitli many necessaries, through the Honbie. Pieter Evertsen Hulst, who undertook to ship thither, at his risk whatever was recjuisite, to wit ; one hundred and three head of cattle ; stallions, mares, steers and cows, for \ FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW- YORK BY THE DUTCH. 3(9 breeding and multiplying, besides all the hogs and sheep that iinight be thought expedient to send tliither ; and to distribute these in two ships of one hundred and forty lasts, in such a manner that they should be well foddered and attended to. Each animal had its omi stall, with a floor of tliree feet of sand ; fixed as comfortably as any stall here. Each animal had its respective servant who attended to it and knew its wants, so as to preserve its health, together with, all suitable forage, such as oats, hay and straw, &c. In addition to these, country people take with them all furniture proper for the dairy ; all sorts of Seed, ploughs and agricultiu^al implements, so that nothing is wanting. What is most remarkable is, that nobody in the two sliips can discover where tlie water is stowed for these cattle. As it was necessary to have another [sliip] on that account, I shall here add : — the above parties caused a deck to be con- structed on board. Beneath this were stowed in each ship three hundred tons of fresh water whicn was pumped up and thus distributed among the cattle. On this deck lay the baUast and thereupon stood the horses and steers, and thus there was no waste. He added tlie third ship so that, should the voyage continue longer, nothing may be wanting to the success of the expe- dition. In the eyes of the far seeing, the plan of this colony, which lay right beside the Spanish passage from the West Indies, was wen laid. In company with these, goes a fast saUing vessel at the risk of the Directors. In these aforesaid vessels also go six A Yacht goen o o at the risk of complete famlhcs with some freemen, so that forty five the Directors. ^ ' new comers or inhabitants are taken out, to remain there. The natives of New- Netherland are very weU disposed so long as no injury is done them. But if any wrong be com- mitted against tliem they think it long till they be revenged and should any one against whom they have a grudge, be peaceably walkmg in the woods or going along in liis sloop, even after a lapse of time, they will slay liim, though they are sure it will cost them their fives on the spot, so highly prized is vengeance among them 40 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. In our previous discourses, mention is made of New Nether- land. Here is addititional information : On furthd^ Continuation . . . n cfNewNeib- enquiry it is lound, that they have a chief in time of erland. a *' war, named Sacjanmj [Sachem] but above him is a greater Sacjama (pointing to Heaven) who rules the sun and moon. When tliey wage war against each other, they fortify their tribe or nation with palisades, serving them for a Fort, and sally out the one against the other. They have a tree in the centre, on which they place sentinels to observe the enemy and discharge arrows. None are exempt in war, but tlie Priests, and the women who carry their husband's arrows and food. The meat they eat consists of game and fish ; but the bread is cakes baked fore-father's fashion, in the ashes ; they almost all eat that in war. They are a wicked, bad people, very fierce in arms. Thir dbgs are small. When the Hon^ie Lambrecht van Twenhuyzen, once a skipper' , had given them a big dog, and it was presented to them on ship-board, they were very much afraid of it ; calUng it, also, a Sachem of dogs, being the biggest. The dog, tied with a rope on board, was very furious against them, they being clad like beasts with skins, for he thought they were game ; but when they gave him some of their bread made of Indian corn, which grows there, he learned to distinguish them, that they were men. There are oaks of very close grain ; yea, harder than any in in this country, as thick as three or four men. There p?^dJct8. is Red- wood which being burned, smells very agreeably; wlien men sit by the fire on benches made from it, the whole house is perfumed by it. When they keep watcli by night against tlieir enemies, then they place it [the fire] in the centre of their huts, -^o warm their feet by it ; they do not sit, then, up in tlie tree, but make a hole in tlie roof, and keep watcli there, to prevent attacks. Poisonous plants liave been found there, which should be studied by those wlio have a fancy to cultivate land ' Heiidrick Christiaenseu carried tliitlier, by order of his employers, Bucks, and Goats, also Rabbits, but they were found 1 Trailed as early as 1614, 15, to this country, under a special charter. S«« Uiit. N. Nclherland i, 74 et ^eq. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 41 poisoned by the herbs. The Directors intend to send thither this spring voyage, [1625] a quantity of hogs wliich will be of great service to the colony ; to be followed by cows, with young calves. Very large oysters, sea fish and river fish are in such great abundance there, that they cannot be sold ; and in Of the fish. ^ ' 1 . -, -, rivers so deep, as to be navigated upwaras with large ships. The two lads brought hither by Adriaen Block, were named Orson and Valentine. This Orson was a tlioroughly of the natives. i i . wicked scamp, and on his return to his own country was the cause of Hendrick Christiaensen's death ; but he was paid in hke coin. He got a buUet as his recompense. Chastity appeal's, on further enquiry, to hold a place among Of the them, they being unwilling to cohabit with ours, through Women. ^^^|^ husbauds. But those who are single, evince every friendly disposition. Further information is neces- sary. Whatever else is of value in the country, such as mines and other ores shall by time and further exploration be made known to us. Much profit is to be expected from good man- agement. At the same time arrived a ship from New Netherland, mostly with Furs. As far as good order is concerned, aU goes July. well there. The vessels with the cattle had not yet got there; the crops which our Colonists had planted, looked weU, but there was no certain information thereof The next will bring their owners good news. A SHIP came, at the same time, to the aforesaid Company from New Germany, loaded mostly with peltries, which had a A^S.Tp from favorable voyage. The Cattle carried thither, were une^south at Fort Orange, the most distant point at wliich the Hollanders traded ; the remainder wiU come down to the Manhates. Right opposite is the fort of the Maykans which they built against their enemies, the Maquaes [Mohawks] a pow- erful people. It happened this year, that the Maykans^ being at war witli the Maquaes^ requested to be assisted by the Commander War. of Fort Orange and six others. Commander Kriecke- beck went up with them a mile from the Fort, and met the Maquaes who peppered them so bravely with a discharge of arrows, that they were forced to fly, leaving many slain among whom were the Commander and three of his men. Among the latter was Tymen Bouwensz., whom they devoured, after having well cooked him. The rest they burnt. The Commander was buried with the other two by his side. Three escaped ; two Por- tuguese and a Hollander from Hoorn. One of the Portuguese was wounded by an arrow in the back whilst swimming. The 44 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. Indians carried a leg and an arm home to be divided among tlieir families, as a proof that they had conquered their enemies. Some days after the worthy Pieter Barentsen, who usually was sent upwards and along the coast with the sloops, visit- Apoiogy. ed them ; they wished to excuse their act, on the plea that they had never injured the whites and asked the reason why the latter had meddled with them ; Had it been otlier- wise, they would not have acted as they had. There being no Commander, Pieter Barentsen assumed the Command of Fort Orange by order of Director Minuit. New Com- xiicre wcTC clfflit families there, and ten or twelve seamen in tlie Company's service. The fort was to remain garrisoned by sixteen men, without women, and the families were to leave there this year in order to strengtlien with people the Colony near the Manhates who were becoming more and more accustomed to the strangers. Tiie Natives are always seeking some advantage by thieving. The crime is seldom punished among them. If any one Living. commit that offence too often he is stript bare of nis goods, and must resort to other means anotb.er time. The husband who abandons liis wife without cause must leave all lier's ; in like manner the wife the husband's. But as they love the children ardently, these are frequently the cause of their coming again together. The Girls allow their hair to be cut all around, like the priests, when they are unwell for the first time. They work apart from all the men in a separate house, where food is furnislied tliem on a stick. They remain therein until they are sick a second time. Tlien they make their aj)poarfince abroad again, and are allowed to marry. They then again dress their liair, whicli before tiiey would *not touch. Tlie married women let tlieir hair grow to tlie waist & smear it with oil. When they are unwell they do not eat witli their husbands, and they sup tlieir drink out of the hand. Tlie men let the hair grow on one side of the head tor a braid ; the rest is cut oft'. If one kill the other, it is not punished; whoever it concerns meditates vengc;ance il" satisliiction be not mudv. In the month of August a universal tonnent seizes them, so that they run like men possess- ed, regarding neither hedges nor ditches, and like mad dogs t FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 45 resting no where except from sheer inability. They hold this in singular respect. The Birds most common are wild Pigeons j these are so numerous tliat they shut out the sunsliine. When the fort, staked out at the Manhates, will be completed, it is to be named Amsterdam. The Fort at the South "^^he^Fort.^^ River is already vacated, in order to strengthen the Colony. For purposes of trade, only one yacht is sent there, in order to avoid expense. The Sickenanes dwell about the North, between the Brownists and the Dutch. The chief of this nation liath lately made an agreement with Pieter Barents, not to trade with any other than liim. Jaques Elekes had imprisoned him in the year 1622 in his yacht and obliged him to pay a heavy ransom, or else he should cup " him. He paid one hundred and forty fathoms of Zeevnuj which consists of small beads they manufacture them- selves, and which they prize as jewels. On this account he has no confidence in any one but Barentsen now. The Brownists, w^ho live beyond them, are Enghshmen, Avho removed thither by consent of the King. They are Bro^»4^sts. called Puritans, because they seek after Purity in the Orthodox religion. They wished not to Mve in Eng- land ; desiring not wealth, but merely necessaries and frugality. The most distant Nations from there, known to the traders, are the Indians from French Canada. Thereabout are Nations, the OranJcokx, the Achkokx and others, both men and w^omen. On entering the River, if they bring women with them, 'tis a sign they are friends ; if they visit the yachts without these, every one must be on his guard. The belief of the Maikans regarding the separation of the Soul is, that it goes up westward on leaving the body. ^"smiL ^ There 'tis met with, great rejoicing by the others who died previously ; there they wear black Otter or Bear skins, which among them are signs of gladness. They have no desire to be with them. The Mahieuj Captain of the Maykansy who is named Cat, pretends that Death is the offspring of the Devil, who is evil. A Skipper denying this, said, God had control over Death. Thereupon he asked, if He being good had the power to give, or take away, hfe ? And he was answered. 46 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH, Yea ; which he could not understand, how this good God should inflict Evil, that is Death. But there was no one to furnish Mm proper instruction ; he therefore remains in his darkness. When they have a corpse, they place it, in the act of dying, squat on the heels, like children sitting in this country before the fire ; and so lay it in the grave, all sitting ; its face to the East. It appears that the Sickajiaiuersj before mentioned, make a sort of sacrifice. They have a hole in a hill in which ®^e"lkkaL. tl^ey place a kettle full of all sorts of articles that they have, either by them, or procured. When there is a great quantity collected a snake comes in, then they all depart, and the Manittou^ that is the Devil, comes in the night and takes the kettle away, according to the statement of the Koutsinacka, or Devil hunter, who presides over the ceremony. This Pieter Barentz, already spoken of, is conversant with all the Tribes thereabout ; he traded with the Sickenames, ^uingLges. whom the whole North coast is tributary ; with the SinnekoXj Waj)pe?ioXj Maquaes and Maikans^ so that he visited all the Tribes with sloops and traded in a friendly manner with them, only for peltries. And he brought back this year a valuable cargo in the ship the Arms of Amsterdam, whereof Adriaen Joris is Skipper, who went out there on the 19^'' of December of the year 1625 with the ship the Sea-gull {het Meeutje) and conveyed Pieter Minuit aforesaid, who now sends for his wile tliithei. The Sea gull arrived there 4*'> May, 1626. Two SHIPS came from New Netherland for the benefit of the said (W. 1.) Company, with ten thousand Peltries, or \vi! imua' skins, togetlier with a large quantity of timber, fit for ^icw N.S.T?- ^^^^ building of the vessels which are shortly to be launclied. Those ships wore despatcht by the Com- mander there, called Minuict ; one ship was the Three Kings, Skipper Jan Jacobsz. of Wieringh;' the other was, the Arms of Amsterdam. 1 Sent in 1627 from the Dutch as Uelogalc lo New Plymouth. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 47 The government over the people of New Netherland continued on the 19th of August of this year in the aforesaid Government. Minuict, successor to Verhulst, who went thither from Holland on 9^^ January, Anno, 1626, and took up Ms residence in the midst of a nation called Manhatesj building a fort there, to be caUed Amsterdam, having four points and faced outside entirely with stone, as the walls of sand fall down, and are now more compact. The population consists of tw^o hundred and seventy souls, including Men, Women and Cliildren. They remained as yet without the Fort, in no fear, as the Natives Uve peaceably with them. They are situate tliree miles from the Sea, on the River by us called Mauritius^ by others, Rio de Montague. These strangers for the most part occupy their farms. What- ever they require is supplied by the Directors. The Occupation. Wlutcr grain has turned out weU there, but the Summer grain which ripened before it w^as half grown in conse- quence of the excessive heat, was very hght. The cattle sent thither have had a good increase, and every thing promises better, as soon as the land is improved, which is very poor and scrubby. There are now no families at Fort Orange, situated higlicr up State of ^ River among the Maikans. They are all brought Orange, (^q-^^u. Thcy keep five or six and twenty persons, Traders, there. Bastiaen Jansz Crol is Vice Director there ; he remained there since the year 1626, when the others came down. Those of the West India Company have removed all those who were at the South River. Only one trading vessel Trade. is kept thcrc. Traders who come from a great distance make mention of Lion skins which wiU not be bartered, because they are used for clothing, being much warmer than others. Beyond the South River, in 37 degrees, Englislimen are settled, freemen, but planted there by Merchants on condition N^ti^a'^ that they deliver as much tobacco to their masters as is agreed on ; the remainder is their own. Considerable trade was carried on with them, and many ships come thither from England. 48 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. On the North side are the English Brownists, who maintain Another thcmselves very well and acquii-e considerable strength, Nation, supporting their reputation bravely with the Natives, whom they do not fear, having acted strictly with these from the first, and so continuing. In the beginning of this year, war broke out between the Maikans near Fort Orange and the Makwaes, but these War. beat and captured the Maikans and drove off the remainder who have settled towards the North by the Fresh River, so called ; ^ where they begin again to cultivate the soil ; And thus the war terminated. After the Right Hon^ie Lords Directors of the Privileged West India Company in the United Netherlands, had provided Freedoms dcfcuce of Ncv*^ Ncthcrlaud and put every tiling granted to the there in ffood order, they takinaj into consideration the Inhabitants of ° j >/ <3 i^d advantages of said place, the favorable nature of the air, and soil, and that considerable Trade and goods and many commodities may be obtained from thence, sent some persons, of tlieir own accord, thither with aU sorts of cattle ?.ad implements necessary for agriculture, so that in the year 1G28 there already resided on the Island of the Manhattes^ two liundred and seventy souls, men, women & children, under Governor Minuit, Verhulst's successor, living tliere in peace with the Natives. But as the land, in many places being full of weeds and wild productions, could not be properly cultivated in conse- quence of the scantiness of the population, tlie said Lords Directors of the West India Company, the better to people tbeir lands, & to bring the country to produce more abundantly, resolved to grant divers Privileges, Freedoms and Exemptions to all Patroons, Masters or Individuals wlio should plant any Colonies and cattle in New Netlierland, and they accordingly have constituted and published in print these following Exemp- tions, to afford better encouragement and infuse greater zeal into wliomsoever sliould be incUned to reside and plant his Colonie in New Netherland. [Here fr)llow8 the Charter of Patroons," already printed in various works on the History of New-York.] 1 Connecticut River. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 40 EARLY DUTCH SETTLEMENT ON THE DELAWARE. [Deed Book, VII.J N.York, february 14: 1684-5. The Deposicon of Catelina Trico aged fouer score yeares or thereabouts taken before the right honobie. Coll°. Thomas Don- gan Leu^ and Governour under his Royii. high^s. James Duke of Yorke and Albany etc. of N York and its Dependen- cyes in America wlio saith and Declares in the p' sens of God as followeth That she Came to this Province either in the yeare one thou- sand six hundred and twenty three or twenty fouer to the best of her remembrance, and that fouer Women Came along with her in the same Shipp, in wliich ship the Governo'^ Arian Jorissen Came also over, which fouer Women were married at Sea and that they and their husbands stayed about three Weekes at this place and then they with eight seamen more went in a vessell by ord^ of the Dutch Governor, to Dellaware River and there settled. This I Certifie under my hand and y® scale of this province. THO. DONGAN. The Deposicon of Arien Dirksen Korn aged about sixty five yeares being Deposed saith That he Came in tliis Country of New York formerly called the new Netherlands in the yeare one thousand six hund^. and thkty the of May with the ship Vnity John Brower Com- mander and hath ever since continued here in tliis coimtry, and saith further that att the said time of Ills arrivall here this Depo- nent heard and was Informed by persons then arriving here from Delleware River that the said River w^as settled by the dutch west India Company who had sent a parcell of men there in order to whale fishing, and this Deponent saith further that some short time After to his best Remembrance it was about one yeare or one yeare and a half after news Came liere att New York fronl Deleware, that all the said people in Delleware were Cutt of hy the Indians, and fiu-ther this Deponent saith nott. Vol. hi. 4 50 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. Deposed by the said Aron Dirksen Korn Coram me the 16*^. March 1684-5. Peter Lawrrnsen aged sixty seaven yeares being deposed saith that he came into tliis Province a servant to tlie west india Com- pany in the yeare 1628 and in the yeare 1630 by order of the West india Company hee with seven more were sent in a sloope with hoy sayle to dellaware where the Company had a trading house with ten or twelve servants belonging to it which the deponant himselfe did see there settled, and he further saith that at his returne from Delaware River the said vessell stopt at the hoorekill where the Deponant did alsoe see a settlem*. of a brick- house belonging to the west India Companyj and the Deponant further saith that upon an Island neare the faUs of that River and neare the west side thereof the said Company some three or fouer yeares afore had a trading house where there were three or foure familyes of Walloons the place of there settlem'. he saw and that they had been seated there he was Informed by some of file said Walloons themselves When they were returned from thence and further tliis Deponent saith not. Tills Deposicon was taken upon oath before me which I doe Certifie under the scale of this Province this 24th of March Ao. 1684-5 in New Yorke. T. D. THE FIllST WHITE WOMAN IN ALBANY. [ N. Y. Col: MSS. XXXV. ] Catelyn Trico aged about 83 years born in Paris doth Testify and Declare that in y« year 1623 she came into this Country a Ship called y« Unity whereof was Commander Arien Jorise belonging to y^ West India Curai)any being y<^ first Ship y* came here for y® Company ; as soon as they came to Mannatans now called N: York they sent Two families & six men to harford River & Two families & 8 men to Delaware River and 8 men they left att N: Yorke to take Possession and y^ Rest of y« FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 51 Passengers went w*^ y« Ship up as farr as Albany which they then Called fort Orangie When as y^ Ship came as farr as Sopus which is J way to Albanie ; they lightned ye Ship w*'» some boats y^ were left there by y® Dutch that had been there yc year before a tradeing w*'' y® Indians upont there oune accompts & gone back again to Holland & so brought y^ vessel up ; there were about 18 families aboard who settled themselves att Albany & made a small fort ; and as soon as they had built themselves some hutts of Bark: y^ Mahikanders or River Indians. y« Maquase : Oneydes : Onnondages Cayougas. & Sinnekes, w*^ y« Mahawawa or Ottawawaes Indians came & made Covenants of friendship ye s^ Arien Jorise there Commander Bringing him great Presents of Bever o^ oy Peltry & desyred that they might come & have a Constant free Trade with them w<^'» was concluded upon & y^ s^^ nations came dayly with great multidus of Bever & traded them w^^ Christians, there s^ Comman' Arien Jorise staid with them all winter and sent his sonne home with ye ship ; y® s*^ Deponent lived in Albany three years all which time y® s^ Indians were all as quiet as Lambs & came & Traded with all ye freedom Imaginable, in y® year 1626 ye Deponent came from Albany & settled at N: Yorke where she lived afterwards for many years and then came to Long Island where she now lives. The s^ Catelyn Trico made oath of y^ Deposition before me at her house on Long Island ill y« Wale Bought tills 17th day of October 1688. WILLIAM MORRIS Justice of ye pece 52 FIRST SETTLEiMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. EARLY IMMIGRANTS TO NEW NETHERLAND; 1657 — 1664. 1657. April; In the. Draetvat. Arent Janssen; house carpenter, and Wife and daughter. Marcus de Chousoy, and Wife, two workmen, and two boys. Tennis Craey, from Venlo, and Wife and four children & two servants. Heinrich Stoeff. Jacob Hcndricksen Haen; painter. Adriaen Vincent. Johannis Smeides. Dirk Buyskes. December; In the Gilded Otter. Claes Pouwelson from Detmarsum; mason. Jan Jansen van den Bos; mason, and his Brother. Ditto; In the Jan Baptiste. Jan Sudeich, and Wife and two Children. Claes Sudeich. Adam Breemen, from Aecken. Douwe Claessen from Medemblick ; mason. Cornells Barentsen Vande Kuyl. Thys Jacobsen. 1658. May; In the Moesman. Jan Adriaensen van Duyvelant. Christina Bleyers from Stoltenau. Ursel Dircks from Holstein & 2 children. Geertzen Buyers. Ditto; In the Gilded Beaver. Jan Barentsen house Carpenter, and Workman. Anthony de Mis from Haerlem, and Wife and two children. The Wife of Andries vander Sluys; Clerk in Fort Orange, and child. Charel Fonteyn; a Frenchman, and Wife. Peter Claessen, from Holstein; farmer & Wife and two children. Gerrit Gerritsen van Gillhuys; Taylor. Jan Jansen; house Carpenter, & Wife and four children. Jan Gouwenberch, from Hoorn. Adriaen van Lacr, from Amsterdam, & servant. Jan Gerretscn Buytenhuys; Baker, & Wife and sucking child. Willem van Vredenburch. Cornells Andricssen Iloogland; Taylor. Peter van Ilalen, from Utrecht, & Wife, two children, and boy. 8imon Bouchr. Cornelia Hcndricksen van Ens. Jan Evcrtscn van Gloockcns. Trynljc PiclcrB; Maiden. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 53 June; In the Brownfish. Jannetje Volckertse Wife of Evert Luykese; Baker, and daughter. Douwe Harmsen, from Friesland, & Wife and four children. Adriaen Jansen, from Zea-land; fisherman. Francois Abrahamsen, from Flissingcn. Joris Jansen, from Hoorn; House Carpenter. Jan Aerensen van Kampcn; Farmer. Jan Isbrands; rope maker. Huybert de Bruyn. Machteld Stoffclsen; Widow, is acquainted with agriculture. Dirck Smith, Ensign in the Company's Service i, & a sucking child, Jannetje Hermans; maiden, and her Brother Jan Harmensen. Maria Claes; maiden. Francisco de Gordosa from Davingen. Charles Garet. Jan Leynie, from Paris. Dorigcman Jansen, from Dordrecht & his bride. Claes Wolf, from the Elbe; Sailor. Harmen Dircksen from Norway & Wife and child. Adam van Santen, & Wife and two children. 1659. Febrttary; In the Faith, Jan Woutersen, from Ravesteyn; shoemaker, & Wife and daughter. Catalyntje Cranenburg; maiden. Jan van Coppenol, from Remsen; farmer, & Wife and 2 children. Matthys Roelofs, from Denmark, & Wife and child. Sophia RoeloflTs. Geertruy Jochems, from Hamburgh; Wife of Claes Claessenfrom Amersfoort, now in N. Netherland; and two children. Peter Corneliss, from Holsteyn; Labourer. Peter Jacobs, from Holsteyn. Josyntje Verhagen, from Middclburg, & daughter. Saertge Hendricks, from Delft. Egbert Meynderts, from Amsterdam, & Wife and child and servant. Jan Leurens Noorman & Wife. Harmen Coerten, from Voorhuysen, & Wife and 5 Children, Magalantje Teunis, from Voorhuysen. Feytje Dircks. Gill is Jansen van Garder, & Wife and four children, Bastiaen Clement, from Doornick. Adriaen Fournoi, from Valenciennes. Jannetje Eyckers, from East Friesland. Joris Jorissen Townsen, from Redfort; mason. Nicholas Gillissen Marschal. Wouter Gerritsen van Kootuyck. Jan Jacobsen, from Utrecht; farmer, & Wife, mother and two children, Arent Francken van Iperen. 1 Served in the Esopus war with great credit ; he died Anno 1660 to the regret of the Dlrectot General and council. His widow thereupon returned to Holland. Ed. 54 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. Dennys Isacksen, from Wyck by Daurstede. Weyntje Martens van Gorehem. Vroulje Gerrits, wife of Cosyn Gerrilsen; Wheelwright. Jan Dircksen, from Alckmaer, & Wife and three children. Nettert Jansen, fromEmbden. Epke Jacobs, from Harlingen ; farmer, and wife and five sons. Stoffiel Gerritsen from Laer. Jan Meynderts, from Iperen; farmer, and Wife, Jan Barents Ameshof, from Amsterdam. Symon Drune from Henegouw. Hendrick Harmensen, from Amsterdam. Evert Cornellissen, from the vicinity of Amersfoort. Laurens Jacobs van der Wielen. Jannetje Theunis van Ysselstein. Jan Roelofsen, van Naerden ; farmer. Jacob Hendricks, from the Highland, and maid servant. Goossen van Twiller, from New-Ke;k. Lawrens Janssen, from VV'ormer. Jan Harm ens, from Amersfoort; Taylor, and Wife and four children. Evert Marschal; glasier, from Amsterdam and Wife and daughter. Boele Roelofsen, Joncker, and wife and four children, besides his Wife** sister and a boy. Ditto; In the Otter. Carel Bevois, from Leyden; and Wife anil three children. Marten Warnarts Stolten, from SwoU. Cornells Jansen vander veer; farmer. Jan Luycas, from Oldenseel ; shoemaker, and Wife and suckling. Roelof Dircksen, from Sweden. Sweris Dirxsz, from Sweden. April; In the Beaver. Peter Arentsen Diesvelt; taylor. Amaileas Fo igio. Frenchman, farmer. Jacques Reneau, Frenchman; Agiiculturer. ' Jacques Monier, Frenchman; Agriculturer. ' Pierre Monier, Frenchman; Agiiculturer. Matthicu Savariau, Frenchman; Agriculturer. « Pierre Grissaut, Frenchman ; Agriculturist. Mainlien Jans, from Amsterdam; maiden. Peter Follenacr, from H.iselt. Cornells Michielscn, from Mcdemblick. Griefje Christians, from Tonningen. Claes Jansen, from Purmercntl; wheelwright, and Wife, servant and child. Marten van de Wert, from Utrecht; hatter. Peter van Ecke; planter, from Lcydcn. Jacobus vander Schclling, and his boy. Albert Theunisscn vcrnipulcn, from Rotterdam, and Wife and four chil- dren. Geertry van Mculon; maiden. Ilanneljn Rnyfenbccic, maidon. Matthew Andricssen, from Petera-houck. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH, 55 Hendrick Theunisz Hellinck and wife. Lawrens vaa der Spiegel van Vlissingen. Ditto; In the Moesman, Lysbcth Arents, Wife of Corn : Barents, and daughter. Aertje Leenders; widow, from Amsterdam. Barent van Loo from Elburg. Willem Jansen, from Rotterdam, Fisherman, and Wife and sucking child, and maid servant. Peter Petersen, alias Pia, from Picardy, and Wife and daughter. Dirch Belet, from Breda; cooper. Louis Aertz, from Bruges; planter. Gerrit Corn, van Niew-Kerk, and Wife and boy and sucking child. Engelbrecht Sternhuysen, fromSoest; Tailor. Thys Jansen, from TerGouw; Agriculturist. Albert Petersen; mason. Geerty Claesen. Gerrit Petersen. Giliis Mandevillc. December; In the Faith, Christiaen de Lorie, from St. Malo. Hendrick Jansen Spiers and Wife and two children. Adriaen Huybertsen Sterrevelt; Agriculturist. Harmen Stepfer, from the Dutchy of Cleef. Joost Adriaensen Pynacker, from Delft. Philip Langelens; Agriculturist, and Wife and two children. Hendrick Bos, from Leyden, and Wife and two children. Gerrit Gerritsen, from Wageningen, and Wife and one child. William Aertsen, from Wagoning. Gerrit van Manen, from Wagening. Albert Gerritsen, from Wagening. Jan Gerritsen Hagel. Hendrick Jansen, from Wagening. Jan Aertsen, from Amersfoort. Jacob Jansen, from Amersfoort. Tys Jansen, from Amersfoort. Wessel Wesselsen, from Munster. Adolph Hardenbroeck, and AVife and Son. Claes Theunissen, from Gorcum, and his servant, and boy. Lubber t Harmensen, from Overyssel, Lammert Huybertsen, from Wagening, and Wife and two children. Jan Harmans and Wife and sucking child. Roeloft Hendricks from Drenthe. Femmetje Hendricksen, maiden. Maria Mooris, from Arnhem, maiden. Marten Abrahamsen, from Bloemendael, and Wife and two children. The Wife of Hans Sodurat, Baker, and two children. Leendert Arentsen Groenevelt, and Wife. Aeltje Jacobsen ; maiden. Willem Petersen, from Amersfoort. Claes Tysen ; cooper, and two children. 66 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 1660. March; In the Love, Wiggert Ileindera, from TerGouvv; Farmer. Maritje Jansen maiden. Bart Jansen, from Amsterdam; mason, and Wife and three children. Cornelis Davilsen Schaets; wheel right. Laurens Harraens, from Holstein and Wife. Dirck Gerritsen vandienfrom Tricht; Agriculturer. Ditto ; In the Moesman. Peter Lourens and Wife. Hendrick Jansen, from Amersfoort, and Wife and four children. riTTO; In the Gilded Beaver. Annetje Abrahams; maiden. Cornelis Niesen's Wife. Jonas Bartesen, and Wife and two children. Maria Jans; Orphan Daughter. April; In the Spotted Cow* Jan Soubanich, from Byle in Drenthe. Albert Janss; from Drenthe. Peter Jacobs, from East Friesland. Cornelis Bartels, from Dren.he. Steven Koorts, from Drenthe and Wife and seven children. Jan Kevers, from the Landscape Drenthe, and Wife. Focke Jansen from Drenlhe; Agriculturist, and Wife and seven children. Claes Arcntsen, from Drenlhe, and Wife and three children, and boy. Go vert Egberts, from Meppelt, farmer's servant. Evertje Dircks, from Drenthe; maiden. Egbertje Dircks, from Drenthe; maiden. Peter Jansen; shoemaker from Drenthe, and Wife and four children. Coert Gartens, from Drenthe, farmer's servant. Roeloft Swartwout; Agriculturist. [On his return to N. Netherland wher* he had previously resided.] Cornelis Jacobs van Leeuwen; in the service of Swartwout. Arent Mcuwens, from Gclderland; in Swartwout's service. Ariaen Iluyberts, from Jena; in Swartwout's service. Peter Ilinham, from Nimwegen ; Tailor. Albert Heymans; Agriculturist, from Gelderland and Wife and eight children. Jan Jacobsen Mol. Annelje Ilarmens; maiden. Belolje Foppe. Elias Gyseling, from Zealand. Roll of Soldiers embarked in the Ship Moesman, for JYw JSTetherlandy 0th March, 1660. Peter Gysen from Doornick Adclborst, Jan God-friend from Brusscl. with his wife. Harmon Hendricks from Dcventcr. Jan Jansen from Duynkcrken. William vandcr Bccckc from Oudcnaerde. Picter Bcyard from Nicupoort. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 57* Jacob Jansen from Muyden. Willem van Schure from Leuven. Andries Norman from Steenwyck. Adrianus Forbiet from Brussel. Marten Petersen from Steenwyck. Johannis Vcrele from Antwerp. Matthys Princen from Waltneel. Idst of Soldiers embarked in the Skip the Spotted Cow, Ibth April ^ 1660. Claes Petersen, Adelborst from Betmarsum. Claes Hayen from Bremen Soldiers. Jan Petersen from Detmarsen Gerrit Manneel van Haen Conraet Croos from Switserland Hendrick Eyck from Srahuys Christian Bartels Ruysh from Amsterdam Hendrich Steveterinck from Osnasnigge Peter Martens from Laens John Hamelton of Hamelton, Johan Verpronck from Bonn above Ceulen ; a Smith and Baker. Jan Wilekheresen from Bergen in Norway Peter Petersen from AmstertUm, with his Wife & 2 children Brant Kemenes from Dockum Dirck Jansen from Bylevelt Harman Jansen Eagsinck from Oldenseel Johannes Levelin from Bulhausen Michiel Brouwnal from (Berg) Mont-eassel List of Soldiers, embarked for JVeio JYeiherland in the Ship Otter ^ mh April 1660. Jan Vresen, from Hamburg; Adelborst, and Wife and two children. Jacob Loysjelcr, from Francfort. Reinier CorneliSj from Utrechtt be dis- charged whenever he request it, to follow his trade. Daniel Lengelgraast, from Amsterdam. Joost Kockeiot, from Wrimigen. Thomas Vorstuyt, from Bremen. Jan Vaex, from Nieustad. Harmen Hellings, from Verda Jan Vier, from Bon. Gysbert Dirckson,from Schans te voorn. Jan ClaeSen, from Outserenter. Tennis Warten, from Gorcum Paulus Mettermans, from L'Orient. Ferdinandus Willays, from Cortryck. Peter Teunis, from Steenburg. Immigrants; In, the Gilded Otter. Joost Huyberts, from Gelderland; Agriculturist, and Wife and two children. \ Philip Gassier, from Calais; Agriculturist, and Wife and four children. V David IJplie, from Calais; Agriculturist, and Wife. Matthews Blanchard, from Artois; Agriculturist, and Wife and 3 children. Jan Adriaensen van Duy velant's Wife. * Anthony Krypel, from Artois; Agriculturist, and Wife. Canster Jacobs' Wife, from Hoesem and Daughter. AVillem Jacobsen, fromHaerlem; Agriculturist. Bastiaen Glissen, from Calemburg; Agriculturist, and Wife and five children. Gerrit Jansz van Veen, from Calemburg; farmer's boy. Gerrit Aartsen van Buren ; Agriculturist. Gerrit Cornelissen van Buren; Agriculturist. Cornelia Abrahams, from Gelderland ; Agriculturist, 58 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 1661. Janttary; Tn the Golden Eagle. Cornells Gerlossen, from East Friesland ; Tailor. Jannetje Barents, widow of Jan Quisthout. Jacob Farments, wife and child. May; In the Beaver. Hugh Barcntsen de Clein, and Wife and seven children. Peter Marcelis van Beest, and Wife and four children and 2 servants. Aert Pietersen Buys van Beest, and Wife and son. Frans Jacobsen van Beest, and Wife and two children. Widow Geertje Cornells van Beest, and six children. Widow Adriaentje Cornelis van Beest, and Daughter. Goossen Jansen van Noort van Beest. Hendrick Dries van Beest. Neeltje Jans van Beest. Geertruy Teunissen van Beest. Geertje Willems, from Amsterdam. Aert Teunissen Middagh, Jacob Bastiacnsen, from Heycop. Estienne Genejoy, from Rochelle, and Wife and three children. Jf* Jan Lammertsen, from Bremen. Hendrickje Jochems. Geertje Jochems. Wouter Thysen, from Hilversom. Gideon Jacobs. The Son of Evert Peterson, Consoler of the sick. Ditto; In the St. Jean Baptist. Gerrit Gerritsen, from Besevcnn. Gommert Faulessen from Antwerp. Aerent Teunissen, from Amsterdam, and Wife and two children. Jan Theunissen, from Amsterdam, and Wife and two children. Annelje van Genen, f-om Sinden. Geertje Samsnns, from Wecsp, Jan Willemsen, from the Loosdrecht, and Wife and two sons. Peter Bielliou, from Pays de vaud, and Wife and four children. Walraven Luten, from Flanders, and Wife and suckling. Mynder Coerton, frc-m Adighem. Claes Jansen. from Uithoorn and Wife and child. Andries Imans, from Leydcn. Jacob Abrahamsen Sant=. oort. Gerrit Hcndricksen, fromSwoll. Tys Barcntsen, from Lcirdam, and wife and three children. Cornelis Dirckscn Vos, from Lcirdam, and Wife, mother and two childien. November; In the Purmerland Church. Barent Cornclissen Slecht. 1G62. January; In the Qolden EagU. Peter Jansen Cuyck, from Hcusdcn, Agriculturist. Peter Jansen, from Amsterdam ; Agriculturist. Teunifl Dirckscn Boer, ami Wife and three children. Bciwart Petersen, from Hoescm; Malsler. V FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 59 March ; In the Faith. Lysbet Harmens, from the Traert. Jan Gerrits, fromEmbden; labourer. Jacob Wouters, from Amsterdam. Barent VVitten Hooft, from Munster, Tailor, and Wife and two children. Stoflfel Smet, fromKeurlo; Agriculturist. Adriaen Hendricks, from Borckelo; Agriculturist. Precilla Homes, and her brother, and one suckling. Thomas Harmenscn Brouwers, from Sevenbergen; farmer. V" Symon Cornie; farmer from France, and Wife. Adriaen Gcrritsen, from Utrecht; Agriculturist, and Wife and five children. Albert Jansen, from Steenwyck ; Tailor. Reinier Petersen, from Steenwyck; Agriculturer. Claes van Campen, from Oldenburg; farmer's boy. Adriaen Aartsen from Thillerwarden in Guilderland, Hendrick Arentsen, from the same place ; labourer. April; In the Hope. Annctje Hendricks, Wife of Jan Evertsen; shoemaker, and five children. Cornelis Dircksen Hooglant; Agriculturer, and Wife, son and Daughter. Jacob Jansen; N. Netherland; farmer, and Wife and three children. Adriaen Vincian, fromTournay; Agriculturer. Jochem Engelburgh, from Heusden. Gerrit Hargerinck, from Newenhuys, and two sons. Annetje Gillis van Beest; servant girl. Jan Petersen, from Deventer; Tailor, and Wife and three children. Jan Timmer, from Gorekum, and Wife. Luytje Gerrits; Agriculturist from Friesland. Peckle Dirc':sen, from Friesland. Willem Lubbertsen, from Meppel; Agriculturist, and Wife and six children. Lubbert Lubbertsen, from Meppel ; Agriculturist, and Wife and four children. Jan Barentsen, from Meppel; Agriculturist, and Wife and five children. Gerrit Jacobsen, from Meppel; Agriculturist. Harmtje Barents, from Meppel; Maiden. Willem Pietersen dc Groot, and Wife and five children. Abel H.irdeiibroeck, and Wife and child, and servant named Casper Ovencamp* Balthaser de Vos, from Utrecht; farmer, and Wife. Hendrick Aldertsen, from the Thillerwaerd j farmer, and two children. Albert Buer, from Gulick. Jan Spiegelaer, and Wife. August ; In the Fox. Jan de la Warde, from Antwerp. Albert Saboriski, from Prussia. Anthony Dircksen, from Brabant. )^ Pierre Martin, Pays de Vaud. Gerardus Ivc, from Pays de Vaud. Joost Grand, from Pays de Vaud. Jan Le chaire, from Valenciennes; Carpenter. J Jan Albantsen, from Steenwyck, and Wife and child. Ammereiis Claesen, maiden. Hendrick Alberlsen; Labourer Jan Claesen; labourer. 60 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW- YORK BY THE DUTCH. Lysbet Hendricksen. Jan Bosschj from Westphalen. Roelof Hermansen, from Germany, and Wife. Robbert ile la Main, from Dieppe. David Kraffort; Mason, and Wife and child. Jacomyntje Jacobs, Daughter of Jacob Swart. Juriacn Jansen, from Holstein. Anneije Anthonis, wife of Gerrit Mannaet, and her child. Souverain Ten Houte; Baker. Albert Hendricksen, from Maersen; House Carpenter. Symon Scholts, from Prussia. Hendrick Tymensen, from Loodrccht. David Ackerman, from the Mayory of Bosch, and Wife and six children. Will em Symonsen, from Amsterdam. Pierre de Marc, from Rouen; Shoemaker. Dirck Storm, from the Mayory of Bosch, and Wife and three children. David i3avidsen, from Maestricht. Jan Joosten, from the Thiclcrwaert, and wife and five children. Claes Barents, from Dort. Lendert Dircksen Van Venloo, of Rumunt. Adreaen Lowrensen Van Loesren, carpenter. October, In the Purmerland Church. Claus Paulus, from Detmarsum, and Wife. Nicolas du Pui, from Artois, and Wife and three children. Arnout du Tois, from Ryssel, (Lisle,) and VV^ife and one child. Gideon Meiiit, and Wife and four children. Louis Louhman, and Wife and three children. Jacques Cossaris, and Wife and two children. Jan de Conohilier, (now, Consilyea) and Wife and five children. Jacob Colff, from Leyden, and Wife and two children. Judith Jans, from Leyden^ maiden. Carstcn Jansen. Ferdinanilus de Mulder. Isaac Veriiiel, and Wife and /our children. Abelis Setshoorn. Claes Jansen van Ileynengen. 1663. March ; In the Rosetree. Andries Pieterscn van B^rj^en. Dirck Everts, from Amcrsfoort, and Wife and three children. Peter Jansen, from Amcrsfoort, and four chililren. Fredrick Clacsen, from Norway. Jeremias Jansen, from Woslerlioot. Jan Jaoobsen, from East Fries^land, and Wife and two children. Hendrick Hendricksen, from Westphalia. Hendrick Lammerls, from Aniersfoorf. .Tan Jansen Verborck, from Burcn, and Wife and five children. Jannetje Willcmsen. Adrian T.amniertsen, from TieUIervcen, and Wife and six children. Jacob Hondricka, his Nephew. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 61 Theunis Jansen, from the country of Liege» and Wife and six children. Thys Jansen, from the country of Liege, and four children. Theunis Gerritsen; painter, from Buren. Jan Petersen Buys van Beest. Hendrick Hansen, from Germany. Edward Smith, from Leyden. Peter Martensen, from Ditmarsum, and child. Bay Groesvelt, and Wife and sucking child. Cornelis Claesen, from Amsterdam. Hendrick Abels, from Leyden. Barent Hoist, from Hamburgh. Hendrick Wessels, from Wishem. Claes Woutcrs, from Amersfoort, and Wife and one child, Grietje Hendricks, Wife of Jan Arentsen Smith in Esopus and daughter. Jan Cornelisz van Limmigen. Hendrick Jansen; painter. Grietje Harmens, from Alckmaer. Fredrick Claesen, from Mespclen. Ditto ; In the Eagle, Willem Schot. Elias Jansen, from Tiel. Dirck Schiltman, from Tiel. Andrees Petersen, from Tiel. Maria Laurens. Grietje Jaspers, from Tiel ; maiden. Dirck Lucas. Clement Rosens. Evert Dirksen, from Vianen, and two children. April; In the Spotted Cow. Hendrick Corneliss, from New Netherland. Staes de Groot, from Tricht. Elje Barents, the Wife of Adam Bremen, and servant girl. Jan Lourens, from Schoonder Woort, and Wife and two children, Theunis Bastiaensen Cool, and child. Jan Bastiaensen, from Leerdam, and Wife and four children. Giel Bastiaensen, from Leerdam, and Wife and four children. Gerrit Jans, from Arnhem, and Wife and Brothcr-in-Law, Arnoldus Willems, Joris Adriaensen, from Leerdam. Peter Matthysen, from Limborgh. Jan Boerhans. Lammert Jansen Dorlant. Gerrit Verbeeck. Grietje Gerrits, the Wife of Dirck Jansen, and two children, Adriaen Jansen Honink from Well, and Wife and four children, Hans Jacob Sardingh. Juriaen Tomassen, from Rypen. Jan Laurens, from Rypen. Jan Otto van Teyl, and Wife and child. Matthys Bastiaensen vander Peich, and daughter. ^Marytje Theunis van Beest. y Jerome Bovie, from Pays de Vaud, and Wife and five children. 62 FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. David de Marist, from Picardy, and Wife and four children. Pierre Wiu, from the Pays de Vaud, and Wife, sucking child and sister. Jean Mesurole, from Picardy, and Wife and sucking child. Jean Arien, from Monpellier, and Wife and child (removed to the Islands). Martin Renare, from Picardy, and Wife and child. Jacob Kerve, from Leyden, and Wife. Pierre Parmentie, from Pays de Vaud, and Wife and son. Joost Houpleine, from Flanders, and Wife and son. Joost Houpleine, junior, and Wife and sucking child. Guilliam Goffou, from Sweden. Moillart Journay, from Pays de vaud. Pierre Richard, from Paris. June; In the Star, Peter Worster. Vieu Pont, from Normandy. Joan Paul de Rues. Ditto; In the St. Jacob. Geertje Huyberts, Wife of Jan Gerritsen, from Marken, and nephew. Annetje Jacobs, from Gornichem. September; In the Stetin. Schout Olferts, from Friesland, and Wife and child and servant Foppe Johannis. Jacob Govertsen, and son. Jan Jansen, the younger, and Wife and child. Claes Jansen, from Amsterdam, and Wife and three children. Anthoni Berghman, from Gorcum. Hendrick Gerretsen, from Aernhem. Willem Van Voorst, from Arnhem. Grietjc Jansen, from Weldorp. Cornelis Teunissen, from Norway. Peter Carstensen, from Holsteyn and son. Jacob Bastiaensen, from Newerveen. Jan Jansen, from Norway, and Wife. Grietje Hargeringh, Jan Hargeringh, from Newenhuys. Johannes Burger, from Geemen. Gysbert Krynnc Boelhont. Belctje Jacobs, van Naerden. Reinier Claesen, from Francken. Hesscl Megelis, from Friesland. Jan Laurense, from Ne-v Netherlurid. Albert Adriaense de Bruyn, from the Betawe. Dirck Teunissen van Naerden. Jan Vrcesen, from Hamburg. Jan Roclofsen, from Norway. Susanna Verplanck, and child Lysbet ver Schurcn. Jan Brouwcr, and Brother. Annetje Hendricks, Wife of Fredrick Hendricks Cooper. Douwc Aukcs. Merino Johannis, and Wife and four children, together with his Wife's sister and hia servant. FIRST SETTLEMENT OF NEW-YORK BY THE DUTCH. 63 October; In the St. Peter, Marritje Jans, from Amsterdam. Boel Roelofs, from Friesland. Peter Alberts, from Vlissingen, and Wife and two children. Ariaen Peters Kurae, from Flissingen. Willem Luycass, from Maeslands-sluys. 1664. January; In the Faith, Marcelis Jansen van Bommel; farmer. Evert Tack, from the Barony of Breda. Lysbet Arens, from Amsterdamj and child. Johannis Hardenbroeck, from Elberveld, and Wife and four children. Janneken Juriaensen, from Gorcum. Corneliss Cornelisscn Vernoey, and Wife and sucking child. Lysbet de Roode, from Dantzick, Wife of John Saline, and child. Sara Teunis. Ditto ; la the Broken Heart. Lysbeth Jansen van Wie, near Goch. The Wife of Govert van Oy, and two children. Jan Jansen, from Amsterdam. Claes Gerritsen, son of Gerrit Lubbertsen, from Wesel. S. Vander Wessels. Jan Wouterse van Norden. Ditto ; In the Beaver. Anietje Hendricks van der Briel. April; In the Concord. Abigel Verp-anck, and child. Claes Mellis, from Great Schermer, and Wife and two children and servant. Jan Taelman. Hendrick Bartholomeus and five children. Claes Gerritseu, and Wife and child. Jentje Jeppes, and Wife and three children. Bastiaen Corneliss, from Maersen. Maes Willems, from lleyland. The Wife of Jan Evertsen van Lier, and child. Claes Andriessen, from Holsteyn. Gerrit Gerritsen, from Swol. ' Sicke Jans, from Amsterdam. Seravia vander Hagen, and child. Carel Enjoert, from Flanders, and Wife and three children. Hendrick Wienrick, from Wesel. Adriaentje Hendricks, and child.