BLANK BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c. FRANCIS & LOUTREL, 45 Maiden Lane, !¥• IT., STATIONERS, PRINTERS, MANUFACTURERS OF Patent Spring* Back Account Book?, PATENT SAFETY CHECK. This Check cannot be altered without instant detection. Our PATENT COPYABLE PRINTING INK will copy In an •rdinary copying press equal to any of the tiuid writing inks. All kinds ol first-class Stationery, Writing Papers, Desks, Portfolios, Scrap Books, Expense Books, Diaries, Ladies'. Gents' and Family Wash Books, Pocket Cutlery, Cards, Chessmen, Wallets, > 45,>Iaiden Lane, New York. ESTABLISHED 1817'. Manufacturers and Importers, 652 BROADWAY, N. Y. SWISS WATCHES of all descriptions, PARIS and GENEVA Gold Jewelry. CLOCKS ami Mantel Ornaments'. BRONZE GROUPS and Statuettes. CARRIAGE CLOCKS, library Sets. MUSICAL BOXES, Fancy Goods. CHATELAINE WATCHES in great variety. HORSE-TIMERS, &c. Sole Agents for the Celebrated JAMES NARDIN WATCH. House in Geneva, 14 Grand Q,uai. FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. Office, No. 1 20 Broadway, New York, Cor. Cedar Street* INCORPORATED B. S. WALCOTT, President. I. REMSEN LANE, Secretary. Cash Capital, - $500,000 00 Assets, January 1st, 1874, 31.592,775.09 Agencies in all the Principal Towns in the United States. CHARLES L. ROE, ^4^. Sec'y. THOMAS JAMES, Actuary. Western and Southern Agency Department, New York; "Under- writer's Agency," A. STODDART, General Agent. EVERYTHING FOR THE €4 SOLD BY Peter Henderson & Co., IPlAwf < 35 CORTLANDT STREET, New Tor 7c. (^"Catalogues mailed on application. BROADWAY and 42d STREET, NEW YORK. But three blocks distant from the Grand Central Depot of the New York Central. Hudson River, Harlem and £ew Haven and Boston Railroads, on Forty-second Street Broadwav, Sixth and Seventh Avenue Lines of Horse-Cars running by and near the Hotel, day and mght, between City Hall and Central Park. House new-Rooms large (en suite or single)^ elegantly furnished, and perfectly ventilated, and every Room sup- plied with Hot and Cold Water, Steam and Gas. Steam Elevators, Telegraph-office, Baths, etc. RAND BROTHERS, Proprietors. M. J. PAILLARD & CO., 680 BROADWAY, Manufacturers and Jmporters of MUSICAL BOXES M. J. PAILLARD & CO., 680 Broadway, N. Y., are the largest Importers of, and Dealers m Musical boxes. In their immense, attractive and well se- lected stock (the largest and finest in the world) can be found a variety of these charming instruments ranging from the small toy box that plays 1, 2, 3 or 4 tunes, for babies and children, to those of the most elegant dimen- sions playing from 4 to over 1 00 different tunes, for inva- lids, family circles and parlors. Persons visiting New York will find at M. J. Paillard & Co.'s the most desirable article to make a present with to their families or friends, while they can enjoy an hour of rest in listening to delicious music. MUSICAL BOXES REPAIRED BY SKILLFUL WORKMEN. M. J. Paillard & Co., 680 Broadway, N. Y. GEORGE A. LEAVITT & CO., AUCTIONEERS, BOOK SALE ROOMS, Clinton Hall, Astor Place, New York. LEAVITT ART ROOMS, 817 & 819 Broadway, Devote their attention exclusively to the Sale- by Auction, of PAINTINGS, LIBRARIES, COttECTJONe OF BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, COINS, WORKS OF ART, ALL EINDS OF LITEEAEY PEOPEETY, Libraries Catalogued and Sold. Collections of Paintings Catalogued and Sold. Having recently leased the Galleries, 817 & 819 Broadway, formerly known as the " Leeds Art Galleries," the Undersigned offer unusual facilities for the Exhibi- tion and Sale of Painting's. GEORGE A. LEAVITT & CO. BARR & CO., BOOKBINDERS, 173 and 175 Grand Street, Cor. Baxter, 1ST IE "W YORK. Tree, Jf alf aj^d fuLL £alf, Russia, Turkay and Levant Morocco Bindings. Magazines, Music and Autographs bound in the most elegant styles. Estimates cheerfully given. BARR db OCX, 173 and 175 Grand Street, cor. Baxter Street, New York. 930 Arch Street, Philadelphia. A. J. HOLMAN & CO., PUBLISHERS op family & Pulpit !ifil§s f MANUFACTURERS OP PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS. FIRST PREMIUMS AWARDED FOR FINELY ILLUSTRATED FAMILY DIDLES, BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, NEW YORK; CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION; and FRANKLIN INSTITUTE EXHIBITION, PHILADELPHIA. Our numerous styles of BIBLES vary from $1.50 to $30, embracing TURKEY MOROCCO, PANKLED, full gilt ; ANTIQUE LEVANT, equal to the LON DON and OXFORD Editions, yt halt' their prices. ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 51 WALL 8TREET. MARINE AND INLAND INSIRANfE. JOHN D. JONES, Pres. CHARLES DENNIS, V. Preg. W. H. H. MORE , 2d V. Pres. JOHN D. HEWLETT, 3d V. Vrm. J. H. CHAPMAN, Secretary ALEX. PIRIE & SONS' CELEBRATED Writing Papers AND INYILOPE& FOR SALE AT ALL FIRST-CLASS STATIONERS, AND WHOLESALE BY THE ESTATE OP GEO. H. REAY, No. 77 JOHN STREET, JAMES CONNER'S SONS' UNITED STATES Type and Electrotype Foundry PRINTERS' WAREHOUSE, 28, 30 Sc 32 CESTBE STBEET, Cor.Duane&Reade Sis NEW YORK. A LAHGE 8TOCK OF English and German Paces, JjjBoth Plain and Or namental, KEPT ON HAND. ALL TYPE CAST AT THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS MANUFACTURED FROM THE METAL KNOWN AS 'CONNER'S UNEQUALED HARD TYPE METAL." Every Article necessary for a Perfect Printing Office furnished at Short Notice. The Type on which this Book is Printed is from the above Foundry, Spanish, French and Portuguese Founts furnished with the proper Accents. The Largest and Finest Hotel in the World ! Erected at a total cost of $2,500,000, the Grand Central Hotel offers every convenience and luxury belonging to its high position among first-class hotels. Midway between up-town and down-town hotels, it also offers the best advantages in location. TERMS— $3, $3.50 and $4 per day, according to location of floor. H. Li. POWERS, Proprietor. T. B. PETERSON & BROTHERS, Publishers and Booksellers, No- 3068, Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Pa. We publish and have constantly on hand full and varied editions of the works of all tne famous American and Foreign novelists, whose writings are very entertaining, and are among the most popular now in existence. The most of thein are bound in strong cloth binding, and a few in paper covers. Examination is asked for the editions of ihe " writings of Mrs. Ann S. Stephens, a very popular favorite ; Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth, whose romances are always in demand ; Mrs. Ellent Wood, the authoress of k 'East Lynne ;" Mrs. Caroline Lee Hentz, whose stories of Southern life stand unparalleled in their sim- ple truth and exquisite beauty ; Mrs. C. A. Warfield, another very popular Southern writer ; Miss Eliza A. Dupuy, who has made a wonderful mark, and is gaining great popularity every day ; G. W. M. Reynolds, whose romances of London life, founded on facts, are of ma chless interest ; Sut Walter Scott, whose Wavcrley " novels still maintain a strong hold on the people. Charles Dickens' complete writings we furnish in every variety of style. We have also complete sets, in various styles of binding, of the weird stories of George Lip- pard ; the martial novels of Chaules Lever ; the comical nautical tales of Captain Marry att ; Emerson Bennett's Indian stories; Henry Cockton's laughable narratives : T. S. Arthur's temperance tales and household stories; the wmideiful and entertaining novels of Alexander Dumas, Eugene Sue, and W. H. Ainsworth ; Gust AVE Aeuard's stories of Western life ; the quiet domestic novels of Fredrika Bremer and Ellen Pickering ; the masterly novels of Wilkie Col- lins and George Sand ; Frank Fairlegh's quaint stories, and Samuel Warren's elaborate romances; the works of Mrs. C. J. Newby, Mrs. Grey, and Miss Pardoe ; W. H. Herbhrt's sporting stories, and the graphic Italian romances of T. A. Tkolt.ope ; together with numerous others. Our collection of novels is very large and choice, and we are in a position to supply all book-buyers, either at retail or wholesale, on very advantageous terms, and at exceedingly low and popular prices for cash. For the accommodation of readers, all of our publications can be had of the principal Booksellers and News Agents throughout the United States, and Canada. We invite all visiting Philadelphia to give us a call, if only to inspect our various editions and secure a copy of our new 111 u>t rated Catalogue, containing a Portrait and Sketch of all our principal Authors, which is free to all ; or it will be sent to any address, if written for, and careful and immediate attention will be paid to all orders sent us. Address all orders and communications for further information to T. B. PETERSON & BROTHERS, Publishers and Booksellers, No. 3068, Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Pa. F. JULIUS KALDENBERG-, Received a Prize AT THE Paris Exposition 1867. MANUFACTURER OF GENUINE MEERSCHAUM PIPES, Amber Mouth Pieces, Stems, Amber Jewelry, &c, All kinds of Repairing, Boiling in Wax, Etc. Mounting in Gold and Silver. Ambers put on at the shortest notice, by the most competent men in the trade, and on my own premises. PIPES, HOLDERS AND MEERSCHAUMS made to order with Monograms, Crests, Portraits, etc. By a new process I boil Pipes all over, and warrant the color to remain. No Button required in Smoking. Importer of, Dealer in Ivory, Tortoise Shell, Manufacturer of IVORY Turner and PEAEL SHELL, Bone, Horn, etc, all kinds of GOOD S. PEARL WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Fine Umbrella Handles made for the trade, with fancy designs and carvings a specialty. Martingales and Napkin Rings, Walking Canes, Opera Glasses, lyory and Pearl Fans, Toirtoise Shell Goods, Etc., Etc. REPAIRING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. IF\ J- KALDENBEB.G, Factory and Salesroom, 117 Fulton Street, 3d door from Nassau, running through to 44 Ann Street. STORES: 71 Nassau Street, Corner John. 6 Astor House, Broadway, opposite New Post Office. And | | 7 Fulton Street, New York. Wilkii^' 8M & dk^e ^nqpoi^iunq, 1247 BROADWAY, near 31st Street. A great variety of the best Birds and Cages in the Market at the lowest prices, Taie Birds A Specialty. Talking Parrots, Whistling BULLFINCHES, Always on hand. Visitors Welcome, ^LSO, ft. JMNE j^LORAL, pEPARTMENT. A Great Variety of Cat Flowers and Plants Constantly on Hand. All orders for Parties, Funerals, etc., promptly attended to. ARLINGTON HOUSE, 22, 24 & 26 FOURTEENTH ST,, Between Union Square & 5th Avenue. EUROPEAN PLAN, ROOMS PER DAY OR WEEK. I<. $tine, Proprietor, J^EW yoRK. This House is located in the most central part of the city, and in the immediate neighborhood of all places of amuse- ment and principal business houses. All modern lan- guages spoken. Rooms en suite or single. SEED, #00®, AND All kinds of Goods connected with a first-class business, SEYMOUR DURST ( AVERY VOURST MILLER'S NEW YORK AS IT IS. OB STRANGER'S GUIDE-BOOK TO THE CITIES OP NEW rORK, BROOKLYN AND ADJACENT PLACES: COMPRISING NOTICES OF EVERY OBJECT OF INTEREST TO STRANG EB8; INCLUDING 'UBLIO BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, HOTELS, PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, Etc. WElitf) jHap artU numerous 5 Iluatratfon*. NEW YORK: JAMES MILLER. 647 BROADWAY. 1876. 129.1 3 Entered according to \ct of Congress, in the year 187 RESERVOIR PARK. Reservoir Square is located between the Fifth and Sixth avenues, and 40th and 42d streets, and has an extent of between nine and ten acres, upon one-half of which is the " Distributing Reservoir." The other, or western half, once had upon it the "New York Crystal Palace," but since the destruction of that building by the tire of 1858, the grounds have been kept open as a park. This square has been selected as the site of the College of the City of New York. MT. MORRIS SQUARE. Mt. Morris Square presents the anomalous appearance of an abrupt hill, with thickly wooded sides, rising from the midst of -a plain that Las no other hills upon it. It " head's off'' the Fifth Avenue at 120th street, and ex- tends as far north as 124th street, and its area is nearly twenty acres. It is the breathing spot of the pretty village of Harlem, and the favorite resort of the citizens. OTHER SQUARES. The other squares, such as Hamilton, Manhattan, Bloomingdale, etc., contain from fifteen to twenty -two acres each, but are not at present prepared for park purposes, being in an unimproved condition. 38 CITY OF NEW YORK. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. THE NEW COUBT HOUSE. This immense building, situated in the rear of the City Hall, fronting on Chambers street, is justly con- sidered one of the most substantial edifices in the United States. Its equal is certainly not to be found in the city, and the immensity of the structure can only be seen and felt by a comparison with buildings of great capacity, towering as it does above the five- story buildings in the vicinity, completely overlooking the present City Hall, and commanding as fine a view of the surroundings of New York as can possibly be had. It was commenced in September, 1861, under the direction and superintendence of Mr. Cummings H. Tucker, who was appointed by the Board of Supervis- ors for this purpose. The architect was Mr. John Kel- lum, the same who also had charge of A. T. Stewart's immense building, corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty- fourth street, and who also built the Stock Exchange, and several other large buildings in this city. The entire length of the building is 250 feet, and the breadth 150 ; rectangular in form, and three stories in height above ground. The plans and designs called for materials (particularly with reference to iron and mar- ble) of great magnitude, and the expense attendant upon their selection, preparation, and adaptation, to- gether with all the embellishments, was necessarily very heavy. The original cost was estimated at about $800,000, but the increased expense of material and labor, together with the notorious Court House frauds, so-called, has made the entire expenses over $7,500,000. The cost of the City Hall, which was nine years in build- PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 39 ing, was about $700,000. The height of the new Court House, from the base course to top of pediment, is 97 feet. The dome reaches 128 feet high above the pediment, making a total height of the building, from the base course to the top of dome, 225 feet. From the side- walk to the pediment the building is 82 feet high, and from sidewalk to top of the dome 210 feet. The new Court House is an entirely fire-proof build- ing — the ceilings from base to attic all being formed of brick arches. And when we 'consider that in this will be deposited all the records, wills, leases, and docu- ments of the offices of the Register, County Clerk, and Surrogate, the citizens of New York, who are all more or less interested in the preservation of these, will feel a security as to their property and interests not hitherto felt. It affords accommodations for County Clerk, Regis- ter, Surrogate, Sheriff, and Tax Departments, and Tax Offices— departments in which it is of the utmost im- portance that business should be transacted daily and with dispatch. The Court-rooms are large, airy, unobstructed by columns, made with reference to the principles of acoustics, and finisned in an agreeable and pleasing manner, so that they form an attractive feature to the spectator, and all to whom may be intrusted the admin- istration'of justice ; differing in this respect from most of the large rooms in the Capitol at Washington, the City Hall, and other public buildings, in which, as a general thing, the shadows and sombre hues are so strong as to intercept that light and heat so necessary to lend a cheerful aspect to any auditory. SEVENTH EEGIMENT ARMORY. This large iron edifice is located almost directly op- posite the Cooper Union, on the Third avenue, and oc- 40 CITY OF KEW YORE. cupies the entire block between Sixth and Seventh streets. It is constructed entirely of iron, is 200 feet long by 100 wide, and cost over $250,000. The first floor is used as a market, and known as "Tompkins Market.' 1 The second floor is divided into company armories and meeting-rooms, which are fitted up and furnished at the expense of the several companies of the regiment. The entire expense on the interior of the building nearly or quite equals the original cost of the structure. The third floor is used for a drill-room by the whole regiment. The basement, or floor beneath the market, has been prepared for target practice and squad-drills. By resolution of Common Council, approved April 6, 1855, the use of the armory was given the Seventh Regiment, New York National Guard, during the pleasure of the Common Council, but was not built, and used by the regiment, till the year 1859. EIGHTH REGIMENT ARMORY, Comprises the upper part of Centre Market, situated at the corner of Grand and Centre streets. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT ARMORY, located in Fourteenth-street, near Sixth avenue, waa irected in 1863, at a cost of $150,000. SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT ARMORY. At the junction of Broadway and Sixth avenue, is a stately-looking building, occupying an entire square block, and was erected in 1861, at a cost of $200,000. City II a l l . PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 41 THE CITY HALL. This is an imposing edifice, and, for the most part, built of marble. It was constructed between the years 1803-10. At the celebration of the Atlantic Telegraph, the clock-tower and other upper portions of the build- ing were destroyed by fire, but have since been rebuilt. Previous to the completion of the new cupola, our City Fathers contracted with Messrs. Sperry & Co., the celebrated tower-clock makers of Broadway, to build a clock for it, at a cost not exceeding $4,000, that our citizens might place the utmost reliance upon, as a time- keeper of unvarying correctness. During the month of April the clock was completed, and the busy thousands who were daily wont to look up to the silent monitor, above which the figure of justice was enthroned, hailed its appearance with the utmost satisfaction. It is un- doubtedly the finest specimen of a tower clock on this side of the Atlantic, and as an accurate time-keeper competent judges pronounce it to be unsurpassed in the world. The main wheels are thirty inches in diameter, the escapement is jeweled, and the pendulum, which is in itself a curiosity, is over fourteen feet in length. It is a curious fact that the pendulum bob weighs over 300 pounds; but so finely finished is every wheel, pinion and pivot in the clock, and so little power is required to drive them, that a weight of only 100 pounds is all that is necessary to keep this ponderous mass of metal vibrating, and turn four pairs of hands on the dials of the cupola! The clock does not stand, as many suppose, directly behind the dials, but in the story below, and a perpendicular iron rod twenty-five feet in length connects it with the dial-works above. In the building are the several offices of the Mayor, Common Council and Aldermen, the Governor's room, City Library, and other business offices. 42 any of new york. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, Occupying the building which was formerly the Mer chants' Exchange, is located between Wall street, Ex- change Place, William and Hanover streets. The material employed in its construction is blue Quincy granite, and * it is characterized by fine proportions, and massive, sub s'tantial appearance. Its dimensions are on such a scale as to produce a fine architectural effect, being in length, 200 feet; in width, from 144 to 171; while it has an elevation of 77 feet at the cornice, and 124 feet at the top of the dome. The portico of eighteen Ionic columns, which graces its front, imparts to it an imposing effect. The interior of the building fully sustains the impression ; for besides the numerous apartments set apart to various uses, it contains a rotunda in the centre, surmounted by a lofty dome, which is supported, in part, by eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble. This rotunda is capable of containing 3000 persons. Its entire cost, including the ground, was over $1,800,000. The archi- tect was Isaiah Rogers ; and it was built on the site of the old Exchange, destroyed by the fire of 1835. The original stockholders lost every penny of their invest- ment, it having been sold to other hands to defray the mortgage held by the Barings of London. THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE Is now held in William street, near Exchange Place. The Merchants' Exchange sales-room is in the Trinity Building, on Broadway, north of Trinity Church. THE NEW POST-OFFICE, At the lower end of the City Hall Park (junction of Broadway and Park Row), is a grand and imposing granite edifice of the Doric style of architecture, and is said to be entirely fire-proof. It occupies an excellent site, and shows to good advantage from every side. It Custom House. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 43 is, beyond question, the finest post-office building, with possibly one exception — that at Washington — which has been erected in the United States. It is very nearly 350 feet in length, about 300 feet in width, find is five stories high, surmounted with an enormous dome. The stranger will be amply repaid by a visit, and should particularly note the rapid and systematic man- ner in which the enormous mails — fully 250,000 letters daily — are distributed. The upper portion of the building is occupied by the several United States District Courts, and also by other officials of the Federal Government. THE UNITED STATES TREASURY AND ASSAY OFFICE, On the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, is a splendid building, constructed in the Doric order of Grecian architecture. It is built in the most substantial manner of white marble, something after the model of the Par- thenon at Athens ; as a piece of masonry, it is equal to any structure extant, and to judge from appearances, likely to become as enduring as the pyramids; it occupies the site of the old Federal Hall. The building is 200 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 80 feet high : at the southern end, on Wall street, is a portico of eight purely Grecian columns, 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, and 32 feet high ; and on the northern end, on Pine street, is a correspond- ing portico, of similar columns. The front portico is ascended by eighteen marble steps, and the rear portico, on Pine street, by only three or four marble steps. It is two lofty stories high above the basement story. The great business hall is a splendid room, 60 feet in diame- ter. The cost of the building, including the ground, w^as $1,195,000. THE CITY ARMORY, The old City Armory or Arsenal, is situated at the junction 3f Elm and White streets, extending 84 feet on 44 CITY OF NEW YORK. Elm, and 131 feet on White street. The edifice is so con- structed, that in case of any popular tumult, it could be defended by a garrison of 50 men. The ground-floor is used as 'a gun-room, and the upper room for drilling, &c. The style of the architecture is a kind of gothic, with castellated towers. This arsenal contains a por- tion of the artillery of the first division of the New York State Militia. It is intended that a large flagstaff shall be erected on the centre of the roof of this build- ing, in order that telegraphic communications may be conveyed by wires from it to the new arsenal up towr., which is situated on the corner of Thirty-fifth street and Seventh Avenue. THE HALL OF RECORDS, Located to the east of the City Hall, was origii.ally used for a prison, and subsequently as a cholera hos- pital. It is of coarse stone stuccoed over; th( en- trances north and south, are ornamented with ^9nic columns. The building is now used as the Depository for Deeds, Records, &c. THE HALLS OF JUSTICE. This is the city prison, or as it is more familiarly styled, from its gloomy aspect, a the Tombs." It is a spacious building, or rather series of buildings, — occupying the square bounded by Centre street on the east, Elm street on the west, and Franklin and Leonard streets on the north and south. It is a massive structure, in the Egyptian style, the main entrance being by an ascent of steps beneath a large portico supported by massive Egyptian columns. The Court of Sessions, Police Court, and others, are held in this building. It also comprises the prison, which has about 150 cells. The house of detention measures 142 feet by 45. The place of execution of criminals is the interior court- yard. The edifice was completed in 1838. On appli- cation to the keeper, visitors may obtain admission to the building. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 45 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. BLACK WEIL'S ISLAND. A visit to the several establishments on this island will well repay any one interested in the efforts for amel- iorating human suffering. There are on the island, the Penitentiary, with its 500 to 1000 convicts, the Aims- House Hospital, the Lunatic Asylum, and the New Work-House, — which last is one of the most complete edifices in the country. It is built of stone taken from the quarries of the island. It is a very spacious build- ing, being capable of holding about 600 persons ; all its internal arrangements are very complete. The humane object of this institution is to separate vagrants from criminals, and to compel all to work who are able to do something towards their own support. The build- ing, which is 325 feet in length, cost about $100,000. Tickets for admission to the island can be obtained of the (Jommissioners of Public Charities and Correction ; office, corner Eleventh street and Third avenue. There are various modes of conveyance to the is- land, — by the Second or Third avenue cars to Ninety- second street, where a boat will be found at almost any hour ; also by steamer from foot of Twenty-seventh street, East River. WARD'S ISLAND May also be visited by the same conveyances, on ob- taining a permit from the Commissioners of Emigra- tion, at their office in the New City Hall, near the junction of Chambers and Centre streets. RANDALL'S ISLAND May be reached also by boat from foot of 27th. St.E.R. each day at noon. Here aie the nurseries for the sup- 46 CITY OF NEW YOHK. port and instruction of destitute children. This insti- tution is the most interesting of all, and commends itself to the sympathies of all who would become acquainted with the benevolent agencies of New York city. Permits may be had, as for Blackwell's Island. There are usually to be seen here, in the several insti- tutions, from 4000 to 5000 persons young and old. THE NEW YORK ORPHAN ASYLUM, Situated in Bloomingdale, near Eightieth street, com- prises a fine building 120 feet by 60, and nine acres ot ground, laid out with much taste. These grounds com- mand a splendid view of the Hudson and East Kivers with the surrounding scenery. There are in this insti- tution about 200 orphans. The institution was incor- porated by charter in 1807, and its present edifice was completed in 1840. It is a most praiseworthy insti- tution, and a very interesting one to visit. THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, A branch of the New York Hospital, is situated in the Bloomingdale Eoad, at a distance of about seven miles from the City Hall. It occupies a most beautiful and commanding site, and its approach and surroundings are admirably fitted to lighten the sense of depression and gloom which we instinctively associate with every establishment of the kind. The treatment administer- ed to its unfortunate inmates, too, is of the most en- lightened, humane, and rational sort. The principal building is 211 feet in length, 60 in depth, and four stories in height; with side buildings. The approach to the Asylum from the southern en- trance, by the stranger who associates the most sombre scenes with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The sudden opening of the view, the extent of the grounds, the various avenues gracefully winding through so arge a lawn ; the cedar hedges, the fir and other orna- mental trees, tastefully distributed or grouped, the BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 47 variety of shrubbery and flowers. The central building, however, is always open to visitors, and the view from the top of it, being the most extensive and beautiful of any in the vicinity of the city, is well worthy of their attention. THE LENOX HOSPITAL, Appropriately named after its benevolent and public- spirited founder, Mr. James Lenox, is situated on Sev- entieth street, near Fifth Avenue. There are three large handsome buildings, pleasantly situated, and with every imaginable convenience that the comfort of its inmates requires ; the whole, includ- ing the site on which it is erected^ being a gift of its founder to the city. Probably no finer buildings, en- dowed by a single individual and devoted to such a charitable purpose, have ever been erected in this or any other country. MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, Lexington Avenue, between Sixty-sixth and Sixty- seventh streets, comprises several buildings of the Elizabethan order of architecture, constructed of brick, trimmed with marble, and complete in all their ap- pointments. The entire cost was about $350,000. THE ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL, Located on Fifty-ninth street and Ninth Avenue, is an immense brick structure. It was founded by the late James H. Roosevelt, another of our great philanthro- pists, whose name it bears, and is in every respect an excellent institution. CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL AND NURSERY, Including a Foundling Asylum, and a Lying-in-Asylum, is corner of 51st street and Lexington Avenue. The pro- ceeds of a brilliant annual ball is given to this chari- table institution 48 CITY OF NEW YORK. THE BELLEVUE HOSPITAL, Under the management of the Board of Commissioners of Charities and Correction, is located at Twenty-sixth street and East River. The accommodations here are also excellent. THE NEW YORK DISPENSARIES, Which are associations for giving medicine and medical advice to the poor. The Northern Dispensary, situated on the corner of Christopher st. and Waverley place, was founded in 1829 ; and the Eastern Dispensary, on the corner of Ludlow street and Essex Market Place, was instituted in 1834. There is also a still older Dispensary on the corner of White and Centre streets, established in 1795; and is estimated to have given relief to more than fifty thousand patients since its first organiz- ation. THE DEMILT DISPENSARY Is a fine building at the corner of the Second Avenue and Twenty-third street, which with the ground cost $30,000 — the noble donation of the late Miss Demilt. About 3000 patients are annually benefited by this noble charity of a single benefactor. THE ASYLUM FOR AGED INDIGENT FEMALES Is located in Twentieth street, near Second Avenue. Its title indicates sufficiently the object of the institution, which is both well filled and well sustained. ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, At the corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifty-fourth street, is an admirable charity institution, sustained by mem- bers of the Episcopal Churches of ^etv York. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 49 LEAKE & "WATTS ORPHAN HOUSE. This praiseworthy institution, founded by the two benevolent persons whose names it bears, is located on Ninth Avenue, corner of West 111th street, and, as its name implies, is the orphan's friend. THE MAGDALEN FEMALE ASYLUM, Situate west of the Harlem railroad, on Eighty-eighth street, near Fifth Avenue. This praiseworthy institu- tion, as its name indicates, has been established for the recovery and restoration of fallen and distressed females. It is well sustained ; and by the self-sacrificing labors ot the benevolent, has been productive of great good. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SUEGE0NS. This is a handsome edifice, corner of Twenty-third street and Fourth Avenue. It was founded in 1807, has eight professors, and about two hundred students. There is a small library here of about 1,500 volumes, and an anatomical museum. This museum is ac- cessible to the public on application to the janitor. STEWART S HOME FOR WORKING WOMEN, Fourth Avenue, extending from Thirty-third to Thirty- fourth streets, is a gigantic iron structure, erected by Mr. A. T. Stewart, and intended as a Home for the Working Women of New York, where, at a reasonable price, the comforts and independence of private life may be obtained ; it presents a grand and imposing- appearance, and is one of the most substantial edifices in this city. A Library and Reading-Rooms are also provided. 50 CITY OF NEW YORK. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. This noble and well-conducted Asylum is situated at Fanwood, Washington Heights, on 162d street, which is reached by means of the Hudson River rail- road. The principal building measures 110 feet by 60, and is five stories high. It is capable of accommodating from 200 to 300 pupils, exclusive of the principal and teachers, &c. It is one of the best-endowed institutions of benevolence in New York ; being sustained by ap- propriations made by the State Legislature, by the City Corporation, and private benefactions. The pupils are instructed in the ordinary branches of learning, and some of them in the various trades. Dr. Peet is the superintendent. Open to the public from half-past one to four p. m. every day. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND Is on the Ninth Avenue, between Thirty-third and Thirty -fourth streets, occupying 32 lots of ground, pre- sented by James Boorman, Esq. The edifice is of gran- ite, and of the Gothic order of architecture. It owes its origin mainly to Dr. J. D. Russ, whose attention was directed to the sightless condition of a large number of the children in the City Alms House. Moved by the spectacle, he determined to devote himself to their re- lief, and for that purpose took seven children from the Alms House and gratuitously instructed them for nearly two years, and finally obtained the passage of an act by the legislature for their support. In this effort he was ably supported by Samuel Wood, a well-known member of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Samuel Akerly, dis- tinguished for his zeal and labors in behalf of the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb. Here also the usual branches of education are taught, and the pupils are in- structed in the several useful arts of life. It is an ex- ceedingly useful object to visit, as is also the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The Institution is open to visitors on week days, from one to six p. m., and may be conven- iently reached by stages and cars that run on the Eighth Avenue. Odd Fellows' Hall. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 51 THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AND HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS Is located on Thirtieth street, between Fourth and Madi- son Avenues. It is under the direction of a society de- voted to the protection of deserted children, and adult persons who may be in distress. This association has largely contributed to the relief of the poor and desti- tute of the city, — in one year it relieved, and provided with places, over 600 young and old. The society pub- lishes a paper semi-monthly, entitled u The Advocate and Guardian " which has a circulation of about 15,000 copies ; it has also published over 10,000 tracts, &c. THE HOUSE AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY Has its rooms No. 120 West Sixteenth street. It was organized in 1850. THE SHELTERING ARMS, Tenth Avenue, corner West 129th street, is an institu- tion for the care and maintenance of orphan children, under the patronage of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It is delightfully situated, overlooking the Hudson River, and is a very praiseworthy institution. THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, In the Five Points, near Centre and Pearl streets. Mr. W. F. Barnard now has charge of the House of Indus- try. Placed in the very midst of squalid poverty and crime, this excellent charity has achieved great results in rescuing and reclaiming the youth of vicious parentage. This noble institution dates back only to 1848, yet thus far has its progress been incomparably the most successful of an}^ of the numerous noble chari- ties of New York. Persevering through numberless difficulties, its founder at length achieved a great success in his laudable endeavors. It has now from 100 to 200 inmates, rescued from the purlieus of vice 4* CITY OF NEW YOKE. and poverty ; hopefully engaged in this " House of In« dustry." Since its foundation, between 800 and 90C women have been sent out to places in the country. By an economical plan, the major part of the expenses of the establishment have been defrayed by the pro- ductive labor of the inmates. There are many other philanthropic societies in New York, which it is not necessary to detail, as they may be found briefly named in the City Directory. The more prominent are the following benevolent societies: ODD FELLOWS HALL. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number, in New Yopk city, about 90 lodges, and about 12 encamp- ments, including many thousand members ; many of the lodges have fine halls, in various parts of this city and the neighboring cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Jersey City, &c. ; but the grand rendezvous of the order, is the large brown-stone building at the corner of Grand and Centre streets, erected at a cost of $125,000. This imposing edifice presents a noble appearance, being sub- stantially built, lofty, and surmounted by a dome. It contains a series of highly ornamented lodge-rooms, richly furnished and in different styles of architecture : some Egyptian, Grecian, Elizabethan, &c. These ele- gant apartments are well worth a visit. The average receipts of the association which owns this edifice, is estimated at about $75,000. Their distribution in the form of benefactions to the sick and poor, is on a scale of corresponding liberality. THE MASONIC TEMPLE, At Sixth Avenue and Twent} r -third street, directly opposite Booth's Theatre, is the magnificent structure of the Masonic Fraternity of the State of New York. It is constructed of granite, is fire-proof, and complete in all its appointments ; it is beyond question the finest building devoted to Masonic purposes in this country. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 53 The style of architecture is of the Doric and Ionic orders, and presents a very unique appearance. The interior is very elegant, and furnishes accommodations for all the different Masonic bodies. The lower portion is rented for business purposes, from which quite a desirable revenue is derived. THE SAILORS SNUG HARBOR, An Asylum for aged and infirm seamen, is situated on the north side of Staten Island. It was founded by Capt. Randall in 1801, and incorporated in 1806 in New York ; the present noble building on Staten Island, measures 225 feet in length, with 160 acres of ground; about 300 aged and disabled seamen are here supported. Near the Quarantine grounds, are the Seamen's Retreat for the sick, and the Home for Sailor's Children, also the Marine Hospital, which is supported by an emigrant tax of $2 on every cabin passenger, native of a foreign country, and 50 cents for every steerage passenger. The fund from these sources, amounts to nearly $100,000 per annum. There is yet another benevolent marine society, styled The American Seamen's Friend Society, whose object is to bring good influences to bear upon this class, by preaching, and by opening boarding-houses, reading-rooms, savings banks, &c. 54 CITY OF NEW YORK. DEPARTMENT OF CHAEITIES AND CORRECTIONS Have erected on the corner of Eleventh street and Third Avenue a neat and substantial building, which they oc- cupy. This very important department was created by an act of the State Legislature, and is the most benevo- lent institution in the city. Almost hourly through the winter the rooms are crowded with applicants for relief, whose wants are amply and promptly attended to. A large and very efficient corps of assistants are employed to carry out the objects for which this institution was cre- ated. This department is under the management of a Board of Five Commissioners, who have entire control over all the public institutions of the city, including Ran- dall's, Ward's, and BlackwelPs Islands. Any person de- sirous of visiting any or all of these places, can obtain permits at this omce. . LITERARY & SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. . THE ASTOR LIBRARY, Situated on Lafayette Place, near Astor Place, is justly regarded as the library collection of the continent. Its literary treasures comprise some of the rarest and most valuable productions of art extant. Dr. Cogswell, the learned Librarian, has collected from all parts of the old world a vast accumulation of costly works in all de- partments of human knowledge ; including about 1000 bibliographical books, and numerous superbly illustrat- ed works of great rarity and value, on almost all sub- jects — science, history, biography, philology, &c, &c. It already contains over 100,000 volumes, and further additions" are constantly being made to this collection by the munificence of its founder, John Jacob Astor who endowed it with the sura of $400,000. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 55 This stately edifice, built of brick, ornamented with brown stone, is of the Romanesque style, and of great symmetrical beauty. Its interior, however, is much more imposing. The entrance to the Library Hall is by a flight of 38 marble steps leading to the second story. This splendid hall is richly decorated with 14 piers finished in imitation of Italian marble, and over these are galleries ranged on either side, inclosed with gilt iron railings. These upper galleries are reached by eight spiral stairways. The height of the Library is near 50 feet, and in the centre of the ceiling is a large skylight, measuring 54 feet by 14, and at each side smaller lights ; there are no other windows, these how- ever afford sufficient light for the building. In the east end are inclosures railed in, and the Librarian's rooms. In the lower, or first floor, are the Lecture room and Reading rooms. The floors are of mosaic work. A visit to this noble institution, with its rich and rare col- lection of sumptuous books, will become a necessity to all who have any love for literature and art. In the year 1857, William B. Astor, Esq., made a do- nation, to the Trustees, of the adjoining lot; upon which another structure, in all respects corresponding with the first, has just been erected. Thus the Astor Library has now doubled its proportions — forming the most imposing architectural edifice of its class in the United States. This new building was opened to the public in the Autumn of 1859 — immediately after the return of Dr. Cogswell from Europe with a further collection of literary spoils. THE COOPER UNION Is a noble building erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of New York, and is devoted to the u moral, intellectual, and physical improvement of his countrymen." The build- ing covers an entire block, having a front on Third Av- enue of 195 feet, on Fourth Avenue 155, on Eighth street 143, and on Seventh street 86. It is in the im- mediate vicinity of the new " Bible House," the 11 Astor 56 CITY OF NEW YORK. Library, 1 ' the " Mercantile Library," and the rooms of various literary and scientific societies. In the base- ment is a large lecture-room, 125 feet long by 85 wide and 21 high; and this, and also the first and second stories, which are arranged for stores and offices, are rented, so as to produce a revenue to meet the annual expenses of the u Institute." The "Institute" proper — or the " Union" — commences with the third story, in which is an " exhibition-room," 30 feet high and 125 by 82, lighted from above by a dome. The fourth story may be considered as a part of the third, being a con- tinuation of galleries with alcoves for painting and sculpture. In the fifth story are two large lecture- rooms ; and the library, consisting of five rooms, which connect with each other and with the lecture-rooms. There are also rooms for experiments, for instruments, and for the use of artists. The cost of the building is about $300,000, and the annual income from the rented parts is from $25,000 to $30,000. The whole is under the control of a Board of Directors for the benefit of the public; the course of lectures, the library, and the reading-rooms being all free. In the munificence both of the gift and the endowment, the " Cooper Institute" stands as a monument to its noble-hearted founder more enduring than the pyramids. The School of De- sign for women has rooms in this building. THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, In Twenty-third street, corner of Lexington Avenue, was established in 1848, by the Board of Education of the city of New York, in pursuance of an act passed May 7, 1847, for the purpose of providing higher educa- tion for such pupils of the Common Schools as may wish to avail themselves thereof. The college is under the general superintendence of the Board of Educa- tion; but it is specially under the supervision of an Executive Committee, for its care, government, and management, appointed by the Board. All its expenses LITER AKY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 57 for instruction, apparatus, library, cabinet collections, books, and stationery, are paid out of the public treasury. The cost of the ground was $37,810, the edifice, $75,000, and the interior furniture, apparatus, &c, $26,867. The building measures 125 feet by 80, and will accommodate 1000 pupils. The students are admitted in annual classes, and the full course of study embraces five years. The Board of Education is authorized by law to con- fer the usual collegiate degrees on the recommendation of the faculty. Graduates may become "Resident Graduates," and continue their studies at option. The Academical stud- ies during Term time, continue daily (except Saturday and Sunday) from a quarter before 9 o'clock a. m. to 3 o'clock P. M. MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Occupy the Clinton Hall building in Astor Place, Eighth street. This noble establishment comprises a fine li- brary, reading-room, and lecture-room, also cabinets of minerals, &e. Its literary collections numbering be- tween 90, and 100,000 volumes, in the several depart- ments of general knowledge, including also a valuable series of periodical works, unsurpassed by any other institution. The number of its members at the present time exceeds 4000. This institution, originally estab- lished for the use of clerks, has been since thrown open to the public on payment of the subscription, $5 per an- num. Clerks pay $1 initiation fee, and $2 subscription. THE NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY Is situated in University Place, near Twelfth street. This time-honored institution, founded in 1754, pos- sesses a fine collection of books in general literature, numbering about '38,000 volumes. Permanent mem- bers of this institution, by the payment of $25, and the annual fee of $6, become stockholders. Tem- porary members are admitted on the payment of $J.P 53 CITY OF NEW YORK. per annum. To all these literary establishments, visit- ors are admitted. THE LENOX LIBRARY, On Fifth Avenue, between Seventy and Seventy-first streets, contains one of the most valuable collections of books, paintings, and other works of art, that are to be found in the city ; the whole, including the very hand- some and massive building in which they are contained, being a gift to the city by its illustrious founder, Mr. James Lenox, who also endowed the Hospital bearing his name. The Library building, of the modern French style of architecture, is entirely fire-proof, being com- posed of stone and iron, and is especially adapted to hold its valuable treasures. Mr. Lenox also gave the sum of $300,000 for the maintenance of the Library. THE CITY LIBRARY Is in the City Hall, and is free to all persons. THE NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE Have a valuable library of law books at No. 41 Cham- bers street. Open daily. THE PRINTERS' FREE LIBRARY, Located at No. 3 Chambers street, has over 4,000 vol- umes. It is open every Saturday evening. THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Is a society of scientific men, formed for the study of natural history. Its rooms are at 64 Madison Avenue. It possesses a good library, and a large museum of minerals, plants, and specimens of natural history. It is accessible to the public. THE APPRENTICES' LIBRARY, containing about 16,000 volumes for the use of youth- ful apprentices, is in the Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broad- way, near Grand street. LITERAEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 59 THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Established upwards of half a century, have a noble edifice on the corner of Eleventh street and Second Avenue. It is an elegant fire-proof structure, built of yellow sandstone from the province of New Brunswick, and is splendidly fitted up. Its literary collections con- sist of rare and valuable books pertaining to the history and antiquities of the country; also medals, coins, maps, engravings, &c. The Library comprises about 20,000 volumes. There is a fine Picture-gallery in the uppermost story ; the Library Hall, Lecture-room, and various offices are characterized by great architectural beauty. Recently there have been added a fine collec- tion of Nineveh Marbles, presented by James Lenox, Esq., and Dr. Abbott's Egyptian Collection (obtained by liberal subscription), one of the most valuable mu- seums of Egyptian antiquities in the world. The meet- ings of the society are held on the first Tuesday of each month; there are also occasional Lectures given, in ad- dition to the regular series. Mr. George H. Moore is the Librarian, and the membership of the association numbers about 1,500, including the leading literary men of the country. AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Founded in 1842. The first President of this society was the late Albert Gallatin, formerly Secretary of the Treasury, &c, who held the office until his death in 1849. The object of the society is "the prosecution of in- quiries into the origin, progress, and characteristics of the various races of men." This society has collected a large amount of materials, and has published three volumes of Transactions. The meetings are held at the houses of members, on the second Tuesday in each month 60 CITY OF NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK JUVENILE ASYLUM, A fine stone edifice, situated near High Bridge, 19 a home and reformatory for neglected children. The asy- lum, by its charter, becomes the legal guardian of a!l such children as may be committed to it by the volun- tary act of their parents or by the precept of a police magistrate. The institution owes its origin to Dr. J. D. Russ of this city, so favorably known for his exertions in establishing the New York Institution for the Blind. The success of the institution has been largely promoted by A: R. Wetmore, Esq., who has been its president and financier almost from its organization. It occupies about 20 acres of ground, which is in part cultivated by the children, who, during their stay in the asylum, are instructed in all the branches of a common school edu- cation. As soon as their improvement will warrant their removal, they are sent to the Great West and in- dentured, where, in a few years, instead of being drawn into the vortex of crime as they almost inevitably would have been if left unprotected in our streets, they will many of them become our law-makers and occupy places of trust. The institution has a House of Reception for 200 children, at No. 71 West Thirteenth street. All children, w T hen first committed, must remain in this house ten days, to afford their parents an opportunity of reclaiming them. The two buildings can accommo- date about 700. Take Hudson River railroad # or Man- hattanville stages to Fort Washington or High Bridge. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. This society have their rooms on the corner of Fourth , Avenue and Twenty-third street. The Association has a reading-room, which is entirely distinct from the library and department for committee and other meet- ings. Devotional services are held on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Young men, strangers, and the public are cordially invited. New York University. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 61 THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, At Cooper Union, has also a select library of works, principally relating to the inventive and mechanic arts. Under the auspices of this association have been held the annual fairs for the purpose of exhibiting the pro- 1 gress of new inventions in science and art. THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY Of New York, hold their monthly meetings at 36 Cooper Union. Hon. Charles P. Daly is the President. THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Is located on the east side of Washington Square, and forms a noble architectural ornament, being of the English collegiate style of architecture. The Univer- sity was established in 1831, and has ever maintained its high reputation. It has a chancellor, and a corps of professors in the various departments of learning. There is also a grammar school connected with the institution; also a valuable library, philosophical ap- paratus, &c. The edifice is of marble, and measures about 200 feet in front by 100 in depth : it presents a very beautiful appearance as seen through the thick foliage of the park. The great central gothic window lights the chapel of the University; divine service is held here every Sunday at the usual hours. The prin- cipal entrance is by the centre door, up a flight of marble steps. In the upper parts of the building are several chambers and offices, occupied by various so- cieties, literary persons, and artists. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, Originally chartered by George II., in 1754, under the title of King's College, till within a short period, stood 5 62 CITY OF NEW YORK. in Park Place. The present edifice is on Forty-ninth, street, near the Fifth avenue. It has a president and twelve professors ; a choice library of rare classical works of about 18,000 volumes, museum, &c. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. New York city stands at the very head in all efforts to promote the interest of popular education. There are ninety-three grammar schools, mostly of three de- partments each — male, female, and primary, — and ninety* one primary schools, for boys and girls, besides six for colored pupils, making in all about two hundred schools at the present time. The buildings are of the most sub- stantial character ; are admirably arranged, and fitted with every modern improvement. The whole number taught during the year 1874 was 236,526, being an increase of nearly 12,000 on the pre- vious year. The number of teachers employed exceeds 2,500. The course of study is most thorough, and scholars entering the primary class pass through the various grades of that and the grammar department, and finally graduate at the College of the City of New York (for- merly the Free Academy) with full collegiate honors. The cost of maintaining this vast system was (for the year 1874) no less than three millions of dollars ; yet this great work is carried on, and this enormous expenditure borne, without any expense to the pupils — buildings, tuition, books, and whatever else is needed being sup- plied without cost to the scholars. The present value of the school property is estimated at tipw ards of $6,000,000. . In connection with the public schools, is the Normal College for young women, a grand cathedral-like build- ing in Sixty-ninth street, near Fourth Avenue. Those who have graduated at the Grammar Schools, and desire to become teachers, here undergo a thorough training, to prepare them for their duties. Bible House. THE BIBLE HOUSE. 63 THE BIBLE HOUSE, ' WTiich rs approached from Broadway through Astor Place, occupies three fourths of an acre of ground, Dounded by Third and Fourth Avenues, and Eighth and Nmth streets. The form of this gigantic edifice is nearly triangular. It has a front of J 98 feet on Fourth Avenue, 202 on Eighth street, 96 on Third Avenue, and 232 on Ninth street. Its average depth is about 50 feet. It is the property of the American Bible Soci- ety. This imposing-looking edifice, which is substanti- ally built of brick, with stone facings, cost nearly $300,000. The principal entrance, which is on the Fourth Avenue, has four columns, surmounted with cornice. In the fourth story is a stone figure repre- senting Keligion holding a Bible. The receipts of the Society, at the first year of its organization in 1816-17, were $37,779.35 ; its receipts Since then amount to about $5,000,000. It has put in circulation about nine millions of Bibles and Testa- ments ; and given some $500,000 to various Missionary Stations to aid in the publications of the Holy Scrip- tures. It has supplied thousands of seamen and crimi- nals with copies; as well as distributed hundreds of thousands to private families, hotels, &c, in every part of the United States. It has produced editions of the Bible, or portions of it, in about 24 difierent dialects, and aided in issuing it in others. In this spacious building the following Societies have their Rooms, viz j the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions, the American Home Missionary Society, the New York Colonization Soci- ety, Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews, the House of Refuge, Children's Aid Society, Home of the Friendless. Nearly 600 persons are employed in the Bible Hoase when in full operation. 64 CITY OF NEW YORK. COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER. This institution, situated on Fifteenth >treet, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, was founded in 1850, and in- corporated as a University in 18G*. With its Grammar School it contains about four hundred pupils. The library contains about 15,000 volumes. The Rev. Jo- seph Loyzance is president. MANHATTAN COLLEGE. This newly incorporated University is situated at Manhattanville. THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS. THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Is situated ISTo. 9 University Place, between Waverley Place and Eighth street. The principal edifice com- prises four large lecture rooms, a chapel, . library of 16,000 volumes, and studies, also other rooms for stu- dents. It has 6 professors, and usually about 100 stu- dents. It was founded in 1836. THE GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Of the Episcopal Church is situated in Twentieth street, corner of Ninth Avenue, near the Hudson, two miles from the City Hall. There are two handsome buildings of stone, for the accommodation of professors and stu- dents. The Board of Trustees consists of all the bish- ops, and one trustee from each diocese in the United States. The institution is well endowed and in a flour- ishing condition. PICTUEE GALLEKIES, &c. THE ARTISTS' STUDIO BUILDING Is a fine brick edifice in Tenth street, near the Sixth Avenue, and occupied by artists, &c. PICTURE GALLERIES) ETC. 65 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. The new building for the National Academy of De- sign is one of the most remarkable structures in the city. Principally so, because it is the most prominent example thus far set before the public, of the effort now being made to revive the Gothic Architecture of the Thir- teenth Century in its true spirit, and adapt it to our own circumstances, materials, and necessities. The public have, unfortunately, been led to call it Venetian Gothic ; and, from its similarity in proportion, and the fact that the upper story is decorated with diagonal lines of color introduced into the wall itself, and has no windows, that it is a copy of the famous Ducal Palace. But a careful examination, in comparison with a good photograph of that building, will dispel the delusion. . The carvings on the capitals of the first and second stories are well worthy of careful examination, and are more particularly remarkable from the "fact that they are almost entirely designed by the men who carved them, and are the result of careful study from natural leaves and flowers. The work of the architect, in con- nection with this decorative work, consisted principally of instructions given to the workmen in the art of de- sign applied to their own work. The fronts of the building are built of white West- chester county marble, banded with grey-wacke. The ornamental iron work of the exterior is worthy of care- ful attention, being entirely wrought out on the anvil. The main entrance-gates are wonderful for their light- ness, careful finish, and strength, being the most elabo- rate piece of architectural wrought-iron in this country. The building is finished throughout with white pine, ash, mahogany, oak, and black walnut, — no paint being used, but all the woods showing their natural grain. The grand staircase approaching the galleries is of solid oak, trimmed with walnut, finished in wood on the under as well as upper sides. The interior accommodations consist as follows : On GO CITY OF NEW YOliK. the first floor are the janitor's apartments and the schools, with their appropriate dressing rooms. On the second story are the reading-room, libraries, council- room, and lecture room, together with necessary re- tiring rooms and an office for business. On the third story are the grand central hall, four picture galleries, and the sculpture-room. This edifice has been erected at a cost of about $150,000, under the superintendence of the architect, P. B. Wright, Esq., of this city. The annual exhibitions of the Academy are held during the months of April, May, June, and July, during which the building is open to the public for a small admission fee. The works of living artists only are exhibited, and no pictures are accepted that have been previously exhibited in New York. The exhibition of the Artists' Fund Society is gener- ally held in the galleries of the Academy, and takes place in November and December, annually. It is a noble charity, devoted to the relief of sick and poor artists. METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART Is at 128 West 14th street, and contains a rare and splendid collection of curiosities, paintings, and statuary. THE NEW YOKE PEESS. There are about thirty daily papers published in New York, with an aggregate circulation of 400,000 copies. About two thirds of this number are distributed in the city, the balance are sent by mail to various parts of the country. Most of the offices are accessible to public in- spection during the hours of 2 to 4 o'clock. THE TIMES OFFICE Is situated at the end of Park Row, facing Chatham street. It is an attractive architectural ornament to this active centre of the printing business. In the 5* Evening Post Building, broadway & fulton street, OITT OF NEW YORK". 6? vicinity are the N. Y. Tribune office, the Tract Society, the Sunday Times, the Sunday Courier, the Mercury, and other papers. On the Nassau side of the Times building are the Observer, Scientific American, the Century, the United States Journal, &c. On this ac- count this site has been recently styled u Printing House Square." The New York Times building, erected during the panic year, and first occupied on the first day of May, 1858, is a noble structure, constructed of stone azid iron, and perfectly fireproof ; five stories in height ; the walls a light olive-colored stone, brought from Nova Scotia. Complete in all its appointments, this building deserves especial mention, if for no other reason than that it is the only newspaper office in the United States which combines within itself the requisites of thorough fitness and the elegance of refined taste. Our readers, we are assured, will be interested in a description of the parts of this establishment. The site is that which was for many years occupied by the Old Brick Church (the Rev. Dr. Spring's), an ancient place of worship, erected at the period when green fields adorned the space now densely crowded with great warehouses, stores, and banks; when honest old Knickerbockers held the site of the Park to be a journey out of town ; and where the bones of early residents of the city were solemnly laid in earth that is now undermined by lighted vaults and rendered vocal by the ceaseless clash of ponderous machinery. Thus much for the exterior. We descend into the spacious vaults which run down and out towards the centre of the square. The peculiar fitness of the loca- tion for the purposes of a newspaper establishment is here displayed in perfection. No daily paper of circu- lation so large as that of the Times (40,000) can dis- pense with the use of Hoe's lightning press. That magnificent piece of machinery is necessarily bulky, and requires ample space. The press-room vaults of the Time** are of extraordinary dimensions, extending 68 THE NEW YORK PRESS. around the three fronts of the building, and having the following measurements : On Spruce street, one hundred by twenty-six feet ; on Park row, one hun- dred by twenty feet ; on Nassau street, ninety-five by fifteen feet, with a uniform depth of twenty-four feet below the curb. These vaults are far the finest ever constructed in New York. The new building of the ''Evening Post/' a representa- tion of which is given on the opposite page, is on the corner of Broadway and Fulton street. It has a front- age on Broadway more than sixty -two feet, and ex- tends one hundred and three feet on Fulton street. Its height above the sidewalk is one hundred and twenty- five feet, and the cupola adds fifteen feet more to its altitude. The Press-room and connections occupy the entire sub basement, which extends seventeen feet under Broadway and twelve feet under P'ulton street. The Publication Offices are on the first floor, and the Editorial and Composing-rooms are on the ninth floor. The latter affords ample room and facilities for seventy- five compositors. The building is well worthy of in- spection, and is remarkable in architecture from the skill displayed in avoiding a monotony of appearance. "The Evening Post" was established in 1801 ; and its career — and that of its editor, Wm. Cullen Bryant, the puet and author — has proven that in no sphere can brighter or more enduring laurels be won than in that of Journalism. The New York Herald Office is located on the south- * east corner of Broadway and Ann street (opposite St. Paul's Church) — a massive building of white marble, and the most elegant newspaper office in the world. The Sun Office is on Park Row, corner of Frankfort street, on the site of the old Tammany Hall. The office of the New York World is on the northeast corner of Park Row and Beekman street, and directly opposite is the office of the Evening Mail. The vaults of the above papers are of gigantic pro- portions, and well worthy of a visit. 'Tribune Building,*' Printing House £q. THE NEW YORK PRESS. 69 THE TRIBUNE BUILDING, Situated corner of Nassau and Spruce streets, popu- larly known as Printing-House Square, is the crowning edifice of all the great Newspaper Offices of this city. The building is of gigantic proportions, consisting of a sub-cellar, basement, nine stories, an attic, the whole surmounted with an immense tower and spire. From the beginning of the foundation to the point of the spire is a distance of 285 feet ; from the cellar to the top of the roof is 171 feet ; the stone dormer windows at the top of the tower are 200 feet above the sidewalk. It is the highest building on Manhattan Island, with one exception, that of Trinity Church, and is in many respects the most remarkable edifice in this city. It is composed of brick, trimmed with light-colored granite, and is entirely fire-proof. It was designed by Mr. Richard M. Hunt, who certainly has greatly added to his fame by this splendid architectural work. To give an idea of its dimensions, it may be stated that the structure has a frontage on Printing-House Square of 92 feet, and on Spruce street, of 52 feet ; to this is to be added an extension to Frankfort street, which, when completed, will give a depth of about 170 feet. The printing-presses are of the latest construction, a single one of which wilj deliver nearly 18,000 complete papers in an hour. The interior is elegantly finished, and in connection with its exterior, presents a striking con- trast to the old home of the Tribune. It is the great- est and most thoroughly equipped newspaper office in this country, and probably in the world ; and is an im- perishable monument to the fame of its illustrious and lamented founder, the late Horace Greeley. THE N. Y. STAAT'S ZEITUNG (German) has also elegant quarters ; the building is con- structed of granite, and covers the block extending from Centre to Chatham streets, on Tryon Row. 70 CITY OF NEW YORK PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. WALLACE'S THEATRE Is situated on the comer of Broadway and 13th street This popular and well-conducted theatre is much re- sorted to by the patrons of the drama. Great pains are taken to provide for the public entertainment, and the result is in most instances successfully attained. NIBLO'S GARDEN Is another favorite resort, and is situated on Broadway, between Prince and Houston streets, with the entrance under the Metropolitan Hotel. It is elegantly fitted up. and capable of seating two thousand persons, and is gen- erally well filled with a fashionable audience. THE OLYMPIC THEATRE, At 622 Broadway, between Houston and Bleecker streets, is another fashionable resort ; as is also BOOTH'S THEATRE. This beautiful theatre is situated on the corner of Twenty-third street and Sixth Avenue, entrance on Twenty-third street. Fifth Avenue, corner Fifteenth Street. CITY OF NEW YORK. 71 FIFTH AVENUE THEATRE, In West 28tli street, a few doors from Broadway, has a stock company second to none in the city, and is a very handsome and cosy place of resort. UNION SQUARE THEATRE, On Fourteenth street, between Broadway and Fourth Avenue, is also an elegant and fashionable place of amusement, and has an admirable stock company. THE PARK THEATRE, Broadway, between Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets, is an excellent and well patronized theatre. ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Corner of Fourteenth street and Irving Place, is a very commodious and substantial building, well adapted for the production of Operas, for which it is famous. BARNUM'S ROMAN HIPPODROME, Madison and Fourth Avenues, from 26th to 27th streets, occupies a whole square, almost rivalling in proportions the celebrated Amphitheatres of Ancient Rome. A day can be very pleasantly spent here, viewing its well known attractions. WOOD'S MUSEUM, Broadway near 80th street, presents many notable and interesting features, and is well worthy of a visit. THE COLOSSEUM, Broadway and 35th street, furnishes novel and curious entertainments, and sbould be seen to be appreciated. 72 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. THE BOWEBY THEA TRE, Situated in the Bowery, near Canal street, occupies the site upon which three theatres have been succes- sively burnt and rebuilt. The present edifice is of the Doric order of architecture. This place of entertain- ment is usually celebrated for spectacle and the broader kind of humor. THE GRAND OPERA HOUSE, On the northwest corner of Twenty-third street and Eighth Avenue, an elegant white marble building, admi- rably suited for the purpose for which it was built. LYCEUM THEATRE, On West Fourteenth street, a few doors from Sixth Avenue, is one of the handsomest theatres in the city. THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM Is located in the ISTew York Historical Society Building. It contains several hundred relics, collected with great care and industry by the learned Dr. Abbott, during a residence of twenty years on the banks of the Nile. Here are to be seen mummied men and quadrupeds, the slates of the school-boys in Pharaoh's time, and the re- mains of the lamps that were used to lighten the dark- ness of Egypt. Many of the objects here are three thousand years old, THE NEW YORK STADT THEATRE, In the Bowery, nearly opposite the Bowery Theatre, is a German Opera House, and has a well -selected company. CLUBS OF NEW YOEK. ARCADIAN CLUB Has very pleasant rooms at 52 Union Place. THE BLOSSOM CLUB Have their rooms at 129 Fifth Avenue. AMERICAN JOCKEY CLUB Headquarters are at Madison Avenue, corner East 27th Btreet. THE UNION CLUB, On corner of Fifth Avenue and 21st street, is one of the most splendid structures in the city. It measures about 50 feet by 100, is built in superb style of brown stone, and cost about $300,000. LOTUS CLUB Is pleasantly located at 2 Irving Place, and gives fre- quent receptions. Its members are mainly Litterateurs, Actors, and Journalists. THE (fENTURY CLUB Have their rooms at 109 East 15th street. THE TRAVELLER'S CLUB Is situated at 124 Fifth Avenue, between 17th and 18th streets. THE MANHATTAN CLUB Is situated at 96 Fifth Avenue, southwest corner of 15th street. THE UNION LEAGUE CLUB Is situated on the corner of Madison Avenue and 26th street. HOTELS. New York is justly distinguished for the number and magnificence of its hotels. On the line of Broadway there are upwards of 25 of these stately and capacious buildings. In other parts of the city they no less abound, although less costly in their appointments. It will be necessary to detail the more important of these hotels separately. Several of the hotels are conducted upon the Euro- pean plan — the guests hiring their rooms with or with- out board. GILSEY HOUSE, New and elegant in all its fittings, is situated corner of Twenty-ninth street and Broadway. THE WESTMINSTER HOTEL Is situated on the northwest corner of Irving place and Sixteenth street, and is well arranged for families and transient visitors. THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Situated on Broadway, corner of Prince street, is built of brown stone, and is six stories in height. The cost of this building and ground was upwards of $800,000. It is furnished throughout in the most splendid and CITY OF NEW YORK. 7"> costly style, having all the accommodations and con- veniences that the most luxurious taste could devise. The entire establishment is heated by steam, and has a ventilating process. The cost of the interior decora- tions and furniture has been estimated at about $200,000 ; making the whole investment in this superb establish- ment, one million of dollars. It is stated that the water and gas pipes, which are carried throughout all the apartments of this mammoth hotel, measure *2 miles ; and there are 13,000 yards of carpeting spread over its 400 or 500 rooms, which, with the superb drapery, cost $40,000; the furniture, $50,000; the mirrors (including some of the largest ever imported), $18,000; the silver- ware, $14,000 — not to mention other items. THE ST. NICHOLAS, Occupying about 300 feet on Broadway, corner of Spring st., stands a monument of architectural beauty, of the Corinthian order and of marble. The immense facade, six stories high, is of surpassing elegance. It was erected in 1854, at a cost of over a million of dol- lars. Within the portico of the main entrance, support- ed by four Corinthian pillars with rich capitals, the spectator looks down a columned vista two hundred feet in length and averaging sixty feet in width. The upper part of the house, reached by a massive staircase of polished oak, is divided into three sections commu- nicating by corridors, and contains six hundred rooms. On the second and third floors are one hundred suites of apartments. The three largest dining-rooms com- fortably accommodate six hundred guests. The pub- lic rooms and chambers are decorated and furnished in the. most sumptuous style, while the immense corri- dors are carpeted entire with the richest tapestry fab- rics, rendering the step inaudible, and lighted by mag- nificent chandeliers and candelabras placed at short in- tervals throughout their whole extent. The fourth, fifth, and sixth floors are devoted to private parlors, nhambers, and single rooms. The original disburse- 7(5 1J0TB1H. ment for mirrors amounted to $40,000, and the service of silver ware and Sheffield plate cost $50,000. What- ever ornament wealth could purchase or skill produce has been lavished upon this palatial structure, in which one thousand guests may enjoy all of the comforts and luxuries of life. From the telegraph office in the bar-room, messages may be transmitted to almost any part of the Union. More than three hundred waiters are in attendance. The hotel is lighted by gas. The daily expenses of the St. Nicholas are $1,500. As a security against fire the entire establishment can be deluged with water in five minutes. ST. CLOUD HOTEL Occupies the corner of Forty-Second Street and Broad- way. The hotel is so named after the celebrated summer palace of the French Emperor. It is built of face brick, trimmed with sandstone, after the French method. The spacious and highly ornamented entrance hall is one of the finest in the country. The St. Cloud is a building of two hundred and fifty rooms, capable of accommodating four hundred guests with every comfort. The hotel has all the modern im- provements, including a steam elevator, &c. The loca- tion of this hotel is unsurpassed, being within three blocks of the Grand Central Depot, and having unsur- passed facilities for families or transient guests. The entire building has been recently renovated, new and elegant carpets and furniture added, and all appoint- ments made in keeping with the establishment, which is first class. COLEMAN HOUSE, West side of Broadway, occupying the block between 27th and 28th Streets, is admirably conducted, on the European system, by Mr. Jas. A. Jewell. Its location is alike fashionable, central and convenient. It is largely patronized by the best New York families ; is a favorite resort for Southern people ; and is well and favorably known to the traveling public generally. CITY OF NEW YORK. 77 STURTEVANT HOUSE, Situated on the south-east corner of Broadway and Twenty-ninth Street, is most conveniently situated on the line of up-town business, and near the most fash- ionable places of amusement. It, occupies the block between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Streets, running back 185 feet on the latter street, and is six stories in height. Every room has gas, water, and an electric bell in it, and a splendid elevator conveys guests to the various floors. It is kept on the American plan by Messrs. Lewis and George S. Leland, veterans in the business, and is but one of many splendid hotels throughout the country controlled by " The Lelands," whose name everywhere is the synonym of good living. GRAMERCY PARK HOUSE, Is another first-class edifice, of colossal proportions, between 20th and 21st streets, facing the delightful shrubbery of a beautiful inclosure called Gramercy Park, from whence the house derives its name. This is one of the largest hotels in the city, built of substan- tial brown stone, and in one of the most aristocratic localities of Gotham. In its internal arrangements it is unsurpassed, and contains spacious accommodations for * six to eight hundred guests. Those who may be so fortunate as to select this hotel during their residence in the city, will find its kind and courteous proprietors, Messrs. Judson & Ely, ever ready to contribute to their comfort and enjoyment. HOFFMAN HOUSE, Is another elegant establishment on the corner of Broadway and 25th street, and opposite Madison Square. This hotel is one of the most beautiful in the city, and none who visit New York should fail to see it. It is built of white marble, and conducted on the European plan. It has a capacity for about 350 guests, with superior accommodations, and is extensively patronized by the "Upper Ten." Its situation is in a 78 HOTELB. delightful part of the city, and is a central location for all of the Eastern and Northern railroads, and forms a most eligible and convenient stopping-place for travel- lers, while the cool and delightful square opposite forms an attractive feature to all. THE GRAND HOTEL, Corner of Broadway and 31st street. By a glance at the city map, it will be seen that the central locality of this large and pleasant hotel secures ready communica- tion, by railroad and stage, with all the most desirable parts of the city — from the Battery to Central Park. This entire establishment has lately been thoroughly renovated throughout, and furnished with accommoda- tions that cannot fail of giving satisfaction to the most fastidious. THE BELVIDERE HOUSE, Occupies the northwest corner of Irving Place and Fif- teenth street, opposite the Academy of Music and Irving Hall. The hotel has been rebuilt upon the most im- proved European plan, and contains, on a large scale, all those conveniences for the comfort of families and the travelling public, for which the Belvidere House has been famous for a number of years-. The Eestaurant is always supplied with delicacies of every season. UNION SQUARE HOTEL, Corner 15th street and Union Square, A. J. Dam, pro- prietor. The location of this house is one of the most pleasant in the city. Fine suites of rooms, handsomely furnished, for the accommodation of transient as well as permanent boarders. This house is kept on the old plan of the regular table d? hote. and connected with it is a first- class restaurant. THE WINDSOR HOTEL Is probably the most luxurious of all the New York hotels. It occupies the block on Fifth Avenue, extend- ing from 46th to 47th streets, and is within a short dis- tance of Central Park. It is built of pressed brick, with dark stone trimmings, presents a very handsome appearance, and is furnished throughout in the most elaborate manner. OITY OF NEW YORK. 79 ST. DENIS HOTEL. Opposite Grace Church, and only three blocks below Union Square and the Academy of Music, is the St. Denis Hotel. It is architecturally one of the hand- somest buildings on Broadway, occupying seventy-six feet on that thoroughfare, and one hundred and twenty on Eleventh street. Besides parlors, reception-rooms, and reading-rooms, the St. Denis contains over one hundred and fifty well lighted and ventilated apartments. The hotel is kept on the European plan. The restaurant is, without exception, the finest in the city, and is under the charge of Mr. William Taylor, late of 555 Broadway, where he was favorably known, and Mr. Gibson, of hotel celebrity. THE EVERETT HOUSE, Located on the north side of Union Square and Seven- teenth street, from its position is, like the Clarendon, a convenient and delightful place for visitors, being not only in the fashionable part of the city, but also con tiguous to the cars, stages, &c. GRAND CENTRAL HOTEL. In Broadway, facing Bond street, is a magnificent structure, with a frontage of 150 feet and depth of 200 feet, eight stories high, and built of marble. It was formerly the u Southern Hotel/' but has been greatly enlarged and improved, having six hundred rooms, cap- able of accommodating fifteen hundred people. THE NEW YORK HOTEL, Broadway, extending from Washington to Waverley Place, is another large and fashionable house, and ad- mirable in all its departments. THE BREVOORT HOUSE, On the Fifth Avenue, corner of Eighth street, is a no- 80 HOTELS. ble and spacious Hotel, fitted up in elegant style, and being on the great avenue of fashion, commands a fine view of the beau monde. THE FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL, Darling, Griswold & Co., proprietors, is an object of special note. In addition to its beautiful site — being opposite to the shrubbery of Madison Square — it stretches its fagades of white marble down Twenty- third and Twenty-fourth streets, both equally known as among the most aristocratic of our thoroughfares. In its internal arrangements, it is unsurpassed — fur- nishing entire accommodation for eight hundred guests, and containing more than one hundred suites of apartments, each combining the conveniences and luxury of parlor, chamber, dressing, and bathing rooms. All the rooms, besides being well lighted and ventilated, will have means of access by a perpendicu- lar railway — intersecting each story — in addition to the broad and capacious corridors and stairways, indepen- dent of the ordinarv and usual approaches from floor to floor. As to location, this hotel is much nearer the termini of the Eastern and Northern Railroads than others fur- ther down town, and from the evidence of the march of improvement, it must continue to be the centre of civilization for many years to come. It will be the most eligible for Southerners, not only as a transient stopping-place en route, but as a delightful home during those periods devoted to summer recreation. THE ALBEMARLE, Another very elegant hotel, is situated at the corner o Broadway and 24th street. CITY OF NKW YORK. 81 THE CHURCHES OF NEW YORK. It is estimated that there are about 300 churches in New York; many of them being of great elegance. We annex brief notices of the more prominent and noteworthy. TRINITY CHURCH. Fronting Wall street, with its portals invitingly open every day in the year, stands Trinity Church, a beauti- ful temple of worship, in strange contiguity with the busy marts where u merchants most do congregate." It is the third edifice of the kind erected upon the spot, the first having been destroyed in the great fire ot 1776. This fine gothic structure was completed in 184G, having been seven years in building, under the careful superintendence of Mr. Upjohn, the architect. The church is 192 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and 60 in height. The interior will richly repay examination. Among many relics there carefully preserved, is an elaborate chancel service of silver, presented to the corporation by Queen Anne. The steeple towers up 284 feet in height; the walls of the church are nearly 50 feet high, and the whole edifice, both as to its exterior and interior, is regard- ed by most persons as the most elegant and cathedral- like of the churches of the city. Do not forget to as- cend the steeple to get a panoramic view of the city. The grave-yard of Old Trinity occupies nearly an entire block. Within it are the venerated tombs of Alexander Hamilton,' the statesman and friend of Washington ; the heroic commander Lawrence, and many other illustrious public men. 82 CHURCHES. Adjoining Trinity buildings, and a lew feet from Broadway, stands the monumental tribute of the Cor- poration of Trinity Church to the honored " Sugar House Martyrs." Of finely cut and ornamented brown stone, it presents a graceful appearance, while it at- tracts the especial interest of every American patriot from the fact, that the ground immediately under and around it, is rich with the ashes of our Kevolutionary fathers. ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, The third Episcopal church established in the city, was erected in 1766. It stands between Fulton and Vesey streets, opposite the N. Y. Herald. The length ol the edifice is 151 feet, and the width 73 feet. The steeple is 203 feet high. On the front, in a niche of red sandstone, in the centre of a large pediment supported by four Ionic columns, is a white marble statue of St. Paul, leaning on a sword. Also in the front part of the niche there is inserted a slab of white marble, bearing an inscription to the memory of General Montgomery, who fell at Quebec during the Revolution, and whose remains were removed to New York by order of the State in 1818. At the lower side of the church, facing Broadway, is an obelisk of white marble, erected in honor of Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irish patriot and barrister, who died here in 1827. The inscriptions are in Latin, Irish, and English. ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL (Episcopal). This is one of the associate churches of the Trinity Corporation. It is located opposite the Hudson River R. R. Freight Depot. It is not modern in style, but yet a very noble looking edifice. It is built of sandstone, and is very spacious, measur- ing 132 feet by 80. It has a deep portico in front, formed by a pediment and four massive columns. CITT OF Nff* YORK. 83 In all the ancient ch arches of New York city, the plan of a collegiate charge was the rule. The ancient Episcopal church of the, city was established on this basis. Trinity church was considered the parish church, and had a collegiate charge ; St. George's, St. John's, and St. Paul's were called w Chapels." St. George's is now a distinct charge, but the other two are still collegiate. ST. MARK'S CHURCH (Episcopal), situate in Stuyvesant street, to the east of the Bowery, was built in its present form in 1826. The steeple is lofty, but somewhat venerable in appearance, which is indeed the character of the en- tire structure. The church is venerable also on account of its historic associations ; it stands on what was the estate of Petrus Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch governors, and his remains rest in a vault under the church, over which, on the east side, is a tablet indi- cating the fact. Here also repose the mortal remains of the English governor, Col. Sloughter, and those of the American governor, Tompkins. The Rev. J. EL Rylance is the present minister. ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH (Episcopal). This spacious and elegant structure, the most capacious ecclesiastical edifice in the city, is situated in East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant Square. It was erected in 1849, and for architectural beauty is entitled to the first rank among the religious edifices of New York. Its imposing exterior, and vast interior, unsupported by any visible columns, either to roof or gallery, impart to it a fine effect. Its architecture is of the Byzantine order; its length 170 feet by 94 in width. Its entire cost $250,000. The adjoining rec- tory cost $20,000, and the chapel $10,000. the ground 84 COT7ROHE8. upon which the church stands was given by the late Peter G. Stuyvesant. The Rev. Dr. Tyng is Rector. The interior of this splendid church was entirely de- stroyed by fire, supposed to be the work of an incen- diary, during the latter part of 1865, entailing a very heavy loss on the society, as it was but partially insured. The fine towers of red sandstone were, however, left intact and uninjured, as were also the massive walls of the building. The interior was accordingly rebuilt, and the edifice now surpasses, in its internal appointments, even its former elegance. TRINITY CHAPEL (Episcopal), situated on Twenty-fifth street, near Broad way, and extending from Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth street, is a spacious and elegant edifice, erected by the Trinity Church Corporation, and cost $260,000. The length of the building is 180 feet; width, 54 feet. The inside walls are of Caen stone; the windows are ot richly stained glass, and the ceiling painted blue, with gilt ornaments. The floors are tiled ; and the seats are movable benches, as in the cathedrals of the Continent. GBACE CHURCH (Episcopal). This superb edifice, the most, ornate of the ecclesiastical buildings of New York, is located in Broadway, near Tenth street, and commands a fine view of the great avenue of the city, north and south. The lofty spiral and richly decorated steeple is an object of universal admiration. There is one large and two less sized doors in front. Over the main entrance is a circular window of stained glass, and two tall, oblong windows in each side of the upper section of the tower. Within is a grand array of pillars, carved work, and upwards of forty windows of stained glass, each giving different hues of vision. There is a little too much of theatrical glitter in the interior, to comport with the chastened solemnities of religious worship. It was First Presbyterian Church, 5th Avenue. CITY OF NEW YORK. 85 built in 1845. Mr. Renwick was the aichitect. The cost of the building was $145,000. The Rev. Dr. Pot- ter is the present rector. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was erected in 1841. It measures 99 by 75 feet, and 70 in height, is of the Gothic order, built of rough stone, with the lintels, cornices, and battlements of brown sandstone. It was constructed during the pastorate of the late Dr. Spencer H. Cone. CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY (Episcopal), corner of Madison Avenue and 42d street, was erected in 1874. It is constructed of imported brick of various colors in mosaic decoration, and of sandstone of three different tints, comprising the New Brunswick, the Ohio, and the Oswego stones. A tower with two belfries — the upper one open for the chimes — stands on the southeastern end of the front. This tower is 34 feet wide and 30 feet deep, and measures 190 feet to the steeple. , The style is the Continental Gothic of the thirteenth century, yet the whole design is treated with such freedom, and the masses are so distributed as to make the construction exceedingly original. Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, Jr., is the Rector. THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, Situate on the east side of Washington Square, was erected in 1840, of rough granite. It is in the Gothic style, with a large centre window, and two towers. Its interior is very finished and effective, especially the ornamental carved work of the organ, pulpit, &c. The entire cost of the edifice was $125,000. The Rev. Dr. Button has long been the minister. ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL (Roman Catholic), on the corner of Prince and Mott streets, was erected in 1815. This building, although 80 CHUROnES. not of much architectural beauty, is very spacious, it being nearly 160 feet in length by 80 in width. The rear of the church is ornamented with Gothic windows. The interior presents an imposing effect, the ceiling be- ing very lofty, from which spring large pillars, on which are lamps pendant. It will accommodate 2000 persons. CHURCH OF THE HOLY REDEEMER, A new German Catholic Church, on Third street, near Avenue A, is a very costly and elegant structure. The spire is 265 feet high, and the edifice is of the Byzan- tine order. It is a most ornamental church, as to its interior, having richly stained windows, broad aisles, marble columns, lofty roof, richly decorated, and a mag- nificent altar, with confessionals, &c. It is estimated at over $100,000. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On the Fifth Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, is a fine stone building, measuring 119 feet by 80; the height of the tower being 160 feet. It cost $75,000. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, Corner of Thirty-fourth street and Sixth Avenue, is a new and beautiful edifice, very spacious and imposing in its aspect. Its style is Gothic, and the interior deco- rations are in excellent keeping. The organ-screen and pulpit present exquisite specimens of carved work. The Rev. W. M. Taylor is the minister. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On Madison Avenue, facing the Square, is another brown stone church, exceedingly neat in style. Rev. W. J. Tucker is the minister. CITY OF NEW YORK. 87 THE BRICK CHURCH (Presbyterian), situate on the corner of Thirty-seventh street and Fifth Avenue, is a spacious brick edifice, with lofty spire. Rev. J; O. Murray is the minister. ST. PAUL'S M. E. CHURCH, On Fourth Avenue, corner of Twenty-second street, is a new magnificent edifice, built of marble, in the Ro- manesque style. Its entire length is 146 feet, by 77, the height of the spire is 210 feet. The cost of the church, parsonage, &c, is estimated at $130,000. CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH (Unitarian), of which the Rev. William R. Alger is minister, is situated on the corner of 34th street and Park Avenue. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH On the junction of Tenth street and University Place, is a neat stone edifice, measuring 116 feet by 65, exclu- sive of a lecture-room in the rear, 72 feet by 25. There is a fine Gothic window over the principal entrance. The tower is 184 feet in height. The cost of this church was $56,000. Rev. R. R. Booth is the minister. THE FOURTH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. This is the Rev. Dr. Chapin's. Situated on the coruer of Fifth Avenue and Forty-fifth street. The main build- ing is 80 feet by 100. Gothic style. It has a frontage, including the towers, of 95 feet, and the towers are 185 feet high. The height of the main building is 90 feet. The basement for Sunday-school, lecture-room, etc., ex- tends over the entire church, and is 11 feet in height. The entire cost of the church and ground is estimated at $170,000. 88 CHURCHES. CHURCH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION (Episcopal), on the corner of Twentieth street and Sixth Avenue, is a singular-looking building of brown stone, in the form of a cross. Its extreme length is 104 feet, by 66 in width. The turret on the south corner is 70 feet in height. The interior is novel and imposing, although divested of ornament. It is, strictly speak- ing, the only free Episcopal Church of its class, in the upper part of the city. Strangers can enter the church with perfect freedom, and seat themselves in any part of it. There is a great want of other accommodations of this class. Will not some one of our wealthy citi- zens (while living we should prefer) endow another truly Free Episcopal Church like this? It would be an enduring monument of Christian liberality to such a spirit. Rev. Dr. Lawrence is the rector. FIFTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Is situated corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifty-fifth street, and in point of beauty and grandeur is unsur- passed by any church edifice in this city. It is con- structed of New Jersey stone, has four immense towers, the principal one of which, with its spire, rises to a height of 300 feet, and is the highest in the coun- try. The style of the exterior is early English, the interior having a more modern appearance. The audi- torium affords a seating accommodation for 2,000 peo- ple, and its acoustic properties are said to be the most perfect. Particular attention w T as also given to its proper ventilation ; one of the towers, being hollow from top to bottom, forms an air-shaft down which the air is drawn by a fan in the cellar, worked by a steam-engine of nominally two-horse power. The pews, gallery fronts, and all the interior wood-work is made of polished ash. Rev. Dr. John Hall is the min- ister. CITY OF HEW YORK. 89 JEWISH TEMPLE, Corner Fifth avenue and Forty-third street CALVARY CHURCH (Episcopal), on the corner of Fourth Avenue and 21st street, was erected in 1847, at the cost of $80,000. It presents a picturesque appearance, being built of brown stone. The interior is very spacious and cathedral-like. Adjoining the church is the rectory, also in the Gothic style. THE NEW ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, On the Fifth Avenue and 50th street, now in process of erection, will, when finished, become the crowning architectural ornament of the city. CHURCH OF ALL SOULS (Unitarian), corner of Fourth Avenue and 20th street, is an eccentric and remarkable edifice, being built in the style of the Italian churches of the middle ages, of brick and delicate cream-colored stone in alternate courses. Adjoining the church, on 20th street, is the parsonage. Included in the design is to be a spire, or campanile, 300 feet high. The Eev. Dr. Bellows is the minister. THE TABERNACLE CHURCH (Baptist), in Second Avenue, near 10th street, adjoin- ing the Historical Society's building, is another Gothio edifice of much beauty and architectural attraction. 90 NOTABLE STORES, ETC. NOTABLE STOKES, ETC. The stores of New York, being celebrated alike for the beauty of their architecture and variety of their stock, claim our special notice. Starting from John street, passing up Broadway, we come upon St. Paul's Church, opposite to which is the new and handsome marble building of the Park National Bank, universally ac- knowledged to be the most splendid structure for a bank- ing-house in the United States. Adjoining this is the New York Herald building, also of white marble, and which outvies every establishment of the kind in the country. A little further on stands the far-famed Astor House. On the corner of Park Place and Broadway is a beau- tiful brown-stone building occupied by the Broadway National Bank. Next in order we come to Stewart's marble palace, at the corner of Chambers street, covering a space of 152 feet on Broadway, and 100 feet deep on the side streets. On the site of the old Broadway Theatre, Judge Whiting has erected, at a cost of $200,000, a marble building, with 75 feet front on Broadway by 175 feet deep. At No. 340 Broadway is the ancient site of the famous Broadway Tabernacle, once known throughout the whole land as the great rendezvous of the various reli- gious and benevolent institutions during the May Anni- versaries. The frontage on Broadway is 30 feet, and the depth 200 feet, with an extension on Worth, street and Catharine Lane of 100 feet square. On the corner of Worth and Church streets, occupy- ing the whole block, is the massive stone building of Messrs. H. B. Claflin& Co. NOTABLE STORES, ETC. 91 At the corner of Leonard street and Broadway stands the noble edifice erected and occupied by the New York Life Insurance Company. This is the most magnificent structure devoted to Life Insurance in the country. Continuing up Broadway, we come to the magnificent brown-stone building formerly occupied by the Mer- chants* Union Express Co. On the corner of White street and Broadway stands one of the finest specimens of architecture of which our city can boast. The building is of white marble, and is owned by Mr. Astor. The attention is next arrested by the elegance of a building at the corner of Broadway and Grand street It has a front of 100 feet on Broadway, and 125 feet on Grand street. The whole structure is of highly orna- mented white marble, lately occupied by Messrs. Lord & Taylor as a dry-goods store On the lower corner, Messrs. Devlin & Co., the clothiers, have their store, whilst on the opposite corner Messrs. Cochran, McLean & Co. occupy a fine brown-stone building. On the corner of Broadway and Broome street is a handsome iron building, while opposite is another iron building, in the Gothic style, occupied by Johnson Brothers & Co. Just beyond is the St. Nicholas Hotel, a white marble structure, reaching to the corner of Spring street. On the opposite corner is the Prescott House. Ad- joining this is a very extensive and beautiful iron build- ing, occupied by W. A. Ransom & Co. Just above, on the opposite side, is a handsome white marble building, occupied by the Meriden Britannia Company. Messrs. Ball, Black & Co., have a beautiful white marble building on the corner of Prince street and Broadway. Next in view is the Metropolitan Hotel. Opposite the Metropolitan Hotel, Messrs. E. & H. T. Anthony & Co., dealers and importers of Artists' Materials, Stereoscopes, etc., have their extensive establish- ment. 92 NOTABLE STORES, ETC. We have now reached the corner of Bleecker street, just above which is the white marble building- known as Miller's Book Store, where may be found, in addition to a large and well-selected stock of English and Ameri- can books, every thing in the stationery line. James Miller makes a specialty of fancy and commercial sta- tionery. 647 is famous for its beautiful designs for monograms, as well as for wedding gifts. The next building which claims our attention is the elegant clothing establishment of Brooks Brothers, corner of Broadwav and Bond street. It is conceded to be one of the handsomest stores on Broadway. We now pass to Astor Place, where is situated the Mercantile Library and the Book Trade Sales Rooms of George A. Leavitt & Co. At the junction of Astor Place and Fourth Avenue is the Cooper Union, also the Bible House. Returning to Broadway, the next object that strikes our attention is Stewart's magnificent retail store on the comer of 10th street, and on the opposite corner stands Grace Church. • Continuing our walk, we reach Union Square, at the junction of which with Fourth avenue stands Brown's Statue of Washington. It is a bronze equestrian fig- ure, placed upon a plain granite pedestal. The statue is fourteen and a half feet, and the whole, including the pedestal, is twenty-nine feet high. It occupied the artist four years in its construction, and cost over $30,000. The statue is universally admired. The artist has, in a masterly manner, overcome the almost insurmountable difficulty of all equestrian statues, inasmuch as he has succeeded in making the interest of the horse subordi- nate to that of the rider. The majestic presence of Washington is the object f/rst to catch and fix the be- holder's gaze. The true proportions and fine attitude of the animal but enter into and complete the inspiring effect of the perfect statue. Directly lacing that of Washington, is a statue ot "Abraham Lincoln," which is of itself an attraction to the Square. In the rear of this statue we next be- hold the magnificent salesrooms of the celebrated Wheeler and Wilson Sewing-Machine Company. 44 14th Street, Union Square. POST OFFICE. 93 GENERAL POST OFFICE. Southern end of City Hall Park. Office Hours. — Open continuously, except Sundays. On {Sundays from 9 to 11 A. M. TJ. S. Mail Stations. — Open from 6.30 A. m. to 8 P. M., and on Sunday from 8 to 10 A. M. A, 100 Spring street, B, 382 Grand street, C, 583 Hudson street, D, 4 Cooper Institute, E, 465 Eighth Avenue, F, 342 Third Avenue, G, 935 Eighth Avenue, H, 978 Third Avenue, I, West 73d & Boulevard, K, 171 E. 86th street, L, 2237 Third Avenue, M, W. 152d street & 10th Avenue. O, Manhattanville. R, W. 110th st, & Boule- vard. Bates of Postage. No letter will be sent from this Office, to any place within the United States, unless the postage is prepaid by stamps. Stamps and stamped envelopes can be procured at the office here, and also at all the above named stations. The inland postage (which must be prepaid) upon single letters, is three cents ; double letters twice, and treble letters, treble these rates. Every letter or parcel not exceeding half an ounce in weight, shall be deemed a single letter, and every addi- tional weight of half an ounce, or less, shall be charged with an additional single postage, prepaid by stamps. City letters must be prepaid by stamps at the rate of two cents for each half ounce, or less, and two cents for each additional half ounce, whether delivered from the office or by the carriers. Advertised letters are charged with two cents, in ad* dition to the regular postage. 94 BANKS. BATES OF POSTAGE ON NEWS- PAPEES. Daily newspapers, per quarter, 35c. Six times a week, u 30 Tri- weekly, " 15 Semi- weekly, u 10 Weekly newspapers, " 10 Transient papers, 4 ounces, 2 Monthly magazines, 4 " 3 Monthly magazines, 8 " 6 Books, each, 4 " 4 BANKS. The more prominent banks of New York include, the Bank of New York, corner of Wall and Wil- liam streets, the Bank of America, the Mechanics 1 Bank, the Merchants' Bank, the Manhattan, the Bank of Commerce, Nassau Bank, &c. The Banks of New York are daily becoming more important in an archi- tectural point of view. The American Exchange Bank, 128 Broadway, corner of Liberty street, is a splendid building of Caen stone. The Bank of Commerce, in Nassau street, facing the Post-Office, is one of the finest marble edifices in the city. Its capital is ten millions of dollars. CITY OF NEW TOEZ. 95 Duncan, Sherman & Co's Banking Rouse is built of brown stone, and stands on the corner of Nassau and Pine streets ; it cost $150,000. Adjoining this is another splendid establishment, — The Continental Bank. The Bank of the Republic is situated at the corner of Broadway and Wall street ; it is a noble edifice, built of brown stone ; its entire cost is estimated at about $175,000. its capital is $2,000,000. The Metropolitan is also built of brown stone, and is located at the corner of Pine street and Broadway ; its cost is stated at $160,000. The Bank of the Commonwealth, 15 Nassau street, is a beautiful brown stone structure of elegant proportions. The Bank of America is one of the old established banks, situated 46 Wall street. Its capital is $3,000,000. On the corner of Wall and William streets, is another fine edifice, the Bank of New York; recently rebuilt with brick and brown stone facings; its capital is $2,000,000. The Bank of North America, 44 Wall street, has a capital of $1,000,000. Broadway Bank, corner of Broadway and Park Place, is a massive brown-stone building ; its cost is stated at $127,000. The Park Bank, 214 and 216 Broadway, is a recent establishment, with a capital of $2,000,000 The Phenix Bank, 45 Wall street. The Shoe and Leather Bank, corner of Broadway and Chambers street, has. a capital of $1,000,000. The Union Bank, 34 Wall street, has a capital of $1,500,000. The Importers and Traders Bank, 245 Broadway, ha? a capital of $1,500,000. The Pacific Bank has erected a fine marble edifice in Broadway, adjoining Cochran, McLean & Company's building, corner of Grand street. The Manhattan Company, 40 Wall street, has a capi- tal of $2,050,000. The Clearing House is corner of Pine and Nassau streets. 90 SAYINGS BANKS. For a general list of the City Banks, the reader is re- ferred to the New York Directory. SAVINGS BANKS. Among the excellent institutions of New York, may be mentioned the Savings Banks. The principal estab- lishments are the following : Bank for Savings, 67 Bleecker street, is a beautiful marble edifice, the most elegant and spacious of its class in the city. Bowery Savings Bank, 130 Bowery, is a splendid brown stone building — one of the architectural orna- ments of this portion of the city. We refer the reader to the annexed illustration of this edifice. Broadway Savings Bank is on the corner of Park Place. East River Savings Bank is situated 3 Chambers street. The Irving, 96 Warren street. The Greenwich, 73 Sixth Avenue. The Emigrant Industrial, 51 Chambers street. The Mechanics and Trader s\ 283 Bowery. The Manhattan, 644 Broadway. The Dry Dock, 341 East Fourth street. The Merchants' Clerks' Savings Bank, 20 Union Square. Seamen's Bank for Savings, 74 Wall. Sixpenny Savings Bank, Clinton Hall, Astor Place. Bowery Savings Bank. OITT OF NEW YOEK. 97 PUBLIC WORKS. THE CEOTON AQUEDUCT, By which the city is supplied with puro water, is on* of the most gigantic enterprises of the kind undertaken in any country. The distance which the water travels through this artificial channel, exclusive of the grand reservoir, is about forty miles. The Dam crosses the Croton River six miles from its mouth, and the whole distance from this dam, thirty -two miles, is one un- broken under-ground canal, formed of stone and brick. The great receiving reservoir is on York Hill, five miles from the City Hall ; it can receive a depth of water to the extent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 150,000,000 gallons. Two miles further on is the dis- tributing reservoir, at Murray Hill. This reservoir is of solid masonry, built in the Egyptian style of archi- tecture, with massive buttresses, hollow granite walls, &c. On the top of the walls is an inclosed promenade. It is three miles from the City Hall. The cost of this immense undertaking was over thirteen millions of dol- lars. During the past years the works have been thoroughly examined and repaired from the Croton Dam to the receiving reservoir at an immense cost. In connec- tion with this a typographical survey of the valley of the Croton was effected, by which it appears that the ridge defining the waters above the point at which the Aqueduct begins, measures 101 miles. Within this cir- cuit there are 31 lakes and ponds ; and the aggregate area of waters including the tributaries is 352 square miles; which is equal to 96,034 gallons per square mile during the driest season. Yet large as this supply may i appear, the resources of the Brooklyn water- works are nearly six times as great. OS PUBLIC WORKS. Among the improvements now contemplated in these colossal works is the erection of still another immense reservoir in the northeastern part of the city, provided with a high column (pumped up by steam) in order to increase the pressure in the pipes of the Division where the present head of water is ineffective, owing to the altitude of the ground. The immense New Eeservoir cost $2,250,000 when completed. The New Eeservoir is located at York hill, in the Central park, between Eighty-fifth and Ninety-seventh streets. The gate-houses, which are to cost $193,513, are to be built in the outer reservoir bank, and at the ends of the central bank of the new reservoir, the aqueduct will extend therefrom to about 50 feet east of the existing aqueduct, near the Ninth Avenue. The south gate-house will be located near Eighty-sixth street; 83 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 42 feet above the pavement of the bays, which are to be divided. The masonry will be very massive, and supported by but- tresses four feet wide and sixteen feet high. The north gate-house will be 72 feet by 40, and correspond with the other so far a relates to distribution and waste- pipes, &c. At the distance of about eight miles from the City Hall is THE HIGH BRIDGE, The most important structure connected with the Cro- ton Aqueduct. It is thrown across the Harlem valley and river. It spans the whole width of the valley and river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, each with a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and the ele- vation of the archer gives 100 feet clear of the river from their lower side. Besides these, there are several other arches rising from the ground, the 9pan of which is somewhat more than half that of the first mentioned. The material employed throughout the whole of this CITY OF NEW YORK. 90 imposing object is granite. The works cost $900,000. The water is led over this bridge, which is 1450 feet in extent, in iron pipes ; and over all is a pathway, which, though wide enough for carriages, is available to pedes- trians only. The fare by a carriage, allowing passen- gers to remain two or three hours at the bridge, is $5. It can be reached pleasantly and expeditiously by the Harlem Railroad (Depot 4th Avenue and 4.2d street), or in summer by the Third Avenue Railroad and steam- boat from Harlem. SHIP-BUILDING YARDS AND DBY DOCKS. Of the numerous works in and around New York, the stranger must not fail to pay a visit to the Ship-Build- ing Yards and Dry Docks, where gigantic steamers may be seen in every stage of progress, and all the most approved machinery connected with ship-building in active operation. THE MORGAN IRON WORKS, At the foot of East Ninth street, are of themselves a perfect marvel, and here the stranger may spend an hour with the greatest pleasure and profit in witness- ing all the wonders of the steam-engine. THE NAVAL DRY DOCK, A stone structure, said to be the largest of the kind In the world, and a perfect monument of engineering skill, will also well repay the trouble of a visit. The dimen- sions of this gigantic dock are 400 feet in length by 120 in breadth at their base. The work took ten years in its construction; it cost $2,150,000. THE SECTIONAL DOCK, At the foot of Pike street, East River, is an object well worth visiting. The dock is constructed for the pur- pose of lifting vessels, by means of tanks filled with water. There is also another process of raising a ves 6el, by means of pulleys, worked by hydraulic power. 100 SHIPS. — FOKTIFIOATION8. CLIPPER SHIPS, PACKETS, ETC. The docks along the North River, from the Battery northward, ami also especially along the East River, exhibit a complete forest of masts of the naval architec- ture of the city. Splendid packet-ships, clippers, and steamboats, of all descriptions and sizes, hem in the margins of these rivers. On the North River may be seen the stately ocean-steamers. These also are objects of interest to strangers, and they may inspect the ele- gant cabins of these splendid vessels on application. FORTS AND FORTIFICATIONS. The national defences of New York comprise the following : the strong fortifications of the Narrows — on the one side, Forts Hamilton and La Fayette, the latter having three tiers of guns, &c. ; on the other side, Forts Tompkins and Richmond, situated on Staten Island heights. To protect the inner harbor, there are Forts Columbus and Castle William, on Governor's Island, and the works on Bedlow's and Ellis' Islands. Castle William, measuring 600 feet in circumference, and 60 feet high, is a circular stone battery, with magazines, &c. Fort Columbus, on the same island, connects with the former. Here are barracks and a corps of the United States troops. Governors Island, formerly known as Nut Island, from its formerly being covered with nut-trees, was, in colonial times, used by the Englieh governors as pleasure-grounds. The several fortifications here, may be easily seen, by taking a boat from Castle Garden, foot of the Battery. There are other fortifications for the defence of Long Island Sound, and also towards Sandy Hook. HOTELS— MARKETS. 101 PRINCIPAL HOTELS The Asior House, Broadway, near the City Hall Park. The Metropolitan, Broadway, corner of Prince street. St. Nicholas, Broadway, corner of Spring street. Prescott House, Broadway, corner of Spring street. The Everett House, north side of Union Square. Grand Central Hotel, Broadway, opposite Bond street. New York Hotel, Broadway, cor. of Washington place. The Clarendon, cor. Fourth avenue and Eighteenth street St. Denis, corner of Broadway and Eleventh street. Gilsey House, Broadway and Twenty-ninth street. Brewort House, Fifth avenue and Clinton place. St. James, Broadway and Twenty-sixth street. Westmoreland Hotel, Fourth avenue and Seventeenth st. Coleman House, Broadway and near Twenty-eighth street Hoffman House, Broadway and Twenty-fifth street. Grand Hotel, Broadway and Thirty-first street. Fifth Avenue Hotel, Fifth avenue and Twenty-third street Windsor Hotel, Fifth Avenue and Forty-sixth street. In addition to the above there are numerous other hotels and houses, which may readily be ascertained. NEW YOEK MAKKETS. THE FULTON MARKET, Built in 1821, at a cost of $220,000, is located on a block described by Fulton street on the south, Beek- man on the north, Front on the west, and South street on the east. WASHINGTON MARKET Is on the western side of the city, on the North River t at the foot of Vesey street and Washington street This market receives the produce from the West, as the Fulton does from the East district. 102 CITY OF NEW YORK. CATHARINE MARKET Is smaller than the above, occupying a square between Cherry and South streets, East River. There are also ESSEX MARKET, Grand street, extending from Ludlow to Essex streets ; MANHATTAN MARKET, Situated in West 34th street, fronting on the North River, is the largest and handsomest structure devoted to this purpose in this country, if not in the world. It is an enormous edifice, eight hundred feet in length, and two hundred feet in width. It is constructed of pressed brick, iron and glass, is entirely fire-proof, and has every requisite necessary for a building of this character. JEFFERSON MARKET, Corner of Greenwich and Sixth Avenues ; CLINTON MARKET, Situate at the foot of Canal street, between the North River and Washington street; and TOMPKINS MARKET, Between Sixth and Seventh streets, Third Avenue. There is yet another, more central, and on a larger scale, known as CENTRE MARKET, In Centre street, extending from Grand to Broome streets. This is a well-built and commodious place, adapted for the various departments of a public market. The building is substantial, built of brick, two stories nigh ; the upper portion being used as armories and drill-rooms by military companies, &c. EUEOPEAN STEAMSHIP LINES. Anchor Line. — New York to Glasgow. Henderson Bros., Agents, 7 Bowling Green. Gunard Line. — New York to Liverpool. Chas. G. Francklyn, Agent, 4 Bowling Green. Lnman Line. — New York to Liverpool, John G. Dale, Agent, 15 Broadway. White Star Line. — New York to Liverpool. R. J. Cortis, Agent, 19 Broadway. National Line. — New York to Liverpool and London. F. W. J. Hurst, Agent, 69 Broadway. State Line. — New York to Liverpool. Austin, Bald- win & Co., Agents, 72 Broadway. IT. S. Mail Line. — New York to Liverpool, Williams & Guion, 29 Broadway. Great Western Line. — New York to Bristol, W. D. Morgan, 70 Soutli street. North German Lloyd Line. — New York to Southamp- ton. Oelrichs & Co., 2 Bowling Green. General Transatlantic Go. New York to Havre. Geo. Mackenzie, 55 Broadway. Hamburg American Packet Line. — New York to Hamburg. Pdchard & Boas, 61 Broadway. STEAMBOATS. NORTH RIVER. Albany, etc. (morning boat), Pier No. 39. Albany (night line), Pier No. 41. Troy (night line), Pier No. 34. Boston and Providence (Prop.), Pier No. 2T. Boston (Fall River Line), Pier No. 23. Boston (Stonington Line), Pier No. 18. Boston (Norwich and Wor. Line), Pier No. 39. Barrytown, Bhinebeck db Tivoli, Pier No. 37. Cattskill and Hudson, Pier No. 39. Coney Island and Fort Hamilton, Pier No. 4. Coxsackie, Bristol, Cattskill, etc., Pier No. 37. Cozzen\% Cornwall, etc., Pier No. 39. Dobbs' Ferry, Tonkers, etc., Pier No. 34. Elizabethport, etc., Pier No. 14. Fort Lee, Bull's Ferry, etc., Pier No. 51. Grassy Point, Cold Spring, etc., Pier No. 39. Eastings, Dobbs' Ferry, etc., Piei No. 34. 104 CITY OF NEW YORK. Hudson, Pier No. 37. Uaverstraw, Yonkers, etc.. Pier No. 34. Key port and Middletown Point, Pier No. 36. Long Branch, Shrewsbury, etc., Pier No. 32. Mariner's Harbor and Bergen Point, Pier No. 14. Marlboro and Milton, Pier No. 33. New Brighton and P. Richmond, Pier No. 19. Newark, Pier No. 26. New Brunswick and Wood's ^Landing, Pier No. 14. New London, Norwich & Mystic, Pic r No. 33. New Hamburg and Milton, Pier No. 39. Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, etc., Pier No. 39. Newport, Pall River, etc., Pier No. 28. Norwich. Pier No. 33. Nyack, Tarrytown and Yonkers, Pier No. 34. Peekskill, Pier No. 34 Perth Amboy, Rossville, etc., Pier No. 30. Perth Amboy, Pier No. 1. Port Monmouth and Middletown, Pier No. 32. Port Washington and Fairhaven, Piers No. 26 and 30. Poughkeepsie and Cornwall, Pier No. 33. Poughkeepsie, Yonkers, etc., Pier No. 39. Providence, Pier No. 35. Rockland Lake, Nyack, etc^ Pier No. 34. Rockaway, Pier No. 30. Rondout and Kingston, Pier No. 39. Rossville, Woodbridge, etc., Pier No. 30. Red Bank, N. J., Pier No. 32. Saugerties, Rhinebeck & Tivoli, Pier No. 37. South Amboy, Pier No. 1. Sing Sing, Pier No. 34. Sing Sing, Irvington and Tarry- town, Pier No. 30. Staten Island, Whitehall Slip. Snug Harbor, Factoryville, etc., Pier No. 19. Shrewsbury, Long Branch, etc.. Pier No. 32. Staten Island (North Shore), Pier No. 19. Tarrytown, Yonkers, Nyack, Pier No 34 Tottens, Chelsea and Blazing St., Pier No. 30. West Camp, *Malden, etc., Pier No. 35. West Point, Newburg, etc., Pier No. 39. Yonkers, Tarrytown and Nyack , Pier No. 34. EAST RIVER. Astoria. Harlem and Yorkville, Pier No. 24. BlackwelVs Island, etc., Foot of 26th street. Bridgeport, Pier No. 35. Bridgeport, Pier No. 26. City Island, New Rochelle, etc., Pier No. 43. College Point, Pier No. 22. Derby, Conn.. Pier No. 37. Flushing, Pier No. 22. Greenwich, Portchester and Rye, Pier No. 26. Harlem. Yorkville & High Bridge, Pier No. 24. Hartford & intermediate places, Pier No. 24. Glen Cove, Roslyn, Bayley's D% Pier No. 24. Lloyd's Hock and Huntington, Pier No. 26. MotVs Dock, Sand V Point, Great Neck, Pier No. 24. Mystic and Noank, Conn.. Pier No. 23. New Haven, Pier No. 24. Norwalk and Danbury, Pier No. 37. Northport, Oyster Bay, etc., Pier No. 26. Orient, Greenport and S. Harbor, Pier No. 3S. Portland, for Canada, Pier No. 88. Rye Point, Portchester, etc-, Pier No. 26. Stamford, Pier No. 22. CITY OF NEW YORK. 105 WESTEEN UNION TELEGKAPH. General Office, 145 Broadway. Produce Exchange, cor. Pearl street and Whitehall. Cor. William and Beaver streets, " Basement." 134 Pearl street. 22 Broad street. Merchants' Exchange News Room, 50 and 52 Pine street Fulton Market, 83 Fish Market. Astor House. Washington Market, 100 Vesey street. Hudson River Railroad Depot, Warren street. 239 Broadway. Dry Goods Exchange, 49 and 51 Park Place. Pier 39 N. R., Yestry street. Pier 41 N. R. 280 Canal street, near Broadway. Westchester House, cor. Broome and Bowery. St. Nicholas Hotel. Prescott Heuse. Metropolitan Hotel. New York Hotel. 95 Eighth Avenue, near 14th street. Dry Dock, cor. 10th street and Avenue D. Everett House. Madison Square, 945 Broadway. Fifth Avenue Hotel. Hoffman House. Harlem R R. Depot, cor. 26th street and Fourth Avenue N. Haven R.R. Depot, cor. 27th st. and Fourth Avenue AHerton's West , Eleventh Avenue and 41st street. Cor. Sixth Avenue and 42d street. Yorkville, cor. Third Avenue and 86th street. Harlem, cor. Third Avenue and 135th street, Manhattanville Railroad Depot. Astoria, Fulton street, near junction of Main. Jersey City, 26 Exchange Place. Hoboken, Morris and Essex Railroad Depot, OMNIBUSES AND RAIL-CARS. The omnibus lines are 8 in number, comprising 204 vehicles, which average about 10 down and as many up trips daily. Besides these stages there are twenty- two lines of commodious city cars, drawn by horses along rails laid on the streets. The fare is only 5 cents. They run as follows : Harlem Co's. City Cars — From Park Row to Centre street, through Centre to Grand, Grand to Bowery, up Bowery to Fourth Avenue and Forty-second street. Second Avenue Cars — From Peck Slip, through Pearl, Chatham, Bowery, Grand, and Allen streets, First Ave- nue, East Twenty-third street and Second Avenue, to Harlem. Third Avenue Railroad — Park Row, Bowery, Third Avenue to Harlem. Sixth Avenue Railroad — Vesey, through Church and Chambers streets, West Broadway, Canal, Varick, and Carmine streets, Sixth Avenue, to Fifty-ninth street. Seventh Avenue Railroad — From corner of Broadway and Barclay street, through Church, Greene, University Place, Broadway, Forty-third street, and Seventh Ave- nue to Fifty-ninth street. There is also a branch start- ing place from corner of Broadway and Broome street. Eighth Avenue Railroad— Vesey, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Hudson streets, and Eighth Avenue, to Harlem River. Ninth Avenue Railroad— 'Barclay, corner of Church, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Greenwich, and Ninth Avenue, to Fifty ninth street. Central Park, North and East River Railroad — Eastern Division — From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Front, Water, and South streets, to Grand Street Ferry ; thence through Grand, Man- gin, Corlears and Houston streets, to Avenues D and A ; thence through 14th street to First Avenue, and through First Avenue and 59th street to the Fifth Avenue en- trance of the Central Park, CITY OF NEW YORK. 107 Central Parle, North and East River Railroad — Western Division — From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Whitehall and State streets, Bat- tery Place, West street, Tenth Avenue and 59th street, to Fifth Avenue entrance of Central Park. Broadway and Grand Street Ferry Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Canal street, through New Canal street, East Broadway, and Grand street to Grand Street Ferry. Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Barclay street, through Barclay, Church, Greene, and Eighth streets, Univer- sity Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 59th street.— Branch from junction of Broadway and Broome street, through Broome, Greene, Eighth streets, University Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, aDd 59th street. Return Route — From corner of 59th street and Seventh Avenue, through Seventh Avenue, Broadway, University Place, Eighth street, Wooster street (Branch Road from Wooster through Broome street, to Broadway), Canal street, West Broadway, Barclay street, to Broadway. Forty-second Street and Grand .Street Ferry Rail- road — Forty-second street and Eleventh Avenue, along Forty-second street to Tenth Avenue, through Tenth Avenue to Thirty -fourth street, Broadway, Twenty- third street, Fourth Avenue, Fourteenth street, Avenue A, Houston street, Cannon street, Grand street, to Grand Street Ferry. Return Route — From Grand Street Ferry to Goerck street, through Goerck, Hous- ton, and Second streets, Avenue A, Fourteenth street, Fourth Avenue, Twenty-third street, Broadway, Thir- ty-fourth street, Tenth Avenue to Forty-second Street Ferry. East Brotdway and Dry Dock Railroad — From junction of Park Row and Broadway, through Park Row, Chatham street, Chatham Square, East Broad- way, Grand street, Goerck, Houston, to Avenue D, thence through Avenue D to Dry Dock. Return 108 OMNIBUSES AND RAIL-CARS. Route — From Dry Dock, through Avenue D, Eighth, Lewis, Grand streets, East Broadway, Chatham Square, Chatham-street, Park Row to Broadway. Fourteenth- street and Fulton Ferry Railroad — From foot of Fourteenth-street, North Kiver, through Hudson, Bleecker, Crosby, Howard, Elm, Reade, Centre, Beek- man, and South streets, to Fulton-street ; and return through Fulton, William and Ann streets to Park Row, and thence to Fourteenth-street along the route above mentioned. Grand-street Ferry and Courtland-street Ferry Rail- road — From Grand-street Ferry through Grand-street, East Broadway, Walker, Greenwich, and Courtlandt streets to the ferry. For the several stage and omnibus routes throughout the city, see the New York Directory. Most of them have their routes designated on the outside of the ve- hicle. A large proportion of them pass up and down Broadway almost incessantly. Grand Central Depot, 42nd Sureet. RAILROADS. 109 RAILROADS. GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT, 42d STREET. This is decidedly the largest and handsomest depot in the world. Its exterior is imposing, and its im- mense size and regularity gives it a marked magnitude in a city where there is so much architectural discord. Here is combined the starting point of trains %ia New York and New Haven, New York and Harlem, and the Hudson River Railroads. It is well worth the time for a stranger in our city to pay a visit to this rightly named " Grand Depot of the world." NEW YORK AND HARLEM- The trains run on this road as far as Albany, stop- ping at intermediate places. As far as Williams' Bridge, which is 14 miles from the city, they run on the same track as the New Haven trains, afterwards they branch off. From the depot to Harlem being through the heart of the city, and many accidents hav- ing occurred, it was found necessary to sink the track as far as the tunnel, which is about two miles in length, nearly a mile of which was cut through solid granite. The Third and Fourth Avenue horse-cars leave the vicinity of the New Post Office every few minutes dur- ing the day, and half-hourly at night, and connect with the railroad at Grand Central depot. THE HUDSON RIVER AND N. Y. CENTRAL. The main depot of this road is the Grand Central, at Forty-second street and Fourth Avenue. Trains also leave the old depot at Tenth Avenue and Thirtieth street ; but it is advisable when leaving the city, to take the cars at the former depot, as trains leave here more frequently, and it is more accessible by horse- cars. 110 CITY OF NEW YORK. NEW JERSEY RAILROAD. For Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, and intermediate places, leaves New York from foot of Cortlandt street, via Jersey Oity Ferry. CENTRAL RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. For Harrisburg, Heading, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, and intermediate places, leaves Pier No. 15, N. R. NORTHERN RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. For Piermont and intermediate places, leaves New York from foot of Chambers street. CAMDEN AND AMBOY RAILROAD. For Philadelphia, via steamers to Amboy, leaves Pier No. 1, N. R. MORRIS AND ESSEX RAILROAD. For Hackettstown and intermediate places, leaves foot of Barclay street. LONG ISLAND RAILROAD. For Greenport and intermediate places, leaves James Slip, and foot of Thirty-fourth street, E. R. CONEY ISLAND RAILROAD. All Brooklyn horse-cars for Greenwood connect with this road. Depot, Thirty-sixth street, near Fifth Av- enue, Brooklyn. FLUSHING RAILROAD, L. I. Leaves foot of 34th street, and James Slip, N. Y. RARITAN AND DELAWARE BAY RAILROAD. For Middletown, Red Bank, Long Branch, Tom's river, and intermediate places, leaves wharf foot of Duane street. STATEN ISLAND RAILROAD. For Tottenville and intermediate places, leaves New York from Pier No. 1, foot of Whitehall street, E. R. CITY OF NEW YORK. Ill FERRIES. Brooklyn — Catherine Slip to Main street. From 5 a. M. to 9 p. m., every ten minutes ; from 9 p. m. to 12 a. m., every twenty minutes. Brooklyn— Foot Fulton street, N. Y., to Fulton street, B'klyn. From 3 a. m. to 12 p. m., every five minutes from 12 p. m. to 3 a. si., every fifteen minutes. Brooklyn — Foot Jackson to Hudson Avenue. From 5 a. m. to 10 p. m . . every fifteen minutes. Brooklyn (E. D.) — Foot Roosevelt to South Seventh street. From 5 a. m. to 8 p. m., every ten minutes Brooklyn— Foot Wall to Montague street. From 5 a. m. to 8 p. m., every ten minutes; from 8 p. m. to midnight, every twenty minutes. Brooklyn— Foot Whitehall to Atlantic street. From 5 a. m to 11 p m., every 12 minutes; from 11 p. m. to 5 a. m., every half hour. Brooklyn (E. D.)— Foot Grand street, 1ST. Y.. to Grand street, B'klyn, and to Division Avenue. Brooklyn (E. D)— Foot E. Houston to Grand street. BulVs Ferry and Fort Lee — Pier No. 44 N". R. G^eenpoint— Foot Tenth and foot East Twenty -third. From 6 a. m. to 9 p.m., every fifteen minutes. Hamilton Avenue — Foot Whitehall to Atlantic Dock. From 7 a. m. to 6 p. m., every ten minutes; from 6 p. m. to 12 a. m., every fifteen minutes. Huboken— Foot Barclay. From 6 a. m. to 7? p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 7f p. m. to 12 p. m., every half hour; from 12 p. m. to 4 a. m., every hour; from 4 to 6 a. m., every half hour. Hoboken— Foot Canal. From 5[ a. m. to 9 p. m., every half hour. Hunters Point— Foot East Thirty-fourth street. From 4± a. m. to 12 p. m., every fifteen minutes. Fare 4 cents. Hunter 's Point — James Slip to Ferry street, every half hour. 112 FERRIES. Jersey City — Foot Courtlandt to Montgomery street. From 3 a. m. to 7^ p. m, every ten minutes; from 1\ p. m. to 12 p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 12 p. m. to 3 a. m., every thirty minutes. Jersey City — Foot Desbrosses to Exchange Place. From 5 a. m. to 10 p. m., every fifteen minutes ; from 10 p. m. to 5 a. m., every thirty minutes. Mott Haven— Foot Peck Slip. Boats leave at 7, 8, 9.15, and 11.30 A. m., 1.15. 3.15, 4.15, 5.15, 6.15 p. m. From foot of Eighth street, fifteen minutes later. Pavonia — Foot Chambers, 1ST. E., to Long Dock. From 1 a. m. to 7 p. m., every fifteen minutes ; from 7 p. m. to 1 A. m., every half hour. Staten Mand — (New Brighton, Port Richmond, and Snug Harbor.) — Foot Whitehall. 5 trips daily. Staten Island — (Quarantine, Stapleton, and Yander- bilt's Landing.) — Foot Whitehall. From 6 a. m. to 7 p. m., every hour. The 7 and 9 a. m. and 1, 4, and 6 p. m., connect with the trains of the Staten Island Kail road. Weehawhen — Foot West Forty-second. From 7 a. m. to 9 p. m., every twenty minutes. Astoria Ferry — Foot East Ninety-second. Boats run every fifteen minutes. EXPKESS COMPANIES. Adams Exjiress, 59 Broadway, Spring and Broadway, and 27th stret^ and Fourth Avenue. American, 61 Hudson street and 2S0 Canal street. American- European, 72 Broadway. Astoria and Raven sivood, 13 John street. Bath (Remson's), 117 John street. Bergen Express {Van Riper), 56 Courtlandt street. Breese Express, 162 Broadway and 280 Canal street Brooklyn Express ( WestcoWs), 1 Park Place Brooklyn {Plumb'' s) 170 West street. Brooklyn {Studley's) 142 Grand street ATLANTIC MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 51 WALL STREET. - li Jim m MARINE AND INLAND INSURANCE. J. H. CHAPMAN, Secretary JOHN D. JONES, Pres. CHARLES DENNIS. V. Pres. W. H. H. MORE, 2d V. Pres JOHN D. HEWLETT, 3d V. Pres. V. CITY OF NEW YOBK. 113 Brooklyn and New York (Simonson's), 181 Atlantic street, BrooklyD and 71 Courtlandt street, New York. Sudd's Newark Express, 66 Courtlandt street Burnham's Furniture Express, 115 West Eleventh street Coney Island Express, 117 John street. Connecticut River Express, 254 Broadway. Cuba (Bombalier T EW YORK. 123 and reaching away beyond all interjacent objects, it carries out the eye to the great ocean itself. On the margin of " Sylvan Lake" stands the memo- rial of the fair, yet hapless girl of the forest "Do-hum~ me" who so soon exchanged her bridal for her burial. Not far from this monument is the tomb of the friend- less poet, McDonald Clarke, and near by, that of the young and beautiful votary of fashion, Miss Canda, whose sudden death caused such deep sympathy some years since. This magnificent tomb cost $10,000. Among the numerous costly monuments, ought to be named the Pilots' and the Firemen's columns. This cemetery is 330 acres in extent, and is of undu- lating and varied character. Free admission is granted to the public on week days^ by tickets obtainable from any undertaker, but on Sabbath this privilege is re- stricted to proprietors, their families, and persons who may be of their party. The principal avenue is named The Tour, and by keeping in this, strangers will secure the most favorable general view. A little careful at- tention, however, to the guide-boards in the grounds, will enable them, ere long, to thread their way through the more retired, but not less beautiful passages, within this solemn inclosure. Some four or five miles eastward of Brooklyn are the Cemeteries of the I^ergreens and Cypress Hills; they do not, however, compare with Greenwood for beauty of scenery or architectural adornment. The vicinity of Brooklyn possesses many points of interest; we can but name some of them. Williams- burgh — which, were it not now incorporated with Brooklyn, would be considered a city of itself — Flush- ing, Flaibush, Jamaica, Bath, Fort Hamilton, Coney Island, JS T ew Utrecht, EocTcaway, &c. Near Guildford, on a rocky peninsula, is the cave of the notorious pirate, Capt. Kidd; it is marked with his initials. 124 CHURCHES OF BROOKLYN. CHURCHES OF BROOKLYN. In addition to numerous elegant stores and private mansions, that in many instances vie with those of the Fifth Avenue of New York, Brooklyn possesses about 80 churches. The most notable of these are CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY, Corner of Clinton and Montague streets, is a splendid Gothic edifice, of brown stone, measuring, with the rec- tory adjoining, 160 feet; width, 80 feet. The windows are of richly-stained glass. That in the church, repre- senting the scene of the Ascension, is especially note- worthy. This elegant edifice cost $100,000. The Rev. Dr. Littlejohn is the rector. THE CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS, On the corner of Henry and Remsen streets, erected in 1845, is of stone, and built in the early Norman style. It is very spacious, measuring 135 feet by 80. In the main tower, about six feet from the ground, may be seen inserted a piece of the "Pilgrim Rock," from Plymouth. The lecture-room is at the rear of the church, and is very spacious. The cost of the building was about $50,000. Rev. Dr. Storrs, Jr., is the pastor. GRACE CHURCH, Situated in Hicks street, near Remsen street. It is built of brown stone, and presents a fair specimen of the florid Gothic. Its interior is very beautiful — length of the nave, 85 feet; width, 60 feet; and the chancel. 28 by 24 feet. There is an adjoining chapel, 60 by 22 feet. The cost of the church was $42,000. CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR (Unitarian), on the corner of Pierrepont street and Mon- CITY OF NEW YORK. 125 roe Piace, is of red sandstone, in the pointed Gothic. It is an elaborately-decorated and symmetrical struc- ture. The cost is estimated at $60,000. Rev. Dr. Putnam is the incumbent. FIRST REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, At the rear of the City Hall, was erected in 1834. It measures 111 feet by 66; is of the Grecian order, and has a deep pediment, supported by eight massive Ionic columns, which impart to the edifice, a fine effect. In the rear of the pulpit is an effectively-painted recess. The Rev. Dr. Dwight is the pastor. PLYMOUTH CHURCH, In Orange street, between Hicks and Henry streets, is perhaps the largest church in Brooklyn, and is yet found insufficient for the large concourse which attends the preaching of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, since the society contemplate the immediate erection of a yet more spacious building, on the Heights, near the Wall Street Ferry. CHRIST CHURCH, In Clinton street, is a Gothic building, measuring 100 feet by 60, with a tower 100 feet high. There is, in the rear of the church, a lecture-room. The cost was $28,000. STRONG PLACE CHURCH, South Brooklyn, is another fine Gothic edifice, built of stone, and much ornamented in the interior. The Rev. Dr. Taylor is the pastor. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, In Henry street, near Clarke, is a massive-looking struc- ture ; lecture-rooms, &c, attached. THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, In Pierrepont street, is a remarkable structure, and well 126 BROOKLYN. RAILROADS. worth visiting. Its interior is exceedingly beautiful, and said to have been modelled after the earliest Christian church, built by the mother of Oonstantine. Its elab- orate, yet chaste decorations present a rich effect. The <. Rev Dr. Bethune, till recently, was the pastor. ST. ANN'S CHUBCH, Corner of Sands street and Washington, is one of the early churches of Brooklyn ; and although of a modest exterior, has a plot of green sward surrounding it which is very inviting to the eye. TEE METHODIST CHURCH, In Clinton street, near Atlantic, is a rough-hewn stone edifice, of the Norman style ; over the principal entrance there is a large circular window. The interior is neat and attractive in its arrangement. There are numerous other religious edifices, which proves that it is no misnomer which has been applied to Brooklyn — " the City of Churches." CITY EAILEOADS. The Brooklyn City Railroads take the following routes, starting from the Fulton Ferry : one line runs through Fulton street, up Fulton Avenue, terminating at East New York, about 7 miles from the City Hall ; another passes through Sands street to Williamsburgh ; a third line goes up Fulton street, Myrtle Avenue, to Division Avenue ; a fourth passes up Fulton street, through Court street, to Greenwood Cemetery, and the fifth from South Ferry, through Atlantic Avenue to Bedford. CITY OF NEW YOKK. 127 PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. The environs of New York abound in picturesque re- treats for the lover of rural beauty. Not only are abun- dant facilities rendered available to the pleasure tourist, in the multiplicity of modes of conveyance by land or by water, but the geographical position of the metropolis places within the circuit of a few miles almost every variety of beautiful scenery, as well as villages, towns, and localities of historic interest. For a cool sea-breeze and pleasing aquatic excursion, the trip by the steamer for Shrewsbury and Long Branch, or Coney Island, will be found full of interest. Boats for the former leave foot of Robinson street, North River, and Peck Slip, East River, daily; for the latter the boat starts from the foot of Battery Place. STATEN ISLAND Is a place of much attraction as a summer resort, and the boats make the trip every hour, from Whitehall dock, near the Battery, The scenery is exceedingly fine, and the drives to the Telegraph station, Stapleton, Richmond, New Brighton, with their clusters of beau- tiful villas and country seats, are full of attraction. HOBOKEN, On the New Jersey shore, is Hoboken, with its Elysian fields and pleasure grounds, the bold bluffs of Weehawken, the Sybil's cave, and the memorable spot of the duel between Col. Burr and General Hamilton. The boats for Hoboken leave every half-hour from Canal street, Barclay street, and Christopher street ferries 128 PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. THROG'S POINT Is another pleasing excursion. Sixteen miles from the city. It is the termination, at Long Island Sound, of Throg's, or rather Throgmorton's Neck. From this headland, which divides the East River from the Sound, a very splendid view is obtained. Fort Schuy- ler, on the point, and Pelham Bridge, may be em- braced in this excursion. ASTORIA. A third excursion may take for its terminus the thriving village of Astoria, six miles to the northeast of New York. The academy, botanic gardens, &c, are worthy of notice ; but its most interesting feature is the singular whirlpool in its neighborhood, denominated Helle Gat— " Hell Gate"— by the Dutch. CROTON DAM. A visit to the great Oroton Aqueduct i6 one of the most interesting expeditions, as well as the easiest, that could be devised. The village of Croton is about 35 miles from the city, which is reached best by the Hudson River Railroad. The famous Dam pertaining to the works is well worthy of a visit. The lake, meas- uring 5 miles, covers an area of 400 acres ; it is formed by a dam 250 feet long, and 38 feet wide at the base, allowing a discharge of 60 million gallons of water daily. Cars leave the Chambers-street depot, at the junction of West Broadway, every hour. DAVID'S ISLAND, Which may be reached by taking the New Haven cars to New Rochelle, and thence by stage to the ferry, i& now occupied as a hospital for sick and wounded sol- diers, and is admirably arranged under the superin- tendence of Dr. Simmons of the army. It is well worth a visit. CITY OF NEW YORK. 129 THE ENVIRONS OF THE CITY. FLUSHING. A pleasant trip to the entrance of Long Island Sound, brings one to Flushing, a remarkably rural and pictu- resque town, with extensive botanic gardens, nurseries, and numerous elegant residences. It is a chosen subur- ban retreat of the New Yorkers. The Flushing boat leaves, twice a day, the dock adjoining the Fulton Ferry. FORT HAMILTON, An attractive place on the southwestern shore of Long Island, about five miles from the city ; and CONEY ISLAND, A short distance beyond, forming a part of Gravesend Township, is a sea-girt barren sand-heap, but com- mands a splendid view of the ocean, and is a place of much resort by bathers. Cars from Brooklyn, and boats from pier No. 1 North River, New York, leave daily for these places. JAMAICA, Which is easy of access by the L. I. Railroad, South Ferry, which leaves three or four times a day, is an interesting old rural town, and is the highway of com- munication to Hempstead, Greenpoint, Rockaway, and Montauk : the last named, on the extremity of the island, iffords a magnificent view of the broad ocean, which there skirts the horizon in almost every direction. There is a remnant of pure Indians still living on this eastern extremity of the coast. ROCKAWAY BEACH Is another fashionable watering-place ; there is a splen- 130 ENVIRONS. did hotel here, and every accommodation for the com- fort of the valetudinarian. Turning again to the shores of New Jersey on the west, we find no less inviting attractions. JERSEY CITY, With its prodigious Depot of the Philadelphia and other trains, its noble Ferry Depot, and its numerous facto- ries, streets of busy merchants, &c, first greet us. This city is the starting point of several important railroad trains, which convey the tourist at almost any hour to the several places we shall briefly specify : namely- - PATERSON, A large manufacturing village, with its picturesque Falls of the Passaic — one of the most romantic cascades that are to be seen. The water is not of great volume, but its precipitous leap over rocky precipices, gives to tjie scene a beautiful effect. ELIZABETH CITY Is another place of interest, not only from its being one of the oldest settlements in the State (1664), but also on account of its handsome buildings, and beautifully arranged streets, which are garnished with the richest foliage. NEWARK, One of the most important manufacturing cities of the State, is fast becoming a great centre of activity in all the useful arts. Being a convenient halting-place for the Philadelphia trains, this city has increased with wonderful rapidity during a few years. It abounds with magnificent churches, and is considered in all re- spects a model city for its municipal and civil order. Newark's first settlement is ascribed to an ancient date, 1666, by a colony from New England. Many other adjacent places might be mentioned, as worthy of note, such as CITY OF NEW YORK. 131 NEW BRUNSWICK, Also an incorporated city, with its celebrated Prince- ton College, &c, PERTH AMBOY, So named from its originally having been chartered to the Earl of Perth in 1683, is a neat and picturesque watering-place. DISTANCES IN THE CITY. j FROM I FROM EXCHANGE. CITY □ ALL. 5 mile. Kector street. i £ mile. Fulton, uity nail. 1 s j mile. Leonard. 1* i 1 Canal. i Spring. 1 Houston. S I 1 M Fourth. 24 l| Ninth. 2* H Fourteenth. si 8 2i 2 Nineteenth. 2} 3 24 Twenty-fourth. 24 Twenty-ninth. B| 3i 21 Thirty-fourth. 3j 84 3 Thirty-eighth. 4 8* 8| Forty-fourth. H 4 84 3| Forty-ninth. H Fifty-fourth. 45 4 Fifty-eighth. 5 44 Sixty-third. H 5 4* 44 Sixty-eighth. 54 g* Seventy-third. 5| 5 Seventy-eighth. 6 ? 54 Eighty-third. 61 54 Eighty-eighth. 64 5f Ninety-third. 6* 64 6 Ninety-seventh. One Hundred and Second. 7 6J 64 3 7 64 One Hundred and Seventh. T4 One Hundred and Twelfth. ? Ti ?» One Hundred and Seventeenth. Tf One Hundred and Twenty-first. 8* 8 74 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth. 132 THE HUDSON RIYEK. STREETS AND AVENUES. The length of the blocks between First and One Hundred and Twenty-first streets, vary from 181 to 211 feet 11 inches. Those between the Avenues (which run at righv angles to the streets), vary from 405 to 920 feet. The Avenues are all 100 feet wide, excepting Lex- ington and Madison, which are 75, and Fourth Avenue, above Thirty-fourth street, which is 140 feet wide. The numerical streets are all 60 feet wide, excepting Fourteenth, Twenty-third, Thirty-fourth, Forty-second, and eleven others, north of these, which are 100 feet wide. THE HUDSON RIVER. The tour of the noble Hudson is of such especial at- traction and interest to travellers, that we deem it fit- ting to devote a page or two to its description. This magnificent river has been appropriately styled the Rhine of America, on account of its bold and pictur- esque scenery, which presents every variety of the beautiful in nature. On the western shores may be seen the long line of its natural ramparts — the pali- sades; on the opposite side, its magnificent slopes and towering heights crowned with numerous elegant coun- try mansions. Adjacent to West Point are the colos- sal Highlands — those grand old mountain-peaks that rear themselves into the blue sky; and farther up, on either side, are the numerous towns and hamlets that gem the margin of this renowned historic river. Not alone for physical beauty is the Hudson celebrated ; it is full of historic and legendary lore. Its waters are vocal with the hallowed reminiscences of our Revolu- tionary struggle ; and all along its shores linger memo OITT OF NEW rORK. 133 ries of heroic deeds of our forefathers. Its rocks and valleys are chronicled with the blood of the martyrs and heroes of freedom. What though no cloister gray, nor ivied column, Along these cliffs their sombre ruins rear; What though no frowning tower, nor temple solemn, Of tyrants tell of superstition here ; There's not a verdant glade, nor mountain hoary, But treasures up the memory of freedom's story. "While nature has been thus lavish in her decorations of this noble river, art has fitted up for the accommo- dation of the lover of the picturesque, those costly and elegant aquatic palaces — the steamboats, which have been long, and so justly, the pride of New York. Har- riet Martineau mentions, in her book on America, that if she were a New Yorker, she would sleep three nights out of the week, during summer, time, on board the Hudson river steamers. These floating palaces are the frequent resort, not only of the stranger, but also of the jenizens of the city, who seek the refreshing free air *nd enchanting scenery afforded by such an excursion. As the vessel leaves the dock, we first pass the Elysian fields of Hoboken, Weehawken bluff, and Bergen heights, on the west, and the long line of the city wharves and factories on the east. A little farther onward rises Fort Lee, a rocky bluff which commences the palisades, and which extend some twenty-five miles up the river, and then strike inland. The palisade range are of trap- rock, and resemble the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland. The island of Manhattan, on which New York is situ- ated, is of primitive granite, while the opposite shore is of the tertiary formation. Among other prominent buildings which garnish the edge of the island, may be seen the Orphan and the Lunatic Asylums, also numer- ous cottages and villas. The town of Manhattanlille is next visible, beautifully embosomed in a valley, being surrounded with hills. Here the celebrated naturalist Audubon resided. . Carmansville, about nine miles from the city proper, is clustered with neat rural resi- dences, and is a favorite resort of New Yorkers, as a lo4 THE HUDSON RIVER. auburban retreat. Near this spot is the High Bridge, which carries the Croton aqueduct across the Harlem river. One mile farther is the bold, rocky height, known as Fort Washington, memorable in our Revolu- tionary annals. It was the scene of a sanguinary en counter with the invading army, in which the British lost eight hundred men, and we some two thousand prisoners. The next object of interest is Spuyten Duy- vel Greek, the origin of which name is humorously de- scribed in Knickerbocker's History of New York. This stream, which flows into the Harlem river, forms the northern boundary of the island of Manhattan. The next town we meet, some sixteen miles from the city of New York, is Yonkers, a beautiful and pic- turesque spot, and one of great resort as a rural re- treat. It is full of elegant villas and pretty cottages. Near the town are Fordham, with its Roman Catholic College, and TetaroVs Hill, noted in Revolutionary history. Hastings is the next place of note. Here the palisades begin to recede from the river. DoWs Ferry, an important spot in Revolutionary times, is situate on the western shore. On the opposite side of the river is the residence of Washington Irving — Sunny- side. This beautiful, antique villa is scarcely visible from the water, being enveloped with the thick foliage which surrounds it. It is styled Wolfevtfs Boost, in the " Sketch Book." The pleasure-grounds of Mr. Irving's residence are laid out with excellent taste, and the picturesque beauty of the place, as well as the world-wide fame of the author, render it the great attraction of tourists from all parts of the world. We notice a little further up, Piermont, on the west, the starting point of the Erie Railroad. About three miles beyond is Tappan village, with its spreading bay. Tappan is celebrated as being the head-quarters of Washington during the war of Independence, and also of being the place of Major Andre's execution, in 1780. Tarrytown, distant twenty-six miles from New York, is famed as the place of the capture of Andre, by 01TY OF NEW TOEK. 135 Paulding and his compatriots. The spot is indicated by a monument, erected about half a mile northward of the town. About two miles distant is " Sleepy Hol- low," the scene of Ichabod Crane's adventure with the " Galloping Hessian," so amusingly described by Irving, in his Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The scene is in ex- cellent keeping with the story — a death-like stillness reigns here, which is only disturbed by the low mur- muring of the mill-stream. Every person who wants a fitting book to amuse him on his trip up the Hudson, should make Irving's Sketch Booh his companion du voyage. Sing-Sing, 32 miles distant, is now in view, and from its elevated position presents an imposing aspect. Here is the State Prison, 444 feet in length, built of marble dug from the neighboring quarries. Opposite Sing- Sing, across Tappan Bay, which at this point is widest, is Verdritege's Hook, a bold headland, on the summit of which is a lake, the source of the Hackensack river. Groton Village is 3 miles farther, with i f s river which supplies New York with its water. The Croton Aque- duct and Reservoir are objects of great interest. These splendid works cost about $14,000,000. The fountain reservoir is 40 miles from New York. The dam built at this place is 25G fcet long, 70 wide at the base. On the western side is Hm&i <+raw, and 3 miles above it Stony Point, the site ot the historic fort of that name. Directly opposite is VerplanFs Point, also interesting for its historic associations. Peekskill is a romantic and picturesque place, and abounds with beautiful resi- dences. On the opposite shore is CaldwelVs Landing, which is at the base of the Dunderburg, or thunder- fountain. Passing on, we next see the small but pic- turesque Buttermilk Falls, about 200 feet in descent. West Point, distant 50 miles, is the next place of at- traction, and affords, doubtless, the most magnificent series of beautiful scenery in America. It is surround- ed with the Highlands, and commands from its great elevation an extensive and ever-varying succession of 136 THE HUDSON RIVER. picturesque aspects. The Military Academy is one of the noble institutions of the Government, and an object of great interest. The beautiful grounds attached are laid out with taste and elegance, and are much resorted to by visitors. The Hotel is an establishment of the first class, and excellent in all its appointments. The view from the observatory of this hotel is very exten- sive and imposing. Near the steamboat landing is seen the rock from which the chain was stretched across the river during the Revolutionary war. Almost every spot of ground at West Point has historic interest. Fort Clinton stood where the Academy is now. Fort Putnam, and most others, are now in ruins. Passing through the magnificent mountain range we reach Cold Spring and Under cliff, the residence of Gen. G. P. Morris. On the opposite side of the river, but invisible from the water, is Idlewild, the residence of N. P. Willis. The next prominent village is Fishkill, 60 miles distant, and here the mountain scenery is in all its grandeur ; but we soon pass to a different style of the picturesque. Newburg, on the opposite shore, noted as the head-quarters of Washington, is a large town, built on a steep acclivity. The next place of note is Poughkeepsie, also built on an eminence, and eminently picturesque. There are numerous minor vil- lages, along either shore, all the way on to Albany, the capital of the State ; but as the pleasure tourist may not possibly wish to extend his trip to 150 miles, we 6hall here respectfully part company. CITY OF NEW YORK. SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. Persons who, for the first time, visit a great city like that we have already briefly described, doubtless fancy themselves in a very Babel of excitement and confu- sion; and would gladly accept the services of some good cicerone, or guide, who could conduct them through its perplexing mazes, pointing out what there is to see, and how to see it. No city of the New World is so truly cosmopolitan in its character as New York ; consequently it presents an almost endless variety of objects of interest for the visitor. It is difficult to de- scribe its many-hued aspects, for it is, in fact, an epit- ome of the civilized world ; and the physical as well as the moral aspects of the city present a like compli- cated character. As the tour of the entire city would be a too ardu- ous performance for a pedestrian, we would advise the visitor to limit his perambulations to Broadway, from the Bowling Green to Union Square. Along this great promenade he will see enough to engage his attention for one day. Here are to be seen a long succession of splendid marble stores, churches, theatres, etc. Throughout the whole length of this great artery of the city, are to be seen the ebb and flow of a ceaseless tide of human beings, of every class and order; the belles and beaux of fashion, the busy devotees of toil, and the hapless ones who have not the will to work ; men who seek their illicit gains at the gaming-table, and who practise upon the unwary at mock auctions. Commencing, then, our journey up Broadway from the Bowling Green, the first noteworthy object we ob- serve is the hotel at the southwestern corner, formerly Kennedy House, described in the chapter on Historical Localities. Passing several rows of stone buildings, including AdanCs Express office, we reach Trinity 138 SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. Church, the metropolitan church, which, being opeD to visitors, should certainly claim our attention. Not only should the interior be seen, but we ought to ascend the lofty steeple to view the magnificent pano- rama it affords of the city and its suburbs. We ought also to take a saunter among the venerable memorials of the sainted dead, not forgetting the recently erected Gothic monument to the memory of the martyrs of our Revolutionary struggle. Leaving Trinity Church and looking down Wall street, immediately opposite, we catch a partial glimpse of the United States Treasury on the north side; and further down on the oppo- site side of the street, the Custom house, a huge, colossal granite structure, where importers do chiefly congregate. On the corner of Wall street and Broad- way stands the elegant edifice of the Bank of the Re- public, and at the junction of the next (Pine) street we see the Metropolitan Bank ; also, a superb marble building, occupied by Insurance Offices, &c. We now need Argus' hundred eyes to look about us; for not only is it a perilous thing to attempt to pass over from one side of the street to the other from the incessant crowding of all sorts of vehicles, but we are every moment in danger of being jostled or pushed aside by the still greater crowds of pedestrians, all eagerly in pursuit of something. There are some further demands made upon us, also, by the shops which invite our curi- osity by their novel and motley contents. We now reach the junction of Fulton street and Old St. Paul's Church, with its sacred inclosure, containing the tall monument of the patriot Ernmett, and the tombs of other celebrated characters. We pass on a few paces to the Astor House, the earliest establishment of its class, and still one of the most elegant of the larger hotels of the city. Here we see the Park, City Hall, the Times Office, and the Tribune building. The New York Herald building, on the corner of Ann street and Broadway, is the most elegant building in the country from which any paper is issued. It is built of CITY OF NEW YORK. 139 white marble. No person can pass up Broadway with* out noticing this magnificent edifice. The eye of the stranger is next attracted to the beautiful brown stone building on the corner of Park Place, occupied by the Broadway National Bank, In the intersecting streets to the west, between the Astor House and Stewart s, we catch a glimpse of long lines of splendid marble buildings, which give an imposing indication of the mercantile opulence of the city. Just opposite the new Court House we notice, at the junction of Chambers street and Broadway, Stewart's Dry Goods Palace, occupying an entire block on Broadway. This is the great emporium of costly shawls, silks, bro- cades, &c. It is now, however, devoted to the wholesale trade, the retail being removed to Stewart's new palace on Broadway, between Ninth and Tenth streets. Passing up Broadway we soon approach the site of the old New York Hospital, on which has been recently erected a beautiful row of stores. Opposite is a beautiful marble structure of Judge Whiting's, now occupied by Messrs. S. B. Chittenden & Co., the famous dry goods merchants. As we continue our up-town progress, we pass numerous other large buildings, including the most magnificent structure of the New York Life Insurance Company, which is situated on the corner of Leonard street and Broadway. This is the most perfect building, in every respect, devoted to Life Insurance, in the coun- try. We next observe, on the corner of Franklin street, the brown stone structure formerly occupied by the Mer- chant's Union Express Company. On the corner of White street Mr. Astor has erected a beautiful white marble building. This is one of the orna- ments of Broadway. On the opposite side the Ninth Na- tional Bank have just erected a beautiful white marble building. We now cross Canal street, which, until within a quar- ter of a century, formed the boundary limits of the city in this direction. Pursuing our tour toward Grand street, we notice on the west side a white marble structure re- 140 SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. cently erected. Above, on the east side, is a brown stone building occupied by Messrs. Cochran, McLean & Co., and opposite to it Lord & Taylor s dry -goods establishment, one of the most conspicuous architectural ornaments of Broadway. The next street en route we pass is Broome street, at the corner of which is the elegant iron building erected by Mr. Langdon. Further on, on the west side, stands the celebrated St. Nicholas hotel, extending to Spring street. On the opposite corner is the Prescott House, with its gorgeous dec* rations. The next import- ant edifice that we meet is Ball. Black & Co.'s jewelry store, which is a most magnificent building. Opposite to this is the Metropolitan Hotel and Niblo's TJieatre. Stil! farther up we cross Bleecker street and reach G47. This is known as Miller's bookstore. No stranger should come to New York without calling to inspect his fine stock of Books, Chromos, and Stationery. He furnishes mono- grams and stamps paper at the shortest notice, and is noted for the taste he displays in each. Just above Miller's bookstore stands the famous Grand Central Hotel. Broadway is proverbial for its incessant changes and improvements, but from Canal street to Grace Church these mutations will be found most con- spicuous to persons who have not visited the city for the past few years. Grace Church is regarded as the culmi- nating glory of Broadway. Its delicate spire and richly chiselled exterior, as well as its superb, though too gaudy interior, renders it the object of universal observation, On the opposite corner of Grace Church stands Stewart's iron dry-goods palace, occupying one whole square. On the corner of Eleventh street stands the Methodist Booh House. A short distance further up brings us to Union Square, with its inclosed pleasure-grounds and fountain. Ou either side are elegant mansions and hotels. At the north the Everett House meets our gaze, on the west Tif- fany's new iron building, aud on the southeast corner is the Equestrian Statue of Washington, with the Union Square Hotel, &c. From this point we catch a glimpse of the Academy of Music, on the corner of 14th street and CITY OF NEW YORK. 141 Irving Phce. Our peregrinations are not yet completed, The Fourth Avenue, which extends northward from the east side of Union Square, leads us to numerous objects of interest, such as Dr. Bellow's Church, a singular speci- men of medieval architecture, built with layers of different colored bricks, and cased with stone facings. Next comes Calvary Church, with its two pointed towers, built in the cathedral style, and Si. PauTs (Methodist) Church, of pure marble, are adjacent. We have before indicated that the .Fifth Avenue is the headquarters of New York aristoc- racy, and abounds with the sumptuous residences of ou. r merchant princes. This splendid avenue extends north- ward to the Harlem ' River, and the better mode of entering upon this expedition, is to hire a carriage and take a leisurely drive through this grand avenue nf>"to the Aqueduct and the Central Park. It would be well to adopt the same plan with the eastern part of the city, to the Shipping- Yards, Dry-Pocks, &c. Brook- lyn, which is virtually a part of New York, is by no means to be omitted, for it is replete with interest, and is easily accessible by means of the several ferries. The churches of both cities are fully detailed, for these form a characteristic feature, and well deserve the notice of the tourist. The several larger hotels are also specified, and those on a less expensive scale, which abound in New York, can be ascertained with- out difficulty. The visitor should not forget the manv beautiful environs of the city. APPENDIX. THE METROPOLITAN POLICE. The recently organized Department of Protective and Detective Police of New York is considered eminently effec- tive and successful. The heads of the Department, appointed by the Mayor of the City, comprise a Board of Commission- ers; Geo. W. Walling, General Superintendent ; andSethC. Hawley, Clerk, etc. By the last quarterly report, it ai">pears that the Police Force of the City of New York consists of thirty-seven Captains, one nundrcd and forty-one Sergeants, ninety-seven Roundsmen, eighty Detailments, two thousand two hundred and twenty-live Patrolmen, and sixty-five Doormen. The Police Telegraph has become an important auxiliary in the prevention and detection of crime, and also is a great convenience to the public. By this medium, several hundred lost children have been restored to their homes, and many thousand instances of criminals brought to justice. By the statistics submitted to the Board of Supervisors, it is shown that the most fertile source of crime is the dram- shop. There are in this city seven thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine places where intoxicating liquors are sold at retail. The police force of Brooklyn is organized on the same plan, and numbers in all two hundred and forty-eight. The City of New York is divided into thirty-five Precincts, the station-houses of which are situated as follows : 1* \> APPENDIX. 143 POLICE STATIONS. Commissioners' Office — 300 Mulberry street. First Precinct— station House, at 52 New street. Second Precinct— Station House, 49 Beekman street. Third Precinct— Station House, 160 Chambers street. Fourth Precinct— Station House, 9 Oak street. Fifth Precinct— Station House, 19 and 21 Leonard street. Sixth Precinct— Station House, 9 Franklin street. Seventh Precinct— Station House, 247 Madison street. Eighth Precinct— Station House, Prince, cor. Wooster street. Ninth Precinct— Station House, 94 Charles street. Tenth Precinct— Station House, 87 and 89 Eldridge street Eleventh Precinct— Station House, Union Market. Twelfth Precinct— Station House, 126th street, n. Third avenue. Thirteenth Precinct— Station House, Attorney, cor. Delancey st. Fourteenth Precinct— Station House, 53 Spring street. Fifteenth Precinct — Station House, 220 Mercer street. Sixteenth Precinct— Station House, W. Twentieth street, betwee. Seventh and Eighth avenues. Seventeenth Precinct— Station House, First avenue, cor. Fifth st. Eighteenth Precinct — Station House, E. Twenty-second street, neu Second avenue. Nineteenth Precinct — Station House, E. Fifty-ninth street, near Third avenue. Twentieth Precinct— Station House, 212 W. Thirty-fifth street. Twenty-first Precinct— Station House, E. Thirty-fifth street, neai Third avenue. Twenty-second Precinct— Station House, 547 W. Forty-seventh st. Twenty-third Precinct— Station House, E. Eighty-sixth street, near Fourth aveuue. Twenty -fourth Precinct — Police Steamboat, foot Whitehall street. Twenty-fifth Precinct — Station House, 301 Mott street. Twenty-sixth Precinct — City Hall. Twenty -seventh Precinct— Station House, cor. Liberty and Church streets. Twenty eighth Precinct — Station House, 550 Greenwich street. Twenty-ninth Precinct — Station House, W. Thirtieth street, be- tween Sixth and Seventh avenues. Thirtieth Precinct— Station House, One Hundred and Twenty- eighth street and Broadway. \Thirty-first Precinct— Station House, W. One Hundredth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues, i Thirty-second Precinct — Station House, One Hundred and Fifty second street, cor. Tenth avenue. \Thirty-third Precinct— Central Park Police. Thirty-fifth Precinct— Station House, 300 Mulberry street HOW TO LEAVE NEW YORK. For Philadelphia, via New Jersey R R T>~ Jersey City. ProtWL to *n Ta. oa( | wav f V_.-ce to the foot of Oortlandt street, and cross the ± ^ > d ^ •A cq i i; » ^ 5( T * i i e ^ c « ~~ ■- & * s. 1 1 • a. £ © » = * * a „ 2 1 * ft .*5 5 | □ e a w si © ? * s -'iii © ^ 8 L O U 5-1 ^. ft £ b *• s r* V O WEED Sewing Machine Co. EVERYBODY SHOULD EXAMLVE THE Weed $ewii\^ ^Iadh;i:qe$. The F." machine for family work has no equal. A CHILD CAN ROT IT, Because it is Simjile and runs Easy^ makes a Loch- stitch 9 and does not rip. The new u G.F." for manufacturing- is superior to any ever made. £raqcl\ Offices' ai\d S?gei\die$. 26 Union Square, - - Xew York. 18 Avon Street, - Boston. 53 North Charles Street, - - Baltimore. 1307 Chestnut Street, - - - Philadelphia. 182 Canal Street, - - New Orleans- 235 West 4th Street, - - - Cincinnati. 203 & 205 Wabash Avenue, - Chicago. And in all large towns and cities. KELLEY'S imafiire 5* 1. I purpose making work that is unsurpassed in the city at very low prices. 2. I remove all the freckles 3. I introduce and make all the popular styles of pic- tures now being made. 4. 1 make life size, copied from the smallest pictures, equally as good as taken from life. 5. My price for Rembrant Cabinet Cards, satin finish, is only $8 per dozen, such as other first-class galleries charge from $10 to $15. 6. Please call and examine specimens and satisfy your- self. 7. Remember at KELLEY'S No. 832 Broadway, EAST SIDE, Bet. 12th and 13th Sts. No. 832 Broadway, N. Y. , East Side, bet. 12tli and 13tli Sts. Porcelain Pictures and Photographs of all sizes finished in Superior Style, and Colored in Oil or Water Colors. Old Pictures Copied and Enlarged to any size and colored in Oil, Crayon, Pastel or Ink. All first-clas3 work at reduced rates. Life size Crayons a specialty. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S Steel Pens SOLD BY ALL DEALERS. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, 91 JOHN STREET, N. Y HENRY HOE, Sole Agent. a. A. KUNDAHL, BOOKBINDER, 416 Broome Street, N. Y., Would respectfully inform Publishers, Booksellers, and the Trade generally, that he is now prepared to execute JOB BOOKBINDING, and also for the Binding of Editions of a Book in Half and Full Calf; or Turkey Morocco, gilt or plain, and in antique styles. Rich and plain Half-bindings for Magazines, Music, &c Booksellers and others who desire work done in any of the above styles of Binding, would find it to their interest to call upon us, examine our work, and obtain an estimate of prices, before having the work executed elsewhere. E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., UNTIE "W" YORK, opposite Metropolitan Hotel, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS IN CBEOMOS, STEREOSCOPES AND VIEWS. ALBUMS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS, GRAPHOSCOPES. Magic Lanterns and Slides a Specialty ROBERT SNEIDER, MANUFACTURING AND IMPORTING STATIONER ENGRAVER, LITHOGRAPHER and PRINTER, Knvelope Manufacturer, 37 JOHN STREET, Near Nassau, XEW YORK. Letter, Note and Billheads. Crests, Monograms and Ciphers For Fine Note Papers and Envelopes. THE LARGEST VARIETY OF Fine Initial Boxes. Order's of ^cLTLcLrtg, ^ctclges^ jilenus. anil Winner 'Wards. W. J. MILLER & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Picture Frame Mouldings. WALNUT MOULDINGS, Veneered, Polished or Plain. prepared n^oxjii.iDinsra-s, Mounted, Sanded or Fluted. SQUARE & FRANKS MASK T@ @RBKR For the Trade only. Also all kinds of LOOKING-GLASS FRAME-WORK, Made of the best material, from new designs and of the best work- manship. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE LATEST STYLES OF J-/OOKING - JjrL&SS j^RA/AES Constantly on hand and furnished when required. Manufactory and. Office, 376 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, HENRY LEVY & SON, 122 & 124 DUANE STREET, Comer of Church, are now manufacturing a line of new pattern which, in conjunction with their Imported Goods, will con- stitute an assortment unequaled by any house in the United States. and a handsome line of Novelties in Leather, Wood, and Bronze, at HENRY LEVY & SON'S, 122 & 124 DUANE ST. HENRY LEVY & SON, Formerly of 49 MAIDEN JLAXE, having removed to 122 & 124 DUANE STREET, will open for the coming Fall season a line of Fancy M and Mel Articles. suited to the wants of Druggists, Jewelers, Stationers, and first-class NOTION and FANCY GOODS HOUSES. WRITING DESKS, FINE LEATHER GOODS, PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS, at Prices that will more than favorably compare with any other house. LOOK AT THE OTHER SIDE. Bt'okdway, (OPPOSITE METROPOLITAN HOTEL). First-class work at prices consistent with the times, and less than one-half the rates of those whc charge fancy prices. B87 Broadway, (Opposite Metropolitan Hotel.) NEW YORK. Hamilton Fire Insurance Co., Office, No. 11 Wall Street, NEW YORK. Assets, Capital, Surplus, $363,431 150,000 $213,4=31 INSURE AT LOWEST RAT ES. LOSSES PROMPTLY FAZD. D. D. WHITNEY, Pros' t. D. D. LEEDS, Sec'y. DIRECTORS, HENRY DAVID, CHARLES JENKINS, M. M. VAN BUREN, J. W. BROWN, EDWARD SCULLY, B. A. MAYEREAU, WILLIAM MILES, NELSON SAMMIS, JOSIAH M. WHITNEY, CLEMENT S. PARSONS, HAML'N BLYDENBURGH, DANIEL D. WHITNEY, ABRAM WAKEMAN, R. G. HATFIELD, CYRUS H. LOUTREL, ISRAEL C. LAWRENCE, BERNARD McFEELY, MERRITT H. SMITH, J. WINDMULLER, WM. H. MONTANYE, JOHN A. BAUSH, JAMES NEEVES, THOMAS WEBB, GEORGE C. JEFFERIES, NOAH A. CHILDS, JOHN M. BIX BY,, ANDREW J. BLEAKLEY, NICHOLAS SEAGRIST, DAVID MAHANY, JOHN ROMER, J. B. BLYDENBURGH, H. J. BARINGER. THE Iff OBI JVradtnt %tnmtMM ^omjiaug, OF HARTFORD, CONN. NEW YORK OFFICE : 352 BROADWAY. W. A, ARMSTRONG, Manager. Issue Monthly and Yearly Policies, and General Accident Tickets for the Day or Week, insuring payment of a principal sum in event of death by accident, and indemnity in case of disabling injuries. )AVII DAVID CLARK, R. D. HUBBARD, T. O. EXDERS. DIRECTORS. WM. A. HEALEY, CIIAS. E. WILSON, SAM'L L. CLEMENS, GEO. B. LESTER, SAM'L F. JONES, T. M. MALTBIE. WM. A. HEALEY, President. GEO. B. LESTER, Vice-President, L. H. BRAINARD, Secretary. DO NOT MISTAKE THE COMPANY. OP HARTFORD, CONN. J. G. BATTERSON, President. RODNEY DENNIS, Secretary. Cash Assets, $4,000,000. IS Illli Larger than any Company issuing Accident Policies in the United States and Larger than any Company in the world. The amount paid for losses to policy holders the past 12 years averages $750 per day. COST OF A YEARLY ACCIDENT POLICY, Amount Insured Weekly Indemnity. ANNUAL PREMIUM. Class Preferred. Class Ordinary. Class Medium. $1,000 2,000 3.000 5,000 10,000 $5 00 10 00 15 00 25 00 50 00 $5 00 10 00 15 00 25 00 50 00 $7 50 15 00 22 50 37 50 75 00 $10 00 20 00 30 00 50 00 Daily Insurance issued at 25 cents per day for $3,000 with weekly indemnity of $15 per week in case of disabling injury, New York Office, 207 Broadway. R. M. JOHNSON, Manager.