Master 
 
 negative 
 
 NO. 91-80055 
 
Min? 
 
 COLUMBIA UXIVTRSITY LIBRARIF^ \-'W YORK 
 
 44 
 
 as pan of the 
 Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Proiecf' 
 
 Funded b\ tu;,; 
 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT' FOJi THI: 1 lUMAVrT^S 
 
 Reprodu. in nia} not be made without permission from 
 
 v'r'lumbia b'niwrbiu Librar\ 
 
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 
 
 Tlie C(3p\Tight la^^^ of the United States ^- "iiUc 17, United 
 States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other 
 reproductions of copyrighted material. 
 
 Columbia University Library reserves the right to refuse lo 
 accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulffllment of the order 
 would involve \iolation of the copvrieht law 
 
AUTHOR: 
 
 GELLIUS, AULUS 
 
 TITLE : 
 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS 
 
 GELLIUS, 
 
 BEING ... 
 
 PLACE: 
 
 
 LONDON 
 
 • 
 
 DATE: 
 
 
 1888 
 
 
COLUM B I \ UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 I'RI:SHR\\AT-!ON i:)hrAl<l-Ml,NT 
 
 iliimO C RAJIH I C MIC I^ O FOR M T A R G E T 
 
 Master Negative # 
 
 Original Material as Filmed ■ i:\isting liibliographic Rere-id 
 
 Restnctions on l Ae: 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 37Gna 
 
 0E83 
 
 • • • '^ -^ ("1 ■ - 
 
 I • 
 
 u 
 
 1888 
 
 Gelliiis, Aulus. 
 
 • • . ' ' t ( I I'M '- f fi H'; A • 1 ! M f" P : 
 
 -• i^-fi^iMi.L MiinniUmi and .-o,. iirnitHd, 
 
 1^'^v,. n. If,. Xa; 
 
 XI. i:-j 
 
 Pl- I5J"-. (Klnnentarv clwrics) 
 
 \* .< 1 
 
 i -.1- 
 
 I ,\ ; 
 
 -^:13'- ' 'enrw;p f ier})ert, ed 
 
 12409/, 
 
 Vi 1 
 
 Lih 
 
 rnr\' '■.! V. ("triizrf sg 
 
 .;-1 
 
 I?- 
 
 i i >i3)H 
 
 Tl-ca i.NlCAI. MICROFORlsI I3ATA 
 
 ,.„ ', /- 
 
 FILM SIZE;.^ 
 
 IMAGE PLACEMENT; !A ;hA\ IB IIB 
 
 DATE FILMED: j;::;£_x:;f ^ INITIALS A- £. 
 
 FILMED BY RFSE ARC I i PliBLlClATK^NS. INC VVcX^I )BPjI)Ci:" (/ I 
 
 KFi)LAALli)N RATIO: jj 
 
c 
 
 mm 
 
 Association for Information and Image Management 
 
 1 1 00 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1 1 00 
 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 
 
 301/587-8202 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 A 
 
 Centimeter 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ii 11^ 
 
 Inches 
 
 4 
 
 iiiilii 
 
 1 
 
 liU 
 
 7 8 9 
 
 iiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiilii 
 
 TTT 
 
 10 
 
 11 12 13 
 
 iiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiii 
 
 I 
 
 T IT 
 
 14 15 mm 
 
 1.0 
 
 I. |2.8 
 
 ■ 43 
 
 ■Uteu 
 
 1.4 
 
 2.5 
 22 
 
 I.I 
 
 2.0 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 1.25 
 
 1 
 
 MflNUFfiCTURED TO fillM STPNDfiRDS 
 BY fiPPLIED IMfiGE, INC. 
 
^^^H 
 
 m 
 
 m..i^- 
 
 f^V-T t 
 
 H^^I^^^^^^S 
 
 
 IP*' .-■■ 
 
 " "" -f 
 
 
 
 ■f*- _ ' b 
 
 
 pTTvT 
 
 
 ..' 
 
 
 'i , . ■ » 
 
 
 
 
 "■ .1" - «^ 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 ■-, 'X.,,-..- 
 
 
 
 
 ,. , *} m;- - 
 
 
 
 
 . f >" - - ■"- - 
 
 
 — 
 
 ' 
 
 v->". • 
 
 
 • • 
 
 ' ' • > 
 
 p ■ •- ' - 
 
 
 
 1- 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 ' 
 
 *" 
 
 - 
 
 '" , 
 
 " -.*- ' 
 
 
 
 
 " T 1 - 
 
 1 
 
 ' 
 
 - 
 
 ^ -a' 
 
 
 
 
 - 1 ^ '■ 
 
 _ 
 
 J 
 
 
 S J 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 *. - J * 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ T 
 
 
 
 1 -■ ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C i!^-*^ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 ' 
 
 ^••l .,. 
 
 t- 
 
 - ' -' 
 
 
 » 
 
 * ' 
 
 
 f 
 
 _^ 
 
 
 
 -_ ' ^ 
 
 ~ ' 
 
 
 1 ^ ' 
 
 
 * 1 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 - 
 
 * 
 
 "5 
 
 . 
 
 
 ■^^^ ,* 
 
 ^^rt 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -i. «i . 
 
 
 
 
 . i^ ' 
 
 
 
 
 ^.> 
 
 
 
 
 r -* . 
 
 
 
 
 , !-K 
 
 
 
 
 menfar^D ®la00xx:j5 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 I 
 
 "^ 
 
 i^gi? 
 
 u 
 
 Q L. L. I u \j 
 
 CITED STORIES 
 
 i^l ALL 
 
 I '? 
 
 A 
 
 i 
 
 8 
 
 ) i 
 
87G128 
 
 0E88 
 
 in the Cittj of l^cxu ^ovh 
 
 l^ibvavy 
 
 GIVEN BY 
 
 Dr. i hos, 1—. Stedm^-n. 
 
 b H>(waft ."■&.% A'. "j«- ■■"--" '-'^ "I'Mifiniii'- -^ *■- '- " -■-'"■■' 
 
 UHttJ^JkmASj^i^maa m f JLj ■ ^ ■ ll^ « — I^KJI|>J<< 
 
 (ku . arg Classics. 
 
 STORIES FROM 
 
 AULUS GELLIUS, 
 
 BEING SELECTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS FROM THE 
 
 NOCTES ATTICAE, 
 
 EDITED WITH NOTES EXERCISES AND VOCABULARIES FOR 
 THE USE OF 10 WER FORMS 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. G. H. NALL, M.A, 
 
 ASSISTANT MASTER AT WESTMINSTER SCHOOL. 
 
 MACMILLAN AND CO., 
 
 AND NEW YORK. 
 
 1888. 
 
 [AU rights raerved.] 
 

 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 ">'} 
 
 
 4 
 
 CD 
 CD 
 
 C~^ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 It is hoped that tliis series of short stories from A. 
 Gellius may serve as a pleasant change to young boys 
 after a course of Cornelius Nepos, Eutropius, etc. 
 The language of the original has been simplified in 
 ^arts, and some rare or late words and constructions cut 
 out. The Notes have been made, with few exceptions, 
 as short as possible ; a few more lengthy digressions, 
 such as those upon the ablative absolute and the 
 gerundial constructions, will need no apology, if they 
 succeed in leading boys to think out for themselves 
 the difficulties which these constructions present. Some 
 simple Exercises have been added at the request of 
 the Publishers, and for these an English-Latin Voca- 
 bulary has been compiled. In this Vocabulary the 
 words are arranged in alphabetical order, since the 
 Exercises are intended principally for viva voce drill in 
 form and the Editor's experience does not confirm the 
 
 CD 
 
 ?7R255 
 
VI 
 
 rUEFACE. 
 
 theory of some Editors, that a boy's knowledge of a 
 language is increased in proportion to the time that 
 he spends in hunting for words that he does not 
 know; he considers that the "paragraph" vocabu- 
 
 * 
 
 lary makes the lazy boy take refuge in guessing, 
 whilst it wastes the time of the industrious boy. 
 
 The Editor acknowledges his obligations to the 
 Latin Grammars of Dr. Kennedy and Mr. Tioby, 
 and to Dr. Smith's Dictionaries of Biography and 
 Antiquities, and to similar works which lie at every 
 schoolmaster's elljow. 
 
 \ 
 
 I'' 
 
 t, 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface, v 
 
 Life of Aulus Gelliiis ix 
 
 Text of the "Stories from A uliis Gellius," . , . 1 
 
 Notes on the Text, ........ 33 
 
 Exercises, 75 
 
 Latiii-Knglisli Vocabulary, ...... 98 
 
 English-Latin Vocabulary, 137 
 
 Table showing tlie order of the "Stories" compared 
 
 with the Books of the *' Noctes Atticae," . . 147 
 
 Index to Notes, 148 
 
 Index to Proper Names. ....... 152 
 
 I 
 

 
 ( 
 
 AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 Nothing is known about tlie life of A. Gellius 
 beyond what can be gathered from occasional hints 
 in liis own writings; it has even been disputed 
 whether his name was Agellius or A. Gellius. Pro- 
 bably he was a Koman by birth, of good family and 
 connections. He seems to have spent his early years 
 at Rome, studying under the celebrated teachers, 
 Sulpicius Apollinaris, T. Castricius, and Antonius 
 Julianus (cf xxxiv. 1) : to have continued his studies 
 at Athens, where he lived on terms of familiarity 
 with Herodes Atticus, Calvisius Taurus, Peregrinus 
 Proteus, and other famous philosophers of that day: 
 and after the lapse of many years to have returned to 
 Rome, and devoted the remaining years of his life to 
 literary pursuits and the society of a large circle of 
 friends. The dates of his birth and death are un- 
 known, but from the names of his teachers and 
 friends it is certain that he lived during the reigns of 
 Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, 
 117-180 A.D. 
 
 ix 
 
X JUL us GELLIUS. 
 
 The only work of A. Gellius that has reached 
 us, possibly the only one that he wrote, is the 
 "Noctes Atticae," so called because it was begun 
 during the long nights of winter in a country 
 house in Attica (longinquis per hiemen nodibus in 
 agro terrae Atticae). It consists of numerous ox- 
 tracts from Greek and Roman writers on subjects 
 connected with history, philosophy, philology, and 
 antiquities, illustrated by abundant criticisms and 
 discussions. These extracts are thrown together 
 without any attempt at order or arrangement, and 
 divided into twenty books. He had been accustomed 
 whilst reading, he says, to make notes upon anything 
 which struck him as worth remembering. These 
 notes he embodied with little change in his work, in 
 the same haphazard order in which they had been 
 made (im autem sumvs ordiiie rerum fortuito qiuvi antea 
 in ezcerpendo ftceramns). 
 
 Naturally the various parts of such a * Miscellany ' 
 vary greatly in quality. Some portions of it are 
 highly valuable and interesting. For instance, many 
 quotations are preserved from ancient authors whose 
 works have perished, some of which throw light upon 
 questions of constitutional and antiquarian interest, 
 which would otherwise have remained obscure ; many 
 literary and historical anecdotes are given which are 
 valuable in themselves; and some important gram- 
 matical usages and theories are noted. But the 
 
 aulus gellius. 
 
 XI 
 
 author's appetite was omnivorous. He is as eager to 
 tell the story of a marvellous African serpent, 120 
 feet in length, whose destruction required the utmost 
 efforts of a whole Roman army, with their ballistae and 
 catapultcie (magna totius exercitus cmflidione, ballistis 
 atque catapuUis diu oppugnatum.—N. A. vii. 3), or to 
 discuss some absurd etymology, such as that of 
 avarus from aiidus aeris, as to preserve some really 
 valuable detail of senatorial procedure, or record the 
 use and origin of obscure constitutional phrases. His 
 own criticisms, moreover, are as a rule worthless, and 
 his translations are feeble ; but in spite of all these 
 defects his work is exceedingly interesting, and we 
 could ill afford to lose it. 
 
 His Latin style shows the defects of his age, an age 
 in which the Romans had ceased to feel the full 
 meaning of the words which they used, and en- 
 deavoured to gain emphasis by employing obscure 
 phrases and unnatural turns of expression. But 
 these peculiarities are even more noticeable in the 
 writings of his contemporaries. 
 
2 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 III. The Palm Thee. 
 
 The palm has been made the emblem of victory, because its wood 
 does not yield, when heavy weights are placed upon it. 
 
 Rem hercle mirandam Aristoteles et Plutarchus 
 dicunt. " Si super palmae arboris lignum " inquiunt 
 "magna pondeva imponis, non deorsum palma cedit 
 nee Fntra tlectitur, sed adversus pondus resurgit et 
 S sursum recurvatur ; propterea in certaminibus palma 
 signum victoriae facta est, quonium urgentibus oppri- 
 mentibusque uon cedit." 
 
 IV. Socrates and His Wife. 
 
 Socrates, when aAed why he endured his quarrehome wife, replied 
 that to bear her temper was good discipline. 
 
 Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, admodum 
 morosa et litigiosa fuisse fertur, irisque muliebribus 
 per diem perque noctem scatebat. Quam rem in 
 maritum Socraten Alcibiades demiratus, "Cur mu- 
 Slierem" inquit " tam acerbam domo non exigisT' 
 "Quoniam,"respondit Socrates, "cum illam domi talem 
 perpetior, insuesco et exerceor, ut ceterorum quoque 
 foris petulantiam et iniuriam fiicilius feram." 
 
 V. The Self-Discipline of Socrates. 
 
 Son-ates used to train himself to bear fatigue by standing motion- 
 less for twenty-four hours at a time. His health was ahvays perfect.^ 
 
 Inter labores voluntarios corporis firmandi causa 
 id quoque accepimus Socraten facere insuevisse : 
 
 f 
 
 STORIES FROM AVLUS GELLIUS. 3 
 
 stabat per diem perque noctem a lucis ortu ad solem 
 alterum orientem immobilis, iisdem in vestigiis, et ore 
 atque oculis eundem in locum directis, cogitans, tam- 5 
 quam quodam secessu mentis atque animi facto a 
 
 corpore. 
 
 Temperantia quoque tanta fuisse traditus est, ut 
 omnem fere vitam valitudine integra vixerit. In ea 
 etiam pestilentia, quae in belli Peloponnensiaci prin- 10 
 cipiis Atheniensium civitatem depopulata est, dicitur 
 vi^'orem corporis retinuisse. 
 
 VI. Alexander and P>ucephalas. 
 
 How Alexander obtained his famous charger Bucephalas, how it 
 saved his life in battle, and how the King shoxced his gratitude. 
 
 Equus Alexandri regis nomine Bucephalas fuit. 
 Emptum Chares scripsit tulentis tredecim et regi 
 Philippo donatum; hoc autem aeris nostri summa 
 est sestertia trecenta duodecim. De hoc equo haec me- 
 moria digna accepimus. Ubi ornatus erat armatusque 
 ad proelium, baud umquam inscendi sese ab alio, nisi 
 ab rege passus est. Bello Indico cum insidens in eo 
 Alexander facinora fuceret fortia, in hostium cuneum, 
 non satis sibi providens, inmisit. Coniectis undique 
 in Alexandrum telis, vulneribus altis in cervice atque 10 
 in latere equus perfossus est. Moribundus tamen ac 
 prope iam exanguis e mediis hostibus regem citato 
 cursu retulit atque, ubi eum extra tela extulerat, ilico 
 concidit et, domini iam superstitis securus, animam 
 
4 STORIES FROM A ULUS GELLIUS, 
 
 15 expiravit. Turn rex Alexander, parta eius belli 
 victoria, oppidum in iisdem locis condidit idque ob 
 equi bonores Buceplialon appellavit. 
 
 VII. Alcibiades and the Pipes. 
 
 Alcihiades, when a boff, refused to learn to play the pipts, because 
 they distorted the players mouth. 
 
 Alcibiades Atbeniensis apud avunculum Periclen 
 educatus est, qui artibus ac disciplinis liberalibus 
 puernm docendum curavit. Inter alios magistros 
 tibicinem arcessi iussit, ut eum canere tibiis doceret, 
 5 quod honestissimum turn videbatur. Traditas sibi 
 tibias Alcibiades ad os adhibuit infiavitque ; sed ubi 
 oris deformitatem vidit, abiecit infregitque. Cum ea 
 res percrebuisset, omnium turn Atheniensium con- 
 sensu disciplina tibiis canendi desita est. 
 
 YIII. Fabiiicius and the Samnite Gold. 
 
 Fahrkius refused rich presents, which the Samnites offered Iiitn, 
 sayimj that, while he retained command over his senses, he had all 
 that he netded. 
 
 Le^ati a SamnitiV)Us ad C. Fabricium, imperatorem 
 populi Romani, venerunt et, memoratis multis mag- 
 nisque rebus, quae bene post reddituni pacem Samni- 
 tibus fecisset, dono grandem pecuniani obtulerunt. 
 5 " Quae facimus " Samnites inquiunt, " quod multa ad 
 splendorem domus atque victus defieri videmus.'* 
 Turn Fabricius manus ab anribus ad oculos et infra 
 
 STORIES FROM A UL US GELLIUS. 5 
 
 deinceps ad nares et ad os et ad gulam deduxit, et 
 legatis ita respondit : " Dum his omnibus membris, 
 quae attigi, imperare possum, numquam quicquam 10 
 mihi deerit ; quamobrem banc pecuniani, qua nihil 
 mihi est usus, a vobis, qui ea uti scitis, non accipio." 
 
 IX. Hannibal's Jest. 
 
 Antiochus, proud of his army, asked Hannibal if they were 
 * enough foi' the Romans.' ' Quite enough,' replied Hannibal, * how- 
 ever greedy the Romans are.' 
 
 Antiochus ostendebat Hannibali in campo copias 
 ingentis, quas bellum populo Romano facturus com- 
 paraverat, convertebatque exercitum insi-nibus ar- 
 genteis et aureis micantem ; inducebat etium currus 
 cum. falcibus et elephantos cum turribus equitatunKpie 5 
 frenis, ephippiis, monilibus, phaleris fulgentem. Atque 
 ibi rex Hannibalem aspicit et '• Putasne " inquit " satis 
 esse Romanis haec omnia ? " Tum Poenus, eludens 
 iL'naviam militum eius tam pretiose armatorum, "Satis, 
 plane satis esse credo Romanis haec omnia, etiamsi 10 
 avarissimi sunt." 
 
 X. The Death of Milo. 
 
 Milo, when enfeebled by age, tried to tear a tree open, but the loood 
 closed on his hands and he perished miserably. 
 
 Milo Crotoniensis, athleta inlustris, exitum habuit 
 e vita miserandum et mirandum. Cum iam natu 
 grandis artem athleticam desisset iterque faceret forte 
 
6 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 solus in locis Italiac silvestribus,quercum vidit proxime 
 5 viam rimis in parte media hiantem. Turn experiri 
 etiam tunc volens, an uUae sibi vires adessent, 
 inmissis in cavernas arboris digitis, diducere et re- 
 scindere quercum conatus est. Ac mediam quideni 
 partem discidit divellitque ; quercus autem in duas 
 lo diducta partis, cum ille manus laxasset, rediit in 
 naturam, manibusque eius retentis inclusisque dilacer- 
 andum homincm feris praebuit. 
 
 XI. A Hoax: — The Stouv of rAPiiiius 
 Pkaetextatus. 
 
 The yoiuKj Papirhis, pressed by his mother to renal the secret pro- 
 ceedinys of the Semite, told her that they had debated whether it was 
 better for one husband to have two wires, or one wife tioo husbands. 
 
 Mos antea senatoribus Romae fuit, in curiam 
 cum praetextatis filiis introire. Forte res maior 
 quaepiam consultata et in diem posterum prulata est, 
 placuitque ut earn rem ne quis enuntiaret, priusquam 
 5 decreta esset. Scd mater Papirii pueri, qui cum patre 
 suo in curia fuerat, percontata est filium, <|uidnam in 
 senatu patres egissent. Puer respondit tacendum 
 esse neque id dici licere. Mulier autem fit audiendi 
 cupidior, ac tandem puer matre urgente lepidi men- 
 10 dacii consilium capit. Actum in senatu dixit, utrum 
 videretur utilius exque republica esse, unusne ut duas 
 uxores haberet, an ut una duobus nupta esset. 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS CELLIUS. 7 
 XII. The PiESULT of the Hoax. 
 
 The consternation of the Roman Matrons, the bewilderment of the 
 Senators, the confession of Papirius, and the reward for his discre- 
 tion. 
 
 Ubi ilia hoc audivit, domo trepidans egreditur, ad 
 ceteras matronas se adfert. Pervenit ad senatum 
 postridie matrum familias caterva. Lacrimantes atque 
 obsecrantes orant, ut una potius duobus nupta fieret 
 quam ut duae uni. Senatores in curiam ingredientes c 
 mirabantur, quae ilia mulierum insania et quid sibi 
 postulatio istaec vellet. Puer Papirius in medium 
 curiae progressus, quid mater audire institisset, quid 
 ii)se matri dixisset, denarrat. Senatus fidem atque 
 ingenium pueri laudat et consultum facit, uti postliac lo 
 pueri cum patribus in curiam ne introeant, praeter 
 ilium unum Papirium, cui postea cognomen honoris 
 irratiii <latum *• Praetextatus." 
 
 XIII. SEUToraus. 
 
 The extraordinary irjiucncc that Sertorius exercised over the minds 
 of his soldiers, and the means by tchich he maintained this influence. 
 
 Sertorius, vir acer egrcgiu.scjue dux, et utendi et 
 regendi exercitus peritus fuit. Is in temporibus 
 difficillimis et mentiebatur ad milites, si mendacium 
 prodesset, et litteras compositas pro veris legebat, et 
 somnium simulabat, et falsas religiones conferebat, si 5 
 quid istae res eum apud militum animos adiuvabant. 
 Hacc hominum barbarorum credulitas Sertorio in 
 
8 STOlilES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 uiaf'nis rebus macrno nsui fuit. Memoria prodita est, 
 neminem umquam ex his nationibus, quae cum Ser- 
 10 torio faciebant, cum multis proeliis superatus esset, 
 ab eo descivisse, quamquam id genus hominum esset 
 mobilissimum. 
 
 XIV. Sektorius and the Doe. 
 
 Sertorius pretended that divine rei'elations were made to 1dm 
 through a \chite doe. This doe once ran awat/, but loaa soon found 
 again. The use which Sertorius made of this incident. 
 
 Huic Sertorio cerva alba eximiae pulchritudinis et 
 celeritatis a Lusitano quodam doiio data est. Hanc 
 persuasit omnibus, oblatam sibi divinitus et instinctam 
 Dianae numine, conloqui secum et monere et docere, 
 
 5 quae utilia i\ictu essent, ac, si (juid durius videl)atur, 
 quod impevandum militi))us foret, a cerva sese moni- 
 tum praedicabat. Id cum dixerat, universi, tamquam 
 si deo, libentes ei parebant. Ea cerva quodam die, cum 
 incursio hostium esset nuntiata, tunuiltu constemata 
 
 ID in fugam se proripuit atcpie in palude proxima delituit, 
 et postea requisita periisse credita est. Neque multis 
 diebus post inventam esse cervani Sertorio nuntiatur. 
 Turn eum qui nuntiaverat iussit tacere ac, ne cui palam 
 diceret, intcrminatus est praeccpitcpie, ut earn postoro 
 
 15 die repente in eum locum, in quo ipse cum amicis 
 esset. inmitteret. Admissis deinde amicis postridie, 
 cervam ait, ([uao periisset, visam esse in quietc 
 ad se rovcrti et, ut prius consuorat, quod opus esset 
 
 STOIUES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 9 
 
 facto pracdicerc ; tum servo quod imperaverat signifi- 
 cat, cerva emissa in cubiculum Sertorii introrupit, 20 
 clamor factus et orta admiratio est. 
 
 XV. Tarquin and the Sidyllixe Books. 
 
 A Sibyl offered to sell King Tarqnin nine books for a large sum. 
 On his scornful refusal she burnt three, and offered the remaining six 
 for the same sum^ but he again refused. She burnt three more and 
 offired the remaining three for the same sum : these the King bought 
 and deposited in the ' Saa^isty.^ 
 
 In antiquis annalibus hacc mcmoria dc lil)ris Sibyl- 
 linis prodita est : Anus hospita atque incognita ad 
 Tanpiinium Superbum rcgem adiit, novcm libros 
 ferens, quos divina oracula esse dicebat; eos vellc 
 vendere. Tarquinius pretium percontatus est. Mulier ^ 
 nimium atque inmensum i)oposcit : rex, quasi anus 
 aetate desiperet, derisit. Tum ilia foculum coram cum 
 igni apponit, tris libros ex novem deurit et, ecquid 
 reliquos sex eodem pretio cmerc vellet, regem inter- 
 rogavit Sed enim Tar<piinius id multo magis risit, 10 
 dixitque anum iam procul duluo delirare. Mulier 
 i])idem statim tris alios liln'os exussit atque id ipsum 
 denuo placide rogat, ut tris reliquos eodem illo pretio 
 emat. Tarquiiuis ore iam serio atque attentiore 
 animo fit, cam constantiam confidentiamquc non con- 15 
 temnendam intellegit, libros tris reliquos mercatur 
 nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro 
 omnibus. Sed ea mulier tunc a Tanpiinio digressa 
 postea nusquam loci visa est. Libri trcs, in sacrarium 
 
10 STOUIES FROM ATLUS GELLIUS. 
 
 20 conditi, " Sibyllini " appellati ; ad cos quasi ad oracu- 
 luin (luindecimviri adeunt, cum di immortales publice 
 consulendi sunt. 
 
 XVI. SciPio x\fktcanus Impeached : His 
 
 Answer. 
 
 Scipio was accused of harivff received bribes from Autiochm. 
 Scornimj to answer such a charge, he reminded the people that this 
 was the annicersanj of his {/real victory at Zama, and called upon 
 them to follow him to the Capitol and there return thanks to the gods. 
 
 IVI. Xaevius tribiuius plebis accusavit Scipionem ad 
 populuni, dixitque eum accepisse a rege Antiocho 
 pecuniam, ut condicionibus mollibus pax cum eo 
 populi Komani nomine fieret, et quaedam item alia 
 
 5 indigna tali viro addi«lit. Tum Scipio pauca prae- 
 fatus, quae dignitas vitae suae at(pie gloria postulal)at, 
 "Memoria" inciuit, '' (^)ui rites, repeto, diem esse 
 hodiernum, (luo Hannibalem Poenum, imperio vestro 
 inimicissimum, magno pioelio in terra Africa vici, 
 
 10 pacemque et victoriam vobis peperi praeclaram. Non 
 igitur simus adversum deos ingrati et, censeo, re- 
 linquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus liinc protinus lovi 
 optimo maximo gratulatum." Id cum dixisset, avertit 
 et ire ad Capitolium coepit. Tum coutio universa, 
 
 15 quae ad sententiam de Scipione ferendam convenerat, 
 relicto tribuno Scipionem in Capitolium comitata, 
 atque inde ad aedes eius cum laetitia et gratulatione 
 soUemni prosecuta est. 
 
 STOUIES FllOM JUL US GELLIUS. 11 
 
 o 
 
 XVII. Scipio Afkicanus: Another 
 Impeachment. 
 
 Scipio on another occasion was accused of embezzling the money 
 paid by Antiochus as a rear indemnity : he answered the charge by 
 tearing his accounts in pieces before the eyes of the Senators. 
 
 Item aliud est factum eius praeclarum. Petilii 
 quidam tribuni plebis a M., ut aiunt, Catone, inimico 
 Scipionis, comparati in eum atque iinnissi, desidera- 
 bant in senatu, ut pecuniae Antiochinae i)raedaeque 
 in eo bello captae rationem redderet : fuerat enim L. 
 Scipioni Asiatico, fratri suo, imperatori in ed provincia 
 legatus. Ibi Scipio cxurgit et, prolato e sinu togae 
 libro, rationes in eo scriptas esse dixit omnis pecuniae 
 omnisque praedae ; allatum, ut palam recitaretur et 
 ad aerarium deferretur. "Sed enim id iam non 
 faciam " inquit, " nee me ipse afficiam contumelia," 
 eumque librum statim coram discidit suis manibus, 
 aegre passus, quod, cni salus imperii ac reipublicae 
 accepta referri deberet, ab eo ratio praedae posceretur. 
 
 XVIII. Scipio Africanus and the CIods. 
 
 Scipio believed that he «'«« a special favourite ofthegotls : before 
 entering on any important work he used to spend hours of quiet 
 meditation in the temple on the Capitol. A story is given showing 
 his power of foreseeing the future. 
 
 Id etiam dicere haut piget, quod ii, qui de vita et 
 rebus Africani scripserunt, litteris mandaverunt. 
 Solitus est ncnctis extrcmo ante primam lucem in 
 Capitolium ventitare ac iubere aperiri cellam lovis, 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
12 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 r atque ibi solus diu Jemorari, quasi consultans de 
 republica cum love. Aeditumi eius templi saepe 
 adniirati, (piod in cum solum id tcmi)oris in Capitoli- 
 um ingredientem canes, semper in alios saevientes, 
 neque latrarent neque incurrerent. Has volgi do 
 
 10 Scipione opiniones confirmare atque approbare vide- 
 bantur dicta factafpie eius pleraque admiranda. Ex 
 quibus est uiuim huiuscemodi. Assidel)at oppugna- 
 batque oppidum in Hispania situm, moenibus defen- 
 soribusque validum et munitum, . re etiam cibaria 
 
 15 copiosum, nullaque eius potiundi spes erat. Quodam 
 die ius in castris sedens dicebat, atque ex eo loco id 
 oppidum })iocul visebatur. Tum quispiam e militi- 
 bus,qui in iure ajjud eum stabant, interrogavit ex more, 
 in quern diem locumque vadimonium promitti iuberet : 
 
 20 et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, 
 arcem protendens, perendie sese sistere illo in loco 
 iussit. Atque ita factum : die tertio, in (|uem vadari 
 iusserat, oppidum captum est eodemque eo die in arce 
 eius oppidi ius dixit. 
 
 XIX. Duty and Fkiendship. 
 
 How a man, token trying a frknd who w<ts fjniUtj, succeeded in 
 reconciling the claims of dutt/ and of friendship, h/ himself voting for 
 condemnation, hut persuading Ids fellow indices to vote for acquittid. 
 
 Super amici capite index cum duobus aliis fui. Ita 
 lex fuit, uti eum hominem condemnari necesse esset. 
 Aut amico igitur caput perdendum aut adhil)enda 
 fraus Ici^i fuit. Multa cum animo meo ad casum tarn 
 
 . STORIES FROM A ULUS GELLIUS, 13 
 
 ancipitem medendum consultavi ; tandem hoc, quod 5 
 feci, visum est optimum. Ipse tacitus ad condemnan- 
 dum sententiam tuli, iis qui simul iudicabant, ut absol- 
 verent, persuasi. Sic mihi et iudicis et amici officium 
 in re tanta salvum fuit. 
 
 XX. Avoid Obsolete Language. 
 
 Favorinus rebuked a young man, wfio affected the use of airlmic 
 language, by telling him to hold his tongue altogether if he did not 
 wish to be understood : if he admired the purity of the good old times 
 he should imitate their ways, not their words. 
 
 Favorinus philosophus adulescenti, veterum ver- 
 })orum cupidissimo et plerasque voces nimis priscas et 
 ignotas in cotidianis sermonibus expromenti, '' Curius" 
 inquit " et Fabricius et Coruncanius, antiquissimi viri, 
 et his antiquiores Horatii illi trigemini plane ac 5 
 dilucide cum suis locuti sunt, neque Auruncorum aut 
 Sicanorum aut Pelasgorum, qui primi coluisse Italiam 
 dicuntur, sed aetatis suae verbis usi sunt ; tu autem, 
 proinde quasi cum matre Euandri nunc loquare, ser- 
 mone abhinc multis annis iam desito uteris, quod 10 
 neminem vis scire atque intellegere quae dicas. Nonne, 
 homo inei)te, ut quod vis abunde consequaris, taces *? 
 Sed antiquitatem tibi placere ais, quod honesta et 
 bona et sobria et modesta sit. Vive ergo moribus 
 praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus : atque id, 15 
 quod a C. Caesare scriptum est, habe semper in 
 memoria atque in pectore, ut tamquam scopulum 
 sic fugias insolens verbum." 
 
14 STOniES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 XXI. TORQUATUS AND THE GaUL : TlIE 
 
 Ciiallengp:. 
 
 In one of the strvfuihs hetween the Romans and the Gauh in 361 
 B.C. a f/itfantic Gaul clialltmjed the Jiomans to send out a champion 
 to meet hiin : all held lack except the youwj T. ManUas. 
 
 Titus Manlius summo loco natus fuit. Ei cogno- 
 men factum est Torquatus. Causa cognomenti fuisse 
 dicitur torquis, quam ex lioste, quem occiderat, detrac- 
 tam induit. Quis hostis fuerit et (jualis pugna ita 
 5 accepimus. 
 
 Galli contra Romanos pugnabant, cum interim Gal- 
 lus cpii'lani nudus praeter scutum et gladios duos, tor- 
 que atque armillis decoratus, qui et viribus et magni- 
 tudiiie et adulescentia et virtute ceteros praestabat, 
 
 lo processit et manu significare coepit utrisque, ut quie- 
 scerent. Extemplo silentio facto voce maxima concla- 
 mat, si quis secum depugnare vellet, uti prodirct. 
 Nemo audebat propter magnitudinem atque inmanem 
 faciem. Deinde Gallus inridere coepit atque linguam 
 
 15 exertare. Doluit Titus Manlius, tantum flagitium 
 civitati adcidere, e tanto exercitu neminem prodire. 
 Processit ipse scuto pedestri et gladio Ilispanico cinc- 
 tus et contra Galium constitit. 
 
 XXll. TOKQUATUS AND THE GaUL : TlIE BATTLE. 
 
 In the stniff(/k' which followed Manlius disconcerted the Gaul by 
 suddenli/ with Iiia shield dashing him lack from his posture of defence; 
 he then came to close quarters with the Gaul, and slew him. He 
 
 ^ 
 
 STOniES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 15 
 
 put on his own 7uck the necklace which the Gaul had worn ; hence 
 he was named Torquatus. This same Manlius executed his son for 
 disobeying orders and slaying an enemy who had challenged him. 
 
 Metu magno ea congressio in ipso ponte, utroque 
 exercitu inspectante, facta est. Constitit Gallus sua 
 disci plina scuto proiecto cunctabundus; Manlius, animo 
 magis quam arte confisus, scuto scutum percussit atque 
 statum Galli conturbavit. Dum se Gallus iterum eodem 5 
 pacto constituere studet, Manlius iterum scuto scutum 
 percutit atque de loco hominem iterum deiecit; eo pac- 
 to ei sub Gallicum gladium successit atque Hispanico 
 pectus hausit; deinde continuo umerum dextrum in- 
 cidit neque recessit usquam, donee subvertit. Ubi eum 10 
 evertit, caput praecidit, torquem detraxit eamque 
 sanguinulentam sibi in collum inponit. Quo ex facto 
 ipse posterique eius Torquati siuit cognominati. 
 
 Ab hoc Tito Manlio imperia et aspera et immitia 
 Manlia dicta sunt, quoniam postea,cum belloadversum 15 
 Latinos csset consul, filium suum securi percussit, qui 
 speculatum ab eo missus, pugna interdicta, hostem, a 
 quo provocatus fuerat, occiderat. 
 
 XXIII. Valeuius CoRViNus : — The Okigin of 
 
 His Xame. 
 
 On another occasion the young Valerius accepted the challenge of a 
 gigantic Gaul. During the fight a raven aided the Roman by at- 
 tacking his enemy with Us talons; thus helped Valerius slew the 
 Gaul, and received the name of Corvinus. 
 
 Copiae Gallorum ingentes agrum Pomptinum i\\- 
 
16 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 sederant iiistriiel)antiirque acies a consulibus. Dux 
 interea Gallorum, vasta proceritate armis(iue auro 
 praefulgentibus, manu telum vibraiis incedebat perqiie 
 5 contemptum et superbiam circumspicit despicitque 
 omnia, et venire iubet et congredi, si qiiis pugnare 
 secum ex omni Komano cxercitu auderet. Turn 
 Valerius adulescens, tribunus iam militaris, ceteris 
 inter metum pudoremque amlnguis, inipetrat a con- 
 
 lo sulibus, ut in Galium pugnare sese permitterent, et 
 progrcditur intrepidus obviam. Et congrediuntur et 
 consistunt et conserebantur iam manus. Atque ibi 
 vis quaedam divina fit : corvus repente advolat et 
 super galeam tribuni insistit atque inde in adversarii 
 
 15 OS atque oculos pugnare incii)it, eius manum unguibus 
 laniabat atque, ubi satis saevicrat, revolabat in galeam 
 tribuni. Sic tribunus, spcctante utroque exercitu, et 
 sua virtute nixus et openi alitis adiutus, ducem hostium 
 ferocissimum vieit interfecitciuc, atque ob banc causam 
 
 20 cognomen habuit Corvinum. 
 
 Statuam Cor vino isti divus Augustus in foro suo 
 statuendam curavit. In eius statuae capite corvi 
 simulacrum est, rei pugnaeque, quam diximus, moni- 
 mentum. 
 
 XXIV. Aesop. 
 
 Aesop in his fables (fives fjood advice in a pleasant way, and hence 
 men attend to h im . A n instance of this is his fable of the lark\ which 
 has been put into verse by Ennius. 
 
 Aesopus ille e I*hrygia fabularum scriptor baud 
 
 STORIES FROM ALL US GELLIUS. 17 
 
 inmerito sapiens existimatus est; quae enim utilia 
 monitu suasuque erant, non severe praecepit, ut 
 philosophis mos est, sed hilares iucundosque apologos 
 commentus, in mentes liominum cum audiendi quadam 5 
 inlecebra induit. Velut liaec eius fabula de parvae . 
 avis nidulo lej)ide praemonet spem fiduciamque rerum, 
 quas efticere quis possit, haut umquam in alio, sed in 
 semetipso habendam. Hunc Aesopi apologum Q. 
 Ennius in satiris versibus quadratis composuit, quorum 10 
 duo postremi hi sunt : 
 
 Hoc erit tibi drgumentum stamper in promptii situm, 
 N6 quid expect^s amicos, qu6d tute agere p6ssies. 
 
 XXV. A Fable of Aesop : — The Lakk and the 
 
 liEAPERS. 
 
 A certain lark found the corn, in which it had built, ripe for cutting 
 before its young were Jledf/ed. It therefore ordered them to report 
 anything nnusual ichich might happen in its absence. The first day 
 they announced that the master had been to the jield and had sent to 
 ask- his friends to help him to reap the corn. On hearing this the 
 mother said that there was no immediate need for them to leave the 
 field. 
 
 Avis est parva, nomen est cassita. Habitat in sege- 
 
 tibus, id ferme temporis ut appetat messis pullis iam 
 
 iam plumantibus. Ea cassita in sementes forte con- 
 
 gesserat tempestiviores ; propterea frumentis flave- 
 
 scentibus pulli etiam tunc inplumes erant. Dum igitur 
 
 ipsa iret cibuni pullis quaesitum, monet eos, ut, si 
 
 quid ibi rei novae fieret dicereturve, animadverte- 
 
 B 
 
.1 
 
 18 
 
 STOIUES FJIOM AULUS GELLIUS, 
 
 rent idque sibi, ubi rediisset, niintiarent. Dominus 
 postea segetum illarum tilium adulescentem vocat et 
 
 lo'-Videsne" inquit " haec maturuisse et manus iam 
 postulare '] idcirco eras, ubi primum dilucescit, fac ami- 
 cos eas et roges, ut veniant operamque miituam dent 
 et in liac messi nos adiuvent." Haec ubi ille dixit, et 
 discessit. Atque ubi redit cassita, pulli tremibundi 
 
 15 orare matrem, ut iam statim properet inque ab'um 
 locum sese asportet : "Nam dominus " inquiunt ''misit, 
 qui amicos roget, uti luce oriente veniant et metant." 
 Mater iubet eos otioso animo esse : "Si enim dominus " 
 inquit " messim ad amicos reiicit, eras seges non 
 
 20 metetur, neque necesse est hodie uti vos auferam." 
 
 XXYL The Lark and the Heapek-s (Co/Uinucd), 
 
 Next day the young ones reported that the master, finding his 
 friends had not come, had sent to ask the aid of his relations. The 
 mother still tells them to be in no fear, and next day again goes out 
 to seek food. This time the young ones repoH that the master, finding 
 his relations lingered, had detei-mined to cut the corn himself. On 
 hearing this the mother announces that they must go at once. 
 
 Die postero mater in pabulum volat. Dominus, 
 quos rogaverat, opperitur. Sol fervit, et fit nihil ; it 
 dies, et amici nulli eunt. Tum ille rursum ad filium 
 "Amici isti" inquit " cessatores sunt. Quin potius imus 
 5 et cognatos adfinesque nostros oramus, ut adsint eras ad 
 metendum 1 " Itidem hoc pulli pavefacti matri nun- 
 tiant. Mater hortatur, ut tum quoque sine metu ac sine 
 cuni sint ; cognatos adfinesque nullos ferme tam faciles 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 STOIUES FliOM A ULUS GELLIUS 19 
 
 esse ait, ut ad laborem capessendum nihil cunctentur 
 et itatim dicto oboediant : « Vos modo " inquit " ad- 10 
 vertite, si modo quid denuo dicetur." Alia luce orta 
 avis in pastum profecta est. Cognati et adfines 
 operam, quam dare rogati sunt, neglexerunt. Ad 
 postremum igitur dominus filio " Valeant " inquit 
 " amici cum propinquis. Afferes prima luce falces 15 
 duas ; unam egomet mihi et tu ti])i capies alteram et 
 frumentum nosmetipsi manibusnostriscrasmetemus." 
 Id ubi ex pullis dixisse dominum mater audivit, 
 " Tempus " inquit " est cedendi et abeundi ; fiet nunc 
 dubio procul quod futurum dixit. In ipso enim iam 20 
 yertitur cuia res est, non in alio, unde petitur." Atque 
 ita cassita e nido migravit, seges a domino demessa 
 est. 
 
 XXYII. PvRiius AND Fabricius. 
 
 A friend of King Pyirus came to the Roman general Fabricius 
 and offered to jwison the King for a bribe. Fabricius reported the 
 matter to the Senate, who warned Piirrus to be on his guard. Pui-rus 
 showed his gratitude by sending back all the Roman prisoners. 
 
 Cum Pyrrus rex in terra Italia esset et unam atque 
 alteram pugnas prospere pugnasset et pleraque Italia 
 ad regem descivisset, tum Ambraciensis quispiam 
 Timochares, regis Pyrri amicus, ad C. Fabricium con- 
 sulem furtim venit ac praemium petivit et, si de 5 
 praemio conveniret, promisit se regem venenis neca- 
 turum ; idque facile esse factu dixit, quoniam filius 
 suus pocula in convivio regi ministraret. Eam rem 
 
 (» 
 I 
 
20 STORIES FROM A UL US GELLl US, 
 
 Fabricius ad senatum scripsit. Senatus ad regem 
 lo legates misit manJavitque, ut de Tiinochare nihil pro- 
 derent, sed monerent, uti rex cautius ageret atque a 
 proximorum insidiis salutem tutaretur. Quamobrem 
 Pyrrus populo Romano laudes atque gratias scripsisse 
 dicitiir captivosqiie omnes, quos turn habuit, vestivisse 
 15 et reddidisse. 
 
 XXVIII. Androclus and the Lion : Scene in 
 
 THE ClKCUt?. 
 
 At the games in the Circus a lion of ijiijantic size \oas teen to fawn 
 upon one of the condemned slaves exposed in the arena. 
 
 In circo maxinio venationis pugna poinilo dabatur. 
 Multae ibi ferae, sed praeter alia omnia leo corpore 
 vasto terrificoqiie fiemitu et sonoro animos oculosque 
 omnium in sese converterat. Introductus erat inter 
 
 5 compluris ceteros ad pugnam bestiamm datos servus 
 viri consularis ; ei servo Androclus nomen fuit. Hunc 
 ille leo ubi vidit procul, repente quasi admirans stetit 
 ac deinde sensini atque placide, tamquam familiaris, 
 ad hominem accedit. Turn caudam more adulantium 
 
 10 canum blande movet cruraque et manus hominis, 
 prope iam exanimati metu, lingua leniter demulcet. 
 Homo Androclus inter ilia tarn atrocis ferae blandi- 
 menta amissum animum recuperat, paulatim oculos ad 
 contuendum leonem refert. Tum quasi mutua recog- 
 
 15 nitione facta laetos et gratulantes videres hominem et 
 leonem. 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 21 
 
 r 
 
 XXIX. Androclus and the Lion :- 
 Slave's Story. 
 
 -the 
 
 I 
 
 When questioned hy the Emperor the slave explained that he had 
 fled from his master into the African desert, that he had hy accident 
 taken refuge in this lion's cave, and, when the lion had returned to its 
 home lame, he had extracted a thorn from its foot. 
 
 Haec tarn mira res maximos populi claniores ex- 
 citat et Caesar Androcluni vocat quaeritque causam, 
 cur illi uni atrocissimus leo pepercisset. Ibi Androclus 
 rem mirificam atque admirandam narrat. " Cum pro- 
 vinciam " inquit ** Africam proconsulari imperio mens 5 
 dominus obtineret, ego ibi iniquis eius et cotidianis 
 verbenbus ad fugam sum coactus et, (|Uo niihi a 
 domino, terrae illius i)raeside, tutiores lutebrae forent, 
 in locos desertos et remotos concessi ac, si defuisset 
 cibus, consilium fuit mortem aliquo pacto quaerere. 10 
 Tum die medio sole flagrante specum quemdam nanc- 
 tus remotum latebrosumcjue, in eum me recondo. 
 Neque multo post ad eundem specum venit hie leo, 
 debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus edens et mur- 
 mura ob dolorem cruciatumque vulneris. Atque illic 15 
 primo quidem conspectu advcnientis leonis territus et 
 pavefactus sum ; sed posbjuam introgressus leo videt 
 me procul delitescentem, mitis et mansuetus accessit et 
 sublatum pedem ostendere mihi et porrigere quasi opis 
 petendae gratia visus est. Ibi ego stirpem ingentem, 20 
 vestigio pedis eius haerentem, revelli conceptamque 
 saniem volnere intimo expressi et sine magna iam for- 
 
22 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIVS. 
 
 midine siccavi penitus atque detcrsi cruorem. Ilia 
 tunc mea opera levatus, pede in manibus meis posito, 
 25 recubuit et quievit. 
 
 XXX. AXDROCLUS AND THE LlOX : TIIK 
 
 Slave's Story {continvcd). 
 
 For three years he and the lion had lived together. At last he had 
 fjrown weary of the savage life, hut as soon as he had returned to the 
 haunts of men he had been captured, condemned, and sent to Rome 
 to be exposed to the wild beasts in the circus. Androclus was par- 
 doned and the lion was given to him. 
 
 "Ex eo die triennium totum ego et leo in eodem 
 specu eodemque et victu viximus. Nam, quas vena- 
 batur feras, membra o})imiora ad specum mibi ferebat, 
 quae ego, ignis coi)iam non habens, meridiano sole 
 5 torrens edebam. Sed ubi me vitae illius ferinae iam 
 pertaesum est, leone in venatum profecto, reliqui 
 specum et, viam ferme tridui permensus, a militibus 
 visus adprehensiisque sum et ad domiuum ex Africa 
 Romam deductus. Is me statim rei cajiitalis damnan- 
 
 10 dum dandumquc ad bestias curavit. Intellego autem" 
 incpiit " hunc quoque leonem me tunc separate 
 captum, gratiam mihi nunc beneficii et medicinae 
 referre." 
 
 Haec dixit Androclus ; quae cum scripta essent cir- 
 
 15 cumlataque populo et declarata, cunctis petentibus 
 dimissus Androclus et poena solutus et leone suffragiis 
 populi donatus. Postea Androclus et leo, loro tenui 
 revinctus, urbe tota circum tabernas ibat : donatus 
 
 STORIES FROM AFLUS GELLIUS 23 
 
 est acre Androclus, fioribus sparsus est leo, omnesque 
 ubiipie obvii exclamant, " Hie est leo hospes hominis, 20 
 hie est homo medicus leonis." 
 
 XXXI. The Actor Polus. 
 
 Polus, having to art the part of Elcctra soon after his only son had 
 died, appeared on the stage holding the urn which contained the re- 
 mains of his son, and over this he wept the tears of real grief. 
 
 Histrio in terra Graecia fuit fama celebri, cui nomen 
 erat Polus. Is unice amatum filium morte amisit, 
 sed ubi eum satis visus est luxisse, rediit ad quaestum 
 artis. 
 
 Eo tempore Athenis Electram Sophoclis acturus, 5 
 gestare urnam quasi cum Oresti ossibus debebat. Ita 
 compositum fabulae argumentum est ut, veluti fratris 
 reliquias ferens, Electra comploret interitum eius 
 existimatum. Igitur Polus, lugubri habitu Electrae 
 indutus, ossa atque urnam e sepulcro tulit filii et, 10 
 quasi Oresti amplexus, opplevit omnia non simulacris 
 sed luctu atque lamentis veris. Itaque cum agi fabula 
 videretur, dolor actus est. 
 
 XXXII. A Greek Orator is bribed, and 
 
 GLORIES IN HLS ShaME. 
 A Greek orator— some say Demosthenes, others Dcmades—at first 
 opposed a request of the Milesians for aid, but took a bribe to with- 
 draw his opposition. When the matter was again discussed he an- 
 nounced that he teas suffering from an inflamed throat, and so could 
 not speak. He afterwards openly boasted that he had been paid to 
 hold his tongue. 
 
 Legati Mileto auxilii petendi causa venerunt 
 
24 STOniES FROM AULUS UELLIVS. 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS, 
 
 25 
 
 Athenas. Turn qui pro sese verba facerent advoca- 
 verunt ; hi, uti erat niandatum, verba pro Milesiis ad 
 populum fecemnt, sed Demosthenes Milesiorum pos- 
 5 tulatis acriter respondit ; neque Milesios auxih"o dig- 
 nos necjue ex republica id esse contendit. Res tandem 
 in posterum diem prolata est. Turn logati ad Demo- 
 sthenen venerunt oraveruntque, uti contra ne diceret. 
 Is pecuniam petivit et qnantam petiverat abstulit. 
 
 loPostridie, cum res agi denuo coepta esset, Demo- 
 sthenes, lana niulta colUim circumvohitus, ad popu- 
 him prodit et dixit se synanchen pati ; eo contra 
 Milesios locpii non quire. Tum e populo quidam ex- 
 clamavit, non synanclien eum pati sed argyranchen. 
 
 15 Ipse etiam Demosthenes non id postea celavit, quin 
 gloriae quoque hoc sibi adsignavit. Nam cum inter- 
 rogasset Aristodemum, actorem fa1)ularum, quan- 
 tum mercedis, uti age ret, accepisset, et Aristodemus 
 talentum respondisset, " At ego phis " inciuit "■ accepi, 
 
 20 ut tacerem." 
 
 Quod hie diximus de Demostliene, id nonnulli 
 scriptores in Demaden contulerunt. 
 
 XXXIII. Cicero. 
 
 Cicero once horroiced money to hun a house, but afterwards denied 
 that he had ever taken the monet/ or had intended to purchase the pro- 
 perty. He did buy the house, and, when reminded of what he had 
 said, replied that a prudent man always concealed his intended 
 purchases. 
 
 Cicero cum emere vellet in Pahitio domum neque 
 
 \ 
 
 I) 
 
 I 
 
 pecuniam in praesens haberet, a P. Sulla, qui tum reus 
 erat, mutua sestertium viciens tacita accepit. Ea res 
 tamen, priusquam emeret, prodita est et in vulgus 
 exivit, obiectumque ei est, quod pecuniam domus 5 
 emendae causa a reo accepisset. Tum Cicero inopinata 
 obprol)ratione permotus accepi sse se negavit ac do- 
 mum quoque se empturum negavit. Sed cum postea 
 emisset et hoc mendacium in senatu ei ab amicis 
 obiiceretur, risit satis atque inter ridendum : "aKotvo- 10 
 I'orjTOi" inquit " homines estis, cum ignoratis prudentis 
 et cauti patrisfamilias esse, (juod emere velit, emptu- 
 rum sese negare propter competitores emptionis." 
 
 XXXIV. FiiJE:^ AT Rome : — a Pemedy. 
 
 ** Property in Rome,^^ said a friend, " would be worth far more if 
 the risk from Jirc were not so yreat." ^'Archelatui,^' replied Julianus, 
 ** preserved his defensive outworks from fire by covcrinr/ them with 
 cdum. " 
 
 Declamaverat Antonius lulianus rhetor quam feli- 
 cissime, eumc^ue nos familiares eius circumfusi undique 
 prosequebamur domum, cum subeuntes montem Cis- 
 pium conspicimus insulam quandam multis, arduisque 
 tabulatis editam, igni occupatam et propinqua iam 5 
 omnia flagrare vasto incendio. Tum quispiam ibi ex 
 comitibus luliani, '*Magni"in([uit "reditus urbanorum 
 praediorum, sed pericula sunt longe maxima. Si quid 
 aut^m posset remedii fore, ut ne tam adsidue domus 
 Romae arderent, venum hercle dedissem res rusticas 10 
 
26 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS, 
 
 et urbicas emissem." Atque illi luliaiius "Si annalem" 
 inquit "undevicensimum Q. Claudi legisses, docuisset 
 te profecto Archelaus, regis Mitridati praefectus, quo 
 remedio ignem defenderes. In eo eiiim libro scriptum 
 
 15 inveni, cum obpugnaret L. Sulla in terra Attica Pirae- 
 um et contra Archelaus regis Mitridati praefectus ex 
 eo oppido propugnaret, turrim ligneam defendendi 
 gratia structam, cum ex omni latere circumplexa igni 
 foret, ardere non quisse, quod alumine ab Archelao 
 
 20 oblita fuisset." 
 
 XXXV. AllTOX AND THE DOLPITIN. 
 1. Til?: IiOBBEKY. 
 
 Arinn, hariiuj [laincd much money in Itahf and Sicift/, took ship to 
 return to Corinth, hut was rolled and made to hap overloard ly the 
 sailors. 
 
 Yetus et nobilis cantor Arion fuit. Is oppido Mc- 
 thymnaeus, terra Lesbius fuit. Eum Arionem rex 
 Corinthi Periander amicum habuit artis gratia. Is 
 inde a rcge proficiscitur, ut terras praeclaras Siciliam 
 5 atque Italiam viseret. Ubi eo venit aures omnium 
 mentesque in utriusque tcrrae urbil)us delectavit, et 
 postca grandem pecuniam adeptus Corinthum instituit 
 redire. Navem igitur et navitas, ut notiores amicior- 
 esque sibi, Corinthios delegit. Sed ei Corinthii, 
 10 liomine accepto navique in altum provecta, praedao 
 pecuniaeque cupidi, consilium de necando Arione ce- 
 perunt. Tum ille pecuniam ceteratpie sua eis dedit 
 
 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 27 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 vitam modo sibi ut parcerent oravit. Navitae per vim 
 suis manibus eum non necaverunt, sed imperaverunt, 
 ut iam statim coram desiliret praeceps in mare. Homo 15 
 ibi territus, spe omni vitae perdita, id unum postea 
 oravit, ut, priusquam mortem ol)i»eteret, induere per- 
 mitterent sua sibi omnia et fides capere et canere car- 
 men. Quod oraverat impetrat, atque i])i mox de 
 more cinctus, amictus, ornatus stansque in summa 20 
 puppi, carmen, quod **orthium" dicitur, voce sublat- 
 issimd cantavit. Ad postrema cantus cum fidibus 
 ornatuque omni, sicut stabat canebatque, iecit sese pro- 
 cul in profundum. 
 
 XXXVI. Akiox axd the Dolphin. 
 2. The IiEscue. 
 
 A dolphin carried hi>a mfefy to Taenarvm ; thence he travelled to 
 Cm'inth, and told his adventure to the Kimj. The sailors on their 
 arrival were confronted ly Arion and convicted of their crime. 
 
 Navitae, hautcpiaquam dubitantes, quin periisset, 
 cursum, quem facere coc])erant, tenuerunt. Sed 
 novum et mirum et pium facinus contigit. Delpliinus 
 repentc inter undas adnavit, tiuitantiquc sese homini 
 subdidit, et dorso super Huctus edito vectavit inco- 5 
 lumique eum corpore et ornatu Taenarum in terram 
 Laconicam devexit. Tum Arion prorsus ex eo loco 
 Corinthum petivit talemcpie Periandro regi, qualis 
 delphino vectus fuerat, inopinanti sese optulit, eique 
 rem, sicuti acciderat, narravit. Rex istaec parum 10 
 
28 STOniES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 credidit, Arionem, quasi falleret, custodiri iussit, 
 navitas inquisitos, ablegate Arioiie, dissimulanter 
 interrogavit, ecqiiid audissent in his locis, iinde venis- 
 sent, de Arione ? Dixerunt liominem, cum inde irent, 
 
 15 in terra Italia fuisse et illic bene agere. Turn inter 
 haec eorum verba Arion cum tidibus et indumentis, 
 cum quibus se in salum deiecerat, extitit, navitaeque 
 stupefacti convictique ire intitias non quivcrunt. Hanc 
 fabulam dicuiit Lesbii et Corinthii, atque fabulae argu- 
 
 20 mentum est (juod simulacra duo aenea ad Taenarum 
 visuntur, delphinus vehens et liomo insidens. 
 
 XXXVII. TnK Thijacian Husbaxdmax. 
 
 A Thracian having heard that trees reqniral cuttiioj and prnn- 
 inri, proceeded to chop the tops off his vines and olives^ and thus in 
 his ignorance destroyed all his property. 
 
 Homo Thracus ex ultima barbaria ruris colendi 
 insolens, cum in terras cultiores migrasset, fundum 
 mercatus est oleo atque vino consitum. Qui nihil 
 admodum de vite aut arbore colenda sciret, videt forte 
 
 5 \ icinum rubos alte atque late obortas excidentem, 
 fraxinos ad summum prope vcrticem dei)utantem, 
 suboles vitium e radicibus super terram fusas revel- 
 lentem, stolones in pomis aut in oleis proceros ampu- 
 tantem ; acceditque prope et cur tantam ligni atque 
 
 10 frondium caedem faceret, percontatus est. Et vicinus 
 ita respondit : '' Ut ager ^' incjuit " mundus purusque 
 fiat, eius arbor atque vitis fecundior." Discedit ille a 
 
 STOIUES FJ:0M AULUS GELLJUS. 29 
 
 vicino gratias agens et laetus, tamquam adeptus rei 
 rusticae disciplinam. Tum falcem ac securim capit ; 
 atque ibi homo miser imperitus vites suas sibi omnis 15 
 et oleas detruncat, comasque arborum laetissimas 
 uberrimosque vitium palmites decidit, et virgulta 
 simul omnia, pomis gignendis felicia, cum sentibus et 
 rubis purgandi agri gratia convellit. 
 
 XXXYITI. Mitridates. 
 
 Mitridates by the use of antidotes made himself pi'oqf against poi- 
 sons : hence when he wished to kill himself he had to use his sivord. 
 He could speak perfectly the languages of the twenty-tioo nations over 
 which he ruled. 
 
 Mitridates illePonti rexmedicinae rei et remediorum 
 soUers erat, cjuorum adsiduo usu a clandestinis epul- 
 arum insidiis cavebat ; quin et ultro ostentandi gratia 
 venenura rapidum et velox saepenumero hausit, atque 
 id tamen sine noxa fuit. Quamobrem postea, cum 5 
 proelio victus in ultima regni refugisset et moii de- 
 crevisset, venona festinandae necis causa frustra 
 expertus, suo se ipse gladio transegit. 
 
 Quintus Ennius tria corda sese habere dicebat, quod 
 loqui Graece et Osce et Latine sciret. Mitridates 10 
 autem duarum et viginti gentium, quas sub dicione 
 habuit, linguas percalluit, earumque omnium gentium 
 viris haut umquam per interpretem conlocutus est, 
 sed lingua et oratione cuiusque, non minus scite quam 
 si gentis eius esset, locutus est. I5 
 
30 STOniES FKOM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 XXXIX. The Philosopher and His Pupil. 
 
 Euathlus agreed to pay Protarjoras a certain sum of money on the 
 day when he icon his first case. He never undertook one, so at last 
 Protagoras brought an action against him to recovei' the money. 
 •• You are in this dilemma,'' said the philosopher : ^^ if you lose this 
 action, the court will award me the money ; if you win it, you will 
 have won your first case, and will owe me the fee according to our 
 agreement.'' ''Nay," replied the pupil. " if I win the action, I shall 
 owe you nothing according to the sentence of the court ; if I lose, I 
 shall owe you nothing according to our agreement." 
 
 Euathlus, adulescens dives, eloquentiae discendae 
 causarumque orandi cupidus fuit. Is in disciplinam 
 Protagorae sese dedit daturumque promisit mercedem 
 grandem pecuniam, quantam Protagoras petiverat, 
 5 dimidiumque eius dedit iam tunc pepigitque, ut re- 
 liquuni dimidium daret, quo primo die causam apud 
 indices orasset et vicisset. Postea cum din auditor 
 Protagorae fuisset, causas taraen non reciperet, tem- 
 pusque iam longum transcurreret et facere id videretur, 
 
 lo ne relicum mercedis daret, capit consilium Protagoras, 
 ut turn existimabat, astutum : petere institit ex pacto 
 mercedem, litem cum Euatblo contestatur. 
 
 Cum ad indices venissent, tum Protagoras sic exor- 
 sus est: *'Disce," inquit ** stultissirae adulescens, 
 
 IS utroque id modo fore, uti reddas quod peto, sive 
 contra te pronuntiatum erit sive pro te. Nam, si 
 contra te lis data erit, merces mihi ex sententia 
 debebitur, quia ego vicero ; sin vero secundum te 
 iudicatum erit, merces mihi ex ])acto debebitur, quia 
 
 20 tu viceris." 
 
 I 
 
 ) 
 
 STOniES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 31 
 
 Ad ea respondit Euathlus : '* Disce igitur tu quoque, 
 magister sapientissime, utroque modo fore, uti non 
 reddam quod petis, sive contra me pronuntiatum 
 fuerit sive pro me. Nam, si indices pro causa mea 
 senserint, nihil tibi ex sententia debebitur, quia ego 25 
 vicero ; sin contra me pronuntiaverint, nihil tibi ex 
 pacto debebo, quia non vicero." 
 
 Tum indices hoc inexplicabile esse rati, causam in 
 diem longissimam distulerunt. Sic ab adulescente 
 discipulo magister doctissimus suo ipse argumento 3° 
 confutatus est. 
 
 XL. PiOMAN Eespect for an Oath ; The Story 
 
 OF the Ten Captives. 
 
 Hannibal aftei' the battle of Cannae sent ten captives to Rome to 
 propose an exchange of prison ei'S, but bound the ten by an oath to re- 
 turn, if the Senate did not accept his offer. The Senate rejected it, and 
 eight out of the ten returned, but two, yielding to the entreaties of their 
 friends, and alleging that they had by a trick freed themselves from 
 the obligation of the oath, remained behind. These two were treated 
 with such scorn that they found life unbearable and committed 
 suicide. 
 
 Post proelium Cannense Hannibal ex captivis 
 nostris electos decem Romam misit, mandavitque eis 
 pactusque est, ut, si populo llomano videretur, per- 
 mutatio fieret captivorum et i)ro his, quos alteri 
 plures acciperent, darent argenti pondo libram et 5 
 selibram. Hoc, priusquam proficiscerentur, iusiuran- 
 dum eos adegit, redituros esse in castra Poenica, si 
 Komani captivos non permutarent. 
 
 1 
 

 32 STORIES FROM AULUS GELLIUS. 
 
 Veniunt Roinani decern captivi. Mandatum Poeni 
 
 lo imperatoiis in senatu exponunt. Perniutatio senatui 
 non placet. Parentes, cognati adfinesque captivorum 
 amplexi eos postliminio in patriam redisse dicebant, 
 statumque eorum integrum incolumem(pie esse, ac, ne 
 ad hostes redire vellent, orabant. Tnm octo ex his 
 
 15 postliminium iustum non esse sibi responderunt, quo- 
 niam iure iurando vincti forent, statimque, uti iurati 
 erant, ad Hannibalem profecti sunt. Duo reliqui 
 Komae manserunt solutosc^ue se esse ac liberatos 
 religione dicebant, quoniam, cum egressi castra hos- 
 
 20 tium fuissent, commenticio consilio, tamquam ob 
 aliquam fortuitam causam, eodem regressi sunt, atque 
 ita rursum iniurati abisscnt. Haec eorum fraudulenta 
 calliditas tam esse turpis existimata est, ut contempti 
 vulgo sint censoiesque eos postea omnibus ignominiae 
 
 25 notis adtecerint. 
 
 Multis autem in senatu placuit, ut datis custodibus 
 ad Hannibak-m deducerentur, sed ea sententia numero 
 plurium, quibus id non videretur, superata. Usque 
 adeo tamen invisi erant, ut taedio vitae necem sibi 
 
 30 consci\ issent. 
 
 I 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1. P. Ver&ilius Maro, the greatest of Homan epic poets, was 
 born 70 B.C. near Mantua, in the N. of Italy, and died 19 B.C. 
 at Brundusium, in the S.E. of Italy. His chief works were 
 the Bficolicd {^ovKoXeo}, I tend cattle), or Ecl6<jae (' Selec- 
 tions,' from f\'-\€7a>, I choose out), a series of short poems, 
 chietly pastoral ; the G^oryfcu (7/) ?pyov)^ a poetical treatise 
 on agriculture ; and the Aem'is, or story of Aeneas, a poem in 
 twelve books, relating the adventures of Aeneas after the fall 
 of Troy 
 
 2. Be parere versus, ' that he produced his verses like a 
 bear,' lit. 'in a bear-like manner.' 
 
 parere, from jjurio. Distinguish three words, {I) pdro, -avi, 
 -atum^ -art, 'I prepare,' {2) pihro, -id, -itiun, -tre, 'I obey,' 
 gov. dat. case, (3) purio, plphi^ partum, or paritiim, ??•(?, ' I 
 bring forth.' 
 
 3. lambendo, abl. of the gerund, * by licking it ' ; so trac- 
 tando corrigendoque, ' V)y polishing and correcting them. ' 
 
 5. partus, nom. pi., best translated by the English sing., 
 * the otlj^pring of. . .' 
 
 C. reddo, compound of re and do. Jiecl is used for i-e in red' 
 dmo, 7ti(ar(juo, reddo, redto, red/iibro, red'Kjo, rtdimo, rcdoko, 
 redujulo. In composition the re is sliort except in ... relig^o 
 (often spelt reUi<jio), reliquiae (often spelt reUiqiiiae), and the 
 perfects of r^ipello, r^perio, and rlfero, viz, , repuli (or reppidi), 
 reperl (or repjxri), and retuli (or rettidi). Refert, the imper- 
 sonal verb, ' it concerns,' is a compound of rex-fert : r<^ferOj 
 
 IJ 33 
 
34 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 makes 3rd sing. r<ifert. Re or red in composition has two 
 principal meanings, (1) 'back' or 'backward,' as redeo^ 'I 
 go back,' (2) 'again,' as rejicio, 'I make again, repair.' It 
 also frequently denotes (3) 'duty' or 'obligation,' so reddo 
 here means ' 1 give as is due,' ' render.' 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Menander (342-291 b.c), an Athenian comic poet, famous 
 as the model of Roman dramatists, especially Terence. 
 
 Philemon, also an Athenian comic poet, the contemporary 
 and rival of Menander 
 
 2. in certaminibus comoediarum. In Athens dramas were 
 represented at the great festivals in honour of Dionysus, at 
 which "every citizen was present, as a matter of course, from 
 daybreak to sunset " (Donaldson). Judges were appointed by 
 lot to decide upon the merits of the rival plays. The success- 
 ful poet was crowned with ivy, and his name was proclaimed 
 before the audience. 
 
 ambitus, 'bribery,' from aynbio ; properly a ' going round ' 
 to canvass for votes, etc., especially by bribery. Ambitio, 
 from the same verb, is used both in this sense and also as ' a 
 desire for power,' etc., our * ambition.' 
 
 4. quaeso, used parenthetically like our ' pray ! * 
 
 bonS. venlA, ' apologizing for the ([uestion ' ; lit. ' with your 
 good leave ...' i.e. ' pardon me, but ...' 
 
 5. nonne introduces a question expecting the answer ' Yes,' 
 e.g. nonne erub€'<n'<, ' do you not blush? ' Num introduces a 
 question expecting the answer ' No,' e.g. num erubefscis, ' you 
 do not blush, do you ?' -ne is used when the answer is doul>t- 
 ful, e. g. erubescisne, ' do you blush ? ' 
 
 erubesco. The termination -sco shows that the verb is incep- 
 tive or inchoative, i e. denotes the beginning {ince.ptuin) of an 
 action or state. ISuch verbs are always of the 3rd conjugation, 
 and form their perfects and supines (if they have supines, but 
 in most inceptives the supine is wanting) from the simple verb 
 or stem from which they spring, e.g. pallesco (from paHeo), 
 pallui, (no supine), pallescere, I begin to grow pale ; vWra.'<co 
 (from old form r?^er, classical vPtn>i, -g/-/.s), ->ar/, no sup., 
 Vetera aver e^ "1 grow old.' 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 III. 
 
 35 
 
 1. Arlstoteles, the Greek philosopher, was born at Stagira, 
 in Macedonia, 384 B.C. He lived for twenty years at Athens, 
 where he was a pupil of Plato ; afterwards he returned to 
 Macedonia, and became the tutor of Alexander. When Alex- 
 ander succeeded to the throne, Aristotle again went to Athens 
 and taught philosophy for 13 years in the Lyceum, a gym- 
 nasium sacre<l to Apollo Lyceus. He died in .322 B.C. at 
 Chalcis in Kuboea. Many of his writings upon logic, moral 
 and political philosophy, natural history, etc., have reached us. 
 
 Plutarchus was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia about 50 A. D. 
 He came to Rome at an early age, and spent many years there 
 and in other parts of Italy. In his old age he returned to 
 Chaeronea, where he died at an unknown date. His works 
 were written in Greek : the most famous of them is the Parallel 
 Lives of forty-six Greeks and Romans, arranged in pairs, a 
 Greek and a Roman together {e.ij. Alexander and Caesar, 
 Demosthenes and Cicero), the life of each pair being followed 
 by a short discussion of their comparative merits. 
 
 hercle is a nominative form ; the similar exclamations 
 mehercuie>i, nieherxnle, inehercle, hercuhft, herculf, and htrde are 
 all abbreviations for ^ me 1/ er cults jure f y 'may Hercules 
 help me ! ' Cf. the interjectional phrase, ^ mfdius pdiu.%^ for 
 * me dtus Fidinsjnnf, ' so help me the God of Faith ! ' 
 
 2. Bi super..., the order is * si Imponis mafjna pondera 
 super lifjnnm pahnae arboris/ 
 
 3. non deorsum, the wood does not yield and bend in- 
 wards beneath the weight, but rises up against it and bends 
 outwards. 
 
 6. urgentibus opprimentibusque, dat. after cedit, ' it does 
 not yield to ....' 
 
 1 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Socrates was born at Athens 4()9b.c. 
 statuary, and in early life Socrates followed 
 sion, but he soon abandoned it and devoted 
 to philosopliy. He did not follow the usual 
 public lectures or opening a school, but went 
 talking to men wherever he met them, and 
 awake in them a love of true knowledge. By 
 
 His father was a 
 the same profes- 
 himself entirely 
 custom of giving 
 about in the city 
 endeavouring to 
 his attacks upon 
 
36 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 the popular theories and his free discussion of religious ques- 
 tions lie roused a strong antagonism ; at last he was impeached 
 on the three charges of corrupting the Athenian youth, de- 
 spising the gods of the State, and introducing new deities, and 
 was executed by a draught of hemlock poison 399 BC. He 
 left no written works, so that our knowledge of him is derived 
 from the writings of his pupils and contemporaries, chietly 
 Plato and Xenophon. 
 
 3 iris scatebat, lit. 'bubbled over with,' 'overflowed 
 witii .'' Cf. Hor. Od. iii. 27, 26, ^ scattntmi beluis pont^m 
 'the ocean teeming with monsters ' ; and Aulus Gellius, JS^.A. 
 1. 15, uses ' scatire rerbix.' 
 
 quam rem .. demiratus, ' havmg expressed his astonish- 
 ment at this fact to her husband Socrates.' 
 
 4 Alcibiades, 450-404 B.C., was a brilliant but unprincipled 
 Athenian statesman, who became famous during the Felopon- 
 nesian war. He enjoyed the friendship of Socrates was saved 
 by Socrates at the battle of Potidaea, 432 B.C., and saved the 
 life of Socrates at the battle of Delium, 424 B.C. 
 
 5 acerbum, acer-hm from ucer, as super-buM from mper. 
 Usually words retain the quantity of the word from which 
 thev are derived, but there are many exceptions, eghdmo 
 ^dhumaun.^, nO/u.'< and coy-nitus, so rex, gen. ni/i-s but rl^go, 
 dux, gen. dnriM, but dilco. 
 
 7. insuesco. Cf. note on end^eHCO, ii. 5. 
 
 exerceor, in a middle sense, ' I exercise myself.' Cf./rtc»'MW< 
 idlZclme:cercentur, athHae (Cic. 7W. ii. 2:^, 56), 'athletes 
 do the same when they exercise themselves. Many Latin 
 passives have thus a ' middle ' force ; cf. rn-tor, I turn my- 
 self • lavor, I wash myself ; and the deponents glorior, I 
 boast myself ; rrxro)-, I feed myself, etc. 
 
 8 ut feram, ' so that I bear more easily.' Ut used in a 
 consecutive sense, i.e. denoting the consequence or result. 
 
 V. 
 
 1 corporis flnnandi caus^, '(undergone) for the sake of 
 strengthening his body '-the gerundive attraction. Cf. note 
 
 xiii. 1. , i^ • » 
 
 'i ad solem alteram orientem, ' till the next sunrise. 
 Sol'orien.^ is used for sunrise, i.e. the rising of the sun, as 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 37 
 
 ^ svmmns mojiJ* * for 'the top of the mountain,' Caesar mor- 
 hiuA for ' the death of Caesar,' etc. 
 
 5. tanquam ... facto, lit. a certain withdrawal, as it were, 
 of mind and feeling from the body having taken place, i.e. 
 'mind and feeling having, as it were, left his body.' He stood 
 in seeming unconsciousness. Animn-i, when contrasted with 
 mniJi, is the mind as the seat of the passions, etc. ; 7nens 
 the higher reasoning faculty, the intellect. 
 
 9. valitudine Integra, the abl. a])sohite, 'in unimpaired 
 health.' 
 
 Ablative Absohite, 'absolute' {absolntutt, fr. ah'solro, *I 
 release ') here means ' released ' from government by any 
 word in the principal sentence. 
 
 The construction is one of many varieties of the adverbial 
 ablative ; e.g. the abl. of time, the abl. of place w'here, the 
 abl. of manner, etc.; but it differs from these ablatives — 
 
 (1) In being equivalent to a complete clause, e.g. Caesar 
 hoc dixit, conroratis militibus is equivalent to cum milites con- 
 vocnti i>.sHe)tt. 
 
 (2) Or, to express the same fact in another way, it consists 
 of two words each in the ablative, one of which stands to the 
 other in the relation of predicate to subject ; the ' subject ' 
 being a substantive or pronoun, the * predicate ' a participle, 
 adjective, substantive, or, more rarely, a pronoun. 
 
 ExceptioihH : But (a) sometimes the subject is not expressed, 
 and a participle is used impersonally by itself in the abl. 
 absol. — the participle here being equivalent to a clause con- 
 taining an impersonal verb, e.g. mihi, errato, nulla venia, 
 'there is no pardon for me, if I blunder ' {errato = si erratum 
 trit a me). 
 
 {b) Sometimes a whole clause is substituted for the abl. of 
 the 'subject' : e.g. ejccepto quod non ximul exses, cetera laetus, 
 'happy in all respects, except the fact that you were not with 
 me' (lit. 'the fact that you were not with me being excepted'). 
 
 Examples: (1) Subst. and participle, Tullio regnante lix- 
 erunt, 'they lived whilst Tullius was king.' (2) Subst. and 
 adj., Hanvihah viro Romaui semper Poeno.-< timuerunt, 'the 
 Romans always feared the Carthaginians whilst Hannibal 
 lived.' (3) Subst. and subst., Nil despcrundum Teucro duce, 
 'there is no cause for despair whilst Teucer is our leader.' 
 (4) Subst. and pron., quid hoc populo obtineri potest, 'what 
 can be maintained with such a people as this ? ' (5) Pron. 
 
/ 
 
 38 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 and participle, efs ocas/. at,n domvm re> I icrunt when those 
 men had been slain the rest returned home. (6) Pron. and 
 adj., me bwifo id ferit, 'he did it contrary to my wishes 
 (7) Pron. and subst., eo rojo tuti eranf, 'they were safe 
 whilst he was king.' 
 
 yofe—{\) The abl. absolute sometimes expresses merely 
 time {r.<i. in>ta arsfafe, 'at the beginnin*,' of summer ), but 
 more often attendant circumstances, or cause. ,. ., f 
 
 ('^\ The abl. absol. cannot be used when the subject^ ot 
 the^clause is the same as the subject or object of tlic prmcipal 
 clause. This rule is sometimes, but rarely, violated. ^ 
 
 (3) In Greek the genitive is the absolute case: in most 
 modern languages the nom. is thus used: but the ace is 
 sometimes used absolutely in German, and in Old Knglish the 
 accusative (representing the dative of Anglo-Saxon) was used 
 absolutely. Milton uses both nom. and ace. : ct Ls 
 dispossessed," Par. L., vii. 140; " I extinct, id. ix. 094. 
 
 10 pestUentia, the famous plague of Athens, which raged 
 during the second and third years of the Pelopoimesian war. 
 This was a war between Athens with her allies f"^ >jparta 
 with her allies, which lasted for 28 years, from 431 to 404 B.C. , 
 and ended in the defeat of Athens and the loss of her maritime 
 supremacy. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Alexander III. (3r>6-323 B.C.), surnamed the Great, 
 ascended the throne of Macedonia on the death of his father 
 Philip 336 D.C. In the 13 years of his reign he conquered the 
 creater part of Eastern Europe and Asia Minor and marched 
 even into Northern India and Egypt. The incideiit here men- 
 tioned happened i.i his Indian campaign In 327 he crossed 
 the Indus, entered the Punjaub, defeated and captured the 
 Indian king Poms in a great, battle on the banks of the 
 Hydaspes, lind founded there two towns-Bucephalon and 
 Nicaea. He continued his progress as far as the banks of the 
 Hyphasia, but here his wearied troops mutinied and refused 
 to* advance any further. 
 
 BucepHalas (/3oi.K-e0d\as, povs Ke<t>a\if}\ ' ox-head, so called 
 from the breadth of its forehead. 
 
 2. emptum, * Chares has stated that it was bought for 13 
 talents.' tcdcntis, abl. of price. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 39 
 
 Chares was an officer at Alexander's court, who wrote a 
 series of anecdotes about the life and exploits of the king. 
 
 3. hoc autem, the order is hoc ^st no'^tri aerh summa ire- 
 ceufa duodecim spst>>rfia, ' this is in (lit. of) our money the sum 
 (of) 312 sestertia.' Sestertiurc = 1,000 sestertii, about £8 at 
 this time. Therefore 312 sestertia = £312 x 8 = £2,496. For 
 sestertium of. xxxiii. 2. 
 
 6. hand unquam, etc. , ' it never allowed itself to be mounted 
 by any one except the king.' 
 
 8. faceret, subj. after cum. 
 
 Cum ( = when), like other temporal conjunctions, takes as a 
 rule the indie, mood ; but the subj. is required when the time 
 of the cum clause is regarded as depending on the time of the 
 principal clause. This is usually the case in past time, hence 
 the rule is that cum in past time requires the imperf. or plup. 
 subj., unless (1 ) it is used in a frequentative sense, e.g. 'as often 
 as ' (but later writers, e.g. Livy, often use the subj. even in this 
 sense), e.g. mm palam rjuff avuH adpalmam convert erat, a nnllo 
 ridthatur (Cic. Off.\ ' as often as he turned the bezel of that 
 ring to his palm, he was seen by no one,' cf. xiv. 7, id cum 
 dixerat, 'as often as he had said that' ; (2) it is simply 
 equivalent to et turn, e.g. ca>itra ihi posila, cum .whito advcnere 
 Samnitium Jcijione.'^ (Livy), ' the camp had been pitched there, 
 when the Samnite legions suddenly arrived ' ; (3) the two 
 clauses mark strictly contemporaneous events, ^?<7W being often 
 added in the principal clause to mark this fact, e.g. vos him 
 paruisfis cum paruif nemo (Cic. p. Liij. 7), 'you were obedient 
 at a time when no one (else) was obedient.' 
 
 9. non satis slbl provldens, ' without sufficient forethought.' 
 Inmislt used absolutely, i.e. without an object; this, if 
 
 expressed, Mould be ' equum: ' spurred it forward against.' 
 
 11. morlbundus. The termination hrmdu.<<, or cundus, 
 denotes fulness, e.g. vn<inhundns, 'wandering'; iraciindus, 
 » wrathful.' Cf. L. Primer, p. 58, § 70 e. 
 
 12. e mediis hostibus, 'from the midst of the enemy.' In 
 many phrases the adj. is used in Latin where in English we 
 use a subst. with another subst. depending on it, and vice 
 versa: e. g. mmmus mon.9, ' the top of the mountain' ; but 
 animi dolor, ' mental pain ' ; cf. v. 3, sol orient. 
 
 14. domini lajn superstitis securus, ' relieved from anxiety 
 
40 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 41 
 
 for its master, now safe.' For the genitive domini after 
 aecurus, cf. sectlrdfuturi, Ovid; secfirus pSldgi atque mei,Verg. 
 
 VII. 
 1. Alciblades. Cf. iv. 4. note. 
 
 Pericles was a great Athenian statesman. He was born 
 about 490 B.C. (the year of the battle of Marathon), and 
 iirst took part in public affairs in 40l>, when Athens was be- 
 ginning to develop rapidly after tlie Persian wars. From this 
 time till his death in 429 he was the recognised leader of the 
 democratic party. Under his guidance Athens became the 
 most powerful state and the most beautiful city in Greece. 
 
 avunciilus (deminutive of dvitSy a grandfather) is an uncle 
 on the mother's side— a mother's brother ; pdtruus {pfUer), an 
 uncle on the father's side— a father's brother. 
 
 3. puenim docendum curavlt, ♦ had the Ixiy educated.' 
 This use of the gerundive in a final sense, as ' an oblique predi- 
 cate ' witli the direct object of certain transitive verbs, 
 e.g. euro, do, Mmci/>io, etc., is common in Latin writers, 
 especially Caesar. Cf. ponftm facieudum niratnt, 'he had a 
 bridge made ' ; agros eis habitandof< dedit, * he gave them lands 
 to dwell in ' ; me davdum ad heMias cnravit (xxx.), ' he had 
 me given to the wild beasts.' Cf. Note xiii. 1. iv., on the 
 Gerundive. 
 
 4. canere tibiis, 'to play on the pipes.' Both Greeks and 
 Romans usually played on a double pipe, composed of two 
 instruments not unlike Hngeolets, joined at the mouth-piece, 
 and spreading out in the form of a V; hence the plural U'hiae'. 
 Tibia means originally the ahin bone, and then a musical 
 instrument, pipes or flutes being at first made of bone. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. C. Fabricius Lusclnus was one of the most popular 
 heroes in Roman history. He was regarded as tiie type of 
 the old-fashioned honest warrior, M-ho was proof against the 
 luxury and corruption of the rising generation. In his first 
 consulship, 282 b.c, he defeated the Lucanians, Bruttians, 
 and Samnites ; in 280-278 B.C. he served with distinction 
 against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii.). 
 
 The Samnites were a powerful people living to the east of 
 
 f' 
 
 Rome. The Romans first came into contact with them in 
 343 B.C. ; for 50 years there was war between the two 
 nations ; at last the Samnites were conquered, but they still 
 maintained their love of freedom, and once more proved 
 formidable opponents to Rome in the Social War, 90 B.C. 
 
 2. memoratis .. rebus, abl. absolute, ' after mentioning the 
 many great services which he had rendered {7'<bns qiuie bene 
 /cci<.st() to the Samnites after the restoration of peace ....' 
 
 3. post redditam pacem. Pax reddita, * the restoration of 
 peace.' Cf. xol oj'iciis, * the rising of the sun,' v. 3. note. 
 
 4. dono, as a gift, the predicative dative, or dative of pur- 
 pose used as a complement. Cf. Hor. exit'io e.st avidmn mare 
 hautin, * the greedy sea is [as] a destruction to sailors.' 
 
 11. quft,, abl. after usus, ' for which I have no use.' 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Hannibal, the famous general of the Carthaginians in 
 the second Punic war, was born in 247 B.C. In 218 he began 
 his march from Spain into Italy, crossed the Alps, and 
 defeated the Romans in N. Italy on the Ticinus and the 
 Trebia ; then followed the great victories at Lake Trasimenus, 
 217, and Cannae, 216. In 203 Hannil>al was compelled to 
 return to Africa to oppose Scipio, who had defeated the 
 Carthaginian troops and their ally Syphax. A decisive battle 
 was fought at Zama, October 19tli, 202, in which Scipio 
 gained a great victory over Hannibal. In the following year 
 peace was made. Hannibal now set to work to prepare 
 Carthage for a fresh struggle, but his political enemies de- 
 nounced his designs to the Romans, and he was compelled in 
 193 B.C. to take refuge at the court of Antiochus the Great, 
 King of Syria, who was on the eve of war with Rome. 
 On the defeat of Antiochus the surrender of Hannibal 
 was made one of the conditions of peace ; but he fled to 
 Prusias, King of Bithynia, 188 B.C. The Romans still pur- 
 sued him. and sent messengers to Prusias demanding his sur- 
 render. Fearing that Prusias would be unable to resist this 
 demand, and not knowing whither to flee to escape the ven- 
 geance of his enemies, he took poison, 183 B.C. 
 
 2. ingentls. The ace. pi. of -i nouns of the 3rd decl. varies 
 in the mss. between -m, -e//», and e^*. All three forms seem to 
 have been used till the Augustan age, after which period the 
 
42 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 form in -es prevailed. A nom. pi. also in -is and -eis is found 
 sometimes in the mss. of Plaiitiis and Lucretius and in old 
 inscriptions. 
 
 populo Romano, dat. of the • Eemoter Object* after 
 factum.'^, the ' nearer oljject ' being htUum. 
 
 4. currus cum falcibus. The wheels of these chariots were 
 armed with projecting scythes or hooks, which kept the 
 enemy at a distance, or cut them down, as the charioteers 
 drove at full speed through their ranks. These war chariots 
 were in use among the Assyrians, Persians, Medes, and 
 Syrians in Asia, and in ?]urope among the Gauls and Britons. 
 Some have supposed that these are the ' chariots of iron ' 
 referred to in the books of Joshua and Judges ; but Xenophon 
 {Cyrop., vi. i. 30) says that 'scythe chariots ' were not intro- 
 duced into Asia Minor till the time of Cyrus. 
 
 5. elephantos cum turribus, small turrets placed on the 
 backs of the elephants, and carrying a few soldiers. 
 
 6. frenis. The bits were sometimes made of silver and gold, 
 and the bridles decorated with jewels, etc. 
 
 ephlppils. The saddles in use among Eastern nations, the 
 Greeks and the Romans, consisted sometimes of a mere skin or 
 cloth, .sometimes of a wooden frame, upon which padded cloth, 
 etc., was stretched ; from either side cloths hung down, often 
 dyed with bright colours, and decorated with fringes, etc. 
 
 monilibus, necklets used as ornaments for horses, as well as 
 for men and women. 
 
 phaleris, liosses of metal attached as ornaments to the har- 
 ness of horses and the armour of men. They were sometimes 
 hung as pendants to the horse's .saddle, and jangled loudly 
 as it charged forward against the enemy. For these military 
 ornaments cf. the well-known passage in Verg., Aen. vii. 276 — 
 
 Omnibus extemplo Teucy-is jubef online duci 
 Jnstratos osfro alipeden pictisqne tapetix ; 
 Anrea pectorihns demi'isa moiiilia peiident ; 
 Ttcti auro, j'ulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurnm. 
 
 7. putasne. Cf. ii. 5. note. 
 
 8. Poenus {Poevkvs or Pdn/cvs), properly Phoenician, but 
 applied by Roman writers especially to the inhabitants of 
 Carthage, which was founded about 850 B.C. by Phoenician 
 colonists, who came probably from Tyre. 
 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 X. 
 
 43 
 
 I. Mile was the most famous wrestler in Greece; he was 
 six times victor in wrestling at the Olympic games and seven 
 times at the Pythian games. Many stories are told about his 
 great strength : he is said to have carried a heifer four years 
 old on his shoulders through the stadium (or race course, a dis- 
 tance of about 40 yards), to have then killed it with a blow of 
 his fist, and eaten the whole of it the same day. He was a 
 pupil of the great philosopher Pythagoras, at Crotona. One 
 day the pillar on which the roof of the school rested suddenly 
 cave way, but Milo supported the whole weight of the build- 
 ing, and gave the philosopher and his disciples time to 
 escape. 
 
 Crotona was a Greek city on the S.E. coast of Ital}', 
 founded 740 B.C. by the Achaeans. It became the most 
 important city in S. Italy, owing to its trade with the E. 
 Mediterranean. It attained its greatest power in 510 by the 
 defeat of its neighbour and rival Sybaris : on this occasion 
 Milo commanded the army of Crotona. 
 
 Crotoniensia. Note the use of the adj. where we emj)loy 
 a subst. and prep., 'Milo of Crotona' ; so p\i<jna Cannensis 
 (xl. ].), ' the battle of Cannae,' etc. 
 
 3. artem athletlcam desisset. * had given up athletics.' 
 The ace. after deMuo is rare, and chiefly poetical ; but Cicero 
 {Fam. vii. 1. 4) uses arti m desif/cre. 
 
 5. rlmls In parte media hiantem, lit. * gaping open with 
 cracks in the middle.' 
 
 6. an uUae . . . adessent. Adessent is the subj. after the 
 dependent interrogative word an ; the construction is called 
 the Indirect or r)ei)endent Question, Interroqatio Obliqua. 
 Thus ' who are you ? ' is * quis ea ^ ' but ' I ask you who you 
 are ' is ' inter ro<jo quis si.s.^ 
 
 ullae. Qui'<quain (pronoun) and vllvs (adjective) are used 
 for ' any' in comparative and negative sentences, in questions 
 expecting the answer No, and in hypothetical sentences. 
 
 II. rediit in naturam, * returned to its natural {i.e. former) 
 position.' 
 
 12. ferls, dat. &{tcr ])raebv it, 'gave the man to the beasts 
 to tear to pieces.' For this use of the gerundive cf. xiii. 1. 
 note. 
 
u 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 XI. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 45 
 
 1. Romae, 'at Rome,' the locative case. This case, which 
 had ahnost died out in classical Latin, originally ended in -» 
 for the singular and -y for the plural. In some forms it still 
 survived, viz., (1) in such words as militine (earlier mih'fiai), 
 helU, • in the field,' ' at the war ' ; domi, at home ; hnmi, * on 
 the ground ' ; re.s/>en (or -e), • in the evening ' ; rmi, ' in the 
 country'; htci, 'in the light'; and the adverbs uhi, 'in which 
 place'; ihi, 'in that place,' etc. ; (2) in the names of towns— 
 Romae (earlier Romni), ' at Rome ' ; Tnrenli, ' at Tarentum ' ; 
 Carlharjini (or Carfhagine), 'at Carthage,' etc. ; (3) in such 
 phrases as animi aivjor, * I am vexed in mind ' ; maturus acvi^ 
 'advanced in age,' etc. 
 
 Curiam. The word Curia is connected with Cflres, the 
 chief town of the Sabines, and Quirites (or Cantes), the inhabi- 
 tants of Cures. It originally denoted one of the 30 divisions 
 into which the Romans and Sabines were divided when they 
 united in one community. The word was then applied to the 
 building used for the religious service of a Curia, and after- 
 wards especially to the building in which the Senate met. 
 
 2. praetextatls, i.r. wearing the tofia prneffxfn, a white 
 toga with a broad purple border, worn under the Republic by 
 the higher magistrates, by persons engaged in paying vows, and 
 by free-born children. It is said to have been adopted from 
 the Etruscans, and made the royal robe by Tullus Hoatilius ; 
 and to have been worn with the fudla by boys after the 
 reign of Tarquinius Priscus, whose son at the age of fourteen 
 slew an enemy with his own hand in the Sabine war, and 
 was allowed as a reward to wear the royal robe. 
 
 maior, more important than usual. 
 
 4. placuitque ut eam rem ne quis .... 'It was resolved that 
 no one should mention the matter until a decision had been 
 arrived at ' (lit. until it had been decreed). 
 
 ut ... ne quls, or )tp qvi-f, ' that no one,' is always used in a 
 final sentence instead of *// mwo ; so in' ifviil, iir ii//uH, and ue 
 unqtmm, instead of vt nihil, vt nvlhi!*, ut inwquam. The 
 indefinite pronoun quis is, as a rule, U8?d for ' any ' or * some * 
 in relative sentences, and after t^i, uis}^ uum, ne^ and cum; but 
 aliquis is sometimes found after «», more rarely after ne. 
 
 5. decreta esset. The subj. is required, because this is a 
 
 
 '^ 
 i 
 
 dependent sentence forming part of the Oratio Ohliqua 
 after p/acuit. 
 
 7. eglssent, subj. after the dependent interrogative quidnam. 
 Cf. X. 6. note. For the same reason videretur, line 1 1, is in subj. 
 
 9. lepidl mendacii conBlUum capit, * bethought himself of 
 an amusing falsehood.' 
 
 10. utrum ... unusne ... an .... The -ne is * pleonastic,' i.e. 
 more than is recjuired, for the sentence would be complete 
 without it -utru)n videretur nfi/in.^ ut umL>i...an {videretur 
 vhlius) ut una .... This idiom is chiefly ante-classical (found 
 often in Plautus), but Cicero uses it, ' e.st ttiam ilia distinctio, 
 utrum illudne non vuhatur aeffrefcendum ... an ...' (Cic. Tusc. 
 iv. 27, 59). Translate 'He' said the Senate had discussed 
 whether it seemed more useful and advantageous to the 
 State that one man should have two wives, or that one 
 woman should be married to two men. ' 
 
 XII. 
 
 3. matrum familias, gen. plur. of mater familias When 
 familia is compounded with iKiter, mater, filius, and fifia, the 
 old gen. sing. /awiVms is usually found, hut fami/ide also is 
 frequently used by Cicero and other writers, by Livy always. 
 In Sallust and later writers even jxitresfamiliarum is found. 
 
 4. unapoUus... duae. The order is ut una {uxor) nupta 
 feret duohus viris jH)titis quam vt duae {^ixore.s nuntae fierent) 
 um {viro). 
 
 6. esset, vellet, subj. after the dept. interrogatives quae 
 and quid ; so Institisset and dixisset. Cf. x. 6. note. 
 
 quid slbl postulatio istaec vellet, ' what that demand of 
 theirs meant.' Quid sibi res ru/f, 'what does the thiim 
 mean ? lit. ' what does it wish for itself ?' -what is its object 
 or drift? so quid tihi vis, 'what do you mean, or want'' 
 and, more rarely, quid mihi rolo, ' what do I mean, or want?' 
 
 xiir. 
 
 1. Sertorlus was a Roman general, who first distinguished 
 himself m Gaul. On the outbreak of civil war in 88 b. c. between 
 Marius and Sulla he joined the former. At first the Sullan 
 party were victorious, but when their leader went to the East 
 
46 
 
 notes: 
 
 to fight against Mitridates they were defeated, and from 87-82 
 the Marian party were supreme. In 83 (or, according to an- 
 other writer, 82) Sertorins was sent to Spain as governor in 
 the Marian interest. Finding himself unable to hold his 
 ground against the Sullan generals, he crossed to Africa, and 
 gained various successes there. The Lusitani, who inhabited 
 the western part of the Spanish peninsula, tlicn invited him 
 to become their leader against the Romans. He returned 
 with a small force of 2,G00 men, one third of whom were 
 Libyans, and then by his extraordinary influence over the 
 natives, and his great powers of organisation, succeeded in 
 forming an army wiiich for years set at detiance every effort 
 made by the generals of the Sullan party, which was now in 
 the ascendant. In 70 Pompeius was sent to Spain with a 
 large army to reinforce the Sullan generals, but for five years 
 more Sertorins held his ground. At last, in 72 B.C., he was 
 assassinated by Perperna and other of his own Roman officers, 
 who were jealous of his power. 
 
 et utendi et regendi exercitus, the gerundial attractioiu 
 When an object is e.xpressed after a gerund, the construction 
 called the gerundial, or gerundival attraction is i)referred. 
 In this construction the object is attracted (if it differs) into 
 the case of the gerund, and the gerund, taking adjectival in- 
 flections (and then called the gerundive), is made to agree 
 adjectivally with the object in number and gender. 
 
 Examples : — 
 
 a. The Ace, pratmlsit rnilites ad Gallos insetjnendos, * he 
 
 sent the soldiers forward to pursue the (Jauls. ' 
 
 b. The Gen., cauHci urbis i/t/tmlae, 'for the sake of destroy- 
 
 ing the city.' 
 
 c. The Dat., bello tjereudo me praeftrUtiH^ *you placed me 
 
 in command of the management of the war.' 
 
 d. The Abl., nt rt^stii/iis pers((jn<iidis opt^-^ata consumpsi^ 
 
 ' I spent labour in following their tracks.' 
 Tbe Gerundival Atti action is of course only used with 
 transitive verbs which govern a direct object in the ace. case. 
 The words /uiKjor, fntor, ufor, ve.^ror, pofior are exceptions ; 
 they are used both in this construction and in the construc- 
 tions explained in ii. and iii. below, because they were origin- 
 ally transitive, and governed an ace. 
 
 The gerunds and gerundives are the substantival and adjec- 
 tival forms respectively of a participle in -vdus. Under the 
 
 1 
 
 } 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 47 
 
 gerund are included the substantival forms in -ndum, -ndi, 
 ^ndo; under the gerundive the full adjectival declension in 
 •ndus, a, wm, etc. 
 
 The uses of the gerund and gerundive may be divided 
 under four headings. 
 
 i. By its o])lique cases the gerund (and the gerundive in the 
 construction mentioned above— the ' gerundival attraction ) 
 completes the active intinite verb-noun, which is only used in 
 the nom. and ace, e.g. haec ad iudkandum sunt Janltima, 
 
 ♦ these matters are very easy to decide ' ; amor a(jendi, can- 
 eiidi, etc., * love of acting, singing,' etc. ; causa atjtndi, 'for 
 the sake of acting ' ; a^ywa ufdis bihtiido, ' water useful for 
 drinking ' ; meus alitur disctndo, * the mind is nourished by 
 
 learning.' , 
 
 ii. The nom. (and in oratio ohliqua the ace.) of the gerund 
 is used intransitively with parts of the verb sum {est, erat,fuit, 
 esse, etc ), as an impersonal verb to denote necessity, duty, or 
 suitability, e.g. ininc est bibtndum, ' now it is right to drink'; 
 eimduin est, ' there is a necessity to go' ; parendum est leijlbus, 
 
 • it is necessary to be obedient to the laws.' The person on 
 whom the duty falls is expressed by the dat. case, the 'Dative 
 of the Agent,' except after verbs winch govern a dative ; after 
 these, to avoid ambiguity, the agent is expressed by a or ab 
 with the abl., e.g. eundum est mihi, ' 1 must go,' but parY7i- 
 du7n est ei a te, ' you must obey him.' 
 
 iii. The gerundive is used (1) personally as a verb, usually 
 M-ith a passive signification, e.g. ofjua hlbinda est, * water 
 ought to be drunk ' ; (2) as a mere epithet, e.g. ridenda p>oe- 
 o/iata, ' poems to be laughed at.' 
 
 iv. The ace. of the gerundive is used in a final sense as an 
 obli(iue predicate, or complement, agreeing with the direct 
 object of certain transitive verbs— r?/)o, do, suscipio, habeo, 
 etc., e.g. Caesar pontem faciendum curavlt, 'Caesar had a 
 bridge made ' ; auras eis habitandos dedit, ' he gave them the 
 lauds to dwell in.' Cf. vii. 3. note. 
 
 8. Usui, predicative dative or dat. of purpose. Cf. dono, 
 viii. 4. note. 
 
 memoria, etc. The order is memoria prodifa est neminem 
 ex his nationibns, tpiae cum S. faciebant (' who served with 
 Sertorins'), cum mv/fis proeliis superatus esset ('although he 
 ha-l b....Ti (bf(>,it(«d in many battles'), unquam ab eo descivisse. 
 
48 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 9. neminem. The gen. of this word, nerninia, is ouly found in 
 writers before Cicero, the abl. nemiue in late writers {e.g. 
 Tacitus and Suetonius), and once in Piautus ; the plural is 
 not used. Hence we have 
 
 Norn., nemOy nuUi, etc. 
 
 Ace, neminem, nuilon, etc. 
 
 Gen., niilfiti-i, iiullorum, etc. 
 
 Dat., ncmini, null is. 
 
 Abl., ntdlo or mdld, nuUis. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. alba. Albua is a dull white as opposed to ater, dull 
 black ; candidna, shining white, opposed to nitjeVy shining 
 black. 
 
 exlmiae pulchrltudlnls et celerltatis, genitives of quality. 
 
 2. done, predicative dat., or dat. of purpose. Cf. dono, 
 viii. 4. note. 
 
 5. factu, the supine in -u, used as an abl. of respect. Cf. 
 foediun dicta est, * it is horrible to state ' (lit. *in the saying'), 
 and xxiv. 2, utilia monitu snasuqne. 
 
 quid, the indef. pron. ; so cui, line 13. For its use after 
 fti cf. xi. 4. note. 
 
 7. dixerat, indie, after cum in a frequentative sense, * when- 
 ever he luul said that.' Cf. vi. 8. note. 
 
 10. in fugam se proripuit, * took to hasty flight.' 
 
 18. consuerat, indie, because it is not part of what Ser- 
 torius said, hut a statement made by the author. 
 
 quod opus esset facto, 'what had to be done.' Facto is 
 the abl. of the perf. part. pass. ; for this use cf. maturcUo, 
 properato opus est, ' there is need of haste ' ; and the similar 
 construction with the abl. of the supine, dicta opu^ est 
 (Terence), * it is necessary to speak ' ; quud scitu opas est 
 (Cicero), 'what has to be known.' 
 
 XV. 
 
 Tarqulnius Superbus, according to tradition, was the seventh 
 and last of the Roman kings (535-510 B.C.), the others being 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 49 
 
 Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, 
 Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius. 
 
 1. Llbris Sibylimis. Little is known about the famous 
 Sibylline books. They were probably derived from Cumae m 
 Campania, the seat of a celebrated oracle. At Rome they 
 were kept in a stone chest {sacrarium) beneath the temple 
 of Jupiter Capitolinus, under the charge of certain officers 
 iquindtcimviri), and consulted only by the special command 
 of the Senate. In 82 B.C. this temple was burnt and the 
 books destroyed. A fresh collection of oracles was made by 
 ambassadors sent to the chief cities of Italy, Greece, and Asia 
 I^linor. When the temple was rebuilt these were deposited 
 in the same place, but many spurious prophetic books, pur- 
 porting to be Sibylline oracles, seem to have got into circula- 
 tion at Rome, and several revisions of the books were ordered 
 from time to time. Christian writers frequently appeal to the 
 Sibylline oracles as containing prophecies of the Messiah. 
 
 2. hospita, feminine form of hospes. Cf. antistts and mcer- 
 doH, priest, autistifa and sacerdota (in inscriptions), priestess, 
 sospes and sospita, saviour, etc. 
 
 4. eoB velle vendere, '(she said) that she wished to sell them.' 
 6. nimlum atque inmensum, 300 pieces of gold, according 
 to one form of the legend. 
 
 quasi... desiperet. Quasi, * as if,' introducing a state- 
 ment which is not a fact, naturally governs the subj., ' as if 
 she were mad ' (but she was not). In sentences of compari- 
 son introduced by such conjunctions as tanquam, ceu, quasi, 
 velut etc., the subj. is usually found, because the state- 
 ment is usually not true ; but when the statement is a 
 fact the indie, is employed, e.g. Fuit olim, qua,^i mnu: 
 eqo sum, scmx (Piautus). Freciuently quasi, etc. , are used, 
 not as conjunctions introducing the sentence, but adverbi- 
 ally with a single word ; in such cases they do not atlect 
 the mood, e.g. serris respnhlica H quasi cirifas domus est 
 {PL Ep. viii. 16), * to slaves their home is a state, and, as it 
 were, a city.* Cf. xviii. 5, quasi ronsidtans cum Jove. 
 
 7. foculum. Foctdus, deminutive of /t/c?/w (a hearth). Cf. 
 ririilus, a rivulet, and rirus, a river. 
 
 {). vellet, subj. after the dependent interrogative ecqaid. 
 Cf. X. 6. note. 
 
 D 
 
50 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 10. Bed enim, 'but indeed.' Cf. the use of dXXA yhp in 
 Greek. 
 
 14. ore .. fit, 'now becomes serious and more attentive* 
 (lit. * of a serious countenance and more attentive mind '). 
 Ore and animo are ablatives of quality. 
 
 19. nusquam loci, 'nowhere in the world.' The genitives 
 locij locorum, (jentium, and terrarum are frequently used with 
 adverbs of place — uhi^ quo, wide, us<iuam, nuxiiuam, etc., e.g. 
 ubi terrarum suinim (Cic), ' where on earth are we ?' 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Maior was born in 
 234 B.C. He is Hrst mentioned in 218 B.C. at the battle 
 of the Ticinus (cf. ix. 1. note), in which he is said to 
 have saved the life of his father P Scipio. He fought at 
 Cannae, 216, and was chosen with App. Claudius to com- 
 mand the remains of the Koman army after that great 
 disaster. In 212 he was unanimously elected aedile. When 
 the tribunes objected to the election, because he was under 
 the legal age, he replied, * If all the Quirites wish to make 
 me aedile, I am old enough." In 210, at the age of twenty - 
 four, he was appointed to command the army in Spain, hav- 
 ing come forward as a candidate for the post which all the 
 old generals feared to accept. By 207 he had conquered al- 
 most the whole of that country from the Carthaginians. In 
 205 he was elected consul. He was anxious to cross over to 
 Africa and end the war by a blow at Carthage itself, but the 
 Senate, partly from jealousy, partly from timidity, opposed 
 his plans and would only grant him the province of Sicily, 
 with power to cross over to Africa if he thought it in the 
 interests of the State ; but this permission they endeavoured 
 to render useless by refusing him an army. Volunteers how- 
 ever flocked from every part of Italy to his standard, and in 
 204 he was able to land in Africa with a large force. In 203 
 he defeated Hasdrul)al and his ally Syphax, and in 202 
 brought the second Punic war to an end by a great victory at 
 Zama over Hannibal, who had been recalled from Italy. In 
 201 peace was made, and Scipio, returning to Rome, received 
 the agnomen Africanus, and was overwhelmed with every 
 mark of honour. In 100 he served as legate under his brother, 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 61 
 
 Lucius Scipio Asiaticus, in the war against Antiochus (cf. ix. 
 and xvii.) On their return the accusations mentioned in xvi. 
 and xvii. were made against the brothers. In 185 Scipio re- 
 tired into private life, and died soon afterwards, probably in 
 183. 
 
 I. trihunus pletois. The tribuni plebis were appointed in 
 494, after the secession to Mons Sacer, to protect the plebei- 
 ans against the patrician magistrates. At first they were two 
 in number, afterwards they were increased to ten. 
 
 3. ut condlcionibus, etc., 'that peace might be made with 
 him (i.e. Antiochus) on favourable conditions in the name of 
 the Roman people.' 
 
 7. diem esse hodiernum, ' that this is the day on which ...' 
 (lit. ' that it is to-day on which ...'). 
 
 9. proelio. The battle of Zama, Oct. 19th, 202 B.C. 
 
 II. simuB, 'let us not be ungrateful therefore to the 
 gods ....' 
 
 12. censeo, used parenthetically, 'I propose.' Cf. quaesOf 
 ii. 4. 
 
 13. gratulatum, the supine in -um, used to express purpose 
 after the verb of notion, eamun. 
 
 17. aedes, in sing., a ' temple ' (a single room), in the plur., 
 a ' house ' (a collection of rooms). As distinguished from 
 templum, aedes is a simple building without division into 
 rooms ; templum is a large edifice consisting of many rooms, 
 consecrated by the augurs, and belonging often to several 
 deities. 
 
 18. BOllemni. Sollemnis, from soUus (cf. 6Xos, ^alvm), whole ; 
 prop, takmg place every year, ' established,' especially of 
 festivals ; then, with the religious force predommatmg, 
 * religious,' ' festive,' ' solemn.' 
 
 XVII. 
 
 2. M. Porcius Cato, known as the Censor (234-1 49), first distin- 
 guished himself in tlie second Punic war ; in 204-3 he served 
 as Quaestor to Scipio Africanus in Sicily and Africa. From 
 this time forward he became the declared enemy of the Scipios 
 and their friends, who were introducing, he said, into Rome 
 
52 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 53 
 
 the luxury and refinement of degenerate Greece and ruining 
 the simple and honest Roman character. He served with dis- 
 tinction in Spain, 195-4, and against Antiochus, 191. In 184 he 
 was censor, and applied himself strenuously, but in vain, to 
 stem the tide of Greek luxury. He was one of the ambassa- 
 dors sent to Africa to arbitrate between Masinissa and the 
 Carthaginians, and was so struck by the flourishing condition of 
 Carthage, that on his return he insisted that, whilst that city 
 existed, Rome would never be safe. Whenever he was called 
 upon for his vote in the Senate, whatever the subject before 
 the house was, he alvvays concluded his remarks by 'And I 
 further am of opinion that Carthage must be destroyed (delen- 
 dam esne Cartha^jinem).' The third Punic war, which broke 
 out soon after his death, was largely due to his influence. 
 
 5. L. Cornelius Sclplo Aslaticus served under his brother 
 Africanus in Spain, and in 190 defeated Antiochus at Mount 
 Sipylus. Cf. xvi. 1. 
 
 3. comparati in eum. Comjmrare hominem in aliquem is the 
 regular phrase for procuring a man to attack another. ' Having 
 been set upon him ....' 
 
 4. pecuniae . rationem redderet, ' to give an account of 
 the money paid by Antiochus, and the spoil ....' 
 
 9. allatum, i.e. dUit librum allatum esse, 'he said that it 
 had been brought.' 
 
 10. aeraxium, the public treasury at Rome, in which, besides 
 the State treasure, the standards of the legions and copies of 
 all decrees of the Senate were kept. After the expulsion of 
 the kings the Temple of Saturn, at the head of the Forum, 
 was used for this purpose. 
 
 10. «ed enim, ' but indeed.' Cf. xv. 10. 
 
 11. nee me ipse afflciam contumelld,, * nor will I insult my- 
 self with my own lips (//>>e).' 
 
 12. coram, 'before their eyes.' 
 
 lo. quod cui. The order is quod ah eo ratio jrraedae po- 
 sceretur, cut mlus ... deberet, * indignant that an account of the 
 booty was demanded from a man, to whom the safety of the 
 State and constitution ought to be ascribed. ' 
 
 Acceptum aliquid re/erre tdicni, lit. ' to put down a thing as 
 received to a man's account,' ' to credit him with it'; a meta- 
 phor from banking. 
 
 I 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 2. Scipio Africanus "was unquestionably one of the greatest 
 men of Rome, and he acquired at an early age the confidence 
 and admiration of his countrymen. His enthusiastic mind 
 led him to believe that he was a special favourite of the gods; 
 and he never engaged in any public or private business 
 without first going to the Capitol, where he sat some time 
 alone, enjoying communication from the gods. For all he 
 proposed or executed he alleged the divine approval ; and the 
 Roman people gave credit to his assertions, and regarded him 
 as a being almost superior to the common race of men. 
 There can be no doubt that Scipio believed himself in the 
 divine revelations, which he asserted to have been vouchsafed 
 to him, and the extraordinary success which attended all his 
 enterprises must have deepened this belief." — Smith's Classical 
 Dictionary. 
 
 3. noctls extreme, * at the end of night.' The neuter 
 extremum is used as a substantive, meaning 'the end.' Cf. 
 extremo anniy Livy, xxxv. 11. 1 ; sub extremum noctisy Sil. 
 4. 88. 
 
 4. ventltare. Ventito is the frequentative form of venio. 
 Frequentative or iterative verbs denote repeated action : 
 they are of the first conjugation, and formed by adding -^o, 
 •aOy -ifo, or -it or to the supine stem, or, more rarely, to the 
 clipt stem, as can-to, ' I sing often ' ; cur-sOy ' I run often ' ; 
 rog-ito, * I ask often ' ; viin-ifor, ' I threaten often ' ; haes-itOy 
 * I stick fast. " Sometimes one frequentative verb is formed 
 from another, as cant-ito from canto. 
 
 ac iubere ... lovls, ' and to order the temple of Jupiter to 
 be opened.' 
 
 6. quasi consultans. Cf. xv. 6. note. 
 
 7. id temporis. For this 'genitive of the thing measured,' 
 depending on a neuter pronoun, expressing quantity, hence 
 often called the 'partitive genitive,' cf. aliquid veri, /(d.si ; 
 id aetatis ; nihil reliqui facere, * to leave nothing undone ' 
 (Caes. ) ; quantum mercedis (xxxii. 17.) ; si quid remedii 
 (xxxiv. 8.), and such phrases as navium quod uhique fuerat 
 in unum locum coegerant (Caes.). Id in this phrase is in the 
 accusative. Similar adverbial accusatives are — hoc noctisy 
 majnam partemy auam viceniy multiun, etc. The use of the 
 
 I 
 
54 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ace. has arisen from an extended use of the cognate ace. after 
 intransitive verbs (e.g. servire servitatem, dormirt nocterriy 
 dolere cdiquid, etc. ). 
 
 quod in eum solum ... Incurrerent, the order is aeditnmi... 
 admirati, quod caues, semper in alios saerieutes, neque latrarent 
 wque incurrerent in eum xolum id temporis in Capitolium in- 
 gredientem, 'because he was the only man who entered the 
 temple at that time, at whom the dogs, that always attacked 
 others, did not bark and fly.' 
 
 14. re cibaria copiosum, * well supplied with provisions.' 
 
 15. eius potiundi. Gerundival attraction, cf. xiii. 1. note. 
 
 16. ius dicebat, ' he was administering justice,' the technical 
 term. 
 
 18. in iure stare, or esse, 'to stand,* 'present oneself 
 before a magistrate ' ; in ins ire, ' to go before a magistrate.' 
 
 19. vadimonium promittere, to promise or give security 
 (bail) for a man's appearance, ' for what day and what place ' 
 {i.e. for his appearance on what day and place) 'he would 
 order security to be given.' 
 
 iuberet, subj. after the dependent interrog. quem. Cf. x. 6. 
 note. 
 
 21. sese, object, of sistere, * ordered him to present himself 
 on the third day in yonder place.' 
 
 22. atque ita factum, 'and so it happened.' 
 
 vadari. Vador aliquem= ' I bind a man over by bail ' : the 
 object, of vadari here is militem : "on the third day, on which 
 he had ordered (them) to bind (the man) over to appear." 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. caplte. Capid denotes the legal status of a citizen : be 
 lost it "as much if he were struck off the roll of citizens as if 
 his head were struck off his shoulders" (Wilkins, B. Lit. 
 Primer). "I and two others were tryuig a friend on a 
 capital charge." 
 
 4. ad casum ... medendum, 'to remedy so perilous a mis- 
 chance.' 
 
 6. ad condemnandum, sc. hominemy *I gave my vote in 
 silence for condemning the man.' 
 
 \ 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 XX. 
 
 65 
 
 W 
 
 1. Favorinus was a native of Aries, in Gaul; he was a 
 famous philosopher, and resided at different periods of his 
 life in Eome, Greece, and Asia Minor (about 110 — 130 a d.). 
 
 3. Curius. M' Curius Dentatus, consul in 290, 275, and 
 274 B.C., distinguished himself in the Samnite wars. He was 
 a favourite hero of the Romans, and celebrated as a type of the 
 old-fashioned virtue and frugality. The Samnites, it is said, 
 once sent an embassy to him with costly gifts. The messen- 
 gers found the great general silting by his hearth, and roasting 
 turnips. They proffered their gifts, but he rejected them, 
 saying that he would rather rule over those who possessed 
 gold than possess it himself. 
 
 4. Fabriclus. Cf. viii. 1. note. 
 
 Conincanius, consul 200 b.c, fought with success against 
 the Etruscans and against Pyrrus (cf. xxvii. 1. note) ; he was 
 also a distinguished lawyer, and the first plebeian who 
 became Pontifex Maximus. 
 
 5. his, abl. after the comparative anfiquiores, 
 
 antiquus, 'former,' 'ancient,' is used of what has existed 
 in past time as opposed to novus, what has not previously 
 existed, new. Vttus denotes what has existed for a long 
 time, old, aged, opposed to r^cens, what has not existed for 
 long, recent. 
 
 Horatii. The three brothers of the Horatian gens, who, ac- 
 cording to the legend, in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, fought 
 against the Curiatii, three brothers from Alba, to determine 
 whether Rome or Alba was to exercise the supremacy. 
 
 6. Auruncorum, etc., genitives depending of verbis, 'used 
 the language of the Aurunci,' etc. The Aurunci, Sicani, and 
 Pelasgi were old Italian races. 
 
 9. quasi loquare. Cf. xv. 0. note, ' quasi desiperetJ* 
 
 Euandri. The legend says that Euander, son of Hermes and 
 an Arcadian nymph, alx)ut GO years before the Trojan war, led 
 a Pelasgian colony from Arcadia in Greece to Italy, and built 
 the town of Pallantium at the foot of the Palatine hill. Vergil 
 represents Euander as still alive when Aeneas came to Italy. 
 {Aeneid, viii. 51.) 
 
 10. abhinc multis annis, 'many years ago.' To express 
 
56 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 67 
 
 * how long ago,' rt^jAe/iC and anfp are nsed with either abl. or 
 ace. case, C'f. ahhinc trknimim hue commigravit^ ' she came 
 hither three years ago' (Ter. An. i. 70). 
 
 11 quae dicas, 'anything that you say.' The subj. (a con- 
 secutive subjunctive) after the relative marks the statement 
 as indefinite ; quae dicis would mean the particular words 
 which you are actually using. 
 
 14. sit, subjunctive, because a dependent sentence in the 
 orafio ohliqua after a/v. 
 
 16. C. Julius Caesar, the Dictator, 100-44 B.C. This quota- 
 tion is from his lost work De Analogia, written, it is said, 
 when he was crossing the Alps. 
 
 18. ut tamquam, ' that you should avoid a rare word, as 
 (you would avoid) a rock.' 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus was another of the 
 favourite heroes of Koman history. His exploit here men- 
 tioned happened in 361. In 353 and again in 349 he was 
 Dictator ; in 347, 344, and 340, Consul. In this last year 
 Torquatus and P. Decius Mus gained a great victory over the 
 Latins near Mt. Vesuvius, and established the Roman 
 supremacy in Latium. It was shortly before this battle that 
 the disobedient act of his son occurred, mentioned at the end 
 of xxii. 
 
 3. torquis, a 'twisted neck chain,' as opposed to vwnih 
 (cf. ix. 6), which was made of beads, stones, etc., strung 
 together. 
 
 ex hoste detractam induit, ' he had taken from an enemj", 
 and put on himself.' A participle and verb are frequently 
 used in Latin where in English two verbs are employed, e.g. 
 scripsit se profectum cehriter ad/ore, ' he wrote (to say) that 
 he had set out and would soon arrive.' 
 
 4. fuerit, subj. after the dependent interrogative quis. Cf. 
 X. 6. note. 
 
 6. cum ... processit, etc. The indicative is used in past 
 time after cum, wheu the conjunction is purely temporal, and 
 equivalent to et turn. Cf. vi. 8, note. 
 
 7. nudus, 'unarmed.' yudus is used in many senses be- 
 sides its usual one of 'unclothed,' 'naked': e.g. ' without a 
 
 
 1 
 
 toga,' ie. 'in a tunic only,' »"rf«; ara, f « '"'f '.I'^'fg;.^'. 
 i "Wl • ' uncovered by turf,' xilex mida (Verg. h. i. IS) , 
 leafless' m,rf«m nemm ; 'without a garrison, nrbs mida. 
 r,™S (Ci^ Alt. vii. 13-1); 'destitute,' uuda scnect,^ (Juv.) ; 
 •unadorned,' nnda oratio (Cic), etc. 
 
 12 si auis veUet, uti prodiret, 'that if any one was 
 wi ling to tight him, he should step forward.' The tenses are 
 hi^s ortc because conclamant is the historical present, and 
 trerefo;e emiivalent to a past tense. Primary tenses are 
 sometimes used after a historic present, but historic tenses are 
 more common. 
 
 17 Bcuto pedestri. The srntum was an oblong or oval 
 sh eld (4 ft. by '2Ut., Polybius), made of >^;fod or wicker work 
 It was borrowed^from the Sabines and made the shield of the 
 whole Romun army, superseding the large circular chpevs 
 when the Roman soldieVs first began to receive pay, and 
 To form a permanent army instead of an irregular militia 
 (Livy, viii. 8. etc.). 
 
 cinctus in this connection is properly ' surrounded with a 
 girdle to support a shield or sword, hence armed with. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1 metu magno, 'amid great anxiety.' An ablative of 
 manner, closely akin to the " ablative absolute. 
 
 2 sua disciplina, 'according to his custom, *.e. way of 
 fighting Cf .a.;.m nos disciplina nfimnr, ' our habits are 
 the same ' (Plant. As. i. 3. 49), and disciplina mihtiae, belhca, 
 mililaris, etc., ' the art of war.' 
 
 3 cunctabunduB. Cf. mon6«m?M«, yi 11. note. The Gaul 
 stood on the alert ready to parry a blow, and waiting his 
 opportunity. Manlius disconcerted him by suddenly dashing 
 him backwards. , ^ i 
 
 7. eo oacto el , etc., 'in that way he got to close 
 quarters with him {n sucre..if) under his Gallic sword, and 
 wounded his chest with his Spanish sword sc. gladio) 1 he 
 -Snanish sword" was a short weapon, fitted for thrusting 
 and^sUbbing at close quarters; the "Gallic sword " a much 
 longer and heavier weapon. 
 
 9 pectus hauslt. Haurire of a weapon in the sense of 
 « wounding,' ' tearing open,' is found m Lucretius, Vergil, and 
 
58 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 often in Ovid: probably the sword, etc., is regarded m 
 devouring the flesh or drinking the blood (Conington). Cf. 
 Verg. Aen. x. 313 — 
 
 Huic (jladio perque aerea mta^ 
 Per tunicam sqiialentejn auro, latm haurit apertiim. 
 
 * With his sword, through brazen coat of mail and tunic stiff 
 with gold, he wounded his unguarded side.' 
 
 17. speculatum. The supine is -urn, expressing purpose 
 after a verb of motion. 
 
 pugna interdlcta, 'though he had been forbidden to tight.' 
 Abl. absolute. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. Agrum Pomptinum. The Ager Pomptinus was a low 
 plain on the coast of Latium, between Circeii and Terracma ; 
 it was originally a fertile cornland, but after the third cen- 
 tury B.C., it became more and more marshy, till at last the 
 Pomptine marshes were the most malarious district in Italy. 
 They were partially drained from time to time, but no per- 
 manent relief was afforded till the time of Pius VI. (1778). 
 The district is still the most unhealthy in Italy. 
 
 3. vasta procerltate, abl. of description. 
 
 armlB auro fulgentihus, abl. abs., 'a man of enormous 
 stature, with armour gleaming with gold.' 
 
 5. per contemptum et superhiam, ' scornfully and haugh- 
 tily.' Cf. jyer rim, * forcibly,' etc. 
 
 6. venire luhet, etc., ' bids anyone out of the whole Roman 
 arniv who dares to fight, to come forward and meet him,' lit. 
 'bids (him) come, if anyone dares.' Auderef is in historical 
 time, because iuhet is the historic present, standing for a past 
 tense. Cf. xxi. 12. note. 
 
 8 tribunus miUtaris. The tribuni militum, or militares, were 
 the chief officers of the legion ; there were originally three, 
 afterwards six, to each legion. 
 
 ceteris ... amblguis. Abl. absol., 'since the rest hesitated.' 
 11. progreditur ... obviain, ' advances to meet him.' 
 13. vis quaedam divlna fit, 'a miracle happens': lit., a 
 divine power is manifested. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 59 
 
 16. laniabat ... revolabat, the imperfects denote repeated 
 action. , 
 
 21. Btatuam etatuendam curavit, 'had a statue set up : 
 for this use of euro cf . xiii. 1. 4. note. 
 
 Augustus. Cf. xxix. 2. note. 
 
 in foro sue, the ' Forum Augusti.' There were three great 
 fora at Rome, the F. Augusti, the F. Magimm, Vetus, or 
 Komanum, and the F. Julii. 
 
 23. monimentum, in apposition to simulacrum. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1 Aesopus lived about 570 B.C. Little is known about 
 his life. He was a slave, but was freed by one of his masters, 
 ladmon of Samos. He is said to have visited Croesus, king 
 of Lvdia, and Pisistratus of Athens, and to have been sent 
 by the former to Delphi to distribute a gift of money among 
 the citizens. A dispute however arose, and he refused to eive 
 any of the money, so the angry men of Delphi threw Tiim 
 over a precipice Later stories, without good authority, 
 represent him as deformed. 
 
 e Phrygia. Cotioeum in Phrygia, Mesembria in Thrace, 
 Samos, and Sardis each claimed to be the birthplace of 
 
 Aesop. . . 
 
 2 utilia monitu suasuque. The abl. of the supine in -u is 
 regularly used as an abl. of respect. Cf. nefas visu, turpe 
 dictu, facile faclu (xxvii. 7.), etc. 
 
 5. cum audiendi quadam inlecebra, lit. ' with some charm 
 of hearing. ' 
 
 7 Bpem, etc., 'that in matters {rernm) which a man can 
 manage himself, hope and trust ought never to be placed 
 in another, but in himself,' i.e. that a man ought not to rely 
 upon another for what he can do himself. 
 
 10. Ennius. Cf. xxxviii. 9. 
 
 satiris. Satira or mtura (.sa<«r = full), properly a mixture 
 of all sorts of things, originally denoted a work vrhich dealt 
 with many subjects ; then the title was applied to poems 
 which treated ' didactically ' the follies and vices of mankind. 
 
 verflibUB quadratls, vtrnus quadrati (square) are those con- 
 taining eight or seven feet. These lines of Ennius are called 
 
60 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Septenarii or Tetrameter Catalectic verses. The principal 
 feet in them are the trochee - -, and spoiulee - -. 
 Hoc erllt tlb(i)l argftlmentum 1 semper 1 In promp|tu sTltum, 
 Nrquld 1 4ecltesa|m^cos,l quod tat(e) ', ftg^ 1 possljes. 
 
 12 semper In promptu situm, ' ever ready at hand.' 
 
 13 ne quid, etc., 'not to wait for your friends at all {quid) 
 in a matter which {quod) you yourself can do. 
 
 possies, old form of possis, pres. subj. of possum. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 2 Id temporis. Cf. xviii. 7. note, * at such a time, as a 
 rule, that the harvest is at hand when its young ones are 
 iust'becoming fledged.' , . , ., ^ 
 
 .3. ea cassita, that particular lark about which the story is 
 
 told. . , 
 
 congesserat, used absolutely {i.e without an object) in the 
 sense of making a nest, as we used the word to build. Cf. 
 Verg Ed iii. 69, locum aerlae quo coiigessere columbae. 
 
 5 dum iret. Dum, like other temporal conjunctions, 
 takes the indie, (in Oratio K.) when strictlif temporal but the 
 s^bi is required when the notion of time is complicated with 
 that' of purp(.sc, consequence, etc. In other words, rfum, 
 'whils '^alway takes the indie, dum 'untd,' the mdic. 
 usually the subj. sometimes, viz., when the idea of expecting 
 o; wa^ ng for something comes in. Here purpose ;« expressed : 
 ?to enable her to meanwhile go . . . ," till she should go. Cf . 
 miusquam emcret, xxxiii. 4. note. 
 
 6. quaesltum, 'to seek for food ' ; ^;^\^^^}^ ^^^"'^ 
 expressing purpose after a verb of motion. Cf. xvi. 13, xxu. 1 . . 
 
 7 si quid, etc., ' if anything unusual happened, tor the 
 genitive quid rei, cf. id temporis, xviu. 7. note. 
 
 11 fac eas et roges, a less peremptory way of expressing 
 a command than t^he'simple mperatiye. Cf. scnhas velim, 
 cura ut scribas, scribe sis (for si m), instead of sa ibe. 
 
 \o veniant, etc., subj. after roges, ' ask them to come ... 
 
 15 orare, the historical infinite, iised instead of a finite 
 verb In this construction, which is frequent in an animated 
 description of a scene, the pres.. inf. only « used (besides the 
 two perfects odisse and memimsse, which haxe a present 
 
 ' 
 
 I 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 61 
 
 meaning). Dr. Kennedy (Pub. Sch. Lat. Gr.. 332) treats it 
 as analogous to the omission of parts of the verb sum (e.g. 
 occisus for occisus est), as it leaves out the expression of time, 
 number, and person. ' It is used to express^ the occurrence 
 of actions without marking the order of time.' (Roby.) 
 
 17. misit qui amices roget. Boget is in subj., because the 
 relative expresses purpose: 'has sent me to ask....' M^8^t 
 is the perfect proper, ' has sent,' a primary tense, hence roget 
 is in the pres. subj. 
 
 18. otiose animo esse, abl. of quality, lit. * bids them be 
 of an easy mind,' i.e. ' bids them be easy in mind.' 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 4. l8tl, ironical, ' those friends of yours are laggards.' 
 quin ... imuB, 'why do we not rather go...?* The con- 
 junction quill { = qui, an old ablative, and -ne) is thus used in 
 exhortations and remonstrances (a) usually with the pres. 
 indie, e.g. quin coiiscendimus equos i (Livy), ' why do we not 
 mount ?' i.e. ' nay, mount at once' : {b) sometimes with the im- 
 perative, quin aspice me, ' nay, look at me " ; quin die una 
 verbo, ' just answer in a single word.' 
 
 5. cognates. Cognatus is a kinsman by blood, either on 
 the father's or the mother's side ; agnatus, a blood relation on 
 the father's side ; gentilis, a member of the same gens, and 
 bearing the same gentile name, e.g. Cornelii, Fabii ; all these 
 three classes were consanguinei, related by blood ; adfnis, a 
 relation by marriage, or sometimes merely a neighbour. 
 
 8. cognates adflnesque nuUos ferme .. , lit. 'as a rule no 
 kinsmen and neighbours were so good-natured,' she said, * as to 
 make no delay in undertaking work, and to obey orders at once.' 
 
 14. valeant, 'good-bye to...,' i.e. let us have no more to 
 do with .... 
 
 18. idubi..., the order is, ubi mater audirit ex pullis do- 
 mi num dijcitise id ... . 
 
 19. tempus cedendi et abeundi, ' it is time to go and be oflF.' 
 
 20. in ipse enlm. The order is, vertitnr enim iam in ipso, 
 cuia res e^t, non in alio, unde petitur,' lit. 'for (the work) 
 now depends upon the man himself, whose the property is, 
 
62 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 not upon another, from whom (the work) is asked,' i.e. who 
 is asked to do the work. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 1. PyrruB (318-272 B.C.), king of Epirus, was one of the most 
 famous generals of his age. In 280 he was invited to Italy 
 by the Tarentines to aid them in their struggle with Rome. 
 He defeated the Romans in two great battles, near Heraclea 
 on the Siris in 280, and near Asculum in 279, but his own 
 troops sufltered so severely that he concluded an armistice, 
 and in 278 crossed to Sicily to help the Greek colonies in that 
 island against the Carthaginians. The incident mentioned in 
 this selection afforded the pretext for the truce. In 276 
 Pyrrus returned to Italy, but he was decisively defeated by 
 Curius Deutatus near Beneventum and compelled to leave 
 Italy. He went back to Epirus, and engaged in many new 
 warlike enterprises. In 272, when retreating from Argos, he 
 was stunned by a tile thrown by a woman, and slain by the 
 pursuinf^ soldiers. Hannibal is reported to have said, that of 
 all the great generals the world had seen, Alexander was the 
 greatest, Pyrrus the second, himself the third ; or, according 
 to another version, Pyrrus the first, Scipio the second, and 
 himself the third. 
 
 in terra ItaUa, ' in the land of Italy ' ; of. xxxi. 7, tn terra 
 Grai'cia, so urbs Roma, etc., the two substantives bemg in 
 apposition. 
 
 4. Fabricius. Cf. viii. 1. note. 
 
 7. facUe factu, 'easy to do.' Cf. xxiv. 2., utilia monitu et 
 auasUy note. 
 
 12. salutem tutaretur, 'should protect himself from...,' 
 » be on his guard against ; ' lit. ' protect his safety.' 
 
 13. laudes ... scrlpsisse, ' it is said that Pyrrus wrote to 
 the Roman people, praising and thanking them ...,' lit. 'wrote 
 praises and thanks.' 
 
 populo Romano. Cf. ad senatum scripsU, line 9. The 
 rule is that, if the verb expresses or implies motion, ad with 
 the ace. is used to express the remoter object ; if no motion 
 is implied, the dative is used ; so, misit hoc ad me, but dedit 
 hoc mihi. Hence many verbs admit both constructions, as 
 they fall on the line between expressing motion and not 
 exnressing it. Scribo is one of these, for the letter has to be 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 63 
 
 sent, 80 motion is implied, but the verb itself expresses no 
 motion. This rule, however, is not always observed even in 
 prose, and far less so in poetry. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. In clrco maxlmo. The early Roman legends say that 
 when Tarquinius Priscus had taken the town of Apiolae from 
 the Latins, he commemorated his success by holding races 
 and games in the Murcian Valley, between the Palatine and 
 Aventine hills. Round the valley temporary platforms and 
 stands were erected, and the course with its surroundings 
 was called ' Circus ,' either because the spectators stood in a 
 circle, or because the races went round in a circle. Soon a 
 permanent building was erected in this valley. This was 
 enlarged and beautified from time to time, and known as the 
 Circus Maximus, to distinguish it from the many similar 
 buildings which were erected in various parts of Rome. In 
 the time of Julius Caesar the Circus Maximus was about 
 600 yards in length, and 200 in width, and held 150,000 
 people : a century later it could hold twice as many. The 
 building was used chiefly for chariot-racing ; but sometimes 
 the area was flooded, and naval battles were represented, and 
 often beasts were let loose in it to fight with one another, or 
 with men, either condemned criminals and captives, or bestiari, 
 specially trained for the purpose. This latter exhibition was 
 called venat'io, or puyna venationls. Animals were brought 
 in almost incredible numbers from all parts of the Roman 
 world to be thus slaughtered. Julius Caesar once turned 
 600 lions into the arena together, and Augustus, in the 
 Monimentuni Ancyranum, boasts that he had thus killed 
 3,500 elephants during his reign. 
 
 2. multae ibi ferae, sc. erant. 
 
 7. quasi admlrans. Cf. qnasi de.siperet, xv. 6. note. 
 
 15. videres, * you might have seen.' Cf. Livy, maesti, 
 crederes virtos, redeujit in casfra, * you would have thought 
 they had been defeated.' This use is confined to the second 
 person singular ('you' indefinite — one) ; the subjunctive is 
 explained by treating the expression as part of a conditional 
 sentence, the condition understood being the reality of the 
 subject. ' If you had been there, you might have seen ... .' 
 
64 
 
 NOTES. 
 XXIX. 
 
 9 Caesar probably Claudius, emperor 41-54 a^d. ; he was 
 the'fmutWmperor-Augustus being the first, Tiberius he 
 second and Caligula thi third. Caesar was originally the 
 name of a patrfcifu family of the Julian u^n.. The name was 
 Xn by Augustus (Octavianus), as the adopted son o the 
 Dictator C Julius Caesar : by Tiberius, as the adopted son 
 ?/ Aul'^tus Caesar : and it continued to be "-d by CahgiiU 
 Claudius and Nero, as members, by adoption, or female 
 descenr'of Caesar's family. This family became extinct with 
 Nero, bu? succeeding emperors employed the name as part of 
 their official title. 
 
 3 uni with iUl, ' had spared him alone.' 
 pepercisset, subj. after the dependent interrogative cur. ^ 
 5 proconsulari Imperlo. The Procoimdart /"»P//-»""f^^^« 
 the i^wer held by a man who acts pro confute, in the place 
 of a^onsul' As the number of Roman provinces increased 
 ?t became the custom under the Republic for nien who had 
 held throffi'ce of consul, to accept the government of provinces 
 for a year and rule these with the - Impermm Frocon- 
 sulare ''which was conferred by a specia decree of the 
 SeS ami of the people. Under the Empire the provinces 
 were divded into two groups : (1) the Senatorial Provinces 
 Uhe more peaceful ones in which no large armies were ma n- 
 taineTl which were governed with Imperium Proconxnlare, by 
 m^ who had beeii consuls or praetors: (2) the Imperial 
 Provinces, which were governed with /Va./o.ua. power by 
 Legati cdesaris, who acted as the Emperor s deputies. 
 
 Afrtcam, the Roman name for the district round Carthage. 
 10 consilium fuit, ' my plan was,' ' I purposed.' 
 U. dehili ... pede. Abl. absol., 'with one foot lame and 
 bloodstained.' xi i 4.4. ^ 
 
 oo volnere intimo expressi, ' I pressed out from the bottom 
 of The wound.' Words compounded with a^ cum, c/. and 
 ex usually govern an abl., either with or (less freciuently in 
 prose) without the preposition repeated. 
 
 o-x cruorem- cruor is 'gore,' i.e. bloo.l which has flowed 
 from a Tund ;• L,.us, eitlier ' gore,' or blood circulating lu 
 the body. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 65 
 
 XXX. 
 
 1. trlennlum totum, ace. of duration of time; *for three 
 whole years.' 
 
 2. eodemque et victu, abl. of matter ; * on the same food also.' 
 nam quas, etc. The order is— '/e»v6a< ad specitm mihi (to 
 
 the cave for me), mtmhra opimiora ferarum qnm venabatnr, 
 the antecedent ftrarum. being attracted into the relative 
 sentence, and so becoming y^)*at. 
 
 7. viam ... permensus. ' having travelled a journey of almost 
 three days.' 
 
 9. rel capitalis, the genitive of the charge used after 
 veri>s c.f condemning and ac(iuitting. AVs' capitalis is a crime 
 punishable by deatli or loss of civil rights, caput denoting 
 both life and civil status. Cf. xix. 1. note. 
 
 10. damnandum curavlt. Cf. xiii. 1. 4. note. 
 
 11. quoque, the lion, as well as I, having been captured. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 1. in terra Graecia. Cf. in terra Italia, xxvii. 1. note. 
 
 fama celehri, abl. of (luality, *of great reputation.' 
 
 5. Athenis, *at Athens,' the locative case. Cf. xi. 1. note. 
 
 Electram, etc. The order is— ac^wnw Ehctram Sophoclis, 
 di^hthut (ie>itare ^uimin quasi cum Orcsti osaihus, * being about 
 to play the part of Sophocles' Electra {i.e. the part of Electra 
 in the play of Sophocles called ' the Electra ') he had to carry 
 an urn, supposed to contain [quasi cum) the bones of Orestes. 
 Women's characters were played by men both on the Greek 
 and on the Roman stage. ^ i 
 
 When Agamemnon, king of Argos and Mycenae, returned 
 from the Trojan war, he was murdered by his wife Clytaem- 
 nestra. Electra, their daughter, contrived to save her young 
 brother Orestes, and send him to the court of Strophius, king 
 of Phocis. After some years Orestes returned in company 
 with Py lades, tlie son of Strophius. At first he pretended to 
 be a messenger from Strophius, who had come to announce 
 the d*-ath of Orestes in a chariot race, in token of which he 
 brought an urn containing, he said, the ashes of the dead 
 man Finally, he made himself known to Electra, and then 
 blew Clytaemnestra and her lover Aegisthns. 
 
66 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 « ^, i«- AQ^ lOfi the ereat Athenian tragic poet, was 
 here mentioned, is one. . 
 
 'trql"»l Ore.tl amplexus. Ore^li is the gen. depending 
 on oi^i^a understood. , 
 
 1" Itaque. etc., lit. 'and so when a play seemed to be 
 represented, (true) grief was represented 
 
 When the g-' ^.e t:*,' 7^ ^Wafgh^r ' hi 
 
 T''f "'r^hrhis ecen" Lpertnce of real grief gave a new 
 de>^laied that '?'^^'<"=™f „;,''.,, the other hand, in his famous 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 r:raV'se';:;e,^airdtnce 'ho^snhj. For this sense of 
 ad,H>ca„erHni of. the Enghsh word < advocate. 
 ,. Den^osthenes the gre.^^^^^^^^^ ^tSeUfht 'wh,.^: 
 
 re; wpi|^f't^ f fe; - (^-rfHe'^-rde^ry 
 
 donian kings Phdip and ^^•^^•"'•'t'' 7,;„ "•. Sv ^^j one of the 
 
 '^'"fimrt^lt"^ trade:'":^ a* w:rm->snTponer of the 
 most impoitani. ^'^","*'*^^ , ^ • u^own to have been an 
 
 ^^;:.'::^: ^'^r^l^^^^^- '- "- -' 
 
 not to Demosthenes. i „„ f^ 
 
 11 lana multa ... circumvolutas, lit.; wrapped round as to 
 his neck wrJmich wool.' ColUun is the ace. of respect. 
 
 12 eo, for that reason, therefore. , , ... *u f 
 U. non Bynanchen ... sed ax^anchen, 'that his throat 
 
 NOTES. 67 
 
 was inflamed not by cold, but by gold.' Argyranche 
 {dpyvpayxv) is a sarcastic word coined to imitate synanche 
 {(Tvvd.'yx'O)^ * an inflamed throat.' 
 
 15. quin ... quoque, * nay he even prided himself upon it,' 
 lit. ascribed it as a glory (dat. of purpose or complement, cf. 
 viii. 4. note) to himself. Quimtiani is more common than the 
 simple quin in this sense. 
 
 17. quantum mercedls. For this 'genitive of the thing 
 measured,' usually called the 'partitive genitive,' depending 
 of a neuter pronoun, cf. id tcmporU, xviii. 7. note ; * how 
 much pay he had received for acting.' Accejnnsct is subj. 
 after tlie dependent interrogative quantum. 
 
 18. uti ageret, lit. in order to act ; a final sentence. So 
 *%it tacerem.' 
 
 19. talentum, the Attic talent, £243 15s. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 1. Marcus Tullius Cicero, the famous Roman orator, was 
 bora near Arpinum on Jan. 3rd, 106 B.C. He was consul in 
 63 B.C., and was murdered Dec. 7th, 43 B.C., by the emissaries 
 of M. Antonius. 
 
 in Palatio, the Palatium or Mons Palatinus was the hill on 
 the S.W. of the Roman Forum. On it the original city is 
 said to have been built. 
 
 2. in praesens, sc. tempiis, ' for the present.' Praesens, the 
 pres. participle of praesum, and ahsens, the pres. participle of 
 absuju, are the only forms in which the pres. participle of 
 nujn is found. 
 
 P. Sulla, the nephew of the great Dictator, L. Sulla, was 
 accused of complicity in the Catilinarian conspiracy. He was 
 defended by Cicero and Hortensius— the famous rival of 
 Cicero, and, though certaudy guilty, was acquitted, 62 B.C. 
 
 mutua ... tacita accepit, ' accepted as a secret loan ... .' 
 
 sestertium viciens, 2,000,000 sestei-tii, i.e. about £19,000. 
 The unit for reckoning large sums was the se.sterdiis or 
 liutnmus (J of a denarius, the ordinary silver coin in use, 
 or 2^ asses), in value about 2|d. Up to 2,000 the cardinal 
 numbers were prefixed, e.g. centum sestertii, mille sestertii, 
 etc. The gen. plur. of sestertius is sestertium ; so 2,000 
 sestertii is dvo millia sestertium. This form sestertium in 
 
 ( 
 
G8 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 .J ;f it were a neuter singular. Hence 
 time became treated as f i* »^J%,.,^ ,,„erlia was wntten, 
 
 for duo ""'''«/"^''''';''^' ' f the numeral was often used, 
 as the 'distribu .ve' orni °' ^ , oo',,0«0 ,s...^.w;i we have 
 Hence for sums from -•*«?, "P„^Vxaw. a oesl'riia, etc. For 
 duo or Una «-'-'--;"' ' ; t« he 'numeral adverb was 
 sums above V***^i thus "oOO.OOO «»/«'» was written 
 generally <^'"P'">"'' ■*,"''7jinc.'.r^-«m. which was gener- 
 
 %-iens «»'««" ('ir""'!"^, "",;",•„„,, or rkk,,:< alone. 
 My contracted mto ^'-^^^'^^ „„,„,„„,„, like other 
 4. Prtusftuam emeret. Pn '<.7«am ^^^^ i„aicative ; but 
 
 temporal conjunctions, "»« ' ^ b,; , ;, expected, and its 
 whe^n they introduce =^° «\^'^*;^ '^Vj convey any idea of 
 occurrence prevented, ••^•"°™e subjunctive. Cf. note on 
 
 purpose, they "^"^"^J^ "before he could buy." 
 
 S«m iret, xxv. o Irai slate ^ ^^^^ , ^ 
 
 ,..Te?s w:rT» at toU V,ut the law was evaded in 
 ■"^o" ^S^ridendu.. 'amidst his laughing.' Cf. note on 
 
 the gerund, xui. 1. d-Kocvos-oTiros (.*-)<"!), "<>* havi-ig 
 
 iKo.vovin"; («,^-f-;:ri -not frJud in extant (Ueek works. 
 
 common sense, ^he 7''' ^^^ k„„„ that. ' Tins 
 
 U. cum Ignoratls because yo .^ common in 
 
 use of cum with them^'V' but only used by Cicero after 
 
 -^ :^^t:l^'ora^"'''^- Later writers do not 
 
 "t]^ mammas -it t^l-torynrUVn^roUno 
 careful master of the household to say t^^^ ^^^^ , j 
 
 buy what he wishes to P"/-ofa»e - nature to err, etc. 
 
 £!--" ';f "!f :::f r.r:xplaUiedTy saymg that ^it depends 
 
 Lt lie y*io»^^ ^ i ;f w anv man s nature tu^-y, -— • 
 /,omt;u's .s^ en-a»v, it ^^ /^^^ '"^ -^^ that it depends 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 upon some _ 
 etc., understood. 
 
 .f fhPT^eiks of Mens Esquilinus, 
 3 Mons Cispiua was one of the pe.iKs oi 
 
 on the E. of the Forum. •.,.,,,, jtive verbs, especially 
 
 suheuntes montem. ^Ian> "^^ransm ^^^^^^^^ f « 
 
 verbs of motion, ^Jl^'^^:^^, chiefly prepositions 
 by being compounded ^^^th V^^V 
 
 KOTKS. 
 
 69 
 
 which covern an ace, e.g. adire, rlrcvmvfmre, adsiare, 
 fulhqni, oppvrjnarc, etc. But many of these compounds 
 covern a dative, instead of, or as well as, an accusative e.g. 
 adlahU succedere. Some verbs compounded with prepositions 
 which govern an ablative take an accusative, e.g. conveim'e, 
 expiKjuarc, etc. 
 
 4 Insulam. InsvJa was a house for poor people, let out in 
 rooms or Hats to several families ; as opposed to dormu^ the 
 large mansion of a single wealthy family. 
 
 multis ... editam, built to a great height with many floors. 
 7. magni, nominative, 'the profits of city property are 
 great. ' 
 
 8 si quid remedii. For the gen. cf. /(/ (empon^ xviii. /. 
 note, • if any remedy could have been found to prevent houses 
 burning so constantly at Rome, I would have sold .... 
 
 10 venum dedissem. Vemim (neuter) is only found in the 
 classical period in the ace. sing., but Tacitus u.ses 7-e?<o, and 
 still later writers vcuvi. Vemim do-oitcn written as one 
 word, vemmdo, contracted into rendo-h'l give for sale ; 
 vnium eo-often written remo-is ' I am for sale, l^or the 
 ace. cf. peM.-<imi dare, * I give to destruction, and ;7€.s-.s«;» we, 
 • I go to destruction. ' 
 
 12. annalem undevlcenslmum, ' the nineteenth book of the 
 history (annals) of Q. Claudius ... .' 
 
 13. Mitridati, genitive ; cf. Oresti, xxxi. 6. note. 
 
 14. defenderes, subj. after the dependent interrogative ^wo. 
 15 L Cornelius Sulla, surnamed Felix, was born in 1.S8 and 
 
 died*78 B c. He first distinguished himself in Africa, wlieji 
 servinf^ under Marius in tlie campaign against Jugurtha (10/- 
 106) °In 88 he was appointed to the command of the war 
 against Mitridates, but Marius, eager to obtain this for him- 
 Belf "ot a new law passed transferring the command to him- 
 self' ° Sulla thereupon marched upon Rome with his troops, 
 and Marius fled, only to return and deluge the streets of 
 Rome with blood, when his rival had sailed for the East 
 The siege of Athens here referred to took place in 8b : in »cJ 
 Sulla returned to Rome, and quickly overthrew the i^mains 
 of the Marian party, Marius having died in 8G. In 81 Sulla 
 was appointed Dictator. He devoted two years to reforming 
 tlie State, and restoring the power of the senate and aristo- 
 
70 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 cracy. and then retired into private life m 79. In the 
 following year he died. 
 
 Piraeum. Piraeus, Munychia, and Phalerum were the 
 three harbours of Athens. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 1. Arion. This story about Arion comes ^^l? ^\he Oroek 
 
 historian Herodotus. Perlander 7^^' f>:^"\.,; ^^^'^"^e 
 from G2.-) to :^o u.c. Like most of the Greek tyrants ne 
 was a patrcm of art and literature. 
 
 nobilis is common in the sense of ' fjxmous ' as well as m 
 its technical use of one whose ancestors had held curule olhce. 
 
 Methymnaeus. Methymna was a town at the northern 
 extremity of Lesbos. 
 
 5 viseret, the imperf. suhj., because prqfici.sahir is the 
 . M;t^fcal present ' standing for a past tense. Cf . xxi. 12. note. 
 
 8. ut notiores, * as better known ... .' 
 
 10. in altum, ' the deep sea.' 
 
 11. de necando Arione, gerundial attraction, tf. xni. /. 
 
 """^l carmen orthium, Greek vdnos 6p^tos, lit. the loud, 
 high'song, was the name for a shrill, stirring air. 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 2. cursum . . . tenuenint, ' held on their course. » 
 
 4. fluitanti sese homini subdidit, ' placed itself under the 
 
 floatiiii? man.' .it- 
 
 >; incolumlque corpore et omatu, al.l. ol.sol , ' carric.l lum 
 t., l-u7(° "va-^) at Taenarum, in the country of Lacon.a w th 
 hoa'y anJ clothes unharn.ea.' Ta^mrum is the ace. of place 
 
 whither.' . , ..i i i ^e 
 
 m terram Laconicam, lit. * to Taenarum into the land of 
 
 Lacoma-^ 8o ' he set out fur Carthage in Africa is ^ proj.dus 
 
 est Carthct'/mem in Afriram: ^ ,, ^ w f 
 
 6. Taenarum was a promontory and town in the b.W. ot 
 Laconia, now Cape Matapan. ^, ^ , i 
 
 7. devexit, 'carried down,^ i.e. to land. The Greeks and 
 
 yOTES. 
 
 71 
 
 not expecting him, in tne same b^"'^ v , ' 
 in {qualis) (when) carried on the dolphin. 
 
 quasi falleret. CL qna.i de, si pcret, xv. C.. note. 
 
 ?2. disslmulanter, secretly, hiding ^^^-fl^^i:;:^ZZr 
 
 6i7nido is expressed in the pentameter- ^^ 
 
 «• Quod non es simnlas, di.ssinuda.^'ine quod (^s ^ 
 . you pretend w^hat you are not, and hide what you are ^ 
 13 audissent, subj. after the dept. interrogative ccqmd 
 unde venissent, subj. because a dept. sentence m the 
 interroqatio obliqua, after intcrroqarK. 
 
 1 1 L infitias ' to deny ' For the phrase, cf. ire exeqma^, 
 18. ire infitias, to aeny. i phrases must be 
 
 Ho attend a funeral. ihe acc^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ 
 
 compared with the ace. oi pi ^ ^^^^ 
 
 "^'''"''^ ^Tx^^^ss^n^pos ':ftr^; Tb of motion, e.g. 
 Sr;r!vL«,,:,sTmS,.« ..0 (Horace), ' Maecenas goes to 
 play, I to sleep.^ _ introduces the substantival 
 
 .ir%:rt^'. r .«;' wJl^S, U the subiect of e. 
 21. delphinus and homo are in opposition with .imidaaa. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 1 ruris colendl insolens. 'ignorant of agriculture.' For 
 the L^erundial attraction, cf. xui. 1. note. 
 
 3 qui . sclret, 'since he knew ,' the rclaUve «hcn 
 useh ?n a causal sense governs the subjunctive. 
 
 10. faceret, snbj. after the .lept. .nterrogat.ve cur , he 
 imked why he was making .... , -.i 
 
 n CTatlas agens. The plural </r«^«« is always used w.Hr 
 Jle bJt'ltttr refirre, Uere sentire, etc., the singular, 
 i,ra(ia»i, is most commonly found. 
 
 15. imperltus goes closely with detnmcM. In English we 
 
72 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 shoukl use the adverb, ' ignorantly (or, in his ignorance) cuts 
 the tops off — ' 
 
 vites suas slbl omnes et oleas, 'all the vines and ohvos 
 that he possessed." 
 
 IS pomis gignendis felicia, lit. all the twigs /productive 
 for bearing fniit." i.. 'all the fruit-beanng twigs. Povm 
 r,v,uendh is the dative after ///c/a. For the gerundiNC at- 
 traction cf. xiii. 1. note. ^ 
 
 feUcia The root of fVIix is the same as the root oijcrnwlu^ 
 (fruitful), fcfv. (offspring), etc. Hence the earliest meaning 
 of fclix is fruit-bearing : in this sense it is used in Lucretius 
 Ovid, Livy, etc., and the adverb /.//Viu-s in \erg. {htc settles, 
 illic veniunt felicius urae.—Georg. i. 54.) 
 
 XXXVIIT. 
 
 1. Mitridates VI., king of Pontus. 120-03 ^.c., was the 
 most powerful foe whom the Romans encountered in the hast. 
 The first xMitridatic war was brought to a successtul con^ 
 elusion by Sulla in 84 r..r. ; the second 83-82 k.(., was 
 uneventful; the third, 74-03 bc, in which l'-n!l-»"« '[j^^ 
 tinguished himself, ended in the flight and suicide of the 
 king, as described in line 8. 
 
 2 quorum ... cavebat, 'by the continual use of which ho 
 protected himself from secret attempts at banquets ; iimlartun 
 is a descriptive genitive depending on iiis„(,i'<. 
 
 3. quin ... est. Cf. quia quoqiw, xxxii. 15. note, 'nay, he 
 even . . . . ' 
 
 ostentandi gratia, ' to show off.' 
 
 in ultima regni, ' to the most distant parts of his kingdom, 
 q Q Ennius ('230-109 r..('.), though a Greek by birth, spent 
 hi; "life at Uome, and was regarde.l by the l^^'^'^^V? ^« ^^^^^^ 
 father of their poetry, alt.r Jlomervs (Horace). His most 
 important work was the Animh., an epic poem upon the 
 history of Rome. Only a few fragments of his writings base 
 
 reached us. , i i- i • 
 
 10. Osce. The Osci were a primitive people who lived in 
 
 Campania. 
 
 14. lingua locutus est, 'he spoke in the tongue and Ian- 
 guage of each as skilfully as if he ha.l been of that nation. 
 
 i 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 1 eloquentiae discendae causarumque orandi cupidus, 
 lit ' was anxious to learn eloquence and to plead causes. 
 
 ?iTn or tlTc ordinary ace. after tl,e gerun,!) is very rare • In t 
 
 ' we hail'the power of choosing examples. 
 
 . ... „..,n„am sese dedlt, ' entered himself as a pupil ot 
 rrr "S^rKavrhLtlf io the teaching of Protagora. 
 
 '\ Protaeoras of Abdcra, in Thrace, was born about 480 b c. 
 »nd di"1?rro.,. He came to Athens |;ej-e the year 4U 
 
 So::;;Herth'o' e!:nlnU^^a ^^^,^^ -ght for 
 ^^^^' « .fn Tho order \s-promisU sc. dnfnnim 
 
 ''T'Z' vrimo die 'on the first day on which he pleaded 
 
 Ji Zl ^^""c ihe antecedent ;,W,»o '{-.'l^^^^^'^^f^ 
 
 ?he relative clauses, a common construct.on .. Latm. Cf. xxx 2^ 
 
 8. causas ... reclperet, 'did not underUke cases, ,... tuke 
 
 ^to" mem contestatur is the technical phrase for setting 
 a iuit m, foot by call.ng witnesses; 'he brings an action 
 against Kuathlus.' , 
 
 17 ex sententia, in accordance with the votes of tie 
 3,aies '"/.a' is an expressed opinion, hence our 
 
 ' sentence.' ^ 
 
 18 secundum te, ' in your favour. 
 
 24'. pro causa mea senserint, ' shall have pronounced in 
 my favour.' 
 
 XL. 
 
 V oifiTin Pf ix 1 Note the use of 
 1 proelium Cannensfe, 210 b.c. Ct. ix. i. ly l 
 
 the adjective, where we use a subst. and prep., the battle 
 Cannae.' 
 
74 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 o electos misit, ' sent to Rome ten men chosen out of our 
 captivls! r.-.-'Telec'tedtenof our captives and sent them to 
 Rome.' Cp. xxi. 3. note. , 
 
 3 videretur, ' if it seemed good to the Roman people. 
 
 4 auGS alteri plures acciperent, 'whom the ?ne side 
 receiN^^l more (than the other)' ; vlure. ^s ace. quahfying g.o.. 
 
 5. argenti, etc., 'a pound and a half of silver by weight. ^ 
 
 6 hoc iusiurandum eos adegit, ' bound them by this oath 
 
 * to bind a man by an oath,' was more common 
 
 19 T^ostUminio M.vtherightof/;o.s/;/m/»t«m. Poxthmmxum 
 is ^'thrrt™of ri',hts b/a person returned r.n cap mty 
 L fhP rppovei-v of rights over a person or thing recovered 
 ? ... hostile Jssession ^' (Poste's Gaiw^, § 129), since a man 
 
 poH from the same root as potv.ta. and pox>^es.io. ^ 
 liberates religione, ' freed from their obligation 
 
 ""''04 censores Two censors were elected every five years 
 
 irEus .:£,; t z St <^^ 
 
 were ^i; tu i. ^vpivise a supervision over the 
 
 and f'-^ PJ^P-*j^ •„ -Ur;u u^^^^ by the no>a 
 
 ^:r:ri.:an!r,i:^'arthe,n i./vanous way. The co„se<iuence 
 of the nota was ijuominia. 
 
 EXERCISES 
 
 TO BE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN. 
 
 [The words in brackets are not to be translated.] 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Vergil used to produce his verses like a bear. 
 
 2. The verses of Vergil were at first rough and un- 
 
 finished. 
 
 3. He used to polish and correct his rough verses like 
 
 a bear. 
 
 4. That animal by licking gives features to its shape- 
 
 less offspring. 
 
 5. All the verses of Vergil were afterwards polished 
 
 and corrected. 
 
 6. The oftspring of that animal is at first rough and 
 
 shapeless. 
 
 7. It ])roduces a shapeless offspring, but afterwards 
 
 licks and forms it. 
 8 The rough verses were polished and corrected by 
 VergU, as (its) offspring is licked and formed by 
 that animal. 
 
 75 
 
76 
 
 EXEUCISES. 
 II. 
 
 1 Philvmon was an author by no means equal to 
 
 ,.I)o^::^Mush, whenever you a^^^^ 
 
 contests *? i»r j,»^ 
 
 3 Philemon .lid not blush when ho met Menander 
 
 4. PhLon often defeated Men.nder .n those con- 
 
 tests 
 
 5. Menander will meet Philemon by ^l^'^' ^^ 
 
 6. Menander, a writer of comed.es, defeated Phdemon 
 
 bv bribery. i 
 
 7 MenLder and Philemon were by no moans equal. 
 8. How do you defeat me in these contests] 
 
 III. 
 
 1. A wonderful thing is told by Plutarch about the 
 
 2 Grirt weights were placed by the ,.bilosophet. on 
 
 the stem of that palm tree. 
 3. The tree will not Jield, but wUl r.se agamst the 
 
 crreat weight. . 
 
 4 Th:y have made the palm the emblem of victory. 
 
 5 Why is this tree an emblem of victory m battle 
 
 6 Til; stem of the tree wa. not bent by the we.gbts 
 
 ;. PhlloireU many wonderful tales about ibis 
 
 8. ThLTree was made by the Greeks the emblem of 
 victory. 
 
 EXERCISES. ' ' 
 
 IV. 
 
 1 Tt is sai.l that Xanthippe was the wife of Socrates 
 
 . .JZt^f^^^ -^-I-d wife, Xanthippe 
 
 3 Held not'drive his quarrelsome wife from home. 
 4: r can bear the impertinence of the others more 
 
 5 Thl'wifc of Socrates was very quarrelsome both 
 C Th^^ilVScrates wondered at his bad-tem- 
 
 , WhThaV;t quarrelsome and bad-tempered wife 
 „ot been driven from home? 
 
 sopher. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Voluntary labours used to strengthen the body of 
 
 Socrates, 
 o He used to stand day and night motionless. 
 
 3. Socries lived in perfect health for almost lus 
 
 whole life. , . , fV,n 
 
 4. A plague ravaged Jhe city of Athens lu the 
 
 5 Soc^rlleskeirtT^ Wily vigour during the plague 
 
 which ravaged Athens. 
 C. He used to stand with his eyes duected to the 
 
 same place. 
 
78 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 7. Socrates bore very many labours to strengthen 
 
 his body. 
 
 8. He directed his eyes to the same place from one 
 
 sunrise to the next sunrise. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. King Alexander had a wonderful horse called 
 
 Bucephalas. 
 
 2. No one, except King Alexander, could mount this 
 
 horse. 
 
 3. The king, seated on this horse, performed many 
 
 brave deeds in the Indian war. 
 
 4. Darts were thrown from all sides at King Alex- 
 
 ander. 
 
 5. The king was carried back at full speed by the 
 
 dying horse from the middle of the battle. 
 
 6. A town, called Bucephalon, was built by Alexander 
 
 in that place. 
 
 7. The horse was pierced by many wounds and fell 
 
 down almost lifeless. 
 
 8. Alexander built a town in India, which he called 
 
 Bucephalon in honour of his wonderful horse 
 Bucephalas. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. Alcibiades w^as educated by his uncle Pericles. 
 
 2. A flute-player endeavoured to teach Alcibiades to 
 
 play the flute. 
 
 3. The flute was handed to Alcibiades l)y his master. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 79 
 
 4. The flute was thrown away and broken by the boy 
 
 Alcibiades. 
 
 5. The Athenians imanimously ceased to play the 
 
 flute. 
 
 6. The uncle caused the boy to be taught to play the 
 
 flute. 
 
 7. The wise uncle caused many masters to be sum 
 
 moned. 
 8 Flute-playing was formerly considered by the 
 Athenians a most honourable accomplishment. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. The Samnites sent ambassadors to C. Fabricius, 
 
 the Roman general. 
 
 2. They off"ered the Roman general a large sum ot 
 
 money as a gift. 
 
 3. Many things were lacking to the magnificence ot 
 
 his home. 
 4 Fabricius could control his eyes, mouth and ears. 
 5. Fabricius was unwilling to receive the money from 
 
 the Samnites. 
 6 The Samnites know (how) to use the money. 
 
 7. Fabricius did many things for the Samnites after 
 
 peace had been made. 
 
 8. The Roman general was unwilling to use the 
 
 Samnite money. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1 The king had collected his forces on the plain. 
 2. King Antiochus was about to make war on his 
 enemies, the Roman people. 
 
80 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 3. The army of the king was glittering with gold and 
 
 silver trappings. 
 
 4. He manoeuvred his chariots, cavalry and elephants. 
 
 5. These things will be enough for the greedy 
 
 Komans. 
 
 6. Many elephants had been collected by Antiochus. ^ 
 
 7. Hannibal jeered at the cowardice of Antiochus' 
 
 soldiers. 
 
 8. The king had collected chariots with sickles and 
 
 elephants with turrets. 
 
 X. 
 
 1. The death of Milo was wonderful and pitiable. 
 
 2. Athletics were abandoned by Milo (when) ad- 
 
 vanced in age. 
 
 3. A large oak was standing near the road. 
 
 4. He thrust his fingers into the hollows of the tree. 
 
 5. Milo endeavoured with his fingers to tear open the 
 
 oak. 
 
 6. The tree returned to its natural position and shut 
 
 in his hands. 
 
 7. The man was torn to pieces by wild beasts. 
 
 8. The oak was torn open by the hands of Milo. 
 
 XI. 
 
 1. The Koman senators used to enter the senate-house 
 
 with their sons. 
 
 2. The senators were consulting about a very impor- 
 
 tant matter. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 81 
 
 3. No one spoke about the matter, (which had been) 
 
 adjourned to the next day. 
 
 4. The mother of the boy Papirius was very anxious 
 
 to hear the matter. 
 
 5. It is advantageous to the state for one man to have 
 
 two wives. 
 
 6. The boy was unwilling to tell his mother those 
 
 Tnitters 
 
 7. In that city one woman was not married to two 
 
 men. ,, 
 
 8. I must bo silent, for I am not allowed to tell you 
 
 this. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. On hearing this she betook herself in alarm to the 
 
 other women. 
 
 2. Next day a crowd of women came to the senate- 
 
 house. 
 
 3. What is this crowd of women, and what do these 
 
 demands meani 
 
 4. The boy advances into the middle of the senate- 
 
 house and says these tlungs. 
 
 5. Afterwards no boy entered the senate-house except 
 
 Papirius. 
 
 6. The name (of) "Practextatus" was given to the 
 
 7 TheTomen were frightened and surrounded the 
 
 senate-house weeping and praying. 
 8. The senators wondered, when they saw the crowd 
 
 of matrons. 
 
 F 
 
82 
 
 EXERCISES, 
 
 EXERCISES 
 
 83 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Sertorius was an energetic general, ski Hod in com- 
 
 manding an army. 
 
 2. In times of difficulty he used to pretend dreams 
 
 and tell lies to the soldiers. 
 
 3. A certain man gave Sertorius a white doe of re- 
 
 markable beauty. 
 
 4. This doe has been presented to me by heaven. 
 
 5. The doe used to converse with Sertorius and ad- 
 
 vise him. 
 G. He announced that the doe had given him this 
 advice. 
 
 7. The soldiers willingly obeyed Sertorius as if (he 
 
 were) a god. 
 
 8. The doe, which had been given him as a gift, was 
 
 of remarkable beauty and extraordinary speed. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. The doe, alarmed by an inroad of the enemy, took 
 
 to flight. 
 
 2. The doe one day hid in a neighbouring marsh, and 
 
 was searched for in vain. 
 
 3. It was believed that Sertorius' doe had perished. 
 
 4. Sertorius ordered the man, who found the doe, to 
 
 be silent. 
 
 5. The doe appeared to me in the middle of the night 
 
 and foretold what must be done. 
 
 6. The doe was suddenly let loose into the room, in 
 
 which Sertorius and his friends were sittiuiij. 
 
 \ 
 
 
 7. The credulity of these barbarians was very useful 
 
 to the general. 
 
 8. No one deserted Sertorius, though he was often 
 
 conquered. 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. An old woman brought nine books to King Tarquin. 
 
 2. She said that she wished to sell the books, which 
 
 she had brought. 
 
 3. The woman demanded an immense (sum of) money, 
 
 and therefore the king laughed. 
 
 4. Three out of the nine books were burnt before the 
 
 king's face. 
 
 5. The king said that the old woman was certainly 
 
 mad. 
 
 6. She sold these books for the same price that she 
 
 had demanded for all. 
 
 7. Tarquin at first despised the old woman, but 
 
 afterwards bought the three remaining books. 
 
 8. The books, which this old woman sold to Tarquin, 
 
 are called the Sibylline (books). 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. Scipio Africanus did not receive money from King 
 
 Antiochus. 
 
 2. Scipio made peace with Antiochus on favourable 
 
 terms. 
 
 3. Many charges were made against Scipio by M. 
 
 Naevius. 
 
I 
 
 84 EXERCISES. 
 
 4 This is the day on which Scipio conquered Hanni- 
 bal in a very great l)attle in Africa. 
 
 5. This victory of Scipio in the land of Africa was 
 
 very famous. 
 
 6. They went to the Capitol, to give thanks to Ju- 
 
 piter. . . 
 
 7 The assembly did not pass sentence on bcipio. ^ 
 8. They all followed Scipio to his house with rejoic- 
 ing's and congratulations. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. Cato, Scipio's enemy, won over a certain tribune, 
 
 named Petilius. 
 
 2. He was unwilling to give an account of the money 
 
 and spoil to the senate. 
 
 3 Scipio produced a book, in which was written an 
 
 account of the money and the spoil. 
 
 4 He tore the book to pieces with his own hands 
 
 5. The safety of the state ought to be ascribed to 
 
 Scipio. 
 
 6. He rose and produced a book, in which were the 
 
 accounts. 
 
 7 I will not read the accounts to you, for 1 am 
 
 unwilling to insult myself 
 
 8 Scipio had taken much money and spoil in the 
 
 war against Antiochus, and had written an 
 account of it in a book. 
 
 XVIII. 
 1. Old writers have told many (tales) about the life 
 and deeds of Africanus. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 85 
 
 2. Before dawn Scipio used to go to the temple of 
 
 Jupiter. 
 
 3. The dogs did not attack Scipio as he went to the 
 
 Capitol. 
 
 4. The attendants of the temple wondered that the 
 
 dogs did not bark at Scipio. 
 
 5. Scipio was attacking a very strong town, situated 
 
 in Spain. 
 
 6. There was small hope of taking this strong town. 
 
 7. He ordered bail to be given by the soldier for 
 
 (his appearance on) the third day. 
 
 8. Scipio stretched out his hand towards the town, 
 
 which he was attacking. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. The man must be condemned by the law. 
 
 2. I consulted about the life of my friend with the 
 
 judges. 
 
 3. I persuaded the other judges to acquit my friend. 
 
 4. He silently gave his vote for condemning the man. 
 
 5. The duty of a friend and of a judge was thus safe. 
 
 6. He consulted with himself about the life of his 
 
 friend. 
 
 7. Two out of the three judges acquitted my friend. 
 
 8. It is the duty of a judge to condemn a man, who 
 
 ou'dit by the law to be condemned. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. A certain young man was very fond of old words. 
 
 2. In his daily conversations he used old-fashioned 
 
 expressions. 
 
8G 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 3. The Pelasgi were the first wlio inhabited Italy. 
 
 4. He used old-fashioned words, as though he were 
 
 talking with the mother of Evander. 
 
 5. He did not wish any one to understand what he 
 
 said. 
 
 6. You ought to be silent, and thus you would gain 
 
 what you wish for. 
 
 7. You ought to use modern expressions, if you wish 
 
 to be understood. 
 
 8. I love the old Aurimci, for they were honourable 
 
 and good. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. Titus Manlins took a necklace from an enemy, 
 
 whom he had killed. 
 
 2. He was named Torquatus in honour of a necklace, 
 
 which he had taken from an enemy. 
 
 3. A certain Gaul advanced with a shield and two 
 
 swords. 
 
 4. A Gaul advanced, who surpassed the other in 
 
 height and strength. 
 
 5. He beckoned with his hand, and cried with a very 
 
 loud voice. 
 
 6. The others dared not fight against this enemy, on 
 
 account of his dreadful aj)pearance. 
 
 7. The barbarian began to jeer at them, because no 
 
 one dared to advance. 
 
 8. T. Manlius was grieved that the others dared not 
 
 fight against the Gaul. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 XXII. 
 
 87 
 
 I 
 
 1 The two soldiers, the Roman and the Gaul, fought 
 
 on the bridge in the sight of both armies. 
 
 2 Manlius trusted in his courage, the Gaul in his 
 
 skill. 
 
 3. The enemy's shield was struck again by Manlms. 
 
 4. Manlius wounded the Gaul's shoulder with his 
 
 Spanish sword. 
 
 5. The Koman threw his enemy down and cut off his 
 
 head. 
 
 6. The bloodstained necklace was taken from the neck 
 
 of the Gaul by Manlius. 
 7 The son of Manlius killed an enemy, who had 
 
 challenged him, although he had been forbidden 
 
 to fight by his father. 
 8. Harsh commands are called ''Manlian,'' because 
 
 this Manlius beheaded his own son. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. The consul drew up the Roman lines facing the 
 
 vast forces of the Gauls. 
 
 2. The arms of the Gallic leader shone with gold. 
 
 3. The Gaul, a man of enormous height, advanced 
 
 shaking his spear. 
 
 4. lie haughtily ordered any Roman to come, who 
 
 dared to fight against him. 
 
 5. Whilst the others were wavering between shame 
 
 and fear, Valerius advanced boldly against the 
 enemy. 
 
 6. A raven suddenly attacked the eyes of the Gaul. 
 
88 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 7. The raven, having torn the hnnds^ and face of the 
 
 Gaul, perched on the head of Valenus. 
 
 8. Thus, helped bv the bird, he killed his enemy, and 
 
 in honour of the victory was named Corvinus. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1. Aesop, who lived in Phrygia, was a very wise 
 
 writer of faV)les. 
 
 2. He invented amusing stories, and thus gave useful 
 
 advice. 
 
 3. Philosophers give useful advice, but what they say 
 
 is not amusing. 
 
 4. Aesop invented an amusing story about a lark. 
 
 5. This fable about the lark warned men that their 
 
 hopes ought to be placed in themselves. 
 
 6. Q. f:nnius composed many verses about this story 
 
 of Aesop. 
 
 7. This is a proof that our confidence ought to be 
 
 placed in ourselves. 
 8 It is the custom with philosophers to give useful 
 advice, with writers of fables amusing advice. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. It is said that a lark built in the com. 
 
 2. The corn was ripening when the young ones were 
 
 unfledged. 
 
 3. The lark went to search for food, and left her 
 
 young ones in the nest. 
 
 4. If anything unusual happens, said she, tell me 
 
 when I return home. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 89 
 
 5. The young ones saw the owner of the crops calling 
 
 his son. 
 G. The owner's friends were unwilling to assist him in 
 
 the harvest. 
 
 7. Make haste, mother, and carry us to another nest. 
 
 8. The lark said that it was not necessary to take her 
 
 young ones to another home. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 1. When the mother had flown to seek food, the 
 
 owner returned to the field with his son. 
 
 2. He told his son that the friends were loiterers, for 
 
 they had not come. 
 
 3. Let us go, said he, and ask our relations to help us 
 
 to-morrow. 
 
 4. The young ones told their mother that the master 
 
 had sent for his relations. 
 
 5. The master said that he would himself reap the 
 
 corn with his sickle. 
 
 6. The relations neglected to come, and so the master 
 
 and his son themselves reaped the corn. 
 
 7. The mother said that it was time to go ; for what 
 
 he had ordered would now be done. 
 
 8. The matter now depends on the master himself, 
 
 not on his friends. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 1. Pyrrhus fought many battles with success in the 
 
 land of Italy. 
 
 2. Timochares, a friend of Pyrrhus, wished to kill the 
 
 king by poison. 
 
90 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 3. If we agree about tlie reward, I promise to kill the 
 
 king by poison. 
 
 4. My son is the king's cup-bearer, and so he will 
 
 easily be able to giv^e poison to the king. 
 
 5. Fabricius wrote to the Koman Senate, that Timo- 
 
 chares wished to kill King Pyrrhus by poison. 
 
 6. The Senate advised the king to act more cautiously. 
 
 7. Your friends wish to kill you by poison ; therefore 
 
 it is necessary to act very cautiously. 
 
 8. The king wrote to the Roman Senate, thanking 
 
 and praising them, and restored all the prison- 
 ers whom he had taken. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. A lion of enormous size was brought into the circus. 
 
 2. Many slaves had been given by their masters to 
 
 fight wild beasts. 
 
 3. An enormous and terrible lion attracted the atten- 
 
 tion of all by its roaring. 
 
 4. It is said that the lion, seeing Androclus, sud<lenly 
 
 stood still. 
 
 5. It is said that the lion wagged its tail like a dog, 
 
 and licked the man's hands. 
 
 6. The slave recovered his lost courage and turned 
 
 his eyes on the lion. 
 
 7. You might have seen the lion licking the legs and 
 
 hands of the slave. 
 
 8. A mimic hunt was given in the circus, for which 
 
 many wild-beasts had been sent from Africa. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 XXIX. 
 
 91 
 
 1. Loud shouts were aroused by this wonderful sight. 
 
 2. Caesar asked why the lion spared Androclus alone. 
 
 3. A wonderful and marvellous story was told Caesar 
 
 by the slave. 
 
 4. The slave, driven to flight by his master's daily 
 
 blows, took refuge in the desert. 
 
 5. At mid-day the slave hid in a cave, to which a lion 
 
 came. 
 
 6. An enormous lion was coming to the cave, with one 
 
 foot lame, groaning and sighing. 
 
 7. He was at first terrified by the sight of the lion, 
 
 but soon recovered his courage. 
 8 The slave pulled a large thorn out of the lion's foot ; 
 the lion then placed its foot in his hands and 
 slept. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 1. He said that for three years he had lived in the 
 
 same cave as the lion. 
 
 2. I used to cook my food by the mid-day sun, 
 
 because I had no fire. 
 
 3. I am weary of this wild-beast's life, and I will leave 
 
 the cave. 
 
 4. His master arrested him and sent him from Africa 
 
 to Rome. 
 
 5. My master had me condemned to death and given 
 
 to the wild-beasts in the Circus. 
 
 6. The lion, after I was separated from it, was taken 
 
 and sent to Rome. 
 

 92 EXERCISES, 
 
 7. Androclus, after telling this wonderful tale, was 
 pardoned and presented with the lion. 
 
 8 They gave money to the slave and flowers to the 
 
 lion, which had been the host of the man. 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 1. Polus, a fomous actor in Greece, had a well-loved 
 son. 
 
 9 Polus lost his son, and mourned for him many days. 
 3 Polus was about to act the -Electra" of Sophocles, 
 
 and to carry the bones of Orestes m his hands. 
 4. Electra carried the remains of her brother in an 
 
 urn, and wept for his death. 
 5 Electra, the sister of Orestes, was dressed in 
 
 mourning and carried the remains of her 
 
 brother. • i •. • 
 
 6. She took the urn from the tomb and earned it in 
 
 her hands. 
 
 7. The urn, which Electra was carrying, had been 
 
 placed in a tomb. 
 8 Polus carried in his hands the remains of his own 
 son, and wept for his, not Orestes , death. 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 1. It is said that ambassadors came from Athens to 
 
 Miletus to ask for hell). 
 2 They pleaded for the Milesians, but Demades 
 ' replied that help ought not to be given to them. 
 3. Demades maintained that the Milesians were not 
 worthy of hell). 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 93 
 
 4. He said that it would not be advantageous to the 
 
 state to give help. 
 
 5. It is said that Demades received from the Milesian 
 
 aml)assadors as much money as he asked for. 
 6 I am suffering from an inflamed -throat and there- 
 fore I cannot oppose the Milesian demands. 
 
 7. He did not conceal what he had done, but said he 
 
 had received much money. 
 
 8. You received three talents for acting, I received 
 
 more for being silent. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 1. Cicero wished to buy a house on the Palatine, but 
 
 had no money at the time. 
 
 2. P. Sulla lent Cicero 5,000,000 sesterces secretly. 
 
 3. You have received, said they, money from Sulla 
 
 for buying a house. 
 
 4. Cicero afterwards l)OUght the house with the money 
 
 which he had received from Sulla. 
 
 5. I said that I did not wish to buy that house, 
 
 because I was a cautious father of a family. 
 
 6. Cicero's friends reproached him with this lie. 
 
 7. Cicero told that lie, because he had received money 
 
 from a defendant. 
 
 8. Cicero wished to buy that house, but he said that 
 
 he did not wish to buy it. 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 1. Many friends accompanied Julianus home. 
 
 2. A block, many stories high, was blazing. 
 
94 
 
 EXERCISES, 
 
 3. He said that property in the city gave great returns. 
 
 4. There is no remedy to prevent houses at Rome 
 
 burning. 
 
 5. He sold all his country property and bought city 
 
 property. 
 
 6. The philosopher said that alum was the best 
 
 remedy for fire. 
 
 7. A wooden tower, which had been built to defend 
 
 the city, was smeared with alum by Archelaus. 
 
 8. Q. Claudius says that this tower, smeared with alum, 
 
 could not burn. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 1. Arion of Lesbos lived at Corinth, and was loved by 
 
 Periander. 
 
 2. Arion went to Italy and charmed the ears of all in 
 
 that land. 
 
 3. He gained much money by playing, and afterwards 
 
 wished to return to King Periander at Corinth. 
 
 4. He chose a Corinthian ship, because he thought 
 
 the sailors would be more friendly to him. 
 
 5. Arion gave all his money to the sailors, but prayed 
 
 them to spare his life. 
 
 6. The sailors ordered Arion to spring down into the 
 
 sea, in order that they might take possession of 
 his money. 
 
 7. In a loud voice he sang this song, and then threw 
 
 himself into the sea. 
 
 8. He took his lyre in his hand and, standing on the 
 
 stern, began to sing a song. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 XXXVI. 
 
 95 
 
 1 . The sailors thought that Arion had perished in the 
 
 sea, and held on their course to Corinth. 
 
 2. It is said that a dolphin carried the man safe to 
 
 Taenarum. 
 
 3. Arion went from Taenarum to Corinth and related 
 
 what had hai)pened to himself. 
 
 4. The king believed that Arion was deceiving him, 
 
 and ordered him to be guarded for two days. 
 
 5. The king ordered the sailors to be sent for, and 
 
 asked them if they had heard anything about 
 Arion. 
 
 6. The sailors told the king that Arion was living in 
 
 Italy. 
 
 7. Arion stood forth before the astounded sailors, who 
 
 thought that he had perished in the sea. 
 
 8. At Taenarum two bronze figures stand as a proof 
 
 of this tale. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 1. A certain barbarian bought a large farm planted 
 
 with olives and vines. 
 
 2. The Thracian saw his neighbour pruning his trees. 
 
 3. He asked his neighbour why he pulled up the vine 
 
 suckers. 
 
 4. The trees of his neighbour w^ere more fruitful than 
 
 his own. 
 
 5. He thanked his neighbour and went home rejoicing. 
 
 6. The ignorant Thracian took a sickle, and began to 
 
 cut off the most luxuriant foliage of the trees. 
 
96 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 7. He cut off all the fruitful twigs of the apple-trees. 
 
 8. The ignorant man thought that he was pruning 
 
 his°trees, as his neighbour had done. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 1. The King of Pontus was very skilled in medicine. 
 
 2. It is said that these medicines are good for dissipa- 
 
 ting poisons. 
 
 3. The King of Pontus for his whole life was on his 
 
 guard against secret treachery. 
 
 4. Mitridates often drank poison to show that it was 
 
 harmless to him. 
 
 5. He slew himself with his own sword, (after) having 
 
 in vain tried the strongest poisons. 
 
 6. Ennius could speak Greek, Latin and Oscan, and 
 
 so he used to say that he had three hearts. 
 
 7 The King of Pontus knew the languages of all the 
 nations under his dominion, twenty-two in 
 number. 
 
 8. Mitridates used to talk with the men of ^ each 
 nation, whom he had under his donnnion, in the 
 language of that nation, and not through an inter- 
 preter, 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 I He ^ave Protagoras half of the money which he 
 asked for, and promised to give the remaining 
 half afterwards. 
 
 2. I will give you, said he, the remaining half on the 
 
 first day on which I win a case. 
 
 3. He was a pupil of Protagoras for a long while, but 
 
 did not undertake any case. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 97 
 
 4. He did not undertake any case, in order to avoid 
 
 paying the rest of the money. 
 
 5. Protagoras thought that his plan for gaining the 
 
 money was very clever. 
 
 6. If the verdict is given in your favour,* it will be 
 
 necessary for you to pay me the money. 
 
 7. The judges left the matter unsettled, because they 
 
 did not know what sentence they ought to give. 
 
 8. The wise judges adjourned the law-suit to a very 
 
 distant day. 
 
 XL. 
 
 1. Hannibal chose ten prisoners and sent them to 
 
 Konie. 
 
 2. He wished after the battle of Cannae to make an 
 
 exchange of prisoners with his enemies. 
 
 3. The Roman prisoners promised with an oath to 
 
 return to Hannibal. 
 
 4. They told the senators what Hannibal had said 
 
 about an exchange of prisoners. 
 
 5. Their relations embraced them and prayed them 
 
 with tears not to return to Hannibal. 
 G. Of the ten prisoners eight returned to Hannibal, 
 and two only remained at liome. 
 
 7. The two prisoners, who remained at Rome, were 
 
 despised by all. 
 
 8. The censors branded with every mark of infamy 
 
 the prisoners, who had refused to return to 
 Hannibal. 
 
 • The verdict is given in my favour: pronuntiatum est pro me. 
 
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 The parts of regular verbs are not (jiven. 
 A dot occurriny in a word separates the parts of a compound. 
 
 A. for Aulus, -i. 
 
 a, ab, yn )). yor. ahl., from, by. 
 
 abeo, -Ivi or -ii, -itum, -Ire, 
 4 V. «., I go away. 
 
 ab'hinc, adv., henceforward, 
 since. 
 
 abiicio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 v. a., 
 I throw away, throw from. 
 (iilcio.) 
 
 ablego, i\ a. 1, I send away. 
 
 absolvo,-solvi, -solutuui,oy. a., 
 I set loose, I acqnit. 
 
 abunde, adv., abundantly, suf- 
 ficiently. (ab'undo, 1 over- 
 flow ; cf . nnda, a w ave. ) 
 
 ac, conj., and. 
 
 ac'cedo, -ccssi, -cessum, 3 v. n., 
 I go to, I approach . (ad , cCdo. ) 
 
 ac'cido (or adcldo), -cldi, no 
 sup., 3 V. 11., I fall to, fall 
 out, happen, (ad, cido.) 
 
 acies, -ei, /., line-of-battle (lit. 
 sharp edge), (acer, acus.) 
 
 accipio, -cepi, -ceptum, 3 v. a., 
 I receive, learn, hear. (ad, 
 cftpio. ) 
 
 ac'cuso, 1 V. a., I impeach, 
 
 blame, 
 acer, acris, acre, adj., sharp, 
 
 eager, energetic. 
 Hcerbus, -a, -um, adj., bitter, 
 
 bad-tempered, (acer.) 
 acriter, adv., sharply, keenly. 
 
 (acer.) 
 actor, -oris, rw., actor, (igo.) 
 acturus, fut. part. , fr. ftgo. 
 ad, prep. yor. ace. , to, for. 
 adcido. Cf. accido. 
 ad do, -didi, -ditum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I bring to, add. 
 &d'eo, -ivi or -ii, -Itum, 4 r. n., 
 
 I go to, approach. 
 
 ad'eo, adv., thus far; usque 
 adeo, to such an extent, (ad, 
 is ; cf . quoad. ) 
 
 ad'fero (oratTr-ro), -tilli, -latum, 
 3 V. a., I bring to. 
 
 adficio. Cf. afficio. 
 
 adfiLis (or affinis), -e, adj., 
 neighbouring to, related to 
 (by marriage) ; as a iiul>.it., 
 neighbour, relation. 
 
 93 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 99 
 
 ad'Tgo, -egi, -actum, 3 v. a., 
 
 1 drive to. adigo aliquem 
 (ad) iusiurandum, I drive 
 a man to an oath, make 
 him swear. (Ago.) 
 
 adhibeo, -hibui, -hlbltum, 
 
 2 V. a.,\ bring to, employ, 
 (hilbeo. ) 
 
 adipiscor, -eptus, 3 v. dep., I 
 
 obtain, (ilpiscor. ) 
 adiiivo, -iiivi, -iutum, 1 v. a., 
 
 I assist, 
 admiratio, -Onis, /., wonder, 
 admiror, 1 v. dtp., I wonder 
 
 at. 
 ad mitto, -misi, -missum, 3 v. 
 a. , 1 bring to, bring in, admit, 
 admodum, adv., lit. to a mea- 
 sure, in a high degree, very. 
 (m6dus.) 
 ad 'no, \ V. n.,\ swim to. 
 adprehendo (or apprehendo), 
 -prehendi, -prfhensum, 3 v. 
 n., I seize, 
 adsiduus, -a, -um, adj., con- 
 stant, eaget, diligent, (ad- 
 sideo : cf. continuus, fr. con- 
 tineo.) 
 adsidue, adv., constantly, (ad- 
 siduus.) 
 ad'si^o, 1 V. a.,\ attribute to. 
 
 (signum.) 
 ad 'sum, -fui, -esse, v. n., I am 
 
 present. 
 
 adHlescens (or addlescens), 
 
 entis, c, young man, young 
 
 woman. ( ad 'ulesco. ) 
 
 adiilescentia, -ae, /., youth, 
 
 manly strength, (ad'oicsco. ) 
 
 adiilor, 1 v. dep., I fawn on, 
 
 flatter. 
 ad'venlo, -veni, -ventum, 4 v. 
 n.j 1 come to, approach. 
 
 ad'versarlus, -a, -um, adj., 
 turned towards, opposed 
 to ; subst., antagonist, (ad, 
 versus. ) 
 ad'verBum, or ad versus, adv., 
 and prep. yov. ace, towards, 
 against, 
 adverto, -verti, -versum, 3 v. 
 a., 1 turn towards, observe 
 (generally in phrase 'animum 
 adverto '). 
 ad 'voce, 1 1', a., I call to my aid. 
 ad vole, 1 I'. 71,, I fly towards, 
 aedes (or aedis), -is, /., a 
 building, temple ; in pi., a 
 house, 
 aeditumus, i, m., keeper of 
 
 temple, sacristan, (aedes.) 
 aegre, adv., with difficulty, 
 scarcely, aegre passus, dis- 
 pleased, (aeger. ) 
 aeneus, -a, -um, adj., brazen. 
 
 (aes, ) 
 aerarium, 
 
 (aes.) 
 aes, aeris, 
 
 money. 
 Aesopus, i, 771. , Aesop. ( Aro-wTros. ) 
 aetas, -atis,/., age (for aevltas, 
 
 fr. aevum, aidju). 
 affero. Cf. adfero. 
 afficio, -feci, -fectum, 3 v. a., 
 I aftect in some way : afficio 
 contumeliil, I affect, brand 
 with disgrace, i.e. I disgrace, 
 insult, (filcio.) 
 Africa, -ae, /., Africa, i.e. the 
 
 laud round Carthage. 
 Africanus, -i, m., agnomen of 
 
 Scipio. 
 ager, agri, m., land, territory. 
 {dyp6s, cf. English acre, 
 Oernian Acker.) 
 
 -11, 
 
 n. 
 
 n 
 
 treasury, 
 copper, brass, 
 
100 LATIN^ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 &go, 5gi, actum, 3 r. a., I 
 drive, do, act ; of the 
 Senate, I transact, I discuss: 
 ago gratias, I give thanks ; 
 bene ago, I fare well, prosper. 
 
 aio, V. n., defective, I say. 
 
 &koivov<Jtitoi (cf. xxxiii. 10, 
 note), deficient in common 
 sense. 
 
 &la, -ae,/, wing. 
 
 albus, -a, -um, a'//., white. 
 
 Alcibiades, -is or-i, ni., Alcibi- 
 ades. ('AXAci/SidSrjs.) 
 
 ales, -Itis, adj., winged ; as 
 mbsL, c, a bird, (ala.) 
 
 Alexander, -dri, m., Alexander. 
 
 aiiquis, aliquid, suhnt. pron., 
 some one, any one. (calius, 
 
 quis.) 
 
 aiiter, acZt'. , otherwise, (alius.) 
 
 aUus, -a, -um, adj., other, an- 
 other. (Cf. &\\os.) 
 
 alte, adv., deeply, (altus.) 
 
 alter, -Cra, -6rum, adj., the one 
 (or other) of two. (Cf . alius. ) 
 
 altus, -a, -um, adj., deep; as 
 ,sM6.sf., altum, i, n., the deep 
 sea. (alo, I nourish.) 
 
 &lumen, -mis, n., alum. 
 
 amtoiguus, -a, -um, adj., waver- 
 ing, hesitating, (amblgo, fr. 
 ambi, Gr. dn<t>i, ago.) 
 
 ambitus, -us, 7n., lit. a going 
 round, bribery, (ambio, fr. 
 ambi, Gr. diJL<pi, eo.) 
 
 Ambraciensis, -e, adj., Am- 
 braeian, belonging to Am- 
 bracia, town in S. of Epirus. 
 
 &micio, -Icui or -ixi, -ictum, 
 4 V. a. , 1 wrap around, clothe, 
 (am or amb, Gr. dfi(pi, and 
 iacio. Cf. dfx(f>t^(i\\u).) 
 
 EmlctuB, -a, -um, part. fr. 
 amlcio. As subst., amictus, 
 us, m., clothing, 
 amicus, -a, -um, adj., friendly ; 
 8ubtit.,Sim\c\is, i, m., a friend, 
 (amo.) 
 a*mitto, -mlsi, -missum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I send away, let go, lose, 
 amo, 1 V. a. , I love, 
 amplector, -exus, 3 v. dep., I 
 embrace, (am, cf. amicio, 
 plecto, I plait.) 
 amplitudo, -mis, /., dignity. 
 
 (am plus.) 
 amputo, 1 r. a., I lop off. 
 am conj., or, whether (in dis- 
 junctive interrogations), 
 anceps, clpltis, adj., two- 
 headed, doubtful, dangerous, 
 (an, cf. amlcio, caput.) 
 AndroclUB, -i, vi., Androclus. 
 anima, -ae, /.,soul. (animus, 
 AvfAtoj, that which breathes.) 
 animadverto, -ti, -sum, 3 v. a., 
 I direct my attention to, 
 notice, (animus, ad, verto.) 
 inimus, -i, m., mind. (Cf. 
 
 anima.) 
 annaUs, -e, adj., belonging to a 
 year. As nnhst., annalis, -is, 
 m. (sc. liber), chronicle, 
 annal. (annus.) 
 annus, -i, m., year, 
 ante, adv., and prep. gov. ace., 
 
 before, 
 antea, adv., before. 
 ante*quam, conj., before thf\t. 
 Antiochinus, -a, -um, adj., be- 
 longing to Antiochus. 
 Antiocbus, -i, m., Antiochus 
 
 ('Aj'Ttoxoj). 
 antiquitas, -atis,/., antiquity, 
 old times, (antiquus. ) 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 101 
 
 ant!quTtU8, adv. , from of old, in 
 
 former times, (antiquus.) 
 antiquus (or anticus), -a, -um, 
 
 adj., anqient. (ante.) 
 Antonlus, -ii, m., Antonius. 
 &nu8, -us,/., old woman, 
 aperio, -6rui, -6rtum, 4 v. a., 
 
 I open, 
 apologus, -i, m., fable. (d7r6Xo- 
 
 70s. ) 
 appello (oradpello), 1 v. a., 1 
 
 drive to, go to, I accost, ap- 
 peal to. 
 ap peto (or ad peto), -ivi and 
 
 -ii, -Itum, 3 V. a. and n., 
 
 I seek for, long for, approach. 
 ap'pono (or adpono), -pOsui, 
 
 -posltum, 3 v. a., I place 
 
 near, 
 ap probe (or ad* probe), I v. a., 
 
 I approve, I confirm. 
 aptus, -a, -um, jiart. fr. apo, 
 
 apere, I fit to ; fit, suited. 
 
 (Cf. apiscor, fiirrw.) 
 &pud, prep. gov. ace, near to, 
 
 at the house of. 
 arbor, -6ris, /. , a tree. 
 arcesBO, -ivi, -itum, 3 r. a., I 
 
 send for. 
 Archllaus, -i, m., Archelaus. 
 ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2 v. 11., I 
 
 am on fire, burn, 
 arduus, -a, -um, adj., steep, 
 
 lofty, 
 argentum, -i, n., silver, 
 argumentum, -i, n., proof, ar- 
 gument, plot, (arguo.) 
 argyrancbe {dpyvpdyxv)- Cf. 
 
 xxxii. 14, note. 
 
 Arion, 6nis, m., Arion. 
 Arlstodemus, -i, m., Aristo- 
 demus. 
 
 Arlstoteles, -is or -i, m., Aris- 
 totle. 
 
 arma, -orum, n., plur. only, 
 arms. 
 
 armllla,-ae,/., bracelet, (arma.) 
 
 armo, 1 v. a., I arm, equip, 
 (arma.) 
 
 ars, artis, /., art, skill. (Cf. 
 arma. ) 
 
 arx, arcis, /., citadel, (arceo.) 
 
 a'scendo, -ndi, -sum, 3 v. n., I 
 mount up. (scando, I climb. ) 
 
 Asiaticus, -a, -um, adj., be- 
 longing to Asia. 
 aspectus,-us, 7«.,look. (aspicio.) 
 asper, -era, -^rum, adj., harsh, 
 
 rough. 
 a* spernor, 1 v. dep., I despise. 
 
 (ab, sperno. ) 
 aspicio, -exi, -ectum, 3 r? a., 
 
 I behold, look at. 
 as- porto, 1 V. a. , I carry away. 
 
 (abs, porto.) 
 assideo, -sedi, -sessum, 2v.n., 
 
 I sit by ; I besiege, (ad, 
 
 sedeo.) 
 assum. Cf. adsum. 
 astutus, -a, -um, adj., skilled, 
 
 clever, (astus.) 
 at, conj., but. 
 Athenae, -arum, /. plur. only, 
 
 Athens. 
 
 Atheniensis, -e,adj., Athenian. 
 
 atbleta, -ae, m., wrestler, 
 athlete. {ddXrjTTj^.) 
 
 athlfcticus, -a, -um, adj., ath- 
 letic, ars athletica, ath- 
 letics. 
 
 atque, conj., and. 
 
 itrox, -ocis, a^j., frightful, 
 fierce, (ater, black, gloomy.) 
 Attica, -ae,/., Attica. 
 
102 LATIX-ENGLISH VOCABULAPiY. 
 
 attente, adv., comp., attentius, 
 
 attentively, (attendo. ) 
 attingo, -tlgi, -tactum, 3 r. o., 
 
 I touch, (ad 'tango.) 
 auctor, -oris, m., author. 
 
 (augeo. ) 
 audeo, ausus, 2 v. a. and n., I 
 
 dare. 
 audio, 4 V. a.y I hear. (Cf. 
 
 auris, ear.) 
 auditor, -oris, w., hearer. 
 
 (audio. ) 
 au'fero, abs'tftli, ab -latum, 
 
 auferre, 3 v. a., I carry 
 
 away, take, (ab, fero.) 
 aureus, -a, -um, adj., golden. 
 
 (aurum.) 
 auris, -is,/., ear. 
 aurum, -i, n., gold. 
 Aurunci, -orum, m., the Au- 
 
 runci. 
 aut, cotij.f or. aut...aut, either 
 
 ... or. 
 autem, conj.^ but, however, 
 
 moreover, 
 auxilium, -ii, n., help, (augeo.) 
 avarus, -a, -um, adj., covetous, 
 
 greedy, (ftveo, I long for. ) 
 aversus, -a, -um, part, from 
 
 averto, turned away, 
 a-verto, -ti, -sum, 3v. a.,1 turn 
 
 away. 
 &vis, -is,/., bird. 
 &vunciilU8, -i, m., maternal 
 
 uncle. (Diminutive of avus, 
 
 grandfather. ) 
 
 barbaria, -ae, /, foreign coun- 
 try, (barbarus.) 
 
 barbarus, -a,-um, adj., foreign. 
 (/3dpj9apo$ : cf. balbus, stam- 
 mering.) 
 
 bellum, i, ?i., war. 
 
 bellator, oris, m., warrior, 
 (bellum.) 
 
 bene, o<^/r., well, bene facio, 
 I benefit. 
 
 beneflcium, -ii, n., kindness, 
 (bene, facio.) 
 
 bestia, -ae, /. , wild beast. 
 
 blande, adi\, gently, (blandus). 
 
 blandimentum, -i, n., blandish- 
 ment, (blandior, I caress.) 
 
 b5nus, -a -um, adj., good. 
 
 Bucephalas, -ae (Boi'ice^dXaj), 
 7/1. , Bucephalas. Cf. vi. 1. 
 note. 
 
 C. for Calfts or Gattts. 
 
 caedes, -is, /., lopping oflF, de- 
 struction, (caedo.) 
 
 Caesar, -aris, m., Caesar. 
 
 Caiiis, -i, m., Caius. 
 
 calliditas, -atis, /., skill, cun- 
 ning, (callidus.) 
 
 campus, -i, m., plain. 
 
 canis, -is, c, dog. {kiuiv.) 
 
 Cannensis, -e, adj., of Cannae. 
 
 cano, cCclni, cantum, 3 v. a., I 
 sing, I play, cano tibiis = I 
 play the Hute. 
 
 canto, 1 V. n. and a., I sing, I 
 play (frequentative form of 
 cano. ) 
 
 cantor, -Oris, m., singer, musi- 
 cian, (cano.) 
 
 cantus, -us, r?i., song, melody, 
 (cano. ) 
 
 capesso, -ivi or -ii, -Hum, ,S v. 
 a., I strive for, undertake, 
 (desiderative form fr. capio. ) 
 
 capio, cepi, captuui, 3 v. a., I 
 take, capio consilium, I form 
 or adopt a plan. 
 
 C&pitolium, -ii, n., the Capitol. 
 (caput.) 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 103 
 
 capltalis, -e, adj., relating to 
 
 the caput, i.e. life or civil 
 
 rights, capital, res capitalis, 
 
 capital offence, (caput.) 
 
 captivus, -i,?«., captive, (capio.) 
 
 caput, -Itis, n., head, life, civil 
 
 rights. (Cf. K€<pa\7].) 
 
 carmen, -Inis, ??., song, (cano.) 
 
 cassita, -ae,/., the crested lark, 
 
 ftlauda cristata, L. (cassis, a 
 
 hohnet. ) 
 
 castrum, -i, «., fort ; in plur., 
 
 a camp. ((^f. casa, hut. ) 
 casus, -us, m., accident, case. 
 
 (cado, I fall, happen.) 
 caterva, -ae, /., troop, band, 
 
 body of men. 
 Cato, onis, ?w., Cato. (catus, 
 
 shrewd. ) 
 Cauda, -ae,/. , tail, 
 causa, -ae, /., cause, reason, 
 
 case. 
 causa, ahl. of causa, for the 
 
 sake of, with cjenit'mi. 
 caute, adv., cautiously, (cau- 
 
 tus.) 
 cautus, -a, -um, part, from 
 
 caveo, careful, 
 caveo, cavi, cautum, 2 v. w., I 
 
 am on my guard, cautious, 
 caverna, -ae, /., cave, hollow. 
 
 (cavus, hollow.) 
 cede, cessi, cessum, 3 ?'. n. 
 and «., I yield, go away, 
 depart, 
 celeber, -bris, -bre, adj., nu- 
 merous, famous, 
 celeritas, -atis, /., speed. 
 
 (cCler.) 
 cella, -ae, /., shrine, part of 
 temple in whicli the image of 
 the god stood, 
 celo, 1 V. a., I conceal. 
 
 censeo, -ui, censum, 2 v. a., 
 
 I assess, think, vote for, 
 
 decree, resolve. 
 
 censor, -oris, m . , censor. ( censeo. ) 
 
 centum, indecl. num. adj., one 
 
 hundred, 
 certamen, -inis, n., contest, 
 competition, (certo, I strive.) 
 cerva, -ae, /., doe. 
 cervix, -Icis, /., neck, 
 cessator, -oris, w?., loiterer. 
 
 (cesso.) 
 [ceterus], -a, -um, the other, 
 the rest. The nom. sing, 
 masc. is not in use. 
 Child, -onis, m., Chilo. (Xc^Xwj/.) 
 cibarius, -a, -um, adj., belong- 
 ing to food (clbus). res ci- 
 baria, provisions. 
 Clbus, -i, 7n., food, 
 cicatrix, -icis, / , scar. 
 Cicero, -onis, m., Cicero, 
 cingo, -nxi, -nctum, 3 v. a , 1 
 
 surround, gird on, clothe, 
 circum, adv., and p7r2^.gov.acc., 
 
 around, 
 circum fero, -tilli, -latum, 3 v. 
 
 a., I carry round, report, 
 circum'fundo, -ffidi, -fusum, 3 
 V. a., I pour around, sur- 
 round, 
 circum plector, -plexus, 3 v. 
 dep. a., I embrace, surround, 
 circum "spicio, -spexi, -spectum, 
 3 r. n. and a., I look around, 
 survey, 
 circum volvo, no perf., -v6lu- 
 
 tum, 3 ?\ a., I roll round, 
 circus, -i, m. {dpKos), circus. 
 Cispius (mons), tlie Cispian hill. 
 citatUB, -a, -um, part. fr. cito, 
 urged on. citato cursu, at 
 full speed. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 104 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 105 
 
 cito, 1 V. a., I urge on. (fre- j 
 
 (^iientative form of cieo. ) 
 civls, -is, c, citizen, 
 civitas, -litis,/., state, (civis.) 
 clamor, -oris, m., shout, noise. 
 
 (clamo. ) 
 clandestinus, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 secret, (clam.) 
 Claudius, -ii, m., Claudius, 
 claudo, -si, -sum, 3 r. a., I 
 shut. (Cf. clavis, key, »c\e/w.) 
 coepi, coepisse, 3 r. a., defec- 
 tive (the pres. coepio only 
 in ante-classical writers.) 
 prrf. with ^''e-''. signific, I 
 begin. 
 cOgito, 1 v.a.yl meditate upon. 
 
 (co, agito.) 
 cognatus, -a, -um, ar//., related 
 by blood ; as ,s?/W., a kins- 
 man, (co, gnatus for natus.) 
 CO gndmen, -Inis, n., surname. 
 
 (co, nomen.) 
 cognomino, 1 v. a., I surname, 
 cognosco, -gnovi, -gnltura, 3 
 r. a., I become acquainted 
 with, investigate a case, 
 (nosco.) 
 cogo, c6cgi, c<5actum, 3 i'. cr., I 
 drive together, compel, (co, 
 ago.) 
 colloquor, -Iftcutus, 3 v. d^p., 
 
 I talk with, 
 colo, c5lui, cultum, 3 v. a., T 
 
 cultivate. (Cf. agrl-c6la.) 
 collum, -i, n., neck, 
 coma, -ae, /., hair, foliage. 
 
 comes, -Itis, c, companion. 
 
 (com, eo. ) 
 commentlclus, -a, -um, «'//., 
 
 pretended, false, (commin- 
 
 iscor. ) 
 
 c5m!tor, 1 v. dep., I accom- 
 pany, (cftmes. ) 
 commentus, -a, -um, part. fr. 
 
 commlniscor. 
 
 com"m!niscor, -mentus, 3 r. 
 
 dep.y 1 devise, invent. (Cf. 
 
 re'miniscor. ) 
 
 comoedla, -ae,/., comely, (kuji- 
 
 if)dia.) certamina comoedia- 
 
 rum, dramatic competitions. 
 
 comparo, I v. a., prepare, f ro- 
 
 cure. 
 competitor, -oris, wi., rival, 
 
 competitor, (competo.) 
 complOro, 1 v. a., 1 bewail 
 
 violently, 
 complures, -a, rarely -ia, adj., 
 
 several, 
 com pono, -posui, -pOsltum, 3 
 /•. «., I place together, ar- 
 range, compose. litterae 
 compositae, forged letters, 
 concede, -cessi, -cessum, 3r. a. 
 and »., I yield, grant, retire, 
 concido, idi, no sup., 3 r. n., 1 
 
 fall down. (cado. ) 
 
 concipio, -copi, -ceptum, 3 
 
 V. a., I take to myself, con- 
 
 cepta sanies, matter which 
 
 has gathered in a wound. 
 
 (cApio.) 
 
 con clamo, 1 ?'. a. and w., I cry 
 
 out, shout togetheror loudly. 
 
 condemno, 1 r. a., I sentence, 
 
 condemn, (damno. ) 
 condicio, -onis,/, agreement, 
 conditions, terms, (con "dico. ) 
 condo, -dldi, -ditum, 3 r. a., I 
 bring together, build, lay up, 
 hide. 
 confero, -tflli, -latum, or col- 
 latum, 3 V. a., I bring to- 
 gether, employ, attribute. 
 
 conftcio, -feci, -fectum, 3 r. a., 
 
 I execute, finish, (facio.) 
 confidentla, -ae, /., boldness, 
 
 confidence, (confldo.) 
 confido, -fisus, 3 r. 7?.,I trust in. 
 conflrmo, 1 v. a., I establish, 
 
 contirm. 
 conflsuB, -a, -um, part. fr. 
 
 confido, confident, 
 conformo, 1 v. a., I shape, 
 confute, 1 r. fi., I restrain, 
 silence, (futo, intent, form 
 of f 6veo. ) 
 con gero, -gessi, -gestum. 3 
 r. a. , I bring together. Ab- 
 solutely (sc. nidum), I build 
 a nest. 
 congredior, -gressus, 3 v. dfp.y 
 I meet as friend, or foe, I 
 attack, (gradior.) 
 coDgressio, -onis, /., meeting, 
 
 attack, (congredior.) 
 con'iicio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 
 V. a., I throw together, hurl, 
 (iilcio.) 
 conliiratio, -onis,/ , conspiracy. 
 
 (con'iuro.) 
 Conor, 1 V. dep., I attempt, 
 conscisco, -sclvi, or -scii, -scT- 
 tum, 3 V. a., I approve of. 
 conscisco aliquid mihi, I 
 adjudge something to my- 
 self ; conscisco necem, mor- 
 tem, mihi, I kill myself, 
 consensus, -us, m., consent, 
 
 agreement, (consentio.) 
 consequor, -sCcutus, 3 r. dep., 
 
 I follow after, attain, gain. 
 consero, -sevi, -sltum, or 
 -satum, 3 V. a., I sow, 
 plant, 
 con'sldo, -sedi, sessum, 3 r. w., 
 I sit down, encamp, (sedeo.) 
 
 consilium, -ii,7i., plan, purpose. 
 
 (con, root sul ; cf. consul.) 
 con sisto, stlti, stltum, 3 v. n. 
 
 and a., I halt, 
 consitus, -a, -um, part. fr. 
 
 const'ro. 
 conspectus, -us, ?/i. , sight, view. 
 
 (consplcio. ) 
 conspicio, -spexi, -spectum, 3 
 V. a. and »., I look at with 
 attention, see. 
 con Sterne, 1 v. a., I stretch on 
 
 ground, terrify, 
 constitue, -ui, -fitum, 3 r. a , 
 I place (a thing) somewhere, 
 station, (statuo.) 
 consiiesco, -suevi, -suetum, 3 
 
 V. 7?., I grow accustomed, 
 consul, -t\lis, w., consul. (Cf. 
 
 consilium.) 
 consiilaris, -e, arlj., consular, 
 consulo, -lui, -Itum, S v. n. and 
 a., 1 reflect, I consult with. 
 (Cf. consilium.) 
 consulto, 1 V. a., I deliberate 
 upon, I debate, (frequent- 
 ative form of consftlo.) 
 consultum, -i, n., decision, de- 
 cree, (consillo. ) 
 contemne, -mpsi, -mptum, 3 
 
 17. a., 1 despise, 
 contende, -di, -tum, 3 r. a. and 
 71., I strain after, strive for, 
 assert. 
 contester, 1 v. dep., I call to 
 witness. Contestor litem, I 
 introduce a lawsuit by call- 
 ing witnesses, (testis.) 
 con 'tinge, -tigi, -tactum, 3 
 i\ 71., I touch, reach to, 
 happen, (tango.) 
 continue, adv. , immediately, 
 (continuus, fr. con'tineo.) 
 
106 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 LATIK-ENGLISH VOCABVLARY, 
 
 107 
 
 i \\ 
 
 contio, onis, /. , meeting, as- 
 sembly, (for con'ventio, a 
 coming together. ) 
 
 contra, adv., prep. gov. ace, 
 against, contra dice, I ob- 
 ject to, appeal against sen- 
 tence. 
 
 con-tueor, -tuitus, 2 v. dep.j I 
 gaze upon. 
 
 contumelia, -ae, /., disgrace, 
 ignominy. (root tem : cf. 
 con'temno.) 
 
 con turbo, 1 v. a., I throw into 
 disorder, (turba. ) 
 
 convello, -velli (rarely -vulsi), 
 -vulsiim, 3 V. a., I tear away, 
 up. 
 
 con'venio, -veni, -ventum, 4 
 ?'. 71. and a., I come together, 
 agree with, meet. 
 
 converto, -ti, -sum, 3 v. «., I 
 turn round, manoeuvre. 
 
 con'vinco, -vici, -victum, 3 
 V. a., I completely conquer. 
 I convict of (a crime). 
 
 convivlum, -ii, n., banquet, 
 (vivo.) 
 
 c5pia, -ae, /., plenty, supply; 
 in pi it)'., forces, (co, ops.) 
 
 copiosus, -a, -um, atlj. with 
 abL, well supplied with. 
 
 cor, cordis, n., heart. (Cf. 
 Kapdia. ) 
 
 coram, adv. , and prtp. gov. ahl. , 
 in the presence of. 
 
 Corinthius, -a, -um, adj., 
 Corinthian. 
 
 Corlntbus, -i,/, Corinth. 
 
 corona, ae, /., wreath, garland. 
 {Kopiburj. ) 
 
 c5r6no, 1 v. a., I crown. 
 (cOrona.) 
 
 corpus, -oris, n. body. 
 
 cor-rigo, -rexi, -rectum, 3 v. a., 
 I make straight, correct, 
 (con, rego.) 
 
 Coruncanius, -ii, Coruncanius. 
 
 Corvinus, -i, w., Corvinus. 
 (corvus.) 
 
 corvus, -i, m. , raven, (^'6pa$. ) 
 
 cotidianus (or quotldianus), 
 -a, -uni, adj., daily. (cOtldle.) 
 
 eras, adv., to-morrow. 
 
 Crassus, -i, m., Crassus. 
 
 credo, -didi, -dltum, 3 v. a., I 
 entrust, I trust in, I believe. 
 Used absolutely, I sup- 
 pose. 
 
 credulitas, -atis, /. , easiness of 
 belief, credulity, (credillus, 
 crC'do. ) 
 
 crimen, -Inis, n., charge, ac- 
 cusation. 
 
 Crotoniensis, -e, adj., of Cro- 
 tona. 
 
 cruciatus, -us, m., torture, 
 (cnlcio, crux.) 
 
 cruentus, -a, -um, adj., stained 
 with blood, (cruor.) 
 
 cruor, -oris, w?,, gore, blood which 
 has flowed from wounds. 
 
 criia, criiris, n., leg. 
 
 ciibiculum, -i, m., a resting or 
 sleeping room. (cubo. ) 
 
 cuius, -a, -um, interrog. and 
 rdaf. adj. pron., whose? or 
 whose, (qui.) 
 
 cultus, -a, -um, part. fr. colo, 
 cultivated, civilized. 
 
 cum (or quum), conj., when, 
 since, if, although. 
 
 cum, jy)'e}K gov. ahl., with. 
 
 cunctabundus, -a, -um, linger- 
 ing, (cunctor. ) 
 
 cunctor, 1 v. dep., I loiter, 
 linger. 
 
 cunctus, -a, -um, adj., all in a 
 
 body, all. (for con'iunctus.) 
 ciineus, -i, m., wedge, wedge- 
 
 sliaped body of troops, 
 ciipidus, -a, -um, adj., eager, 
 
 desirous, proud of (with 
 
 gen.) (cilpio. ) 
 clir, adw and covj., why, 
 
 wherefore, 
 cura, -ae, /., care, anxiety, 
 curia, -ae, /., senate-house. 
 
 (Quiris, Cures.) 
 Curius, -ii, m., Curius. 
 euro, 1 V. a., I take care of. 
 
 With gerundive, cf. vii. 3, 
 
 note. Curo puerum docen- 
 
 dum, I get the boy taught. 
 
 (cura.) 
 currus, -us, 772., chariot, (curro. ) 
 cursus, -us, 777., running, race, 
 
 course. Citato cursu, at full 
 
 speed, (curro.) 
 custodio, 4 I?, a., I guard. 
 
 (custos.) 
 custos, -odib, c, guard. 
 
 damno, 1 v. a., I condemn. 
 
 (damnum, hurt, loss.) 
 de, prep. gov. ahl., concerning, 
 
 from. 
 debeo, 2y. a.,Iowe. (de,habeo.) 
 debilis, -e, adj., lamed, feeble. 
 
 (de, habilis. ) 
 decern, numer., ten. 
 de cemo, -crevi, -crCtum, 3 
 
 V. a. and n., I determine, 
 
 decide ; of the senate, I pass 
 
 a decree. 
 decide, -cldi, -cisum. 3 i\ a., 
 
 I cut off. (caedo. ) 
 de clamo, 1 v. n. and a., I 
 
 exercise myself in speaking, 
 
 declaim. 
 
 de'claro, 1 v. a., I show, pro- 
 claim, 
 decoro, I V. a.,1 adorn, (dficus, 
 
 ornament, glory.) 
 deditio, -onis, /., surrender. 
 
 (dGdo.) 
 de'diico, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 lead away, withdraw, bring 
 
 down. 
 de'fendo, -di, -sum, 3 i\ a., I 
 
 ward off, keep off. 
 defensor, -Oris, m., defender. 
 
 (dC'fendo.) 
 de'fero, -tilli, -latum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 bring down, hand over, 
 de'fio, -fectus, -fiCri, v. n. (used 
 
 as pasnve of deflcio), I am 
 
 wanting, I fail, 
 deformitas, -atis, /., ugliness, 
 
 deformity, (de'formis, ugly. 
 
 Cf. forma.) 
 de'iicio, -ieci, -iectum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I throw down, (ijlcio.) 
 deinceps (dissyl. ), or deinceps, 
 
 adv., next, following. 
 
 (deinde. ) 
 deinde (dissyl. ), or deinde, adv., 
 
 then, thereupon. 
 delecto, 1 r. a., I delight. 
 
 (intens. of delicio.) 
 deligo, -legi, -Iectum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I choose out, select, (l^go. ) 
 de'liro, 1 r. ??., I rave, (de, 
 
 lira, out of the furrow.) 
 delitesco, -tui, 3 v. n., I lie 
 
 hid, conceal myself, (latesco, 
 
 inceptive of lateo. ) 
 delphinus, 
 
 (Of\</)lS.) 
 
 Demades, -is, w., Demades. 
 
 (A?7/xd57;s.) 
 de'meto, -messui, -messum, 3 
 
 V. a., I reap, mow. 
 
 -1, 771. , dolphin. 
 
 i) 
 
108 LATIN-ENGLim VOCABULARY. 
 
 de miror, 1 v. dtp. a. , I wonder 
 
 at. 
 demSror, 1 v. d^p., I linger, 
 Demosthenes, -is and -i, m., 
 Demosthenes. {Arjfioad^vr}^.) 
 demulceo, -mulsi, -mulctum, 
 2v. a.,1 stroke down, caress, 
 demum, adr., at last, (de.) 
 denique, afZy., and then, finally. 
 
 (de.) 
 Dentatus, -i, w., Dentatus. 
 denuo, adt\y again, (For de 
 
 novo.) 
 depopulor, 1 v. dep. a., I 
 
 ravage. 
 de'puto, 1 y. a., I cut otf, prune. 
 deTideo, -si, -sum, 2 r. a., I 
 
 laugh at. 
 de'sclsco, -ivi or -ii, -Itum, 3 
 V. n.y I withdraw, revolt 
 from, abandon ; with prep. 
 ab and abl. 
 de'sero, -rui, -rtum, 3 r. a., I 
 desert, abandon. (Lit., I 
 undo, sever ; sero, I join. ) 
 desertus, -a, -um, part. fr. 
 
 des^ro, lonely, desert. 
 de-Bldero, 1 v. a. , I long for. 
 deaillo, -llui, -ultum, 4 v. 7i., I 
 
 leap down, (siilio. ) 
 de sino, -sii, rarely -si vi, -sltum, 
 3 V. 11. and a., I give up, 
 cease, 
 desiplo, no perf. or sup., -ere, 
 V. n., I act foolishly, I am 
 foolish, (sftpio.) 
 desitus, -a, -um, part, of de- 
 
 slno, obsolete, disused, 
 despicio, -exi, ectum, 3 r. a. 
 and n.y I look down upon, 
 despise, 
 de'sum, -fui, -esse, v. n., I am 
 wanting. 
 
 detego, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 uncover, discover, 
 detergeo, -si, -sum, 2 t\ a., 
 
 I wipe off. 
 de traho, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 take away, 
 detnmco, 1 v. a., I lop, cut 
 
 otf. 
 de uro, -ussi, -ustum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 burn up. 
 deus, -i, m., god 
 de-veho, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., 1 
 
 carry away, carry down, 
 devenio, -veni, -ventum,4y. n. , 
 I come from, I go to, arrive 
 at. 
 dexter, -tera, -tCmm, and tra, 
 trum, adj., on the right side, 
 right. (56^i6s.) 
 Diana, -ae, /., Diana, 
 dicio, -onis, /„ rule, jurisdic- 
 tion. (Cf. dico, condicio.) 
 dico, -xi, -ctum, 3 i'. a., I say, 
 
 tell, call, 
 dictum, -i, n.y saying, com- 
 mand, (dico.) 
 di'duco, -xi, -ctum, 3 r. a., I 
 
 draw apart, separate, 
 dies, -ei, m. (in «m.7- com.), 
 
 day. 
 dif fero, distnli, dllatum, 3 
 r. rt., I carry away, put off. 
 difficilis, -e, adj., difficult, 
 
 hard, (ficllis.) 
 drgero, -gessi, -gestum, 3 v. a., 
 I separate, disperse, dissi- 
 pate, 
 digitus, -i, m., finger, 
 dignitas, -iitis, /., rank, dig- 
 nity, (dignus. ) 
 dignus, a, -um, adj., worthy, 
 digredior, -gressus, 3 v. dcp.f 
 I go away, (gradior.) 
 
 lATIX-ENGLISE VOCABULARY, 109 
 
 dil&cero, 1 v. a., I tear to 
 
 pieces, 
 dilucesco, luxi, no sup., 3 i'. w., 
 1 begin to grow light. (In- 
 ceptive form of diluceo. ) 
 dilucide, adv. , clearly, (diluceo, 
 
 lux,) 
 dimidium, -ii, ?t , balf. (di, 
 
 medius. ) 
 dimitto, -inlsi, -missum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I send away, dismiss, 
 dirigo, -rexi, -rectum, 3 i'. a., 
 I arrange iu a straight line, 
 I direct to. 
 dis'cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3y. 7i., 
 
 I depart, go away, 
 dl-sclndo, -scldi, -scissum, 3 
 V. a., I tear asunder, cut 
 oy^en. 
 disciplina, -ae, /., teaching, 
 knowledge, tactics, custom, 
 (disclptilus, disco. ) 
 discipiilUB, -i, m.y disciple, 
 
 follower, (disco.) 
 disco, dldlci, no sup., 3 v. a., 
 I learn. (Root da: cf. 5t5d(rK«, 
 doceo. ) 
 dlssimulanter, adv., secretly. 
 
 (disslianlo. ) 
 diu,a'/r.,foralongtime. (dies.) 
 divello, -velli, rarely -vulsi, 
 -vulsum, 3 r. a., 1 tear 
 asunder. 
 dives, -Itis, adj., rich, 
 divinitus, adv., from heaven, 
 by divine providence or in- 
 fluence, (divus, deus.) 
 divinus, -a, -um, adj., divine. 
 
 (dlvus, deus.) 
 do, di^di, datum, dclre, r. a., I 
 
 give. (Cf. 5t5(0M^ donum.) 
 doceo, -cui, -ctum, 2 v. a., 
 I teach. (Cf. disco.) 
 
 doleo, -ui, -Itum, 2t\w. and a., 
 
 I grieve, I grieve for. 
 dolor, -oris, m., pain, grief. 
 
 (doleo.) 
 domi, adv.y at home. Locative 
 
 case of d(3mus. 
 domus, -us, /., home, house. 
 
 (5oMos, root dem, to build.) 
 donee, conj., until, 
 dono, 1 V. a. , I give, I present. 
 
 (do. ) 
 donum, -i, n., gift, (do.) 
 dorsum, -i, »., back, 
 diibito, 1 V. «., I hesitate, 
 diitoius, -a, -um, adj., doubt- 
 ful. Dilbio prOcul, without 
 
 doubt, 
 dum, conj.y whilst, until, 
 duo, -ae, -6, muner. y two. {5vo.) 
 duo de -viginti, numtr.y eight- 
 een, 
 durus, -a, -um, adj., hard, 
 
 harsh. 
 dux, ducis, m.y leader, (duco.) 
 
 e, ex, prep. gov. all., out of, 
 from. Ex republica, to the 
 advantage of the state. 
 
 edo, C'di, esum, 3 v. a., I eat. 
 (Cf. edax, ^Sw, ea^tw.) 
 
 ecquis, ecqukl, inUrrog. suhst. 
 prou., whether any ? 
 
 e-do, -didi, -ditum, 3 v. a., 1 
 give forth, bring forth, pro- 
 duce, utter, form, raise. 
 
 ediico, I v. a., I rear, educate. 
 
 effero, ex 'tali, e latum, 3 v. a., 
 1 bring out. 
 
 efficio, -feci, -fectum, 3 «'.«., 
 I bring to pass, accomplish, 
 (ex, facio.) 
 
 eg5, per,'^. prov., T. 
 
 ego met, I myself. 
 
110 LATIN-ENGLISH FOCABULAEY. 
 
 LATINENGLISII VOCABULARY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 egredlor, -gressus, 3 v. dcp., I 
 go out, I leave, (gradior.) 
 
 egregius, -a, -um, adj.^ dis- 
 tinguished, eminent. (e, 
 grex, chosen from the herd.) 
 
 Electra, -ae, /., Electra. 
 ('HXe'/crpa.) 
 
 elephantus, -i, m., elephant. 
 {i\((pa^. ) 
 
 eloquentia, -ae, /., eloquence. 
 (oloquor.) 
 
 eliido, -si, -sum, 3 v. rt., I 
 mock, jeer at. 
 
 emitto, -misi, -missum, 3 i\ rt., 
 I send out. 
 
 emo, emi, emptum, 3 v. a., I 
 buy. 
 
 emptio, -onis, /., purchase, 
 l)uying. (t5mo.) 
 
 enim, conj., for. sed enim, 
 but indeed. 
 
 Ennius, -ii, yn., Ennius. 
 
 enuntio, 1 v. a., I declare, 
 mention. 
 
 60, Ivi or ii, Uum, Ire, 4 i'. ?*., I 
 go. (Root i ; cf. el/xi.) 
 
 60, adt\, thither, for that rea- 
 son, therefore, (is.) 
 
 ephippium, -ii, n., saddle, horse 
 caparison. {e<plinnov, from 
 
 €7ri, ITTTTOS. ) 
 
 epulae, arum, f.y feast, ban- 
 quet. (In slnrj. fpfllum, 
 i, n.) 
 
 equitatua, -us, ?«. , cavalry. 
 (6quus. ) 
 
 equus, -i, ?n., horse. (iTTTroy.) 
 
 ergo, adr. , therefore. 
 
 e rubesco, -bui, no sup., 3 t'. n. 
 incep. , I grow red, blush. 
 
 et, conj.^ and. 
 
 etiam, conj.^ also, even. 
 
 etiam'si, conj., even if. 
 
 Euander, -dri, m., Evander. 
 
 Euathlus, -i, w., Euathhis. 
 
 everto, -ti, -sum, 3 v. a.,1 over- 
 throw. 
 
 exanguis, or exsanguis, -e, 
 adj., bloodless, lifeless, (ex, 
 sanguis. ) 
 
 ex animatus, ])art. from ex- 
 anlmo, lifeless. 
 
 exanimo, 1 v. «., I deprive of 
 life, (anima.) 
 
 ex'cido, -cldi, -clsum, 3 ?\ a., I 
 cut out, off. (caedo. ) 
 
 excito, 1 y. a., I arouse. (Freq. 
 form of excio. ) 
 
 exclamo, 1 v. a. and n., I cry 
 out, exclaim. 
 
 ex 60, -ivi or ii, -Ttura, -ire, 4 v. 
 ;/., I go out. 
 
 ex erceo, -ui, -Itum, 2 v. a., I 
 drive on, I practise, (arceo.) 
 
 exercitus, -us, w., army, (ex- 
 erceo. ) 
 
 exerto, or exserto, no perf. and 
 sup., 1 r. a., I thrust out. 
 (ex, serto, freq. of s6ro.) 
 
 exigo, -rgi, -actum, 3 r. a., I 
 drive out. (Ago.) 
 
 exilium, or exsllium, -ii, n., 
 exile, (exul.) 
 
 eximius, -a, -um, adj., extra- 
 ordinary, uncommon, (eximo, 
 I take out of the mass.) 
 
 existimo, 1 v. a., I judge, con- 
 sider, (aestimo. ) 
 
 exitus, -us, m., going out, de- 
 parture, (exeo. ) 
 
 exordior, -orsus, 4 v. dtp. a., I 
 begin. 
 
 ex'pecto, or exspecto, 1 v. o., 
 I look for. (ex, specto. ) 
 
 ex'perior, -pertus, 4 v. dep , I 
 try. 
 
 I 
 
 expiro, or exspiro, 1 v. a., I 
 
 breathe out. (ex, spiro. ) 
 
 expono, -pOsui, -pOsltum, 3 v. 
 a., I set forth, explain. 
 
 exprimo, -pressi, -pressum, 
 3 I*, a., I press out. 
 (pr^mo. ) 
 
 expr5mo, -nipsi, -mptum, 3 v. 
 a., I bring forth, utter. 
 
 extemplo, adr., inmiediately. 
 
 ex to, or ex'sto, no perf. and 
 sup., -are, r. ??., I stand 
 forth, appear, (ex, sto.) 
 
 extra, prep. gov. ace, outside. 
 l']xtra tela, out of range. 
 
 extremus, -a, -um, adj., outer- 
 most, furthest. Extrema 
 nocte, at the very end of 
 night. Superl. degree from 
 [exter and extt-rus, post clas- 
 sical], exterior, extremus,and 
 extlmus. (ex.) 
 
 ex urge, or ex surge, exurrexi, 
 no sup., 3 V. 11. f I rise up. 
 (ex, surgo. ) 
 
 exiiro, -ussi, -ustum, 3 v. o., I 
 burn up. 
 
 Fabius, -ii, 7n., Fabius. 
 
 Fabricius, -ii, in., Fabricius 
 
 fabiila, -ae, /., fable, stoiy. 
 (fari, to say.) 
 
 facilis, -e, adj., ea.sy, good- 
 natured, (facio.) 
 
 faclnus, -Oris, /?., deed, crime. 
 (facio.) 
 
 facio, fc-ci, factum, fjlci^re, 3 v. 
 a , I make, do. Facio cum 
 aliquo, I take part with any- 
 one. 
 
 factum, -i, n.y deed. (fAcio. ) 
 
 facundia, -ae, /., eloquence 
 (fari, to say.) 
 
 fallo, fefelli, falsum, S v. a., I 
 deceive. {ff(pd\\oj, d'a<pa\-/}s.) 
 
 falsus, -a, -um, adj., false, 
 (fallo.) 
 
 falx, falcis, /., sickle. 
 
 fama, -ae, /., renown, (fari, to 
 
 familia, -ae (old gen. -as), /., 
 the slaves in a household, a 
 household. 
 
 familiaris, -e, adj., belonging 
 to a houseliold (filmllia), inti- 
 mate ; as subst., friend. 
 
 Favorinus, -i, m., Favorinus. 
 
 fecundus, -a, um, adj., fruit- 
 ful. 
 
 feliciter, happily : felicius, fe- 
 licissime. (folix.) 
 
 fellx, fC'llcis, adj., happy, rich. 
 
 fera, -ae,/., wild beast, (ferus. ) 
 
 fere, adr., almost. 
 
 ferinus, -a, -um, adj., of wild 
 beasts, (ferus.) 
 
 ferme, adv., nearly, about, 
 usually. (Cf. fere.) 
 
 fero, tuli, latum, ferre, 3 v. a., 
 I bear ; I tell, say. {<p€puj, 
 tollo.) 
 
 ferox, ferocis, adj., fierce. (Cf. 
 ferus. ) 
 
 ferus, -a, -um, a^/y., wild. (Cf. 
 ferox. ) 
 
 fervo, -vi, no sup., 3, v. n., I 
 grow hot ; commoner form, 
 ferveo, -bui, no sup. , 2. 
 
 festino, 1. v. n. and a., I has- 
 ten. 
 
 fetus, -us, in., brood, offspring. 
 
 fides, -ei,/., faith, trustworthi- 
 ness, (fido.) 
 
 fides, -is, /., string, stringed 
 instrument, lyre ; usually in 
 plural only. 
 
 ;i 
 
112 LATINEXGLISH FOCABULjnV, 
 
 fiducla, -ae,/., trust, courage. 
 
 (fido.) 
 filius, -ii, 7M., son. 
 flngo, -nxi, -nctum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I form, fashion, 
 fio, f actus, fieri, v. n., (used as 
 pass, of facio), I am made, 
 become, 
 firmo, 1 V. a., I strengthen. 
 
 (Hnnus. ) 
 flagitium, -ii, n. , shameful act, 
 
 ^disgrace, (flaglto. ) 
 fligro, 1 y. n., I burn, blaze, 
 flavesco, no perf. and sup., 
 3 V. w., I become yellow. 
 (Inceptive form of fliiveo.) 
 flectQ, -xi, -xum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 bend. 
 fl68, -oris, m., flower, 
 fluctus, -us, m., wave, (fluo.) 
 fliiito, I V. n , I float. (In- 
 
 tensitive form of fluo.) 
 foculua, -i, m., little hearth, 
 brazier. (diminutive of 
 focus), 
 foris, adv., out of doors. (fOris, 
 
 a iloor. ) 
 formido, -Inis, /., fear, 
 fors, fortis,/., chance, 
 forte. a'liK, by chance, (abl. of 
 
 fors. ) 
 fortis, -e, adj., brave, 
 fortlter.arf'"., bravely, (fortis.) 
 fortitudo, -luis, /., bravery. 
 
 (fortis. ) 
 fortuitU3, -a, -um, adj., acci- 
 dental, (fors.) 
 £rater, -tris, w., brother. 
 
 ((ppdTT]p, clansman.) 
 fraudulentus, -a, -um, a</;., de- 
 ceitful, (fraus. ) 
 fraus, fraudis, /., deceit, 
 fraxinus, -i, /"., ash tree. 
 
 fremitus, -us, m., roaring 
 
 (fremo. ) 
 frenum, -i, n., bridle, bit. 
 frons, frondis,/., leafy branch, 
 
 foliage, 
 friigea, -um. Cf. fiux. 
 friimentum, -i, n., corn. (For 
 
 frfiulmentum, cf. frux, fruor. ) 
 frustra, adc, in vain. (Cf. 
 
 fraus. ) 
 fnix, frfigis, J., fruit. Nora. 
 
 sing, rare ; more common in 
 
 plural. (Cf. fruor.) 
 fuga, -ae, /., flight, (filgio, 
 
 0ci>ya). ) 
 fiigitivua, -a, -um, adj., fugi- 
 tive, (fngio.) 
 fulgeo, fulsl, no sup., 2 v. n., I 
 
 glitter. (Cf. fulgur,lightning. ) 
 fondo, ffidi, fusum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 pour out, scatter, 
 fundua, -i, m, farm, 
 furtlm, adv., secretly, (fur, 
 
 thief.) 
 fiisua. Cf. fundo. 
 
 galea, -ae, /., helmet. 
 
 GallicuB, -a, -um, adj., belong- 
 ing to (iaul, Gallic. 
 
 Gallua, -i, m., a Caul. 
 
 Gellius, -ii, m., Gellius. 
 
 gemitua, us, m., groan. (g6mo.) 
 
 gens, gent is, /., clan, race, 
 nation. (Cf. gigno, genus.) 
 
 genus, -eris, »., race, kind. 
 iyevo^, gens, gigno.) 
 
 gero, gessi, gestuu), 3 v. a., I 
 bear, I carry on. 
 
 geato, 1 V. a.,'l carry. (Intens. 
 of gC'ro.) 
 
 gigno, gfnui, gCnltum, 3 r. a., 
 I produce. (Cf. gens, genus.) 
 
 gladius, -ii, m., sword. 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, 
 
 113 
 
 gloria, -ae, /., renown, glory. 
 Graece, adv., in Greek. 
 Graecla, -ue,/., Greece, 
 gramen, -Inis, n., grass, 
 gramineus, -a, -um, adj,y made 
 
 of grass, (gramen.) 
 grandls, -e, adj., great, large, 
 abundant. Grandis natu, ad- 
 vanced in age. 
 gratia, -ae, /., favour, in- 
 fluence, gratitude, thanks: 
 with agere in plural only. 
 In abl. gratia, for the sake 
 of, with gen. (gratus.) 
 CTatulatio, -onis, /., rejoicing, 
 conL'ratulation. (gratillor.) 
 gratulor, 1 v. d.p-, 1 congratu- 
 * late, give thanks, (gratus.) 
 giila, -ae,/., throat. 
 
 habeo, 2v.a.,l have, 
 habito, 1 r. o. and n., 1 in- 
 habit, 'dwell in. (Inteusitive 
 
 of habeo.) 
 haereo, haesi, haesum, 2 v. n., 
 
 I stick to. 
 Hannibal, -Mis, m., Hannil.al. 
 naud, adv., not. 
 haurlo, hausi, haustum, 4 v. a., 
 I draw up, drink, tear open, 
 wound, 
 haut (or hand), adv., not. 
 hautqua quam, or baud qua- - 
 
 quam, adv., by no means. 
 Herclea (or Hercftles), -is and -i. 
 m., Hercules. For form 
 Hercle, cf. iii. 1. note, 
 hichaec, hoc, danomtr. pron., 
 
 this, 
 hic, adv., here, 
 nilarla, -e, adj., merry, amus- 
 
 Mnc, adv.y hence, (hic.) 
 
 hlo, 1 V. n.,l open my mouth, 
 
 gape. Kiniis hiantem, with 
 
 wide open clefts, lit., gaping 
 
 open with clefts^ 
 
 Hlapanla, -ae,/., Spain. 
 
 HlspanicuB, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 Spanish. 
 Ulstrio, -onis, 7n., actor. (Etrus- 
 can word hister, an actor. ) 
 Hodie, adv., to-day. (^oc die.) 
 nodiernus, -a, -um, adj., ot tnia 
 
 day. (hodie.) 
 homo, -Tnis, m., man. ^i^i- 
 
 hum anus.) 
 honestus, -a, -um, a((;-, nonour- 
 able, proper, respectable, 
 (hftiior.) _ . 
 
 honor, or honoa, -oris, ?«., 
 
 honour. 
 Horatlua, -ii, m., Horatius. 
 hortor, 1 r. dep., I encourage, 
 
 urge. (Cf. 6pvvfu, op/x^-) 
 hospea, -Itis, m., host, guest, 
 stranger. (Cf. hostis, stran- 
 ger, enemy.) , . . - 
 hospita, -ae,/, (feminine form 
 of hospes, ) female host, guest, 
 stranger, 
 hostis, -is, c, enemy, 
 huluscemodl, and huius modi, 
 
 of this kind. (Cf. modus.) 
 hiimerua, -i, m., shoulder. 
 hiimiUs, -e, adj. , low, humble 
 insignificant. (hCimus, ground.) 
 
 laclo, led, lactum, 3 r. a., I 
 
 throw, 
 iara, adv., already, now. 
 ihi, adv., there, thereupon, (is.) 
 ibidem, adv., in the same place, 
 
 immediately, (ibi, dem. cf. 
 
 idem. ) 
 
 II 
 
114 LATIN-EXGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABVLARY. 1 1 5 
 
 Ictus, -us, m., blow, stroke.- ^ 
 (Obsolete present y\QO 2l\\^ icio, 
 I strike.) 
 
 Idclrco, adv., therefore, (id- 
 
 circo. ) 
 idem, eadem, idem, pron., 
 
 same, (is, and suffix dem.) 
 idoneus, -a, -um, adj., fit. 
 igitur, conj., then, therefore. 
 
 (is, and suffix tur.) 
 ignavla, -ae, ./:, cowardice. 
 
 (in-snavus, lazy, cowardly ; 
 
 from navus, or guavus, 
 
 busy.) 
 ignis, -is, 771., fire, 
 igndminia, -ae, /., disgrace. 
 
 (in-nomeu, or gnumeu, loss 
 
 of good name. ) 
 ignore, I V. a. and h., I am 
 
 ignorant of. (ignarus, for 
 
 in-gnarus or -narus. 
 
 I'gnosco, -nOvi, nOtum, 3 v. a., 
 1 pardon, overlook. (in- 
 gnosco or -nosco.) 
 
 i-gnotus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 known, (in -gnotus or notus. ) 
 
 ilex, -Icis, /"., holm-oak, or 
 great scarlet oak. Quercus 
 
 ilex L. 
 ilico (or illico), adv., oq the 
 spot, immediately. (in, 
 
 loco. ) 
 ille, ilia, illild, deinonstr. pron., 
 
 that, he. 
 
 iUic, adv., in that place, there, 
 (ille, ce.) 
 
 immdbills, -e, adj., motion- 
 less, (in, m5veo.) ^ 
 
 impedio, -ivi or -ii, -Itum, 
 4 V. a., I hinder. (in, 
 
 pes. ) 
 Imperator, -oris, m., general. 
 (impOro. ) 
 
 imperlum, -ii, n., command, 
 
 empire, (impi'ro.) 
 impero, 1 v. a., I command, 1 
 
 rule over (dat. ). 
 impetro, 1 v. a., I accomplish, 
 
 obtain. 
 Impetus, -us, ??j., attack, force. 
 
 (inpeto, I rush upon.) 
 im mitis, -e, adj., stern. 
 in, ftrep. gov. ace. and all., in, 
 
 into, on, against, 
 in cede, -cessi, -cessum, 3 o. n., 
 
 I approach. 
 Incendium, -ii, n., fire, (in- 
 
 cendo, fr. in, candeo.) 
 incido, -cidi, -cisum, 3 v. a., I 
 cut into, cut through, open, 
 (in, caedo.) 
 Incipio, -cC'pi, -ceptum, 3 v. a., 
 I begin, (in, cftpio, I seize 
 upon.) 
 include, -si, -sum, 3 v. a., i 
 
 shut in. (claudo.) 
 incognitus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 known, (in -cognosce. ) 
 incoliimis, -e, adj., uninjured, 
 
 safe. 
 incruentus, -a, -um, adj.^ 
 
 bloodless, (cruer.) 
 incurro, -curri or -cdcurri, 
 cursum, 3 v. n., I rush into, 
 rush against, attack, 
 incursie, -Onis, /., inroad, at- 
 tack, (in'curro.) 
 Inde, adv., thence, thencefor- 
 ward, (is.) 
 indice, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 proclaim. 
 Indicus, -a, -um, adj., Indian, 
 indignus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 worthy. 
 induce, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 bring in, exhibit. 
 
 Indue, -ui, -utum, 3 v, a., I 
 put on. (eVSi'W.) 
 
 ineptus, -a, -um, adj., unsuit- 
 able, foolish, (in, aptus.) 
 
 inexplicabilis, -e, adj., hard 
 to unfold, understand, intri- 
 cate, (in, ex, plico, I fold.) 
 
 infitiae, -arum,/., denial. Only 
 used in ace. plnr. in i^hjase 
 infitias ire, to deny. (in- 
 fateor.) 
 
 a., I blow into or 
 
 -e, adj., shapeless. 
 
 in -fie, 1 V 
 
 upon. 
 Infermis, 
 
 (forma. ) 
 infra, adv. , and prep. gov. ace, 
 below. (Forinfenl, sc. parte.) 
 in-fringe, -frOgi, -fractum, 3 
 v. a., I break in upon, 
 break, (frango.) 
 ingenium, ii, n., nature, 
 talout, genius. (in, gigno.) 
 ingens, -entis, adj., immense, 
 in gratus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 grateful, 
 ingredior, -gressus, 3 t- . drp., I 
 St c]) into, advance, (grildior.) 
 in-imicus, -a, -um, adj., hos- 
 tile ; as snhsf., an enemy, 
 (in, Amicus.) 
 in-iquus, -a, -um, unccjual, un- 
 fair, dangerous, (in, ae^uus.) 
 in-iuratus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 sworn, relieved from oath, 
 (in, iuro.) . 
 
 iniurla, -ae, /, wrong, insult. 
 
 (in, ius.) 
 inlecebra, or illecehra, -ae, J., 
 attraction, allurement, (il- 
 
 licio.) 
 inlustris, or iUustris, -e, adj., 
 famous, (inlubtio, I make 
 light. ) 
 
 inmanis, or immanls, -e, adj., 
 fierce, (in, manus, old Latin 
 word == bonus: cf. manes, 
 good spirits. ) 
 inmensus, -a, -um, adj., im 
 
 nK-a-urable. (metior.) 
 inmerite, adv., undeservedly. 
 
 (in, mereo.) 
 in-mitto, -misi, -niissum, 3 
 v. a., I send in, thrust in, 
 carry in, incite or suborn 
 against. Used absolutely, 
 sc. equum, urge horse for- 
 ward, vi. 9. 
 inmortalis, or immertalis, -e, 
 
 adj., immortal. 
 in-6pinatus, -a, -um, adj., un- 
 expected, (in, opinor.) 
 in-peritus, -a, -um, unskilled, 
 inperfectus, -a, -um, adj., not 
 thoroughly finished, un- 
 finished, (fricio) 
 inplumis, -e, adj. , unfcathered, 
 
 unfledged, (pluma.) 
 in pone, -p6sui, -pOsitum, 3 
 
 V. «., I place on. 
 
 inquam, r. n., defective, I say. 
 
 in- quire, -sivi, -situm, 3 v. a., I 
 
 search into, examine, (in, 
 
 quaero.) 
 
 inridee, -rlsi, -risum, 2 v. a. 
 
 and n.,l laugh at. 
 
 insania, -ae,/. , madness, (sanus. ) 
 
 inscende, -endi, -ensum, 3 v.a., 
 
 1 climb up, mount, (scando.) 
 
 insidee, -sOdi, -sessum, 2v.n., 
 
 I sit on, occupy. (sGdeo.) 
 in-sidiae, -arum, f, J>lur. only. 
 ambush, treachery. (in- 
 sldco.) 
 insigne, -is, n., badge, orna- 
 ment, (in-signis, disting- 
 uished by a mark, signum.) 
 
11 G LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 11 
 
 Inslsto, -stiti, no sup., 3 v. w., 
 I stand on, rest on, per- 
 sist. 
 
 Insolens, -entis, adj.y unac- 
 customed to, with gen. (in, 
 s6leo. ) 
 
 Insolenter, adv. , haughtily. 
 (iu'solens. ) 
 
 Inspecto, 1 v. a., I look upon. 
 (Frequentative of in'spicio, 
 from specio.) 
 
 instinctus, -a, -um, part. fr. in- 
 stinguo. 
 
 instinguo, -nxi, -nctum, 3 v. a., 
 I incite. (Only in perf. part, 
 pass, in classical writers. ) 
 
 instituo, -ui, -utum, 3 v. a.y 
 I determine. (stAtuo.) 
 
 insto, -stiti, no sup., 1 v. n. , I 
 stand upon, press upon, in- 
 sist. 
 
 in'struo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 build upon, I draw up, ar- 
 range. 
 
 Insuesco, -evi, -etum, 3 v. n., 
 I am accustomed. 
 
 insula, -ae, /. , island, lodging- 
 house. 
 
 integer, -gra, -gruni, ac//., un- 
 touched, sound, (tango.) 
 
 intellego, -exi, -ectuni, 3 v. a., 
 I perceive, understand, 
 (inter, l<?go.) 
 
 inter, prep. (jov. ace, between. 
 
 among. 
 
 inter ea, adi\, meanwhile, 
 (inter 'ea, from is.) 
 
 inter dico, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 forbid. 
 
 intereo, -ii, -Itum, 4 v. n., I 
 die. (Lit., I go among 
 several things, and so, dis- 
 appear. ) 
 
 inter'flcio, -feci, -fectum, 3 v. 
 
 a., I kill, (facio, lit., I put 
 
 between. ) 
 interim, adv., meanwhile. 
 
 (iuter, im old ace. of is.) 
 interitus, -us, w., ruin, death. 
 
 (intereo.) 
 interprea, -fitis, com.^ inter- 
 preter, 
 inter rogo, 1 v. a., I question, 
 
 ask. 
 intimus, -a, -um, adj., inmost, 
 
 superlative from [intCrus, not 
 
 found ; cf. inter and intra], 
 
 interior, 
 intra, adv., Q.nd prep. gov. ace, 
 
 within, 
 in'trepidus, -a, -um, adj., fear- 
 less. 
 intrSdiico, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I bring in, introduce. 
 intro'eo, -Ivi or -ii, -Itum, 4 
 
 V. n., I go in, enter, 
 introgredior, -gressus,3?'. rfe/)., 
 
 I step in, enter, (gridior. ) 
 introrumpo, -rfipi, -ruptum, 3 
 
 V. ti. , I burst into, 
 in venlo, - vOni, -ventum, 4 v. a. , 
 
 I come upon, tind. 
 in'visus, -a, -um, adj., hated. 
 
 (in-video, I look at with evil 
 
 eye, hate.) 
 ipse, -a, -um, demotiHtr. pron.y 
 
 himself, herself, itself. 
 ira, -ae,/., an^er. 
 is, ea, id, demon^tr. pron.,i\\di,t, 
 
 he, she, it. 
 i iste, -a, -tid, demoiintr. pron.y 
 
 that of yours, that near 
 
 you. 
 istic, -aec, oc or -uc, demonstr. 
 
 pron., that of yours, that 
 
 near you. (For iste'ce.) 
 
 Ita, adv., thus, so. 
 Italia, -ae,/., Italy, 
 item, adv., likewise, also, (is.) 
 iter, itlneris, n., journey, (eo.) 
 iterum, adv., a second time, 
 again. (Ace. sing, of com- 
 parative form from is.) 
 itidem, adv., in like manner. 
 
 (ita, dem.) 
 iubeo, iussi, iussum, 2 r. a., I 
 
 order, 
 iucunde, adv., pleasantly. 
 
 (iucundus. ) 
 iucundus, -a, -um, adj., plea- 
 sant, delightful. (i6cus. ) 
 iudex, -Icis, m., judge, (ms, 
 
 dico.) 
 iudico, 1 V. a., 1 judge, decide. 
 
 (ius, dico.) 
 lulianus, -i, m., Julian, 
 mpiter (or lupplter), lOvis, m., 
 Jupiter, Jove. (lovis' pater : 
 cf. Zei'S irar-hp. lovis from 
 root div, bright.) 
 iiiro and \\\toy [dep.), 1 u. a. , I 
 
 swear, (ius.) 
 ius, iuris, n., right, law, jus- 
 tice. (Root iu, join : cf. 
 
 fci'ryi/i'Mt-) ... ,. 
 
 lusiurandum, lurisiurancli, n., 
 
 oath, (ius, iuro.) 
 lustuB, -a, -um, adj., right, 
 fair, (ius.) 
 
 L. , for Lucius. 
 
 labor, -oris, m., toil, labour. 
 
 Lacedaemonius, -a, um, adj., 
 
 Lacedavmonian, Spartan. 
 LaconicuB, -a, -um, adj., La- 
 
 conian, Lacedaemonian, 
 lacrimo, 1 r. n., I weep. 
 
 (lacrlma : cf. hiKpv, tear.) 
 laetltia, -ae,/., joy. (laetus.) 
 
 laetus, -a, -um, adj., glad, rich, 
 lambo, -bi, -bltum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 lick, 
 lamenta, orum, n., phir. only, 
 
 wailing, lamentation, 
 lana, -ae,/., wool. 
 lanio, \ V. a., 1 tear, mangle. 
 
 (Cf. lAcer, torn to pieces. ) 
 lat^ adv., widely, (latus.) 
 latibra, -ae, /., hiding place. 
 
 (l.lteo, I lie hid.) 
 
 latibrosus, -a, -um, adj., full 
 of hiding places ; hidden, re- 
 tired. (latObra.) 
 Latine, adv., in Latin. 
 Latlnus, -a, -um, adj., Latin, 
 latro, 1 v.n., I bark, bark at. 
 latus, -a, -um, adj., broad, 
 latus, -a, -um, part, of f^ra 
 latus, ^ris, n., side, 
 laudo, 1 r. a., I praise, (laus.) 
 laurus, -us,/., bay tree, laurel 
 
 tree, 
 laus, laudis,/, praise. 
 laxo, \ V. a., 1 loosen, relax. 
 
 (laxus ; cf. languidus.) 
 legatus, -i, m., ambassador, 
 lieutenant, (lego, -are, I send 
 with a charge, depute.) 
 lego, lexi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I col- 
 lect, choose out, read. (X^7'^> 
 X670S, dilegens.) 
 leniter, arfr., gently. (leiiis : 
 
 cf. lentus.) 
 leo, -Onis, m., lion, {\ioiv.) 
 lepide, adv., charmingly, hu- 
 morously. (Icpldus. ) 
 lepidus, a, -um, adj., charm - 
 ing,humorous. (lepos,charm. ) 
 Lesbius, -a, -um, adj., Lesbian, 
 
 of Lesbos. 
 l8vo, 1 V. a., 1 raise up, relieve. 
 (Cf. levis, light.) 
 
118 LATIN-ENGLISU VOCABULAnY. 
 
 lex, legls, /., laT7. 
 
 libenter, adv. , gladly, willingly. 
 
 (libet.) 
 liber, -bri, on., book. (Lit,, 
 
 inner bark of tree.) 
 liberalis, -e, adj., befitting a 
 freeman, decorous, noble. 
 (liber.) 
 libero, 1 v. a., I set free. 
 
 (liber. ) 
 libra, -ae, /., pound. (Cf. 
 
 Xirpa. ) 
 Kcet, licuit and llcitum est, 2 
 r. n., defective, it is allow- 
 able, 
 ligneus, -a, -um, adj., wooden. 
 
 (lignum.) 
 lignum, -i, n., what is gathered 
 
 (If^go) as firewood, wood, 
 lineamentum, -i, «., feature. 
 
 (llnea, a line.) 
 Ungua, -ae, /. , tongue, 
 lis, litis,/., lawsuit, 
 litiglosus, -a, -um, quarrel- 
 some, (lis.) 
 littera (or litera), -ae, /., letter. 
 
 (lino.) 
 locus, -i, nom. plur. -i and -a, 
 
 m., place, position, rank, 
 longe, adv., far off, by far. 
 longus, -a, -um, adj. ,long,farofT. 
 loquor, -cutus, 3 v. dep., I 
 
 speak, say. 
 lorum, -i, n. , thong, leash. 
 Lucius, -ii, m.j Lucius, 
 luctus, -us, m., mourning. 
 
 (Ifigeo.) 
 lugeo, -xi, [-ctum], 2 v. n. and 
 
 a. , I mourn, mourn for. 
 lugdbrls, -e, adj., mournful. 
 
 (lugeo.) 
 Lusitanus, -a, -um, adj.^ of 
 Lusitania. 
 
 lux, lucis,/., light, day. Lucis 
 ortu, at sunrise ; prima luce, 
 at dawn, (luceo. ) 
 
 M., for Marcus. 
 
 magis, adv. , more : compara- 
 tive degree from magn6pt?re, 
 magis, maxime. (Kootmagh: 
 cf. iJtfyas.) 
 magister, -tri, m., master. 
 (mAgis and comparative 
 suffix ter. ) 
 magnitudo, -Inis, /., size. 
 
 (magnus.) 
 magnus, -a, -um, adj., great. 
 
 (Root magh : cf. ^1^705.) 
 maior, maius, adj., compara- 
 tive degree of magnus, maior, 
 maxinnis. 
 
 mandatum, -i, «., command, 
 (mando.) 
 
 mando, 1 v. a., I entrust, com- 
 mand, enjoin upon. Mando 
 litteris, I commit to writing, 
 (manus, do.) 
 
 maneo, -nsi, -nsum, 2 v. n., I 
 remain. 
 
 Manlius, -ii, m., Manlius. 
 
 mansuetus, -a, -um, part, from 
 mansuesco, tamed, gentle. 
 
 mansuesco, -silC-vi, saotum, 3 v. 
 a. and »., I tame, grow tame. 
 ( Manus, suesco, 1 accustom to 
 the hand.) 
 
 manus, -as,/., hand, band. 
 
 Marcus, -i, ?«., Marcus, 
 
 mare, -is, ?/., sea. (Root mar, 
 to shine: cf. marmor.) 
 
 maritimus, -a, -um, belonging 
 to the sea, maritime, (mare.) 
 
 maritus, i, m., husband. 
 
 (mas.) 
 mater,-tris.y., mother. (fxriTrjp.) 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULABY. 
 
 119 
 
 mater •famiUas,matris-fiimilias, 
 /:, mother of a family, matron. 
 
 m'atrimonium, -ii, n., marriage, 
 (mater. ) 
 
 matrona, -ae, /, matron. 
 
 (mater.) 
 maturesco, -rui, no sup., .^ i- 
 
 n. nicpptivr, I become ripe, 
 maximus, -a, -um, adj., great- 
 est ; superlative degree, from 
 
 mai^Mius, maior. 
 medeor, no perf., 2 v. dep., 1 
 
 cure, 
 medicina, -ae, /, medicine, 
 
 remedy. (From adj. mf^dl- 
 
 cinus, HC. ars.) 
 medicinus, -a, -um, m^., metli- 
 
 cal. (Cf. medeor.) 
 medlcus, -i, m., doctor. (Lt. 
 
 n., I 
 
 medeor.) 
 medlus, -a, -um, adj., miaaie. 
 
 (Macros.) _ 
 membrum, -1, n., 11m o. 
 memoria, -ae, /., memory, re 
 collection, story. (mOmor.) 
 memoro, 1 r. a., I call to re- 
 membrance, I relate. (Ct. 
 memoria.) 
 Menander, -dri, m., Menander. 
 
 (MeVavSpos.) 
 mendacium, -ii, n., lie. (men- 
 
 dax, mentior.) 
 mens, mentis,/., mind. (Root 
 
 mem ; cf. memini.) 
 mentior, 4 r. dep., I tell lies. 
 (Lit., I invent, root men: 
 cf. mens.) 
 merces, -Cdis,/, price. (m6reor, 
 
 1 earn.^ 
 mercor, 1 v. dep. a., I buy. 
 
 (merx, merchandise, mCreor.) 
 mereor, 2 v. dep., I deserve, 
 
 earn, (^^pos, share.) 
 
 meridianus, -a, -um, adj., oi 
 
 mid - day. (merldies for 
 
 medi- dies, from m6dius, 
 
 dies.) . 
 
 messis, -is, ace. -em and -im, 
 
 /;, harvest, (m^to.) 
 Metbymnaeus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 
 Methymna. {"Slrjdvfxva.) 
 meto, messui, messum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I reap. (Cf. messis.) 
 metus, -us, on., fear. 
 1 mens, -a, -um, adj., my. 
 ' mice, -ui, no sup., 1 v. 
 glitter. 
 migro, 1 V. w., I depart from, 
 
 quit. (Cf. meo, I go.) 
 miles, -Itis, c, soldier. 
 Milesius, -a, -um, adj., ot 
 
 Miletus. 
 Miletus, ■{,/., Miletus, a town 
 
 in Asia Minor. ( MiXtjtos. ) 
 militaris, -e, adj., military. 
 
 (miles.) 
 Milo, -onis, m., Milo. 
 ministro, 1 v. a., I wait upon, 
 serve up, hand, (minister, 
 servant. ) 
 minor, -us, adj., less, compara- 
 tive of parvus. (Root min : 
 cf . minuo, I lessen. ) 
 minor, 1 v. dep., I threaten. 
 
 (minae, threats.) 
 mirandus, -a, -um, wonderful : 
 
 gpr. of mlror. 
 mirificus, a, -um, adj., caus- 
 ing wonder, marvellous, 
 (mirus, filcio.) 
 miror, 1 v. dep. , I wonder at. 
 
 (Cf. mlrus.) 
 mirus, -a, -um, adj., wonder- 
 ful. , 
 miser, -era, -erumja^/j., wretch- 
 ed. (Root mi: cf. mlnuo.) 
 
120 
 
 LA TIN-ENGLISH VOCA B ULA H K. 
 
 miserandus, -a, -um, pitiable: 
 
 nn-undivt of mlseror. 
 mi8eror,li;.dep.,Ipity. (miser.) 
 mitis, -e, adj., gentle. 
 Mitridates, -is and -i, w-, J>ii^- 
 
 ridates or Mithridates. 
 mitto, misi, missum, 3 y. a., 1 
 
 send. - , , 
 
 mobilis, -e, adj. , movable, fickle. 
 (For movil)ilis, from mOveo ) 
 modestus, -a, -um, adj., mod- 
 erate, virtuous, discreet. 
 (iTi6dus.) 
 modo, adv., only, (l^it., Dy 
 
 measure, m5dus.) 
 modus, -i, w., measure, man- 
 ner, huiusmodi, of this sort, 
 moenia, -ium, ?»., plur. only, 
 defensive walls, ramparts. 
 (Cf. mrinio.) 
 mollis, -e, orfj., easy, soft. 
 
 (moveo.) . 
 
 moneo, 2 v. a., I warn, advise, 
 
 remind, 
 monile, -is, n., coU^, necklace, 
 monimentum, -i, n., monu- 
 ment, (m^neo, I remind.) 
 mens, montis, w., mountain , 
 moribundus, -a, -um, adj., 
 
 dying. (m5rior.) 
 morior, mortuus, 3 r. n., i clie. 
 mordsus, -a, -um, adj., bad- 
 tempered, 
 mors, mortis, /., cleatli. 
 
 (Cf. mOrior.) 
 mos, moris, m., manner, 
 custom. More ursino like a 
 bear. De more, according to 
 custom, as usual, 
 mox, adr., soon. 
 muUibris, -e, adj., womanly. 
 
 (malier.) 
 miUler, -eris,/., woman. 
 
 multo (or mulctD), 1 «. a., I 
 
 punish, fine, 
 multus, -a, -um, adj., many, 
 
 much. Comp., plus; sup., 
 
 plurlmus. 
 mundus, -a, -um, adj., clean, 
 
 tidy. . , 
 
 munimentum, -i, n., fortitica 
 
 tion. (munio) 
 munio, 4 v. n., 1 fortify. (t.t. 
 
 inocnia, mfirus.) 
 murmur, -ilris, «., complaint, 
 murus, -i, w., wall. (Rootmu: 
 
 cf. munio, moenia.) 
 mutuus, -a, -um, adj., bor- 
 rowed, lent, (muto, I change.) 
 
 nam, co)\j., for. 
 
 nanciscor, nactua, and nanctus, 
 
 3 r. dip., I obtain, reach, 
 narls, -is, /., nostril, nose; 
 
 usually in plural, 
 narro, 1 v. a., I tell, relate 
 (Cf. i-gnarus, nosco ; root 
 ;^'na, know.) 
 nascor, nfitus, 3 r. (/e;?., 1 am 
 
 born, spring up. 
 natio, -onis, /., race, nation. 
 
 (nascor.) 
 natura, -ae,/., nature. Kediit 
 in naturam, it returned to its 
 natural position, (nascor.) 
 natus, -us, m., birth, age. 
 Natu grandis, advanced m 
 age. (nascor.) 
 naula. Cf. navita. , ^ . . . 
 navalis, -e, af/j., naval, (navis.) 
 navls, -is,/., ship. (»'ai'S.) 
 navita (or nauta), -ae, m., 
 
 sailor, (navis.) 
 ne, a(/y. and conj., not, m order 
 
 that not, lest. 
 -ii8, enf^tVtc interrog. particle. 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 121 
 
 nebulo, -onis, vi., worthless 
 fellow, (nebtlla, mist: ct. 
 nul)es, cloud.) 
 
 nee, neither, nor, and not. 
 
 necesse, adj., nom. and ace. , 
 water only, necessary. 
 
 neco, Ir. a.,lkill. [Ci.yiKvs, 
 
 corpse.) 
 negligo, and neglego, -exi, 
 
 -ectum, 3 r. a., i neglect. 
 
 (ncc, li^go, I do not pick up.) 
 nego, 1 V. n. and a., 1 deny, 
 
 refuse, 
 nemo, -Inis, pron., no one. (ne, 
 
 homo. ) 
 nequaquam, ml v., by no 
 
 means, 
 neque, neither, nor, and not. 
 nex. n(^cis, /., violent death. 
 (nOco.) ,, ^, . 
 
 nidulus, -i, m., a little nest. 
 
 (demin. of iiTdus.) 
 nihil, ml, n., iiidecl., nothing, 
 nihilo, by nothing; cf. n\hl- 
 lum. Used with compara- , 
 tives, nihilo minus, none the 
 less, 
 nihilom, -i, n., nothing, 
 nimis, adv., too much, 
 nimium, adv. and s^ihst., too 
 
 much. 
 niBi, conj., unless, 
 nitor, nlsus and nixus, 3 v. 
 de/K , I strive. , , , , 
 
 nobilis, -e, adj., celebrated, 
 noble. (For gnobilis, from 
 nosco or gnosco.) 
 nomen, -Inis, n., name. (Ct. 
 
 nosco. ) 
 non, adv. , not. , 
 
 nonne, interrog. adv.,\B not! 
 nonnuUuB, -a, -um, adj.y some, 
 several. 
 
 nos, plnr. of ego, we. (Cf. vw.) 
 nos metipsl, we ourselves, 
 nosco, novi, notum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 know. (Or gnosco, root gno : 
 
 cf. nomen, nobilis.) 
 noster, -tra, -trum, adj., our. 
 
 (nos.) 
 nota, -ae, /., mark, brand. 
 
 (nosco.) 
 notus, -a, -um, known, part. 
 
 from nosco. 
 I novem, numer., nine, 
 novus, -a, -um, adj., new. 
 nox, noctis,/., night, {vv^.) 
 noxa, -ae, /., injury, harm. 
 
 (n6ceo.) 
 nubo, -psi, -ptum, 3 v. n., lam 
 married (of the woman), with 
 dative. (Lit., I veil myself: 
 cf. nubes.) 
 nudus, -a, -um, adj., bare, un- 
 armed, 
 nullus, -a, -um, adj., none. 
 (ne-ullus.) . 
 
 numen, -inis, n., nod, will, divi- 
 nity, (nuo.) 
 numerus, -i, in., number. ((A. 
 v^fxu, I distribute, nummus.) 
 nunc, adv., now. (num'ce : 
 
 cf. PVV.) 
 
 nunquam, adv., never, (ne- 
 
 unquam. ) 
 nuntio, 1 v. a., I announce, 
 
 report. (Cf. n6vus.) 
 nusquam, «(? I'., nowhere, (ne- 
 
 usquam. ) 
 
 6b, prep. gov. ace, on account 
 
 obiicio, and obicio, obieci, 
 obiectum, 3 v. a., I throw 
 before, I reproach with, 
 (jacio. ) 
 
I i ! 
 
 122 LATIKENGLISn VOCABVLABY. 
 
 Ob -lino, -levi, -lltum, 3 v. a., 1 
 
 smear over, 
 oboedlo, 4 v. n., I obey, with 
 
 dative, (ob, audio.) 
 oborior, -ortus, 4 v. dep., I 
 
 prow, spring up. 
 ob-pito (or oppeto), -ivi or 
 -ii, -itum, 3 i'. a., I en- 
 counter. 
 Ob pugno (or oppugno), 1 v. a., 
 
 1 fight against, attack, 
 obsecro, 1 v. a., I beseech, 
 entreat, (sacro, lit., I ask 
 on religious grounds, ob 
 sacrum. ) 
 obsideo, -sedi, -sessum, 2 i\ n., 
 
 I besiege. (s6deo.) 
 obsidio, -ouis, /., siege. (ob- 
 sideo.) 
 ob servo, 1 v. a., I notice, 
 
 attend to. 
 obtineo, -ui, -tentum, 2 v. a., 
 
 I hold, (teneo.) 
 ob venio, -vCni, -ventum, 4 
 V. n., I come in way of, fall 
 to lot of. 
 ob-viam, adt\, with dative, in 
 the way. Obviam ire, pro- 
 gredi, etc., alicui, to meet 
 anyone, (via.) 
 obvlus, -a, -um, adj., in the 
 
 way. (via.) 
 occido, -cldi, clsum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 kill, (caedo.) 
 occupD, 1 V. a., I seize, take 
 
 hold of. (ob, cnpio.) 
 octo, num., eight. ^ {6ktu}.) 
 octoginta, nnm., eighty, 
 oculus, -i, w., eye. (Cf. 6(T(re, 
 the two eyes ; 6<T<xofiaL, 
 I see.) 
 ol'fero, obtfili, oblatum, 3 
 V. a.jl otter, present. 
 
 oflficlum, -ii, v., service, work, 
 
 duty. (For opificium, opus, 
 
 f iicio. ) 
 olea, -ae,/., olive tree. (Aa/a.) 
 oleagineus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 
 the olive. (Olea.) 
 oleum, -i, n , olive oil. (HXaiov.) 
 omitto, -mlsi, -missum, 3 r. a., 
 
 I neglect, (ob, mitto, I let 
 
 go) 
 omnis, -e, adj., all. 
 
 opera, -ae,/., work. (Cf. /'»pus ) 
 opimus, -a, -um, adj., rich, fat, 
 
 choice. 
 opinio, -onis, /., opinion, sup- 
 position, (oplnor.) 
 opperior, -perltus and -pertus, 
 4 r. dcp., I wait for. (Cf. 
 experior and peritus, from 
 obsolete perior.) 
 oppidum, -i, n., town, 
 op pleo, -evi, -etum, 2 v. a., I 
 
 fill up. 
 opprimo, -essi, -essum, 3r. a., 
 I press against, oppress, 
 crush, (pro mo.) 
 [ops], 6pis, / , nom. sing, not 
 used, power, wealth, help. 
 (Cf. 6pulentus.) 
 optimus, -a, -um, superlative 
 
 of b6nus. (Cf. ops.) 
 opto, 1 V. a., I wish for. 
 (Root op, pick out : cf. 
 b^'OfJiai.) 
 optulit (or obtiilit), fr. oflf^ro. 
 oraciilum, -i, »., oracle, (oro.) 
 oratio, -onis,/., speech, (oro.) 
 Orestes, -is or -i, Orestes. 
 
 COp^crrr/s.) . 
 
 orlor, ortus, 4 v. dfp. , 1 arise. 
 Sol oriens, sunrise. (Cf.«pvv/u. ) 
 
 omatus, -us, ??i., attire, (orno.) 
 orno, 1 V. a. , 1 adorn. 
 
 LATIK-ESGLISn VOCABULARY. 123 
 
 1 i 
 
 oro, 1 V. a., I pray for, beg. (os.) 
 
 orthius, -a, -um, adj., high. 
 Carmen orthium, vbixo^ 6pdios: 
 cf. note XXXV. 21. 
 
 ortus, -us, m., rising. (6rior.) 
 solis ortu, at sunrise. 
 
 08, oris, n., mouth, face. 
 
 6s, ossis, n., bone. {d(TTiov.) 
 
 Osce, adv., in Oscan. 
 
 ostendo, -di, -sum and -turn, 3 
 V. a., I show, (obs-tendo.) 
 
 ostento, 1 V. a., I show ; fre(i. 
 form fr. ostendo. 
 
 etiosus, -a, -um, adj., unoccu- 
 pied, free, quiet, (otium. ) 
 
 p. for Publius, -ii, 7n., Publius. 
 pabiilum, -i, n., food, (pasco.) 
 paciscor, -i, pactus, 3 v. dep., 
 
 a. and »., I agree, bargain. 
 
 (Cf. pax, pactum.) 
 pactum, -i, n., agreement, 
 
 manner, (piciscor.) 
 palam, adv., openly. 
 Palatium, -ii, ??., the Palatine 
 
 hill. 
 palma, -ae,/, palm, 
 palmes, -Itis, m., vine-shoot. 
 
 (palma.) 
 palus, -udis,/., marsh. {irrjXds, 
 
 mud.) , / 1 
 
 pango, ]}(^v^iih pactum (also 
 
 panxi and pegi, panctum), 
 
 3 V. a., I settle. (Cf. pax.) 
 Papirius, -ii, m., Papirius. 
 par, pAris, adj., eciual. 
 parco, pOperci, rarely parsi, 
 
 parcltum and parsum, 3 
 
 r. n., with dat., 1 spare, 
 parens, -entis, c, parent. 
 
 (pario.) 
 pareo, 2 r. n., with dative, 
 
 I obey. 
 
 p&rio, pOperi, pantum and par- 
 tum, 3 V. a., I beget, pro- 
 duce. 
 
 pars, partis,/, part, side. 
 
 partus, -us, m., birth, off'sprmg. 
 
 (pario.) 
 parum,,.ar/r., too little. (Cf. 
 
 parvu's.) 
 parvus, -a, -um, adj., small. 
 
 (rf. paucus.) 
 pastus, -us, m., food, pasture. 
 
 (pasco. )^ 
 pater, patris, 7n., father. 
 (Trarrip, root pa : cf. 
 pasco. ) 
 patior, passus, 3 v. dep., i 
 suflfer, allow. Aegre passus, 
 displeased, 
 paucus, -a, -um, adj., few. 
 (Root pau : cf. iraOpos, 
 paulus.) 
 paulatlm, adv., by degrees, 
 
 gradually, (paulus, little. ) 
 pave-facio, -feci, -factum, 3 
 
 V. a.,l terrify. (piWeo.) 
 pax, pacis, /, peace. (Root 
 pac, make firm : cf . paciscor, 
 pango, irriyvvfxi.) 
 pectus, -oris, n., breast : 
 
 mind, 
 pecunia, -ae, f., money. (pScus, 
 cattle being the original 
 standard of value.) 
 pedester, -tris, -tre, adj., on 
 foot ; in plur. assubst., foot- 
 soldiers, (pes.) 
 Pelasgus, -a, -um, adj., Pelas- 
 
 gian. 
 Peloponnensiacus, -a, -um, adj.t 
 
 Peloponnesian. 
 
 penitus, adv., deeply, thor- 
 oughly. 
 
 per, prep. gov. ace, througn. 
 
124 LATIX-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 
 
 percallesco, -lui, no sup., 3 v. 
 a,, I am well versed in, know 
 well. (Inceptive form from 
 per-calleo : cf. calUdus.) 
 percontor, 1 v. <^/f^/)., I enquire, 
 percrebesco (orpercrebresco), 
 bui (or brui), no sup., 3 v. n., 
 I spread abroa*!. (creber.) 
 per-cutio, cussi, cussum, 3r. «., 
 I strike, securi percutio, I 
 behead, (quatio.) 
 per do, -didi, -ditum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 lose, 
 peren-die, adv., on the day 
 after to-morrow. {ir^pav, 
 dies. ) 
 pereo, -ii or -Ivi, -itum, 4 i'. n. , 
 
 I pass away, die. 
 per fodio, -fodi, -fossum, 3 r. a. , 
 I dig through, pierce through. 
 Perlander, -dri. m., Periander. 
 Pericles, -is or -i, m., Pericles, 
 periculum, -i, n., danger, 
 peritus, -a, -um, adj., skilled. 
 (Tart. fr. obsolete perior : 
 cf. op'perior.) 
 per-metior, -ensus, 4 v. dep. a., 
 I measure through, travel 
 over, 
 per mitto, mlsi, missum, 3 t'.a., 
 
 I suffer, allow. 
 per'mSveo, -movi, -motum, 2 v. 
 a., I move thoroughly, rouse, 
 disturb, 
 permutatlo, -onis,/., exchange. 
 
 (per'muto. ) 
 
 per-muto, 1 v. a., I exchange. 
 
 perpetior, pessus, 3 v. dep. n. 
 and a., I suffer, endure, 
 (p&tior.) 
 
 per'suadeo, -suasi, suiisum, 2 
 V. a., I convince, per- 
 suade. 
 
 per taedet, -taesum est, 2 r. n., 
 impersonal ; it thoroughly 
 wearies. (Ace. of person 
 affected, and gen. of thing or 
 person causing the weari- 
 ness.) 
 
 per'venio, -veni, -veutum, 4 v. 
 n. , I arrive at. 
 
 pes, pedis, ni., foot. (Cf. ttoDs, 
 Tro56?. ) 
 
 pestilentia, ae, /., plague. 
 
 (pestis. ) 
 
 Petillus, -ii, m., Pctilius. 
 
 peto, -ivi or -ii, -Itum, 3 r. 
 a., I seek, ask for. (Lit., to 
 fall upon : cf. tt^tttw. ) 
 
 petulantia, -ae, /., impudence. 
 (Obsolete p6talo : of. pt^to.) 
 
 phalerae, -arum,/., plur. only, 
 ornaments for chests and 
 foreheads of horses. ((pdXapa. ) 
 
 Philemon (or Philemo), -onis, 
 ;h., Philemon. ("InX-qixuv.) 
 
 philosophuB, -i, m., philo- 
 sopher. {<f>l\6(T04>Oi. ) 
 
 Phrygla, -ae,/., Phrygia. 
 
 piget, piguit and plgltum est, 
 2 v. IK (rarely used person- 
 ally), it troubles, displeases. 
 
 pinna, or penna, -ae, /., 
 feather. (Koot pet: cf. ri- 
 To/xai, I fly.) 
 
 Piraeus, -i, the Piraeus, port of 
 Athens. 
 
 pius, -a,-um, a'//., dutiful, kind. 
 
 placeo, 2 V. n., I am pleasing; 
 often used impersonally, 
 placet mihi, it pleases me, 
 seems good to me, is my 
 opinion ; of the senate, it is 
 resolved, detennined. 
 
 pl&clde, adv., gently, quietly, 
 (placldus, placeo.) 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 125 
 
 plane, adv., clearly, plamly. 
 
 (planus, level.) 
 plebs, plebis (or plebes, -ei 
 
 and -is), /., the common 
 
 peoi)le. 
 plerusque, -aque, -unique, 
 
 adj., very many, most. 
 
 (plerus : cf. plenus, root pie, 
 
 fill.) 
 plumo, 1 V. a. and »., I cover, 
 or am covered with, feathers, 
 am fledged, (pluma.) 
 plus, pluns, adj., more : com- 
 parative of multus. 
 Plutarchus, -i, m., Plutarch, 
 pociilum, -i, n., cup, goblet. 
 
 (Cf. potus, a draught.) 
 Poenicus, -a, -um, adj. Cf. 
 
 i'oeiiua. 
 Poenus, -a, -um, Punic, Car- 
 thaginian. Cf. ix. 8 note, 
 poena, -ae, /., punishment, 
 penalty. {TroLvq, puuio, 
 
 poeniteo. ) 
 Polus, -i, in., Polus. 
 Pomptinus, -a, -um, adj., 
 Pomptinu, i.e. near Pometia, 
 in Latium, 
 p5mum, -i, n., fruit or apple, 
 pondo, adv., in or by weight. 
 
 (pondus. ) 
 pondus, -Cris, n., weight. 
 
 (pendo, I hangup.) 
 pono, posui, jx>sltum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I place. 
 pons, pontis, m. , bridge, (prop, 
 a path, Trdros, German Pfad, 
 esp. across a river : cf. Pon- 
 tifex.) 
 Pontus, -i, m., district in Asia 
 
 Minor. 
 populuB, -i, 7W., people, 
 porgere. Cf. porrigo. 
 
 porrigo, -rexi, -rectum, 3 v. a., 
 I stretch out. (Several con- 
 tracted forms, porgere, 
 porge, porgite, etc.) (pro, 
 rego.) 
 posco, poposci, no sup., o V. a., 
 
 I demand, 
 possies, old pres. suhj. of pos- 
 
 suiu, for possis. 
 possum, potui, posse, y. 
 n., I am able. (pOtis, 
 sum.) 
 post, adv., and prep. gov. acc.^ 
 
 afterwards, after, 
 postea, at/<'., afterwards, (post, 
 
 ea, from is.) 
 posterior, -us, comparative fr. 
 
 posterus. 
 posterns, -a, -um, adj., coming 
 after ; as subst., descendant, 
 (post, conip. posterior, sup. 
 postremus. ) 
 post hac, adv. , after this, hence- 
 forth, 
 postliminium, -ii, n., return 
 to rank and privileges. 
 Cf. note xl. 13. (post, 
 limen, usual derivation.) 
 postquam, conj., after that, 
 postremus, -a, -um, last; super- 
 lative from posterus. ad 
 postremum, at last. 
 postridie, adv., on the next 
 
 day. (posterus, dies.) 
 postiilatio, -onis, /., demand. 
 
 (postillo. ) 
 postiilatum, -i, n., demand. 
 
 (postulo.) 
 postulo, 1 V. a., I demand. 
 
 (posco.) 
 potior, 4 V. dtp. , I obtain pos- 
 session of ; with gen. and abl. 
 (potis, able.) 
 
■'l 
 
 126 
 
 LATLV-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 LATIK-EXGLISH VOCABULARY. 
 
 127 
 
 potius, adv., rather ; only used ' 
 
 in comparative pOtius, and 
 
 superl. pOtissime. (fr. p6tis, 
 
 -8, «(/;., potior, putissimus.) 
 
 praebeo, 2 r. a., I otier. give. 
 
 praeceps, -Ipltis, adj., head- 
 
 tirst, headlong. {prae,ci\piit. ) 
 
 praecido, -cldi, -clsum, 3 y. a., 
 
 Icutotf. (caedo.) 
 praecipio, -cepi, -ceptum, ,5 v. 
 a., 1 take beforehand, 1 in- 
 struct. (ci\pio.) 
 praeclanis, -a, -uni, a'^., 
 
 famous. 
 praeda, -ae,/., booty, spoil, 
 praedico, 1 r. a., 1 proclaim, 
 
 declare publicly, 
 praedium, -ii, n., farm, estate 
 praefectus, -1, m., a man placed 
 
 over, overseer, prefect, (prae, 
 
 facio.) , 
 
 praefor, 1 v- dep., I say be- 
 forehand. 
 
 prae-iulgeo, -si, no sup., I v. 
 71., I glitter. 
 
 praemium, -ii, »., reward. 
 
 praemoneo, 2 r. a., I forewarn, 
 admonish beforehand. 
 
 praesens, -entis, adj., present, 
 (praesum.) 
 
 praeses, -ulis, adj., protect- 
 ing ; as subd., ruler, (prae, 
 
 sedeo.) , ... 
 
 prae •8to,-lti, -Hum (rarely -avi, 
 
 -atum), 1 I'. II- a"^^ ^*' ^ ''™ 
 
 superior, I surpass, 
 praeter, prep. iiov. «^^-. be- 
 
 sides, except. (prae, and 
 
 suffix ter.) 
 praeteritus, -a, -um, 2>f^^ tr. 
 
 praetereo, past, 
 praetereo, -ii or -ivi Itum, 4 
 
 r. 71. and a., I pass by. 
 
 praetextatua, -a, -urn, adj., 
 wearing the toga praetexta. 
 pretiose. adv., expensively, 
 splendidly. (pretiOsus : ct. 
 prctium.) 
 pretium, -ii, n., price, 
 primum, arfi\, at first. Ubi, or 
 
 cnm, primum, as soon as. 
 primus, -a -um, adj., first, 
 siiptrl. ; no positive ; comp. 
 prior. (Cp. priscus.) 
 principium. -ii, n., beginning. 
 
 (princeps.) 
 prior, -us, adj., former, comp.; 
 
 (Cf. primus.) . 
 
 priUB, a</t'., before, (pnoj-) 
 priusquam, conj., before that. 
 pro, prep. ijov. all., before, tor, 
 
 in ]>roportion to. 
 pr5 cedo, -cessi, -cessum, 3 v. 
 n., I advance. . • , i. 
 
 proceritas, -atis, /., height. 
 
 procerus.) 
 procerus, -a, -um, adj., tail. 
 
 (procello.) 
 proconsularis, -e, adj., procon- 
 sular, acting instead of a 
 
 consul. 
 
 procul, adv., absolutely, or 
 
 1 with ahl., with or without 
 
 ' ♦ ab ' ; at a distance, far from. 
 
 "Dubio procul, without doubt. 
 
 procure, 1 v. a. and n., I take 
 
 care of. 
 prod-eo, ii, -Uum, -ire, 4 v. «., 
 1 come forward, (pro, eo.) 
 pro -do, -duli, -dltum, 3 v. a., 
 I give forth, report, relate ; 
 I betray. 
 proeUum, -ii, »-, battle. 
 pr5fero, -tub, -latum, '^ v. a., 
 1 bring forth, 1 prolong. 
 
 w 
 
 proficiscor, -fectus, 3 v. dep. 
 n., 1 set out. (pro, 
 fftcio.) 
 profundus, -a, -um, adj., deep; 
 as suhxt., profundum, -1 («c. 
 mare), deep sea. 
 progredlor, -essus, 3 v. dep. 
 
 »., I advance, (gnldior.) 
 prolnde, adv., just so, just as. 
 proiicio, or proicio, -leci, 
 -iectum, 3 v. a., I throw for- 
 ward , thrust forward. (lAcio. ) 
 prSmltto, -misi, -missum, 3 r. 
 a., I send forth ; I say be- 
 forehand, promise. 
 promSveo, -mOvi, -mOtum, 2 
 V. a., 1 move forward, cause 
 to a(lvance. 
 promptus, -us, ?»., readiness, 
 in promptu esse^ to be at 
 liand, ready, (promo, I take 
 forth.) ^ , . 
 
 prdnuntlo, 1 v. a., I proclaim, 
 
 announce, 
 prope, adv., and jn-rp. gov. ace, 
 near, almost: pr5pe, prupius, 
 proxime. i 
 
 propero, 1 v. a. and n., 1 
 
 hasten. (propOrus, (juick.) 
 propinquus, -a, -um, near, 
 neighbouring; as .s«/m7., a 
 neiuhbour. (pr6pe.) 
 propter, pren. (/or. ace, on ac- 
 count of. ' (for propiter, fr. 
 
 pr('»pe. ) . 
 
 propter ea, adv., on account oi 
 
 those things, therefore, 
 pro pugro, 1 r. n., I fight in 
 
 front of, fight for, defend, 
 proriplo, -ripui, -reptum, 3 v. 
 
 n., 1 drag forth; se pro- 
 
 ri] ere, to rush forth, take 
 
 refuge in. 
 
 (iflpio.) 
 
 prorsuB, adv. , forward, directly. 
 
 (pro, versus.) 
 prdsequor, -cutus, 3 v. dep. a., 
 
 I follow, 
 prospectus, -us, w., view, (pro- 
 
 spicio.) 
 prospere, adv., successtully. 
 (prospCrus, from prospe, an- 
 swering to hope. ) 
 pro -sum, -fui, prodesse, v. ??., 1 
 
 am of use to. 
 Protagoras, -ae, m., Prota- 
 goras. 
 pro-tendo, -di, -sum and -turn, 
 
 3 r. a., I stretch forth, 
 prdtinus, adv., forthwith. 
 
 (t^nus, prep., as far as.) 
 proveho, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., 1 
 carry forward ; in pa.ss. , I 
 po forward, 1 sail, etc. 
 providens, -entis, part, of pro- 
 video, careful, 
 pro -video, -vidi, -visum, 2 v. n. 
 and a., I foresee, lam care- 
 ful. , . 
 provincia, -ae, /., sphere ot 
 
 duty, province. ,, . ,, 
 
 provoco, 1 V. a., I call forth, 
 
 challenge. 
 proxime, ct/r., and prep, with 
 , ace, very near: super, fr. 
 
 prope. . 
 
 proximus, -a, -um, adj., very 
 
 near : [propis obsolete], 
 
 pr5pior, proximus. (Cf. 
 
 prOpe. ) , . , 
 
 prudens, -entis, adj., foresee- 
 ing, discreet. (For pro'vi- 
 
 dens.) , 
 
 publico, adv., in behalf of the 
 
 stiite. 
 pudor, -oris, m., shame, 
 modesty. (pCldeo. ) 
 
128 
 
 LA TIN'ENGLISH VOCA B ULA R Y. 
 
 LATI^-ENGLISH VOCABULAUY. 129 
 
 puer, -6ri, w., boy. t 
 
 pugna, -ae, / , battle, contest. 
 (Root pug, strike : cf. pugil, | 
 pucno.) , . 
 
 publO,l^^.«..^fio'^^*• (P"g^f ^ 
 piilchritudo, -Inis, /., beauty. 
 
 (pulcher.) . 
 
 pullus, -i, ?«., young animal or 
 
 bird, 
 punio, -Ivi or ii, Itum, 4 r. a., 
 
 I punish, (poena.) 
 puppis, -is, /., stern, poop of 
 
 ship. , , 
 
 purgo, \v. a.,l make clean, 
 
 clear, (purus, Ago.) 
 puto, 1 r. a., Ithmk. (Lit.,l 
 
 trim, arrange, and so reckon 
 
 think ; root, pu, cleanse : ct. 
 
 purus. ) 
 pyrrhus, -i, m., Pyrrhus. 
 
 quadraginta, num., forty. 
 
 auaero, -slvi or sii, sltum, ^ 
 V. a., I seek, inquire for, ask 
 
 quaeso, -ivi or -ii, no sup, 6 
 
 ^ ,. a., I seek, beg. Used 
 parenthetically, ' pray. . 
 
 quaestus, -us, m., gam, busi- 
 ness, (quaero.) 
 
 quaUs, -e, wij. pron of what 
 kind; talis ... qiialis, such... 
 as. (quis. ) 
 quam, conj. and adv., than, as. 
 
 (qui.) , . 1 
 
 quamobrem, m/r. , reZa/t«'^and 
 
 Interroif., wherefore, 
 quamquam, co>y. , although, 
 quantus, -a, -um, adj., how 
 
 great, as great, (quam.) 
 quasi, adv., as if, 3^^* as. 
 
 (quamsi.) 
 quattuordecim (or quatuor- 
 
 dccim), numer., fourteen. 
 
 -quS, enrlltic conj., and. 
 
 queo, -ivi and -ii. -itum, -ire, 
 
 4 V. n., I am able, 
 quercus, -us, / , oak. 
 qui, quae, quod, rd. pron., 
 iudef. adj. pron. and inter, 
 adj. pron., who, what, 
 quia, co«j., because. (For qui- 
 am, qui-iam, whereby now.) 
 quidam, quaedam, quoddam 
 (and quiddam, mhsL ), iniOJ. 
 pron., a certain one. 
 quidem, adv., indeed, 
 quies, -Ctis, /., rest, 
 quiesco, -evi, -etum, 3 v. n., l 
 rest, (quies.) , ^ ^, . 
 
 quin, conj., that not, but that, 
 but indeed, rather; inttrroy., 
 why not? (qui, ne.) ^ 
 quin-decimvlr, .i,aquindecim- 
 vir, one of the college of lo 
 men who had charge of the 
 Sibylline books. 
 quinque, nuiner., five, 
 qulnquies, adv., tive times, 
 quis, quid, inter, pron., who? 
 
 which ? 
 quis, tiua, quid, mdef. pron., 
 
 any. 
 qui8nam,(iui<lnam, inter, pron. , 
 
 who, wliich, what pray? 
 whoever ? 
 quispiam, iiuaepiam, .q»o(l- 
 piam (and subst., quidpiam 
 or quippiam), ind<'/. pron., 
 
 any, some, 
 quia que, quaeque, quod'|ue 
 (and snlst., (luidciue or (luic- 
 que), indef. pron., each, 
 
 every, 
 quis quam, quaequam, qmc- 
 ([uam or (^uidciuam, indrf. 
 pron., anyone. 
 
 quo, adv. and coy., for which 
 reason, in order that, so 
 that. (qui. ) 
 
 quod, CO »y., because, that, (qui.) 
 
 quoniam, adv. , since, because, 
 (quom for cum, iam.) 
 
 quoque, conj., also. 
 
 radix, -Icis, /., root. (Cf. 
 lumus, branch ; pt^ct, root.) 
 rapidus, -a, -um, adj., swift. 
 
 ( nlpio. ) 
 ratio, -onis,/., reason, account. 
 
 (reor. ) 
 recede, -cessi- -cessum, 3 i'. n., 
 
 I fall back, withdraw, 
 recipio, -cepi, -ceptum, 3j". a., 
 I take back, receive. (c;\pio.) 
 recito, 1 V. a., I read out, 
 
 repeat, 
 recondo, -dldi, -dltunj, 3 v. a., 
 
 I put back, hide, 
 recordatio, -onis, /., recollec- 
 tion, (recordor : cf. cor.) 
 re'cumbo, -cfibui, 3 v. n., I lie 
 
 down again, 
 recupero, 1 v. a., I recover. 
 
 (capio.) 
 recurve, no perf., -atum, 1 
 
 V. a. , I bend back, 
 red do, -dldi, -ditum, 3 r. a., I 
 give back, render, imi)art, 
 restore, (re, do.) 
 redeo, -Ivi or -ii, -Itum, -ire, 
 
 4 V. n., I go back, 
 reditus, -us, m., return, (redeo.) 
 refero, rOtuli (and rettilli), 
 relatum, 3 v. a., I bring 
 back, return, turn back, 
 attribute, 
 refugio, -fugi, no sup., 3 v. n. 
 and a. , I flee back, flee away, 
 escape. 
 
 regnum, -i, n., kingdom, (rex.) 
 rego, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I rule, 
 
 direct, (rex.) 
 regredior, -gressus, 3 v. dep. 
 
 It., I return, (grildior.) 
 reicit, for reiicit. 
 reiicio, or re icio, -i€ci, -iec- 
 tum, 3 V. a., I throw back, 
 postpone, (iilcio. ) 
 reiicus. Cf. reliquus. 
 rlligio, -onis, /., religious 
 
 scruple, obligation, 
 relinquo, -llqui, -lictum, 3r. a., 
 
 ^ I leave behind, 
 reliquiae, -arum, pi. only, 
 
 remains. (r6liquus. ) 
 reliquus (or reiicus), -a, -um, 
 adj., remaining, (relinquo.) 
 remedium, -ii, «., remedy, cure. 
 
 (re, mc'deor.) 
 remotus, -a, -um, part, from 
 
 removeo, retired, distant, 
 removeo, -movi, motum, 2 
 V. a., I move back, with- 
 draw, 
 reor, ratus, 2 v. dep. a., I 
 
 believe, think, 
 repente, adv., suddenly. 
 
 (ripens, sudden.) 
 repeto, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 3 
 V. a. , I seek again. Memoria 
 repeto, I call to mind, 
 re-quiro, -sivi or -sii, -situm, 
 3 V. a., I seek again, seek for. 
 (quaero.) 
 res, rei,/., thing, deed, 
 rescindo, -scldi, -scissum, 3 
 
 r. a., 1 tear open, 
 rescriho, -psi, -ptum, 3 v. a., 
 
 I write back, 
 re spondee, -di, -sum, 2 r. ??., 
 I reply. (Lit., I promise in 
 return.) 
 I 
 
130 LATIX-EXGLISII VOCABULAHY. 
 
 "1 
 
 1 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 131 
 
 respuWica, reipublicae, /., 
 
 state. 
 resurgo, -surrexi, -surrectum, 
 
 3 V. n. , I rise again, 
 re-tmeo, -ui, -tentum, 2 v. a., 
 I hold back, keep. (tt^neo.) 
 reiis, -i, w., defendant in an 
 
 action, culprit, (res.) 
 revello, -velli, -vulsum and 
 -volsum, 3 I'.a., I pull away, 
 pull out. 
 re-verto, -ti, -sum, 3 v. n., 1 
 
 turn back, return, 
 reverter, -versus, 3 v. dep. w., 
 
 I turn back, return, 
 revlncio, -nxi, -nctura, 4 v. a., 
 
 I bind back, fasten, 
 re-volo, no perf. or sup., are, 
 
 1 V. 71., I fly back. 
 rex, regis, m., king. (rCgo.) 
 rhetor, -6ris, m., teacher of 
 oratory, rhetorician, {prrruip- ) 
 rideo, -si, -sum, 2 v. n. and a., 
 
 I laugh, laugh at, mock, 
 rima, -ae,/., crack, cleft, 
 rite, adv., duly, fitly, (ntus, 
 
 religious observance.) 
 rogo, I V. a., I ask for, ask. 
 Roma, -ae,/., Rome. 
 Romanus, -a, -um, a(//.,rvomau. 
 rostrum, -i, «., beak, prow. 
 
 (rOdo, I gnaw.) 
 rtibus, -i, rn.y bramble, (rilber, 
 
 red.) 
 rudis, -e, adj., rough, 
 nirsum and rursus, adr., 
 again. (For revorsum, from 
 re-verto.) 
 nisticus, -a, -um, adj., of the 
 country, rural, rustic, (rus.) 
 
 /., 
 
 sEcrarium, -ii, n., shrine, sac- 
 risty. (Sclcer, sacred.) 
 
 aaepe, adv., often. (Obsolete 
 
 adj. saepis, frequent.) 
 saepe numero, adv., often, 
 saevio, -ii, -itum, 4 v. w., I 
 
 rage, am fierce, (saevus. ) 
 salum, -i, «., the open sea. 
 
 ((TdXoS.) 
 
 ealus, -litis, /., safety. {U, 
 
 salvus.) 
 salvus, -a, -um, adj., safe. 
 Samnis, -Itis, adj., Samnite. 
 sanguinolentus, a, -um, blood- 
 stained, (sanguis. ) 
 sanies (-em, -e, no genitive nor 
 plural), /., corrupted blood, 
 matter, (sanguis.) 
 sapiens, -entis, adj.y wise. 
 
 (s.\pio.) 
 satira, or satura, -ae, 
 
 satire, 
 satis, adv., sufficiently, 
 scateo, no perf. or sup., 
 2 r. n., I bubble, flow forth ; 
 bubble over with : w ith abl. 
 Bdo, -ivi, -Itum, 4 v. a., I know. 
 Sclpio, -onis, m., Scipio. 
 scite, adr., cleverly, skdfully. 
 
 (scio.) 
 scopulus, -i,Tn.,rock. {(rKdireXos.) 
 scriho, -psi, -ptum, 3 v. a., I 
 
 write, (ypdcpuj, schreibcn.) 
 scrlptor, -oris, ?«., writer, 
 
 author, (scrlbo.) 
 
 scutum, -i, n., shield. ((TkOtos.) 
 
 se, and sese, f/eii. sui, rejlex. 
 
 pron., himself, herself, itself. 
 
 secessus, -us, m., withdrawal. 
 
 (se-cC'do.) 
 secum, for cum se, with him- 
 self, etc. 
 secundum, prep. gov. ace, fol- 
 lowing after, according to. 
 (s^quor. ) 
 
 -ere, 
 
 secundus, -a, -um, adj., fol- 
 lowing, second, favourable, 
 (sequor.) 
 
 securis, -is, /., axe. securi 
 percutio, I behead, (seco. ) 
 
 securus, -a, -um, adj., free from 
 care, (se, =sine, cura.) 
 
 sed, conj., but. sed eniin, but 
 indeed. 
 
 sedeo, sedi, sessum, 2 v. n., I 
 sit. (sedes, insldiae.) 
 
 seges, -etis,/., cornfield. 
 
 seUbra, -ae, /., half pound, 
 (semi, libra.) 
 
 sementls, -is, /., seed, crop, 
 (semen.) 
 
 se met, strengthened form of se. 
 
 semper, adv., always. (C'f. 
 sOmel.) 
 
 senator, -oris, m., Senator. 
 
 (senex.) 
 
 senatus, -us, m., Senate. 
 
 senatus consultum, -i, n., de- 
 cree of Senate. 
 
 sensim, adv., slowly, (sentio, 
 lit., perceptil)ly.) 
 
 sententia, -ae,/., way of think- 
 ing, opinion, decision, (sen- 
 tio.) 
 
 sentio, -si- -sum, 4 v. a., I per- 
 ceive, judge, decide. 
 
 sentis, -is, in., rarely/'., thorn. 
 
 seorsum, a^y. , separately, (se, 
 verto. ) 
 
 separo, 1 r. a., I separate. 
 (jKlro.) 
 
 septem, numer., seven. (Cf. 
 
 eTTTtt. ) 
 
 sepulcrum, -i, n., tomb. 
 
 (srpC-lio. ) 
 
 sermo, -onis, ?»., speech. (sCro.) 
 Sertorius, -ii, r??., Sertorius. 
 servo, 1 V, a., I preserve. 
 
 servus, -i, m., slave, 
 sestertium, -ii, »., a thousand 
 
 sestertii. Cf. note vi. 4. 
 severe,a(Zr. ,austerely,severely. 
 sex, humcr., six. 
 sexaginta, niuner., sixty, 
 si, ronj., if. 
 
 Sibyllinus, -a, -um, adj., of the 
 Sibyl, Sibylline. (Sibylla.) 
 sic, adv.. so, thus. ut...sic, 
 
 correfatives, as ... so. 
 Sicanl, -orum, vi., the Sicani. 
 sicco, 1 V. a., I dry. (siccus, 
 
 dry.) 
 Sicilia, -ae, /., Sicily, 
 sic'iit, adv., just as, so as. 
 significo, 1 v. a., I show, make 
 
 known, signify, beckon. 
 
 (signum, filcio.) 
 signum, -i, n., sign, emblem, 
 silentium, -ii, n. , silence, (sileo. ) 
 sUvestris,-e, at//., woody, (silva.) 
 simiil, adv., at once, at same 
 
 time, 
 simiilacrum, -i, n., image, re- 
 presentation, appearance. 
 
 (slmllis, simulo. ) 
 simulo, 1 V. a., I pretend. 
 
 (similis.) 
 sin, roiij., but if. (si, ne.) 
 sine, prep. tjov. all, without, 
 sino, sivi, situm, 3 v. a., I set 
 
 down ; I allow, 
 sinus, -us, ?n., folds of garment, 
 
 bosom, 
 slsto, stlti, statum, 3 v. a. and 
 
 «., I cause to stand, I stand. 
 
 Se sistere, to present oneself, 
 
 appear, (sto, itrrTj/xt.) 
 situs, -a, -um, jiaj-t. from sluo, 
 
 situated, 
 sive (or seu), conj., or if. Sive 
 
 ... sive, whether ... or. 
 
132 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAUY. 
 
 LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAHY. 
 
 135 
 
 sobrius, -a, -"n^' ^ '' ''""^ 
 
 drunk, sober, ."^"^^^^^^^'.^^g 
 Socrates, -is or -i,w., Socrates. 
 
 BOl, solis, w., sun. „^iip«. 
 
 saiemnis (or solennis or 80 en 
 
 nis), -e.«<0.,ammal,.UtM^^ 
 customary, solemn. (soUus, 
 whole, cf. 6\os.) 
 soleo, -itus, 2 r. 7,., I am ac 
 customed. „v;iip,l • 
 
 soUers, -ertis, fl^//-, skiUe I . 
 Mithgen. (sollus, whole ) , 
 
 sollus, whole.) ! 
 
 80lvo,-lvi, -lutum,3r fl.,Ire 
 
 lease, set loose, (se luo.) 
 
 somnium, -ii, h-, ^^"-e^^"^- ^'^'" 
 mis, Ott.o..) ^^^^^ 
 
 Bonorus, -a, -um, ""7-» 
 
 (sonus. ) i • ^ 'iio. 
 
 SopHocles, is and -1, r>... ^^ 
 
 Sp' for Spurius, -i, m Spunus 
 Bpargo, -si, -sum, 3 i. «-, 
 
 sprinkle, strew. 
 B^pculor -atus, 1 v. «''/'• »•! ^ 
 '"^spy out, reconnoitre, (sp^cio, 
 
 spJcula, watch tower ) 
 specto, 1 r. a. 1 gaze at. (In 
 
 tens, formof spt;cio.) 
 Bpecus -us,»^,cave^ ^^^^^ 
 spes, -ei,^., nope, v f; •.• 
 
 splendor, -^V«' /^''x "^^ 
 cence. (splendeo, I sh ne.) 
 
 Bp6lium,-ii,'^,sp«il, booty, 
 
 8?atlm,af/r.,inunediately. sto. 
 
 status, -us, ..., PO-^- i^t: 
 stlrps, stirpis, y., rareiy 
 
 stem, root. 
 8to,stoti,st\tum, stare, n.»^. 
 
 1 stand. (iVTTjAti.) 
 Bt6lo,-ouis,m.. sucker of tiet. 
 
 BtrenuuB, -a, -um, adj.. active 
 energetic. (Cf. arepe6s, hard.) 
 
 Btruo. xi, -ctum, 3 v. a., I 
 build up. J 
 
 studeo, -111, no sup., 2 ».«•,! 
 
 less -, I amaze, (stapco.) 
 ,„^deo, .si, -sum. ^ .. - -d 
 
 « 1 persuade. (Cf. suavis.; 
 BUb;'prei>. i/or. ace. and aW., 
 
 under. o „ « 
 
 Bub-do, -dldi, -ditum. Sua., 
 I I place under. 
 BublatisBimuB, .v«/..r/. of sub- 
 
 latus, from toUo, very h gh 
 Buboles, -is, /., «boot. (sub, 
 6lesco, grow.) , 
 
 Bubverto, -ti, -sum, 3 t. a., i 
 
 overthrow. „ 
 
 Buccedo, -cessi, -cessum, ^ v. 
 n I go under, go from under 
 
 ascend, advance, (sub, cede.) 
 
 Buffraglum, -ii, «- ^'O^^* 
 
 Sulla, -ae, 7»., ^"^^'^- .r" „, 
 8um,fui,esse, y. n..Iam 
 summus,-a,-um,a(0.,b^gl;est, 
 
 .,tp.W. fr. supt^rus,sin>eUoi, 
 
 sfipremus or summus. 
 
 and all., above, over, on, 
 
 about. uride 
 
 superbia, -ae, /, P^^^^^' 
 
 su^;C^^a!-um,«^., proud, 
 
 ,^^;:^:^ur^:I;l, higher, 
 
 TrVne; ; .omp. fr. snperus, 
 ^;"r^;,sni)r'nusorsummus 
 
 Bupero, 1 V. a., I overcome. 
 
 supeStes! -itis, a>lj., surviving. 
 8upplicluin,-ii,H., punishment. 
 
 ^"^^''''alh' from below, 
 sursum, o'c.-, ii""» 
 
 (sub-versum.) 
 8UU8,-a,-um,n'/'X'.«f.;.P>'on., 
 
 his own, her osvn its own 
 synanche, -es, J., {<Tvyayxv\ a 
 sore throat. 
 
 T., for Titus, -b »^»" J^*"^\pf i 
 tabema, -ae, J-, s^op. (Cf. 
 
 tAbula, plank.) 
 tabulatum, -b ^'^ "°"'^- 
 
 (tAbnla, plank.) 1 
 
 taceo, 2 t'. »• and a. I am 
 
 silent, pass over m ^^ ^nce 
 tacitus, -a, -um, Z'^'-./ ^Z" 
 
 tacco, not spoken of, sdent^ 
 taedium, -ii, «m wearmess. 
 
 Taen"i^!-b"..a-^'l^''^^-^^"^ 
 1, ,.. and/.,Taenarum and 
 
 Taenarus. , ^ , ^r 
 
 talentum, ■i,^'.,tak"t[sumo 
 
 money,£24315s.).(TaXa.ro.) 
 
 talis, -e,m(/., of such a kind, 
 
 such. 
 
 tarn, rt^'''-» so- I 
 
 tamen, adr., hoNvever. 
 
 tarn quam adv., ]x\&t as, as it, 
 
 as it were, 
 tandem, a</''., at last. 
 
 tantus, -a, -um, a^O;>s«J;'^^^^^ 
 TarquiniuB, -ii, 'w.. lanimn. 
 telum, i., W-. ^^art. 
 temperantla, -ae, /-^ "'«*^^^^- 
 tion, temperance. (tempOro, 
 
 tempus.) ,. 
 
 tempestivuB, -a, -um, adj., 
 seasonable, ripe, (tempus.) 
 
 templum, -i, »., temple, 
 tempus, -oris, n., time, 
 teneo, tonui, tentum, Z v. «., 
 I hold, keep. Cursum teneo, 
 1 hold on a course, 
 tenuis, -e, adj., drawn out, 
 
 thin, slender, (teneo.) 
 terra, ae, land, country, 
 terreo. 2 r. rr.,1 alarm, {rp^^-) 
 terrificus, -a, -um, alarnung, 
 
 terrible, (terreo, facio ) 
 tertius, -a, -um, adj., thmi. 
 
 testis',' -is, c, witness, (testor.) 
 
 TliracuB,-a, -um,ofO., ihracian. 
 
 Tib., for TlbC'iius, -u, »i., Ti- 
 berius. 
 
 tibia, -ae,./:, pipe, flute. 
 
 tibicen, -mis, >«., flute-playei. 
 (For tibnccn, ir. tibia, 
 
 ci^no. ) 
 Timocbares, -is and -i, »"•. 
 
 Timochares. 
 toga, -ae,/., a garment, a toga. 
 
 (tego.) .- 
 
 tollo, sustnli, sublatum, .? '". «-. 
 
 I raise. (Cf. tuli, tolcro.) 
 TorquatuB, -i, w., Torquatus. 
 torques (and torquis) -is, ni. 
 and / , twisted necklace or 
 ' collar, (tonpico.) 
 terreo, torrui, tostum, I «'• a., 
 1 roast. ,, 
 
 totus, -a, -um, adj., an, 
 
 whole. . -.1 i. 4. 
 
 tracto, 1 r.n., I handle treat, 
 
 polish. (Intens. of tr^ho.) 
 trido, -dldi, -dltum, 3 v. a., 1 
 hand over, give up, hand 
 ' down, relate, (trans, do.) 
 trans curro, -curri and -cu- 
 I cuni, -cursum, 3 i'. n., I run 
 past, I pass. 
 
13 i 
 
 j^ATlN-ENGimi VOCABULAUr. 
 
 lATIN-ENGLISll VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 -^n r.ffi -acUnn, 3v.«-» 
 transigo, -\h'' i^ x pierce. 
 1 drive through, i f 
 
 transillo, -ly ; ^ ^^j^p across, 
 4 r. a. ami »., »^ L\\q \ 
 7 «nvpr (trans, siMio. ) 
 leap over, v _^^^^^ „j,^., 
 
 tremitoundus, -a, ,^^^^ ^ 
 
 full of tremblmg. ) ^^,^. 
 
 trepidans, -a"*^^' ^'"' 
 
 pido, trembling. ^^^^te 
 
 «»;:;«:■ or aUn«. (C. 
 
 tres,tria, »»'nn-.,tluec. VP 
 '^^^'^■^ • ra tribnne, 
 
 trtbua.) . snaccof three 
 
 tnduum, ■>, «^. Xs, «r. sp»- 
 
 days. Vtres, 
 
 ^^""^•^ •; « soace of three 
 years, (tres, o. 
 
 ^''3"':\,„ a -um,arf/.,thre« 
 n'oTnT^'bUth. \tres,gern. 
 
 ""''^'Vn I r. 7K and a., I 
 
 ^1^^"- i^rf — b, 
 
 turn, nr/r., them ^.^^^^.^.^nce 
 tumultus, -us,w.,u 
 
 ^^^"^^T) then (tum-ce.) 
 rSk'a'' uF-^'^^^'^'- 
 ^^^PJ^' -^ 7 turret, tower 
 turris, -^^^J-\y^, (tutus.) 
 tute,a./r,saf«y-/'\ watch, 
 tutor, 1 V. dep. a., 
 defend, (tueor.) 
 
 -.a .a -urn, cidj.. safe, 
 tutua, -a, 
 
 (tucor.) . .1 (tu.) 
 
 tuus, -a, -urn, adj.. thy. V 
 
 ;• ^;ch, fertile. 
 ^''J^here-hen. Ubi primum, 
 
 ^.here, »"y*»';,f • „„ (For 
 (,„«U,B, aenun of >m«s^j^^^^_ 
 
 ultimuB.-a, -»";"/• 'obsolete ; 
 T:;UrM « tttV, ultimus. 
 
 "^^^ront-own^--^- ^^'- 
 ultimus.) 
 
 unde vlcesimus, -a, 
 
 ,,,ueteentAi. ^^ ^^ ^^ 
 
 undique, "'''•' "„_n 
 
 ,,^es. .(-»^; -'^S or talon, 
 unguis, -IB, m., "^^^ 
 
 ^^"-'^'^ ;, solely, especially. 
 
 (unions, unus. ^^ ^ ^^ 
 
 ^^tgS. '(-- -^•^'" 
 
 any time, ever, 
 unus, -a, -urn, »Hm.n^^^ 
 urhanus, -a. -wni^ " ./ 
 
 city, (urbs.) ^ ^^.^ 
 
 urbicuB, -a -um, adj.. 
 
 city. («^-^«:) 
 urbs, -is,/. » city. ^,,,j.,I 
 
 urgeo, ursi »« ;^^^i^;ra upon, 
 press on, press 
 
 urge. 
 
 urna,-ae, /.,urn. (Properly 
 a vessel of burnt clay ; uro, 
 I bum.) ,., 
 
 ursinus, -a, -urn, adj., like a 
 bear, (ursus.) , „ •„ 
 
 usquam, ada., J^nywhere, m 
 anything. (For ubs'quam, 
 fromflbi.) , 
 
 usque, m/r., all the way, al- 
 ways. Us(iue adeo, to such 
 an extent. (For ubs'que, 
 
 from ubi.) 
 usus, -us, m., use, advantage. 
 
 ut^'utt'lith mfZic, as, when; 
 iit ..sic, corre/a^nvs as... so; 
 with siihj., in order that, so 
 
 that. ^ «. 
 
 uterque, utr^que, iltrumque, 
 
 adj. 7>ro7i., both, each. 
 utilis,-e.aJj.,useul. u or ) 
 utor, iisus, 3 v. dep., 1 use, 
 
 with abl. , - ,, ^,. 
 
 ^trum, interroij. adr., whethci. 
 
 (liter.) 
 uxor, -Oris,/., wife. 
 
 vadimonium, -ii, «-,l>ail- (v^^^, 
 a surety.) . 
 
 vador, lv.(/ep. «»I^>"^^^^'^' 
 by bail. (vAs.) 
 
 valeo, 2 v. "., I am strong, 1 
 am of value. In leave 
 taking, viilo, etc., farewell. 
 
 Valerius, -ii, w., Valerius. 
 
 validus, -a, -um, adj., strong. 
 
 (vi\leo.) , X ■ f 
 
 valitudo (orvaletiido), -inis,/., 
 
 health. (v;\leo.) 
 vallum, -i, n., a rampart witli 
 
 palisades, (vallus, a stake.) 
 varius, -a, -um, adj., diverse, 
 
 ditVerent. 
 
 vastus, -a, um, adj., empty, 
 
 immense. 
 _ve, (uditlc, or. ,. , „ 
 
 vecto, 1 V. a., I carry, {mtens. 
 
 of vtiho.) ^ 
 
 veho, -xi, -ctum, 3 v- a., i 
 
 veloxI^-Ocis, adj., swift. (Cf. 
 
 v6lo, -are, I tly.), . 
 
 velut,veruti,a(ir.,]ustas,asir. 
 
 venatio, -onis, /, bunting. 
 
 (veiior.) -r 
 
 vendo, -dldi. -dltum, 3 r. «-, 1 
 
 sell, (venum, do.) 
 venenum, -i, v., poison, 
 venia, -ae, /, pardon Bona 
 
 venia, by your kind leave, 
 venio, vCni, ventum, 4 r. ii., i 
 
 come. 
 
 venor, Ir. rf''2>- «.. I"""*-. . 
 venum, -i,»'., sale. In classical 
 
 writers only in ace. smg. 
 ventito, 1 V. n., I e«me fre- 
 uuently. (Intens. ofvtMuo.) 
 verher, -fris, n., scourge, blow, 
 verhum, -i, n., word. 
 Vergilius, -ii, ?«., Vergil, 
 vero, adv., in truth, but in- 
 deed, (verus.) 
 versus, -us, m., a line, verse, 
 (verto.) , . , , 
 
 vertex, -Icis, m., whirlpool, 
 
 top, head, (verto.) 
 verto,-ti, -sum,3r.fi.,Iturn; 
 
 in paf<s. also with abl., i 
 
 turn upon, depend upon, 
 verus, -a, -um., adj., true, 
 vester, -tra, -irmu, i^ss. proiUy 
 
 your, (vos.) . 
 
 vestigium, -ii, »., footprmt, so e 
 
 of foot, (vestlgo, i track ) 
 vestio,4r.a.,Iclothe. (vestis, 
 
 garment.) 
 
13G LATlX-ENGLmil VoCABULAIlW 
 
 vetus, -6ns, adj., old. 
 
 via, -ae, /. , roa«l, way. 
 
 vibro, 1 V. a. and /;., I brandish, 
 I shake. 
 
 vicies, ndr., twenty times. 
 
 vicinus, -a, -nm, wlj., neigh- 
 bouring; as .s«W., a neigh- 
 bour, (vicus, hamlet.) 
 
 Victoria, -ae, /., victory, 
 (victor, vinco.) 
 
 victus, -us, m., food, way of i 
 life, (vivo.) I 
 
 video, vuli, visum, 2 v. a., I 
 see ; in />«>>!., 1 setin. Imper- 
 sonally, videtur mihi, it 
 seems good to me. 
 
 viginti, nnmrr.y twenty. 
 
 vigor, oris, r/i., force, strength, 
 (vigeo, I nourish.) 
 
 vincio, -nxi, -nctum, 4 v. a., I 
 
 bind, 
 vinco, vici, victum, 3 v. «., I 
 
 vindico, 1 ''. n., I avenge. 
 
 (vim-dico, lassertauthority. ) 
 vinum, -i, n., vine, wine, {olvos. ) 
 violens, -entis, adj., impetuous. 
 
 (vis.) 
 vir, viri, m., man, husband, 
 virgultum, -i, ».,twig. (For vir- 
 
 guletum, fr. virgula, dcmin. 
 
 of viri;a, branch, twig.) 
 
 virtils, -utis, /., valour. 
 
 (vir.) 
 vis (vim, vi, woijeu. stug., pnir. 
 vires, etc.), /., strength, 
 force, (is.) 
 vise, -si ,-sum, 3 r. o., I behold. 
 
 (Intens. of video.) 
 vita, -ae,/., life, (vivo.) 
 vitlB, -is,/., vine, 
 vivo, -xi, -ctum, 3 v. n., I 
 
 live, 
 voce, 1 r. f^, I call, (vox.) 
 volgus (or vulgus), -i, it., 
 rarely wj., common people; 
 in a/>/., volgo, as odr., com- 
 monly. 
 vole, -ui, no sup., velle, 3 r. 
 rt., I wish for. (,>uid hoc sibi 
 vult, what does this mean, 
 vole, 1 r. ?)., I fly. 
 voluntarius, -a, -um, adj., vo- 
 luntary, (volo, I wish.) 
 vos, j'lnr. of tu, you. 
 vox, vocis, /., voice, expres- 
 sion. (vi'K'O. ) 
 vulgus and vulgo. Cf. yolgus. 
 vulnus, or volnus, -Oris, n., 
 wound. (Cf. vello, I tear.) 
 vultus, -us, wi., countenance. 
 
 Xanthippe, -cs, /., Xanthippe. 
 
 I [ZauUiTnrr}.) 
 
 ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. 
 
 For dctaif.<< about Lafiii vords turn to the Lathi- Eiujlish 
 
 Vocabulary, 
 
 abandon, dcsino. 
 
 able, I am, possum. 
 
 about, de. 
 
 accompany (home), proscquor. 
 
 accomplishment, disciplina. 
 
 account, ratio. 
 
 account, on account of, propter. 
 
 acquit, absolvo. 
 
 act, ago. 
 
 actor, histrio, actor. 
 
 adjourn, profero, ditrero. 
 
 administer (justice), dico (jus). 
 
 advance, incedo, procedo. jirod- 
 
 eo, progredior. 
 advanced (in age), grandis 
 
 (iiatu). 
 advantageous to, e, ex. 
 advise, monco. 
 after, post. 
 
 afterwards, postea, posthac. 
 again, deiiuo, itetum. 
 against, adversus, adversum, 
 
 in. 
 age, natus. 
 agree, oonvenio. 
 alarm, in, trcpidans. 
 all, omnis. 
 
 1 
 
 allowed, it is, licet. 
 
 almost, fere, proi)e. 
 
 alone, solus. 
 
 alum, alumen. 
 
 ambassador, legatus. 
 
 amusing, hilaris, iucundus. 
 
 and, et, atque, -que. 
 
 animal, bestia, feia. 
 
 announce, ])raedico. 
 
 another, alius. 
 
 anxious, cupidus. 
 
 appear, videor. 
 
 appearance, aspcctus. 
 
 apple-tree, pommn. 
 
 approve, itrobo. 
 
 arms, arma. 
 
 army, exercitus. 
 
 arouse, excito. 
 
 arrest, adprehendo. 
 
 as, ut, velut. 
 
 as if, as though, quasi. 
 
 ask, interrogo, rogo ; peto, oro. 
 
 ask for, peto, oro. 
 
 ascribe, acceptum refero. 
 
 assembly, contio. 
 
 assist, adiuvo. 
 
 astound, stupefacio. 
 
 37 
 
138 ENGLWI-LATIN VOCABULARY. 
 
 ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY, 139 
 
 at, in. 
 
 athletics, ars atliletica. 
 
 attack, oppugno, pngno in, 
 
 incurro. 
 attendant, aeditumus. 
 attract attention, converto 
 
 oculos, aniniiuii. 
 author, scriptor. 
 
 back, in the, aversus. 
 bad-tempered, morosus. 
 bail, viuiiiaonium 
 barbarian, l)arl)ariis. 
 bark, latro. 
 
 bxttle, piigna, proeliura. 
 bear (>•.), fero. 
 bear-like, ursiniis. 
 beauty, pulchritude, 
 because, quod, 
 beckon, signitico. 
 before, ante, coram, 
 begin, coepi. 
 behead, securi percutio. 
 believe, credo, 
 bend, tiecto. 
 besiege, obsideo. 
 betake, adfero. 
 bird, avis, 
 blaze, tlagro. 
 block, insula, 
 blood-stained, crucntus. 
 blow, verber. 
 blush, erubesco. 
 bodily, (jniifire o/cor[»u3. 
 body, corpus, 
 boldly, intrepidus. 
 bone, OS. 
 book, liber, 
 both, uterque. 
 both ... and, et ... et. 
 boy, puer. 
 
 brand (with mark of infamy), 
 adticio. 
 
 brave, fortis, strcnuus. 
 brazen, aencus. 
 break, infringo. 
 bribery, ambitus, 
 bridge, pons, 
 bring, fero. 
 bring in, introduce, 
 brother, fratcr. 
 build, struo, condo, congero. 
 burn, ardeo, deuro. 
 but, sed, at. 
 buy, emo, mercor. 
 by no means, nequaquam, haud- 
 quafpiam. 
 
 call, appello, voco. 
 
 called, nomine. 
 
 camp, castra. 
 
 can, possum. 
 
 carry, fero, vecto. 
 
 carry back, re fero. 
 
 carry to, asporto. 
 
 case, causa, res. 
 
 cause, (v.), cmo iri/hyerunilhw 
 
 cautious, cautus. 
 
 cavalry, equitatus. 
 
 cave, specus. 
 
 cease, omitto. 
 
 censor, censor. 
 
 centre, media pars. 
 
 certain, a {imlr/.), (luidam. 
 
 certainly, procul dubio. 
 
 challenge, provoco. 
 
 chance, by, forte. 
 
 chariot, eurrus. 
 
 charm, demulceo. 
 
 choose, deligo, cligo. 
 
 citizen, civis. 
 
 city, urbs. 
 
 city, in the {adj), urbanus, 
 
 urbicus. 
 clever, astutus. 
 collect, compare. 
 
 come, venio. 
 come to, pcrvenio. 
 comedy, comoedia. 
 command, impcrium. 
 command (army), rego. 
 conceal, celo. 
 
 condemn, condemn©, danmo. 
 confidence, conlidentia. 
 congratulation, grain latio. 
 conquer, viiico, supero. 
 consider, habee ; I am con- 
 sidered, videor, liabeor. 
 conspiracy, coniuratio. 
 consult, consulo, consulto. 
 contest, certamen. 
 control, impero. 
 conversation, senno. 
 converse with, coUoquor. 
 cook, torreo. 
 corn, sementes. 
 correct, corrigo. 
 country {adj.), rustieus. 
 courage, animus, 
 course, cnrsus. 
 cowardice, ignavia. 
 credulity, credulitas. 
 crop, seges. 
 crowd, turba, cater va. 
 crown (.s.), corona, 
 crown (?'.), corone. 
 cry, eonclame. 
 custom, mos. 
 cut off, decide, praecido. 
 
 daily, (piotidianus. 
 
 dare, audee. 
 
 dart, telum. 
 
 daughter, filia. 
 
 dawn, prima lux. 
 
 day, dies. 
 
 death, mors, exitus e vita; (con- 
 demn to) death, capitis 
 (damno.) 
 
 deceive, fallo. 
 
 deed, facinus, factum. 
 
 defeat, vinco, supero. 
 
 defend, defendo. 
 
 defendant, reus. 
 
 demand (.s. ), postulatum, postu- 
 
 latio. 
 demand {v.), posco. 
 depart. <ligredior. 
 depend on, vertor in. 
 desert (>.), locus descrtus. 
 desert (r.), descisco ab. 
 desire, opto. 
 despise, contemno. 
 difficulty, of (rtf/y'.), diificilis. 
 direct, dirigo. 
 discover, detego. 
 dissipate, digero. 
 distance, at a, procul. 
 distant, longus. 
 divine, divinus. 
 do, facie. 
 doe, cerva. 
 dog, canis. 
 dolphin, delphin. 
 dominion, dicio. 
 draw up, instruo. 
 dreadful, inmanis. 
 dream, somnium. 
 dress, indue, 
 drink, haurio. 
 
 drive, cogo; (from home), exigo. 
 duty, ollicium. 
 dying, moribundus. 
 
 each, quisque. 
 ear, auri.«. 
 easily, faciliter. 
 educate, educe, 
 eight, octo. 
 eighty, octoginta. 
 elephant, elephantus. 
 emblem, signum. 
 
no 
 
 ENGLlsn-LA TIN VOCA B ULA li Y. 
 
 embrace, amplector. 
 endeavour, conor. 
 enemy, hostis, inimious. 
 energetic, acer. 
 enormous, ingcns, vastus, 
 enough, satis, 
 enter, introeo, ascendo in. 
 equal, par. 
 except, nisi, praeter. 
 exchange, permutatio. 
 exile, exilium. 
 expression, vox. 
 extraordinary, egiegius. 
 eye, oculus. 
 
 fable, fabula. 
 
 facing, adversum, a«l versus. 
 
 fall down, concido. 
 
 famous, praeclarus, funi\ ce- 
 
 lebri. 
 farm, fundus. 
 
 father, ]viter, paterfamilias, 
 favourable, mollis. 
 fear, metus. 
 feature, lineamentum. 
 field, ager. 
 fight, pugno. 
 figure, simulacrum, 
 find, invonio. 
 fine, pecunia. 
 finger, digitus, 
 fire, ignis, incendium. 
 first, primus, 
 first at, pnmum. 
 fit, aptus. 
 five, ciuinque. 
 five times, (luiiuiuies. 
 fiight, fuga. 
 flower, Hos. 
 flute, tibiae. 
 flute-player, tibicen. 
 
 fly, volo. 
 
 foliage, comae. 
 
 follow, prostquor. 
 
 fond, cupidus. 
 
 food, cibus, victus, pabulum. 
 
 foot, pes. 
 
 for, enim, nam. 
 
 forbid, interdico. 
 
 forces, copiae. 
 
 foretell, praedico. 
 
 form, coid'ormo, tingo. 
 
 formerly, an tea. 
 
 fortify, munio. 
 
 free, libero. . 
 
 friend, amicus, familians. 
 
 frighten, consterno. 
 
 from, e, ex : a, ab. 
 
 from all sides, undKiuc. 
 
 front. In, atlversus. 
 
 fruitful, ftlix, fccundns, uber. 
 
 full speed, at, citato cursu. 
 
 gain, adipiscor, mihi obvenit. 
 gain possession of, potior, 
 general, imperator. 
 gift, praemium, donum. 
 give, do, re«ldo. 
 give account of, rationem reddo. 
 give advice, praecipio, moneo. 
 give bail, vadimonium dare, 
 
 i)r<>niittere. 
 give tlianks, gratias ago. 
 
 give vote, sententiam fero. 
 
 glitter, mice. 
 
 go, CO, cedo. 
 
 god, dens. 
 
 gold («'(/.), aureus. 
 
 good, bonus. 
 
 good for, I am, valeo. 
 
 grass, gramen. 
 
 great, magnus. 
 
 greedy, avarus. 
 
 grieve, doleo. 
 
 groan, gemitus edo. 
 
 ENGLISH- LA TIN VOCA B ULA 11 Y. 1 -1 1 
 
 ground, locus. 
 
 grow, nascor. 
 
 guard, custodio. 
 
 guard, I am on my, caveo. 
 
 half, dimidium. 
 
 hand, manus. 
 
 hand to, trado, 
 
 happen, tio, accido. 
 
 harmless, sine noxA. 
 
 harsh, asper. 
 
 harvest, messis. 
 
 haste, make, propero. 
 
 haughtily, per superbiam. 
 
 have, habeo. 
 
 head, cai)ut. 
 
 hear, audio. 
 
 health, valetudo. 
 
 heart, cor. 
 
 heaven, by, divinitus. 
 
 height, proceries, magnitudo. 
 
 help (v.), auxilium. 
 
 help (r.), adjuvo. 
 
 herself, ii)sa, se. 
 
 hide, reccmdo, delitesco. 
 
 high, many stories, niultis 
 
 tabulatis editus. 
 his, suus, ejus, 
 hold on, teneo. 
 hollow, caverna. 
 home, domus. 
 honour, honor ; in honour of, 
 
 ob honorem. 
 honourable, honestus. 
 hope, spes. 
 horse, equus. 
 host, hospes. 
 house, aedes. 
 how, (juomodo. 
 hundred, centum, 
 hunt, venatio. 
 
 Ignorant, imperitus. 
 
 Immediately, statim. 
 immense, inmensus. 
 impertinence, petulantia. 
 important, ma gnus. 
 In, in. 
 
 In honour of, ob honorem. 
 infamy, ignominia. 
 inflamed-throat, synanche. 
 inhabit, incolo, colo. 
 inroad, incursio. 
 insult, contumelia afHcio. 
 interpreter, interpres. 
 invent, comminiscor. 
 
 Jeer at, eludo, iurideo. 
 judge, index, 
 justice, ius. 
 
 keep, retineo. 
 
 kill, occido, interficio. 
 
 king, rex. 
 
 know, scio, percallesco. 
 
 labour, labor, 
 lack, desum. 
 lame, debilis. 
 land, terra, 
 language, lingua, 
 large, magnus, ingcns. 
 large sum of, grandis. 
 lark, cassita. 
 laugh at, derideo. 
 laurel (.s. ), laurus. 
 laurel [adj.), laureus. 
 
 law, lex. 
 
 law-suit, lis. 
 
 leader, dux. 
 
 leaf, frons. 
 
 leave, relinquo. 
 
 leg, crus. 
 
 lend, dare ... mutuum. 
 
 lick, lambo, demulceo. 
 
 lie, mendacium. 
 
U2 ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY. 
 
 lies, teU, mentior. 
 
 life, vita, caput. 
 
 lifeless, ex an«;« is. 
 
 like, move {with adj. or yen.). 
 
 line (of battle), acics. 
 
 linger, demoror. 
 
 lion, leo. 
 
 live, vivo. 
 
 loiterer, cessator. 
 
 long while, for a, diu. 
 
 loose, let, emitto. 
 
 lose, aiiutto. 
 
 loud, sublatus, magnus. 
 
 love, aiiio. 
 
 luxuriant, lactus. 
 lyre, fides. 
 
 mad, I am, deliro. 
 magnificence, splendor, 
 maintain, retineo, contendo, 
 make, facio, reddo. 
 make haste, propero. 
 man, homo, 
 manoeuvre, converto. 
 many, nuiltus. 
 many sorts of, varms. 
 mark, nota. 
 
 marriage, matrimonium. 
 married to, I am, nubu. 
 marsh, palus. 
 marvellous, iniraudus. 
 master, domiuus, ma-ister. 
 matron, materfauuhas. 
 
 matter, res. • 1 1 ^^ 
 
 mean, what does this, quid hoc 
 
 sibi vult. ,. 
 
 medicine, medicina, res medi- 
 
 ciua. 
 meet, obviam fio. 
 mid-day, (.s), ^ies meduis. 
 mid-day, (adj), mendianus. 
 middle, meilius. 
 military, udlitans. 
 
 mimic hunt, pugna venationis. 
 modern, praesens. 
 money, pecunia. 
 mother, mater, 
 motionless, immobilis. 
 mount, iuscendo. 
 
 mourn for, lugco. . 
 
 mourning, habitus lugubns. 
 
 mouth, OS. 
 
 much, multus, grandis. 
 
 much, as much as, tantus ... 
 (^uantus. 
 
 must, necesse est. 
 
 my, mens. 
 
 myself, ego ipse. 
 
 name, nomen, cognomen, 
 nation, gens, 
 natural position, natura. 
 near, ])rope. 
 necessary, necesse. 
 neck. coUum. 
 neck-lace, torquis. 
 neglect, neglige 
 
 neighbour, vicinus. 
 
 neighbouring, pro.xnuus. 
 
 nest, nidus. 
 
 never, uun(iuam, nus(iuam. 
 
 next, posterus. ^ 
 
 next day, postiidie. 
 I night, nox. 
 ' nine, novem. 
 
 no one, nemo, nuUus. 
 
 not, non, baud. 
 
 number, luuuerus. 
 
 ENGLISH- LA TIN VOCA B ULA 11 Y. 
 
 143 
 
 oak, (piercus. 
 oath, iubiurandum. 
 obey, pareo. 
 offer, otVero. 
 offspring, fetus, 
 often, saepe. 
 Old, antitiuus, vetus. 
 
 old days, in, antiquitua. 
 
 old-fashioned, priscua. 
 
 old woman, anus. 
 
 olive, oltuni. 
 
 on, in, super. 
 
 one, unus. 
 
 one day, (luodam die. 
 
 only, niodo. 
 
 opinion, 1 am of, censeo. 
 
 oppose, loquor contra. 
 
 oracle, oracuhun. 
 
 order, jubeo, impero. 
 
 order that, in, ut, quo. 
 
 other, alius. 
 
 others, the, ceteri. 
 
 ought, debeo, or gerundive. 
 
 out of, e, ex. 
 
 own, his, suus. 
 
 owner, dominus. 
 
 palm, palma. 
 
 pardon, poena solvo. 
 
 pass (sentence), fero (sent* u- 
 
 tiam). 
 pay, do, Bolvo. 
 peace, pax. 
 
 people, populus, vulgus. 
 perch on, insisto. 
 perfect, integer, 
 perform, facio. 
 perish, pereo. 
 persuade, persuadeo. 
 philosopher, philosophus. 
 pierce, perfodio. 
 pitiable, miserandus. 
 place, («.), locus, 
 place (hope), habeo (spem). 
 place in, condo. 
 place on, inipono, pono. 
 plague, pestilentia. 
 plain, campus, 
 plan, consilium, 
 plant, consero, 
 
 play, cauo. 
 
 plead, verba facere. 
 
 poison, veneuum. 
 
 polish, tracto. 
 
 position, natural, natura. 
 
 possession, take, potior. 
 
 praise, laus. 
 
 pray, obsecro, oro. 
 
 present, done, oti'ero. 
 
 pretend, simulo. 
 
 prevent, to, ut ne, ne. 
 
 price, pretium. 
 
 prisoner, captivus. 
 
 produce, pario, edo, profero. 
 
 promise, proniitto. 
 
 proof, argumentum. 
 
 property, praedium. 
 
 propose, censeo. 
 
 provided with, copiosus. 
 
 prune, amputo. 
 
 publicly, publice. 
 
 pull out, revello. 
 
 pull up, revello. 
 
 punish, vindico, punio, multo. 
 
 pupil, auditor. 
 
 quarrelsome, litigiosus. 
 
 ravage, depopulor. 
 raven, corvus. 
 read, rccito. 
 reap, meto. 
 receive, accipio, fero. 
 recover, recupero. 
 refuse, nolo, 
 rejoicing (s'.), laetitia. 
 rejoicing {adj.), laetus. 
 relate, narro, trado. 
 relation, cognatus. 
 remain, maneo. 
 remaining, ieli(iuu3. 
 remains, reliquiae, 
 remarkable, eximius. 
 remedy, remedium, 
 
144 ENGLmi-LATlX VOCABULAUY. 
 
 ENGLISr[J..1 TIX roc J B ULABY, 
 
 145 
 
 reply, respondeo. 
 reproach, obiicio. 
 restore, reddo. 
 return, retleo. 
 returns (.«.)» reditus. 
 reward, pracniium. 
 rise, exurgo, resiirgo. 
 road, via, 
 roaring, fremitus. 
 room, cubiculum. 
 rough, rudis, 
 
 safe, aalvus, incolumis, 
 
 safety, salus. 
 
 sailor, nauta, 
 
 same, idem. 
 
 save, servo. 
 
 say, dice, narro. 
 
 scorn, aspenior. 
 
 sea, mate. 
 
 search for, (juaerG, requiro. 
 
 seated on, insidens, 
 
 secret, dandestinus, tacitus. 
 
 secretly, taoite. 
 
 see, video. 
 
 sell, vendo. 
 
 senate, senatus. 
 
 senate-house, curia. 
 
 senator, senator. 
 
 send, ndtto. 
 
 send for, arcesso. 
 
 sentence, sententia. 
 
 separate, separo. 
 
 shake, vibro. 
 
 shame, pudor. 
 
 shapeless, informis. 
 
 shield, scutum. 
 
 shine, praefulgco, 
 
 ship, 11 avis. 
 
 shoulder, humerus. 
 
 shout, clamor. 
 
 show, ostendo. 
 
 shut in, includo. 
 
 shut up, claudo. 
 sickle, falx. 
 siege, obsideo. 
 sigh, murmura edo. 
 sight, aspt'ctu.^. 
 sight, in my, me inspcctante 
 silent. I am, taceo. 
 silently, tiicite. 
 silver [adj.), argenteu?". 
 sing, cai)0. 
 sister, sorer. 
 Bit, sedeo. 
 situated, situs, 
 six, sex. 
 size, corpus, 
 skill, ara, disciplina. 
 skilled, peritus, snilers. 
 slave, servus. 
 slay, transim). 
 sleep, quiesro. 
 small, parvus, 
 smear, lino, 
 so, ita, ita(|ue. 
 soldier, miles. 
 son, tilius. 
 song, carmen, 
 soon, mox. 
 spare, parco. 
 
 speak, lo<iu(»r, dico, ennntio. 
 spear, telum. 
 
 speed, at full, citato cuisu. 
 speed, celeritas. 
 spoil, praeda. 
 spring into, tiansilio. 
 spring dawn, dcsibo. 
 stand, sto. 
 stand forth, ex to. 
 stand still, consisto. 
 state, respublica. 
 stem, lignum, 
 stern, pu])pis. 
 
 story, tabulatnm (of housr) ; 
 apologus (tale). 
 
 strength, vis. 
 
 strengthen, firmo. 
 
 stretch out, protendo. 
 
 strike, percutio. 
 
 strong, validus, violeiitns. 
 
 success, with, pro-spere. 
 
 such, talis, ejusmodi. 
 
 sucker, suboks. 
 
 suddenly, repente. 
 
 suffer from, patior. 
 
 summon, areesso. 
 
 sunrise, lucis ortus, sol orieiis. 
 
 supply, eopia. 
 
 surpass, i)raest<). 
 
 surround, oingo. 
 
 sword, gladius. 
 
 tail, oauda. 
 
 take, capio, fero. 
 
 take from, detraho. 
 
 take to flight, in fugam me 
 prorlpio. 
 
 take possession of, potior. 
 
 take refuge in, concedo in. 
 
 tale, fabula. 
 
 talent, talentum. 
 
 talk with, colUMjUor. 
 
 teach, docco. 
 
 tear, lanio. 
 
 tear in pieces, dilacero, di- 
 sc indo. 
 
 tear open, rescindo, divello. 
 
 tell, dico, narro, cnuiitio. • 
 
 tell lies, mentior. 
 
 temple, templum. 
 
 ten, decern. 
 
 term, condicio. 
 
 terrible, terrificus. 
 
 terrified, territus. 
 
 thank, grates ago, gratias ago. 
 
 thanks, grates, gratiae. 
 
 that, ille, is. 
 
 their, suns, eorum, illonim. 
 
 therefore, itaque. 
 
 thing, res. 
 ■ think, puto. 
 j third, tertius. 
 I this, hie. 
 
 thorn, stirps. 
 
 though, cum. 
 
 three, trcs. 
 
 three years, triennium. 
 
 through, per. 
 
 throw, iacio, coniicio. 
 
 throw away, abiicio. 
 
 throw down, everto. 
 
 thus, ita, sic. 
 
 time, tempus. 
 
 time, at the, in praesens. 
 
 tomb, se))ulorum. 
 
 to-morrow, eras. 
 
 towards, ad. 
 
 tower, turris. 
 
 town, oppidum. 
 
 trappings, insignia. 
 
 treachery, insidiae. 
 
 tree, arbor. 
 
 tribune, tribunus. 
 
 triumph (x.), triumphus. 
 
 triumph (r ), triumpho. 
 
 trust in, confido. 
 
 try, experior, cognosco. 
 
 turn to or on, refero. 
 
 turret, turris. 
 
 twenty, \ iginti. 
 
 twenty-times, vicies. 
 
 twig, virgultum. 
 
 two, duo. 
 
 uncle, patruus. 
 understand, intellego. 
 undertake, recipio. 
 unfinished, inperfectus. 
 unfledged, involucris. 
 unsettled, iniudicatus. 
 unusual, novus. 
 
 K 
 
146 
 
 ENGLISII-LATIN VOCABULARY. 
 
 unwlUlng, I am, nolo. 
 
 urn, urna. 
 
 use, utor, expromo. 
 
 useful, utilis, maguo usu and 
 
 magno usui. 
 
 vain, in, frustra. 
 
 vast, iuiieiis. 
 
 verdict, I give a, pronuiitio. 
 
 verse, versus. 
 
 very, aduKHlurn. 
 
 victory, victoria. 
 
 vigour, vigor. 
 
 vine, vinum. 
 
 voice, vox, 
 
 voluntary, voliintanus. 
 
 vote, seuteiitia. 
 
 wag, moveo. 
 war, bellum. 
 
 warn, uioueo, praemoneo. 
 warrior, bellator. 
 wavering, ambiguus. 
 weary, lam, of tHis, pertaedet 
 me huius. 
 
 weep, lacriino. 
 
 weep for, coiuploro. 
 
 weiglit, poiulus. 
 
 well -loved, amatus. 
 
 what, ([uis. 
 
 whatever, (luicumque. 
 
 when, ul>i, cum. 
 whenever, ubicumque, cum. 
 
 which, qui. 
 
 white, albus. 
 
 who, (luis, qui. 
 
 whoever, (juicumque. 
 
 whole, totus. 
 
 why, cur. 
 
 wife, uxor. 
 
 wild-beast, fera, bestia. 
 
 wUd-beast, of a, (ar/j)., ferinua. 
 
 willingly, libenter. 
 
 win, vinco. 
 
 win over, comparo. 
 
 with, cum. 
 
 wise, sapiens. 
 
 wish, volo. 
 
 woman, mulier. 
 
 woman, old, anus. 
 
 wonder at, miror, admiror, de- 
 
 nnror. 
 wonderful, mirus, 
 
 niiriticus. 
 wooden, ligneus. 
 word, verbum. 
 worthy, dignus. 
 wound (8.), vuluus. 
 wound (r.), haurio. 
 write, scribo. 
 writer, scriptor. 
 
 you, tu, vos. 
 
 young man, adulescens. 
 
 young ones, pulli. 
 
 mirandus, 
 
 ORDER OF THE -STORIES" COMPARED 
 
 WITH THE ROOKS OF THE 
 
 *'NOCTES ATTICAE." 
 
 SELECTION 
 
 
 N 
 
 OCTICS ATTICAE. 
 
 SKLECTIoX 
 
 . 
 
 NOCTES ATTICAE. 
 
 1. 
 
 , 
 
 xvii. 10 
 
 21. 
 
 
 ix. 13 
 
 2. 
 
 
 
 xvii. 4 
 
 22. 
 
 
 
 ix. 13 
 
 3. 
 
 
 
 xiii. 6 
 
 23. 
 
 
 
 ix. 11 
 
 4. 
 
 
 
 i. 17 
 
 24. 
 
 
 
 11.29 
 
 5. 
 
 
 
 ii. 1 
 
 25. 
 
 
 
 ii. 29 
 
 6. 
 
 
 
 v. 2 
 
 20. 
 
 
 
 11. 29 
 
 1 • 
 
 
 
 XV. 17 
 
 27. 
 
 
 
 iii. 8 
 
 8. 
 
 
 
 i. 14 
 
 28. 
 
 
 
 v. 14 
 
 1). 
 
 
 
 V. 5 
 
 29. 
 
 
 
 V. 14 
 
 10. 
 
 
 
 XV. 10 
 
 30. 
 
 
 
 V. 14 
 
 11. 
 
 
 
 i. 23 
 
 31. 
 
 
 
 . vl. (vil. ) 5 
 
 12. 
 
 
 
 i. 23 
 
 32. 
 
 
 
 xi. 9 
 
 13. 
 
 
 
 XV. 22 
 
 33. 
 
 
 
 xii. 12 
 
 14. 
 
 
 
 XV. 22 
 
 34. 
 
 
 
 XV. 1 
 
 15. 
 
 
 
 i. 19 
 
 35. 
 
 
 
 xvl. 19 
 
 IG. 
 
 
 
 iv. 18 
 
 36. 
 
 
 
 xvl. 19 
 
 17. 
 
 
 
 iv. 18 
 
 37. 
 
 
 
 xlx. 12 
 
 18. 
 
 
 
 . vi. (vii.) 1 
 
 38. 
 
 • 
 
 
 xvii. 16 
 
 19. 
 
 
 
 i. 3 
 
 39. 
 
 • 
 
 
 v. 10 
 
 20. 
 
 
 
 i. 10 
 
 40. 
 
 * 
 
 
 . vi. (vii.) 18 
 
 14: 
 
INDEX. 
 
 149 
 
 INDEX TO THK MOST IMPORT AXT NOTES. 
 
 The Roman frptrc^ fjhr the number of the s.kvtiou, (he Arabic 
 naaroi the number of the line in the selection. 
 
 PJ 
 
 abhlnc mult'm nnnis, xx. 10. 
 ablative abaolnft', v. t). 
 accept urn refrrrc, xvii. 13. 
 accusative p'ural of 3rd declen- 
 sion in -is, ix. 2. 
 acerbusy v. 5. 
 adfiues, xxvi. 5. 
 adirjere aliquem iusiurandinn, 
 
 xl. 6. 
 adjective for English substan- 
 tive and preposition, x. 1 
 (Milo Crotoniensis) ; xl. 1 
 (proeliuni Cannense). 
 advocare, xxxii. 2. 
 aedeM, xvi. 17. 
 aerarium, xvii. 10. 
 Aesopu.^, x\iv. 1. 
 ar/er Pompfinus, xxiii. 1. 
 aKoivovoTiTOi, xxxiii. 10. 
 albuA, xiv. 1. 
 
 AlcJbiadeA, iv. 4. 
 
 Ahxandt-Vy vi. 1. 
 
 ambitU'i, ii. 2. 
 
 animus and mens, v. 5. 
 
 Antiochns, ix. 1. 
 
 antiquns, xx. 4. 
 
 arm/ranrhe, xxxii. \i. 
 
 Arion, xxxv. 1. 
 
 Ariatoteles, iii. 1. 
 
 affrarfion of nntt cedent into 
 relative 'clause, xxx. 2 ; 
 xxxix. G. 
 
 Anrunci, xx. 6. 
 
 avunculus, vii. 1. 
 
 Bucephalas, vi. 1. 
 d)undusB.m\ -cundus, vi. 11. 
 
 Caesar, C. lulius, xx. 10. 
 
 Caesar, Claudius, xxix. 2. 
 
 canere tibiis, vii. 4. 
 
 Cannae, ix. 1. 
 
 capital is res, xxx. 9. 
 
 caput, xix. 1. 
 
 Cato, xvii. 1. 
 
 censfO (parenthetically), xvi. 
 
 censores, xl. 24. 
 
 Chares, vi. 2. 
 
 Cicero, xxxiii. 1. 
 
 cinctns, xxi. 17. 
 
 Circus Maxinius, xxviii. 1. 
 
 Cispius Mons, xxxiv. 3. 
 
 copnafi, xxvi. 5. 
 
 comoidiarum certamina, i\. 2. 
 
 com;>«>*arf hominem inalicjuem, 
 
 xvii. 3. 
 
 148 
 
 congerere (absolutely), xxv. 3. 
 
 consecution of tenses after his- 
 toric present, xxi. 12 ; xxiii. 
 6 ; xxxv. 5. 
 
 contestari litem, xxxix. 12. 
 
 Coruncanius, xx. 4. 
 
 Crotoniensis, x. 1. 
 
 Crotona, x. 1. 
 
 cruor, xxix. 23. 
 
 c«m (conj.), vi. 8 ; with indie. 
 
 (1) frequentative, xiv. 7 ; 
 
 (2) = et turn, xxi. (> ; (3)^ 
 because, xxxiii. 11. 
 
 curia, xi. 1. 
 
 Curius Dentatiis, xx. 3. 
 
 cu7'0 with gerundive, vii. 3 ; 
 
 • • • 1 
 
 XIU. 1. 
 
 dative of purpose (predicative 
 
 dat.), viii. 4. 
 Dtmades, xxxii. 4. 
 Demosthenes, xxxii. 4. 
 dependent interrogativcs, x. 0. 
 desim re artcni, x. 3. 
 devdio (de-to land), xxxvi. 7. 
 disciplina, xxii. 2. 
 dissi7nulanter, xxxvi. 12. 
 dum with subj., xxv. T). 
 
 Electra, xxxi. 5. 
 
 Ennius, xxx viii. 9. 
 
 cphi}>piu7}i, ix. 0. 
 
 Euander, xx. 0. 
 
 extrceorf in middle sense, iv. 7. 
 
 Fabricius, viii. 1. 
 /ac ea.«», xxv. 11. 
 facto ... opus est, xiv. IS. 
 fakihus (currus cum), ix. 4. 
 familias, xii. 3. 
 Eavorinvs, xx. 1. 
 felix (fruitful), xxxvii. 18. 
 
 foculus, XV. 7. 
 
 forum, xxiii. 21. 
 
 frequentative verbs, xviii. 4. 
 frenis ... fulgentem, ix. C. 
 
 (jenitive denoting "nature," 
 ♦♦duty "of, xxxiii. 12. 
 
 genitive after ^a^rund (causuiuui 
 orandi cupidus), xxxix. 1. 
 
 gerunds and gerundives, xiii. 1. 
 
 gi'atiacy xxxvii. 13. 
 
 JIannihaf, ix. 1. 
 
 haurire ])ectus, xxii. 9. 
 
 hercle, iii. 1. 
 
 Hispanicus gladius, xxii. 7. 
 
 historic infinitive, xxv. 15. 
 
 Horafii, xx. 5. 
 
 hosjtita, XV. 2. 
 
 iVZ tcmporis, xviii. 7. 
 imperium proconsulare, xxix. 
 
 5. 
 inceptive or inchoative verbs, 
 
 11. i). 
 
 ingentis, (ace. plur.), ix. 2. 
 i/< iure stare, xviii. 18. 
 inmitterc (absolutely), vi. 9. 
 insula (lodging-house), xxxiv. 
 
 4. 
 interrogatives, dependent, x. 6. 
 ire inffias, xxxvi. 18. 
 ins dicere, xviii. 16. 
 iusiuramluvi aliipiem adigere, 
 
 xl. 6. 
 
 locative case, xi. 1. 
 loci (nusquam), xv. 19. 
 
 (e) mediis hostibus, vi. 12. 
 Menander, ii. 1. 
 mens and animuA, v. 5. 
 Methi/mna, xxxv. 1. 
 middle signification of passive 
 voice, iv. 7. 
 
 k2 
 
mo 
 
 INDl'^' 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 151 
 
 mild atul vd ,n. .atcr verb., 
 
 XXMl. lO. 
 J///.>, X. 1. .. 
 
 Mdnkit(.% xxxvm. 1. 
 mon'dkt, is.. 6. 
 
 -7te pleoiKistic, xi. 10. 
 ne ... quis, xi. 4, 
 nemo, xiv. *.). 
 nohili'i, XXXV. 1. _ 
 7tof/<.s cxtremo, xyii. .^. 
 ?iO)<»e, until, ^nc, ii. &• 
 iiiidii'^, xxi. 7. 
 niisqnam loci, xv. H>. 
 
 (),vs/f .-, xxxi. r>. ^ 
 
 On.s/i (genitive), xxxi. t). 
 orthium earmcu, xxxv. -i. 
 Osce, xxxviii 10. 
 
 Palaflnm, xxxiii. 1.^ ^ 
 pano, pario, P'<ro, i. - . 
 ^^aW.\//>^' ana verb in Latu^^^ 
 two verbs in hugiisb, xxi. 
 
 „j!./^^^^ genitive, i-l temporis, 
 ^ iviii, li (luantuni mercecbs, 
 
 i>aS^ wiili luiaaie siguilica- 
 
 tion, iv. 7. 
 I\la«ji, XX. <■>. ... „ 
 
 y,er ciuitcmptum, xxiii. o. 
 
 Perktuder, y-wy- 1- 
 
 Perklt>i, vii. !• 
 
 phnUr(i<\ ix. 6. 
 
 Pliik)n"H, ii. 1- _ 
 
 Piram-^, xxxi v. l.>. 
 
 ;)/af/»'^ of Atlicns, v. lU. 
 2Hidarcliii-<, iii. 1- 
 /'o( «»•*<, ix. 8. ... 
 
 Pom}>tiiin-^ii'^cv, xxm. i. 
 
 2J0>-siVx, xxiv. i:|. ^^ 
 2)osUiinininn}, xl. 1 — 
 
 (in) ^>mr.se?i.s xxxiii. 2. 
 pradextaHiH, xi. '2. 
 ;>rtrf/car;<r <lative, vm. 4. 
 L•./;o.s•///o;^s verbs compoumlea 
 
 ^vith, xxix. 2-2 ; xxxiv. 3. 
 pr/K.sa'.'«»^ ^^'^^^^ subjunctive, 
 
 xxxiii. 4. . . - 
 
 y,>-o(0».s»;rt>-e impenuui, xxix. o. 
 Pruta<ioms, xxxix. o. 
 p7irpo.^e, dative of, viu. 4. 
 Prjnuc^, XX vii. 1 
 
 I'ytltaiiora^ x. 1. 
 
 (7HmZm/i versus, xxiv 10. 
 r/«(ie dicas (indetiiute), xx. H. 
 //«r(f'.so (parenthetically), n. 4. 
 
 r/»rts/, XV. 6. . //- u 
 
 <ia Mith subjunctive (fmal), 
 XXV. 17 ; (causal^xxxvu. o. 
 <7jij(/...sibi vult, xji. 0. 
 
 (si) qnidre'x, xxv. i. . 
 
 mjy^vith indicative XX VI. 4. 
 
 nuh (indetinitc) XI. 4. 
 qni^qnmd and »//<i-S x- ^• 
 
 re ill composition, i. 0. 
 
 Snmnttf'i, viii. 1. 
 
 .so^/m, xxiv. 10. 
 
 sicaU'hat iris, iv. 3. ^^ 
 
 ,S'ct>/oAfricanus.xvi. I ;_xviii. -. 
 
 Sdplo x^siatiens, vvu. ;). 
 
 »cntum, xxi. 17. 
 
 ^,,,.»o-«s with gt.'nitive, vi. 14. 
 
 ,ed enim, x^^ 10. ..^ 
 
 ^'^'/"^ "'•" */ *^"i ''p> xxiii. 6 ; 
 present, xxi. i- • -^• 
 
 xxxv. 5. , Q . 
 
 8cst,rtll and se^^hrtainu vi. ^, 
 
 xxxui. 2. 
 Snt<>rhi% xiii. 1- 
 SihyHiiii libn, xv. 1. 
 SHrani, XX. 0. 
 
 Socrafcs, iv. 1, 4. 
 
 .so/ orieiis, v. H. 
 
 t(olkmnis, xvi. 18. 
 
 iSo/>ho(leH, XXX. 5. 
 
 .S'?///a, L., xxxiv. 15. 
 
 ^m/Ai, p., xxxiii. 2. 
 
 .supine in -uni, xvi. IIJ ; xxii. 
 
 17 ; XXV. (5. 
 supine in -u, xiv. 5 ; xxiv. 2 ; 
 
 xxvii. 12. 
 
 Taeiinrum, xxxvi. G. 
 inkufum, xxxii. 19. 
 Tarqniuius ^\\\)crhu?, xv. 1. 
 temporal conjunctions with 
 
 subjunctive, cum, vi. 8 ; 
 
 dum, XXV. 5 ; priusciuam, 
 
 xxxiii. 4. 
 
 fddae, vii. 4. 
 
 TorquaiiK, xxi. 1. 
 
 forqutSy xxi. 3. 
 
 frilmnus niilitaris, xxiii. 8. 
 
 h'ihnniis plebis, xvi. I. 
 
 (Ui'vlbiLii (elephanti cum), ix. 5. 
 
 ullus, x. 6. 
 
 radari, xviii. 22. 
 vadimonhnn, xviii, 19. 
 veiium dare, xxxiv. 10. 
 Vevijiliux, i. 1. 
 vcrdtur in, xxvi. 20. 
 vklere.'i, x xviii. 1.5. 
 rult^ (^uid sibi, xii. G. 
 
 Zitma^ ix. 1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 153 
 
 INDEX TO rROPER NAMES IN THE TEXT. 
 
 Aesopus, xxiv. 1, 9. 
 Alcibiades, iv. 4; ^'"- ^'^• 
 Alexander, vi. 1, 8, 10, lo. 
 Androclus, xxviii. <>, 1'2; xxix. 
 
 2, 3 ; XXX. U, 17, 19- . 
 
 Antiochu3,ix.l;xvi l;xvii.4. 
 
 Archelaus, xxxiv. 13, lb, IJ. 
 Arion, XXXV. 1, 2, U ; xxxvi. 
 
 7, 11, 1'^, 1-i' l^'V. ,„ ,. 
 Aristodemus, xxxii. 1/, lo. 
 
 Ariatoteles, iii. 1. 
 Augustus, xxiii. 21. 
 
 Bucephalas, vi. 1. 
 
 Caesar, C. Julius, xx. 16. 
 Caesar, Claudius, xxix. Z. 
 Cato, xvii. 2. 
 Chares, vi. 2. 
 Cicero, xxxiii. 1, 0. 
 Claudius, Q., xxxiv. 12. 
 Coruncanius, xx. 4. 
 Corvinus, xxiii. 8, 20, '-1. 
 Curius (Dentatus), xx. 3. 
 
 Demades, xxxii. 22. 
 Demosthenes, xxxii. 4, t, i", 
 15, 21. 
 
 Diana, xiv. 4. 
 
 Elcctra, xxxi. 5, 8, 9. 
 Ktinius, xxiv. 10 ; xxxviii. 9. 
 Kuander, xx. ?• , 
 
 Euathlus, xxxix. 1, 1-, -•. 
 
 Fabricius, viii. 1, 7 ; xx. 4; 
 
 xxvii. 4, 9. 
 Favorinus, xx. 1. 
 
 Hannibal, ix. 1, 7 ; xvi. 8 ; xl. 
 
 1, 17, 27. 
 Horatii, xx. 5. 
 
 lulianus, Antonius, xxxiv. I, 
 7, 11. 
 
 Manlius, of. Toniuatus. 
 
 Menander, ii. 1. 
 
 Milo, X. 1. . 
 
 Mitridates, xxxiv. 13, lO, 
 
 xxxviii. 1, 10. 
 
 Naevius, xvi. 1. 
 152 
 
 Orestes, xxxi. 6, 11. 
 
 Papirius Praetextatus, xi. 5 ; 
 
 xii. 7, 12, 
 Periander, xxxv. 3 ; xxxvi. 8. 
 Pericles, vii. 1. 
 Petilii. xvii. 1. 
 Philemon, ii. 1. 
 Philip[)us, vi. 3. 
 Plutarclius, iii. 1. 
 Polus, xxxi. 2, 9. 
 Protagora8,xxxix.3,4, 8, 10,13. 
 Pyrrus, xxvii. 1, 4, 13. 
 
 Scipio Africaiius, xvi. 1, o, 15, 
 16; xvii. 3, 7; xviii. 2, 10, 20. 
 
 Scipio Asiaticus, xvii. 6. 
 Sertorius, xiii. 1, 7 ; xiv. 1, 
 
 12, 20. 
 Socrates, iv. 1, 4, 6 ; v. 2. 
 Sophocles, xxxi. 5. 
 Sulla, L., xxxiv. 15. 
 Sulla, P., xxxiii. 2. 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus, xv. 3, 5, 
 
 10, 14, IS. 
 Timochaics, xxvii. 4, 10. 
 Tor(]uatus, xxi. 1, 15 ; xxii. 
 
 3, 6, 13, 14. 
 
 Vergilius, i. 1. 
 Xanthippe, iv. 1. 
 
 Fnd. 
 
 Olatf'ow : Kybert MacleboiM!, Priuter to the Univei-sity. 
 
MACMILLAN'S ELEMENTARY CLASSICS. 
 
 18mo, Eighteenpence each. 
 The following Elementary Books, Edited with Introductions, Notes, 
 and Vocabularies, and in some cases with Exercises, are ready :- 
 LATIN ACCIDENCE AND EXERCISES. Arranged for Beginners. 
 
 By W. AVKLf H. M.A., and C. G. DUFFIELI), M.A. 
 AeschJlus.-rKUMETIih.US VINCTUS. By liev. H. M. Stephen- 
 son, M.A. ^ ^ ... 1 A Q 
 
 Arrian. -Selections. By the Kev. John Bond, M.A., and A. b. 
 
 Waipole, M.A. With Exercises. 
 AulusGellius, Stories from. By Kev. G. H. Nall M.A ^\ it. Exercises. 
 Caesar.-THK HELVETIAN WAR. From Book I. of ' TheGalho 
 
 War." r>y W. Welch, M.A., and C. G. Dlfmkld, M.A. AV ith 
 
 THE INVASION OF BRITAIN. Being Selections from Books 
 
 IV and V. of the " De Bello Gallico." By W. Welch, M.A., 
 
 and C. G. DUFFiELi), M.A. With Exercises. 
 
 THE GALLIC WAR. Book L «y ^V.?;^^ l\^^^P' ,^,^-^\,r 
 
 THE GALLIC WAR. Books II. and 111. By the Rev. ^V 
 
 Rltherfoud, M.A., LL.D. 
 THE (iALLIC WAR. P>ook IV. By C. Bryans, M.A. 
 
 Book V. By C. Colbeck, M.A. 
 SCENES FROM BOOKS V. and VI. 
 
 G. 
 
 THE GALLIC WAR. 
 THE GALLIC WAR. 
 
 C. COLHECK, M.A. 
 
 THE GALLIC WAR. 
 
 By 
 
 Book VII. By Rev. John Bond, M.A., 
 
 'and A. S. Walpole, M.A. 
 Cicero.-DE SENECTUTE. By E. S. Shuckburgh, M.A. 
 DE AMICITIA. By the same Editor. , ^, ^ ^ ... , 
 
 STORIES OF ROMAN HISTORY. By G. E. Jeans, M.A., and 
 A. V. Jones, M.A. With Exercises. , ^ ^, ^ ... 
 
 Eutropius.-By William Welch, M.A., and C. G. Duffield, M.A. 
 
 With Exercises. i * o 
 
 Homer. -ILIAD. Book I. By Rev. John Bond. M.A., and A. S. 
 
 Walpole, M.A. t, o i> t.x.c-^ 
 
 ILIAD. Book XVIII. The Arms of Achilles. By S. R. J ame.s, 
 
 M. A., Assistant Master at Eton College. , * c, 
 
 ODYSSEY. Book I. By Rev. John Bond, M.A., and A. fe. 
 
 Walpole, M.A. ,, » t^ i i p j 
 
 Horace.-ODES I. -IV. By T. E. Page, M.A. F^ich Is. Gd. 
 Livy. -Book I. By Rev. H. M. Stephenson, M.A. 
 THE HVNNIBALIAN WAR. Being part of Livy, Books XXI. 
 
 amlXXIL By G. C. Mac.\UL.VY, M.A. 
 THE SIEGE OF SYRACUSE. Bemg part of the XXIV. and 
 
 XXV. Books of Livy. By George Richards, M.A., and A. fe. 
 
 Walpole. ]\I.A. With Exercises. „ ^ ^ t> 
 
 Lucian -EXTRACTS FROM LUCIAN. By Rev. John Bond, 
 
 M.A., and A. S. Walpole, M.A. With Exercises. 
 
 MACMTLLAN AND CO., LONDON. 
 
A^ V J kI KNELL M A. With Exercises. 
 ^•Cn5ef^a:;;r^^it;brH^rJx^^'■aK..0^•. M.A. Wit. 
 
 Jons from BooK I Edited .y K A. <^0'-^"^- [,^,,, j,. A. 
 Virgil- AENEI1> BOOK L ,1;^ 'i-^, jtltErHESsoN. 
 
 ANABASIS. Book I. Chups. I.-MH. '>> 
 
 With Kxtrcises. «j AV\li>OLK, M.A. 
 
 ANABASIS. IIOOK I L By A S. AN ALiOL^ Selections 
 
 THK KETHEAT OFTHE \^f ^^V^'^'i-y Rev. E. D. Stonk, 
 from Book IV. of Xenophou s Anabasis. i^y 
 
 SL'LE6TIONl;n<mrrHE0YROPAEDIA. By A. H. CooK^ 
 
 M.A. With Exercises. _— — „uu Introduction- and 
 
 The following more advanced Books, tditcci, 
 KntB« but no Vocabulary, arc read} . j^, ^ 
 
 Hero^lo;\is. -SELECTIONS^KKOM .r^^^^^ 
 
 Hora« -ScilC^" KROM ^niE SATIRES AND EPISTLES. 
 
 By Rev. W. 3. V. B;\'-;'''I'l,i'V>AvTICA By H. A. Dalton, M.A. 
 SELECT EPODES ANl) AKb lOEllCA. »y ^^^vEs, M.A. 
 
 Plato. -EUTHYPHRO ^^I?,^1^'^^^,KI v By F W. CoRNisH. M.A. 
 ?e«nce.-SCENESKROMimANlM^^^^^^^ 
 
 The Greek Elegiac Po«t3. IKUM L..vi.i^i^ 
 
 "' Selected and Edited by Rev. H^l^^^j X' ^^„,^, ^, gPHAO- 
 
 Thucydides. BOOK I^^ t-""- i- - 
 
 TEBIA. By C. E. GBA\ ES M.A. SKKISK. 
 
 Virgil.-GEORGICS.,BooKn.^ByRev^J.,,^^^^ 
 
 MAOMILLAiTaND CO., LONDON. >^^ 
 
 Ml 
 
 41 
 
 »j*»i.(Sr;r*Ti^**^ 
 
 ^ir:;;: 
 
 { vw«v ^-«>^bM.^ *^ 
 
 ■aaji.jjjj'«Bi^ji«a^j«ih»»ufc«j« 
 
 - :L5ys*°'^.i.-^ayA|giii-„'*i,SiaMri 
 
 ■JiMiB^ 
 
ema 
 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 ^?^^K^P^^?^ -: