MA S TER NEGATIVE NO. 92-80498-10 MICROFILMED 1992 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the . t^ • *» "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material... Columbia University Library reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: PLAUTUS, TITUS TITLE: MENAECHMI PLACE: [NEW YORK] DA TE : [1916] Master Negalive # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT Vk-%OM^lrMD '.-» BIDLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET Restrictions on Use: Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record L^KS/PRUU Books I-UL/BIB NYCG92-Bi024 5 f^ecor-d i of o - Record added today tD:NYCn92-LU0245 CC:9668 UL1 :ani Cr^:nyu L :enq PC:s Pl):.r.J6'' RIYP DCF:? CSC INT:V UPC kfiP UM: 9 31 :p }iOl): B I U : T Cf'l :? FRM: SNR: F ] C : '? PSl :? COL: Acquisitions NYCG~PT MMO: i)H: T'OL : UM: RR 0^10 i^lMCl^cHfU: 100 .1, iM-uihiiT. , fitiic Haosius. '/MS 14 1 ho hrni'H>c|)i(ii ; hi microf oriii I , I b I he or iqinai of en 01 :/* . ?6(:) I HcHJ Yoi k, i:bs-n.i-cl916 |. M)0 |). 5-lS. LU(4 URKi QO 02-12-92 MS: EL AIC CON ILC EML ^'•77 777 7 AD:02-12--92 UD:02-i2-92 II:? GEN: BSE: ohakespeare Comedy of TFCHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: // V FILM SIZn:„_^j-^^^^,,^^^^ IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA CS^ IB IID DATE FILMED: ^j/x^fz^ INITIALS FILMED BY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC WOODBRIDGE. CT r Association for Information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 /, Centimeter 1 2 3 nil """M"['|"[" Inches ^ m TTTTJ 1.0 I.I 1.25 8 TTT 10 n iiiliiiiliiiiliii Ifi i 2.8 |63 I 71 ■ 10 l_UU. 3.2 3.6 4,0 1.4 m 12 mjim, 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 13 14 15 mm iiliiiiliiiiliiiiliii "h MfiNUFfiCTURED TO flllM STfiNDflRDS BY fiPPLIED IMOGE. INC. r T • MACCI • PLAVTI MENAECHMOS FABVLAM • PALLIATAM m AGET • GBEX • HAMILTONENSIS « 1 I J IN . CAMPO . ACADEMICO D- XVI • KAL • IVL • M • D • CCCC • XVI HORA . POST . MERIDIEM • VIII DISSIGNATOBES • SVNT • SOCIETATIS • UTTEKABVM LATINAKVM . HAMILTONENSIS . SODALES PERSONS PROLOGVS PENICVLVS • PARASITVS f MENAECHMVS I • ADVLESCENS (\ MENAECHMVS II • ADVLESCENS ! EROTIVM • MERETRIX ft CVLINDRVS . COQVOS MESSENIO • SERVOS ANCILLA MATRONA SENEX MEDICVS } A MVTiE. PEUSONiE J DECIO SERVOS • NAVTAE . LORARII A TIBICEN . SCAENICUa ACTOKES STVARTIVS • SAVNDERS GEORGIVS • MC • MILLAN PHILIPPVS . lESSVP ., LVDOVICVS • BAVMER || FREDERICVS • YEANDLE * lACOBVS • MARSHALL GVLIELMVS • CALKINS OLIVERIVS • HVTCHINSON HAROLDVS • DODGE ERNESTVS • GRIFFITH lOANNES • TALLMADGE PAVLVS • HASBROVCK GVLIELMVS • lONES I f PLAVTI MENAECHMI ARGVMENTVM Merchant of Sicily, the father was; Entwined about his heart were dear twin sons. Naught served him, when the one was stol'n, but death. Adopted by his grandsire, the other twin Eke grandsire's wealth and brother's name receives, Conducts, when grown, a world-wide search to find His brother, and to Epidamnus comes. Menaechmus here, the twin, resides, and thus Ensues confusion great, from name and face Identical, but last the riddle's solved. THE MENAECHMI THE ORIGINAL OF SHAKESPEARE'S '* COMEDY OF ERRORS" "A pleasant and fine Conceited Comaedie by the most excellent wittie Poet PLAUTUSr Presented in Latin, under the Auspices of the Latin Club of Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, by Members of the Club, on the Campus, Friday, June i6, 19 16, at eight p. m. THE LATIN CLUB D. F. Aldrich, Prts. F. R. Crumb, Vice-Pres. J. W. Campbell, Sec.-Treas. D. F. Aldrich L. J. Baumer P. T. Bissell W. S. Calkins J. M. Campbell C. K. Chase C. K. Chase, Regent. F. R. Crumb H. S. Dodge E. S. Griffith P. D. Hasbrouck H. R. Hastings W. R. Higgins F. G. Yeandle O. W. Hutchinson P. C. Jessup W. K. Jones G, S. McMillan S. S. Saunders J. A. Tallmadge The Delphic Hymn to Apollo is from the Reynach transcription of the original Greek music, and is sung by Mr. H. R. Hastings. The incidental music used to accompany the cantica is an arrangement scored for flute and two clarionettes, from the Frederic DeForest Allen Phormio music. Grateful acknowledgement of the indebtedness is here made. The translations found in this libretto are, with the exception of the prologue, from the free English rendering of the Menaechmi, published in 1595, of which the Elizabethan minor poet, William Warner, is supposed to be the author. If the weather prevents the use of the out-door theatre, the performance will be given in the Gymnasium. No charge is made for admission. THE MENAECHMI— Plautus THE MENAECHMI A play of Plautus in five acts DRAMiVTIS PERSONAE Prologus Peniculus A parasite, hapger-on of Menaechraus I Menaechmus 1 A citizen of Epidarrmus } Twin Menaechmus II (Sosicles) A citizen of Syracuse ) Brothers Erotium A woman of Epidamnus, loved by Menaechmus I Cylindrus A cook, servant of Erotium Messenio Slave of Menaechmus II Ancilla Maid of Erotium Matrona Wife of Menaechmus I Senbx , Her father Medicus Her father's physician Sailors and Slaves. Scene. — A street in Epidamnus, a Greek city in Illyria, leading on the (players') right to the harbor, and on the left to the centre of the city. In the background are the houses of Menaechmus I and Erotium. Time. — Near the close of the 3rd Century B. C. THl^ PROLOGUE Good health first of all I wish to us all here present at this play. I bring you Plautus, not on the hand but on the tongue : whom I beg you to receive with gracious attention. Now hear the plot, and give careful ear, which I will set forth as briefly as I may. Note a habit of the poets in their comedies ; they place the scene of all their events in Athens, to make you think it all the more truly Greek : I will never say so when it is the fact. Greek this story is indeed, but not Attic ; it is Sicilian. So much byway of preface to my plot ; and now for the plot itself, measured not by tne bushel or the peck but bv the whole barn ; see how generous is my measure in telling this tale. There was a merchant at Syracuse, an old man, who had two twin sons, boys so much alike that the nurse who fostered them could not tell which was which, nay not their own mother who bore them : at least so I have been told by one who saw them. I have not seen them myself, pray do not 6 THE MENAECHMI— Plautus ♦t,;nk what business ? what I fetch ? what I carry ? as though ye were a Constable or a Toll-gatherer. I have pampered ye too much : ye have servants, wool, flax, and all things necessary to busy ye withall, yet ye watch and wonder whither I go. Well, sith it is so, ye shall now have some cause : I mean to dine this day abroad with a sweet friend of mine. 8 THE MENAECHMI— Plautus Pen. \aside-\ Yea, marry, now comes he to the point that pricks me ; this last speech galls me as much as it would do his wife. If he dine not at home, I am dressed. Men Would every man could tame his shrew as well as I do mine. I have now filched away a fine riding cloak of my wife's, which I mean to bestow upon one that I love better Nay, if she be so wary and watchful over me, I count it an alms-deed to deceive her. , , , > t ;„ thtit Pen. {coming forzvard] Come, what share have I m that same ? Men. Out, alas, I am taken ! Pen, True, but by your friend. Men. What, mine own Peniculus ? Pen. Yours i'faith, body and goods, if I had any. Menaechmus shows to Peniculus the cloak he has stolen from his wife to is to order for thera both at Erotium's house, ^hen the latter enters. Scene 3 Erotium, Peniculus, Menaechmus I Menaechmus presents the stolen cloak to Erotium and discusses the menu of the luncheon n^detail. He promises to return from the Forum with Peni- culus when ^^^^^^^ has been time to market, and to cook the necessary food. Scene 4 Erotium, Cylindrus The cook is Riven instructions about the marketing. .He says he wiH have to priide for ten instead of three, since Peniculus "easily does duty for eight persons." ACT II Scene 1 Menaechmus II, Messenio Menaechmus of Syracuse enters from the harbor road, with his faithful bodv servant Messenio! and with sailors carrying the baggage. Messenio protes s or^ learned definitlly of his death. The servant then urges that at least LXve Epidan,nL as soon as possible -.^'^e |r°und of . s b.ng an ^ex- L^:flpM\'.rsra";ir r^f outr^/eourexpe^ses/exceeding i{all riot and ^cWiSss-, and, I'^hear, as £"" °f"baldsparasj^^es drunk d,^^^^^^^^^ re'?s re^c";t"eVS°o^"^^ - - --• V^Sl^rn^^trh^re t^o THE MENAECHMI— Plautus scape with as light cost as in other places. The very name shows the nature, no man comes hither stn^ daynno."' Menaechmus' answer is the safeguarding of his money by taking back his purse from Messenio. Scene 2 Cylindrus, Menaechmus II, Messenio The comedy of errors begins when Cylindrus, the cook, enters and accosts the wrong Menaechmus. Cyl. I have tickling gear here i' faith for their dinners. It grieves me to the heart to think how that cormorant knave Peniculus must have his share in these dainty morsels. But what } Is Menaechmus come already, before I could come from the market } Menaechmus, how do ye, sir } How haps it ye come so soon } Me7u God a mercy, my good friend, dost thou know me } Cyl. Know ye .^ no, not I. Where's mouldychaps that must dine with ye .-* A murrain on his manners. Men. Whom meanest thou, good fellow } Cyl. Why Peniculus' worship, that whorson lick-trencher, your parasitical attendant. Mefi. What Peniculus } what attendant } my attendant } Surely this fellow is mad. Mess \to Men.] Did I not tell ye what cony-catching villains you should find here } Cyl. Menaechmus, hark ye, sir, ye come too soon back again to dinner ; I am but returned from the market. Men. Fellow, here, thou shalt have money of me, go get the priest to sacrifice for thee. I know thou art mad, else thou wouldst never use a stranger thus. Cyl. Alas, sir, Cylindrus was wont to be no stranger to you. Know ye not Cylindrus } Men. Cylindrus, or Coliendrus, or what the devil thou art, I know not, neither do I care to know. CyL I know you to be Menaechmus. Men. Thou shouldst be in thy wits, in that thou namest me so right ; but tell me, where hast thou known me } Cyl. Where } Even here, where ye first fell in love with my mistress Erotium. Men. I neither have lover, neither know I who thou art. Cyl. Know ye not who I am, who fills your cup and dresses your meat at our house } Mess. What a slave is this ! that I had somewhat to break the rascal's pate withal. 10 THE MENAECHMI— Plautus Men, At your house, when as I never came in Epidamnum till this day ? , „ . j u ^ > Cyl Oh, that's true ! Do ye not dwell in yonder house t Men, Foul shame light upon them that dwell there, for ^^CyT Questionless, he is mad indeed, to curse himself thus. Menaechmus is mystified. Messenio feels justified. ^^^^ t^^^°°^/ ^f ^J/^ ing Men^chmus to be joking, tells him not to go far away as luncheon will soon be ready. He then goes into the house to report to Erotium. Scene 3 Erotium, Menaechmus II, Messenio The confusion increases with the entry of Erotium. who. after calling back instructions to her maid, unsuspectingly accosts the unknown Men^f^us and tells him his luncheon is ready. In spite of Menaechraus denials she en deavors to prove to him that she does know him. She reminds him of his order or the meal for Peniculus and himself, of his gift of the cloak and she even correctly states his pedigree. Eventually, however in sj^ite of the pr^ tests and warnings of his servant, Menaechmus decides tha it is foohsh to hrow away such 1 chance for a free dinner, and tells Erotium that he had refused to recognize her only from fear lest Messenio inform his wife of what he has done. He promises that he will take the newly presented cloak to the embroiderers and have it retrimmed for her. Before entering her house he f^tructs Messenio to leave the sailors and the baggage at a tavern and to return for him before sunset. Scene 4 Peniculus Pen Thirty years, I think, and more, have I played the knave, vet never played I the foolish knave as I have done this morning. I follow Menaechmus, and he goes to the Hall where now the Sessions are holden ; there thrusting ourselves into the press of people, when I was in midst of all the throng, he gave me the slip, that I could never more set eye on him, and I dare swear, came directly to dmner. Ihat 1 would he that first devised these Sessions were hanged, and all that ever came of him, 'tis such a hindrance to men that have belly businesses in hand. Men that have nothing else to do, that do neither bid any man, nor are themselves bidden to dinner, such should come to Sessions, not we that have these matters to look to. If it were so, I had not thus lost my dinner this day ; which I think in my conscience he did even purposely cozen me of. Yet I mean to go see. If I can but light upon the reversion, I may perhaps get my penny-worths. But how now > Is this Menaechmus coming away from thence.? Dinner done, and all despatched.? What execrable luck have I ! THE MENAECHMI— Plautus 11 Scene 5 Menaechmus H, Peniculus Menaechmus (of Syracuse) entering from Erotium's house, calls back to her that he will see to the remodeling of her cloak. The wreath on his head shows that he has been dining ; he boasts that he has dined exceeding well, with- out cost, and has acquired a fine cloak in addition. Peniculus, incensed beyond the point of endurance by what he considers the perfidy of his patron, up- braids him for having given him the slip at the Forum, while he secretly con- sumed the meal. The upshot of the violent charges and equally violent denials is that Peniculus rushes into the house of Menaechmus I to inform the latter's wife of his scandalous actions. Scene 6 Ancilla, Menaechmus H Erotium's maid brings a bracelet to Menaechmus with a request from Erotium to have it made over at the goldsmith's. Ready to accept all that he can get, he promises compliance. The maid then begs of him the gift of a pair of pendant earrings for herself. As she will not furnish the gold, he re- fuses. As soon as he is alone, he thinks it high time to leave with his booty (the cloak and bracelet). Before going off toward the harbor (on the right) he throws his chaplet down the street in the opposite direction, lest he be tracked. ACT III Scene 1 Matrona, Peniculus [In order to be revenged for the supposed perfidy of Menaechmus, Peni- culus has reported to Menaechmus' wife the theft of the mantle; they enter together.] Ma. Thinks he I will be made such a sot, and to be still his drudge, while he prowls and purloins all that I have, to give his trulls } Pen. Nay, hold your peace, we'll catch him in the nick. This way he came, in his garland forsooth, bearing the cloak to the dyers. And see, I pray, where the garland lies ; this way he is gone. See, see, where he comes again now without the cloak. Ma. What shall I now do } Pen. What .^ That which ye ever do ; bait him for life. Ma. Surely I think it best so. Pen. Stay, we will stand aside a little ; ye shall catch him unawares. 12 THE MENAECHMI— Plautus Scene 2 Menaechmus I, Matrona. Peniculus Menaechmus has been detained, sorely against his will by the lf«'-s»i' °j a client aUhe Forum. He curses the whole system of chen s and patrons and expresses the fear that Erotium will be angry with him fordelaymg luncheon. The sieht of his wife and Peniculus, just as he is about to enter Erotiuin's house CO ers him with confusion. Observing her ar,ger, Menaechmus at- tempt's to soo he her, and asks the cause of her displeasure. At one t.me she refuses to answer his questions, and, at another, upbra.ds h.m bitter y. In fhs she is encouraged by Peniculus, who does some cnidmg on his own Account Menaechm^us of course denies having lunched wthout his paras.te dedar°ng he is but now returned from the Forum; but Peniculus w.th the vfs on oTiheVther Menaechmus in his mind, fails '° b/ 'i°-'"-'^ErolT bui „us is forced re.uctantly^o a^-'' .'^^,^1°^ .^need tv"r reTurn^homl ^"t":t It TuVre enters hevhou^^^^^ having now secured nothing Tro^eittr wife orTusband, goes in disgust to the I;o-" - J"-' ^^^^--^ elsewhere Left alone, Menaechmus plans to get the cloak back from Erotium by the promTse of a new and better one; he knocks at the door of her house. Sceue 3 Erotium. Menaechmus I Erotium, surprised at seeing him standing there P^'i'^'y j"^'.'^ ^';fh^s pnter He declines but requests the return of the cloak, since his wife has dUcover"d the the?t'; he promises a substitute. Bewildered, .^hejeminds h.m that he took the cloak, but shortly before to the embroiderers Mutua recriminations ensue, especially heated on her part At the last '^e accuses him of ungentlemanly conduct and in high dudgeon leaves him. Rejected by boTh his life and Erotium, he retires disconsolate to seek advice from his friends. ACT IV Hceue 1 Menaechmus II, Matrona Menaechmus II returns from the harbor district. ^^i?|,^°?};i"g ^°^, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Messenio The wife of Menaechmus I, seemg him with the cloak, supposes So be her husband returned from Erotium. She dec des to "go nng a peal through both his ears for his dishonest behaviour.'' Menaechmus is indiff- erenuo her shrewish abuse, at the same time that he denies her accusations^ Goaded, as she feels, beyond endurance, she declares she will live with him no longer and sends a slave to call her father. Scene 2 Senex. Matrona, Menaechmus II The old man enters without observing, at first, his daughter and Menaechmus at thl further end of the stage He complains of the infir-ties of age^ -h ch make it difficult for him to hasten ; then expresses his fear ^^^^^^^3^^;^"^^^^^^^^ jealous and shrewish nature has caused her again to quarre ^>^^^^^^«;,^^^^ She approaches and acquaints him with her case ^g^^^^ . ^"^^'^^^^^d'^ran Theft of cloak and bracelet, and brazen friendship for Erotium. The old man THE MENAECHMI— Plautus 13 reminds her that her temper is enough to drive any man from home. After some further discussion he attempts to cross-question his supposed son-in-law. Me- naechmus finally loses his temper at the questions, which he naturally is quite unable to comprehend; he succeeds only in convincing the others that he is mad and that he should be placed in confinement. The following dialogue then takes place, in one of the most amusing scenes in the play. Men. [aside] What } they say now I am mad : the best way for me is to feign myself mad indeed, so shall I be rid of them. Ma. Look how he stares about, how he gapes ! Sen. Come away, daughter : come from him. Men. Bacchus, Apollo, Phoebus, do ye call me to come hunt in the woods with you } I see, I hear, I come, I fly ; but I cannot get out of these fields. Here is an old mastiff bitch stands barking at me ; and by her stands an old goat that bears false witness against many a poor man. Sen. Out upon him. Bedlam fool. Ma, Here, father : what shall we do } Sen. What if I fetch my folks hither, and have him carried in before he do any harm ^ Men. [aside'] How now .^ they will carry me in if I look not to myself : I were best to scare them better yet. [Aloud] Dost thou bid me, Phoebus, to tear this dog in pieces with my nails ? If I lay held on him, I will do thy commandment. Sen. Get thee into thy house, daughter ; away quickly. [Exit Ma.] Men. She is gone : yea, Apollo, I will sacrifice this old beast unto thee. Sen. Come not near me, sirrah. Men. Many things thou commandest me, Apollo ; wouldst thou have me harness up these wild horses, and then climb up into the chariot, and so over-ride this old stinking toothless lion } So now I am in the chariot, and I have hold on the reins : here is my whip. Hait ! come, ye wild jades, make a hideous noise with your stamping : hait, I say : will ye not go .'* Sen. What } doth he threaten me with his horses 1 Men. Hark ! now Apollo bids me ride over him that stands there, and kill him. How now .? who pulls me down from my chariot by the hairs of my head 1 Oh, shall I not fulfil Apollo's commandment } Sen. See, see, what a sharp disease this is, and how well he was even now. I will fetch a physician straight, before he grow too far into this rage. Exit. 14 THE MENAECHMI— Plautus Men, Are they both gone now ? I'll then hie me away to my ship : 'tis time to be gone from hence. Extt. ACT V Scene 1 Senex The old man complains of the slowness of the doctor whom he has sum- moned. Scene 2 Medicus, Senex The doctor and the old man discuss the ailment of Menaechmus. Scene 3 Menaechmns I, Senex, Medicus Menaecnmus curses his luck in having offended both his wife and Erotium, and swears vengeance on Peniculus for having betrayed him. The doctor, a pompous quack, now interviews him, prompted by the old man. He asks about his ability to sleep, the condition of his stomach, even the color of the wine he prefers. As Menaechmus' rage increases, the doctor gives an emphatic verdict for insanity. He suggests Menaechmus' taking the hellebore cure for twenty days anS asks the old man to have his slaves forcibly bring him to the doctor s office for treatment. The scene ends with the following lines by Menaechmus. Men. Are they both gone .? Good gods, what meaneth this > These men say I am mad, who without doubt are mad themselves. I stir not, I fight not, I am not sick. I speak to them, I know them. Well, what were I now best to do ? I would go home, but my wife shuts me forth a doors Erotium is far out with me too. Even here I will rest me till the evening : I hope by that time, they will take pity on me. [Seats himself apart.^ Scene 4 Messenio, [Menaechmus I] Messenio returns for his master. He expresses the belief that his master will soon reward his faithful service by freeing him. He knocks, and enters Erotium's house. Scene 5 Senex, Menaechmus I, Lorarii, Messenio The old man enters with four slaves He points out Menaechmus and orders them to pick him up and carry him off. Then follows the boisterous Lht scene In the midst of it Messenio comes out and aids his (supposed) master, the slaves arc put to flight. The servant then asks his freedom. He considers THE MENAECHMI— Plautus 15 the protestations of Menaechmus as merely a joke, and finally secures permis- sion from Menaechmus to be free, "as far as he is concerned." Overjoyed at what he considers his master's liberality, he returns for the baggage and pocket- book. Menaechmus is pleased at the prospect of getting such a windfall and tells him to hasten. Menaechmus enters Erotium's house to make another effort to secure the cloak. Scene 6 Menaechmus II, Messenio Messenio has gone only a few blocks when he meets the other Menaechmus (his real master), whom he supposes to have intercepted him in jest. While the servant and the bewildered master are still talking, Menaechmus I enters from Erotium's house. Scene 7 Menaechmus I, Messenio, Menaechmus II In the final scene, Messenio is at first utterly at a loss to determine which is his master. The general bewilderment postpones for a few minutes the natural solution of the difficulty. Messenio is the first to recover his wits and to attempt a complete identification. The joy of the brothers is unbounded, and Messenio is given his freedom by Menaechmus II. The play ends with a noisy announcement, by Messenio, of the approaching auction of all the effects of Menaechmus I (his wife included), preparatory to the removal of Menaechmus I and Menaechmus II to the city of Syracuse. In conclusion, he requests the applause of the audience. • » • • • • • cy/O COLUMBIA UNIVERS 0025979124 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is due on the date indicated below or at the exoSon of a definite period after the date of borrowmg, r^^Sd by the rules of the Library or by specxal ar- rangement with the Librarian m charge. ^ ^ J/- //<''. DATE BORROWED DATE DUE DATE BORROWED DATE DUE cs«( as»)Mioo I ^ ^^ ^ APR 2 1938 ^ 3 » 1** .%"L i-i "Jf^O. V - 1 -* .. ^ . Ms 5CCM OC- t ^XS ^^ ~ jjiv*tfr It^ ?»■ .»<'^^ t - * t^- »iA V.3 ^t^yi '" M.* I. ^ J I«i/\,.M*(5t ^Jt :i 5K"i- >!iSflu'£iiJtii5iC>Mf{S3jsk;i;;r', « . /Hfr-'ira^vfe^io ^ ' K -I t •■Vr *-^ »'«»nr5*'«S« fS.i«i.¥tl^ttC^.. mnm.^^:'ii^M\'^m^^^^^^m& ■■ : Uv , 'tSf '=5 J- ■M^f'^ VM ~ ■J "S'r-rj-*