Landmark 
 of 
 
 Fraunces' 
 Cavern 
 
Stony Point Battlefield. 
 
 The American 
 Scenic and Historic Preservation 
 Society 
 
 Incorpotated 1895. 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 President. Hon. ANDREW H. GREEN. 
 214 Broadway, New York. 
 Vice-President, Hon. CHARLES S. FRANCIS. 
 Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Treasurer, EDWARD PAYSON CONE, Esq., 
 182 William Street, New York. 
 Counsel. Col. HENRY W. SACKETT. 
 Tribune Building. New York. 
 
 TRUSTEES, 
 the foregoing, and 
 Hon. HENRY E. HOWLAND. New York. 
 
 FREDERICK W. DEVOE, Esq., New York. 
 
 GEORGE F. KUNZ, Esq., New York. 
 WALTER S. LOGAN, Esq.. New York. 
 
 EDWARD P. HA TCH. Esq., New York. 
 
 FREDERICK S. LAMB, Esq., New York. 
 Hon. ROBERT L- FRYER. Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 THOMAS V. WELCH, Esq.. Niagara Falls. N. Y. 
 
 JOHN HUDSON PECK, Esq.. Troy. N. Y. 
 Hon. HUGH HASTINGS, Albany, N. Y. 
 
 THOS. R. PROCTOR, Esq., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 WILLIAM H. RUSSELL, Esq., New York. 
 Hon. WM. VAN VALKENBURG, Bergenfield, N. J. 
 CHARLES F. WING A TE. Esq., New York. 
 
 RICHARD T DA VIES, Esq., New York. 
 Col. ABRAHAM G. MILLS, New York. 
 
 H. K. BUSH-BROWN, Esq., New York. 
 
 EDWARD T. POTTER, Esq., Newport. R. 1. 
 Hon. GEORGE W. PERKINS, New York. 
 
 FRANK S. WITHERBEE, Esq.. New York. 
 
 Hon. FRANCIS C LAN DON, New York. 
 
 Landscape Architect, SAMUEL PARSONS. Jr.. Esq.. 
 St. James Building, New York. 
 Secretary, EDWARD HAG A MAN HALL. Esq.. 
 Tribune Building, New York. 
 
 For Incorporators, see page 13- 
 2 
 
The Palisades of the Hudson. 
 
 THE American Scenic and Historic Preser- 
 vation Society is a national organization of 
 men and women, animated by a love of the 
 beautiful in Art and Nature, and inspired by 
 public spirit and pride in our National annals, 
 associated for the protection of beautiful 
 American scenery and the preservation of no- 
 table American landmarks. 
 
 Its work is: (1) preservative; (2) creative, 
 aud (3) educational. 
 
 (1.) It aims to protect beautiful features of 
 the natural landscape from disfigurement, either 
 f by physical alterations or by the 
 The Society's erection of unsightly structures ; to 
 Three-fold Work preserve from destruction re- 
 markable geological formations and organic 
 growths possessing an artistic or scientific 
 value; and to save from obliteration names, 
 places and objects identified with local, state 
 and national history. In this branch of its 
 work it is empowered to receive in fee, or upon 
 such trusts as may be agreed upon between the 
 donors and the Corporation, real or personal 
 property possessing picturesque or historic in- 
 terest and to administer it as a public trustee, 
 
solely for the public use and benefit. In like 
 manner it acts for state or municipal govern- 
 ments as custodian of public property set apart 
 for care or improvement for scenic or historic 
 purposes. 
 
 (2. ) It endeavors to promote the beauti- 
 fication of cities and villages by the landscape 
 adornment of their open spaces and thorough- 
 fares; the creation of new parks, where neces- 
 sary or desirable, for the health, comfort and 
 recreation of the people; the erection of suit- 
 able historical memorials where none exist ; 
 and the bestowal of significant and appropriate 
 names upon new thoroughfares, bridges, parks, 
 reservoirs and buildings. 
 
 (8.) It cultivates by free lectures, literature, 
 correspondence and other educational means, 
 popular appreciation of the scenic beauties of 
 America and public sentiment in favor of their 
 preservation ; and it promotes interest in and 
 respect for the history of the Country, its 
 honored names and its visible memorials. 
 
 It is the first Society in this country to attempt 
 upon an extensive scale to merge Art and His- 
 torical culture in one organization, 
 Art Culture and thereby imparting an aesthetic in- 
 History Com- terest * historical work and mak . 
 
 k inec ** ing History, in turn, the hand- 
 
 maiden of Art. It is the ally of the Artist, the 
 Scientist, the Historian and the Teacher. 
 
 In pursuit of its objects, the Society recog- 
 nizes the valuable work done by cognate or- 
 ganizations and stands ready to co-operate with, 
 advise and otherwise aid them in the further- 
 ance of undertakings designed for the public 
 good. 
 
 4 
 
Its success upon these lines during the past six 
 years and the increasing demands made upon it 
 by individuals, societies and the press in all 
 parts of the country if or information and moral 
 and practical support, have given its work a 
 National scope and necessitated the establish- 
 ment of Headquarters in charge of a permanent 
 Secretary. 
 
 The Society invites to membership public- 
 spirited men and women throughout the United 
 States. Any person may become 
 Membership and & member ^ after application to or 
 Privileges. invitation by the Board of Trus- 
 
 tees, upon election and the payment of an an- 
 nual due of five dollars; a Life Member by 
 ' the payment of $100 at one time, and a Patron 
 by the donation of personal or real property to 
 value of $500. 
 
 While the primary object of the Society is to 
 benefit the public at large rather than the in- 
 dividual members, there are, nevertheless, cer- 
 tain distinct privileges of membership, such as 
 the receipt of publications and tickets to lec- 
 tures and the use of the headquarters as a 
 Bureau of Information. Members also find 
 their efforts for local projects of a public nature 
 increased in effectiveness by their association 
 with an influential body of advisers and co- 
 laborers. 
 
 In the State of New York, under a special 
 act of whose Legislature the Society is incor- 
 porated, the corporation occupies 
 A Quasi-Official a q uas i_official position, being re- 
 ^* a * us * quired to report annually to the 
 
 Legislature, and specially privileged to report 
 at any time, by bill or otherwise, recommen- 
 
dations concerning the objects of the Society. 
 Its work in this State has been particularly 
 effective, and it hopes to secure a similar status 
 in other States. 
 
 As any appropriations of public moneys placed 
 
 at the disposal of the Society, like that of $3,500 
 
 for the rehabilitation of the battle- 
 Financial fidd of Stony Pojnt on the Hudson 
 
 Support. River, are applied exclusively to 
 
 the specific objects for which they are made, 
 the Society is entirely dependent upon its 
 membership dues and voluntary contributions 
 from public-spirited citizens for the main- 
 tenance of its general work; and for such 
 financial support it most earnestly appeals. It 
 also invites donations of books, pamphlets, 
 relics, maps and photographs, referring to Art, 
 History and Scenery. 
 
 A disinterested administration of the affairs 
 of the Society is ensured by the restrictions of 
 its charter, which forbids any member to have a 
 pecuniary interest in its operations or receive 
 compensation for services. (See page 15. ) 
 
 The Society was founded by its President, 
 the Hon. Andrew H. Green, of New York. 
 
 His sagacious foresight and in- 
 The Spirit of defatigable civic labors, which 
 the Society. have earned for him the tit ; e of 
 
 •'The Father of Greater New York;" the im- 
 press which his mind has made upon the great 
 park system of the Metropolis ; the creation of 
 the State Reservation at Niagara Falls with 
 which he has been identified for 16 years ; and 
 the rescue from demolition of the beautiful City 
 Hall of New York; are but a few evidences of 
 the genius which has presided over the Society 
 
for the past six years, and which has imparted its 
 spirit to an earnest body of co-workers. 
 
 The limits of these little pages will permit 
 only the briefest intimation of a few of the 
 practical achievements of the Society. 
 
 In 1897, at its instance, the State of New 
 York purchased 33 acres of the historic Stony 
 Point Battlefield on the Hudson 
 The Works of an d committed it to the custody of 
 the Society. this Society| and in 19()0> the 
 
 State placed $3,500 at its disposal for the re- 
 habilitation of the property. 
 
 In 1898 and 1900, after the earnest solicitation 
 of our Society and other agencies, the State 
 purchased about 35 acres at the head of Lake 
 " George, made famous by events during the 
 French-and-Indian and Revolutionary Wars, 
 and selected by Cooper as the principal scene 
 of his romantic novel " The Last of the Mo- 
 hicans." 
 
 In 1900, at the request of Governor Roose- 
 velt, a Commission from the Society represented 
 the State of New York in conjunction with a 
 Commission representing the State of New 
 Jersey and secured the creation of the present 
 Interstate Palisades Park Commission. This 
 it accounts one of its most notable achieve- 
 ments. In 1901 the State of New York appro- 
 priated $400,000 and the State of New Jersey 
 $50,000 for the preservation of the Palisades. 
 
 In 1900, through the Society's co-operation, a 
 philanthropic woman beautified the surround- 
 ings of the ancient church in Salem, N. Y. 
 
 In 1901, chiefly through the intercession of 
 this Society and its Woman's Auxiliary, the 
 purchase by the City of New York of the beau- 
 
tit ul colonial mansion occupied by Washington 
 in 1776 was secured. 
 
 Fraunces' Tavern, Alexander Hamilton's 
 residence, and Edgar Allan Poe's Cottage in 
 
 New York; Philipse Manor Hall in Vonkers; 
 
 Sir Wm. Johnson's mansion in Johnstown. 
 
 N. Y. ; the ruins of Forts Crown Point and 
 
 Ticonderoga; and Watkms Glen are but a few 
 
 similar objects of its solicitude. 
 
 The preservation of the giant sequoias of 
 
 California and the prehistoric ruins in New 
 Mexico, and the creation of an 
 National Interstate Commission to con- 
 
 Legislation. sider the damage done by t he 
 
 artificial diversion of the waters of the Great 
 Lakes, illustrate the class of subjects engaging 
 the Society's interest in National Legislation. 
 As an instance of its work in the department 
 of Nomenclature, may be cited its 
 Nomenclature offer of pdzes of moneyi books 
 and Information. and medals for the bes ' t nameS 
 proposed for the East River Bridges ; and its use 
 as a Bureau of Historical Information may be 
 illustrated by two recent requests — one in 1900 
 from the Comptroller of the State of New York 
 
 8 
 
concerning the Battlefield of Lake George ; and 
 one in 1901 from an official of the Village of 
 Fort Lee, N. J., for the identification of the site 
 of the Revolutionary Fort from which the Vil- 
 lage derives its name. 
 
 It is impossible to measure the influence of 
 the Society upon public sentiment, but the fol- 
 lowing quotations may serve to show the atti- 
 tude of the leaders of modern thought and cul- 
 ture toward its work : 
 
 President Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard Uni- 
 versity, says: " I am entirely in sympathy 
 with your general object of sav- 
 The Voice of ing bj ec ts of natural beauty and 
 the University, scenes of historical interest.' The 
 widespread organization of such societies is the 
 best means I know for accomplishing the objects 
 you have in view. Women as well as men 
 ought to be made members of them and local 
 interests and affections utilized to the utmost." 
 
 Washington's Headquarters, New York City. 
 
 President Arthur T. Hadley, of Yale Univer- 
 sity, says: " It is needless for me to say that I 
 am in cordial sympathy with everything which 
 is expressed in your letter. We can all of us 
 work toward the creation of a general . public 
 
 9 
 
sentiment which will grow better as time goes 
 on and which will aid in dealing with these 
 things— a sentiment to the effect that things 
 which are of permanent interest and value to 
 the Nation must not be made a subject of pri- 
 vate money-making." 
 
 President Seth Low, of Columbia University, 
 says: "The object (if the Society commends 
 itself to me warmly. It is easy to mar the 
 beauties of Nature but difficult to restore them 
 if they have once been injured. Our ancient 
 historic "landmarks also ought to be preserved 
 whenever possible. The New World, in the 
 historic sense, is still new; but our national 
 life has already made its sacred places, and it 
 is a true instinct to preserve them, wherever 
 possible, for the inspiration that they hold. I 
 hope that the efforts of your Society may be 
 crowned with conspicuous success." 
 
 Chancellor H. M. MacCracken, of New York 
 University, says: "All American Universities, 
 inasmuch as they are charged with the highest 
 responsibility for the education of American 
 youth, must welcome the existence and activ- 
 ity of the American Scenic and Historic 
 Preservation Society. Scenic and historic 
 places and objects teach patriotism and nourish 
 moral sentiments, while they care also in 
 some measure for the aesthetic nature. When 
 once established, these famous places be- 
 come unsalaried teachers. They never die, 
 never ask to be retired on pensions, and their 
 voices grow stronger and more convincing 
 with increased age. May your Society be pros- 
 pered in adding to the roll of these immortal 
 teachers." 
 
 10 
 
The Right Reverend, the Bishop of the Pro- 
 testant Episcopal Diocese of New York, Henry 
 C. Potter, says. "No citizen of 
 The Voice of New York can be otherwise than 
 
 the Church. gra teful to your Society for your 
 efforts toward the preservation from defacement 
 of the Palisades and other natural features of 
 scenery in the State of New York. You have 
 behind you a much wider and more earnest con- 
 stituency than as yet you realize ; and I venture 
 to think you can count upon their enthusiastic 
 co-operation in the good work you are doing." 
 
 His Grace, the Archbishop of the Roman 
 Catholic See of St. Paul, John Ire^nd, says: 
 " I am in most hearty sympathy with you. . . 
 I think a society ought to be organized for the 
 clear, definite purpose of preventing all such 
 destructions as those of which you speak. This 
 Society should have among its members influ- 
 ential men throughout the whole country, and 
 it should, through its secretary, arouse public 
 opinion by publications in reviews and newspa- 
 pers, and it should batter at the doors of Con- 
 gress until triumph rewarded its efforts. If in 
 any special way such Society desires my co-op- 
 eration, it will be most cheerfully given." 
 
 Paul Dana, Esq. , editor of the New York Sun, 
 says: "If there is an organization inspired 
 wholly by public spirit and that 
 The Voice of of themost enlightened and pre- 
 the Press. cious nature, it is the American 
 
 Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Pray 
 let me convey to you my earnest wishes for its 
 growth in the public estimation and for its suc- 
 cess in carrying out its ideas." 
 
 The New York Times says editorially: " Of 
 
 11 
 
all the societies which we know collectively as 
 the patriotic societies, none has yet undertaken 
 with quite so much disinterested enthusiasm 
 and intelligent guidance the work of marking 
 and preserving places in this country closely 
 identified with historic events. Membership is 
 not founded upon descent, nor have efforts been 
 made in any way to dignify individual mem- 
 bers through their ancestors. The Society is 
 animated by a very distinct public spirit." 
 
 The New York T?'ib7ine, speaking editorially 
 of the saving of the Palisades of the Hudson, 
 says: "Nor should the Society for the Preser- 
 vation of Scenic and Historic Places and Objects 
 be overlooked in apportioning the praise. Its 
 help was given at a time when general public 
 interest had declined and a period of legislative 
 indifference had begun. Its co-operation, there- 
 fore, at the suggestion of Governor Roosevelt, 
 was especially valuable, and perhaps, indeed, 
 essential to future success." 
 
 The Outlook, speaking of the work of the 
 Society before its charter powers had been ex- 
 tended, said: "In stimulating popular appre- 
 ciation of the value of saving things for their 
 associations, of preserving what is historic and 
 picturesque, and in offering a trusteeship for 
 concentrating effort, whether by gifts or by ap- 
 peal to State intervention, the New York Soci- 
 ety is quietly but effectively doing a work that 
 reaches in interest far beyond State bounds. 
 It needs only a wider knowledge to give its 
 work a national character. 
 
 The Charter of the Society, originally granted 
 in 1895, and amended in 1898 and 1901, reads 
 as follows: 
 
 12 
 
The People of the State of New York, 
 7'epresented i?i Seriate a?nl Assembly, do 
 enact as follows: 
 § 1. The following persons, William H. 
 Webb*, Samuel D. Babcock, John M. Fran- 
 cis*, Andrew H. Green, Charles 
 Charter of the A Dana * Oswald Ottendorfer* 
 Society. Chauncey M. Depew, Horace 
 
 Porter, William Allen Butler, Mornay Wil- 
 liams, George G. Haven, Elbridge T. Gerry, 
 Walter S. Logan, Henry E. Hovvland, Ed- 
 ward P. Hatch, William L. Bull, James M. Tay- 
 lor, J. Hampden Robb, Ebenezer K. Wright*, 
 Alexander E. Orr, William M. Evarts*, Wager 
 Swayne, Charles R. Miller, Frederick W. 
 Devoe, Elbridge G. Spaulding*, Frederick S. 
 Tallmadge, Thomas V. Welch, S. Van Rens- 
 selaer Cruger*, Frederick J. de Peyster, 
 Morgan Dix, John A. Stewart, Charles C. Bea- 
 man*, Francis Vinton Greene, Peter A. Porter, 
 M. D. Raymond, George N. Lawrence*, Ben- 
 jamin F. Tracy, Augustus Frank, Charles Z. 
 Lincoln, John Hudson Peck, Sherman S. 
 Rogers, William Hamilton Harris, Lewis Cass 
 Ledyard, Alexander B. Crane, John Hodge, 
 Robert L. Fryer, J. S. T. Stranahan* Samuel 
 Parsons, Jr., Charles A. Hawley, Henry E. 
 Gregory, Frederick D. Tappen, Henry J. Cook- 
 ingham, Henry R. Durfee, H. Walter Webb*, 
 and such others as shall become associated with 
 them in the manner and upon the terms and 
 conditions prescribed by the by-laws of the cor- 
 poration hereby created, are hereby consti- 
 tuted a body politic and corporate by the name 
 of The American Scenic and Historic Pres- 
 
 * Now deceased. 
 
 13 
 
ekvation SOCIBI v, with all the powers and sub- 
 ject to the provisions of the eleventh section of 
 chapter thirty-five of the general corporation law 
 as amended hy chapter six hundred and eighty- 
 seven of the laws of eighteen hundred and 
 ninety-two, except as otherwise provided by 
 this act, and shall be capable of purchasing, 
 taking, receiving and holding by gift, grant, 
 devise, bequest, or otherwise, in trust or per- 
 petuity, real and personal estate for the uses 
 and purposes of said corporation, the value of 
 which shall not exceed one million dollars. 
 
 ? 2. The objects of said corporation shall be 
 to acquire by purchase, gift, grant, devise, 
 or bequest, historic objects or memorable or 
 picturesque places in the State or elsewhere 
 in the United States, hold real and per- 
 sonal property in fee or upon such lawful 
 trusts as may be agreed upon between the 
 donors thereof and said corporation, and to im- 
 prove the same; admission to which shall be 
 free to the public under such rules for the proper 
 protection thereof as said corporation may pre- 
 scribe, and which said property shall be exempt 
 from taxation, within the State of New York. 
 
 8. The affairs and business of said corpora- 
 tion shall.be conducted by a board of not less 
 than five nor more than thirty-rive Trustees, a 
 quorum of whom for the transaction of business 
 shall be fixed by the by-laws. The persons 
 now constituting the Board of Trustees of said 
 corporation shall continue to hold office until 
 others are elected in their stead, as provided by 
 the said by-laws. Vacancies in the Board of 
 Trustees may be filled in the manner prescribed 
 by the said by-laws. 
 
 14 
 
?: 4. None of the Trustees or members of said 
 corporation shall receive any compensation for 
 services, or be pecuniarily interested directly or 
 indirectly in any contract relating to the affairs 
 of said corporation, nor shall said corporation 
 make any dividend or division of its property 
 among its members, managers or officers. 
 
 § 5. The Board of Trustees shall annually, at 
 a time to be fixed by the by-laws, elect or ap- 
 point from their number the following officers: 
 a President, four Vice-Presidents, and Treas- 
 urer, who shall hold office for one year and until 
 their respective successors are elected or ap- 
 pointed, and shall perform such duties as are 
 provided by the by-laws. The Board of Trus- 
 tees may also appoint a Secretary and define 
 his duties, and shall have the power to manage, 
 transact, and conduct all business of the cor- 
 poration, to prescribe the terms of admission 
 of its members, and to appoint and fix the com- 
 pensation of, and remove its employes at pleas- 
 ure. The said coiporation shall have no capital 
 stock, and shall have no power to sell, mortgage, 
 or otherwise encumber any of its property. 
 
 6. Said corporation shall annually make to 
 the Legislature a statement of its affairs, and 
 from time to time report to the Legislature, by 
 bill or otherwise, such recommendations as are 
 pertinent to the objects for which it was cre- 
 ated, and may act jointly or otherwise with any 
 persons appointed by any other State for simi- 
 lar purposes as those intended to be accom- 
 plished by this act, whenever the object to be 
 secured or purpose sought to be accomplished 
 is within the jurisdiction of this and any other 
 State, or can only be attained by such joint 
 action. 
 
 7. This act shall take effect immediately. 
 
 15 
 
Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 
 Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library 
 
Fraunces' Tavern as it is to-day. 
 
The Landmark of Fraunces' Tavern 
 
 A RETROSPECT 
 
 READ DECEMBER 4, 1900, IN THE LONG ROOM OF THE TAVERN, ON THE 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH ANNIVERSARY OF 
 THE FAMOUS " FAREWELL" OF 1783 
 
 AT THE 
 
 FIRST PATRIOTIC REUNION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Women's Auxiliary 
 
 to the Society for the Preservation of Scenic and 
 Historic Places and Objects— (now the 
 American Scenic and Historic 
 Preservation Society) 
 
 BY 
 
 MRS. MELUSINA FAY PEIRCE 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE AUXILIARY 
 
 HON. ANDREW H. GREEN, PRESIDENT OF THE PARENT 
 SOCIETY, presiding 
 
 f>rintet> fot Distribution bs tbc TKflomen'0 BuxtUane 
 (Sccono fi&ition) 
 
A\ 
 Hi 
 
 Copyright, 1901, 
 by 
 
 Melusina Fay Peirce. 
 
Proposed Restoration of Fraunces' Tavern, as sketched 
 by The Brooklyn Eagle Art Department. 
 
OFFICERS 
 
 OF THE WOMEN'S AUXILIARY 
 
 TO APRIL, ipoi. 
 
 President, Mrs. Fay Peirce, 
 
 462 Lexington Ave., New York. 
 Vice-President, Mrs. William Brookfield, 
 
 51G Madison Ave., New York. 
 Recording Secretary, Mrs. Edward Emerson Watkrs, 
 
 108 West 43d St.. New York. 
 Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Virgil P. Humason, 
 
 574 Palisade Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 
 Treasurer, Mrs. James E. Pope, 
 
 73 Prospect St., East Orange, N. J. 
 Auditor, Mrs. John C. Marin, 
 
 Hotel Beresford, New York. 
 
 EXECUTIVE BOARD. 
 
 Miss Vanderpoel, Mrs. Stephen V. White, 
 
 Mrs. James W. Henning, Mrs. Washington A. Roebling, 
 
 Mrs. H. L. G. Deas, Mrs. Wm. Tod Helmuth, 
 
 Mrs. Frank C. Loveland, Mrs. John Francis Bitter, 
 
 Mrs. C. Vanderbilt Cross, Mrs. Emil L. Boas. 
 
 Mrs. Orange Ferriss. 
 
 ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 Mrs. Robert Hoe, 
 Mrs. Charles R. Flint, 
 Mrs. F. H. Bosworth, 
 Miss Julia Chester Wells. 
 
To 
 
 THE NEW YORK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 
 
 — in hope of enlisting its active iuterest for the immedi- 
 ate rescue of its long lowly, but ever illustrious 
 birthplace — the following "Retrospect" 
 concerning that birthplace is 
 respectfully dedicated by 
 
 THE WOMEN'S AUXILIARY 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Society for the Preservation of Scenic and 
 Historic Places and Objects. 
 
w 
 
 E 
 
 Map of the Proposed Small Park for Preserving 
 Fr amices 1 Tavern. 
 
THE LANDMARK OF FRAUNCES' TAVERN 
 
 A RETROSPECT 
 
 Mr. President, Gentlemen and Ladies : 
 
 The sketch I read you is based upon a brief but 
 interesting account of Fraunces' Tavern written 
 in 1894 by Mrs. Morris P. Ferris, Secretary of 
 the Daughters of the Cincinnati, which I have 
 greatly enlarged by gleanings from the valuable 
 "Half Moon Papers" upon Historic New York as 
 edited by Mrs. Robert Abbe, President of the 
 City History Club, and from "The Goede Vrouw 
 of Man-a-ha-ta," by Mrs. John King Van Kens- 
 salaer, and from two articles in Scribner's Maga- 
 zine for 1876 by the late John Miner (Felix Old- 
 boy), entitled "New York in the Revolution." — 
 I tell you the tale as by these authorities, chiefly, 
 it was told to me.* 
 
 * As printed, the paper is a "composite" from two read- 
 ings of it by the writer ; one as stated on the title page, 
 and a second before the Society for the Preservation of 
 Scenic and Historic Places and Objects, at its meeting on the 
 evening of December 21, 1900. 
 
 The map on the opposite page was prepared for President 
 Andrew H. Green of the Parent Society, by Lonis A. Kisse, 
 Esq., Chief Topographical Engineer of the Board of Public 
 Improvements, City of New York. No illustration is given 
 of Fraunces' Tavern as it really was, because no known pic- 
 ture of it in the eighteenth century exists. 
 
Some Landmarks of the Revolution. 
 
 In the three colonial cities which played leading 
 roles in the struggle for American Independence, 
 namely, Boston, New York and Philadelphia, 
 exist to our own day buildings so identified with 
 that struggle that they deserve to be preserved 
 to all time as among its priceless landmarks. In 
 Boston, such landmarks are Faneuil Hall and 
 the Old South Church; in Philadelphia they are 
 Independence Hall and the Betsy Boss Cottage 
 wherein was made the first American flag; and 
 in New York we have three — the Morris Man- 
 sion, in Harlem, associated with George Wash- 
 ington the General; St. Paul's Church, on 
 Broadway, associated with George Washington 
 the President; and Fraunces 1 Tavern, on the cor- 
 ner of Broad and Pearl streets, associated (as 
 I think we ought to feel) with George Washing- 
 ton the Christian. 
 
 Faneuil Hall, the so-called Cradle of Liberty, 
 is and always has been safe to stand while 
 Boston stands. Twenty-five years ago the Old 
 South Church on costly Washington street was 
 rescued from destruction by the herculean ef- 
 fort of united Boston womanhood. Very lately 
 the patriotic men and women of Philadelphia 
 have restored their sturdy Independence Hall 
 as it was in Independence days down to the 
 minutest details, and the little "Flag House," 
 on Arch street, is being bought by ten-cent sub- 
 scriptions from all over the country. St. Paul's 
 
 8 
 
Church, on Broadway, whither Washington 
 went to worship immediately after his inaugura- 
 tion as President, and where he had a pew dur- 
 ing his presidential residence in New York, under 
 the aegis of the great endowment of Trinity 
 parish, is equally safe from the tooth of time 
 and the maw of commerce. The Morris Mansion 
 which was Washington's headquarters in Sep- 
 tember, 177G — this beautiful colonial home, with 
 the sloping lawn about it, through the persever- 
 ing entreaties of our own joint Societies and 
 other patriotic bodies, is soon to be taken into the 
 New York system of small parks and will con- 
 tinue to dominate the landscape in the future 
 as it has done in the past. But what about 
 Fraunces' Tavern — the third of New York's re- 
 maining landmarks of the American Revolution? 
 
 Fraunces 1 Tavern to-day, and the Plan to save It. 
 
 In the American schools of fifty or sixty years 
 ago the pupils were all taught that at the close 
 of the War for Independence, the great and only 
 Washington — the triumphant leader of the 
 American armies — just before resigning his com- 
 mission as Commander-in-Chief to the Congress 
 at Annapolis, bade farewell to the generals and 
 aides of those armies in the "Long Room" of 
 Fraunces' Tavern, New York. In many a childish 
 mind, therefore, this tavern remained marked 
 with a "big, big T," and great was the surprise 
 
 9 
 
and pleasure of the writer in learning one day 
 in the "eighties" that it was still standing. 
 
 During the mayoralty of the noble and en- 
 lightened Mr. Hewitt, and owing to his influence, 
 a law had been passed obliging the then New 
 York to spend a million dollars a year in play- 
 grounds and small parks. It was after the enact- 
 ment of this law that the writer first made her 
 way to the famous building, and the actual vision 
 of it as the shabby old corner number in a shabby 
 old five-story block — no outline of its original 
 shape discernible — its once tap-room lowered to 
 the sidewalk level and serving as a common sa- 
 loon — the sacred Long Room on the second floor 
 transformed by the removal of a partition from 
 a shut-in parallelogram to an open L, used as 
 a cheap restaurant for foreign men of foreign 
 tongue and otherwise bitterly changed and dis- 
 figured — this sad and sordid and disgraceful 
 sight brought at once the thought that the very 
 first small park to be created under the Hewitt 
 law ought to be the small, the very small block 
 on which Fraunces' Tavern stands ; that of its old 
 buildings only the tavern should be left; that 
 the latter should be restored as nearly as possi- 
 ble to what it was in Washington's day; that 
 portraits of the heroes who met in farewell in 
 the Long Room should be placed in that room 
 and the rest of the building reserved as a 
 Revolutionary and Colonial Museum; that 
 revolutionary cannon should be placed in the 
 
 10 
 
proposed small park with two United States 
 soldiers in Continental uniform to mount 
 guard there daily, and that the school 
 children of New York should be taken thither 
 once each in their school lives as the children 
 in Boston are taken to the Old South Church, 
 then and there to be told the history of the tav- 
 ern as the most vivid object lesson in American 
 patriotism that could be devised. 
 
 The formidable obstacle in the way of this 
 plan is, of course the great cost of the land on 
 Broad street ; nevertheless, at a tea given in the 
 Long Room of the tavern in 1894 by the New 
 York City Chapter, D. A. R., the audacious 
 scheme was unfolded and much Chapter en- 
 thusiasm was aroused. Nothing came of it, 
 however, until an officer of that Chapter who 
 was present, Miss Mary Van Buren Vander- 
 poel, was made by her D. A. R. friends the Re- 
 gent of the Mary Washington Colonial Chap- 
 ter of New York, organized in 1896. She, 
 true "Daughter" of the American Revolution 
 that she is, remembered Fraunces' Tavern and 
 appointed a Standing Committee in her Chap- 
 ter to agitate for its preservation. The commit- 
 tee adopted the small park proposition as its 
 own, and from May, 1897, to January, 1900, 
 it knocked at one influential door after another, 
 hoping to secure powerful backing before ven- 
 turing to appeal for the plan to the City authori- 
 ties — but knocked in vain ! 
 
 li 
 
A Saviour far th? Tavern, 
 
 in January, 1900, made desperate by a report 
 that the tavern was soon to be lorn down to 
 make way for a sky-scraper, the distinguished 
 Founder and President of the Society for the 
 Preservation of Scenic and Historic Places and 
 Objects — the Hon. Andrew EL Green, eminent 
 citizen of large horizons, noble aims and monu- 
 mental achievements — was appealed to to take 
 the lead in saving Framices' Tavern. President 
 Green inclined a sympathetic ear; further nego- 
 tiation between himself and the Fraunces Tavern 
 Committee of the Mary Washington Colonial 
 Chapter resulted, the Trustees of his Society con- 
 senting: — first, in the expansion of the Com- 
 mittee into the first organized "Auxiliary" of a 
 Society designed and destined to become Na- 
 tional; second, in the recognition in the Report 
 for 1900 of that Society to the Legislature at 
 Albany, of the aspiration and organization of 
 "public-spirited women" in behalf of Fraunces' 
 Tavern. 
 
 It may be objected : — "Why go to the great 
 expense of a small park on Broad street? Why 
 not simply save and restore the tavern itself?" 
 
 We answer: — First, because the owner of the 
 tavern positively refuses to sell it, and the only 
 way to get it is through condemnation of the 
 block by the city or State for park purposes; sec- 
 ond, because Broad street is destined to become 
 an avenue of brobdingnagian business buildings, 
 
 12 
 
and how would an old three-story, hip-roofed 
 relic look if surrounded by arrogant modern 
 sky-scrapers? — whereas, established and re- 
 stored upon a greensward of its own, with the 
 open land already at the east of the block thrown 
 into it (this same land being itself a portion 
 of the very earliest settled in the city), modern 
 New York would possess a reminder of her 
 American past not only deeply interesting as 
 such, but potently inspiring also toward an 
 equally American future. 
 
 Do some still sigh and say: "If only it were 
 not a tavern ! If the 'Farewell' had only taken 
 place in some higher type of dwelling! How 
 difficult to associate sentiment with a public 
 tavern !" 
 
 But why not a "tavern?" The splendid bay 
 of New York, as the chief port of entry between 
 the Old World and the New, marked out the City 
 of New York as a, predestined queen of com- 
 merce. Where there is commerce, there also is 
 travel and also, of first necessity, the house of 
 public entertainment. From its foundation until 
 now New York has been perforce the special town 
 of inns, taverns, coffee-houses, restaurants and 
 hotels. Nay, the original City Hall or "Stadt 
 Huys" of New Amsterdam, whose site was but 
 diagonally across the way from that of our land- 
 mark, was first built for and used as, a tav- 
 ern! So far, therefore, from ignoring Fraunees' 
 Tavern for being a tavern, New York should all 
 
 13 
 
the more, and in sheer self-respect as a great 
 trading city, restore and cherish this long mal- 
 treated witness to a unique and immortal event. 
 
 Even aside from its one supreme memory, of 
 all buildings of the colonial period in New York, 
 I think none — save the beautiful City (later Fed- 
 eral) Hall on whose balcony Washington was in- 
 augurated and which New York so inexcusably 
 suffered to be demolished — so worthy of tender 
 and loving preservation as this same neglected 
 inn. 
 
 For the life-thread of its site runs brightly 
 back almost to the beginnings of the city, and the 
 experience of its walls has struck almost every 
 tone in the wide gamut of the city's social, com- 
 mercial, civic and political career. 
 
 Its Earh/ Owners. 
 Among the founders of the colony were Cap- 
 tain Oloff StephanusVan Cortlandt and his wife, 
 Ann Lockermans. The good man established a 
 home and a large brewery in Brouwer street, 
 where the dust raised by his great wagons so 
 vexed the neat housewifery of his "goede vrouw" 
 that she begged him to lay a stone pavement 
 before their property. This being done, people 
 came to look at it as a curiosity and renamed 
 the little street "Stone Street,"* — so remaining 
 to this day, and thus commemorating the fact 
 that to Madam Van Cortlandt the first, a "mere 
 woman," New York owed its first stone pave- 
 ment. 
 
 ♦Now the southern boundary of the Produce Exchange. 
 
 14 
 
Their son, Colonel Stephen Van Cortlandt, as 
 he came to be, put up a cottage not far off, on 
 the corner of Broad and Dock, later Queen and 
 now Pearl street, and hither brought his bride, 
 Gertrude Schuyler, in 1671. In 1700, perhaps 
 because he wished to end his days as "Lord" of 
 his vast Van Cortlandt Manor on the Hudson, 
 he deeded this then but village property* to his 
 son-in-law, Etienne or Stephen De Lancey, a 
 French Huguenot nobleman and an enterprising 
 merchant. Perhaps the two owned together a 
 warehouse on the wet dock back of the cottage, 
 for what is "Water street" now was real water 
 then, and two great sea basins had been enclosed 
 there for the better loading and unloading of ves- 
 sels. 
 
 If the De Lancey pair kept house in the pater- 
 nal cottage it was not for long, for early in the 
 century the able Huguenot built upon its site a 
 hip-roofed mansion of several stories, which 
 ranked in size and importance with any at that 
 period in the colony. It was constructed of 
 small yellow bricks brought from Holland, and 
 was probably roofed with tiles of Dutch make 
 also. Beneath its gable front and five windows 
 on Dock street was the main doorway, and doubt- 
 less it boasted a back veranda overlooking the 
 shipping of the sparkling bay. I like to fancy it, 
 not square, as it seems to be to-day, but with the 
 
 *In 1700 New York counted but 4,400 population. 
 
 15 
 
usual L and outbuildings stretching amply be- 
 hind to a warehouse on the docli full of the De 
 Lancey importations— with box-bordered flower 
 beds and beds of vegetables at the side, and as 
 years went on, with pleasant trees grown to the 
 height Of the red roof, Which; after the colonial 
 fashion, certainly oughl to have been and prob- 
 ably was, broken by dormer windows and sur- 
 rounded by a balusl rade. 
 
 A Home of Colonial Fashion. 
 
 Colonist Stephen De Lancey proved a model 
 citizen in every sense of the word. Strenuous and 
 successful in business, he devoutly upheld re- 
 ligion both in the French Huguenol and English 
 Trinity churches, and was equally earnest and 
 faithful in filling public office. In evidence of his 
 public spirit, we may mention his turning over 
 the check of £50 which he had received as assem- 
 blyman, as purchase money for a cupola with 
 clock and four large dials for the new City Hall 
 on Wall street at the head of Broad. He and his 
 wife naturally became prominent among the 
 financial and social leaders of New York, and it 
 is said that no hostess was more hospitable, gra- 
 cious or popular than Madam Stephen De Lan- 
 cey. 
 
 Her house, like the surface of a fan to its 
 pivot, was central to almost every person and 
 interest of importance in the compact little 
 place. The White Hall or Government House, 
 
 16 
 
the Fort, the Barracks, the Battery and 
 the Bowling Green were close on the left; at 
 the rear were the two ship basins with the 
 Royal Exchange and the Exchange Coffee House 
 between them; diagonally across Broad street 
 was the favorite King's Arms tavern, and a 
 few blocks above was the home of the social 
 magnate, Mrs. James Alexander, who as the 
 Widow Provoost had been the first person 
 in New York to lay down a sidewalk. Her 
 Broad street warehouses being somewhat aside 
 from the stream of traffic, she shrewdly placed 
 a pavement in front of them and also for a 
 little way up and down an adjoining street, 
 so that customers might be attracted to her 
 through relief from the all-prevailing mud. 
 On the neighboring William street were the 
 Dutch Church and the aristocratic Black Horse 
 Tavern, while on the northeastward curve up the 
 Island were the old "Stadt Huys," with ware- 
 houses and shops and markets and wharves, 
 and the Long Island Ferry. On Wall street, at 
 the top of Broad, was the new City Hall, in whose 
 vicinity the English, the French and the Second 
 Dutch churches had reared their spires and their 
 worshippers had planted their homes. 
 
 What was the internal arrangement of Madam 
 de Lancey's most accessible mansion we can only 
 surmise; but if its five tiny-paned windows on 
 Broad street meant on either floor one large 
 drawing room or two lesser ones opening into 
 
 17 
 
each other, the farthingales of the belles and the 
 dress-swords of the military beaux had therein 
 ample room both for the sweeping bows and cour- 
 tesies of the Stately minuet and for the jolly all- 
 hands-round of the livelier measures. II is said 
 that "dances generally began at five o'clock in the 
 evening, and for young people to be abroad at a 
 private party after nine o'clock was an excep- 
 tion at which society frowned." 
 
 One wedding may have been celebrated within 
 this drawing room as "awfully swell" in its day 
 as some of the international nuptials of our own 
 — being nothing less than the marriage of Mrs. 
 Stephen's youthful daughter, Miss Susannah De 
 Lancey, to a naval officer whose epitaph in West- 
 minster Abbey, written by the renowned Dr. 
 Samuel Johnson, records him as having been 
 Knight of the Bath, Vice- Admiral of the Bed 
 Squadron of the British Fleet, and member of 
 Parliament for the City and Liberty of Westmin- 
 ster — and furthermore, that he came from "an 
 antient Irish family." As a dashing young cap- 
 tain, this Sir Peter Warren had been left in com- 
 mand of a squadron of sixteen sail on the Lee- 
 ward Islands, and in less than four months he 
 had taken twenty-four prizes, one of them a 
 plate-ship valued at the then enormous sum of a 
 quarter million pounds. 
 
 Bringing these prizes to New York to be con- 
 demned, Messieurs Stephen de Lancey & Co. 
 became his agents for the sale of his French 
 
 18 
 
and Spanish loot. The brilliant captor was 
 himself soon captured by Stephen's charm- 
 ing daughter, and she in turn surrendering, — 
 instead of setting sail at once with his bride 
 for the other side as do our modern trans-oceanic 
 lovers, the gallant bridegroom purchased an es- 
 tate of three hundred acres along the Hud- 
 son in what became the hamlet of Greenwich, 
 only three miles away, laid out a park in the 
 English manner, and made the ideal spot, 
 then the most beautiful on Manhattan Island, 
 his home until his election to Parliament some 
 years after. The family then removed to Eng- 
 land and Lady Warren never returned to her 
 native land. Her daughters grew up beauties, 
 and being heiresses besides, made brilliant mar- 
 riages — one becoming Countess of Abingdon, an- 
 other Lady Fitzroy, Baroness of Southampton, 
 and the third Mrs. Colonel Skinner. As the city 
 extended, streets were cut through Sir Peter's 
 estate and named respectively Warren, Abing- 
 don, Fitzroy and Skinner streets, though of these 
 only Warren street and Abingdon Square re- 
 main as echoes faint and far of Susannah De 
 Lancey's— Lady Warren's — high colonial pres- 
 tige. 
 
 A General Store. 
 
 Stephen De Lancey's early home descended 
 through his son James (a colonial Judge and 
 Acting-Governor whose delightful Broadway res- 
 
 19 
 
idence was also IraiH by Stephen), to his grand- 
 BOD Oliver. The latter, too aristocratic to live in 
 what had now become a business neighborhood, 
 leased it to a partner in the firm, Colonel Jos- 
 eph Robinson, and when the latter died, in 1757, 
 "De Lancey, Robinson & Co." announced that 
 they had "moved their store into Colonel Robin- 
 son's late dwelling next to the Royal Exchange, 
 "and should there continue to sell all sorts of 
 "European and East India goods— shoes, shirts, 
 "white and checked, for the army, with a variety 
 "of other goods." The firm continued their busi- 
 ness here until 1701, but on January 15th, 1702, 
 the roomy mansion passed by deed into the pos- 
 session of the favorite Boniface of the day— of 
 that "Samuel Fraunces" with whose patriotic 
 name it was to become so imperishably asso- 
 ciated. 
 
 Enter "Sam" Fraunces. 
 This new owner was a West Indian, and 
 though, from the swarthiness of his complexion, 
 commonlv called "Black Sam," he was of French 
 extraction. Swinging out an effigy of Queen 
 Charlotte he named his inn the Queen's Head— 
 probably as being appropriate to its location on 
 Queen street— and announced that "dinner 
 would be served daily at half-past one"— doubt- 
 less the then fashionable limit. For three years 
 he remained head of the Queen's Head, and then, 
 being a restless and enterprising genius, he leased 
 it to one John Jones, in order himself to take 
 
 20 
 
charge of the popular Vauxhall Gardens on the 
 Hudson, south of Sir Peter Warren's place. Here 
 he opened a museum of wax figures and other 
 curiosities, and served hot rolls, meat, sausages, 
 tea, coffee and other drinkables to the citizens 
 with their wives and to the beaux with the 
 belles who drove out there, mostly in chaises, on 
 pleasant afternoons. 
 
 After a year John Jones resigned the Queen's 
 Head to Bolton & Sigel, who advertised ''din- 
 ners and public entertainments at the shortest 
 notice, jellies in the greatest perfection, and rich 
 and plain cakes sold by the weight." They as- 
 sured "gentlemen" that they might "depend upon 
 receiving the best of usage," and doubtless as a 
 bait to the late-rising officers at the barracks 
 nearby, promised "breakfast in readiness from 
 9 to 11 o'clock." 
 
 It was during their occupancy that the New 
 York Chamber of Commerce, to-day the most 
 potent body of men on the western hemisphere, 
 was organized in April, 1768, in the "Long 
 Room" of the Queen's Head, with twenty-four 
 importers for members, and John Cruger for 
 president. For the accommodation of banquets, 
 balls, citizens' meetings and social clubs gener- 
 ally, all important taverns had their "long 
 rooms" — so-called in imitation of the Indian 
 usage which named the large lodge in each vil- 
 lage in which were held the tribal councils and 
 feasts, the "Long Room." 
 
 21 
 
In 1769, of the two hosts of the Queen's Head 
 we find Richard Bolton alone soliciting the favor 
 of (he public, but in 1770 Sam Fraunces went 
 back to his own again, and inaugurated at the 
 Queen's Head the brilliant regime which marked, 
 him to all time as the pioneer and peer of a 
 unique and important type in our American civi- 
 lization — the affable, executive, money-making, 
 yet manly and patriotic American Hotel-keeper. 
 
 The acknowledged cordon hi en in cookery and 
 the first connoisseur in wines of his little city, in 
 his newspaper announcement the owner of the 
 property "flatters himself that the public are so 
 well satisfied of his ability to serve them, as 
 to render the swelling of an advertisement use- 
 less." He merely states, therefore, that "the 
 Queen's Head is now fitting up in the most gen- 
 teel and convenient manner for the reception and 
 entertainment of those gentlemen, ladies and 
 others who may favor him with their company," 
 and that he "will serve dinners and suppers not 
 only to lodgers, but to those who live at a con- 
 venient distance." Nor is he devoted to supply- 
 ing creature comforts alone. He also opens his 
 Long Room to what he calls "the Polite and 
 Rational Amusement of Philosophical Lectures 
 on the Nature, Use and Effects of the Air, tickets 
 for which are on sale both at the Queen's Head 
 and the publisher's." 
 
 A Hotbed of Rebellion. 
 
 The so-called Social Club met here every Sat- 
 urday night to praise Black Sam's cider, madeira, 
 
 22 
 
old port, spirits, ales and punches, and we may 
 be sure that besides their drinking, card-play- 
 ing and gossip they argued mightily together 
 over the burning manhood question of the day — 
 the question of Taxation without Representation. 
 In the club were many loyalists, but patriots 
 like John Jay, Gouverneur Morris, Morgan 
 Lewis, Robert Livingston, Samuel Verplanck, 
 and others, were also members — and from these 
 daring and dauntless thinkers Sam Fraunces 
 perhaps imbibed his own ardent Americanism. 
 As the troubles between king and colonies waxed 
 more and more angrily to a head, his tavern be- 
 came the head-quarters of rebellion against the 
 crown and a favorite meeting-place of the active 
 malcontents. The blood of the Sons of Liberty 
 of New York had been shed by the British sol- 
 diers two months before the Boston massacre 
 which so infuriated New England, and when 
 united Boston ventured her great Tea Party in 
 December, 1773, the Sons of Liberty followed 
 suit the next April with a New York little one. 
 
 Hearing that a ship was in port having on 
 board eighteen chests of the hated commodity, 
 the Sons met "at Sam Fraunces' Tavern/' and 
 from thence went straight to the offending ves- 
 sel. In open daylight they seized and threw the 
 tea into the bay, and bade the captain recross 
 the Atlantic without delay. He obediently 
 hoisted sail so to do, and while he dropped down 
 the Narrows, they made all speed to their Liberty 
 Pole on the Commons— the fourth they had 
 
 23 
 
raised there in defiance of I he Bang's I roops — ran 
 their flag to its top, and from their cannon at 
 its foot roared out a salute over the poor 
 captain's discomfiture and their own patriotic 
 daring. 
 
 In 177."), die famous "Committee of Correspon- 
 dence" between the colonics met for organization 
 at "Praiinces'." The same year a party of King's 
 College students, led by Alexander Hamilton,, 
 weni by night with some rebel soldiers to 1 he Bat- 
 tery, near Bowling <lreen, secured the guns and 
 ammunition of the grand battery connected with 
 the fort there, and fired on a government barge 
 that was watching them. His Majesty's ship 
 Asia, which was anchored in the bay, at once 
 replied with a broadside aimed, to the honor of 
 Sam Fraunces be it said, at the Queen's Head as 
 the special gathering place of the rebels. An 
 eighteen-pound ball pierced its roof and another 
 struck close by, — the former being treasured and 
 shown with pride in the tavern as late as 1894 as 
 one of the only two hostile shot that had ever 
 touched New York ! 
 
 After driving the British out of Boston in 
 1776, Washington hastened to New York in hope 
 of preventing Lord Howe and his 30,000 on-com- 
 ing troops from occupying it. In various head- 
 quarters, among them the Queen's Head, Rich- 
 mond Hill, and the Morris (later the Jumel) 
 mansion, he remained on Manhattan Island for 
 many anxious months, during which, though no 
 
 24 
 
rich loyalists were despoiled by the needy colo- 
 nials, he himself came near losing his life. A Brit- 
 ish deserter named Hickey was one of his body- 
 guard, and had made himself a favorite at the 
 Richmond Hill headquarters, where Sam Fraun- 
 ces' daughter, Phcebe, was in charge of the house- 
 keeping. Hickey was in a plot with the tory 
 major, Matthews, and the royalist governor, 
 Tryon, to poison Washington, but being desper- 
 ately in love with Phcebe Fraunces, and perhaps 
 needing her connivance, he revealed to her his 
 awful scheme. She promptly told her father. 
 Hickey was arrested, and confessing his guilt, he 
 was hanged at the corner of Grand and Christie 
 streets in presence of 20,000 people. For this 
 measureless service should not true Phoebe some 
 day have a tablet on the wall of her father's 
 tavern? 
 
 That father was now enrolled as a private 
 in Colonel Malcolm's regiment, one of the sixteen 
 commanded by Washington himself, and when 
 those untrained, un-uniformed and half-armed 
 troops, in spite of Washington's passionate ap- 
 peal to them to "conquer or die" — after a first 
 reverse on Long Island and then a second at 
 what is now the Thirty-fourth Street Ferry — 
 rushed from the pursuing red-coats up the leafy 
 lanes of Manhattan Island to Harlem, the patriot 
 Fraunces fled, too, with General Putnam's di- 
 vision. Throughout the Revolution the Queen's 
 Head, doubtless to the joy of its now intensely 
 
 25 
 
torv ex ow ner, Oliver De Lancey — was occupied 
 by British officers, nor did Sam Fraunces venture 
 to return to his own inn again until seven long 
 years ]i;i<1 rolled by, and the British were about 
 to evacuate New York. 
 
 Evacuation Day. 
 
 Oh, what a delirious day of ecstatic triumph 
 to patriotic New Yorkers was that sunny Tues- 
 day, the 25th of November, 1783, which saw the 
 burnished and scarlet-coated soldiers of King 
 George of England tramp sullenly along the Bos- 
 ton Road and Broadway to their boats, while the 
 exultant "continentals/' in their "ragged regi- 
 mentals," were marching joyously down from the 
 north into the little war-worn city whose com- 
 merce was gone, its trees cut down for fire-wood, 
 its homes and churches desecrated, and one- 
 eighth of its buildings long since destroyed by 
 fire. And of all those wildly throbbing hearts 
 surely none could have been more bursting with 
 love, joy and pride than that of Sam Fraunces; 
 for where was the adored Washington to put 
 up for the night but at the Queen's Head, and 
 who was in charge of the grand banquet to be 
 given there by Governor Clinton to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief and the French Ambassador 
 Luzerne, after the triumphal entry, but Black 
 Sam himself, the Delmonico of his day, and 
 who, of course, could not have been with his regi- 
 
 26 
 
ment during the entry, because he must have 
 been rushing the arrangements for the occasion 
 which was the grand climax of his life! Can 
 we not fancy the viands he prepared, the punch 
 he brewed, the vintages he selected, and then 
 see him stand behind Washington's chair watch- 
 ing how he was served and allowing no one but 
 himself to keep the chief's wine glasses replen- 
 ished? More than a hundred generals, officers 
 and distinguished civilians sat down to table in 
 the Long Room with Governor Clinton and his 
 guests of honor, — an observer noting that Wash- 
 ington "looked considerably worn-out, but hap- 
 py," — and after the banquet thirteen toasts 
 were given, the first being, "The United 
 States of America," the thirteenth, "May This 
 Day be a Lesson to Princes !" 
 
 In the evening the Queen's Head, with the 
 whole city, was brightly illuminated. Bonfires 
 blazed at every corner, and as their contribution 
 to the general joy, Washington and the French 
 Ambassador superintended a , display of fire 
 works on the near-by Bowling Green. 
 
 The "Farewell" 
 
 From the date of the Evacuation the "Queen's 
 Head" on Queen street becomes "Fraunces' Tav- 
 ern" on Pearl street, and it was ten days after 
 this that within its walls, on Thursday, De- 
 cember 4, 1783, Washington and his generals and 
 aides met for the last time as fellow-soldiers in 
 
 27 
 
the Revolutionary Army. To the deeply Chris 
 tian Washington, war was but a means to an 
 end. lie had accepted the supreme command not 
 in order to "be greatest" among his American 
 brethren, but to help them achieve American In- 
 dependence. The stupendous undertaking ac- 
 complished, he was now going before Congress 
 to surrender his coin mission and return to what 
 he held as infinitely nobler and greater than the 
 art of war — to the beautiful and beneficent art 
 of agriculture; for Washington, be it remem- 
 bered, while the greatest general, was also the 
 most skillful, scientific and extensive farmer of 
 his time 1 — his very name, "George," in fact, sig- 
 nifying "a husbandman !" 
 
 No complete list is extant as to who were 
 present at the memorable Farewell, but it is 
 believed that they numbered forty-four, among 
 them being the famous Generals Greene, Knox, 
 Wayne, Steuben, Carroll, Lincoln, Kosciusko, 
 Moultrie, Gates, Lee, Putnam, Stark, Hamilton, 
 Governor Clinton, Colonels Tallmadge, Hum- 
 phreys, Fish, and twenty-seven others. 
 
 The "Long Room" is on the second story of the 
 tavern. Its measure was thirty-eight by nineteen 
 feet — five windows on Broad and two on Pearl 
 street, and as so grand a banquet had recently 
 taken place there, I think we may surmise it 
 to have been comfortably curtained and perhaps 
 carpeted. Being December, and the snow prob- 
 ably deep on the ground, a great wood fire must 
 
 28 
 
have been blazing on the hearth, and to complete 
 the picture we must see at the top of the room a 
 table with decanters and many wine glasses. 
 
 It is said that Washington rode on horseback 
 to the tavern, where were gathered in the street 
 many veterans of his armies, and Colonel Tall- 
 madge, one of his favorite aides, thus describes 
 what followed : 
 
 "We had been assembled but a few minutes 
 when his Excellency entered the room. His emo- 
 tion, too strong to be concealed, seemed to be re- 
 ciprocated by every officer present. After par- 
 taking of a slight refreshment amid almost 
 breathless silence, the General filled his glass 
 with wine and turning to his officers said : 'With 
 a heart full of love and gratitude I must now 
 take my leave of you. I most devoutly wish that 
 your latter days may be as prosperous and happy 
 as your former ones have been glorious and 
 honorable.' After the officers had taken a glass 
 of wine, the General added : 'J cannot come to 
 each of you to take my leave,* but shall be 
 obliged to you if each will come and take me by 
 the hand.' 
 
 "General Knox, being nearest to him, turned 
 to the Commander-in-Chief, who, suffused in 
 tears, was incapable of utterance, but grasped 
 his hand, when they embraced each other in si- 
 lence. In the same affectionate manner every 
 
 ♦Military etiquette forbade this, as he was still their 
 superior officer. 
 
officer in the room marched up to, kissed and 
 parted with his General-in-Chief. Such a scene 
 of sorrow and weeping I had never before wit- 
 nessed, and hope I may never be called upon to 
 witness again. Not a word was uttered to break 
 the solemn silence (hat prevailed, or to interrupt 
 the tenderness of the occasion. The simple 
 thought that we were about to part forever from 
 the man who had led us through a long and 
 bloody war, and under whose conduct the glory 
 and independence of our country had been 
 achieved, and that we should see his face no more 
 in this world, seemed to me insupportable. But 
 the time of separation hud come, and waving his 
 hand to his grieving children around him, he 
 left the room, and passing through a corps of 
 light infantry who were paraded to receive him, 
 he walked silently on to Whitehall Ferry, where 
 a barge was in waiting. We all followed in 
 mournful silence to the wharf, where a pro- 
 digious crowd had assembled to witness the de- 
 parture of the man who, under God, had been the 
 great instrument of establishing the glory and 
 independence of these United States. As soon 
 as he was seated, the barge put off in the river, 
 and when out in the stream our great and be- 
 loved General waved his hat and bade us a silent 
 adieu." 
 
 "Happy as was the occasion," wrote an officer 
 afterward; "prayed for as it had been by him 
 and all patriots, that we might at last feel there 
 
 30 
 
was no enemy left in America, the triumph 
 brought with it its sorrows, and I could hardly 
 speak when I turned from taking my last look of 
 him. It was extremely affecting, and I do not 
 think there were ever so many broken hearts in 
 New York as there were that night !" 
 
 Thus did Washington, with his matchless 
 sense of the real relations, and hence of the true 
 fitness of things, exquisitely and poetically close 
 the world-drama of the American Revolution and 
 unconsciously lift the small and plain "Long 
 Room" of Fraunces' Tavern into the shining 
 galaxy of eternally venerable and memorable 
 places; and as after a tremendous tempest the 
 ocean in a soft ripple kisses a good-night to the 
 sands which but lately saw it sweeping in awful 
 and resistless grandeur, — so in that silent good- 
 bye kiss to each fellow officer, did this mighty 
 nature dismiss what President McKinley has 
 admirably called its u vast and varied" powers 
 back to their hidden depths, then tranquilly 
 subside to its former quiet guise of Virginia citi- 
 zen and gentleman. 
 
 To the nation the thrilling value of old Fraun- 
 ces' Tavern consists in the facts that at one and 
 the same hour were assembled within its prin- 
 cipal room nearly all of the greatest military 
 leaders of the American Revolution; that their 
 meeting there was the last scene of that Revo- 
 lution; and that Washington then and there 
 founded the American principle of rotation in 
 
 31 
 
office by practically divesting himself in their 
 presence of his super-eminent distinction of 
 Commander-in-Chief of the American Armies 
 — an example which lie was to repeat and re- 
 inforce in later years by refusing a third nomi- 
 nation to the Presidency. The very life of the 
 Republic is bound up in this principle. It was 
 new to human annals as to human nature, and 
 it was one, though but one, of Washington's ex- 
 traordinary contributions to ;i higher ideal of 
 Christian, because self-effacing, statesmanship 
 than ever had been reached before. 
 
 Regarding this "Farewell," an enthusiast of 
 more than thirty ye ns ago declared that no 
 monument to Washington's glory in the city of 
 New York could equal the historic witness of 
 Fraunces' Tavern, and that no lesson in the past 
 could so abash and convert a demagogue of the 
 future as the mere entrance into its Long Room. 
 "Let the tavern," he exclaimed, "be forever pre- 
 served as the Mecca of American Patriotism !" 
 ♦ #*♦*** 
 
 Washington at last had really left the small 
 seaport on the lordly bay about which, as "the 
 storm-center of the Revolution," he had pa- 
 tiently hovered on north, on west, or on south, 
 through good and through evil fortune, for more 
 than seven long, arduous, home-sick years — hav- 
 ing only once in all those years revisited his be- 
 loved Mount Vernon. Little did he dream in 1783, 
 as he went on foot to sl New York ferry amid silent 
 
 32 
 
and sorrowing followers, that in less than seven 
 years he should walk from a New York ferry 
 amid cheering and exulting crowds as the unani- 
 mously elected First President of the United 
 States of America, come to take in hand the 
 helm of state and start the noble ship across the 
 vast unknown sea of Christian Democracy. He 
 had consented to take the presidency only on the 
 same terms as he had the generalship of the army 
 — namely, that he should be reimbursed for his 
 living expenses while in office, but not for his 
 services. 
 
 To this fact we doubtless owe the last appear- 
 ance of Sam Fraunces on the historic page. 
 
 Exit "Sam" Fraunces. 
 
 After the Evacuation, though his tavern con- 
 tinued in foremost favor and was the scene of va- 
 rious banquets and festivities in honor of the 
 infant Republic which had come to take its place 
 among the nations of the earth, in 1785 its ener- 
 getic but changeable owner sold it, and in 1789, 
 as the person best fitted for the office, he was 
 made the steward of Washington's presidential 
 household. One day he placed before the Chief 
 a fine shad from the first catch of the season. The 
 latter inquired the price. "Three dollars," re- 
 plied the steward. "Take it away!" returned 
 Washington, scandalized; "it shall never be 
 said that the President indulges in luxuries 
 so expensive as this." Yet it is on record 
 
 33 
 
that through this same Steward Fraunces the 
 President's (able was supplied with madeira, 
 claret, champagne, sherry, arrack, spirits, 
 brandy, cordials, porter, beer and cider. 
 "Other times, other manners." Thongh himself 
 the most temperate of men, the universal drink- 
 ing and toasting of Washington's day made these 
 among the necessities of a high-class household, 
 and therefore permissible to be paid for out of 
 the public money; an "early" shad was not. 
 
 Fhai ncks' Tavkkn has never lost the name of 
 its patriotic owner, and from the day when he 
 first swung out its first sign, one hundred and 
 thirty-eight years ago, down to our own, it has 
 been open continuously as a house of public 
 entertainment — facts, in the universal transfor- 
 mation of old New York which has taken place 
 all about it, hardly less remarkable than the 
 more brilliant points of its exceptional story. 
 For half a century after the Revolution it held 
 its own among the best caravanseries of the town, 
 and after the great New York fire of 1835 it was 
 leased by a popular hotel-keeper, Mr. John Gard- 
 ner, who had been burned out. His nephew 7 , the 
 Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, was born there, and an 
 elderly gentleman remembers being taken there 
 as a child to see Fanny Ellsler dance in the Long 
 Room before a fashionable company. Since the 
 fifties, however, the tavern has dropped from 
 one unkindly level to another, until now it is the 
 pitiful and painful tragedy that we see. 
 
 34 
 
Closi ng Con si tier a lions. 
 
 Since the passage of the small park law of 
 New York, millions have been spent to open 
 "breathing places" for the people — their cost va- 
 rying from a quarter of a million to a million and 
 a quarter of dollars each — and in the case of the 
 last opened, the Hamilton Fish Park on Houston 
 street, to over three millions of dollars*; but 
 hardly one has been chosen with regard to New 
 York or American history. Certainly no one has 
 thought of Fraunces' Tavern — and yet, as was 
 said in the last annual report of the Scenic Pre- 
 servation Society with reference to the Morris 
 Mansion — "Preserved for a historic memorial, 
 even as a teacher it would be worth a hundred 
 thousand times its cost in dollars and cents." 
 
 Strange that the intimate claims of Fraunces' 
 Tavern upon the tenderness and gratitude of 
 New York seem to have been forgotten by the 
 two important families whose first homestead 
 it was! Strange that the tavern seems forgot- 
 ten by the great importers of New York, an emi- 
 nent firm of whose predecessors once kept gen- 
 eral store within it! Strange that it seems for- 
 gotten by the patriotic company of American 
 hotel-keepers, the leading forerunner of whom 
 was the genial, the popular, the liberty-loving 
 Sam Faunces ! Strange that it is ignored by the 
 
 *So stated, August 23, 1900, in the Chicago Record, by its 
 famous staff correspondent, "William E. Curtis (the figures 
 being $3, 045, 464). 
 
 35 
 
mighty giant whose birth-cradle it was — by that 
 Chamber of Commerce the enterprises of whose 
 fifteen hundred millionaires girdle and network 
 the globe, and who, in the human sense, have but 
 to speak and it is done! Strange, above all, that 
 it seems forgotten by the Army of the United 
 States, though the creator and first commander 
 of that army, having served his country without 
 pay, in the presence of weeping generals therein 
 laid on the altar of that country his high and 
 coveted distinction ! But, oh ! amid so much that 
 she forgets, not strange that it should be forgot- 
 ten by the now almost wholly un-American — by 
 the almost wholly foreign — City of New York! 
 
 To the patriotic heart, the shades of the sturdy 
 and opulent Colonel Stephen Van Cortlandt, of 
 Van Cortlandt Manor, and of his wife, Gertrude 
 Schuyler, whose bridal cottage was on this site 
 — demand that Americans unite to save Fraunces' 
 Tavern. Still more insistently do the memories 
 of their daughter Ann Van Cortlandt and her 
 noble Huguenot husband, Etienne or Stephen 
 De Lancey, who built Fraunces' Tavern as her 
 ample home, demand it. Their daughter, Susan- 
 nah De Lancey, Lady Warren, who was mar- 
 ried here, sighs to us for it. Faithful, ardent, 
 devoted Black Sam and the loyal maidr:\, 
 Phoebe Fraunces, beg us for it. The memories 
 of John Jay, of Gouverneur Morris, of Robert 
 Livingston and the friends of the Social Club — 
 those of the Sons of Liberty and of the Founders 
 
 36 
 
of the Chamber of Coniiiierce — look to us for it ; 
 and last in our minds, but foremost in our love, 
 the thought of Washington and of the Brothers- 
 in-Arms who suffered and fought with Washing- 
 ton to free the country which we now bless and 
 magnify as "our" country, and who met to part 
 forever on earth within this building, — all, each, 
 and every one, from the earliest dweller on this 
 corner to the day of the sad, sweet and immortal 
 "Farewell" plead — beg — implore — that we save 
 and restore Fraunces' Tavern to the homage and 
 tenderness of all Americans who honor their an- 
 cestors and who love the Free Institutions which 
 they established. 
 
 One last illustrious memory for the Long 
 Room steals forth from the shadows to show the 
 historic tavern retiring from the historic scene 
 with greater dignity than its namesake master — 
 with dignity, indeed, worthy of its previous lofty 
 record. On February 2nd, 1790, the Supreme 
 Court of the United States was opened in the city 
 of New York "in the presence of national and city 
 dignitaries, of many gentlemen of the bar, mem- 
 bers of Congress, and a number of leading citi- 
 zens. In the evening," continues the chronicler, 
 "the Grand Jury of the United States for the Dis- 
 trict gave a very elegant entertainment in honor 
 of the Court at Fraunces' Tavern on Broad street. 
 The liberality displayed on this occasion, and the 
 good order and harmony which prevailed, gave 
 particular satisfaction to the respectable guests;" 
 
 37 
 
the "respectable" (colonial for "respected") 
 guests being John Jay of New York, Chief Justice, 
 with Justices John Rutledge of South Carolina, 
 William Gushing of Massachusetts, James Wil- 
 son of Pennsylvania, Robert Han i son of Mary- 
 land, and John Blair of Virginia — four of them 
 under fifty years of age, the Chief Justice but 
 . forty-two and the youngest of the six. Thus the 
 Bar and the Bench of the United States, along 
 with the Army, its Captains of Commerce and ils 
 Social Leaders, should be interested in the res- 
 toration and preservation of this ancient inn, — 
 once so central to the national life — so central 
 still to the vast circumference of Greater New 
 York. 
 
 Not another twelve months should be lost. 
 Vandalism against the building and against the 
 Long Boom is reckless. Even within two years 
 the latter has been needlessly and brutally dis- 
 figured by a staircase projected into the south 
 end of the room like a huge closet. The tra- 
 ditional cannon-ball that pierced the roof in 1775, 
 and the traditional round table upon which were 
 the decanters and the glasses of the "Farewell," 
 have both disappeared since 1894. At any time 
 the venerable building itself, standing now since 
 1710, may be torn down ! 
 
 Patriotic womanhood may plead, but patriotic 
 manhood must save this tavern if saved it 
 is to be ! Will not the great New York Chamber 
 of Commerce Itself meet and memorialize the 
 
city and State authorities regarding its birth- 
 place? Land and all, it can hardly cost more 
 than the last opened "breathing-place" for the 
 people — and for a breathing-place for the peo- 
 ple's soul shall we not devote at least as much as 
 was cheerfully lavished on the Hamilton Fish 
 Park? For we declare that within the Memorial 
 Room of this building every United States citizen 
 might reverently stand, and as he looked round 
 upon the silent portraits of the Hero-Founders 
 who, as living men, once stood there before him, 
 in the spirit and in the parting words of the 
 greatest of them, he might proudly echo for 
 himself also— "the name of AMERICAN!"* 
 
 Alas! alas! from Maine to California, Ameri- 
 can councils and legislatures are ever frowning 
 and frightened, deaf and niggard, toward any 
 appeal which has for its sole motive Beauty 
 and Sentiment! Yet beauty and sentiment feed 
 and vivify the soul as food and fresh air the body, 
 and the spiritual part of us must have them or it 
 must die. Human nature in this vast New York 
 is starving, dwindling and degenerating for lack 
 of these vital elements of its higher nourishment 
 and growth. Where, if not here, shall we begin 
 to end this famine, and when, if not now? 
 
 Oh, by every deep and fond and faithful fibre 
 of the human heart, let the potencies and powers 
 of this wide land, social and commercial, civic 
 and military, state and national, combine in one 
 
 *Waskington's Farewell Address, paragraph 10. 
 
 39 
 
irresisl ible weight of public opinion to save 
 Frounces* Tavern; and when it is saved, lei us 
 place in the Long Room, beneath a replica of i ha1 
 wonderful Life-mask of Washington taken but not 
 followed by the French sculptor, Houdon, the 
 outburst of the youthful Abraham Lincoln in 
 1842, as voicing the conviction of all those who 
 adequately love and reverence the "Father" of 
 their country — the ne phis ultra of human man- 
 hood so far as that manhood has yet been 
 evolved : 
 
 44 WASHINGTON'S is the mightiest name of 
 earth, — long since mightiest in the cause of civil 
 liberty; still mightiest in moral reformation. On 
 that name no eulogy is expected. It cannot be. 
 To add brightness to the sun, or glorj' to the name 
 of Washington is alike impossible. Let none at- 
 tempt it. In solemn awe pronounce the name, 
 and in its naked, deathless splendor leave it shin- 
 ing on!" 
 
 40 
 
PETITION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MEMBERS of the WOMEN'S AUXILIARY 
 To 
 
 The Honorable Legislative Bodies and 
 Committees, and to the Executive Au- 
 thorities and Determining Boards of 
 the City and State of New York. 
 
 Whereas: Love and honor of parents and ancestors are among 
 the fundamental duties of mankind ; and 
 
 Whereas: General George Washington made his headquarters 
 in 1776 on Manhattan Island — the ' • storm-center of the Revolu- 
 tion ; " hovered continually about the city of New York during 
 the war, was here inaiigurated first President of the United States 
 in 1789, and here lived as such until 1791 ; and 
 
 Whereas: Washington's Headquarters in 1776 were in the 
 beautiful Morris (later Jumel) Mansion, and in 1783 he parted 
 from the Officers of the American Army in Fraunces' Tavern, 
 both of which buildings are yet standing ; and 
 
 Whereas : The tiny Cottage which sheltered the famous poet 
 Edgar Allen Poe during the last years of his life is also still 
 standing on Fordham Hill ; and 
 
 Whereas: Since 1887 many small parks, some of them cost- 
 ing over a million, and one of them over three million dollars, 
 have been created throughout the city, and sixteen others are now 
 petitioned for, hardly one of which has been chosen with a view 
 to its historic or other American associations ; while the recent 
 creation, at an expense of $8,000,000, of a speedway for fast 
 trotting, the authorization of a Rapid Transit Tunnel which will 
 cost $35,000,000, the condemnation of property in the Borough 
 of the Bronx for a Concourse which will cost $20,000,000, and 
 the recommendation of the Governor of the State of New York 
 for the expenditure of $60,000,000 on the Erie Canal, prove the 
 resources of the City and State of New York for the execution 
 of great projects for the use and enjoyment of the people ; and 
 
 41 
 
Whereas : The residence in the American Metropolis of a vast 
 
 cosmopolitan population should make her especially solicitous 
 to impress that population with the grandeur of American char- 
 acter and the splendor of American achievements ; and more- 
 over, the women of New York have never before asked any 
 costly gift from the City and State authorities; therefore be it 
 
 Resolved : That the Honorable Legislative Bodies and Com- 
 mittees, Executive Authorities and Determining Boards of the 
 City and State of New York, be, and they hereby are, earnestly 
 petitioned by the undersigned to exercise their respective powers 
 for the purchase, by special enactment, of Fraunces' Tavern, the 
 Morris Mansion and the Poe Cottage, together with the blocks 
 of land on which they stand, as memorials due from this chief 
 City and State to the chief Founder and First President of the 
 United States— the ideal citizen, patriot, soldier and statesman, 
 GEORGE WASHINGTON— ' first in peace, first in war, first 
 in the hearts of his countrymen," and to the marvellously gifted 
 Edgar Allen Poe, long since ranked by Continental nations as 
 the greatest American poet ; and 
 
 Resolved: That the authorities before-mentioned are here- 
 by further petitioned to designate the Park around Fraunces' 
 Tavern as "Patriots Park," that around the Morris Mansion as 
 "Hero Park," and that around the Poe Cottage as "Poet's 
 Park," and to commit the said three memorial buildings to the 
 care of the Society for the Preservation of Historic Places and 
 Objects; and 
 
 Resolved : That any other disposition of these several proper- 
 ties will be a desecration of their sacred associations, grievous to 
 the national mind and heart, and inexcusable in the great and 
 enormously opulent State and City of New York. 
 
 Very respectfully, your 
 
 A 
 
 Mrs. Archibald Alexander 
 
 Castle Point, Hoboken, N.J. 
 Mrs. Jos. C. Anderson, Auburn, N.Y 
 
 Mrs. James Andrews New York 
 
 Miss Genevieve K. B. Andrews 
 
 New York 
 
 PETITIONERS. 
 B 
 
 Mrs. William Brookfield. .New York 
 
 Mrs Wm. D. Barbour " 
 
 Mrs. H. S. Barnes 
 
 Mrs. James H. Benedict. . " 
 
 Mrs. F. H. Bosworth 
 
 Mrs. James A. Blanchard " 
 
 42 
 
Mrs. L. A. Bevin New York 
 
 Mrs. Alexander J. I. Bradley 
 
 New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 Mrs. Wm. T. Blodgett. . . . New York 
 
 Mrs. Emil L. Boas " 
 
 Mrs. Geo. Pendleton Bowler 11 
 Mrs. Geo. Stephenson Bixby " 
 Mrs. John Wm. Boothby . " 
 Mrs. William H. Bliss. . . . 
 Mrs. Samuel M. Blatchford " 
 Miss Edith Harman Brown " 
 
 Mrs. David S. Brown il 
 
 Miss Mary Marshall Butler 
 
 Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 Mrs. Heber R. Bishop New York 
 
 Mrs. Wilfrid Buckley .... 
 Mrs. Wm. Allen Butler, Jr. 
 Mrs. John W. Brannan ... 44 
 Mrs. Robert H. Benson . . " 
 
 C 
 
 Mrs. Andrew Carnegie. . .New York 
 
 Mrs. John G. Carlisle " 
 
 Mrs. C. Vanderbilt Cross " 
 Mrs. Chas. Whitney Carpenter 11 
 
 Mrs. Angus Cameron " 
 
 Mrs. Walter Lester Carr. " 
 
 Mrs. Wm A. Copp " 
 
 Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark " 
 Mrs. Henry White Cannon " 
 Mrs. Frederic Cromwell. . " 
 
 D 
 
 Mrs. Henry F. Dimock. . .New York 
 Mrs. Robert W. de Forest 
 
 Mrs. H. L. G. Deas 
 
 Mrs. Henry Mills Day " 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Avery Doremus " 
 
 Mrs. Horace Clark Du Val 44 
 
 Mrs. William G. Davies . . " 
 
 Mrs. Frederic S. Dennis. . 44 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Dickson " 
 
 Judge Noah Davis 44 
 
 E 
 
 Mrs. Samuel M. Evans New York 
 
 Mrs. Richard A. Elmer. . . 44 
 Mrs. Chas. Atwood Edwards M 
 Mrs. Jesse L. Eddy " 
 
 F 
 
 Mrs. Nicholas Fish New York 
 
 Mrs. Charles R. Flint M 
 
 Mrs. Anson R. Flower 44 
 
 A. S. Frissell, Esq 
 
 Mrs. Wm A. Fraser 4 ' 
 
 Mrs. Orange Ferriss 44 
 
 G 
 
 Mrs. Frederic Goodridge.New York 
 Mrs. Richard Henry Greene 44 
 Mrs. Wm. H. Granbery.. . 44 
 
 H 
 
 Mrs. Robert Hoe New York 
 
 Miss Ruth L. Hoe 41 
 
 Mrs. Franklin W. Hopkins 
 
 Brooklyn 
 
 Mrs. James W. Henning.New York 
 Mrs. Virgil P. Humason 
 
 Yonkers, N. Y. 
 Mrs. Wm. Tod Helmuth. .New York 
 
 Mrs. Esther Herrman 44 
 
 Mrs. Margaret B. Harrison 44 
 
 Mrs. Colgate Hoyt 44 
 
 Mrs. John C. Hazen 
 
 Pelham Manor, N. Y 
 Mrs. Archer Huntington .New York 
 Mrs. George A. Helme ... 44 
 
 I 
 
 Mrs. C. Oliver Iselin, 
 
 New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 
 J 
 
 Mrs. Charles S. Jenkins 
 
 Newburg-on-the-Hudson 
 Miss Grace Jenkins 4 4 44 
 Mrs. Adrian Hoffman Joline 
 
 New York 
 Mrs. D. Willis James 44 
 
 K 
 
 Mrs. Anna T. E. Kirtland 
 
 East Orange, N. J. 
 Mrs. Wm. Frederick King,New York 
 Mrs. Walter M. Keck 
 
 East Orange, N. J. 
 Mrs. Wm. Houston Kenyon 
 
 New York 
 
 43 
 
L 
 
 Mrs. James Brown Lord. .New York 
 Mrs. Frank C. Loveland.. " 
 
 Miss Margaret Lewis " 
 
 Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell " 
 Mrs. H. J. Luce 
 
 M 
 
 Mrs. Levi P. Morton New York 
 
 Mrs. Leon Marie 11 
 
 Mrs. F. F. Marbury 
 
 Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris 
 
 Mrs. John C. Marin 
 
 Mrs. H. Courtney Manning " 
 Mrs. Payson Merrill " 
 
 O 
 
 Mrs. B. B. Odell, Jr. 
 
 Executive Mansion, Albany, N. Y. 
 Mrs. Adolphe Openhym. .New York 
 Mrs. Charles E. Orvis. .. 11 
 
 P 
 
 Mrs. James E. Pope 
 
 East Orange, N. J. 
 Mrs. Ralph E. Prime. Yon kers, N. Y. 
 
 Mrs. J. T. Pultz New York 
 
 Mrs. Melusina Fay Peirce " 
 
 Mrs. John H. Pell 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Pinchot 
 
 Mrs. R. Burnside Potter.. " 
 
 Mrs. Isaac N. Phelps " 
 
 Mrs. James Pedersen M 
 
 Mrs. Isaac S. Piatt 
 
 Q 
 
 Mrs. L. G. Quinlin " 
 
 R 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Rhinelander. . .New York 
 Mrs. Washington A. Roebling 
 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 Mrs. John Francis Ritter.New York 
 Mrs. Geo. H. Robinson. . . " 
 Mrs. George A. Robbins.. " 
 Mrs. James Bronson Reynolds" 
 
 Miss Robbins " 
 
 Miss Charlotte S. Robinson " 
 Mrs. Jules Reynal " 
 
 S 
 
 Mrs. James S. Speyer New York 
 
 Mrs. John S. Sutphen 41 
 
 Mrs. John S. Sutphen, Jr. " 
 Miss Adeline E. Sutphen. " 
 
 Mrs. Mason A. Stone " 
 
 Mrs. Isaac N. Seligman . . " 
 Mrs. Charles A. Spofford. " 
 
 Miss Mary A. Stimson " 
 
 Mrs. R. Stone 
 
 Mrs. Wm. H. Sage. ... Albany, N. Y 
 Mrs. James M. Seymour 
 
 East Orange, N. J. 
 Mrs. William E. Stone 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 Mrs. Anson Phelps Stokes 
 
 New York 
 Mrs. J. Edward Simmons 11 
 
 Mrs. Churles D. Sabin M 
 
 Mrs. Frank Sullivan Smith " 
 
 Mrs. William T. Schley.. 
 
 Mrs. William M. Spackman 11 
 
 T 
 
 Mrs. VanCampen Taylor, New York 
 V 
 
 Miss Mary Van Buren Vanderpoel 
 New York 
 
 Mrs. Henry Villard 
 
 Mrs. Alexander T. Van Nest " 
 
 W 
 
 Mrs. Stephen V. White. . . . Brooklyn 
 Mrs. Edwin H. Wootton..New York 
 Mrs. Edward Emerson Waters 
 
 New York 
 Miss Julia Chester Wells M 
 Mrs. George Waddington " 
 Mrs. John D. Wing " 
 
 Z 
 
 Mrs. N. Lansing Zabriskie 
 
 Aurora, N. Y 
 
 44