COLUMBIA LIBRARIES OFFSITE HEALTH SCIENCES STANDARD HX64073297 RA1 22.C1 N482 1 91 7 Facts and figures sn RECAP New Xork (City) Dept. of Health, Facts and Figures Showing the Quantity and Cost of the Work. 1917 • CVij \ 100 m 378 M 2. Number of Employees absent during the year on account of illness. 1915 1916 1917 4% I to N < ?i \ v \i \ o 3.6 H 1.5 3.- Percentage of days lost by Employees on account oA illness. RATE 1913 1911 1915 191b 1917 •70 -flh .» .629 .617 .606 .666 .611 AO .30 Mb .435 .130 .HDD .itra .71 -ft- 4. Per capita cost of Dept. of Health Total ■ Per capita cost of Dept. of Health Exclusive of Hospitals fisooon 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 DOMINI A 5OQOO0 _«" -— ■ .y f \ \ 400000 +* ^ \ 300 POO 7D0000 100 000 473.413 517,811 523.811 652,389 488.256 S. Patient days provided for cases of Communicable Diseases in Depart- ment Hospitals. » 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 3000 s * 2,500 7000 moo i fifin twtr^ 500 2.395 2,840 2.920 3,000 3.300 6. Bed Capacity of Department Hospitals. In spite of the stationary force and lower cost, certain notable increases in service to the city, and a number of important in- novations in sanitary supervi- sion, have been accomplished without sacrificing any of the standards or established proced- ures of known value. The in- crease in hospital accommoda- tions is especially valuable. In connection with these charts it must be remembered that 1916 was a year of special emergency, when every resource of the De- partment of Health hospitals and of many private hospitals were used to meet the needs for hos- pital care of the poliomyelitis cases. In addition to the patient days provided in Department of Health Hospitals in 1916, there were 36,685 days' care provided for poliomyelitis cases in other than Department of Health hos- pitals. On August 21st, 1916, a total emergency bed capacity of 3,479 beds was provided in Department hospitals and an ac- tual hospital census of 3,334 pa- tients was reached. Of these 2,517 were cases of poliomyelitis and 817 cases of other communi- cable diseases. It is to be noted that only by having provision in contagious disease hospitals for more than the average or even the usual seasonal incidence of epidemic diseases can the com- munity danger from failure to isolate such cases in time of spe- cial prevalence be escaped. Services at the advisory clin- ics for venereal diseases have been expanded and are now available in all boroughs. The diagnostic laboratories have increased their capacity for high grade technical work with no reduction in accuracy and with great addition to the con- venience of physicians. (See charts 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.) imn 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 40,00(1 30000 ?0000 10,000 f- 6665 I7.7Z7 20,173 22.96Z 39,255 7. Attendance at Venereal Disease Advisory Clinics. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 130,000 170000 110,001) 100 OOf wooo 80,000 70000 60,00(1 SO 000 40 000 30,000 70000 10,00! 1.533 41115 49.ZIZ 55.ZU 123,500 1W),0M 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 151) (WO •lflflMfl 130,000 ill 110000 100(1 - MP. Ml b 80,150 151,169 151,115 133,032 141,284 8. Wassermann Tests. 9. Diagnostic Examinations of Diph- theria. (913 19(4 1915 1916 1917 (U,UUU 60,000 50,000 40,000 * 30,000 9n nnn [u.uuu 10,000 4i;64d 49,761 61,080 64603 54,808 1913 1914 1915 1916 i9ir ?0,fl00 IS 00(1 / S 10000 7 s ■po koh — / - 9,064 9,041 20,102 17,535 13,208 10. Diagnostic Examinations of Sputum 11. Diagnostic Examinations for Typhoid, for Tubercle Bacilli. 100,000 J913 1914 1915 1916 1917 30,050 / pa nnft f DU.IM / 70,000 S ^r 60,000 / 50,000 •s *y r 40.000 ^r Wflflfl 20,000 10.00U 54,373 48,382 67,637 74,550 95,732 In its supervision of the milk supply, the Department of Health has greatly increased the number of specimens examined bacteriologically. 12. Bacterial Examinations o.f Milk. c.c. 1913 ma 1915 1916 1917 (MM dOOOOOf 5090l)0tl im 301)0001 onnfjnn/ ' 1 lopoopo 1 3.75X740 3.761,690 4504,940 4.639,575 6,912,984 13. S era produced for Diagnostic, Prophy- lactic and Therapeutic Use. Owing to the increased de- mand at home and abroad for the products of the laboratory of the Department there have been made and sold greatly in- creased quantities of sera and vaccines for diagnostic, prophy- lactic and therapeutic use. (See charts 13 and 14.) n 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 ? 0(1(1001 IWO 100000 SNW 1 800,344 947.767 1,309.418 1,753,479 1,661,896 14. Vaccines produced for Prophylactic and Therapeutic use. With the increase in the pub- lic school population and the addition of the parochial schools to the supervision of the De- partment, a greatly increased burden has been thrown upon the school medical inspection system. Quicker and invaluable results not yet attained could be had if the pleas of the Depart- ment were heeded and a really adequate force of doctors and nurses were allowed for this service. The supervision of expectant mothers, one of the most profit- able forms of preventive medi- cine, and one giving large re- turns in the form of a reduction of maternal and infant mortality, has grown steadily and could be multiplied many fold with a more liberal provision for med- ical and nursing service. The same is equally true of the supervision of infants under two years of age. mm 1913 \m 1915 I9I6 1917 1000,000 1 | 1000 (■e* fiOO.OOO 11)0,000 WOO 843,466 302,882 131,392 329,158 944,071 15. Public and Parochial School Children under Supervision. MOTHER ,1913 1914 191b 1916 1917 5000 ?,m / < 1,800 J f 1,?00 / fiflfl --- 1,622 2,482 3,002 2,984 16. Expectant Mothers Supervised. 17. Children under 2 under 1 Health Stations. E and attending Baby 10 70000(1 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 15(1000 % •*.- .s y WOOD 191,924 171,158 17Z.Z45 202,856 205,434 ftOOOO 11(1(1(10 64,461 64,441 n,n6 70,919 80,672 18. Searches in Bureau of Records Transcripts made from Records 1913 m 1915 1916 1917 ftCPFS 1MN 10,000 A 5,000 y ' > ^ r* ■"»• / V f 1,560 15,000 54 7,600 6,560 19. New acreage of marsh (fresh or salt) drained to prevent mosquito breed- ing under contract and by Depart- ment of Health force. LINEAR fPPT 1913 1911 1915 1916 1917 DPI K 111 r \ Fill A , 1 \ 11)11 > (\ J / V KM m% 32,163 4,359,994 E,92S71I The natural growth of the city and many requirements connected with the war and the draft have resulted in greater demand upon the Registrar of the Department for searches and transcripts of records. In completing the construc- tive engineering program for the elimination of the mosquito, all the large areas of salt and fresh water marsh in the city limits have either been drained or filled, or the work is con- tracted for and being rapidly brought to completion. 20. Linear feet of new drainage ditches dug to prevent mosquito breeding. 11 The complete supervision of stables is now an accomplished ^ task and a reduction in the prevalence of flies has obviously taken place. In the absence of adequate field data, however, this reduction cannot be stated statistically. 11000 mi 1914 1915 1916] 1917 10 050 MOD 0,01)0 7000 Boon 5000 4,0(10 o,UUu 2000 11)00 57?" 560 6,000 10,612 10,584 21. Horse stables under supervision and permits. Owing to the increasing and dangerous sewage pollution of the rivers and harbors along the City's waterfront, sanitary safety has required the closing of many of the public bathing establish- ments on various beaches. To meet the pressing need for bathing facilities which form one of the best resources for recreation and personal hygiene, a number of new open-air bath- ing pools have been built and operated in accordance with high standards of cleanliness in all the boroughs of the City. BATHINC 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 ran m m ^^ 100 DO Z64- 237 zoo 178 160 22. Public bathing beaches. 23. Outdoor public bathing pools. 12 1917. 2: c« > O Z2 <_2 U-J LBS. 30000 ZQ,0OQ - n - j ' ; A new source of wholesome food supply, namely horse meat, has been made available during the past year and the rapid ex- tension of the business even under the most rigid restrictions fully justifies this innovation. Meat at eight to sixteen cents per pound is a boon to many and a palatable luxury to those who are wise and unprejudiced. !-). Pounds of horse-meat sold at 6 cents — IS cents a pound. 13 RESULTS. To what degree education, inspection, law enforcement, or the general improvement in the standards of living is respons- ible, is of less interest to the householder and business man or mother of a family, than to the technical epidemiologist or ad- ministrator. The records here presented are certainly encourag- ing and will undoubtedly be stud- ied with interest. The general death rate, the infant mortality rate, the death rate. for children under five, and the death rates of many of the more important preventable diseases show a gratifying reduction. RAIL IK 1913 1914 I9I&' :i9ffi w. W.. \l 10, 8. ■6, /i n-. 1 0, J4.ZI tU3 13.93 13.89 I3.7S 25. Crude death rate from all causes, at all ages per 1,000 population. RATE 26. Death rate under 1 year per 1,000 reported births. RATF 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 40, ft 20. i i 10. s 0. 376 315 35. i 33.6 30.2 27. Death rate under 5 years from all causes per 1,000 population under S years. . 14 WffF 1911 1915 1916 1917 80 60 "* 40 1 n o ! 71 67 72 55 58 PATF 1913 1914- 1915 1916 1917 Oft .06 % s. 04 \ 0?, , 09 .07 .06 .06 .04 .04 28. Death rate from Diarrhoeal Diseases 29. Death rate from Typhoid per 1,000 under 5 years, per 1,000 population population, under 5 years. m 1914 \% 1916 1917 RATF 1? Oft 04 00 .12 .11 M .09 .10 RATF 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 10 0# 06 04 0? SO .10 M .05 M .02 30. Death rate from Measles per 1,000 31. Death rate from Scarlet Fev'er per population. 1,000 population. RATE 1913 1914 1915 1916 I9I7 2.00 1 \ i LOT 1.20 .80 .40 .00 1.65 (.67 1.61 1.50 I.54 32. Death rate from Diphtheria and Croup 33. Death rate from Pulmonary Tubercu- per 1,000 population. losis per 1,000 population. 15 mtf 1913 \m 1915 1916 1917 04 03 \ It?, V / 01 00 .04 .w .02 .03 .03 1.93 1. 34. Death rate from Cerebro-Spinal Men- 35. Death rate from Broncho and Lobar ingitis per 1,000 population. Pneumonia per 1,000 population. HORSES 17.00 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1000 800 m . 400 ?oo 1138 1,153 704 403 670 DOGS 1913 1914 1915 1916 191? 200 15? 100 50 149 Z07 103 il 32 36. Horses condemned for Glanders. 37. Rabid dogs collected and destroyed. Education and a judicious use of the police power has reduced the number of instances in which people have been bitten by un- muzzled or improperly muzzled dogs. person: filTTFW 1913 1914 19(5 1916 1917 wrttli 5000 4000 W ?ooo 1000 4,366 4,462 3,460 3,Z« 3,193 38. Persons bitten by dogs. 16 MTF 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 ffl M dfi \ i d /^ ^/ / M V .07 .oO .08 .05 .07 06 .08 39. Death rate from Whooping Cough per 1,000 population. U n is - 14 ~W 4 0. Death rate from Acute Bronchitis per 1,000 population. In whooping cough, acute bronchitis and street accidents, each of which is properly con- sidered a preventable cause of death, the death rate has re- mained the same and these con- stitute so considerable a propor- tion of all deaths, that special effort must continue to be di- rected against each of them, through educational means chiefly, aided especially in the case of street accidents by ade- quate provision for playgrounds for children, and by some rem- edy for many of the intolerable conditions of street traffic. RATE .IS 1913 1911 1915 1916 1917 10 -v ■w^ ■^^ .05 ,00 A .11 .10 .12 41. Death rate from street accidents per 1,000 population. 17 Not only have there been fewer deaths from many of the preventable diseases (which ?ftOQ might of itself be an indication merely of a decreased virulence of the disease, or of a more suc- cessful quality of medical care of the patients) but there has been a reduction in the actual prevalence of many of the com- mon preventable diseases as well. One must, of course, always acknowledge the proba- bility of incomplete reporting of these notifiable diseases. Cases of Typhoid Fever rep o I e ■ I'- 1913 m 19)5 1916 m ll ^^ Rj \ 10 5 \ / 10 24 •- 4-3. Cases of Small Pox reported- Cases of Scarlet Fever nz-.r'-iz. 18 CASES ? PAMPHLET BINDER [| Manufadund hy } •AYLORDBROS. I«. 5 Syracuse, N. Y. | Sto efcten, CM. P./J.22.G1 K482 1917 £iev/ York (City) Dept. of health. .f'£.cts and figures showing the quantity and cost of the work C, U. BINDERY $E m\zzt\ 1911